Birds of western China obtained by the Kelley-Roosevelts expedition

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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 314
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XVIII, No. 11

BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA OBTAINED BY
THE KELLEY-ROOSEVELTS EXPEDITION

WILFRED H. OSGOOD

CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
EDITOR

CHICAGO, U. S. A.
OCTOBER 12, 1932

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 314
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XVIII, No. 11

BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA OBTAINED BY
THE KELLEY-ROOSEVELTS EXPEDITION

BY

OUTRAM BANGS

LATE CURATOR OF BIRDS, MUSEUM OP COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

WILFRED H. OSGOOD

CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
EDITOR

CHICAGO, U. S. A.
OCTOBER 12, 1932

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA
BT FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

.

BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA OBTAINED BY THE
KELLEY-ROOSEVELTS EXPEDITION

BY OUTRAM BANGS*

The following account, which is little more than a purely nominal
list, covers the birds collected in Yunnan and Szechwan by Herbert
Stevens while on the William V. Kelley-Roosevelts Asiatic Expedition
of Field Museum. This expedition made other collections of birds,
mainly in Indo-China, which have formed the subject of a separate
report (antea, pp. 33-119, June 1931). Meanwhile, the authorities
of the Museum have kindly placed in my hands for identification the
present collection from a different region. It numbers some 1,150
specimens, all taken by Stevens.

The region covered could not today be expected to reveal much
in the way of new forms or of striking additions to its fauna; it is now
pretty well known and has been thoroughly worked by many experi-
enced collectors. Stevens, however, did secure a number of interest-
ing species and added some records both to Yunnan and Szechwan.

At the meeting of the British Ornithological Club held in March
1930, Stevens gave a talk, mentioning by name some of the rarer
birds that he secured or saw. This was published in the Bulle-
tin of the British Ornithological Club, 50, p. 46, March 1930.

Early in the journey, the Roosevelts and C. Suydam Cutting
went rapidly north on their successful hunt for the Giant Panda
(Natural History, January-February 1930, pp. 3-16), leaving Stevens
to follow slowly, with more time in which to collect. Besides birds,
he made collections of mammals, insects, fishes, reptiles, amphibians
and plants and brought his part of the expedition safely through the
dangers and inconveniences of travel today in central China.

The route traversed by Stevens, roughly speaking, is as follows:
Starting in northwestern Yunnan in January 1929, he collected at
Ming-shih, Shang-kuan, Nguluko, Ao-wah and Yung-ning, and of
course at intermediate places when camped or while traveling through.
On March 25, he crossed into Szechwan and from then until well
into May collected in succession at Muli, Ku-lu, Baurong and Wu-shi;
from here he continued north through Tatsienlu into Mouping,
going somewhat north of Mouping and then coming south again in

* As this paper is passing through the press, the sad news is received of the
author's death at Cambridge, Massachusetts, September 22, 1932. — ED.

343

344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

middle Szechwan, collecting last of all at Sui-fu in extreme south-
central Szechwan where his field work ended October 18, 1929.

In identifying the species in the collection I have had for compari-
son, in addition to the now nearly complete set of Chinese birds in
the Museum of Comparative Zoology, a few skins borrowed from the
United States National Museum, for the use of which I am greatly
indebted to the very prompt response of the Curator of Birds,
H. Friedmann.

Tetrastes sewerzowi secunda Riley. SEVERTZOW'S HAZEL-GROUSE.
Stevens took six adults and one chick in Szechwan at altitudes
ranging from 13,000 to 14,000 feet. These were taken at Chi-li,
May 1929; near Kwan-chiai, July 1929; and above Yulong-kong in
July 1929. The chick was secured July 30, 1929, at a camp on the
mountain-side south of Kwan-chiai.

Tetraophasis szechenyii Madarasz. SZECHENYI'S PHEASANT.

A single adult female of this species was taken at Ku-lu, Szechwan,
April 20, 1929.

Perdix hodgsoniae sifanica Przewalski. PRZEWALSKI'S PARTRIDGE.
A pair of adult birds was taken at 12,500 feet, at a point south of
Peh-sang, Szechwan, July 17, 1929.

Coturnix coturnix japonica Temminck and Schlegel. JAPANESE
QUAIL.

One male quail is in the collection from Sui-fu, Szechwan, Octo-
ber 18, 1929.

Ithaginis cruentus clarkei Rothschild. CLARKE'S BLOOD-PART-
RIDGE.

One adult male from Nguluko, Yunnan, February 24, 1929.

It is a pity that Stevens got but a single specimen, as the one he
did secure appears to be somewhat intermediate and tending toward
geoffroyi. The throat is red, exactly as in clarkei, but the centers
of the long feathers of the lower neck are grayer and much less buff,
more as in geoffroyi. The chest, also, is much less mottled with blood
red and the red spots themselves are smaller.

Ithaginis cruentus geoffroyi Verreaux. GEOFFROY'S BLOOD-
PARTRIDGE.

Eight adults, both sexes. These were taken at the following places
in Szechwan, at altitudes ranging from 12,000 to 13,800 feet: Ku-lu,

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 345

April; Baurong, May; Hadja-tungoo, June; Yulong-kong, June and
July; and Kwan-chiai in August 1929.

Crossoptilon crossoptilon crossoptilon (Hodgson). WHITE-
EARED PHEASANT.

Eight adults and nine chicks were secured in Szechwan at the
following places: Wu-shi, May; Itze, April; Chauloo, May; Yulong-
kong, July; and Sin-tien-tze, in August 1929. The nine chicks were
all taken at Wu-shi, May 25, 1929.

Phasianus colchicus elegans Elliot. ELEGANT PHEASANT.

Stevens took four males, three females and two chicks at the
following places: in Yunnan at Nguluko in February and Yung-ning
in March 1929; in Szechwan at Ku-lu in April 1929, two adult males.
The chicks were secured at Yulong-kong, Szechwan, in June 1929.

Until I compared this series, together with many other skins, with
the type and with a long series of topotypes of P. c. rothschildi
La Touche, I had always thought that Rothschild (Nov. Zool., 33,
1926, p. 207) was right in considering rothschildi a synonym of elegans.
I am now convinced that rothschildi of the subtropical hills about
Mengtsz, Yunnan, can be distinguished. It differs from elegans by
the lighter color of the tail and flanks, but especially by the pale
straw yellow edges of the feathers of the interscapular region. These
become paler and yellower still in worn-plumaged, spring-killed birds.
Worn spring-plumaged examples of true elegans keep the strong cop-
pery color of the interscapular region, which never in any stage of
plumage fades to the pale and yellow color shown in every skin of
rothschildi. I therefore recognize Phasianus colchicus rothschildi
La Touche as a valid form.

Chrysolophus amherstiae (Leadbeater). LADY AMHERST
PHEASANT.

Lady Amherst Pheasant is represented in the collection by seven
adults, four males and three females, and one immature male partially
molted into adult plumage, all taken in Szechwan at Muli in March
and April; at Baurong in May 1929.

Columba leuconota gradaria Hartert. SNOW PIGEON.

The Snow Pigeon was found at high elevations all through
Szechwan and nine specimens were preserved. These are from
Saghi, April; below Tiya, April; Lanepa, May; Che-to, June; and

346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Yulong-kong, July 1929; taken at altitudes ranging from 9,000 to
12,800 feet.

Columba rupestris rupestris Pallas. HILL PiGEON.1

Five adults and one immature of the Rock Pigeon were taken in
Szechwan as follows: Chen-tze, May; between Zamba-ku and Hadja-
tungoo, May; Peh-sang, July; and north of Hlagong, July 1929.

Columba hodgsonii Vigors. SPECKLED WOOD-PIGEON.

Stevens took three examples of this species at Shih-shah-shi,
Szechwan, October 8, 1929.

Streptopelia orientalis orientalis (Latham). RUFOUS TURTLE

DOVE.

Six specimens. These were taken in Yunnan at Ao-wah, March,
Yung-ning, March, and at a camp above Sugzo, March 1929; in
Szechwan at Baurong, May 1929.

Streptopelia chinensis forresti Rothschild. YUNNAN SPOTTED

DOVE.
One female was taken at Nguluko, Yunnan, February 15, 1929.

Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis (Temminck). BURMESE
RED TURTLE DOVE.

Four specimens, three males and a female. These were all taken
in Szechwan, at Chen-tze, May; Chi-ti, May; Che-to, June; and
Peh-sang, July 1929.

Fulica atra atra Linne". COOT.

One female taken at Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 16, 1929.

Totanus totanus eurhinus Oberholser. EASTERN REDSHANK.

Two adult males were taken in Szechwan, one at Hlagong July
22, and the other at Kwan-chiai July 28, 1929.

Tringa ochropus Linne". GREEN SANDPIPER.

One female was taken at Yung-ning, Yunnan, March 21, 1929.

Rhyacophilus glareola (Gmelin). WOOD SANDPIPER.

One adult female; Szechwan, Kwan-chiai, July 28, 1929.

^iley (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 43, p. 133, 1930) has named the Szechwan bird
. r. austrina. I have no opinion in the matter, as I have not been over material

C.
since.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 347

Actitis hypoleucos (Linne"). COMMON SANDPIPER.
Two males; Szechwan, Sui-fu, October 18, 1929.

Capella stenura (Bonaparte). NARROW-TAILED SNIPE.

One female was taken at Shang-kuan, Yunnan, January 20, 1929.

Capella gallinago gallinago (Linne"). COMMON SNIPE.

Five adults, both sexes, all from Nguluko, Yunnan, February

14, 1929.

Capella g. raddi (Buturlin) is a well-marked form, but probably
its range is quite restricted. The breeding birds taken by the late
John Koran, on the Arctic coast of Siberia in the neighborhood of
Kolymsk, etc., are very pale with almost completely white axillaries
and white wing lining, with but few dusky spots only, near the carpal
edge. Such birds seem seldom to be taken on migration although I
have seen a few. All the snipes in the present series are quite like
European examples.

Capella solitaria (Hodgson). SOLITARY SNIPE.

Three solitary snipes were secured, one male at Nguluko, Yunnan,
February 8, and a male and a female at Ku-lu, Szechwan, April

15, 20, 1929.

Ardeola bacchus Bonaparte. CHINESE POND-HERON.

Three females are in the collection from Szechwan, one taken at
Baurong in May and two from above Che-to in June 1929.

Grus nigricollis Przewalski. BLACK-NECKED CRANE.

Two Black-necked Cranes were taken March 20, 1929, at Yung-
ning, Yunnan. One is an adult male, the other a somewhat immature
female with the black feathers of the adult plumage of the head and
neck coming in in irregular patches through the general dirty brown-
ish of the older plumage.

Casarca ferruginea (Pallas). RUDDY SHELDRAKE.

Three specimens, all from Szechwan: a male taken at a point
north of Tavzyen, May 30, and two females in faded and abraded
plumage taken at Hlagong, July 19, 1929.

Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linne". MALLARD.

A pair of mallards was taken at Nguluko, Yunnan, the male
February 8, the female February 14, 1929.

348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Anas crecca Linne". TEAL.

Four teals are in the collection. These are two females from
Yunnan, one from Nguluko February 8 and one from a lake on the
Gaba plateau March 8; and a male and female from Sui-fu, Szechwan,
killed October 16, 1929.

Gyps himalayensis Hume. HIMALAYAN GRIFFON.

One vulture of this species, a male, was secured at 13,500 feet
at a point north of Hlagong, Szechwan, July 21, 1929.

Accipiter nisus nisosimilis Tickell. ASIATIC SPARROW-HAWK.
One immature male, Yunnan, Nguluko, February 26, 1929.

Accipiter nisus melanoschistus Hume. INDIAN SPARROW-HAWK.
One adult male, a very dark bird, was taken at Nguluko, Yunnan,
February 17, 1929.

Buteo buteo burmanicus Hume. JAPANESE DESERT-BUZZARD.

One male was taken at Shang-kuan, Yunnan, January 20, 1929.

Collin and Hartert (Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 51) have pointed out
that on account of preoccupation of Falco buteo japonicus Temminck
and Schlegel, Buteo burmanicus, the next earliest name, must
come into use. They refer this name to Oates. Mr. Peters, how-
ever, tells me that there is no evidence that Oates wrote the article
(Stray Feathers, 3, 1875, p. 30) in which the name appears, and that
undoubtedly it was written by Hume himself, who just now and
then includes notes of Feilden and Oates.

Gypaetus barbatus grandis Storr. LAMMERGEYER.

Two specimens, a fine adult male from above Yulong-kong,
Szechwan, at 12,200 feet taken July 1, 1929, and an immature with-
out a label.

Falco peregrinus peregrinator Sundevall. SHAHIN FALCON.

One female, referable to this form, was brought alive to Stevens
by a Lolo and died two days later. It had a clipped wing and the
tail was badly battered. This was at Jhay-shui-tha, Yunnan,
March 23, 1929, but it is, of course, wholly possible that the bird
was not caught at that place.

Falco tinnunculus interstinctus McClelland. KESTREL.
One adult female, Szechwan, Tai-ling, July 25, 1929.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 349

Strix nivicola (Blyth). HIMALAYAN WOOD-OWL.

One adult female taken at Baurong, Szechwan, May 3, 1929.

I have examined and compared the types of bothharterti La Touche
and nivipetens Riley and can find no ground for recognizing either
of them.

Psittacula derbyana (Fraser). DERBY'S PAROQUET.

Three specimens, a male and two females, were taken in Szech-
wan. These were secured at altitudes ranging between 10,700 and
11,200 feet, in a coniferous forest above Kopadi April 11, and at
Yatsa April 29, 1929.

Alcedo atthis bengalensis Gmelin. INDIAN KINGFISHER.
Two males, Szechwan, Sui-fu, October 17, 1929.

Upupa epops saturata Lonnberg. TIBETAN HOOPOO.

Nine specimens. These were taken in Yunnan at Nguluko,
February, and at Yung-ning, March 1929; in Szechwan at Saghi,
April, and north of Tatsienlu, August 1929.

Caprimulgus indicus jotaka Temminck and Schlegel. JAPANESE

JUNGLE NIGHTJAR.

One somewhat immature male was taken at Moah-ter, not far
from Mouping, Szechwan, September 12, 1929.

Cuculus sparveroides Vigors. LARGE HAWK-CUCKOO.

One adult male was secured at Muli, Szechwan, April 9, 1929.

Cuculus canorus bakeri Hartert. KHASIA HILLS CUCKOO.

Four adults, two males and two females, all from Szechwan, taken
at a point near Wu-shi, May 31; at Hadja-tungoo, June 1; at Yu-ja-
kew Pass, July 1; and Ying-kuan-chiai, July 15, 1929.

I am sure that the breeding cuckoo of the mountains of central
China is bakeri, having the darker back and blacker barring below
of that form, and that the paler telephonus occurs in this region only
as a migrant.

Picus canus setschuanus Hesse. CHINESE BLACK-NAPED WOOD-
PECKER.

Stevens took an adult male and an immature male Green Wood-
pecker together at a point between Zamba-ku and Hadja-tungoo,
Szechwan, May 31, and an adult female at Lanepa, May 8, 1929.

Both old birds are very much discolored and worn in plumage.

350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Dryobates hyperythrus hyperythrus (Vigors). RUFOUS-BELLIED
WOODPECKER.

An adult male was taken at Wu-shi, Szechwan, May 21, and an
adult female at Tongola, Szechwan, July 16, 1929.

Rothschild (Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 239) has shown that the form
inhabiting northwestern Yunnan is the same as that of the eastern
Himalayas — hyperythrus. With this form also belong the breeding
birds of western Szechwan. On the other hand, two birds from
Mengtsz, Yunnan, one taken March 14, 1911, the other January 15,
1921, are wholly referable to D. h. subrufinus Cabanis and Heine,
and were of course migrants or winter visitors from northeastern
China.

Dryobates ma j or stresemanni Rensch . GREATER SPOTTED WOOD-
PECKER.

During the course of his travels through Szechwan, Stevens took
thirteen specimens of this woodpecker: at Muli in March; Wu-shi
in May; the valley gorge of Lee-chu in May; at a point between
Zamba-ku and Hadja-tungoo in May; and at Hadja-tungoo in June
1929.

Dryobates semicoronatus omissus Rothschild.1 YUNNAN PIGMY
WOODPECKER.

One adult male was taken at Muli, Szechwan, April 4, 1929.

Muli is only just across the boundary line from Yunnan and this
form is the one that might therefore be expected to occur in this part
of southwestern Szechwan. Still I believe this is the first record for
Szechwan. The wing is slightly worn down at the tip and in its
present condition measures 100 mm.

Picoides tridactylus funebris Verreaux. CHINESE THREE-TOED
WOODPECKER.

Stevens secured no less than seven specimens of this species,
hitherto considered a rare bird. They were all taken in heavy conif-
erous forest at altitudes ranging from 11,300 to 13,500 feet : in Yunnan
at a point six days' march from Nguluko March 13; in Szechwan,
at Ku-lu, April, at Wu-shi, May, and at a point two days' march
from Wu-shi, May 1929.

ICf. Riley (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 80, Art. 7, p. 22, 1931) who uses the name
clementii La Touche. I have had no opportunity to compare skins since Riley's
paper came out.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 351

Dryocopus forresti Rothschild. FORREST'S WOODPECKER.

A fine adult male of this species was taken on the second day's
march from Muli, Szechwan, April 11, 1929. The specimen has a
wing of 255; bill to base of forehead 64; exposed culmen 58 mm.

This is the first record of this species for Szechwan.

Picumnus innominatus chinensis (Hargitt). CHINESE PICULET.

Three specimens, all from Szechwan. These were taken at Muli
in April and above Wan-nieu-si in October 1929.

Delichon urbica cashmiriensis Gould. KASHMIR HOUSE-MARTIN.
One adult male taken at Yulong-kong, Szechwan, July 1, 1929.

Riparia rupestris (Scopoli). CRAG-MARTIN.

Three Crag-martins are in the collection: two from Yunnan,
Nguluko, February 22, and Yangtze Valley, March 14, 1929; one
from Szechwan, north of Kutsa, August 18, 1929,

Hirundo daurica daurica Linne". DAURIAN SWALLOW.

One adult male from north of Hlagong, Szechwan, July 21, 1929.
Wing 122 mm.

Alseonax muttui (Layard). LAYARD'S FLYCATCHER.
One adult male, Baurong, Szechwan, May 5, 1929.

Siphia parva albicilla (Pallas). EASTERN RED-BREASTED FLY-
CATCHER.

A male was taken at Baurong, Szechwan, May 2, 1929, and a
female at Wu-shi, Szechwan, May 12, 1929.

Siphia strophiata strophiata Hodgson. ORANGE-GORGETED FLY-
CATCHER.

Five specimens. These are all from Szechwan and were taken
at Muli and Ku-lu in April; near Meipeng in August; and at Sui-fu
in October 1929.

Muscicapula tricolor tricolor (Hodgson). SLATY-BLUE FLY-
CATCHER.

One adult female taken at Wu-shi, Szechwan, May 23, 1929.

All Chinese birds belong to this race. M. c. cerviniventris is a
much darker bird.

u: OF ILL: LIB:

352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Muscicapula hodgsonii (Verreaux). HODGSON'S FLYCATCHER.

Seven adults, both sexes, were taken in Szechwan, at Chi-li,
Baurong and Wu-shi in May, and in a valley east of Kwan-chiai in
July 1929.

Chelidorhynx hypoxanthum (Blyth). YELLOW-BELLIED FLY-
CATCHER.

One adult male taken on the third day's march from Muli, April
12, 1929.

Rhipidura albicollis albicollis (Vieillot). WHITE-THROATED FAN-
TAIL FLYCATCHER.

Four White-throated Fantail Flycatchers were secured, all at
Muli, Szechwan, in April 1929.

Culicicapa ceylonensis calochrysea Oberholser. CHINESE GRAY-
HEADED FLYCATCHER.

Five adults and one juvenile were taken in Szechwan. The adults
were secured at Baurong in May and the juvenile at Mouping,
September 7, 1929.

Pericrocotus brevirostris ethologus Bangs and Phillips. CHINESE
SHORT-BILLED MINIVET.

Four specimens, two males and two females, were taken in
Szechwan at Ku-lu in April and at Baurong in May 1929.

These are exactly similar to Hupeh examples and leave no doubt
that P. b. styani Stuart Baker is the same as ethologus.

Microscelis leucocephalus leucocephalus (Gmelin). WHITE-
HEADED BULBUL.

At Baurong, Szechwan, in May 1929, Stevens took six adults
including both sexes. These are all completely white-headed.

Pycnonotus aurigaster xanthorrhous Anderson. YUNNAN
YELLOW-VENTED BULBUL.

Stevens took five specimens. These were secured in Yunnan at
Nguluko in February and March; at Yung-ning in March; and from
the Yangtze Valley in March. At Baurong in Szechwan, roughly
speaking 125 miles from the Yunnan border, he took one adult
female, May 6, 1929, which is in every way similar, with an equally
dark chest band, and does not at all approach P. a. andersoni (Swin-
hoe), of the lower Yangtze Valley.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 353

Pycnonotus sinensis sinensis (Gmelin). CHINESE BULBUL.
A pair was taken at Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 16, 1929.

Spizixus canif rons ingrami Bangs and Phillips. CHINESE FlNCH-
BILLED BULBUL.

Seven specimens. In Yunnan one is from Nguluko, March 5, and
two from Ao-wah, March 15, 1929. Four are from Muli, Szechwan,
taken March and April 1929.

Rothschild and Stuart Baker following him, claim that the charac-
ters used to separate ingrami from true canif rons Blyth, of the Khasia
Hills, are simply those of immaturity. This is not so, for most of the
specimens in our very long series of ingrami are fully adult. It might
be claimed that ingrami is too close to canifrons to stand as a recog-
nizable subspecies, but to say that its supposed characters are those
only of immaturity is absurd.

I continue to recognize ingrami by the grayer, less brownish
throat and cheeks and the duller green (less yellowish) under parts
which appear to me to be sufficient to distinguish it.

Garrulax lanceolata lanceolata (Verreaux). CHINESE BABAX.

Of this species Stevens secured eight specimens, all taken in
Szechwan : at Ku-lu in April ; at Wu-shi in May ; and at Trashi-cho-ten
in August 1929.

I am now, having examined much material, wholly in accord with
Rothschild and with Stuart Baker in considering lanceolata, yun-
nanensis and bonvaloti all the same. In the present series the wing
length ranges from 96 to 113. I feel sure that some of the specimens
have had the sex wrongly determined; if not, the great difference in
size between the biggest and the smallest has no bearing on sex.

Garrulax affinis oustaleti (Hartert). OUSTALET'S LAUGHING-
THRUSH.

This form was taken by Stevens in Yunnan and in near-by
stations in Szechwan. Nine specimens in all were secured, as follows :
in Yunnan: second day's march from Nguluko (in the Likiang Range)
March 9. In Szechwan: at Muli in March and April; and on the
march two days before reaching Muli, March 26, 1929.

Garrulax affinis blythii (Verreaux). BLYTH'S LAUGHING-THRUSH.
One very characteristic example was taken in forest while Stevens
was on the march north of Meipeng, Szechwan, 10,100 feet, August
25, 1929.

354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

•

Garrulax ellioti ellioti (Verreaux). ELLIOT'S LAUGHING-THRUSH.

Eighteen specimens are in the collection, as follows: in Yunnan:
at Nguluko in February and at Yung-ning in March 1929. In
Szechwan: on the march three days before reaching Muli in March ;
at Muli in April; at Ku-lu in April; at Itze in April; at Wu-shi in
May; at Baurong in May; at Tiya in April; south of Kwan-chiai
in July; north of Meipeng in August; and at Shih-shah-shi in
October 1929.

Rothschild (Avifauna of Yunnan), after listing both G. e. ellioti
and G. e. yunnanensis (Rippon) in about equal numbers from the
Likiang Range, says "the latter appears to be a very poor subspecies."
I incline to go a little farther still and drop yunnanensis altogether
as indistinguishable from ellioti.

Garrulax formosa (Verreaux). EXQUISITE LAUGHING-THRUSH.
Three skins from Shih-shah-shi, Szechwan, in October 1929.

Garrulax maxima maxima (Verreaux). GIANT LAUGHING-THRUSH.

Thirteen specimens of this fine large species were secured. In
Yunnan it was taken at Nguluko in February and below Fengkou
in March. In Szechwan it was taken at Muli in March; south of
Sugzo in March; at Ku-lu in April; at Saghi in April; at Zumpa in
April; at Wu-shi in May; at Tongola in July; and on the march from
Kwan-chiai in August 1929.

Garrulax ocellata artemisiae (David). CHINESE WHITE-SPOTTED
LAUGHING-THRUSH.

At Shih-shah-shi, Szechwan, 7,425 feet, on October 6, 1929,
Stevens took four examples of this uncommon species and lost a fifth.

Garrulax lunulata (Verreaux). LUNULATED LAUGHING-THRUSH.

One male in full molt was shot at the fifth camp north of Meipeng,
at 10,100 feet, August 21, 1929.

This is either an extremely local species, or really very scarce.
Zappey never saw it while he was in western Szechwan, and Weigold
on his much more extended collecting trip in the same region also
failed to find it.

There are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology two old skins
from Tatsienlu that were exchanged from the Paris Museum to
La Touche some years ago.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 355

Garrulax cineracea styani (Oustalet). STYAN'S BABBLER.

Three specimens: a male and a female from Muli, Szechwan,
April 4 and 5, and a female from the Litang Valley below Muli,
April 10, 1929.

All are pale birds with the superciliary line, cheeks and ear coverts
olive gray. They come from that part of Szechwan that is close to
the Yunnan border.

Garrulax cineracea cinereiceps (Styan). GRAY-HEADED BABBLER.

One female from Omeihsien, Szechwan, October 4, 1929.

This specimen is very richly colored with a deep reddish-olive
upper side and chestnut superciliary line, cheeks and ear coverts;
below it is much more deeply colored with a vinaceous cast on the
breast and almost chestnut flanks.

I have followed Rothschild in his treatment of the subspecies,
rather than La Touche, because Rothschild himself was able to
examine the all-important specimens in the British Museum.

The two specimens from Szeno, south Yunnan, both killed in
February and mentioned by both La Touche and Rothschild, are now
lying before me. They both have olive gray superciliaries, cheeks
and ear coverts, the ear coverts a little mixed posteriorly with reddish
olive. They are a little redder below than the birds listed above from
Muli, but distinctly belong with styani, according to La Touche, and
not with cinereiceps where Rothschild listed them in his Avifauna
of Yunnan; whereas the one from Loukouchai, Yunnan, listed by
Phillips and me, which was killed February 6, is an extreme of
cinereiceps with deep chestnut superciliaries, cheeks and ear coverts.
Thus the finding of both forms in southern Yunnan in winter, sug-
gests that one anyway, and possibly both, are migrants or winter
visitors only.

Garrulax sannio Swinhoe. WHITE-CHEEKED BABBLER.

Six specimens of this widespread species are in the collection. All
were taken in Szechwan: at Muli in March and April; and at Sui-fu
in October 1929.

Pomatorhinus ruficollis similis Rothschild. YUNNAN SCIMITAR
BABBLER.

Two males and a female of this form were secured at Muli,
Szechwan, March 30 and April 4, 7, 1929.

356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

The Yunnan bird fauna spreads over this part of Szechwan as
evinced by the presence of this form and many another.

P. r. similis Rothschild is close to P. r. laurentei La Touche in
color, but the bill of laurentei is pink in life, whereas in all other
Chinese forms the bill is yellow.

Pomatorhinus ruficollis eidos Bangs. STEVENS'S SCIMITAR
BABBLER.

Pomatorhinus ruficollis eidos Bangs, Occas. Papers Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 5,
p. 293, June 14, 1930.

Six specimens from Omeihsien, Shih-shah-shi and Sui-fu, Szech-
wan, October 1929. Type No. 68214 Field Museum from Omeihsien.

This new form secured by Stevens in south central Szechwan is
nearest to P. r. styani Seebohm of the lower Yangtze Valley from
Hupeh downstream, but differs in the much deeper, more chestnut
color of the whole upper parts.

Pomatorhinus macclellandi odicus Bangs and Phillips. BANGS'S
SCIMITAR BABBLER.

Seventeen specimens. In Yunnan it was taken at Nguluko in
January and February and at Ao-wah in March 1929; in Szechwan
at Muli in April, at Ku-lu in April and at Baurong in May, at which
place three nearly fully grown juveniles were secured May 2, 1929.

Pomatorhinus macclellandi gravivox David. DAVID'S SCIMITAR
BABBLER.

One male and one female, the former from Yulong-kong south
of Tatsienlu, Szechwan, June 27, the latter from below Tienta,
Szechwan, August 21, 1929.

Alcippornis nipalensis yunnanensis Harington. YUNNAN
QUAKER-THRUSH.

Two adult females taken at Muli, Szechwan, April 2, 1929.

Fulvetta cinereiceps cinereiceps (Verreaux). GRAY-HEADED TIT
BABBLER.

One female taken at Shih-shah-shi, Szechwan, October 7, 1929.

Fulvetta vinipecta bieti (Oustalet). BIET'S TIT BABBLER.

Eleven specimens of this species were taken by Stevens from the
following places: in Yunnan at Nguluko in February, usually at

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA— BANGS 357

about 10,000 feet. In Szechwan at Ku-lu in April; at Wu-shi in
May; north of Trashi-cho-ten in August 1929.

Fulvetta ruficapilla sordidior (Rippon). RIPPON'S TIT BABBLER.
Thirteen specimens taken as follows: in Yunnan at Nguluko in
January and February and at Ao-wah in March 1929; in Szechwan
at Muli in March and April and at Baurong in May 1929.

Fulvetta striaticollis (Verreaux). STRIPE-BREASTED TIT BABBLER.
Stevens took nine specimens from Szechwan. These were secured
at Chi-li in May, at Ku-lu in April, and on the march from Kwan-
chiai in August 1929.

Moupinia poecilotis poecilotis (Verreaux). SZECHWAN TIT

BABBLER.

One adult male from Shuang-yeu north of Trashi-cho-ten, Szech-
wan, August 4, 1929.

Moupinia poecilotis sordidior Rothschild. YUNNAN TIT

BABBLER.

One adult female was taken in Yunnan at Yung-ning March 19,
1929.

Schoeniparus dubius genestieri (Oustalet). GENESTIER'S TIT

BABBLER.

In Yunnan one female was taken at Nguluko February 16, 1929,
and in Szechwan five adults, both sexes, at Muli in March and April
1929.

Stachyrhidopsis ruficeps davidi Oustalet. CHINESE RED-HEADED

BABBLER.

One specimen, sex not determined, in full molt, taken at Sui-fu,
Szechwan, October 16, 1929.

Leioptila desgodinsi (David and Oustalet). DESGODINS'S SIBIA.

There are five adults in the collection which were taken at the
following places: in Yunnan at Nguluko in February 1929; in Szech-
wan at the third camp below the Pass south of Sugzo in March, and
at Muli in April 1929.

Siva strigula y unnanensis Rothschild. YUNNAN STRIPE-THROATED

SIVA.

Five skins are in the collection. Four of these are from Yunnan,
taken at Nguluko in February and south of Ao-wah in March; and
one from Muli, Szechwan, April 2, 1929.

358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Yuhina diademata diademata (Verreaux). VERREAUX'S YUHINA.

Three specimens were taken at Nguluko, Yunnan, in February,
four examples at Muli, Szechwan, in April, and one at Baurong,
Szechwan, May 6, 1929, in badly abraded plumage.

Two skins, in excessively faded plumage, were collected near
Tienta, Szechwan, August 21, 1929, and on geographical grounds
must be true diademata.

Yuhina occipitalis obscurior Rothschild. DARK-CRESTED

YUHINA.

Two females were taken from Yunnan, one on the fourth day's
march from Nguluko, at 11,100 feet, March 11; the other at Yi-
ship-po, at 9,000 feet, March 14, 1929.

Leiothrix lutea lutea (Scopoli). RED-BILLED LIOTHRIX.

One single specimen, in molting condition, of the Japanese Robin
was preserved. This was taken, while Stevens was on the march,
from a high ridge south of Mouping, September 16, 1929.

Pteruthius xanthochloris pallidus (David). PALE SHRIKE

BABBLER.

Three adult females taken from Szechwan, two from Muli,
April 2, and one from a high ridge south of Mouping, September
16, 1929.

Nannus troglodytes talifuensis (Sharpe). TALIFU WREN.

Six adults from Yunnan and one quite the same from Ku-lu,
Szechwan. In Yunnan it was taken at Nguluko in February, and
one male, in full song, in a ravine at 7,000 feet on the descent to
the Yangtze, March 14, 1929. The one from Ku-lu, Szechwan,
not far from the Yunnan border, taken April 19, if the two forms
are retained as recognizable, belongs here and not with N. t.
szetschuanus (Hartert).

European ornithologists still use the generic name Troglodytes
for this group of wrens. It is quite wrong to do so. The American
group Troglodytes is of tropical origin, of very different habits and
song, structurally not the same and should be kept quite distinct
from the circumpolar genus Nannus.

Ginclus cinclus beicki Meise. BEICK'S DIPPER.

Three adults and three immature (in the white-bellied plumage),
were taken at Nguluko, Yunnan, in February and at Baurong,
Szechwan, in May 1929.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 359

Meise (Orn. Monatsb., 36, September 1928) describes two forms
from China, separating them from C. c. cashmeriensis Gould. These
are Cinclus cinclus beiki from north Kansu and Cinclus cinclus
szetschwanensis from Szechwan. I am absolutely unable to see the
slightest difference between these two supposed forms, but by
combining them it is seen that the Chinese bird is quite different
from cashmeriensis, exactly as Meise points out.

My comparison is based on a suite of twenty-four fully adult
specimens from the following places: Kansu: Richthofen Range, one;
Tao River Valley, two; Choni, two; Minshan Range, one; upper
Jupar Valley, two; Hatebbaland, forest of Wantsang Ku, one.
Szechwan: Tsaupo, two; Baurong, one; Sungpan, one. Yunnan:
Likiang Range, one; Nguluko, two. Kashmir: seven.

Cinclus pallasii souliei Oustalet. SOULIE'S DIPPER.

Stevens made but one skin of the Brown Dipper which is from
Ko-chiai-ho-pa, Mouping, August 22, 1929. He told me, however,
that he saw a good deal of it and noticed that while it often occurred
along the same streams as Cinclus c. beicki, the two were never
found together. The Brown Dipper was seen frequenting the lower
and larger parts of the streams, the White-throated Dipper the
upper and smaller parts.

Prunella collaris berezowskii Serebrowsky. BEREZOWSKI'S

ALPINE ACCENTOR.

One adult female was taken at a point above Yulong-kong,
Szechwan, at 15,000 feet, July 2, 1929.

Prunella fulvescens khamensis Sushkin. KHAM HEDGE
SPARROW.

Five adults including both sexes. These were taken in Szechwan,
at Ku-lu in April and at a point five days' march north of Wu-shi
Pass, at 14,700 feet, June 2, 1929. This record extends the known
range of the form to the southeast and well into the province of
Szechwan.

As Sushkin says (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 38, No. 1, 1925,
pp. 48-55) this is a dark, heavily striped and richly colored form.

Prunella immaculata (Hodgson). MAROON-BACKED HEDGE

SPARROW.

Two adult males, one from Ku-lu, Szechwan, April 17, and the
other from the camp made south of Kwan-chiai, Szechwan, at 14,000
feet, July 27, 1929.

360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Prunella rubeculoides fusca Mayr. DUSKY ROBIN HEDGE
SPARROW.

Stevens took five adults, both sexes, at Ku-lu and near Wu-shi,
Szechwan, in April and June 1929.

As pointed out by Mayr, the Szechwan bird is a good deal darker
than P. rubeculoides rubeculoides of Nepal and Sikkim.

Prunella strophiata multistriata (David). MANY-STRIPED

HEDGE SPARROW.

In this collection there is a series of eighteen skins of this species
which represents the following localities: Yunnan: Nguluko, Febru-
ary; Yung-ning, March; Ao-wah, March; and a point seven days'
march from Nguluko, March 1929. Szechwan: Ku-lu, April; Muli,
March and April; Baurong, May; above Yulong-kong, July; and a
point on the march from Kwan-chiai, August 1929.

Turdus ruficollis ruficollis Pallas. RED-THROATED THRUSH.

Stevens made up thirty-three skins of this species, which swarms
in China in the winter. These were taken from Yunnan, at Nguluko,
in February, at Yung-ning in March and at Ao-wah in March; from
Szechwan, at Ku-lu, in April 1929.

Turdus ruficollis atrogularis Temminck. BLACK-THROATED
THRUSH.

Stevens took one adult male at Nguluko, Yunnan, February 28,
that, like most of the Chinese birds recorded under this name, is
intermediate. It has a wholly black throat and chest with no admix-
ture of red but there is some red in the tail. As it is much nearer
to atrogularis than to ruficollis, I list it as such. I believe it has not
before been taken in Yunnan.

Turdus naumanni eunomus Temminck. DUSKY THRUSH.

Three specimens, a male and two females, taken in Yunnan at
Nguluko, in February 1929.

Turdus castaneus gouldi (Verreaux). GOULD'S THRUSH.

Ten skins including adults of both sexes were taken in Yunnan,
on the third day's march from Nguluko, March 10, and in Szechwan
at Wu-shi, Chi-li and Baurong in May 1929. One juvenile, in spotted
plumage, was taken while Stevens was on the march north from
Meipeng, August 27, 1929.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 361

Turdus kessleri (Przewalski). KESSLER'S THRUSH.

Kessler's Thrush was taken in Yunnan at Nguluko in February
and March and in Szechwan at Ku-lu in April, at Tiya in April and,
a spotted juvenile, at Kwan-chiai July 28, 1929. Eight skins in all.

At Nguluko, Yunnan, the bird was found at 11,000 feet even so
early as February 27 and at Ku-lu, Szechwan, at 12,200 feet, at which
place Stevens shot two birds on April 14 from a large party scattered
over the ground, which was then covered with snow.

Strangely enough the species does not appear to have been taken
in Yunnan before. Stevens got three examples, listed here.

Myiophoneus eugenei Hume. BURMESE WHISTLING THRUSH.

Seven specimens were taken in Szechwan: from Baurong in May;
Ko-chiai-ho-pa in Mouping in August; and above Zuthi in August
1929.

Monticola solitarius pandoo (Sykes). INDIAN BLUE ROCK

THRUSH.
A pair of adults taken at Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 18, 1929.

En!curus leschenaulti sinensis Gould. CHINESE FORKTAIL.

Four adult specimens including both sexes. These were taken
from Yunnan, at Nguluko, in February, at watershed below the
Yangtze Valley and at Yung-ling plain in March; from Szechwan
at Muli in April 1929.

Chaimarrornis leucocephala (Vigors). WHITE-CAPPED RED-
START.

One female of this species was secured in Yunnan at Nguluko,
February 16, 1929. In Szechwan one specimen was taken from each
of the following places: Muli in April; Baurong in May; and Sui-fu
in October 1929.

Phoenicurus hodgsoni (Moore). HODGSON'S REDSTART.

Two adult males were taken in Yunnan, one at Nguluko February
14 and the other at Yung-ning March 19. One adult female was
secured in Szechwan at Muli April 6, 1929.

Phoenicurus auroreus (Pallas). DAURIAN REDSTART.

Two specimens, an adult male from Muli, Szechwan, April 7,
and an adult female from Baurong, Szechwan, May 6, 1929, the latter
said by Stevens to be one of a mated pair.

362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Phoenicurus frontalis Vigors. BLUE-FRONTED REDSTART.

A male and two females were taken in Szechwan at Muli March
30, above Yulong-kong July 2, and at Yong-Ko Pass, 15,000 feet,
April 27, 1929, the latter the female of a mated pair.

Phoenicurus schist iceps (Gray). WHITE-THROATED REDSTART.

Eleven specimens, taken from Yunnan at Nguluko in February,
at Yung-ning and the watershed between Yangtse and Yung-ling
plain in March; in Szechwan at Ku-lu in April 1929.

Rhyacornis fuliginosa fuliginosa (Vigors). PLUMBEOUS RED-
START.

Two females, one from Yung-ning, Yunnan, March 22, and the
other from Baurong, Szechwan, May 5, 1929.

Hodgsonius phoenicuroides ichangensis Baker. CHINESE
SHORT-WING.

Stevens took two males and a female in Szechwan, at Wu-shi in
May and at Shih-shah-shi in October 1929.

The wing in the males is 72 and 73 and in the female 70 mm.,
which is but little less than in the Indian bird H. p. phoenicuroides.

Calliope tschebaiewi Przewalski. TIBETAN RUBY-THROAT.

One adult female was taken at 14,500 feet above Yulong-kong,
Szechwan, July 2, 1929.

lanthia rufilata practica Bangs and Phillips. RED-FLANKED BUSH-
ROBIN.

Two males and two females were taken in Szechwan at Ku-lu in
April and on the third day's march from Muli also in April 1929.

Saxicola torquata przewalskii (Pleske). TURKESTAN BUSH-CHAT.

Four specimens, two males and a female, taken at Yung-ning,
Yunnan, in March and one male from north of the Pass of Hlagong,
Szechwan, 12,500 feet, July 24, 1929.

Rhodophila ferrea haringtoni (Hartert). EASTERN DARK-GRAY
BUSH-CHAT.

Stevens took an adult male at Muli, Szechwan, March 30, and
an adult female at Baurong, Szechwan, May 7, 1929.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 363

Acrocephalus concinens concinens (Swinhoe). CHINESE PADDY-
FIELD WARBLER.
One adult male was taken at Wu-shi, Szechwan, May 14, 1929.

Cisticola juncidis tintinnabulans (Swinhoe). FAN-TAIL

WARBLER.

One male taken on the right bank of the river north of Kiating-fu,
Szechwan, October 10, 1929.

Phylloscopus subaffinis Grant. YELLOW-BELLIED BUSH WARBLER.

Stevens took five specimens of this species, securing them in
Yunnan at Ming-shih January 18, and at Lidjazah March 24; in
Szechwan at Ku-lu April 1929.

Phylloscopus affinis (Tickell). TICKELL'S BUSH WARBLER.

Seven adult specimens which were taken in Szechwan at Ku-lu
and at Yong-Ko Pass, 15,000 feet, in April; at Wu-shi, Baurong and
Baurong Gamba in May 1929.

Phylloscopus armandi (Milne-Edwards). ARMAND'S BUSH
WARBLER.

Thirteen specimens which were taken from Szechwan, at Wu-shi
and Baurong in May, at Yulong-kong and Tatsienlu in June, and
north of Trashi-cho-ten in August 1929.

Phylloscopus maculipennis debilis (Thayer and Bangs).
CHINESE GRAY-FACED WARBLER.

Stevens took one female at Muli, Szechwan, April 2, 1929.

Phylloscopus pulcher vegetus (Bangs). CHINESE ORANGE-
BARRED WARBLER.

There are three males in the collection, two from Ku-lu, Szechwan,
April 14 and 18, and one taken on the march from Kwan-chiai
August 3, 1929.

Phylloscopus proregulus forresti Rothschild. FORREST'S BUSH
WARBLER.

Thirteen specimens were taken from Szechwan: at Ku-lu, second
day's march from Ku-lu and third day's march from Muli in April;
at Wu-shi, at Chi-ti, and at Baurong in May 1929.

364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Phylloscopus proregulus proregulus (Pallas). PALLAS'S WILLOW
WARBLER.

At Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 17, 1929, Stevens secured three
very characteristic examples of Pallas's Willow Warbler, migrants or
winter visitors of course.

Phylloscopus trochiloides Sundevall. DULL GREEN BUSH
WARBLER.

Eight specimens were taken from Szechwan: at Wu-shi, two
days' march from Wu-shi, and at Chi-ti in May; at Kwan-chiai and
at Yulong-kong in July 1929.

Phylloscopus reguloides claudiae (La Touche). CLAUDIA'S
WILLOW WARBLER.

Fifteen specimens, all from Szechwan, taken at Muli in March
and April; below Tiya in April; at Baurong in May; north of Mei-
peng and at Trashi-cho-ten in August 1929.

Abrornis albigularis f ulvif ascies Swinhoe. FULVOUS-FACED FLY-
CATCHER WARBLER.

Two females were taken at Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 17, 1929.

Seicercus burkii valentini (Hartert). BIANCHI'S FLYCATCHER

WARBLER.

Five specimens which were all taken from Szechwan at the follow-
ing places: Wu-shi in May; on the march in forest north of Meipeng
in August; Tu-pa-keo in September; and Sui-fu in October 1929.

Oligura castaneicoronata (Burton). CHESTNUT-HEADED WARBLER.

One male taken at Shih-shah-shi, Szechwan, October 7, 1929.

Rothschild in his Avifauna of Yunnan does not subdivide this
species and I am sure that he is right. The bird Thayer and I
described as grallator has been shown by Hartert to be the same as,
and of course antedated by, dejeani Oustalet, but now, with a fair
amount of material, I fail to see how the Chinese bird differs from
the Indian true castaneicoronata.

Hartert, Stuart Baker and Rothschild all place the genus Oligura
in the Troglodytidae. I cannot agree to this for the bird seems to
me, after careful study, wholly out of place among the wrens. I agree
with Riley (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 39, 1926, p. 56) that Oligura
is a ground warbler (Sylviidae).

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 365

Horeites f ortipes davidiana (Verreaux) . DAVID'S BUSH WARBLER.
One female taken at Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 16, 1929.

Horeites flavolivacea intricatus Hartert. SHAN ABERRANT
WARBLER.

One female taken at Shih-shah-shi, Szechwan, October 7, 1929.

Suya parvirostris La Touche. SMALL-BILLED HILL WARBLER.

Stevens took one male in the mountains north of the Yangtze
in Yunnan, at 8,000 feet, March 15 and three other examples in
neighboring Szechwan, at Muli in April and at Baurong in May 1929.

Suya crinigera catharia (Reichenow). SZECHWAN HILL WARBLER.

One female, in worn plumage, taken on the high ridge south of
Mouping September 16, 1929.

This form although recognized by Stresemann and others, seems
to me very close, perhaps too close, to S. crinigera parumstriata
David and Oustalet.

Prinia inornata exter Thayer and Bangs. YUNNAN WREN

WARBLER.
One female taken from Shang-kuan, Yunnan, January 20, 1929.

Lanius sphenocercus giganteus Przewalski. GIGANTIC GRAY
SHRIKE.

One adult male taken at Ku-lu, Szechwan, April 15, 1929.

I was surprised to see from this region a fine adult male of this
form in rather well-worn plumage, suggesting that it might be
breeding.

Lanius tigrinus Drapiez. THICK-BILLED SHRIKE.

One adult male taken at Baurong, Szechwan, May 2, 1929.

Lanius tephronotus (Vigors). GRAY-BACKED SHRIKE.

Five adult birds. These were taken in Yunnan at Nguluko and
two days' march from that place, February 15 and March 9; in
Szechwan at Itze near Ku-lu in April 1929.

Rothschild thinks that this bird should be considered as a sub-
species of L. schach. I don't like to join together as subspecies two
birds so different as are these two, in size, proportions, color, markings
and other characters.

366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Suthora imicolor canaster Thayer and Bangs. CHINESE BROWN
CROW TIT.

Two adults, male and female, taken at Wu-shi, Szechwan, May
1929.

Suthora alphonsiana alphonsiana Verreaux. ALPHONSE'S CROW
TIT.

Twelve specimens from Kutsa and a point between Zuthi and
Waszekow, Szechwan, were taken in August 1929.

Suthora styani ricketti (Rothschild). RICKETT'S CROW TIT.

Twenty-two specimens, all taken from Szechwan: at Muli in
March and April; in Litang Valley below Muli in April; at Baurong
and Baurong Gamba in May 1929. Stevens reports it as being
abundant and found in little parties or troops in this whole general
region.

I cannot follow Rothschild in considering this bird a subspecies
of the webbiana group. There are too many discrepancies, outstand-
ing among which is the color of the closed wing, which is dull brown
similar to the back, not bright rufous as is the case in all forms of
webbiana. In the color of the wing styani and ricketti are like brunnea
and if they are to be considered subspecies of anything, it must be
of brunnea.

Rothschild, however, says that brunnea and ricketti occur in
Yunnan together and the only course, therefore, is to treat this little
group of two forms, styani and ricketti, as another species distinct
from both brunnea and webbiana.

Parus palustris dejeani Oustalet. DEJEAN'S MARSH TIT.

Eight specimens were secured in Yunnan: at Nguluko in February
and at Yung-ning in March; in Szechwan at Muli in April; and seven
days' march from Ku-lu April 30, 1929.

It would seem too bad to again dig up Lophophanes poecilopsis
Sharpe, type from Chutung, western Yunnan, after the name had
apparently been buried for good by Rothschild in his Avifauna of
Yunnan. Still the birds in the present series differ from our few skins
of P. p. dejeani from middle western Szechwan in being much grayer,
the upper parts clearer gray, less brownish gray and the sides and
flanks much paler and much less brownish gray. Perhaps these dif-
ferences will not prove to hold good, but, if they do, then Parus

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA— BANGS 367

paltistris poecilopsis (Sharpe) must come into use for the form of
Yunnan and extreme southwest Szechwan.

Parus songarus weigoldicus Kleinschmidt. WEIGOLD'S WILLOW

TIT.

Five skins were taken in Szechwan: at Ku-lu April 29; Wu-shi and
Chi-ti in May; Yulong-kong in June; and north of Hlagong, July
1929.

Parus davidi (Berezowski and Bianchi). DAVID'S TIT.

Stevens took five Pere David's titmice in a forest he passed
while on the march north of Meipeng, Szechwan, at about 10,000
feet, August 25, 26, 1929,

Parus dichrous wells! Stuart Baker. WELLS'S TIT.

Two adult males were taken at Nguluko, Yunnan, in February
and one female at Ku-lu, Szechwan, April 17, 1929.

Parus dichrous dichroides (Przewalski). PRZEWALSKI'S CRESTED

TIT.

Two specimens, a male from Ying-kuan-chiai, Szechwan, July
15, and a female from south of Kwan-chiai, July 27, 1929.

Parus rufonuchalis beavani (Jerdon). BEAVAN'S BLACK-
THROATED TIT.

Stevens took eight examples in all. In Yunnan he got it at
Nguluko and six days' march from that place in March; in Szechwan
at Ku-lu in April, north of Wu-shi in May, south of Kwan-chiai in
July, and on the march from Kwan-chiai in August 1929.

Parus ater aemodius Hodgson. HIMALAYAN COAL TIT.

Two females, one taken from Nguluko, Yunnan, February 22 and
the other from Wu-shi, Szechwan, May 20, 1929.

Parus monticolus yunnanensis La Touche. YUNNAN MOUNTAIN
TIT.

Six examples are in the collection. These were taken from
Nguluko, Yunnan, in February and from Muli, Wu-shi, Tu-pa-keo
and the high ridge south of Meipeng, Szechwan, from April to
September 1929.

I now feel quite sure that if P. m. yunnanensis is recognized, then
all birds from Yunnan, Szechwan and Hupeh must be referred to it.
It is not, however, a strongly marked form.

368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Parus major tibetanus Hartert. TIBETAN TIT.

Thirteen specimens were secured. In Yunnan it was taken at
Nguluko and on the second day's march from Nguluko in February
and March; in Szechwan at Muli in March and April, at Tatsienlu
in June, and north of Trashi-cho-ten in August 1929.

Peters and I (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, 1928, p. 362) have
already refused to recognize Parus m. subtibetanus Kleinsch. and
Weig., type locality Tatsienlu, as being quite indistinguishable from
tibetanus.

Parus major artatus Thayer and Bangs. NORTH CHINA TIT.

At Sui-fu in the river valley, in extreme south central Szechwan,
Stevens took five examples of this form.

Aegithaliscus concinnus talifuensis Rippon. RIPPON'S RED-
HEADED TIT.

Two females were taken in the hills, 8,200 feet, on the left bank
of the Yangtze, south of Ao-wah, Yunnan, March 15, 1929.

Aegithaliscus concinnus concinnus (Gould). RED-HEADED TIT.
Three specimens, two males and a female, from Sui-fu, Szechwan,
all taken October 17, 1929.

Aegithaliscus bonvaloti (Oustalet). BONVALOT'S TIT.

Fourteen specimens. In Yunnan it was taken at Nguluko in
February and at Yung-ning and Lidjazah in March 1929. In
Szechwan it was gotten on the march two days before reaching
Muli in March; at Ku-lu and on the seventh day's march from Ku-lu
in April; and north of Trashi-cho-ten in August 1929.

Aegithalos caudatus vinaceus (Verreaux). VINACEOUS TIT.

A pair was taken at Nguluko, Yunnan, at 9,300 feet February 4,
1929, where, Stevens's notes say, it occurred in pairs in the pine
forest.

These are very characteristic examples of the large, long-tailed,
pale-bellied form with deep vinous flanks and under tail coverts.
In the male the wing is 64 and the tail 72; in the female the wing
is 67 and the tail 73.

Regulus regulus yunnanensis Rippon. YUNNAN GOLDCREST.

Stevens took eleven specimens at Nguluko, Yunnan, in February,
also one at Ku-lu and one on the third day's march after leaving
Muli, Szechwan, in April 1929.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA— BANGS 369

Sitta europaea nebulosa La louche. CHINESE MOUNTAIN NUT-
HATCH.

Thirteen specimens in all were secured. In Yunnan it was taken
at Nguluko and on the fifth day's march from there, in February and
March. In Szechwan it was taken at Muli and on the third day's
march from Muli in April; at Wu-shi in May; and, one male, at the
fifth camp north of Meipeng, 10,000 feet, August 21, 1929. The
latter bird had nearly completed the molt and was in the reddish-
bellied phase in which the lower parts are almost as deep rusty as in
S. e. sinensis Verreaux. In this phase nebulosa can always be distin-
guished by other characters and the chin is rusty like the rest of the
under parts, not whitish as in sinensis.

Sitta yunnanensis Grant. YUNNAN NUTHATCH.

Five adults, both sexes, were taken in Yunnan at Nguluko and
on the third day's march from Nguluko in February and March 1929.

Certhia familiaris khamensis Bianchi. KHAM TREE CREEPER.

Four specimens were taken at the following places: one from
Nguluko, Yunnan, February 24; one from near Ku-lu, Szechwan,
April 24; one from Hadja-tungoo, Szechwan, June 1; and one from
Shih-shah-shi, Szechwan, October 7, 1929.

Certhia himalayensis yunnanensis Sharpe. YUNNAN TREE
CREEPER.

Four skins are in the collection. These were taken in Yunnan
near Nguluko and at Lidjazah in March; in Szechwan, seven days'
march from Ku-lu April 30, and at Wu-shi May 24, 1929.

Tichodroma muraria (Linne"). WALL CREEPER.

One adult female taken while on the march in a rocky gorge in
Mouping September 13, 1929.

Zosterops simplex simplex Swinhoe. CHINESE WHITE-EYE.

A single adult female white-eye was taken at Muli, Szechwan,
April 5, 1929.

Aethopyga dabryi Verreaux. DABRY'S SUNBIRD.

Seven males of this beautiful sunbird were secured in Szechwan;
at Muli in April, Yatsa in April, and Baurong in May 1929.

370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

In 1925, Riley (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, 1925, p. 11)
described a specimen from Hupeh as new as A. d. bangsi. The sup-
posed differences upon which he based the form are simply degrees
of individual variation. In a series of fifty-four males in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, the characters that he used to separate
bangsi of Hupeh from dabryi of Szechwan can be found among skins
from any part of the range of the species.

Motacilla lugubris alboides Hodgson. HODGSON'S WAGTAIL.

Seven specimens, adults of both sexes and one immature male.
Yunnan: Yu-ship-po and Yung-ning, March 1929. Szechwan: Ton-
gola, July, and Sui-fu, October 1929.

I am delighted to follow Stuart Baker in separating the black and
white wagtails into several specific groups. This arrangement
simplifies matters much.

Budytes citreola calcarata (Hodgson). WEIGOLD'S YELLOW-
HEADED WAGTAIL.

Three adult males of this long-billed form were taken in Szechwan
on the march north of Hlagong and at a point south of Kwan-chiai
in July 1929. B. c. weigoldi Reinsch is not now regarded as distinct
(cf. La Touche, Handbook, 1930, p. 415).

Anthus hodgsoni Richmond. EASTERN TREE PIPIT.

Three specimens, all females, were taken in Szechwan: one from
Muli, March; one from Yulong-kong, July; and one from Sui-fu,
October.

Anthus roseatus Hodgson. ROSEATE PIPIT.

Eleven specimens in all were taken. In Yunnan the species was
secured at Nguluko in February and at Yung-ning in March 1929.
In Szechwan, at Ku-lu in April; at Baurong in May; and at Yulong-
kong in July 1929.

Anthus spinoletta japonicus Temminck and Schlegel. JAPANESE

WATER PIPIT.

One very characteristic example of this dark race was taken at
Nguluko, Yunnan, February 14, 1929. I believe this is the first
record for this pipit for Yunnan.

Eremophila alpestris khamensis (Bianchi). KHAM SHORE LARK.

Eight specimens, adults of both sexes and one juvenile, were taken

in Szechwan at altitudes ranging between 13,500 and 14,700 feet, at

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA — BANGS 371

Hlagong in July; at a point five days' march north of Hadja-tungoo
Pass in June; and south of Tai-ling in July 1929. The one young,
about two-thirds grown, was killed at Hlagong, July 22, 1929.

Alauda arvensis inopinata Bianchi. BIANCHI'S SKY LARK.

Four sky larks from central Szechwan, including one juvenile,
apparently belong to this form. These were taken at Tai-ling,
Kwan-chiai, Ying-kuan-chiai and at a point north of Hlagong, all
in July 1929 and at altitudes ranging from 12,875 to 14,000 feet.

They are in much abraded and well-worn midsummer plumage
and the wing tip is consequently shortened. The wing in its present
condition in the three adult males is as follows: 105, 107, 108.

Alauda arvensis weigoldi Hartert. WEIGOLD'S SKY LARK.

Thirteen specimens, both sexes, were taken in Yunnan at Nguluko
in January and February and at Yung-ning in March; in Szechwan
just across the border from Yunnan at Ku-lu in April 1929.

These skins are all referable to the larger form weigoldi, which is
slightly larger than coelivox, the bird of south China. In the present
series the wing length in the males is: 99, 100, 100, 100, 102, 103,
103, 104, 104. In the females: 98, 99, 101, 102. The race, however,
does not seem to be well marked.

Ghloris sinica sinica (Linne"). CHINESE GREENFINCH.

Two specimens, one male, one sex undetermined, Szechwan,
Sui-fu, October 18, 1929.

Eophona migratoria sowerbyi Riley. SOWERBY'S BLACK-TAILED
HAWFINCH.

Six examples, three males, three females, Szechwan, Sui-fu,
October 18, 1929.

After examining a long series of skins I cannot find any constant
character by which sowerbyi can be separated from pulla, and am
wholly of the opinion that they represent one and the same sub-
species. However, sowerbyi Riley 1915 must stand and pulla Pennard
1919, which was given as a substitute name for melanura, preoccupied,
must lapse into synonymy.

Perissospiza carnipes carnipes (Hodgson). WHITE-WINGED GROS-
BEAK.

Four specimens, two males and two females. These were taken
m Szechwan after crossing the Yong-Ko, in coniferous forest at 14,500
feet, on April 27, 1929.

372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Perissospiza icteroides affinis (Blyth). ALLIED GROSBEAK.

Thirteen specimens, adults of both sexes, Szechwan: Ku-lu, Itze
camp and valley beyond (running north and south) ; and about two
or three days' march from Ku-lu, April 19-25, 1929.

The males in this series vary much in their body color. Four
are yellow but three are of a deep orange on the rump and whole
under parts below the black throat, the orange color not much paler
than that of the hind neck.

Fringilla montifringilla Linne". BRAMBLING.

Four examples, two males and a female from Yunnan, Nguluko,
February 15, 20, 21, 1929, and one female from Szechwan, Baurong,
May 6, 1929.

Procarduelis rubescens saturatior Rothschild. DARK ROSE
FINCH.

One fine adult male was taken in the forest at 9,800 feet while
Stevens was on the march from his fifth camp north of Meipeng,
August 25, 1929.

Garduelis ambiguus Oustalet. YUNNAN GREENFINCH.

Two males and a female were secured in Yunnan, two at Nguluko,
February 24 and one two days' march from that place March 9, 1929.

My own preference is to combine Carduelis, Spinus and Astra-
galiniLS but to keep Acanthis. Both Rothschild and Hartert feel that
Acanthis should also be merged with the others to form one large
genus.

Acanthis flavirostris miniakensis Jacobi. MINIAKI TWITE.

Two examples, male and female, were taken July 14, 1929, south
of Ying-kuan-chiai at 13,000 feet.

Although in much abraded midsummer plumage, making positive
identification difficult, I believe these skins are referable to
miniakensis.

Leucosticte nemoricola nemoricola (Hodgson). HODGSON'S
MOUNTAIN FINCH.

Stevens collected twenty-one examples of this species. In Yunnan
he took it at Nguluko in March 1929 and in Szechwan at Tai-ling
in July 1929 and Ku-lu in April 1929.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA— BANGS 373

Erythrina erythrina roseata (Blyth). INDIAN ROSE FINCH.

Two males, one in full rosy plumage and the other similar in color
to the female: Szechwan, Tatsienlu, June 4, and Yulong-kong, south
of Tatsienlu, July 29, 1929.

The type locality of roseata is Nepal. I have seen no skins from
there, but birds from Sikkim, which I suppose must be the same,
I am wholly unable to distinguish in any way from birds of the
mountains of central China, Hupeh, Szechwan, Kansu, etc. I there-
fore for the present at least do not recognize Erythrina erythrina
setshuanica Stantschinsky (J. F. 0., April 1929, p. 311).

In spite of Berlioz's plea (Bull, du Mus., 1929, p. 132) that we
should return to Carpodacus as the generic name of the rosy finches,
I still adhere for the present at least to Erythrina, believing that the
proper name by which these birds must be known is still somewhat
in doubt.

Erythrina rubicilloides rubicilloides Przewalski. KANSU GREAT

ROSE FINCH.

Seven specimens, three rosy males, three females and one male
in plumage like the female. Szechwan: Itze April, Saghi April and
Ku-lu April 1929 at altitudes between 11,700 and 13,700 feet.

Erythrina thura feminina (Rippon). YUNNAN WHITE-BROWED
ROSE FINCH.

Twenty-four specimens, adult males and females and several
young males in plumage similar to the female. In Yunnan, Stevens
took the species at Nguluko in February and March and in Szechwan
at Ku-lu in April, Itze in April, Chi-ti in May, Wu-shi in May, near
Sugzo in March, and Tiya in April 1929.

All skins from Szechwan, a very large series, that I have examined
belong to the dark-backed form feminina, and are not in any way
different from birds from Yunnan. Years ago Thayer and I referred
the birds collected by Zappey to dubia; this, however, is not correct;
they like the others are really feminina. All the birds, twenty-four
in number, collected by Rock in Kansu belong to the pale-backed
and easily separated dubia. Just where the region of intergradation
between these two races lies, I do not know.

Erythrina pulcherrima argyrophrys (Berlioz). SILVERY-BROWED

ROSE FINCH.

Thirty-eight specimens, adults of both sexes and males in plumage
similar to that of the female. In Yunnan Stevens took the species

374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

at Yung-ning in March and at Nguluko in February and March. In
Szechwan he secured specimens at Ku-lu in April, Itze in April,
Wu-shi in May, Baurong in May, Muli in March and April, Kwan-
chiai in July and west of Ying-kuan-chiai in July 1929.

Peters and I (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, 1928, p. 374) were,
I think, the first to show that two very distinct species were in
central and western China, confused under one name. We, however,
on account of lack of necessary material for comparison were forced
to hold one under the name pulcherrima and call the other davidiana.
Soon afterwards Berlioz (Bull, du Mus., 1929, p. 130) pointed out
that we were wrong and named the long-winged bird as above. Still
more recently Stresemann (Orn. Mon., 38, 1930, p. 72) reviewed this
group of rosy finches and named the bird with the short wing tip, eos.

Stevens's experience in western Szechwan, like that of others who
have collected there, was to find both this and the next species, eos,
together in the breeding season. The two are easily distinguished
by both color and size.

Erythrina eos Stresemann.

Sixteen specimens, adults of both sexes and immatures, were
secured in Szechwan at Wu-shi in May, Lanepa in May, Tiya in
April, and Tatsienlu in June 1929.

Erythrina verreauxi (David and Oustalet). VERREAUX'S ROSE
FINCH.

Eleven specimens, adults of both sexes, were taken in Szechwan,
at Muli in March and April and Litang Valley in April 1929.

Berlioz has shown (Bull, du Mus., 1929, p. 131) that Erythrina
ripponi of Sharpe is a pure synonym of E. verreauxi (David and
Oustalet). I wholly agree with his conclusions.

Erythrina vinacea vinacea (Verreaux). VINACEOUS ROSE FINCH.
Stevens secured two females only of this species, both at Omei-
hsien, Shih-Shu, Szechwan, October 6, 7, 1929.

Erythrina trifasciata trifasciata (Verreaux). THREE-BANDED

ROSE FINCH.

A single adult male was taken "in forest on march" south of
Kwan-chiai, Szechwan, August 3, 1929.

Loxia curvirostra hi ma lay en sis Blyth. HIMALAYAN CROSSBILL.

Stevens took three adult males and one adult female and six

immatures of both sexes in striped plumage. These were taken in

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA— BANGS 375

Yunnan six days' march from Nguluko in coniferous forest at 12,500
feet, April 1929; in Szechwan at Hadja-tungoo June, and on the
second day's march from Mi-ling, at 10,000 feet, in April 1929.

All the specimens in the present series are slightly larger than
those I have before seen from Yunnan and Szechwan. In color,
however, they are similar and the somewhat larger size falls within
the limits of variation of the form as given by Stuart Baker. The
wing length of the adult males is 91, 88, 89; of the female 86.

Pyrrhula erythaca altera Rippon. YUNNAN BULLFINCH.

Nine specimens in all were secured and these were taken at the
following stations: Yunnan near Nguluko March 9, one adult male,
and on the fourth day's march from that place a male and a female
March 11, 1929. In Szechwan at Muli and Ku-lu, just over the
Yunnan boundary, three males and a female, April; at Wu-shi, one
female, May; and between Meipeng and Tu-pa-keo one female,
August 1929.

After a most careful study of the long series of Chinese bull-
finches in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in connection with
the present set, I am thoroughly convinced that one form only
occurs in Yunnan, Szechwan, Hupeh and Kansu.

I have seen one skin only, an adult male, from the Tsin-ling
Mountains and so cannot speak authoritatively on Pyrrhula ery-
thaca taipaishanensis Rothschild. In his original description Roths-
child does not compare his new form with altera, which leaves one
wholly in doubt as to how he thought it differed from that form,
and his characters do not sound very convincing. It may be that
taipaishanensis is a local form confined to the Tsin-ling Mountains.
I can say, however, that, aside from individual variation, which is
great among the males, I can find no differences whatever in skins
from Yunnan through Szechwan to Hupeh and Kansu.

In his Hand Book of the Birds of Eastern China (part 4, 1927,
p. 307), La Touche places P. e. taipaishanensis Rothschild as a
synonym of P. e. wilderi Riley. This is, I think, wrong. There
is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology a fine pair of adults of
wilderi from the type locality, the Eastern Tombs. It (wilderi) is
quite different from the other races and can be told at once by its
small size and tiny bill. It was probably always a very local form,
and now, unfortunately, on account of the destruction of the forest,
is threatened with extinction.

376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Uragus sibiricus lepidus David and Oustalet. LONG-TAILED ROSE

FINCH.

Twenty-one specimens, adults of both sexes and immatures,
were secured as follows: Yunnan, Nguluko, February. Szechwan,
Muli, April; Baurong, May; and Wu-shi, May 1929.

Emberiza pusilla Pallas. LITTLE BUNTING.

Two males, one from Yangtze Valley, Yunnan, March 14; the
other from Yung-ning, Yunnan, March 22, 1929.

Emberiza f ucata f ucata Pallas. SIBERIAN GRAY-HEADED BUNTING.
One female was taken at Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 17, 1929.

Emberiza elegans elegantula Swinhoe. SWINHOE'S YELLOW-
THROATED BUNTING.

Six specimens, both sexes, taken at Yung-ning, Yunnan, in
March and at Muli and near Sugzo, Szechwan, in March 1929.

Emberiza godlewskii yunnanensis Sharpe. YUNNAN BUNTING.
Stevens took ten specimens including both sexes of the Yunnan
Bunting, in Yunnan. These he got at Nguluko and on the march
from that place a few days, in January, February and March; at
Yung-ning in March 1929.

Emberiza godlewskii omissa Rothschild. NEGLECTED BUNTING.
Two specimens from Szechwan, a male from Wu-shi, May 15
and a female from north of Ying-kuan-chiai, July 16, 1929, both
in much abraded plumage, I refer to this form. Sushkin brought
the range of his E. g. khamensis to include parts of western Szechwan,
but I must confess that the skins from Szechwan that he labeled
"khamensis" in the collection of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, I am unable to tell from omissa.

Uroloncha striata squamicollis Sharpe. CHINESE WHITE-BACKED

MUNIA.

One female from Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 17, 1929.

Passer montanus obscuratus Jacobi. CHINESE TREE SPARROW.
Twenty-seven specimens were secured as follows. Yunnan:
Ao-wah, March; Yung-ning, March; and Nguluko, February 1929.
Szechwan: Ku-lu, April; Baurong, May; Muli, April; Chen-tze,
May; Sui-fu, October; and north of Ying-kuan-chiai, July 1929.

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA— BANGS 377

The Tree Sparrow of south and southwest Yunnan is P. m.
malaccensis, as has been pointed out by Rothschild, but the bird
in the parts of Yunnan visited by Stevens is like that of Szechwan,
Hupeh, etc., and belongs to the decidedly unsatisfactory subspecies
obscuratus, which is barely, if at all, separable from P. m. montanus
of Europe.

Passer rutilans rutilans (Temminck). RUDDY SPARROW.

At Baurong, Szechwan, 8,100 feet, Stevens took two males in
May that are wholly gray below, and three females that are inter-
mediate in color between this and the next form. At a point north-
of Kutsa, Szechwan, August 17, 1929, he took one female of the
rutilans type of coloration. Other specimens from Baurong secured
at the same altitude and also in May are very yellow below. There-
fore here would appear to be one region of intergradation between
the two forms.

Passer rutilans intensior Rothschild. YUNNAN RUDDY SPARROW.

Fourteen specimens: Yunnan, Nguluko, February. Szechwan,
Baurong, May, and Ku-lu, April 1929.

P. m. intensior is very little different from P. rutilans dnnamomeus
of India, but, if recognized, birds from the mountain ranges of
Szechwan must be referred to it.

Dicrurus leucophaeus hopwoodi Stuart Baker. HOPWOOD'S
DRONGO.

A single adult male was taken by Stevens at Baurong, Szechwan,
May 2, 1929.

This is a very large individual with a wing of 153 mm. and
therefore up to the extreme size reached by this, the biggest of
the races of leucophaeus. I think hopwoodi has not before been
recorded from Szechwan.

Corvus corax tibetanus Hodgson. TIBETAN RAVEN.

A pair of ravens was secured at a point north of Hlagong, Szech-
wan, at 13,500 feet, July 21, 1929. The wing of the male is 472
and that of the female 451 mm.

Corvus coronoides mengtszensis La Touche. MENGTSZ JUNGLE

CROW.

One adult male from Wu-shi, Szechwan, taken May 18, 1929,
exactly matches La Touche's male type, with the dark and intense
under parts of that form.

378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. XVIII

Southwest Szechwan would therefore appear to lie within the
range of mengtszensis, if that race can be maintained, which seems
doubtful.

Corvus corone orientalis Eversmann. EASTERN CARRION CROW.

One juvenile of the Carrion Crow was secured at a point north
of Kwan-chiai, Szechwan, July 28, 1929.

This bird except for wings and tail was wholly in the dead black
juvenile plumage, with none of the glossy feathers of the adult
appearing anywhere. On geographical grounds it is referable to
orientalis as C. c. yunnanensis, if recognizable at all, is, so far as we
know, confined to tropical southwest Yunnan.

Corvus torquatus Lesson. COLLARED CROW.

One adult male from Sui-fu, Szechwan, October 18, 1929.

Corvus dauuricus dauuricus Pallas. DAURIAN JACKDAW.

Six specimens, both sexes and all adult. Five are in the pied
and one in the black phase. These were taken at Yung-ning, Yunnan,
in March and at Wu-shi, Szechwan, in May 1929.

One bird taken at Yung-ning, March 20, has a bill that is crossed
exactly similar to the bill of a crossbill. It was, however, healthy
and apparently able to provide for itself.

Nucifraga caryocatactes macella Thayer and Bangs. YUNNAN
NUTCRACKER.

One adult male was taken at Nguluko, Yunnan, February 20,
1929.

Rothschild in his Avifauna of Yunnan still holds to N. c. yun-
nanensis Ingram as the name for the Yunnan Nutcracker. I, how-
ever, am unable to find any characters by which to distinguish skins
from Hupeh, Szechwan, Kansu and Yunnan.

Pica pica serica Gould. CHINESE MAGPIE.

Six specimens were taken as follows: in Yunnan at Yung-ning
in March and at Nguluko (date omitted) ; in Szechwan at Muli in
March and at Sui-fu in October 1929.

Pica pica bottanensis Delessert. BLACK-RUMPED MAGPIE.

One adult female with a black rump and a wing of 238 mm.
was taken at 14,500 feet, five days' march from Wu-shi, Szechwan,

1932 BIRDS OF WESTERN CHINA— BANGS 379

June 2, 1929, and an immature female with a wing of 237 mm.
was shot at a point south of Kwan-chiai, August 1, 1929, at 12,500
feet.

The long wing and long, strong tarsus of bottanensis always serve
to distinguish it from serica, but in all of the skins of bottanensis
I have examined I can find a trace or an indication of a white rump
band by disturbing the feathers of the rump.

Urocissa erythrorhyncha erythrorhyncha (Boddaert). RED-
BILLED MAGPIE.

Six specimens. These were taken in Yunnan at Nguluko, male
and female February 7, and in Szechwan at Muli in March and
April 1929.

Stevens told me that, much to his surprise, he saw jays (Garrulus)
but twice during the whole course of his travels and both times was
unable to shoot one.

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax himalayanus (Gould). HIMALAYAN

RED-BILLED CHOUGH.

Stevens collected nine choughs. In Yunnan he took specimens at
Nguluko in February and at Yung-ning in March 1929; in Szechwan
at Wu-shi in May 1929.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA

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