y a | 1 be
af’ Ye VAL say oo
Ait A ete
| oe
| ; ‘ y
A
j
tee 7
1" i ©,
Me i / -
" ah’
ee
” .
> ioe
Ri)
BOOK
OF
VETERINARY DOSES
THERAPEGVTIC. “TERMS .
AND
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
BY
PIERRE A, FISH, D.Sc., D.V.M.
il
Professor of Veterinary Physiology
New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University
FOURTH EDITION
REVISED AND ENLARGED
CARPENTER & CO.
ITHACA, N. Y.
1912
COPYRIGHTS 61912
CARPENTER & CO.
‘ 8B
€ c.4312272
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.
The desire of the writer to place before the
veterinary students and profession a convenient
and ready reference to information concerned
with dosage, prescription writing, incompati-
bility and antidotes for poisons, etc., has ap-
parently been fulfilled by the call for a fourth
edition.
In the present edition a few tables and points
of physiologic interest have been added, which,
it is hoped, will increase the value of the work.
Care has been taken to minimize errors as
far as possible. Wherever they have crept in, —
the writer would be grateful for any informa-
tion to that effect and furthermore would wel-
come any suggestions for improvement.
Jan. 1912. as Abe Oe
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DosaterOrveesolroey. as se. sa ec-s eo bee ee 5
Pharmacepocial* Changes . << i ac~ ahs ectakas wtece if
Veterinary (DOSES. ii...» 2 Goubenaein a, meee vi 14
Therapeutic TETIMS . anes See ee ek ee al
Termination, of -Medieab Perms. -”.. ...2-.,. 64
PresenriprioOne Sy TIGiN Bee eerie. ss «abe ee ee 68
Weiehts “alte Weasumesmre cee ot... skeet yes 83
The Principles of Combining Drugs in a
PYEGCRPR PIES fos7) ., Se nels ete ee as wanes 86
Examples of Prescriptions da cae ican i 90
Thermometric FWiquivalents: «2.2. 6.0) fore us 99
Deliquescent and Efflorescent Salts....... 101
Latin Words and Phrases with Abbrevia-
tions and English Equivalents.......... 102
LD COM PAT ha ts aed ase wl ate. oa eay See 110
Examples of Incompatibility in Prescrip-
TONG oxo, Se 3 Sc tert WTA a © algae Sys a ane, 136
Poisons and their ANPigOteske 6 fei es 144
Classification of Medicines according to
their Physiolezic “AcCHORB2 mince sce & oe ee 164
Physiological Points for Practitioners..... 181
Pages for Selected Prescriptions........... 186
DOSAGE OR POSOLOGY
The most accurate system of dosage is to
administer a given weight of medicine per kilo-
gram or pound weight of the animal. Although
this is frequently done in experimental work,
the practice is attended with so much incon-
venience when applied to the routine of the
practitioner that the system is, for ordinary
purposes, regarded as impracticable. A more
or less arbitrary method is adopted by fixing
the amount to be given to the different animals.
Except, perhaps, in the case of powerful medi-
cines or poisons, there is considerable latitude
allowed in the amount of the doses. In veteri-
nary practice the dose for the horse is com-
monly taken as the standard and the doses of
the other domestic animals may be reckoned
from this. As for example:
If the dose for the horse is 1 (Say 2 ounces)
the dose fer the cow would be 14 ( “ 3 eaters
Sheep and goat SS et eae Maree LES )
Swine yi Rad LEO asses <a)
Dog Sea rl ane
Cat ay Relea 2
In general the dose for the dog is about the
same as the human dose, but the size of the dog
must be considered. Reckoning from the dose
for the dog or man as the standard; the pig
would take twice as much, the sheep and goat
three times as much, the horse sixteen times as
much and the cow twenty-four times as much.
The dose for the cat is usually one-half as much
as for the dog. In many cases the dose for the
horse and cow would be the same; the higher
dose for the cow is usually recommended on the
6
ground of a slower rate of absorption because of
the compound stomach and a larger mass of
food with which the medicines mix before ab-
sorption may occur.
In the list of doses which follows, the horse
and cow have been placed in the same group,
and the sheep and the swine have been placed
in a group by themselves. The dose given in
either case is the average dose, but from the
explanation just given, the dose, in most in-
stances, may be increased somewhat for either
the cow or the sheep.
In a general way che doses of different prepa-
rations of drugs for the horse may be given
upon the following basis. If there is error in
this classification, it is upon the safe and con-
servative side of too little rather than too
much. Poisons and powerful medicines are, of
course, an exception.
GN Ge xtra GhSt.. eer etic eet one fluidram
Powders: (not alkaloids) .....<.%. one dram
BUSHEL CGE STs brscte ek TN a? eee one fiuid ounce
Hypodermics of alkaloids are given usually at
one-half the dose by mouth. Intravenous doses
one-half or two-thirds of the hypodermic dose.
Rectal doses should be the same as those given
by the mouth. In the following tables the doses
are intended for administration by mouth unless
otherwise stated.
On account of idiosyncrasy or individual sus-
ceptibility, it is safer in the case of new or
powerful drugs, to try the minimum doses first
and if the physiologic effects are not produced,
gradually lead up to the maximum doses.
‘PABPUL}s 94} JO SULIBMO] 10 SUISIeI 9} 10] puv}s SUSIS — pue + dT s~
*pivpueys 7vp2070y70 ON x
oh % GT %E'l ‘UISed
— 8[QN[OS-19q IA
oe % 08 % GL ‘UIsad
ae 8[GN[OS-[OYOolL Vy deer
SPIO[VNLV % OZ. palepueys ON oBood]
SPIO[VILIV % 80 pavpueys ON SNULBADSOAFT
oUTISBIPAH % GZ pilepueys ON STISBvIPAH
SPIO[VPILV % G's paiepueis ON euUBIens)
osuUIIUOD % G0 plepusvis ON wnluo0y
aULIYOLON %EG'o piepueis ON pe9g wnoTyojo9
SULIT YO[OD %GE'0 piepueys ON yOOYy WHI TyoloOD
Splo[ey[e
-O[QN[OS-19q1H % Gd piepueys ON SOABITT BIOD
Sprloley[e
“OTQN[OS-19YIH % “Ff suIUINg %G'Z yteq evuoyourly
SploleylVv % GO p4tepueys ON jyooy euUuopel[od
SPIO[VILV %GE'0 piepuejs ON soavo'y vuUuOopeRT[eq
suITIUODY % GC x%PAIepUeIsS ON a}JIUODV
pasapNOd PUY AapnsY
So61 ‘uoIsIAdy Ig "d ‘SA o6g1 ‘uoistAady WZ “gq ‘sn SOnNUG
‘O68 “UOIsIADA YUSASS DY} YIM poredulad se ‘GQEG] eIe0dos
“eUlIeY SY} jO UOISIAGA YYSIO VY} UI sesUeYS JUe}1O0dUII s10UI 9Yy} JO aUIOG
Oo
-9[QN[OS-loYIH % OP plepueys ON BUuoyoUlyD
SploleylV % G0 paepueys ON yoOOY BvuUOpeT[I
sULIJIUODW % F'0 paepueys ON e}y1UOOW
SLOVULXHCIN TA
SPplo[eyly % FT prepuejs ON WNTUOWUeIYS
Spro[ey[e
-9[QN[OS-loUIW % OZ pavpuris ON BUISTJSOSAU
a aurIydIoW % 00% euTydlowy %S8t uunidO
ag sUIUYIATIS % O'S SPloTVy[V [P}0} YET BoluUloA XUN
SPplO[VILV % £0 paepueis ON snureadssox£p
sUTDTYI[OD % F'T psepuejys ON yOOY Unoslyo[oHp
Sploleyly % FT prepueys ON evuuope[[9q
SLOVULXH
Splopeyye
SPIOTBALV %GE'0
SPIOTRATV % G0
Sprovexy[e
“9[QnOs-LoyH %S1'0
piepuriys ON
prepuriys ON
parepueys ON
SOAvIT UNTUOUeI1S
sndieooftd
BUISI1SOSAYd
‘poogq ‘umnido
‘pMOg ‘wunido
BOIUOA XNN
sulydloyy %GT-S1
sUIYydLoW %GT-ST
pivpurys ON
— suIydIOW %E'ST-21
— sUIYdLOW %G'ST-ZT
SUTUYIALIS %GZ'T
Go61 ‘uoIsIAdy yg “d “S ‘Nn o6g1 ‘uorstaay yIs “gd ‘S ‘A
=e *(OS) AH + %9E *(OS) 294 %L'8Z eyeYyd[Ns19T, 1197
— ‘10 a1 SnorpAquy %62 “IO 9 SnoupAquYy %8'1¢E 9PlO[TYOD Ido
SNOLLOA'TOS
Yo1eys
Syed GZ S}JSoSIp 1ied T pivpuvis ON Ul] BvaLOUeg
F 9PIXO 8pIxO
OMNI, MOTIPA % GZ OINIIOI, MOTIOA %0Z AINIIIJ. 9} BITO
irr % GT %0E inyd[ng
aie %E %9 [ousqd
ie %9 %G ulqoresAry
SINAWINIO
SPplo[eylVv % GE'0 psepuejys ON UNTUOUTBI}S
SplolexlV % F'0 pslepueys ON sndaiBoo[id
oe sUTUyIALTIS % OT Splo[eylV [P10OL %e'T BoPUOA XUN
SPlO[eMIV % GL'T paepueys ON ovoody]
SPIO[VYLV %S10'0 piepuvis ON snurvsAdsoAH
oUuTISVIPAH % 0'Z piepueys ON STISBVIPAHL
SPIO[VMLV % GE piepuvis ON euBilens)
SUTIUOD %GF'o piepueys ON mntuoyn
OUTITYION % GT peeg wno{Yyo[o
ss Sproreyye
aTANOS-19yIA % ¢'O
So5I ‘uoIstaay yg ‘dS ‘oO
piepueis ON
pivpuris ON 8000
o6g1 ‘uotstasy yy “gd ‘Ss “On
10
|} +/++4]]] |
MOT
%G
SPIO[TeALY %100°0 %O0L
ourISVIPAH MH) %OZ
AUTON %eo'0 WOT
%0G
SPlOTRALV %Ge'0 %01
aUT}UOIW Yep) %OL
YS
‘09 OOT Ul
OPMO[YO Ida “ooF
. $067 ‘uOIsTAdY Ig “'d ‘S ‘On
Hoz RBI[QQOrT
HOT outst
Wey snuieAéosoA Hy
AW STISVIPAH
% ey wn TULas[ex)
9S Iplo[yO Mdoy
Wey ST[BIISIC
% GT peeg wnoryofoo
% OT WOWIBpPIBO
HG mnotsdeg
%G SoplieyyUueg
# Gy BOIpPUuy, SI(BUURD
WOT equin[eg
% ST Soave] vUUOpRI[od
ce dIUODW
SATO LONTL
HOI @PIPO]T Snos19,7
" anuxs
00 OAT UI 9}B}IIV
aplMolyO olay “A ‘90z wniuoWUYy pu U0d1]
o6g1 ‘uoistasy ql ‘gd ‘Ss ‘a
11
‘poqooye AT[VI1OJVUL JOU ST OSRSOP 94 SIOYJO MOZ B PUB
WMNAAVIOA ‘9}TUONR JO SeINyouT} 9YY JO osvo oY} Ul Jdeoxe puL ‘s}oRI}xXe PING oF
sv posn ATUOUIUIOD OS Jou orR SoANgouT, oYy ‘JuIodpuRys ATvULIOJ0A OY} WHOA
“payepPLOB] SI LoUoTzTyORAd OY} JO YAOM oY pUB SySTXo AQTUTIOFTUN 194voI18
B Jey OS %OF IO %OT OF PESBELOUL SoU TOYVeM oY} PUR 70] 04 poonpoed SuLeq
seuo ieSu0I{S OY} ‘SoSuBYO [RoTpRa ysour oyg MoYs ‘sdeyted ‘sorngoury OL,
-ovmnoor orynedvasoyy Ul <oURAPR peploep B JuEseadet SUOTY
-eivdoeid Snolea oy} UL YYSUeLYs TeprIoyeylR oyluyop vB JO LOA, Ul SosuBYO OUT,
cle MOT % GT OSI
— %OT %GT pesg wmnoityqopop
SANTAM
— %OT MOF UWINI}e19A
=P MVE %OT NOL
ae %OT %G snyjueydoms
= Sploreyly %E00 BOL % GT WINIUOWeI1S
— Snr % ST IInbg
ae % 0G % OT wlieyuedieg
5G %01 WET. . eBlIvUuInSUeS
Bi: YZ %OtT qreqnyy
ls VE MOT eISSENY
— splorexry %F10'0 %OT % GT eusiysosxyd
— ourydLoW %EZ'T-2'T aulydioW %Gt-e1 pezlzopoeq ‘undo
— ouTydIoW %EZ'T-2'T ouTydIoW %G' 1-1 wantdo
— GUIUYIAIIS %T'O SPIOTRALW [BIOL %E'0 BoIUoA XNN
S061 ‘uorstady 4}g ‘dS “A o6gi ‘uotstaay yy ‘“d “SA
VETERINARY DOSES
g'0- =£1°O
*I- ZO
€°1- £'0
t'°o- 9g0'0
g'0- z‘O
- Cy
I- eet)
Cr1- 90
€I°O— go'o
I- £°o
I- uo
Coo"oO— + 100'0
“p— ue
g'0- Zo
gio- £1'0
d11}9 TA
|e amen bu al 6
9°c- 9'O ‘Ww Ob-O1
go- 1:0 ‘Ww OI-z
z- 970 «6«'m Of-O1
8- Pi. SID Sirah
do g'0 «618 Of-O1
p- z aipi-%
9‘O- fo 80°18 or-S
oe 2223p 1-H
Yo oe Ip ae a,
gio: foo. “38 1-%
Q- by Da Nore Nat hee oh
‘OLIJOIN ‘qjody
HNIMS GNV dHHHS
ett +
OPW
MOD GNY HSXYOH
"ID--o 1
Ip v -I
Ip z--I
‘Ml O9-0z
‘Ip bv -%
"Ip 9g -z
Ip 7-%
‘20 I -%
"138 «=o¢-SI
‘Ip 9 -z
‘Ip 9 -z
13 9 -C
ZO Zz -t
"Ip 9 -I
‘qyody
‘WO ororyo
-O1pAY-O1}IN
“TH 9133IN
91998’T
“TG *
o1ue Ad01pAH
Ta
dIIOTYIo1pA PH
Wd
dIMIOIqOIp AFL
STTED
=} 66) 6)
STToqrB)
(o10¥10g)
o110g
d1lozuag
snoussiy
‘Tid one0y ‘ploy
910Z0}90V
(GriqojI}OY )
PHI@eOV
15
AyT[eusn sproyeyre jo sormispodéy ‘sop
e110
a
9'0
£000'0
910°0
€1‘o
£o'o
900°0
"13 09-7
|
IO\a
a I TL)
‘CI
I
‘qynom Aq asop aq} %
39} IO} VsOp oy} % SI }¥9 9} IO} sop 9} [eIOUEs UY
‘8 ‘Ip o1-z S20LV
‘OL. °20-. Sz=1 [OYOOLTY
‘bY ‘Ip P-I-OOOI-I *[0G Ul[BusIpy
1g 91-08 sUIIUOOY
fo. “ut S1—5 S$ Sul
“Maly “PULL
~ ‘ip %1-% (S061) ‘youll
go ‘Ww of-o1 (06g1) "youl,
(ek ee 6 em Gea a os Giese fb. < |
BLOy. Tis g =—t yoeIyxy
On Ie OS IHS ‘PMO”d 3}1TODY
‘2 Ip 8 -z DIVJIRT,
Ip: poy OUUBL
"ep -Q--2 snoinyd[ns
‘8. Ip 9 -% ‘TI otnyding
“8. ip 9 =e ‘MOIY
dtinyd[ng
5 gs eat OTTAOT[eS
5 Ape | an Fee | Td
d110ydsoyd
16
I'Oo- I10°0 18 %1-¢
"9 - y ips -I
a= — £.s- ie - OS-OF
Si— 9 VEOr “ta. OF —€
zwo- foo ‘m ¢ -%
fo- goo "318 SC -I
Eo vi, “IS OC-Z
go - {1:0 ‘18 oO1-z
Mo ele Se
So - 90:0 "18 gQ -I
vy- 9g0 ‘318 0O9-OI
sh ees So eee Ws eed Nea
‘SI ci Acct 0 ese) ame
by- ¢:0 ‘wr og-S
ue OT) OL-o
9'o - ¢1'°0 ‘mM OI-z
G Ohare 21 @ Yona. joe hee
€o0- goo "13 S$ -1
‘O1}9 TN ‘qyody
SOG
Cone)
ape Cate ac
No)
5 a
in nooOn
|
°
=
We)
Ot+nd N+H+H—- 0D
|
N
=)
[ot
oO
vonom
_
t+ +00 00
ae
aa +
79
“ITIP
"18 Oz-S
‘Ip v -z
‘Ip ¢ -z
‘Ipi2 =%
WE f=]
‘13 OZ-OI
"13 O9-Of
"13 Og-Of
‘18 Og-Of
"13 Ob-SI
‘Ip -%
‘13 O9-OI
ZO Te,
‘Ip z -I
‘up z -I
‘Ip 1 -%
Ip 1 -%
"13 Of-O1
‘yjody
HNIMS GNV dHHHS
Cho) OR Spe Et yorrq Auowmjay
of - ‘G1 ‘zo 1 -% yards
OG eT Oy peas ss1uy
(Yore3s pazipoy)
‘og - 4'S1 ‘Zo 2-% wmnyjepoy mnldAwmy
Eo £0.) Sor Gi5 IIYN [Auy
AOS DS eg. dJEURTIOTV A
Oates ee SDS mad ajyeydsoqg
ShlGss Ay ee Sita dpIpoy
as. ee Mead apluoryo
ae ei Aria | Sa See ayeuoqiey
Oge =" “Op Zor ee aprmoig
‘OL i> VS ID Be =o o}eozuag
‘OgI- 09 «°2Z0 9 -% (Sniatapary yds)
‘JOS 9}e}90yY WninowMYy
Sp - ‘Sr ‘zo %1-% ‘mo1y ‘ds
Sp- ‘SI ‘zo %1-% s}taids
TER aN aneme 2) 3 a id Ja}eM eIuOmMUMY
Sie WI peal muy
ot Ah Geers ier Seah AR ULOLY
‘OL TA ‘yjody
MOD) GNV HSAXOH
Ajjensn sprojex\e jo so1mispodAyy = ‘Bop at} 105
€1'o
‘yjnom Aq asop 34} %
2SOp 34} % SI }eO 9} AOJ BsOp 9} [e13B09S UY
90 - ‘mM OI-Z_ 3 bes Zo Sperry, ‘of - 'g ‘Ap g -z@ (‘JOS §,JeTMO,T)
sly ssejog ‘br’'y
({OSs,ueaAouog )
g'o - ¢1'°0 “WwW OI-z ‘y - 2S) 1h of — "9 ‘Ap Q -Z% Ipipoy WASrIeIp
-A}{}9 luasry ‘bry
(ploy wasry [OS )
9°0 = €1°0 -"WoO1-z2 vy - eo. Fraps =e “of -— 8g ‘Ip g -@ Isouesi1y ‘OV 'bI’T
goo’o - 100'0. ‘1d 9%? Cpo‘o - 6000 “aid % -+ bo -€1°0 ‘189 -% oapipoy diueasiy
Soo°0 — 100°0 «= ‘13 43-22 goo - too 1381-% $j%$ypo - t0 B3gQ-f o1Mas1 VW
Sl = “96 tu Oz-O1 3 = oo. Ap ZHI 10 | iene) CaeacmA2 ies ore” ainzOULyL
90 —' 8:0. "138..01-§ v= z aipim-% C1 - ‘8 Zz» %-% 4xq pinpy
Er - 9g9'0 ‘18 Oz-O1 2 = YS a 2 a Oho Sie 20) ey JOO’
gz - “y tu Op-SI Q.> Vy: 2p. & =1 OF — AS “70 1% oIn}ULY,
cl '= »-9°o © ““ad°ar-o1 ee Pe Ape = "of -— «= Sr ‘20 1.-% = SID. MOT BOIUIY
170 — to'o 13 %1-% (o1mispodép)
eplMoiqoIpAH sUlTOoely
vy - "I 13 09-SI 5 Dg ‘2 apyi-% ‘of —- “Sr 701 -% WN Boy
€10°0 — zooo)S—+18 ¢ -% 1z0';0 - pooo ‘id %-*! zoo -g10°0 “138 %-K aprso0[yooip
-AW ourydiomody
SO. — 2 ODO rag BY =I Sees: SSeS pg—8 er = 21 Pcp. Sort urssd1juy
g10°0 — g00°0 ‘18 Y-9L zo - Loo iB £ -% 8 - 2 ‘ip7~-% jyue1opedxy7
Se:0— 09°O° 6713;p-=1 g'o — Sz'o ‘13 OI-P pak jee ds
(d1jemMIA IeyIVL) seIjIey ‘ssvjog jo ‘uoWMIUY
Rp ‘2 ip1-% ‘ZI- ‘by ip ¢ -1 ‘of — ‘Sr zo 1 -% ‘PUL, ‘Ulozuag
Z'0.= 90'O “Ww it) a=). 9:0. “ur ST-O1 ~ *9 WV Spe ‘35a “PIA
jooy euuopel[egq
‘Z - I ‘ut o¢—SI 8 wy tp Coo] ‘ol = Gr 520 or HH SOUL
€o'o - gooo «33 %-% Szo- C10 "BH -~ © -9g°0 ‘313 oz-O1 ‘oe IX
POL eo O. StS lg Ae ot = yO os 02-01 VOC “gre-2047 =H ‘pmog
‘saAvo’y PULOpR[Ig
‘S — 90 >"18. Of-Or (snousaei}uyT )
goo - zoo “318 1 -% NOs SOW Te sSe ao). Ge Pe kee —T aployyD wurweg
en 5 60 . 178 0¢-$ ee oes pee hy ObUR "Gr 2 zo. yee ’ nloL
eo = or Ip’ ys °Q - | Abeer 0) Jaa | oO — "Sr "20% =%& n1isddg
V.= 0100 Apel} (ote CF Ap e-— i OOi— NST 120 Se =e eqiedod wmes[eg
fo0 0 -900°0 “18 52-291 Cooo - wooo 18 4--F 1:0 -foo0 “18 %1 -% ‘qding euldoiyy
v- I ‘m og-SI ‘eo ° p Ip z -I Weos el Spe Ons e UISI109TO
p - I ‘tu Og-SI 9 - voip z-I te ele apg =f ‘I ‘y ‘wnipidsy
(jooy Astinoald )
y - 2 ap 1 =% oh b. “Ip o =! OPie er ips yor seidaposy
v= st ee 4 ha ORS 9 A OES ‘g - "Ip V. = “OtI— “09 ‘Zo P =z% ainjyoury,
Tom ret) the Gla ‘Qa— Pe A Oar OR = 1ST 20° bef Bpljajesy
go - €1°0 ‘Ww OI-z ‘vy - ‘So ip fb —% “On — -"@ = Ap g:=2 ~ (jos s,nosaeeg)
siyeuasiy 11pog “bry
o1UeslY
“OHI ‘qjyody “OTIJOIAL ‘yjody ‘OTIJIIA ‘qjody
90a MNIMS ONY dHHHS MOOD UNV HSYOH
19
Ajjeusn sployeye jo soimispoddéy ‘Bop 9q}
Go -— {10
"13 S$ -z
"13 OI-I
"18 O9-OI
"IB Oz-S
‘tm Og-SI
"18 Og-SI
"Is 1 -%
‘tm S$ -I
"13 9 -I
"20 Z —I
‘tr of -S
‘16 O¢—Ol
‘ta of-—S
13 g1_¥9
ap V2=1
"13 Of-OI
"13 Of-OI
3 a
- 9g'O
Phe]
]
ee
‘18 OF-OI
O17 > AY Sra
pa ey ey
"G9 = Nob °Z0
‘CI = 'Q ‘Ip
"09 5 - “Oe "ZO
Og = 001 20
igre” Ott aad
gee hen rap
ee eae | 13
‘@Oi— 3. OL. .2G
‘09 =. "Of .*zO
It OTe = 26
€1'°o -Sg0°0 §="18
SOc I= ©" [092 ZO
Ti eee meek “anaes: |)
be) Sa ae 4 0
‘qjynow Aq asop aq} %
JO} BSOp 34} % SI }¥d 9Y} 1Oj Vsop & [e19N08 UT.
€ -1I ayiqd
-soydod Ay
o.~F epiolqo
~-1 ‘dperg ‘qieg
b -t@ opimoig mnie
ies FH PLA
z -I ; snurered
(emsnsoskqq )
De ‘uevog 1eqe[ed
t -% T1O ‘ndnfed
of-S1 = ayeIpID sutTayed
(snorjieyjye) snumeryy )
dnids uitogq}yong
eal ‘=o “Pla
z -I Soava/yT nyong
I -% ‘JOULL BIUOAIg
z -I ouronig
v-z Apueig
v-% ayeljiuqns
vy —-% od}euOqIBIqNS
qqnusig
GSo- co
oye—, =~ 20)
€1°O — go'o
: a aT
970 - ZO
g0°0 — gI0°0
vy - a 4
Gos — ST cO
go = Zo
z*O — go'o
CI- 2
Ae) SO
= eC
"Ei =I
€'0 —- goo
Cr-0; =* aro
Che So
z7O — go*o
mo) 8 81-3 /\4
90d
‘I - ¢'o um §1-S
‘- gO ‘mM Of-oI
Sion — St:o> 385.9°—P
‘LY i Z “Ip I ~%
b- ‘I ‘1m o9-SI
g°o — f€£1'°0 ‘18 OI-Z
‘CI - g ‘Ip v-z
Etta COr,.3, "Ie. OFS
Warten: <s. Tis). OO-ST
9°0 =. -€'0. 13), o1-S
Pos seL “IP? <Q: re.
epee PN AID Sal
pS eae ly wah a)’ Wap ce | ied “ete
‘Qi SPS IPR BMI
9:0 ;— y'O: . “1d. Ol-~
9’0:'-—-90'0; “Id OI-1
ge PR OLD ee SL
grOr = =f'0- “38 or --S
“OLI}OTA ‘ody
HNIMS GNV dHHHS
5 Pie ‘mz = of-S1 (So6r) ‘jury
dh dena « ‘Ip 1--% (0691) ‘jouLy
(ATT ystuedg )
he eae 20. "13 oz-S Soplieyyued
SP ea Se. eI SP ‘VOULT,
Me RRB Ta ee XH PLAT
ek ‘Ip e) =1 mb dc: f
(dmoayY uerpuy) voipuy siqeaues
"09 - “Of ‘20 & =I s}iiids
Po} ete Ip v -I MoIqouoy,
at aOR) ‘Ip © -1 joydures
"OS <9 2S Ip 2-% B}BIO[YD Xl[eVo
‘Oci—- *O9. “20 to -<2 ‘PULL
Of = “581, 20 1-H Ds a ©)
Ove Son Zp 1. equiny[By
of - ‘SI ZO 1 -% “par epupuayed
Bis isch 2 Ip 1 -% [emor[eD
"y — 9°0 IZ O9g-OI aprydins
‘cr — <9 Ip v -z ~ aq iporg
‘ayeydsoyd
ae Ip 1-% apIpoy
mane:
“OL ‘qiody
MOD GUNV HSAXOH
aL
‘qjnom Aq asop 34} %
A|yensn sployex]e jo soimsispodéy “Sop 3Y} 10} vsop 94} % SI }ed 9} JO} aSOp a} [e1aUasS UY]
g- "y.. iIp Si ‘OZI=' *09.' ‘ZO ‘VP -z% “ooS “act ILO 103}se_
(jnujseqD as1077)
# fee Pon Pepe SR ‘Ip vy -z 709 - ‘Of ‘ZO Z-I ‘'}Xq ‘PL veuvisey
Pe vit Ov ta Oe-OL > Qs =. & AY ‘Ip z -I OC SST" 20. =e 4X0 Pld
Yleg vl[eosed
¢ 7, £0). “th 0829 yo- g‘0 "tit O9-OI “Sh - ‘g ‘Ip 7J-z 3x0 “pia
"GeO, de OLS 2 en Ae) "13 O9-OL ‘SP - ‘g Ip zI-@ eBepeises eiedosed
8 - ‘y ‘Ip z-t Pe EE ep G-e 06; = 2 09). “ZOE =e ‘PULL
ee Voc Ip-ee 1 oe OL Apso "06-—. “09° +°205.25-=2 ‘purl ‘dmog
tO Eh Or-OL ei, fg ‘Ip ¢ -z@ ag°= 08 ZO. 2 2 4X9 ‘PL
CHS OO IS OEAOL 2 ST 9g ‘Ip € -z "0G; “OL. SZOk er SE moumlepiey
S| cane Bee See eg Ip t-z apiydinstg uoqies
({eooreq))
H— 1.290. “Is OPs01 “Qe - V “ap? o. <1 “OC = <"Sr 202 1K sv]
i =>2 9:0 “38.0901 .. <tr" “PV ‘Ip to —1 "og. = “Sr “2z0,..8 =% SI[PMIUY Oqies
Teo —*te-SI-e ‘2 -.9°0 ‘TH OF-O1.. “gre. “P ‘Ip z@ -I (So61) “youLy
Goa ase OY 7s bc Oes y= Oy ‘m og-oz ‘SI -— ‘g ‘Ip v-z (O6gI) "yOULL
90°09 - gI0‘°0 0 ‘m1 -% So — £1°0 ‘Mm g -z “Bt =.9'6 ‘mr =of-o1 UISd103TO
So = 90°0 ‘mW g-I a ee es °) "tm S1-S by -— 1 ‘ul 09-02 4X9 ‘Pl
G0 - go';0 ‘13 Q -I oS es a 2, ‘m S1-S ie =. oF "13 09-02 tanotsde
—_—— TT
‘wi LEO m ot—S zI- Oo 'Y Ip € -1 199) =" <Q s. ZO ce IPA 359 ‘pI
(jooy ayxeuS Yoel _) ‘esnprorm17y
"by - Z ip 1 -% cI- ‘g Ip v -z O6!—" 40> 20) -s2F <1 yards
eT — SI'0 “tI O¢—2 Go sect ‘UL Oc-O", "Qi =" OP ‘ap. zw -I WIOJOIOTYD
SG = 1970 “mr, OL—O1 asa 4 wp 2-1 SP —- O02 SZ0N Ry I=1 audpololyy
z- gO ‘18 Of-OI g- Vv "Ip © -I 700 = 7Ob.. 9320" 25 S1 opiuiele1IOTy)
Cal y se'0 a. Oc=G Gace ar ek Ep! ck 09, = > OL) AZO" (er ayeIpAY lesrolyD
(emeassisdrg )
'g - z ie oe Si ap =I ‘09 = “Of - *20 2 )-9s Sa ede
go- to ‘m o1-S CI - g'0 ‘tH ‘Oc-Ol «*cr = 9 ‘Ip €-%1 [IO wntpodonsyD
g'0 - £1°0 ‘MI O1-Z% z—- £0 WOt tie mal = Ac ap ¢-% IO BisO0Om[NeEYD
a 92- 90 "13 OV-O1 g- WV pee el by te Sin b Or se ‘[BooleyD
eee eset ere) "13 of-S oere nate Dice oI O° — 4 see 870) 32-0 a[Imomeyy
by - 9g'0 ‘18 OQ-OI c1- ‘8 Ip Y —e OG. Ou 20: ver peredoig
y- 90 "13 O9-O1 (oii Ske “apz~-% ‘og9- ‘St ‘20 @-% ‘pmog ‘dmoy ‘xleyD
G0 =<010 “Ig S -¢ Olu = oO Diveiton ea ‘= 1’ Ip %1-% 2}e[exO UNIIaD
(Ysoyoy eng)
¢z'O — go°o "Id V -! Go — Sz'0 Is 9 -V 9 - °% Ip %1-% utp Aqdones
{eee ip 2=-% C12 8 ip Vy —~ 09 — sof «20. -@ 1 ‘oury ‘dmog
‘ea £0 "mr Of-S Qe pee 1 Ope Gi 20s ey b= (emo) Me ¢
i ee) "13 of-S Ghee V. ‘Ip @ -I Oe Sarai 201 ee nyse3e_
me) 893 /\4 ‘qqyody OSD i\ ‘qjody LOSES I\E ‘qyody
90g ° HNIMS ANV dHHHS MOD GUNV HSAXOH
23
‘yynom Aq ssop aq} %
Ajyensn sprojey[e Jo solmiapoddy “Sop ay} 10} asop of} % St }vo af} JO} aSOp 9} [eisues UY
RO lt: OO Mla =e teas — pO") Ul ObSOl..+ “Bo =e ap 2 -% 3X9 pinpy
SOEs arOlOuts Gta Ae Vue “ANS OTOL. < “QL ae ‘Ip ~-% JOoY wnsryojoo
Z100'0 —9000'0 “13 22-98! tooo - zoo'o “418 41-%* foo - 10°0 13 %-} PULOIYO[OD
Eo, — GicCtem ig eevee oe — eo O- wae £ —% oo — FO "13 Of-9 aulapoa
(9BnyII0W “[O)
i ay Mee (oy ent ‘of - C1 ‘zo 1 -% ‘OZl= » “OG: (2077 =2 [iO T9AV’T pod
S700 — goo‘o “is %-% 10 - £00 18%:-% gio - €'o0 ‘13 o1-S ' dprlao0pys
. -O1pA} aures0¢
Q- 90 ‘Ipz—‘mol ‘of - C1 ‘zo 1 -% Orl=-1 se. -“Z0°7"=% ‘IXY ‘PI “#009
€o0.— go’o ‘w S =I G:0.-=— en my (OIKs Le Ee ¢ ‘Ip%1-% [LO
ie 6 “Is 0-5 2 - ‘Ps Iprei-I ‘Oe aL ok. pre =v uOomeBUUts
~ZO- goo 18 € -1 Sn 2s OEE P= SD Ge) eee "13 09-02 azeqd
Tag 98Iplmoyoar)
Oia SOL Te) Gia 2 YO" = “Ota eB OS-OV. . “Oc ==),.tg ‘3 G2 osnoidd yay
zwo- goo ‘18 € -I T =O “19. S1=5 2 "13 Og-oz Tuo, ‘azyeyqd
-[NS suluooUID
‘CI- ‘z% Ip v -% Oo — ‘Cl "200 =o > I9e%—~ 09-4" Z0 -Y =e ‘dod ‘puULy
‘y- 9'0 ‘WM Og-O1 ‘CI - ee 4 9 dae Fe S89 ‘Ip 9 -2 xT “DIT
‘= “L'o. “Ee OF = vy .- to Sap a= YS = NEP "Ip @ -I ‘IVXH
y-— 9'0 ‘13 09-O1 C1 - ‘vy ‘Ip v -I yo - ‘8 "Ip 9 -z yieg Buoyouly)
y- 90 ‘WM Og-O1 ‘Sr - "9 ap v -z "OO.—" | 000520. Vet ‘PUL,
sH
N
‘I- g'O0 ‘tM O9-O1 "g - z
Cro O10 0, is © —-% ) ty — 86
gooo'0-£000'0 | *18°44—"2£ zo0'0 — 100°0
£1 091010) ise Sr. ‘0
‘e— | £0 “TO0-8 "ZI- v
GO obe'Ol* i, Olan ip a ae)
TOO-4G00;0 itd ¢ —8% 920 =. £10
Eo Cho MS: -c'. “oir = °. 950
Got O1O'O), “ta 1.-% Geo — \t1*0
O= sel Oo” «aa Sot Oe eee eet
zoo'o- 100°0 | ‘138. 4-9" gzoo — L100
Seep ete Meo Mh: Oe Ol vy - Z
go'0- 9100 "38 1-% “go - t'o
GO gO dao me Toe HO
CLO OOO. «idee 1 1Se"o'—" 2 TO
iGO. | “Uk \OLr—-OF v - z
C- "J “ox SP-SI 9 - v
‘2-47 Of! Or OF—Ol y - 2
‘O19 yiody ‘O12
90a HNIMS AONV
‘og— ‘SI
°g xe Vv
Cz°O — goo
‘9 — Sf
‘06- CI
°g “4 Y
‘Z - g'0
°9 ral Oh)
C-r — 2L°0
°g ai Vv
1°0 —SVO'O
cr- Cr
‘vy - z
A ey
Cr -— S‘o
‘of- ZI
“Cp- CI
‘of-—.. ‘°ZI
“OLIJOIA
zo @-% ‘4X4 ‘ply ‘snuto)
Tr ace) ayeydins
Is > -I a}IUISIY
"Ip z -I ajejaoy 1sddod
"20 ¢ -% eqredod
Ip z-Il ‘Aq ‘BlaelpeanoD
"13 Of-OI ULIeMIe[[PAUOD
tn Cire ‘3a Pla
"18 z7-zZI "x4
Ip @-r (qo0[wWe}{)uInim0D
13 %1-% opium
-o1qoi1pAP auru0_d
‘20 %1-% “Y ‘y ‘osueimpuoy
Ip 1-% oIq}UAIO[OD
i Oe Sa yu AIOOD
"13 o7-L SNOUsARI]UT
UINn[OSIe]TOD
Ip g-t our
‘Ip zi-vb (So61) ‘jourTy,
‘Ip g -€ (06g1) "joULL
JOoY wnsWoloOD
‘qyody
MOD AGNV HSAXYOH
‘yynout Aq asop eq} %
Ajyensn sprojeyye Jo sormsepodéyy = “Sop ay} 10J asop aN} Z% SI Jeo 9} 1OJ asop oy} [es1oues UT
€o'o- goo’o «138 %-% f€10- goo “38 z -I O70: => £70. 2 7a Or—6 ae > <3
Z'o— €o'o . 1d &. —% Pi Rea Su > a eee Sm iy OO (Tad OO=OF SITP} SIG
ZOO’O— I00'O “19 any go0'0 = zoo’o) | “18 AF-2% Coo -gI0°0 313 4-H UI[PU SIC.
g000'0- "13 t €o00'0 —S100" "13 229% gro°0 -goo’o §=6*1d8_ Y%-% ULaTeIISId
T="St'O. Ae et -s" i elec sndes Orne s Meera Gonmmee: 4? i Mes aseyseid
€00°0-Sooo'o ‘3 9%—2F1 goo‘o — 100°0 «= “a8 4I-%* ~— goo — Loo a i tal te aulinyed
‘'y—- g'0 ‘WwW 09-01 °Q = Wee petra ‘of-— Si ‘vo 1 -% ‘4xXq ‘ply ‘euermed
ca ‘%- go ‘Ww Of-ol y- z~ ‘Ipi-% Vem 8s IP 39. -s (araddtis Ape’)
3 XH ‘PI ‘wmntpadid AD
S100'0-g000'0 "18 %#-99' €o0'o -z100°0 ©6188 “8-98 = Loo -Z10'0 "I3 %-7 duLIeIND
Io‘o- zoo’o (‘18 2 —§£ zo'o — goo’o “18 Y-%, fo ="90'6 td Si 7 Race aate)
‘7— foo ‘wm & -% GQiOy 60, 4. “Ub OL=S ‘~e=- "E ‘up oC-SI ae)
g°o—.. 0° *43 01-5 t= "t “i8 O¢-=S1 Clas 5 O.( eae ae [BIO[YD u0.OID
RTO o'Os - mm ah by stag Oe ine LOSE ae, Se awe OE Oe air 9}0S0aID
BIS 670. UR Oe-O8 a Sees 3 01 Geach 4 ‘of—- “CI ‘ZO I —-% = DYVUIM[eq Ue sev
E'o= =~ goo “mr S =I Spas, 9 Oy 2 SU Os30% “Oat et peo T Uul[oaID
Lian Zz aipi-% °Q - hy Ip eS HI OG Sk. ee oe DdILOGoa se
yieg JOOY 10}}0+
300'0- zoo’o “13 %-9F = C1:o- go’°0 "38 @ ~I C70 <0 C1088 Gor S. o}em
-I[GNG dATSOIIOD
26
‘vy - ‘2 Ip 1 -% "g - if) Ips =
‘daays ‘ogi-— "0@1'Z0 9 -P
“CI- ‘yap v -1 ‘Of - CI zo 1 -%
€o'0 - goo'o 18 %-2! C10 - Sgo.O 318 Zz WI
¢100°0 —g000'0 ‘18 2-91 €o0'0 ~-zi00'0 “1 9%—9%8
¢10'0 — £oo'o ‘18 21-92 C10°o - goo’o ‘18 ¢ —9t
7% - ¢'o ‘m ot-S yp - ‘OSI: 1%
%- €'o ‘1d of-S Ue = % Ip 1-%
Qg - ‘y -Ip @ -I ‘ZI - 8 ‘Ip ¢ -z
€r-— ¢€'0 ‘um oz-S si ae ~@ ‘ipi -%
y - ‘~ ‘ut Og-OF 8 - vy ‘Ip @ -1
970 — £0 "13 o1-S 1 ear op.
go - {10 ‘mM OI-z vy - ~@ api -%
‘I - 9°'O ‘13 SI-O1 ~% I ‘1d oOf-STI
z - I ‘aI of-S1 vo - a Bee see ar 44
€- Go ‘m Sb-g OI - € ip %7-¥%
eo eto OGG ‘9 - ‘7% ‘Ip %1-%
“SI- vip v -1 "of — ‘CI ‘zo I -%
zo - to7o 'm € -% ea VEO ME ST
‘OITA ‘qjody “OLIN ‘qjody
90d HNIMS CNV dHHHS
OCs PCy
*OOOI— ‘00S
"OTI — 09
Cr:0 - .—S10"0
Cl'Ooit— OO
BOTs ae Pw
AS Rt gered 1
7o9 - ‘Of
‘TZ —_ 'g
‘OE “Cr
Ya ack Cs esr fh
‘of = 9
‘OG SS hey
‘vz aa °g
i a A |
‘CL 9 9
‘OSI - ‘og
ape —a0°O
“OTI}9 TAI
ZO 1 -% JOR IT
‘q| @-I MOO (‘31nd )
‘20 b -~ (xT) s}TeS mosdy
o1eury
ig z~- ‘podxy ‘surnomy
1B 7 -% UL19} 8] 7
‘Ip v -1 Ie PL
Ipv-I ‘pmog ‘vaoeulyoq
"20 @ I ‘aT ‘yy ‘eremeolng
‘Ip 9 -z “purty, ‘eistoqng
ZO 1 -% ‘yy ‘uiniUOORIG
‘20 1 -% IapMOd si2Ao0q
‘Ip 8 -Z% UWOl}N[OS s,ueAOTOG
"Ip S$ -€ UrjJeINIG
(mez PII)
‘Ip 9 -% 4x ‘ply ‘ve100so1q
Ip 9 -¢ (So61 ) ‘youry,
‘Ip b -z (OC6g1) ‘youLy
ZO 9 -@ wWoIsnjuy
‘MI Og-O1 3X9 "Pla
SITEILSIG
‘qiody
MOD AGNVY HSYOH
27
Ajpensn
a
6
splojey[e jo sormisapodAy
‘Ip 1m S
I €j30'0 — oo’
‘Tynour Aq asop aq}
‘Bop 21} 10} asop 9Y} |F SI jd VY} OJ Vsop ay} [e198USs Uy
Pima 3D .ct 1 79 — ‘Q «4°20 Z-Ap7 = (UuIdy 9[BW)
‘SBI SHIT
"9 ap £ -2 og - ‘of ‘20 Z -I Aoo1snuayy
"9° 1p © -z og - “Of ‘20 7 -I [euuay
g°0 638 Of-O1 ‘or - ‘9 ‘ap S$ -% ({[BDxO)stA0g ‘[2y
Co ‘as S1-S (°C ne eee? 90 Jat Ain UIS[exy
~ ap zw -§ 9 - ‘Sr ‘zoz-& “4.7 ‘noyedny
"I um ob-S1 Per =P Pape ee yoyd4yeony
Chlen s4ULSON—Oon ar ede os Oty sa Doyo LO
‘9 ‘Ip 9 -z ‘706 - ‘og ‘ZO £ -z I ‘yt ‘snqydAyeony
(217IN 3dg yeemg)
‘g <ip vp -z ‘OzZI- ‘of ‘20 V -I y4dIdg ‘sno1yIN
9 ip vz 7o9 — ‘Of ‘ZO Z -I yids
9 ‘Ip v -z ‘o9 -— ‘Of °ZO- @ -I 194
o saws ¢-# ro —goo ‘18 $1-I (oImIopoddéZ )
a}e[AT[VS IO szeyd{nS sutlsosy_
"eo. “Ip 2 -t 709 —. ‘SI 'z0°o -§. “a yy “WOATOIpOoII
COO." ad. 1 -F >. Seo" Cro “18- V.=z (‘od Ay) UNOSI_
by Ip v -I O92 SST ZO —s. ‘JOULL
Pe Ip eead 09, —2. “Sip "20.2 3X9 ‘PI
g9°O ‘18 OZ-OI by - 1 ‘18 og-0z 3x7
eee EE ee eee
(1190 ATSOIZIN )
100°0 —S000'0 ‘13 9°-°£IzZ00'0 -100'0 «6 'a8_ 9 £-99 Coco -C1o';O0 §=6'1B & -F uLlouols)
‘G1— Gidea go) area OO 5'. *Sin- 70-0) -¢ “oSL— 00S ‘qy #I-1 (MOD)
‘ooS- 0Sz “gq I —F (?540H)sypeg szeqnetD
v7T—- 90 ‘W@W O9-O1 oD Ce he 9 96 aa 2 09... IOE S70. S.1 ‘Q00LT,
g'Oo - fo;o ‘m1 -& VO —"i0 =< 2U 9. tS" = 90 “EL OZ-O1 UIS9103|0
¢- €0o ‘w of-S Qi Sh De ai OU roa) =," Ip g -z 4X4 PI
z~- ¢0o 18 of-¢ tO te Dek Ob) 9 OR cIP Ree 1aSUly)
Zz Sc Ee Ob at Pena ey ep aie yO ea ed OFS "9 Ap. @. =o. SIX PL “nes
Cr- ‘y ‘Ip v -I ‘of— SI ‘zor -$ OLIN MOE 20. Riad - ‘durop ‘pur
(aon te Or- “ur, OFS Re et PDS TE ‘of — ='Sr ‘20 1 -§ 3X9 pl
"2- 0 “18 of-S ‘Oris Po “Ipsec of — GI ‘zO 1 -¢ ueljussy)
x v= ‘I ‘tr o9-SI se 2 om ate ED el og — ‘SI "20% —§ ‘POULT
go- £'o ‘m or-S Eels 21950452" 00-0 "Gc tea 6 py eet T= Did
g'o- £0 ‘138 o1-S C27 2" O90. SS OC LOL 8 Re SP Lees) . wan uWtasyes)
700'0: = 100'0 =, "15 f=" “S00"0.—fo00'o = 18.419 €0'0 /—910°0 18 ee - JUIMIAS[ a4)
: (tae1819301 MM)
Suen SO’ yy Si—S Nea “ica ae? 4 OYE tered ‘Of — °8 ‘ZO. I-"Ip @ [IO ‘errayypney
go- £0 ‘18 o1-S Wis OE t SIS OO-OG 2. OG Gb ZO SL ae asoqmey
go-. ¢:o0 ‘18 o1-S Va Foie sie te Oh -Oen AOe Lat =2Or= A TproL ee ‘pMod ‘SINN [[e4H
: vy - ‘2 ‘Ips -% Qseke SPOS Ip ak 709.- SI ‘z0 2 -k {NX *ply ‘epnuesg
g'o - {1:0 ‘Mm OI-z oe IB ssp Te (Otee 5 Qs LPT Q°—e WOTNIOS $19 MOT
‘OHI W ‘yjody = “OL J0 IN ‘qjody “O19 TL ‘qyody
Voda HNIMS ANV dHuHS MOD AUNV ASAYOH
29
Ripeuge
2
icc
‘qynout Aq asop oq} $
SPIlo[By[e Jo sormiepodséyy ‘Sop 2} 10J asop 9y} % SI Jed 9} IO} Vsop 9t{} [eIVUES UY
z —§
¢1-S
%
8f —
Cr—St
Sr1-S
g1-$
“Ip
moet
13
“hs
“I
13
june
‘Ip @ -
‘13 Ob-oz
‘13 Ob-—Oz
‘mM Of-OI
“or ‘Of=F
‘Mm 7 —%
‘Ip @ -#
‘mm Sp—Sr
‘IZ O9-OI
Spel.
ae -OLO!
“CI- a
ae
poco: —
-300'0
e150
es A
“t= 90
Tr °g
‘Os— *Gr
‘of— “Cr
vy - ‘Se
cr LP
9°0 - zo
‘eI— a v4
9- %
“CI- a
<oT— ‘9
‘Ip ¥ -I OCIS 0b. 20. Vee *p~OULL
2 DS Sh eee ar a ‘Ip v -1 yy ‘SNe Ty
13 % vo - zo 13 9 -€ uido1zew10 FY
18 %-% C1°0 — £o'o 13d z -% uULo1ad yy
‘Ipt-§1 ‘Sp- ‘Sr ‘zo §1-% 4X0 “DIA
"18 09-02 “SI - ‘% ‘Ip b -% "yxq ‘arAxoyemoyH
‘tr Of-O1 Si- ‘- ap Voss ca oi (ly oA
‘IaHIN Ssnu1OgeT[aH
ap v -2 og — of zo7e-Il ‘yy ‘Sljememey
‘ZO I —% 706 - ‘og ‘20 € -z Tyueoesel yl
‘20 1 —% 706 - = ‘09 zo © -@ ‘O1IqeIy uns)
‘Ip 1 -% ‘ot - = 9 Ip 9 -% °}X9 ply ‘eueiens)
“ip Vv. -I 706 - ‘of ‘zo ¢ -I ‘womuly'pULy
‘aImovrens)
tm O1-€ ho en eas Ip @ -I Joorrens)
‘Ip € -1 of — «6 SI *Z0 Z FE “aT yy ‘anjeuerssy
‘Ip Z -§ of — 8 Ipg-z~ ‘A ‘W ‘uniddssoy
(yooy sorr0onbr’T)
oi 9 ale 7o9 —. SI *0 1 =F eziq4tst&o AT[4)
‘1p V -z ‘7o9 -— = ‘0 ZO @ —I Wed 4)
30
*Q- a4
TAO
€1‘o- Co'o
“f=. 6‘O
ZOO'O- 100°O
‘Q-
‘2 ‘zZ
Vy « 2-6'O
“v— . F:0.
| Seeaeeal 8)
10 O— Go0'o
CO 2 SO
“OTIJSTA
290d
‘Ip z -I
‘ma S1-S
"13 7 —§
"1d S1-¢
13 %f-92 C100
Gi- 1s ieee 0 an ager
by - ei tp =F
Go - Gzo °13'9 -P
v= ‘% apr —%
- £00°0 - ‘18 4%
ZO00'O — 100°0
“GI- by ‘ip v -I
“CI- PVs 1p Vv =I
“CI- ‘by ip v -I
°g - y -"1p.z I
‘9 = ‘py ‘Ip z-i
zoo —. 10°08 %-4
go- €0 ‘18 o1-S
‘O1179N ‘jody
HNIMS GNV dHHHS
"OO—) “OL
OG= 22ST
Cae a 2
o¢—
"13 %% 99 gQo0°'0 —fo0'o
‘og—- = “GT
‘og—- ss “Of
“of-— °g
‘Oo= re)
‘Of 'g
€1°o — g0'0
Wien od
‘ILI}ON
"20 € -1 ‘VOULL
20.1 of WH Plt
I8 09-0z Bib dro dan
(auequeRZ )
‘20 I —$ snieAosod PT
IZ Z -I oyeqd
-[NS 10 Mo1qo1p
-AY ourmeddsoAyzy
13 °3-% aprmoiq
-o1pAP{ aurssoAyy
‘ZO & —% IPlXOIeq 10
eprxoiq vssoipsAH
‘ZO @ I "JOUL,
‘ZO I-"Ip z@ ISI AIS)
Om apse a ‘Pla
({eeg Wapfog) _
"ZO I-“Ip @ sijseipAy
"I8 Z —I apoyo
-O1pAY suryserpAH
"18 Of-SI wiyseipAH
‘qjody
MOD GNV HSYOH
A[[eusn sploreye jo sormispodAY ‘Sop vq} 10j asop ay}
{1'o
Co
g'0
9'0
Z
g'0
ore)
9'0
“Lange
‘Is § =1
WeaLOte:
‘am o1-S
‘m of-G
"Ul OI-Z
oes Sk Sa
"18 or-S
‘mM @ -%
"18 Of-9I
18 % -%
Id Q -z
‘TI OI-z
Gz'o —
€1‘o
Ron
gO
9°0
Cry
9°0
er
g'0
Lan
"I3 V —z
"13 Of-07%
"13 O¢- OF
‘tm of-o1
‘I 09-0%
‘Ml OZ-OI
"138 Of-oOz
‘13 OZ-OI
"ur Of-SI
‘Ip ¢ sid
‘Ip 1-§ dasys
‘13 OZ-—OI
‘Mm Of—oz
‘UI Ob—oz
"18 OZ-OI
‘Mm Ob-oz
"18 O7-OI
‘Ip © -z
.
‘qynout Aq asop aq} %
% Sl ed aq} JOJ Vsop oy} [e19ues uy
=e
‘Ip Z -!
‘Ip v -I
Ip v -I
‘ZO @ —I
"Ip v
"Ip @ -I
“ED@
Oovdto
9)
-
‘Ip z -I
“Ip
“Ip
“Ip
‘Ip
“Ip
“Ip
“Ip
¢ ‘ZO
Otnnwnm Ont + $THO
N COW me st wrRA
|
AQ
"13 SI-O1 ‘yD ‘yo413S pue
pson psy
‘WD ouluniG pue
‘IG aplpoy
‘pull,
[OS ‘aprolyD
"Wo0eSg “"qiey
ayeIVID wn
_ -TWOmMMY pue uoly
3X0 PIA
oFHemy
‘podxy ‘veoady
WIOJOPO]
yOULL
(s,josn’y )
‘los ‘dmog
eUTpOT
‘FX0 Pll ‘erneusy
[oAIAIT
"14S ‘dutog
‘sazidsoydodé yy
32
‘Z—- €'0 13 706=S:
go. wpe-#
{a Ipz-%
9°% =~ £'0 "15 ob-S
Rue ss =e ‘Ip 7 -%
‘%t- £0 ‘tr ot-S
a ae) "13 O¢-S
p- 4 tm og-SI
5 ee eae 2 Ip. c-=%
Qu ca tg Tpit
I- <b Ip v -1
g'0 — £1'0 "ul O1-Z
9:0 =». £0 Is OI-S
Pace aley 1d o¢-SI
o> ees ae “pee -=1
Serene Sy oleae =a!
Py £0 ‘tr og-S
y- Co "18 O9-S
£°0 — 900 ad $ -1
“O12 yjody
90a
SF TEP ‘Ipc =I
4, ee ae ec; 2
2 el ‘Ip © -I
‘wI- VD ‘Ip © -I
Oo aV ‘Ip z -I
Ae na aD, ‘Ip Z -I
‘cI - YD ‘Ip -1
‘zwI- ‘VY ‘Ip € -I
PEL eae ‘Ip © -1
(Oe Os 27207 Ys
‘2 -—9g'0 t™ Of-O1
fl - 9'0 18 OZ-OI
i adore eae 3 Tp 21 —
CI - ‘8 ip v -z
ieee aD Vo sald)
5 EN Ip I -%
Dy eae 3 ‘Ip 1 -%
Yreka Is O¢-07
“OTIJOTA ‘qyody
HNIMS GNV dHxHHS
ie)
So)
|
Ve)
4
N
°
Lome
|
A
og - ‘SI ‘23. 0) =
Go2 = Sr ZOiC! =F
09 —- ‘Of ZONE 1
‘of = - “SI "20. 1.—%
Oc i= Sn ZOD =F
of -— ‘SI ZO I —%
of — ‘SI ZO 1 —%
Of: = A°S1 ZOuTn ss?
OZI — ‘09g ZOvv) =e
C= yg Ob rea taaa
wie oF Mp crak
Cee ee ‘Ip v -z
OT EQ “Ipev -%
rer Wp Heine
‘OHO WA ‘qjody
MOD ANV HSYOH
BIIIUIBIDT
‘FH PIL
ossnoy
UISSNO YT
“puL
‘aH “PI
‘Ours
‘T ‘yl ‘BABY-CAL I
320 PI
BleMme yy
yds ‘dmog
TO Jedrun[
jnqure {
UISOY
‘35H “PI
deje
‘a Pl
Ipuvioqe[
a}eyd[nsg
uoly
Aj[ensn sprloyey[e Jo sotmiapodAy “Bop ay} 10j asop oy %
go - Co
g'°0 - £1'0
90 0 —- fo'o
Gra tO
Berar BO
ot. = Loo
€*1 — go'o
GO = 0
oD ‘Ga elo
ioe) ‘09- ‘Cy
0; eee 1
£1 0 —goo’o
z*° — 90'0O
£°0 — goo
€1°0 — goo
ro. =: S16
"co — S:o
1 ee pope a 8)
ig ne ag
oath oe
9°0
— £0
ir te
ie Ora
00
13
‘U1
“UU
18
13
"13
‘13
‘ZO
“Ip
Beg |
"13
“t
13
‘Tr
o1-S Cr -
O1-@ ge -
1-% ‘f1'0 -
of-¢ ‘eI —
Liesl tomate is
O7-% °9 =
Oz-I vo
o1-¢ y -
ot-z 9 -
zt -% "09t—
8 —l so. las
Z —o g';O -
€ -I pol J
C=! gO -
Coal ps
ot-z “Cr -
ot-9 yp -
SiS Soh a
ees Po =
of-S "Q 0+
or-¢ oN es
9’0
a
go'O
174
‘S
‘t
ral
=f
<4
‘OSI
“of
z‘O
Sat
€r‘o
4 +00 O
om Wa
a
Id
“1p
Oz-OI
op-oz
a —I
a
z -%
Ch
og-St
z -%
zI-9
zt -I
o1-¢
oz-S
OI-z
oz-SI
v -I
‘ZI -
“C7 =
“1p
“Ip
‘138
‘ZO
‘yjnom Aq ssop 3} %
SI }B9 9} 10] dSOp 9} [e1auasS UT
€ -1
P -z
C1-S
z =I
g -I
g -I
v -I
v -I
if -Y
1 -%
9 -v
OF-O1
6, -Y
I -%
I -%
(4 ~Y
g -z
Zz -!I
w -I
1 -%
¢ ~z
ulpndn’yT
UOlNLOS §,[Osn’T
UrlTaqo’y
‘jOUry
"35H “Pla
BITaqO'T
d}8IVID
ayemoqie)
eprmorg wn iqy’y
tO peessur’y
I9ye MN
peyeinydus
peyeulio[yyD oma’T
[IO uome’yT
9}e8}90 VY peo’y
muuepne’y
“A yy Suantie9nyoer’T
autjdedojor’T]
‘PULL
‘Fea “PIA
‘Fa
34
a
2-6
i) peste Sal)
“OTIJOTA
90a
“to OI
Pop See
"tm O¢-]
‘ta S$ -1
‘mM of-¢9
ip 72 -%
‘Mm Og-OF
‘ZO @ -I
ro Or
hire aa
‘ur Og-SI
‘i Og-S1
ip Vv -I
“Ip (pO
"13 og-S
‘yjody
en: bh ‘18 SI-O1
Por Eero "1d o1-S
by - 2 Ip 1 -%
g'0- ro "u o1-S
v- I tu og-SI
“GI- 9 ip v -z
"9 ey 7 ‘Ip Ab IN
a AY 3) "13 Oz-S
FOL" “2D "13 O1-G
8 - v ‘Ip z -I
8 - v ap @ =I
daayg OQI- ‘oz~I = *z0 9 -L
‘of- “CI ‘20 1 -%
“ST— Y ‘Ip v -1
= Fae 4 ‘Ip z -I
‘O11}9 TA ‘qyody
HNIMS AUNV dHHHS
I -9°'0 ‘18 SI-OI (SdATeD 2 sTBO,T)
ALeEQOU Arnoiayy
pe "18 Of-S1 [OYJUSPT -
‘cI - 'g Ip v -z .qdg
"GF ay ‘Mm Ot-SI LO
(jurmiaddag) ‘xyuedig wyquepy
Of = 8 ‘Ip 8 -@ 3XA PLA Plvoryeyy
709 -. ‘OF ‘ZOE 1 ‘JOULL
‘oc -— “Cr "zo 1 -% ‘3X9 ‘pla ‘ooneyy
euUuByT
(sseyT ont)
Spaces te ‘Ip 7 -% wAXSsieipdy esseyy
> eet ‘Ip @-% aprxoiqesouesueyy
earch | Ip 9 -£ UISIIOITO
BE iG 0 eae Old ‘FH PLA
: ‘WId)] oTe
‘OOOI— ‘00S = “‘q[ z -I MOO (31nd )
‘OTI — ‘09 ‘20 V -z (‘Xe’T) o}eyd]ng
‘og - ‘SI ‘20% -% ‘qied mnisouseyy
"Bt oP ‘Ip Z@ -I (SaATeD W s][e0,7)
BISOUSRIL
“OLS ‘Ti0ody
MOD GNV HSYOH
35
€I‘7o — go'o
100'0 —g000'O
100'0 —g000'0
g‘0.— 9g0'0
{I —- go'o
of ernest A Bi 2
ap RCAC HS)
C1-
a Oe
voo'0 - zoo'O
¢°0 — 9g0'o
£o0'O — goo’o
Scio — *r0
hee oy LS:
9'°0 - goo
g00"0 — z00'o
GOi=0. 900
g00°0 — z00'O
£10'O
S120 Sik nied
“32 92-081 Zoo’ -100'0
e 09 OOF
13 92-09
"td /O1—t
"13 OZ-1
‘tm Of-OI
‘13 OZ-OI
‘20 %
"Is SI-OI
. (cha KG)
13 4—t
"Is $ -I
13 %-%
18 VD -—%I
‘ta C1-S
"13 OI-I
"13 &%-%
‘Ia S$ —I
. O¢€
138 %-%
¢ 0Z@
13 T ie
go- £0
ZO0'O —100°O
‘t- £0
v- 9'0
°g ." L
ipa oe
eS
a
goo'0 —£o00 0
g'0 - ¢1°0
€1'o -f10°0
co- zo
iat oad
Bl=—-40"0
€1°O — 9o'O
g'0 — t1'O
€1'0 — goo
€1'0 — £o'o
‘tm o1-S
13 9898
“13 08_09
"18 o¢-S
‘18 OQ-OI
‘Ip z -I
‘Ip 1 -%
‘20 I -%
‘Ip @ -%
‘13 0104
"Is OI-Z%
"I3 t —-]
"13 Qg -€
‘tm og-SI
‘18 oc-S
"I3 2 -I
"18 O1-Z
‘Is Z -I
30.0 —%
‘hoz
fo'o -€10'0
go00'0 —I00°0
‘ZI- +g
“Ce °Q
eS °9
8
“ope. “ST
Coo -£10'0
a eg
9°0 - Z'‘O
Wl sched
to, o= 9
‘ZI- a
Co- C0
a ee
So = “Co
Co — £1°0
‘Ip
"13
13
“Ip
‘Ip
‘Ip
‘ZO
‘qjnou Aq asop aq} %
Ajyensn sproyeye yo soimiepoddéyy + “BOp ay} 10} asop 9y} % SI }ed 9} JOJ asop v [INNIS U]
tH
OT_09
T L
¢ -z
g -S
# ig
uworyNypos %T
UlIIIATBOIJIN
JUIJOOIN
jouyqden
mipeqiden
SOULL
"pMog ‘IIA
OTe
p4rejysnjq
‘Yd[ng oulivosnyy
[OU IIO PA
S}PS 3% surydioy
an[_ susjAIe]
aze[ Ad1[VS TAIL
(Ild ng) sseyl
poy eprpoy
(JamMoTBD) PTA
(WII[GqnSs SAISOIIOD
*SO1IOD
epitopyD ‘Armmodsey
aprpormi g ‘Amno13
(sH}eUesty 11pog *br’T)
GiOm SP LO 2 Sot O12 \ es 4 "2p 1, = al <= Fag ‘Ip 8 -% UWOrLlMNlOS s,tosiveg
Pagers ie ne Wt 09-0F G'g. -) P Ip G1 Ore 4 dei ZO 1 -% 4x pig ereree
Pete She * OMT COGS Or oniQay = ar Wy, ‘Ip @ -I OO). =) Gr ‘20 % -% apAyopyeseg
go - €1°0 ‘18 OI-z Tet £0 "18 S1-S oe ke ‘Ip 1 -% uedeg
Baa sO. Veta Soe ers = 970 ‘Ig O6-OL- “VY => 2 Oar tec UljwoiouRrg
iu sveto: taro. SI=6 ¢ -—9°0 8) O8-O1. 7 0m. 19 ‘Ip S -z Ie) xO
CSs0- 2.2 0°90" w'r8. -6)=€ D = tiO “a8 S1-S Tite —S4e ap ¢ -% IULXIIGC)
cs 'Os UT. Ore ‘Te.—- "8 ‘Ip 9 -z 709 = =Og ‘ZO Z -1 suULM
(d1108a18q )
Sr booup v -1 ‘of — “Sr Ip 3 -v ‘O71 — ‘09 zov -~ ‘ydmed pur,
hea oe 0-2 ND OS —e Vo- °g Ip 9 -z ‘OO: — Oe, ZOo Catal ‘JOULL
fo.;o —-10°0 is %-2 go -E€1°0 Is OI-Z Pt tk ae Ip 1 -% ‘XY
SO“ OO aie tA Fy = Sto 13 oz-S °Q. ay, ip z -I mnidg
Od1 >) 209): 2Z0 he ‘obe- OZI +20 8 -P ‘oooI— *ooS qd z -1 IO PATLO
fea ees Ue GI=5 = "ei fey Wi OV=0c) shou 7 Ip 9 -I ‘PULL
Wiss O30 ror iz =1 88"). = 9/0 WEOC-Oll . Quo sa se ip z -% oa 2 (aah DIL
910°0 -goo’°0 ‘38 %-% ZO -9g0'0 Is € -1 ‘I -€1°0 41s GCI-z Bb. <3
CUO tOO Mar Idig. tt 0h: —.970 SBrOCSOR Soe = itz ‘Ip z -% BOIWOA XUN
y.- €:0 ‘um o9-S oe taet 2 IRIs Fw) AE Ve eae ‘Ip 9 -z WIayonN
(2I1IN ‘dS j90mc)
‘Vo =-9'0, “MW og-o1 “S1 --°°g ‘Ip v -z ‘OC b= —40e ‘20 v -1 ‘ydg ‘1aqyq snoj}yIN
A) OSB Vi ‘yjody "OITA ‘yjody OLIN ‘qyody
90a HNIMS GNV dHHHS MOD GNV HSUYOH
‘qjnom Aq asop aq} %
Aj[eusn sproyeyye jo sormiapodAy ‘Bop at} 10j asop ay} % st ywo ayy 10F dsOp 9} [e19003 UY
—9000'0
— 910'0
- 910°'0
- So
—9000'0
—- go'o
a} 1
- ¢'o0
4 ‘b
— Sz‘o
Ape Tei: Vz
‘ut S¥-o7 = *g
138 ¢ -f 1/0
(9ULIaS4 )
‘Mm V -z oe
I Vo =e 1@
‘im of-o1 °g
"1s 8 -00TP To
“i ee —OI eT
ap 1 -% = +g
‘13 Of-O1 ZI
‘Ip v -z ‘Ope—
‘18 Ob-O1 'Q
"18 Oz-S v
Ipuk =. AST
‘ar o1-S :
‘Id O09-OZ
‘Tao OLeS. z
a Reems Sie Bet ‘3X0 PLA ‘TUT
Sted aun Ole he (JO01-340q) _
A A “eoovloyAyd
-90'O ‘Is %I-I (oputrepod4 Fi)
ayeyd[ng 10 ajelAorpeg aurmsijsosdyqg
Sea | ‘ta o¢-S1 3X9 ‘PI
(uvog 1eqe[ea )
Seat Is O¢-SI sulsrysosAyq
20> “Ap @ I yds
—90°O ‘13 % =I snioydsoyd
=2'R! Tp Sore LO poieioydsoydg
Pp Vet ioe FAL aIzpl4oiqd
= cnc Pope ae UljoovUusy
"Of ~=°ZO 9 -1 WnywBloOIjJag
=e pre ah payeivysoesG
Sates | ‘ip 1 - uisdog
SO aD Waset "yds
= wien tte Oe=GT [lO ‘jurmieddag
APs tp eet yovigq ‘roddag
(paeg urydmng ) odag
ek Sa Fae oyeuUuRl
eee | "18 of-SI ‘udinc surdonatiad
38
Cite we O's. “Aa Of-S ‘py -
ete pio «- “to Si—-Z 7
ere oe Oe Ie LOC=S 2
oe ae SO “A BAOS eS ‘vy -
Lets, 610. tie OLE y —
‘y- + €o ‘193 09-S “CI=
‘p- D Apbemehae Otel ey, § “C1-
Crt <- S49) 9 Ia OCHo ‘y -
Bel) 2 6’Or ."18700—-5 Cree
Cor saesO- “aI. oc—S ‘py -
y—- gO ‘mM O9-OI ‘9 -
"Qe puleaee | OL ae <4 2
€r-o— -90'O:)=— "IS Z 1 08 Gole
‘I- ‘To SI A
y- £0 ‘mm o9-S ‘yp -
y— €'q ‘13 09-S v=
zo‘o- zoo70-— "18 %{-% vo'0 -go0'0
100'0-S000°0 = -.18. 8-221 zoo'o -100'0
OAT ‘qyody ‘OTIIOIA
90a HNIMS GNV dHHHS
“Ip
‘Ip
‘Ip
“Ip
13
"13 A->
“qyody
MOD GNV HSYOH
Le oe oe on
m+ SQN
3}PI}IN
IPIpol
aye
2}e10/ 4D
ayeuogied
oprlmoig
d}B1WIVIUN
ayeuoqieolg
ayeyIIY WiNIssejog
WOIjN[OS ‘essvjog
IT ‘yy ‘umuos4jog
seuKIsoMoOg
(ajddy Avy)
urAydopog
uizeiodrg
XH PIA
(ipuvi0qe[)
, sndivs0[td
SUBS 29 outdiesojIg
UIXO}JOIOI
39
Aj[eusn sproyeyye Jo sormispodAé yy
©:0 — £1°0
gio - ¢'O
€1°O — go'O
Dee
O10, =-1'0
‘y= 0°0
Bee. “O'0
v=) £°O
ZO'O —g00'0
Ste oes
yp- ‘I
ZO — ¢to‘o
er Oe (
E°o — €1r'0
Se "Z
‘“of— ss “G1
zo — £0'0
"13 S$ -z
13 o1-S
Tco—T
"13. S1-Z
"13 %7-%1
‘ti Of£-oI
‘13 Of-o1
‘tm og-S
18 A-%
aip 1 -h
‘tl Og—SI
"Ig € -%
No)
COMA SCHDHHHA
=
et ad de age
|
\o
2)
‘ZOp 31} 10} asop 9q} %
"13 Of-OI
ov-—oz
‘10 O1=S
OHO
=
50
"138 Ob-oz
"15 GI-9g
‘Ip Z -I
‘Ip z -I
Zz I
a8 3h)
¢ -I
‘Ip v -z
o1-S$
ap K1-%
Co ‘m o1-S
v Ip z -I
ted eD CN'O
Ootot+d¢d OH
=)
oT
(39)
‘op ©. <z6.7. -Z
zo "138 g -¢
°g = 'T
‘Cae J
A: Pe SE
‘oz - 8
‘Paka ey
Du. St
‘Orr =) aE
ROD oi
S‘o.)=—-. -S zo
‘og - ‘Of
Oe Oe
°g ue 'T
3) att
tos eat ie
709. = ST
OOOI— ‘ooS
|| et eee 2
‘Yjnom Aq ssop xq} %
SI }€O 9} IOJ VSOP 9} [P1oUaS UT
“ip eo = ULI1IOSIY
aipb-e (ojerddynuy)
"18 09-SI (o1N0f )
S}v[ePS WZ ouruing
"Ip Se.—z (onosddizuy )
"I8 O9-OZ (SIUOL) sUIpIuINGO
‘20 1 -% 32H PIA
‘20.1 -% eBqLV shor1enO
202 -% ‘A ‘yy ‘omoviqano
13 9-1 UISsengG
‘ZO Q -I ($061) ‘Joury
‘ZO @ -I merimeart 442 Ca) ¢) i
‘ap @ +I ‘yxy ‘vissengd
‘Ip 9 -v mniyya14g
‘Ip @ -%A ‘a ‘a “eyHesind
20 @ -% (As19qD PIL)
‘7X9 ‘Pl ‘eueruisit, snunig
tre-=t o}eIPIB,
? WINLpoSs pus
“Ip 1(-% ‘uvsuruliodg
40
I- ¢-o 0 aS ie are 2. ‘tM Of-O1 ©
€*o — go'0 “as GS -1 Cx 4 OO "13 Of-O1
z~- £0 13 o¢-S Qean zt Ip ~ -%
€1°o -9gi0O i572 -% 2 O — toro "Is ¢ -%
£0 - goo u ¢ -I to S"0 ‘ur Ci-L
Ota = £0 ‘mm ¢1-¢ aa ¢ ip 1--%
£0 - 900 ‘m S —I g°O —- £10 "Ml OI-—Z
a I WDE —SE 2 Pe 8S Ip 1 -%
a I m og-SI 2 = 14 ‘Ip z -!
y- g'0 ‘™M O9-OI ‘g - v Ip @ -!1
ou 4 ‘Ip @ -1 ‘Ogi 00) ZO =e
vo- 9'0 DE Ors1 9'0 / =. =2°0 ‘i o1-S
2) es z ‘HAOSTOS, 1 "QQ =. “Ph ‘Ip z -I
g'0 - to ‘tz O1-S Y 0 ae
9:0. <E"0 "13 -01-S Y "Ip 1
“O9g- OC. "2G, e-—3
Vix Zz Ip1-%- ‘¢ - v ‘Ip z -I
ve) BSE) fi ‘qjody ‘OPW ‘qjody
90a HNIMS GNV dHHHS
ve - 'P "Ip 9 -I
Cy y ‘Ip b -%
‘of - ‘8 Ip 8 -2
9°0 -¢'0 13 o1-S
‘Sr = 9 ip v -z
709 — 0% ZO z@ —-I
Vii ie Ip 1 -%
or or ZO 1 —%
og - ‘oe ZO Se—I
o9 - ‘of "ZO Z —I
ooS 3d I
9. - ‘% Ip z~ -%
OE Sa ZG), 1 -—%
og - ‘of ‘ZO Z -I
og — ‘of ZO Z —-I
og - ‘of ZO @ -I
UPN ‘qiody
MOD GNV HSYOH
(joo1-pcoTg )
“Tq ‘ereurnsues
[OTeS
UTOLTBS
ULIBYIOVS
TO
(ules)
‘50 ‘Pll ‘eurqes
tO
“33H PI “Piny
4X4 OPI ‘xouny
‘35H PIA ‘suqny
1O ‘Ta1ory
350 ‘PI 'XOL
‘A A gel) sng
WXH “PIA
qiequyay
dnr4S
XH Pla ‘sno
-IpyyeD suumesy
‘qjynom Aq asop aq} %
Aj[ensn sployey[e jo soimispodAy ‘Bop oy} JO} osop oy} % SI jv aq} 10} ssop ay} [e19Ue8 UY
‘I- €°o = ‘ur «SG r-S = "Ea or fi St PS spe ‘3X ply ‘eseuasg
(deo [[n¥S )
eae ‘ ‘Ipz -% ‘Share 7 Ap ye ol ‘t=. Sk. 20°), -H% -— 4 “gq “epee
100" -Szooo' 18 %%-9°F2 zoo‘o -100°0 = "18 %£-9% goo'o -—foo'0 86-18 Yt-9% (od 4#7)
aprmoiqoipAH
autmelodoos
b- ea S Pet ee ee Go pe od ‘ot- ‘Sr ‘zo 1 -% “IT ‘q ‘sntaedoog.
OF G=- "tO. “in t =a CEO — goo . “Ise <1 "I - €0 ‘1s G1-¢ . sutiedoog
SOs ENO tad Ge €r1- €0 ‘18 oz-S v- t& ‘1pt-% BI[IIS
v= ‘Z Ip 1 -% g - Pipa =I “ee Ip Fe UISOW
oie x4 Ip z-% zI- v= sip €-=1 You}... SP -oe AUOTMMIBIS
(euIqes 90S) UIABS
£0. 29070! “me: Say go- £0 ‘mw o1-S 5 agg A 3 VB aoe TO
of Co aps —s% Re Soy Ee aT ‘O9O—- OL = 'Z0 Z --I “ ‘W ‘sseiyesseg
v- ¢.. Ape 6 =v. Se Spee <0 70o9- = ‘OL *Z0 Z -I ‘dmo) ‘a “A
<r z Ipy -% Sea ia) Deenge eee 9 eae ‘og- — “Of “20 ¢ =F) “ep a SB eaeEES
HOO 70010 "Is; =") 90 “g10'o © “1d 1 2K Se'o.+ 1-0. ae AH 1 urmodes
‘Z— cr O.o eee S v- ‘r ‘13 o9g-Sr ‘tz- ‘9 Ap 9 -z (dos) odes
Ep) S1'O < Saag MoV Spee “Ot— ie ¥ST Zo 1 —% UIM0JUBS
z— ¢'o tu of-¢ €- go ‘mw Sb-o1 lig AD SE Ilo
a HA 9 Aa A ge, Spee | se get 2 ‘og- «6 SI ‘20 & -%( .- yxq ‘pp “*yeyaeS
eae oO
a es g‘o
Cr HT IS"O
go - Vo
ey = £0
aa chal
"2 - gO
emt}
g'0 - ZO
$o00'0 —100'0
‘2 -— 9g'O
go'0 -910°
‘D149 Nl
“15 O¢-S
"13 Of-O1
oz-S
"IS TI-9
"13 oz-S
"13 og-S
"138 Of-OI
"13 Of-S
o1-£
“13 0108
O£-O1
‘ar oz-S
me
43 § -%
4 0 Aes
— 90'0
vy - z
‘o9g— = ‘OL
7og— = “oo
£10: — £0'oO
“OTIJO IN
‘Ip
‘ZO
‘ZO
13
AANA AR
d
|
To RIO
A
ody
HNIMS GNV dHHHS
og. “SI
‘oe — ‘SI
‘GOS (Osc
‘og — “SI
i Ale am aD
‘yz -— ‘8
"og — ‘of
“of al °
"Og Nene ait
ot = *Z%
1 2 0 a A ©)
Oe) er
‘of — ‘SI
E20 te 10
9'°0 - £0
IOC ay
‘OSI- ‘O7zI
‘oSI— ‘OZI
I RE nt 8)
‘S11}9TN
zoz-€ oayydrnsoddéy
zo I -€ soydod {fy
‘q1 1 -~ (MoD) ‘Sing
20% -$ aploryy
upg -t 9}e10[T)
‘Ip 9 -z 9} BUOqIBD)
‘ZO @ —I aprmo01g
"zo 1 —-% 3} e10g
zo v -€ ayeuoqieolg
BOOM a}eozuNg
13 9 -¢ a] euUIsSIV
PA Ohad te 9}8]390V WNIpoS
‘Zo I —€ Woryypos ‘epos
‘mS-% ‘“[OA ‘TIO ‘sideutg
"Id OI-S S}CIJIN IBATIS
‘POULL
(JO WoYAVuS eLiUisI1A )
20) Le) ht Wy (BIaEodsoS
‘20 G -P “Txt “Did
‘20 ¢ - Buuas
"13 Oz-S ULSIU9S
‘qjody
MOD AGNV HSAXYOH
‘qynom Aq ssop aq} F
Aypensn sproyeyye jo'sormsapodéH “Sop at} 10} Vsop ot} F ST 3B9 9} JOF SSOP It} [e1sues uy
| ae aE Ip 1 -% ‘g- Vv “Ip z -I “Sp - ‘SI ‘20 R1-% ‘ULL
‘y- g'0 ‘Ti Og-OI '9- ‘% "Ip z~ -% ‘ot - «OV ‘Ip 8 -z aT yy ‘ersuly[ys
‘%-— £0 ‘mz of-S ‘ZI- ‘9 ap. =41. “Gy —. “ve Ip ZI-9 ‘pully
Vga cae Ip 1 -% ‘eV ‘Ip z -I aah "20 % dnidsg
€'o = 9g0°O m S$ -1 ET e=45<0 ‘tm oz—-S oo 27 ‘Ip Z@ -I oh de Ga 8) A
€* — 90° "13 GS -I eae (9) "13 Oz-S SS Ge) eh Alt Trinbs
Se | ‘tr Og-SI y- ‘% Ip ~ -% Ons V Ip g -~ 3"4 ‘pia ‘etjesids
€1°0 —goo'o 13 z -§ Gz‘o -too 13 b -% i oak ees OL) "138 of-S azeydyng suteyiedsg
z~- yO "13 OC-OI 5 eee ‘TevOG=4re> 2 Oe t—-P "Ip g -z d}PT
-oqiesoydins
PEERS, a8) "13 Of-S View te Spee OG ak ‘20 I -% ayiydtus
‘ooS— ‘oS ‘ql 1 -% (aso Fy )
ci- 6 Ip VV -I G9- "SI. Z0.0 —%. 7oSZ— ‘ooS ‘qT #I-I (MOD)
(s}]BS S,reqnepy) azeydins
9°0 - £1°0 ‘15 OI-Z C1 — £0 "18 O2-S Ye Ge o> Sig 9}eUIN0 URS
5 Peas S10) ‘13 of-S oe ‘Ip 7 -% ‘Of = "8 ‘Ip Qg -z aye Ad1TeVBS
ci- ‘Vv ip Vv -I ‘of-— ‘ZI Ip 8-2 ‘oot— SI 'Z0 O1-% ayeydsoug
zo - £o0'O 130 -% €°0 -go’o a3 G -I "B= GOL ‘13 Of-O1 SPIIN
By ‘Ip 2 -% ‘oP. ‘Ip z -I OGu= 51 ‘20 @ —% 2}PIJIN
g'0 — £1°0 "13 OI-Z | ess "13 OS-ST T= "9 “ID: F = apIpoy
'9 - bo‘Ip @ -1 CI- 8
Z2O- goo ‘wm ¢ -1 vo — €1°0
POs, <eI'O- “Wk 9, —< | Beerabe aA
‘v- 90 ‘Wl Og-O1 9 Geel”)
CIOL stoO'O. Ig cases z° — 90°0
— -i9'O ‘a Of-O1 Spent ooSe
v- O'1 ‘W 09-01 SOR ee
y— €'o ‘m or—S A gee ee
oi- ‘2 ‘ip bv -% og- ‘of
1S = S'0 Is OF—-S €- go
zoo'o —So00'0 ‘33 98-921 fi0'o -zoo'o
go = €1'0 “Mm ol-z elaeiteO
100'O -go00'0 "15 %%—99L po0"0 -~zo0'o
b-. €':0 13 o9-S isa peep
'W.—- _9'0. . ‘18. 090-01 Si- ‘8
bee: Ay ess ‘ - 9'0
£0 —- goo ‘ut ¢ ~1 g'0 — 'o
fo'°o —- Too: “33 & -2 go’o —-SI0'0
“OLIVA ‘yjody “ILO
90a
ip ?'-z
‘mM 9 -z
wu Sr1-S
‘ap Vv -z
"13 V -I
Ip 1 -%
‘Ip 2 -%
"ut Og-SI
‘Z0 @ -I
an Sp-o1
13 i <i
‘tm Oz-$
“13 91_08
‘Ip @ -I
‘Ip v -2
‘mm oOf-or
‘ti o1-S
13 1 -%
‘qjody
HNIMS GNV dHHHS
MNOBXeIL T
UBL) [O Wujsovuel
‘OL ‘Ap $z (snouaavsju]) sure rey,
OG ire On ZO- Se T
‘y - €'1 ‘ut 09-02 ( As
OCL= =~ Oe. AZO. faa I
‘co. =) G70 ‘138 Of-OI
St Sy oy ‘Ip v -I
co} Si. Debs Gca i
Vo - 8 ‘Ip 9 -z
OzI— ‘09 ‘ZO V -Z
"Pe: — oP Ip 9 -!I
Zl O- 2=£0°0 "Id % -%
Ss1-. "Ip Vv -!
€o'o -f£10°0 "Id % —¢
"of — Shi ZO. =o
(OGM On ZO tae)
ee ee | ‘Ip Z -I
ER, ih ‘MI ~O9g-0z
970" 4050) “18 O1-S
‘O14179 W ‘qiody
MOD GNV HSYOH
SHIN yAIdS 1a@aMG
viudeag
OOOI-I "[OS
Ul[euaieidng
mined Re
FH PIA ‘Taquing
inydtns
jeuoydins
S}[BS pue ‘qolmsS
‘PULL
‘sngyueydols
urmjueydoiys
I PIDOE
‘MOG WINYUOIS
REL
350 (Plt
‘3X ‘WMnim0WeIYS
. ‘yznour Aq osop aq} ¢
Ajjensn sproyeyye Jo soimispodAy «=*Sop ay} OJ asOp ay} % SI ed JT} JO} aSOp aq} [elaues uy
g9'0 — 10'0 “I3 1 -? {¢1°o -zo'O od ier oe a ee Sh em "13 oz-S S}VIJIN WIRD
pees SE 13 Sp—S1 as xe ‘Ip 1 -% cr = "9 ‘Ip v -z UINT[eiy ‘[eIQ
Vo: ao ores (d1301NTq )
gh) ommend Ip v -% ‘Oe OTS ZO =A Orl= “0g ‘ZO. -Z (ulWopI Wy)
‘7 - gO "Ul Of-O! rien te eB "Ip v -I 709 — ‘of "20 @ —I (SATPBULOAIRD ) ”
. [IO surjuedany,
gio —- £0 "1B o1-S 1-0 138 GSI-g eee ey "as SP-SI usd Aa,
Gite AY SD: Ves Bee "ip 9-=e "70g — ‘Ot ‘20 @-1 °3Xq Ply ‘mn,
= ‘i= 9°O ‘138 Of-O1 tea SE asd Sp-SrI ‘SI - ‘LP ‘Ip v -I [BuoLL,
~ Sz'o — £0'0 18 ¥-% ‘G0 -go'O "18 9 -I ‘og = 24 "18 06-02 jousydinoiqi4y
x "um Of ol legen x pee, Ot = 9 "Ip Q -z 3X9 ‘ply ‘esuoy
9'0 - £'o "18 O1-S r=) OO ‘Is OL-Ol S| <P “Ip e.—I ONBqOL,
vO — to'o Me -% 9:0 =“t"0 m1 O1-S Re ea ‘ta Of-S1 ‘TO> MSL
‘I - 90°0 "13 SI-1 i Rage fa STO) "13d ofS Nas Se ‘Ip 7 —% joumsAqL
So - Szo in 2 -v “1 7=58"0 "1d SI-g Wes oe Ip 1 -% ULMIPUISOIY LT,
co. - zo 18 9 -€ amie ‘ts Of-SI ‘ZI —~ ‘9 ‘Ip t -z~ oeazeyqding ouryeqy
np ieee Sl ‘13 O7-S 9'% -9°0 13 OF-Ol ‘g - ‘% ‘Ip @ -% ayeipAy uidiay
(c=. OO ‘tM Of-O1 pF Seal ap? v.31 Os .1'Ou "ZO ST ‘IO Buryyurqea1ay,
‘ha, £0 ‘ar $1-6 Rice se apit-%. ‘ve=-='g Ip 9 -2 dUaqe1aT,
iRise ls 8 "Ip z -I Ga 98 "Ip v -z 709 — ‘Ot "ZO @ —I 3X0 ‘DIT
t= £0 "3. OF-S OF sr E ‘13 ob-ot ‘SI - ‘Y ‘Ip v -I "X47
a 1 =e fee)
ou, ser O
ZO — 9g0'O
zo - 900
Pig IO
On al. O
‘9 - a
‘2 - -
Zo —§ 90
es 9'0
ee Oo
‘vy - 07
CA es Hh)
Pea OO,
9'0
‘ITIP
90a
ur Og-OI ‘S1=
‘mM g -z y- 9g
MI aero OSG
wm 1 —Y oy ena
33 1 —% Br St
"13 9-92 zZo'o -goo'o
"13 € -I Go - zo
"Id Z I fO'—= 2:0
13 S -z go- £0
wr Se =? Vt tls 9:0
‘Ip 7~-% § ‘eI-
0 ats, eal 2
‘Ti O9-O1 'g -
13 O9-OI °Q -
‘a Og-O1 GI-
ip 1 -% Si
13 ot-L ‘€ - g'0
"13 SI-O1 ME yp nkis?
‘18 Ol Cr -
‘qjody ‘O1I}PTN
ave
‘UL ~OQ-—OPF
‘Ta ob-o0z
"13 OL-OZ
"18 O£-OZ
ne eo
seo
13 3 -€
"18 9 -€
‘18 OI-S
‘Ml OZ-OI
‘Ipees—I
‘Ip € -1
"Ip @ -I
‘Ip @ -I
"Ip Vv -z
‘Ip1-%
"13 SP-O1
"18 O€-SI
‘18 O7-SI
‘yjody
HNIMS GNWV dHHHS
‘ozI— foe "70 P-—-I
‘}XH PIA
(MBPT WOR[_G ) ‘unig winuinqgiA
Cle — ee hPa cae
Orpie. Y Wpue =!
SP re 8B "AD ae?
Ege ae 1 Ip 1 —%
€10 -f€o'o ‘Id © —%
Ae ee olen ete
Lh OnE 3 Ip ¢ -I
oh Ca ap v -I
eet aa es ‘Ip 1 -%
Gu MOL jt ZO vee
[0On—— Obs |“ "ZOee 1
(O@l= “O00... “20 ') --é
09° =) BEI ZO... 8
ne 1p "Ip v -1
C1) a Dv a1
ge ABI Ip Vv =I
“D1IITN ‘qjody
MOD GUNV HSXOH
(So6r) “youTy:
(0681) ‘JouLL
3H “Pla
apPLIA wWnAyels/A
JUTA}eII A
DUIZ
uoly
‘HOW Y ‘1al[BA
TLO
“UOMINY “JOULL
‘JOULL
XH Pl
UBIII[vA
( Adiaqivag )
JRA PLA ‘Is1g BAQ
TxA PIT ‘osepysn,
u1do1jO1Q
sueyye1y
voi
‘Wynom Aq asop aq} %
A]qensn sproyexye Jo solmsapodAy ‘Sop aq} 10} asop 94} % SI }¥o dt} 10} asop 9y} ‘[e19uEs UY
v-. 90 ‘W Og-OI C1- oa? | Oa Ai 09 -— ‘OC ‘ZO Zz -I ‘yOuUnL
pe SAPs -# = Aah (0 ies | dnids
goo’ —» £010 >. ist. =€ Bok eo ime ge 8 yor G08 Sta Oe0 UISoIOI1O
'¢ —— 1-8 O49 UE OCS “Qi yp aip.e -I ‘Of. So wp ig=—2 ‘eT, Ae
z- ¢:0 ‘1d of-S o> | RE 0 ies at ‘Ot (—- FQ Va Re IIqIBUIZ
z’O — 9g0'O Is € -I Bo <8:0%" 413, 9% Po =e i Ta -Oe o}BURIIDIBA
SO. —.- 10. “156. %-€ el OO. -- tmaOg-Ol Bat Saab ae oat oyeydins
900’ —S100'6 “as. 218% ti1o'o —sto0"0** “Id 4-8. £10 — bolo 58 EHF . epiydsoyd
9°0 — go°o ‘48 OI-I Ei — O10 he @r7-Ox «Se ushd Apetiee” 8 Bar sos f apIxo
€ro-— Yoo Is 2 ~$ Cr = g'0 °a8 07-01 Fatale pines DRED 9 Car ae apIpoy
£10. 720 0 Is z -% Cl =". 970". *1d-0¢-O1 ier Suro or pees k spimoig
Cro — €o'o ° “41d 2 —§ el =. 9°0 "18 .0z-O1 CS Ps ~ Spe es 1 d}e}IIY OULZ
g- ‘yap & -1 ‘S1= Bo a SON pe 79 — “Of "20 @ =I 4X "PI “89Z
p-— Co ‘ut .o9-S ‘ZI- vo Ips 1 709 — —« “S1- “zoo7 —F ob <2 8)
(ysy Apyord ) ‘mn Axoyyuex
him ae Oe UE, S1=S. AS ea ‘S. - “A026° =F ‘of — 'g ‘ZO1-—AIPZ [IO WseIss19OIM
‘SI- y. wupv-1 "ve- ‘9 ‘Ip9 -z dnidS‘Ar19GD PIIM
CI- aD 1 ‘OQ- Oe. "ZO Bi "ozI-— |. 09 «ZO *F -% AdysIqM
"y - Le “ms ag=5.1 'Q- ‘7% ‘ap bv -€ ‘OZI= -O8- “"ZO-P =I IesoulA
THERAPEUTIC TERMS
50
THERAPEUTIC TERMS.
ABLUENT. A Cleansing agent. (Soap and
water.)
ABORTIFACIENT. An agent causing premature
birth of young. (Ergot.)
ABSORBENT. An agent causing absorption of
exudates or diseased tissues. (Iodine. Chalk.)
Acrip. A sharp, biting substance. (Pepper.)
ADJUVANT. A medicine that assists the action
of another. (Calomel with Aloes.)
ALIMENT. A material which nourishes.
(Food.)
ALKALOID. A term derived from the Arabic
“Alkali” for Potash. The ending oid is from
the Greek which means like, hence “Alkaloid”
is a substance which reacts with litmus like an
alkali and forms a salt with an acid. The
prefix in “Alkali” is the Arabic “al” which is the
definite article, ‘the,’ hence “alkali” literally
means “the Potash.” The modern use of the
term alkaloid, however, has no reference to pot-
ash, but is used to designate a certain class of
active principles obtained from plants. They
are organic bases containing nitrogen and form
salts with acids. (Atropine.)
ALTERATIVE. A medicine used to modily nu-
trition so as to evercome morbid processes. (Po-
tassium Iodide.)
ANALGESIC. A medicine used to alleviate pain.
(Opium. )
ANAPHRODISIAC. A medicine used to allay
sexual excitement. (Potassium Bromide.)
ANESTHETIC. An agent used to produce insen-
sibility to pain. (Chloroform. )
a i
ANHIpROTIC. An agent which lessens the se-
cretion of sweat. (Belladonna.)
ANODYNE. An agent which diminishes sensi-
bility to pain. (Compound Spirit of Ether.)
AnTacip. A medicine used to neutralize acids
in the stomach and intestines. (Liquor Po-
tassae. )
ANTAGONIST. A medicine which opposes the
action of another medicine in the system. (Po-
tassium Bromide and Strychnine. )
ANTHELMINTIC. A remedy for destroying or
expelling worms or to prevent their develop-
ment. (Santonin.)
ANTIDOTE. A substance to counteract poisons.
(Sulphates in Carbolic Acid poisoning. )
ANTI-EMETIC. An agent which allays vomit-
ing. (Bismuth Subnitrate.)
ANTIFEBRILE. An agent for the reduction of
fever. (Acetanilid.)
ANTILITHIC. An agent tending to dissolve or
cure stone or gravel. (Potassium Citrate.)
ANTIPARASITIC. A substance that destroys or
drives away insects. (mssential Oils.)
ANTIPERIODIC. A medicine which tends to
prevent the periodic recurrence of disease.
(Quinine. )
ANTIPHLOGISTIC. Any medicine or treatment
which tends to check inflammation. (Aconite.)
ANTIPYRETIC. A medicine to reduce body
temperature in fevers. (Salicylic Acid.)
_ ANTISEPTIC. An agent antagonizing sepsis or
putrefaction. (Carbolic Acid.)
ANTISPASMODIC. A medicine for preventing or
relieving spasms. (Vaterian.)
52
ANTITHERMIcC. An agent for the reduction of
high temperature. .(Antipyrin.)
ANTIzyMotTic. A substance preventing fer-
mentation. (Salicylic Acid.) :
APERIENT. A mild agent for opening the bow-
els. (Rochelle Salts.)
ApHropisiac. An agent for stimulating sexual
power. (Damiana. )
Aromatic. A medicine possessing a spicy or
pungent taste and odor, and more or less stimu-
lating to the mucosa of the alimentary tract.
(Cardamom. )
ASTRINGENT. A medicine causing contraction
or constriction of tissues. (Tannin.)
AUXILIARY. A medicine that assists another.
(Chloral with Potassium Bromide.)
Bitter. A medicine with a bitter taste stimu-
lating the gastro-intestinal mucosa without ma-
terially affecting the general system. (Gentian.)
BLENORRHAGIC. A remedy for increasing the
secretion of mucus. (Balsam Tolu.)
BLISTER. An agent, which when applied to
the skin, causes a local inflammatory exudation
of serum under the epidermis. (Cantharides. )
CACHEXIA. A term used to designate any mor-
bid tendency, dyscrasia, or depraved condition
of general nutrition, etc., used particularly in
connection with scrofula, syphilis, cancer, etc.
CALEFACIENT. A medicine applied externally
to produce a sensation of warmth to the part to
which it is applied. (Mustard.)
CALMANT. A medicine which lowers func-
tional activity. (Aconite.)
CALMATIVE. A medicine which quiets. (Mor-
. phine.) :
Be
CALORIFACIENT. A substance which has the
power of developing heat in the system. (Fats,
Cod Liver Oil.)
CALORIFIC. Same as Calorifacient.
CARDIAC DEPRESSANT. A medicine to reduce
the heart’s action. (Veratrine.)
CARDIAC STIMULANT. A medicine used to in-
crease the heart’s action. (Digitalis. )
CARMINATIVE. A remedy which allays pain by
causing the expulsion of flatus from the alimen-
tary canal. (Asafetida. )
CATALEPTIC. An agent causing animals to lose
power over their muscles. (Cannabis.)
CaTALyTic. A medicine counter-acting or de-
stroying morbid agencies in the blood. (Calo-
mel. )
CATHARTIC. A medicine which quickens or
increases evacuations from the intestines. (Cas-
tor Oil.)
CATHARTIC, CHOLAGOGUE. An agent stimulat-
ing the stool and flow of bile at the same time.
(Podophyllin. )
CATHARTIC, Drastic. A medicine producing
violent action of the bowels with griping pain.
( Jalap.)
CATHARTIC, Hypracgoagur. A remedy which
causes copious watery stools. (EHElaterium.)
CATHARTIC, SALINE. Neutral salts of metals
of the alkalies or alkaline earths which increase
the stools. (Magnesium Sulphate.)
CATHARTIC, SIMPLE. A substance which causes
one or two actions of the bowels. (Senna.)
Caustic. An agent used to destroy living
tissue. (Silver Nitrate.)
54
CautTery. A substance used to corrode or de-
stroy living tissues. (Nitric Acid.)
Cautery, ActuaL. A heated metal or fire em-
ployed to destroy living flesh.
CAUTERY, PoTENTIAL. A chemical used to de-
stroy flesh. (Nitric Acid.)
CHALYBEATE. A tonic containing iron. (Tinct-
ure of Chloride of Iron.)
CHoLacocur. A drug provoking the flow of
bile. (Podophyllum.)
CoNDIMENT. A substance used to improve the
savor of food. (Salt, Pepper.)
CONSERVATIVE. A substance used for the pres-
ervation of others. (Honey.)
CONSTRINGENT. An agent producing constric-
tion of organic tissue. (Oak Bark.)
ConvuLsAantT. A medicine causing convulsions.
(Strychnine. )
CorpIAL. A medicine which increases the
strength and raises the spirits when depressed.
( Alcohol.)
CoRRECTIVE. An agent used to correct or ren-
der more pleasant the action of other remedies,
especially purgatives. (Coriander.)
Corrosive. A substance which disorganizes
or destroys living tissue. (Nitric Acid.)
CouNTER IRRITANT. A remedy used to pro-
duce an irritation in one part to relieve a pain
in another part. (Blister.)
CUMULATIVE Porson. A poison which finally
acts with violence after several successive doses
have been taken with little or no apparent effect.
(Strychnine. )
DEBILITANT. An agent which diminishes the
energy of organs. (Lobelia.)
Se
DEFERVESCENT. An agent to reduce fever.
(Aconite. )
DELIRIANT. A substance which produces de-
lirium. (Stramonium.)
DELIRIFACIENT, (like deliriant). Tending to
cause delirium. (Alcohol.) ;
DEMULCENT. A mucilaginous or oily sub-
stance to soothe and protect irritated mucous
membranes. (Ulmus.)
DEOBSTRUENT. A medicine to remove func-
tional obstructions in the system. (Aloes.)
DeopoRANT. A substance to conceal or de-
stroy foul odors. (Phenol. )
DeEoporizErR (like deodorant) to hide or de-
stroy foul odors. (Chlorine.)
DEPILATORY. A substance to remove hair.
(Barium Sulphide.)
DEPLETIVE. A substance to reduce the vital
power of the system. (Aconite.)
DepLeTorRY. An agent to diminish the quan-
tity of liquid in the body. (Potassium Nitrate.)
DEPRESSANT. An agent to lower the vital
power. (Aconite.)
Depresso-Motor. A medicine to lessen motor
activity. (Bromides.)
Depurant. An agent to cleanse foul sores,
etc. (Hydrogen Dioxide.)
DEPURATIVE. A medicine to act upon the
emunctories so as to cause excretion and thereby
purify the system. (Hot Drinks.)
DepurRAToRY. An agent to purify the blood,
ete. (Sulphur.)
DERMATIC. A remedy used in skin diseases.
(Resorcin. )
56
DerMic. A medicine acting through the skin. |
(Liniments. )
DERIVATIVE. An agent to draw the fluids
from one part of the body to another to lessen or
relieve a morbid process. (Mustard.)
DesiccanTt. A medicine or application for
drying up sores. (Boric Acid.)
DesiccaTiveE. An applicatson for drying up
secretions. (Zinc Oxide.)
Desiccatory. A remedy applied externally
to dry up the moisture or fluids from a wound.
(Starch. )
DesquaMatTic. A remedy to remove scales
from the skin or bones. (Potassium Iodide.)
DETERGENT. An agent to cleanse wounds and
ulcers. (Soap and Water.)
DIAPHORETIC. A medicine to produce sweat-
ing. (Pilocarpine.)
DIARRHETIC. A remedy producing profuse
stools. (Mandrake.)
Dietetic. A nutritious remedy. (Arrow-
Root.)
DIGESTANT. A substance to aid the solution of
food in the mouth, stomach, or intestines. (Pep-
sin, Pancreatin.)
DicEstive. A tonic which promotes digestive
processes. (Quassia.)
DILUENT. A medicine to dilute secretions and
excretions. (Gamboge.)
DISCUTIENT. A remedy to effect the absorp-
tion of tumors.
DISINFECTANT. A substance with the power
of destroying disease germs or the noxious prop-
erties of decaying organic matter. (Formalde-
hyde. )
57
DISSOLVENT. A remedy promoting solution of
tissue. (lIodides.)
Diuretic. A drug to increase the secretion of
urine. (Buchu.)
Drastic. An agent to cause violent action of
the bowels. (Croton Oil.) g
Ecsortic. A drug to produce abortion.
(Ergot. )
ELecTuAry. A composition of soft consistence
taken internally to allay irritation or alleviate
disease. (Honey, Molasses.)
ELIMINATIVE. An agent to remove material
from the body. (Magnesium Sulphate. )
Emetic. A medicine to produce vomiting.
(Ipecac. )
EMMENAGOGUE. A drug to stimulate menstru-
ation. (Potassium Permanganate. ) .
EMOLLIENT. A substance used externally to
mechanically soften and protect tissues. (Flax-
seed Poultice, Oils.)
HEpispastic. An agent to produce a blister.
(Strong Ammonia.)
ERRHINE. An agent to increase the nasal se-
eretions. (Formalin.)
EscHaAroTic. A substance to destroy tissue.
(Chromic Acid.)
EvacuanTt. A medicine to expel substances
3 from the body—chiefly with reference to the in-
testines. (Aloes.)
ExciTant. An agent to arouse vital activity,
or to produce increased action in an organism
or any of its tissues. (Nux Vomica.)
EXHILARANT. An agent to stimulate the
mind. (Alcohol.)
58
EXPECTORANT. A medicine to act upon the
pulmonary mucous membrane to increase or
alter its secretions. (Ammonium Chloride.)
FEBRIFUGE. An agent to decrease _ fever.
(Aconite.) «=
GALACTAGOGUE. A medicine to increase the
secretion of milk. (Pilocarpine.)
GERMICIDE. An agent to destroy parasites.
(Carbolic Acid.) :
HemMatTinic. A tonic for the blood. (Hemo-
globin. Iron Preparations.)
HemouytTic. An agent which impoverishes
the blood. (Mineral acids.)
Hemostatic. A remedy to check bleeding.
(Iron Subsulphate. Monsell’s Powder.)
Hepatic DEPRESSANT or Sedative. A medi-
cine to decrease the functions of the liver.
(Opium. )
Hepatic STIMULANT. A drug to increase the
liver’s functions. (Nitrohydrochloric Acid.)
Hypracocur. An agent causing full watery
discharges from the bowels. (Gamboge.)
Hyprotic or Hiprotic. An agent to produce
perspiration. (Spirit Nitrous Ether.)
HYPERESTHETIC. Increasing the sensitiveness
of the skin.
Hypnotic. A drug producing sleep. (Chloral.)
HypostHenic. A debilitating medicine. (Lo-e
belia. )
INcITANT. A remedy to excite functional ac-
tivity. (Strychnine. )
INSECTICIDE. A remedy to destroy insects.
(Benzine. )
INTOXICANT. An agent to excite or stupefy.
( Alcohol.)
59
IRRITANT. A substance causing irritation,
pain, inflammation and tension, either by me-
chanical or chemical action. (Heat, Mustard.)
LACTAGOGUE. An agent to increase the secre-
tion of milk. (Malt.)
LAXATIVE. A medicine acting mildly in open-
ing or loosening the bowels. (Sulphur.)
LENITIvVE. An agent having the quality of
easing pain or protecting tissues from the action
of irritants. (Oils.)
LIQUEFACIENT. An agent promoting the liqui-
fying processes of the system. (lodine.)
LITHAGOGUE. An agent to expel calculi from
bladder or kidney. (Benzoic Acid or Benzoates. )
LirHoLyTic. An agent to dissolve gravel.
(Ammonium Benzoate. )
LITHONTRIPTIC. An agent to dissoive gravel.
(Potassium Carbonate. )
LocaL ANESTHETIC. A medicine to destroy
sensation, when applied locally. (Cocaine Hy-
drochloride. )
LocaL ASTRINGENT. An agent to contract the
tissues with which it comes in contact. (Lead
Acetate. )
LupricaAntT. An agent to soothe irritation in
the throat, fauces, etc. (Olive Oil. Honey.)
MECHANICAL. An agent acting on a physical
basis. (Slippery Elm.)
. MEDICAMENT. Any agent used for curing dis-
eases or wounds. (Belladonna. )
MepIcINE. A substance administered in the
treatment of disease. (Arsenic.)
Mypriatic. An agent causing dilatation of
the pupil. (Atropine. Cocaine.)
60
Myotic. A drug causing contraction of the
pupil. (Morphine.) .
Narcotic. A powerful remedy causing stupor.
(Opium. )
NAUSEANT. A substance causing sickness in
the stomach. (Ipecac.)
NepHritic. Medicine used in renal diseases.
(Uva Ursi.)
NERVINE. Medicine to calm the nervous sys-
tem. (Bromides.)
Neurotic. A medicine acting upon the nerv-
ous system. (Camphor Monobromide. )
NUTRIENT. A substance to build up the
wasted tissues of the system. (Cod Liver Oil.)
NUTRIMENT. Any substance which promotes
growth and repairs the waste of the tissues.
(Food. )
OBTUNDENT. An agent which relieves irrita-
tion or reduces sensibility. (Opium.)
OponTaLeic. An agent for the relief of tooth-—
ache. (Oil of Cloves.)
OpoRANT. A substance with a pronounced
odor. (Musk.)
OpiaATE. A medicine causing sleep. (Opium,
Chloral. ) -
OxytTocic. An agent to aid or produce parturi-
tion. (Ergot. Cotton Root.)
OxYURICIDE. An agent destructive to parasi-
tic (Oxyuris) worms. (Santonin.)
PABULUM. Any material which affords nour-
ishment to the tissues. (Food.)
PALLIATIVE. A remedy for the relief but not
necessarily the cure of a disease. (Morphine.)
PANACEA. A remedy pretending to cure all
diseases. (Some Patent Medicines.) ]
61
PARASITICIDE. A remedy for the destruction
of parasites. (Calcium Sulphide.)
PARTURIENT or Parturifacient. A medicine to
aid in the birth of the young. (Ustilago.)
PERISTALTIC. A drug increasing the move-
ment or contraction of the intestines. (Strych-
nine. )
PLacEBo. An inert substance given to satisfy
a patient. (Sugar of Milk, Bread Pill.)
Porson. A substance which in _ sufficient
amount is destructive to life. (Prussic Acid.)
POTENTIAL. A remedy which though power-
ful, is somewhat delayed in its action. (Ar-
senic.)
PRESERVATIVE. An agent to prevent deteriora- «
tion of another substance. (Boric Acid.)
PREVENTIVE. Any measure or agent which re-
tards or prevents disease. (Hygiene. Quinine
as a preventive of malaria.)
PrRopHyLactTic. _.A medicine to prevent the
taking or development of disease. (Vaccine. )
PROTECTIVE. An agent to protect the part to
which it is applied. (Collodion.)
PUNGENT. An agent sharp and stimulating in
its action. (Ammonia.)
PurRGATIVE. A medicine to produce increased
discharges from the bowels. (Aloes.)
PUSTULANT. An agent which, wnen applied
externally, causes the formation of pus. (Croton
Oil.)
RECUPERATIVE. A medicine to restore strength.
(Cod Liver Oil.)
REFRIGERANT. An agent which produces the
sensation of coolness. (Alcohol externally.)
62
RELAXANT. An agent that relieves contracted
tissues, muscles, ete. (Chloroform.)
ReMEDYy. An agent used in the treatment of
disease. (Medicine.)
REPARATIVE. A substance to restore debili-
tated tissues. (Food. Tonics.)
RESOLVENT. A remedy for the removal of
hard tumors. (lIodine.)
RESTORATIVE. A medicine for causing a re-
turn of bodily vigor. (Arsenic. Strychnine.)
REVULSANT or Revulsive. An agent that by
irritation, draws fiuid from a distant diseased
part. (Cantharides.)
RUBEFACIENT. An agent ‘causing irritation
and redness of the skin. (Mustard. }
SALINE. A cooling salt. (Magnesium Sul-
phate. )
SEDATIVE. A medicine to decrease functional
activity. (Potassium Bromide.)
Septic. An agent that promotes putrefaction.
(Bacteria. )
SIALAGOGUE. A medicine that promotes the
flow of saliva. (Pyretnrum. Pilocarpus.)
SIMPLE Bitter. A drug with a bitter taste
and tonic action. (Calumba. Quassia.)
SOMNIFACIENT. An agent to induce sleep.
(Morphine. )
Soporiric. A drug causing drowsiness and
sleep. (Morphine.)
SoRBEFACIENT. A medicine causing abortion.
(Ergot. )
Spreciric. A remedy supposed to exert a spe-
cial action in the prevention or cure of certain
diseases. (Quinine in Malaria, Potassium Iodide
in Actinomycosis.)
63
STERNUTATORY. An agent causing sneezing.
(White Hellebore.)
STIMULANT. A medicine to increase or quick-
en functional activity. (Ammonium Carbonate.)
StomacHic. A drug to stimulate functional
activity of the stomach. (Gentian.)
StomatTic. A medicine used for diseases of
the mouth. (Potassium Chlorate. Borax.)
STUPEFACIENT. A drug causing stupefaction.
(Opium. )
Styptic. Agents causing contraction of blood
vessels to check bleeding. (Alum.)
SUCCEDANEUM. A medicine that may be sub-
stituted for others possessing similar properties.
(Chloral for Potassium Bromide.)
Suporiric. A medicine or agent causing in-~
creased sweating. (Jaborandi.)
SUPPURANT. A substance causing the forma-
tion of pus. (Croton Oil.)
SYNERGIST. A drug which cooperates or as-
sists the action of another. (Chloral with Bro-
mides. )
TaENicIDE. A remedy for destroying tape
worms. (Male Fern.)
TAENIFUGE. An agent to expel tape worms.
(Areca Nut.)
TreTanic. A drug which increases the irrita-
bility of the cord or muscles producing spasms.
(Strychnine.)
Tonic. A medicine promoting nutrition and
giving tone to the system. (Arsenic.)
Topic or Topical. An external local remedy.
(Liniment. )
Toxic. A poisonous’ substance. (Phos-
phorus. )
64
TrICOPHYIA. Remedies promoting the growth
of the hair. (Pilocarpine.)
UTERINE. An agent acting upon the uterus.
(Ustilage. )
VEHICLE. A substance used as a medium for
the administration of medicines. (Syrups.)
VERMICIDE. An agent to destroy parasitic
worms. (Creosote.)
VERMIFUGE. An agent to expel parasitic
worms. (Arecoline Hydrobromide. Purgatives.)
VESICANT. A blistering agent. (Cantharides.)
Virus. A poison causing a morbid process or
disease; a pathogenic organism. (Cowpox.
Virus of Rabies.)
VULNERARY. Any remedy or agent for healing
wounds. (Ointments, etc.)
ZOIATRICA. Veterinary Medicines.
TERMINATION OF MEDICAL TERMS *
AE-RE-SIS (airesis, a taking of anything). Ex-
ample (dia, throughout, Di-x-re-sis, a breach of
continuity.
A-GOGUE (agogos, one who leads), denoting
substances which expel others. Example, chola-
gogues (chole, bile), purgatives expelling bile.
AG-RA (agra, seizure), denoting seizure or
pain, generally applied to gout. Ex., Cheir-
ag-ra (cheir) gout in the hand. Ment-ag-ra
(mentum, chin), eruption on the chin.
At-GI-A (algos, pain). Ex., Ceph-al-al-gi-a
(kephale, the head). Neu-ral-gi-a, pain in a
nerve.
CELE (kKele, a tumor). Ex. (bvbonbon, the
groin), Bu-bon-o-cele, a tumor in the groin.
» Adapted from Hoblyn’s Medical Dictionary.
65
CEPH-A-LUS (kephale, the head), denoting
some affection of the head. Ex., A-ceph-a-lus,
without a head.
CrA-NI-UM (kKranion, the skull), denoting the
head of anything; (olene, the ulna). O-le-cra-
non, the head of the ulna.
Dem-iIc, (demos, a people). En-dem-ic, dis-
eases in or among, or peculiar to a people.
EN-TER-Y (entera, the bowels), denoting affec-
tions of the bowels. Ex. (dus, with difficulty).
Dys-en-ter-y, inflammation of mucous mem-
brane of large intestines.
Fa-cI-ENT (fa-ci-o, to make), denoting the
production of any particular effect. Ex., Ru-be-
fa-ci-ent, a substance which makes the body
red.
Form (forma, likeness), denoting resem-
lance, Ex., A-e-ri-form, like air.
Fuce (fugo, I expel), denoting that which ex-
pels. Ex., Feb-ri-fuge, a substance which expels
fever.
GEN—GEN-E-SIS—GEN-OUS (genesis, genera-
tion), denoting production or generation. Ex.,
Oxygen (oxvus, acid), generating acid, aS was
supposed, Ex-o-ge-nous, outside growing, applied
to plants growing by external increase.
GNo-sIs (gnosis, Knowledge). Ex. (dia,
through-out). Di-ag-no-sis, distinction of dis-
eases.
GRAPH-Y (graphe, writing), a description of
anything. Ex., Ad-e-no-graph-y, (aden, a
gland), a description of the glands.
HEx-I-A (exis, a habit), denoting an habitual
state. Cac-hex-i-a (kakos, bad), bad state of the
pody.
66
LeEp-sy (lepsis, a taking), denoting the act of
taking). Cat-a-lep-sy (kata, thoroughly), a
spasmodic attack of the limbs retaining them
in one position.
Lo-cy (logos, an account), denoting a treatise
on or description of anything. Ex., Os-te-ol-o-gy
(osteos, a bone), a description of the bones.
Ly-sIs (lusis, a loosening). Ex., A-nal-y-sis,
the resolution of a compound body into its con-
stituent parts.
Ma-NI-A (mania, madness). Ex., Mo-no-ma-
ni-a (monos, alone), madness on one subject.
ME-TER (metron, a measure). Ex., Ther-mom-
e-ter (therme, heat), a measurer of heat.
O-DYNE—O-DYN-I-A (odune pain). Ex., An-o-
dyne, without pain.
O1p (eidos, likeness). Ex., Ad-en-oid (aden-
gland), like a gland.
OPpH-THAL-MOoS (opthalmos, the eye). Xer-oph-
thal-mi-a (veros, dry), dryness of the eye.
O-REX-I-A (orexis, appetite or desire.) Ex.,
An-o-rex-i-a, want of appetite.
PATH-I-A—PATHY (pathos, affection). Ex.,
Ho-moe-o-path-y (omoios, similar), the art of
curing by inducing a similar disease.
PEpP-SI-A (pepsis, digestion). Dys-pep-si-a (dus
with difficulty), difficult digestion.
PHA-GI-A (phago, to eat). Ex., Dys-pha-gi-a,
difficulty of swallowing.
Puo-BI-A (phobos, fear). Ex., Hy-dro-pho-
bi-a, (udor, water), dread of water.
PHO-NI-A (phone, voice). Ex., A-pho-ni-a,
loss of voice.
PHo-RUS (phero, I convey). Ex., Phos-phor-us
(phos, light). conveying light.
67
Puy-sis (phusis, nature), denoting production
or existence. Ex., Sym-phy-sis (swm, with), the
growing together of bones, as of ossa pubis.
PLE-GI-A (plege, a_ stroke). He-mi-ple-gi-a
(Hemisus, half), a paralysis of one side of the
body.
PNOEA (pnoia, breathing). Ex., Dys-pnea,
difficulty of breathing.
Pro-sis (ptosis, a falling dewn).
Pry-sis (ptusis, a spitting). Ex., He-mo-pty-
sis (Haima, blood), a spitting of blood.
RuaA-Gi-a (vago, I burst forth). Ex., Hem-or-
rha-gi-a, a bursting forth of blood.
-RAPH-E (raphe, a seam). Ex., Staph-y-lor-
rapn-y,a sewing up of fissures of the palate.
RuHora (reo, I flow). Ex., Leu-cor-rhea
(Leukos, white), a white discharge.
SAR-CA- Or SaAR-CI-A (Sara, flesh). Ex., Poly-
sar-ci-a (polus, much), excess of fiesh.
ScopE—Sco-py (skopos, an inspection. Oph-
thal-mo-scope, an instrument to inspect the eye.
Srasis (istemi, I stand), denoting a standing
or position in a place. Ex., Met-a-sta-sis (meta,
a preposition denoting change frcem_ one
place to another), transference to another part.
Sto-ma (stoma, the mouth). Di-sto-ma (dis,
twice), two-mouthed.
TuEsis (thesis, a position). Di-ath-e-sis, (dia,
throughout.) The condition throughout, con-
stitutional condition.
ToME—To-my (tome, a section). An-at-o-my,
cutting up a aissection. Ker-a-tome, a knife for
dividing the cornea.
To-nI-A—To-nos (toncs, tension). Ex.
68
A-to-nia
A-ton-ic
Tro-pHy (trophe, nourishment). A-tro-phy,
defective nutrition.
U-RE-SIS—U-RI-A (ouresis, the act of discharg-
ing urine). Ex., Dys-ur-i-a, difficulty of dis-
charging the urine.
without tone.
PRESCRIPTION WRITING.
A prescription may be defined as a written
order or formula of ingredients, with directions
to the compounder and instructions for the
guidance of the patient. The term is derived .
from the Latin prae “before” and scriptum
“written.”
It is generally conceded that Latin is the best
language for. prescriptions. It is a dead lan-
guage and therefore not subject to the varia-
tions which modern languages are continually
undergoing. It is unchangeable the world over
and a prescription written in this country may
be put up in a foreign country with equal fa-
cility. The Latin name of a drug is distinctive
and as a rule means only a given drug and am-
biguity is therefore avoided; in some of the
modern languages a given drug may have a va-
riety of names, and in some cases the same
name is applied to different drugs. Finally
there is an element of secrecy which is often
desirable to prevent the patient or general pub-
lic from knowing what has been prescribed and
there is less likelihood of “self doctoring” or
using the prescription for some disorder for
which it is not applicable.
69
A true principle of a prescription as based
upon a maxim of Asclepiades, curare cito, tuto
et jucunde, is to cure quickly, safely and pleas-
antly. According to this rule the typical pre-
scription should contain, in the first place, an
ingredient which is expected to relieve or cure
the patient and is therefore called the basis;
second, an ingredient designed to assist the
action of the basis so that it may do its work
more quickly, designated as the adjuvant;
third, a substance intended to correct or modify
any undesirable or injurious effect of the basis
or adjuvant, or to cause it to act more safely
than if used alone, and on this account is re-
ferred to as a corrective; and fourth, a_ sub-
stance may be added, which will give such form
and consistence to the preparation as to make it
pleasant and at the same time dilute the whole
preparation to the proper proportion for meas-
uring out~- the intended doses, termed the
vehicle. The following table will express the
idea in a concrete form:
Curare (Cure) with the (Basis).
Cito (Quickly ) f ‘“ (Adjuvant).
Tuto (Safely ) ee. > (Correetive):
-et
Jucunde (Pleasantly) “ nA. 3 ( Vehpele)y:
In Veterinary practice jucunde is generally
ignored as the patients do not take to the idea
of medicines pleasantly as a rule, and the prin-
cipal use of the vehicle is to dilute the ingredi-
ents to the proper dosage.
In addition to the ingredients other data are
given, such as the date, name of patient, direc-
70
tions to the compounder and to the patient, and
the signature of the physician. Taking the pre-
scription in its entirety it may be divided as fol-
lows:
Superseription or heading includes the symbol
(Recipe) the first direction, “take.”
Inscription, the ingredients, or basis, adjuvant,
corrective and vehicle.
Subscription, the directions to the compounder.
Transcription or Signature, the directions to
the patient and the signature of the prescriber
with the date.
In a simple prescription the basis may be the
only ingredient. In a compound prescription
(with two or more ingredients), the agents
added may be neither adjuvant nor corrective
and yet be a good prescription. It is desirable,
however, to keep the consideration of a “typical”
prescription in mind.
Unusual doses of a powerful drug may be re-
fused by the pharmacist unless some indication
is made that the dose is intended. This is usu-
ally done by underscoring the dose, or better
yet writing after it the abbreviation q. R. (Quan-
tum Rectum.)
Practice makes proficiency in prescription
writing. The prescription needs study as much
as any other subject and the student should
practise the writing of it, independently of any
demand, simply for the experience.
To the beginner the following general hints
from Sollman should be of benefit: ‘““When writ-
ing a prescription for a given condition, put
down, first, the name of the best remedy. Ask
71
yourself whether there is any other drug which
may be employed to aid this. Put this down
alsc. Then consider in which form the medi-
cine should be administered, whether as liquid,
powder, salve, etc. This will usually determine
which preparation of the ingredient is to be
employed. Put this down also. Then ask your-
self what may be added to render the mixture
agreeable to the patient. When this is written
down, all the ingredients will be represented.
Now look over this carefully and see that there
are no incompatibilities and that the constitu-
ents are soluble if the mixture is to be a liquid.
Next insert the endings. Write the directions
to the dispenser. Now consider the doses of
the mixture, teaspoonful, tablespoonful, etc.,
the approximate number of doses, and from
these calculate the size of the mixture. It
should be considered how many doses are to be
taken each day (on the basis of sixteen hours
a day); this, multiplied by the number of days,
gives approximately the size of the mixture.
Then write the directions to the patient. Now
' consider how much of each ingredient is to be
given at each dose, multiply by the number of
doses, and write down the quantity. This fin-
ishes the prescription. Look over the result
carefully in the same order.”
72
A tonic prescription for the horse illustrating
the points referred to may be given as follows:
Mr. G——. Bay Mare, Daisy.
Superscription, R
Inscription,
Apoth. Met.
(Basis ) Nucis Vomice pulv., Duy 24
(Adjuvant) Ferri Sulphatis pulv., Ivy 4
(Corrective) Aloes Barbadensis pulv., a 12
(Vehicle) Syrupi Zingiberis, q. s.
Subscription. Misce et fiant boli sex.
Transcription or signature.
Give one ball morning and night.
RICHARD Rog, D.V.M.,
JAN. 2, 1905. 148 Second Street.
The metric system is coming more and more
into use so that a knowledge of it will in a few
years be indispensable. The beginner should
learn to write his prescriptions in both the
apothecary and metric systems.
The ingredients- of a prescription are _ fre-
quently abbreviated and although writing out
in full is better there is no special objection to
the former practice if there is no ambiguity in
the abbreviations. Grievous errors have oc-
curred in this way and too much caution cannot
be exercised in making the meaning clear, So
that the most ignorant drug clerk may avoid
error.
Numerous examples of ambiguous abbrevia-
tions might be given, but a few mentioned be-
low will serve as examples:
73
Acid hyd. may mean either hydrobromic, hydro-
chloric, hydriodic, or hydrocyanic acid.
Chlor. may mean chlorine, chloroform, chloral
hydrate, chlorate or chloride.
Hydr. Chior. may mean calomel, corrosive sub-
limate, hydrate of chloral, or hydrastin
hydrochloride.
The context may often assist in crriving at
the correct meaning of the abbreviation but it is
not safe in all cases to depend upon this.
A limited knowledge of Latin will serve to en-
able one to write prescriptions properly. The
student becomes familiar with the Latin names
of drugs if he has studied his Materia Medica
faithfully. The principal difficulty that he en-
counters is in making the changes necessary for
the correct grammatical wording to the dis-
penser and the grammatical ending of the in-
gredients and their quantities.
The following simple rules taken from Mann,
will, it is believed, enable one not previously ac-
quainted with Latin, to write proper prescrip-
tions with correct endings.
Rute I. The noun expressing the name of the
medicine is put in the genitive case, when the
quantity of it to be used is expressed.
Rute II. If no quantity is expressed, but
only a numeral adjective follows, the noun is
put in the accusative.
Rute III. The quantity is put in the accusa-
tive case governed by the imperative Recipe.
Rute IV. Adjectives agree with these nouns
in gender, number and case.
For every day practice the accusative of the
74
quantity is seldom written out but is usually ex-
pressed by the more convenient symbols. The
principal difficulty is the formation of the geni-
tive case. The following rules (Mann) will as-
sist in overcoming the difficulty. They apply
only to pharmacopeial nouns.
RULES FOR FORMATION OF GENITIVE CASE.
I. All nouns ending in a form the genitive in
@ as quinina, quinine. Exception.—Physostig-
ma, Physostigmatis, Coca is unchanged. Folia
is plural, Genitive Foliorum.
II. All nouns ending in ws, um, os, on, form
the genitive in i as Conium, Conii. Exceptions
—Rhus, gen. Rhois, Flos, gen. Floris, Erigeron,
gen. Hrigerontis, Fructus, Cornus, Quercus,
Spiritus, do not change.
III. All other nouns of whatever termination
make the genitive in s, or is, chloral, gen. chlor-
alis. Some lengthen the termination thus:
as genitive atis as Acetas, Acetatis.
is i idis as anthemis, Anthemidis.
O a onis as Pepo, - Peponis.
x i cis as Cortex, Corticis.
There are a few exceptions. Asclepias, gen.
Asclepiadis; Mas, gen. Maris; Phosphis, Sul-
phis, etc. gen. itis; Mucilago, gen. Mucilaginis ;
Solidago, gen. Solidaginis, ete.
The following words do not change in their
genitive.* Amyl, Azedarach, Berberis, Buchu,
fourth declension; the others are of the third. Apiol and
Sumbul are given as indeclinable by some authorities,
Dunglison gives Apiolum, 1; Sumbul,i; Amyl, Amylis is
also given.
75
nus, Curare, Fructus, Digitalis, Hydrastis, Ja-
borandi, Kino, Matico, Quercus, Sassafras, Sago,
Sinapis, Spiritus.
It is seldom necessary to use the accusative
of the nouns expressing the ingredients, only
when the quantity is omitted, and a numeral ad-
jective takes its place.
As before stated, the use of the Jaatoricinte
symbols renders it unnecessary, as a rule, to
write out in the accusative the words express-
ing quantity. Sometimes, however, it is desir-
able to do so, and the following simple rules
for the formation of the accusative of these
words are appended:
I. Nouns expressing quantity ending in a,
are feminine and make the accusative singular
in am and the plural in as. Example, Drachma,
acc. sing. Drachmam, pl. Drachmas.
II. Those ending in wm or ws make the accu-
sative singular in um. The accusative plural of
those in ws is os, and of those in um is a.
Those in ws are masculine, those in wm are
neuter.
Congius, acc. sing. Congium, acc. pl. Congios.
Granun, “ _ Granum, "ace: °** Grana:
The adjectives are declined like the nouns.
The numeral cardinal adjectives are indeclin-
able except unus, duo and tres.
They are thus declined.
Masculine. Feminine. Neuter.
Nom. unus, una, unum.
Gen. unius, unius, unius.
Ace. unum, unam, unum.
Masculine. Feminine.
Nom.
Gen.
Ace.
Nom.
Gen.
Ace.
76
duo,
duorum,
duos,
tres,
‘rium,
tres,
Neuter.
duae, duo.
duarum, duorum.
duas, duo.
tres, trie.
trium, trium.
tres, tria.
The following is a list of some of the more
frequently used numeral adjectives:
CARDINALS
oOo On nun FW ND
» Nw He ee en |
SESS 82 8S OY an kann io
70
ie.)
°
5.
85
x
xT
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
xX
XXI
XXII
XXX
XL
1
Lx
LXX
L XxX
XC
c
Unus
Duo
Tres
Quatuor
Quinque
Sex
Septem
Octo
Novem
Decem
Undecim
Duodecim
Tredecim
Quatuordecim
Quindecim
Sexdecim
Septendecim
Octodecim
Noveudecim
Vigenti
Vigenti unum
Vigenti duo
Triginta
Quadraginta
Quinquaginta
Sexaginta
Septuaginta
Octaginta
Nonaginta
Centum
I st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
&th
gth
Ioth
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
igth
2oth
2tist
22nd
30th
4oth
soth
6oth
7oth
80th
goth
tooth
ORDINALS
Primus
Secundus
Tertius
Quartus
Quintus
Sextus
Septimus
Octavus
Nonus
Decimus
Undecimus
Duodecimus
Tertius decimus
Quartus decimus
Quintus decimus
Sextus decimus
Septimus decimus
Octavus decimus
Nonus decimus
Vicesimus
Vicesimus primus
Vicesimus secundus
Tricesimus
Quadragesimus
Quinquagesimus
Sexagesimus
Septuagesimus
Octogesimus
Nonagesimus
Centesimus
77
The verbs are nearly all used in the impera-
tive mood; being addressed to the compounder.
The following are some of the more common ‘ex-
amples: Recipe, take; Misce, mix; Signa, mark;
Divide, divide; Mitte, send; Pone, put; Hxtende,
spread.
A few verbs are, however, in the subjunctive
mood of mild command, taking the subject re-
ferred to in the nominative case. e.g., fiat, plu-
ral fiant, let be made. Detur, plural dentur, let
be given. Sufficiat, may suffice. Repetatur, let
it be repeated.
Only a few prepositions are commonly used;
they are ad, to; ana (Greek), abbrev. a 4a, of
each; cum, with; in, into; ad and in govern the
accusative, cum, the ablative and ana the geni-
tive cases.
The following phrases are used: Fiat lotio.
Let a lotion be made. Dividatur in partes
equales. Let it be divided into equal parts.
Dentur tales doses. Let such doses be given.
Quantum sufficiat, abbrev. qd. s., aS much as may
suffice. Ne repetatur. Do not repeat.
‘The following abbreviated prescription may
be used, when written out in full and rendered
into Latin, to illustrate many of the points al-
ready referred to:
R Powd. Scammony, *) Ss
e Jalap, erv
Calomel, era
ITj
M. Fiat pulvis purgans.-
The prescription is taken from Pereira and
. Griffiths and when put into Latin would appear
and be explained as follows:
78
‘aTqeRulyo
‘oatpalpy
anbuind®
-apuy
(94y)
‘a9seo pure Jap
-U98 ‘ioqminu Ut
aATJUBYSqNS aq}
YIM voise sunoU
-oid pure satdion
-led ‘saanoelpy
TOY
‘MUNIN GNAIS
uM SsuULIsIsy
un “Do Ssnipiuig
oly ‘oulpnosem
lejnsuis ‘sales
-nooe ‘aarpolpy
“(Fley) wanipruarg
——
“1 DIIUN $1]0-4]L7 LLPOS SB
‘2AOqe SB a[NYy
‘adiaay &q
poursaos ‘2 ‘winu
-DAG MOI {19}Nou
‘reintd ‘aAryesno
‘QATVURYSquS
(sulvis) euein
-OB
"QAT}
-esnooe otf} SUte
-Aos AjtAljoe Sut
-AjLUBIS QI9A VY
‘MC IOAY
‘aGlII
kq pauiaaos 7
‘sngngus9G wor
‘IB[USUIsS ‘QAT}
-esnooe ‘dAT}UeyS
-qus *(apdnios
ve) winjndniss
—9se Ur SUIY} avs ay} SILAS OEM
‘2Aoqe se a[ny
"S1492]Nq
Aq pauisaoy *&
‘pdvjv{ WMO1y :1PT
-nsuis ‘aAtWes
aatqueysqns ‘(de
-[ef jo) aedeyef
y SUL} JUITAYIp
ve SULAJIUDIS I9T[}O
-ue uiasos Avul
peuisA0s 9008}s
-qus 93} puy
TOT
‘SULIQ NG
Aq pauisaoy) ‘2
‘PLUOMULVIC WOAF
epnsuis = ‘SATII
-uas ‘aAljue}sqnS
‘(AUOMWMBIS
JO) seIUOWWIeOS
‘QAOCGe SB I[Ny
DUDAD
Sq pouriaaorxy
‘aaoqe se(1apMmod
JO) SIIDA[N,
‘QAIPLUIS 9}
UT SUIT} JUSIIYIp
eB BSULAJIUSIS 19}
-OUB SUIDAOS AT}
-ueysqns os31O
“HTINY
‘mn
-ndna7, kq pauis
"AOS S149 ‘$12]Nq
woiy {avpnsuts
dATIIMAS ‘9AT}URIS
-qug = ‘(aapMod
JO) StI9A[Ngd .
IOYIOUL YIM SoBe SATPUB}SGNS SO x
(pooysiapug) x
‘dos
ied pue Joqmnu
ul dATJBULMIOU
SIE JIM s9015e
qiaa [euosied VY
“A TONY
‘ahd ‘OUGLIIN
woiy {pooystapun
NJ YIM Suise1se
‘yejn8urs wosisd
puooes ‘poom
aAtyeiodmt ‘qioa
aay (eAB 1)
adis9y— FY
aD
~
‘QAoge SB o[Ny
‘DUDAS YIM BUL
-a018Y ‘V147 ‘S347
‘satf, Wor
-nau ‘teintd est}
-esnooe = ‘aAlqoal
SLO)
YEA
‘sratnd
Su1sd19 VY
‘gui[NoseMm ‘epns
-UIS
‘apdiopsed
-Sind)
‘OAT }BUIMIOU
( SUL
suedindg
‘QA0qB SE
-py (‘9914}) BIL ‘(sulvis) BUBID
‘OUl|
-nosem ‘repnsuts
‘SATPEULMION. ‘SAT}
-UBISquSG ( Iep
-mod B) = StA[nd
‘sta]Nq UM
Sursoise J9}MeN
thay tnJo ‘jer
“uns ‘sngovf ‘sf
‘01g Wo1f :poom
aatyounfqns
‘qiaA ss‘ (ape
aqiyvT) el
‘puvig kq poauia
-Aos soy3n pue
SOY ‘SVjJAULOIV)
moiy ‘IB[NSUIS
dAI}IMAS ‘9A1I}UE}E
“ane
0)
*( TauLoTeBo
SOUR[IUIO[eD
"949 ‘ODISTUM
Woy +pooysiep
-un 2 YM Bul
-9018e ‘1e[nsuls
uosiod puooses
‘poour odaAr}yeied
-Ml qidA dAT}0B
(XI) S0stAI—W
(pooyssopan) xy
80
A few drugs in a prescription are usually
better than many. It is irrational to combine
a number of agents (shot gun _ prescription)
without especial attention to the specific action
of each.
In constructing a prescription, it is first neces-
sary to decide upon the proper remedial agents;
then upon the size of the aose and lastly the
number of doses to be given. The prescription
on p. 72 written out to show these details would
be as follows:
Rk :
Nucis Vomice, (single dose Xj Xx6=) Yvj
Ferri Sulphatis,( « “ Sj x6=) Ov;
does Bar brs tics eee 3s x62) S1j-
Syrupi Zingiberis, q. s.
Mix and make into six balls.
In practice the multiplication of single doses
is carried out mentally and the product only is
written down.
The Roman numerals should always be used
to designate the quantities; thus: i, ij, iij, iv,
V; vj, vij, viij, ix, etc. Always dot each i to
avoid mistakes; the last i is usually made in
the form of a j to show that it is the last of a
series.
AN EASY METHOD OF WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS IN
THE METRIC SYSTEM (AFTER LEONARD).
In a two ounce prescription a single dose, in
grains or minims, is given in the same figures as
81
the total amount of the drug in the prescription
expressed in grams or cubic centimeters, as for
example:
R Fluidextracti Belladonne Radicis
(2 minims dose) = 2ce.
Potassi Bromidi (8 grains dose) — 8 grams
Aque q.s.._.-2° nid’ ounces = 60 cc.
In a two ounce prescription there would be
fifteen doses. In a gram or 1 cc. there are ap-
proximately 15 grains ‘or minims; the basis is
therefore 15 to 1. In a one ounce mixture there
would be one half the above amounts; in a four
ounce prescription there would be twice the
above amounts. Or the same amounts of the
drugs may be used in a four, six or eight ounce
mixture as for the two ounce mixture and the
dose correspondingly doubled, trebled or quad-
rupled.
COLEMAN’S EASY METHOD OF WRITING
PRESCRIPTIONS.
“It may be assumed for the purpose of writ-
ing prescriptions, that there are fifteen doses of
a teaspoonful each in a 2 ounce mixture; 30 in
a 4 ounce mixture; 60 in an 8 ounce mixture.
Only in the case of dangerous drugs is a more
accurate estimation necessary.
In a 4 ounce mixture, then, with a teaspoonful
dose, each dose will contain 1-30 of the total
amount of any drug which may be in solution
or uniform suspension.
- In the case of drugs with a usual dose of
about 5 gr. or m., 1 dram may be taken as the
_ basis of calculation.
\ If 1 dram oi a drug be added to a four ounce
§2
mixture, each teaspoonful wiil contain 1-30 of
a dram, or 2 grains or minims.
Taking 2, then, as a unit, it is only necessary
to find the multiple of 2 which will give the de-
sired dose and tnis will represent the number
of drams to be put into the prescription.
To take an example,
Tincture Opii Camphorate, (dose 15 m.) ¥
2xX14= Iviy ss
Salol, (dose 5 gr.) 2x24 = 47 ss
Misture Crete, q. Ss. ads aire
M. et Sig.
In a 2 ounce mixture, each teaspoonful will
contain 1-15 of a dram, or 4 gr.-or m.
In an 8 ounce mixture, each teaspoonful will
contain 1-60 of a gr. or m.
From the above statements the following rule
may be formulated:
Divide 60 (one dram) by the number of doses
in the prescription and multiply the result by
the numeral necessary to give the desired dose.
This numeral will represent the number of
drams to be used.
In the case of drugs with a maximum dose of
less than a grain, 1 grain instead of 1 dram may
be taken as the basis of calculation. Thus, if
one grain be added to a 4 ounce mixture with a
teaspoonful dose, each dose will contain 1-30 of
a grain.”
The above methods are applicable especially-
in human and canine practice.
83
LEONARD'S QUICK WAY OF REDUCING
PERCENTAGES.
Rute I. Call the numerator of the fraction
one grain.
Rute II. Double the first figure of the de-
nominator and call this ounces. This will then
give almost mathematically correct reductions.
Thos: > -)-1.01.000 (would be =1.grain’ to 2
ounces; 1 to 2,000 would be one grain to 4
ounces; 1 to 3,000 would be 1 grain to 6 ounces;
1 to 4,000 would be 1 grain to 8 ounces; 1 to
5,000 would be 1 grain to 10 ounces and so on.
If you want 1 to 500, this would be 1 grain to 1
ounce—there being 480 (approximately 500)
grains or minims to the ounce. One to 100
would be 5 grains to 1 ounce.
By committing these two simple rules to
memory, an instantaneous reduction for any
percentage mixture can be made to the apothe-
cary’s basis.”
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Those most generally used by the physicians
and pharmacists in the United States are the
Troy or Apothecaries’ Weights, and the Wine
or Apothecaries’ Measures. The Metric System,
however, has been recognized to such a great
extent that it has become a necessity for physi-
cians to become familiar with it.
TROY OR APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHTS.
Pound Ounce Drachm Scruple Grain
(Libra) (Uncta) (Drachma) (Scrupulum) (Granum)
RU SI i Ee as con, (OO 1 2a 5760
ZL = 8. = BA 480
3l cs == 60
3
yr = gr. 20
84
WINE OB APOTHECARIES MEASURES.
Gallon Pint Fluidounce Fluidrachm Minim
( Congius)(Octarius) (Fluiduncia) (Fluidrachma) (Minimum)
Cane: f= .8.55)) 28s Se 1924° >, = 61440
O11 16... = 198 4/5 7680
{Zr = 480
ee ae M 60
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTS.
Pound Ouuce Grain
(Libra) (Uncia) (Granum)
Ibs —— 16 = 7000
oz. I == STA Ag 7s
To avoid misapprehension in the use of the
apothecary and avoirdupois systems, the sym-
bols ib., 2 Zep, should be consistently used
for the apothecary and the abbreviation lb., oz.,
gr., for the avoirdupois. The abbreviation for
the Troy pound is characterized by the cross
line drawn through the letters ib and should
always mean twelve ounces, while the avoirdu-
pois pound (lb.) stands for sixteen ounces. The
symbol % means an apotnecaries’ ounce of 480
grains, while “oz.’”’ means an avoirdupois ounce
* of 437% grains. The grain weight is the same
for both systems and the abbreviation gr. will
cause no confusion. The grain is therefore the
unit in both systems and the term is derived
from the old system of weighing, which re-
quired that there should be used a “grain of
wheat, well dried and gathered out of the mid-
dle of the ear.” The abbreviation gr., for grain,
should be consistently used in the apothecary
system, gm. for gram, in the metric system.
85
In using the metric system of weights the
gram is ordinarily used as the standard and the
other subdivisions are reckoned from it.
METRIC WEIGHTS.
10 milligrams (mg.) make 1 centigram (czg.)
10 centigrams make ldecigram (dg.)
10 decigrams make 1 gram (gm.)
1000 grams makeil kilogram (kilo.)
METRIC MEASURES.
1000 Cubic centimeters (cc.) (Milliliters)
make 1 liter (L.)
1 Gram equals the weight of 1 cc. of distilled
water at a temperature of 4°C.
TABLE OF APPROXIMATELY EQUIVALENT
WEIGHTS.
1 milligram .001 = 1-64 grain
1 centigram .01 = 1-6 grain
1decigram .1 = 1% grains
1 gram =15% grains
AeA (to) ao Se), =) dram
a0 crams eG ol bems)) = 1 ounce
s0r-zrams -<(455.02m.) = 1 pound. (av.)
1 kilogram 21-5 pounds (av.)
1-64 grain —1 milligram = .001 gram
1-6 grain —1 centigram = .01 gram
1 grain = .065 gram
15.43 grains ede gram
1 dram (apoth.) = 3.90 grams
1 ounce (apoth.) — pb) 2tams
| 1 minim = .061 cc.
16 minims id ee
1 fluidram =o to EC
1 fiuidounce =o: ce.
86
tee. =—16 minims
Avec! 43.42 Ces) ==-1 ‘figidram
30 ce. = 1 fluidounce
To convert grains into centigrams, multiply
by 6.5. Thus 3 grains multiplied by 6.5 equals
19.5 centigrams, or 10 grains equals 65 centi-
grams or .65 gram. To convert centigrams into
grains divide by 6.5. Thus 26 centigrams di-
vided by 6.5 equals 4 grains.
DOMESTIC MEASURES.
A drop, gutta, (gtt.) is usually reckoned at
about one minim.
A tea-spoonful is about one fluidram.
A table-spoonful is about one-half fluidounce.
A wine-glassful is about two fluidounces.
A tea-cupful is about five fluidounces.
A breakfast-cupful is about eight filuidounces.
A tumblerful is about eight fluidounces.
Domestic measures vary considerably. There
may be from 50 to 150 drops in a fluidram, a tea-
spoon generally holds more than one dram, even
as much as 2 drams or more. Cups and glasses
also vary widely.
THE PRINCIPLES OF COMBINING
DRUGS IN A PRESCRIPTION.
Although the tendency in modern therapeutics
is toward simplicity rather than complexity in
prescriptions, one may go to the extreme even in
this direction. There is no doubt but that in
very many cases a judicious combination of
drugs will produce effects of a beneficial charac-
ter which might be sought in vain from the use
of a single remedy. A “shot gun” prescription, |
87
containing a great number of remedies intro-
duced with the idea that by some lucky chance
one or more of the ingredients may hit the dis-
order, is thoroughly unscientific and not to be
encouraged.
The rational combination of drugs was, per-
haps first discussed fully by Dr. John Ayrton
Paris (Paris Pharmacologia, 1822). His treat-
ment of the question has been so clear and ex-
haustive, that there has been but little room for
improvement. The following paragraphs are
based principally upon his work:
1. THe AcTION oF A MEDICINE MAy BE AuUG-
MENTED (ADJUVANT ACTION).
(a) By combining different forms of the same
substance. An infusion is strengthened by the
addition of the fluid extract or tincture of the
same drug, in cases where all the active prin-
ciples are not soluble in the same vehicle. Digi-
talis may be taken as an example, all of its ac-
tive principles are not soluble in water.
(b) By combining the medicine with others
which. produce similar effects. A rule enunci-
ated by Dr. Fordyce is to the effect that com-
bination of similar remedies will produce a
more certain, speedy, and considerable effect
‘than an equivalent dose of any single one. A
combination of chloral and bromide potassium
is more certain for hypnotic effects than either
one alone. From the standpoint of purgation
the same would be true of a combination of
aloes and calomel, or as an emetic a mixture of
ipecac and tartar emetic is more reliahe for its
effects than either drug singly.
88
(c) By combining with the basis substances
of @ different nature which can, in some un-
known manner enhance its action. The diuretic
effect of squill is increased by calomel, and
ipecac assists in the purgative action of jalap.
II. THe ActTION oF A MEDICINE May BE MoptI-
FIED (CORRECTIVE ACTION) IN ORDER TO OVERCOME
UNPLEASANT Errects. The griping tendency of
purgatives may be corrected by combination
with aromatics or essential oils. Acrid sub-
stances may be more or less overcome by tri-
turating with mucilage. The constipating effect
of iron may be overcome by the addition of
aloes. See prescription p. 72.
III. To OBTAIN THE COMBINED oR JOINT Ac-
TION OF Two oR More MEDICINES.
(a) Upon the same tissue. Purgative medi-
cines will serve as an illustration. Some act by
increasing peristalsis, others by augmenting the
secretion of the. intestines, as in the case of
eserine and pilocarpine. The combination of
podophyllum with calomel, for their joint action
upon the liver, may be cited as another ex-
ample.
(b) Upon different tissues or to combat dif-
ferent symptoms. Probably the greatest num-
ber of prescriptions will come under this head.
The desire to combat a number of different
symptoms shoulda not, lead to excess in the com-
bination of drugs. A well directed rifle ball
will have a greater effect than a charge from
a shot gun where only a few of the shot hit the
mark. Some prescriptions have been reported
which contained aS many as 400 ingredients.
89
The more complicated a prescription, the great-
er are the chances for failure.
The symptoms of fever with cough may be
treated with small doses of ipecac as a sedative
expectorant, tincture of aconite to quiet the cir-
culation and allay the fever, with potassium
bromide to alleviate excessive coughing. Other
cases will readily suggest themselves. It may
be desirable, in a given instance to stimulate
the heart with one drug and the kidney or bow-
els with others.
IV. To Form New CoMPouNDS THE EFFECTS
oF WHICH DIFFER FROM ANY OF THE INDIVIDUAL
CONSTITUENTS. Dover’s Powder is a good illus-
tration. This preparation has marked diaphor-
etic properties, while neither of its constituents,
opium or ipecac, when taken separately exert
any powerful action upon the skin. ‘White
Lotion’” made by dissolving lead acetate and
zine sulphate in water; “Black Lotion” by add-
ing calomel to a solution of lime and “Yellow
Lotion” by adding corrosive sublimate to a solu-
tion of lime, are also examples.
V. To AFFORD A CONVENIENT AND AGREEABLE
ForM OF ADMINISTRATION. Solids, such as pills,
capsules and powders are oftentimes to be pre-
ferred. Liquid preparations are sometimes
more desirable and they have the advantage of
being more readily absorbed. The main thing,
of course, is that the patient should get the
proper remedy indicated by the symptoms; but,
at the same time, it is the duty of the prescriber
to see that it is no more obnoxious than need
be. This fact is sometimes lost sight of in vet-
90
erinary practice, where the animal may be com-
pelled to take the medicine, but nothing is lost
to the patient or prescriber, if the medicine is
prepared in as palatable a form as_ possible
without sacrificing anything of its pharma-
cologic action.
Due care should be exercised in selecting a
vehicle which has little or no medicinal action
of its own, or if it has that it will assist or cor-
rect the action of the medicines prescribed,
and, if practicable, one in which the other in-
gredients are soluble.
The taste of many bitter substances like qui-
nine, and salty drugs like ammonium chloride,
may be made more agreeable by the addition of
any of the preparations of glycyrrhiza. Caustic
or irritating medicines, whether liquid or solid,
must be well diluted before being swallowed.
EXAMPLES OF PRESCRIPTIONS.
The following graded scheme for the begin-
ner in prescription writing may be employed;
1st, a prescription written out in Latin is trans-
lated into English with the quantities of the
ingredients expressed in both the apothecaries
and metric systems. 2d. An abbreviated pre-
scription is written out in English, apothe-
caries and metric. 3d. An abbreviated prescrip-
tion is written out in Latin; apothecaries and
metric. 4th. After a student has studied thera-
peutics a card is given .im bearing the name of
a disease, with the basis or principal remedy
indicated from which he is to construct a com-
pound prescription suitable for the disease
mentioned.
91
The following prescriptions are given as illus-
trations of the scheme and serve merely as an
outline of the way in which the work may be
carried on. The instructor can prepare any
number of prescriptions pes each grade for
the student’s exercises.
The various symbols, unusual endings and
combinations may be included in such prescrip-
tions for purposes of instruction.
LATIN INTO ENLISH.
Plumbi Acetatis, unciam
Zinci Sulphatis, drachmas sex
Aquae, ad Octarium.
Misce. :
Signa. Fiat lotio alba.
Take
of Lead Acetate, . one ounce 30
of Zinc Sulphate, six drachms 24
of Water, to one pint 480
Mix
Signature. Let a white lotion be made.
(For horse)
Aloes, drachmas quatuor
Fluidextracti Bella-
donne Radicis, semidrachmam,
Zingiberis pulveris, drachmam cum semisse.
Theriace, quantum sufficit.
Misce.
Signa. Fiat Bolus.
Take
of Aloes, four drachms as)
of Fluidextract of Bel- ‘
ladonna Root, half dram 2
of Powdered Ginger, one and a half drams 6
92
(Take)
of Molasses, as much as suffices
(sufficient quantity)
Mix.
Signature. Let a bo.us be made.
R (For dog)
O.ei Terebinthine
Olei Ricini,
Ovum,
Aquae Ferventis,
uncie# semissem
unciam cum semisse
unum
uncias quatuordecim
Misce et fiat enema.
Take
of Oil of Turpentine, half of one ounce
of Castor Oil, one anda half ounces 45
One Egg,
of hot water, _fourteen ounces
Mix and let be made into an enema.
R
Vitellum Ovi,
Olei Morrhuae,
Spiritus Frumenti,
Acidi Phosphorici Di-
luti, drachmas tres
Syrupi, drachmas quinque
Aquae Cinnamoni, quan-
tum sufficiat ad
Misce et fiat emulsio.
unius
uncias duas
unciam cum semisse
uncias octo.
Take
Yolk of one egg.
93
(Take)
of Cod Liver Oil, two ounces 60
of Whisky, one and a half ounces 45
of Dilute Phosphoric
Acid, three drams 12
of Syrup, five drams 20
of Cinnamon Water, as much as may suffice
to (make) eight ounces 240
Mix and let an emulsion be made.
(For Dog)
Morphinae Sulphatis, granum
Camphorae,
Pulveris Glycyrrhizae,
Sacchari Lactis, ana grana decem
Misce. Divide in chartulas sex.
Take
of Morphine Sulphate, one grain 065
of Camphor,
of Powdered Liquorice Root,
of Sugar of Milk, of each ten grains 6
Mix. Divide into six powders.
Pepsinae, drachmas duas
Vini albi, uncias septem
Syrupi, unciam dimidiam
Fluidextracti Zingi-
beris, — guttas octo
Misce. Fiat Elixir.
Take
of Pepsin, two drams 8
of White Wine, seven ounces 210
of Syrup, half an ounce 15
of Fluidextract of
Ginger, eight drops 5
Mix. Let an Elixir be made.
94
R
Extracti Nucis Vomi-
cae, grani semissem
Pulveris Scammonii, granum
Pulveris Aloes,
Pulveris Rhei, ana grani tres quartas partes
Alcoholis, quantum sufficit.
Misce. Fac pilulas tales duodecim.
Take
of Extract of Nux
Vomica, half of a grain
of Powdered Scam-
mony, one grain
of Powdered Aloes,
of Powdered Rhubarb,
of each three-fourths parts
of a grain
of Alcohol, as much as suffices.
Mix. Make twelve such pills.
Jo48
EXAMPLES OF ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS
WRITTEN OUT IN ENGLISH IN THE APOTHECARY
AND METRIC SYSTEMS. °
Ae. Carbol.,
Liq. Iodi. Comp., aa mt XV:
Aq. Chloroformi, are! Bia
M.
Take
Carbolic Acid,
Compound Solution of
Iodine, of, cach 15 mimims
Chloroform Water, suffi-
cient quantity to (make) 2 ounces
Mix.
if
60
95
Ac. Sulph, Arom.,
Ar. Onin,
Spts. Camph.,
M.
pall
1
ROT? |
a
Take
Aromatic Sulphuric Acid,
Tincture of Opium,
Spirits of Camphor, of each 6 ounces 180
Mix. .
RK
Quin. Sulph.,
Pulv. Belladon. Fol.,
Sod. Salicyl.,
Pulv. Cimicif., a
M.
Pe pity: Nor Xi.
1
Take
Quinine Sulphate, 1 ounce 30
Powdered Belladonna Leaves, 2 ounces 60
Sodium Salicylate,
Powdered Cimicifuga, of each 3 ounces 90
Mix. Make into 12 powders.
EXAMPLES OF ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS
WRITTEN OUT IN LATIN IN THE APOTHECARY AND
MeEtTRIC SYSTEMS.
96
R
Quin. Sulph., ae
F. E. Nuc. Vom., ay.
Tr. .Capsic., aan
Ac. Muriat. Dil., Esa
M.
Quininae Sulphatis, unciam 30
Fluidextracti Nucis
Vomicae, unciam 30
Tincturae Capsici, uncias tres 90
Acidi Muriatici Diluti, uncias quatuor
cum semisse 139
Misce.
Pot. Acet., Sry"
Tr. Digital., ae
Spts. Ether. Nit., ue
Aquae, a. 5: Og
M.
Potassii Acetatis, uncias duas 60
Tincturae Digitalis, drachmas decem 40
Spiritus Etheris Nitrosi, uncias quinque 150
Aquae, quantum sufficit Octarium 480
97
R
Quin. Sulph., ee
aT
Pulv. Opii, oy
Pulv. Ammon. Carb., a
Pulv. Camph., ae
M. Make 12 powders.
R
Quininae Sulphatis, unciam 30
Pulveris Opii, drachmas duas 8
Pulveris Ammonii Car-
bonatis, uncias duas 60
Pulveris Camphorae, unciam 30
Misce. Fiant pulveres numero duodecim.
The next step in the series is the construction
of the prescription according to its indication
for a given disorder, the basis being mentioned
and allowing the student to fill in the other in-
gredients. The writer has found the following
list serviceable in this connection, due regard
being given to incompatibility, form, case end-
ings, etc. The prescriptions may be written out
in the ordinary abbreviated form or in Latin in
the Apothecary or Metric systems. Any variety
of subjects or combinations are available and
excellent drill is furnished to the student.
INDICATION.
Gastric Tonic.
Diuretic.
Cardiac Tonic.
Influenza.
Irritable Stomach.
Skin Disease.
Blister.
Hepatic Congestion.
Purgative.
Diaphoresis.
Sedative.
Cathartie.
Anodyne Liniment.
Round Worms.
Fever.
Mange.
Cough.
Rickets.
Purgative.
Flat Worms.
Indigestion.
Diarrhoea.
Anemia.
Rheumatism.
Edema.
Diabetes Insipidus.
Catarrhal Fever.
General Tonic.
Counter Irritant.
Intestinal Antiseptic.
Chorea.
98
BasIs.
Gentian.
Potassium Nitrate.
Digitalis.
Tr, oNux. Voeniea,
Bismuth.
Fowler’s Solution.
Cantharides.
Sodium Sulphate.
Barium Chloride.
Tr. Arnica Root.
Chloral.
Eserine Sulphate.
Tr. Aconite.
Santonin.
Acetanilid.
Sulphur.
Belladonna.
Oleum Phosphoratum.
Aloes.
Male Fern.
Pepsin.
Tr. Opium.
Iron Sulphate.
Sodium Salicylate.
Potassium Acetate.
Todine.
Quinine.
Nux Vomica.
Aqua Ammonia.
Salol.
Arsenic.
99
TABLE OF THERMOMETRIC EQUIVALENTS
FAHRENHEIT AND CENTIGRADE SCALES
To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fahrenheit
Multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32
To reduce Fahrenheit degrees to those of Centigrade scale
Subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9
TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS
OFahren- | °Centi: °Fahren-
°Centi-
grade. heit. grade.
—25 —13. Os
—24 —11.2 E
—23 —9.4 2
—22 1.0 3
—21 —5.8 4
—20 —4, 3)
—19 —2.2 6
—18 —0.4 7
Ai, 1.4 8
—16 3.2 9
—I15 D. 10
—14 GS. | Lt
—13 8.6 | 12
—12 10.4 | 13
—I11 a2;2-\ 14
—10 14. 15
—9 15.8 | 16
—8 £76: | 17
——f 19.4 | 18
—6 21.2 | 19
—5 23. 20
-—4 24.8 | 21
—3 26.6 | 22
—2 28.4 | 23
—1 30.2 | 24
82:
heit.
33.8
35.6
37.4
39.2
41.
42.8
44.6
46.4
48.2
AD:
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.2
Bee
60.8
62.6
64.4
66.2
68.
69.8
71.6
73.4
75.2
| °Centi- °Fahren-
grade. heit.
"25 Siig
26 78.8
27 80.6
28 82.4
29 84.2
30 86.
31 87.8
BY 89.6
33 91.4
34 93.2
35 95.
36 96.8
37 98.6
38 100.4
39 102.2
40 104.
41 105.8
42 107.6
43 109.4
44 5
45 113.
46 114.8
47 116.6
48 118.4
49 120.2
100
°Centi- °Fahren. | °Centi- pea hase Seen °Fahren- ©
g rade. heit. | grade. heit. | grade. heit.
50 Too 73 163.4 | 96 204.8
51 1238 0/" U4 LER 2 987 206.6
52 125.6 | 75 167. 98 208.4
53 127.4 | 76 168.8 | 99 210.2
54 AO Ty 170.6 | 100 212
55 131. 78 179.4. OL 213.8
56 132:3 1. 79 174.2 1102 215.6
57 134.6 | 80 1762-108 217.4
58 ie A. 81 177287%|,104 219.2
59 138.2." 82 179.6 | 105 221:
60 140. | 83 181.4 106 222.8
61 144.8; |. 84 133521 OF 224.6
62 143.6051 4,85 185.41) 108 226.4
63 145.4 |. 86 186.8 | 109 2289
64 IAD 87 188.6 | 110 230.
65 149. 88 190.4 | 111 231.8
66 150.8 | 89 199.7; 2 233.6
67 152.6 90 - 194.) 1413 235.4
68 154.4 | 91 195.8 | 114 237.2
69 156.2 | 92 197.6 | 115 239.
70 158. 93 199.4 | 116 240.8
71 159.8 94 201.2 117 242.6
72 161.6 95 203. 118 244.4
101
The following is a list of official deliquescent
and efflorescent salts:
DELIQUESCENT SALTS
Ammonii Iodidum
Nitras
Valerianas
Auri Chloridum
Calcii Chloridum
Lithii Citras
Bromidum
Salicylas
Magnesia Citras
Potassa (caustic)
Cum Calce
Potassii Acetas
Carbonas
Citras
Cyanidum
Hypophosphis
Sulphis
Tartras
Quinolin salts (except
the Tartrate)
Sodii Hypophosphis
Iodidum
Zinci Bromidum
Chloridum
Iodidum
EFFLORESCENT SALTS
Alumen (slightly)
Ammonii Carbonas
Phosphas
Antim. et Potass. Tar-
tras (slightly).
Cupri Acetas
Sulphas
Magnesii Sulphas
(slightly )
Potassii et Sodii
tras (slightly).
Ferrocyanidum
(slightly )
Quininae Bisulphas
Sulphas (after
time)
Soda (caustic)
Sodii Acetas
Arsenas (slightly)
Benzoas
Boras (slightly)
Carbonas
Hyposulphis
Phosphas
Santoninas (slightly )
Sulphas
Sulphis
Strychninae Sulphas
Zinci Acetas
Sulphas
Tar-
a
For the various symbols, Latin words and
phrases with their abbreviations see the follow-
ing pages.
102
LATIN WORDS AND PHRASES W
ITH THEIR ABBRE-.
VIATIONS AND ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS.
WORDS OR PHRASES
CONTRACTIONS
ENG. EQUIVALENTS
ACA OWCIY 4.5 <m's state AGS coer ae The belly.
NG MA ine Reps, Ss neiayeny Tse 0c ne aura ae To; or Up. ta:
OC ee 5 cine eae caves Vo tr eines eo Add.
ACOGNEUT. Caroicte ches Cite Ane a: Let(them)be added
ACLEnNGUS* 25 else PELE «ones Taos To be added.
AGGCENEG™ vim Moeteer PATE Mag ctot ese TAS By adding.
Adhibendus ..... 5) oth ager To be administer-
ed.
Adjacens’ > 3s .2. 03 Adjac . Adjacent.
AV TUDTEAUN iis ehctave 02.05 08 3 eae At pleasure.
ACMOUVE ewes. y's Admov. ....Apply.
Admoveatur .....Admov . Let(it)be applied.
AGVCTSUM a6. 6 cs es i ee Against.
AT QUOE” crt wees SATIO tof eee aic Some.
SELECT. Seek ae eee PANCME RG Tas nee The other.
Alternis horis ...Alt. hor. ...Every other hour.
AEDT IES) 3 ort aise & _. Amp. PO Large.
PRU UTIs new ans Big PADI ATT Sh rae A large bottle.
TAIUG Serio eae, Le ice Aor 22:..\. Of back:
LEU ne, OU a he te AG: aise Water.
Aqua bulliens ...Aq. bull. ...Boiling water.
Aqua communis .Aq. com.
Aqua fervens ....Aq. ferv
Aqua fluviatilis ..Aq. fluv.
Aqua fontalis ....Aq. font.
Aqua marina ....Aq. mar.
Aqua nivalis ....Aq. niv.
Aqua pluvialis ...Aq. pluv
WARE re he ed TTS 5. cane
Balneum vaporis.B. V. ......
Balsamum ..... si Bales ate
BeRe. ae Skee BLS Shale ae is
BOOP ied siete ou ee Be aon. e ves
Bid 2a ee SESTURS t9F5 2. 5 as
Bis eos oe ee ee LS oigsiaty sree
Bis in die, or dies.3is. die ..
Bolus
eeeeeeveevecece a) Ss) Oe eo) 26
OnE eee a ae a ae
...-Common water.
...Hot water.
..River water
spring water.
...9ea water.
...snow water.
..Rain water.
Vapor bath.
Balsam.
Drink (thou).
Two days.
Twice.
.Twice a day.
A large pill.
Let boil.
BUT UM: bw ccace 151) 1 heen Butter.
WCF ULCUS) ose or<ia' Omer IRE a os, > Blue.
WOTESACTUS: s s5'e 088 AEB ES yc cark Warmed.
OBIE si Auer gels be. Reka trays Sia. tte Take (thou).
COME hia th tee SADE tans aie a Let him take.
COD S ULE eis lads Capsul. ....A capsule.
WOULe “alte meds CAMILG tie, F2 Cautiously.
CROECE oo :henc dite veld CHAT sere Paper.
SOT LUG) 4 -aaittee Chartul. ...A small paper.
CLOUS. 2. oi Festa (2) enema eee Fooa.
Cochlear or Coch-
(ott id a ee Coch, ......A4:.. spoonful.
Cochleare am-
WUHAN tors oes ak ors SE Coch. amp...A dessertspoonful.
Cochleare mag-
PTE wis hese arn Coch. mag...A tablespoonful.
Cochlear parvun.Coch. parv..A teaspoonful.
OG rer leo cai oe Cokes we Strain.
ET CHAD pate ep By) ep Strained.
Collutorium ..... Collut. ....A mouth wash.
Collyrium |... ss Collyr. .....Anm eye wash.
MRP EVUTO xen crs Ae ea Let it be colored.
- Compositus ...... Comps... Compounded.
CONCISUS: oo esse Coneis:! i. osu:
OeNIUS vsttaee.. Cane cso. A Gallon.
Oonserud. 22-25. <. Wome .at ae A conserve, also.
Keep (thou).
PORUUESUS. = con wad 6 Contus. ....Bruised.
Cor, Cordis ...... Corns vats The heart.
Gontes; corticis . (Cort. ..6... The bark.
Carey i SO Ree, Cows 48. 4i. The hip.
Pras, crastinus ..Crast. ...-.. To-morrow.
Cujus, cujus-libet. Say. Me Se Of which, of any.
Ot: ga ee ree (od erst 6 With
Cyathus, vel Cya-
thus vinarius ..Cyath, C.vin A wine-glass.
ar
Pathe haben Yes D., det. ...,Give, let be given.
Pee Pee A BOTA ee | Dea Sy 34 783 Of or from.
Mepiius- 2 Veard. 107: aes 's Due, proper.
Pecintes ood. 2%. Dec. heat Pour om
Decem, decimus..Decem. ....Ten, the tenth.
Decoctum ..:..... Decoct. ....A decoction.
Decubitus ....... Decub. ....Lying down,
104
De die in diem ..De d. in d..From day to day.
Dein vel Deinde .Dein. ...:.. Thereupon.
DegiuHatur: ss. 3 Deglut. ... Let be swallowed.
Dentur tales dos- Let 4 such doses
CSUNO Us eo 5 wre D.t.d. No. iv. be given.
DCLECT: TICLUTG SMI OR en ice oe oe The right.
Diebis alternis ...Dieb. alt. ..Every otner day.
DIliLe, Dias oie ee eos Dilute (thou), Di-
luted.
DIMNAUS: eRe OTe aia a One-half.
Dividatur in par- Let it be divided
tes equales ...D. in p.aeq. into equal parts.
Dividendus-a-wm..Divid. ..... To be divided.
VOLT vee ae en Dolor oes Pain
TIOIMWEE ore ee ores Donec! ss. 2: Until
DOSUS Se een aoe ne se Sr at A dose.
Draecnmoane ere Fos Dr.0r 2 ..A dram (60grains)
Hadem atom.) ic. sae sarees The same.
EUS CCE Se aves ote Hjusd. .....0f the same.
FLCCUUATIUAIN +... aeuLeGta |: oe 2 An electuary.
VFR IWUCS ER rst enc el stede Emesis ....Vomiting.
ELNCNUG “Sates ecco CaS Oh estes A clyster or enema
1D a rk Co Tage ted | Dy ba atte Rae And.
PLEEOT OG tino aie s ae | hp: @ bak, eee een Spread.
ELUTE CUICM cas, sein Pits, cine An extract.
CUE C., Pie iallbnteiee Extrahe ...Extract thou.
TUCK cies Ritiat eels iS 2c See reeeee Make.
Fac pilulas duo-
DECI Ee Rania eee KF. pil. XII..Make twelve pills.
OED IUD Nits re Ld Uy foes War oe (ak Raed co Flour.
PEDTIS Ce sea Oe Wepre: sete Fever.
POM CRUG sca: steele eee MORVi hake’ A: Boiling.
OR Bet Negee wrase oath ree Biba i tence Let be made (sing)
AGM BL Siac eee | i PRP SE en, Let be made (plu. )
AUER Ae teloese Bittra Sy.-4- Filter (thou).
UUOUST eee trite Pluidiehls. Liquid:
OT TUS PO oe ER Sk Ge eee Re A prescription.
Gargarysma@ ..... Gare: ae A garegle.
GrodatinnAhe eee Gradients. By degrees, gradu-
ally.
Grantn, Grane 21GTs Sees Grain, Grains.
GAUSS Ce ea ee Gra. cage es. Pleasant.
Gutta; ‘Guite 2%. Gitte oe: A drop. Drops.
105
RE EOEUUe t,o yas i Croctat: 25.1. By: drops:
TEOUSTUS: HO Se oes bce ICS eas ie A draught.
iHebvdomada...:..-. Hebdom. ..A week.
Herbarum recen-
LE ee Oe UPR Herb.recent.Of fresh herbs.
Hic, Haec, Hoc ..Hic,hec,hoc This.
SERETUCO: © has oe ae we Hirudo .~...A:- leech;
POR ret ae ee a Th cae ee An hour.
TER NEI NR se RS 13 (Cag ae aa The same.
MEDTUNLUS ah loliee | 153) ee ae First.
RICE: LILCUSUS Ne SENG: | oie, cus Cut (thou), Being
Cut.
TIRES ho Xe a kc PIMIGT 2 oof d Daily: > .or- fren
day to day.
DURE... cc cs UP TL See Pour in.
PEP USU oo ee a ig) eS An infusion.
PIICCTION, soca s OR einae's ..-An injection.
PPE WIMECUTON: Seite ceo ots bes In gruel.
DAT REGL YS Otis On hod POSTAL So As big as, the size
of.
Je AE She es PM RES fk oe Between.
PHCETHUS,-C-UNt ANT. © nies os Inner or internal.
WEIL Ss ctr k eee ee BEATS bereits aoe Inwardly.
TAR ES Bele ein ee PRED ETAL Ot Bester ae Now
LL | GEESE SERRA DR PURER nate aie Near to.
Wwe: Facies 3 as |e Cea ye Milk, of Milk.
Page 2X6. Oe Os ee 1G Nee ie A flask or bottle.
PANTUOT LN ie | is Fane ae ee Faintness.
WUT re 2s Lb., or Ib. ..A pound.
Linimentum ....Linim. ....A liniment.
Lintewum ......6- LY 8 setts amt. 4
MTIOOT IN. 230k ale aT Yo a rcies A solution.
PGE BO AS Ihe Wa we we | 01 ae eae os A lotion.
Macera.. 25. pee MAG ates. 2 Macerate.
WIGONUS 6 sd oo RAR eer. fered & Large.
WIPO PAS Ss tat Mane: 22732: In the morning.
Manipulus ...... M. or Man..A handful.
TIGRUS OSC OT 2 Manus .....The hand.
Massa, massa
LAAT ONSET 2 GARR nae Sa ERS A mass,a pill-mass
Be APILULINIS. 1). oes. PMatut |... 2. In the morning.
ECO TILIN obit ris. SiS 02 Ae. Middle.
MeCRSUTG, veo Kone Mensu. ....By Measure.
Mica Panis ...... Mic. pan. ..Crumb of bread.
106
Minimum .h00 6 ss M. or min...A minim.
MiNWUUI » ea nm nn Pe yy eee A minute.
Magne! oo Us eas | ae ee rere Mix.
VETSTAUTIL ce oe 4 ME) ee as Be A mixture.
RCH: Mecca ettetet a ore (es Milbes bei nee we Send. :
Modo prescripto .Mod. preseJn the manner pre-
: scribed.
More dictu...... -Mor. dictu .In the manner di- ©
rected.
More solito ...... Mor. sol. ..In the usual man-
ner.
MOTUOTIWVM A ef. lOF Le (one sis A mortar.
NECRON eos Gi INCHES <:) cots Also.
Ne trades sine Ne.tr.s num Do not deliver
TULLE care en ee without the money
ING SOF OS Se Bet Be ee ‘Nisi 1 es! Unless.
WME TOS iets tate. «rae Lk a a Macpac ee Not.
Non repetatur ...Non repetat.Let it not be re-
peated.
NOE NOCUSS > 5 Six. Noe. noct. ..The night, of the
night.
SNOUT ices en os ae ASN sl Sodan The nape of the
neck.
GT CNG) erick’ & cree INO. Mins ties In number.
OGEORUUS ee hate OX AGEL Johoee A pint (ZXvj)
CEOEDIES Poti ne a De eee eae ele os Hight.
OCEON Ws Se ; “Octo. Le See Hight.
Onint NOTEsH eee -Omn. hor. ..Every hour.
Opus: JOSS ee MODUS se Need, or occasion.
Orin 2: Sete: GRY eke ne An egg.
Pars, Paris... t.ebare ee A, part, of acparis
Partes cquales ..Pt. xq. _... Equal parts.
PORRUlUs Ree: Parvul. <... + An vintant. A sai
vule.
POTRUUS ood SORE Se oe eee Little.
PASTHHMUS URES Pastil. .....A pastille.
PEAR Biss PS eee A foot-bath.
Penicillum cam- Pencil. cam.A camel’s hair pen
CLITAL TN nein oes ss cil or brush.
PBT ish O Re Sead er Perit eiek ee Through, By.
Phidhe Ts VORr ae. £ 1 ed oh t Bape tr 5 A vial or bottle.
Phiala prius agi- The bottle having
LOPE 85 wns eee P.P.-Aw>?s.. been ‘first shaken.
PRU. so ORE we | 2 1 GE re A pill.
POCUVLNE | Ree Poel... . A. little; eup.
POCUlMMN. Sneed 2 POET: asus A cup.
POW LET 6 io ease Ee Paeticcs conte: By weight.
PONUUS CLUHGE Too EA CIV ea e. Civil weight (av-
oirdupois).
Pondus medicin- Medicinal (apotae
14 2 EE Tin eT? te ENG De aie aa caries ) Weight
POSCCCTUBY Ko ak Post cib. ..After eating.
(POGUE Cas aa 3s ciate Pave Sic Drink.
PROEDATAUG oa icce od 6 Eds) Mee PA Prepared
TOUS AE: ic rset 8a ee gerimnus::o...che- first:
TG oe chil water PVG at ok For.
POs TC) ROLGr ici. Bo Be Dione OeCastiong ll y.2y. .ae-
cording to cir-
cumstances.
BIRT rie eee e% UU kee ieee A powder.
Quadrans-antis ..Quad. ..... A quart.
Ouantum Wboet..Q? lib... :.. As much as you
please.
Quantum suficiatQ. Ss. ...... As much as may
suffice.
OPEQUE. ».. 2-5 Godese! Gets. ces Each, or Every.
CHEK UUS ol OTS oe Cuart: vs sMourth:
CHUL WLON alesee ee ck Guat sto late. Four.
CPO US) -o0itoed Sate ote Quibus ....From which.
TINO UWE oc ch ielae Owings? es fs Five.
OUPBEWS: 2.0 ax cede Ouint. 3. i.Pheefifth:
OUOWwe i. oo wee EN 2 ik hve Also.
GUERIN ic aos eS ake Crore hs oe Of which.
QUGht Ie i... eee Quotid. .... Daily.
UM ECS oS eet acres een LC ne A Proportion.
(IRE CEH S:-CNEIS:: eo AReGS) oi bah Fresh.
PECCUNE. Vtetartiayili le Ries. y.Pake.
Reductus in pul- Red.in pulv.Let it be reduced
(ELST 20 | naan 4 St Lo age ee to powder.
RCbOUUT YE. Reliq: 240 Remaining.
IRODCLOCUT RS os: Rept. ok) 3GH Let it be repeated.
FRETIILCTe. aye MOCELe@tLE, <2 ih. To keep.
Ruber, rubra, ru-
BLUM. ci Ware Pe UD neces Red, ruddy.
OMEN ». Froese Saltem ....At least.
108
LEE HE 46 oink toe -saltim .....By leaps.
Saturatus-a-um ..Sat. ....... Saturated.
SGGtUiG (5.5 eae Eps) oe: ] Meee ce A box.
HESMGEE~.. aces AEN) cl Ce ae Namely.
SCrupuUlwum oe. oes Scrup.. or pA scruple (20 gers)
SCGunden. Grlem SoA ok. ss According to art
BECHITIES 22 calen are Secund. ...Second.
SR ETIVEN cca ic sak Sn ete oA oes dd 1 Rate Once.
SeWAS OT ‘SEMISSISDS. | FP the: A half.
EPEC NE: soaks Deere 3) 2) 0] Balaeilaea et Seven.
Septimana ..... .Septim. ....A week.
BS CSCUNCIE © DEPRES Oa aes US An ounce and a
half.
SCSUUANOTOR He se ees acta An hour and a half
SED eh Re wlan tis ahs SRE Sls
tS) See eS SS PEST cee If.
MOTEL Sect d are eat Ses 75 Single he Write, or Mark
(thou).
Signatur nomine Let it be written
DT ODIO ree Se oe Sig.nom. pro with its proper
name.
SR INGET NS = so) a nate Sint as: Together.
EME ek eae Sim. Bsns Without.
Singulorum ..... Sines); se eee Of each.
St..0PUs Sits ots Si op. sit ..1f necessary.
SUE Ty hic chi ee ett ae Sitetr sees Let it be.
SOUS Oe aaa is ae SOL ai. SEAS Alone
SOLVE Do. outer SOV! Gee Dissolve.
DOMBUS Hie cee Somnus. ...Sleep.
Spiritus vini rec- Rectified spirit of
(iicCOlus ne .Spt.vin.rect. wine (alcohol).
Spiritus vini te-
WANTS eT 22 eee Spt. vin. ten.Proofspirit.
RQET I tie cho eek ES (ich ae ae Immediately.
Stet fares tents:. Stree See he Let it (or them)
stand.
SUbiNGe sess See Subind. ....Frequently.
Sumat talem ....Sum. tal. ..Let him take one
like this.
Sume noone eee SUM Sse... Take.
S607 0. 20 See ae SiUpras a.atn Above.
Pabewiat!. tees Tab: .. vaste A lozenge.
UAT Th a ep err ok Patan geese Such a one.
OBC rN en tocar Se Pa Or.
POET Oita cf ada ahha shake desis Ra
Pere SIMU. ee Tere sim
PERlIUS ARs MOR eis
LaNCLULE te ae Tne: or cr.
DOSS 28s Sa erase wares GES, “Sak ores
DTTC UWWIR oe a oe Cas Ns ieee
PTGCONE oh kt cies RRR eet
Troschiscus, Tro-
CRASUB Sa lea EP TOCH sie we
TER EER? ne cic ae SIRES tetas hes:
Ultimo (or Ulti-
ma) prescriptusUlt. prese
Una U
Se @) Ba ONO <a Oe (Oe Pee jie evs) ays 8 4
WIDOUD: Neo Reg ceca ate Une. or e
RET OLCOUNE ass «ae 1B Rc i 5) ee
Vas viireum '.. <..Vas vit
Vehiculum ...... Velie: 225 3)
2 ee a Aa n= a ee a
WCSTICT-CTTS vas x ce Vesp
MTCES eS ane cnet NA NGh ae one a oter
TILES Ss Sts SS Vin
MBO SAGs als ped slow Melee Vig dace &
PECTS, oat, siege Vitel
Vitreum, Vitrum..Vitr.
Volatilis, is, Vola-
tile
Volat.
“ee ee
Thrice, or Three
times.
I rub.
Three days.
Triturate.
A lozenge
troche.
A cough.
or
.The last ordered.
Together.
..An ounce.
..As directed.
..A glass vessel.
A vehicle or men-
struum.
Or.
: rae The evening.
Turns.
.. Wine.
Strength.
io Cok:
Volatile.
110
INCOMPATIBILITY.
In prescription writing, incompatibility may
be defined as an interference, with each other,
of the constituents of a mixture in a way not
intended by the prescriber. Sometimes there
is intentional incompatibility by the prescriber
as in the case of white lotion, p. 89.
There are three types of incompatibility:
Chemic, Pharmaceutic and Physiologic.
Chemic Incompatibility occurs when a new
chemic compound results. In general it may be
recognized in one of three ways: 1. By precip-
itation—the formation of an insoluble com-
pound. 2. By effervescence or explosion—evo-
lution of gas. 3. By a change in color. An-
other form may be referred to, because it is
not easy to recognize any change and therefore
more dangerous. A new product may be
formed, possibly of a poisonous nature and
remain in solution without in the least chang-
ing the appearance of the mixture. The avoid-
ance of this form of incompatibility rests upon
a knowledge of the ordinary chemic reactions,
and the knowledge cannot be too greatly ¢m-
phasized. Chemic incompatibility is not always
evident immediately, some little time may
elapse before changes occur. A general rule is
that substances are incompatible if they are
used in testing for each other or if they form
antidotes.
Pharmaceutic Incompatibility results in the
production of an unsightly appearance due to
physical changes. It is, therefore, largely a
question of solvents and solubility, and often
111
occurs when solids or liquids are added to solu-
tions, thereby changing their densities. It
occurs when there is a combination of such sub-
stances as are physically incapable of mixing;
- thus, if spirit of nitrous ether be added to
tincture of guaicum a gelatinous mass will re-
sult, or if resinous tinctures be added to
aqueous solutions the resins will separate.
Physiologic or Therapeutic Incompatibility
depends upon the antagonistic or opposite
physiologic or therapeutic actions of the drugs,
so that one drug may weaken or neutralize the
action of another with regard to its effects upon
the tissues. Atropine and pilocarpine are ex-
amples of antagonists therapeutically. No two
drugs, however, are exactly opposed to each
other, throughout their whole range of action,
and more or less latitude in this respect may
be permitted in prescribing.
Incompatibility must always be kept in mind
in writing a prescription. It is best avoided,
as a rule, by not attempting to combine too
many drugs. Some general principles which
it is well to keep in mind may be formulated as
follows:
Acids should not be added to alkalies, alka-
line salts or vegetable acids on account of de-
composition and chemic change.
Solutions of alkaloids are incompatible with
tannic acid, alkalies, alkaline salts, iodides and
bromides on account of precipitation.
Glucosides (Digitalin, Salicin, etc.) are de-
composed by acids.
A mixture of salts in solution will decom-
112
pose if either an insoluble compound or double
salt can be formed.
Chloral is incompatible with alkaline solu-
tions, chloroform is produced.
Potassium chlorate, nitrate or permanganate
liberate oxygen and should not be mixed with
readily oxidizable substances, such as charcoal,
sugar, Sulphur, glycerin, carbolic acid, iodine,
turpentine, and organic materials, lest explosive
compounds be formed.
Lime water precipitates mercury salts. Calo-
mel and prussic acid form the poisonous mer-
curic cyanide.
Calomel should not be combined with nitro-
hydrochloric acid as corrosive sublimate may
be produced. Both calomel and antipyrin are
incompatible with sweet spirit of nitre.
Liquid iron preparations are incompatible
with fluid preparations of the vegetable bitters
(except calumba and quassia), because the
tannic acid in them forms a precipitate.
Considerable quantities of acid are incom-
patible with tinctures, because ethers are
formed.
Water causes precipitates with tinctures con-
taining resins.
Gum arabic is incompatible with lead and
iron salts and mineral acids.
Solutions of potassium chlorate and iodide
unite to form a poisonous compound.
For convenient reference, the following list
of the more important incompatibles, taken
from Merck’s Report Ready Reference, is given.
Acacta—mineral acids; alcohol; ammonia;
ts
antimony and potassium tartrate; borax (unless
syrup or glycerin is present); ether; ferric
salts (not if excess of acid present); lead sub-
acetate (not acetate); lead-water; mercuric
chloride (concent. sol.); potassium bitartrate
and tartrate; silicates; syrup squill;_ tinct.
guaiac (blue color), tinctures (alcoholic and
ethereal).
ACETANILID—amyl nitrite; bromine and bro-
mides of alkalies; carbolic acid; chloral hy-
drate; iodides of alkalies; nitrites; piperazine;
potassium hydroxide; pyrocatechin; resorcin;
sodium hydroxide; spirit nitrous ether; thymol.
Acips—alcohol (with strong acids); alkalies;
alkaloids; benzoates and borates (with strong
acids); bismuth and ammonium citrate; bicar-
bonates; bromides (of weak acids); carbon-
ates; chlorides (of weak acids); iodides (of
weak bases);. metallic salts (with organic
acids); pancreatin; potassium and sodium tar-
trate; potassium tartrate; salicylates; silicates.
Acip, ARSENoUS—copper sulphate; decoction
cinchona; dialyzed iron; ferric hydrate; lime
water; salts of aluminium, antimony, barium,
calcium, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium,
mercury, silver, zinc; potassium iodide; tannic
acid; vegetable astringent decoctions and in-
‘fusions.
Acip, Brenzoic—free bromine or chlorine;
ferric salts; hydrogen dioxide with sulphuric
acid; urethane.
Actip, Boric—alkaline hydrates; alkaline
earths (hydrates); carbonates. See also
Borates.
114
Actp, CaRBoLIic—acetanilid; albumin; anti-
pyrin; antisepsin; bromal hydrate; bromine
water; butyl chloral hydrate; camphor; cam-
phor monobromated; chloral hydrate; collodion;
diuretin; exalgin; ferric salts; gelatin (in di-
lute solution); hydrogen dioxide; lead acetate;
mé@nthol; naphtalin; najphtol; nitric acid;
phenacetin; potassium permanganate; pyro-
gallol; resorcin; salol; sodium phosphate;
thymol; urethane; terpin hydrate.
Acip, CHromic—alcohol; bromides; chlorides;
ether; glycerin; hypophosphites; iodides; oxal-
ates; sulphides; sulphites; tartrates. See also
chromates.
Acip, Cirric—acetates; acids (mineral); car-
bonates; potassium tartrate; sulphides. See
also citrates.
Acip, GALLIc—arsenic acid; carbonates; cop-
per salts; ferric salts (if excess of acid absent) ;
gold salts; lead acetate; iodine; lime water;
nitric acid; opium in solution; potassium per-
manganate; silver salts; sodium bicarbonate;
tartar emetic.
Acip, HyprocHLoric—alkalies; bromates;
carbonates; chlorates; chromates; lead salts;
mercurous salts; oxides; permanganates; silver
salts; tartar emetic. See also chlorides.
Activ, HyprocyaNnic, DinuTE—acids (mineral) ;
antimony oxide; copper and iron salts; mer-
cury oxide; silver nitrate; sulphides. See also
cyanides. :
Actip, LActic—albumin; milks; oxidizers gen-
erally.
Acip, Nitric—alcohol, alkalies; carbonates;
115
ferrous sulphate; lead acetate; oils (essential) ;
sulphides.
Acid, Osmic—all organic or oxidizable sub-
stances; iodides.
Acip, OxaLic—arsenates; gold salts; metallic
salts generally (all but those of aluminium,
chromium and magnesium).
Acip, PxHospHoric, Mrra—albumin; ferric
chloride; gelatin; lead acetate; silver nitrate.
Actp, PHosPpHoRIC, OrtTHo—chlorides of bari-
um, calcium and magnesium (in ammoniacal
solutions); lead acetate; silver nitrate; soluble
iron phosphate; and pyrophosphate.
Acip, Picric—albumin; alkaloids; gelatin;
oxidizable substances; piperazine.
Acip, SaLticyLtic—Ferric salts; exalgin; lead
acetate; lime water; potassium iodide; quinine
salts; sodium phosphate; spirit- nitrous ether;
urethane.
Acip, SuLPpHURIC—alcohol; barium and cal-
cium salts; carbonates; hypophosphorous acid;
metals; oils (essential); lead, mercurous, silver
and strontium salts; organic substances; sul-
phides; vegetable astringent infusions.
Acip, TANNIc—albumin; alkaloids; amyl
nitrite; antipyrin; arsenic acid; bromine; cal-
cium chloride (concent. solution); chlorine;
chromic acid; ferric salts; gelatin; glucosides;
gluten; hydrochloric acid; iodine; iodoform;
lime water; nitric acid; permanganate; pipera-
zine; salts of antimony, bismuth, chromium,
copper, gold, lead, mercury and silver; spirit
nitrous ether; potassium chlorate or other oxidi-
zers; sulphuric acid; potassium bichromate.
116
Acip, TArRTARIC—alkalies; calcium salts; car-
bonates; lead salts; lime water; mercury salts;
vegetable astringents.
ACONITINE—hot acids, alkalies or water. An-
tagonists; atropine; digitalis; morphine; sco-
parin; strychnine. See also alkaloids.
ALBUMIN—acetic acid (with heat); alcohol;
alum; ammonium sulphate; camphor; carbolic
acid; coniine; collodion; copper sulphate; ether;
ferric chloride; heat; hydrogen peroxide; lactic
acid; mercuric chloride; metallic salts; meta-
phosphoric acid; mineral acids; picric acid; tan-
nic acid; thymol; volatile oils.
ALcoHoL—acacia; albumin; bromine; chlor-
ine; chromic acid; inorganic salts; mercuric
chloride; mineral acids; potassium permanga-
nate. Antagonists: Cocaine; strychnine.
ALKALOIDS—alkalies; alkali carbonates and
bicarbonates; ammonium chloride; benzoates;
bichromates; bromides; borax; cyanides; gold
chloride; ichthyol; iodides; mercuric chloride;
oxalic acid; picric acid; piperazine; potassio-
mercuric iodide (not if acacia present); oxidiz-
ers; sodium phosphate; tannic acid; salicylates.
Ators—mercury nitrate; silver nitrate.
Atoin—Alkali hydrates; bromine water; fer-
ric chloride; lead acetate, basic (not neutral) ;
tannic acid.
AtumM—alkali hydrates; borax; carbonates;
galls; kino; lead acetate; lime water; magnesia
and magnesium carbonate; mercury salts;
phosphates; tartaric acid; potassium chlorate.
AMMONIUM CARBONATE—acid salts; alkalies;
alum; calomel; copper, iron, lead and silver
AIS af
salts; magnesia; magnesium sulphate; mer-
curic chloride; potassium bitartrate and bisul-
phate; tartar emetic; zinc sulphate. See also
carbonates.
AMYL NitTritE—alcohol; antipyrin; caustic
potassa. Antagonists: chloroform, cocaine;
morphine; strychnine.
ANGUSTURA—acids (mineral; cinchona infu-
sion; copper sulphate; galls infusion; ferrous
sulphate; lead acetate; mercuric chloride; sil-
ver nitrate; catechu infusion; zine sulphate.
ANTHEMIS—cinchona infusion; gelatin; iron
salts; lead salts; mercuric chloride; silver
nitrate.
ANTIMONY AND POTASSIUM TARTRATE—acacia;
acids (mineral); albumin; alcohol; alkalies;
ammonia; ammonium carbonate; antipyrin;
bicarbonates; calcium chloride; carbonates;
gelatin; lead salts; lime water; mercuric chlo-
ride; metallic salts; sulphides; tannic acid;
vegetable decoctions and infusions.
ANTIMONY SwvuLPpHiIpE—chlorates and _ other
oxidizers; nitric acid.
ANTIPYRIN—alum; ammonia water; amyl
nitrite; benzoates; beta naphtol; bromine; car-
bolic acid; calomel; chloral hydrate; copper
sulphate; chromic acid; cinchona alkaloids;
euphorin; ferric chloride; ferrous sulphate;
hydrocyanic acid; iodides; iodine; lead subacet-
ate; mercuric chloride; potassium permanga-
nate; pyrocatechin;, pyrogallol; resorcin; sodi-
um bicarbonate; sodium salicylate; solution
arsenic and mercury iodide; spirit nitrous
ether; syrup ferrous iodide; tartar emetic;
118
tannic acid; thymol; urethane; infusions’ of
catechu, cinchona, rose leaves and uva_ ursi;
tinctures of catechu, cinchona, hamamelis, io-
dine and rhubarb; orthoform.
APOMORPHINE HyprocHLORIDE—alkali_ hy-
drates and carbonates; alkaloidal reagents gen-
erally; ferric chloride; iodides; lime water;
permanganates; picric acid; silver nitrate; tan-
nic acid. Antagonists: chloral hydrate; chloro-
form; strychnine. :
Aristot—Water; substances having affinity
for iodine.
ARNIcA—acids (mineral); ferrous sulphate,
lead acetate; zinc sulphate.
ARSENATES—hypophosphites; iodides and
sulphides in acid solutions; salts of aluminium,
antimony, barium, calcium, chromium, copper,
lead, mercury, silver, and zinc in neutral solu-
tions; tannic acid; iron salts.
ARSENIC—See acid arsenous.
ARSENIC lIopipE—alkaloids generally.
ARSENITES—dialyzed iron; ferric hydrate; hy-
pophosphorous acid and hypophosphites (in
acid solution); salts of heavy metals; tannic
acid; copper sulphate; potassium iodide; silver
nitrate; sulphides; vegetable astringent decoc-
tions and infusions.
ATROPINE—See belladonna.
BaLsSAM Preru—ferric salts; iodoform; hydro-
gen peroxide.
Barium Sautrs—carbonates; chromates; ox-
alic acid or oxalates; phosphoric acid or
phosphates; sulphuric acid or sulphates; tannic
acid; tartaric acid or tartrates. ;
19
BrELLADONNA—alkaloidal precipitants; alkali
hydrates or acids with heat; tannic acid; vege-
table decoctions or infusions. Antagonists:
Aconitine; bromal hydrate; chloral hydrate;
hydrocyanic acid; jaborandi; morphine; mus-
carine; physostigmine; phytolacca; pilocarpine;
quinine.
BENZALDEHYDE—ammonia water; caustic po-
tassa; phenol, resorcin or pyrocatechin in ab-
sence of hydrochloric acid; sodium bisulphite.
BENZOATES—acids; ferric salts.
BENZOIN—acids; alkalies; water.
BERBERINE SALTS—alkaloidal precipitants, sol-
uble tartrates.
BICARBONATES—like carbonates.
BISMUTH AND AMMONIUM CITRATE—acids.
BISMUTH SUBGALLATE—Aacids.
BISMUTH SUBNITRATE—alkali carbonates and
hydrates; calomel; hypophosphites; gallic acid;
iodides; salicylic acid; sulphur, tannic acid.
BorAtEes—acids (mineral); alkaloidal salts;
metallic salts.
BromMaLt Hyprate—acetamide; borneol; car-
bolic acid; exalgin; menthol; pyrocatechin;
urea; urethrane. Antagonist.. Atropine.
BroMipes—acids; alkaloids; antimony salts;
bismuth salts; chlorine water; chlorates (in
acid solution); chromates (in acid solution) ;
copper, lead, mercurous, and silver salts; spirit
nitrous ether (if acid); nitric acid.
BROMINE WaAtTER—alkali hydrates; arsenites;
ferrous salts; hypophosphites; hydriodic acid;
mercurous salts.
120
BroMororM—caustic alkalies; aqueous liquids.
Bucnu—ferrous sulphate; infusion galls.
BUTYL-CHLORAL HypraTe Croton-chloral Hy-
drate)—acetamide; alkalies; camphor; carbolic
acid; exalgin; menthol; piperazine; pyroca-
techin; thymol; urethane.
CADMIUM Satts (Soluble)—alkalies, carbon-
ates; chromates; phosphates; sulphides.
CAFFEINE—like alkaloids in general. Antag-
onists: chloral hydrate; cocaine; morphine;
physostigmine.
CALCIUM CARBONATE—acids; alum; ammo-
nium chloride.
Catcium Sats (Soluble)—alkalies; carbon-
ates; citrates (with heat); oxalates; phos-
phates; tartrates.
CALOMEL—See mercurous chloride.
CALUMBA—acids (mineral); ammonia; cin-
chona infusion; galls infusion; ferric salts; lead
acetate; lime water; mercuric chloride; silver
nitrate; tartar emetic.
Campuor—butyl-chloral hydrate; carbolic
acid; chloral hydrate; chromic acid; dichlor-
acetic acid; euphorin; hydrochloric acid; men-
thol; monochloracetic acid; naphthol; potas-
sium permanganate; pyrocatechin; pyrogallol;
resorcin; salol; salicylic acid; thymol; ureth-
ane; water.
CaMPHOR, MoNoBROMATED—Carbolic acid;
chloral hydrate; euphorin; pyrocatechin; salol;
thymol.
CANTHARIDIN—copper sulphate; lead acetate;
mercuric chloride; silver nitrate.
CapstcumM—alum; ammonia; carbonates (alka-
121
line); copper sulphate; ferrous sulphate; galls
infusion; lead acetate; ‘mercuric chloride; silver
nitrate; zinc sulphate.
CARBONATES—acids; acid salts; alkaloidal
salts; bismuth subnitrate; salts of aluminium,
antimony, barium, bismuta, cadium, calcium,
chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, (ic and ous),
lead, manganese, mercury (ic and ous), nickel,
silver, strontium and zinc; urethane.
CarDAMOM—acids; ferrous sulphate; mercuric
chloride.
CaTecHu—acids (mineral); albumin; alka-
lies; calcium salts; cinchona infusion; ferric
and ferrous salts; gelatin; lime water; mer-
curic chloride; zinc sulphate.
CHARCOAL—all oxidizers (potassium chlorate,
potassium permanganate, etc.).
CHLORAL. HyprAtEe—acetanilid; alcohol; al-
kalies; ammonium salts; borax; borneol; cam-
phor; camphor monobromated; carbolic acid;
diuretin; euphorin; exalgin; glycerin (with
heat); lead acetate; menthol; mercuric oxide
and nitrate; phenacetin; piperazine; potassium
cyanide; potassium permangante; potassium
iodide; pyrocatechin; quinine sulphate; salol;
sodium phosphate; thymol; urea; urethane.
Antagonists: ammonium chloride; atropine;
brucine; carbolic acid; caffeine; cocaine; co-
deine; digitalis; physostigmine; | picrotoxin;
‘strychnine; thebaine.
CHLORATES—ammonium picrate; arsenites or
bromides (in acid solution); carbolic acid;
charcoal; cyanides; ferrous salts (in acid solu-
tion); gallic acid; glycerin; honey; hydro-
122
chloric acid; hypophosphites; hyposulphites;
iodides (in acid solution) ; iodine; iron (re-
duced); lycopodium; mercurous salts (in acid
solution); oxalic acid; phosphorus (amor-
phous); sulphides in acid solution; sulphuric
acid; salicylic acid; shellac; starch; sugar;
sulphides; sulphites.
CHLORIDES—hydrogen peroxide; lead, mer-
curous, and silver salts; nitric and sulphuric
acids.
CHLORINATED LimE—fats; glycerine; iodides;
oils.
CHLORINE WATER—alkalies; ammonium salts;
arsenous salts; bromides; ferrous salts; hypo-
phosphites; iodides; lead salts; lime water;
mercurous salts; oxalic acid; silver salts.
CHLOROFORM—Ccaustic alkalies; aqueous fluids.
Antagonists: amyl nitrite.
CHROMATES—bDarium, bismuth, lead, mangan-
ese, mercury, silver, and strontium salts.
CINcHONA—acids (mineral); alkalies; car-
bonates; alkaloidal precipitants; ferric and
ferrous salts; lead acetate; lime water; mag-
nesia; mercuric chloride; rhubarb infusion; sil-
ver nitrate; tartar emetic; zinc sulphate.
CirraAtes—alecohol; lead acetate; potassium
permanganate (in acid solution); silver nitrate.
CocAINE—acids (concent.); alkaloidal precip-
itants;. alkalies; caustic alkalies; hot water.
Cocaine hydrochloride is incompatible with
calomel, chloroform water, mercuric oxide and
Silver nitrate. Antagonists: alcohol; amyl ni-
trite; caffeine; chloral hydrate; digitalis;
morphine.
123
CoprINE—alkalies; alkaloidal precipitants;
ammonium bromide or chloride; ammonium
valerianate; copper, iron, and lead salts. An-
tagonist: chloral hydrate.
CoLcHiIcINe—acids; alkalies; alkaloidal pre-
cipitants.
CoLLopIon—carbolic acid; aqueous fluids.
CoLocyntH—alkalies; ferrous sulphate; lead
sulphate; lime water; mercuric chloride; sil-
ver nitrate.
ConrIInE—albumin; aluminium salts; alkaloid-
al precipitants; chromic acid; copper, iron,
manganese, and zinc salts.
ContumM—acids (vegetable); alkalies; tannic
acid.
CopaAIBA—acids (mineral); caustic alkalies;
both calcium hydrate and magnesia solidify it;
water.
CoprpeR AMMONIATED—acids; alkalies; lime
water.
CoPpPER SULPHATE—alkalies; ammonium ace-
tate; arsenites; arsenous acid; calcium chlo-
ride; carbonates; ferric acetate; glucose (in
alk. sol.); iodides; lead acetate; lime water;
mercuric chloride; potassium tartrate; phos-
phates; silver nitrate; sodium borate; vege-
table astringent infusions and tinctures.
CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE—See mercuric chloride.
CREOSOTE (BEECHWOoOoD)—acacia; albumin;
cupric, ferric, gold, and silver salts; nitric
acid; oxidizers.
CyYANIDES—acids; alkaloids; chloral hydrate;
iodine, lead, mercurous, and silver salts; per-
124
manganates; potassium chlorate; potassium
nitrate. Antagonist: atropine.
DeEcoctions—like infusions.
DieiTaLis—acids; alkalies; alkaloidal precipi-
tants; cinchona infusion; ferrous sulphate; lead
acetate; tannic acid and other vegetable astrin-
gents. Antagonists: aconite; chloral hydrate;
cocaine; glonoin; muscarine; saponin; sco-
parin; strychnine.
DIURETIN—acids; bicarbonates; borates; car-
bolic acid; chloral hydrate; ferric chloride;
phosphates; phosphoric acid. Also those of
salicylates.
Ereot—alkaloidal precipitants; tannic acid.
ETHER—bromine; chromic acid. ;
ETHER AceETIC—alkalies; chlorine water;
chromic acid; water. ;
ETHYL BroMipE—alkalies; ammonia water.
EKUCALYPTOL—potassium permanganate.
ExAaLGin—bromal hydrate; butyl-chloral hy-
drate; carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; euphorin;
menthol; naphtol; pyrocatechin; pyrogallol;
resorcin; salicylic acid; salol; thymol; ureth-
ane.
FORMALDEHYDE—albumin; alkalies; ammonia;
bisulphites; gelatin; copper, gold and _ silver
salts; phenylhydrazine; iron and tannin prepa-
rations.
GELATIN—alcohol; alumnol; chlorine water;
ferric salts; formaldehyde; mercuric chloride;
metaphosphoric acid; picric acid; platinum
chloride; potassium ferrocyanide; tannic acid;
tartar emetic.
125
GENTIAN—ferric and ferrous salts; lead ace-
tate.
GLonoIn—alkalies; carbonates; hydrochloric
acid; hydriodic acid.
GLUCOSIDES—acids; alkalies; ferments; lead
acetate and subacetate; hot water; tannic acid.
GLYCERIN—Cchromic acid; hot acids; lead ox-
ide; potassium permanganate; silver nitrate.
GLYCYRRHIZIN, AMMONIATED—acids (min-
eral); alkalies; metallic salts.
GOLD AND SopiuM CHLOoRIDE—alkalies; alka-
loids; arsenites; hypophosphorous acid; ferrous
and mercurous salts; organic substances; oxalic
acid; potassium iodide; sulphurous acid; thy-
mol; vegetable infusions.
GuAIAC Restn—acids (mineral); acacia; chlo-
rine water; chromic acid; ferric and gold chlo-
rides; metallic salts; potassium permanganate;
spirit nitrous ether.
GuaAtIAcoLt—like creosote.
HoMATROPINE—like belladonna.
Hyprastis—alkaloidal precipitants.
HypRoGEN Dt1oxiprE—alkalies; albumin; am-
monia; arsenous salts; balsam Peru; carbolic
acid; charcoal; chlorides; chlorine water;
citrates of alkalies; ferric salts; glycerin; gold
salts; hydrocyanic acid; hypophosphites;
iodides; lime water; manganese dioxide; mer-
curous salts; nitrates; potassium bromide; po-
tassium permanganate; sulphates; solution of
chlorinated soda; tartrates; tinctures gener-
ally.
HyoscyaMus—acids; alkaloidal precipitants;
126
ferrous sulphate; lead acetate; silver nitrate;
vegetable astringents.
HyYPpoPpHosPHITES—arsenic salts; bromine and
bromates; chlorine and chlorates; chromates;
cupric salts; ferric salts; iodine and iodates;
nitric acid; permanganates; sulphuric acid;
sulphurous acid.
IcHTHyYOoL—acids; alcohol; alkaloids; carbon-
ates; iron salts.
INFUSIONS—alkaloidal salts; aluminium-hy-
drate solution; lead acetate and _ subacetate;
mercuric chloride; silver nitrate; tartar emetic.
IopIbDES—alkaloids; arsenic salts (in acid
sol.); bromine; chlorine; bismuth, cupric, fer-
ric, leads mercury.) (ic and ous), and silver
salts; hydrogen peroxide (in acid sol.); nitric
acid; nitrites (in acid sol.).
IopINE—alkalies; alkaline earths; chloral hy-
drate; alkaloids; ferrous salts; hypophosphites;
hyposulphites; meicurous salts, metals; oils;
turpentine; starch, tannic acid.
IopororM—alkalies (with heat); balsam
Peru; calomel; mercuric oxide; oils (in the
light); silver nitrate; tannic acid.
IpecAc—lead acetate; vegetable astringents.
Iron (FrERRouS) Satts—alkalies; carbonates;
chromates; chlorates (in acid sol.); ferricyan-
ides; gold salts; hydrogen dioxide; mercuric
salts; phosphates; permanganates; sulphides;
tannic acid; silver salts.
Iron (FERRIC) SALTS—acacia; albumin; alka-
lies; apomorphine; aloin; benzoates; carbon-
ates; creosote; balsam Peru; benzoin (in alcohol
sol.); diuretin; gallic acid; gelatin; guaiac;
127
guaiacol; hydriodic acid; hypophosphites; hy-
posulphites; iodides; morphine; oils of bay,
cloves, cinnamon, pimento, thyme, and winter-
green; pyrogallol; resorcin; salol; sulphides;
sulphites; salicylates; tannic acid; vegetable
infusions and decoctions.
IRON CHLORIDE (FERRIC)—acacia; albumin;
alkalies; carbonates; gelatin; lime water; mag-
nesium carbonate; piperazine; vegetable decoc-
tions, infusions and tinctures.
IRON SULPHATE (FrERROUS)—alkalies; am-
monium, barium, and calcium chlorides; car-
bonates; gold and silver salts; lead acetate;
lime water; potassium iodide; piperazine;
potassium nitrate; Rochelle salt; sodium _ bo-
rate; tannin; vegetable astringent infusions.
Leap AcreTATE—acids; aikalies; bromides;
carbolic acid; carbonates; chloral hydrate;
chlorides; chromates; cyanides; glucosides;
gums; hydrochloric acid; iodides; opium; pyro-
catec.in; pyrogallol; resorcin; salicylic acid;
sodium phosphate; sodium _ salicylate; sul-
phates; sulphides; sulphites; tannic acid; urea;
urethane; vegetable decoctions, infusions, and
tinctures. :
LEAD SUBACETATE—See Sol. lead subacetate.
LupuLin—salts of iron, mercury, platinum
and tin.
MaGNESIA—acids; with copaiba forms solid
mass; with little water. becomes hydrated.
MAGNESIUM Sautrs—alkalies; arsenates; car-
bonates; lead acetate; lime water; oxalates;
phosphates; silver nitrate; sulphites;: tartrates.
MANGANESE SaLts—alkalies; carbonates; bro-
128
mine; chlorine, and iodine (in alk. sol.); cyan-
ides; phosphates.
MENTHOL—bromal hydrate; butyl-chloral hy-
drate; camphor; carbolic acid; chloral hydrate;
chromic acid; exalgin; naphtol; potassium per-
manganate; pyrocatechin; pyrogallol; resorcin;
thymol; urethane.
MERCURIC CHLORIDE (CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE)
—albumin; alkalies; alkaloids; ammonia; anti-
monous and arsenous salts; bromides; borax;
carbonates; copper salts; ferrous salts; formic
acid; glucosides; honey; hypophosphites or
hypophosphorous acid; iodides; infusions of
cinchona, columbo, oak bark, and senna; lead
salts; lime water; milk; phosphates; pipera-
zine; silver nitrate; soap; sulphates of potas-
sium or sodium; sulphides; syrup sarsaparilla
compound; tannic acid; tartar emetic; vegetable
astringents; zinc salts.
MERCUROUS CHLORIDE (CALOMEL)—acacia;
acids (mineral); alkalies; ammonia; antimony
sulphide, golden; arsenites (in alk. mixtures) ;
bromides; carbonates; chlorides; citric acid;
cocaine; cyanides; copper salts; hydrocyanic
acid; hydrogen peroxide; hypophosphorous
acid; iodides; iodine; iodoform; lead salts;
lime water; mercuric oxides; pilocarpine; so-
dium bicarbonate; sugar (cane and milk; silver
salts; soaps; sulphides; tragacanth.
Mercury AMMONIATEP (WHITE PRECIPITATE)
—acids; alkalies; bromine; chlorine; iodine;
lime water.
Mercury Iopipr, Rep—like mercuric chloride.
-— Se” 2
129
MERCURY IopIDE, YELLOW—like mercurous
chloride.
‘
MeErRcuRY OxiIpDE—mineral acids; chloral hy-
drate; mercuric chloride.
MERCURY SUBSULPHATE (TURPETH MINERAL)
—acids; caustic alkalies.
METHYLELNE BLuE—caustic potassa; potas-
sium bichromate; potassium iodide; reducing
agents; sulphuric acid.
MoreHtIne—alkaloidal precipitants; borax;
chlorates; ferric chloride; iodates; iodides;
iodine; lead acetate and subacetate; magnesia;
spirit nitrous ether; silver nitrate. See also
alkaloids. Antagonists: atropine; caffeine;
chloroform; cocaine; daturine; gelsemium;
hyoscyamine; nicotine; paraldehyde; physos-
tigmine; picrotoxin; veratrum viride.
Musk—acids (mineral); cinchona infusion;
ferrous sulphate; mercuric chloride; silver
nitrate.
NAPHTALIN—Carbolic acid; chromic acid;
pyrocatechin; salol.
NAPHTOL Bera—antipyrin; camphor; carbolic
acid; chlorinated lime; exalgin; ferric chloride;
menthol; potassium permanganate; pyrocate-
chin; urethane.
Nitrtres—Acetanilid; antipyrin; chlorates; -
chromates; gold chloride; hypophosphites; io-
dates; iodides; mercury salts (ic and ous); per-
manganates; sulphites; tannic acid; vegetable
astringent decoctions; infusions or tinctures.
NITROGLYCERIN—See glonoin.
Nux Vomica—see strychnine.
130
Or TURPENTINE—bromine; chlorine; iodine;
water.
Om WINTERGREEN—like acid salicylic.
OptuM—alkalies; alkaloidal precipitants; car-
bonates; catechu; cinchona; copper salts; galls;
iron salts; kino; lead acetate and subacetate;
lime water; mercuric chloride; silver nitrate;
zinc sulphate. Antagonists: see morphine.
OXxALATES—See oxalic acid.
PANCREATIN—acids; alcohol; sodium chloride
(in excess). '
PARALDEHYDE—alkalies; hydrocyanic acid;
iodides; oxidizers.
Prepsin—alcohol; alkalies; tannic acid; vege-
table decoctions and infusions.
PHENACETIN—acids (strong; alkalies
(strong); carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; _ io-
dine; oxidizers; piperazine; pyrocatechin; sali-
cylic acid.
PHENOCOLL HybDROCHLORIDE—acids (nitric or
nitro-hydrochloric); alum; benzoates; chloral
hydrate; cinchona; compound tincture or decoc-
tion; mercuric chloride; piperazine; potassium
acetate, bicarbonate, bromide, citrate or sul-
phate.
PHOSPHATES—Ssee acid phosphoric.
PHOSPHORUS—all oxidizers.
PHYSOSTIGMINE—See alkaloids. Antagonists:
atropine; caffeine; chloral hydrate; morphine;
strychnine.
PicroToxiIn—acids. Antagonists: chloral hy-
drate; morphine.
PILOCARPINE HyprocHLoripe—alkaloidal pre-
131
cipitants; calomel; potassium permanganate.
Antagonists: atropine.
PIPERAZINE—acetanilid; alkaloidal salts;
alum; butyl-chloral hydrate; carbolic acid;
chloral hydrate; copper sulphate; ferric chlor-
ide; ferrous sulphate; mercuric chloride; phen-
acetin; phenocoll hydrochloride; picric. acid;
potassium permanganate; quinine; silver ni-
trate; solution arsenic and mercury iodide; so-
dium salicylate; spirit nitrous ether; tannic
acid.
Porassa, SULPHURATED—acids; acid salts.
POTASSIUM AND SopiuM TARTRATE—acids;
ammonium chloride; barium salts; calcium
salts; lead salts; magnesium sulphate; silver
nitrate; sodium sulphate.
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE—acids (mineral) ;
alcohol; ammonia; arsenites; bromides; car-
bolic acid; chlorides; charcoal; fats; ferrous
salts; glycerine; gums; hydrogen dioxide; hy-
pophosphites; hyposulphites; mercurous salts;
oils; organic substances; oxalic acid; oxalates;
picrie acid; piperazine; sulphites; tannic acid;
tartaric acid.
PyYoKTANIN—alkalies; mercuric chloride.
PyROcATECHIN—acetanilid; alkalies; antipy-
rin; ammonium carbonate; bromal hydrate;
butyl-chloral hydrate; camphor; camphor mono-
bromated; carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; diu-
retin; euphorin; exalgin; ferric cnloride; leau
acetate; menthol; naphtalin; napntol; nitric
acid; phenacetin; pyrogallcl; resorcin; salol;
sodium phosphate; thymol; urea; urethane.
PyroGALLot—alkalies; ammonia; antipyrine;
132
camphor; carbolic acid; diuretin; exalgin; fer-
ric acetate or chloride; ferrous sulphate; gold
salts; iodine; lead acetate; lime water; men-
thol; mercury salts; potassium permanganate;
pyrocatechin; sodium phosphate; urea; ure-
thane.
QUININE AND Saxtts—like alkaloids.
Resin—carbolic acid; caustic alkalies; men-
thol; salol; thymol; urethane.
Resorcin—acetanilid; albumin; alkalies; an-
tipyrin; camphor; exalgin; ferric chloride;
menthol; potassium iodide (in alk. sol.); spirit
nitrous ether; urethane.
RiuvuUBARB—acids (mineral); ferrous sulphate;
infusion of catechu; cinchona or galls; lead
acetate; lime water; mercuric chloride; silver
nitrate; tartar emetic; zinc sulphate.
SALICYLATES—Ssee acid, salicylic.
SaLoLt—alkalies (with heat); bromine water;
camphor; camphor monobromated; carbolic
acid; chloral hydrate; exalgin; ferric chloride;
naphtalin; pyrocatechin; resin; thymol; ure-
thane.
SARSAPARILLA—-galls infusion; leaa acetate;
lime water; mercuric chloride (with comp. syr.
of).
SENNA—acids (mineral); carbonates; cin-
chona infusion; lead acetate; lime water; mer-
curic chloride; silver nitrate; tartar emetic.
SILVER NiItTrRATE—acetates; alcohol; alkalies;
antimony salts; arsenites; bromides; carbon-
ates; chlorides; chromates; creosote; cyanides;
copper salts; ferrous sulphate; glucose; hypo-
phosphites; iodides; morphine salts; oils;
|
133
manganous salts; organic substances; phos-
phates; sulphides; sulphates; tartrates; vege-
table astringent infusions and decoctions.
SILVER OxipE—antimony and arsenic. sul-
phides; bismuth; copper, iron and mercury
salts; creosote; iodine; organic substances;
phosphorus; tannic acid.
SopIUM HyYPOSULPHITE ( THIOSULPHATE ) —
acids; barium, lead, mercuroxs, and silver salts;
arsenic and ferric salts, and chromates and per-
manganates (all in acid solution); chlorates;
iodine; nitrates; oxidizers.
SopiIuM :PHosPHATE—alkaloids; antipyrine;
carbolic acid; choral hydrate; lead acetate;
pyrocatechin; pyrogallol; resorcin; salicylic
acid; sodium salicylate. See also acid, phos-
phorie.
SOLUTION ARSENIC AND Mercury IODIDE
(DoNOVAN’S SOLUTION )—alkaloids; caustic alka-
lies; piperazine. See also acid arsenous and
iodides.
SOLUTION. LEAD SUBACETATE—acacia; acids
(organic); albumin; alkaloids; antipyrine; glu-
cosides. Otherwise like lead acetate.
SOLUTION SODIUM SILICATE—acacia; acids; al-
cohol.
Sprrir AMMONIA, AROMATIC
lime water; aqueous fiuids.
Spirit CAMPHOR—acacia; aqueous fluids;
gelatin.
Spirit LEMon—acacia, aqueous fluids; gelatin.
Spirit Nirrous HrHEer—acacia; ~~ acetanilid;
alkalies; antipyrin; carbonates; ferrous sul-
phate; gelatin; guaiac tincture; iodides; mor-
acids; acid salts;
134
phine; tannic acid; piperazine; preparations of
uva ursi: thymol. See also nitrites.
SPIRIT PEPPERMINT—acacia; aqueous fiuids;
gelatin.
STARCH (IN SOLUTION)—acids; alcohol; alka- -
lies; diastase; iodine; lead subacetate; lime
water; tannic acid.
STRAMONIUM—acids (mineral) salts of iron,
lead, mercury and silver. Otherwise like bella-
donna.
STRONTIUM SALTS—alkalies; carbonates; chro-
mates; oxalates; phosphates; sulphates.
STRYCHNINE—all alkaloidal precipitants. An-
tagonists: aconite; alcohol; amyl nitrite; atro-
pine; chloral hydrate; chloroform; curarine;
digitalis; hydrocyanic acid; morphine; nico-
tine; paraldehyde; physostigmine; potassium
bromide; urethane.
SULPHATES—see acid sulphuric.
SuLPHUR—potassium chlorate; potassium per-
manganate.
TARAXACUM—g8alls infusion, iron, lead, mer-
cury and silver salts.
TARTAR EMETIC—See antimony and potassium
tartrate.
TEREBENE—Chlorine; bromine; iodine; water.
THEOBROMINE SALTs—gold, mercury and sil-
ver salts; water. See also diuretin.
Tuymot—Acetanilid; antipyrin; butyl-chloral
hydrate; camphor; camphor monobramated;
carbolic acid; chloral hydrate; exalgin; gold
salts; menthol; pyrocatechin; quinine sulphate;
resin; salol; spirit nitrous ether; urethane.
135
TRAGACANTH—alcohol; copper sulphate; fer-
rous sulphate; lead acetate (basic and neutral).
UrEA—bromal hydrate; chloral hydrate; lead
acetate; pyrocatechin; pyrogallol.
UreETHANE—aldehydes; alkalies; antipyrin;
benzoic acid; bromal hydrate; butyl-chloral
hydrate; camphor; carbonates; carbolic acid;
exalgin; menthol; naphtol; pyrocatechin; pyro-
gallol; resin; resorcin; salicylic acid; salol;
thymol.
Uva Ursi—alkalies; gelatin; cinchona infu-
sion; iron and lead salts; opium; silver nitrate;
spirit nitrous ether; tartar emetic.
VALERIAN—Cinchona infusion; iron and silver
salts.
VEGETABLE PREPARATIONS—iron and lead salts.
WatrerR—alcoholic extracts and_ tinctures;
alkaloids generally; collodion; fats; oils; gum
resins; resins; resinous extracts and tinctures.
ZINC SALTS—acacia; alkalies; arsenates; car-
bonates; cyanides; lime water; milk; oxalates;
phosphates; sulphates; sulphides; vegetable as-
tringent decoctions and infusions.
EXAMPLES OF INCOMPATIBILITY IN
PRESCRIPTIONS *
Sodii Boratis, er
Zinci Sulphatis, ors
ot Il
Aquae Camphorae, fan
Aquae Rosae, qs. ad., acre
M. Sig. Put one drop in each eye night and
morning. ,
The zinc is entirely precipitated by the borax,
producing a white flocculent precipitate of zinc
borate or hydrate. If dispensed, the precipitate
should be filtered out.
Iodine, Sr. AEE
Spirit of Camphor, £Z :
Soap Liniment, i
Mix and label. Apply as directed.
This makes a clear brownish-red solution,
w...cu on standing two or three days loses much
of its color, becoming light brown. On applying
the starch test for free iodine no blue color was
obtained. According to Muir and Morley, iodine
with camphor forms a hydrocarbon and other
substances.
R
Liquor Ferri Chloridi,
{5 Ij
Potassii Chloratis, 24 23, @.6
Glycerini, {25
*From Ruddiman's ‘“‘Incompatibilities in Prescriptions.”
John Wiley & Sons, Publishers.
137
M. Sig. Teaspoonful twice a day.
There is considerable danger of having an
explosion in attempting to fill this. If the potas-
sium chlorate is rubbed with the glycerin, ex- ;
plosion is liable to take place or if the chlorate
be added to the solution of ferric chloride,
which always contains some free hydrochloric
acid, chlorine will be formed, and this will act
upon the glycerin, converting it into oxalic and
carbonic acids. In filling this the temperature
should not go above 70°F., and then the bottle
should be loosely stoppered for a time before
giving out.
R
lodoform,
an
Mix and label. Dust over abraided surface.
No change is noticed in the appearance of this
mixture on standing. The odor of the iodoform
slowly diminishes, and, according to the U. S.
Dispensatory (17th Ed.), this is due to the de-
composition of the iodoform by the tannic acid.
R
Sodii Salicylatis,
Pannic. acid. . aa
31y ss
Syrupi Limonis, eae
M. Sig. Teaspoonful three times a day.
On standing, the citric acid in the: syrup com-
bines with the sodium, liberating salicylic acid,
which, being only sparingly soluble in water, is
precipitated in needle-shaped crystals. This can
be dispensed as a shake mixture. The precipi-
138
tation is rather tardy and it would be well to
give notice of the change which will take place.
Re
Liquoris Potass. Arsenitis, ieee
Hydrargyri Chloridi Cor., Sti
Aquae, fs ee
Misce et fiat sol. Sig. Dessert spoonful three
times a day.
Fowler’s solution is alkaline, due to the
excess of potassium bicarbonate used in
making the solution. Boiling with water con-
verts the bicarbonate into the normal carbonate
of potassium to some extent. Either the bicar-
bonate or the normal carbonate precipitates
mercuric chloride in solution as the red-brown
mercuric oxychloride. If the solution of arsen-
ous acid be used, instead of Fowler’s solution
it will not give a precipitate with corrosive
sublimate.
R
Quininae Sulph., fat whe. ¢
Potassi Acetatis, oT Kx
Acidi Sulphurici Dil., gtt Iv
Aquae, q.-s. ad,
M.S. Teaspoonful after meals.
On dissolving the quinine sulphate in part of
the cinnamon water with the aid of the _sul-
139
phuric acid, then adding the potassium acetate
previously dissolved in the remainder of the
water, a voluminous precipitate of quinine ace-
tate is obtained. Quinine acetate is only spar-
ingly soluble in water, and the amount here
formed is so large and bulky that it is difficult
to pour out an even dose.
R
Acidi Carbolici, Ziss
Aquae, q. Ss. ad,
M. S. Use with camel-hair brush.
Water can be added to carbolic acid, until the
proportion is about 3 parts of acid to 1 part of
water, forming a clear solution. (Allen). On
adding more water the acid separates as an oily
liquid, going to the bottom. When water has
been added so that the proportion is about 1
part of acid to 15 parts of water, a clear solu-
tion again results. In this prescription there
will be a layer of liquefied acid in the bottom
of the bottle. If the brush should remain in
the bottle between the periods of using it there
is danger that it will become saturated with
the strong acid and that it will be applied in
this condition. By the use of some glycerin in
place of part of the water a clear solution can
be made and this is what should be done.
R
Syrupi Acidi Hydriodici,
ih
Bismuthi Subnit, eas
140
M. S. Teaspoonful three times a day.
The bismuth subnitrate is. insoluble in the
syrup, but a chemical reaction takes place be-
tween it and the hydrioaic acid, as is evidenced
by the change in color. Bismuth subnitrate is
white; on mixing it with the syrup the color
becomes yellow, and within a few minutes it
turns to a dark brown and then grayish black.
On allowing the precipitate to settle it appears
to be a mixture of two compounds, one yellow
and the other dark gray. According to Watts’
Dictionary, the oxyiodide of bismuth is copper-
colored and the bismuth iodide is a brilliant
gray.
ag
Alcohol, - 30 ce:
Iodine, 10 gm.
Turpentine, 200-ce:
Mix. To be used as a spray.
If the turpentine is poured upon the iodine
violent chemical reaction results, with the for-
mation of violet fumes of vaporized iodine,
caused by the heat generated. While there is
not enough of alcohol to dissolve all of the
iodine, it is best to dissolve as much as pos-
sible before adding the turpentine, which should
be added in small portions, cooling the mixture
if necessary. Upon standing the liquid sepa-
rates into two layers. The lower one, being
much smaller in amount and very dark colored,
is probably the alcohol holding most of the
141
iodine in solution; the upper stratum is very
much lighter in color and is probably the tur-
pentine. Turpentine and alcohol are not misci-
ble in all proportions.
R
Bismuth Subnit., -—
Oo Ai
Sodii Bicarbonatis, Srx xe
Reo Riane pil. Now 2x
In mixing these two substances chemical re-
action takes place, with the liberation of carbon
dioxide, which causes the mass to swell to sev-
eral times its original size. This reaction goes
on slowly requiring several hours for its com-
pletion, and the mass should not be made into
pills until the reaction has been completed.
If the subcarbonate had been substituted for the
subnitrate incompatibility would have been
avoided and the same physiologic effects ob-
tained.
R
Potassii Bromidi, grxv
Hydrargyri Chlor. Mitis, 2rxv
Misce et fiat pulvis: Mitte tales No. XII.
If the ingredients are powdered separately
and are perfectly dry when mixed no chemical
reaction takes place. But upon addition or wa-
ter or in the presence of moisture the powder
becomes dark gray in color. The darkening is
due to the formation of metallic mercury. At
142
the same time some of the calomel is converted
into a mercuric salt, rendering the prescription
dangerous. It should not be dispensed.
RK
Morphinae Sulph., grrr
Sp. Aetheris Nitrosi,
Aquae, aa f
Misce. Signa: Capiat cochleare unum par-
vum quoties requiritur.
The nitrous ether acts upon the morphine giv-
ing a yellowish green solution. Morphine is
undoubtedly oxidized by the nitrous acid, but
the products have not been determined.
R
Lig. Plumbi Subacet. Dil.,
Tinctural Opii, a a. 2 ts 6
Aquae, t3 :
M. S. Lotion.
This is a very common combination. Lead
subacetate forms compounds with nearly all
alkaloids, and these are insoluble in water. The
opium alkaloids are no exceptions. The alcohol
of the tincture undoubtedly tends to prevent the
precipitation to some extent, though there is
still quite a heavy one. The mixture should not
be filtered.
143
Cocainae Hydrochlor., grv
Sodae Boratis, ae
Aquae Dest., oF
M.S. Drop one drop in right eye at night.
Borax is alkaline in reaction and. precipitates
nearly all alkaloids from solutions of their
salts. It precipitates the cocaine in this pre-
scription, but the difficulty can be prevented by
the use of a little glycerin. The glycerin acts
chemically on the borax, breaking it up and
forming sodium metaborate and boric acid. If
boric acid were used instead of borax no pre-
cipitation would occur.
R
Sp. Ammoniae Arom., fa:
Liquoris Calcis, fee
M. S. Dessertspoonful as needed.
On mixing these two ingredients together a
white precipitate of calcium carbonate is
formed, the spirit containing ammonium car-
bonate. The lime water also throws out of so-
lution the oils of the aromatic spirit. Whether
the precipitate should be filtered out or not
must depend upon the conditions for which the
medicine is prescribed.
144.
POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES *
In treating cases of poisoning, four indica-
tions must be kept in mind: (A) How to most
quickly get the bulk of the poison out of the
stomach by forcibly emptying it; (B) how to
antidote the residual poison after evacuating
the stomach; (C) how to eliminate from the
system the poison that has entered the blood or
gone on into the intestines; (D) how to treat
the dangerous symptoms as they arise from the
effects of the poison.
ACETANILID, ANTIFEBRIN, ANTIPYRIN.—Place
patient in a recumbent position, allow plenty of
fresh air; give stimulants (brandy, whiskey,
aromatic spirits of ammonia, etc.) Apply heat
externally; use atropine or belladonna to main-
tain blood pressure; strychnine to aid respira-
tion; oxygen inhalations if there is excessive
cyanosis.
Acip AceTic.—mAdminister magnesia freely;
soap and water; lime water; chalk; milk, oils
and thick gruel may be given.
Acip Carpotic.—Unless great destruction of
mucous membrane has occurred, produce vomit-
ing by means of warm water containing some
sodium bicarbonate or zinc sulphate; mustard;
apomorphine. Demulcent drinks, flaxseed or
‘elm tea, and white of egg beaten up with water,
protect mucous surfaces. Do not give oils or
glycerin. As stimulants use whiskey, alcohol,
ammonia, etc., hypodermically if need _ be,
*From Merck's Report Ready Reference. (Adapted to
veterinary practice. When vomiting is mentioned it is.
understood to refer to the smaller animals as the pig, dog -
and cat; not to the herbivora).
145
warmth; friction. Opium relieves pain. Excite
counter irritation over the abdomen. Give digi-
talis and strychnine if needed. Recently whis-
key and brandy have been warmly recom-
mended, followed in a few minutes by a hypo-
dermic injection of apomorphine to produce
vomiting. A Dublin veterinarian, Allen, has
lately recommended turpentine for carbolic
acid poisoning.
AcIpD, CARBONIC AND Coan GaAs.—Bring the
patient at once into the open air. If the respira-
tory movements have ceased, cold water should
be dashed on the face and chest, to awaken
them to reflex action. If no effect is thereby
produced resort to artificial respiration which
should be continued for at least an hour. A
series of quick sharp blows over the- cardiac
region will sometimes start the heart into ac-
tion after it has stopped. Inhalation of oxygen
or ammonia vapor, or an enema of black coffee,
and venesection, may be of service.
AcIp, CHROMIC, POTASSIUM CHROMATE AND
BICHROMATE.—Evacuate the stomach with % oz.
of mustard stirred to a cream with 1 oz. of
water; (man or dog), or with zinc sulphate,
apomorphine; ipecac or pump. Follow with
magnesium oxide or carbonate, sodium bicar-
bonate, or chalk, in water; as demulcent drinks
give barley, elm or fiaxseed water.
‘Acip, HYDROCYANIC, CYANIDES, CHERRY-LAUREL
Water, Or Bitter ALMonpD.—Fifteen minims of
official acid, or 1 grain of anhydrous acid, usu-
ally kills (man or dog) in 10 to 15 minutes.
Place in recumbent position, allow plenty of
146
fresh air; empty the stomach by mustard, zinc
sulphate, or pump; keep the body warm. If
breathing ceases, use artificial respiration, mild
faradic current to the heart, alternate cold and
warm affusion to head chest and spine; admin-
ister ammonia by inhalation or give it by
mouth or veins; inject atropine solution 2 to 4
drops every half hour, to assist the heart’s ac-
tion. Ferrous sulphate with ferric sulphate,
followed by potassium carbonate, yields inert
Prussian blue. Ferrous sulphate alone or with
calcined magnesia renders the acid insoluble,
but the action of the acid is so quick that there
is scarcely time for the applications of many
remedies. Brandy by the mouth, skin, or rec-
tum has been found valuable.
AcID, OXALIC AND OXALATES.—Half to one
ounce usually proves fatal (man or dog). If not
already vomited by the poison, empty the stom-
ach at once with mustard, zinc sulphate, pump
or tube, then neutralize with chalk, whiting, or
wall plaster in water, or lime water itself, never
with sodium, potassium or ammonia salts, as
these form soluble oxalates; apply hot fomenta-
tions to the loins. Give en enema to empty the
bowels. Give much water to facilitate elimina-
tion by the kidneys.
Acips, MINERAL: HybpRocHLORIC, Nitric, NITRO-
HYDROCHLORIC, SULPHURIC, PHOSPHORIC.—One to
four drams of the stronger acids usually proves
fatal (man and dog). Neutralize with sodium
bicarbonate, calcined magnesia, lime, chalk, or
wall plaster mixed with water; if none of these
are accessible, dilute and wash out the stomach
147
with considerable water. One may use with ad-
vantage any of the following—soap, milk, gruel,
olive and almond oil, eggs beaten up. Avoid the
stomach pump as it might perforate the soft-
ened cesophagus.
ACONITE AND ACONITINE.—Thirty to sixty
drops of tincture or one-twentieth grain of alka-
loid generally prove fatal (man or dog). Evacu-
ate the stomach at once with zinc sulphate;
apomorphine, mustard, or pump; place in a
recumbent position, the head the lowest; apply
warmth to the extremities; give solution, four
drops hypodermically or, give tincture of bella-
donna twenty drops by the mouth, repeated. If
heart syncope presents, give tincture of digitalis
fifteen drops hypodermically or thirty drops by
the mouth. As stimulants, use ammonia, brandy,
strychnine, mustard plasters to the chest. Aid
vomiting and elimination of the poison by
abundant water, to which may be added brandy
or alcohol in any form. Inhale amyl nitrite, or
oxygen, and if breathing stops use artificial res-
piration. Animal charcoal and tannin are of
service.
(The doses of the antidotes mentioned above
are for man and dog; for larger animals the
dosage should be in proportion to size).
ALconoL.—Inebriation somewhat resembles
opium poisoning and concussion of the brain.
Empty the stomach, wash out well with warm
coffee, keep the body very warm, but apply cold
douche to the head; allow plenty of fresh air;
apply interrupted current to the respiratory
muscles; ammonia water or amyl nitrite to the
148
nostrils; keep the patient awake mechanically
by shaking, shouting, etc.
ALKALIES, POTASSA, SODA AND AMMONIA.—
They usually cause vomiting, but if they do not,
accomplish this by plenty of luke-warm water,
to be followed by vinegar (dilute acetic acid,
lemon or orange juice, tartaric or citric acid
solution, 2 drams to a pint of water); olive oil
(1 to 4 drams for man and dog); egg white,
milk, demulcent drinks (arrowroot, elm, bar-
ley, or flaxseed water) to protect the mucous
membranes and ‘sustain vital powers. May al-
ways give plenty of water and relieve pain with
laudanum or hypodermics of morphine.
ALKALOIDS IN GENERAL.—Tannin generally
forms comparatively insoluble tannates: albu-
min; iodine and charcoal also of service; use
emetics and cathartics later. ‘
AMMONIA. —Administer vinegar, iesran juice,
orange juice, or any vegetable acid, followed by
demulcents to protect the mucous’ surfaces.
When inhaled, give vapor of acetic or hydro-
chloric acid or chlorine water by inhalation.
Amyt Nitrite.—Atropine, ergotin, or strych-
nine hypodermically are the best antidotes;
stimulants, alternate hot and cold douches, with
cold to the head, and artificial respiration are
also useful measures.
ANTIMONY CoMPpouNDS, TARTAR EMETIC.—In
man, 2 to 5 grains have occasioned death, while
several drams have failed to produce more than
great vomiting and alarming general symptoms.
Should these fail to cause the patient to vomit
one must create this by mustard, zine sulphate,
149
apomorphine or pump; follow with strong tea
or coffee, solution of tannic or gallic acid, to
form an insoluble compound. Give demulcent
drinks (flaxseed, slippery elm, egg white,
milk); opium and stimulants in small but fre-
quent doses. If the body be cold, apply blan-
kets; faradic current over the heart if neces-
sary. Instead of tannin, freshly precipitated
ferric hydroxide can be used, following with
opium or morphine for the pain.
ANTIPYRIN.—See Acetanilid.
ApocyNiIn.—Like Digitalis.
ARSENIC CompouNpDs.—Unless the poison itself
vomits, accomplish this with mustard, zinc sul-
phate, apomorphine, pump, or tube. WHither
wash out the stomach with a large quantity of
water or give freshly precipitated hydrated
oxide of iron, made by double decomposition be-
tween any ferric solution and a _ solution of
either diluted ammonia water, sodium carbon-
ate, or magnesium oxide, the object being to
form insoluble ferric arsenite or arsenate. The
ammonia acts as a stimulant, the calcined mag-
nesia aS an aperient. One may give with ad-
vantage, oil, mucilaginous drinks, egg white,
and in case of faintness, stimulants. If the
skin be cold, apply hot blankets, and relieve the
pain by opium or morphine; one may conclude
with a dose of castor oil.
ATROPINE.—See Belladonna.
BariuM Compounpbs.—See Lead compounds.
BELLADONNA OR ATROPINE, HYOSCYAMUS OB
HYOSCYAMINE, STRAMONIUM OR DATURINE, DUL-
CAMARA OR SOLANINE, DUBOISIA OR DUBOISINE.—
Empty the stomach by mustard, zinc sulphate
150
apomorphine, pump or tube; give strong infu-
sion of coffee, or tea by the mouth or rectum;
also pilocarpine nitrate; or instead, use mor-
phine, opium, or physostigmine to antagonize
the nervous disturbances of the poison. Apply
hot water to the feet; alternate douches of hot
and cold water are useful. Give stimulants
(whiskey or brandy), ammonia to the nostrils;
also practise artificial respiration.
BENZENE.—Evacuate the stomach (mustard,
zinc sulphate, apomorphine, ipecac, pump). Give
abundant fresh air; hypodermic of atropine, or
tincture of belladonna. Apply alternately hot
and cold water douches to the chest; practise
artificial respiration, and apply a mild inter-
rupted current over the heart.
Buur STonE.—See copper, under mercury com-
pounds.
BroMIDES.—Give strong coffee, caffeine citrate,
digitalis; morphine is antagonistic to mental
symptoms; ergot and belladonna are sometimes
used.
BroMINE.—Give albumin, starch, gelatin, so-
dium or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate.
Against the irritant vapor, inhalations of steam
and ammonia vapor may be employed.
BrucIne.—See strychnine.
CALABAR BrEAN.—See Physostigma.
CampHuor.—Empty the stomach (by mustard,
zine sulphate, pump, etc.); give alcohol or
brandy in small and frequent doses( best hypo-
dermically) ether inhalations; alternate hot
and cold douches; warmth to the extremities
by hot blankets, ete.
151
CANNABIS INDICA.—Treat as in opium, but
also in the first stages use lemon juice.
CANTHARIDES OR CANTHARIDIN.—In man or
dog a half dram of powder or one ounce of the
tincture usually proves fatal. Empty the stom-
ach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine,
ipecac, pump); allay pain with morphine hypo-
dermically or tincture of opium (through the
mouth or rectum). Give plenty of demulcent
drinks (barley, elm, flaxseed tea, gruel or pure
water) but no oils or oily emulsion, in which
catharidin is very soluble; opium, stimulants,
warm baths, cataplasms to the abdomen.
CARBON DISULPHIDE.—Quiet the nervous ex-
citement with potassium bromide and chloral;
support the circulation with stimulants; may
vomit with mustard at first; ammonia to nos-
trils, warmth to the body, cold douche to the
head; artificial respiration.
Castor Breans.—In man three seeds in one
case, and twenty in another, have caused death
in two and five days respectively. As soon as
they have been swallowed give an emetic (mus-
tard, etc.); later give demulcent drinks, opium
to quiet violent symptoms which resemble
those of cholera.
Cat BitrEes.—See Dog Bites.
CHERRY-LAUREL WatTER.—See Acid Hydro-
cyanic.
CHLoRAL.—One-half to one dram may prove
fatal (small animals); empty the stomach
(mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, ipecac,
pump). When the stomach is empty introduce
coffee by tube (mouth or rectum); keep limbs
152
warm (friction, mustard plasters, water bags).
Administer hypodermically, fresh 2% solution
of sirychnine nitrate every fifteen minutes.
Picrotoxin may be substituted for strychnine.
Arouse the patient and keep him awake by cof-
fee, caffeine, flagellation, shaking, shouting; ap-
ply ammonia to the nostrils, cold to the head;
amyl nitrite inhalation to stimulate the heart;
practise artificial respiration if necessary.
CHLORATES (and Nitrates—potassium, sodium,
ete.)—Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc sul-
phate, amorphine). Give plenty of water and
mucilaginous drinks to dilute the poison, opium
to relieve the pain; amyl nitrite inhalations;
avoid stimulants that would increase kidney
congestion, keep warm by hot fomentations to
the loins.
CHLOROFORM or Ether, Nitrous Oxide Gas.
—Withdraw the inhalation at once, lower well
the head; pull the tongue forward so as to ad-
mit plenty of fresh air. Use artificial respira-
tion and heat; weak current—one pole at the
larynx, the other on the pit of the stomach (not
far from the diaphragm). Apply hot and cold
douche; inhale amyl nitrite. If the heart has
stopped, give several taps over that region, in-
hale ammonia, give brandy, atropine, strych-
nine. If swallowed evacuate the stomach (mus-
tard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, pump);
enema of hot coffee, large draughts of water,
containing sodium carbonate or bicarbonate,
and proceed as if inhaled.
CHLORINATED Lime.—Administer albumin, mu-
cilaginous drinks, oils, milk, or flour and water;
153
avoid acids. Opium and alcohol are used for
the vital depression.
CHLORINE.—Against chlorine preparations in
the stomach employ albumin or ammonia water
in small quantity and well diluted; emesis with
warm water, then white of egg, or milk, flour,
or lime water. Ammonia vapor is used against
inhaled chlorine.
Coat Gas.—Carbon monoxide is the poisonous
agent. See also Acid, Carbonic.
CoBALT.—See Arsenic.
CocAINE.—Resembles closely atropine in its
general action as to pulse, pupils, respiration,
sweat glands and bowels. Give one of the usual
emetics, then tannin. Morphine is probably the
best all round antagonist; then in sequence,
chloral, chloroform, and ether. Give amyl
nitrite to counteract heart depression; alcohol
and opium to stimulate the heart; should these
fail, use artificial respiration. One may em-
ploy ammonia inhalations and caffeine.
CoccuLus Inpicus.—See Strychnine.
CoDEINE.—See Opium.
CoLcHIcUM. (wine or tincture; Colocynth,
Elaterium ).—If vomiting and purging have not
occurred, accomplish the former by one of the
usual emetics (mustard, zinc sulphate, ipecac,
apomorphine, or pump); follow with tannic or
gallic acid, or strong tea or coffee; plenty of
water and demulcent drinks; opium or mor-
phine to allay the pain in the stomach, purging,
and to antagonize heart depression, stimulants
(alcohol, whiskey, etc.). Keep the extremities
warm and apply hot fomentations to the ab-
domen.
154
CoLOcYNTH.—See Colchicum.
Contum (or Coniiney.—Empty the stomach
(mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine, pump) ;
apply external warmth (hot wraps, bags or bot-
tles), give strong tea, coffee, tannic, or gallic
acid, or any solution containing tannin; stimu-
lants, artificial respiration; strychnine, picro-
toxin, active exercise; castor oil.
CoONVALLARIA.—See Digitalis.
CopPpeER CoMPOUNDS.—See Mercury Compounds.
CoRROSIVE SUBLIMATE.—See Mercury Com-
pounds.
CREOSOTE.—Practically the same as with Car-
bolic Acid.
Croton O1r.—Empty the stomach (mustard,
zinc sulphate apomorphine, pump); give tinc-
ture of opium or morphine hypodermically, un-
til pain and purging are abated. Give demul-
cent drinks (elm, flaxseed water, mucilage,
milk, olive oil, albumin, soup); spirit of cam-
phor in milk; stimuiants (brandy, alcohol,
whiskey, ammonia), warm baths are also used.
CURARINE (or Curare).—If introduced in a
wound, and all is not removed apply ligature,
suck the injured part, washing it out with
slightly alkaline solution of potassium per-
manganate; apply warmth to the loins, plenty
of water internally, artificial respiration; spirit
of nitrous ether rapidly eliminates the poison
through the urine. The great difficulty is in
sustaining life by artificial respiration until
elimination begins.
CYANIDES.—See Acid Hydrocyanic.
O1L BrirteR ALMoND.—See Acid Hydrocyanic.
155
CYTISINE (or Laburnum Seeds) .—Induce vom-
iting and wasu out the stomach with strong tea
or coffee; follow wicu enema or quick purgative;
stimulant; rouse the patient by hot and cold
douche.
DATURINE.—See Belladonna.
DieiTaLis (or Digitalin) ; Scillain [Scillitin],
(Strophanthus, Strophanthin, Convallaria, Sco-
parius).—Evacuate the stomach (mustard, zine
sulphate, apomorphine, pump). Follow with
strong tea or coffee or tannic or gallic acid in
water. Hypodermic solution of aconitine ni-
trate may be given, or tincture of aconite by
mouth; if this has given good results repeat in
thirty minutes, keep the patient quiet and do
not allow an erect position, as that may cause
fainting to death. Give stimulants frequently
by the mouth, or if vomiting occurs, by the rec-
tum. When the drug has been in continuous
use, opium is the best antidote. Saponin and
Senegin are the best physiologic antagonists.
Doc Bites (and Cat Bites).—Suck out the
wound well with the mouth, wash with a weak
alkaline solution (ammonia, caustic potash,
etc.), tnen cauterize with lunar caustic.
DueorisiA (and Duboisine).—See Belladonna.
DuLcAMARA (and Solanin.)—See Belladonna.
ELATERIUM.—See Colchicum.
Ercot.—Evacuate the stomach (mustard,
zinc sulphate, apomorphine, pump). Give pur-
gative (Croton Oil) and assist the action by
plenty of warm drinks. Tannic or gallic acid
may be useful; after vomiting and purging, ad-
minister small doses of opium at intervals.
156
Nitroglycerin every 15 minutes has been effect-
ive. Allow a_ recumbent’ position. Apply
warmth and friction to maintain the circula-
tion; stimulants; amyl nitrite.
ESERINE.—See Physostigma.
ETHER.—See Chloroform.
._Fisu Poison.—Administer emetics and cathar-
tics; potassium chlorate; solution ammonium
acetate; opium; capsicum or chloroform.
FOWLER'S SOLUTION.—See Arsenic.
Funci.—See Mushrooms.
GELSEMIUM (and Gelsemine).—Empty the
stomach (mustard or pump); give atropine hy-
podermically or tincture of belladonna by
mouth; apply external heat by rubbing; stimu-
lants (digitalis, ammonia, coffee, alcohol, arti-
ficial respiration, electricity); rouse the patient
by hot and cold douches.
GLONOIN.—Like Amy] Nitrite.
GoLp Sauts.—Like Mercury compounds.
Hyoscine.—Similar to Belladonna, but chlo-
ral is used here with great advantage.
HyoscyamMus (and Hyoscyamine).—See Bella-
donna.
IGNATIA.—See Strychnine.
IopDINE.—Empty the stomach (mustard, zine
sulphate, apomorphine, pump); follow with
starch diffused in hot water or as a paste, or
flour in warm water; farinaceous. substances
(arrow-root, boiled rice, thin gruel); demulcent
drinks; may inhale amyl nitrite and relieve the
pain by opium and morphine.
LABURNUM SrEDS.—See Cytisine.
LACTUCARIUM.—See Opium.
157
LAUDANUM.—See Opium.
LEAD ComMpouNnDsS (Lead Chromate and Ace-
tate; Barium Compounds) .—If acute, empty the
stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomorphine,
pump); follow with sulphate of magnesium or
sodium, or dilute sulphuric acid; milk, demul-
cent drinks. For the pain give opium or mor-
phine; for lead colic, apply hot fomentations. If
it be chronic lead poisoning, recognized by a
blue line (sulphide) along the margin of the
gums, paralyzed extensors, constipation, etc.,
give iodides to saturation (sodium and calcium
- iodides being best); sulphurated potassa baths.
LoBeLIA.—If the patient has failed to vomit,
use emetics; follow with tannin, stimulants,
strycnnine, opiates.
LuNAR CaustTic.—See Silver Compounds.
Matcues.—See Phosphorus.
Mercury Compounps (also Copper Com-
pounds).—Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc
sulphate, apomorphine, ipecac, pump); follow
with albumin (white of one egg to every 4
grains of corrosive sublimate. Too much must
not be given lest the precipitate formed by the
mercuric salt and albumin be _ redissolved.
Now give an emetic—warm water with sodium
bicarbonate, zinc sulphate, or mustard, and
wash out the stomach with demulcent drinks
(flaxseed or elm). If egg white is not conven-
ient, one may use for mercury salts, gluten,
wheat flour in paste form, milk, or chop and -
diffuse in water fresh meat and administer the
broth. Morphine for pain. For copper com-
pounds also use stimulants; relieve the pain
158
with opium or give reduced iron or weak solu-
tion of potassium ferrocyanide; then potassium
iodide until the system is saturated to promote
elimination.
MorRPHINE SALTS.—See Opium.
MUSCARINE.—See Mushrooms.
MUSHROOMS (and Poisonous Fungi; also Mus-
carine).—Empty the stomach (mustard, zinc,
sulphate, apomorphine, pump); inject at once
solution of atropine, or after emesis give tinc-
ture of belladonna every half hour; castor oil
and enema to remove fungi from lower bowel;
stimulants; the body should also be kept warm.
NICOTINE.—See Tobacco.
NITRATES.—See Chlorates.
NITROBENZENE.— (Oil Mirbane).—Empty the
stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, pump), wash-
ing it out with plenty of warm water if possible.
Give stimulants by the mouth, the rectum or
hypodermically; artificial respiration which
must be maintained by weak, interrupted cur-
rents to the chest wall. Rouse the patient by
the douche; hypodermic atropine may be use-
ful.
NITROGLYCERIN—Like Amy] Nitrite.
NiTrRous OxIDE Gas.—See Chloroform.
Nux Vomica.—See Strychnine.
O1L BiTreR ALMOND.—See Acid Hydrocyanic.
Om MIBRANE.—See Nitrobenzene.
Opium (also Laudanum, Morphine, Codeine
Lactucarium, Cannabis Indica)—When the poi.
son has been taken by the mouth give at once
a solution of. potassium permanganate, then
empty the stomach, which may be difficult, by
159
pump, apomorphine, mustard or zinc sulphate.
Wash the stomach out well with hot coffee, leav-
ing there a pint or more; keep the body warm
with hot wraps, but use alternate hot and cold
douches to the head. Use hypodermic solution
of atropine every 15 minutes for three doses;
tannin and strychnine are also valuable. Apply
electricity to chest muscles and artificial res-
piration. Keep the patient awake by shaking,
flicking with a towel, applying cold water over
the face and chest, keep patient moving; give
inhalation of amyl nitrite. Evacuate the blad-
der often to prevent reabsorption.
PHENACETIN.—Like Acetanilid.
PHOSPHORUS (as well as Rat Poison and
Matches).—Empty the stomach (copper sul-
phate, until the patient has vomited sufficiently ;
zinc sulphate, mustard, pump—the copper form-
ing insoluble black phosphide). Follow this
with old (oxygenated, acid, French) oil of tur-
pentine in mucilage or floating on water; may
‘also inhale diluted turpentine vapor; give char-
coal or lime water to prevent action on tissues;
also magnesium sulphate as a cathartic. Po-
tassium permanganate, opium, and egg white
may be of service, but never use fats or fatty
oils, as these dissolve phosphorus, thus aiding
in its absorption. It is mostly eliminated by
the urine, hence the bladder should be fre-
quently evacuated.
PHYSOSTIGMA (and Physostigmine) .—EHvacu-
ate the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, ipecac,
apomorphine, pump); hypodermic of atropine
until pupils dilate. Should this fail, give
160
chloral, or hypodermic of strychnine. Diffusi-
ble stimulants, coffee, alcohal, etc., are used and
artificial respiration should be induced if neces-
sary; empty the bladder often.
PHYTOLACCA—It acts per se aS an emeto-ca-
thartic, hence after the vomiting give stimu- /
lants, alcohol, ether, opium, digitalis.
PICROTOXIN.—See Strychnine.
Pinocarpus (and Pilocarpine).—Evacuate the
stomach, follow with hypodermic of atropine, or
tincture of belladonna, until pupils are dilated;
may give tannin.
PorTassa.—See Alkalies.
POTASSIUM BICHROMATE and CHROMATE.—See
Chromic Acid.
PoTASSIUM CYANIDE.—See Acid Hydrocyanic.
PoTASSIUM NITRATE.—See Chlorates.
Prussic Acip.—See Acid Hydrocyanic.
PULSATILLA.—Give tannic acid and follow with
an emetic; alcohol, opium, or digitalis may also
be indicated.
Rat Paste.—See Phosphorus; also Arsenic.
Ruvus ToOXICODENDRON.—Rub in a_ saturated
solution of lead acetate in diluted alcohol, and
repeat for several days; 5% solution or 10%
oleate of cocaine is also effective; a solution of
2 drams of lead acetate and 4 drams of ammon-
ium chloride in 8 fl. oz. of water has also been
recommended. Internally, opium or coffee may
be used to relieve the nervous irritability.
SABADILLA.—See Veratrum Viride.
SavinE (oil and tops; also Tansy).—If not
vomited and the throat not inflamed, evacuate
the stomach with mustard, zine suiphate, ipeeac,
he De ee ee
ee re
i61
pump. If the bowels have not moved freely,
give either castor oil or epsom salt; allay pain
with morphine and demulcents.
ScILLAIN (Scillitin).—See Digitalis.
Scoparius.—See Digitalis.
SILVER COMPOUNDS.—Give common salt dis-
solved in warm water, to form insoluble silver
chloride; or use egg white or milk; (follow
with an emetic (mustard), and large draughts
of warm water; give demulcent drinks (arrow-
root, elm, flaxseed, gruel).
SNAKE Bitres.—Suck the wound and apply to
it an alkaline solution of potassium permanga-
nate (may inject this under the skin). In se-
vere cobra poisoning, with:death threatening,
bleed at one limb and transfuse blood by the
other; give artificial respiration and weak in-
terrupted galvanic shocks to the walls of the
chest; inhale and give ammonia by the mouth.
Sopa.—See alkalies.
SoOLANIN.—See Belladonna.
STAPHISAGRIA (Stavesacre).—Evacuate the
stomach (emetics, pump, draughts of warm
water; give tannin, charcoal, diffusible stimu-
lants. Keep the patient quiet and the extremi-
ties warm. Give chloral hydrate, or potassium
_ bromide; or better inhale chloroform for the
spasms. Use all haste as death is usually
caused by asphyxia.
Stines (Bees, Hornets, Wasps) .—Apply am-
monia water or some alkaline solution to the
part stung; extract the sting; use stimulants,
if necessary. One may apply an onion to the
part, but this is not as good as ammonia.
162
STRAMONIUM.—See Belladonna.
STROPHANTHUS (or. strophanthin).—See Digi-
talis.
STRYCHNINE SALTS (or Brucine, Ignatia, Nux
Vomica, Picrotoxin, Cocculus Indicus).—Re-
move the patient from all noise, quickly empty
the stomach (mustard, zinc sulphate, apomor-
phine hypodermically); give tannin, charcoal,
iodide of starch. Place the patient under
chloroform, ether, or chloral and potassium
bromide, thus keeping up gentle narcosis sey-
eral hours if necessary: inhale amyl nitrite. If
spasms threaten respiration, induce it arti-
ficially; empty the bladder often.
SULFONAL AND TRIONAL.—Give diuretics and
saline cathartics; sodium bicarbonate and wa-
ter freely.
SULPHURETTED HybrocEN.—Resort to artificial
respiration and inhalation of chlorine diluted
with air; or give chlorine water or chlorinated
lime.
TANSY.—See Savine.
TARTAR EmetTic.mSee Antimony Compounds.
Tin Compounbs.—Hvacuate the stomach (mus-
tard, zinc sulphate, ipecac, etc.). Give milk of
calcined magnesia; demulcent drinks (elm,
flaxseed, etc.); laudanum if there is much pain. _
Tospacco (or Nicotine).—Concentrated ene-
mas and large quantities of powder kill in a
very few hours. If the patient has not already
vomited the drug, empty the stomach by mus-
tard, zinc sulphate or pump; give plenty of
water; let the patient lie down; inject a solu-
tion of strychnine nitrate or give tincture of
163
nux vomica by the mouth; stimulants, brandy,
whiskey, chloric ether, etc.; keep the body
warm but apply cold douche to the head; tannin
and astringent solutions may be given.
TURPENTINE.—Empty the stomach (mustard,
zinc sulphate, ipecac, apomorphine, pump, tube).
If there is no purging give enema, plenty of
water and demulcent drinks to eliminate it by
the kidneys. Apply hot fomentations to the
loins. Allay the pain with opium.
TYROTOXICON (in milk, cheese, ice cream, etc.).
—Give emetics and rinse out stomach; follow
with purgative enema.
VERATRUM VIRIDE (also Veratrine, Sabadilla,
Veratrum Album ).—Evacuate the stomach (un-
less the veratroidine constituent has ejected
itself by causing vomiting), by mustard, zinc
sulphate, ipecac or pump. Give recumbent po-
sition, head lowest; dry warmth to the body,
wraps, blankets, etc.; give hot coffee by the
mouth or rectum; tannin, diffusible stimulants,
alcohol, brandy, whiskey, ammonia, morphine,
electricity, artificial respiration; atropine an-
tagonizes the cardiac depression.
WHITE PRECIPITATE.—See Mercury Com-
pounds.
ZInc ComMpounps.—Should the patient not
vomit, use plenty of warm water containing car-
bonate or bicarbonate of sodium, or mustard;
follow this with white of egg and milk; solution
of tannin or strong tea to form insoluble tan-
nate; allay the abdominal pain by hot fomenta-
tions, morphine or tincture of opium.
CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES
ACCORDING TO
THEIR PHYSIOLOGIC ACTIONS.
ALTERATIVES.
Acid, Arsenous.
Acid, Hydriodic.
Ammonium Benzoate.
Antimony Salts.
Arsenic and Mercury
Iodide Solution.
Arsenites andArsenates.
Calcium Chloride.
Colchicum.
Copper Salts.
Creosote and its
compounds.
Gold Salts.
Guaiacol and its
compounds.
Ichthyol.
Iodides.
Iodipin.
Todoform.
Manganese Dioxide.
Mercurials.
Potassium Bichromate.
Potassium Chlorate.
Pulsatilla.
Sanguinaria.
Silver Salts.
Stillingia.
Sulphur. :
Suprarenal Capsule.
Xanthoxylum.
Zinc Salts.
See
General.
ANALGESICS.
Anodynes,
ANAPHRODISIACS.
Belladonna.
Bromides.
Bromipin.
Camphor.
Cocaine.
Conium.
Digitalis.
Gelsemium.
Hyoscyamus.
Opium.
Stramonium.
ANESTHETICS, GENERAL.
Chloroform.
Ether.
Ethyl Bromide.
(Nitrous Oxide).
—
165
ANESTHETICS LOCAL.
Chloretone.
Cocaine Hydrochloride.
Ether Spray.
Ethyl Chloride.
Eucaine.
Holocaine.
Menthol.
Tropacocaine.
ANODYNES, GENERAL.
Acetanilid.
Acid, Salicylic.
Aconitine.
Antipyrine.
Aspirin.
Atropine.
Bromides.
Butyl-chloral Hydrate.
Caffeine. :
Camphor Monobrom.
Chloroform.
Codeine.
Gelseminine.
Methylene Blue.
Morphine Salts.
Oil Gaultheria.
Phenacetin.
ANODYNES, LOCAL.
Acid, Carbolic.
Aconite, Tincture.
Aconitine.
Ammonia water.
Atropine.
Belladonna.
Chloroform.
Chloral Hydrate.
Guaiacol.
Ichthyol.
ANTACIDS
oR ALKALINES.
Calcium Carbonate.
Lime Water.
Lithium Carbonate.
Magnesia.
Magnesium Carbonate.
Potassium Bicarbonate.
Potassium Carbonate.
Potassium Hydrate.
Sodium Bicarbonate.
Sodium Carbonate.
Sodium Hydrate.
ANTHELMINTICS.
Aloes. (Enema.)
Aspidium.
Chenopodium.
Koussein.
Naphtalin.
Oil Turpentine.
Extract Male Fern.
Pelletierine Tannate.
Pumpkin Seed.
Quassia Infusion.
166
Santonin with Calomel.Atropine.
Sodium Chloride.
Sodium Santoninate.
Spigelia.
‘Thymol.
ANTI-EMETICS.
Acid, Hydrocyanic.
Lead Acetate.
Picrotoxin.
Quinine.
Salicin.
ANTILITHICS.
Acid, Benzoic.
Bismuth Subcarbonate. Alkalies.
Bismuth Subnitrate.
Bromides.
Cerium Oxalate.
Chloroform.
Codeine.
Ether.
Menthol.
Morphine.
Orexine Tannate.
ANTIGALACTAGOGUES.
Agaricin.
Belladonna.
Camphor; topically.
Conium.
Hrgot.
Iodides.
Saline Purgatives.
ANTIHYDROTICS.
Acid, Camphoric.
Acid, Gallic.
Acid, Tannic.
Agaricin.
Benzoates.
Lithium Salts.
Magnesium Citrate.
Magnesium Oxide.
Piperazine.
Potassium Bicarbonate.
Potassium Carbonate.
Potassium Citrate.
Sodium Bicarbonate.
Sodium Phosphate.
Sodium Salicylate.
ANTIPARASITICS.
See Parasiticides.
ANTIPERIODICS.
Acid, Arsenous.
Acid? Pieric.
Arsenites.
Berberine Carbonate.
Cinchona and
alkaloids.
Methylene Blue.
Quinine.
Salicin.
ANTIPHLOGISTICS. See
also Antipyretics.
Aconite, Tincture.
Antimony-Potassium
Tartrate.
Gelsemium.
Ichthyol; internally.
Lead Salts.
Opium.
ANTIPYRETICS.
Acetanilid.
Acid, Benzoic.
Acid, Carbolic.
Acid, Salicylic.
Aconite, Tincture.
Ammonium Acetate:
Solution.
Ammonium Benzoate.
Aspirin.
Phenacetin.
Quinine and Salts.
Resorcin.
Veratrum Viride,
Tincture.
ANTISEPTICS.
Disinfectants.
Acetanilid.
Acid, Benzoic; and
Benzoates.
167
Aristol.
Bismuth, Benzoate.
Bismuth, Oxyiodide.
Bismuth, Subgallate.
Borolyptol.
Chlorine Water.
Creolin.
Creosote and its com-
pounds.
Eucalyptol.
Formaldehyde.
Glycozone.
Hydrogen Peroxide.
Hydrozone.
Ichthyol.
Iodoform.
Todole.
Listerine.
Magnesium Salicylate.
Magnesium Sulphite.
Mercury Bichloride.
Mercury Chloride.
Mercury Cyanide.
Mercury Oxycyanide.
Naphtalin.
Naphtol.
See also Oil Cade.
Oil Eucalyptus.
Oil Gaultheria.
Oil Pinus Sylvestris.
Oil Turpentine.
Acid, Boric;andBorates.Potassium Chlorate.
Acid, Carbolic.
Acid, Picric.
Ey Permanganate.
Pyoktanin.
168
Quinine.
Resorcin.
Salol.
Silver Citrate.
Silver Nitrate.
Sodium Biborate.
Sodium Bisulphite.
Sodium Salicylate.
SodiumSulphocarbolate.
Sodium Thiosulphate.
Tannoform.
Terebene.
Thymol.
Xeroform.
Zinc Carbolate.
Zinc Permanganate.
Zine Sulphocarbolate.
ANTISIALAGOGUES.
Atropine.
Belladonna.
Cocaine Hydrochloride.
Myrrh.
Opium.
Potassium Chlorate.
Sodium Borate.
ANTISPASMODICS.
Acid, Camphoric.
Ammonium Valerianate.
Amyl Nitrite.
Atropine.
Bromides.
Bromoform.
Camphor.
Camphor Monobrom.
Chloral Hydrate.
Chloroform.
Coniine Hydrobromide.
Eserine.
Ether.
Ethyl Bromide.
Ethyl Iodide.
Hyoscine Hydrobro-
mide.
Hyoscyamus.
Lactucarium.
Lobelia.
Lupulin.
Morphine.
Musk.
Nitrites.
Nitroglycerine.
Opium.
Paraldehyde.
Pulsatilla: tincture.
Stramonium.
Zine Valerianate.
ANTITUBERCULARS.
Acid, Cinnamic.
Acid, Sulphurous.
Arsenical Compounds..,
Cantharidin.
Cod-Liver Oil.
Creosote and its
compounds.
Guaiacol and Salts.
169
Glycerinophosphates.
Ichthyol.
lodoform, topically.
Menthol.
Methylene Blue.
Sodium Cacodylate.
Sodium Cinnamate.
Sodium Formate: Sub-
cutaneously.
ANTIZYMOTICS, See An-
tiseptics and Disin-
fectants.
APERIENTS. See Cath-
artics.
APHRODISIACS.
Cantharides.
Damiana.
‘Glycerinophosphates.
Gold.
Nux Vomica.
Phosphorus.
Strychnine.
ASTRINGENTS.
Acid,
Acid,
Acid,
Acid,
Alum.
Aluminum Acetate:
Solution.
Aluminum Chloride.
Chromic.
Gallic.
Lactic.
Tannic.
Aluminum Sulphate.
Bismuth Salts.
Copper Acetate.
Copper Sulphate.
Hydrastine Hydro-
chloride.
Hydrastis.
Ichthyol.
Iron Sulphate, and
other iron salts.
Lead Acetate, and other
lead salts.
Potassium Bichromate.
Silver Citrate.
Silver Nitrate.
Zine Acetate.
Zine Sulphate.
ASTRINGENTS, INTES-
TINAL.
Acid Lactic.
Acid Tannic.
Bismuth Salts.
Catechu.
Geranium.
Kino.
Krameria.
Lead Acetate.
Silver Nitrate.
Tannalbin.
CARDIAC SEDATIVES.
Acid, Hydrocyanic.
Aconite.
170
Antimony preparations.Nutmeg.
Chloroform.
Digitalis.
Gelsemium.
Pilocarpine.
Veratrine.
Veratrum Viride.
CARDIAC STIMULANTS.
Ammonia.
Ammonium Carbonate.
Atropine.
Caffeine.
Digitalis.
Ether.
Nitroglycerin.
(Oxygen.)
Sparteine Sulphate.
Strophanthus.
Strychnine. (Tonic)
CARMINATIVES.
Anise.
Calumba.
Capsicum.
Cardamom.
Caraway.
Cascarilla.
Chamomile.
Cinchona.
Cinnamon.
Cloves.
Gentian.
Ginger.
Nux Vomica.
Oil Cajuput.
Oil Mustard.
Orange Peel.
Orexine Tannate.
Pepper.
Pimenta.
Quassia.
Sassafras.
Serpentaria.
CATHARTICS.
Laxatives:
Cascara Sagrada.
Figs.
Glycerin.
Magnesium Carbonate.
Magnesium Oxide.
Manna.
Oil Almond, Expressed.
Olive Oil.
Rahmnus Cathart.
Rhamnus Frang.
Sulphur.
Saline Purgatives:
Magnesium Citrate.
Magnesium Sulphate.
Potassium Bitartrate.
Potassium Taritrate.
Potassium and Sodium.
Tartrate.
Sodium Phosphate.
Sodium Sulphate.
Sodium Tartrate.
Simple Purgatives:
Aloes.
Calomel.
Castor Oil.
Rhubarb.
Senna.
Drastic Cathartics:
Colocynth.
Elaterium.
EKuonynim.
Gamboge.
Jalap.
Oil, Croton.
Podophyllin.
Scammony.
Hydragogues:
Drastic Cathartiecs in
large doses.
Saline Purgatives.
Cholagogues:
Aloin.
Euonynim.
Leptandrin.
Mercurials.
Ox-Gall.
Podophyllum.
CAUSTICS. See
Escharotics.
71
CEREBRAL DEPRES-
SANTS. See also
Narcotics.
Anesthetics, general.
Antispasmodics: several.
Hypnotics.
Narcotics.
CEREBRAL STIMULANTS.
Alcohol.
Amyl Nitrite.
Atropine.
Belladonna.
Caffeine.
Cannabis.
Coca.
Cocaine.
Coffee.
Ether.
Nitroglycerin.
Strychnine.
CHOLAGOGUES. See
Cathartics: also Hepatic
Stimulants.
CONSTRUCTIVES. See
Tonics.
COUNTER-IRRITANTS.
See Irritants.
DEMULCENTS.
Acacia.
Albumin.
Althea.
172
Cetraria. Opium.
Chondrus. ; Pilocarpine Hydro-
Elm. chloride.
Flaxseed. Potassium Citrate.
Gelatin. Potassium Nitrite.
Glycerin. Sodium Nitrite.
Oil Almond Expressed. Spirit Nitrous Ether.
Oil Olive. Veratrum Viride.
Starch.
DIGESTIVES.
DEOXIDIZERS. (Reduc- Acid, Hydrochloric.
ing Agents.) Acid, Lactic.
Acid, Pyrogallic. Ingluvin. :
Ichthyol. Lactopeptine.
Resorcin. ua
Orexin .Tannate.
DEPILATORIES. Pancreatin.
Barium Sulphide. aoe
Pepsin.
Calcium Oxide.
(Calcium Sulphydrate).DISINFECTANTS. See
Cautery. also Deodorants.
Sodium Ethylate. Acid, Boric.
Sodium Sulphide. Acid, Carbolic.
Acid, Sulphurous.
Aluminum Chloride.
DIAPHORETICS AND
SUDORINICS. Ammonium Persul-
Acid, Salicylic and phate.
Salicylates. Borates.
Aconite. . Calcium Permanganate.
Ammonium Acetate. Chlorine Water.
Camphor. Creolin.
Dover’s Powder. Eucalyptol.
Ether. Formaldehyde.
Guaiac. Glycozone.
a oe ee i
173
Hydrogen Peroxide.
Hydrozone. '
Iron Sulphate.
Lime, Chlorinated.
Mercury, Bichloride.
Naphtol.
Oil Eucalyptus.
Potassium Permanga-
nate.
Solution Chlorinated
Soda.
Thymol.
Zinch Chloride.
DIURETICS.
Adonis Vernalis.
Ammonium Acetate.
Apocynum.
Atropine.
Belladonna.
Cactus Grandiflorus.
Caffeine.
Convallamarin.
Copaiba.
Cubebs.
Digitalis preparations.
Diuretin.
Juniper.
Kava Kava.
Lithium Salts.
Matico.
Nitrites.
Oil Juniper
Oil Santal.
Pilocarpine Hydrochlor.
Piperazine.
Potassium Acetate.
Potassium Bitartrate.
Potassium Citrate.
Potassium Nitrate.
Sodium Acetate.
Sodium Nitrate. .
Sparteine Sulphate.
Spirit Nitrous Ether.
Squill.
Strophanthus.
Theobromine.
EcsBo.tics. See
Oxytocics.
E)METICS.
Antimony and Potassi-
um Tartrate.
Apomorphine Hydro-
chloride.
Copper Sulphate.
Emetine.
Ipecac.
Mercury Subsulphate.
Mustard with tepid wa-
ter.
Zinc Sulphate.
EMMENAGOGUES.
Aloes.
Cantharides.
Ergot.
Guaias.
Iron Chloride and other
salts of iron.
74
Manganese Dioxide.
Myrrh.
Pennyroyal.
_ Ammoniac.
Ammonium Carbonate.
Ammonium Chloride.
Potassium Permangan. Ammonium Salicylate.
Rue.
Savine.
Tansy.
ERRHINES, (Sternuta
tories).
Cubebs.
Sanguinarine.
Veratrine.
White Hellebore.
EXSCHAROTICS.
Caustics.
Acid, Acetic Glacial.
Acid, Arsenous.
Acid, Carbolic.
Acid, Carbolic, Iodized.
Acid, Chromic.
Acid, Lactic.
Acid, Nitric.
Alum Burnt.
Copper Sulphate.
Iodine.
Potassa.
Silver Nitrate.
Soda.
Sodium Ethylate.
Zine Chloride.
EXXPECTORANTS.
Acid, Benzoic.
Antimony and Potassi-
um Tartrate.
Antimony Salts in
general.
Apomorphine Hydro-
chloride.
Balsam Tolu.
Benzoates.
Emetine in small doses.
Glycyrrhizin, Ammoni-
ated.
Ipecac.
Lobelia.
Oil Turpentine.
Pilocarpine Hydrochlor.
Potassium Iodide.
Sanguinarine.
Saponin.
Senegin.
Squill.
Par.
Terebene.
GALACTAGOGUES.
Acid, Lactic.
Alcohol.
Ammonium Chloride.
Castor Oil: topically.
Extract Malt.
Jaborandi.
175
Pilocarpine Hydrochlor. Opium.
Quinine.
GASTRIC TONICS.
, Lessening Urea:
(Stomachics. )
Alkalies: before meals. Cat
f Morphine.
Aromatics. Opi
Berberine Carbonate. eoane
Quinine.
Bismuth Salts.
See Lessening Glycogen:
Carminatives.
Hydrastis. Arsenic.
Ichthalbin. Antimony.
Nux Vomica. Codeine.
Orexine Tannate. Dionin.
Quassin. Morphine.
Opium.
HEMATINICS. Phosphorus.
Arsenical Compounds.
Ext. Bone Marrow. HEPATIC STIMULANTS.
poe eatlol, Acid, Benzoic.
Se ete Acid, Nitric.
psy omboun de: Acid, Nitrohydrochlor.
Manganese Compounds. jAloes
Sodium Cacodylate. Ammonium Chloride.
Hemostatics. See Aly! Nitrite.
Styptics and Hemo- Antimony.
statics. Arsenic.
Benzoates.
HEPATIC DEPRESSANTS. Gatlomel:
Lessening Bile. Colocynth.
Lead Acetate. Euonynim.
Purgatives: Many of Podophyllin.
them. Resin Jalap.
Morphine. : Sanguinarine.
176
Sodium Bicarbonate.
Sodium Phosphate.
Sodium Salicylate.
Sodium Sulphate.
Hypwnortics (Soporifics).
Acetanilid.
Apomorphine Hydro-
chloride.
Bromides.
Cannabin Tannate.
Chloral Hydrate.
Chloralose.
Chloretone.
Codeine.
Dionin.
Duboisine Sulphate.
Hyoscine Hydrobrom.
Hyoscyamine.
- Morphine. -
Paraldehyde.
Sulfonal.
Trional.
Urethane.
INTESTINAL ASTRING-.
ENTS.
See Astringents.
IRRITANTS.
Rubefacients:
Ammonia.
Arnica.
Capsicum.
Iodine.
Menthol. :
Mustard.
Oil Turpentine.
Oleoresin Capsicum.
Pustulants:
Antimony and Potas-
sium Tartrate.
Oil Croton.
Silver Nitrate.
Vesicants:
Acid, Acetic, Glacial
Cantharides.
Chrysarobin.
Oil Mustard.
LAXATIVES.
Cathartics:
See
Motor DEPRESSANTS.
' Acid Hydrocyanic.
Aconite.
Amyl Nitrite.
Apomorphine Hydro-
chloride.
Bromides.
Bromipin.
Bromoform.
Chloral Hydrate.
Chloroform (large
doses).
Coniine Hydrobromide. -
Gelsemium.
Gold Bromide.
Lobelia.
Muscarine.
—_—---~-”
a i
Nitrites.
Nitroglycerin.
Physostigmine (EHser-
ine).
Quinine (large doses).
Sparteine Sulphate.
Veratrum Viride.
Motor EXciITANTs.
Alcohol.
Atropine.
Belladonna.
Brucine.
Camphor.
Chloroform.
Nux Vomica.
Picrotoxin.
Pilocarpine Hydrochlor.
Pyridine.
Strychnine.
MYDRIATICS.
Atropine.
Homatropine Hydro-
bromide.
Hyoscine Hydrobrom.
Scopolamine Hydro-
bromide.
Myortics.
Arecoline Hydrobrom.
Physostigmine.
(Eserine.) |
Narcotics. See also
Hypnotics.
Chloroform.
Chloral Hydrate.
Conium.
Hyoscine.
Hyoscyamine.
Morphine.
Opium.
Stramonium.
Oxytocics (Hcbolics).
Cotton Root Bark.
Ergot.
Hydrastine.
Hydrastinine
chloride.
Pennyroyal.
Quinine.
Rue.
Savine.
Hydro-
PARASITICIDES.
See Antiseptics and
Disinfectants.
PuRGATIVES. See Ca-
thartics.
REFRIGEEANTS.
Acid, Citric.
Acid, Phosphoric, Dil.
Acid, Tartaric.
Ammonium Acetate.
Pilocarpine Hydrochlor. Magnesium Citrate,
Magnesium Sulphate.
Potassium Bitartrate.
Potassium Citrate.
Potassium Nitrate.
Potassium Tartrate.
Sodium Nitrate.
Sodium Tartrate.
RESOLVENTS (Dis-
cutients).
Arsenic.
Ichthyol.
lodides.
Iodine.
~ Todipin.
Todole.
Mercurials.
Thiosinamine.
RESPIRATORY DEPRES-
SANTS.
Acid, Hydrocyanic.
Aconite.
Chloral.
Chloroform.
Conium.
Gelsemium.
Muscarine.
Opium.
Physostigma.
Veratrum Viride.
RESPIRATORY STIMU-
LANTS.
Aspiodiosperma.
(Quebracho).
RESTORATIVES. .
178
Aspidiospermine.
Atropine.
Caffeine.
Cocaine.
Strychnine.
See
Hematinics, Tonics.
RUBEFACIENTS. See
Trritants.
SEDATIVES (NERVE).
See also Depressants.
Acetanilid.
Acid, Hydrobromic.
Amyl Nitrite.
Antipyrin.
Bromides.
- Bromipin.
Bromoform.
Butyl-Chloral Hydrate.
Camphor.
Camphor, Monobrom.
Cardamom.
Chloral Hydrate.
Chloroform.
Cocaine.
Codeine.
Conium.
Ethyl Bromide.
Hyoscine Hydrobrom.
Hyoscyamine.
Hyoscyamus.
Lactucarium.
Se
el .
179
Lavender. Picrotoxin.
Lobelia. Strychnine.
Morphine. STERNUTATORIES. See
Paraldehyde. ire higes
Scopolamine Hydro- :
bromide. STOMACHICS.
Stramonium; tincture. See Gastric Tonics.
Sulfonal.
STYPTICS AND HEMO-
Urethane. erie
Valerian and Valerian-
ates. Acid, Gallic.
Acid, Tannic.
SIALAGOGUES. Adrenalin.
(Ptyalagogues). Alum.
eed Atcalies ne
Antimony Compounds. Copper Sulphate.
@apsicum. Extract Suprarenal
Paneer. Capsule.
Iodine Compounds. Hamamelis.
Miereuriale: siydrastinine Hydro-
Muscarine. ehlovide:
Mustard: Iron Chloride, Ferric. -
Iron Subsulphate.
Pilocarpine Hydrchlor.
Iron Sulphate.
Pyrethrum.
Lead Acetate.
Soporirics. See Manganese Sulphate.
Hypnotics. Oil Turpentine.
SPINAL STIMULANTS. Scaled Eg
See also Motor Eacit- ©\YPUC™-
Terpinol.
ants.
Alcohol. Rea eee See
Atropine. taphore 4CS.
Camphor: small doses. TENIAFUGES. See
Nux Vomica. Anthelmintics.
180
ToNICS, GENERAL. Ichthyol.
See also Hematinics. Iron Compounds.
Manganese Compounds.
y cherie PORICS © Phosphorus.
Bitters.
Berberine Carbonate. VASO-CONSTRICTORS.
Cinchona Alkaloids and :
Adrenalin.
Salts. Heeot
Cod-Liver Oil. ite
Extract Suprarenal
Eucalyptus.
ety ere Capsule.
y es = Hydrastinine Hydro-
eee chloride.
ae Stypticin.
Mineral Tonics:
VaASo-DILATORS.
Acids, Mineral.
Acid, Arsenous and itsAmy! Nitrite,
salts. ae 1 :
Acid, Hypophosphorous.N!ostycerin. :
Acid. Lactic. . Potassium Nitrite.
Sodium Nitrite.
Bismuth Salts. Shere *
Calcium Glycerinophos. Spirit Nitrous ther.
Copper Salts; small ypriIcrvEs. See
doses. Anthelmintics.
Gold Salts.
Glycerinophosphates. VESICANTS. See Irri-
Hypophosphites. tants.
PHYSIOLOGICAL POINTS FOR PRACTI-
TIONERS.
FREQUENCY OF HEART Brat. Per Minute
Horse 30—45
Ox 40—50
Ass 45—52
Pig, Sheep, Goat 70—80
Dog 70—120
Cat 120—140
Man 60—S80
Horse, after trotting 60—80
Horse, after galloping 80—100
Calf, 2 weeks, about 70
Calf, 6 weeks, about 65
Calf, 6 mos.-12 mos., about 55—65
Elephant 25—28
Camel 30
Lion 40—50
Rabbit 140—160
Birds 120—140
Frog 60
Fish 20—25
(Ellenberger and Scheunert.)
RESPIRATORY FREQUENCE. Per Minute
Horse 8—16
Cattle 10—30
Sheep and Goat 12—20
Swine 8—18
Dog 15—20
Cat 24
Man 15—20
Tiger 6
Lion 10
Monkey 19
Rabbit 55
Guinea pig and rat 100—150
Hen 40—50
Pigeon 50—70
Bopy TEMPERATURE.
(Average Rectal Temperature).
Horse 100.°2
Ass S875
Cow 101.°5
Sheep 104.° —105.°
Goat LOSF?
Pig 101.°7—103.°3
Dog 101.° —102.°
Cat 10d Y
Rabbit LOTT S025
Guinea-pig 101.°7—102.°6
Fowl 106.°9—109.°
Duck 107.°8—110.°5
DURATION OF PREGNANCY.
Mare 330—340 days
Ass 348—377 days
Cow 270—285 days
Sheep and Goat 145—155 days
Sow 115—120 days
Bitch 58— 65 days
Cat 54— 62 days
183
RED CORPUSCLES PER CUBIC MILLIMETER OF BLOOD.
Horse
Colt
Cow
Calves
Sheep
Lambs
Goat
Swine
Dog
Cat
Rabbit
Guinea Pig
Fowl
7,431,200
9,390,000
6,022,700
8,523,000
10,439,000
11,032,000
14,507,000
7,407,640
6,240,625
7,828,000
5,668,320
4,983,250
3,064,500
(average from 10 investigators)
(Storch)
(average from 7 investigators)
(Storch)
(average from 5 investigators)
(Storch)
(average from 6 investigators)
(average from 5 investizators)
(average from 16 investigators)
(average from 4 investigators)
(average from 10 investigators)
(average from 6 investigators)
(average from 9 investigators)
LEUCOCYTES PER CUBIC MILLIMETER OF BLOOD.
Horse
Colts
Cow
Calves
Sheep
Lambs
Goat
Swine
Dog
Ca.
Rabbit
Guinea Pig
Fowl
9,473 ©
14,034
8,133
15,739
7,140
10,198
9,750
13,420
11,370
12,410
9,161
9,145
26,723
(average from 11 investigators)
(Storch)
(average from 5 investigators)
(Storch)
(average from 4 investigators)
(Storch )
(average from 3 investigators)
(average from 2 investigators)
(average from 15 investigators)
(average from 5 investigators)
(average from 12 investigators)
(average from 5 investigators)
(average from 7 investigators)
Horse
Cow
Sheep
Goat
Swine
Dog
Cat
Rabbit
Guinea Pig
Fowl 12.6244 lo
Water
%
Woman 87.58
Cow 87.27
Mare 90.26
Ass 90.12
Sheep 83.57
Goat - 86.88
Swine 82.37
Bitch 77.00
Cat 81.63
Rabbit 69.50
SIZE OF
5. 60/4
5.85
4.90/¢
3.96
6.19/¢
7.20L
6 O3/t
6.801
7.52
184
ReD CoORPUSCLES.
(average from 5 investigators)
(average from 4 luvestigators) —
(average from 4 investigators) _
(agerage from 5 investigators) ~
(average from 3 investigators) —
(average-from 6 investigators)
(average from 5 investigators)
(average from 5 investigators) ©
(average from 4 investigators)
7-254 wide(average from 7 investigators)
COMPOSITION OF MILK.
(Ellenberger
Solids Proteid Fat Sugar Salts Sp. Gr.
oatihae DG. te eat eeminedeae
142 2.008 Bk Gal De 0s) 1 023m
D243 .o.09 ., Ol00. e404) 0a wy Gees
9:74 1.86 . 1.06~- 6:50, 0.82. 1.0348
G38 >sc1.80.- L310 U6) 04s Lose
wTh43 Coto G15->4T 0.038 ison
13.12 3.76 4.07 4.44 0.85 1.0329
16:73. 6.09". 96.44 - 4204 £06
25-00; ~ Digene a Ope Om eaeeha od
13:31 >) 3.08.92 Se SO 2s
30.50" 15:54 ~ 10:45) 195 22-56
and Scheunert.)
185
OOOL
O000T
000T
000T
OOOT
000T
a0B1LL 10 JUNSqV yon]
000L tod sjaed Q-F
dod sj1ed (QF'0-SZ'0 eoRLL
dod syied =2Z-FT 0O0OL tod sjivd = OFf-0Z
Jod sj1ed "E-G'T -000L tod szred e-Z
dod sqied G'Z-G'T OBL
dod syed 6-9 OOOL tod syied = FI-8
dod sjivd (G-f§ QOOL tod saved QzT-0g
| poy oulleLV
GcOT-SLOT OSOT-ScOL
"09 0OST-O00T "99 000F-000€
UvIN es10OH
“ANTH() AO NOLLISOdWOS)
uBoIpU]
prove orainddty
prow ofd{)
Bol
so7eydins
soyeydsoyd
Seplto[yD
SPI[OS
uolPvOY
AJIABIS DYID0dS
sinog $2 Ul JUNOUIY
PAGES FOR
SELECTED PRESCRIPTIONS.
ist
ae
hia ea
rare oh * Ys. ‘
be Se
aha tee nates Wl ol
fet ia 1
iat ‘a r
1A F v!
oe ON ft Ae K
Len er dae Mee ote i armen
‘ uy Cree
j ‘ Y uae 2 5) yes ¢
‘4 Li the ‘ ;.
Le e-em po &
iat eae
ss se ddan
Keak :
PASS em
b a) ak, bs i
a ere ec oe eet ee
Pes Ae Mags + Okih | aiied
ohana) Oe pe, dont dees
NRG, PRC ee me Sh
ate era haus iat A Senet shay cis deca
if
7 ye fu
pits Ste p on " i: I
oat Sls ade est cia hie in tel peace Ce
be r *
‘
rt
dag; 4
a re ngen t*
hy.% Pu. i A a y
4
’ ee a
ee et Seen
vit ‘ae Sal! Ri?
: fn y cal ty -, . * a
: eee | entdentn doen teahats omen nicht — ~ why amano ae Ne v rt
ute tA H ’ Fuel! @ ¥ en
Yi Pee a.
we ee ee ee es
ze bye gyrA
(
‘ ' : Py & hes €
} , ; > Seal ‘3
hs Mbp, pilin he edhe deere dedior fle enlrdely tiie > dice a bese pee aie baa inkl? ei
te St ; t ° ; rie Wie * dette
ety “i. “A P : , ae en
aS hee F nd ‘ my VANS ianT
Be tet) eri «pe
Ey,
¥ «mbes \
a aes oc etl oie
: are | 4 h * i sok :
> Mae ee " or rt )
ah. PY
ah ernie hee Cog ieee die nat Ay ot
v rf > ee he ‘ :
Wau ere 4 Cf
4 Ot ea
+ wae . oh bee ieee Bee hn
ROC dy 7:
very ee ee ee
es OTE
\ ~ :
se deat ihced ras be gal dottlle iad
5 ery
‘i% f (cies Raa -
ee te ont Mew porericak ot aah Yeeey site ee 9
a rid ay att ton if
PP Cent ' Oe:
NSA oe it when oe
Redd Mer th ae
4
j ‘om
L¥
ta
bie ens
.
-
*
¥
t
.
}
= “7
~
e
.
~
é
ab dee}
per
%é-e
be 4) te Ce &
«
*
a eee
pe ** Mex ‘
r “
oe 2
Sa ese
4.5 ee -
Boe
rh tees =>
Rigpasgeeecces. :
ston: stig Eta: “tes gen tk ee ae bet ome i Pete
ee \ seiecras re eS SSE et ~
oo Cores Stee tas = i
: — = j ~ Ss: =e
ae oa os oe a $e wien SS vo ne ee ‘f Sena ge mI :: oe ee ats im Sete idee He
ee eae ai = a re eles EES gas oe Oe ae So tse petetee Bio
PI tele Ssh ote at SRG es wea ts tages tre a arte: goes note PFE pebinest Ap see. * Sz is ial Bete: 5.358 : >
. Spee << Bt tt ee peer eel in I ae Sas a 5 Sore cis abi ne ee
I
> ee rae cay — reese: = eats ees ee
eSBs Seeigs Bnts Sees = ad vs flidcrntothet mn eet Ba “tained a ere ee *
“ — fh octied eres pba .™ aaa te +e esas oy Hine mys pet mp atater tcks ja tees
— <4 eee eg a re en es eee ee as Sere a Se mee + Es ion 3 eae een t!
ee ee Wee Pee pe agi we re ce Sn mg 2 Mecca § nPteats es tae hes =
= ae Spades bane co ay pres eh Si Sate oe eee ot 4 a= ae tae a meeho te.
¢
bs ste scp a SA aie yeni oe ae J
Sees SS es . i sete SS ere OU Oxy ne pee eee eet one fee ener be a OE or SNe $= aes eres =F
Sateen “ol ee ee ees fo a a es ee ee = ao = +55 > ——
- ~ =e 2 ¢ >
ei ee is yes ~ asa = Ne Ape ers aaa : ee ie <a eer . Steen > > at T 4 = “=
= . - 3 - = = 4 ORS o> yr ” ei ; ras ——-
aie =e = Le = etter Sh . ; ¢ See SSS
ieee a Re Ft OO REAR hh ene eee ee Te erg tals Aa «ee ee kh ee Be Sane cient Seer
sea aa < pe tee > "ae Ok ane FS ee =}. Pte > pl eemealol a? 34: a “ caren
z ex = 2 : b : ~
. ; o o> Cre a ae i 2s if Se ioe Pe 7. 1s ae . = .;
- “4 » ne + seem 2 ine — =< * rs peal S37 - Boats tea
AAS = a teat ae ges aid a ak en fee poe shee firs Sew
‘ewe a = oa é Sars pate. = x oe: ee epee , = eet 7; x ee ees +e: aces ae
ail! ee oe a a, Sie? , ay. age | “ae _ ene Cee Fe FS ee es <= + # Ae ne a eee
beh eet 4
Ts ee
¥ hw Bra ra =p ela aig eee
——
roa SS Meee >
7 a ; :
Baste Mi eehe ee —- Spada ede cage ae <
neon ‘ ee aoe sek aro ae z
= ae : ml i
ae ti ae Ee * age ee eee se Bx a se cate ies eee = -
—— aS: * As
b pete! een ear pe es Ser eS: a | oe = STR ex et es ae ee eS
+ ca < tc? oe oat s- {eon
oy nee os 2 pectoepeehaes = ete
© - 7 : - oe ae :
een Fs Pere 2 . — ne ot ae ape Sa ek ena pep =
=
_ 7 Sth Seed Fees beds te eS ie ee Sy
=
=> * = ~~ z ‘
eet ee, eee i cae eg deo aioe 4+ ee RS ts at ae bat share eG. oe ee ey plier = Seas
we 4 ; i~ . = *s : ? = eee ‘ he 2 Ee -
a ¥ : rd: : Sor ee
x 2 ee rey rd - > ———
; eet ene te: rere ae ate" md Sonoita ceed =. ee ba a pS Ralls 2 ale I Thee 8 ees get oy
‘2 S| “ En : > a :
rz t E Spe eS ris “4 oe foe;
a ea = Sete rae eat ee % =e a Seah FS Se nt ke Se ig RI EES rrr eee
2 ; + = é = = - : S ae 4 5 rs
gl nanan eas nt og eee ew ees cs = a3 wre
= —S ee om aes
yee)
he iu abe be ak ae a
My
"NG?
rr
rr
he
--
oe : : a - ve tees aes ree "a - bee: =F nets ~ setts 4a pees re Bd: Seopa sare aes ie ae os r
os te = psieies ess — Steet Aetna rere tten weet mbes .
“ i eee cam di Fe was ay a iid ies bess Bye se a tet aheies wae ee ree 2 ss roe
a a
ic
oe eee _ Ap e Sida past <4: eet ee a
4 ae Dad be vt io balan +£ Oe ke Papen th eee aaa ich
te =a cite EL pepsi atest ok “ia ae er eee
== Eg eget EES pi he Ser Sr: Ape Pe: A he norte Sas ee to,
sae oe Seen i ed . a ee ee jase io ater tae pote es = a
is Seay ota taper = 4 ns Eemenrats oo
Fa ee SS Be eo ete atten te aii Seed cate od oe aba he mee pe a aS S5 ae
ae ome <1 Pest ne ee ee ab he bh oie Sie oe irs .® Rian goeh pages tet Oe Se —
Pe eaeeite a i: a aan ae +o e Ce eae of eo ae wer ete Paw tine Php — ones ieee hes es a4
oe enieeei ate Peete cpeec state ee ae Tae SES patos Zi
soe eee =a3>- aa et - Ses 4 Ree or eens sas ee Sees waats ery aoe. Sar as a + ae =
es ees es ars a nfs x set ee 15h
—- sy Z
Se sami gerecet Se eee eae as pe Bins Soe :
=!
<>
—
13
ae
i
ae — 39 3 ~~
mb Se Ee a
pies 4 am
oie:
‘ f “ey
yl iy i a
ae Se
ie iP
i
7s
.
e
yh
0 +e
{
ios dearer a * Bap ee Lae ae :
y ’ ae =] oe =
ee eee ee
ye tae
oP
MON VRE ia
RS test
A ee
f.
oe
Saye
(au
ite
oad :
Papeete
4,
ed coe, ,
2 Ace a
At aap ms
Se Ss
peace ee
bo seed
7. 5 ater ee 4 tak.
eo oe --> rex Fe . =
<2 8 a ee ag od Segue a
2. “ee 00° a 4 Ss tS -— Lael
©
8 hit
vey a a
- See so
sit Ka 4
Cnet ele ie Be mee 5 :
* : 8, “ ~ee
“14 Geers tee
: aan
rk 2
= = as -
ee ee oe
a 2 =
a < a «i et =
“
ee ee ee
of
pe ere
Preece ne
aoe
>.
gt? Pp fee
tas ees
?
i Pore
a AOR: t
pi ae
J
rs
a aly
we af
"
——-e ~~ ree vee >
ee Oe
e 7 tr estan s mags
i a
_ ek, =<
ae a eae
ee aoe ee on
pe
if
aS
modi os,
ees
4
He Wh
rMQirr
1) ges | WY, See
i
EPs
ms i
ne ee
J »
‘‘
ie
‘
ites sere r
*4at . h
ee Te
v
et A be alan wag
“Fi
cn
“4 ome
att
pea tae
me
Yer mEN Nee
ae
oe
Cale
,
kee 21
ve
fan
f ;
x ¢ 1 a
. *
»
yrs
pt ee reg eerie bag ts
Ay Ne A we: Bh oke x
Saale
a aj
bale | - Die idk
ye f *)
aR ar sataat
a
‘
|
if
a
ate
ik
ji
dgeihen
>)
Ne
btn:
au
¥
1;
Aba
:
Ths
Tare Oo eer
ol
v
ee
: sae
her nate phe at
28 14,
cen
es SPAS
Ts
4
maples
eh
‘
eer. _
{ene a ‘ se + : Bs
oe ploneey
‘ vi
wah 444
wet pt
=i ae Es. ;
pate >| a See eeaey ag = $3. Sim meee. az
ass
aed
t
Be aot de
Be eee arlene ee
Sa
17
10 me he rete
hae
sa
| ah
i
ea roa
4
‘
oo
|
+
1
+
at
)
1 i ah | hei
He
:
5
‘a etces MeO.
an
4 ‘
Site “Stan
a
Beant va.
7 CR ier Sele eee rape
i * 4 y
~ 2: .
rae ee ae hg Se Sa Samet
aS rat gts, Sh oe (oe os cee a ee eee eae tos
Si sedan Sec Ss a ie Sea Ss er a aa
sh 255 455G5 Tee aarenseaaeena cs 4
SRS Gs Se aN a a a SS Oe Be ak EE eo OS Me a a pe ee ee ee a
The Pathology and Differential
Diagnosis of Infectious Dis-
eases of Animals
By Veranus Alva Moore, B. S., M. D., Professor
of Comparative Pathology, Bacteriology and
Meat Inspection, of New York State Véterinary
College, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. With
an introduction by Daniel Elmer Salmon,
D. V. M., Former Chief of the Bureau of Animal
Industry, United States Department of Agricul-
ture.
The Profession will gladly welcome this
new book, which brings the subject right
up to the present state of the wonderful
progress made in the study of infectious
diseases * * The book deals with the
important infectious diseases of animals
that occur in this country.
“Am. Vet. Review.”
Dr. Moore has rendered an invaluable ser-
vice in bringing together in convenient
book form a lucid, interesting and accu-
rate account of the infectious diseases of
Animals. “Am. Med.”
Third Edition
Revised and Enlarged
$4.00
Carpenter & Co.
Publishers
Ithaca, New York
Veterinary Doses and Prescription
Writing
By Pierre A. Fish, D. Sc., D. V. M., Professor of
Veterinary Physiology, New York State Veter-
inary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
A full list of drugs with their doses for the
different domestic animals based upon the eighth
(1905) revision of tne U. S. Pharmacopoeia.
Therapeutic terms and a list of terminations of
medical terms applicable to Veterinary medi-
cine. Prescription writing is discussed in some
detail, with illustrative prescriptions. Thermo-
metric equivalents. Weights and measures.
Latin words and phrases used in prescription
writing. Incompatibility. Poisons and their
antidotes. Classification of medicines according
to their physiologic actions. Pages for selected
prescriptions.
Fourth Edition. Revised and Enlarged.
Red Leather Flexible Covers.
184 pages. $1.50 net.
* * * A small volume which will be of indis-
pensable value to the practitioners and students.
* * * Tt will return the investment with inter-
est every other day.
“American Veterinary Review.”
Examination of the Urine of the
Horse and Man
By. Pierre. Ay Bish, D. Se, D: VW. M:
Simple directions are given for performing the
tests necessary to determine the normal or ab-
normal conditions of the urine.
$150 met.
Carpenter & Co.
Publishers
Ithaca, New York
Elementary Exercises in Materia
Medica and Pharmacy
By Pierre A. Fish, D. Sc., D. V. M.
A laboratory manual treating of the more com-
monly used inorganic and organic drugs. Charts
are included, upon which are to be plotted the
physiologic action of many of the drugs. The
pharmaceutical section includes examples of the
different preparations in the U. S. Pharmaco-
poeia.
Third Edition
Revised and Enlarged
$1.50 Net
There are features in this book which be-
token a grateful advance in the medical
and pharmaceutical professions. We con-
gratulate Prof. Fish on his work.
“Alkaloidal Clinic.”
Elementary Exercises in Physiology
By Pierre A. Fish, D.,Sc., D. V. M.
A laboratory manual. Part I., Chemical Phy-
siology. Part II., Experimental Physiology.
Second Edition
Revised and Enlarged
$1.50 Net
The work is modern. Its directions are
admirably concise and clear. It will aid
teachers as well as students.—‘‘Jour. of Ap.
Microscopy and Laboratory Methods.”
Carpenter & Co.
Publishers
Ithaca, New York
General Surgery
BY DR. MED. EUGEN FROHNER
Professor in the Royal Veterinary High
School in Berlin. Authorized Translation from
The Third Revised Edition, by D. Hammond
Udall, B. S. A., D. V. M., Professor of Veterinary
Medicine, New York State Veterinary College,
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
The translation of Frohners General Surgery
has been undertaken to meet the need of an
English text-book on the subject. This text-
book is Vol. If. of a hand book on seven vol-
umes written by various authors and edited by
the late Prof. Joseph Bayer, of Vienna, and
Prof. Eugen Frohner of the Berlin Veterinary
School. One other volume of this hand-book,
DeBruin’s Obstetrics, is already well known to
English speaking veterinarians.
The reputation of Prof. Frohner as a writer
of text-books is too well known to require ex-
planation. This translation is from the 1905
edition; the subject is presented in a scientific
manner; is both concise and complete, and
based on the experience of many years of care-
fully prepared statistics from the largest clinic
of its kind in the world.
$3.00 Net
Carpenter & Co.
Publishers
Ithaca, New York
Pure Milk and the Public Health
A Manual of Milk and Dairy Inspection by
A. R. Ward, B. S. A., D. V. M., Assistant Pro-
fessor of Bacteriology and Director of the
State Hygienic Laboratory, University of Cali-
fornia, with two chapters by M. E. Jaffa, M. S.,
Professor of Nutrition and Director of the
State Food and Drug Laboratory, University of
California. Carpenter & Co., Publishers, Ithaca,
INGAY:
Dr. Ward treats the subject in a comprehen-
sive manner, taking up in detail the following
subjects: The Contamination of Milk; Changes
in Milk Caused by Bacteria; Epidemic of Dis-
eases Transmitted by Milk; Bovine Tubercu-
losis and Other Cattle Diseases; Municipal San-
itary Control of Milk; Pasteurization of Milk;
Microscopic Tests of Milk; Bacteriological Ex-
amination of Milk; Certified Milk; -Chemical
Analysis of Milk; Adulteration of Milk.
Dr. Ward’s wide experience renders him
especially capable to edit a work of this charac-
ter and he has accomplished the task in a most
efficient manner. Such a work widely circu-
lated will be of great value in improving gen-
eral dairy conditions and in establishing uni-
formity of technique in the various laboratory
tests. Its low price, $2.00 net, postpaid, places
it within the reach of everyone.
FRANCIS H. SLACK, M. D.,
Director Boston Board of Health Laboratory.
240 Pages. 17 Illustrations
$2.00 Net Postpaid
Carpenter & Co.
Publishers
Ithaca, New. York
2
a ae |
aS
ee
s
=
‘
‘
=a
.
~
iu
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11