Full text of "A natural history of British moths : accurately delineating every known species, with the English as well as scientific names, accompanied by full descriptions, date of appearance, lists of the localities they haunt, their food in the caterpillar state, and other features of their habits and modes of existence, etc., etc."

See other formats

21tfrm.au ifamunt.

jO Dv] ' ^ s ^ 3 FP

i> t cJ
J

A NATURAL HISTORY OF

BRITISH MOTHS,

ACCURATELY DELINEATING EVERY KNOWN SPECIES,

WITH THE ENGLISH AS WELL AS SCIENTIFIC NAMES, ACCOMPANIED BY FULL DESCRIPTIONS,
DATE OF APPEARANCE, LISTS OF THE LOCALITIES THEY HAUNT,

THEIR FOOD IN THE CATERPILLAR STATE, AND OTHER FEATURES OF THEIR HABITS
AND MODES OF EXISTENCE, ETC., ETC.

THE REV. F. 0. MORRIS, B.A.,

Anthor of A History of British Birds, A History of the Nests and Eggs of British Birds,
A Natural History of British Butterflies,

Etc., Etc., Etc.

THE PLATES CONTAIN NEARLY TWO THOUSAND EXQUISITELY COLOURED SPECIMENS.

COMPLETE IN FOUR VOLUMES.

VOLUME I.

LONDON:

GEORGE BELL AND SONS, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1872.

CONTENTS OF VOL. I.

Page.

Sphingid.®.

Smerinthus

Acherontia

Sphinx

Deilephila

Chaerocampa

. 11

Macroglossa

Sesiad.®.

Sesia .

. 18

Zeuzerid®.

Macrogaster

Zeuzera

. 29

Coccus

Hepialib.e.

Hepialus

. 31

Cochlispid®.

Limacodes

PROCKIB2E.

Ino

Zygenid.®.

Anthrocera

Nolid,®.

Nola .

. 43

Nudaria .

Setina

. 47

Calligenia

Lithosia

. 48

Eulepia

Euchelid.®.

Deiopeia

. 56

Euchelia .

Calimorpha .

. 58

CHELONIDiE.

Euthemonia . 60

Chelonia . .61

Arctica ... 65

LlPAEIDiE.

Liparis ... 69

Orgyia . . 73

Demas ... 78

Bombycid.®.

Trichiura . 79

Psecilocampa . 80

Eriogaster 81

Botnbyx ... 82

Odenestis . . 88

Lasiocampa . . 89

Endromis . 90

Saturnia . . .91

Geometer.—Ubapteeid.e.

Ourapteryx . . 93

Ennomid^:.

Epione ... 94

Rumia ... 97

Venilia ... 98

Angerona . 98

Metrocampa . . 99

Ellopia . . . 100

Eurymene . . .101

Pericalia . . . 102

Selenia . .103

Odontoptera . . 105

Crocallis . . .106

Ennomos . . 107

Himera . . .111

CONTENTS.

Amphidasid®.

Phigalia . .112

Nyssia ... 113

Biston . .115

Amphidasis 116

Boarmid®.

Hemeropbila . 118

Cleora . . . 119

Boarmia . . 122

Tephrosia . . 127

Gnophos . . .131

Dasydia . . . 132

Psodos . . . 133

Mniophila . 134

Boletobid®.

Boletobia . . . 134

Geometrid®.

Pseudopterpna . 135

Geometra . . . 137

Nemoria . . . 138

Iodis .... 139

Phorodesma . . 140

Hemithea . . . 141

Ephykid®.

Ephyra . . . 142

Acidalid®.

Hyria 148

Asthena . . 149

Eupisteria . . 152

Vennsia . . . 153

Acidalia . 154

Timandra . . 170

Caberid®.

Gabera. . . .171

Corycia . . . 174

Aleucis . . 175

Macarid®.

Macaria . . . 176

Halia .... 179

Fidonid®.

Strenia . . 180

Panagra .181

Numeria . . . 181

Scodionia . . 182

Selidosema . . 183

Fidonia . . . 184

Minoa . . . 188

Scoria . . . 189

Sterrba . . . 190

Aspilates . . 190

Zerenid®.

Abraxas . . . 193

Ligdia . . . 195

Lomaspilis . . 196

Ligid®.

Pacbycnemia . . 197

Hybernid®.

Hibernia . . 198

Anisopteryx . . 203

Larentid®.

Cheimatobia . . 204

Oporabia . . . 205

Larentia . . . 207

Emmelesia . . 212

Eupithecia . . . 218

INTRODUCTION.

In compliance with many and long-repeated requests,
I have at last, after as many and as repeated demurs,
made up my mind to write a Natural History of
British Moths, in hope that the favour shown to my
former books on kindred subjects may be continued to¬
wards the present one. My object throughout has been,
in all my works, to write for the people at large, and
to invite to science rather than to deter from it. I
have both seen and heard enough, and too much, of the
evil caused by some, who, in the vain and empty de¬
sire to be thought scientific themselves, have debarred
their readers from becoming so. They may please those
whose own nature leads them to take “omne ignotum
pro magnifico,” but I know that they have not had, and
do not gain, the good will and thanks of the many,
whose approbation I would rather win. They get no¬
thing but contempt from that class which is the largest,
and for whom I have written and still write. I well
know that the more involved the mode of dealing with
a subject, or of setting forth a theory, the greater will
be the admiration of some for him who treats of the
one or propounds the other; while the more clear a

INTRODUCTION.

difficulty is made by the plain and perspicuous language
employed by a writer, the lower will he who has solved
it sink in their estimation, as one who has taken trouble
for so small an apparent effect. But if science has to
do with facts, my work, as any one may prove for
himself, may justly lay claim to a more scientific cha¬
racter than appertains to many that have preceded them.
In writing for one’s own countrymen, words and lan¬
guage need not be employed, the sole effect of which
will be to conceal the meaning professedly intended to
be conveyed. It is only those who are more or less
ignorant themselves that think nothing can be considered
scientific which is not couched in language beyond the
comprehension of the readers whom it ought to be its
object to enlighten: they who are wiser will be content
to convey information in words that may be at once
and readily “understanded of the people.” I, for my
part, have sought to elucidate rather than to mystify,
and to make others sharers in what knowledge I myself
have been favoured with the possession of, rather than
to set up a pretence to undue importance by a vain
display. I have accordingly adapted my style and lan¬
guage to the comprehension of all, translating every¬
where when necessary, having no wish to parade difficult
scientific terms at the expense of my readers.

As to the general plan of the work, while giving the
Latin names of the several species, I have preserved all
the common English ones for those who, like myself,
will ever take a pleasure in them. That is a praise¬
worthy rather than a censurable feeling which makes the
inhabitants at large of our villages and towns cling to the
country names of the natural objects around them. It
is a feeling which I for one would altogether encourage
rather than at all despise. I know, at the same time,

INTRODUCTION.

that nothing can be done in Natural History without
scientific terms, and that these must be given in the
words of an obsolete language in order to their com¬
munication among the nations of the world whose tongues
are so various and even their idioms so diverse. This,
I say, I know; but I know also, as one who has had
the benefit of a classical education, that though these
passwords will do for the learned, they will not do for
those who have had no opportunities of becoming so,
and that if you would gain the hearts of the people to
the studies you love yourself, you must make yourself
at home with them in the outset in the words you em¬
ploy. Nay, more, if you would have them wholly with
you, you must let them see and feel that you yourself
are one of them in taste and feeling. Who, that knows
anything of the “ Pleasures of Memory,” would change
the common English names of our wild plants for others
of a more pretentious character, and make, as it were,
his own youth no part of his present existence? Who
would not leave the humble Daisy to be a Daisy still?
Who, that has ever been a child, would wish the
Heart’s-ease to be other than the Heart’s-ease, the Butter¬
cup than the Butter-cup, the Lark-spur than the Lark¬
spur, the Mouse-ear than the Mouse-ear, the Foxglove
than the Foxglove? What lover will wish the Forget-
me-not to be no more had in remembrance, or the name
of the Violet to be done away? Who, of any age, or in
any situation or station of life, but will stand up, for
“ Auld Lang Syne,” for the pale Primrose, and the gay
Daffodil, the modest Lily of the Valley, and the blushing
Eglantine, the fragrant Meadow-sweet, the tender Hare¬
bell, the lowly Speedwell, the scented Sweetbriar, the
pure Snowdrop, the lovely Hawthorn, and the welcome
Traveller’s Joy, each of which gives in turn a charm

INTRODUCTION.

xii

to every country walk—a charm both present in itself
and borrowed from a distance,—an unfailing pleasure
to the passing moment, and a happy remembrance of
the past: the Enchanter’s Nightshade may cast a soothing
spell over a dark and gloomy mood of the mind: who
is there whom even the “Green Turf” does not delight?
Who,—to quit the wild for cultivated ground,—Who,
“to dull forgetfulness a prey,” would wish the Rose,
the Pink, the Sweet Pea, the Tulip, or the Narcissus,
to be other than they are in nature or in name? Who
does not feel that the spirit of romance and poetry is
unfadingly thrown over the “Royal Oak,” the “Brave
Old Oak,” and the “Ivy Green,” the “Mistletoe Bough,”
and the “Bonny Blue Bell,” the “Thistle so true,” and
the very “Bank whereon the Wild Thyme grows”?
Nay, do not fear that these names will ever give place
to others! They will last as long as the mother earth
that bears the plants themselves: the nation will no
longer be itself when the Rose, the Leek, the Shamrock,
and the Thistle cease to be “Household Words,”—when
they cease to be the cognizance and the badge of St.
George, St. David, St. Patrick, and St. Andrew, the
heroes and saints of the “ olden time.” As it has been
in the days before us, so do we find it to be yet, and
so will it be after we are gone, with the well-known
English names of our common butterflies and moths.
By these will they still be known when the fancies
and conceits which in vain try to supersede them, have
sunk into deserved oblivion. The gay science numbers
some of all classes in her ranks:—the nobleman’s or
gentleman’s son at school and at college; the apprentice
lad of the great city who may one day rise to be Lord
Mayor of London; the country clergyman in the quiet
parsonage of the sequestered village; the decent trades-

INTRODUCTION.

xin

man of the country town; the hardy husbandman in
his neat cottage; the mechanic whose head and hand
are busy; the gallant naval or military officer, the de¬
fender of the land; many of England’s fairest daughters,
and many of her heartiest sons. These, be sure, will
ever continue to keep what they have already preserved
so long.

I have avoided very minute descriptions of the insects,
being convinced that they often bewilder instead of
being good guides; for such are the almost endless vari¬
eties of the various specimens themselves, that if they
be attended to in the account of one they will not
apply to another of the same kind, nay not even to
another of the same brood. My object has not been to
fill space, but to make things plain; “ut multum nil
moror”—“brevis esse laboro”—I have aimed at concise¬
ness, and avoided prolixity. But I have used no
abbreviations, as I think it is perfectly clear that what
those who are fond of them profess to save in the way of
space, is, for the most part, far more than lost in the
trouble caused by actual or mental search and research
to ascertain or remember their meaning. Also, I have,
for the most part, taken no notice of the fact of an
insect having been more plentiful at any place at one
season or time than another, inasmuch as every entoriiolo-
gist knows that such discrepancies are most easily to be
accounted for, and that the continuance of the relative
abundance or scarcity of the species is not to be looked
for or depended on, in consequence of diversity of season,
the alteration of the suitableness or unsuitableness of a
locality by agricultural improvement or otherwise, and
the difference in the way it is explored, either by a
greater number of insect-hunters, or by their greater
assiduity and attention, more close investigation, or more

XIV

INTRODUCTION.

frequent or more opportune looking after tlie several
kinds.

Those who from their youngest days have been lovers
of “Nature,” and who have in advancing years—even
those of earlier date—been led against their natural
wishes to think of the future of the field before them,
have,—to judge from myself and my own thoughts and
feelings in the like case—been constrained to deplore the
onward march of cultivation, and to fear for its results
when still more advanced on the creatures “ferae na¬
turae” around them; to sigh for the return of the days
that are gone, those which they themselves have known,
and to sigh still more deeply for those of a yet further
bygone age, of which they have heard with listening
ears, and have read with admiring and longing eyes.
But every one of a right turn of mind will take more than
one view of things, and the Naturalist will console himself,
at all events to a certain extent, by calling to mind
the many advantages to those around him and himself
which higher cultivation and higher civilization—for the
land is the very source and origin, in some way or other,
direct or indirect, of all bodily advantages—naturally
and unfailing secure. And, further than this, whether
it be that necessity, which is the mother of invention
to men, asserts the same successful dominion over the
other creatures, and, bending even instinct to her sway,
accommodates them to the altered circumstances of the
times, or whatever the cause, he still rejoices, and
has reason to rejoice, in the double result,—the progressive
advance of the age, and the preservation through all
vicissitudes of so many creatures of the hand of the
Immortal, which the same hand by His providence has
preserved through a “thousand generations,” which
though to Him “but as yesterday,” are coeval in our

INTRODUCTION.

calculation with the beginning of time itself. It will be
gratifying to my readers to see how numerous are the
kinds that are still to be met with, even in the immediate
neighbourhood of our largest cities and towns. Whether
it be that the introduction of new plants on which they
feed encourages their growth, or that the climate is
improved for their existence by drainage and cultivation,
certain it is that in many cases where we should have
looked for extinction of race, we find increase; where
we should have thought that this or that kind would
have perished through and together with the eradication
of weeds, we find them to thrive on the very same
plants that nourish ourselves.

I have given an extensive list of the localities where
the several species are to be found, and I have thought
it better where I could, especially in the case of rare
insects, to give exact dates as well, for “It’s a long cry
to Lochow,” and without close instructions a hunter
might wander far from his game. The day of the month
when a capture was made will, therefore, too, in like
manner, often, though not always, be useful; as well as
the particular spot, the exact “locus in quo.” Even
when a species is “common,” “plentiful,” or “abundant”
“everywhere,” I have still thought it better to indicate
a few of the places, widely separate, where it occurs
or has occurred. I have not taken up space with
synonyms, as they may be had in any mere catalogue.
When the male only is mentioned, the female is to be
understood as of general resemblance to it. I have
described the upper and under wings severally as of a
triangular shape, within the inner corner, lower corner,
and outer corner.

Of the larger species, of course fewer figures are given,
though I think it will be allowed, considering the

XVI

INTRODUCTION.

admirable way in which they are executed by the
careful artist whose name is a guarantee for their excel¬
lence, that they are as many as could be reasonably
expected for the price charged and the risk incurred;
but a much greater number are given of those of smaller
size; and I venture to anticipate the thorough satisfaction
of all.

F. 0. MORRIS.

Nunburnholme Rectory, Hayton, York.

NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH MOTHS.

SPHINGIDJE.

SMERINTHUS OCELLATUS.

EYED HAWK-MOTH.

Plate I. Figure 1.

This moth measures from two inches and three quarters
to nearly three and three quarters. I have a specimen
in my cabinet which is only two inches and a half in width.
It is the smallest I ever saw. Male: front wings, which
are scooped on the outer side, fine rich rose-tinted grey-
brown, very pleasingly variegated with pale chocolate or
olive brown, of which there is a bar indistinctly traceable
across the middle, waved most on the inner side; the outer
corner brown, the tip pale on its upper half. Hind wings
elegant rose red, shaded off to grey on the margin, with a
large greyish-blue eye spot encircling a black pupil, and
surrounded by a black rim, in the shape of a Q with its
tail, near the lower corner.

Localities for this species, which is widely distributed
throughout the country, are, among others, York, Scar¬
borough, Huddersfield, Nafferton, Sutton-on-Derwent,
Halton, Wavendon, Lewes, Manchester, Leicester, Fal¬
mouth, Ashford, Canterbury, Faversham, Bisterne, Car¬
lisle, Wallasey, Lyndhurst, Bromsgrove, Worcester, Bir¬
kenhead, Bristol, Epping, Brighton, Blandford, Darling¬
ton, Burton-on-Trent, Exeter, Cambridge, Preston, Ply¬
mouth, Stowmarket, Shrewsbury, Winchester, Tenterden,
Teignmouth, "Worthing, &c. In Scotland it is rare.

I he situations where it is found are very various, as are
the trees it frequents in the larvae state, both near water
and far from it.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are the
end of May and beginning of June, and on to the
beginning of July. June 5, June 11 .

VOL. I. B

lArh. ■ 'TLwe__ / S' S9 ■ -t .cC.

The caterpillar is green minutely dotted with white,
with seven or eight slanting white bars on each side,
bordered above with darker green; the head has a yellow
border; the tail is blue, tipped with dull green, or blackish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
August to September.

It feeds on the willow, the sallow, and the poplar, but
will also eat the apple, the sloe, the peach, and the almond.

SMERINTHUS POPULI.

POPLAR HAWK-MOTH.

Plate I. Figure 2.

This insect measures from about three inches to rather
over four. Male: front wings much indented on the out¬
side, grey, with a faint tinge sometimes of lilac, and clouded
with pale brown; a broad bar of olive-green brown crosses
the wings, with a light oblong mark in the middle of its
upper portion, and beyond it, after a stripe of the ground
colour, the outer margin is darker also, but divided half¬
way up by the grey. Hind wings somewhat indented,grey,
dull red at the base, and with two narrow waved stripes
of greyish-brown between it and the outer margin.

The female is generally paler than the male.

Localities for this species, which is extensively dispersed
throughout the country, are, among others, York, Ordsall,
Huddersfield, Naffer ton, Brighton, Cambridge, Exeter,
Edinburgh, Lewes, Birkenhead, Durham, Weston-super-
Mare, Llanelly, Manchester, Shrewsbury, Teignmouth,
Preston, Darlington, Stowmarket, Wavendon, Plymouth,
Oxford, Bristol, Blandford, Glasgow, Epping, Leicester,
Scarborough, Kingsbury, Ramsgate, Tenterden, Halton,
Truro, Barnstaple, Lower Guiting, Worthing, Lyndhurst,
Winchester, Burton-on-Trent, Southport, Duddingston,
Falmouth, Ashford, Faversham, Canterbury, Rotherham,
Bistern, Wells, &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
from the latter end of May, through June and July, and
even in August and September. One on December 13.

The caterpillar is of a green colour, dotted with yellow,
and with seven slanting yellowish-white lines on the sides.
The tail is yellowish above, and reddish underneath.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September. August 22nd.

It feeds on the different species of poplar, as also on the
sallow, the laurel, the laurustinus, the aspen, and the birch.

This species varies considerably in colour as well as in
size; some specimens being of a yellowish brown, more or
less deep, and others of deeper or lighter grey. One has
been known without the red mark at the base of the hind
wings, and four instances have occurred in which the
wings on one side have been those of the male, and on the
other those of the female, and the antennae likewise
divided in the same way. It has been known to pair
with S. ocellatus and 8. ligustri.

f,/. AT* 2 U' a- xA //<?*•

/.</. ' 2 CJ - /xJUtUtU a /JL /X. /ffy

SMERINTHTJS TILIJE.

LIME HAWK-MOTH.

Plate I. Figure 3.

This insect measures variously from about two to three
inches in the expanse of the wings. Male: front wings of
a greenish grey, or brown, with a broad angular bar on
the centre, in some individuals continuous, and in others
more or less interrupted, of olive green; over the tip is
a patch of light buff with very pale green; hind wings
rather light fulvous brown, with a broad dark dull brown
bar, more or less distinct, running from the outer to the
lower corner, near which it ends in a blackish spot or
mark. The wings are much scalloped or indented on
the outer margins.

Localities for this species are Bromsgrove, Worcester,
Bristol, Cambridge, Kingsbury,Teignmouth,andnear Lon¬
don, Ramsgate, Ashford, Canterbury, Chilham,Faversham,
Rugby,Chingford, Blandford, Lower Guiting, Wavendon,
Stowmarket, Exeter, Dorchester, Lyndhurst, Epping, &c.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
the middle of August to the end of September.

It feeds on the lime and the elm, as also, it is stated,
on the alder, birch, and ash.

This handsome insect varies in different specimens in
having more or less of a brown or green general character
as the ground colour. The patches on the wings also
vary in size, and in some specimens they are different
on the opposite side.

ACHERONTIA ATROPOS.

death’s-head hawk-moth.

Plate II. Figure 1.

This insect measures from four inches to five, and even
more, across the wings. Male: front wings rich dark
blackish brown, with a small yellowish dot near the centre,
and a variety of rich fulvous markings. Hind wings deep
yellow, or fulvous orange, with a broad dull black band near
the lower margin, and a distinct narrow one withinside it.

Localities for this species are York, Nunburnholme,
Sutton-on-Derwent, Huttons Ambo, Pickering, Langwith,
Nafferton, Barmston, Huddersfield, Cambridge, Lewes,
Birkenhead, Teignmouth, Leicester, Bristol, Stowmarket,
Shrewsbury, Darlington, Epping, Blandford, Burton-on-
Trent, Exeter, Worthing, Glasgow, Winchester, Truro,
Chelmsford, Brighton, Tenterden, Lyndhurst, Hull, Brigg,
Scarborough, Morpeth, Hessle, Edinburgh, Dorchester,
Lancaster, Haslemere, Reigate, Merthyr Tydvil, Thanet,
Canterbury, Faversham, St. Lawrence, Emsworth, Bolton,
Worcester, Carlisle, Halton, Kingsbury, The Land’s End,
Duddingston, Manchester, Preston, Plymouth, Tooting,
Chipping Norton, Morningside, Gwillin Vase and Nangatha
Farm near Falmouth, Sudbury, Ipswich, Ely, Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Black Park, Warwick, Ventnor, Maidstone,
Brentwood, Clonmel, Lewisham, &c., &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are the
months of August, September and October. Sep. 28, 30.

The caterpillar is dull yellow, verging into green below
and towards the head, and with seven slanting purple
stripes, their front edge blue and the hind one white, on
the sides; the back is minutely dotted with black; the
tail is yellowish. Sometimes the caterpillar is brown
olive colour, whitish in front, and the stripes darker.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from the
middle of July to the beginning of October. July 7, 20 ;
September 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 21; October 2, 11. It is
very often found in potato-fields, and frequently in con¬
siderable numbers, some seasons more than others. It
sometimes remains more than a year in the chrysalis state.

It feeds on the potato and the tea tree (Lyciurn bar-
barum ), but has also been found on the woody nightshade
(Solarium dulcamara ), elder, thorn-apple, spindle tree,
ash, jessamine, sweat pea, and other trees and plants.

SPHINX CONVOLVULI.

CONVOLVULUS HAWIC-MOTH; BIND-WEED HAWK-MOTH;

UNICORN HAWK-MOTH.

Plate II. Figure 2.

This insect measures from three inches and three quar¬
ters to four and three quarters; the female is the larger.
Male: front wings fine deep ash grey, with an indistinctly
defined black bar widely scooped out on the inner side, and
other paler and darker waved marks. Hind wings pale
ash grey, with a black mark or short bar near the base,
two black narrow central streaks which sometimes run
together into one wider one, and another round and fol¬
lowing the margin, much wider at the outer corner.

Female: front wings without the dark bar, but with two
distinct narrow black longitudinal streaks near the middle.

Localities for this species are, among others, York, Naf-
ferton, Lancaster, Aldburgh, Ipswich, Glasgow, Breadsall,
Northampton, Kingsland, Peckham,London, Leeds, Chat¬
teris,Sutton-on-Derwent,Fordingbridge,Kirkstall,Bridge-

water, Congleton, Cambridge, Dublin, Tinahely, Frome,
Brighton, Swansea, Dorchester, Herne Bay, Gillingham,
Lyndhurst, Hammersmith, Dunkirk, Camberwell, Black-
heath, Mortlake, Tooting, Faversham, Tonbridge, Hythe,
Maidstone, Dartford, Ashford, Kingston, Arundel, Bat¬
tle, Newhaven, Ticehurst, Balgreen, Duddingston, Fal¬
mouth, Norwich, Sudbury, Aylsham, Yarmouth, Ipswich,
Chelmsford, Colchester, Ely, Nottingham, Crediton, Ryde’
Chipping Norton, Uppingham, Sidmouth, Land’s End’
Barnstaple, Weston-super-Mare, Worcester, Southport,
Driffield, Hull, Clonmel, Yarrn, Deal, Brantingham’

Newcastle-on-Tyne, Halifax, Wakefield, Wallington Castle

and Nor ham Vicarage in Northumberland, also at Alloa,
Edinburgh, Gosport, Darlington, Bristol, Penzance, Caith¬
ness, Stowmarket, Exeter, Winchester, Lewes, Lower
Guiting, Burton-on-Trent, Blandford, Hackney, Halton,
Kingsbury, Manchester, Epping, Plymouth, Truro, Glas¬
gow, Leicester, Huddersfield, Worthing, Preston, Teign-
mouth, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are chiefly in gardens,
hovering on the blossoms of the phlox, petunia, carnation,
marvel of Peru, &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
from the early part of August to September. August 10,
12, 15, 22, 24, 26, 31. It has been taken as early as the
8tK of June, September 2, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 22.

The caterpillar varies in colour from green to brown, with
black dots surrounded with white, and with seven oblique
streaks on the sides.

The date of its appearance is July.

It feeds on the lesser convolvulus or bind-weed ( Convol¬
vulus minor), wild balsam (Impaliens noli-me-tangere ),
&c.

This fine insect was remarkably abundant in the years
1846 and 1859, and several hundred specimensareonrecord
as having been taken in various parts of the country. I
myself took six in the former year, in the garden of Naffer-
ton Vicarage, my then residence, and saw others. On one
occasion I had one inthenet, while two others were hovering
on the plant on which I had taken it.

SPHINX LIGTJSTRI.

PRIVET HAWK-MOTH.

Plate II. Figwre 3.

This fine insect measures from about three inches and
three quarters to four and a third. Male: front wings
pale reddish brown, with a few black longitudinal streaks
across a dark brown patch running from the whole of the
middle of the lower margin to the tip; outside it is a
dark line of the same. Hind wings pale rose red, with
three black streaks, one small one near the base, the two
outer ones following the course of the margin. The
fringe greyish brown.

Localities for this species are York, Kexby, Elvington,
Doncaster,Naiferton,Faversham, Wells, Kingsbury, Looe,
Halton, Lower Guiting, Glasgow, Lewes, Ramsgate, Stow-
market, Brigg, Truro, Wavendon, Winchester, Worthing,
Burton-on-Trent, Epping, Falmouth, Brighton, Sudbury,
Ely, Canterbury, Dartford, Chingford, Bisterne, Blandford,
Barnstaple, Weston-super-Mare, West Looe, Teignmouth,
Nunburnholme,Dorchester, Swinhope, Scarborough, Ten-
terden, Plymouth, Exeter, Birkenhead, Bristol, Worcester,
Bromsgrove, West Rasen, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are chiefly gardens.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
June, July, August, and September. June 27, August
24, 31, September 13, 15.

The caterpillar is of a very clear green colour, with
seven white slanting streaks bordered with lilac on the
upper edges and the sides; the tail is black, except part
of the lower side, which is yellow.

The dates of the appearance of the caterpillar are in the
months of July, August, and September—July 18, August
20, September 12, 17.

The caterpillar feeds on the privet, guelder rose, hop,
ash, laurustinus, lilac, and holly.

It sometimes remains in the chrysalis state for two or
three years.

AwvCv. /2./3.Zb~ <Ut* I*. >%%%

«- a. i&sj /v < : k

$ U Ohif

DEILEPHILA EUPHORBOE.

SPOTTED HAWK-MOTH.

Plate III. Figure 1.

This insect measures from two inches and a quarter to
nearly two and three quarters in extent. Male: front
wings light greenish grey, white at the base from the down
of the body, followed by an olive-green waved short bar,
this by a smaller one, and this by a third still smaller mark,
all three united by a line of the samfe colour which runs
along the upper margin of the wing. Hind wings clear
rose red, white at the lower corner, the base black, and a
narrow black line of variable width following the outer
margin a little within it; outside the line the pink is much
paler.

Localities for this species are Treworles near Falmouth,
Worcester, Boxhill, Taunton, Isle of Wight, Coventry,
Scarborough, Braunton Burrows near Bideford, and Barn¬
staple, and Formby near Liverpool.

The situations where it is found are sandy places on the
coast.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is June.

The caterpillar is black, interrupted with red and dark
bands, in' the former colour a double row of pale yellow
spots along the sides, the upper much larger than the lower,
a red line along the back, and a narrow one on each side
above the legs, which are red; head also red; the tail red,
its tip black.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from the
middle of August to the middle of September. It some¬
times remains in chrysalis for two years.

The caterpillar feeds on the sea spurge (Euphorbia
parallels'), and the cypress-leaved spurge (Euphorbia
cyparissias).

pi in

3 .

•&£. h '.f.rxlcben,.

DE1LEPHILA GALII.

SCARCE-SPOTTED HAWK-MOTH. MADDER HAWK-MOTH.

Plate III. Figure 2.

This insect measures from two and a half to three inches
in the expanse of the wings. Male: front wings fine clear
olive green, the lower margin paler, and a yellowish white
streak from below the base to the tip, indented along its
upper edge. Hind wings black at the base, white at the
lower corner, succeeded by a pale red patch, fading out¬
wards into pale yellowish or reddish white, with a clear
black line following the lower edge.

Localities for this species are Warwick, Gogmagog,
Cambridge, Askham Bryan, Woolwich, Darenth Wood,
Kingston, Arundel, Bridgewater, Taunton, Stowmarket’
Worcester, Eugeley, Dunkirk, Darlington, Aylesbury,
Gainsborough, Leckhampton, Bungay, Tunbridge Wells,
Wallasey, Macclesfield, Hull, Hedderwick Hill near
Dunbar, York, Clevedon, Tunbridge, Felixstowe, Cra-
mond, Wheaton, Twizel, Manchester, Plymouth, Bristol,
Lewes, Thurning, Huddersfield, Birkenhead, Epping’
Deal, Exeter, on the Dyke Eoad near Brighton, Dover,
Fawersham, Eainham, Whitefield near Bury, Stamford’
Hill, Hackney, and other places near London.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
from the beginning of July to the middle of August, and
even in September and October. July 4, 5,26, August 11.

The caterpillar is dull greyish green, with a row of
large pale yellow round spots, each in a black rim, along
the sides, smaller towards the head, and a red streak
along the back. The tail bright red.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
the middle of August to the middle of September.
August 26, September 20. One was taken in a garden
at Falmouth, January 5th., 1863.

The caterpillar feeds on the yellow bed-straw (Galium
verum) and the fuchsia.

DEILEPHILA LIVORNICA.

LINED HAWK-MOTH. STRIPED HAWK-MOTH.

RAYED HAWK-MOTH.

Plate III. Figure 3.

This insect measures three inches and a quarter, or a
little over, across. Male: front wings dark olive green,
with a pale streak from the lower side to the top. Hind
wings rose red, whitish within to the lower corner, and
paler outside the marginal band; the base with a large
indented black patch and a narrow distinct line following
the margin. The veins of the wings show distinctly white.

Localities for this species are Doncaster, Kingsbridge,
Birkenhead, Arundel, Brighton, Pennance near Falmouth,
Exeter, Land’s End, Cork, Tremeri, Freshwater and Bem-
bridge in the Isle of Wight, St. Leonard’s-on-the-Sea,
Lewisham, Herne Hill, Worthing, Deal, Plymouth, West-
bourne, Colchester, Torquay, Barnsley, Leicester, Lewes,
Manchester, Preston, Glasgow, Hammersmith, Penzance,
Pendarves, Ventnor, Langport, Carlisle, and Bristol. One
was taken in London.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in the months of August and September, also in April,
May, and June—April 16, 29, May 2, 4, 6, \2, 13, 14,
15, 17, 19, 29, 21, 25.

The caterpillar is dull greyish yellow, with a broad
black line along the back, and another along the lower
part of the sides. Below the former is a row of ten
pale dull yellow spots, with a large black centre to each,
except the last. The tail is red.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is June
and July—June 18.

The caterpillar feeds on the yellow bed-straw (Galium
verum) and the vine.

CHjEROCAMPA celerio.

SILVER-STRIPED HAWK-MOTH. SHARP-WINGED
HAWK-MOTH.

Plate IV. Figure 1.

This handsome and scarce 'insect measures from two
inches and three quarters to three, or a little over. Male:
front wings pale greyish brown, with a darker shade, and
near the middle there is a white spot with a dark centre.
A dull yellowish slightly-waved band extends from the
lower margin near the base to the tip, its inner sides
verging to a white border. Hind wings rose colour,
brighter towards and at the base, paler towards the margin,
with a narrow waved black band following the margin, and
a rather wider one, but shorter, within it near the centre,
the two connected by six fine black streaks or veins; the
outer margin greyish.

Localities for this species are York, Doncaster, Henley-
on-Thames, Tenterden, Norwich, Chelmsford, Ledbury,
Chichester, Worcester, Hull, Bolton, Beccles, Darlington,
Newark, Weymouth, Hopetown, Tooting, Gainsborough,
St. Leonard’s-on-Sea, Tarrington near Ledbury, Hudders¬
field, Eltham, Stowmarket, Brighton, Brantinghamthorpe,
Ely, Birkenhead, Lewes, Harleston,Wisbeach,Weltonnear
Howden, South Walsham, Bristol, Seaford, Manchester,
Worthing, Brampton near Carlisle, Leicester, Oxford,Great
Baddow, Preston, Carlisle, Cockermouth, Wakefield, Mat-
lock, Tottingham, and near London. In Scotland, also in
the Isle of Mull, and at Alloa. “ N.B.”

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are in
the months of August, September, and October. Septem¬
ber 12, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, October 5, 22. They
have also been taken in March and April—March 15,
April 6, and at the end of the month.

The caterpillar varies from brown or purple brown to
green, with two yellow lines on the sides, the upper one
on the hinder half, and two distinct black spots, sur¬
rounded by a yellow rim, the one larger than the other.
The tail is brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July
and August, and also in September.

The caterpillar feeds on the vine and also the yellow
bed-straw (Galium verum).

CHiEROCAMPA PORCELLUS.
SMALL PINK ELEPHANT HAWK-MOTH.
Plate IT. Figure 2.

This insect measures from one inch and three quarters
across to a little over two inches. Male: front wings dull
but clear greenish yellow, with a fine broad pink margin,
indented on its inner side, and the upper margin the same
in two large oblong patches. Hind wings dark blackish
olive green at the base and upper part, the centre dull but
distinct greenish yellow, the outside border dull purple red
pink, the extreme margin on the lower corner white.

Localities for this species are Doncaster, York, Edin¬
burgh, Stowmarket, Dublin, Blandford, Cambridge, Ply¬
mouth, Bristol, Lewes, Birkenhead, Epping, Manchester,
Preston, West Rasen, Tenterden, Wavendon, Ramsgate,
Falmouth, Dover, Croydon, Bisterne, Chingford, Sud¬
bury, Ely, Haynes Park, New Forest, Bolton, Ilfracombe,
Brighton, Halton.

The situations where it is found are in woods, lanes,
and gardens, hovering over the honeysuckle and other
sweet-scented flowers.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
at the end of the month of May, and in June and July
—July 13.

The caterpillar is variously light green mottled with a
darker shade of the same or black, or light brown varied
in like manner with dark brown or black. There are two
large blue spots on the side, and traces of another, indicated
by a few black spots. The tail is only rudimentary.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July
and also in August—August 4, 18.

2 IWb/C in-i . iA ft. c. Y

fvVS-v, k~ fcjt aJmk .

Jtvt. nJtfaXvjv m Zi/lc, by J.EndebW'.

ytncenPBrooks D<v/£ScmJrnp

The caterpillar feeds on the yellow bed-straw (Galium
verurn ), willow-herb (Epilohium hirsutum), and also on
the vine.

The name Elephant Hawk-Moth is derived to these
species from the resemblance of the front part of the cater¬
pillar to the proboscis of an elephant when feeding.

CH^EROCAMPA ELPENOR.

LARGE PINK ELEPHANT HAWK-MOTH.

Plate IV. Figure 3.

This beautiful insect measures from two inches and a
little over a quarter to two and a half. Male: front wings
glossy olive green, within the front edge a broad bar near
the base, a slanting line across to the tip and a broad
border on the outside margin of fine purple pink red.
Hind wings dull black at the base: the remainder fine
pink red with a yellowish white edge.

Localities for this species are Leeds, Scarborough, York,
Sutton-on-Derwent, Sand Hutton, Buttercrambe Moor,
Askham Bog, Huddersfield, Truro, Epping, Blandford,
Kingsbury, Leicester,Manchester, Preston, Sheffield, Ten-
terden, Cambridge, Birkenhead, Exeter, Lewes, Plymouth,
Stowmarket, Teignmouth, Brighton, Lyndhurst, Waven-
don, Lower Guiting,Halton,Edinburgh,Burton-on-Trent,
Bristol, Bisterne, Falmouth, Ely, Faversham, Dover, Can¬
terbury , Ashford, Dartford, Chingford, Sudbury, Hackney,
Sherwood Forest, Ilfracombe, and Battersea.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is the
month of June.

The caterpillar is usually dark grey, mottled with
blackish, with two large black spots on the sides, within
which, on the upper part, is a white border surrounding
a greyish brown spot.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is at the
end of July and the beginning of August—August 15, 20.

The caterpillar feeds on the willow-herb (Epilohium
hirsutum), the bed-straw (Galium pratense ), and also on
the vine and the fuchsia.

JtXrUZ . U ft lj. Iffrg, 0k fU) Cv*.

CHJEROCAMPA NERII.

OLEANDER HAWK-MOTH.

Plate Y. Figure 1.

This rare insect (rare at least in this country) measures
across from four inches and a little over to four and over
a quarter. Male: front wings grey with a very faint tinge
of rose-red colour, with several irregular blots or patches
of clear deep green, these more or less crossed with
waved white streaks. Hind wings purple grey, brown at
the base, with a whitish waved line a little beyond the
middle, the outside margin shaded off into dull green,
except at the lower corner which is pale coloured.

Localities for this species are Brighton, the Isle of
Wight, Barnstaple, Dover, Teignmouth, St. Leonard’s-
on-the-Sea, Eastbourne, Hastings.

The situations where it is found are gardens, &c.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is in
August, September, and October—August 2, Sep. 2, 11.

The caterpillar is dull green or yellowish, with a
streak of white, and many small dots of the same, and
two large eye-like dots on each side.

The caterpillar feeds on the oleander (Neriurn oleander),
and had also been found on the periwinkle and the potato.

Very few cabinets possess authentic specimens of this
fine and conspicuous moth. .

MACROGLOSSA STELLATARUM.

HUMMING-BIRD HAWK-MOTH.

Plate Y. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little under two inches to
two in extent. Male: front wings dark brownish black,
with a black dot in the centre, and two black waved lines
across, and the trace of a third outside. Hind wings fine

Pl.V.

though dull orange tawny, the base blackish brown, the
margin deep purple orangelined with black, deepesttowards
the outer corner, the extreme edge pale orange yellow.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough Castle,
Sutton-on-Derwent, Sand Hutton, Shrewsbury, Worthing,
Darlington, Epping, Teignmouth, Kingsbury, Lewes, Bir¬
kenhead, Bristol, Charmouth, Lyme-Regis, Preston, Lower
Guiting, Burton-on-Trent, Dorchester, Tenterden, Halton,
Wavendon, Truro, Dover, Manchester, Faversham, Derby,
Duddingston,Bisterne,Morningside, Sudbury, Newhaven,
Falmouth, Dorking, Isle of Wight, Bognor, Ilfracombe, Isle
of Man, Barnstaple, Selby, Brighton, Stowmarket, Exeter,
Humberstone, Lyndhurst, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Rams¬
gate, Huddersfield, Plymouth, and Kunburnholme.

The situations where it is found are chiefly in gardens,
hovering over flowers, the jessamine, lilac, &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in May, June, July, September, and October—July 29.

The caterpillar is green with white dots, a white line
along the side on the upper part, and a yellowish white
one along the lower part. The tail dull blue, its tip
yellowish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is August
and September.

The caterpillar feeds on the white bed-straw f Galium
mollugo ).

Jitj if. /$gy. ir. /y<f<r.

MACROGLOSSA FUCIFORMIS.

BROAD-BORDERED BEE HAWK-MOTH.

Plate V. Figure 3.

This bee-like looking insect measures from one inch and
three quarters to a little over in width. Front wings black;
with a tinge of deep green along the front margin. Hind
wings black, with a tinge of deep green at the base; the

outside margin rather broad and very deep rich red brown
—the central spot the same colour. All the wings are
quite transparent, and most beautifully marked with very
distinct lines.

Localities for this species are Stowmarket, Linwood near
Market Rasen, Exeter, Epping, Oxford, Blandford, Lewes,
Halton, Winchester, Falmouth, Lyndhurst, Brighton, Box
Hill, West Wickham, Shooters Hill, Sevenoaks, Leicester,
Thetford, Worcester, Lang with near York.

The situations where it is found are open places in
and near woods.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in May and June—June 25.

The caterpillar is pale green, with lines of yellow on
the back and the sides, which sometimes are spotted
with red; the tail orange reddish brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July.

The caterpillar feeds on the honeysuckle.

The moth flies in the sunshine and hovers about the
blossoms of the lousewort and the harebell. It is hardly
to be discerned from a humble bee, darting with great
velocity in its flight: chase is almost useless.

(f\eJ, U<rod . TivKjt. //. /trtjf. Jmri fax. -4./.

MACROGLOSSA BOMBILYFORMIS.

NARROW-BORDERED BEE HAWK-MOTH.

Plate V. Figure 4.

This insect measures from one inch and a half to one
and three quarters across. Male: front wings broader
than in the last-named species: the upper margin, the
base, and a broad border on the inner part of the lower
margin, black with a tinge of green: the outer margin
fine brown, broader towards the tip. Hind wings tinged
with yellowish at the base, the lower margin narrowly
bordered with clear brown. The wings are quite trans¬
parent, veined distinctly with dark lines.

Localities for this species are Langwith near York,
Exeter, Carlisle, Lewes, Oxford, Epping, Manchester,
Stowmarket, Cambridge, Birmingham, Huddersfield,
Winchester, Enborne near Newbury, Kingsbury, the
New Forest, and Coombe Wood.

The situations where it is found are open places in
and near woods.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in May.

The caterpillar is green, with yellowish-white dots.

The dates of the appearance of the caterpillar are the
end of July and beginning of August.

The caterpillar feeds on field scabious (Scahiosa
arrensis ).

At. Js: /sit.

VOL. T.

SESIADiE.

SESIA MYOP^EFORMIS.

Plato Y. Figure 5.

This insect measures from about nine to ten lines, or
ten and a half across. Male: front wings transparent,
blackish on the upper and lower edges; the outer edge
the same, with a tinge of fine purple or blue-black; the
central spot or bar blackish also. Hind wings fringed
with blackish; the head is black, thorax black, body-
black, the last named with one broad red belt on its
upper part, but white beneath; the tail-tuft black. In
the female the ring on the under side is only edged
with white; the remainder being black.

Localities for this species are Hertford, Epping, Kings¬
bury, Dublin, Bristol, Lewes, Chelsea, Woolwich, Ripley,
and other places near London.

The situations where it is found are gardens and
orchards, among fruit trees.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
at the end of May, and in June and July.

The caterpillar is to be found in the months of April
and May.

It is said to feed on the small stems and twigs of
the apple tree.

SESIA CULICIFORMIS.

Plate V. Figure 6. ,

This species varies from about ten lines to an inch
or a little over an inch in the width of the wings.
Male: front wings transparent, having a blue gloss when
held to the light; blue-black on the upper edge, the
bar the same, and the outer edge with a tinge of purple
violet; the lower edge reddish towards the base. The
hind wings have the fringe blackish. The body is blue-
black, with a broad ring of red tinged with fulvous;
the head and thorax blue-black; the tail-tuft black.
The flight of this species is rapid.

Localities for this species are York, Gravesend, Man¬
chester, Epping, Dublin, Coburg-road, and other places
near London.

The situations where it is found are open places in
woods.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
the end of May and the beginning of June.

The caterpillar is pale dull yellowish white, the second
segment dull yellow, the head brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in April.

It feeds on the interior of the stems and branches of the
birch, and also of the alder; and likewise, according to
Mr. Westwood, on the wood of the plum and the apple.

SESIA FORMICJEFORMIS.

Plate Y. Figure 7.

This very neat insect measures across from ten lines to
eleven and a half. Male: front wings transparent, black

with a tinge of red on the margins, the tip broadly edged
with fulvous red, the centre bar black. The hind wings
have the fringe blackish. The body is black, crossed by
a broad deep fulvous red ring; the head and thorax are
also black; the tail-tuft black, with a few minute white
lines.

Localities for this species are Battersea, Chelsea, and
other places near London; Grooby near Leicester,
Epping, Cambridge, and, I believe, Birmingham. It is
also said that Nicholas Aylworth Vigors, Esq., M.P.,
obtained it in Ireland.

The situations where it is to be looked for are osier
and willow beds.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in June, July, and August; the latter part of the first-
named month, and the earlier part of the last. July 5.

The caterpillar is dull whitish, with brownish spots
on the second segment, the head of the latter colour.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
April and also in May.

It feeds on the stems and shoots of different species
of willow.

SESIA CHRYSIDIFORMIS.

Plate V. Figure 8.

This very rare British insect measures about ten lines
across. Male: front wings transparent,black on the upper
edge and the outer edge; the bar, which extends half-way
across the wing, also black, the tip broadly ended with
pale orange-red; the lower edge reddish orango. Hind
wings black on the edge, as is the fringe. The body
is black, two of the segments edged on their upper side

with pale yellowish white; the tuft or tail black, the
middle part yellowish orange-red.

One specimen was taken formerly by Mr. Francillon,
and one recently by Mr. Brewer; the latter and another
was said to have been taken at Haslor by Mr. Barron.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
at the end of June.

SESIA ICHNEUMONIFORMIS.

Plate VI. Figure 1.

This insect measures from eight to ten lines in ex¬
panse. Male: front wings transparent, brownish black
on the upper edge, the outer and lower edges yellowish
orange, the central bar orange and brownish black. The
hind wings have the fringe brownish black. The body
is black with six yellowish rings, the head and thorax
brownish black, the tail-tuft, which is narrow, black
with two narrow yellow lines. The female has seven
yellowish rings.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Char-
mouth, on the east cliff low down near the sea, Kingston
near Canterbury, Portland, Plymouth, Hastings, Ten-
terden, Charlton, Creak, Epping, Freshwater Gate near
Bristol, and the Isle of Wight.

The situations where it is found are among low vege¬
tation, hovering on flowers, and is especially fond of
the scabious (Scaiiosa succisa).

Dates for the appearance of the perfect insect are
July and August.

The name of this species is derived from the re¬
semblance of the shape of its body to that of the
Ichneumon bees.

SE A CYN1PIF0RMIS.

Plate YI. Figure 2.

This very pretty species measures from about eight
to nearly eleven lines across. Male: front wings trans¬
parent, with a small yellow spot at the base, blackish
brown with a tinge of orange on the upper edge, the
outer edge broadly bordered with deep brownish orange,
the lower edge narrowly bordered with brownish orange;
the central bar deep orange-red. Hind wings veined
with fulvous orange and edged with dull orange-brown.
The body is rich black with four bright yellow rings,
the head and thorax black, the latter with a yellow
collar, and a stripe of the same colour on each side;
the tail-tuft bright yellow.

Localities for this species are Hyde Park, London, and
also Cheltenham, Epping, Clapham Park Wood, Oxford,
Bristol, and near Tunbridge.

It is found on oak trees.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in June.

The caterpillar is said to be dull whitish, the head
brown.

The caterpillar feeds on the bark of the oak.

SESIA TIPULIFORMIS.

Plate YI. Figure 3.

This species measures from nine to ten lines in expanse.
Male: front wings transparent, black with a dark orange
tint on the upper edge, the tip dull golden orange streaked
with black, the lower edge also black with a deep orange

PI. VI.

tinge; the central bar black with an orange tinge. Hind
wings edged with black with an orange tint. Head
black, thorax black with a narrow yellow line on each
side, body black with four very narrow yellow rings;
the tail-tuft black. The female has only three yellow
rings on the body.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough,
Huddersfield, Shrewsbury, Leicester, Lyme Regis, Exe¬
ter, Manchester, Plymouth, Bristol, Birmingham, Ten¬
ter den, Glasgow, &c.

The situation where it is found are in gardens, chiefly
on and about currant trees.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in June. June 5.

The caterpillar is of a dull white colour, with a dark
line along the back, the head light brown.

The dates of the appearance of the caterpillar are in
April and May; also, I believe, in October.

It feeds on the pith of the currant tree.

This is the commonest of our British species of the
genus.

SESIA ANDRENIFORMIS.

Plate YI. Figure 4.

This insect measures in width from nine to ten lines.
Male: front wings transparent, on the upper margin
blue-black, the centre bar blue-black, the outer edge
and the lower edge blue-black. The body black, with
two narrow pale yellow rings; the tail-tuft black, orange-
yellow in the middle; the head and thorax also black.

The only locality for this species known at present is
Greenhithe, where one specimen was taken by Mr. Chant
in the year 1829, and another by Mr. Harding in 1846.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in the month of July.

SESIA SCOLIEFORMIS.

Plate VI. Figure 5.

This insect measures from an inch to an inch and
nearly a quarter across. Male: front wings transparent,
bluish black on the upper edge, outer edge the same,
the centre bar also the same. Hind wings fringed with
bluish black. The body bluish black with two rings of
yellow, the thorax the same colour with two slanting
yellow lines on the sides; the tail-tuft dark brown shaded
with deep yellow.

The only locality for this species as given by Mr.
Stainton is Bryn Hyfrid near Llangollen, where it was
taken by Mr. Ashworth.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in June and July.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in April.

It feeds on the wood of the birch tree.

SESIA SPHAiCIFORMIS.

Plate VI. Figure 6.

This, which is another rare species in this country,
measures about one inch and one line across. Male: front
wings transparent, black on the upper edge, the outer
edge black tinted with purple, the centre bar purple-
black. The hind wings transparent, fringed with purple-

black. The body is black with one pale yellow ring,
the head black, thorax black, and tail-tuft black; the
antennae, which are also black, have a pale yellowish
rather broad bar on their upper side near the top.

Localities for this species are Langwith near York,
Burton-on-Trent, Manchester, the New Forest (?), and
woods near London (?).

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
the end of May and the beginning of June, and on to
July.

The caterpillar feeds inside the stems of the alder,
and also, it is said, the birch.

SESIA ASILIFORMIS.

Plate VI. Figure 7.

This fly measures from one inch to nearly an inch and
a quarter in width. Male: front wings dark blackish
brown with a blue tint, inclining to be transparent towards
the base. Hind wings transparent, with dark blackish
brown fringes. The body, which is bluish black, has five
yellow rings, the two intermediate ones very slender, the
antennae are pectinated. The head and thorax bluish
black, with a yellow collar, and a stripe of the same
on the side of the latter. The tail-tuft black, with two
streaks of yellow lengthwise.

The body of the female has three yellow rings.

A locality for this species is Epping, but it is also
said to have been taken in woods in Surrey, Kent, and
Middlesex, and near London.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in June.

The date of the
April.

appearance of the caterpillar is in

It feeds on the stems and branches of the poplar',
the aspen, and, it is said, the beech.

SESIA BEMB1CIFORMIS.

LUNAR HORNET SPHINX.

Plate VI. Figure 8.

This insect measures from one inch and not quite a
quarter to one and three quarters. Male; front wings
transparent; the upper edge yellowish brown; the outer
edge brown. Hind wings also transparent, the fringes
yellowish brown; the head dull black; the thorax the
same, with a yellow collar; the body bright orange
yellow, the first and second segments black, as is the
hinder margin of the third and of the fourth, the re¬
mainder of the last-named dark reddish brown.

Localities for this species are Canterbury, Darenth
Wood, and near Hammersmith, Cambridge, Scarborough,
York, Manchester, Preston, Newcastle, Dudley, and
Coventry.

The situations where it is found are osier and willow
beds.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in July.

The caterpillar is dull white with a brown spot on
each side.

The dates of the appearance of the caterpillar are
from September to May, when it turns to the chrysalis
state.

It feeds on the stems and branches of the sallow.

SESIA A PI FOR MIS.

HORNET SPHINX.

Plate YI. Figure 9.

This insect measures from one inch four lines to one
inch seven lines, and even more. Male: front wings
transparent, the upper edge broadly margined with dull
yellowish brown; the outer edge dull yellowish brown.
Hind wings also transparent, rather broadly edged with
yellowish brown. The head is orange yellow; the thorax
brownish black, with a conspicuous spot of orange yellow
on each side, with two others similarly behind them.
The body is orange yellow; the first segment black; the
second black, orange yellow at the base; the third black
on its hinder part; the fourth dark brown; the fifth
and sixth dark brown on their hinder edge.

Localities for this species are Exeter, Cambridge,
Rawmarsh, Glasgow, and near Sheffield.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
from the end of May to July.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish white, with a darker
line along the back; the head blackish brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
October to April, when it changes to chrysalis.

The caterpillar feeds on the wood of the poplar.

zEuzEitnm

MACROGASTER ARUNDINIS.

Plate YII. Figure 1.

This insect measures from about one inch and a
quarter to nearly one and three quarters. Male: front
wings rather light brown or yellowish brown, dotted
more or less with a darker colour, and with, but some¬
times without, a dark streak of the same from the base
towards the tip, a little within the upper edge. Hind
wings dull greyish brown. The body is singularly long
and of a greyish brown colour. The female is con¬
siderably larger than the male. Hind wings dull
greyish white; the body similar.

Localities for this species are Epping Forest, Whit-
tlesea Mere, and Yaxley Fen.

The situations where it is found are reed beds, or
the sides of drains where these plants grow.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in June.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish, the head brown, as
is the second segment.

The date of its appearance is in April.

The caterpillar feeds in the stems of the common
reed (Arundo phragmitis).

PI. VII.

ZEUZERA JESCULI.

WOOD LEOPARD-MOTH.

Plate VII. Figure 2.

This plain and yet beautifully-marked fly, which de¬
rives its name from its spotted appearance, measures
across from a little over two to nearly three inches.
Male: front wings semi-transparent and pure white,
thickly spotted over with fine clear blue-black spots with
a tinge of green. Hind wings white, similarly marked,
but the spots much fainter in colour. The thorax, which
is also white, has six large blue-black spots, three on
each side, in a row, the body ringed with bands of
bluish black. The spots in the female are less bright
than in the male. She is of very much larger size, the
superior measurements given above belonging to her.

Localities for this species are York, Bromsgrove, Hyde
Park, St. James’s Park, and other parts near London,
Cambridge, Exeter, Lewes, Blandford, Birmingham, &c.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in July.

The caterpillar is pale yellow, with a “good few”
shining black spots, slightly raised. The head has two
black spots, and the first segment behind it is also black,
as is likewise the tail one, so to call it.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
October, and thence on, I believe, till April or May.

It feeds on the wood of a variety of trees, the elm
chiefly, but also the apple, pear, lime, birch, beech,
walnut, horse-chesnut, ash, and hazel.

COSSUS LIGNTPERDA.

GOAT-MOTH.

Plate VII. Figure 3.

This great moth, measures no less than from a little
under three inches to three and three quarters across.
Male: front wings a mixture of rather pale and darker
brown of different shades, and grey or greyish white,
crossed with slender waved lines irregularly disposed;
a few short lines within the upper edge, two or three
slender ones near the tip, and one larger and longer
one a little way within these, darker than the others.
Hind wings pale ash grey, marked similarly but less
distinctly with waved lines.

Localities for this species are Ely, Bromsgrove, Ivy
Farm near Neatishead, Lambourne, East Garston, Bristol,
Gloucester, Kimbolton, and near London, &c., &c., &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
the end of June and beginning and middle of July.

The caterpillar is dull pale yellowish red; the back
chesnut red.

Ihe date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and October, but it remains sometimes as
much as three years in this state before turning to
chrysalis.

It feeds on the willow, poplar, and walnut.

These moths are considered to do considerable damage
to trees in the places yvhere they abound; but such
damage is more imaginary than real, for the decayed
wood they feed on is a symptom, only betrayed by
them, of the unsoundness which is the precursor of a
fall.

1 +

HEPIALIDiE.

HEPI ALUS HECTUS.

GOLD SWIFT.

Plate VII. Figure 4.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to
nearly an inch and a quarter.

It is a very variable species.

Male; front wings dull reddish orange, with three
bars of golden yellow across, two running upwards from
the lower edge, and one downwards from the upper,
the latter near the tip; but none of them proceed en¬
tirely across the wings, and the outer one is the shortest
of the three. Hind wings sometimes spotted with golden
yellow, but more commonly plain. Female: front wings
rather pale greyish brown, crossed with faint darker
bars of brown.

Localities for this species are, among many others
throughout the country, Nunburnholme, Glasgow, &c.

The situations where it is found are open places in
and near woods.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in the month of June.

The caterpillar is of a greyish colour, the head yel¬
lowish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
April.

It feeds on the dandelion (Taraxacum Dens-leonisJ.

All the moths of this genus begin to fly early in the
evening. They fly, on occasion, with great swiftness,
from whence their common name.

ft*. fltf".

HEPIALUS LUPULINUS.

Avijlrf f'J

j/tnx 3i. ^*2^ •

ftju^ur. 0 )

3. tf»t -

COMMON SWIFT.

Plate VII. Figure 5.

This, which is another very variable as well as very
plentiful species, measures from an inch to an inch and
a half in expanse. Male; front wings pale dull fulvous
brown, with a whitish streak in the middle, and another
composed more or less of similar white spots extending
in a sweep from the base along and within the lower
edge till it reaches, or nearly reaches—differently in
different individuals—a bar proceeding downwards from
the tip within the outer edge. In some specimens these
markings are almost obliterated. Hind wings plain
brown. The female has the markings less distinct.

Localities for this species are Glasgow, and Nunburn-
holme, and it is seen throughout the country generally.

The situations where it is found are about grassy
banks and meadows.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
from the end of May to the middle and end of June.

The caterpillar is dull whitish, the head glossy brownish
yellow, and a patch of the same colour on the second,
third, and fourth segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
September to April.

It feeds on the roots of a variety of plants.

HEPIALTJS HUMULI.

GHOST SWIFT.

Plate VII. Figure 6.

This insect, which varies greatly in size, colour, and
markings, measures from one and three quarters to two

inches and on to about two and three quarters across.
Male: front wings glossy pure satin white, the edges
yellowish brown, hind wings the same; underneath, the
wings are dusky black with an edge of dull orange-red.
Female: front wings dull yellow of different depths of
colour, variously marked in a map-like sort of manner
but mainly, in the more distinctly marked specimens, in
two transverse bars, following the outer shape of the
wing, but tending to the base, and these composed of a
series of patches separate or conjoined and either open
or filled up, and a line of similar colour, namely deep
dull red or greenish brown, a little within the upper
edge. Hind wings dull orange-brown or dusky reddish
margined with a thin border of orange red, dusky at
the base.

Localities for this species are York, Nunburnholme,
Ordsall, Charmouth, Nafferton, Driffield, Bisterne,
Southport, Faversham, Manchester, Falmouth, &c., &c.,
throughout the country at large most abundantly.

The situations where it is found are open fields and
meadows, gardens occasionally, churchyards, road-sides,
and lanes.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in June.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish white, the head reddish
brown, the second segment with a patch of reddish
brown on its upper part.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, and thence to April.

The caterpilar feeds on the roots of the hop (Humulns
lupulus), nettle \ TJrtica urens ), and burdock ( Arctium,
lappa).

This is the moth which forms so conspicuous an object
in the still and tranquil summer evenings, hovering like

a hawk, or rather oscillating, that is to say the male
insect, over the same spot; and derives its name either
from its ghost-like appearance, or from its being seen in
churchyards, thus suspended in the air over the graves.
At times they keep swarming about trees even up to the
top, buzzing around them in a somewhat similar manner.

HEPIALUS SYLVINUS.

ORANGE SWIFT.

Plate VIII. Figure 1.

This insect measures from under an inch and a quarter
to above one and three quarters in expanse. It is very
variable in its markings. Male: front wings rich dull
orange, with indistinct markings of a deeper shade, and
a pale slanting and irregular streak running from near
the base to the middle of the lower margin, from which
another, also irregular, goes up nearly to the tip; the
upper edge is spotted with brown. Hind wings dusky,
tinged faintly with orange at the outer edge. Female:
front wings dull cinnamon colour. Hind wings dusky.

Localities for this species are Lewisham, Durham,
Falmouth, the Isle of Wight, Worcester, Manchester,
Huddersfield, York, Scarborough, Darlington, Birch
Wood Kent, Blandford, Edinburgh, Stowmarket, Bir¬
mingham, Bristol, Lymington, Hertford, and near London,
&c., &c.

The situations where it is found are grassy lanes and
banks.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in July and August.

pi. mi

14 •

HEPIALUS velleda.

BEAUTIFUL SWIFT.

Plate VIII. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a quarter to an inch and three quarters, or even two
and upwards according to Mr. Westwood, in width. Male:
front wings pale reddish or greyish brown, with a rather
large greyish white patch near the base, and a semi¬
circular line of the same outside and between it, and
another light streak which runs from near the middle
of the lower edge to the upper edge, in a line with
the outer margin. In some specimens the pale marks
are obliterated. Hind winds dusky, with a narrow dull
orange border along the lower and outer edge. Female:
front wings less distinctly marked. Hind wings dusky.

Localities for this species are Edinburgh, Inverary,
Kilmun, Argyleshire, Perth, Arran, Torwood, Stirling,
Killarney, Scarborough, Manchester, Burton-on-Trent,
Darlington, Sevenoaks, Worcester, Beverley, Darenth
Wood Kent, &c., &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
June and July.

The caterpillar feeds on the roots of the common fern
(Pteris aquilina ).

This is a local species, but abundant where it occurs.

7'h*JL 18". (tj
* tCj/H - • (?)

COOHLIOPIDiE.

LIMACODES ASELLUS.

Plate Yin. Figure 3.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over three quarters of an inch in width. Male: front
wings glossy yellowish, with a tinge of brown. Hind
wings dull dusky brown.

Localities for this species are the New Forest near
Lymington, Epping Forest, Marlow, and Worthing.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
the end of June and in July.

The caterpillar, which is short and wide, is described
as of a greenish colour, with a broad yellow streak along
the back, and verging to reddish on the side.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
August to October.

The caterpillar feeds on the poplar, and also, it is
said, on the oak and the beech.

LIMACODES TESTUDO.

Plate VIII. Figure 4.

This insect measures from a little under an inch to
about an inch and a quarter in width. Male: front wings
dull yellowish, crossed by two slender dark lines, widened
out below by the inner one turning towards the base, the

enclosed space being usually somewhat darker than the
remainder of the wing. Hind wings dull dusky brown,
inclining to yellowish at the lower corner.

Localities for this species are Blean Wood near Canter¬
bury, Shooter’s Hill, Worcester, Brighton, and Worthing;
to which Mr. Stainton adds West Wickham Wood.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in June.

The caterpillar, which is short and thick, is green,
with two lines of dull white edged with yellowish red
along the back, and a yellow streak on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and October.

The caterpillar feeds on the oak and the beech.

This insect flies in the day-time.

PROCRnm

INO STATICES.

FORESTER.

Plate VIII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from one inch to a little over
an inch across. Male: front wings deep bronze green,
in some lights bluish green, and slightly transparent.
Hind wings dusky and semi-transparent, but harmonising
with the colour of the front wings.

The antennae are blunt at the tip, and blackish in
colour; the head black. The female measures from not

quite an inch to an inch in width. I have one in my
cabinet only a little over three quarters of an inch wide.

Localities for this species are Bromsgrove, York, Hud¬
dersfield, Cambridge, Oxford, Lewes, Brighton, Bristol,
Leicester, Peterborough, Box Hill, Durham, Tonbridge,
Weston-super-Mare, Hammersmith, Knutsford, Birming¬
ham, West Wickham Wood, and Linwood near Market
Basen.

The situations where it is found are moist meadows
and grounds, for the most part near woods.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
from the beginning of June to the end of July.

The caterpillar is greyish ash-colour, with a double
row of black dots arranged triangularly along the back,
and a reddish stripe along the sides, above which is a
narrow whitish one.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
May to June.

The caterpillar feeds on the sorrel (Rumex acetosella ),
the thrift (Statice armeria), and the bitter cress (Car-
damine pratensis ).

This is a very local species, but sufficiently common
where it is met with. One is always glad to meet with
it. It is a slow flier, and is on the wing in the day-time.

1NO GLOBULARIiE.

Plate VIII. Figure 6.

This insect measures from an inch or a little over to
nearly an inch and a quarter in width. Male: front
wings deep bronze green, in some lights with a tinge of
blue, and slightly transparent. Hind wings dusky and

semi-transparent, but harmonizing with the green of the
front wings.

The antennae are pointed at the tip.

Localities for this species are Hollingbury Hill near
Brighton, Clilfe Hill near Lewes, and also near Chel¬
tenham.

The situations where it is found are grassy places.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
from the middle of June to the middle of July;—
June 14—15, as communicated by Mr. Unwin, of Lewes,
to Mr. Stainton.

The caterpillar is of a blackish colour with a double
row of green spots arranged in a triangular manner
along the back, and a blue stripe on each side, within
which is a row of yellow dots.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and to June.

This moth flies in the day-time.

ZYGiENIDiE.

ANTHROCERA MINOS.

Plate VIII. Figure 7.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to an
inch and a quarter in expanse. Male: front wings dull
bluish green, but nearly supplanted by crimson-red,
hollowed towards the outer part. Hind wings crimson-
red, with a very narrow purple edge.

Localities for this species are Ardrahan in the county

of Galway, and likewise in the county of Clare, also
near Oban in Argyleshire.

The situations where it is found are barren places in
mountainous districts.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
from the middle to the end of June.

The caterpillar is pale yellowish green, with a double
row of twelve black spots on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and to June.

The caterpillar feeds on the bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus
corniculatus), the mountain trefoil ( Trifolium montanum ),
and the horse-shoe vetch (Hippocrepis comosa ).

This species flies in the day-time.

ANTHROCERA TRIFOLII.

FIVE-SPOTTED BURNET.

Plate VHL Figure 8.

This insect measures from one inch and a little under
a quarter to one and a little over. Male: front wings
deep bluish green, with five deep crimson red spots,—
two, two, and one,—the two next the body running
into one another, and the two next also frequently
united. Hind wings deep crimson-red, with a rather
broad purple edge.

The antennas are black, rather short and thick, con¬
siderably so towards the tip. The body is also blue-black.

Localities for this species are Axminster, Lynn, Bide¬
ford, Bisterne, Keymer, Dorchester, Lewes, Oxford,
Lower Guiting, Manchester, and Holywell in Flintshire,
Budock and College Wood near Falmouth, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are meadows, open
places in woods, and grassy cliffs.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in June and July.

The caterpillar is yellowish green, with two rows of
black spots along the back, and another of the same on
the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is the
month of May.

The caterpillar feeds on the bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus
corniculatus'), hop trefoil (Trifolium procumbens ), and
the horse-shoe vetch (Hippocrepis comosa ).

This species, like the former, flies in the day-time.

ANTHROCERA LONICER-®.

Plate VIII. Figure 9.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to
more than one inch and a quarter across. Male: front
wings deep bluish green with five deep crimson-red
spots,—two, two, and one, the pair next the body
nearly united. Hind wings crimson-red.

The antennae rather long and slender, but somewhat
thickened towards the tip.

Localities for this species are Wenlock, Dorking,
Worcester, Barnstaple, Knutsford, the Isle of Wight,
Scarborough, York, Huddersfield, Blandford, Dorches¬
ter, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are meadows and
other open grassy places.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in July.

The caterpillar is dull green, with two black stripes
on each side, and a yellow spot on each segment be¬
tween them.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.

The caterpillar feeds on the bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus
corniculatus ), and the horse-shoe vetch (Hippocrepis
comosa ).

This species also flies in the day-time.

ANTHROCERA FILIPENDULJE.

SIX-SPOTTED BURNET.

Plate YIII. Figure 10.

This insect measures from about an inch to rather over
an inch and a quarter across. .Male: front wings deep
greenish blue with six spots of deep crimson-red,—two,
two, and two,—the pair next the body are confluent, as
are also sometimes the next, and the two outer ones.
Hind wings deep crimson red with a narrow purple edge.

Localities for this species are Peterborough, Sudbury,
Durham, Wenlock, the Isle of Wight, Bisterne, Southport,
Keymer, Faversham, Budock and College Wood near Fal¬
mouth, York, Perth, and Kilmun in Argyleshire, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are meadows and
other open grassy places.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in June and July.

The caterpillar is yellowish, with two rows of black
spots along the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
May to June.

The caterpillar feeds on the common rest-harrow
(Ononis arvensis ).

This species flies in the day-time.

AkWvj (Xj{> IX- /?ff-

NOLnm

NOLA CUCCLLATELLA.

SHORT-CLOAKED.

Plate yin. Figure 11.

This insect measures from three quarters of an inch
to a little over in width. Male: front wings deep
bluish grey at the base, the remainder pale bluish or
whitish grey; the first line black and straight nearly
all the way across, the second line grey and rather
faintly traced. Hind wings pale grey.

Localities for this species are Falmouth, York, Dar¬
lington, Manchester, Brighton, Stowmarket, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are, when at rest,
on palings and the trunks of trees.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
June and July.

The caterpillar is of a reddish brown colour, with a
broad white stripe with bluish streaks along the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

The caterpillar feeds on the hawthorn and the sloe

Iflylru y. JiMj //.

NOLA CRISTTJLALIS.

LEAST BLACK ARCHES.

Plate VIII. Figure 12.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse. Male: front wings whitish on

Jauk. A*, *}■*!■ >'*%■ /*)

the upper and greyish white on the lower part, the
first line black and bent near the upper edge of the
wing, the second line, within which is a grey band,
black and indented. Hind wings greyish white.

Localities for this species are West Wickham, Black
Park, Preston, York, Cambridge, Guildford, and Lewes,
&c., &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
the end of May and in June.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish white, inclining to
reddish on the sides, with a black line on each side,
and three of the same colour along the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
the month of May.

The caterpillar feeds on the oak.

NOLA STRIGULA.

Plate VIII. Figure 13.

This insect measures a little over three quarters of
an inch across. Male: front wings greyish white, the
first line blackish and waved, the second line also
blackish and waved, the third line whitish and faintly
marked. Hind wings rather dark grey.

Localities for this species are Darenth Wood, Preston,
Killarney, Black Park Buckinghamshire, Scarborough,
Tenterden, Brighton, &c., &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
June and July.

The caterpillar is pale dull yellowish, with a blackish
patch on the eighth segment, the head dark brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and in June.

The caterpillar feeds on the oak.

AjuKXm. //• /fof. //. sj- CitedJ

NOLA CENTONALIS.

Plate YIII. Figure 14.

This insect measures about three quarters of an inch
across. Male: front wings greyish or pearl white, with
a yellowish pink tinge at the base, and two bands of
the same outward towards the tip; near the base they
are crossed by two short bars not reaching to either
edge, the innermost of them running into it; the third
line reaches nearly across the wing from the front edge,
widening out below towards the lower edge, and followed
by another smaller and slenderer one between it and the
outside edge. Hind wings grey, darker near the base
and along the upper edge.

One locality for this species is Bembridge, in the Isle
of Wight, where a specimen was taken in the year 1858.
Three others were taken by Dr. W. H. Allchin.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
the end of June and the beginning of July. July 1,
July 15.

This species appears to fly in the sunshine.

NUDARIA SENEX.

ROUND-WINGED MUSLIN.

Plate IX. Figure 1.

This insect measures from a little over three quarters
of an inch to nearly an inch in expanse. Male: front
wings, inclining to transparent,fdull yellowish, with a
black spot beyond the middle near the upper edge, three
black dots near the base in a slanting direction, and a

rather indistinct row of black dots towards the outer
edge. Hind wings with an indistinct black spot near
the upper edge.

Localities for this species are Hammersmith Marshes,
Battersea Fields, York, Stowmarket, Epping, Whittlesea-
Mere, Cambridge, Tenterden, Fairbrook Alders near
Faversham, &c.

The situations where it is found are marshy places.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
the end of July and in August.

NUDARIA MUNDANA.

Plate IX. Figure 2.

This insect measures from about three quarters of
an inch to nearly an inch in expanse. Male: front
wings transparent, pale dull brownish yellow, with two
distinct waved lines or narrow bands across, and a
black spot in the middle between the two near the upper
edge, and an indistinct dark wave within the outer
edge. Hind wings similar, but without any spots or
markings.

Localities for this species are Lewisham, Lewes, Linton,
Devon, Malvern, Peterborough, Sudbury, the Isle of
Man, &c., &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in June and July.

The caterpillar is dull bluish grey, with a yellow
streak along the back; the head is black, of which
colour there is also a spot on the eighth segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is at the
end of May and in the beginning of June.

The caterpillar feeds on lichens.

JC»*C*dn. /w . £S,/.

~Fn?m nature, on IjyJEnxleTovro

Vincent, Brooks BayJk Son. Imp

frj 2t-2r7Lj. /foz -

SETINA IRRORELLA.

Plate IX. Figure 3.

This insect measures from about three quarters of an
inch to an inch and a quarter or over in width. Male:
front wings dull yellow, with three slanting rows of small
black dots, variable in number, in the place of the first,
second, and third lines. Hind wings similar in colour,
but paler, and with one or two blackish spots near the
outer corner.

Localities for this species are Galway, Oban,'Dover,
Southsea, Box Hill, Newhaven, Shoreham, Worthing,
Brighton, Isle of Man, &c.

The dates of the appearance of the perfect insect are
in June and July.

The caterpillar is black, with a yellow line along the
back, composed of a series of angulated spots, and with
elongated spots on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

The caterpillar feeds on lichens.

A curious variety of this species was taken by the
Rev. Professor Henslow, the dots being suffused into two
straight lines, and one between them in the shape of
a V.

CALLIGENIA MINIATA.

RED ARCHES.

Plate IX. Figure 4.

This very pretty insect measures from a little under
to a little over an inch in width. Male: front wings

faiur. /Uj /%. /%- /y

o^ijLnxZi^ » /jot. ft'J

flutist - ir /f»t. fy

TUtUt '• s’. A) * l '<f'

fine salmon-red, crossed by a narrow waved black line,
which is followed by a row of a black dots. Hind wings
pale salmon-red.

Localities for this species are Crompton’s Coppice
near York, Sandal Beat near Doncaster, Scarborough,
Worthing, Blandford, Lewes, Epping, Plymouth, Selling,
and Blean Wood near Canterbury, Perry Wood near
Faversham, Sevenoaks, Henfield, Dorking, Ipswich, &c.

The situations where it is found are woods, chiefly
of young growth.

The date of the appearance of the perfect insect is
in July.

The caterpillar is dull greyish brown, covered with
long greyish black hairs; the head reddish brown,
orange-yellow in front.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

The caterpillar feeds on lichens, and the oak, beech,
and birch.

This is a local species, but not very rare. It is best
taken by shaking the trees in which it rests in the
day-time.

LITHOSIA MESOMELLA.

Plate IX. Figure 5.

This insect measures from under an inch to nearly
an inch and a quarter in expanse. Male: front wings
dull but glossy whitish, with a black dot on the upper
edge beyond the middle, and another nearly opposite
to it near the lower edge; the upper edge and the outer
edge yellowish orange. Hind wings greyish dusky, paler
towards the base, the fringe yellowish orange; sometimes
running up more or less in a streak into the wing.

/w AJ-

OrULtf. n. W ff

Localities for this species are Faversham, Bisterne,
Black Park, Carlisle, York, Cambridge, Epping, Exeter,
Lewes, Lymington, Blandford, Brighton, and near Lon¬
don, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are heaths and com¬
mons, and such places in woods.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is greyish, with a blackish stripe on
each side of the back; the head reddish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

It feeds on lichens.

LITHOSIA MUSCERPA.

Plate IX. Figure 6.

This insect measures from an inch to an inch and
nearly a quarter. Male: fore wings pale brownish-grey,
the upper edge paler towards the base in some specimens,
two black dots near the middle of the lower edge, and
four black dots from the middle of the upper edge to¬
wards the outer corner.

Localities for this species are Horning Marshes, near
Norwich.

The perfect insect appears about the end of June
and through July to August.

LITHOSIA AUREOLA.

Plate IX. Figure 7.

This insect measures from an inch to a little less than
an inch and a quarter in expanse. Male: fore wings
yol. i. e

f ?i' jUj /$6 2 . ftj

deep dull but rich ochreous-yellow. Hind wings of a
similar colour but paler.

Localities for this are Black Park, Leatherhead, Epping,
Darenth Wood, Halton, Tonbridge, Horndean, Sudbury,
Worcester, Bingley Wood near Oxford, Lewes, and
Brighton.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is black, with two interrupted stripes
of a yellow colour, spotted with red along the back,
which is dotted with white behind the head, on the
middle, and near the tail.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
May to June.

It feeds on the lichens which grow on the fir and
the pine.

LITHOSIA PYGM^EOLA.

Plate IX. Figure 8.

This insect measures from a little under an inch to
an inch in extent of width. Male: fore wings pale
greyish-yellow, yellowish along the upper margin. Hind
wings pale yellow, dark grey towards the upper margin.

Localities for this species are on the coast near Deal.

The perfect insect appears in August.

I.ITHOS1A HELVEOLA.

Plate IX. Figure 9.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to one
and a quarter in width. Male: fore wings dull bluish-
grey, buff-yellow at the base, the upper margin broadly

HctsLiu - n- * /**»■ ( l )

bordered with the latter colour tapering outwards, as also
the outer margin, but narrowly. Hind wings greyish-buff.

Localities for this species are York, Box Hill, Black
Park, Worcester, Brockenhurst, Lymington, and Norbury
Park, Surrey.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is black, with a streak of yellow on
each side of the back, broader and nearly meeting behind,
where they almost form a spot; the head blackish-brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is at the
end of May or beginning of June.

It feeds on the lichens of the oak and the beech.

I.ITHOSI A COMPLANULA.

THE COMMON FOOTMAN.

Plate IX. Figure 10.

This insect measures an inch and a quarter or a little
over across. Male: fore wings rather deep bluish-grey,
with a streak of buff-yellow along the upper margin,
gradually lessening in width from a little beyond the
middle to near the tip. Hind wings pale buff-yellow.

Localities for this species are Bisterne, Barnstaple,
Poynings, Charmouth, West Rasen, Nafferton, Nunburn-
holme, &c., &c. It is common throughout the country.

The situations where it is found are gardens, lanes,
and the sides of woods.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is black, with two reddish stripes along
the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on lichens attached to walls and poplars.

LITHOSIA COMPLANA.

Plate IX. Figure 11.

This insect measures an inch and a quarter, or a little
over, in expanse. Male: fore wings pale bluish-grey,
with a stripe of buff-yellow of equal width along the
upper margin.

Localities for this species are Black Park, Deal, Dover,
Lewes, Worthing, Bisterne, Shrewsbury, Chat-Moss,
Manchester, Bristol, Plymouth, Epping, and Stowmarket,
College Wood, and Pennance near Falmouth, &c., &c.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is black, covered with short hairs.
There is a spotted stripe of yellow, red, and white, on
each side of the back, and another narrow one of reddish
yellow above the feet.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the lichens which grow on the sloe or
wild plum, and the fir.

LITHOSIA GRISEOLA.

Plate IX. Figure 12.

This insect measures from about an inch and a quarter
or a little over, to nearly an inch and a half across.
Male: fore wings pale grey inclining to buff, and of a
glossy appearance; the upper margin narrowly marked
with yellowish. Hind wings yellowish grey.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Bisterne,
Kingsbury, Dorking, Halton, Bognor, Ripley, Wavendon,

Hertford, Brighton, Lympstone, Epping, Cambridge,
Bristol, Birkenhead, Exeter.

The perfect insect appears in the month of August—
August 13.

LITHOSIA STKAMINEdLA.

Plate IX. Figure 13.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to
nearly an inch and a half in extent. Male: fore -wings
dull yellowish buff. Hind wings of a similar colour,
but paler.

Localities for this species are Lewes, Bisterne, Halton,
Lympstone, Cambridge, Epping, and Bristol.

The perfect insect appears in the month of August.

4 ju /-. ,my.

LITHOSA QUADRA.

LARGE FOOTMAN. FOUR-SPOTTED FOOTMAN.

Plate IX. Figure 14.

This insect measures from one inch and three quarters
to nearly two inches in expanse. Male: fore wings dull
but clear grey, much darker within the outer margin,
deep orange yellow at the base, and with a black patch
on the upper margin. Hind wings pale orange-yellow,
deeper on the inner margin, and grey along the upper.

Female: fore wings fine orange or buff yellow, with
two distinct black spots, the lower one near, and the
other a little beyond the middle. Hind wings similar
in colour, hut paler.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Black Park,
Wavendon, Dover, Manchester, the New Forest, Epping,
Ramsgate, Halton, Lymington, Dorchester, Bristol, &c.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is blackish grey, with a double indented
line of yellow, spotted with scarlet along each side of the
hack, and a black spot on the second, seventh, and last
segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
May to June.

It feeds on the lichens which appertain to the oak,
the beech, and other trees.

LITHOSIA KUBEICOLL1S.

Plate X. Figure 1.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to
rather more than an inch and a quarter in width. Male:
fore wings dull black. Hind wings also dull black. The
tail is yellow; the thorax has a belt of orange yellow
over it in front.

Localities for this species are York, Londesborough,
Guisborough, Swinhope, Cambridge, Canterbury, Durs-
ley, Brighton, West Wickham, Blandford, W r avendon,
Black Park, Epping, Exeter, Lewes, Box Hill, Bisterne,
Barnstaple, Gloucester, Peterborough, Stow Wood, Hal¬
ton, Lymington, Manchester, Thornhill, Dumfries,
Dorking, Carlisle, Lower Guiting, Plymouth, Stowmar-
ket, Winchester, Worthing, Lympstone.

The situations where it is found are fir plantations.

The perfect insect appears in June.

! C /tAv-H U' I!l • fjOl-

Kncenl Brooks Day <i cm. .'mf.

The caterpillar is greenish-grey, with black stripes
spotted with white and red; the head is dark brown
with two white lines.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on lichens of different sorts.

This species flies in the sunshine about the tops of the
trees mentioned above, but is also to be taken perched
on blades of grass.

EULEPIA GRAMMICA.

Plate X. Figure 2.

This insect measures from an inch and a third to
nearly an inch and a half in width. Male: fore wings
yellowish-buff with a tinge of green rayed with black,
and with a spot of the same a little beyond and above
the middle. Hind wings yellowish tinged with orange,
and with a rather broad border composed of a series
of oblong spots, more or less run together in different
specimens, and a crescent shaped spot near the centre.

Localities for this species are Windsor and Anglesea.

The perfect insect is said variously to appear in June
and July, in September and October.

The caterpillar is dark blackish-brown, with a yellow¬
ish-orange streak along the back, a white line on each
side, and reddish spots, each the base of a tuft of hairs.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.

It feeds on the fescue-grass ( Festuca duriusculaJ,
heath ( Calluna vulgaris J , the hawkweed ( Hieracium
pilosella ) , mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris J, field southern¬
wood ( Artemisia campestrisJ, and other plants.

EULEPIA CRIBRUM.

Plate X. Figure 3.

This insect measures about an inch and a third, or
a little over in width. Male: fore wings greyish white
with four waved bands of dull black, composed of a
series of nearly united spots or billets crossed by two
lines or streaks, and with several black dots on the
outer margin. Hind wings grey, the margins darker.

Localities for this species are Bisterne, Parley Heath,
the New Forest, Bingwood, and near Blandford.

The situations where it is found are heaths and heathy
commons.

The perfect insect appears in the month of July.

The caterpillar is black, with short hairs of the same,
a white line along the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and May.

It feeds on the heath (Calluna vulgaris ).

ETJCHELnm

DEIOPEIA PULCHELLA.

Plate X. Figure 4.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a half to one and three quarters across. Male: fore
wings white or very pale cream-white, spotted with fi\ c
or six irregularly disposed waved lines of crimson and

black spots, of which there is a row within the outer
margin, followed by another indistinct series of the same.
Hind wings clear white, semi-transparent, with a broad
deeply indented border of dull black. The thorax is
cream white dotted with black.

Localities for this species are Christ Church, Stow-
market. Worthing, Brighton, Manchester, Epping, and
I believe Glanville’s Wootton, and the Isle of Wight.
It is an extremely rare species in this country, and as
beautiful as it is rare.

The perfect insect appears in September and on to
October.

The caterpillar is bluish-grey, with black hair, a wide
stripe of white along the back, and a red band interrupted
in a dotted manner in the middle on each segment with
black spots.

It feeds on the field mouse-ear (Myosotis arvensisJ,
and the marvel of Peru.

EXJCHELIA JACOBE-E.

CINNABAR.

Plate X. Figwre 5.

This insect measures from about an inch and a half
to nearly one and three quarters in expanse. Male:
front wings dull black with a narrow stripe of scarlet-
red along, but a little within, the upper margin, and two
spots of the same on the outer margin. Hind wings
scarlet-red with a margin of dull black.

Localities for this species, which is decidedly local,—
the plant it is addicted to is to be seen everywhere, but
not so the insect which affects it,—are Waterford, Queens¬
town, Sutton-on-Derwent, West Wickham, Dorking,

Black Park, Maidstone, Barnstaple, Birmingham, Lynn,
Sheffield, Southport, Blackpool, Durham, Carlisle, Charl¬
ton, Fife, Perth, York, Falmouth, and many others.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is dull golden yellow with black rings,
each colour alternating, the head black; it is sprinkled
over with short hairs.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
July and from that to August.

It feeds on the ragwort ( Senecio Jacobcea ). They
generally are found in companies, and several often on
the same plant, which may be seen quite eaten bare by
them.

This moth flies in the day-time, but slowly and languidly.

CuJ/j/-nd ■ hnCv^ ^.3 . IS&8. (/(.

CALIMORPHA DOMINULA.

SCARLET TIGER.

Plate X. Figure 6.

This insect measures from a little over two inches to
two inches and a quarter, or more, in expanse. Male:
fore wings very deep bronzed green, with large cream
yellow and white spots. Hind wings fine scarlet or
crimson, spotted with two large black patches running
into the lower margin, and a smaller one issuing down¬
ward from the upper margin. The thorax is black,
with two orange coloured stripes.

Localities for this species are Burwell Fen, Arundel,
Blandford, Dover, Exeter, Bisterne, Halton, Plymouth,
Ashburton, Winchester, Bristol.

The perfect insect appears the latter end of June. I
have taken it in the middle of July.

Ihe caterpillar is black, and covered with short hairs,
with a broad stripe of pale yellow along the back, and
another interrupted one on each side.

The caterpillar is found in August, and thence to May.

It feeds on the nettle, the willow, the ash, &c.

This species is subject to considerable variety, not
only as to size, but also in the markings and the ground
colour of the hind wings. In some specimens the red
is almost wholly superseded.

CALIMORPHA HERA.

Plate X. Figure 7.

This insect measures from three inches and a half
to three inches and three quarters in expanse.

Male: fore wings very dark deep green, curiously
streaked and marked with cream-white, viz. a narrow
line along the lower margin from the inner corner, from
which also a short slender curved streak proceeds. Two
large ones descend from the upper margin, with two
very short marks between them respectively, the outer
of the two former ones forming an angular junction with
another which follows within the outer margin and the
upper part, but meets the edge of the lower, skirted
with a row of small spots. Hind wings full rich scarlet
red, with two large patches and with two small dots,
forming part of a supposititious line or band within the
outer margin, and a large spot of the same above the
centre.

Localities for this species are Newhaven in Sussex,
where one was captured by a little girl near the end of
the main street; Brighton, where one was seen by Mr.
Cook, of that town; and Wrexham, from whence a

specimen, captured in August, 1859, is now in the cabinet
of the British Museum. Also, different places in Guern¬
sey. Specimens had been recorded as having been
taken in several instances in England, previously to those
mentioned above. I saw the species placed as British
in the cabinet of J. C. Dale, Esq., of Glanville’s
Wootton, many years ago.

The situations where it is found are open barren places.

The caterpillar is of a light brown colour, and covered
with fine hairs.

The caterpillar lives through the winter.

It feeds on the burrage (Borago officinalis ), and will
also eat the dandelion (Taraxicum dens-horns').

I refer my readers to The Naturalist for the year
1856, where I have fully established the claim of this
splendid insect to be a British species, as a native of
Guernsey, from whence I have had the larvae. Every
Botanist and Conchologist of the present day admits the
plants and shells of the Channel Islands to be British
without doubt: no one of any eminence now disputes
the fact.

CHELONnm

EUTHEMONIA RUSSULA.

THE CLOUDED BUFF.

Plate X. Figure 8.

This insect measures from one inch and a half to a
little over one inch and three quarters in width. Male:
fore wings pale rather dull buff-yellow, the margin red¬
dish. There is a conspicuous black spot edged with
reddish near but a little above the centre. Hind wings

Itvi IZ. I$W-

OnUdr. TUj ‘/2. //ff-

pale buff-white, the outer margin reddish, within it a
broad border of black veined through with the former
colour.

Female: fore wings deep rusty orange, with reddish
orange veins. Hind wings deep rusty orange.

Localities for this species are York, Brighton, Lyming-
ton, Preston, Worthing, Lin wood near Market Rasen,
Coombehurst, Black Park, Selling, Blandford, Scarbor¬
ough, Chilham, Bisterne, Isle of Wight, Peterborough,
Arran, Stowmarket, Dorchester, Perth, Kilmun, Kil-
larney, Chat-Moss, Birmingham, Halton, Teignmouth,
Haldon, Exeter, Carlisle, Plymouth, Epping, Lewes,
Leicester, Pennance, and Budock near Falmouth.

The situations where it is found are open heaths.

The perfect insect appears the latter end of June
and in July.

The caterpillar is blackish brown, covered with reddish
hairs, with a yellow line spotted with red along the
back.

The caterpillar is to be found in September, and
again in May.

It feeds on the plantain (Plantago lanceolata), the
dandelion ( Taraxicum dens-leonis), the scabious (Scabiosa
succisa), &c.

CHELONIA PLANTAGINIS.

WOOD TIGER.

Plate X. Figure 9.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over an inch and a half or more in width. Male: fore
wings black, with cream-white streaks, and spots edged
with dull yellow, one long one from the inner corner
along but within the lower margin, a short cross one

near the outer corner, and a long one within it. Hind
wings dull orange yellow, from the inner corner two
black streaks, the upper one bent upward to the margin,
and the outer margin with black spots, one on and the
other within it, and an edge of the same along the
upper part of the outer margin, and also at the lower
corners. The thorax is black, striped with buff, the
body brown-black, with buff on the sides.

Female: fore wings with less black than the male, but
otherwise similarly marked. Hind wings with the space
between the streaks from the inner corner filled up with
black. The female is rather smaller than the male.

Localities for this species are Sandal Beat near Don¬
caster, Melbourne near Pocklington, York, Manchester,
Falmouth, West Wickham, Worthing, Winchester,
Brighton, Blean Wood near Canterbury, Black Park,
Scarborough, Lower Guiting, Dovedale, Worcester,
Birmingham, Stow Wood, Broomsgrove, Newmarket,
Sudbury, Halton, Dursley, Peterborough, Mansfield,
Gloucester, Durham, Chat-Moss, Preston, Huddersfield,
Lewes, Perth, Teignmouth, Castle Eden, Carlisle, and the
Pentland Hills.

The situations where it is found are open places in
and adjoining woods.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May, and
the beginning of June.

The caterpillar is dull brown, with long black hairs on
the second, third, fourth, eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth
segments, and reddish-brown on the alternate ones.

The caterpillar is to be looked for in May, living
on through the winter, to the month of September.

It feeds on the plantain (Plantago lanceolata).

This species is subject to considerable variety, both
in colour and markings.

DOC. I/, t

H UfWnj hicuj 2f

* /rty fr.)

CHELONIA CAGA.

COMMON TIGER. LARGE TIGER. GARDEN TIGER.

Plate XI. Figure 1.

This insect measures from a little over two to three
inches in expanse. Male: fore wings very rich cho¬
colate-red brown, with cream-white markings meandering
through it, but very variable in extent, the brown in
some superseding the white more or less. Hind wings
deep red, with more or less of a tinge of orange, and
with from four to six spots of rich purple-black, three
of them in a row within the outer margin, and the others
or other (for they are'sometimes confluent) between them
and the inner corner; a narrow bar, again, frequently
interposes between them from the upper margin.

Localities for this species, which is abundantly dis¬
tributed through the country, are York, Naflerton, Char-
mouth, Worcester, Nunburnholme, Edinburgh, Falmouth,
&c., &c.

The situations where it is found are gardens, lanes,
and a variety of others.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is black, with rather long silky whitish
hairs on the back, and reddish brown ones on the
sides, the head black, as are also the legs.

The caterpillar lives through the winter, from October
to the end of May or beginning of June.

It feeds on the nettle ( Urtica urens ), and other plants,
the lettuce, strawberry, &c.

Several very remarkable varieties of this species have
been captured.

CHELONIA VILIEA.

CREAM-SPOTTED TIGER.

Plate XI. Figure 2.

This fine insect measures from a little over two
inches to nearly two and a half inches in expanse.
Male: fore wings very deep rich velvet-black, with
generally about eight conspicuous cream-white or
yellowish-white spots. Hind wings rich orange-yellow,
with four, or five, or six black spots, and an irregular
black patch or mass of spots at the lower corner. The
body is rich orange colour on the upper part, spotted
with a row of black dots, and more- or less red towards
the end. The head velvet-black; the thorax velvet-black,
with a cream-white spot on each side near the front.

Localities for this species are Falmouth, Blandford,
Bristol, Exeter, Lewes, Plymouth, Epping, Charmouth,
Blean Wood near Canterbury, at both of which places
I have taken it; Faversham, Emsworth, Barnstaple,
Bisterne, Kingsbury, Lymington, West Wickham, West
Looe, Brighton, Teignmouth, Worthing, Truro, Tenter-
den, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are lanes, hedge-sides,
and open places in woods.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is black, with brown hair all over it.
Head dull red; legs the same.

The caterpillar is found in September, and lives
through the winter till May.

It feeds on the ragwort (Senecio Jacobcea ), chick-weed
(Cerasteum vulgatum ), and a variety of other plants,

>,byJErxi<

VLnoenX/BroohDoy & Sow Imp

ARCTIA FUL1GINOSA.

RUBY TIGER.

Plate XI. Figure 3.

This insect measures from about one inch to nearly
one inch and a half in width. Male: fore wings deep
brownish red, with a black spot beyond the middle.
Hind wings purple-red, with two black central spots, a
broad dusky margin, the fringe red.

Localities for this species are York, Charmouth, Bis-
terne, Barnstaple, Peterborough, Manchester, Sheffield,
Leeds, Falmouth, Dunoon, Thornhill in Dumfriesshire,
Perth, &c.

The situations where it is found are waste places,
grassy cliffs, by the sea side, &c.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is dusky yellowish-brown, with brown
hairs.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
April, having lived through the winter from October.

It feeds on the nettle ( TJrtica urens), the dock (JRumex
pratensis), the plantain (Plantago lanceolata), &c.

kt)nC( bfit. • Jk*U , /$?/>

ARCTIA MENDICA.

MUSLIN MOTH.

Plate XI. Figure 4.

This insect measures from one inch and a quarter to
rather over one inch and a half in expanse.

Male: fore wings greyish dusky-black. Hind wings
greyish dusky-black.

vol. i. r

Female: fore wings semi-transparent and white, with
eight, nine, or ten black spots irregularly disposed.
Hind wings white and semi-transparent, and with five
or six black spots.

Localities for this species are Sandal Beat near Doncas¬
ter, Morton and Langwith near York, Huddersfield, Scar¬
borough, Chilham, Manchester, Exeter, Epping, Halton,
Winchester, Stowmarket, Bristol, Sudbury, Cambridge,
Plymouth, Lower Guiting, Teignmouth, Birkenhead,
Tenterden, Lewes, Lymington, Darlington, Shrewsbury.

The situations where it is found are open places in
woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is greyish or greenish-brown, with a
line along the back of a pale shade, the head reddish,
the legs reddish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
July, August, and September.

The caterpillar feeds on the nettle (Urtica urens ),
the plantain (Plantago lanceolata), the dock (Rumex
pratensis ), &c.

ABCTIA LBBRICIPEDA.

BUFF ERMINE.

Plate IX. Figure 5.

This insect measures from one inch and a half to an
inch and three quarters or more in width.

Male: fore wings buff-yellow, more or less deep or pale,
with two or three black spots near the inner corner, two
near the middle of the front margin, and a slanting row
of several others from the outer corner to the lower

margin; but this species, also, is very variable in its
markings. Hind wings rather paler buff-yellow, with two
or three black spots, head buff, thorax buff, body buff
inclining to orange, with a series of black spots.

Localities for this species, which is very common
throughout the country, are York, Charmouth, Bisterne,
Faversham, Barnstaple, Southport, Durham, Isle of Man,
Bute, Dunoon, &c.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is dull grey, covered with rather light
brown hairs, a narrow whitish line along the back, and
another dark grey one on each side of it, palest on the
upper edge.

The date of appearance of the caterpillar is in August
and September.

It feeds on a variety of common plants.

ARCTIA MENTHRASTI.

WHITE ERMINE.

Plate XI. Figure 6.

This insect measures from a little over an inch and a
half to one and three quarters, or nearly two inches in
width.

Male: fore wings white, with more or less, in some
specimens, of a tinge of yellow, neatly spotted over with
larger and smaller black spots variously disposed, in some
individuals almost wanting, and in others very numerous
and even more or less confluent. Hind wings also white,
and spotted with larger black dots, head white, thorax

white, body yellowish-orange, with a row of black dots
on the back and one on each side, the tip white.

Localities for this species, which is also very plentiful,
are Faversham, Bisterne, York, Charmouth, Falmouth,
Nafferton, Gloucester, Dorking, Nunburnholme, South-
port, Isle of Man, Killarney, &c.

The perfect insect appears in May, June, and July.

The caterpillar is dull black, with blackish-brown
hairs, and a narrow orange-red line along the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on all common plants.

KksocJitLn) AiC^ fS- ;-v-y.

ARCTIA U RTIC JE.

Plate XI. Figure 7.

This insect measures from one inch and a half to
nearly one inch and three quarters in width.

Male: fore wings white with two black dots near the
front margin, beyond the middle, and one or more others
near the outer corner. Hind wings white.

Localities for this species are Winchester, Deptford,
Hammersmith Marshes, Manchester, Lewes, Arundel,
Wavendon, Preston, Cambridge, &c.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is dark fulvous brown, with long hairs.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the nettle (TJrtica urens) and various
low plants.

LIPAEI DM.

LIPARIS CHKYSORRH^A.

BROWN TAIL.

Plate XI. Figure 8.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to
one inch and three quarters in expanse.

Male: fore wings pure snow-white, with usually a
blackish speck towards the lower corner, more or less
indistinct. Hind wings pure white, head white, thorax
white, body white, the tail-tuft golden brown.

Female: fore wings pure white, with sometimes a faint
indication of the black spot. Hind wings pure white.

Localities for this species are Lytham, Epping, Teign-
mouth, Lewes, Lymington, Tenterden, Ramsgate, Stow-
market, Black Park, Chesham, Deal, Dorking, Newhaven,
Bisterne, Bristol, Norwich, Canterbury, &c.

The perfect insect appears at the end of July and
beginning of August.

The caterpillar is black with reddish hairs, a white
streak on each side of the back, interrupted with red
on each segment, and a red line above the legs.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

The caterpillar feeds on the oak, the elm, the black¬
thorn, and the whitethorn.

LIPARIS AURIPLUA.

YELLOW TAIL.

Plate XT. Figure 9.

This insect measures from one inch and a quarter to
over one inch and three quarters in width.

Male: fore wings pure satin-white, with a dull black¬
ish spot near the lower corner. Hind wings pure satin
white, thorax white, body white, the tail-tuft yellow
following brown.

Localities for this species, which is very common in
most districts, are York, Faversham, Nunburnholme,
Carlisle, &c.

The situations where it is found are gardens, orchards,
and hedge-rows.

The perfect insect appears in August.

The caterpillar is black, with a red stripe along the
back, a red line spotted with white on each side of it,
and another above the legs.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the hawthorn, the oak, the apple, &c.

LIPARIS SALICIS.

WHITE SATIN MOTH.

Plate XI. Figure 10.

This insect measures from rather over one inch and
a quarter to nearly two inches and a quarter.

Male: fore wings pure satin-white. Hind wings pure
satin-white.

Localities for this species are Fairbrook near Faversham,
Halton, Blandford, Leicester, Winchester, Worthing, Naf-
ferton, where 1 took one myself in the vicarage garden ;
Canterbury, Dorking, Newhaven, Ramsgate, Southport,
Exeter, Kingsbury, Stowmarket, Bisterne, Birkenhead,
Sudbury, Reading, Lewes, Cambridge, Epping, Tenterden.

The perfect insect appears the end of July and be¬
ginning of August.

The caterpillar is whitish, with a black line interrupted
with red on each side of the back, the sides bluish-white
dotted with black, and with a row of red spots.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the poplar and the willow.

LIPARIS DISPAR.

GIPSY.

Plate XII. Figure 1.

This insect measures from rather above one inch and
a half to two inches and a half, or even three inches
across, in some specimens.

Male: fore wings dark brown mingled with dull yellow¬
ish, with rather darker blackish-brown waved lines and
bars across. Hind wings blackish-brown, mingled with
dull yellowish, darker round the margin.

Female: fore wings greyish white, with the rudiments
of two or three bars from the upper and lower margins,
a brownish-black spot a little way within the former
towards the centre, and a brownish black mark in the
shape of a <j beyond it, and a dot of the same near
the inner corner. Hind wings greyish-white.

To her belong the larger of the measurements given
above.

Localities for this species are Sheffield, Liverpool,
Halton, Stowmarket, &c., and it used to he plentiful in
the fens, when there were more fens than there are now.

The perfect insect appears in August.

The caterpillar is blackish-brown sprinkled with yel¬
lowish, a row of raised spots on each side of the back,
blue on the front half and reddish on the hinder, and
another similar row of reddish ones on each side.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
May to July.

It feeds on the elm, the oak, the lime, &c.

Westwood says, “Varieties occur not only in the ground
colour of the wings, the males sometimes pale-brown and
the females dusky, but also in the depth of the colour of
the markings, which are sometimes almost obliterated.”

LIPARIS MON.4CHA.

BLACK ARCHES.

Plate XII. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a half to rather more than two inches.

Male: fore wings greyish-white, with several trans¬
verse waved bars and lines, and black dots, more or less
extensive in different individuals. Hind wings pale
dusky.

Female: fore wings similarly marked, but more varied
both in the number, depth, and continuousness of the
streaks. Hind wings dusky, with a row of darker dots
on the margin, and a border within them.

Ltj«c(■ J/' ^,5 I8S 7'

A U > 3/-

Localities for this species are Sheffield, Sandal Beat
near Doncaster, Lunn Wood, Barnsley, Epping, Bland-
ford, Brighton, Tenterden, Chilham, Canterbury, York,
Lewes, Wavendon, Black Park, Horndean, Lymington,
Worthing, Dartford, Worcester, Sherwood Forest, Lower
Guiting, Halton, Plymouth.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is of a whitish colour, with a wide
interrupted streak of brown along the back, which has
two large black spots on the third segment, and two
smaller ones on the fifth and the twelfth.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and July.

It feeds on the oak, the apple, the bramble, the birch,
and the fir.

ORGYIA PUDIBUNDA.

PALE TUSSOCK, HOP-DOG.

Plate XII. Figure B.

This insect measures from rather over an inch and
three quarters, to a little more than two inches and
a quarter in width.

Male: fore wings greyish-white powdered with pale
dusky-brown, with a broad bar of darker grey between
the first and second lines, followed by a paler streak,
the half line also dark grey. Hind wings grey, darker
towards the margin.

Female: fore wings pale greyish-white, the first and
second lines darker, indicating the bar. Hind wings
pale greyish-white.

Localities for this species, which is rather common, are
York, Charmouth, Bradfield near Reading, Bolton, San¬
dal Beat near Doncaster, Uppingham, Faversham, Black
Park, West Looe, Newark, Sudbury, &c.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar, which is extremely beautiful, is very
pale yellowish-green, with intense velvet-black bands on
the back between the fifth, si?.th, seventh, and eighth
segments, each of which latter has a tuft of fine yellow,
and the twelfth a red one.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, September, and October.

It feeds on the hop (Humulus lupulus ), &c.

ORGYIA FASCELINA.

DARK TUSSOCK.

Plate XII. Figure 4.

This insect measures from an inch and half to an
inch and three quarters, or even over two inches across.

Male: fore wings rather dark-grey powdered with
brownish-black, and crossed with two curved blackish
streaks or bands powdered with orange or orange-yellow,
and a blackish spot edged with orange near the inner
corner. Hind wings grey.

Localities for this species are York, Lytham, Crosby
near Liverpool, Sudbury, Blackpool, Blandford, Stirling,
Filey, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Halton, Canterbury, Car¬
lisle, Stowmarket.

The situations where it is found are heathy places.

The perfect insect is out in June and July.

The caterpillar is brownish-black with yellow hairs and
black tufts or tussocks on the fifth, sixth, seventh, and
eighth segments, with white hairs on each side, and a
larger tuft or tussock of black on the twelfth.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is found
in September and in May.

The caterpillar feeds on different common plants.

ORGTIA CCENOSA.

Plate XII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from one inch and a half to rather
more than one inch and three quarters in expanse.

Male: fore wings white, clouded with pale brown.
Hind wings white, slightly clouded with brown. The
antennae are thickly pectinated.

Female: fore wings pure glossy white. Hind wings
pure glossy white.

Localities for this species are Bur well Fen, Whittle-
sea Mere, Bidston Marsh near Birkenhead, and Altcar
near Liverpool.

The situations where it is found are the fens.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is black but covered with yellow hairs,
and with three yellow tufts on the back, between two
long black ones.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.

It feeds on the reed (.Arundo phragmites ), on the
prickly twig-rush (Cladium mariscus), also, it is said,
on the flowering-rush (Butomus umbellatus).

ORGYIA GONOSTIGMA.

SCARCE VAPOURER.

Plate XII. Figure 6.

This insect measures about one inch and a quarter
in width.

Male: fore wings rich reddish orange-brown, with
three or more small white spots near the outer corner,
forming more or less of a line within it and the lower
corner, at each of which they are larger than be¬
tween them. There is a fulvous orange patch within
the white near the upper margin. Hind wings dusky
blackish-brown, the fringe paler.

The female is dark reddish-brown, and has only the
rudiments of wings.

Localities for this species, which is rare and very local,
are Doncaster, Rosemerrian near Falmouth, Wandsworth,
Epping, Black Pai’k, Worcester, Wimbledon, and Combe
Wood.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is brownish-black, with two long black¬
ish tufts on the second segment, and also on the twelfth
—the latter slanting backwards, the former forwards.
There is a rich reddish-orange streak on each side of
the back, and another below.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May, from October.

It feeds on the bramble, the oak, and the hazel.

This moth flies in the day time.

ORGYU ANT1QU A.

VAPOURER.

Plate XII. Figure 7.

This insect measures from a little over one inch to
nearly one inch and a half across.

Male: fore wings rusty reddish-brown, with two waved
cross streaks and a conspicuous white spot near the lower
corner. Hind wings rusty reddish-brown.

The female, of a brown colour, is without wings, or at
least has only the bare rudiments of them.

Localities for this species, which is common throughout
the country, are York, Nafferton, Doncaster, Falmouth,
Nunburnholme, Stirling, &c., and it is not unfrequently
seen even in the streets of London itself.

The situations where it is found are the sides of woods
and lanes.

The perfect insect appears in July and in October.

The caterpillar is of a blackish colour spotted with red,
and with several long blackish tufts, two sideways on the
fifth and sixth segments, two on the second leaning for¬
wards, and one on the twelfth leaning backwards.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June
and September.

It feeds on the nut, the pear, the rose, and various
other trees and shrubs.

This species also flies in the day-time, wheeling about
in a desultory manner, so that it is not very easy to
capture.

iJiyedCMi . StpT. !?B'o.

oCm - ■ ttj t c fUi- r

/ m, (lx Wn in, J?Uj /2 .

. 32 /(jet , a . to, & ,

- ft J&A- 3 tn(&>

4 Sr. Si jUj fqor. f/. j

b . i~ July - /aftvac ft,

ORGYIA V-N1GRA.

DARK V.

Plate XIII. Figure 1.

This insect measures from a little over one inch and
a half to a little more than two inches across.

Male: fore wings delicate white, with a slender black
V beyond the middle near the upper margin. Hind
wings delicate white.

A locality for this species is Sole-Street House, near
Faversham, Kent, where one was taken by my school¬
fellow, Henry Hilton, Esq., now Rector of Milstead, near
Sittingbourne. This specimen was brought back by him
to Bromsgrove School, Worcestershire, among others he
had taken in the midsummer holidays, being quite ig¬
norant at the time of its value. It was for some time
in my collection, and is now in the cabinet of Mr.
Abraham Edmunds, of Worcester, who had it from me.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is black on the back, reddish-yellow
on the sides, and with eight tufts of hair on the back,
—two white, three reddish yellow, and two white.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.

It feeds on the oak, the lime, and the beech.

DEMAS CORYLI.

NUT-TREE TUSSOCK.

Plate XIII. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over an inch and a quarter.

ntbyJ 'Erxlei en

PisuenL Brooks T)ay&Son>7mj>

Male: fore wings grey, darker within the outer margin,
and crossed by a broad bar of brown bounded on each side
by a black waved line, and with two spots near the upper
margin. Hind wings dusky, darker within the margin.

Localities for this species are Black Park, Croxteth Park
near Liverpool, Witney, Lewes, Blandford, Filey, Epping,
Horndean, Glasgow, West Looe, Worcester, Lymington,
Edinburgh, Wavendon,Killiecrankie,Teignmouth, Lower
Guiting, Halton, Bristol, Stowmarket, and near London.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in
June.

The caterpillar is yellowish-red, with a broad black
line along the back, and tufts of reddish hair on the
fifth, sixth, and twelfth segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
August to September.

It feeds on the oak, beech, birch, hazel, willow, alder,
and blackthorn.

This moth varies in its markings in different individuals.

BOMBYCHm

TRICHIURA C R A T i£G I.

Plate XIII. Figure 3.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to
nearly an inch and a half across.

Male: fore wings pale grey, with a broad bar of a
darker shade within an indented blackish line on each

side. Hind wings pale grey, darker within the margin,
and with a narrow indented line across the middle.

Female: fore wings brownish-grey, with a darker cross
indented band. Hind wings brownish grey.

Localities for this species are York, Blandford, Carlisle,
Burton-on-Trent, Bedford, Epping, Lewisham, Worcester,
West Wickham, Derby, Botherham, Dorchester, Ly-
mington, Bipon, Halton, Lewes, Darlington, Preston,
Bristol, Sheffield, Stowmarket, Wavendon.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in September.

The caterpillar is bluish-black, with yellow hairs and
a yellow stripe on each side within two rows of raised
red spots, and also a row of white spots.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the whitethorn, the blackthorn, and the
sallow.

PCEC1LOCAMPA POPTJLI.

DECEMBER MOTH.

Plate XIII. Figure 4.

This insect measures from a little oyer one inch and
a quarter to nearly one inch and three quarters in width.

Male: fore wings very dark purple-red brown, inclining
to orange at the inner corner, which colour is followed
by a waved line of buff, of which there is another curved
line across beyond the middle. Hind wings paler with a
light coloured central stripe, and inclining to transparency.

Localities for this species are Malton, York, Hudders¬
field, Lewes, Kingsbury, Isle of Man, Halton, Wavendon,

West Wickham, Bisterne, Sheffield, Stowmarket, Horn-
dean, Sidmouth, Worcester, Ipswich, Peterborough, Car¬
lisle, Doncaster, Plymouth, Manchester, Preston, Bristol,
Lymington, Teignmouth, Burton-on-Trent, Birkenhead,
Lower Guiting, Blandford, Cambridge, Darlington,
Epping.

The perfect insect appears in November and December.

The caterpillar is pale yellowish-grey, with a dark grey
band spotted with white on each segment, darker on the
back, on each side of which there is an interrupted line of
orange, and two red spots on the hinder part of the
second segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the poplar, the oak, the whitethorn, and
the lime.

This species has been taken in York, coming to a light.

EUIOGASTER LANESTRIS.

SMALL EGGER.

Plate XIII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from a little over one inch and a
quarter to one inch and three quarters in expanse.

Male: fore wings rather pale-reddish chocolate-brown,
with a clear white spot near the inner corner, another
near the middle, and a pale greyish slightly waved line
coming from a greyish-white spot on the upper margin,
between it and the outer margin. Hind wings pale
reddish chocolate-brown, with a faint streak through the
middle.

Localities for this species, which is very plentiful in the
larva state where it occurs, are York, Stamford Bridge,

von. I. G

Jvrft 4 0 h, ttttbCAnu tr\

Bromsgrove, Worcester, Scarborough, Leicester, Lewes,
Huddersfield, Halton, Winchester, Birkenhead, Brighton,
Falmouth, Arundel, Maidstone, Ripon, Wakefield, Bristol,
Lancaster, Ben Nevis, Burton-on-Trent, Darlington, Cam¬
bridge, Dorchester, Lower Guiting, Epping, Wavendon,
Exeter, Stowmarket, Teignmouth, Preston.

The situations where it is found are by hedges in lanes.

The perfect insect appears in February and March.

The caterpillar is bluish-black, with transverse rows of
three spots on each segment, a yellowish-white line on
each side above the feet, and two rows of yellowish-red
raised spots on the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May
and June. They reside together in large companies
under a common web, from which they go out to feed
at night. They should be taken with the web to be
reared easily and successfully.

The caterpillar feeds on the whitethorn, the blackthorn,
&c. It not unfrequently remains till the second year, or
even longer, in the chrysalis state.

BOMBYX NEUSTRIA.

LACKEY.

Plate XIII. Figure 6.

This insect measures from a little under one inch and
a quarter to rather more than one inch and a half in
width.

Male: fore wings pale yellowish-red, more or less dark
or light, with a cross bar, narrowed in the middle, of a
darker colour, bordered with dark lines more or less

distinct. In some, the space between these lines is no
darker than the remainder of the wings. Hind wings the
same.

Female: fore wings rather paler rusty-red. Hind
wings the same.

Localities for this species, which is very plentiful in all
the south of England, are York, Falmouth, Doncaster, &c.

The situations where it is found are, for the most part,
orchards and gardens.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is of a clear bluish-grey colour, with
dark-brown and golden-brown hairs, a white line on the
back and an orange-red streak along the sides intersected
by a black and blue stripe, and followed by a silvery-blue
one spotted with black on the third, fourth, and twelfth
segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the apple, the pear, &c.

J} i c .

BOMBYX CASTRENSIS.

GROUND LACKEY.

Plate XIY. Figure 1.

This insect measures from rather under one inch and a
quarter to rather more than one inch and a half or nearly
one inch and three quarters in width.

Male; fore wings pale yellowish-red, with two streaks
or bars across of reddish-brown, and in many specimens
a brownish band beyond the second. Hind wings pale
yellowish-buff, thorax dull yellow, body dull yellowish
brown.

Female; fore wings reddish chesnut-brown, with two
indistinct yellowish bands or stripes forming a bar across.
Hind wings reddish-brown.

Localities for this species are Rye, St. Osyth’s, the Isle
of Sheppy, and Erith, Kent.

The situations where it is found are the banks of rivers,
and other places near the sea.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is of a leaden hue, but much striped;
one whitish line along the hack, below it a broad orange-
brown one, followed by another of silver-grey, within
which are black spots on the third, fourth, fifth, and
twelfth segments, and covered with bright chesnut hairs.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the plantain (P lantago lanceolato), the
wild carrot (Daucus carotaj, sea wormwood (Artemisia
maritima), See.

BOMBYX RUBI.

FOX MOTH.

Plate XIY. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little over an inch and
three quarters to two inches and a half in width.

Male: fore wings deep reddish-brown, with two pale
yellowish-brown streaks across,the space between them
rather darker than the remainder of the wing, as is the
outer margin, broadly. Hind wings deep reddish-brown.

Female: fore wings greyish-brown, with one paler
streak across, on the outside of a wide bar across. Hind
wings greyish-brown.

P1.X1V.

Localities for this species are Stockton Common and
other places near York, Falmouth, Sudbury, Plymouth,
Lynn, Barnstaple, Bisterne, Emsworth, Rugeley, Preston,
Birmingham, Manchester, Lancaster, Carlisle, Stirling,
Dunoon.

The situations where it is found are open heaths and
commons.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in
June.

The caterpillar is deep velvet-black, with golden rings,
and covered with long hairs. In a subsequent stage it
becomes golden-brown on the back, and black and fulvous
on the sides, on and between each segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the heath (Calluna vulgarisJ, and the
bramble.

This moth, which flies very fast, (namely the male,) and
is therefore very difficult to catch, is also difficult to rear,
the secret of success being to keep with it a turf with the
heath on it in the case.

I&LJ JW: y. /fSrJ'i ZUt , Jh&y

*■ o~fWf-

BOMBYX QUERCUS.

LARGE EGGER.

Plate XIV. Figure 3.

This insect measures from over two inches and a
quarter to three inches in width.

Male: fore wings fine rich-red brown, with a clear
white spot near the middle and towards the upper edge,
and a deep yellow band beyond the middle shading into
red-brown. Hind wings rich red-brown on the inner

imj 6.1.

portion, followed by rich fulvous-yellow which merges in
a broad border of a paler shade of the former colour.

Female: fore wings brownish-yellow, darker on the
inner half, and with a large white spot more or less bor¬
dered with black near the middle towards the upper
edge, followed by a pale line which shades off into an
intermediate colour. Hind wings fulvous-red on the
inner portion, fulvous on the outer.

Localities for this species, which is common, are York,
Charmouth, Nafferton, Chichester, Plymouth, Falmouth,

Isle of Wight, Faversham, Canterbury, Newhaven, West
Looe, Bisterne, Barnstaple, Ipswich, Ashbourne, South-
port, Carlisle, Arran, Dunoon, Killarney, &c.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is black, covered with greenish-grey
hairs, with a white stripe along the sides, and a red spot
surrounded with white over it on the third and fourth
segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
September to May.

It feeds on the oak, the whitethorn, &c.

The male flies very fast in a headlong zigzag manner,
and is difficult to capture on the wing.

N.B. The hairs of the caterpillar are of a very irritant
character and sting the hands, and these often again the
face, if touched with them.

*** Bombyx callunce. I have given a figure of the
Moths described under this name, it being doubtful
whether it is a distinct species, or a permanent variety
of the preceding one.

, !<fc t . A f. /. / A** 4

W«' (M' /4n* & /tvr-H 1? .

- ICjOZ - Jm IC\ . /'£*' &*+$ **•**$ ■

'• /<jo2- JLjt Zo ~ TUj Z. Uj^yiet //

Any. /Ci.-tM n. . l6. IC/OI .

B OMB YX TKIFOLII.

Plate XV. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little under two inches
to about two inches and three quarters in expanse.

Male: fore wings reddish-brown, with a white spot
near the middle and towards the upper edge, and a pale
streak across beyond the middle, forming in some speci¬
mens the outer bound of a cross bar contained within it
and another towards the inner corner, but in others
this is wholly wanting. Hind wings reddish-brown.

Female: fore wings reddish-brown, with a white spot
near the middle and towards the upper edge. Hind
wings reddish-brown.

Localities for this species are the Land’s End, Rams¬
gate, Plymouth, Birkenhead, Durham, New Brighton,
Lytham, Blandford, Lymington, Teignmouth,Eastbourne,
and, it is said, the New Forest.

The perfect insect appears in August.

The caterpillar is black, with an orange-red spot on
the third and fourth segments, a bluish-white line on
each side of the back, which is covered with pale tawny
hair, and the remainder greyish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
September to June.

It feeds on the bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus),
the plantain (Plantago lanceolata), the medick (Medi-
cago falcataj, and the melilot (Melilotus officinalis).

ODENESTIS ROTATORIA.

DRINKER.

Plate XV. Figure 3.

This insect measures from two inches to two inches
and a half or nearly three inches across.

Male: fore wings dull brownish-red, with a dark line
running slantwise from the outer corner to the lower
margin, with more or less of dull yellowish or a paler
shade of red along its outside and from its base to the
inner corner, in some specimens there is another line
across the wing within, also a yellowish-white spot near
but above the middle, with (in some individuals) a pale
mark spread from it outwards, and a spot or speck of the
same above it near the upper edge. Hind wings dull
brownish-red. The antennae are beautifully pectinated.

Female: fore wings dull yellow, paler or deeper in
different specimens, with a rather small yellowish-white
spot in the centre, and sometimes another between it and
the upper margin, also a darker line slantwise from the
outer corner to the lower margin, and in some specimens
another across near the inner corner. Hind wings dull
yellow, with a darker line across them.

This species is subject to very considerable variety.

Localities for this species, which is a very common one
throughout the country,are Charmouth, Nafferton, Wicken
Fen, Faversham, Sheppy, Bisterne, Barnstaple, Bolton,
Glasgow.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is rather dark dull bluish-grey, much
freckled with two rows of orange dots on each side below
the back, a yellowish line on each side, with short tufts of
white hair above the feet, and slanting yellowish-orange
streaks on the sides. // A . , / Xx \ ' / Jfjjy

Kh^tkoC^ . JU) ?+■ '<*7/A ^ W/

■■ /Uy

• '1** / r** : <u-fifuj £ •

PI XV

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is to the
end of May from October.

It feeds on grasses of different kinds.

You must be careful not to touch this caterpillar, for
its hairs come off on the hands, and being of a very
irritant character produce considerable pain, and still
more so on the face if immediately transferred to it.

LASIOCAMPA QX3EKCIFOLIA.

LAPPET MOTH. GREAT LAPPET.

Plate XY. Figure 3.

This insect measures from about two inches and a
quarter to three and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings very deep brownish or blackish ches-
nut-red, more or less clouded with dark brown or black,
and with two indented black streaks for the first and
second line, a row of black dots for the third line, and a
black central spot a little above the centre. Hind wings
also deep blackish chesnut-red, but darker, and nearly
black across the centre.

Localities for this species are Wicken Fen, Ely, Cam¬
bridge, Kingsbury, Exeter, Hertford, Worcester, Epping,
Driffield, Winchester, Lymington, Maidstone, Stowmarket,
Arundel, Peterborough, Sudbury.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June and in July.

The caterpillar is dark grey, or dull reddish-brown, with
deep blue beneath the second, third, and fourth segments,
and a pale whitish stripe more or less distinct along the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May
and to June.

It feeds on the plum, the pear, the whitethorn, the
blackthorn, the apple, the willow, the dwarf willow, &c.

Ou/< : hi/Z mJ, cU '■ .

LASIOCAMPA ILICIEOLIA.

Plate XVI. Figure 1.

This insect measures from an inch and a half to
nearly one and three quarters across.

Male: fore wings dull reddish-grey, with two slanting
lines of blackish dots across before the middle, and be¬
yond it a whitish band towards the upper margin, the
fringe pale-yellowish and ferruginous. Hind wings dull
reddish-grey, the fringe pale-yellowish and ferruginous.
The antennae pectinated.

Localities for this species are Cannock Chase and near
Sheffield.

The situations where it is found are heaths and moors.

The perfect insect appears from the end of April to
the middle of May.

The caterpillar is grey, with reddish hairs, with a
broad line of black interrupted by a spot of red on each
segment along the back, between one on each side of it
of white, and also a broad bluish stripe along the side.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June, July, August, and September.

It feeds on the bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus ), and
the sallow.

ENDROMIS VERSICOLOR.

KENTISH GLORY.

Plate XVI. Figure 2.

This handsome and favourite insect measures from
about two inches and a quarter to two and nearly three
quarters in expanse.

PI XVI.

Vincent, Brooks Day&SonJmp.

Male: fore wings fine clear orange-brown, mottled with
grey, with a small patch of white at the inner corner, a
black waved streak, margined on its inner side with
white, across towards the middle; at the centre, towards
the upper margin, is a black V, and beyond the middle
another black waved streak, the second line margined on
its outside with whitish. Hind wings grey or pale-
brown, also several whitish strokes running into the outer
margin, and a row of three white spots at the outer
corner.

The female is paler in colour, and the V in the upper
wing is more distinct, but the general markings are
similar.

Localities for this species are Kannoch, Bristol, Brighton,
Preston, Ipswich, Lower Guiting, Horsham, Worcester,
Monmouth, and St. Leonard’s Forest.

The perfect insect appears in the early part of April.

The caterpillar is pale-green, with a yellow line on the
sides in front, ten slanting white strokes on each side of
the back, and the sides dotted with black and ferruginous.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July.

It feeds on the birch, beech, lime, hazel, &c.

This moth flies in the day-time, and is very quick and
agile on the wing.

SATTJRNIA C A EP INI.

EMPEROR MOTH.

Plate XVI. Figure 3.

This noble insect measures from about two inches
and a quarter to a little over that width in the male,
and from a little under to a little over two and three
quarters in the female.

Male: fore wings clear grey-brown, with a large black
rounded eye, with rings of dull pink and blue, a little
above the middle, set in a white oblong patch, most
visible on the inner side; there is a pink mark near the
outer corner, and two waved streaks of pale-pink across.
Hind wings dull but clear orange-red, with an eye in
the middle of black, with rims of dull pink and blue,
and a grey-brown border bounding a streak of greyish
blue round the outer margin. There is a white collar
on the neck.

Female: fore wings grey, marked similarly to the male.
Hind wings grey, also with markings much the same.

Localities for this species, which is extensively distri¬
buted, are Linwood near Market-Rasen, Langwith near
York, Thorne Moor near Doncaster, Canterbury, Adding¬
ton, Bisterne, Winchester, Ripon, Lancaster, Manchester,
Carlisle, Dunoon, Killarney.

The situations where it is found are heathy commons,
&c.

The perfect insect appears in May.

The caterpillar, which is handsome and conspicuous, is
green, with velvet-black bands and seven raised spots of
golden-yellow, surrounded by a rim of black, and tufted
with thin black hairs.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the heath (Calluna vulgaris), the bramble,
the willow, the apple, &c.

fa' /<Ps?$, 2

butf Pfc {(JWA h\ folia . *st\> A. /tn,

bUtktj, tWrf, fa Jr /ga .

/*• /f/l ,

A (+'%t t /gsus-*, ( Jtfu ' A. /y/i

GEOMETRY.—URAPTERIMi.

OURAPTERYX SAMBIJCAR1A.

SWALLOW-TAIL MOTH.

Plate XVII. Figure 1.

This insect measures from about an inch and three
quarters to nearly two and a half across.

Male: fore wings pale sulphur-yellow, crossed more or
less with very fine short streaks of pale olive, first line
pale olive, second line pale olive. Hind wings pale sul¬
phur-yellow, with a pale olive line across, and a short
tail, at the base of which are two dark brown spots.

Localities for this very common species are York,
Worcester, Charmouth, Nunburnholme, Falmouth, Naf-
ferton, Charlton, West Wickham, Carlisle, Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, &c.

The situations where it is found are gardens and hedge
sides.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is yellowish or reddish-brown, with
paler streaks.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
October and November.

It feeds on the oak, the bramble, the ivy, the elder.
See.

This is a very fast and random-flying moth, and one
which therefore requires some little care to capture.

AA,. Cj‘ . 1uL 24. /FFF /u I

/ • •

A JU. /f. /f*/- /tj

ENNOMnm

EPIONE VESPERTARIA.

Plate XVII. Figure 2.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings orange, with numerous short trans¬
verse lines and marks of a darker shade, a small speck
near the middle of similar colour, the first line much
curved, and a wide border on the outer margin of purple-
red, waved on its inner side. Hind wings orange, also
streaked with a darker shade, and with a small central
spot of the same, and a wide border on the outer margin
of purple-red.

Female: fore wings pale whitish-yellow, with a minute
dark dot in the centre; the first line red, and the border
at the outer margin. Hind wings pale whitish-yellow,
the first line, which is much curved, faded red, a small
dark speck near the centre, and a wide border of the same
on the outer margin embayed on its inner side.

Localities for this species are near Stockton Station
and Stockton Common near York, and Lyndhurst in
the New Forest.

The situations where it is found are heathy places,
the moth chiefly addicting itself to the dwarf sallow.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is brown, with a whitish patch on the
sixth segment, and yellow diamond-shaped spots on the
seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh, and also a
narrow white line on each side of the back as far as
the sixth.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the nut-tree.

pi n

From, Jfatart on Stont byJ. Erxleltn ..

VincenbBrooktJfoy 2 Son, Ltih.

The name of this moth furnishes me with an argument
against those who advocate the adoption of an exclusively
Latin nomenclature by even persons who have never been
put to the trouble of learning any other than their mother
tongue. Staunch churchman as I hereditarily am, I ex¬
ercise the widest tolerance towards those who are not so
happy as to be within the pale of the church. You may
imagine therefore with what feelings I one day last year
received the intelligence that a brother Entomologist had
recently captured and killed some two hundred Presbyteri¬
ans. It was, in fact, made a matter of boast. I expressed
the thought that it might yet prove not to have been the
case; but my informant stood me out that the deed had
been done. I could, as a magistrate for the East-Riding,
have issued a warrant for the immediate apprehension of
this second Claverhouse, but I concluded that, after all,
his own reflections would be a sufficient punishment; so
I left him to them and went on my way, without further
thought of “ Bonny Dundee" or of the retributive justice
which deeds like his might merit and demand.

EPIONE APICIAEIA.

Plate XVII. Figv/re 3.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to
nearly one and a quarter in width.

Male: fore wings orange; the first line, which is black¬
ish, much bent in an angle, the second line, which is
rather waved, runs from the outer corner slantwise to near
the middle of the lower margin, followed by a broad pur¬
ple-red border, more or less intermixed with the ground
colour of the wing, the central spot black. Hind wings

/- oLj fuUj H. -

also orange, a small black spot in the middle, and a broad
border of purple-red.

Localities for this species are Nunburnholme, York,
Birkenhead, Cambridge, Exeter, Poynings, Brighton,
Bristol, Manchester, Pembury, Worcester, Kingsbury,
Lymington, Stowmarket, Tenterden, Scarborough, Lewes,
Darlington, Barnstaple.

The situations where it is found are orchards, hedge¬
rows, &c.

The perfect insect appears at the end of July, in
August, and the beginning of September.

The caterpillar is grey, with a narrow white line on
each side of the back, and a whitish band across the
middle.

The date of the appearance of the caterpilfer is the
beginning of August and in May.

It feeds on the willow, the poplar, and the alder.

EPIONE ADYENARIA.

Plate XYII. Figure 4.

This insect measures a little oyer an inch in width.

Male: fore wings greyish-white freckled with pale dull
greenish-brown. First line pale brown and a little bent,
second line pale brown and slightly bent, followed by a
whitish band. Hind wings greyish-white, freckled with
pale dull greenish-brown, crossed by two bands of a
darker shade, and with a small black dot above the middle.

Localities for this species are Pembury, Portishead,
Lewes, Emsworth, Tonbridge, Battle, Worcester.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is greyish-brown, darkest above, with

two white elongated spots on the sixth segment, and
diamond-shaped ones on the seventh, eighth, ninth, and
tenth.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July.
It feeds on the bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ).

RUMIA CRAT^GARIA.

BRIMSTONE MOTH.

Plate XYII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from a little over an inch and
a quarter to above one inch and a half in expanse.

Male: fore wings deep sulphur-yellow, with a few dull
red spots or marks along the upper margin, the first line
composed of a few of these spots, the second line also
similarly, but the markings are much more or much less
distinct in some individuals than in others. Hind wings
sulphur-yellow.

Localities for this species, which is excessively common,
are York, Charmouth, Falmouth, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are hedgerows, gar¬
dens, woods, lanes, &c.

The perfect insect appears in April, May, and August.

The caterpillar is variously mottled green and brown,
with a hump on the seventh segment, and two small ex¬
crescences on the ninth.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and in October.

It feeds on the whitethorn, the blackthorn, &c.
von i • . h

A/n tiuth ; o/tvj'.

f&vtCdafao- Jux /S- /fn.

VEN I LI A M ACULAKI A.

SPOTTED YELLOW.

Plate XYII. Figure 6.

This insect measures an inch or a little over an inch
in width.

Male: fore wings yellow, spotted with greyish-brown
in the tracks of the half line, first line, and second line,
and also outside the latter. Hind wings yellow, and
spotted with greyish-brown.

Localities for this species are York, Darlington, Exeter,

- Huddersfield, Barnstaple, Blean Wood near Canterbury,
Faversham, Lymington, Bristol, Alfred’s Well and the
Ran Dan Woods near Bromsgrove, Plymouth, Lewes,
West Looe, Stowmarket, Sudbury, Dorking, Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Pembury, Tenterden, Brighton.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May, June, and July.

The caterpillar is bluish-green with a dark line of the
same along the back, and a whitish line on each side
of it.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the nettle (Urtica wens), and other
common plants.

ANGERONA PRUNARIA.

ORANGE MOTH.

Plate XYII. Figure 7. ■

This fine insect measures from an inch and three
quarters to nearly two inches across.

Male: fore wings orange, finely streaked all over with
small brown lines. Hind wings orange speckled with
brown. The antennae are pectinated.

Female: fore wings pale orange yellow.

Localities for this species are York, Edlinton Wood
near Doncaster, Stowmarket, Pembury, Black Park,
Plymouth, Lymington, Lewes, Barnstaple, Worthington,
Tenterden, Plumstead, Horndean, Exeter, West Looe,
Brighton, Bristol.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is variable, brown, yellowish-brown, or
hulf, with paler markings, with two small points at the
tail, and a double hump on the fifth, ninth, and twelfth
segments, the last the smallest.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
October, April, and May.

It feeds on the plum, &c.

■ v'Imol 2^- W'j'L.

METROCAMPA MARGARITARIA.

LIGHT EMERALD.

Plate XYII. Figure S.

This insect measures from under an inch and a half
to nearly two inches in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale green, first line white, second
line also white, edged with a darker shade of olive-green
on its inside edge. There is a small reddish-brown speck
on the outer corner. Hind wings pale green, crossed by
a white line edged with a darker shade of olive-green
on its inside edge.

100

Localities for this species are York, Black Park,
Halton, Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Huddersfield,
Brighton, Dorking, Bere Forest, Tenterden, Stowmarket,
Bristol, Pembury, Darlington, Cambridge, Edinburgh,
Lymington, Scarborough, Exeter, Lewes, Barnstaple,
Birkenhead, Worthing,

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is dull brownish-green, with a black
line along the back, and a row of white dots on each
side of it. The head orange coloured.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September, and again in May.

It feeds on the oak, the beech, the birch, and the
hornbeam.

EL LOP IA F ASCI ARIA.

BARRED RED.

Plate XVII. Figure 9.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a half to that width in extent.

Male: fore wings greyish-red and rather inclined to be
transparent, first line darker red and slightly bent, second
line also rather more bent near the upper margin, and
then curved inwards. Hind wings paler greyish-red
crossed with a line of red.

The female is rather paler than the male.

Localities for this species are Faversham, Manchester,
Scarborough, Bristol, Dartford, Buttercrambe Moor, Bir¬
kenhead, Lymington, Pembury, Lower Guiting, Darling¬
ton, Ljnton, Preston, Carlisle, Brighton, Wavendon,
York, Black Park, Torwood, Stirling, Rannoch, Inver¬
ness, Edinburgh.

Uuof. /**?- ^ A

K+CAUlnj . . W-

<£sy* UfajU /'• «/A«X. /<"- 1 -

ftCtk-HiT - Aj IF !&• -

The perfect insect appears at the end of June and
in July.

The caterpillar is reddish-grey, with a row of reddish-
brown spots, divided by a line along the back, which is
paler. .

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September, and again in April.

It feeds on the fir (Pinus sylvestris ), on the trunk
of which the moth may be seen at rest.

EURYMENE DOLOBRAR1A.

SCORCHED WING.

Plate XVIII. Figure 1.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over an inch and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale yellowish, crossed by many
narrow threads of brown. There is a large reddish-
brown patch near the lower corner. Hind wings pale
yellowish, with fine darker streaks along the margin,
and a large reddish-brown patch within the lower corner.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough,
Buttercrambe Moor, Brighton, Stowmarket, Birkenhead,
Lewes, Bromsgrove, Halton, Manchester, Lewisham,
Black Park, Exeter, Darlington, Worcester, Ipswich,
Bowness, Bristol, Lymington, Pembury.

The situations where it is found are woods and hedge¬
rows.

The perfect insect appears in June.

102

The caterpillar is reddish-brown, the second segment
raised, the ninth still more so; a whitish-grey line on
each side of the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, September, and October.

It feeds on the birch, the lime, and the oak.

PERICALIA OYRINGARIA.

LILAC BEAUTY.

Plate XVIII. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little under to about an
inch and a half in expanse.

Male: fore wings a mixture of yellow, grey, and red-
dish-pink, with two white or faint pink marks near the
outer corner, and another on the upper margin. The
second line crosses slantwise, followed by another short
one outside it. Hind wings yellowish-red and grey,
crossed by a darker line near the inner corner, and a
row of a few dots near the middle.

Localities for this species are York, Huddersfield,
Worcester, Newnham, Bromsgrove, Cambridge, Lewes,
Black Park, Manchester, Bristol, Pembury, Halton,
Worthing, Stowmarket, Wavendon, Tenterden, Brighton.

The situations where it is found are woods and gardens.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is variously bluish-brown or yellowish-
green, with a brown stripe along the back, the sixth and
seventh segment each with two small, and the eighth with
a large prominence, the latter bent backwards.

ft ,n/.

Pi. 18.

fTmuMaun vnStme byJFiTxUbrJL.

VmcmbFhrooksday & SaruiUh.

103

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in April
and May.

It feeds on the lilac, the jessamine, and the privet.

SELENIA ILLUNARIA.

EARLY THORN.

Plate XVIII. Figure 3.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a half to nearly one and three quarters in width.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-grey, more or less
marked with brown and very pale pink along the upper
margin, first line dark brown and slightly bent, the second
line also dark brown, little bent and nearly straight
across, between the two is a broader central line. There
is a patch of olive or orange-brown at the outer corner.
Hind wings yellowish-grey, with a rather darker bar
across more or less distinct.

The female resembles the male, but is rather darker
coloured.

Localities for this species, which is common throughout
the .country, are York, Nun-Appleton, Isle of Wight,
Isle of Man, &c.

The situations where it is found are hedge-rows and
wood sides.

The perfect insect appears in March and April, and
also again in July.

The caterpillar is greyish-brown, with a line below the
back of a paler shade, the eighth and ninth segments
with slight prominences.

104

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June
and July.

It feeds on the plum, the oak, the willow, &c.

SELENIA LUN ARIA.

LUNAR THORN.

Plate XVIII. Figure 4.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over an inch and three quarters across.

Male: fore wings a mixture of pale grey and dull yel¬
low, the first line blackish and much bent, the second line
also blackish and nearly straight, enclosing a patch of yel¬
low-brown, there is also a patch of rich reddish-brown
at the outer corner. Hind wings greenish-yellow, with
a dark spot near the centre, from which a dark line
runs to the inner side.

Localities for this species are York, Doncaster, Wake¬
field, Scarborough, Brighton, Plymouth, Dulwich, Black
Park, Lew’isham, Sudbury, Worcester, Pembury, Dur¬
ham, Stowmarket, Bristol, Lower Guiting, Darlington,
Manchester, Lymington.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is grey mottled with brown and reddish-
brown, the third segment with a dark brown prominence,
and the sixth and the ninth also with prominences.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the oak, sloe, whitethorn, elm, &c.

105

SELENIA ILLUSTRARIA.

BEAUTIFUL THORN.

Plate XVIII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from a little over an inch and
a quarter to about one and three quarters in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale grey faintly tinged with red and
shaded with brown, the first line dark brown and bent,
the second line also dark brown and waved. Hind wings
pale grey.

Localities for this species are Darenth Wood, Brighton,
West Wickham, Halton, Croydon, Black Park, Bristol,
Box Hill, Lymington, Epping, Carlisle, Worcester,
Exeter, Plymouth.

The perfect insect appears in May, and again in August.

The caterpillar is a mixture of greyish-brown and dark
reddish-brown, in stripes and spots, with prominences on
the fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth segments, the two hind¬
most of them being larger than the others.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and September.

It feeds on the birch, the beech, the ash, and the oak.

^ . fit- tnr.

ODONTOPTERA BIDENTARIA.

SCALLOPED HAZEL.

Plate XVIII. Figure 6.

This insect measures from about an inch and a half
to nearly one and three quarters across.

Male, fore wings rather pale yellowish-brown, speckled
with darker; first line dark olive-brown, waved, and

/. - /hay Zl

/. 0xs>kr{r ■■ Anay fy. /foJr

106

running nearly straight across, second line also dark
olive-brown, indented on its inner side, and bounded by
a narrow streak of white on the outer, central spot dark
brown, whitish in the middle. Hind wings pale yellow¬
ish-brown, with a darker central spot and cross line.

Localities for this species, which is widely distributed,
are York, Canterbury, Stirling, Bromsgrove, Butter-
crambe Moor, See.

The situations where it is found are lanes and hedge
sides.

The perfect insect appears in April, May, and June.

The caterpillar is variously, like the three witches, grey,
green, or brown, much variegated with darker markings;
a row of diamond-shaped marks along the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and October.

It feeds on the oak, willow, alder, &c.

CROCALLIS ELINGUARIA.

SCALLOPED OAK.

Plate XYIII. Figure 7.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a half to not quite one and three quarters in width.

Male: fore wings cream coloured, first line brown and
nearly straight, second line brown and waved, but in
some specimens more sharply curved than in others, the
central shade darker than the rest of the wing, central
spot dark brown; there is a row of brown dots along the
outer margin. Hind wings cream coloured, rather paler
tnan the other, central spot brown, and there is a row of

. /#?{. /Uf S3 {•)

/Clw Cstfcfltirv ■ / 0 1 : ^ O ^0

107

brown dots within the outer margin. The antennae are
pectinated.

The female is paler than the male.

Localities for this species, which is generally diffused
through the country, though no where very abundant, are
York, Crambe, Nun-Appleton, Bromsgrove, Faversham,
Canterbury, Black Park, Mickleham, Barnstaple.

The situations where it is found are woods and hedge
sides.

The perfect insect appears at the end of July and in
August.

The caterpillar is variable in its markings, the ground
colour greyish-brown, more or less mottled with darker
markings, and whitish and violet.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
April and May.

It feeds on the whitethorn, the oak, the elm, and the
blackthorn, &c.

ENNOMOS ALNIARIA.

Plate XVIII. Figure 8.

This insect measures about two inches across.

Male: fore wings pale yellow frosted with brown, the
first line dark brown and nearly straight, the second
line slanting and bent.

Localities for this species are Brighton, Margate, and
the North Foreland.

The perfect insect appears in September.

The caterpillar is brown mottled with whitish, with
slight prominences on the seventh, tenth, and twelfth
segments, and on the sides of the eighth.

108

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June.

It feeds on the alder, the birch, &c.

ENNOMOS TILIARIA.

CANARY THORN.

Plate XVIII. Figure 9.

This insect measures about an inch and a half across.

Male: fore wings a mixture of very deep yellow and
rich brown, first line dark brown and slightly bent near
the upper margin, second line also dark brown and
curved.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Bris¬
tol, Hammersmith, Birkenhead, Cambridge, Darlington,
Lewisham, Lewes, Sudbury, Preston, Brighton, Dumfries,
Exeter, Lymington, Plymouth, Wavendon, Manchester,
Stowmarket.

The perfect insect appears at the end of August and
in September.

The caterpillar is brown mottled with darker brown
and grey, with irregular streaks of pale buff, and with
prominences on the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and
tenth segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June.

It feeds on the birch, the oak, the lime, the alder, &c.

This species comes to a light.

109

ENNOMOS FUSCANTARIA.

Plate XVIII. Figure 10.

This insect measures about an inch, and a half or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish inclining to brown
towards the lower margin, the first line is brown and
nearly straight, the second line slightly waved, the two
meeting at the lower edge, the central spot pale brown.

Localities for this species are York, Lewisham, Birken¬
head, Lewes, Ipswich, Bristol, Marlow, Halton, Wor¬
cester, Stowmarket, Barnstaple, Darlington, Newnham,
Crewe, Plymouth, Manchester, Tenterden, Worthing, See.

The perfect insect appears at the end of August and
in September.

The caterpillar is green or yellowish-green, with a red¬
dish-brown band on the third, sixth, and ninth segments,
and two spots of the same colour on the hindmost one.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June.

It feeds on the ash and the privet.

This species also comes to a light.

ENNOMOS EROSARIA.

SEPTEMBER THORN.

Plate XIX. Figure 1.

This insect measures about an inch and a half or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish,the first line dark brown
and a little bent near the upper edge, the second line also

dark brown and slightly waved. Hind wings similar in
colour, with, in some specimens, an indistinct central line.

This is rather a variable insect in the depth of the
ground colour and markings.

Localities for this species are York, Stowmarket,
Lewes, Sherwood Forest, Lewisham, Birkenhead, Sud¬
bury, Black Park, Barnstaple, Worthing, Manchester,
Brighton, Bristol, Lymington, Tenterden.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears at the end of August and
in September.

The caterpillar is greyish mottled with brown, with
prominences on the third, sixth, eighth, ninth, and twelfth
segments, and on the sides of the seventh.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the oak, the birch, &c.

ENNOMOS ANGUI.ARIi.

AUGUST THORN.

Plata XIX. Figure 2.

This insect measures about an inch and a half or a
little over in width.

Male: fore wings yellowish, more or less tinged with
pale brown or reddish, the first line, which is brown,
is bent near the upper edge, the second line, which
is also brown, less bent, and a darker shade proceeds
from thence to the outer edge of the wing. The central
spot is only faintly indicated. Hind wings similar in
colour to the fore ones, with a faint line across them.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Ex¬
eter, Plymouth, Stowmarket, Kingsbury, Bristol, Lewes,

Plate HI

Ill

Newnham, Manchester, Pembury, Worthing, Lymington,
Lower Guiting, Halton, Brighton.

The perfect insect appears in August and September.

The caterpillar is grey shaded with brown, with promi¬
nences on the sixth, seventh, and ninth segments, the two
former having them on the sides also, and two on the
twelfth segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June

It feeds on the oak, &c.

HIMERA PENNARIA.

FEATHERED THORN. OCTOBER MOTH.

Plate XIX. Figure 3.

This insect measures more than an inch and three
quarters across.

Male: fore wings pale reddish-brown with a tinge of
grey; the first line, which is dark blackish-brown followed
on the outside edge by a streak of a pale shade, is rather
bent; the second line much less so. The central spot
blackish-brown, and there is a white spot near the outer
corner. Hind wings rather paler in colour. The antennae
are very widely pectinated.

Female: fore wings paler than in the male, but the
markings are similar, except that there is no white mark
at the outer corner. Hind wings also paler, with a dark
central dot.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Hud¬
dersfield, Rawmarsh, Buttercrambe Moor, Lower Guiting,
Darlington, Manchester, Edinburgh, Stowmarket, Lewes,
Lymington, Darenth Wood, Sidmouth, Plymouth, Black

112

Park, Horndean, Birkenhead, Brighton, Exeter, Halton,
Worcester, Newnham, Kingsbury, Cambridge, Bristol.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in October and November.

The caterpillar is pale greyish-brown with irregular
white and brownish-black markings along the back, the
last segment but one with two short red spines or promi¬
nences, and the front ones with red patches on the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

It feeds on the oak, &c.

AMPHIDASYDiE.

PHIGALIA PILOSARIA.

PALE BRINDLED BEAUTY.

Plate XIX. Figure 4.

This insect measures from an inch and a half to nearly
two inches in width.

Male: fore wings pale greenish-grey, first line a darker
hue of the same, much curved and waved, second line
also much bent, and between them is a central line of
a like character running through the central spot which
is indistinct, and outside the second a third but straighter
and less decisively apparent line. In some specimens
all these lines are almost wholly wanting. Hind wings
also greenish-grey but paler in colour, with a waved
dusky line across, and traces of another, or part of
another, near the lower edge.

The female is without wings.

113

Localities for this species, which is rather common, are
York,Londesborough, Scarborough, Huddersfield,Lewes,
Darlington, Bristol, Lyndhurst, Brighton, Stowmarket,
Falmouth, Emsworth, Worthing, Exeter, Dunham Park,
Tor wood, Edinburgh, Halton, Kingsbury, Manchester,
Birkenhead, Newnham.

The situations where it is found are lane sides, &c.

The perfect insect appears in January, February, and
March.

The caterpillar is a mixture of brown, reddish-brown,
yellowish, and black, the head, tail, and legs, rusty red.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May
and June.

It feeds on the oak, the whitethorn, &c.

NYSSIA ZONARIA.

BELTED BEAUTY.

Plate XIX. Figure 5.

This insect measures about an inch or a little over in
expanse.

Male: fore wings greyish-white, with three streaks of
brown, each within the other, following the outer margin,
and other streaks running from the innermost of them to
the inner corner from the upper to the lower margin.
Hind wings marked much in the same way, but much less
decisively. The body is crossed with narrow pale rings.

The female is without wings.

. Localities for this species are the Isle of Skye, Black
Rock, &c. near Liverpool, Birkenhead, and New Brighton.

VOL. i. i

114

The situations where it is found are sandy places on the
margin of tidal rivers.

The perfect insect appears in February, March, and
April, and again in June and July.

The caterpillar is green more or less dark, mottled with
whitish, with a pale yellow stripe on each side, and a
small black eye-like spot on the hindmost segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the yarrow (Achillea millefolid), and other
low plants.

NYSSIA HISPIDAKIA.

SMALL BRINDLED BEAUTY.

Plate XIX. Figure 6.

This insect measures from one inch and a quarter to
a little over in width.

Male: fore wings dark greenish grey tinged with more
or less of dull yellowish, the first line of a darker shade
slightly curved, the second line still darker and more
waved and bent, with between the two a central line of
the same. Hind wings similar in colour but rather lighter,
with a streak across.

Localities for this species are Sandal Beat near Doncas¬
ter, Scarborough, Huddersfield, Manchester, Lyndhurst,
Dunham Park.

The situations where it is found are woods, on the
trunks of oaks and other trees.

115

The perfect insect appears in January, February,
March, and April, and also in September.

The caterpillar is greyish-brown, spotted with orange
marks and raised dots.

It feeds on the elm and the oak.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

BISTON HIKTARIA.

BRINDIED BEAUTY.

Plate XIX. Figure 7.

This insect measures one inch and three quarters or
a little over in extent.

Male: fore wings greenish grey-brown, the first line
darker and widely shaded, the second of a similar colour
enclosing a central line which runs through the central
spot which is dark brown, but sometimes wanting. Hind
wings paler but otherwise similar, with a few dark marks
running in from the inner edge, and a dark central spot.
The antennae are feathered but not quite to the tip.

Female: fore wings more transparent, the lines often
almost wanting. Hind wings also paler and more trans¬
parent and with more or less of a dull yellow tinge, and
traces of two lines across.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Falmouth,
Canterbury, Cambridge, Kingsbury, Stowmarket, Exeter,
and London.

The perfect insect appears in April.

The caterpillar, which is very variable, is of a general
greenish-brown colour, with a pale yellow interrupted line

116

along the sides, and yellowish spots indicating another
below the back on the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and
tenth segments, and greyish markings and pale stripes.
There are two small prominences on the twelfth segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is from
the end of June to the beginning of July, and on to
August.

It feeds on the elm, the lime, the privet, &c.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

AMPHIDASIS PRODROMARIA.

OAK BEAUTY.

Plate XIX. Figure 8.

This insect measures from rather over an inch and a
half to two inches, or even more, in width.

Male: fore wings greyish-white much frosted with
black, first line blackish, rather bent and bordered on its
inner side by a broad band of reddish-brown; second line
blackish, more waved, and followed on its outside by a
broad band of reddish brown, the central spot blackish.
Hind wings greyish-brown, with two waved streaks
across. The antennse are pectinated to the tip.

Localities for this species are York, Huddersfield, Scar¬
borough, Plymouth, Brighton, Bristol, Halton, Sandal
Beat near Doncaster, Maidstone, Shooters Hill, Newnham,
Cambridge, Manchester, Darlington, Exeter, Lyndhurst,
Lewisham, Darenth Wood, Dunham Park, Stowmarket,
Barnstaple, Lewes.

The situations where it is found are oak woods.

117

The perfect insect appears in March and the beginning
of April.

The caterpillar is of a marbled appearance, greyish-
brown with darker markings and white dots of different
sizes, and two small reddish prominences on the eighth,
ninth, and twelfth segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June, July, and August.

It feeds on the oak, the birch, &c.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

AMFHIDASIS BETULAKJA.

PEPPEK MOTH. PEPPEK-AND-SAI/T MOTH.

Plate XIX. Figure 9.

This insect measures from a little over an inch and a
half to nearly two inches and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings white speckled all over, more or less
darkly, some specimens being almost black, with black
dots, and occasionally indications of the first and second
line, inclosing a central line, longer or shorter, from the
upper margin. Central spot black. Hind wings white,
speckled all over with black dots, and with two black lines
—a short and a long one—running inwards from the lower
corner, more or less distinctly in different individuals.

Localities for this species, which is rather common
throughout the country, are Bromsgrove, Stoke Prior,
York, Sandal Beat near Doncaster, Beverley, Swinhope,
Nunburnholme, &c.

ft™*- •

118

The situations where it is found are woods and gardens.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is variable in colour, brown more or less
tinged with darker brown, yellowish, or green, with paler
stripes and two whitish prominences on the ninth and
twelfth segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the elm, the oak, the birch, the poplar, &c.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

BOAEMDXE.

HEMEROPHILA ABRUPTARIA.

BARK MOTH. WAVED UMBER.

Plate XIX. Figure 10.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and a
half to a little over that measurement in width.

Male: fore wings pale brownish-yellow, with a narrow
reddish-brown streak along the upper edge, and a wide
dark patch of the same within the outer margin, narrowing
to the outer corner. Central spot black. Hind wings
pale brownish-yellow with numerous slender streaks of
reddish-brown and one wide bar of the same across, with
a fainter one within it. The antennse are pectinated
nearly to the tip.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, San¬
dal Beat near Doncaster, Birkenhead, Tenterden, Lewes,

119

Stowmarket, Newnham, Wandsworth, Brighton, Exeter,
Nunburnholme, Bromsgrove, Bristol, Kingsbury, Cam¬
bridge, Darlington, &c.

The situations where it is found are woods and gardens.

The perfect insect appears at the end of April, in
May, and on to the beginning of June.

The caterpillar is blackish-brown with a whitish band
before the second segment, and prominences on the sixth
and twelfth.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July.

It feeds on the lilac, &c.

The chrysalis is found attached to the stem of the tree,
enclosed in a tough web.

CLEORA VIDUAR1A.

SPECKLED BEAUTY.

Plate XX. Figure 1.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to a
little over that width, or nearly an inch and a half across.

Male: fore wings whitish more or less varied with grey
and dusted with black atoms; the first line is black and
bent, the second line also black, bent and waved; the
central shade not so dark. Hind wings with a row of
dusky spots across the middle. The antennae are pecti¬
nated nearly to the tip.

Localities for this species are near Ambleside, Rydal,
Brighton, and Lyndhurst in the New Forest.

The situations where it is found are woody places.

The perfect insect appears in June.

120

CLEORA GLABRARIA.

DOTTED CARPET.

Plate XX. Figure 2.

This insect measures a little over an inch in expanse,
to nearly an inch and a quarter.

Male: fore wings whitish, finely irrorated with black,
first line black and slightly bent, second line also blackish
and followed by another shaded off between it and the
outer margin. Central spot blackish, and from it a
blackish patch runs up to the upper margin, on which
are four dark dots. Hind wings with a blackish central
spot, and an indistinct streak across the middle. The
antennse are pectinated nearly to the tip.

Localities for this species are Lyndhurst in the New
Forest, Edinburgh, Carlisle, and Clovelly.

The situations where it is found are wooded places.

The perfect insect appears in the month of July.

The caterpillar is greenish-white, with a prominence
and black spot on the top of each segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May, June, and July.

It feeds on lichens appertaining to fir trees.

The chrysalis is found among moss, or attached to
bark in a slight cocoon.

121

CLEORA LICHEN ARIA.

LICHEN MOTH.

Plate XX. Figure 3.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to one
and a quarter in width.

Male: fore wings a mixture of greenish white and grey,
the first line black and slightly bent, the second line more
distinct in some specimens than in others, very much bent
and also indented especially on the middle part. Central
spot black, but sometimes wanting, or only faintly visible.
The outer margin spotted with black. Hind wings rather
paler greenish-white and grey, with an indented black
line across below the middle, and another similar one
within the outer margin. Central spot dark, but not very
visible. The antennae are pectinated to the tip.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Lower
Guiting, Barnstaple, Pembury, Faversham, Cambridge,
Charmouth, Exeter, Lewes, Darlington, Halton, Tenter-
den, Nunburnholme, Lyndhurst, Kingsbury, Stowmarket,
Black Park, West Looe, Worthing, Worcester, Manchester.

The situations where it is found are woods, gardens,
and hedgei'ows.

The perfect insect appears about the end of July.

The caterpillar is greyish or greenish, with numerous
prominences on the back, and black markings.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and May.

It feeds on lichens, on the elm, the poplar, &c.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a slight cocoon, and is
to be found attached to the bark or moss on the tree.

122

B0ARM1A REPANDARIA.

MOTTLED BEAUTY.

Plate XX. Figure 4.

This insect, which is a very variable one both in size,
general colour, and markings, measures from an inch and
a half to an inch and three quarters across.

Male: fore wings pale brown-grey, much mottled toge¬
ther. The first line blackish-brown and considerably bent,
the second line also blackish-brown and much bent, edged
on its outside with dull yellowish-brown. The central spot
black, sometimes joining a blackish-brown patch running
down from the upper margin in the way of a central line.
There is also a partial third line, much indented, and
edged on its outside with white in some specimens, and a
narrow indented and interrupted line of black along the
outer margin. Hind wings pale brown-grey, with a black¬
ish-brown line across the middle, and another whitish one,
very much indented, between it and the outer margin,
along which is a narrow indented line of black.

Localities for this species, which is extremely common,
especially in the south, [are York, Black Park, West
Looe, Charmouth, &c.

The situations where it is found are hedgerows, gardens,
and woods.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is yellowish-grey spotted with black,
with small prominences and a dull yellowish-white line
on the back, and another on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
April and May.

Jcjtro. /*'. U/T.

i2a

It feeds on the bramble, the birch, the sloe, the spin¬
dle, &c.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

BOARMIA RHOMBOID ARIA.

WILLOW BEAUTY.

Plate XX. Figure 5.

This insect, which is another very variable one, mea¬
sures from an inch and a half to one and three quarters
in expanse.

Male: fore wings brownish-grey, mottled with darker.
The first line blackish-brown and a little bent, the second
line also blackish-brown and a little bent near the upper
margin, central line indistinct, central spot blackish-brown,
third line also indistinct, nearly following the outer margin.
Hind wings also brownish-grey with two thin dentated
lines across, and another within the outer margin near the
lower corner.

Localities for this species, which is very common all
over the country, especially in the south, are York, and to
the Cumbraes in Scotland.

The situations where it is found are lanes, hedge-sides,
and woods.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is brownish or yellowish-grey, with small
prominences and a row of spots of a darker shade along
the back, and a greyish-yellow line on the sides.

/ U tcUf_ JlsL cP. /gc>s:. //)

124

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and October.

It feeds on the oak, the plum, and other trees.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

BOARMIA ABIETARIA.

ENGRAILED. SATIN BEAUTY.

Plate XX. Figure 6.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
three quarters to two inches in expanse.

Male: fore wings blackish grey, the first line black and
curved, the second line also black, bent and indented.
Central spot black. Hind wings brownish at the base,
with an obscure spot near the centre, beyond which is an
indistinct curved line across, dark on its inner and light
on its outer edge.

The female is paler, and the grey has a tinge of pale
orange.

Localities for this species are Black Park, Lyndhurst,
Lower Guiting, Pembury, Wavendon, and Dumbarton.

The situations where it is found are wooded places.

The perfect insect appears at the beginning of July.

The caterpillar is reddish-grey, the back paler and with
small prominences, below it an interrupted black line, and
on the sides, beneath it again, a yellowish one.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the fir.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

koM* ftj !Cj03- TUj if.

125

BOARMIA CINCTARIA.

RINGED CARPET.

Plate XX. Figure 7.

This insect, which is also a variable one, measures
from an inch and a quarter to nearly one and a half
in width.

Male: fore wings whitish-grey, the first line blackish
brown and bent, the second line also blackish, bent and
indented, the third line whitish and jagged. The central
spot whitish edged with brown. The body has a white
band or belt at the base. Hind wings whitish-grey, with
several slender dark streaks and a central spot.

Localities for this species are the Isle of Man, Lynd-
hurst, the New Forest, Brighton, and Dalmally.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is dark brown, with small prominences
and a row of whitish marks along the back from the fifth
to the eighth segment, through which runs a brown line.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

The caterpillar feeds on the heath f Calluna vulgaris).

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

BOARMIA ROBORARIA.

GREAT OAK BEAUTY.

Plate XX. Figure 8.

This fine insect measures from a little over two inches
to nearly two and a half in width.

126

Male: fore wings light grey, dusted with blackish brown
dots and small marks, the first line blackish-brown but
indistinct, second line also blackish-brown but indistinct,
slightly bent and jagged near the central line, third line
a band of pale brown, followed within the outer margin
by another double blackish-brown line, but all these lines
are variable in some individuals. Hind wings light grey,
with several streaks, three principal ones, and an eye-
mark in the centre.

Localities for this species are Lyndhurst in the New
Forest, Manchester, Black Park, Worcester, Lewes, West
Wickham, Tenterden.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June and in
July.

The caterpillar is greyish-brown, with small prominen¬
ces, some brown lines and pale dots, a line on the sides
spotted with black and white, and another whitish one
below.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September, and again in May.

It feeds on the oak and the fieech.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

MtAo&y t**}- /f. f&X

BOARMIA CONSORTARIA.

PARE OAK BEAUTY.

Plate XX. Figure 9.

This insect measures from an inch and three quarters
to two inches in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey dusted with blackish-brown
dots and small marks, the first line brownish and

127

rather bent, the second line much bent, joining a central
line of brownish, beyond it is a third band of pale brown¬
ish, and within the outer margin two grey jagged lines,
and a row of black dots. Hind wings greyish-white
crossed by three streaks, the middle one widened in
some specimens, and with an eye-shaped spot in the
centre.

Localities for this species are DarenthWood, Brighton,
Pembury, and Lyndhurst in the Hew Forest.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is pale greyish-brown, with small promi¬
nences, and dark lead-coloured dots and marks.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the poplar, the willow, and the oak.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

If y \ ^ (aj S3. /<?

TEPHROSIA CONSONARIA.

SQUARE SPOT.

Plate XXI. Figure 1.

This insect measures an inch and a half or a little
over in width.

Male: fore wings greyish brown-white dusted with pale
brownish, the first line brownish and slightly waved, the
second line incomplete, blackish, and slightly waved;
between them is an indistinct central line of pale brown¬
ish, and the outer margin is dotted. Hind wings greyish
brown-white, crossed with brownish streaks.

ti. iSfff. ft)

128

Localities for this species are Faversham, Worthing,
Pembury, Halton, Brighton, Birch Wood, Worcester,
Bowness, Wavendon, Stowmarket, Darsley, Black Park,
Lyndhurst, Barnstaple.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears the beginning of May, and
in June and July.

The caterpillar is reddish-grey, with several black lines
along it, and two small prominences on the twelfth
segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the beech.

The chrysalis is found among moss.

TEPHROSIA CREPtJ SCU LARI A.

SMALL ENGRAILED.

Plate XXI. Figure 2.

This insect, which is very variable, some being much
darker and smaller than others, measures from a little
under an inch and a half to nearly one inch and three
quarters in width.

Male: fore wings pale greyish, more or less tinged with
a dull yellowish tint and freckled with brownish: the first
line brown, sometimes only traceable bv three brown or
blackish-brown spots; the second line black, slightly
waved, and slanting inwards to rather within the middle
of the lower margin; third line blackish-brown, waved

129

and indented, and frequently much interrupted. The
outer margin is dotted with black. Hind wings pale grey
crossed with two or three black streaks slightly waved,
and bordered within the outer margin with a waved line
of dots.

Localities for this species are Stockton near York, Scar-
borough,Darlington,Brighton,Eltham,Tenterden, Lewes,

Bristol, Manchester, Faversham, Horndean, West Looe,

Newnham, Lyndhurst, Pembury, Worthing, Swinhope, Jr vif v

Halton, Glasgow, Plymouth. /$ J ,-

The situations where it is found are fir and other woods,
where it is to be seen at rest on the trunks of trees in the
day-time.

The perfect insect appears at the end of March, and in
April, May, June, and July.

The caterpillar is reddish or buff-black, the back darker
than the sides, which have a black line along them, and
on the sixth and seventh segment is a black cross line.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the larch, the willow, the poplar, the elm,
and the alder.

The chrysalis is found among moss.

TEPHROSIA EXTEESAEIA.

BRINDLED WHITE SPOT.

Plate XXI. Figure 3.

This insect measures from a little over one inch and a
quarter to nearly an inch and a half in expanse.

VOL. i.

130

Male: fore wings whitish-grey much speckled and sprin¬
kled with brown, the first line double and blackish-brown;
second line black, with a long pale whitish patch at its
lower end, and in some specimens forming a pale central
shade, the two enclosing a central line also brownish and
curved, the central spot blackish-brown ; and the third
line with a smaller whitish patch beyond its middle part.
Hind wings whitish-grey, with a black line followed by a
brown shade running partly across from the outer edge,
and another thin waved line along the outer margin.

Localities for this species are Stowe Wood, Darenth
Wood, Lewes, Pembury, Black Park, Brighton, Worthing,
Stowmarket, West Looe, Worcester, Bristol, and Lynd-
hurst in the New Forest.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is pale grey, clouded with reddish-brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the birch.

The chrysalis is found among moss.

TEPHROSIA PUNCTULARIA.

GREY BIRCH MOTH.

Plate XXI. Figure 4.

This insect measures from an inch to an inch and a
quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale grey speckled with darker grey.
The first line is blackish-brown springing from a distinct

Irtyfuq c ; CfxJ.3^, JUj it /tf?.
lU, 'be*. 21 ' /Sff.

. tytCf 2 i, /ffi..

OtsltfT ' hdg 37 HfOi'.

131

blackish spot on the upper margin; second line also black¬
ish-brown and coming from a blackish spot; central line
blackish-brown most distinct at the upper margin; but
all of these are frequently only partially continued across
the wing. Hind wings pale grey crossed by a faint dusky
line, and with a few dusky marks.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Bris¬
tol, Pembury, Lyndhurst, Plymouth, Worthing, Brighton,
Newnham, Lewes, Manchester.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and the early part
of June.

The caterpillar is of a reddish colour, with white spots
on the second, third, and fourth segments, and larger
marks on the others.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the birch and the alder.

The chrysalis is found among moss.

GNOPHOS OBSCURARIA.

DARK ANNULET. BROWN ANNULET.

Plate XXI. Figure 5.

This insect, some individuals of which are much darker
than others, measures from a little over an inch and a
quarter to an inch and a half in width.

Male: fore wings blackish-grey; the first line a darker
shade and nearly straight; second line also darker, a little
waved and much jagged; central line only partly con¬
tinued. Hind wings blackish-grey, with a central dark
spot pale in the middle.

^^ ■ i j

132

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Edinburgh,
West Looe, Brighton, Farnham, Barnstaple, Birken¬
head, Parley Heath, Lyndhurst, the New Forest, Lewes,
Yentnor, Charmouth, Portland, Lanferras, Bath, Exeter,
Plymouth, Bristol, Matlock.

The situations where it is found are hedge sides, &c.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is dull grey with a whitish line along
the back on the front of each segment, and edged with
dark grey. There are two small prominences on the
twelfth segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
April and May.

It feeds on the Rock Rose (Heliathemum vulgare),
the Salad Burnet (Poterium sanguisorbaJ , and different
grasses, and hides itself during the day-time under
stones, &c.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

DASYDIA OBFUSCAUIA.

Plate XXI. Figure 6.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to
an inch and three quarters in width.

Male: fore wings dark grey with a tinge of green; the
first line is darker grey and slightly bent; second line
dark grey slightly bent and jagged on the edge; the
central spot also dark grey, but paler in the middle.

Localities for this species are Oban, Inverness, Inver,
Sutherland, Arran, Rannoch, and Ardrossan,

^ /C j. . /

133

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is bluish-grey, with a slanted dark grey
streak on each segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May?
It feeds on the broom (Genista tinctoria), the vetch
( Vicia Cracca), See.

PSODOS TREP1DARIA.

BLACK MOUNTAIN MOTH.

Plate XXI. Figure 7.

This insect measures from a little under an inch to about
an inch in width.

Male: fore wings dark blackish-grey glossed with dull
bronze, the first line brownish-black and jagged; the
second line also brownish-black waved and much narrowed
inwards towards the base of the former; central shade
darker than the remainder; central spot black and placed
near the upper margin, the outer margin bordered with
a thin black line. Hind wings blackish-grey, with indi¬
cations of spots and two cross darker lines, and a slender
line of black round the outer margin, bordered again
with a pale edge.

Localities for this species are at and about Kannoch.

The situations where it is found are the highest parts
of mountains.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June and in
July.

134

MNIOPHILA CINERARIA.

Plate XXI. Figure 8.

This insect measures rather under an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey; the first line dark grey and
bent; second line also rather dark grey and jagged; central
spot dark grey. Hind wings grey; the antennae are pec¬
tinated.

A locality for this species is Tenby.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is variously dull greenish, grey, or
whitish grey, with a paler line along the back, widened
out on each segment, and followed underneath it by
another blackish line.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May
and June.

It feeds on lichens.

The chrysalis is wrapped in a web among lichens.

BOLETOBIML

BOLETOBIA FULIGINARIA.

WAVED BLACK.

Plate XXI. Figure 9.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.
Male: fore wings blackish; the first line yellowish and
curved; second line yellow, curved, and indented, with a

135

pale yellowish patch on its inner side; third line yellow¬
ish and indented, central spot black. The antennae are
pectinated.

Localities for this species are London and Chelsea.

The situations where it is found are buildings in which
there is old timber.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is dull blackish, with raised reddish
spots covered with bristles.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July.

It feeds on the lichens and fungi which grow on de¬
cayed wood.

The chrysalis is found under the ground.

GEOMETRIDJE.

PSEUDOPTERPNA CYTISARIA.

GRASS EMERALD.

Plate XXI. Figure 10.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to
nearly one inch and three quarters in expanse.

Male: pale dull green; the first line dark greenish-grey,
nearly straight across, but somewhat waved; second
line also dark greenish-grey, indented and bent; third line
whitish, but sometimes hardly visible; central spot dull
green, but very indistinct. Hind wings paler dull green,
crossed with a whitish line behind a darker one, following
some way within the outer margin. The antennae are
slightly pectinated.

Xj uL^ r. it /ffr {>■)

136

Localities for this species are Stockton and other places
near York, Ipswich, Dorking, Exeter, Brighton, the Isle
of Wight, Cambridge, Birkenhead, Kingsbury, Lynton,
Bristol, Lyndhurst, Worthing, Pembury, Darlington,
West Looe, Manchester, Luss, Barnstaple.

The situations where it is found are heaths and
commons.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is rather dark green, with a darker line
along the back, a paler one below it, and one on the
sides of a pale pink colour.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the broom (Genista tinctoria and Genista
anglica).

The chrysalis is surrounded with a web placed among
leaves.

GEOMETRA PAPILIONARIA.

LARGE EMERALD.

Plate XXI. Figure 11.

This very fine insect measures from a little under two
inches to more than two and a quarter across.

Male: fore wings green; the first line which is waved
is whitish but indistinct; second line also whitish, in¬
dented, and curved, but not extending to the upper
margin; third line indicated by a very faint row of white
spots. Hind wings green, crossed with a dotted whitish
line, followed by another of dots of the same colour.
The antennae are slightly pectinated

d . JZl . (i)

/UftUC - /foir. 7U, <f. (/J

137

Localities for this species are Selby, Buttercrambe
Moor, Huddersfield, Scarborough, York, Plymouth, Nun-
burnholme, Charmouth, Barnstaple, Sherwood Forest,
Carlisle, Cambridge, Birch Wood, Bristol, West Wickham,
Lewes, Maidstone, Brighton, Killarney, Exeter, Dorking,
Lyndhurst, Newnham, Horndean, Preston, Manchester,
Pembury, Malvern, Stowmarket, Northleach, Tenter den,
Sudbury, Worthing.

The situations where it is found are woods and lanes.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is green with prominences tipped with
red on the second, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth seg¬
ments, a red line on the back on the tenth, eleventh, and
twelfth, and a yellowish line on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June, August and September.

It feeds on the nut, the birch, the beech, &c.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon among leaves.

GEOMETRA SMARAGDARIA.

ESSEX EMERALD.

Plate XXII. Figure 1.

This insect measures from a little over an inch and
a quarter to one and a half in width.

Male: fore wings rich green inclining to dull yellow on
the upper margin; the first line is whitish and waved;
second line also white and waved; central spot white.
Hind wing« green, paler at the inner corner. The antennee
are slightly pectinated.

138

Localities for this species are Southchurch, Southend,
St. Osyth, and Deal,

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is greyish-brown, with prominences on
the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is at the
end of May and beginning of June.

The chrysalis is placed in a cocoon among moss.

NEMORIA VIRIDATA.

SMALL GRASS EMERALD.

Plate XXII. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little over three quarters
of an inch to about one inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings green sometimes more or less tinged
with yellowish; the first line is whitish but indistinct and
curved; second line nearly straight and whitish.

Localities for this species are Morecambe, Lancaster,
Worcester, Lyndhurst in the New Forest, and Barnstaple.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is dull reddish-yellow with a darker line
along the back, and two points on the top of the second
segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the bramble and the whitethorn.

The chrysalis is found between leaves.

139

IODIS VEEKARIA.

SMALL EMERALD.

Plate XXII. Figure 3.

This insect measures from a little over an inch and a
quarter to about an inch and a half in width.

Male: fore wings pale green, the first line whitish hut
rather indistinct and curved, second line also whitish,
nearly straight, but a little bent near the upper margin.
Hind wings with one slender white streak bent in the
middle near the outer part. The antennae are pectinated.

Localities for this species are Black Park, Brighton,
Lewes, Stowmarket, Bristol, Sudbury, Newnham, Waven-
don. Worthing, Cambridge.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is green, with a white line on either
side of the back, and another on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the clematis (Clematis vitalbaJ.

The chrysalis is placed in a cocoon among leaves.

IODIS LACTEARIA.

LEAST EMERALD.

Plate XXII. Figure 4

This insect measures from a little under an inch to
an inch in width.

Male: fore wings most delicate very pale green; first
line whitish but scarcely visible; second line also whitish

140

and equally indistinct. Hind wings most delicate very
pale green.

Localities for this species are York, Buttercrambe Moor,
Scarborough, Huddersfield, Glasgow, Cambridge, Exeter,
Manchester, Faversham,Barnstaple, Lower Guiting, Blean
Wood near Canterbury, Halton, Brighton, Stowmarket,
Charlton, Newnham, Plymouth, Bristol, Tenterden, Lewes,
Worthing, Darlington, Lyndhurst, Birkenhead, Kings¬
bury.

The situations where it is found are woods and hedge
sides.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May, in June,
and the beginning of July.

The caterpillar is yellowish-green, with a reddish-brown
line along the back interrupted on each segment; head
reddish-brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the birch.

The chrysalis is placed in a cocoon among leaves.

PHOEODESMA BAJTJLARIA.

BLOTCHED EMERALD.

Plate XXII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to one
and a quarter across.

Male: fore wings green; the first line is waved and
whitish; second line also whitish and waved ending in a con¬
spicuous blot of very pale dull yellowish-brown, surround¬
ing a rather pale reddish-brown mark; the upper margin
is pale dull yellowish-brown. Hind wings green, edged

141

with a pale yellowish-brown indented border enlarged into
a blot at the outer and lower corners. The antennee are
slightly pectinated.

Localities for this species are York, Nunburnholme,
Linwood near Market Rasen, Black Park, Bromsgrove,
Brighton, Bristol, Stowmarket, Pembury, Arundel, Wor¬
cester, Worthing, Tenterden, Lyndhurst, and the New
Forest.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is pale brown, with prominences of a
lighter shade on the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth
segments. The head dull reddish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.

It feeds on the oak.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a slight web attached to
leaves, lichens, &c.

HEMITHEA THYMIARIA.

COMMON EMERALD.

Plate XXII. Figure 6.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to one
and a quarter across.

Male: fore wings rather dull green; the first line is
whitish and bent; second line also whitish, bent, and
waved, and lined with a darker shade of green on its
inside,—the fringes pale dull yellowish and indented or
nicked with pale dull reddish-brown, forming a line of
small spots. Hind wings dull green, crossed with a waved
kttynd .. u. /?oi, /i.)

142

•whitish, streak,—the fringes pale dull yellowish, indented
with pale dull reddish-brown. The antennae are slightly
pectinated.

Localities for this species are York, Lyndhurst, Barn¬
staple, Charlton, Kingsbury, Bristol, Poynings, Brighton,
Exeter, Lower Guiting, West Rasen, Halton, Worthing,
Nunburnholme, Stowmarket, Plymouth, Newnham, Pem-
bury, Manchester, Lewes, Birkenhead, Cambridge, &c.

The situations where it is found are woods and hedge
sides.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is yellowish-green; the first, second,
and third segments brownish, the fifth, sixth, seventh,
eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth, with a black
spot; the head brownish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.

It feeds on the oak and the whitethorn.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a web among leaves.

EPHYRIDJE.

EPHYRA POEATA.

FALSE MOCHA.

Plate XXII. Figure 7.

This insect, which is very variable in its colour and
markings, measures a little over an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale reddish-buff freckled with dark
grey and reddish-brown; the first line, which is composed
of a row of dark grey dots, is slightly bent; second line

143

also a row of dots and waved; central spot white, sur¬
rounded by a black rim, outside which the central shade
is pale grey. Hind wings pale reddish-buff with a streak
of dark dots near the inner corner, a white central spot
surrounded with dusky, and followed by a curved purple
brown bar, succeeded by another curved row of dark
dots, and the outer corner often shaded with purple.

Localities for this species are Dulwich, Barnstaple,
Faversham, Manchester, Poynings, Brighton, Tenterden,
Ipswich, Lewes, Bognor, Pembury, Exeter, Bristol.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

The caterpillar, which is very variable, is dull green-
brownish, or yellowish-red, more or less mottled, with the
last segment red; head red.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and September.

It feeds on the oak and other forest trees.

The chrysalis is affixed, like those of the butterflies, by
a thread of silk at the tail, and another round the body.

EPHYRA PUNCTARIA.

Plate XXII. Figure 8.

This insect, which is another variable one in colour
and markings, measures a little over an inch in width.

Male: fore wings pale dull reddish-buff thickly dusted
with reddish-brown and dusky specks and with an indis¬
tinct row of dots near the inner corner; the first line only

144

a few dots; the central line slightly waved and dusky
reddish-brown; third line also somewhat waved, composed
in like manner of a row of faint dots; the border of the
wings a slight dark line. Hind wings pale dull reddish-
buff crossed by a continuation, when the wings are ex¬
tended, of the central reddish-brown line, with a few
faint dots, and within the fringe is a thin dark line.

. 'w J Localities for this species are York, Brighton, Birken-

, /3. head, Tenterden, Worthing, Exeter, Stowmarket, Bristol,
4 Cambridge, Pembury, Manchester,Newnham,Lyndhurst,

Lewes.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in
August.

The caterpillar is green or yellowish-green, crossed with
slanting pale yellow bands.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June
and September.

It feeds on the oak.

The chrysalis is attached by a thread at the tail, and
another round the body.

EPHYRA TRILINEARIA..

CLAY TRIPLE LINE.

Plate XXII. Figure 9.

This insect measures rather more than one inch across.
Male: fore wings dull reddish-yellow; the first line is
pale grey, dotted with a darker dusky colour and somewhat

145

bent; second line also pale grey and slightly bent; central
line, which is broader than the others, dark reddish-grey,
and placed nearer the second line than the first; central
spot white, but not very distinct. Hind wings dull
reddish-yellowcrossed by threelines of a dark dusky colour.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Newnham,
Lewes, Brighton, Black Park, Dursley, Norbury Park, ify
Manchester, Pembury, Lyndhurst, Halton.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

The caterpillar is of a general reddish-brown colour,
with yellow markings.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June (?) and September.

It feeds on the beech.

The chrysalis is affixed by a thread at the tail, and
another round the body.

EPHYRA OMICRONARIA.

MOCHA.

Plate XXII. Figure 10.

This pretty insect measures from a little over three
quarters of an inch to about an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings very pale yellowish or buff-white; the
first line, which is rather dark yellowish-brown, is much
waved; second line also brown, waved, and indented, with
a broad border of yellowish-brown; third line a paler
shade of the same; central spot a ring of yellowish-brown
like an O, whence the specific name. Hind wings pale
yellowish or buff-white, crossed near the inner corner by a

VOL. i. l

/&. >£ 4 ". 3- qn . / a )

146

brown line, on the middle by a broad band of the same,
followed by a third and rather paler one, and this by a line
within the outer margin; central spot a ring of brown on
the inner side of, and adjoining the broad band.

Localities for this species are York, Bristol, Pembury,
Lewes, Stowmarket, Alfred’s Well and the Ban-Dan
Woods near Bromsgrove, Halton, Barnstaple, Arundel,
Brighton, Sudbury, Cambridge, Manchester, Lyndhurst,
Lower Guiting, Tenterden, Worthing.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

The caterpillar is green, somewhat mottled, with a pale
yellow line on the back, and another on each side beneath
it.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and September.

It feeds on the maple.

The chrysalis is attached by a thread at the tail, and
another placed round the body.

EPHYRA ORBICULARIA.

DINGY MOCHA.

Plate XXII. Figure 11.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings rather pale greyish-brown, mottled
with paler grey; first line waved and of a darker brown;
second line of like colour sweeping inwards and then bent;
third line a series of darker dots, followed by a shade of
the same within the outer margin; central spot a rim of
brown. Hind wings rather pale greyish brown mottled

147

with paler, and crossed by a line of rather darker dots;
central spot greyish white.

Localities for this species are Lyndhurst, Worcester,
Tenterden, Worthing, Lewes, and Brighton.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

The caterpillar is yellowish-green, with a yellowish
line along the back edged with a darker shade, and a
like line below it on each side.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and September.

It feeds on the alder and the sallow.

The chrysalis is affixed by a thread at the tail, and
another encircling the body.

EPHYRA PENDULARIA.

BIRCH MOCHA.

Plate XXII. Figure 12.

This insect measures from a little under to a little over
an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings whitish-grey, with a very faint tinge of
pink; the first line is somewhat waved, reddish and
scarcely continuous; second line waved, sweeping inwards,
and only composed of small red dots; central spot white,
surrounded by a rim of red. Hind wings pale whitish
grey, crossed by a row of minute dark dots, and with
a central spot high up of white surrounded by a rim of
dark red.

/ ) - C £+ X . ft ,

148

Localitiesfor this species are York, Buttercrambe Moor,
Brighton, Faversham, Worthing, Pembury, Lyndhurst,
Bristol, Exeter, Tenterden, Worcester, Lewes, Black
Park, Ipswich.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

The caterpillar is green, yellowish-green, or brown,
with a paler line on the sides; the head reddish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June
and September.

It feeds on the birch.

The chrysalis is attached by a thread at the tail, and
another girdling the body.

ACIDALIDiE.

HYRIA AURORARIA.

PURPLE AND GOLD.

• Plate XXII. Figure 13.

This insect measures from a little under three quarters
of an inch to about that width.

Male: fore wings lilac-purple red with an orange patch
in the centre, more or less extending to the inner corner;
the first line is purple-red, in some specimens indistinct;
second line purple-red, wide, and placed near the outer
margin. Hind wings purple-red in the middle, with a
yellow spot, orange-yellow about the inner corner and
along the outer and lower margin.

149

Localities for this species are Thorne Moor, Cambridge,
Croydon, Horning, Chat Moss, Manchester, Lyndhurst,
Preston, Bristol, Killarney.

The situations where it is found are heaths and
marshy places.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is yellowish-grey, with a pale streak of
spots along the back, and paler ones below it on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the plantain (Plantago lanceolata ).

The chrysalis occurs under the ground.

objUitlwiAQ { - ^ /?i^.

ASTHENA LTJTEATA.

SMALL YELLOW WAVE.

Plate XXIII. Figure 1.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings rather deep yellow; first line darker
yellow, which colour is spread to the inner corner; second
line, a double one, also darker yellow; third line of similar
colour; central spot black. Hind wings rather deep yel¬
low, crossed by three or four lines of darker yellow, and a
dark fulvous central dot.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Hud¬
dersfield, Dorking, Barnstaple, Sanderstead, Darlington,
Brighton, Kingsbury, Worcester, Lower Guiting, Preston,
Cambridge, Worthing, Killarney, Tenterden, Exeter,
Halton, Bristol, Lewes, Newnham, Chat Moss, Man¬
chester, Pembury, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

150

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in
June.

The chrysalis is found between leaves or among moss.

ASTHENA CANDIDATA.

SMALL WHITE WAVE.

Plate XXIII. Figwre 2.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings white, with several very pale grey
waved lines across, the two nearest together being in the
middle; the outer margin dotted with black ; central spot
grey but indistinct. Hind wings also white, crossed with
very pale grey waved lines.

Localities for this species are York, Huddersfield, Scar¬
borough, Tenterden, Faversham, Pembury, Stowmarket,
Kingsbury, Cambridge, Barnstaple, Worthing, Brighton,
Manchester, Worcester, Darlington, Lyndhurst, Preston,
Newnham, Bristol, Lewes, Lower Guiting, Newcastle-
on-Tyne.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May, and in
June.

The caterpillar is pale green, with a dull red line
along on each side below the back, interrupted on the
fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in April.

It feeds on the hornbeam.

The chrysalis is placed among leaves or in moss.

• /*)

PkteJXill.

151

ASTHENA SYLVATA.

WAVED CARPET.

Plate XXIII. Figure 3.

This insect measures a little under an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings whitish, sprinkled with brown atoms,
with numerous waved darker lines across, one streak near
the base, and a bar of several across the middle, beyond
which is another waved brownish line, and a row of dots
on the outside margin: the fringe greyish. Hind wings
whitish, crossed with some irregular streaks or lines of
brown.

Localities for this species are York, Brighton, West
Looe, Bristol, Chat Moss, Manchester, Pembury, Stowe
Wood, Lower Guiting, Huddersfield, Preston, Worthing,
Darlington, Tenterden, Worcester, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May, and is
out in June and July.

The caterpillar is of a lilac colour, changing to green
on the sides of some of the segments, the second, third,
fourth, and two hindmost; while above the sides of the
sixth, seventh, and eighth segments are black spots sur¬
rounded with white, and a slanting streak of white on
the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August.

It feeds on the alder.

The chrysalis is placed among leaves or in moss.

Atx/LM - Jr fUy. jfn

152

ASTHENA BLOMEEARIA.

CAPTAIN BLOMEE’s RIVULET.

Plate XXIII. Figure 4.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
lit-tle over in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull greyish-white, with a pale bluish
tinge; second line blackish and bent, with a dull orange-
yellowish patch at the outer corner, a darker line on
its inside, and a few darker marks and specks below it
and within the fringe. Hind wings dull greyish-white,
and two darker greyish bands, and darker on and within
the border.

Localities for this species are Pickering, Scarborough,
Nunburnholme, Castle Eden Dene, Chenies, Lower Guit-
ing, Newnham, Malvern, Preston, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

The situations where it is found are woods and woody
places.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

EUPISTERIA HEPARARIA.

DINGY SHELL.

Plate XXIII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from a little under to about an
inch in width.

Male: fore wings yellowish-brown dusted with greyish-
brown; dull yellowish on the upper margin, and almost
entirely brown on the outer part, as indeed is sometimes

153

the whole of the wing. The first line is darker hrown; the
second line is darker brown, and both near together; cen¬
tral line darker brown. Hind wings dull brown, the
margin darkest.

Localities for this species are York, Birkenhead, Lewes,

Manchester, Faversham, Brighton, Newnham, Worcester,

Ne wcastle-on-Ty ne, Chatham, Lyndhurst, Huddersfield, J3. {%)

Darlington, Tenterden, Stowmarket, Pembury, Bristol,

Cambridge, Lower Guiting.

The situations where it is found are woods and lanes.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is yellowish-green, with a pale yellow
line along the back, and another on the sides, with yellow
spots and streaks on the segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the alder.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a slight cocoon, laid on
the surface of the ground.

VENUSIA CAMBRIC ARIA.

WELSH WAVE.

Plate XXIII. Figure 6.

This insect measures from an inch to nearly an inch
and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale clear greyish-white, with a black
line a little within the upper margin running through the
cross lines. The first line is black, with a paler one bor¬
dering it, the two filled up with a dark shade and curved,
with three black spots; the second line, also a double one
and filled up with a dark shade, much waved and black,

154

with, several enlarged black spots, the middle one extended
into a small v; the third line is paler in colour, and much
indented in waves. Hind wings white, sometimes with
a few slight bands, or short and slender dark streaks
running into the inner margin. The antennae are slightly
pectinated.

Localities for this species are Manchester, Cardigan,
Sheffield, Huddersfield, Stowmarket, Bristol, Darlington,
Killarney, Arran, Ben Nevis, Scarborough, Carlisle.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June, and in
July.

ACIDALIA OCHKAEIA.

Plate XXIII. Figure 7.

This insect measures from about three quarters of an
inch to a little over that measurement in expanse.

Male: fore wings dark dull yellowish; the first line is
darker but indistinct; second line also darker; central
line the same, central spot brown. Hind wings also dull
yellowish, with a central brown dot.

Localities for this species are Southend, Deal.

ACIDALIA RUBRICARIA.

Plate XXIII. Figure 8.

This insect measures a little under an inch in expanse.
Male: fore wings dull brownish-red. The first line is
nearly straight and dark brown; second line also nearly

155

straight and dark brown; central shade dull brown.
Hind wings with two dull streaks across.

Localities for this species are York, Brighton, and
North Foreland Meadow near Dover.

The perfect insect appears in June.

ACID ALIA SCUTUL ARIA.

SINGLE DOTTED WAVE.

Plate XXIII. Figure 9.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over three quarters of an inch in width.

Male: fore wings greyish-white with a comparatively
large patch of dark grey at the lower corner. The first
line is black and curved, with, but in some specimens only,
a row, or part of a row, of dots; second line black and
curved, and also sometimes only indicated by a few dots;
third line waved and blackish; central shade, if visible at
all, pale grey; central spot black. Hind wings also greyish-
white, with a pale dusky bent line across near the inner
corner, a dark line of the same following the outer margin
some way within it, the space between being also dusky,
and a black spot at its inner end; central spot black.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Bris¬
tol, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Barnstaple, Humberstone, Lewes,
Faversham, Worcester, Glasgow, Lower Guiting, Halton,
Darlington, Stowmarket, Worthing, Tenterden, Brighton,
Manchester, Newnham, Birkenhead, Cambridge, Kings¬
bury, Lyndhurst.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

a . /f /*4 /jot- ft)

156

The caterpillar is pale brown, with darker slanting
streaks on the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth,
and eleventh segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.
The chrysalis occurs under the ground.

ACIDALIA BISETAR1A.

SMALL FAN-FOOT WAVE.

Plate XXIII, Figure 10.

This insect measures from about three quarters of an
inch to not quite an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale yellowish-grey, dusted with grey.
The first line is indistinct; second line blackish and
waved, bordered by a conspicuous grey band; central line
indistinct; central spot black. Hind wings also pale yel¬
lowish-grey, with a dusty line across near the inner
corner; a dusky band some way within the outer margin,
within which is another of the same; central spot black;
the outer margin with a row of brown dots.

Localities for this species, which is plentifully dis¬
tributed throughout the country, are Poynings, Barn¬
staple, West Looe, Worcester, Isle of Man.

The perfect insect appears in June and July?

The caterpillar is greyish-brown, with angular marks
of darker brown along the back, and slanting stripes of
the same on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and April.

It feeds on the dandelion (Leontodon taraxicum).

The chrysalis occurs below the ground.

HaaA> d/OXd ^^ ^

/, . Ifoi. jUj t.

Judj H. lqo%. (yj

UcuU. /<(J. /fuq. !** • tfrt OJ

157

ACIDALIA TRIG EMIN ARIA.

TREBLE BROWN SPOT.

Plate XXIII. Figure 11.

This insect measures a little over three quarters of an
inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull whitish-yellow, dark grey at the
inner corner. The second line is dark grey and waved,
followed by a dark band of grey interrupted above the
middle; central line indistinct; central spot black. Hind
wings sometimes plain, but sometimes with a dusky
streak within the margin.

Localities for this species are Bristol, Tenterden, Exeter,
Darenth Wood, Lyndhurst, Pembury, Ipswich, Renfrew.

The perfect insect appears in July.

ACIDALIA CONTIGUARIA.

Plate XXIII. Figure 12.

This insect measures a little over three quarters of
an inch across.

Male: fore wings pale greyish. The first line is dark
brown; second line dark brown and waved; central line
brown; central spot black.

Localities for this species are near Conway, North
Wales.

The perfect insect appears in July.

158

ACIDALIA RUSTICARIA.

Plate XXIII. Figure 13.

This insect measures a little under three quarters of
an inch in expanse

Male: fore wings pale greyish-white, with a greyish-
brown patch near the inner corner on the upper margin,
and the outer margin clouded with pale dull yellowish-
grey; central shade greyish-brown; central spot black.

Localities for this species are the Isle of Portland,
Lewisham, and Northfleet.

The perfect insect appears in July.

ACIDALIA OSSEARIA.

DARK CREAM WAVE.

Plate XXIII. Figure 14.

This insect measures about three quarters of an inch
in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-white, brownish on
the upper margin. The first line is blackish and waved,
second line also blackish and waved; third line pale
brown, followed by another band of the same; outer
margin spotted with black; central shade pale brown;
central spot black. Hind wings crossed in like manner
with three darker waved slender streaks.

Localities for this species are Cambridge, Halton, West
Looe, Ventnor, Stowm arket. Lower Guiting, Birkenhead,
Exeter, Manchester.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June and
in July.

. «?/ ftj

koOJj. - - /jot. - (tj

159

ACIDALIA HOLOSERICARIA.

Plate XXIII. Figure 15.

This insect measures from a little under to a little over
three quarters of an inch in width.

Male: fore wings pale dull yellowish, darkest on the
upper margin. The first line is grey and waved; second
line also grey and waved; third line grey, followed by
another band of the same; central shade a line of grey;
central spot blackish, but seldom occurring.

The perfect insect appears in July.

Localities for this species are near Bristol.

ACIDALIA INC AN ARIA.

SMALL DTJSTY WAVE.

Plate XXIII. Figure 16.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over three quarters of an inch across, generally the former
size.

Male: front wings whitish frosted with grey. The first
line, faintly visible, is dark grey and curved; second line
indicated by a row of dark grey dots; central spot very
small and greyish-black; the outer margin dusky, extending
a little way round the upper margin. Hind wings also
greyish-white, with a faint dotted line near the inner
corner, and two or three others within the outer margin;
central spot black; the outer margin also dusky, clouded

/h.S H- 0}

. n fa - /»)

- 'feir- 0)

160

with, white and black specks, the margin itself dotted
with black.

Localities for this species are York, Worthing, Exeter,
Falmouth, Newnham, Waterford, Cambridge, Darlington,
Lynton, West Looe, Halton, Bristol, Manchester, Lewes,
Birkenhead, Barnstaple, Brighton, Worcester, Kingsbury,
Huddersfield, Lower Guiting, Stowmarket, Edinburgh,
Renfrew.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June, in July,
and the beginning of August.

The caterpillar is pale grey, with a row of dark grey
angular-shaped spots along the back.

ACIDALIA CIRCELLARIA.

Plate XXIY. Figure 1.

This insect measures about three quarters of an inch
across.

Male: fore wings yellowish white, dusted with grey,
the outer margin with a series of black spots. The first
line is dull greyish-yellow, and bent near the upper
margin; second line dull greyish-yellow; central line dull
greyish-yellow; central spot black.

Localities for this species are Bowden, Manchester.

The perfect insect appears in June.

' Plate HIT

161

ACIDALIA ORN ARIA.

LACE BORDER.

Plate XXIY. Figure 2.

This insect measures about an inch across.

Male: fore wings white. The second line is black,
followed by a grey band in which are two tawny blots,
one towards the outer, and the other towards the lower
corner. Hind wings also with a rather broad border
towards the outer corner formed of waved whitish and
brownish spots and streaks, and edged with black through
which runs a waved white line.

Localities for this species are Box Hill, Faversham/ DxA ' !; -
Worcester. *

The perfect insect appears at the end of June and the^'
beginning of July.

The caterpillar is grey, with a reddish line on the back
and another on the sides below it, and some short dark
streaks between them.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in Octo¬
ber? and in March.

It feeds on the thyme.

The chrysalis occurs underneath the ground.

ACIDALIA l J ROM U T A RIA.

MULLEIN WAVE.

Plate XXIY. Figure 3.

This pretty insect measures from a little under an
inch to an inch or rather over in width.

1 /fff ■

3- /foz.
26 - /f£>l .
3o - "foi -

VOL. IV.

162

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-white dusted with grey.
The first line is rather dark grey and waved; second line
also dark grey and waved but less distinct; central shade
rather dark grey; central spot black; the outer margin
dotted with black. Hind wings also dull yellowish-white,
dusky near the inner corner, and with some waved dusky
lines across, following the outer margin, which has a row
of black dots; central spot blackish.

Localities for this species are Stowmarket, Manchester,
Exeter, Brighton, Lyndhurst, Lewes, Bristol, Barnstaple,
Newnham, Ardrossan.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is dark brownish-green, with two rows
on each side of greenish-white streaks.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the pink, the nettle, and the yarrow (Achil-
Icea millefolium).

The chrysalis is subterranean.

ACIDALIA STRAMINARIA.

DOTTED BORDERED WAVE.

Plate XXIV. Figure 4.

This insect measures about three quarters of an inch in
expanse.

Male: fore wings pale dull yellowish-grey dotted with
blackish, and with a distinct row of black spots on the
outer margin. The first line is grey and curved; second
line also grey and waved; central line pale brownish and
slightly curved, central spot black. Hind wings also with
a distinct row of black dots on the outer margin.

163

Localities for this species are Lyndhurst, Pembury, and
Faversham. //, tftH . [>•)

The perfect insect appears in June.

ACIDALIA SUBSERICEARIA.

SATIN WAVE.

mate, XXIV. Figure 5.

This insect measures a little over three quarters of an
inch to nearly an inch in width.

Male: fore wings whitish, crossed by four or five
slightly waved grey lines, and with a row of rather indis¬
tinct blackish spots on the outer margin; central spot
blackish. Hind wings also crossed by four of the grey
lines.

Localities for this species are Worthing, Manchester,
Yentnor, Darenth Wood, Lewes, Lyndhurst, Bristol.

The perfect insect appears in June.

ACIDALIA IMMUTARIA.

LESSER CREAM WAVE.

Plate XXIV. Figure 6.

This insect measures a little under or a little over an
inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings whitish, finely dusted with black, and
crossed with fine dull yellowish waved lines. The first

164

line is dull yellowish and waved, second line dull yellow¬
ish and waved, third line also dull yellowish and waved.
Hind wings whitish, crossed with several lines of dull
yellowish; central spot black and very conspicuous, being
larger than that on the fore wings.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Cam¬
bridge, Brighton, Manchester, Bristol.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

XuU&trUC. JLul 2. Iff $.

ACID ALIA REMUTARIA.

FALSE RIBBON WAVE.

Plate XXIY. Figure 7.

as; /fft.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a quarter to that width across.

Male: fore wings whitish or cream white, dusted with
brown. The first line is pale brown and waved, second
line darker brown and waved, third line a pale brown
band within the outer margin in many but not in all
specimens; central line pale brown and waved, running
into the middle of the first line. Hind wings whitish,
crossed in like manner by three or four waved pale brown
lines, the central ones much larger than the others.

Localities for this species are York, Huddersfield, Brigh¬
ton, Humberstone, Birkenhead, Tenterden, Worcester,
Pembury, Glasgow, Lewes, Lower Guiting, Stowmarket,
Bristol, Sudbury, Barnstaple, Cambridge, Kingsbury,Wor¬
thing, Scarborough, Manchester, Newnham, Lyndhurst.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in
the beginning of June.

. fu* 3. Hfoi .

165

/f*3.

ACIDALIA FUM ARIA.

SMOKY WAVE.

Plate XXIV. Figure 8.

This insect measures from a little under to a little over
an inch in width.

Male: fore wings dull whitish-yellow, much dusted with
brown. The first line is waved and brown, second line
waved and brown, third line indistinct brown; central
shade indistinct brown.

Localities for this species are Ashburton, Newnham,
Manchester, Chat Moss, Arran, Torwood, Stirling, Bristol,
Black Forest.

The perfect insect appears in June.

ACIDALIA STRIG1LARIA.

SUBANGLED WAVE.

Plate XXIY. Figure 9.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in width.
Male: fore wings whitish, clouded with pale brown.
The first line is indistinct, second line brown and indent¬
ed; central line brown and broad; central spot black.
Hind wings also with the ordinary dot, and two indistinct
hands and a slanting brown one rather beyond the middle,
the outer margin with an interrupted brown line.

Localities for this species are Darenth Wood, Carlisle,
Folkestone.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is yellowish-grey, with a line of dark
grey along the back, and a yellowish-white one on the
sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
April and May.

It feeds on the hedge wound-wort, (Stachys sylvatica).
The chrysalis occurs beneath the ground.

ACID ALIA IM1TARIA.

SMALL BLOOD VEIN.

Plate XXIY. Figure 10.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in width.

Male: fore wings dull red dish-yellow. The first line is
pale grey and bent; second line also grey and waved; third
line dark grey, slender, and waved; central line dark
blackish-grey, slanting inwards and followed by a lighter
shade; central spot black but indistinct, and in some
specimens not appearing at all. Hind wings with a
double band before the central dot, and followed by
another slender dark and waved streak; the fringe red.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough,
Newnham, Humberstone, Barnstaple, Birkenhead, Lewes,
Bristol, Cambridge, Brighton, Darlington,Lower Guiting,
Manchester, Halton, Lyndhurst, Pembury, Stowmarket,
Worthing, Tenterden, Exeter, Kingsbury.

The perfect insect appears in July and the beginning of
August.

167

ACIDALIA EMUTARIA.

DUSKY WAVE.

Plate XXIY. Figure 11.

This insect measures from a little under an inch to an
inch in width.

Male: fore wings white, with a faint tinge of pink.
The second line only composed of dots of a blackish colour
preceded by a band of pale grey; central shade grey but
indistinct; central spot grey. Hind wings with a central
dot, and an obscure slanting red band across the middle.

Localities for this species are Lyndhurst, the New
Forest, St. Osyth’s, Faversham, Deal.

The perfect insect appears in June.

ACIDALIA AVERSARIA.

RIBBON WAVE.

Plate XXIY. Figure 12.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to an
inch and a quarter in width.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-grey, tinged faintly
with red and dusted with a darker grey, the outer margin
spotted with black. The first line is dark grey, second
line dark grey, third line dark grey with a darker grey
shade beyond it occasionally; central shade grey on
the outer half in some specimens; central spot blackish.
Hind wings dull yellowish grey, with a slightly waved

168

iCvrctstru.JUj /f.

i£jn-

otU^UC./JL 2 0 .

dark grey line across, a little above the middle; another
rather more waved one lower down, followed by a fainter
third one, the space between being sometimes filled in
with a shade of darker grey, the outer margin with a row
of minute black dots.

Localities for this species are Brighton, Falmouth,
Faversham, Dorking, Worcester, Uppingham, Humber-
stone, Anstey.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is dark brown on the fore part and
beyond the middle, the remainder yellowish-grey, with
slanting brown lines along the back, and a whitish line on
the sides with a white spot above it.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in April
and May.

It feeds on the common avens (Geurn urbanum ).

The chrysalis is found under the earth.

ACIDALIA INORNARIA.

PLAIN WAVE.

Plate XXIV. Figure 13.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to an
inch and a quarter across.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-grey. The first line is
dark grey, second line dark grey; central line grey but
indistinct, and not extending to the upper margin; central
spot blackish. Hind wings also with a central dark dot.

169

Localities for this species are Lewes, Tenterden, Faver- faUf.M/t. Wfy
sham, Brighton, Blandford, Chat Moss, Waterford, Man¬
chester, Lyndhurst, Stowe Wood.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June, and in
July.

ACIDALTA DEGENERARIA.

PORTLAND RIBBON WAVE.

Plate XXIV. Figure 14.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-grey, with a tinge of
red along the upper margin, and near the inner corner.
The first line is grey followed by a dark grey band, second
line grey; central line grey; central spot blackish but
indistinct. Hind wings with the outer portion of the
reddish band curved across, and the margin with a brown
line.

Localities for this species are Portland and Conway.

The perfect insect appears in July.

ACIDALIA EMARGINARIA.
SCALLOPED DOUBLE LINE.—SMALL SCALLOP.
Plate XXIV. Figure 15.

This insect measures a little under an inch in expanse.
Male: fore wings dull reddish-yellow, scolloped on the
outer edge, whence the name of the moth. The first line

170

is blackish and curved; second line also blackish and
slightly waved; central shade dark grey; central spot
blackish. Hind wings dull reddish-yellow, crossed by
a slender line near the inner corner, and another clear
slender one near the middle, with a conspicuous black
spot near the former one.

Localities for this species are York, Stow market, Lewes,
Lewisham, Bristol, Faversham, Barnstaple, Pembury,
Exeter, Newnham, Lyndhurst, Manchester, Kingsbury,
Brighton, Halton, Plymouth, Tenterden.

The perfect insect appears in June and July, the
beginning.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish, with a broad line
along the back, scarcely showing on the front portion.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
July.

It feeds on the bedstraw (Galium verum), the convol¬
vulus (Convolvulus major).

The chrysalis occurs under the ground.

TIMANDRA AMATARIA.

BLOOD-VEIN.

Plate XXY. Figure 1.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to
an inch and a quarter in width.

Male: fore wings pale grey, with a streak of deep red
running from the outer corner slantwise to the middle of
the lower margin. The first line is very indistinct; third
line grey and waved, slender and distinct: central spot
blackish. Hind wings grey, crossed by a nearly straight

171

continuation of the red streak of the fore ones, and fol¬
lowed by a narrow grey streak, also a continuation of that
on the fore wings; the outer margin bordered with deep
red and pink.

Localities for this species are York, Stowmarket, Cam¬
bridge, Wandsworth, Humberstone, Worthing, Lewisham,
Pembury, Brighton, Lower Guiting, Charmouth, Exeter,
Bromsgrove, Kingsbury, Tenterden, Plymouth, Bristol,
Darlington, Faversham, Barnstaple, Dorking, Manchester,
Halton, Newnham, Lewes.

The perfect insecf appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is grey, with a white line on the sides
but not quite continuous, and another lower down, with
slanting streaks between the two on the middle.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in Sep¬
tember.

It feeds on the dock (Rumex pratensis J, and the knot
grass f Polygonum aviculare).

The chrysalis occurs In leaves.

CABEBIDiE.

CABERA PUSARIA.

WHITE WAVE.— COMMON WHITE WAVE.

Plate XXV. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to rather
more than one and a quarter in width.

Male: fore wings white, very minutely dusted with grey,
and crossed by three grey lines placed at equal distances

172

apart. The first line is slightly curved; second line nearly
straight; central line nearly straight. Hind wings white,
crossed by an indistinct line of grey near the upper
corner, another about the middle, and also in some a
third, all slightly waved but all also at times more or
less obscure, and not always in the same degree of pro¬
pinquity.

Localities for this species, which is a very abundant one
throughout the country, are Brighton, Humberstone, &c.

The situations where it is found are woods.

//■ / ? /B - The perfect insect appears in May and August.

The caterpillar is variously green speckled with red, or
reddish with pale yellow spots on either side below the
back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and September.

It feeds on the birch.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth or in
moss.

CABERA ROTUNDARIA.

Plate XXV. Figure 3.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in width.

Male: fore wings white, dusted over with grey. The
first line is grey and bent near the upper margin, second
line also grey and nearly straight. Hind wings white, the
central line very indistinct.

Localities for this species are Lyndhurst, Bristol, Ten-
terden.

The perfect insect appears in May.

173

The caterpillar is pale green.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the birch.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a case of earth or among
moss.

CABERA EX ANTHEM ARIA.
COMMON WAVE.

Plate XXV. Figure 4.

This insect measures an inch to an inch and a quarter
in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull white, covered all over with a
dusting of dull yellow speck. The first line is dull yel¬
lowish-brown and slightly curved, second line dull yel¬
lowish-brown and slightly curved and indented, third line
also dull yellowish-brown. Hind wings dull white frosted
all over with dull yellowish, and crossed by two very
faint dull yellowish-brown waved lines.

Localities for this species, which is extensively dis¬

tributed throughout the country, are Buttercrambe Moor, ,
Humberstone.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and again in August.
The caterpillar is yellowish-green, the back the darkest,
and with reddish-brown spots on it sometimes; on the
sides a white line.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and September.

174

It feeds on the sallow.

The chrysalis is placed in an enclosure of earth, or
under moss.

CORYCIA TEMERARIA.

CLOUDED SILVER.

Plate XX V. Figure 5.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey-white, with a narrow grey blot
between the inner corner and the middle of the lower
margin. The first line is indicated by distinct black dots;
second line also a row of black dots; third line black, nar¬
row, and much waved, darkest near the upper margin;
central spot black, forming the base of a distinct black
patch, running into the upper margin, forming part of the
central line; the outer margin with a black patch. Hind
wings grey-white, with a central black mark and a rather
faintish central line across, the lower and outer margin
dotted with small black specks; the fringes white.

Localities for this species are York, Exeter, Faversham,
Barnstaple, Birkenhead, Oxford, Newnham, Wisbeach,
Preston, Tenterden, Worcester, West Looe, Lyndhurst,
Lower Guiting, Brighton, Cambridge, Manchester, Black
Park, Killarney, Pembury.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is bright green, with a row of red spots
along the back; the head also reddish.

It feeds on the sloe or wild plum, and the wild cherry.

The chrysalis is found on the surface of the earth.
cWn-C. fn Cm ■?/. fftf.

0m d r "

&ut**a**n •• 'J- - ■

175

CORYCIA TAM1NARIA.

WHITE PINION-SPOTTED.

Plate XXY. Figure 6.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings delicate white, with two blackish
spots sometimes on the upper margin. The first line is a
row of dots, but very indistinct; second line also very indis¬
tinct; third line waved and blackish; central spot black¬
ish; the outer margin clouded with black. Hind wings
delicate white, with one or two very faint lines across of
grey, and a very indistinct central spot above the middle.

Localities for this species are York, Lyndhurst, Cam¬
bridge, Bowness, Lewes, Exeter, Killarney, Brighton,
Worcester, Worthing, Gloucester, and London.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

ALEUCIS PICTARIA.

Plate XXY. Figure 7.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey. The first line is dark grey and
waved; second line also dark grey and waved; central spot
blackish; the outer margin spotted with small black
spots. Hind wings paler, and dusted with dark along the
lower margin, the fringe having a row of small black dots.

Localities for this species are Charing, (not Charing
Cross,) Dartford Heath, Colchester, Lewes.

The perfect insect appears in April.

MACARIDiE.

MACAUIA ALTERNARIA.

SHARP-ANGLED PEACOCK.

Plate XXV. Figure 8.

This insect measures from a little over an inch, to
nearly an inch and a quarter across.

Male: fore wings pale grey. The first line is grey but
indistinct; second line grey but indistinct, and followed
by a grey band tinged with yellowish-brown towards the
upper margin, and with an indistinct dark spot in its
middle; central line grey but indistinct.

Localities for this species are Lyndhurst, Brighton,
Exeter.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is light green, with three triangular
shaped reddish-brown marks on the sides at the middle.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds on the sallow.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon placed on the
surface of the ground.

MACARIA NOTARIA.

PEACOCK.

Plate XXV. Figure 9.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to an
inch and a quarter across.

Male: fore wings of a whitish colour, with four chesnut
red marks on the upper margin. The first line is grey
but indistinct; second line grey but indistinct, with a
conspicuous black spot in the middle of it, divided
by three yellow lines, and beyond it adjoining the
upper margin, a tawny blot or patch; third line also grey
and indistinct, forming a band; central line grey but
indistinct. Hind wings crossed by a rather broad streak,
and another narrow one within it, towards the inner
corner; central spot black.

Localities for this species are Exeter, Darenth Wood,
Worthing, Tenterden, West Wickham, Brighton, Faver-
sham, Plymouth, Pembury, West Looe, Newnham, Lynd-
hurst, Killarney.

The caterpillar is dark green on the upper part, with a
row of yellowish-brown spots along the back; the sides
yellowish-brown.

It feeds on the sallow.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon on the ground.

178

MACARIA LITURARI A.

TAWNY BARRED ANGLE.

Plate XXV. Figure 10.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to an
inch and a quarter across.

Male: fore wings bluish-grey with a tinge of reddish
purple, half line rather darkish grey. The first line
darker grey but indistinct, darker near the upper margin;
second line also darker grey, deepest towards the margin,
and beyond it is a broad shade of tawny: central line
darker grey but indistinct, the outer corner dotted on
the margin with black. Hind wings pale bluish-grey
crossed by a faint line of darker grey near the inner
corner, followed by another across the middle, and another
beyond it, the colour between these two latter being of a
dull yellowish grey hue; the outer corner dotted on
the margin with black.

Localities for this species are York, Londesborough,
Scarborough, Huddersfield, Black Forest, Buttercrambe
Moor, Harrogate, Inverary, Worthing, Black Park, Perth,
Manchester, Newnham, Exeter, Edinburgh, Pembury,
Lower Guiting, Stirling, Brighton, Stowmarket, Bristol,
Birkenhead, Wavendon, Bowdon, Lyndhurst .

The situations where it is found are fir plantations
- and woods.

1 The perfect insect appears in July, and is often to

be seen at rest on the trunks of trees.

The caterpillar is green, with a whitish line along the
back, another below it, and another on the sides; the
head brown.

179

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in Sep¬
tember.

It feeds on the fir.

The chrysalis is placed in.a cocoon on the ground.

HALIA WAVAR1A.

THE T-MOTH. COMMON V-MOTH.

Plate XXV. Figure 11.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to an
inch and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull grey with a very faint tinge of
purple. The first line dull black, and generally only con¬
tinued as a short dash from the upper margin ; second line
also dull black, generally short; central line dull black,
and lengthened so far as to form, with the two others for
the top, the centre of the letter T. There is, in some
specimens, a continuation of it in a waved line inwards to
the lower margin, on which is a small dark mark near the
base of it. Hind wings dull grey, with two or three dark
marks on the inner margin, and a blackish central spot.

Localities for this species, which is very common in
most places, are York, Charmouth, Nafferton, Nunburn-
holme, Brighton.

The situations where it is found are gardens.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is pale green, with four waved yellowish
white lines along the back, and a pale yellow line on the
sides.

Hl*4CfiG(rY. }dy / 2 - ^ - Uf-

180

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

It feeds on the currant and the gooseberry.

The chrysalis occurs beneath the ground.

FIDONIM.

STRENIA CLATHRARIA.

LATTICED HEATH. BARRED HEATH.

Plate XXY. Figure 12.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale yellowish mingled with grey,
cross-barred all over with deep reddish-grey, four lines trans¬
verse, and numerous oblong ones. Hind wings pale yellow¬
ish, crossed in a similar manner with dark reddish-grey, the
transverse lines following the pattern of those in the fore
wings when expanded; the fringe white with brown spots.

Localities for this species are Faversham, Chilham,
Melbourne near Pocklington, Lewes, Dorking, Exeter,
Scarborough, York, Oxford, Cambridge, Darlington, Bris¬
tol, JNewnham, Preston, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Worthing,
Stowmarket, Brighton, Galway, Maghull near Liverpool.

The situations where it is found are open places in
woods, and also clover fields.

The perfect insect appears in May, June, and July.

The caterpillar is pale green, with two white streaks
edged with darker green along the back, below them
another similar line, and on the sides a white one.

181

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and May.

It feeds on the medick (Medicago falcata) and the
santfoin.

The chrysalis occurs under the ground.

PANAGRA PETRARIA.

BROWN SILVER LINE.

Plate XXV. Figure 13.

This insect measures a little under to a little over
an inch, and a quarter.

Male: fore wings silvery-brown. The first line rather
dark brown, edged on the outside with a paler shade of
silvery-grey, and slightly bent near the upper margin;
second line dark brown, edged on the outside with whitish
and nearly straight; central spot dark brown. Hind
wings silvery-grey, with a partial bar of pale brown.

Localities for this species are York, Stowmarket, Syn-
dale Park, Chilham Park, Perry Wood near Faversham,
Lyndhurst, Dorking, Manchester, Lewes, Oxford, Exeter,
Pembury, Worthing, Tenterden, Newnham, Birkenhead,
Bristol, Brighton.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

NUMERIA PULVERARIA.

BARRED UMBER.

Plate XXVI. Figure 1.

This insect measures an inch and three quarters or
a little over in expanse.

182

Male: fore wings dull yellowish orange-brown, dusted
with brown. The first line dark brown and nearly straight;
second line dark brown and much bent; central shade
darker than the rest of the wing, forming a broad bar;
central spot brown, but rather indistinct. Hind wings
dull yellowish orange-brown, with a somewhat obsolete
dusky bar extending part of the way across.

Localities for this species are York, Newnham, Dul¬
wich, Lewes, Manchester, Perry Wood near Faversham,
Worthing, Tenterden, Kingsbury, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Pembury, Exeter, Huddersfield, Scarborough, Darlington,
Lower Guiting,S towmarket, Bristol, Birkenhead, Brighton. •

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in
June.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish-brown mottled with
brown, a small prominence on the fifth segment, a larger
one on the ninth, and two small ones on the tenth,
eleventh, and twelfth.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July.

It feeds on the sallow.

The chrysalis is placed in a cocoon among leaves.

SOODIONIA BELGIARIA.

GREY SCALLOPED BAR.

Plate XXVI. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a quarter to nearly one and a half in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey, with more or less of a tinge of
dull yellowish in some. The first line black and nearly

183

straight, second line curved, and with a broad shade
beyond its lower end; central spot black. Hind wings
darker grey, with a blackish central spot followed by a
dusky slightly waved line. The antennae are pectinated.

Localities for this species are Glasgow, Huddersfield,
Stirling, Newcastle-on-Tyne, White Moss, Chat Moss,
Manchester, Arran, Birkenhead, Edinburgh, Lyn dhurst in
the Hew Forest.

The situations where it is found are heaths.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is grey ash-coloured, paler on the back,
and with short black streaks, a black line on the
second, third, and fourth segments, and slight eminences
on the hinder ones, that on the twelfth sharp and pointed.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and March.

It feeds on the heath ( Calluna vulgaris J.

The chrysalis occurs under the ground.

SELIDOSEMA PLUMARJA.

BORDERED GREY.

Plate XXYI. Figure 3.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
a half to that width in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey, darker on the outer margin.
The first line dark grey and curved but indistinct: second
line pale grey: central shade dark brownish grey. Hind
wings also grey, darker on the outer margin.

A3.

184

Localities for this species are Lyndhurst, Manchester,
Birkenhead, Preston.

The situations where it is found are sandy heaths.
The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is brown mottled with black, a black
line along the back widened into a spot at each segment.
It feeds on various low plants.

The chrysalis occurs under the ground.

FIDONIA CARBONARIA.

Plate XXVI. Figure 4.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch across.
Male: fore wings grey spotted with white. The first
line dark grey; second line waved and edged on the out¬
side with white; third line white; central spot black.
Localities for this species are Ingleborough and Perth?
The perfect insect appears in April and May.

It flies in the day-time.

FIDONIA ATOMARIA.

COMMON HEATH.

Plate XXVI. Figure 5.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over an inch in width.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish, much variegated with
dark brown. The first line brown and curved; second

185

line also brown, curved, and indented; third line yellowish
white; central shade brown. Hind wings dull yellowish,
crossed with three bands of dark brown, which also
borders the margin.

Female: fore wings whitish, mottled with grey. Hind
wings whitish, mottled with grey.

Localities for this common species are Stockton Com¬
mon near York, Scarborough, Anstey, West Looe, Butter-
crambe Moor, Black Park, Stowmarket, Perry Wood near
Faversham, Exeter, Pembury, Worthing, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, Lyndhurst, Glasgow, Manchester, Lewes, Brighton,

Edinburgh,Cambridge, Barnstaple, Halton, Huddersfield, H

Newnham, Simonswood near Liverpool.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is reddish-brown mottled with black,
and with a pale line on the sides. It varies much.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and September.

It feeds on the black knapweed (Centaurea nigra ),
and the bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusJ.

The chrysalis occurs underneath the ground.

This moth flies in the day-time.

FIDONIA PINIA8IA.

BORDERED WHITE.

Plate XXYI. Figure 6.

This insect measures an inch and a quarter or a little
over in width.

Male: fore wings white, or yellowish-white on the
middle part, with a broad line along it diverging into two

186

narrower ones, the upper margin black or brownish-black,
lower margin brownish-black, outer margin also brownish
black in a wide patch. Hind wings white, or yellowish
white, with a broad border on the outer margin of black or
brownish-black, and two streaks of the same across, the
upper one sometimes merged in the darker colour of the
base, but black about the inner corner, more or less en¬
croaching on the white portion; the outer edge white or
yellowish-white.

Female: fore wings dull yellowish rusty brown; cen¬
tral spot dark brown. Hind wings dull yellowish rusty
brown; the edge paler.

Localities for this species are Stockton near York,
Buttercrambe Moor, Perry Wood near Faversham, Edin¬
burgh, Torwood, Pitlochrie, Stowmarket, Durham, Guild¬
ford, Worthing, Scarborough, Pembury, Lower Guiting,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Holywell, Black Park, Huddersfield,
Darlington, Lewes, Bristol, Lyndhurst, Birkenhead, Man¬
chester, Brighton.

The situations where it is found are fir woods and plan¬
tations, where it generally flies about the higher parts of
the trees in the day-time, and is rather difficult to capture.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is green with a white line along the
back, a yellowish-white one below it, and a yellow one on
the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the fir.

The chrysalis occurs under the ground.

This species flies in the day-time.

k cIAmas>J'. PiU^irtf.

187

FIDONIA PINE T ARIA.

RANNOCH I.OOPER.

Plate XXYI. Figure 7.

This insect measures from a little under an inch to an
inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings yellowish-brown. The first line
rather darker brown but indistinct; second line darker
brown but indistinct; central line also darker brown but
indistinct.

Localities for this species are about Rannoch.

The situations where it is found are fir plantations on
the moors.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is violet-red, with white lines along the
back, and a yellow one on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

It feeds on the bilberry.

The chrysalis occurs beneath the ground.

This moth flies in the day-time.

A*-*, /f /. {/?

FIDONIA CONSPICUARIA.

FROSTED YELLOW.

Plate XXYI. Figure 8.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over an inch in width.

Male: fore wings deep dull yellow, slightly orange,
minutely dotted over with blackish-brown specks, most so

188

along the upper margin; the outer margin dusky black.
Hind wings also deep yellow bordered with dusky.

Localities for this species are Perry Wood near Faver-
sham, among broom at the top of the hill near the wind¬
mill, Stowmarket, Dunkeld, and Bridge of Earn.

The situations where it is found are waste places where
broom flourishes.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is greenish-brown, with a line of yellow
on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, September, and October.

It feeds on the broom.

The chrysalis occurs below the ground.

MINOA EUPHOKBIARIA.

DRAB BORDER.

Plate XXYI. Figure 9.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale greyish-brown, lighter on the
edges.

Localities for this species are Darenth Wood, Worcester,
Bysing, Lewes, West Wickham, Dursley, Faversham,
Newnham, Sudbury, Stowmarket, Halton, Stowe Wood,
/* /. Brighton, Lyndhurst.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in June.

189

The caterpillar is pale green or blackish-grey, with a
darker line along the back and two on the side, one above
and the other below, spotted with yellow; the head pale
red.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
October.

It feeds on the spurge (Euphorbia peplis).

The chrysalis is inclosed in a small cocoon or case
of earth.

SCORIA DEALBARIA.

THE BLACK-VEINED.

Plate XXVI. Figure 10.

This insect measures from an inch and a half to nearly
one and three quarters in width.

Male: fore wings dull white, streaked with grey veins.
Hind wings dull white, streaked with grey veins.

Localities for this species are Faversham, Chilham,
Charing, and Lower Guiting.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon attached to the
stem of a plant.

PlateXXVH

191

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is grey, the sides tinged with reddish,
with dark grey lines along the back, and a white line on
each side below it from the fifth segment to the twelfth.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in Sep¬
tember and October.

It feeds on the broom.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon made of earth.

ASPILATES CITRARIA.

YELLOW BELLE-MOTH.

Plate XXVII. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to
one and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings yellowish, with a slight sprinkling of
grey. First line grey, curved, and slightly jagged on the
edge; second line also grey, nearly straight, and slightly
jagged below the middle; central spot grey. Hind wings
also with a central dot, and beyond it an irregular dusky
or purple streak, but variable and 'sometimes entirely
absent.

Localities for this species are Plymouth, Deal, and
the Isle of Portland.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

192

ASPILATES GILVARIA.

STRAW BELLE-MOTH.

Plate XXYII. Figure 3.

This insect measures from rather over an inch to nearly
an inch and a half in width.

Male: fore wings pale yellowish, slightly freckled with
pale brown; third line brownish-grey, slanting from the
outer corner to near the lower margin; central spot
brownish-grey. Hind wings pale dull yellowish slightly
dusted, and with a central brownish-grey dot, and a slight
waved band more or less distinct.

Localities for this species are Box Hill, Barnstaple,
Ipswich, Exeter, Deal, Dover.

The perfect insect appears in August.

The caterpillar is of a whitish colour, with a faint tinge
of pink, a line below the back and another on the sides
of reddish-grey, with two projections or spines on the
hindmost segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the yarrow (Achillcea millefoliumJ.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth.

193

ZEBENIDJ3.

ABRAXAS GROSSULARIARIA.

MAGPIE MOTH. COMMON MAGPIE. LARGE MAGPIE.

Plate XXVII. Figure 4.

This insect measures from above an inch and a half
to nearly one inch and three quarters in expanse.

Male: fore wings white with a faint tinge of cream
colour, the inner corner orange-yellow, spotted and bor¬
dered on the outside with black. First line black, but
short and wide above, the remainder only indicated by
spots; second line a waved line of black, the upper part
a row of spots; third line a waved row of black spots
bordering on a line of orange-yellow, the outer margin
with a row of black spots. Hind wings also white with
a faint tinge of cream colour, a row of black spots round
the outer margin, another irregular one across the middle,
and some more spots between it and the inner corner;
thorax yellow, spotted with black; the body yellow,
spotted with black on its upper part.

Localities for this species, which is very abundant
throughout the country, are York, Charmouth, Queens¬
town, Nunburnholme, Brighton, Humberstone, Anstey,
Worcester, &c., &c.

The situations where it is found are gardens, lanes,
and woods.

The perfect insect appears in July and August.

The caterpillar is white dotted with black, and with two
large spots of the same along the back on each segment.

JhM, & 6' fff f -
f 1

S .

/ i 'U<*rrUZ. .

194

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the currant, the sloe, &c.

This species is a very variable one, some being much
lighter than others, and some with more yellow.

ABRAXAS ULMARIA.

SCARCE MAGPIE. YORKSHIRE MAGPIE.

Plate XXVII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from a little under an inch and
three quarters to that width across.

Male: fore wings delicate white with a rich fulvous and
brown patch on the inner corner, a large patch of the
same on and beyond the middle of the lower margin, with
a paler and smaller one on the middle of the upper margin,
and a few small pale ones towards and on the outer mar¬
gin. Hind wings delicate white with a large rich fulvous
and brown patch on the middle of the inner margin from
which a curved row of paler spots of the same colour runs
across, with another between it and the inner corner; the
head is brown, thorax brown, body orange-yellow spotted
with brown.

Localities for this species, which though extensively
distributed is decidedly local, are York, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, Sadborough, Durham, Stowe Wood, Huddersfield,
Newnham, Matlock, Darlington, Nunburnholme, Lower
Guiting, Warter, Birkenhead, Dorking, Barnstaple, Man¬
chester, Scarborough, Bristol, West Wickham, Witney,
Worcester, Birmingham, Snowden, Llanferias, Holywell,
Preston, Whalley.

195

The situations where it is found are woods and gardens
where elm trees grow.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is whitish dotted with black, the sides
bluish-grey.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in Sep¬
tember.

It feeds on the elm.

The chrysalis is attached by a slight web to a stem.

LIGDIA ADUSTARIA.

SCORCHED CARPET.

Plate XXVII. Figure 6.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings white or pale cream-white, with a
patch of dark purple-brown at the inner corner. Second
line bent and waved, followed by a broad bar of purple
brown running into the third line, which is only partially
continued across, the outer margin is clouded with purple-
brown. Hind wings dull white with a light brown waved
streak across, another fainter one within it, and some dots
between it and the inner corner indicating a third; the
margin the same colour.

Localities for this species are York, Cambridge, Lewis¬
ham, West Looe, Sudbury, Newnham, Tenterden, Char-
mouth, Killarney, Lower Guiting, Lynton, Faversham,
Pembury, Lewes, Plymouth, Brighton, Exeter, Dorking,
Stowmarket, Halton, Lyndhurst, Barnstaple, Bristol,
Yentnor.

196

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is green, with dark yellowish-red spots
on the sides of the sixth and seventh segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.
It feeds on the spindle.

The chrysalis is affixed between leaves.

LOMASPILIS MARGIN ARIA.

CLOUDED BORDER.

Plate XXVII. Figure 7.

This pretty insect, which is very variable in its mark¬
ings, measures from a little under an inch to about that
width in expanse.

Male: fore wings white, the upper margin blackish-
brown but not continuous, there being two interventions;
central shade blackish-brown but not always continuous,
and the margin also blackish-brown. Hind wings white
bordered with black, wide, narrow, and again wide, and
a bar composed of spots of the same colour across the
middle.

Localities for this species, which is plentifully distributed
throughout the country, are York, Charmouth, Brighton,
Humberstone, Buttercrambe Moor, &c.

The situations where it is found are woods and hedge
sides.

The perfect insect appears in May and July.

The caterpillar is dark green, with a narrow line on the
back and below it, and a wider one on each side.

aL^r. Jdj /r. /ff/.

%t(LfnoL . ft** /o. /%■

197

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
June and also in September.

It feeds on the sallow, &c.

The chrysalis is found beneath the earth.

LIQXDM.

PACHYCNEMIA HIPPOCASTAN A RIA.

CHESNtJT CARPET.

Plate XXVII. Figure 8.

This insect measures an inch or somewhat over in
expanse.

Male: fore wings dull greyish-brown with a faint tinge
of purple. The first line, which is rather indistinct is
somewhat bent; second line bent and jagged also,
but very indistinct; central shade darker; central spot
blackish. Hind wings dull greyish-brown, in some
described as with a dark spot in the middle followed by a
waved streak or bar.

Localities for this species are the New Forest, West
Wickham, Weybridge, and Brighton.

The situations where it is found are hedge sides.

The perfect insect appears in May.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in Sep¬
tember.

It feeds on the heath (Calluna vulgaris ).

The chrysalis occurs underneath the ground.

TLl /i fa

" tytJ 2tf-> /<jol fz.j

'■ JlUj /J. ijol 0>)

198

HYBEKNIDiE.

HYRERNIA RUPICA PRARIA.

EARLY MOTH.

Plate XXYII. Figure 9.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to
an inch and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey-brown; the first line darker
brown and curved; second line also dark brown, curved,
and waved, followed by a pale grey band, the dark line
causing the semblance of a darker central shade; central
spot blackish-grey and rather large. Hind wings grey-
brown, with a dark greyish spot above the middle, and
crossed by a grey-brown bar or streak.

The female is without wings.

Localities for this species are Edinburgh, Glasgow,
York, Scarborough, Dunham Park, Tenterden, Plymouth,
Manchester, Perth, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Lyndhurst, Stow-
market, Newnham, Birkenhead, Darlington, Huddersfield,
Exeter, Brighton, Lewes, Kingsbury, Bristol.

The situations where it is found are hedge sides.

The perfect insect appears in January and February.

The caterpillar is bluish-green, the back pale green,
with a white line below it on each side, and the front of
each segment blackish-brown or dark green.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

It feeds on the blackthorn, the whitethorn, &c.

The chrysalis occurs beneath the surface of the ground.

199

HYBERNIA LEUCOPHiEARIA.

SPRING USHER.

Plate XXYII. Figure 10.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to
nearly one and three quarters in expanse.

Male: fore wings greyish-brown, much mottled with
brown of two shades. The first line blackish and curved-;
second line also blackish, much waved, and slanting to the
middle of the lower margin, with a broad dark shade on
its outer edge extending to traces of a third line;
central line rather wide and blackish-brown. Hind
wings rather grey, with a brown rather obscure central
dot, and parts of the two or three slightly waved lines
running outwards from the inner margin.

The female is without wings.

Localities for this species, which is a common one
throughout the country, are York, Brighton, Barnstaple,
Stowmarket, Dunham Park, &c.

The situations where it is found are oak woods.

The perfect insect appears in February and March.

The caterpillar is yellowish-green, mottled with whitish
marks edged with dark green, and a pale yellow line on
each side below the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May
and June.

It feeds on the oak.

The chrysalis is subterranean.

f fan* / &■ L *. -

200

HYBERNIA AURANTIARIA.

SCARCE USHER.

Plate XXVII. Figure 11.

This insect measures from an inch and a half to nearly
one and three quarters in width.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish red brown, powdered
with a different shade. The first line is brown and nearly
straight; second line also brown and slightly curved;
central spot brown but rather indistinct; there is a row
of brown dots on the outer margin, and sometimes a
brown shade within it. Hind wings with a pale orange
tinge and a central spot.

The female is without wings.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Glas¬
gow, W orcester, Huddersfield, Exeter, Darlington, Halton,
Edinburgh, Brighton, Manchester, Barnstaple, Lyndhurst,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Plymouth, Worthing, Stowmarket,
Pembury, Bristol, Lewes, Aighurth near Liverpool.

The perfect insect appears in October and November.

The caterpillar is dull greyish-green, with a white line
on each side below the back, the last segment dull yel¬
lowish, as are the legs and the head.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the oak, the birch, &c.

The chrysalis occurs beneath the ground.

/. /a.

201

HYBERNlA PROG EMM ARIA.

DOTTED BORDER.

Plate XXVII. Figwre 12.

This insect measures from a little over an inch and a
quarter to above an inch and a half in width.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-brown with more or
less of a tinge of reddish and dotted with brown, the half
line brown. First line darker brown, rather broad and
straight; second line also darker brown, narrow and
slightly curved, the space between it and the outer margin
darker than the rest of the wing; central spot brown
but very indistinct. There is a row of black dots on the
outer margin. Hind wings whitish, or pale yellowish
freckled brown, with a small brown central spot and nar¬
row brown waved line; the outer margin rather darker
than the remainder, and dotted with black specks.

The female is without wings.

Localities for this common species are York, Nunburn-
holme, Bromsgrove, Swinhope, Brighton.

The situations where it is found are hedge sides.

The perfect insect appears in February and March.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish mottled with brown,
with a brown line on each side below the back, and
another on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the birch, the oak, &c.

The chrysalis is found beneath the ground.

HYBERNIA DEFOLIARIA.

MOTTLED UMBER.

Plate XXVII. Figure 13.

This insect measures from a little under to a little over
an inch and three quarters across.

Male: fore wings pale dull yellowish, mottled with yel¬
lowish-brown, and dusted with brown. The first line
much bent in an angle; second line bent in three angles,
and followed by a dark shade; central spot dark brown,
the outer margin spotted with brown. Hind wings dull
yellowish-grey dusted with darker, and with a small brown
central spot.

The female is without wings.

Localities for this widely distributed and rather common
species are York, Brighton, Darenth Wood, Marlow, Bow-
don, Exeter.

The perfect insect appears in October and November.

The caterpillar is reddish-brown on the back, with a
broad yellow line on the sides, and a red spot on each
segment.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May
and June.

It feeds on the blackthorn, the whitethorn, &c.

The chrysalis is placed under the ground.

203

ANISOPTERYX JESCULARIA.

MARSH MOTH.

Plate XXVIII. Figure 1.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to
an inch and a half in width.

Male: fore wings grey-brown. The first line is dark
brown and waved, bordered on its inner side with a pale
shade; second line much jagged, bordered on its outer
edge with a whitish band; central spot dark brown, and
high up on the wing. Hind wings grey, with an indistinct
band, and a blackish-brown or dusky central spot.

The female is without wings.

Localities for this species, which is rather common, are
York, Nunburnholme, Brighton, Faversham, Dunham
Park, Edinburgh, Torwood.

The situations where it is found are hedge sides.

The perfect insect appears in March and April.

The caterpillar is pale green mottled with a darker
shade, a white line below the back on each side, and
and another pale one on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

It feeds on the blackthorn, the whitethorn, &e.

The chrysalis occurs under the ground.

- fnuU. <23 .

[ /• ) U' lui- A. UcM. .
(!) '■ '■ - -

LABENTHm

CHEIMATOBIA BRUMARIA.

WINTER MOTH.

Plate XXYIII. Figure 2.

This insect measures from a little oyer an inch to one
and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings greyish-brown, crossed with several
rather indistinct waved lines of a deeper tint, and a central
shade also indistinct but rather darker than the ground
colour of the wing. Hind wings paler greyish-brown, with
very faint curved lines across.

The female is without wings or nearly so.

Localities for this abundant species are York, Nun-
burnholme, Falmouth, Thornhill, Brighton, Faversham,
Perth, Sidmouth.

The situations where it is found are hedge sides.

The perfect insect appears in October, November, and
December.

The caterpillar is pale green or yellowish, with some¬
times a blackish tinge, a yellowish-white line below the
two back, and another on the sides; the head green.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

The chrysalis is placed in a slight cocoon beneath the
ground.

. /. A*. *2 . /qn .

Pla teUVr

205

CHEIMATOBIA BOREARIA.

Plate XXYIII. Figure 3.

This insect measures from a little under to a little
over an inch and a quarter.

Male: fore wings pale grey with a faint tinge of dull
yellowish, crossed by several indistinct waved lines and a
central band of a darker shade, the latter followed by a
pale band. Hind wings paler grey with, in some, a faint
thin waved line across, and rather darker outer margin.

The female is all but apterous.

Localities for this species are York, Newnham, Man¬
chester, Marlow, Huddersfield, Brighton, West Wickham,
Delamere Forest, Darlington, Bidston near Birkenhead.

The situations where it is found are birch woods.

The perfect insect appears in October.

The caterpillar is pale green, with an indistinct yellow¬
ish line on either side below the back, and another on the
sides; the head brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the birch.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a slight cocoon placed
underneath the ground.

OPORABIA DILUTARIA.
NOVEMBER MOTH.
Plate XXYIII. Figure 4

This insect measures from a little over an inch and
a quarter to a little over an inch and a half in width.

206

Male: fore wings pale grey with several darker waved
lines and hands across, and in some cases two dark and
two pale bands alternately; central spot blackish but in¬
distinct. Hind wings whitish, with, in some specimens,
one or two lines following the course of the outer margin,
and the latter with a line of small black dots.

Localities for this rather abundant species are York,
Brighton, Darenth Wood, Faversham, Bromsgrove, Fal¬
mouth, Barnstaple, Exeter, Plymouth.

The perfect insect appears in the latter end of Sep¬
tember and October.

The caterpillar is green, bluish white on the under
part.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May.

It feeds on the oak, the elm, &c.

The chrysalis is subterranean.

This is a variable species.

h/t , C&vu. „

OPORABTA FILIGRAMMARIA.

Plate XXYIII. Figure 5.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to an
inch’ and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale grey crossed by several darker
waved lines, two of them forming the edge of a central
band; central spot black. Hind wings whitish, the outer
margin pale grey.

Localities for this species are the Isle of Man, Birken¬
head, Bolton, Preston, Knowsley, Edinburgh, Manchester,
Leeds, Arran, Plymouth, &c.

'Yksr-cfe oCxr%3. Y. 2^.

Zl'U ZlrTb

£07

The situations where it is found are heaths.

The perfect insect appears at the end of August and in
September.

The caterpillar feeds on the birch (?) and the heath,
f Callund vulgarisJ.

LARENTIA DIDYMARIA.

TWIN-SPOT CARPET.

Plate XXVIII. Figure 6.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings dark greyish-brown with a slight
tinge of reddish, crossed with several darker lines, a dark
greyish-brown band in the middle, another at the inner
corner. Third line whitish and j agged, with two brownish
black blots. Hind wings greyish-brown, darker broadly
on the outer margin.

Localities for this very common species are York, Brigh¬
ton, Humberstone, Eaversham, Barnstaple, Exeter.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is pale green, with a narrow white line
on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in April.

It feeds on the chervil (Chcerophyllum aureuni).

p/nj >• Av/ ‘

208

LARENTARIA MULTISTRIGARIA.

MOTTLED GREY.

Plate XXVIII. Figure 7.

This insect measures from an inch to an inch and a
quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings yellowish-grey, powdered with darker
grey. First line rather curved and composed of a row of
double dots; second line also slightly curved and very
indistinctly indicated by black dots; central shade darker
than the remainder; central spot dark brown, but indis¬
tinct.

Localities for this species are York, Huddersfield, Scar¬
borough, Glasgow, Dunoon, Torwood, Stirling, Brighton,
Edinburgh, Kingsbury, Dunham Park, Exeter, Newnham,
Birkenhead, Lewes, Manchester, Black Park, Darlington,
Bristol, Plymouth.

The perfect insect appears in March and April.

The caterpillar is dark green, with blackish-brown
markings on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
May and June.

It feeds on the bedstraw (Galium veruni).

n^osAdm. fcft U //fA cr

LARENTIA C2ESIATA.

- FEBRUARY CARPET.

Plate XXVIII. Figure 8.

This insect measures an inch and a quarter or a
little over in expanse.

. /F] /000 <&»$./•

hu ? f<~<j

. /i'ao /U\ S/ - / f A?

209

Male: fore wings grey, crossed by several lines of a
darker shade more or less waved; central shade darker
grey, edged on the outer side with a whitish line; central
spot black.

Localities for this abundant species are Peckham, Isle
of Man, Darlington, Glasgow, Keswick, Sutherland, Edin¬
burgh, Rannoch, Ben Nevis, Golspie, Manchester, Newn-
ham, Huddersfield.

The situations where it is found are heaths.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is yellowish-green, with a triangular¬
shaped reddish mark on each segment, itself edged with
black on the hinder ones, a white line on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July.

It feeds on the heath (Calluna vulgaris).

LARENTIA RUF1C1NCTAR1A.

YELLOW-RINGED CARPET.

Plate XXVIII. Figure 9.

This insect measures from an inch and a quarter to
nearly one and a half in width.

Male: fore wings grey, crossed with numerous darker
waved lines, and sometimes one or two slight yellowish
bands at the inner corner; third line yellowish; central
shade rather darker than the remainder, yellowish on its
inner edge; central spot blackish. Hind wings greyish.

Localities for this species are Newnhan, Inchnadumph,
Rannoch, Keswick.

The perfect insect appears in July.

VOL. i.

210

The caterpillar is dull green, with a row of triangular¬
shaped reddish spots, edged with white along the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May.

It feeds on the white meadow saxifrage (Saxifraga
granulataj, and the mossy saxifrage (Saxifraga hyp-
noides).

LA RE NT I A SALICARIA.

NORTHERN TWIN-SPOT.

Plate XXVIII. Figure 10.

This insect measures a little over an inch to nearly
one and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings rather dark brownish-grey, crossed
by several dark grey lines. The first line is darker and
waved; second line dark grey, edged indistinctly with
whitish, central shade dark grey, with a dark blot near
the upper margin; third line whitish, central spot black.
Hind wings brownish-grey within the outer margin.

Localities for this species are York, Huddersfield,
Ambleside, Manchester, Arran, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Isle
of Man, Waterford, Darlington, Ben Nevis, Ben Donish,
Storeton near Birkenhead.

The perfect insect appears in June.

Tuw. / Jj'y6, /k i&ia* coy iff*.

LARENTIA OLIVARIA.

BEECH-GREEN CARPET.

Plate XXVIII. Figure 11.

This insect measures from an inch to an inch and a
quarter across.

211

Male: fore wings dull olive-green, with a blot of a
darker shade edged with whitish at the inner corner;
central band darker olive-green edged with whitish; cen¬
tral spot blackish, in some specimens surrounded by a
pale mark.

Localities for this species are Edinburgh, Halton,
Rannoch, Dunoon, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Keswick, Glas¬
gow, Preston, Darlington, Ventnor, Chatsworth, Exeter,
Barnstaple, Bristol, Lyndhurst, Manchester, Malvern.

The perfect insect appears in July.

The caterpillar is dull brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
October and April.

It feeds on the bedstraw (Galium verum).

tfurerfdto. JUj ■ /ffS. 6Lf./2. /fft.

LAKENTIA P E CTI N 1 T A R I A.

AUTUMN GREEN CARPET.

Plate XXYIII. Figure 12.

This insect measures from a little over an inch to one
and a quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale green, half line black, narrowing
from the upper margin. The first line is black, broadest
at the upper margin, and edged with whitish; second
line also black, broadest at the upper margin, and edged
with whitish; there is a blackish mark near the outer
corner; central shade greyish-green; central spot grey
but rather indistinct. Hind wings dull pale greenish-
yellow, with two pale brown waved and curved lines

across, and the space within the outer margin darker than
the remainder.

Localities for this rather common species are York,
Charmouth, Faversham, Brighton, Glasgow.

The situations where it is found are woods and lanes.
The perfect insect appears in June and July.

EMMELESIA AFEIN1TAHIA.

EIVULET.

Plate XXIX. Figure 1.

This insect measures an inch or a little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull greenish, crossed by several
darker waved lines. Third line whitish and waved but
most distinct near the upper margin; central band also
darker, followed by a broad white waved band with a thin
grey line running through it.

Localities for this species are York, Darlington, Scar¬
borough, Falmouth, Bristol, Walley, Lynton, Stowmarket,
Brighton, Lewes, Manchester, Exeter,Durham, Poynings,
Tenterden, Kingsbury, Birkenhead, Newnham, Preston,
Faversham, Newcastle-o-n-Tyne, Barnstaple, West Looe.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is dull white with a row of black dots
on the sides.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August.

It feeds on the seeds of the red campion (Lychnis
diurna ).

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth.

213

EMMELESIA ALCHEMILLARIA.

SMALL RIVULET.

Plate XXIX. Figure 2.

This insectimeasures about three-quarters of an inch or
a little over in width.

Male: fore wings dull pale reddish-brown with a very
faint tinge'of green, crossed by several darker waved lines
and with two small white marks on the lower margin.
Third line waved and whitish; central band followed by
a white waved line through which runs a slender line of
grey.

Localities for this species are York, Huddersfield, Scar¬
borough, Darlington, Faversham, Glasgow, Ardrossan,
Lynton, Barnstaple,'Cambridge, Lower Guiting, Lewes,
West Looe, Birkenhead,Edinburgh, Stowmarket, Preston,
Brighton, Exeter, Manchester, Newnham, Charmouth,
Bristol, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

The situations where it is found are lanes and woods.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish grey, brown on the
sides and between the segments.

It feeds on the nettle ( TJrtica urens J.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth.

214

EMMELESIA ALBULARIA.

GRASS RIVULET.

Plate XXIX. Figure 3.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings silvery whitish grey, crossed by
several pale yellowish grey waved lines, with a central
band beyond the middle, through which runs a pale grey
line. Hind wings whitish grey, darker within the outer
margin.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough,
Glasgow, Isle of Man, Barnstaple, Kingsbury, Pembury,
Carron, Ullswater, Birkenhead, Manchester, Oxford,
Stirling, Edinburgh, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

The situations where it is found are hedges in fields.

The perfect insect appears in June, July, and the be¬
ginning of August.

The caterpillar is whitish-green, with a broad dark
green line along the back and another on the sides, head
brown.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the seeds of the common yellow rattle
(.Rhinanthus crista-galli).

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth.

C<^T. fit** /0. /fyf.
AiV'&s , Ju+ji ns ■ /cjo3-_

(')

215

EMMELESIA DECOLORATA.

SANDY CARPET.

Plate XXIX. Figure 4.

This insect measures from an inch to an inch and a
quarter in expanse.

Male: fore wings white, crossed by several waved dull
yellowish lines; central band with a broad white one out¬
side it; third line dull yellow, jagged, and with shades
beyond it to the outer margin. Hind wings pale yellowish-
white, with a very faint cross darker streak and the space
within the outer margin also darker.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Glas¬
gow, Renfrew, Darenth Wood, Barnstaple, Exeter, Stow-
market, Faversham, Worcester, Falmouth, Brighton,
Kingsbury, Wavendon, Bowdon, West Looe, Darlington,
Manchester, Sudbury, Edinburgh, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Marlow, Bristol, Lewes, Bromsgrove.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

It feeds on the flowers of the red campion (Lychnis
diurna J.

EMMELESIA T^NIATA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 5.

This insect measures from three quarters of an inch
to nearly an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-grey, with a dark grey
blot or patch at the inner corner; second line white, bent
and rather indented, most conspicuous near the upper
margin; central shade dark grey.

216

Localities for this species are Newcastle-on-Tyne, Kes¬
wick and the “ Lake District,” Killarney, Tintern, Mon¬
mouth.

The perfect insect appears in July.

EMMELESIA UNIFASCIAKIA.

SINGLE-BARKED RIVULET.

Plate XXIX. Figure 6.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little above that in width.

Male: fore wings greyish-brown; central band darker,
edged on each side with whitish, intersected by a slender
grey line. There is a short black dash from the tip of the
wing.

Localities for this very common species are Ardrossan,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Conway, Lewisham, Borrowdale,
Lewes, Bristol, Cambridge, Ipswich, Arran, Tranmere
near Birkenhead.

The perfect insect appears in June, July, and August.

EMMELESIA ERICETARIA.

HEATH RIVULET.

Plate XXIX. Figure 7.

This insect measures from a little under to three-
quarters of an inch in width.

Male: fore wings pale grey, with a blot of darker grey
at the inner corner; the first line or band is also darker

217

grey; second line darker grey; third line whitish, intersect¬
ing the previous one; central band darker grey and
rather narrow.

Localities for this species are Edinburgh, Glasgow,
Ambleside, Keswick, Carlisle, Rannoch, Inver, Sutherland,
Stowmarket.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

/r, / u . }

EMMELESIA BLANDIARIA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 8.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or some¬
what over in expanse.

Male: fore wings whitish, with a grey patch or blot at
the inner corner; third line whitish; central band grey,
darker towards the upper margin, and a pale grey outer
margin crossed by the third line; central spot black and
rather large.

Localities for this species are Rannoch, Loch Long,
Keswick, Kilmun, Ambleside, Ben Nevis, Loch Goil,
Loch Eyne.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is green, with a series of angular shaped
marks along the back, and the side line yellowish-green.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in Sep¬
tember.

It feeds on the eye-bright •(Euphrasia officinalis).

^ farK /C. J:

218

EUPITHECIA VENOSARIA.

NETTED PEG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 9.

This insect measures from rather above three quarters
of an inch to one inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish grey, crossed by two
waved whitish bands, four black lines, and several shorter
ones, forming a kind of network, whence the trivial name.

Localities for this species are York, Huddersfield,
Brighton, Cambridge, Lewes, Worthing, Darenth Wood,
Bristol, Halton, Darlington, Newnham, Stowmarket, Hale
near Liverpool, and Sudbury in Derbyshire.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar, blackish in its first stage, is afterwards
dull bluish-grey on the back, studded with minute white
spots, the sides dull greenish-white.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
July.

It feeds on the seeds of the bladder campion (Silene
inflated), and the red campion (Lychnis diurna ).

The chrysalis is bright red. It is enclosed in a slight
cocoon.

ETJPITHECIA CONSIGNARIA.
PINION-SPOTTED PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 10.

This insect measures rather above three quarters of an
inch in expanse.

219

Male: fore wings grey, with three brownish-grey blots
on the upper margin, and crossed by two waved whitish
bands; central spot black.

Localities for this species are Lewes, Pembury, Cam¬
bridge, Lower Guiting.

The perfect insect appears in May.

The caterpillar is pale green with a row of red angular
shaped spots along the back, the side line yellow, and the
divisions between the segments yellow.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the apple, &c.

The chrysalis occurs under the bark of trees.

EUPITHECIA LINAR1ARIA.

BEAUTIFUL PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 11.

This insect measures from rather under to rather
over three quarters of an inch in width.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish, with a tawny band
near the inner corner, and another toward the outer
margin; central band dark grey, edged on each side
with whitish; third line whitish, intersected by two dark
grey blots.

Localities for this species are Ipswich, Exeter, Lewis¬
ham, Newnham, Stowmarket, Edinburgh, Cambridge,
Bristol, Birkenhead, Brighton.

The perfect insect appears in May. There are some¬
times two broods in the year.

The caterpillar is at first bright yellow with blackish
spots on the back, and afterwards becomes yellowish-green.

220

with a series of large dull olive or reddish-brown spots or
marks on the back, on each side of which is a dusky olive
line; the head nearly black. The spots on the back are
often indistinct and sometimes wholly wanting.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the seeds of the yellow toad-flax (Linaria
vulgaris J.

The chrysalis is reddish-yellow, the tail deep red, the
thorax and wing-cases olive. It is enclosed in a cocoon
of earth.

EUPITHECIA PTJLCHELLAEIA.

PRETTY PTJG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 12.

This insect measures rather over three quarters of an
inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale dull yellowish, with a dull greyish
tawny band near the inner corner, and another towards
the outer margin; third line dull yellowish-white but
very indistinct; central band grey, edged on each side
with whitish and crossed by a waved whitish line; central
spot black.

Localities for this species are Harrogate, Scarborough,
Lewisham, Huddersfield, Edinburgh, Exeter, Worcester,
Manchester, Lyndhurst, Dunoon, Tenterden, Birkenhead,
Brighton.

The perfect insect appears in May.

SfaJdu, y At J ■ C

221

EUPITHECIA CENTAUREATA.

LIME-SPECKED PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 13.

This insect measures from a little under an inch to an
inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings white, clouded with pale grey towards
the outer margin; first line grey and waved but rather
indistinct; second line also indistinct, waved and grey:
central spot black and curved, and between it and the
upper margin is a grey blot.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Glasgow,
Bromsgrove, Ardrossan, Stowmarket, Pembury, Exeter,
Edinburgh, Kingsbury, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Birkenhead,
Lewes, Brighton, New Brighton, Bristol, Halton, West
Looe, Manchester, Worcester, Cambridge, Newnham,
Ipswich.

The situations where it is found are hedgerows and
woods.

The perfect insect appears in May, June, July, and
August.

The caterpillar is very variable, either bright yellowish
or bluish-green, with many spots and lines of a darker
shade on the back and below it, often making a series
of spots; or plain yellowish or bluish-green or greenish
or pink-white, with a chain of deep red triple spots on
the back run together towards the head, the lower part
whitish, with a short red line or spot in the centre of
several of the segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September.

It feeds, as variable in its food as in its markings, on the
ragwort ( Senecio jacobcea), the yarrow ( Achillcea mille¬
folium), the hoary ragwort ( Senecio crucifolius) , the
golden rod ( Solidago virgaurea) the hemp agrimony
([Eupatorium cannabinum), the common burnet saxi¬
frage ( Pimpinella saxifraga ), the greater burnet saxi¬
frage (fPimpinella magna), the groundsel ( Senecio vul¬
garis), the black knapweed ( Centaurea nigra), the
meadow pepper-saxifrage ( Silans patensis), the clustered
bell-flower ( Campanula glomerata), the small scabious
(Scabiosa columbaria).

The chrysalis is pale red, and is enclosed in a cocoon
of earth.

EUPITHECIA SUCCENTAUREAR1A.

BORDERED LIME-SPECKED PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 14.

This insect measures from a little over three quarters
of an inch to an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings whitish, the upper margin and outer"
margin grey, sometimes tawny, with the upper margin
and outer margin brownish-grey; or, again, greyish-
brown, with several transverse waved lines; the second
line crossed by a tawny blot; central spot round and
black.

Localities for this species are York, Ardrossan, Isle
of Wight, Edinburgh, Darlington, Scarborough, Lower
Guiting, Bognor, Exeter, Cambridge, Ipswich, Bristol,
Wavendon, Sanderstead, Kingsbury, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Manchester, Marlow, Lewisham, Birkenhead, Barn-

223

staple, Lewes, Pembury, Worcester, Llenferras, Stow-
market, and the Isle of Man.

The perfect insect appears in June, July, and
August.

The caterpillar is reddish-brown, with a series of dusky
olive spots along the back, confluent at each end, and
strung on a paler line of the same colour, on either side
a black interrupted line, and a white one below; the
back thickly studded with minute white raised spots, the
lower part whitish, with a purple line along it.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and October.

It feeds on the flower and seed of the yarrow (Achilloea
millefolium'), the sea worm-wood (Artemisia maritimci).

The chrysalis is orange red, the thorax and wing-cases
paler in colour.

EUP1THECIA SUBUMBRARIA.

SMALL BRINDLED PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 15.

This insect measures rather over three quarters of an
inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings whitish-grey, darker along the upper
margin and outer margin; third line whitish; central
spot very indistinct. Hind wings whitish, grey on the
outer margin.

Localities for this species are York, Halton, Cambridge,
Brighton, Bristol.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is of a dull yellowish-green colour, with
a broad dark green line along the back, and below it on

OxAld . .

each, side a very narrow and indistinct one; a dusky
green line on the sides, and a yellowish line on each side
of the head and the last segment; otherwise, it is of an
obscure greenish-brown colour, the line along the back
dusky olive, and the one below it on the sides of a
similar tint and narrow.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the rough hawkbit (Apargia hispidaJ, and
the hawksbeard f Crepis taraxacifoliaJ, the black knap¬
weed (Centaur ea nigra J, the field scabious (Knautia
arvensis), the small-flowered autumnal gentian (Gentiana
amarellaj, the field gentian (Gentiana campestris) , the
wild marjoram f Origanum vulgarej, the self-heal (Pru¬
nella vulgaris) , the great hedge bedstraw (Galium
mollugo J.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth. It is
red towards and at the tail; the thorax and wing-cases
golden yellow with a tinge of red.

EUPITHECIA PERNOTAR1A.

Plate XXIX. Figure 16.

This insect measures nearly ah inch in expanse.
Male: fore wings yellowish-grey, crossed by numerous
waved lines of a paler colour; the third line whitish;
central spot black.

The caterpillar feeds on the golden rod ( Solidago

The perfect insect appears in July.

225

EUPITHECIA PLUMBEOLARIA.

LEAD-COLOURED PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 17.

This insect measures rather under three quarters of
an inch in width.

Male: fore wings pale grey, with numerous darker lines
across; third line nearly obliterated; the fringes grey;
central spot greyish, but very indistinct.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Tenterden,
Faversham, West Looe, Lewes, Cambridge, Kingsbury,
Barnstaple, Worcester, Killarney, Stowmarket, Darenth
Wood, Simonswood Moss near Liverpool, Rannoch, Isle
of Man.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

EUPITHECIA HAWORTHIARIA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 18.

This insect measures rather under three quarters of
an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale grey, crossed by numerous
waved darker lines and a whitish band; third line in¬
distinct; the body pale grey, tinged with orange on the
first three segments.

Localities for this species are near Bristol, and also
near Brighton.

The perfect insect appears in July.

It feeds on the clematis (Clematis vitalba).

VOL. i.

226

EUPITHECIA PYGMJEARIA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 19.

This insect measures under three quarters of an inch
in width.

Male: fore wings brownish-grey, crossed by some in¬
distinct paler lines; third line indistinct, with a white
spot near the lower corner: the fringes grey spotted with
white.

Localities for this species are York, Glasgow, Ar-
drossan, Edinburgh, Darlington, Cambridge, Claughton
near Birkenhead.

The perfect insect appears in June.

EUPITHECIA HELVETICARIA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 20.

This insect measures from a little under to a little over
three quarters of an inch in width.

Male: fore wings grey-brown, with several waved darker
lines across; third line indistinct, but showing marks near
the lower corner; central spot black. Hind wings with
the fringes dull yellowish-grey, spotted with dark grey.
The body with slight prominences on each segment.

Localities for this species are near Edinburgh.

The perfect insect appears in April and May.

The caterpillar is bright green.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and October.

It feeds on the juniper.

EUPITHECIA SATYRARIA.

SPECKLED PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 21.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch to a
little over in width.

Male: fore wings pale grey, crossed by numerous
darker waved lines; third line a row of whitish dots;
central spot blackish but often indistinct. Hind wings
pale grey, darker towards the outer margin.

Localities for this species are York, Castle Eden Dene,
Killarney, Brighton, Scarborough, Edinburgh, Halton,
Waterford, Glasgow, Simonswood Moss near Birkenhead.

The situations where it is found are woods and woody
places.

The perfect insect appears in April and May.

The caterpillar is whitish-grey, with a row along the
back of dull red angular-shaped markings, edged in front
with brownish; side line dull red.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the devil’s-bit scabious (Scabiosa succisa ),
the bedstraw (Galium verum ), the St. John’s wort
(Hypericum calycinum ), &c.

EUPITHECIA EGENARIA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 22.

This insect measures an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey, crossed by numerous paler
lines; third line rather indistinct, followed by a dark

228

grey border along the outer margin; central spot lengthen¬
ed and black; the fringes spotted. Hind wings with a
pale band edged with blackish and divided by a blackish
line.

Localities for this species are in the Isle of Wight.

The perfect insect appears in July?

EUPITHECIA CASTIGARIA.

BRINDLED PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 23.

This insect measures from three quarters of an inch
to nearly an inch across.

Male: grey, with numerous pale grey waved transverse
lines; the third line whitish; central spot black. Hind
wings grey, pale greyish-white at the inner corner, darker
towards the outer and lower margin; central spot grey.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Glas¬
gow, Ipswich, Halton, Kingsbury, Lewes, Stowmarket,
Manchester, Edinburgh, Darlington, Cambridge, Birken¬
head, Lower Guiting, Killarney.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is of a pale dusky olive or reddish brown
colour, studded over with minute white raised spots, and
with a row of angular-shaped spots along the back, run
together on the front and hind segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

fC^dna- /UjS /*- 'f 01 -
„ / .. /j - : fu

It feeds on the privet and a great variety of trees,
shrubs, plants, and flowers.

The chrysalis is enclosed in an earthen cocoon. It
is of a reddish or greenish-yellow colour, the thorax
and wing-covers yellow, the latter tinted with green.

EUPITHEIII A VI RGAU REARIA.

LONG-WINGED PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 24.

This insect measures from three quarters of an inch
to nearly an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey, with numerous darker lines
across; the third line is whitish, with two distinct white
spots, one below the middle, the other at the lower corner.
Hind wings similarly marked with white. The middle
of the thorax and the end of the body also white.

Localities for this species are Epping and Ipswich.

The situations where it is found are woods and gardens.

The perfect insect appears in May and the beginning
of June.

The caterpillar is of a yellowish colour, with a series of
black angular-shaped spots along the back, confluent
towards the head, and indistinct on the hind segment,
below it, on the sides, is a row of slanting whitish or
yellowish stripes.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the golden rod (Solidago virgaurea ),
the ragwort (Senecio Jacob cbo), and the fleawort
(Cineraria palustris).

230

The chrysalis is enclosed in a slight cocoon of earth.
It is of a red colour, with two indistinct and interrupted
dusky lines along the back, and two others, distinct, below
it on each side; the wing-cases yellowish-olive, streaked
with dusky markings.

EUPITHECIA VIMINARIA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 25.

This insect measures from rather under to about three
quarters of an inch in width, but rather inclining to the
former measurement.

Male: fore wings pale greyish-brown, with a very in¬
distinct pale waved line near the outer margin; central
spot very minute and placed in the middle of the wing.
Hind wings also pale greyish-brown, with very faint un¬
dulated streaks.

Localities for this species are Darlington, Brighton,
Ardrossan, Portland, Llanferras, Wicken Fen in Cam¬
bridgeshire, Warrington in Lancashire, and Waterford.

The situations where it is found are willow and osier
beds.

The perfect insect appears in June, and also has been
captured in August.

I have to thank Messrs. Frederick Bond of Kingsbury,
Middlesex, and N. Greening of Warrington, Lancashire,
for information respecting the present species.

231

EUPITHECIA POSILLARIA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 26.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings grey with a slight tinge of dull yel¬
lowish; the first line is dark grey and curved; second
line dark grey and curved; third line whitish-grey;
central spot black, through which runs a double central
line of grey; the outer margin dark grey.

Localities for this species are West Wickham Wood,
Bristol, Worcester, Sudbury, Ambleside, Carron.

The situations where it is found are woods and gardens.

The perfect insect appears in May.

The caterpillar is green, with a whitish line along the
back, and the side line white.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the juniper and the fir. ?

EE PITHECIA IRRIGUAKIA.

WELSH PUG.

Plate XXIX. Figure 27.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings whitish, with a dark grey band at the
inner corner, third line whitish; central spot black; a
dark grey blot above it on the upper margin, the outer
margin dark grey.

Localities for this species are Brighton, Lyndhurst,
and Newcastle-on-Tyne, South Wales, Killarney.

The situations where it is found are on mountains.

The perfect insect appears in April and May.

ETJPITHECIA PIMPINELLARIA.

Plate XXIX. Figure 28.

This insect measures a little over three quarters of
an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings greyish, with a tinge of dull yellowish
along the outer and lower margins, and with numerous
waved transverse lines; the second line bent below the
upper margin; third line whitish and much indented;
central spot black.

Localities for this species are Deal, Brighton, and
the Isle of Wight,? Llanferras, Conway, Waterford.

The situations where it is found are hedge-sides and
banks.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June, and
in July.

The caterpillar is green, with three purple lines along
the back, the middle one broad and distinct, the others
very indistinct; between the segments yellowish, as is
the line on the sides, the back is spotted with a few
small white raised spots, and some black ones,Ahe lower
part green. Another variety is purple, with two lines
of deeper tint along each side of the back.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and the beginning of October.

233

It feeds on the blossoms of the common burnet saxifrage
( Pimpinella saxifragd).

The chrysalis is enclosed in an earthen cocoon, it is
yellowish-green, or otherwise red.

EUPITHECIA INNOTARIA.

UNSPOTTED PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 1.

This insect measures rather above three quarters of
an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale brownish-grey, with very indis¬
tinct darker lines across, forming a band sharply bent ;
central spot black.

Localities for this species are Sheffield, Huddersfield,
Halifax, Kewnham, Halton, Edinburgh, Lewes, Ipswich,
Kingsbury, Dunoon, Cambridge, Darlington, Birkenhead,
Darenth Wood, Derby.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is dark green, the central line on the
back sometimes wanting, and its place supplied by a
row of dusky angular-shaped markings, on each side of
it is a row of slanting yellowish stripes tinged with pink,
there is a yellowish waved line on the sides, between the
segments it is yellow, and there is a dark purple spot on
the tail part, underneath it is whitish with a dark green
line along.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and to the middle of September.

It feeds on the ash, the mugwort? (Artemisia vulgaris'),
and the wormwood? (Artemisia Absynthium).

234

i^kr'CT- , >W.

The chrysalis is found at the root of trees or under
moss, enclosed in a slight cocoon of earth; it is nearly black
with a tint of red, the thorax and wing-cases dark olive.

EUPITHECIA INDIGARIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 2.

n. fQe* - (*)

This insect measures from rather under to about three
quarters of an inch in width.

Male: fore wings pale grey with a faint tinge of red,
and a few very indistinct waved lines across; central spot
black. Hind wings very pale grey; central spot grey.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Brigh¬
ton, Edinburgh, Manchester, Prenton near Birkenhead,
Bowdon.

The situations where it is found are fir plantations.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

It feeds on the fir (Pinus sylvestris).

EUPITHECIA CONSTRICTARIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 3.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch across.

Male: fore wings grey, with numerous waved transverse
dark grey waved lines, broadest towards the upper margin;
third line pale grey; central spot black. Hind wings
pale grey; central line dark grey; third line pale grey and
much indented; central spot grey.

Localities for this species are Darlington, Brighton,
Ardrossan, Portland, Llanferras, and Waterford.

The perfect insect appears in August.

riaictzs

235

EUPITHECIA NAKARIA,
NARROW-WINGED PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 4.

This insect measures rather above three quarters of
an inch in width.

Male: fore wings dark grey, with numerous waved
whitish lines across; the third line whitish, much indented
and crossed by a white streak which runs to the tip of the
wing; the fringe whitish, spotted with dark grey; central
spot black.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Edin¬
burgh, Glasgow, Stowmarket, Manchester, Birkenhead,
Darlington, Brighton, Isle of Man, Lynton, Saddleworth,
Preston.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

The caterpillar is white or greenish-white with a row of
red spots on the back, bordered on each side by an inter¬
rupted line of the same colour, the sides spotted with red;
underneath there is a central red line. A variety is of a
bright green ground colour, with a series of white spots
along the back, through which runs a dark green line of
purple at the tail end. Another is pink and white.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, September, and October.

It feeds on the blossoms of the heath (Calluna vulgaris).

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth. It is
deeply tinged with red, the thorax and wing cases yellow.
The chrysalis of the green variety has a green tint all
over it.

Vi/ «

OUj htMuu il'- JH ■

[ tyuS -

K-eCAdM' j! Im*X S3 - /r?OZ .

236

EUP1THECIA SUBNOTARIA.

PLAIN PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 5.

This insect measures from above three quarters of an
inch to nearly an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull greyish yellow, crossed by
numerous darker waved lines, and a narrow pale band
beyond the middle; third line whitish, at the lower corner
white; central spot dark grey, but inconspicuous.

Localities for this species are the banks of the Orwell
and the Stour, Gravesend, Ipswich, Bexley, Kingsbury,
Lewisham, Bristol and Exeter, Prenton near Birken¬
head, Brighton, Faversham.

The situations where it is found are woods, gardens,
and lanes.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish-green, pale green or
reddish-grey, studded over with minute white and some
black raised spots, with a row of angular-shaped dull olive
spots along the back, run together towards the head and
tail, and sometimes bordered by an indistinct olive line,
the spots and lines in some individuals very faint; the
divisions between the segments yellowish or reddish, the
line on the sides yellowish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, September, and October.

It feeds on the orache (Atriplex laciniata), and the
goose-foot (Chenopodium album).

The chrysalis is found enclosed in a cocoon of earth.
It is yellowish on the thorax and the body, the wing-
cases dark green.

/Wj Oft. % n-i?ft-

237

EUPITHECIA VULGARIA.

COMMON PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 6.

This insect measures rather above three quarters of an
inch in width.

Male: fore wings pale reddish-brown, with numerous
darker lines across; third line whitish, at the lower corner
white; central spot black.

Localities for this species are York, Glasgow, Scar¬
borough, Darlington, Faversham, Edinburgh, Lower
Guiting, Birkenhead, Whittingham, Barnstaple, Lewes,
Newnham, Stowmarket, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Tenterden,
Exeter, Halton, Worthing, Kingsbury, Brighton.

The situations where it is found are hedges, &c.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is reddish-brown or dull olive studded
over with minute white raised spots, with a row of dusky
greenish angular-shaped spots along the back, confluent
at the head and the tail, the line on the sides waved and
yellowish, occasionally interrupted with black.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July.

It feeds on the whitethorn.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth. It is
reddish, the head, thorax, and wing-cases olive.

EUPITHECIA EXPALLIDAEIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 7.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or
rather more in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale brownish-grey, rather darker at
the inner corner. The first line is only visible on the

/Cm) bfc thru ■ Mtij

238

upper margin; second line the same; third line whitish,
at the lower corner white; central line only apparent
on the upper margin; central spot black.

Localities for this species are Brighton, and Conway
in Wales, on the coast.

The perfect insect appears in June, July, and August.

The caterpillar is variously pale clear yellow studded
over with minute yellow raised spots, with a pale brown
line along the back, and a row of large deep rich brown
spots joined at the points, confluent and faint on the first
and last segments, scarcely visible on the latter, and bor¬
dered on each side by a nearly black line, below which
is a narrow line of rich brown, and a row of slanting
stripes of the same colour; the side line yellowish, under¬
neath tinged with brown on either side, with a central
line of the same colour; or otherwise grey or yellowish-
green, the spots on the back brown and angular, absent
from the hind segments, the line below the back deeper
brown, interrupted at the segments; the side line yellow¬
ish, bordered on its lower side with brown; or, again, the
ground colour different shades of green, and all the mark¬
ings either faint or wholly wanting; or, a deep rich
chocolate-brown, excepting the last segments on the back,
which are clear light yellow, with a central pale brown
line, two yellow spots on each segment on the back, and
a brown line on each side between two yellow waved lines.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and October.

It feeds on the flowers of the golden rod (Solidago
virgaurea ), also the Michaelmas daisy.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth, and is
yellow, tinged with red on the body; the thorax yellow,
with a less tinge of red, the wing-cases more or less tinged
with green.

EUPITHECIA ABSYNTHIARIA.

WORMWOOD PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 8.

This insect measures from rather above three quarters
of an inch to nearly an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings brownish grey, with a slight tinge
of reddish, and three black spots on the upper margin.
Third line a series of white dots ending in a white
spot at the lower corner.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Glas¬
gow, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Barnstaple, Edinburgh, Exeter,
Manchester, Stowmarket, Birkenhead, Faversham, Lower
Guiting, Halton, Darlington, Lewes, and the Isle of Man.

The situations where it is found are gardens.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is very variable—yellowish-green, deep
rose-red, or dull reddish-brown, thickly studded with
minute white raised spots, with a range of reddish angular¬
shaped spots along the back, generally faint or run
together towards the head and tail; these spots are
sometimes wanting in the green variety; on the sides are
a number of narrow slanting yellow stripes bordering
the spots on the back; the side line yellow and waved;
the divisions between the segments yellow.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, September, October, and November.

It feeds on the ragwort ( Senecio jacobcea,') the hoary-
leaved ragwort (, Senecio crucifolius ,) the hemp agrimony
(jE 'upatorium cannabinum ,) the mugwort ( Artemisia vul¬
garis ,) the yarrow ( Achittcea millefolium, ,) the golden
rod {Solidago virgaurea,') &c.

U / 6. .

240

The chrysalis is enclosed in an earthen cocoon, and has
the thorax yellowish-green, the wing-cases bright green,
the body reddish-yellow, with a dark green line on the
back.

EUPITHECIA MINUTAUIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 9.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in width.

Male: fore wings brownish-grey, with a very faint tinge
of reddish.

Localities for this species are Glasgow, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, West Wickham, and Prenton near Birkenhead.

The situations where it is found are heaths.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is dull pink or yellowish-red, with a row
of dusky marks along the back, through which runs a
pink line, faint on the front segments, and almost invisible
on the hind ones; each segment on the back studded with
four yellowish raised spots, the side line yellowish, with
occasional interruptions of dusky blots; the back also
studded with minute white raised spots and a few black
ones; the head dull olive; the body underneath dusky
or pinkish-white.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August and September.

It feeds on the flowers of the heath (Calluna vulgaris),
the yarrow (Achillcea millefolium), and the wild parsley
(.Anthriscus sylvestris).

The chrysalis is enclosed in an earthen cocoon; the
body yellow, generally suffused with red, and deep red at
the tip; the thorax and wing-cases golden yellow.

EUPITHECIA ASSIMILAEIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 10.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings light blackish-brown; third line
whitish.

Localities for this species are Glasgow, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, Brighton, Lower Guiting, Halton, Ipswich, Derby,
Wallasey near Birkenhead, Liverpool, Edinburgh.

The situations where it is found are gardens.

The perfect insect appears in May and June.

The caterpillar is yellowish-green thickly sprinkled with
small yellowish-green raised spots, the divisions between
the segments yellow, a dark green line along the back,
and one below it, on each side, of dark green, but very
indistinct. Otherwise, pale green at first, afterwards dull
yellowish green, a central line on the back and spots, the
latter merged in the former on the front and hindmost
segments, the lines on each side of the back dusky, the
sides tinged with dull reddish brown and crossed by
several slender lines of the same colour, the head greenish
marked with black, the body underneath greenish. Another
is bright green with a row of brown angular-shaped spots
on the back. Another is pinkish, tinged above and below
with green, with a dark green line along the back bordered
by a black dot on each of the middle segments.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September, October, and November.

It feeds on the black currant, the wild hop (Humulus
lupulusJ, and also the red currant.

The chrysalis is placed in an earthen cocoon and is
yellowish-green in colour.

242

EUPITHECIA TENTJIARIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 11.

This insect measures rather less than three quarters of
an inch in width.

Male: fore wings pale grey, crossed with several dark
waved lines, the outer margin darker grey, the upper
margin with two reddish brown spots near the middle ;
central spot black.

Localities for this abundant species are York, Hale
near Liverpool, Scarborough, Epping,Tintern, Monmouth.

The perfect insect appears in June and July.

The caterpillar is dull yellowish-green, the sides and
the middle of the back tinted with rose colour, a row of
very indistinct dusky spots along the back, run together
in a black line on the last segment, and bordered by an
interrupted black line. There is a row of slanting dull
yellowish red stripes on each side, the head black.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in March
and April.

It feeds on the catkins of the sallow.

The chrysalis is found in a slight cocoon, among earth,
roots of grass, or moss; it is of a pale golden yellow colour,
the thorax and wing cases tinged slightly with greenish.

EUPITHECIA SUBCILIARIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 12.

This insect measures from rather under three quarters
of an inch to that width in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-grey, crossed by
numerous darker lines, the outer margin dark grey; third

243

line paler grey, crossing the marginal shade; the antenna;
are slightly pectinated.

The perfect insect appears in July.

Localities for this species are Darlington, Halton,
Ipswich.

EUP1THECIA DODONEARIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 13.

This inseet measures three quarters of an inch or a
little over in expanse.

Male: fore wings whitish grey, crossed by numerous
dark grey waved lines; third line whitish, most distinct at
the lower corner; central spot black, in the middle of
a whitish blot.

Localities for this species are York, Brighton, Ipswich,
Worthing, Lewisham, Kingsbury.

The perfect insect appears in April,? June, and July.?

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

It feeds on the oak.

EUPITHECIA ABBREVIARIA.

SHORT PtJG.

Plate XXX. Figure 14

This insect measures rather more than three quarters
of an inch to nearly an inch in width.

Male: fore wings pale grey crossed by numerous waved
darker lines, and beyond the middle by a pale band, from
which two grey blots run across the dark grey outer
margin; third line pale grey, whitish towards the lower
corner; central spot black.

f, ^ S’. //ff-

A • Lfc.csC f - -

244

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough, Worth¬
ing, Birkenhead, Lewes, Lyndhurst, Dulwich, Cambridge,
Manchester, Lewisham, Darlington, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Torwood, Exeter, Pembury, Kingsbury, Stowmarket.

The perfect insect appears at the end of April and in
May. May 1, May 2.

The caterpillar is pale yellowish-red, with a pale olive
line along the back, and a series of pale olive angular
marks, sometimes bordered with yellow and frequently run
together in a broad line, the side line yellowish, the divisions
between the segments red; underneath is sometimes a
yellowish line.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June
and July.

It feeds on the oak.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a slight cocoon of earth; it
is bright red, the thorax and wing cases paler, the divisions
on the body, and the tip, deep red.

EUPITHECIA EXIGUARIA.

BARBERRY PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 15.

This insect measures from rather more than three
quarters of an inch to nearly an inch in width.

Male: fore wings dull yellowish-grey, crossed by
numerous waved lines, the ground colour forming a pale
broad central band, divided by two short black lines, and
beyond it is a narrow band; third line rather indistinct;
central spot grey.

Localities for this species are York, Bothwel^Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Cambridge,TIalton,Stowmarket,Lower Guiting,

245

Ipswich, Eastham near Birkenhead, Darlington, Kings¬
bury, Bristol, Edinburgh, Lewes, Exeter, Manchester.

The situations where it is found are woods and hedges.

The perfect insect appears in May, June, and July.

The caterpillar is dark green with a row of small dull
red angular-shaped spots in the centre of each of which
is a small yellow spot, along the hack, sometimes wanting
on the first segments and their place supplied by a greenish
line, connected by a line of the same colour; the side line
red, bordered with yellow; the divisions between the
segments yellowish.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
September and October.

It feeds on the whitethorn, the blackthorn, the bar¬
berry, the snowberry, the black-currant, the ash, the alder,
the sallow, and the dogwood.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth, and is
dusky on the body and thorax, the wing cases dark olive
green, the divisions on the body yellow.

EUPITHECIA SOBRINARIA.

JUNIPER PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 16.

This insect measures rather more than three quarters
of an inch in width.

Male: fore wings grey with a faint reddish tinge, and
crossed by numerous darker waved lines; third line pale
grey and waved, most distinct at the lower corner; central
spot black but indistinct.

Localities for this species are Arran, Glasgow, Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Brighton, Manchester, Edinburgh, Halton,
Dover, West Looe, Stowmarket.

246

The situations where it is found are old trees in gardens
and shrubberies.

The perfect insect appears in July, August, and
September.

The caterpillar is variously dark green or yellowish-red,
with a series of rust-coloured blots along the back, inter¬
sected by a dark green line, bordered on each side by a
yellowish one; sometimes the spots are wanting on the
last segments, or even absent altogether; the side line
waved and pale yellow; underneath the body is a whitish
line.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in May
and the beginning of June.

It feeds on the juniper. ■

The chrysalis is found enclosed in a cocoon of earth, or
in a slight web; the head, thorax, and wing cases are dark
green, the body yellowish.

EUPITHECIA TOGARIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 17.

This insect measures from rather under an inch to an
inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings pale dull yellowish-grey, crossed by
two reddish bands, one near the inner corner, the other
before the third line. The first line is waved and black;
second line also waved and black; central spot black.

Localities for this species are Eichmond in Yorkshire,
Darlington, Marden, Halton, Black Park.

The perfect insect appears in June.

247

EUPITHECIA PUMILARIA.

DOUBLE-STRIPED PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 18.

This insect measures from rather under three quarters
of an inch to that "width in expanse.

Male; fore wings whitish-grey, with a reddish tinge.
The first line is very distinct; also the second line, which
is followed by a slender white band; third line indistinct;
the outer margin rather dark reddish-grey; central spot
very faint. Hind wings pale grey, darker towards the
outer margin, crossed by a dark bent line.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Exeter,
Glasgow, Isle of Wight, Barnstaple, Ipswich, Birkenhead,
Manchester, Brighton, Bristol, West Looe, Arran, Cam¬
bridge, and the Isle of Man.

The situations where it is found are woods.

The perfect insect appears in April, May, July, and
August.—July 16.

The caterpillar is differently pale yellowish-olive, red¬
dish-olive, or rusty-red; a dusky blackish-olive line along
the back, and a chain of dusky marks more or less distinct,
partially bordered with yellow, and emerged in the line on
the first and last segments; on each side a broad yellow¬
ish stripe, dusky on the edges, the side line yellowish,
or pale yellowish-green, with an olive-coloured line along
the back, longitudinally uniting and laterally dividing a
series of marks of the same colour merging in the central
line on the first and last segments; on each side of it
two other olive-coloured lines; underneath pale dull green,
dusky at the edges; the spots and lines vary much in
depth of colour, and are sometimes almost wholly absent.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in June.

248

It feeds on the flowers of the clematis ( Clematis vitalba J,
the wild parsley f Anthriscus sylvestrisJ, and the convol¬
vulus ( Convolvulus major).

The chrysalis is enclosed in a slight cocoon of earth;
and has the body yellow, its tip red, the divisions slightly
marked with red, the thorax and wing-cases pale yellow.

EUPITHECIA CORONARIA.

THE V-PUGr.

Plate XXX. Figure 19.

This insect measures from between half an inch and
three quarters of an inch to the latter width in extent.

Male: fore wings pale dull green; the first line is dark
grey and bent; the second line most distinct near the
upper margin and sharply jagged, with a double grey
blot before it near the latter.

Localities for this species are Scarborough, Lyndhurst,
Exeter, Kingsbury, Darenth Wood, Bristol, Barnstaple,
Lewes, Killarney, Lewisham, Worcester.

The perfect insect appears in April, May, June, July,
and August.

The caterpillar is exceedingly variable, yellowish-green,
with three reddish lines along the back, the middle one
interrupted, and in some instances spread out into a row of
angular-shaped spots, the two others very indistinct; or,
pale green, the line and spots entirely or almost entirely
wanting; or, greenish-yellow with a series of rust-coloured
angular-shaped spots or bars along the back, the sides and
lower part more or less tinged with rust colour, the di¬
visions between the segments bright yellow; or, bright

249

yellow with a row of broad dull red bars along the back,
interrupted and bordered by lines of the same colour, the
sides and lower part much clouded with red.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in July,
August, and September.

It feeds on the flowers of the clematis f Clematis
vitalba), hemp agrimony f Eupatorium cannabinumJ,
the golden-rod (Solidago virgaurea), and the wood
angelica (Angelica sylvestris).

The chrysalis is enclosed in an earthen cocoon, and is
pale yellowish-red, the thorax and wing cases having been
at first spotted with black.

My best thanks are due to Mr. T. H. Allis, of York,
for very obliging assistance to my artist.

EUPITHECIA RECTAXGCLARIA.

GREEN PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 20.

This insect measures rather above three quarters of an
inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings deep green, the first line is dark grey
and much curved, turning in towards the inner corner;
second line dark grey rather bent near the upper margin;
the space between the two dull grey-green; third line
pale green; the outer margin clouded with grey; central
spot blackish.

Localities for this species are York, Scarborough,
Huddersfield, Glasgow, Bromsgrove, Birkenhead, Edin¬
burgh, Man Chester, Bristol, Exeter, Newnham,Wavendon,
Brighton, Cambridge, Halton, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Lower
s

Auc/us,. JU] n. /goi' _ JiJ tu fcXadt.

VOL. I.

250

Guiting, Worthing, Kingsbury, Stowmarket, Darlington,
Lyndhurst, Tenterden.

The perfect insect appears in May, June, and July.

The caterpillar is very pale yellowish-green, becoming
paler with age; the central line on the back variable in
width and depth of colour, rusty red, and sometimes dark
green, and occasionally wanting altogether; the divisions
between the segments reddish, the side line yellowish-
green.

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
April and May.

It feeds on the buds and blossoms of the apple and
crab-apple and the pear.

The chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of earth, deep red
at and towards the end; the thorax and wing cases
yellow, tinged with olive colour.

I have also to thank Mr. Edward Doubleday, of Epping,
for several obliging communications.

EUPITHECIA DEBIL1TARIA.

LITTLE PUG.

Plate XXX. Figure 21.

This insect measures from rather under three quarters
of an inch to an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings very pale greenish; the first line
indicated by black dots; the second line the same; central
band rather darker green; central spot black.

Localities for this species are Spitchweek and Lynton,
Devonshire, Killarney, West Looe.

The perfect insect appears in June.

My thanks are here also due to the Rev. H. H. Crewe,
of Breadsall Rectory, Derbyshire.

251

EUPITHECIA TRIPUNCTARTA.

Plate XXX. Figure 22.

This insect expands to the width of one inch in fine
specimens.

Male: fore wings dark grey, with lighter transverse
shades; a very distinct though interrupted white line on
the hind margin; in the lower corner is a large triangular
white spot. Central spot black, small, but distinct. Hind
wings paler grey, lighter near the body; central spot plain.
A distinct white spot in the lower corner; nerves powdered
with white. There is also a distinct white spot at the
juncture of the thorax and the body.

Localities for this species are various parts of Suffolk,
Hertfordshire, and Derbyshire.

The situations where it is found are woods in damp
shady places.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is pale yellow, more or less suffused with
rich brown. Along the back, which is greenish-yellow, is
a series of deep brown spots bordered on each side by a
slender line of the same colour, and below it a row of
slanting bright yellow stripes and deep brown blots.
Underneath, greenish-yellow. Central line deep brown;
on each side of it a much broader one of the same colour.
A variety has the ground colour yellowish-green, studded
with minute white raised spots, with a line along the back
of dusky brown spots connected by a central line of the
same colour, fading off on the hind segments, and conflu¬
ent on the front ones; on each side is a series of dusky
blots. Central line beneath dusky, but interrupted. In
another, the line along the back, and that on each side of

-: s iv.

252

it, and the blots on the sides are almost or entirely want¬
ing, leaving the whole a uniform pale yellowish-green.

It feeds on the wood angelica (Angelica sylvestris), and
cow-parsnep (Heraclium spondylium).

The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, September, and October.

The chrysalis is enclosed in an earthen cocoon.

I have to thank the Rev. Joseph Greene, Rector of
Cubley, near Doveridge, Derbyshire, for the accounts
of this and the following new British species.

EUPITHECIA TRISIGNARIA.

Plate XXX. Figure 23.

This insect measures three quarters of an inch, some¬
times reaching to nearly an inch in expanse.

Male: fore wings dull brown, with indistinct transverse
shadings, somewhat paler; the line along the outer mar¬
gin pale and sometimes very obscure. Central spot very
large, black, and gradually shading off; on the upper
margin are some dark shades. Hind wings uniformly
dull greyish-brown; the central spot very indistinct.

Localities for this species are near Cubley, Derbyshire.

The situations in which it is found are woods in damp
places.

The perfect insect appears in June.

The caterpillar is of a pale green ground colour, with a
line along the back, and another on each side of it of
dark green, the latter broader than the former; the side
line whitish and waved; the head black. Underneath
green, with a central yellowish line.

253

It feeds on the wood angelica (.Angelica sylvestris).
The date of the appearance of the caterpillar is in
August, September, and October.

I he chrysalis is enclosed in an earthen cocoon.

I must not conclude this volume without also thanking
Mr. Adam White, of the British Museum, for many kind
assistances to my artists.

/ f & Me 6ij J - & .

y pid / “ //• , far**

tiLfeM. t\ U' m Aj , 4a fty. /fa2. .

KM) OF VOLUME I.

b-. FAW0ETT, ENURAVHE AND PRINTER. DRIFFIELl)'.

January, 1885 .

GrEORGlE BELL & SONS’

LIST OF WORKS

BOTANY & NATURAL HISTORY.

THE LIBRARY OF NATURAL HISTORY.

T HIS -uniform series of Works on the various branches of Natural History
has attained a high reputation, both for the low prices at which
they are published and the general excellence with- which they are produced.
They form collectively a Standard Set of Works on the different subjects which
they illustrate, and deserve the attention of all who study this branch of science
for their faithful illustrations and accuracy of description; the plates being
carefully executed by accomplished artists, and the authorship entrusted to writers
of acknowledged merit. Indeed no higher testimony can he borne to their
value than the fact that the late Prince Consort (himself an able student of
Natural History) so highly esteemed those which were published during his life¬
time that he purchased copies of them for presentation to public institutions.

New Edition, with Additions.

Dedicated by Permission to Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen.

A HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS.

By the Rev. E. 0. Morris, B.A., Member of the Ashmolean Society. Illus¬
trated with 365 coloured Engravings. Six Yolumes, super-royal 8 vo.,
£6 6 s.

In this work the author has amassed information from every reliable source, and
in addition to necessary scientific details, he has interspersed throughout his pages
a vast fund of anecdotes, illustrative of the marvellous instincts and peculiar habits
of the feathered inhabitants of our land, and has thus made his work at once
entertaining and instructive, and in the widest sense a ‘ History of British Birds.’

New Edition, Enlarged.

A NATURAL HISTORY OF THE NESTS AND EGGS OF

BRITISH BIRDS. By the Rev. E. 0. Morris, B.A. Illustrated with
233 coloured Plates. In Three Yolumes, super-royal 8 vo., £3 3s.
Designed as a supplement to the 1 History of British Birds,’ this work gives the
fullest information respecting the localities and construction of their nests, the
number and peculiarities of their eggs, and all the instruction requisite for deter¬
mining to what species they belong. Each egg is figured and minutely described,
and a number of nests are accurately drawn from specimens.

( 2 )

A New and Revised Edition now ready.

A HISTORY OF THE BIRDS OF EUROPE,

NOT OBSERVED IN THE BRITISH ISLES. By C. R. Beee, M.D.,
F.Z.S. Illustrated with 238 coloured Plates of Birds and Eggs. In
Eive Volumes, super-royal 8vo., £5 5s.

This work forms an appropriate supplement to Morris, Yarrell, or any other work on
British Birds, and with any of them forms a comprehensive account of the Ornithology
of Europe. In addition to the personal ability of the Author for his task, he has had
the assistance of many eminent Continental naturalists, among whom are Professors
Blasius of Brunswick, Schlegel of Leyden, M. de Selys-Longchamps, and M. Moquin-
Tandon.

‘Dr. Bree is favourably known to ornithologists by numerous contributions to our zoological
periodicals, in all of which there is found the same genial spirit, and the same tone of good
feeling, kindliness, and reverence, which pervade the present work. . . . The figures are, for
the most part, highly satisfactory, and leave us in wonder how they could be produced, in
combination with the full and copious text, for so small a price.’— Athenceum.

New Edition, Enlarged.

A HISTORY OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES.

By the Rev. E. 0. Morris, B.A. Illustrated with 72 beautifully-coloured
Plates. In One Volume, super-royal 8vo., price £1 Is.

With coloured illustrations of all the species, and separate figures of the male
and female, where there is any obvious difference between them, and also of the
under side, together with the Caterpillar and Chrysalis; and a full description of
each, with copious accounts of their several habits, localities, and times of appear¬
ance, together with details as to their preservation, etc., with new and valuable
information—the result of the author’s experience for many years.

A NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH MOTHS.

Accurately delineating every known species, with the English as well as
the scientific names, accompanied by full descriptions, date of appearance,
lists of the localities they haunt, their food in the caterpillar state, and
other features of their habits and modes of existence, &c. By the Rev.
E. 0. Morris, B.A. The Plates contain nearly 2,000 exquisitely coloured
Specimens. In Eour Volumes, royal 8vo., price £6 6s.

‘Speaking of entomology, we should place Mr. Morris’ “History of British Moths” at the head.
It gives a coloured figure of every known British moth, together with dates of appearance,
localities, description, and food of caterpillar. It forms a handsome work for a library, and will,
we should nope, lead many to commence the fascinating study of entomology .’—The Record.

‘We can easily imagine that the announcement of the publication of a “Natural History of
British Moths” will awaken a strong desire in many of our readers to become possessed of so
desirable a treatise. There are probably some thousands, especially among the younger portion
of our population, who pay a little attention to entomology, and of these by far the greater
number devote their energies to the study of the butterflies and moths, the two great groups of
insects forming the order Lepidoptera of entomologists. To these, if we may judge from the
recollections of our own early feelings, no present could be more welcome than a good “Natural
History of British Moths.” The illustrations are exceedingly numerous, occupying no fewer
than 132 plates, and including a figure of every species, and in some cases of the principal
varieties. The figures are generally exceedingly well executed and life-like; they are all coloured,
and will doubtless afford great assistance to many a collector in naming his captures .’—The
Spectator.

BEAUTIFUL-LEAVED PLANTS.

Describing the most beautiful-leaved Plants in cultivation in this country.
By E. J. Lowe, Esq., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., assisted by W. Howard FHS
Illustrated with 60 coloured Illustrations. In One Volume super-royal
8 vo., price £1 Is. ’ J

an this volume we have a description of a large number of stove, conservatory, and garden
plants cultivated m this country, of which the leaves rather than the flowers are objects of interest.
The exquisite and delicate forms of many ornamental plants common to the hothouses and green¬
houses of the wealthy are here depicted, with wonderful fidelity, in a series of beautiful
illustrations in the natural colour of the plants .’—The Bookseller.

NEW AND RARE BEAUTIFUL-LEAVED PLANTS.

By Shirley Hebberd, F.B.H.S. Illustrated with 54 coloured Engravings.

In One Volume, super-royal 8vo., price £1 Is.

‘A bit of information as to the pictures maybe acceptable. First, observe the tinting of the
leaves, and the groundwork of such a subject as Solarium, marginatum as a sample of the whole.
Then accept the information that these pictures are not chromo-lithographs, not coloured by hand;
they are all, from first to last, wood engravings, and we imagine, but cannot of course express any
opinion on the subject, that as works of art, representative of the present state of an important
industry, they are not simply interesting, but remarkable.’— Gardeners' Chronicle.

OUR NATIVE FERNS AND THEIR VARIETIES.

By E. J. Lowe, Esq., F.R.S., E.B.A.S., &c. Illustrated with 79 coloured
Plates and 909 Wood Engravings. In Two Volumes, royal 8vo., price £2 2s.

The importance and value of this work may be inferred from the fact that it
contains descriptions of 1294 varieties of British Ferns, with seventy-nine coloured
plates of species and varieties, and 909 wood engravings. The descriptions are
written in a popular manner, containing much interesting information. The localities
are described, each synonym given, and a description of the proper method of
cultivation. To show the extent and value of the illustrations it may be mentioned,
that of Scolopendrium vulgare alone there are one hundred and eighty-four varieties
figured.

NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH AND EXOTIC FERNS

By E. J. Lowe, Esq., F.B.S., F.B.A.S., &c. Illustrated with 479 finely
coloured Plates. In Eight Volumes, super-royal 8vo., price £6 6s.

‘A book which should contain ample means of studying and identifying the Exotic species
accessible to persons of moderate means, has hitherto been a desideratum. This want the
present work promises most hopefully to fill. It is admirably “got up;” the plates are care¬
fully and prettily executed; there is a neat illustrative woodcut at the head of each description,
and the letterpress is full and practical, without being deficient in scientific accuracy. It is
really the cheapest work for its excellence we have ever seen, and should be “in the hands
of every gardener and every private person who cultivates these charming objects.” ’—Athencewm

A NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW AND RARE FERNS.

Containing Species and Varieties not included in ‘Ferns, British and
Exotic.’ By E. J. Lowe, Esq., F.R.S., F.B.A.S., &c. Illustrated with
72 coloured Plates and numerous Woodcuts. In One Volume, super-royal

8 vo., price £1 Is.

‘Although the “Natural History of British and Exotic Ferns” contains coloured illustrations
of between five and six hundred species of Ferns cultivated in this country, still so many new
ones have been introduced, that it has been deemed necessary to publish a separate volume.
This work will be found to contain coloured plates or woodcut illustrations of one hundred
and fifty-one new species, or new varieties of species that have been already figured in the
preceding volumes.’— Preface.

A NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH GRASSES.

By E. J. Lowe, Esq., F.E.S., F.B.A.S., &c. Illustrated with 74 finely-
coloured Plates. In One Yolume, super-royal 8vo., price £1 Is.

This is a work not only valuable to the botanical student for its pictorial
accuracy, but of use also to the landed proprietor and the farmer, pointing out
to them those grasses which are useful and lucrative in husbandry, and teaching
them the varied soils and positions upon which they thrive, and explaining their
qualities and the several uses to which they are applied in many branches of
manufacture and industry. There is much interesting matter also in this volume
appertaining to the ancient customs and superstitions connected with the subject,
which the author brings before Ifis reader in a forcible rather than in a prolix
style. r

‘It is very faithful, and marvellously cheap, considering the beautiful manner in which it is
produced.’ —Literary Record.

MAXJND’S BOTANIC GARDEN.

Consisting of highly-finished Figures of Hardy Ornamental Flowering
Plants. Cultivated in Great Britain, with their Hames, Orders, History,
Qualities, Culture, and Physiological Observations. By B. Matwd, F.L.s!
Hew Edition, edited by James C. Hivex, Curator of the Botanic Gardens,
Hull. With 250 Coloured Plates, giving 1247 figures. In Six Volumes’
super-royal 8vo., £12 12s.

BRITISH SEA-WEEDS.

Drawn from Professor Harvey’s ‘Phycologia Britannica.’ With Descriptions,
an Amateur’s Synopsis, Eules for Laying on Sea-weeds, an Order for
Arranging them in the Herbarium, and an Appendix of Hew Species. By
Mrs. Alfred Gatty. Illustrated with 80 coloured Plates, containing 384
figures. In Two Volumes, super-royal 8vo., price £2 10s.

‘Those who are acquainted with Mrs. Gatty’s “Parables from Nature,” and especially with
her delightful Parable about “Bed Snow,” need not be told that the literary part has been
ably executed by a competent and loving observer. In her present work she has endeavoured,
and we think most successfully, to translate the terms and phrases of science into the language
of amateurs. Mrs. Gatty’s familiarity with the plants themselves has enabled her to do this
office without falling into the errors to which a mere compiler in separating from the beaten
track would be liable.’— Gardeners’ Chronicle.

ALPINE PLANTS.

Descriptions and 103 accurately-coloured Figures (drawn and engraved ex¬
pressly for this Work) of some of the most striking and beautiful of the
Alpine Flowers. Edited by David Wooster,' joint editor of the latest
editions of Loudon’s ‘Encyclopaedias of Gardening and Plants,’ ‘Hortus
Britannicus,’ &c. In One Volume, super-royal 8v.o., price £1 5s.

‘The manner in which “Alpine Plants” is produced is creditable alike to author and artist.
The literary portion is not the mere dry botanical descriptions often found in such works, but
a popular description of the plant, instructions as to its culture and treatment, with any in¬
teresting information in connexion with it that can be obtained. ... We heartily commend
this work to all lovers of flowers.’ —Journal of Horticulture.

‘Not least among the illustrated Christmas books should be reckoned this interesting work
with its beautifully coloured specimens.’ —Saturday Review.

‘The letterpress is full, no doubt, of the most accurate botanical learning, but what we have to
speak of more particularly are the illustrations, and these strike us as among the best specimens of
wood-block printing. There is about them none" of that plastered gaudiness, that thick and sticky
style in which too often the wood-engraver endeavours to paint the lily. A crocus seems just to
have thrust itself through the brown soil which the thaw has softened.’—Times.

ALPINE PLANTS.

Second Series. Containing Fifty-four Coloured Plates, with one or two
.figures on each Plate. Descriptions and accurately-coloured Eigures
(drawn and engraved expressly for this Work) of the most striking and
beautiful of the Alpine Plants. Edited by David Wooster. Price £1 5s.

BRITISH MOSSES.

Their Homes, Aspects, Structure, and Uses. Containing a Coloured Figure
of each species, etched from Nature. By F. E. Tripe. Illustrated with 39
beautifully-coloured Plates. In Two Volumes, super-royal 8yo., £2 10s.

i ^ ^,°°k read, to ponder, to mark, learn, and inwardly digest. . . . Let those who want to

know the moral of mosses enquire within the covers of the volume. He will there find that
these humble plants have their uses, their virtues, and their mission .’—Morning Advertiser.

HISTORY OF THE FISHES OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS.

By Jonathan Couch, F.L.S.. Illustrated with 256 carefully coloured
Plates. New Edition, in Four Volumes, super-royal 8vo., price £4 4s.

‘The author, who is well known as one of the first practical authorities on British fishes,
has for fifty years been observing, noting, and drawing, with his own pencil, the various fish
which live in British waters—a vast labour, in which he has been assisted by scientific friends
living in various portions of the United Kingdom. The drawings are beautifully coloured to
life, and some of the portraits (especially of the dog-fish) are really marvellous, rendering
the recognition of a fish a work of the greatest ease .’—The Field.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY:

Containing a Description and Life-size coloured Drawing of every British
Plant. Edited and brought up to the Present Standard of Scientific
Knowledge by T. Boswell, (formerly Syme,) LL.D. F.L.S. &c. With
Popular Descriptions of the Uses, History, and Traditions of each Plant, by
Mrs. Lankester, Author of ‘Wild Flowers Worth Notice,’ ‘The British
Ferns,’ Ac. The Figures by J. E. Sowerby, James Sowerby, F.L.S.,
J. De C. Sowerby, F.L.S., and J. W. Salter, A.L.S. In Eleven Volumes,
with 1824 full-page coloured plates, super-royal 8vo. (For prices see p. 7.)
Vol. XII. containing the Cryptogamous Plants and an Index to the whole
work. In Seven Parts, 5s. each. Part I. immediately.

‘Under the editorship of T. Boswell Syme, F.L S., assisted by Mrs. Lankester, “Sowerby’s
English Botany,” when finished, will be exhaustive of the subject, and worthy of the branch
of science it illustrates. ... In turning over the charmingly executed hand-coloured plates
of British plants which encumber these volumes with riches, the reader cannot help being
struck with the beauty of many of the humblest flowering weeds, we tread on. with careless
step. We cannot dwell upon many of the individuals grouped in the splendid bouquet of
flowers presented in these pages, and it will be sufficient to state that the work is pledged to
contain a figure of every wild flower indigenous to these isles .’—The Times.

‘The most complete Flora of Great Britain ever brought out. This great work will find
a place wherever botanical science is cultivated, and the study of our native plants, with all
their fascinating associations, held dear.’— Athenaeum.

‘Nothing can exceed the beauty and accuracy of the coloured figures. They are drawn
life-size—an advantage which every young amateur will recognise who has vainly puzzled over
drawings in which a celandine is as big as a poppy—they are enriched with delicate delinea¬
tions of fruit, petal, anther, and any organ which happens to be remarkable in its form and

not a few plates are altogether new. ... A clear, bold distinctive type enables the reader
to take in at a glance the arrangement and divisions of every page. And Mrs. Lankester
has added to the technical description by the editor an extremely interesting popular sketch,
which follows in smaller type. The English, French, and German popular names are given,
and, wherever that delicate and difficult step is at all practicable, their derivation also.
Medical properties, superstitions, and fancies, and poetic tributes and illusions, follow. In
short, there is nothing more left to he desired.’— Guardian.

‘Without question, this is the standard work on Botany, and indispensable to every
botanist. . . . The plates are most accurate and beautiful, and the entire work cannot he

too strongly recommended to all who are interested in Botany .’—Illustrated Hews.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. I. contains—

All the Plants ranked under the orders Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae,
Nymphaeaceae, Papaveraceae, and Crucifers.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. II. contains—

All the plants ranked under the orders Resedaceae, Cistaceae, Violaceae,
Droseraceae, Polygalaceae, Frankeniaceae, Caropliyllaceae, Portulacaceae,
Tamariscaceae, Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Malvaceae, Tiliaceae, Linaceae,
Geraniaceae, Ilicineae, Celastraceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapindaceae.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. III. contains—

All the Plants ranked under the orders Leguminiferae and Rosaceae.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. IY. contains—

All the Plants ranked under the orders Lythraceae, Onagraceae, Cucur-
bitaceae, Grossulariaceae, Crassulaceae, Saxifragaceae, Umbilliferae, Araliaceae,
Cornaceae, Loranthaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Rubiaceae, Yalerianaceae, and Dip-

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. Y. contains—

All the Plants ranked under the order Compositae.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. YI. contains—

All the Plants ranked under the orders Campanulaceae, Ericaceae, Jas-
minaceae, Apocynaeeae, Gentian aceae, Polemoniaceae, Convolvulaceae, Sola-
naceae, Serophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae, and Yerbe.naceae.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. YII. contains—

All the Plants ranked under the orders Labiatae, Boraginaceae, Lentibu-
lariaceae, Primulaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Plantaginaceae, Paronychiaceae, and
Amarantaceae.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. YIIL contains—

All the Plants ranked under the orders Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae,
Eleganaceae, Thymelaceae, Santalaeeae, Aristolochiaceae, Empetraceae, Eu-
phorbiaceae, Callitrichaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Urticaceae, Amentiferae, and
Coniferae.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Vol. IX. contains-

All the Plants ranked under the orders Typhacem, Aracem, Lemnacese,
Naiadaceas, Alismaceae, Hydrocharidace®, Orchidacem, Iridmcem, Amarylli-
dacese, Diascoreaceae, and Liliaceee.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Yol. X. contains-

All the Plants ranked under the orders Juncaeeae and Cy per ace*.

SOWERBY’S ENGLISH BOTANY, Vol. XI. contains-

All the Plants ranked under the order Graminacese.

THE PRICES OF THE VOLUMES ARE—

Bound cloth. Half morocco. Morocco elegant.
£ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.

Vol. 1.

(Seven Parts) .

Vol. 2.

ditto .

Vol. 3.

(Eight Parts) .

Vol. 4.

(Nine Parts) .

Vol. 5.

(Eight Parts) .

Vol. 6.

(Seven Parts) .

Vol. 7.

ditto .

Vol. 8.

(Ten Parts) .

Vol. 9.

(Seven Parts) .

Vol. 10.

ditto .

Vol. 11.

(Six Parts) .

the Ele

ven Volumes. £22 8s. in

cloth;

£24

12s.

half

morocco; and

£28 3s. 6d. whole morocco. Also in 83 Parts, 5s. each.

A Supplementary Volume, containing Ferns and other Cryptogami, in pre¬
paration by Professor Boswell (formerly Syme.)

THE COTTAGE-GARDENER’S DICTIONARY.

Describing the Plants, Fruits, and Vegetables desirable for the Garden,
and explaining the Terms and Operations employed in their cultivation.
With a Supplement containing all the new Plants and Varieties to the
year 1881. Edited by George W. Johnson, Editor of the ‘Journal of
Horticulture and Cottage Gardener.’ Post 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d. The Sup¬
plement separately, sewed, Is. 6d.

‘This is perhaps the most perfect work of its kind that has yet been published, and is
invaluable to professed gardeners and amateurs. It is scientific, and yet every purely scientific
or Latin term is explained, so that the less highly educated in botany may obtain an
intelligent knowledge of names and varieties. It is_ practical and full of directions as to the
growth of plants, fruits, and vegetables; and contains descriptions and illustrations of preda¬
tory insects, which will be found interesting as well as useful. The editor has had the advantage
of having been able to engage the services of a number of practical and scientific gardeners
in different parts of England, so that his dictionary has a value which .no mere compiler or
theorist could pretend to give.’— Tablet.

‘If copiousness be a lexicographical merit, then must this dictionary be said to rank higl
is literally cramful of information. ... Its miscellaneous essays are numerous and the
of skilful hands. Of its price we are ignorant, but we may believe the editor when he £
it to be the cheapest work of the kind ever issued from the press. —Leader

RAMBLES IN SEARCH 0E WILD FLOWERS, and How to

Distinguish Them.

By Margaret Ptajes, Author of ‘Bambles in Search of Flowerless Plants,’
‘British Grasses,’ &c. With 96 coloured figures and numerous cuts. Third
Edition, large post 8vo., 7s. 6d.

‘This little book has already, we are pleased to note, attained its third edition. We sincerely
wish it that continuance of public favour which it so well deserves.’— Saturday Review.

MRS. LOUDON’S FIRST BOOK OF BOTANY.

Being a Plain and Brief Introduction to that Science for Schools and
Young People. New Edition, revised and enlarged, by David Wooster,
joint editor of Loudon’s ‘Encyclopaedia of Plants,’ Loudon’s ‘Hortus
Britannicus,’ &c., with numerous Engravings. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
Contents:— Chap. I. On the Elementary Organs of Plants.—Chap. II.
The Parts into which Plants are Divided by Botanists.—Chap. III. The
Natural Divisions of Plants.—Chap. IY. Botanical Classifications.—Index and
Glossary.

THE BOTANIST’S POCKET-BOOK.

By W. B. Hayward. Containing, arranged in a tabulated form, the chief
characteristics of British Plants. Fcap. 8vo. flexible binding for the
pocket, Third Edition Bevised, 4s. 6d.

This Yolume is intended as a handy Pocket Companion for the Botanist in the
field, and will enable him to identify on the spot the plants he may meet with
in his researches. Besides the characteristics of species and varieties, it contains
the Botanical name, Common name, Soil or Situation, Colour, Growth, and time
of Flowering of every plant, arranged under its own order.

‘A hook of modest pretensions and not without its value. . . , Occupying not much over

two hundred pages of paper in limp cloth binding, it will be no great burden to the pocket
or knapsack, and may frequently be usefully resorted to by a young botanist on the tramp,
leaving more careful study till he gets home.’— Nature.

‘ The diagnoses seem framed with considerable care and judgment, the characteristics having
been well selected and contrasted.’— Journal of Botany.

MY GARDEN: ITS PLAN AND CULTURE.

Together with a General Description of its Geology, Botany, and Natural
History. By the late Alered Smee, F.B.S. Illustrated with more than
1500 Engravings on Wood. Second Edition, revised, imperial 8vo. 21s.

‘Mr. Smee seems to be a gardener of the true school. ' His tastes lead him to cultivate almost
every kind of hardy plants, and there are so many pretty figures of these in his pages as to

make the book worth having for their sakes alone.As a sort of recital of the pure

pleasure and interest which eveh an otherwise busily occupied gentleman may derive from his
garden, the book is of much value.’— Field.

‘As for the illustrations they are simply perfect.Lovers of gardens and lovers of art

will join in prizing this book and in gratitude to Mr. Smee and to those who have so ably
and faithfully seconded his aim .’—Graphic.

‘This book....has the merit of careful observation and a love for the common objects of

nature which are too often disregarded because they are common.’— Pall Mall Gazette.

‘ Decidedly an interesting and useful work. It abounds in information on a variety of points
which the lover of a good garden finds it necessary to know, but for which he does not know
where to turn.’— Lancet.

LONDON : GEOBGE BELL & SONS, YOKE STBEET, COVENT GARDEN.

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

See other formats