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THE YOUNG

BEETLE -COLLECTOR'S HANDBOOK

Ji)ouin3 Collector Series.

Each volume fully illustrated with practical woodcuts, and bound in limp
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Ants, Bees, Wasps, and Dragon Plies. W. H. Bath.
Birds. H. A. Macpherson, M.A.

Book Collecting. J- H - Slater.

Butterflies, Moths, and Beetles. W. F. Kirby, F.L.S.,F.E.S.
Chess Problems. E. W. Rayner.

Copper Coins of Europe. E. C. Higgins.

Coins and Tokens (English). Llew. Jewitt, F.S.A. With a
Chapter on Greek Coins by Barclay V. Head, M. R. A. S.
Colonial Coins. D. F. Howorth, F.S.A.

Crustaceans and Spiders. E. A. Skuse.

Ferns. E. J. Lowe, F.R.S;, F.L.S.

Pishes. Rev. H. A. Macpherson.

Fossils. J - w - Williams.

Fungi, Lichens, &c. Peter Gray, A. B.S.

Grasses. W. Hutchinson.

Land and Fresh-Water Shells. J. W. Williams,

J. W. Taylor, and W. Denison Roebuck.

Mammalia.
Marine Shells.

Rev. H. A. Macpherson.
J. W. Williams.
J. E. Bagnall, A.L.S.
Pond-Life (Insects). E. A. Butler, F.Z.S.

Pond-Life (Algae, Diatoms, &c.). T. S. Smithson.

Postage Stamps. W. T. Ogilvie.

Reptiles. C. Hopley.

Seaweeds, Shells, and Fossils. P. Gray, andB. B. Woodward.
Silkworms. E. A. Butler, F.Z.S.

Telescope, The. J- W. Williams.

Wild Flowers (Spring). H. Wood.

Wild Flowers (Summer). H. Wood.

SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & Co., London.

THE YOUNG

Beetle-Collector’s Handbook

DR. E. HOFMANN

CURATOR OF THE ROYAL NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM AT STUTTGART

Wltb an JntroDuction

W. EGMONT KIRBY , M.D.

JOINT AUTHOR OF “BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS,”
“BEETLES, BUTTERFLIES, MOTHS, AND OTHER INSECTS,” ETC.

ILLUSTRATED BY

TWENTY COLOURED PLATES, COMPRISING OVER 500 FIGURES

LONDON

SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & Co., Lim.

NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.

1897

CONTENTS

PAGE

Structure . . . ... 1

Development . . . . ... 4

Habits op Beetles, etc. . . . . . . 7

How to Kill Beetles . . . ... 8

How to Arrange the Collection . . . 10

PENTAMERA -

Cicindelid® (Tiger Beetles) . . . 13

Carabid® (Carnivorous Ground Beetles) . . .14

Dytiscid® (Carnivorous Water Beetles) . 28

Gyrinid® (Whirligig Beetles) . . 34

HyDROPHILID® . . . ... 34

Staphylinid® (Rove Beetles) . . ... 38

SlLPHID® . . . . ... 50

SCAPHIDIID® . . . . ... 54

Histerid® . . . . ... 55

Phal acrid® . . . . ... 56

Nitidulid® . . . . ... 57

Trogositid® . . . ... 58

CoLYDIID® . . . . ... 59

Cucujid® . . . . ... 60

Cryptophagid® . . . . . . 61

Lathridiid® . . . ... 61

Mycetophagid® . . . ... 62

Dermestid® (Bacon Beetles) . . ... 63

Byrrhid® . . . . ... 65

Parnid® . . . ... 67

Heterocerid® . . . ... 68

Lucanid® (Stag Beetles) . . ... 69

CONTENTS.

viii

PEN TAMER A — continued.

Scarab®id®, or Lamellicornes (Chafers) . 70

Coprophini (Dung Beetles) . . ... 71

Melolonthini (Cockchafers) . . . . . 78

Rutelini . . . . ... 83

Dynastini . . . . ... 84

Cetonini (Bose Beetles) . . ... 85

BUPRESTID® . . . . ... 89

Eucnemid® . . . . ... 93

Elaterid® (Click Beetles) . . ... 94

Dascillid® . . . . . . 1 02

Malacodermid® . . . . ..103

Clerid® . . . . ... 108

Lymexylonid® . . . . . . Ij.0

Ptinid® . . . . ... Ill

HETEROMERA—

Tenebrionid® . . . . . 114

Pythid® . . . . ... 117

Melandryid® . . . ... 117

Lagriid® . . . . ... 118

Pyrochroid® . . . . . 118

Mordelltd® . . . . ... 119

Rhipidophorid® . . . . . 119

Cantharid® . . . . ... 120

(Edemerid® . . . . ... 121

TETRAMERA—

Curculioned® (Weevils) . . ., 122

Scolytid® (Bostrychid®) . . . . 137

Anthribid® . . . . ... 138

Cerambycid® (Longicornia) . . . . 139

Bruchid® . . . . .... 153

Chrysomelid® . . . . . 153

Erotylid® . . . . ... 165

TRIMERA —

Coccinellid® (Lady Birds)

PSELAPHID® .

. 166
. 169

INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURE, &c.

The Coleoptera, or Beetles, form tlie largest of all
the Orders of Insects, numbering, as is estimated,
about 120,000 species, whilst the total number of
insects known is more than 270,000. In this country
we have over 3000 species, which is about one-fourth
of the British insect fauna.

Beetles are distinguished from other insects by
having a pair of hard or leathery wing-cases, or
elytra, which cover the true wings, which are
membranous. The elytra generally meet in a straight
line down the back, known as the suture.

The body of a beetle is divided into head, thorax,
and abdomen.

The head is free from the thorax, and only slightly
narrowed behind. It is broader laterally than
vertically, and is often prolonged into a proboscis,
or trunk (as in the Weevils). The top of the head
between the eyes, above, is called the vertex, and

INTRODUCTION.

that behind the eyes, the occiput; whilst the part
before the vertex is called the front, or clypeus.

The head is furnished with eyes, antennae, or feelers,
and mouth organs.

The eyes are composed of a number of small facets,
regularly arranged in a network, and each of these
facets may be regarded as a separate eye. The eyes
are placed on the sides of the head, and are generally
large and prominent. In some beetles they are
nearly divided into two by a process of the side of
the head, whilst in some (chiefly water beetles) they
are completely divided, so that the beetles have
apparently four eyes. In addition to the true eyes,
some beetles have two small simple eyes, or ocelli,
on the top of the head.

The antennae are situated near the eyes, and have
usually eleven joints. Antennae which taper gradually
to the end are called setiform (bristle-like); those
which are uniform in thickness throughout are filiform
(thread-like) ; if composed of a number of rounded
joints, moniliform (bead-like); if with triangular
elevations, dentated (toothed); and if with long
processes on the joints, pectinated; if the joints
become stouter towards the extremity, clubbed; and
if the thickening is abrupt, capitate. In addition,
the antennae may be flattened, and, in some species,
they end in a number of long, flat processes, and are
fan-like (as in the cockchafers). Thus the antennae

INTRODUCTION.

vary much in form and structure, and are consequently
of use in classifying the insects.

The mouth organs are situated beneath the head,
and are used to seize, and divide, the food. They
consist of the labrum, or upper lip ; the labium, or
lower lip; mandibles, or upper jaws, which are hard
and sharp, and often very large (as in the Stag
Beetle); and maxillae, or lower jaws. Two jointed
organs, called the labial palpi, are attached to the
labium, and two similar organs, the maxillary palpi,
belong to the maxillae.

The thorax is the part lying between the head and
abdomen. It carries the legs and wings, and is
divided into three segments, fused together—the pro-,
meso-, and meta-thorax. The upper portion of the
thorax is divided into pro-, meso-, and meta-notum,
and the under surface is divided into pro-, meso-, and
meta-sternum. The pronotum is the broad part seen
above in front of the elytra; and behind it, and
inserted between the base of the elytra, is a small
triangular plate, belonging to the meso-notum, called
the scutellum. Each segment of the sternum bears
a pair of legs.

Each of the legs consist of five parts—the coxa,
or hinge-plate; the trochanter (a small joint between
the coxa and femur); the femur, or thigh; the tibia,
or shank; and the tarsus, or foot, which has normally
five joints, the last bearing a pair of claws.

INTRODUCTION.

The elytra, or wing-cases, are attached to the meso-
notum, and, in most beetles, overlap the whole of
the abdomen. They may be pitted or punctured,
ridged or carinated, and are frequently spotted or
striped, and sometimes hairy. Under the elytra are
the true wings (springing from the meta-notum),
which are folded when not in use. The wings alone
are used in flight, the elytra being raised to allow
them to have full play. In some beetles the true
wings are quite wanting, whilst a few are completely
apterous, having neither elytra nor wings.

The abdomen consists generally of nine rings, or
segments, overlapping one another in a telescopic
manner, so as to allow of free movement. It is
usually broad at the base, and somewhat flattened.
On the sides is a row of spiracles, or breathing-holes,
situated between the segments of the thorax and
abdomen.

DEVELOPMENT.

The males and females of beetles are often very
unlike.

The females lay eggs, usually selecting a place
where the young larvae will at once find food for
their sustenance; thus some beetles form little pellets
of dung to contain the eggs, and serve as food for
the larvae; and others roll up leaves, which protect

INTRODUCTION.

the eggs, and afterwards the young. From the
eggs emerge the larvae, or grubs, which are elongated
creatures, with a distinct, though sometimes small,
horny head, bearing two very short antennae, com¬
posed only of a few joints. They are either destitute
of eyes, or have only minute ocelli. The mouth
organs of larvae resemble those of the beetles, and
the body (including the head) is composed of thirteen
segments. As in the perfect insect, the number of
spiracles is nine. The larvae do not possess wings,
and many of them are legless ; most of them are,
however, provided with three pairs of legs—a pair on
the second, third, and fourth segments respectively—
which are the thoracic segments. The legs of the
larvae are usually much smaller, and simpler, than
those of the perfect insects, and some have a single
proleg at the caudal extremity. On the dorsum there
are often small plates, or tubercles. The body is
soft and maggot-like in some, as in the Curculionidce,
or Weevils; in others, there are flat, chitinous plates;
whilst others again are wholly chitinous, like the
perfect insects.

The larvae of the Melolonthini, or Cockchafers, are
short, curved creatures, of a yellowish-white colour.

The time required for the full development of larvae
is very variable, but all moult several times during
their growth. Whilst the Chrysomelidce pass through
their metamorphoses in a few weeks, some beetles,

INTKODU CTION.

such as various Longicornia and Melolonthini , require
three or more years. When the larvae have attained
full growth they moult once more, and become pupae.

The pupa generally casts off the larval skin, but in
many species remains lying in it. The pupa may be
enclosed in a cocoon, or suspended by the caudal
extremity, as in the Chrysomelidce and Coccinellidce; or
it may rest on the ground, or under the bark of trees;
whilst others are subterranean. The pupae are com¬
paratively soft, and have partially-developed elytra,
wings, and legs; but these are all enclosed in separate
sheaths, and they are incapable of movement, beyond
being able slightly to move the abdomen : they do not
take food. After some time they change colour, throw
off a membranous skin, and appear as beetles.

The beetle is at first soft like the pupa, and is
usually nearly colourless; but it hardens after a short
time, and the elytra and wings assume their proper
proportions and permanent positions. If the larva
has been insufficiently nourished, the beetle will be
small, and if the developing pupa has been disturbed
or kept too dry, a crippled condition is the result.

INTRODUCTION.

THE HABITS OF BEETLES, AND HOW
TO CATCH THEM.

The best months for collecting are May and June.
The CarabidcB, or Ground Beetles, are common in
gardens, and may often be seen running on roads;
they may also frequently be met with under stones,
Ac. The Silphidce, or Carrion Beetles, live on any
kind of refuse, and the Scarabceidce (Dung Beetles)
fly in the evening, and settle on dung.

Many species may be obtained by sweeping the grass
with a net, and also by beating or shaking trees and
shrubs whilst an umbrella is held underneath.

The Longicornia rest on the bark of trees, and the
Curculionidce (Weevils) and Scolytidce may be found
on freshly-felled trees and wood piles; whilst the bark
and rotten w T ood of diseased trees will well repay a
close scrutiny. A large number of beetles will be
found upon flowers, particularly on the Umbelliferce ,
whilst others are only to be found upon the food-
plant of the larva. A great many species fly by day,
e.g. the Buprestidce , and may be caught with the net.

Many of the smaller beetles live under dead leaves
or among moss at the foot of trees. This may be
shaken over a sieve, and what passes through taken
home and carefully examined on a large sheet of white

INTRODUCTION.

paper. The banks of streams, ponds, and lakes are
good localities, and many species are to be found in
such places, especially under stones. The Water
Beetles (. Dytiscidce , &c.) live in ditches and ponds,
and must be caught with a water-net. The largest
captures may be expected when the water is high, as
the collector will then be able to take home portions
of plants from the brink and examine them at his
leisure.

HOW TO KILL BEETLES.

There are various ways in which beetles may be
killed. The simplest method of dealing with dark
beetles, or those which are smooth and shining, is to
drop them into a bottle of weak spirits of wine and
water; but this is inadmissible for hairy species and
for those which have a red colour. For these the best
contrivance is the following: a wide-mouthed bottle is
taken, and in it is inserted a bung, perforated to receive
a glass tube closed with a cork. In the bottle are
placed small pieces of blotting-paper moistened with
a few drops of sulphuric ether. The reason for this
arrangement is to prevent damaging the wing-cases by
friction, and the better to benumb and kill the beetles.
It is not good to use too much ether, lest the specimens
be moistened and spoilt. Bottles are sometimes charged
with cyanide of potassium; whilst some collectors use

INTRODUCTION.

the young shoots and leaves of the laurel, gathered
when quite dry and chopped fine.

The best way to kill beetles brought home alive,
unless they are soft, finely pubescent, or of delicate
colouring, is to plunge them into boiling water; but
this must be done rapidly, or the beetle will be softened
and easily come to pieces.

Beetles killed with cyanide of potassium must not
be left in the bottle long, and should soon be taken
out and set; and those treated with boiling water
should also be set immediately; but those killed with
ether may generally be left till next day, as this
substance tends to keep them longer relaxed; whilst
the specimens in spirit will often keep in the bottle for
weeks or months.

After it has been killed the beetle should be placed
on blotting-paper, and a pin stuck through the right
wing-case. It is then transferred to a thick piece of
cork or turf covered with paper, and the legs and
antennae are spread out with pins and propped in
the position seen on the plates. The beetles will be
dry in a day or two (soonest in hot weather), and can
then be transferred to the collection.

INTRODUCTION.

HOW TO ARRANGE THE COLLECTION, &c.

In arranging the collection it is best to commence by
naming the species which we know, and then to put
aside those belonging to easily distinguished groups,
such as the Cicindelidce , Carabidce, Melolonthini ,
Curculionidce , and Longicornia. If we do not know
what family to refer a beetle to, we must count the
number of joints of the tarsi, and so find out which
section each beetle belongs to.

Those which have five joints to all the tarsi belong
to the Pentamera , which includes the Cicindelidce ,
Carabidce, Dytiscidce , Staphylinidce, Melolonthini , and
many smaller families, in some of which the number of
joints is not constant, as is the case exceptionally in
all families. Next pick out those which have five
tarsal joints on the first and second pairs of legs, but
only four on the posterior pair. These are the
Heteromera, and include the Tenebrionidce, Melan-
dryidce, Lagriidce, Mordellidce, Cantharidce, Sec. Then
come those which have only four joints to all the tarsi
—the Tetramera , to which belong the Curculionidce ,
Longicornia , and Chrysomelidce. Whilst the fourth
section, the Trimera, in which there are only apparently
three joints to all the tarsi, includes the Coccinellidce
and Pselaphidce, See.

When the specimens have been sorted into these

INTRODUCTION.

four sections, it will be further necessary to identify the
species by means of plates and descriptions.

It is best to arrange the species in the cabinet, or
store boxes, in columns, and it is usual to keep three
specimens of those of which several can be obtained.
The name of the family and genus should be written
on a small label at the head of the column, and the
name of the species beneath.

The locality where each specimen was taken is best
written on a small slip of paper, and pinned under the
insect to which it belongs, or it may be placed below or
beside it on a separate pin.

The drawers of an insect cabinet are made of wood,
and should all be of the same size, so as to be inter¬
changeable. There is a glass lid, and the bottom is
lined with cork or turf, over which thin white paper
is pasted.

To keep out mites a lump of camphor should be
placed in the corner of the box or drawer, or a few
grains of naphthaline may be substituted.

Of course the collection will increase most quickly
at first, because everything will be new; but as it
grows it will become more and more complete, as the
rarer species are added to it; and in due course the
energetic collector may expect to amass a very
characteristic set of the coleopterous fauna of the
neighbourhood in which he is living.

NOTE.

Every species which is found in the British Isles
is indicated by a *.

BEETLES

Section 1. PENTAMERA.

(Beetles with five joints to the tarsi of all the legs.)

Family I. CICINDELID-® (Tiger Beetles).
Elongated beetles of a fine metallic colour beneath. Head
broad with prominent eyes, and long, slender antennae and legs.
They ran quickly, and fly in jerks for short distances. They
feed on other insects, and are therefore useful. They are found
in sandy places, where the larvae lie in wait for their prey in
holes in the ground.

Genus Cicindela, Linn.

* G. campestris, Linn., the Green Tiger Beetle (Plate I., Fig. 1).
Everywhere common on sandy paths and grassy places. In
the South of Europe numerous local varieties occur.

* G. hybrida , Linn., the Hybrid Tiger Beetle (Plate I., Fig. 2).
This species is also common in sandy places, and varies locally.

G. sylvicola, Dej., the Swiss Wood Tiger Beetle (Plate I., Fig.
3). Similar to the last species, but with the two shoulder spots
always interrupted. It is found in Switzerland and Southern
Germany, where it frequents sandy slopes in woods.

* G. sylvatica, Linn., the Wood Tiger Beetle (Plate I., Fig. 4).

BEETLES.

Coppery black above, and easily distinguishable from the last
species. It is found in pine woods, running about on the sandy
paths. It is the largest species found in Britain, and occurs,
among other places, at Bournemouth.

* C. germanica , Linn., the Small Green Tiger Beetle (Plate I.,
Fig. 5). This is the smallest species found with us. It is found
in fields and grassy places, and unlike the other species, which
take to the wing when disturbed, this beetle seeks to escape by
running and hiding among tufts of grass.

Family II. CARABIDiE (Carnivorous Ground Beetles).

This is a large family, the members of which have long legs,
run quickly, and are carnivorous in habits. Black is the most
common colour among them. They hide under stones, moss,
and bark, and are very useful, as they keep down the numbers
of insects and their larvae in woods, gardens, and fields. The
larvae of the ground beetles are just as useful as the beetles
themselves; they live in similar places, and also in dung-heaps.

Genus Omophron, Latr.

Body rounded, head retracted under the prothorax. In the
males the first two tarsal joints of the front pair of legs are
expanded.

0. limbatum, Fabr. (Plate I., Fig. 6). This species lives
under stones on the sandy banks of streams. It is common on
the Continent, but is not found with us. It may be caught at
night with the lantern.

Genus Blethisa, Bon.

Thorax fiat, nearly square, with a distinct border on the
sides, and a deep groove near the hinder angles. Eyes only
slightly prominent. The only species found in Britain is:

1 .

BEETLES.

* B. multi'punctata, Fabr. (Plate I., Fig. 7). This is local,
and lives in damp meadows and on the slimy margins of ponds.
It is also often found in large numbers in rotting herbage.

Genus Elaphrus, Fabr.

Small species with large, spherical, and very prominent eyes,
and with conspicuous eye-spots on the dull wing-cases. They
are found in damp places, the banks of streams, &c.

* E. cuprem, Duft. (Plate I., Fig. 8). This beetle has
yellowish-brown tibiae. It is common on the borders of ponds
in the summer, and spends the winter under moss.

* E. uliginosus, Fabr. (Plate I., Fig. 9). Thorax broader
than that of the last species, and indeed broader than the
head. Tibiae violet. Its habits are the same as those of the
other species mentioned.

Genus jSTotiophilus, Dum.

Smooth, shining little beetles, with very large eyes. The
thorax is twice as broad as it is long, and the abdomen is
elongated. They frequent damp localities, and live under
stones.

* N. aquaticus, Linn. (Plate I., Fig. 10). This is the
commonest of the five British species, being frequently met
with from spring to autumn in damp places, especially under
moss, grass, or stones.

Genus Cychrus, Fabr.

These beetles have the body very convex; the elytra are twice
as broad as the thorax, which is widest in the middle, and has a
raised border. They live under stones and among damp grass.

* G. rostratus, Linn. (Plate I., Fig. 11). This insect is found
throughout Europe, including the British Isles, under stones, in
woods, and in damp grass in the spring.

BEETLES.

Genus Procrustes, Bon.

Labrum with two concavities. Mentum with a broad, obtuse
tooth in the middle. Front tibiae with three expanded joints
in the males. These beetles are found in woods.

P. coriaceus, Linn. (Plate I., Fig. 12). This is a large ground
beetle, which is found in many places on the Continent, under
stones and leaves in woods, and less frequently in gardens,
but is not British.

Genus Carabus, Linn. (True Ground Beetles).

Most of the species are large and showy, and are remarkable
for their bright metallic colours and the very various sculpturing
of the elytra. The third joint of the antennae is cylindrical
and longer than the rest. Abdomen oval. Front tarsi of
the males with three or four expanded joints. They are most
common in hilly districts.

* G. monilis, Fabr. (Plate I., Fig. 13). Elytra green, blue
or coppery. It is common with us, under stones and clods.

C. ulrichii, Germ. (Plate I., Fig. 14). Elytra very convex,
larger than in the two next species. It is found in South
Central Europe, where it passes the winter in tree-trunks and
under moss.

* G. cancellatus , Illig. (Plate I., Fig. 15). Antennae with
the basal joint red. Wing-cases reddish or bronze-coloured,
with three longitudinal ridges and long granulations. It is
found in May, but is doubtfully British.

* G. granulatus, Linn. (Plate II., Fig. 1). This species is
similar to the last, but usually smaller and with black antennae.
It is common, and is found in swampy places.

G. auratus, Linn., the Gold Beetle (Plate II., Fig. 2). The
spaces between the green longitudinal ridges of the elytra

2 .

BEETLES.

are almost smooth. This handsome species is common in many
places on the Continent, notably in France, Western Germany,
and Switzerland, but when found in Britain has probably been
introduced.

C. auronitens, Fabr. (Plate II., Fig. 3). The grooves between
the black longitudinal ridges of this species are finely corru¬
gated, and the first joint of the antennae is red. The thorax
generally has a golden lustre. It is not found with us, but is
common in hilly districts in many parts of the Continent, where
it may frequently be taken in rotten stems of dead trees.

* G. nitens, Linn. (Plate II., Fig. 4). This pretty species
is the smallest of the Carabidce found with us. It is of a
brilliant green, with the edges shining coppery-red, and three
black longitudinal ridges on each of the elytra. It is not
very common, but may be found on moors and mosses.

* C. violaceus, Linn. (Plate II., Fig. 5). The wing-cases of
this beetle are dull blue-black, edged with bright blue or violet.
It is common under moss or stones in woods.

* C. glabratus, Payk. (Plate II., Fig. 6). The wing-cases
are strongly convex, with dull bluish borders. It is found
in fields near woods.

* C. arvensis, Fabr. (Plate II., Fig. 7). Wing-cases coppery-
red, greenish, violet, or almost black, with raised granules. It
frequents woods and sandy fields.

* G. nemoralis, Mull. (Plate II., Fig. 8). Pronotum purplish,
elytra coppery, with three rows of metallic punctures. It is
common everywhere, near woods, under moss and stones, &c.
This species, monilis , and violaceus are about the commonest
species of the genus found in Britain, and may often be found
dead on the roads, a little out of London, having been trodden
upon during their nocturnal rambles.

BEETLES.

G. convexus, Fabr. (Plate II,, Fig. 9). This species is almost
black, but may be distinguished from glabratus by its smaller
size. It is found in wooded slopes on the Continent, but is
local, and it does not appear to be found with us.

G. hortemis, Linn. (Plate II., Fig. 10). This species has three
rows of shining golden punctures on the wing-cases. It occurs
in some parts of the Continent.

G. sylvestris, Fabr. (Plate II., Fig. 11). This species is of the
same size and colour as arvensis, but with rows of spots instead
of granules on the elytra. It is found in hilly places on the
Continent.

G. irregularis, Fabr. (Plate II., Fig. 12). Wing-cases smooth,
except for three rows of deep punctures. It is found at a high
elevation, in the rotten stumps of trees, on the Continent.

* C. intricatus, Linn. (Plate II., Fig. 13). This is an elongated ’
beetle with bluish-black corrugated elytra. This species, unlike
those immediately preceding, is a native of Britain.

G. nodulosus , Creutz. (Plate III., Fig. 1). This easily
distinguished species is found in some parts of Germany,
Eastern France, and South Eussia. It frequents wet, swampy
places in woods and damp moors, and will even enter shallow
water.

Genus Calosoma, Weber.

This genus is distinguished by the size and by the square or
oblong form of the elytra. The labrum is emarginate, and the
mandibles are transversely striated on the upper surface. They
live in woods, and prey upon other insects.

G. sycophanta , Linn. (Plate III., Fig. 2). This is the
largest of the Carabidce occurring in the British Isles.
Specimens are usually found on the coast, and are believed by
some authors to have flown across from France. Its favourite

3 .

BEETLES.

haunts are pine and oak woods. It will climb up trees in
search of larvae and pupae, which it feeds upon, and is common
on the Continent in the nests of the processionary caterpillars.

* C. inquisitor , Linn. (Plate III., Fig. 3). This species is
dark coppery-brown—occasionally blackish or bluish. It is
much commoner with us than the last species, and may be
found on fruit trees and in oak woods.

Genus Leistus, Froehl.

Labrum transverse, rounded in front; maxillae toothed on
the outer border with long movable bristles. The first joint of
the antennae is by far the largest. They are of moderate size,
and are found in mountainous districts under stones.

* L. ferrugineus , Linn. (Plate III., Fig. 4). Elytra and legs
brown. It is found in damp places.

* L. spinibarbis, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 5). Elytra blue-
black and very shiny. The legs and antennae are pale reddish-
brown. It is found under stones and bark.

Genus FTebria, Latr.

Labrum truncated at the end. Mandibles with a small
double tooth on the inner edge. The third joint of the
antennae is as long as, or longer than the first. These beetles
are found in hilly districts, on the banks of brooks and
streams, and on the edges of lakes.

* N. brevicollis, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 6). Elytra black,
punctate-striate; antennae, tibiae, and tarsi brown. It should
be looked for under stones.

* N. livida, Linn. This species is distinguished by its
larger size and brownish-yellow colour. It is rather local.

Genus Clivina, Latr.

These are small elongated beetles, with two teeth on the

BEETLES.

front tibiae and one on the middle pair. The first two joints of
the antennae are flattened.

* C. fossor, linn. (Plate III., Fig. 7). Antennae and legs
red. Pronotum almost quadrangular. It frequents garden
refuse, and is also found under stones in damp, sandy places.

Genus Beachintjs, Weber.

Body elongated, oval, with a long red pronotum. The
species of this genus live gregariously under stones, and if
disturbed eject a fluid from the abdomen which volatilizes, on
contact with the air, with a slight report.

* B. crepitans, Linn., the Bombardier Beetle (Plate III., Fig.
8). The third and fourth joints of the antennae are black, and
the elytra blue-black and finely punctate-striate. It is common
on the south coast of England, especially on the chalk, and
also near the mouth of the Thames.

* B. explodens , Duft. This has also the third and fourth
joints of the antennae black, but is smaller and more finely
punctured. It is found in similar localities to the last species.

Genus Lebia, Latr.

Elongated oval beetles with a heart-shaped thorax. They
are small and generally brightly coloured, and are to be sought
for under stones, on bushes, and in cracks in the ground.

The four following species are all found in Britain:

* L. chlorocephala , Hoff. (Plate III., Fig 9). Wing-cases
with the interspaces between the striae distinctly punctured.
It is not uncommon in this country, and may be sought for
under stones.

* L. cyaTiocephala, Linn. This is distinguished by the black
tips of the femora. The habits of this species are similar to
those of the last. It is very local.

BEETLES.

* L. crux minor , Linn. Smaller than the last species, with
orange-coloured elytra, marked with a black cross. It is scarce
and local.

* I. hcemorrhoidalis, Fabr. This is the smallest species.
It has black wing-cases with red tips. It lives on bushes,
and is extremely rare.

Genus Cymindis, Latr.

This genus resembles Brachinus , but has a broader thorax,
and is flatter. The species are found under stones on the
borders of woods.

0. humeralis, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 10). Elytra strongly
striated with yellow shoulder spots. This beetle hibernates
under stones, but is not gregarious. It is common in many
parts of Europe.

Genus Loricera, Latr.

These are more compressed than the species of Cymindis.
The first joint of the antennae is long, and has long stiff hairs
upon it, as is the case also with the six following joints.
These beetles are found under damp leaves and near ponds.

* L. joilicornis, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 11). This is the only
species found in Britain. It is greenish-bronze, with the elytra
punctate-striate. It frequents damp places.

Genus Panag^eus, Latr.

Pronotum round; elytra broader than in the last genus.
They are found in sandy places, under moss, and hibernate.

* P. crux major, Linn. (Plate III., Fig. 12). This species
varies, and the transverse black band is sometimes found
broken up into three round spots (var., trimaculatus, Dej.).
It is found under stones and moss, but is local.

* P. quadripustulatus, Sturm, resembles the last species, but

BEETLES.

the two posterior reddish spots are bordered with black all
round.

Genus CHL/ENIUS, Bon.

Moderate-sized beetles with a more or less broad pronotum
and filiform antennae, the third joint of which is longer than
the fourth. They live under moss and stones, near water.

* C. schranki, Duft. (Plate III., Fig. 13): Thorax green,
with a golden or coppery lustre; legs rusty-red. It frequents
damp places in meadows, and the banks of streams, but is
very rare in Britain.

* C. nigricornis, Fabr., is similar, but has the antennae black,
with the exception of the first joint, which is rusty-red.

* G. vestitus, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 14), has the edges of
the elytra, as well as the antennae and legs, yellow. It is
common in damp places in the neighbourhood of London.

Genus Pcecilus, Bon.

The first joint of the antennae is laterally compressed so as
to form a sharp ridge above. These beetles must be sought
for under stones.

* P. cupreus, Linn. (Plate III., Fig. 15). Wing-cases metallic-
green, coppery-red, blue, greenish, or blue-black. The first
joint of the antennae is reddish-brown. It is common and
widely distributed.

* P. lepidus, Fabr., is similar, but wingless. It has the
antennae completely black. It is very local.

* P. dimidiatus, Oliv. Elytra punctate-striate. Base of
antennae reddish-brown. It is rare.

Genus Omaseus, Ziegl.

Black beetles of moderate size, with the first joint of
the antennae rounded at the end. Some of the species are

BEETLES.

apterous. Elytra elongated, and only slightly convex. They
jnay be found running on paths, or under stones.

* 0. vulgaris, Linn. (Plate III., Fig. 16). The thorax is
obtuse, narrower behind than in front, with a corrugated
groove and two deep longitudinal depressions. It is a common
species.

* 0. nigrita, Fabr. Much smaller than the last, and with
the elytra grooved with three deep punctures.

Genus Sphodrus, Clairv.

Body elongated, oval. Antennae half the length of the
body, finely pubescent from the fourth joint onwards. They
frequent damp places in woods, under stones, &c., but are
also sometimes met with in cellars and outhouses.

* S. leucophthalmus, Linn. (Plate III., Fig. 17). Elytra
finely punctate-striate. It must be looked for in damp places,
under stones, and beneath fallen leaves, or in cellars.

Genus Steropus, Ziegl.

This genus resembles the last, but the pronotum is more
rounded behind. It is found on paths and under stones.

* S. madidus, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 18). Elytra with three
deep punctures. It is fairly common beneath stones, &c.

* S. azthiops, Illig., is like the last species, but has a deep
concavity in the hinder angles of the pronotum. It is found
in mountainous districts.

Genus Pterostichus, Bon.

Black, apterous beetles of moderate size, with the thorax
narrower behind than in front. They are also found beneath
stones, especially in hilly districts.

* P. niger, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 19). Wing-cases without
punctures in the interspaces. Common under stones.

BEETLES.

* P. parumpu'flctatus, Germ. Wing-cases with a metallic
lustre, oval, and deeply striated, with three punctures in the,
third interspace. It is found under stones on hill-sides.

P. metatticus, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 21). This is distinguished
by the coppery lustre of the wing-cases. It is common in
mountainous districts on the Continent.

Genus Abax, Bon.

Bather large, black beetles, with a very broad thorax, and a
compressed form. They are found under stones and moss.

* A. striola, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 20). Thorax widest in
the middle, with two deep longitudinal depressions. It is
common in many parts of Britain.

Genus Molops, Ziegl.

This genus resembles the last, but the wing-cases are some¬
what convex, and the pronotum is more rounded. Their habits
are the same as those of Pterostichus.

M. terricola , Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 22). Thorax heart-
shaped; wing-cases smoothly furrowed. It is common on
wooded hills.

Genus Zabrus, Clairv.

These are easily distinguished by their stout, almost cyclin-
drical shape, which separates them from all the allied genera.
They live in fields.

* Z. gibbus, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 23). These humpbacked
black beetles are sometimes found trodden upon on field paths.
They are said to live on the grain of wheat, and the larvae
on the shoots and young corn; but most ground-beetles feed
only on insects, and this is the most notable exception among
them.

BEETLES.

Genus Anisodactylus, Dej.

Compact, flattened beetles, with four expanded joints to
the front tarsi in the males. They are found under stones.

* A. binotatus, Fabr. Shining black, with deeply-furrowed
wing-cases, and an almost quadrangular pronotum. The
antennae are rusty-red at the base, and the legs either rusty-
red or black. It is common under stones, and flies about in
the fields in early spring. Its length is 10-12 mm.

Genus Amara, Bon.

This genus is very like the last. The terminal joints of the
maxillary palpi are oval. There are a number of species
which are very difficult to distinguish. They are found under
stones and among fallen leaves.

* A. communis, Illig. (Plate III., Fig. 25). The first three
joints of the antennae, and the base of the fourth, as well as
the tibiae, are red. The wing-cases are simply striped. It is
about 8 mm. in length, and is widely distributed.

* A. plebeia, Gyll. The front of the pronotum is excavated.
The antennae are brownish, with the first three joints and
the tibiae orange. It is about 7 mm. in length. It is common.

* A. fulva, De Geer. Shining reddish-brown, with two exca¬
vations on the sides of the pronotum posteriorly. Elytra
punctate-striate. It is about the same size as the preceding,
and frequents sandy places.

* A. obsoleta, Dej. Oval, bronzy, with the first three joints
of the antennae red. Pronotum with only a shallow impression.
Length, about 9 mm. It is widely distributed.

* A. acuminata, Payk. This is similar to the last, but with
the elytra somewhat pointed and finely striated. Length,
10 mm. Widely distributed, but local.

BEETLES.

* A. trivialis, Gy 11. The first three joints of the antennse
and the femora are orange-coloured. The wing-cases are finely
striated. Length, 7 mm. It is common throughout the kingdom.

* A. familiaris, Duft. Long, oval, with the upper surface
greenish-bronze. The first three joints of the antennse, and
the base of the fourth, as well as the legs, are reddish-brown.
Wing-cases faintly punctate-striate. Length, 7-8 mm. Common.

* A. vulgaris, Dej. The striae on the elytra are deepest
beyond the middle. The antennse are black, with the first
joint, and sometimes also the under-surface of the second,
red. The legs are entirely black. It has a length of
7-8 mm.

Genus Anchomenus, Erichs. (Platynus, Bon.)

Flattened beetles, of moderate size, many of them richly
coloured, with the labrum truncated and the claws simple.
They live under stones, in rotten wood, and beneath fallen
leaves.

* A. sexpunctatus, Linn. (Plate III., Fig. 26). The reddish-
golden wing-cases have a row of five or six deep punctures.
It is found in damp places on heaths, but is not common.
It is about 6 mm. long.

* A. pradnus, Fabr. Much smaller than the last. Wing-
cases brown, with a greenish spot behind.

* A. albipes, Fabr. This species is winged and larger than
the last, and entirely black except the antennae and legs, which
are pale ochre-yellow. It is about 8 mm. long. Abundant in
damp places.

* A. angusticollis, Fabr. (juneeus , Scop.) Black, with pitchy-
brown antennae and legs. It is nearly twice as large as the
last species. It is common under loose bark, &e.

* A. marginatus, Linn. Upper surface bright green. Wing-

BEETLES.

cases edged with white. Length, 10 mm. It frequents the
banks of streams and ponds.

* A. viduus, Panz. Dark bronzy-green above; legs and feet
black. It is rather smaller than the last species.

Genus Harpalus, Latr.

Usually dark-coloured beetles of moderate size, with the
pronotum as large as the abdomen. They are found under
stones and on paths.

* R. azureus , Fabr. Blue or green above, and pitchy-brown
beneath, with red legs. Local on the chalk.

* R. sabulicola, Panz. This is more than twice as large as
the last species. The pronotum is thickly punctured, and the
legs are reddish-brown. It is found in chalky and sandy places.

* R. obscurus, Pabr. ( nec Daws). Is very similar, but rather
smaller. This species is very rare.

* R. ruficornis, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 28). Pronotum only
punctured on the front and hind borders. The antennae have
a thick golden-yellow pubescence. It is common in gardens,
where it is often dug up with the mould.

* R. census, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 27). Green, blue, coppery-
red or blackish, with the antennae and legs red. The thorax
has the angles obtuse. It is larger than azureus, and is very
common throughout the kingdom.

Genus Callistus, Bon.

Pronotum nearly heart-shaped, antennae filiform, not
pubescent. The only species is richly coloured, and is found
under stones.

* C. lunatus, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 29). Pronotum red,
elytra yellow, with three black spots on each. It is local,
being found chiefly in chalky districts.

BEETLES.

Genus Bembidhjm, Latr.

These are delicate little beetles, for the most part with an
elongated pronotum and variously coloured wing-cases. They
are found under stones, in meadows, and are common in damp
sand, under reeds and fallen leaves.

* B. quadrimaculatum, Panz. Shining black, with the base
of the antenna and legs yellow. Length, 4 mm.

* B. artimlatum, Panz. Metallic green, with the base of
the antenna and the legs yellow. Wing-cases yellowish-brown
in front and brown behind, with a yellow spot. It is of the
same size as the last species, and is most commonly met with
on the banks of streams and ponds.

* B. lampros , Herbst. Wing-cases shining bronze colour,
striated. The base of the antenna and the legs are red. The
pronotum is short and heart-shaped. Length, 4 mm.

* B. decorum , Panz. The wing-cases are elongated, greenish-
blue, with seven strongly-punctured stria. The base of the
antenna, as well as the legs, are orange-colour. Length, 5 mm.

* B. ( Tachypus) flavipes, Linn. This species is shining
coppery with green spots. The base of the antenna, the palpi,
and legs are entirely yellowish-brown. Length, 5 mm.

* B. biguttatitm, Fabr. (Plate III., Fig. 30). The base of the
antenna, the legs, and a round spot on the wing-cases are
orange-colour, and the tips of the wing-cases are usually also
tipped with this colour. Length, about 4 mm.

* B. quadriguttatum, Fabr. This species is black, with two
pale yellow spots on the wing-cases. The base of the antenna
and the legs are reddish-ochreous. The length is about 5 mm.

Family III. DYTISCIDiE (Carnivorous Water Beetles).

Antenna with ten or eleven joints, setiform or filiform;

BEETLES.

body oval; pronotum broader than long. The last pair of
legs are flattened and paddle-shaped, set with long bristles.
The front tarsi have small pulvilli in the males of the larger
species, which enable them to keep their footing on smooth
surfaces. They are more common in standing than in flowing
water.

Genus Halipltjs, Latr.

Small, elongated, oval beetles, measuring about 3-4 mm. in
length, with the body stout and strongly convex beneath.
The pronotum is produced into a spine behind. They live in
stagnant water.

* H. flavicollis, Sturm. Pale yellowish-brown, with the
elytra darkly punctate-striate. It is found in ditches, &c.,
but is rather local.

* H. ruficollis, De Geer. Shortly oval, yellowish-brown;
pronotum with a deep longitudinal furrow on each side. This
species is of common occurrence in stagnant pools, but is
also occasionally found in running streams.

Genus Hyphydrus, Illig.

Body globose; oval, strongly convex, both above and
beneath. The hind tarsi have two claws of unequal size.
These beetles abound in stagnant water.

* H. ovatus , Linn. (Plate TV., Pig. 1). Rusty-red, with the
wing-cases darker, often blackish. It is larger than the
species of Haliplus, and is common in pools and ditches.

Genus Hydroporus, Clairv.

Body elongated, oval; hind legs filiform. The genus includes
a large number of small species, some of which live in flowing,
and others in stagnant, water.

BEETLES.

* H. incequalis, Fabr. Rusty-yellow, everywhere closely and
thickly punctured. The anterior and posterior borders of the
pronotum are black. Length, 3 mm. It abounds in ponds
and ditches.

* H. picipes, Fabr., is 5 mm. long. The upper surface and
legs are dark orange, and the pronotum is black behind, whilst
the lateral borders of the wing-cases are dark brown. It is
common in ditches and puddles in the London district.

* R. planus , Fabr. Black, somewhat flattened, with the
front and back of the head reddish-brown. Each elytron has
five rows of coarse punctures. Length, 6 mm. It is common
in ponds and ditches.

* H. palustris, Linn. (Plate IV., Fig. 2). Wing-cases dark
brown; pronotum bordered with reddish-brown on the sides.
Prosternum and legs rusty-red. Length, 4-5 mm. It is common
everywhere in standing water.

Genus Laccophilus, Leach.

These are oval, slightly convex beetles. The scutellum is
not visible. The antennae are slender and filiform. They are
found in clear standing water, and are very restless, constantly
swimming about near the bottom.

* L. minutus, Linn., is 4-5 mm. in length. The wing-cases
are dark brown, with four large and two smaller spots. It is
common everywhere.

Genus Colymbetes, Clairv.

Scutellum distinct. The prosternum is prolonged into a
point behind. Front legs expanded in the males. They are
found in lakes and ponds.

* C. (i Gymatopterus) fuscus, Linn. (Plate IV., Fig. 3), is the

4 .

BEETLES.

largest of the genus. The under-surface is black, with brown
legs. It is common everywhere. Length, 16 mm.

* G. ( Rhantus) pulverosus, Stephens, is 12 mm. long, and
is flattened; the wing-cases are brownish-yellow sprinkled
with black dots. The under-surface is entirely black.

* 0. (Rhantus) notatus, Fabr. (Plate IV., Fig. 4), resembles the
last species, but has the prosternum yellow. Length, 10 mm.
Both are common in the London district, though local else¬
where.

Genus Ilybius, Erichs.

This genus is similar to the last, but the two end joints of
the labial palpi are nearly equal in length. They are moderate¬
sized, somewhat convex beetles, and live in wells and in other
standing water.

* I. fuliginosus, Fabr. (Plate IV., Fig. 5). The pronotum and
elytra are bronzy, with a uniformly broad, yellowish-brown
border.

* J. fenestratus , Fabr., is only slightly convex, and has
the border narrowed behind. Both these species are about
10 mm. in length, and are common in ditches and ponds.

Genus Agabus, Leach.

Appendage of the prosternum pointed; scutellum distinct;
hind legs with two equal movable claws. They are flattened
beetles, mostly brown, and of medium size. They are generally
found in running water, and in the winter reside gregariously
under moss or at the roots of trees.

* A. bipustulatus, Linn. (Plate IV., Fig. 6). This species is
oval, and has two dots on the front of the head. It is common
everywhere. Length, 10 mm.

* A. chalconotus, Panz., is smaller than the last species, and

BEETLES.

of a blackish-brown colour. The raised borders of the wing-
cases and the legs are reddish-brown. It also is common.

* A. maculatus, Linn., is 8 mm. in length. It is oval, with
the elytra yellow, spotted with brown, and rusty-red legs. It
is common everywhere in running streams.

Genus Cybistek, Curtis (Tkogus, Leach).

Body broad, irregularly oval. The appendage of the proster¬
num is pointed behind. The front legs of the males are
expanded and flattened. They live in stagnant water.

C. Roeselii, Bergst. (Plate IV., Pig. 7). Pronotum and wing-
cases smooth in the male, finely ribbed in the female. It is
common in large fish-ponds on the Continent, but does not
appear to be indigenous to Britain.

Genus Dytiscus, Linn. (True Water Beetles).

Elongated oval, slightly convex. The front tarsi are
expanded in the males into a rounded plate. The elytra
are generally ridged in the females. They frequent standing
water.

* D. marginalis, linn. (Plate IV., Fig. 8, male; Fig. 9,
female). The appendage of the prosternum is bluntly pointed.
It is common in ponds and stagnant water.

D. latissimus , Linn. (Plate IV., Fig. 10). Elytra with very
broad lateral borders. This large beetle, which attains a length
of nearly 4 cm, is found only in lakes on the Continent; it is
not British.

* D. circuTncinctus, Ahrens (Plate IV., Fig. 11). This is
similar to the last species, but smaller. The process of the
metastemum is narrow and pointed. It lives in fish-ponds.

* D. circumjlexus, Fabr., is similar, but the female has

BEETLES.

smooth wing-cases. The scutellum is rusty-red, and the
appendage of the metasternum is narrow and pointed. It is
found in ponds and ditches, but is not common.

* D. punctulatus, Fabr. (Plate IV., Pig. 12). Metasternum
produced behind into two blunt and rounded processes. It is
chiefly found in running water, and is common and widely
distributed.

Genus Acilius, Leach.

Body oval, slightly convex. The appendage of the pro-
sternum is rounded at the end. The front tibise of the males
are expanded and flattened. They are found in any kind of
standing water.

* A. sulcatus, Linn. (Plate IV., Pig. 13). Shortly oval.
Wing-cases with four broad, hairy furrows in the female.
It is common in lakes and ponds.

Genus Hydaticus, Leach.

Slightly convex species, elongated ovate. The projection on
the prosternum is rounded at the end. The males have pulvilli
of nearly equal size on the under-surface of the tarsi. The
wing-cases are not furrowed in the females. They are of
moderate size, and may be found in ditches, swamps, and
stagnant water generally.

* H. transversalis, Fabr. Has a length of about 13 mm.
It is black, with the anterior and lateral borders of the
pronotum ferruginous. The wing-cases are broadly bordered
with yellow, and there is a narrow transverse band of the
same colour at the base. The middle tarsi of the males
have three expanded joints, and are provided with pulvilli
beneath.

BEETLES.

Family IV. GYRINIDiE (Whirligig Beetles).

These are smaller species than those of the last family.
They are shiny beetles, and are remarkable for having the eyes
completely divided in the middle, as if they had four eyes.
The antennae have a large basal joint, and the remaining joints
have the form of a small fusiform club. It is a small family,
and only six species (which are not easy to identify) are found
in Britain.

Genus Gyrinus, Linn.

Wing-cases punctate-striate. They are found gregariously
in standing or slowly flowing water, where they describe circles
on the surface. They have an air-bladder at the end of the
abdomen, and are good divers.

* G. natator , Fabr. (Plate IV., Fig. 14). This is bronze
colour beneath. The legs are reddish-brown. It is a common
species.

Genus Orectochilus, Lacord.

Wing-cases not punctate-striate. They live only in running
water, partly under stones and water-weeds, and partly on
the surface.

* 0. villosus, Fabr. (Plate IV., Fig. 15). The only British
species. It is elongated, convex, with a green shine on the
upper surface. It is rusty-red beneath. It hides in the
daytime, and swims about at night.

Family V. HYDROPHILID^E.

Body oval, or nearly round. Antennae very short, not longer
than the head, and terminating in a club. The hind legs are
broadly flattened, and ciliated. They live in standing water,
and swim by moving the legs alternately, and not like oars,

BEETLES.

and rise to the surface from time to time to take in air. They
may be brought to the top of the water by stirring up the mud
at the bottom, and can then be caught with a net.

Genus Hydkophilus, Fabr.

Antennae with nine joints, the second being conical. The
point of the metasternum projects far beyond the hind coxae.
They are large smooth beetles, and are common in standing
water almost all the year through.

* H. piceus, Linn. (Plate IV., Fig. 16). Wing-cases with a
small pointed tooth. The ridge beneath the thorax is deeply
grooved in front. The larvae feeds on water-plants, hut the
perfect insect preys upon aquatic insects and fish-spawn. The
eggs are laid in a shining silvery sac, which floats on the
surface of the water. It is very local.

Genus Hydkobius, Leach.

Body oval, or elongated; hind tarsi only slightly compressed.
The last segment of the maxillary palpi is longer than the one
preceding. They abound in standing water, at the roots of
aquatic plants.

* H. ( Hydrous ) caraboides , Fabr. (Plate IV., Fig. 17). This
species is black and convex. The hind tarsi are strongly
compressed and ciliated. It is common in stagnant water.

* H. fuscipes, Linn. (Plate IV., Fig. 18), is moderately con¬
vex, black, or pitchy-brown. The elytra are punctate-striate,
with a row of larger punctures. Length, 8 mm. Common.

H. globulus, Payk. This little species is only 3-4 mm. in
length. It is brown, with the elytra more distinctly punctate
than the head and thorax. It is widely distributed.

BEETLES.

Genus Philhydrus, Sol.

Body elongated, oval. Antennae with nine joints, with the
second conical. Only the mesosternum is keeled. The hind
legs are only slightly compressed. These beetles are found in
standing water.

* P. lividus, Forst. (Plate IV., Fig. 19). This is a moderately
convex, brownish-yellow beetle. The wing-cases are without
an impressed sutural line. It is a common species.

Genus Laccobius, Erichs.

Body small, almost hemispherical. Antennae with eight
joints, with a long three-jointed club. The hind legs have a
row of swimming hairs on the upper surface. They live in
standing water, at the roots of aquatic plants.

* L. minutus, Linn. Only 3-4 mm. in length. Elytra
greyish-yellow, spangled with black, closely punctate-striate.
It is not common.

* Genus Berostjs, Leach.

Body elongated, oval. The wing-cases are deeply punctate-
striate. The hind tibiae and tarsi are ciliated. They live at
the roots of plants growing in standing water.

* B. luridus, Linn. This is a very convex, dirty brownish-
yellow insect. The wing-cases are generally spotted with
darker, and terminate in a point. Length, 4-5 mm. It is
found in pools, but is local.

Genus Helophorus, Fabr.

These are for the most part longish, oval little beetles, with
nine joints to the antennae, the last three of which are en¬
larged. The thorax has five longitudinal furrows. They live
on the margin of standing water.

BEETLES.

* H. aquations , Linn. (Plate IV., Fig. 20). Wing-cases deeply
punctate-striate, dark brownish-yellow, with a metallic shine.
It varies considerably in size. It is widely distributed.

* H. granularis, linn., is only 2 mm. in length, brownish-
yellow, with indistinct black spots, and a small distinct dark
spot beyond the middle of the suture. It is rare.

Ochthebius, Leach.

Thorax narrowed behind. Antennae with a club composed
of five joints. The first joint of the labial palpi is very short,
and the two next are of equal length. They live on the
margins of standing water and brooks, under stones and
macerated twigs.

* 0. pygvrweus, Fabr. Only 1J mm. long, oval, slightly convex,
pale pitch-brown. The whole of the thorax and abdomen
is uniformly punctate-striate. It is a common species.

Genus Hydkjsna, Kugel.

Quite small species of an elongated form, with an octagonal
thorax, having a curved excavation on each side. The wing-
cases are longer than broad. They are found under water-
plants and under stones.

* H. gracilis. Germ. Black and somewhat convex, with the
antennae, legs and palpi light red. The wing-cases are dark
reddish-brown, scarcely broader than the thorax, each with six
rows of deep punctures, not closely placed. Length, 1-2 mm.

Genus Cyclonotum, Erichs.

Body hemispherical. Wing-cases separately rounded behind.
The metastemum is keeled and projects between the middle
coxae. They are found in stagnant water.

* G. orbiculare, Fabr. Shining black, densely punctate.

BEETLES.

Wing-cases with a longitudinal line next to the suture, which
disappears in front. Length, 3-4 mm. It is not uncommon.

Genus Sph^ridium, Fabr.

Slightly oval beetles, having both of the elytra rounded behind.
The metasternum does not in these extend between the middle
coxae. They do not live in the water, but in fresh dung.

* S. scarabceoides, Fabr. Wing-cases with a large and often
indistinct blood-red spot at the base, and a large yellow one
at the extremity. It is a common species.

* S. bipustulatum, Fabr. (Plate IV., Fig. 21). Smaller than
the last species. The pronotum has narrow yellow lateral
borders, and so have the elytra, which also have a large yellow
spot at the tip. It is rather common.

Genus Cercyon, Leach.

Small, smooth, rounded beetles. The prothorax has a small
point near the middle, but the metasternum does not extend
between the middle coxse. Some live in damp places, under
stones, and others in dung.

* O.Jlavipes , Fabr. (Plate IV., Fig. 22). Moderately convex,
black and shining. The wing-cases are reddish-ochreous on
the lateral borders, and at the tip often reddish-brown. It
is very common.

Family YI. STAPHYLINID.® (Eove Beetles).

Wing-cases much reduced in length, generally covering only
the wings and the base of the abdomen. The abdomen is
composed of seven or eight freely movable segments. This
is a very large family, comprising, for the most part, little
elongated, black species, which live beneath moss, bark and
stones, in decomposing substances and animal refuse, in the

BEETLES.

ground, in fungi, in ant - hills, on damp sandy shores,
and on flowers. The larvae, which resemble them closely,
generally prey upon other insects. Many of the beetles have
a peculiar odour, and when approached raise their tails. Many
species fly in the sunshine, and occasionally get into the human
eye. These numerous little insects are very hard to identify,
and we shall therefore only mention a few of the more
important genera.

Genus Myrmedonia, Erichs.

Body elongated; head separated from the thorax by a short
neck. The antennae are longer than the head, the second joint
being much shorter than the third. The maxillae are bilobate,
with fine pubescence. They are common under stones, especially
where there are ants.

* M. canaliculata, Fabr. Brick-red, closely punctured, with
a black transverse band across the middle of the abdomen.
The pronotum is rather longer than broad, with rounded
angles. It is common in the vicinity of ant-nests, under
stones, &c.

Genus Homalota, Mannerh.

Maxillae with small spines on the inner margin. There are
no ocelli. This is a large genus of several hundred small
species, mostly only 3-4 mm. in length, which abound beneath
stones and in damp places.

* H. fungi, Grav. Black and rather shining. The legs and
antennae are reddish-brown, the first joint of the latter being
somewhat swollen. The pronotum is slightly longer than the
wing-cases. It abounds in fungi and in damp localities.

* H. graminicola, Grav. Shining black, with silky down. The
pronotum is somewhat quadrate, with two deep depressions.
The legs are pitchy, with red tarsi. It is very common in fungi.

BEETLES.

Genus Aleochara, Grav.

Labial palpi four-jointed; all the tarsi five-jointed. The
pronotum has the edges not raised. They vary from 2-5 mm.
in length, and live in dung.

A. fuscipes , Fabr. Antennae half as long again as the
body, thickened in the middle and red at the base. The legs
and wing-cases are red, the latter black towards the scutellum
and at the sides. Length, 5-6 mm. A very common species.

Genus Lomechusa, Grav.

Labial palpi three-jointed. Pronotum with raised lateral
borders. The front tarsi with four, the hind tarsi with five,
joints. They live in the company of ants.

* L. paradoxa , Grav. The last joint of the antennse is thicker
than it is long, and is compressed. The thorax is smooth,
slightly narrowed, and rounded at the sides. Length, 5 mm.
It is found in the nests of the red ant.

Genus Tachyporus, Grav.

Wing-cases longer than the pronotum; antennse filiform.
Maxillary palpi, with the terminal joint pyramidal. The
abdomen is bordered. They are found under decomposing
vegetable matter.

* T. obtusus, Linn. Body smooth, orange-coloured; thorax,
and the front half of the wing-cases and the tip of the
abdomen, blue-black. Length, 4-5 mm. Fairly common.

* T. brunneus , Fabr. Bather smaller than the last species.
The wing-cases and abdomen are distinctly punctured, the
latter being entirely orange-coloured. It is a common species.

Genus Tachinus, Grav.

Elytra as in the last genus; the maxillary palpi are, however,

BEETLES.

fili f orm, with the last joint neither thicker nor longer than
the last bnt one. They are fonnd in dung, on the exuded sap
of trees, and in damp places.

* T. rufipes, Be Geer. Dark brown, convex, finely and
closely punctured. The base of the antennae and the legs are
orange-colonred. Length, 7 mm. It is a common species.

* T. Jlavipes, Fabr. Of the same size as the preceding, but
less convex; dark brown, with light reddish-brown legs and
wing-cases. It is not so common.

Genus Bolitobius, Stephens.

Elytra as long as the thorax;. Antennae and maxillary palpi
filiform. These beetles are found in fungi and under decom¬
posing vegetable debris.

* B. atricapillus, Fabr. This species is bright red, with the
head, sternum, elytra and tip of the abdomen black. On the
elytra there is a pale yellow transverse mark near the base, and
the posterior border is of the same colour. Length, 6-7 mm.
It is common in Boleti.

Genus Qtjedius, Stephens.

Antennae filiform; body elongated, slightly tapering at both
extremities; head rounded, with a slight constriction between
it and the thorax. They are found in damp and dark places.

* Q. fulgidus , Fabr. Wing-cases black or brick-red, finely
punctured and pubescent. The pronotum is expanded at the
sides. Length, 6-11 mm. It is common under moss and in
cellars from March to November. The larva feeds on maggots.

Genus Creophilus, Stephens.

Antennae somewhat clubbed, gradually thickened from the
seventh to the tenth joint. Palpi filiform, the fourth joint

BEETLES.

of the maxillary palpi shorter than the third. Hind
tibiae with spines. Front tarsi expanded. The only British
species is:

* C. maxillosus , Linn. (Plate V., Fig. 1). Head and thorax
with hair only on the sides. It is found generally on carrion.

Genus Emus, Leach.

Antennae slightly thickened only at the end, the sixth to
the tenth joint being broad.

* S. hirtus, Linn. (Plate V., Fig. 2). The pubescence on the
head, thorax, and-the three last abdominal segments is golden-
yellow. The wing-cases have a broad, grey, felt-like band
upon them. It frequents horse and cow droppings, but is
not common.

Genus Leistotrophus, Perty.

Only the end of the antennae is tapering. The last joint of
the maxillary palpi is smaller than the last but one. They
live in dung during the summer, and in moss in winter.

* L. nebulosus, Fabr. (Plate V., Fig. 3). Black, with a thick
grey pubescence. The base of the antennae and the legs are
orange-coloured, the latter black at the base.

* L. murinus, Linn., is smaller than the last, and has black
legs and palpi. Both species have a predilection for human
faeces.

Genus Staphylinus, Linn.

Antennae filiform, the terminal joint emarginate at the
tip. Palpi filiform, the last joint being as long as that
preceding. They live under decomposing vegetable refuse,
in dung and carrion, and if disturbed raise the abdomen and
emit a penetrating odour.

BEETLES.

* & ccesareus , Cederh. (Plate V., Pig. 4). Black, with a dull
gloss; wing-cases and legs red; abdominal segments with
golden-yellow lateral spots. It is common on paths and roads.

S. fossor, Scop. (Plate V., Pig. 5). Black, with a dark
reddish-brown head and thorax. The elytra, tibiae, and tarsi
are orange-coloured and hairy. The abdominal segments with
small, shining, golden spots. Length, 13-15 mm. It is met
with in damp moss in woods, and is common on the Continent,
though absent from our fauna.

* S. puhescens, De Geer. Bather smaller than the last species;
black, spotted with dense brownish-grey pubescence, varied
with golden-yellow hair on the head and on the middle of the
abdomen. The legs are black. It is not common.

* S. erythropterus, Linn. Black, with a dull shine, with the
base and the end of the antennae, the elytra and legs, red.
Scutellum yellow. The last three abdominal segments are
spotted with yellow. Length, 13-15 mm. It is found in
woods in the north of England.

* S. stercorarius, Oliv. Black, with the base of the antennae,
the elytra and legs, reddish-brown. The scutellum is velvety-
black. There is a triangular spot on the second and third
segments of the abdomen, and a broad silvery-white band on
the sixth. Length, 14-15 mm. This species is rare.

Genus Ocypus, Stephens.

Antennae more slender than in Staphylinus; abdomen slender
and of uniform thickness. The middle coxae are in contact.
These beetles also live in carrion, dung, and decomposing
vegetable matter.

* 0. olens, Miill. The Devil’s Coach-horse (Plate V., Fig. 6).
This species is dull black, and is provided with wings. It is

BEETLES.

common throughout the British Isles. The larva makes a pit
in which it lies in wait for other insects.

* 0. similis, Fabr., is 17-19 mm. in length, dull black, finely
pubescent, and wingless. The elytra are only slightly shorter
than the pronotum, and are closely punctured, as is also the
abdomen. It is found under stones, in moss, &c., but is locaL

* 0. cupreus. Boss. Black, and provided with wings. The
head and pronotum are bronzy, and the antennae and palpi red,
whilst the elytra are brown, with grey down. The legs are
black. It is common under stones.

* 0, cyaneus , Payk. (Plate V., Fig. 7). This species is black,
with a dull gloss, finely punctured, and is provided with wings.
The head, thorax, and wing-cases are dark blue. The antennae
are tipped with rusty-brown. Length, 15-22 mm. It is a
scarce species, which is sometimes met with run nin g over
woodland paths.

Genus Philonthus, Leach.

Antennae not elbowed. Head rounded, square, or oval, with
a neck-like constriction between it and the pronotum, which is
as long as it is broad. Wing-cases truncated, middle coxae in
contact or only slightly separated. They are black species of
moderate size, and live in putrefying animal and vegetable
matters, under moss and stones, or on the exuded sap of trees.

* P. splendens, Fabr. Shining black, with metallic-green
elytra. The pronotum is not punctured. The elytra are
rather closely punctured and covered with black hair. Length,
10-13 mm.

* P. ceneus, Bossi. This species is black, with the head and
thorax bronzy-black, and the wing-cases metallic-green. The
head is almost quadrilateral, with five punctures between the
eyes. The pronotum with two to four punctures on the surface,

BEETLES.

45-

and a row of punctures along the margins. The wing-cases are
also finely punctured. Length, 9-15 mm. It is common on
dung, carrion, and fungi, in which the beetles and larvae hunt
for the grubs of gnats.

* P. nigritulus, Grav. Black and elongated, with the first
joints of the antennae dark pitchy - brown. The legs are
generailly brownish-yellow. Each row of punctures on the
pronotum consists of three. The wing-cases are punctured,
with a fine grey pubescence. Length, 4 mm.

P. cyanipennis , Eabr. (Plate V., Eig. 8). Black, with bright
blue wing-cases. The head is rounded, with several punctures-
behind the eyes. Pronotum rather broader than long. It
lives in fungi, and, though found in various places on the
Continent, is not British.

Genus Xaotholinus, Serv.

Antennae slightly elbowed, with no greater distance between
the two than between them and the eyes. Palpi filiform.
Wing-cases with the sutural borders overlapping. Coxae of
the middle legs not in contact. They live in decomposing
vegetable matter and in dung.

* X. fulgidics , Eahr. Shining black, with red elytra and legs.
The pronotum is smooth, with a deep groove on each side.
The elytra are irregularly punctured. Length, 9 mm . It is
found in vegetable ddbris, dead wood, &e.

* X. punetulatus, Payk. Black, with the antennae, elytra,
and legs either dark green or rusty-brown. The pronotum
is longer than broad, with very various punctuations. It is
a common species in moss, cut grass, &e.

Genus Lathrobium, Grav.

The front of the head projects over the base of the antennae

BEETLES.

in this genus, and the last joint of the maxillary palpi is
tapering. The body is very slender. The species are numerous,
and have an elongated form. They live in damp woods under
moss, leaves, and stones.

* L. elongatum , Linn. Shining black; antennae, legs, and
wing-cases orange, the last with the base black. The wing-
cases are longer than the pronotum. The head is nearly round.
Length, 8 mm. It is found in woods among moss.

* L. fulvipenne , Grav. Of the same size as the last species.
The pronotum is as long as the elytra, which are reddish-brown,
nlosely punctured. It is common in moss, flood-refuse, &c.

Genus Pjedekus, Grav.

Pronotum rounded, nearly oval; wing-cases truncated
behind; body slender, with long slender legs; antennae
straight and filiform. They live near brooks and streams,
generally gregariously under leaves and stones, but may also
be seen running about on the ground.

* P. riparius, Linn. Wing-cases blue; antennae black, with
the base orange. The pronotum, the first four segments of
the abdomen, the mesosternum, and legs are orange-coloured.
Length, 6-7 mm. A local insect, which likes to hibernate
in rotten willows.

P. ruficollis , Fabr. Blue-black, with a red pronotum, and
black antennae, palpi, and legs. Length, 8-9 mm.

Genus Stenus, Latr.

Abdomen either completely round, or with the upper and
nether surfaces separated by a lateral border. The antennae
are situated between the eyes. The pronotum is narrower
than the head. These beetles live in damp places, such as
the banks of brooks, and in swamps, as well as under fallen
leaves in woods. There are a great many species.

BEETLES.

* S. binotatus, Ljungh. Black, closely punctured, and pubes¬
cent. The antennae and palpi are pitchy-brown, and the
front of the head is flat and very slightly furrowed. The
tarsi are blackish-brown, the third joint being expanded,
and the fourth bilobate. Length, 6 mm. Found in reeds
and in damp grass, but local.

* S. biguttatus, Linn. This species is of the same size as the
preceding. It is black, with the wing-cases coarsely punctured,
each with a small, round, orange spot behind the middle. The
abdomen has a border. It is common on sandy shores.

* 8. bipunctatus, Erichs., is very similar, but the yellow spots
on the wing-cases are everywhere equidistant, and the front of
the head is more slightly furrowed. Local.

Genus Oxypokus, Fabr.

Antennae slightly elbowed, scarcely as long as the head,
which is larger and broader than the thorax. The elytra are
narrower than the thorax, which is half again as broad as it is
long, and is much narrowed behind. In the males the head
is larger, and the end of the sixth abdominal segment is
slightly emarginate. They live in fungi.

* 0. rufus, Linn. (Plate V., Fig. 9). Shining black, with the
pronotum, the first four abdominal segments, and the legs, red.
The wing-cases have a large orange-coloured shoulder-spot.
They are found in the larger Boleti.

0. maxillosus, Fabr. (Plate V., Fig. 10). Reddish-ochreOus,
with the head and pronotum pitchy-black. The elytra are
pale yellowish-brown, with the extreme tips black. It is
found in Agarici.

Genus Bledius, Leach.

Body of nearly uniform breadth throughout, These species
are provided with wings. The head is rather narrower than

BEETLES.

the pronotum, which is generally much broader than long.
The abdomen has raised lateral borders. The antennae are
elbowed, the first joint being long. The males often have
horns on the head or pronotum. They reside in the sand on
the banks of streams and lakes, in holes which they have made
for themselves.

* B. tricornis, Herbst. Black, with reddish-brown antennae
and legs. The elytra are red, and there is a triangular black
mark on the pronotum. On each side of the front of the
head there is a rather long, broadly-compressed horn. The
thorax and elytra are closely punctured. The end of the
abdomen is red. Length, 5-7 mm. It is only found in salt
marshes, &c.

* B. fracticornis, Payk. Black, with the legs and base of the
antennae red. The elytra are black or red, closely and deeply
punctured. The pronotum has a longitudinal furrow. Length,
2 mm. It is local.

Genus Oxytelus, Grav.

Body of uniform breadth, flattened. Wings are present.
The head is prominent, and is attached to the pronotum by a
very short neck. The elytra are short, scarcely as long as they
are broad, and usually a little broader than the pronotum.
They live in dung, under damp moss and dead leaves, and a few
in sandy shores. The two following are very common species.

* 0. rugosus, Fabr. Black, and somewhat shining, with
reddish pitchy-brown legs. The front of the head, the pro¬
notum, and wing-cases are all deeply and closely punctured,
the pronotum with three longitudinal grooves. Length,
4Jr mm.

* 0. depressus, Grav. The head, pronotum, and elytra are
very finely and closely shagreened, and the front of the head

BEETLES.

is slightly depressed on both sides. On the pronotum there
are three longitudinal furrows. Length, l|-2 mm.

Genus Anthopeagus, Gray.

Body elongated, slightly convex. Wings are present. The
wing-cases are broader than the pronotum. There are no
spines on the tibiae. The antennae are fine and filiform. They
live on plants and flowers, especially in hilly districts, and prey
upon other insects.

A. caraboides, Linn. Reddish-ochreous, with the head and
end of the abdomen pitchy-hrown. The pronotum is finely
punctured, and the wing-cases are closely and more strongly
punctured. Length, 4 mm.

Genus Omalium, Grav.

Body generally elongated, often flat. Wings are present.
The head (together with the eyes) is almost triangular. The
pronotum is short, obcordate, or transverse, narrowed behind.
The antennae are slightly thickened towards the tips. They are
found on flowering plants and bushes, in grass, and some under
the bark of trees in the galleries of wood-boring beetles, the
larvae of which they feed upon.

* 0. rivulare , Payk. Shining black, with the legs and base
of the antennae yellowish-brown. The wing-cases are darker.
The head and pronotum are closely punctured, with two
elongated deep grooves. Length, 3-3 J mm. Common in dung,
fungi, on flowers, and in the nests of ants.

* 0 . 'planum , Payk. Shining black, finely punctured. The
pronotum has a slight furrow and an oblong depression on each
side at the base. The elytra are testaceous, brown, and punctured,
and the legs are of the same colour. The antennae are testaceous,
tipped with black. Length, 2-2 J mm. Local, but not uncommon.

BEETLES.

Genus Anthobium, Leach.

Body short and broad, somewhat flattened. Wings are
present. The head is nearly triangular, with a smooth front,
and rather large, prominent eyes. The pronotum is slightly
narrower than the elytra, which almost cover the abdomen.
The antennae are usually thickened towards the extremity.
They are found in flowers, and particularly in hilly districts.

* A. ophthalmicum, Payk. Testaceous, finely punctured, with
a black head and prominent eyes. The elytra are glossy
yellow, and twice as long as the thorax. The abdomen is
black, and so are the tips of the antennae. Length, about
1J-2 mm. It is common in flowers.

* A. minutum, Fabr., is about the same size as the last
species. It is black, somewhat shining, with the head slightly
punctured. The pronotum has the sides expanded and flat,
finely punctured. The wing-cases are pitchy-brown and
punctured, truncated at the end in the male, spined in the
female. The base of the antennae is testaceous, and so are
the legs. It is local, but common where it occurs.

Family YII. SILPHXDJE.

Body flat, sharply margined. Antennae with eleven joints,
rarely with only ten, gradually thickened, or with several of
the joints at the end expanded. The front coxae are conical,
and project from their articular pits. The abdomen is composed
of six movable segments. They generally live in carrion
or in the bark of trees, and thus act as scavengers in nature.

Genus Catops, Fabr.

Body elongated, oval, brown or blackish-brown. The

antennae have five expanded joints at the end, the second

•BEETLES.

of which is the smallest. The last joint of the maxillary
palpi is conically tapering. They are agile insects, which
are found under moss, dead leaves and stones, as well as in
decomposing animal and vegetable substances.

* G. tristis, Panz. Pitchy-black, with the antennae much
thickened, the first six joints being reddish-brown, and the
remainder (which are broader than they are long) brown.
The pronotum is short with rounded sides, and the wing-
cases are brown and indistinctly striated. The legs are
brown, and the tarsi rusty-yellow. Length, 4-5 mm. It is
common in carrion.

Genus Necrophilus, Illig.

Oval, convex beetles, with the five last joints of the antennae
enlarged. The last joint of the maxillary palpi is cylindrical.
The wing-cases have a broad, raised border and truncated tips,
and are dentated at the sutural angle.

N. subterraneus, Illig. This is the only European species.
It is pitchy-black, with the wing-cases punctate-striate. It
is found in damp, dark places and under stones, and often in
snail-shells. It is common in some mountainous districts in
Central Europe, but is not a British species. Length, 5-8 mm.

Genus Necrophorus, Fabr. (Burying Beetles).

Elytra truncated. Antennae with ten joints, with a very
large foliated club at the end, formed of four joints. They
are common in carrion in the summer, to which they often fly
from a considerable distance. They bury it, and lay their
eggs in it.

* N. germanicus, Linn. (Plate V., Fig. 11). This large
species has reddish-brown elytra, and a rusty-yellow spot on
the front of the head. It lives less on carrion than on other

BEETLES.

insects, especially dung-beetles, which it attacks and carries off,
and for this purpose it frequents dung-heaps. Very rare in
Britain.

* N. humator, Fabr. (Plate V., Fig. 12). Smaller than the
last, with the club of the antennae orange. It is a common
species.

* iV. vespillo, Linn. (Plate V., Fig. 13). Base of the antennae
orange. The front border of the pronotum has a thick yellow
pubescence. The hind tibiae are curved. It buries the dead
bodies of birds, moles, mice, &c., and lays its eggs in the car¬
case ; it is also frequently met with on flowers. It smells
strongly of musk.

* N. vestigator, Hersch. (Plate V., Fig. 14). The thorax is
surrounded with a yellow, woolly pubescence. The club of the
antennae is orange, and the hind tibiae are straight.

* N. ruspator, Erichs. (Plate V., Fig. 15). Black, with only
the extreme tip of the abdomen ciliated with yellowish-grey.
The bands on the wing-cases are red.

* N. mortuorum ,, Fabr. (Plate V., Fig. 16). Antennae per¬
fectly black. The first orange band on the elytra is unin¬
terrupted, but the second is broken at the apex into two large
spots. It is found in carrion and in fungi.

Genus Silpha, Linn.

Body oval or elongated; antennae gradually expanded, or
with three or four larger joints at the end. The maxillary
palpi are oval or cylindrical above. The pronotum is wedge-
shaped or semicircular. They mostly live on carrion, but also
prey on living insects. They are to be sought for in dead
carcases and under stones, and when touched throw out an
evil - smelling liquid both from the mouth and abdomen.

BEETLES.

They also destroy caterpillars, and the only species which is
to be regarded as an injurious insect is 8. atrata, the larvae
of which feed on young beetroot-plants.

* S. (Necrodes ) littoralis, Linn. (Plate Y, Pig. 17). Antennae
gradually thickened. Pronotum wedge-shaped; elytra trun¬
cated, black, with three raised longitudinal lines. They are
found in fresh or dried meat, in carrion, under stones, and in
damp moss on the banks of streams.

* 8. thoracica, Linn. (Plate YI., Pig. 1). Pronotum red, with
golden-yellow pubescence; wing-cases with three raised
longitudinal lines, and an elevation in the centre. It may
be found on dead slugs and Amphibia, in woods, &c.

* 8. rugosa, Linn. (Plate YI., Pig. 2). Antennae with three
distinct terminal joints. Head and pronotum black, with thick
grey pubescence. The elytra are transversely rugose and free
from hair. This is the commonest of the genus with us.

8. guadripunctata, Linn. (Plate YI., Pig. 3). Black, with
the lateral borders of the pronotum and the wing-cases
brownish-yellow, the latter each with a round, black spot in
the middle and another at the base. They are common in
oak woods in spring, where they attack the nests of caterpillars.

* 8. opaea, Linn. Upper surface covered with dense sessile,
grey pubescence. The wing-cases have three raised longitudinal
lines. It is said, like the rather larger 8. atrata, to be some¬
times injurious to beet.

* 8. obscura, Linn. (Plate YI., Pig. 4). Black, slightly
shining. The pronotum is scarcely emarginate in front.
The wing-cases are regularly punctured, the punctures being
at regular intervals, and not coalescing.

* 8. atrata, Linn. (Plate YI., Pig. 5). Shining black. The
pronotum is slightly concave. The elytra are roughly

BEETLES.

punctured, with three raised, smooth, longitudinal striae. It
is a very common species.

Genus Anisotoma, Illig.

Antennae eleven-jointed, five belonging to the club. The
mesosternum is finely and sharply keeled. The hind tarsi
have only four joints. Wing-cases punctate-striate. They
are mostly small beetles, varying from 1-3 mm. in length,
which live in fungi and decaying wood.

* A. cinnamomea, Panz. Elongated, yellowish-brown, with
the pronotum bordered at the sides, and widest in the middle.
The elytra are uniformly punctate-striate, with an additional
row of larger punctures between the striae. Length, 4-5 mm.
It is found in fungi, and especially in truffles.

* A. dubia, Illig. Rather flatly convex, pitchy-brown,
blackish or reddish-yellow. The pronotum is closely punc¬
tured, and the wing - cases are strongly punctate - striate.
Length, 2-3 mm.

Family VIII. SCAPHIDIIDtE.

Boat-shaped, smooth, shining little beetles, which live in
fungi and in the decaying stumps of trees. The antennae
are straight and consist of eleven joints, the last five being
enlarged. The front coxae are prominent. The number of
abdominal segments varies from five to seven.

Genus Scaphidium, Eabr.

Antennae with four or five terminal joints; eyes distinctly
emarginate. They live in fungi growing on trees.

* S. quadrimaculatum, Oliv. Shining black, with reddish-
brown antennae, with a black club. The wing-cases, which
have two red transverse spots, are rather, closely punctured.
The legs are black with red tarsi. Length, 6 mm.

6 .

BEETLES.

Family IX. HISTERID-E.

Wing-cases strongly truncated. Legs with flat tibiae,
retractile into pits. Hind coxae widely separated. They
live in carrion and dung, and beneath the bark of' trees,
where they prey upon other insects.

Genus Hister, Linn.

Body somewhat stout; head retractile, and covered beneath
by a rounded projection of the prosternum. The flagellum
of the antennae is gradually thickened, with a flattened oval
club. The hind tibiae have two rows of spines on the outer
edge. They live in dung, or on carrion, as well as on living
insects.

* H. quadrimaculatus, Linn. (Plate VI., Fig. 6). Wing-cases
with a large, frequently-interrupted, red spot. The front tibiae
have a simple tooth at the end. It sometimes kills dung-beetles.

H. quadrinotatus, Scrib. (Plate VI., Fig. 7). Smaller than
the last species. The spots on the elytra often run together.
The tibiae have three small teeth on the outer margin.

H. fimetarius, Herbst. (Plate Vl., Fig. 8). Elytra with a
large orange spot, concave behind. The front tibiae have four
teeth. Length, 6-7 mm. It lives in dry, sandy pastures.

* H. bimaculatus, Linn. Only 4 mm. in length. Antennae
and legs brownish-red.

* H. cadaverinus, Illig. (Plate VI., Fig. 9). This species is as
large as the foregoing, with similar elytra, but the front tibiae
have five or six dentations. It is not rare.

* H. unicolor, Fabr. (Plate VI., Fig. 10). Perfectly black,
with the outermost and the two inner striae of the wing-cases
strongly truncated. Front tibiae with three teeth. Length,
4-5 mm. Common in cow-dung.

BEETLES.

* 3. merdarius, Sturm. Elongated, quadrilateral. The front
tibiae with three or four teeth. The two inner striae of the
wing-cases are the only ones which are truncated. Length,
5 mm. It is a rare species.

Genus Saprinus, Erichs.

Upper surface more or less punctured. Prosternum not
lobate; head retractile; antennae filiform, with an elongated
first joint and a rounded club. They live in dung, decaying
fungi, and carrion.

* S. nitidulus , Fabr. (Plate VI., Fig. 11). Black, with a
metallic shine. Wing-cases rather closely punctured, with
four striae only reaching to the middle. It is common in
dung, &c.

* S. ceneus, Fabr. This species is only 2-3 mm. long, black,
the elytra with a complete sutural stria, which is recurved.
The striae on the elytra only reach the middle, and the second
is entirely wanting. It is a common insect.

Family X, PHALACRIDJE.

Antennae eleven-jointed, with a club composed of three
joints. The front coxae are globose. The tarsi have five
joints, the first three being broad and velvety beneath, and
the fourth very small They are small species, and live in
flowers, where the larvae may also be found. They hibernate
under the bark of trees.

Genus Phalacrus, Payk.

* P. cormscus, Payk. (Plate VI., Fig. 12). This is shortly
oval and very convex. The last joint of the maxillary palpi
is long and almost cylindrical. It frequents flowers, especially
the Composite.

BEETLES.

Family XI. NITIDULIDiE.

Small, flat, and rather broad beetles, with straight antennae,
usually composed of eleven joints, three forming the club. The
front coxae are cylindrical. The tarsi are five-jointed, some
with the first and others with the fourth segment very small.
They are all small beetles, and feed on dried animal matter
and carrion. Many of them are found upon flowers.

Genus Eptjejea, Erichs.

These are for the most part yellowish-brown species, which
live on flowers and on the exuded sap of trees. The antennae
converge obliquely inwards towards each other, and the first
three joints of the tarsi are expanded, and densely clothed with
small hairs beneath.

* E. obsoleta, Fabr. Elongated, of uniform breadth. The
wing-cases are ochre-yellow, with one or more spots. The
thorax and abdomen are often blackish. It is found under the
bark of pine-trees, and on the exuded sap of other trees.
Length, 3 mm.

Genus Meligethes, Kirby.

Elongated, oval. The hind tibiae are ciliated, and the first
three joints of the tarsi are expanded and villous beneath.
The wing-cases leave the last abdominal segment exposed.
They are found on flowers, often in large numbers, and under
the bark of trees.

* M. ceneus, Fabr. (Plate VI., Fig. 13). Shining green or
blue, with the under surface black, and legs pitchy-black. It
is one of the commonest beetles living upon flowers, and eats
into the bud, where the female deposits her eggs. The larvae
feed upon the flower, and pass through their metamorphoses in

BEETLES.

the ground. The beetle is found in spring and summer, and
hibernates. It is very destructive to rape.

Genus Cychramus, Kugel.

Wing-cases covering the abdomen except the extreme tip.
Antennal grooves indistinct. Prosternum with a conical
projection towards a groove on the mesosternum. They are'
found in fuzzballs, and on flowering shrubs, such as hawthorn-
blossom.

* G. luteus, Fabr. (Plate VI., Fig. 14). Eeddish or brownish-
yellow, with yellow pubescence, the hairs being close and
sessile. The pronotum and elytra are not punctured nor
spotted. It is common on flowers.

Genus Ips, Fabr.

Elongated little beetles, with slightly abbreviated elytra.
The prosternum reaches only a little over the front margin of
the mesosternum. The species live under the bark, and feed
upon the sap of trees.

* I. quadripustulata, Fabr. (Plate VI., Fig. 15). Each wing-
case with two bright red spots. Antennae and legs pitchy-
brown. It frequents freshly-cut pine-trees, and the larvae
live under the bark.

Family XII. TROGOSXTia®.

Body oval or elongated, usually flattened. Antennae eleven-
jointed. The first tarsal joint is the smallest. The claws are
simple, with a small styliform lobe between them, terminated*
by two bristles. They are found under the bark of trees, and
among drugs.

Genus Trogosita, Oliv.

Body flat and elongated, smooth. Antennae eleven-jointed,
gradually and only slightly thickened towards the extremity.

BEETLES.

Eyes reniform. They are found in rotten wood, under bark,
and in bakers’ shops, warehouses, &c.

* T. mauritanica, Linn. (Plate VI., Eig. 16). Pitchy-brown.
Wing-cases punctate-striate. The beetles and their larvae are
found among drugs and other merchandise, and have thus been
carried over the whole of the globe. They are also found
under the bark of decaying forest trees, such as oaks, beeches,
and elms.

Genus Peltis, Geoffr.

Body oval or elongated. Antennae with a narrow, loosely-
jointed club. Eyes transverse in some, more rounded in others.
Tibiae without spurs. They are found under the bark of trees.

P. ferruginea , Linn. (Plate VI., Eig. 17). This species is
8-9 mm. in length. Wing-cases with regular rows of punc¬
tures, and seven raised longitudinal lines. It is found under
the bark of various trees, and also in houses.

Family XIII. COLYDIIDiE.

Antennae with from eight to eleven joints, clubbed. Tarsi
simple, with four joints. Abdomen with five, rarely with six
segments, the first three or four being immobile. Front coxae
globose. They are found under bark, and in fungi growing on
trees.

Genus Ditoma, Illig.

Body elongated. Antennae eleven-jointed, not set in pits.
The first three joints of the tarsi are about equally short.
They are found under the bark of trees.

* D. crenata , Eabr. Black, with reddish-brown antennae and
legs. Wing-cases punctate-striate, with alternate, raised, inter¬
mediate spaces, and each with two red spots or bands. Length,
2-3 mm. Local, under the bark of dead trees.

BEETLES.

Genus Colyditjm, Fabr.

Body slender and linear. Antennas eleven-jointed, with the
two terminal joints largest. Wing-cases with raised "striae.
They are found under bark.

* C. filiforme, Fabr. (Plate VI., Fig. 18). Shining black,
with the antennae, legs, and base of the elytra, rusty-red. The
last named are rounded behind, with four distinct, raised,
longitudinal striae. It is found in old oaks in the New Forest.

Family XIV. CUCUJIDjE.

Body usually long and flat. Antennae with eleven joints,
filiform, or with three larger terminal joints. Tarsi with five
joints, frequently only four on the last pair in the males.
They are found under the bark of trees, or in vegetable
refuse, and are usually rare.

Genus Brontes, Fabr.

Body flat, with the pronotum much broader than long, with
projecting anterior angles. The antennae are filiform, with
eleven joints, the first being long and rather thickened towards
the end. The males have longer antennae than the females,
and a small crooked projection on the outer border of the
maxillae. They live under the bark of trees.

* B. planatus, Linn., is the only European species. It is
elongated, dull blackish-brown, with slightly striated wing-
cases, and is found under the bark of many kinds of trees,
including oak, beech, &c. It is very rare in Britain.

Genus Silvanus, Latr.

Antennae eleven-jointed, with a three-jointed club. The first
three joints of the tarsi are broad, and densely pubescent
beneath, the first being as long as the two succeeding ones,

BEETLES.

and the fourth very small and partially hidden under the third.
They are found in grass, in corn, and under the bark of trees.

* S. frumentarius, Fabr. Brown, finely pubescent; pronotum
with two deep longitudinal furrows. The elytra are regularly
punctate-striate. The beetle and larva are frequently met
with in warehoused goods, especially in rice. The insect was
probably first introduced from America.

Family XV. CRYPTOPHAGID^l.

Abdomen composed of five freely-movable segments, the
first of which is the longest. Antennae with eleven joints,
the club being formed of three. The tarsi are generally five-
jointed, the hind tarsi with only four joints in the males of
many species. They are found in fungi, and in decayed wood.

Genus Cryptophagus, Herbst.

Small elongated beetles, with eleven joints to the antennas,
which are inserted on the sides of the frontal border. The
pronotum is crenulated on the sides. The tarsi are composed
of five joints, except the hind tarsi of the males, which have
only four. They are found in damp, swampy places, in cellars,
in tree-fungi, and decayed wood.

* C. lycoperdi, Fabr. Elongated, convex, reddish-brown, or
rusty-red. The pronotum has the edges dusky, and the
anterior angle very acute; there is a. very small tooth in
the middle. Length, 2-3 mm. In fungi, and under the
mouldy bark of trees.

Family XVI. LATHRIDIID^J.

Body small; antennae clubbed; tarsi with three simple
joints, the front tarsi rarely with four. The abdomen is
formed of five segments. They live under decaying vegetable
substances, on mould, and under sweepings.

BEETLES.

Genus Lathridius, Herbst.

Antennas formed of eleven joints, with the last three
enlarged. The pronotuin is sharply ridged on the edges.
All the tarsi are three-jointed. There are a large number
of small species, which live especially on mouldy vegetable
matters.

* L. minutus, Linn. Black or blackish-brown, with reddish-
ochreous antennae and legs. The thorax has two elongated
little pits upon it, and the elytra are uniformly and deeply
punctate-striate. Its length is 1| mm. It is common in lichens,
in houses, and in mouldy substances.

Family XVII. MYCETOPHAGIDiE.

Elliptical, slightly convex, and finely pubescent. Antennae
with eleven joints, gradually thickened, or with two or three
larger joints at the end. Tarsi with four joints, except the
front ones, which have only three in the males. They are
found in fungi growing on trees, and under bark.

Genus Mycetophagus, Hellw.

Eyes oblique, emarginate in front. Antennae gradually
thickened towards the apex. Body elongated. Pronotum
with a deep depression on each side at the posterior border.
The elytra are punctate-striate. They live in tree-fungi.

* M. quadripustulatus, Linn. (Plate VI., Fig. 20). This is
an elongated species. The first six joints of the antennae are
red, the next four brown, and the terminal one oval and
pointed. The elytra are black with two brick-red spots on
each side. It is met with in tree-fungi, and in rotten oaks.

Genus Typilea, Kirby.

Body elongated; pronotum with the margins entire. The

•BEETLES.

antennae have the last three joints enlarged. The eyes are
round.

* T. fumata, Linn., is the only species. It is slightly
flattened, rusty-red or rusty-yellow, very closely punctured,
with fine sessile, yellow pubescence. The elytra are finely
punctate-striate. It is common in the decaying portions of
old trees, and is not infrequent in houses.

Family XYIII. DERMESTIDjE (Bacon Beetles).

The antennae, which are inserted on the front of the head,
are short, straight, and usually eleven-jointed, with a club
composed usually of three, more rarely of two, or more than
three joints. The front coxae are conical, the posterior pair
flattened. The tarsi have five joints, and the abdomen is
composed of five freely movable segments. Many species
frequent flowers, often in large numbers, and the larvae feed
on dead animal substances.

Genus Byturus, Latr.

There are no ocelli Antennae with eleven joints, three
forming the club. The second and third joints of the tarsi
have lobate appendages, and the fourth is very small, and
hidden in the third. They are found on flowers.

* B. fumatus, Fabr. Elongated, and closely covered with
yellowish-grey hair. It is found on flowers, and the larvae of
this beetle are well known as the whitish worms met with
in raspberries, and less commonly in blackberries.

* B. tomentosus , Fabr. (Plate VI., Fig. 22). Is rather smaller
than the preceding. It is either black with grey hair and
reddish-ochreous legs and antennae, or pitchy-brown with
yellowish-grey hair and orange legs and antennae. It is
found on flowers.

BEETLES.

Genus Dermestes, Linn.

The first four joints of the antennae are short and simple.
The claws are simple. The hind coxae are expanded and
flattened. The antennae are formed of eleven joints, the
club occupying three. They are long and cylindrical species
which live on animal substances. The larvae have thick
erect hair, and are frequently met with in the larder. When
touched, they will fain death.

* D. vulpinus, Pabr. (Plate VI., Pig. 23). This is an
elongated, dull black species with reddish-brown antennae.
The under surface is covered with dense white hair, and
on the sides of the metasternum and of each abdominal
segment there is a black spot. It feeds upon animal sub¬
stances, and has been introduced into all parts of the globe
with the spread of commerce.

* D. lardarius, Linn., the Bacon Beetle (Plate VI., Pig. 24).
Elytra with a broad, brownish-grey band. It is rather local,
and will attack any kind of animal substances—dried meat,
bacon, hides, fur, &e. It is particularly partial to natural
history specimens.

Genus Attagenus, Linn.

Body elongated; antennse with eleven joints, the last
three being enlarged. The front tibiae have fine spines on
the outer border. They are found on flowers, and feed on
the petals as well as on the anther; but they and their larvae
are also particularly destructive to furs.

* A. 'pellio, Linn. (Plate VI., Pig. 25). This is an oval, black
beetle, which has the elytra frequently brown. The upper
surface is covered with blackish hair, and the lower with
grey silky pubescence. It is met with in winter, particularly

BEETLES.

on furs, the hair of which then comes out in patches; and also
in stuffed animals and in natural history collections.

Genus Anthrenus, Fabr.

Numerous small, rotund or shortly oval beetles, usually with
eleven joints to the antennas and with laterally-curved elytra,
which are variously marked with white and yellow scales. The
pronotum is expanded behind into a lobe. They live on animal
substances, but are also found in large numbers on flowers.

* A. scrophularice, Linn. (Plate VI, Fig. 26). Antennae eleven-
jointed; wing-cases with a red suture and extremity, and
with three bands. This species is found on flowers, preferring
TJmbelliferce; but is also common on furs and in collections of
insects, on the Continent, but is very rare with us.

* A. pimpinellce, Fabr. (Plate VI, Fig. 27). Black above,
varied with red and white. The elytra with a broad white
band, and two spots of the same colour at the extremity.
It is also common on flowers, and swarms in old birds’ nests
on the Continent, but is very rare in Britain.

* A. museorum, Linn, the Museum Beetle (Plate VI, Fig. 28).
Antennae with eight segments, the club being formed of two.
It is blackish-brown, sprinkled with rusty-brown. The
wing-cases are clothed with grey and orange scales. It is
common on flowers in May, and the larvae are very destructive
to collections, especially to those of insects, &c. The best
remedy against these and against mites, is to supply the boxes
or cabinet-drawers with naphthaline.

Family XIX. BYRRHIDiE.

Antennae usually with eleven, rarely with ten joints,
gradually thickened, but with several larger terminal joints.
The head prominent or retracted under the pronotum. The

BEETLES.

front and middle coxae are cylindrical, and the posterior
coxae are flattened, transverse, and approximated. They are
very convex beetles, which may he found crawling slowly
about sandy roads in the daytime. They feed on moss.

Genus Byrrhus, Linn.

Hind legs fitting into sharply-defined grooves. All the
tarsi fit closely into the tibiae. The head is so retractile,
that the maxillae and half the eyes may be covered. The
markings on the wing-cases are generally formed of fine
velvety hairs, in consequence of which they are very difficult
to identify if rubbed. They are found in pastures, in dry
sunny places, on roads, and in dry ditches.

B. gigas, Eabr. (Plate VI., Pig. 29). Elytra red or brown,
with a short, yellowish-grey, silky pubescence, and a pale,
more thickly-pubescent, transverse spot beyond the middle,
which is bordered with brownish hairs behind. It is wingless.
The third segment of the tarsi is lobate. Length, 12-13 mm.
It inhabits the mountains of Eastern Europe.

B. ornatus, Panz. (Plate VI., Eig. 30). This species is also
apterous. The elytra have regular, fine, and rather deep longi¬
tudinal striae, which in fresh specimens are marked with black,
velvety spots. It inhabits the mountains of Switzerland and
Bavaria.

* B. pilula, Linn. (Plate VI., Eig. 31). This insect is pro¬
vided with wings. The upper surface is brown, with felt-like
pubescence, and the finely-striated elytra have dark, velvety
spots. It is not uncommon in ruts in May.

* B. fasciatus, Fabr. (Plate VI., Eig. 32). It is winged. The
elytra have a yellow waved band, and there are two spots of
the same colour on the thorax. It is fairly common in dry,
sandy places.

BEETLES.

* B. dorsalis, Fabr. (Plate VI., Fig. 33). This species is
also winged. The band on the wing-cases is not waved, and
the thorax has black markings. It is widely distributed.

Family XX. PARNIDAS.

Body elongated, flat, or convex, sometimes partially covered
with short, felty hair. Antennae on the front of the head,
usually eleven-jointed. Wing-cases closely contiguous and en¬
tirely covering the abdomen. Front coxae sometimes cylindrical,
sometimes globose; the posterior pair almost semi-cylindrical.
Tarsi five-jointed, with a large terminal joint. They live in or
near running or standing water, where they creep about on
plants and stones, but do not swim. They subsist upon decom¬
posing vegetable matter, and are provided with an air-sac,
which enables them to remain for a considerable time under
water.

Genus Pabnus, Fabr.

The antennae have an ear-like form, and the head is retractile
in the thorax. Middle and hind legs approximated. The
terminal joint of the tarsi with two stout claws. They live
in water.

P. viennensis, Heer (Plate VI., Fig. 34). Elytra deeply and
irregularly punctured. It is an elongated, rather flat, black
beetle, with fine, thick, yellowish-grey, silky pubescence, and
longer black hair. It is found in many parts of Central
Europe, but not in the British Isles.

Genus Elmis, Latr.

Body small and oval, either smooth, or with only thin, short
hair above. The antennae have eleven joints, and are almost
imperceptibly thickened towards the extremity. The head is

BEETLES.

retractile under the prothorax. The scutellum is elongated.
They live in running water, like the last genus.

* E. ceneus, Mull. Shining black, with the wing-cases dark
bronzy, punctate-striate. The thorax is uneven, with raised
longitudinal striae on the sides of the back. Length, 2 mm.
It is common in brooks, at the roots of Scrophularia aquatica,
in which the larvae live.

Family XXI. HETEROCERIDjE.

Body rather elongated, pubescent. The head is long.
Antennae eleven - jointed, short, the first two points large
and triangular, with long hair, and the rest forming a club,
serrated on the inner side. The tarsi are four-jointed. The
only genus is:

Genus Heterocerus, Fabr.

These beetles live in mud or sand on the margins of streams
and lakes, and if the ground be pressed together with the
hand or foot they will come out of the holes which they
have dug.

* H. Icevigatus, Panz. (Plate VI., Fig. 35). This is an elon¬
gated, somewhat flat, black beetle, with fine grey pubescence.
The legs are pale yellow; the base of the femora, the knees,
and ends of the tibise, blackish. The wing-cases are thickly
punctured with yellowish stripes and spots. Local.

* H. marginatus, Fabr. This is a rather convex black species,
with fine brown hair. The lateral border of the pronotum,
which is finely punctured, is yellow. The elytra have traces
of rusty-yellow spots at the base, and a curved rusty-yellow
spot on the shoulders. Length, 3-5 mm. It is generally
found gregariously. Local, but fairly common near the coast.

BEETLES.

Family XXII. LUCANID-® (Stag Beetles)..

Maxillae generally large and projecting like antlers. Antennae
elbowed, and fitting into excavations on the sides of the head.
The basal joint is long, and there are several pectinated or
serrated immovable joints at the end. The abdomen has five
segments. These imposing beetles fly about chiefly at night,
and feed upon the exuding sap of trees. The larvae, which are
maggot-like, live on old decaying trees, and often require from
two to three years for their transformations.

Genus Lucanus, Linn.

Pronotum separated from the elytra by a small interval.
The sixth abdominal segment is not visible. The antennae
have four expanded terminal joints, pectinated on the inner
side. The labrum is narrow and curved down between the
maxillae. The latter are large, and in the males much longer
than the head, but shorter in the females. The border of the
head is produced half across the eyes.

* L. cervus, Linn., the Stag Beetle (Plate VII., Fig. 1, male;
Fig. 2, female). This well-known beetle is very variable in
size, and some specimens are only half as large as others,
probably owing to the larvae having obtained inferior or
insufficient nourishment. The larvae live in old rotten oak
trees, and are most common in the southern counties. The
larva takes five years to complete its metamorphosis.

Genus Platycerus, Geoff.

The sixth abdominal segment is visible, and the eyes are not
excavated. The only species is:

P. caraboides, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 3). This varies much
in colour, and may be green, violet, blue, or black, darker

BEETLES.

beneath. The larva lives in oak, pine, and beech, and the
beetle is already formed in the autumn. It remains, however,
in its pupa-case during the whole of the winter. In the spring
it feeds on the buds of trees.

Genus Dorcus, MacLeay.

Sixth abdominal segment not visible. The eyes are almost
divided by the frontal border. The inner lobes of the
mandibles have a horny tubercle in the females. They
frequent woods.

* D. parallelompedus, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 4). This species
is dull black, with the head and pronotum finely and sparingly
punctured. The larvae live in old decaying beech and walnut
trees.

Genus Sinodendron, Fabr.

Thorax fitting closely to the base of the elytra. Antennae
short, with three joints to the club. The maxillae are short and
do not project. The body is cylindrical.

* 8. cylindricum , Fabr. (Plate VII., Fig. 5). Shining black,
with the elytra sometimes brownish and the abdomen not
infrequently brown. The pronotum has the angles rounded
off with five teeth in the males, and in the female it is only
indented in front, and slightly toothed. The horn on the head
is small and straight in the female, but long and recurved in
the male. The larva lives in the rotting trunks of trees,
especially the beech.

Family XXIII.

SCARABJEIDiE or LAMELLICORNES (Chafers).

Antennae short, with from seven to eleven joints, the first
being large, and the last joints being expanded and forming a
lamellated club. The legs are formed for digging. This is a

BEETLES.

large family, remarkable for beauty and richness of colouring,
and is divisible into several easily distinguishable groups.

Group I. COPROPHINI (Dung Beetles).

The terminal club of the antennae has from three to seven
movable plates, and the labrum is prominent. The elytra
completely cover the abdomen. These beetles generally live
in dung, and their larvae are often found very deep in the
ground.

Genus Sisyphus, Latr.

Body rounded; antennae eight-jointed, with an almost oval
club; pronotum large, with a border behind, closely approxi¬
mated to the base of the elytra. Elytra almost triangular.
Scutellum not visible. The front legs are rather small, and
the hind ones long.

S. schaefferi, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 6). Black, with reddish-
brown palpi, and brown antennae, with a blackish club. They
frequent pastures, living in the dung of cows and sheep, which
they make into round balls in which the female lays its eggs.
These it rolls away to a suitable place. It is found in various
parts of Central Europe.

Genus Copris, Geoff.

Antennae with nine joints. Clypeus deeply notched in front.
Eyes incompletely divided. Scutellum not visible. Front
tibiae with three or four teeth on the outer side, hind tibiae
distinctly thicker towards the extremity. The only species
found with us is:

* C. lunaris, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 7). Shining black, the
male with a long, slightly recurved horn on the head, and the
female with a short horn, notched at the apex. The smallest
male specimens can scarcely be distinguished from the female.

BEETLES.

except by the horn. It is found in pastures in fresh cow-
dung, but is somewhat locaL

Genus Onthophagus, Latr.

Clypeus slightly notched or entire. Antennas with nine
joints. Tarsi filiform, the first joint being long. The rather
numerous globose species are often met with in large numbers
on dung, which they form into elongated masses of the size
of acorns, lay their eggs in them, and bury them more or less
completely in the ground. The metamorphosis occupies three
months.

* 0. taurus, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 8). Pronotum bordered
at the base, without excavations for the antennae. The male
has two long curved horns on the head, which are bent towards
one another. The beetle is black, not infrequently brownish,
or yellowish-brown. It frequents woods, and feeds on dung,
but is very rare.

* 0. nutam, Fabr. (Plate VII., Fig. 9). This species re¬
sembles the last. The male has a horn, which is curved
forwards, and the female has two transverse ridges. The
clypeus is rounded in front. The thorax is very thickly and
coarsely punctured, with a deep notch in front, and with two
small projections on the upper margin of the notch in the
female and in the smaller male specimens. The elytra are
faintly punctate-striate. It is found in the dung of cattle.

* 0. vacca, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 10). Head and pronotum
shining greenish. Elytra reddish-yellow, finely punctured with
greenish. The horn of the male is much broader at the base
than in the last species. The female has no horns on the
posterior occipital ridge. The smaller male specimens have
in the middle of the concavity, on the front of the pronotum,
two slight and often hardly perceptible elevations.

BEETLES.

* 0. nuchicornis , Linn. (Plate VII., Pig. 11). Pronotum
entirely black. Wing-cases brownish-yellow, sprinkled with
black. The horn on the head of the male is acute and erect.
The female has two stout transverse ridges and an elevation in
the middle of the pronotum. The smaller male specimens
have often only two slight elevations on the pronotum, and
a short horn, or only an obtuse elevation on the front of
the head. It is the commonest of the genus found with us.

0. camelus, Pabr. (Plate VII., Pig. 12). Black and hairy,
with two distinct transverse ridges on the head, the posterior
of which terminates in two horns in the male. The pronotum
has four elevations in both sexes. It is found in the dung
of cattle from April to September, and inhabits the east of
Central Europe.

0. (Laccobius) schreberi, Linn. (Plate VII., Pig. 13). Black
and shining. The elytra are slightly ridged and striated, with
four red spots. The legs are also red. The pronotum is
margined at the base, with rounded cavities on the lower
surface to receive the clubs of the antennae. It is common
in many parts of the Continent, but is not found in Britain.

Genus Oniticellus, Lep. and Serv.

Body elongated, oval. Antennae with eight joints. The
clypeus is not emarginate in front. The eyes are completely
divided into two. The scutellum is small, but distinct above.
The pronotum is large and circular, and is broader than the
narrow wing-cases. The front tibiae have four teeth on the
outer side. Their habits are the same as those of the last
genus.

0. flavipes, Pabr. (Plate VII., Pig. 14). This is a long,
depressed, yellow beetle, with the wing-cases, sternum, and
abdomen, clouded with brown. The middle of the pronotum

BEETLES.

and the head are bronzy-green. The lateral border of the
pronotum has a deep cavity on each side. The margins are
yellow. It is common in Central and Southern Europe in the
dung of cattle, but is not a British species.

Genus Aphodius.

Body elongated, elytra covering the whole of the abdomen;
head flat. The antennae are nine-jointed, and the hind tibiae
have two terminal spines. They live principally in dung, but
a few live in rich mould. The females do not form balls
of dung, and do not excavate passages, but lay their eggs
simply in the dung, into which the larvae eat their way.

* A. erraticus, Linn. (Plate VII., Eig. 15). Black, with
dirty yellow wing-cases, in the middle of which there is often
a dull, blackish-brown spot. The clypeus is black and semi¬
circular, and is distinctly margined at the base. The legs are
red. It is not uncommon.

* A. fossor, Linn. (Plate VII., Eig. 16). This is an elongated
and very convex black beetle. It is unmistakable on account
of its size. The wing-cases are black or reddish-brown. It is
common in cow-dung.

* A. hcemorrhoidalis , Linn. (Plate VII., Eig. 17). Shining
black, with the elytra strongly punctate-striate, blood-red at
the apex, and often in front. It is not uncommon in cow-dung.

* A. fimetarius, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 18). Elytra red,
punctate-striate. Antennae red, with a rusty-yellow club.
The pronotum has the whole of the lateral border red. The
head has three distinct frontal prominences, with a curved
line in front of them, which is distinct in the male, but not
well marked in the female. It is a common species.

* A. inquinatus, Eabr. (Plate VII., Eig. 19). Wing-cases
greyish-yellow, with darker markings. The scutellum and

BEETLES.

pronotum are sometimes quite black, but are more commonly
reddish-brown on the front angles, and rarely along the whole
of the sides. The flagellum of the antennae is blackish-brown.
The metasternum of the male has a shallow, hairy depression
in the middle. The legs are reddish-brown, with the femora
yellow beneath. It is common everywhere.

* A. sticticus, Panz. Rather smaller than the last species,
but very similar. The antennae are, however, yellow, with a
brownish club; the mesosternum is not keeled, and the
pronotum has a brownish-yellow lateral stripe, each with a
distinct brown dot in the middle. The end of the abdomen
is light reddish-brown, and the legs are yellow, with light
reddish-brown femora.

* A. merdarius , Fabr. Wing-cases clay-coloured, with the
suture black, and the lateral margins fuscous. The legs are
brown, with the terminal spines of the front tibiae curved in
the male, straight in the female. Length, 3-4 mm. It is
common in dung.

* A. quadrimaculatus, Linn. (Plate VII., Pig. 20). Elytra
punctate-striate, black, with four red spots. Legs black, with
reddish-brown tarsi, more rarely brown or reddish. Rare.

* A. prodr omus, Brahm. Wing-cases greyish-yellow, each
with a large clouded spot, narrowed in front. The pronotum
is black, with orange borders. The male has smooth wing-
cases, but those of the female are hairy. Length, 7 mm. It
is a common and very variable species.

* A. rufipes, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 21). This is the largest
species except A. fossor. It is black, with the hind border of
the pronotum, the middle of the metasternum, the extremity
of the abdomen, the flagellum of the antennae and the legs,
yellow. It is not uncommon.

BEETLES.

* A. luridus, Payk. (Plate VII., Fig. 22). Wing-cases with
short, scattered hairs towards the end, sometimes dirty greyish-
yellow or black, with yellow lines and streaks, and occasionally
uniform black. The tarsi are reddish-brown. It is common
in spring.

* A. arenarius, Oliv. Shining black, occasionally brown.
Head without protuberances. Wing-cases light or dark brown,
obliquely excavated towards the suture at the extreme point.
Antennae and palpi orange, tarsi reddish-brown. Length,
2-3 mm. It is local in chalky and sandy places.

Genus Odont^eus, Klug.

Body short, oval. Antennae eleven-jointed, with an almost
round trilobate club. Maxillae dentated at the extremity.
Mandibles with two horny lobes, the outer being somewhat
triangular, and the inner having two simple horny hooks.
The eyes are completely divided by the margin of the head.
The middle legs are close together. The head has two pro¬
tuberances in the males, and the pronotum two horns. They
are found in dung. The only British species is:

* 0. mobilicornis, Fabr. (Plate VIII., Fig. 1). This is dark
brown or vellowish-brown above, with orange legs and antennae.
The head and pronotum are more strongly punctured in the
female than in the male, with indistinct elevations. It is
found in the south of England, but is very rare.

Genus Geotrupes, Latr.

Body oval and generally convex. Antennae with eleven
joints, the first being long, set with single long hairs. The
club is oval, trilobate, the lobes being almost completely
separated, with the middle lobe sometimes half enclosed
between the others. The eyes are quite divided by the

BEETLES.

margin of the head. The pronotum is only occasionally
armed with horns or projections. The species are common
in dung.

* G. typhceus, Linn. (Plate VIII., Fig. 2). Bather depressed;
shining black. Pronotum with three horns in the male, which
are directed forwards, and a long transverse ridge in the
middle in the female, and very short, lateral horns. It is
found in woods in May. It feeds on the dung of horses and
cattle, in which it digs round holes and lays its eggs therein.

* Gi stercorarius, Fabr. (Plate VIII., Fig. 3). Black, green,
or steel-blue; violet-blue beneath. Each wing-case has
fourteen fine, punctured striae, with the interstices scarcely
convex. The maxillae have the external border margined, and
twice deeply concave at the apex. It is found in horse-
dung, but is not so common as the last species.

* G. mutator, Marsh (Plate VIII., Fig. 4). This species
closely resembles the last both in size and colour, but has
eighteen punctured striae on the wing-cases. The under
surface has a green shine, and not infrequently is fine golden
green. It is common, and generally distributed.

* G. sylvaticus, Panz. (Plate VIII., Fig. 5). Convex, blackish-
green above, rarely with a blue shine; blue beneath. The
pronotum is completely margined at the base. The elytra are
slightly striated, with the interstices finely granular. It is
common in woods, in dung and fungi.

* G. vernalis, Linn. (Plate VIII., Fig. 6). This species is
almost hemispherical. It is black above, with a rich blue,
green, or violet shine, and blue beneath. The pronotum is
only margined in the middle at the base. The elytra are
very finely and indistinctly punctate-striate. It is found on
horse-dung in early spring, but is somewhat local.

BEETLES.

Genus Trox, Fabr.

Wing-cases uneven, with small protuberances, or tufts of
hair, arranged in rows. Antennae short. The pronotum is
uneven, and fringed on the lateral and posterior borders.
The abdomen has five abdominal segments. They live on
dry bones, hoofs, and other animal remains, and are able to
produce a chirping noise by rubbing the abdomen against
the wing-cases.

* T. sabulosus, Linn. (Plate VIII., Fig. 7). Black, and
broadly convex. The elytra have four rows of hair-tufts,
and four fine striae in the intervals, which are placed in two
rows and strongly granulated transversely. It is found in
dry, sandy places, in sweepings, among the hair of hides, and
on old bones.

* T. scaler, Linn. (Plate VIII., Fig. 8). Dull blackish-grey,
with the elytra only slightly expanded behind, moderately
convex, distinctly striated with very small, and also with
larger, tufts of rusty-red hair.

Group II. MELOLONTHINI (Cockchafers).

Antennae with from seven to ten joints, ending in a fan,
which is usually larger in the males than in the females.
The elypeus is divided by a suture from the front. The
claws are either equal, or else the hind tarsi have only one
claw. These beetles live on plants and flowers, and many
species appear occasionally in very large numbers, and may
then do a considerable amount of damage to trees and
plants, on the roots of which the larvae feed.

Genus Hoplia, Illig.

Body generally covered with shining scales. Antennae
with nine or ten joints and a trilobate fan. The front tarsi

BEETLES.

have two unequal claws, but the hind tarsi have only one
claw. The front tibiae are armed with two or three teeth.
They all live on flowers, especially on Umbelliferae.

* JR. philanthus, Sulz. (Plate VIII., Pig. 9). Male sometimes
with brown elytra, female with the elytra reddish-brown,
■and covered like the head and pronotum with grey and
bluish scales. It appears in June and July on alders and
willows, and is particularly partial to Spiraea. Local.

R. yraticola, Duft. (Plate VIII., Pig. 10). Black or brownish,
with dark brown or orange-coloured legs. The upper surface
is rather thickly covered with scales in the female, more
sparsely in the male. The head and pronotum are some¬
what densely clothed with long, erect, rusty-red hair. It is
a native of Southern, and the southern parts of Central
Europe, where it is met with in swarms in the fields at
the end of May.

R. farinosa, Linn. (Plate VIII., Pig. 11). Black, with greenish
scales above, and small sessile tufts of hair scattered about.
The antennae have nine joints in both sexes. The front
tibiae have two teeth in the male, and three in the female.
It is abundant in Southern Europe on Spiraea and on
umbelliferous plants, &c.

Genus Homaloplia, Steph.

Pront tarsi scarcely longer than the tibiae, hind tibiae long
and slender. Antennae with nine joints and a trilobate
extremity. The fan of the antennae, and the tarsi are only
slightly longer in the males than in the females. The only
British species is:

* R. ruricola , Fabr. (Plate VIII., Pig. 12). Deep black, with
a greyish-yellow pubescence, which is replaced by black on the

BEETLES.

head and pronotum in the male. The elytra are dark orange,
and have all the margins bordered with black; they may also
be black with a yellow spot on the shoulder, and are rarely
entirely black. It may be found in the daytime on flowers
during the summer. It is very local with us.

Genus Serica, MacLeay.

All the tarsi are elongated, and longer than the tibiae. The
antennae have nine or ten joints, and a trilobate extremity.
The hind coxae are broad and plate-like, and cover the first
two segments of the abdomen more or less completely. The
tarsi, and fan of the antennae are longer in the males than in
the females. They fly by night.

* 8. brunnea, Linn. This is the only British representative
of the genus. It is elongated, convex, reddish-ocherous. The
wing-cases are slightly grooved, the grooves being punctured.
The antennae have nine joints. The pronotum is twice as
broad as it is long, with rather coarse, scattered punctures on
the upper surface. It is found on grass, in pine and other
woods, in June and July, and is rather local in England.

Genus Melolontha, Fabr.

Antennae with ten joints, the third being elongated. The
fan is seven-lobed in the males, and rather large and six-lobed
in the females. The elytra are brown, with three raised ridges.
The abdomen is produced into a shorter or longer point. They
live on trees, and often appear in large numbers.

* M. vulgaris, Linn., the Common Cockchafer (Plate VIII.,
Fig. 13). End of the abdomen broadly elongated, spade-like.
Pronotum black, more rarely reddish-brown. The beetle
appears in April and May in warm localities in three years,
and in cold places in four, in great abundance, and is very

BEETLES.

destructive to trees, especially those standing in clearings.
The larvae live on the roots of plants, and do not pupate for
three or four years; those pupae which have developed in the
winter wait for a warm day to emerge.

M. pectoralis, Fabr. (Plate VIII., Fig. 14). Abdominal
point narrow in the male, tapering gradually; very short
in the female. The antennae, legs, and elytra, are reddish-
ochreous. The pubescence is similar to that of M.
vulgaris. The variety albida, Erichs., with its wing-
cases dusted with white, is distinguished from the variety
of M. vulgaris, which is also dusted with white, by the
different tip of the abdomen. It is a native of Austria
and Hungary.

* M. hippocastani , Linn. (Plate VIII., Fig. 15). End of the
abdomen short, pointed, and abruptly truncated. Pronotum
generally red. It agrees very nearly with M. vulgaris in
habits, &c., but is a little earlier in time of appearance. It is
very local, and is said not to occur south of the lake district.

Genus Polyphylla, Harris.

Elytra smooth, brown, sprinkled with white. The fan of
the antennae is very large in the males, and consists of seven
lobes, but is small in the females and five-lobed.

P. fullo, Linn. (Plate VIII., Fig. 16). Darker or lighter
brown, sometimes nearly black. The elytra are thickly
covered with white scale-like hair. The sternum is covered
with thick, shaggy, grey hair, and the abdomen with
a short, thick, sessile felt. It is local on the Continent,
but is common in many sandy localities. It is found
in abundance in woods in July, especially on firs. The
larva feeds on the roots of grass. It is not found in the
British Isles.

BEETLES.

Genus Rhizotbogus, Latr.

Extremity of the abdomen not produced. Antennae with
nine or ten joints, the third and fourth being of about equal
size, with a trilobed club, longest in the males.. The tarsal
joints have a row of short bristles below. The beetles remain
hidden at the roots of moss, and fly by night.

* B. solstitialis , Linn. (Plate IX., Fig. 1). Wing-cases dark
brown, with grey pubescence and three black stripes. The
pygidium is finely granular, sometimes brown, with two
elongated yellow spots; sometimes yellow, with a central
brown stripe. The antennae have nine joints. It appears in
June or July, commencing to fly at seven in the evening, and
is most destructive in those years when cockchafers are
abundant, as it follows up their ravages. The larvae live
in the same way as those of the cockchafer, but are
smaller, and difficult to distinguish from the half-grown
white worms. It is somewhat local.

B. fuscus, Scop. (ater y Herbst) (Plate IX., Fig. 2). This is
elongated and convex; the male shining black, with reddish-
brown antennae, dark brown elytra, and long, erect, yellowish-
grey hair on the head and pronotum. The female is more
convex, orange, with pale yellow elytra, and short hair on the
head and pronotum. It is a native of Southern Europe, and
begins to fly at from eight to ten o’clock at night.

B. cestivus, Oliv. (Plate IX., Fig. 3). Elongated, oval,
slightly convex, reddish-ochreous. The margin of the pronotum
and a broad stripe along the suture, or sometimes the entire
elytra, are darker. The legs are pale yellowish-brown. The
sternum is covered with shaggy hair, and the abdomen is very
sparsely clothed, being often almost naked. The hind femora
and the abdomen of the male are bristly. The antennse have

15 .

12.

BEETLES.

ten joints. It is found in various parts of Europe, but not in
Britain. It flies in the evening in April and May.

•ft assimilis, Herbst (Plate IX., Fig. 4). Elongated, almost
cylindrical, orange-coloured or reddish-brown, sometimes with
light yellow, at other times with dark brown wing-cases, each
having three generally very indistinct raised, longitudinal
striae. The abdomen is covered with very fine yellow
pubescence. It is a Southern European species, which flies
about on June evenings, especially in dry meadows near woods.

Geoup III. RUTELINI.

Claws of the tarsi unequal. Antennae nine-jointed, with a
trilobed club. Clypeus separated from the front by a fine
suture. There are six abdominal segments. The elytra do
not reach to the extremity of the abdomen. They are
moderate-sized beetles, which live on flowers and leaves, and
frequently occur in large numbers.

Genus Anisoplia, Serv.

Body short and flattened. Clypeus gradually narrowed in
front, and curved up at the edge. Legs very strong. The claws
on the hind tarsi are simple, those of the front ones being
larger and cleft on the inner side. They live on grass, &c.

* A. agricola, Fabr. (Plate IX., Fig. 5). Somewhat oval,
slightly convex, dark metallic-green, with long divergent hair.
The head and pronotum are very closely punctured. The
elytra are brown, with black markings, sometimes uniform
brown or blackish. It is found on corn, of which it eats the
flowers.

Genus Phyllopeetha, Kirby.

Clypeus not pointed in front, nor curved up. Hind femora
simple, not thickened. Legs rather weak, with rather large

BEETLES.

claws either on the front and middle tarsi, or on all; they are
bifid at the extremity. They live on flowers, and the larvae in
the ground.

* P. horticola, Linn. (Plate IX., Fig. 6). Rather flattened,
with black or grey hair. The elytra are reddish-brown, rarely
with the suture or the borders darker, pitchy-brown or blue-
black. It is black beneath, with denser hair than above. It
is common in June and July in fields and gardens.

Genus Anomala, Samouelle.

Body convex. Antennae with nine joints and a trilobate
club in both sexes, largest in the males. Hind femora
expanded. Hind tibiae powerful. The claws of the front and
middle tarsi are all simple. The beetles live on leaves.

* A. cenea, De Geer (frischii, Fabr.; vitis, Fabr.) Pronotum
and elytra variously coloured; green, bluish-green, blue, or
yellowish-brown, with a green scutellum. The antennae are
orange-coloured, sometimes with a black club. It is found in
sandy places on the coast, and among scrub.

Gboup IV. DYNASTINI.

Front coxae oblique, enclosed in excavations. Antennae ten-
jointed. The males have often horny processes on the head
and pronotum.

Genus Okyctes, Illig.

IVhnriPsR not toothed; hind tibiae not dentated at the end.
They are large beetles, and mostly exotic.

0. nasicornis, Linn., the Rhinoceros Beetle (Plate IX., Fig. 9).
This is one of the two species, which are the only ones
found in Europe. The male has a horn of variable length,
which curves backwards, and the female has a homy elevation
on the clypeus. The pronotum of the former has a projection

BEETLES.

with three points, and that of the latter a curved ridge. The
large stout larvae of this beetle live in tan, in dung-heaps,
and in hollow trees. The beetle flies in the evening. It is
found in most of the countries of Southern Europe.

Geoup Y. CETONINI.

Body more or less flattened. Antennae with ten joints, the
terminal club trilobate. Wing-cases not quite covering the
abdomen. Claws simple and equal. There are six abdominal
segments, which are longer, or at least as long as the pro- and
mesosternum together. They are mostly shining beetles, which
live on flowers. The larvae live in the ground or in rotting
plants.

Genus Cetonia, Fabr.

Body usually naked, shining, sometimes clothed with fine
scattered hairs, or with long thick hair. The pronotum is
nearly triangular, very much narrowed in front, concave beyond
the large elongated, triangular scutellum. The mesosternum
projects in a short, blunt, and sometimes clubbed process in
front. The legs are strong and rather thick; the front tibiae
with three teeth on the outer side. They are found on flowers.
The larvae live in hollow trees and in the nests of the large
wood-ant.

* C. ( Oxythyrea , Muls.) stidica, Linn. (Plate IX., Fig. 7).
Wing-cases and pygidium spotted with white. Sides of the
sternum and femora clothed with long thick hair. Abdomen
with thin, sessile, white hairs, with a row of longitudinal white
spots in the male, extending from the first to the fourth
segment, but spotless in the female. It is found on flowers in
May, but is very rare and doubtfully indigenous in Britain.

G ( Trojpinota , Muls.) hirtella , Linn. (Plate IX., Fig. 8).
This species is clothed in a thick and long pubescence. Each

BEETLES.

wing-case has five longer, or shorter, channelled, double stripes,
and a raised elevation. The hairs are sometimes rubbed off,
leaving the upper surface bare and black, spotted with lighter.
It is found in early spring on flowering willows and dandelions,
and frequently also attacks garden-flowers. It is common on
the Continent, but is not found with us.

* C. aurata, Linn., the Eose Chafer (Plate IX., Fig. 10).
Clypeus somewhat emarginate in front. It is green, with a
golden shine. It is shining coppery beneath. On each side
of the suture there is a raised line. It is common in May on
flowers and on the exuded sap of trees. The larvae live in the
rotten wood of trees or in ants’ nests.

C. affinis, Andersch. (Plate IX., Fig. 11). Elongated, oval.
Wing-cases uniform green, strongly shining. Pronotum flat in
the middle, finely punctured on the sides. Process of the
mesosternum prominent and rounded in front, much expanded.
It is a South European species, which is found in June and
July, and feeds on the sap of trees and the spongy galls
growing on young oak trees.

C. marmorata, Fabr. (Plate IX., Fig. 12). Clypeus slightly
emarginate in front. It is dark bronze-colour above, with
irregular white waved markings. The sternum and sides of
the abdominal segments have yellow hair upon them. This
beetle, which is found in many countries on the Continent, feeds
in August on the sap of oaks and willows; it hibernates, and
appears again the following spring. The larvae live in hollow
trees and in ants’ nests.

* C. floricola, Herbst ( metallica , Fabr.) (Plate IX., Fig. 13).
Clypeus not emarginate in front, or only slightly emarginate.
Upper surface varying from green to brownish, with or without
waved white markings, but not so shining as C. aurata. It is

BEETLES.

always darker beneath, and there is no raised line beside the
suture. It appears early in June, and is found on oaks.
The larvae are found also in ants’ nests. It is local, and is
confined to Scotland and the North of England.

C. fastuosa, Fabr. (speciosissima, Scop.) (Plate IX., Fig. 14).
Oval, and usually larger than C. affinis. Wing-cases uniform
green, very shining, with the sutural angle projecting at the
extremity. The appendage of the mesosternum is rounded in
front. It is found in many parts of the Continent, where it
appears late in the summer, especially frequenting oaks, on
the sap of which it feeds. The larvae live with ants in hollow

Genus Osmoderma, Lepell. and Serv.

Head free; clypeus slightly emarginate in front, with two
elevations behind. The hind coxae are toothed on the inner
side. The pronotum and scutellum are furrowed. The only
European species is:

0. emerita, Linn. (Plate IX., Fig. 15). Pitchy-black, varying
to metallic-reddish. The male has a raised border to the clypeus,
which is absent in the female. The beetle, which has a smell
of Eussia-leather, frequents trees towards the end of June and
July. The larvae live in hollow trees, preferably apple-trees,
often gregariously. It inhabits most parts of Europe, but not
the British Isles.

Genus Gnorimus, Lepell. and Serv.

Head free; clypeus square, emarginate in front. Pronotum
narrowed in front, with almost rounded angles behind. The
scutellum is very obtusely triangular. The elytra are broader
than the thorax, and are together nearly as broad as they are
long. They are found on flowers and on the trunks of trees.

* G. nobilis, Linn. (Plate IX., Fig. 16). Shining, coppery-red
beneath, golden-green above, commonly with a copper-red shine.

BEETLES.

The pronotum has a fine longitudinal line. The sternum, and
also the abdomen in the female, are clothed with shaggy grey
hair. The pygidium is convex in the male, and has two stout
elevations at the extremity in the female, which are separated
by a depression. It is found in May and June on flowers,
particularly juniper and meadow-sweet. The larvae live in
rotten wood. It is rare in Britain.

Genus Trichius, Fabr.

Head free; clypeus somewhat narrowed towards the front,
and slightly emarginate. Pro thorax covered, both above
and below, with shaggy hair. Elytra scarcely longer than
broad, yellow, with black markings. The beetles live on
flowers, and the larvae in old posts and decayed trees.

* T. fasciatus , Linn. (Plate IX., Fig. 17). Wing-cases
slightly striated, dull velvety, with fine whitish pubescence;
either black, with two yellow bands coalescing at the suture,
or yellow, with a narrow black external border and suture
and three black bands. It is found on flowering shrubs and
umbelliferous plants. The larvae live in old trees and beams.

It is very local.

Genus Valgus, Scriba.

Head retracted under the prosternum. Wing-cases short,

leaving the last two abdominal segments uncovered; the
last segment with a long ovipositor in the female. There are

scales on the head. It is found on flowers.

V. hemipterus, Linn. (Plate IX., Fig. 18). Dull black, with a
groove on the pronotum and black and white scales, as on the
wing-cases. The male has two black spots at the base of the
pygidium. The female has fine grey scales and a long straight
ovipositor. It is found at the beginning of May on flowers
and on frothy excrescences on fruit trees, and is common in
many parts of the Continent. The larvae live in the

BEETLES.

wood of fences, and in the roots of diseased plum and
damson-trees.

Family XXIY. BUPRESTIDiE.

Antennae eleven-jointed, filiform or dentated. Mesosternum
with an excavation, into which a process of the prosternum
fits. The hinder angles of the pronotum are obtuse or
rectangular. They are sluggish beetles. The abdomen is
composed of five segments, the front ones being more or less
amalgamated. The larvae, which are elongated, with a large
head, live in wood or the stems of plants. The beetles are
found on wood, and fly about during the midday heat.

Genus Chalcophoka, Sober.

Prosternum flat, with two grooves. Pronotum narrowed
in front, widest beneath, with almost straight sides and
rectangular hinder angles. The elytra are rather broader
than the pronotum, and somewhat flat. The antennae are
obtusely serrated on the inner side.

C. mariana, Linn. (Plate X., Pig. 1). Shining coppery,
almost golden beneath, powdered in fresh specimens; the
pronotum and wing-cases with irregular raised longitudinal
striate. It is a native of Southern Europe, where it lives
in pine-woods, in sandy places. The larva lives in the old
trunks.

Genus Dicerca, Eschsch.

Distinctly convex. Pronotum uneven. Elytra narrowed
behind in an undulating line, the extremity being more or less
produced. The extreme end is truncated, usually with two
teeth. The abdominal segments are deeply emarginate in
the males with a tooth on each side, sharply tridentated in
the females. They are found about cut wood in forests.

BEETLES.

D. berolinensis, Fabr. (Plate X., Fig. 2). Shining coppery,
with a green lustre above. Pronotum punctured, somewhat
granular on the sides. Wing-cases thickly punctured, with
scattered, raised, dark spots. It is found in hilly districts
and in beech-woods on old trunks, in which the larvae live.
It is a native of Southern Europe.

Genus Lampra, Spin.

Lateral border of the elytra more or less sharply dentated
towards the extremity. Prosternum suddenly truncated behind,
narrowed. The pronotum is equally broad in the middle.
Antennae serrated on the inner side. They are found on
the trunks or on the leaves of trees.

L. rutilans, Linn. (Plate X., Fig. 3). Golden, or golden-
green. Elytra small, spotted with black. Head and pronotum
coarsely punctured, the latter with a golden lateral margin,
and black spots on the sides. It is an inhabitant of
Southern Europe, and is found on alder and lime - trees,
appearing in June.

Genus Buprestis, Linn. (Anchylocheira, Eschsch.)

Lateral borders of the elytra not dentated towards the
extremity. Pronotum broadest at the base, narrowed in
front, with straight sides. Scutellum small and rounded.
Prosternum with a narrow furrow, slightly swollen at the
sides, and sharply pointed behind. They are found in the
sunshine on the trunks of trees and on felled timber.

B. rustica, Linn. (Plate X., Fig. 4). This is a very variable
species, but is usually bluish-green, though it may be bronzy,
green, or blue. The under surface is coppery, with white
hair. The terminal segment of the abdomen, the front angles
of the pronotum, and the front of the head, are here and

BEETLES.

there spotted with yellow. It is found in pine-woods, and
the larva lives in the wood of the trees. It is a native of
Southern and Eastern Europe.

B. jlavomaculata, Eabr. (Plate X., Eig. 5). Brown, or dirty
green, with a metallic shine, with grey hair beneath, dusted
above with white. Wing-cases with three or four very
variable, frequently coalescing spots. The borders of the
pronotum and several markings on the front of the head
are yellow. The sternum and sides of the abdomen are
spotted with yellow. It is found in woods in Southern and
Eastern Europe, the larva living in pine-trees.

Genus Chrysobothris, Eschsch.

Pronotum very concave on both sides behind, quadrangular.
Elytra oval, narrowed beyond the middle, fairly straight at
the sides, with the posterior border very concave. They
frequent timber when the sun is shining.

C. chrysostigma, Eahr. (Plate X., Eig. 6). Metallic purple.
Abdomen green in the middle. Elytra dark brown, with
two or four shining, coppery depressions, which are situated
on the three raised striae, and interrupt them. It occurs on
stumps in the middle of June, and the larva lives in oak
and pine-trees. It is a native of various European countries,
but is not British.

Genus Anthaxia, Eschsch.

Mostly small, metallic beetles; the pronotum very concave
on both sides behind. Elytra rather flat, generally parallel,
or with slightly granulated sides, more or less pointed or
rounded behind. They are found on flowers and on tree-
trunks.

BEETLES.

A. salicis, Fabr. (Plate X., Fig* 7). Flat, blue or green,
with two large dark blue spots on the pronotum. The elytra
are bright coppery, with a green or blue triangular spot
common to both. It is found in May, and frequents flowers.
The larva lives in hornbeam. It is a native of Southern
Europe.

* A. nitidula, Linn. (Plate X., Fig. 8). Rather elongated;
the male green or golden-green; the female with a golden-
purple head and pronotum, and green or blue elytra. The
pronotum is twice as broad as long. It is found on flowers,
especially on whitethorn and celandine, but is very rare in
Britain.

Genus Coilebtjs, Linn.

Body elongated. Scutellum smooth, broad at the base,
oblong, and suddenly and acutely pointed behind. The
prosternum is either truncated or has a projecting appendage.
The pronotum is broader than long, deeply concave on the sides
behind, with a projecting curve in front of the scutellum.
It is found on oaks.

C. undatus, Fabr. (Plate X., Fig. 9). Bronzy, granularly
punctured. The elytra are darker behind, somewhat hairy,
with three narrow, very zigzag bands. It is rarely met with
on sprouting oaks, but mostly on old trees which are exposed
to the sun. It is fond of hiding itself in the crevices of the
bark, and is often difficult to find. The larva feeds on the
bark and sap of the oak. It is a native of the southern
portions of Central Europe.

Genus Agkilus, Solier.

Body very elongated. Scutellum with a transverse carina.
Prosternum broad and flat, prolonged in front into a projection
which covers the mouth. Elytra long, expanded in the middle,

BEETLES.

then gradually tapering to the extremity. They appear in June
and July, and crawl about on the leaves of the food-plant.

* A. biguttatus, Fabr. (Plate X., Pig. 10). Elytra rounded
behind, green or blue, with two sharply-defined white spots.
It is found about the end of May. The larva lives in the
bark of oak-stumps. It is very local.

* A. sinuatus, Oliv. (Plate X., Fig 11). Olive-green beneath,
with a metallic shine; head and pronotum coppery. Elytra
dark reddish-purple, with an elongated spot of white hair
pointed behind, which is frequently absent. Length, 8-9 mm.
It is found on the young shoots of oak-trees and on may-
blossoms, but is very rare in Britain.

Genus Trachys, Fabr.

Pronotum narrowed in front; elytra triangular. Antennae
short, the first two joints thickened, the next four thinner,
and the last five suddenly obtuse and serrated and expanded.
They are mostly small species, and the larvae mine the leaves
of their food-plants.

* T. minuta, Linn. (Plate X., Fig. 12). Metallic-black,
usually with a blue shine, and sparingly hairy. The elytra
have four undulating bands. It frequents sallow, and the
larvae mine brown passages in half the leaf. It is local.

Family XXV. EUCNEMIDA3.

These beetles are similar in form to the Elateridaz, but
have little or no power of jumping. The prosternum has a
projection behind, which fits into an excavation of the meso-
sternum. The antennae have eleven joints, and are serrated or
pectinated; rarely with three larger terminal joints. The
abdomen is composed of five segments. They live in old
rotten wood, and most of them appear to avoid the light and
to be nocturnal in habits.

BEETLES.

Genus Tharops, Laporte.

Legs rounded and slender. The first joint of the antennae
is long, the second small, the third more than twice as long,
and the fourth to the eleventh provided with long, slender,
uniform branches in the males, pectinated in the females. The
pronotum is cylindrical, and without grooves for the antennae
beneath. Elytra long and cylindrical.

T. melasoides, Laporte (Plate X., Fig. 13). Pitchy-black,
with yellowish-grey pubescence. Tarsi reddish-ochreous. Legs
brown. Elytra very finely striated, closely and finely punctured.
It is found on bushes in June during the noonday heat. The
larva lives in beech-trees and in old stored wood. It is common
in Prance and Germany.

Genus Trixagus, Kugelann.

Body elongated oval. Antennae with a large three-jointed
club. The head is vertical, and the mouth is covered by the
front margin of the prosternum. The pronotum is broader
than long, narrowed in front, convex on both sides at the base,
with the hinder angles covering the shoulders. They frequent
damp meadows, and their larvae live in old oaks.

* T. dermestoides, Linn. (Plate X., Pig. 14). Brown or
reddish-brown, closely punctured, and rather thickly clothed
with a fine brownish-grey pubescence. The elytra are striated,
with the interspaces very finely rugose. Length, 2-3 mm . It
is local, but generally distributed and common in the London
district.

Family XXVI. ELATERIDAS (Click Beetles).

Body rather long, generally narrowed behind. Antennae
with eleven joints, dentated, pectinated, or filiform. The
posterior angles of the pronotum are more or less prolonged

BEETLES.

into a pointed spine. The prosternum is lobate in front, with
a projection behind, which fits into an excavation of the
mesosternum. The abdomen is composed of five segments.
Many of these beetles have the power of jumping, and if
placed on the back can spring into the air, and in so doing
make a clicking noise.

Genus Adelocera, Latr.

Grooves for the antennae reaching as far as the front coxae.
Antennae shorter than the pronotum, serrated on the inner
side; the second joint is small, and those following triangular
and broader than long. The pronotum is longer than broad,
with a sharply ridged lateral border. The elytra are
moderately long, and generally pressed down on the back.
They are found in rotten wood and under bark.

A. fasciata, Linn. (Plate X., Fig. 15). Black, rather thickly
•covered with yellow scales, having a golden shine, and
sprinkled and spotted with yellowish-white, especially on
the greater part of the pronotum, and with a zigzag band
beyond the middle , of the elytra. It is found under the bark
of pines in many parts of Europe, but is not a native of
Britain.

Genus Lacon, Germar.

Grooves for the antennae not quite extending to the front
coxae, closed behind. Antennae as long as the pronotum, the
second and third joints small and globular, the fourth much
broader and twice as long as the third, and the remainder
broadly triangular, except the last, which is oval. The pro¬
notum is broader than long, with short, truncated, hinder
angles. The elytra are slightly convex, elongated oval.

* L. murinus , Linn. (Plate X., Fig. 16). Black or dark
brown, completely clothed with dense sessile hair of a grey

BEETLES.

or light brown colour, marbled with white. The elytra are
finely striated. It is common on flowers, the larvae in moss.

Genus Elater, Linn. (Ampedus, Germ.)

The prosternum has an obtuse projection towards the
mesosternum, and is without grooves for the antennae. The
antennae are dentated from the fourth joint, rarely from the
third; the second joint is small, the third a little smaller, and
the others triangular, the terminal one not being truncated at
the end. The pronotum is as long as, or longer than, it is
broad, and narrowed in front. The elytra are as wide as the
pronotum. The beetles live On flowers and the larvae in wood.

* E. sanguineus, Linn. (Plate X., Eig. 17). Black, with
scarlet elytra, covered with black hair. The pronotum is
almost uniformly punctured. It is found as early as March
in pine-stumps, in which the long hard larvae live. It is very
rare, but has been taken in the New Forest.

* E. lythro'pterus, Germ., is very similar to the last species,,
but is clothed with reddish-brown hair. It is local.

E. prceustus, Fabr. (Plate X., Fig. 18). Smaller than the
preceding. Elytra red, with a black tip. It is found from
May to August, and the larva feeds in oak-trees. It is a
native of many parts of the Continent of Europe.

Genus Cardiophorus, Eschsch.

Scutellum heart-shaped, appendage of the sternum very
short and thick. The antennae are somewhat acutely serrated,,
sometimes obtuse. The second joint is smaller than those
succeeding. The pronotum is strongly convex, the sides
slightly rounded, and generally only with a sharp border at
the base. The elytraTare as broad as, or broader than, the
pronotum. They are] found in flowers, and the larvae in wood.

BEETLES.

C. thwacicus, Fabr. (Plate X., Fig. 19). Black, with thin
whitish hair, and with the pronotum light red. The larva
lives in deciduous trees.

C. rujicollis , Linn. Bather smaller than the last. The
pronotum is coral-red, with the hind border and the anterior
third black. It is common in pine-woods on the Continent,
and the larva lives in pine.

Genus Melanotus, Eschsch.

Scutellum oblong. Antennae dentated. The second and
third joints are much smaller than the rest, and roundish.
The front of the head has a shallow curve anteriorly. The
pronotum is gradually narrowed in front. The elytra are
long, and widest in front. They are found on flowers. The
larvae live in the wood of old trees, and the beetles are often
found in large numbers there too.

* M. castanipes, Payk. (Plate X., Fig. 20). Pitchy-black or
pitchy-brown. Antennae and legs reddish-brown. The pronotum
is scarcely rounded at the sides, but narrowed from the middle
towards the front. It is thickly punctured on the sides,
and in a more scattered manner in the middle. The elytra
are slightly punctate-striate, with finely-punctured interspaces.
Length, 18-20 mm. It is found in mountainous districts in
many parts of Europe.

Genus Limonius, Eschsch.

Antennae strong, laterally compressed; the second and third
joints are small, the fourth to the tenth more or less broadly
triangular, the eleventh elongated oval. The head is strongly
depressed. The pronotum is somewhat convex, slightly
narrowed in front, the hinder angles being obtuse, and
occasionally elbowed. Elytra about as broad as the pronotum

BEETLES.

at the base, with straight borders rounded along the last
third of their length. The beetles' frequent sunny slopes,
where they may be found on the grass, or on shrubs.

L. nigripes , Gyll. (Plate X., Pig. 21). Black, with whitish
hair. The pronotum is somewhat closely and heavily punctured,
and is nearly as broad as long at the base. The sternal
appendage is not furrowed. Length, 8-12 mm. It is common
in grassy places in most parts of the Continent.

Genus Athous, Eschsch.

Antennae serrated, or with almost cylindrical joints. Head
large, moderately depressed, sharply-ridged in front. Pro¬
notum slightly rounded at the sides, the hinder angles
generally short and obtuse. The elytra are fairly long,
scarcely broader than the pronotum. The tarsi are rather
thick, with the joints generally expanded and sponge-like,
or slightly lobed beneath. The numerous species, which are
mostly brown, live on flowers, and their larvae under the
bark of trees.

* A. niger, Linn. (Plate X., Eig. 22). Shining black, with
fine, grey pubescence. The antennae are longer than the head
and pronotum, and the second joint is much smaller than the
third. The pronotum is finely punctured, and is expanded
in the middle. The elytra are finely punctured, and slightly
striated; they are rather broader than the pronotum. It is
common in bushes.

* A. Juzmorrhoidalis, Fabr. (Plate X., Fig. 23). This is a
somewhat elongated, uniformly broad, hairy, pitchy-brown, or
black, beetle, with light brown wing-cases. The abdomen is
tipped with reddish-brown, and the borders of the wing-cases
have the same colour: The antennae are slender, with the
third joint almost twice as long as the second, and conical

BEETLES.

in shape. It is common on hazel, and on heath growing
under pines.

Genus Corymbites, Latr.

Wing-cases generally slightly oval, as broad as the pronotum
•at the base, but more than twice as long. The prosternum is
without distinct grooves for the antennae. The trochanters
are simple and slender. The antennae vary, and have branches
on the inner side in the males of some species. They are
found on grass, bushes, and flowers, as well as under stones.

G. hcemalodes, Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 2). Black, with blood-
red wing-cases and a red head and pronotum, clothed with a
velvety down. The male has branched antennae. It appears
in early spring on the shoots of willows and mountain-ash.
It is found in most parts of the Continent.

* G. castaneus, Linn. Elytra orange, tipped with black, dis¬
tinctly punctate-striate. Head and pronotum thickly covered
with yellow, felt-like hair. Length, 9-10 mm. It is very rare.

* G. cupreus , Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 3). Elytra yellow in front,
with the tip metallic-green or bronzy, frequently entirely
bronzed, like the pronotum. Length, 15 mm.

* C. pectinicornis, Linn. (Plate XI., Fig. 1). Shining brassy,
with more or less green. The antennae are black, with the
branches in the male more than twice as long as the separate
joints. The elytra are finely punctate-striate, flat in the male,
distinctly convex in the female. Length, 14-18 mm.

* G. tessellatus, Linn. Metallic-brown, clothed with patches
of thick silky yellow pubescence, which gives the upper
surface a rather variegated appearance. Length, 8-9 mm , It
is found in grassy places.

* G. ceneus , Linn. (Plate XI., Fig. 4). Eather broad, smooth,
and of a shining metallic-green, blue, coppery, or black, with dark

100

BEETLES.

metallic or red legs. The pronotum is almost quadrangular,
with a central furrow which disappears in front. The wing-cases
are finely punctate-striate, with finely punctured interstices.
Length, 10-14 mm. It is found principally in hilly districts.

Genus Ludius, Latr.

Trochanters rather broad, toothed on the hinder border.
Antennae acutely dentated from the fourth joint, with the
second and third joints very small and rounded, and the
eleventh with a distinctly-defined awl-shaped extremity,
but otherwise closely resembling the last genus. The only
British species is :

* L. ferrugineus , Linn. (Plate X., Pig. 5). This is one of
the largest of the click-beetles. It is black, with the pronotum
as far as the posterior margin, as well as the elytra, dull orange-
colour. The pronotum is, however, frequently entirely black.
It frequents flowers in June and July. The larvae feed in the
dead wood of various trees, especially willows. It is very rare
in Britain.

Genus Agkiotes, Eschsch.

In these the sides of the pronotum are obtuse, the margin
being deflexed in front. There are no grooves for the antennae.
The antennae are somewhat dentated, and only slightly com¬
pressed laterally. The second, third, and fourth joints are all
of different lengths. The wing-cases are scarcely broader, but
more than twice as long as the pronotum. The tarsal joints
and claws are simple. They are found on flowers. The larvae
live in the ground on the roots of low plants, and are known
as the much-dreaded “ wire-worms.”

* A. lineatus, Linn. ( segetis , Bjerkand), (Plate XI., Fig. 7).
The second joint of the antennae is longer than the third. The
elytra are brown, with the second and third intervals between

11 .

X '* 1 W % % *

tfi. 21. 22. 32. 23. 24. 25.

BEETLES.

101

the punctate striae dark brown or black. Length, 6-7 mm. It
is a common insect. The larvae are often very destructive to
the roots of grass and corn.

A. pilosus, Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 6). In this species the
pronotum is longer than it is broad, brown or brownish-black,
clothed with thick sessile hair. The second joint of the
antennae is as long as the third, but distinctly shorter than the
fourth. Length, 14-15 mm. It is found on flowers and bushes
on the Continent, especially in mountainous localities.

Genus Sericosomus, Redt.

Wing-cases as broad as the pronotum, and twice as long.
The second and third joints of the antennae are equal, usually
smaller than the others, and knob-like; occasionally they are
very short. The remaining joints are triangular and distinctly
dentated on the inner side. The prosternum has the front
margin somewhat rounded and slightly retracted, with a
pointed projection towards the mesosternum. They are found
on flowers.

* S. brunneus, Linn. (Plate XI., Fig. 8). Elongated, reddish-
ochreous, densely punctured. Head and lower surface black.
Pronotum red, with a broad black median line, and the lateral
borders black behind. Wing-cases finely striated, with the
interspaces closely and evenly punctured. Length, 9-10 mm.
It is found in sandy places under stones.

Genus Campylus, Fisch.

Wing-cases almost of uniform breadth. Antennae notably
longer than the head and pronotum; the second joint very
small, and from the third to the tenth more or less dentated,
often with a branching extremity on the inner side in the
males. The clypeus is broad and excavated. The prosternum
has short projections behind between the front coxae, and is

102

BEETLES.

truncated in front, leaving the month parts exposed, and
without grooves for the antennae. They are found on hushes,
and the larvae under the bark of trees.

* C. linearis, Linn. (Plate XI., Pig. 9). The elytra are
yellow in the male, frequently with a black suture, rarely quite
black. In the female they are black, margined with yellow,
rarely entirely yellow. The front part of the head and the
pronotum are red, the latter frequently with a black spot in the
middle. Length, 10 mm. It is found under the bark of oak
and alder, in which the larva also lives. It is not uncommon.

Family XXVII. DASOILLID^.

Elytra covering the abdomen. Antennae eleven-jointed,
filiform, or dentated. Prostemum without a projection towards
the mesostemum. Tarsi five-jointed, with the last joint but
one bilobate or simple, in which case the antennae are situated
nearer the front of the head. They are found on flowers.
The larvae live on the roots of plants.

Genus Dascillus, Latr. (Atopa, Payk).

Body elongated and cylindrical. The first three tarsal joints
are lobate. Antennae filiform, with the second joint very
short. Head bent forward, much narrower than the pronotum,
which is twice as broad as long, somewhat narrowed in front,
and with two slight concavities behind.

* D. cervinus, Linn. ( cinereus , Pabr, ), (Plate XL, Pig. 10).
This is the only British species. It is black, clothed with very
thick and fine grey pubescence, and has either only the claws
and apex of the abdomen yellowish-brown, or the antennae,
legs, and elytra also. It is most frequently met with in chalky
districts, where it lives on flowers and flowering shrubs.

BEETLES.

103

G-enus Helodes, Lafcr. (Cyphon, Payk).

Elongated, or rounded oval. The antennae are filiform, with
the second and third joints smaller than the others. The body
is oval. The pronotum is much broader than long. The legs
are simple. The fourth joint of the tarsi is bilobate. The
elytra cover the abdomen. The beetles are found on flowers.

* H. testaceus, Linn, (lividus, Fabr.), (Plate XI., Fig. 11).
Pale yellowish-brown, finely and closely punctured, and with
fine pubescence. The antennae are dark brown, with the
exception of the first three joints; and the margins of the
pronotum and elytra are frequently of the same colour.
Length, mm. It is common in swampy meadows.

Family XXVIII. MALACODERMIDiE.

Body soft. Antennae eleven-jointed, setiform or filiform,
serrated or pectinated. Some of the females are without
elytra. Most of the species live on flowers.

Genus Eros, Newman.

Elytra with prominent raised longitudinal striae; flattened.
The head is nearly hidden under the raised front border of the
pronotum. The antennae are flattened, and almost always have
the third joint larger than the second. They are found on
tree-trunks and flowers.

* E. aurora, Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 12). Pronotum and elytra
red, the former generally margined with darker, with four
broad shallow grooves, and a small diamond-shaped depression
in the middle. It is dark brown beneath. This beetle
frequents flowers, and the larva lives in old oak-trees. It is
very local.

E. ( Homalisus ) suturalis, Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 13). Black,
finely pubescent, with red wing-cases, having a blackish stripe

104

BEETLES.

over the suture, rarely quite "black. It is pitchy-brown on the
under surface. The antennse and legs are brown. It is found
in shady, grassy places, and is a native of the southern parts
of Central Europe.

Genus Lampyris, Linn.

Head completely covered by the pronotum, which is rounded
in front. Antennse filiform and compressed. On each of the
last two abdominal segments there is a small light-producing
spot, which appears yellow when the beetle, is dead. The
males fly at night, whilst the worm-like females are to be
found in the grass in damp places. The larvae live in decaying
trees.

L. splendidula, Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 16). Flat and
elongated, brown, with three translucent spots on the front
of the pronotum. The elytra are not much more than twice
as long as broad. The female is pale yellow, with two yellow
scales in place of wings. It is found in most parts of Central
and Southern Europe, but is not British.

* L. noctiluca, Linn., the Glow-worm (Plate XI., Fig. 14 d,
Fig. 15 2). This species is about 3 or 4 mm. longer than
the last. It has greyish-brown elytra, which are three times
as long as the breadth of both together. The pronotum is
greyish-yellow, with a darker border. The female is brown,
without any trace of wings.

Genus Telephorus, Schaeffer (Cantharis, Linn).

Body soft and elongated. Head prominent. Scutellum
small, with a rounded point. The elytra are somewhat
broader than the pronotum, and cover the abdomen completely.
The antennse have eleven joints, and are filiform or setiform;
they are . inserted on the front of the head before the eyes.
The beetles are found on flowers.

BEETLES.

105

* T. abdominalis, Fabr. Male black, with orange mouth and
abdomen, and blue elytra. Female black, with the basal joint
of the antennae, the front part of the head, the scutellum,
prosternum, and front femora, orange. Length, 13-14 mm.

T. violaceus, Payk. (Plate XI., Fig. 17). This species is
similar to the last,, but has the pronotum also orange. It
is found in many places on the Continent, on pines and
fir-trees.

* T. obscurus, Linn. Black, with fine grey hairs, which are
closer beneath than above. The lateral borders of the pro¬
notum are yellow, and the first two joints of the antennae, as
well as the margins of the abdomen, are for the most part
yellow. It is rare and local in England.

* T. fuscus, Linn. (Plate XL, Fig. 18). Black, with fine
grey pubescence. The base of the antennae, the front part
of the head, and the pronotum are orange, the last with a
black spot on the front border. It is found on fruit trees
and shrubs.

T. lineatus, Kiesenw. (Plate XI., Fig. 19). The elytra are
pale yellow. The eyes, a double spot on the pronotum, the
posterior border of the vertex, the sternum, and middle of
the abdominal segments, are black. The tips of the antennae
are brownish. This species inhabits the Pyrenees.

* T. (Rhagonycha) fulvus , Scop. (Plate. XI., Fig. 20). Wing-
cases entirely yellow, tipped with black. Legs and antennae,
with the exception of the base of the latter, black. It is very
common on flowers.

Genus Malthinus, Latr.

Wing-cases generally shorter than the body. Head large
and somewhat flat, with a broad front; much narrowed behind
the eyes towards the base. The antennae are filiform, and
placed at some distance from the inner border of the eyes.

106

BEETLES.

They are found gregariously on flowers and bushes standing
in grassy places.

M. biguttatus, Payk. (Plate XI., Fig. 21). This species is
black, finely hairy. The elytra are punctate-striate and tipped
with sulphur-yellow. The front part of the head, the base
of the antennae, and the femora, are yellow. Length, 6-7 mm.
It is found in various parts of the Continent, especially in
mountainous districts.

* M. ( Malthodes ) marginatus , Latr. (Plate XI., Fig. 22).
Elytra greyish - brown, tipped with sulphur - yellow. The
mouth, legs and tarsi, the edges of the pronotum, and some
markings on the abdomen, are yellow. The pronotum is
nearly quadrangular. It is common in and near woods.

* M. ( Malthodes ) sanguinolentus, Fall. The pronotum is
orange, with a darker spot in the middle. The elytra are
brown, tipped with sulphur - yellow; and the legs and the
edges of the abdominal segments are yellow. Length, 4 mm.
It is common in damp woods.

Genus Malachius, Fabr.

Antennae inserted between the eyes, eleven-jointed. Elytra
scarcely broader than the pronotum, twice as long as broad, and
expanded towards the extremity. The beetles live on flowers.

* M. ceneus, Linn. (Plate XI., Fig. 23). This species is
coppery-green with dull-red elytra, very finely granulated,
with a green spot. The second joint of the antennae is pro¬
duced in a point internally at the apex in the male, and there
is a long curved hook on the third. The larva lives in thatch.

* M. bipustulatus, Fabr. (Plate XL, Fig. 24). Shining green,
with the mouth yellow, and the front angles of the pronotum
and tips of the wing-cases red. The basal joints of the

BEETLES.

107

antennse with larger or smaller processes on the inner
side in the male. The larva lives in the old wood of
willows. The beetle is very common on flowers.

* M- marginellus, Fabr. This species is also shining green,
with a yellow mouth. The tips of the wing-cases are orange.
The pronotum is broadly bordered with red. The joints of
the antennae, from the third to the seventh, are excavated on
the inner side in the male, and the seventh is produced
at the apex into a blunt tooth.

Genus Anthocomus, Erichs.

Abdominal segments interrupted in the middle, and mem¬
branous. Antennae eleven-jointed, filiform, rarely slightly
serrated or dentated.

* A. fasciatus , Linn. Elytra black, with a broad red mark
on each before the middle, and a smaller band of the same
colour at the extremity. The extremities of the elytra are
reflexed in the male, with a small appendage.

Genus Dasytes, Payk.

Pronotum scarcely longer than broad, body clothed with
erect hair. The claws are simple in both sexes. The
antennae have eleven joints, and are situated on the sides
of the head in front of the eyes; they are filiform and
generally dentated. The beetles live on flowering trees
and bushes.

D . cc&ruleus , Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 25). Wing-cases blue,
granulated. Antennae and tarsi black. Pronotum deeply and
sparsely punctured. The beetle is found in old branches of
oak and beech trees, where the larvae perhaps prey on
wood-boring beetles. It is common in many parts of the
Continent.

108

BEETLES.

Family XXIX. CLERIDiE.

Body generally cylindrical. Antennae either gradually
thickened, or with three enlarged terminal joints; eyes
emarginate. The front coxae are prominent, and the posterior
ones are oblique. The tarsi are four- or five-jointed, with
spongy soles, by means of which the beetles can hold very
tightly. They live on flowers and prey on other insects, and
some of them enter bee-hives and kill the bees.

Genus Tillus, Oliv.

Prosternum fused with its lateral appendages. The tarsi
have five joints, and the first joint is visible from above. The
head is oval. The antennae are serrated from the third joint
to the end, and the second joint is small. The elytra are of
uniform width, or slightly expanded beyond the middle. The
beetle lives on flowers or freshly-hewn timber.

* T. elongatus, Linn. (Plate XI., Pig. 26). This species is
black and finely pubescent. The elytra are bluish-black,
punctate-striate. The pronotum is red in the female and
black in the male, which is the smaller sex. It is found on
old oaks, beeches, willows, &c., but is not common.

Genus Opilus, Latr.

This genus closely resembles the last, but the first joint
of the tarsi is hidden by the second, and is more or less
abbreviated. The eyes are large and prominent. The beetles
are nocturnal in habits, and live in houses and in trees, where
the larvae prey on other insects.

* 0. mollis , Latr. (Plate XL, Fig. 27). This species is dark
brown. The antennae, the legs (with the exception of the
middle of the femora), the tips of the elytra, and the
square spots on them, are pale yellow. The abdomen is

BEETLES.

10&

orange-coloured. It is found under the bark of dead
oaks, lime trees, and in rafters. The larva occurs in houses
among rubbish. It is rather scarce and local.

Genus Clerus, Fabr.

Pronotum almost' heart-shaped, strongly constricted behind,
and with a transverse impression before the extremity. The
antennas are gradually thickened towards the extremity. The
last three joints are as broad or broader than they are long,
and the last has an oval extremity. They are found on the
stems of trees.

* C. formicarius, Linn. (Plate XI., Fig. 28). Pronotum and
elytra red at the shoulder angles, the latter with two white
bands. It is found on fences and in tree-trunks. The larva
preys on wood-boring beetles.

Genus Trichodes, Fabr.

Body elongated. Pronotum attenuated behind, and trans¬
versely compressed in front of the extremity, so that the
front margin appears to be somewhat raised. The antennae
have a three-jointed terminal club, the last joint being very
large and obliquely truncated. The tarsi are four-jointed.
The males usually have rather stout hind femora. They live
in flowers, where they lie in wait for other insects. The larvae,
which are red, live in the nests of bees.

* T. apiarius, linn. (Plate XI., Fig. 29). This species is
dark blue, with thick pubescence. The elytra are red, with
two broad bands, and the tip blue-black. It is found in the
nests of honey bees and mason bees. It has been met with in
Britain, but has been probably introduced.

* T. alvearius , Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 30), is very similar to the
last species, but is not so hairy, and the end of the elytra is

110

BEETLES.

red. It is found in the nests of carpenter bees and wood¬
cutting bees. This species has probably also been introduced.

Genus Corynetes, Herbst.

Body elongated. Pronotum distinctly longer than broad,
rather expanded in the middle in front. The elytra have
scattered punctures. The tarsi have four joints, the first
being hidden in the second. The claws are expanded in a
tooth-like manner at the base. These beetles live on flowers
or on dry carrion.

* G. caeruleus, De Geer (Plate XI., Pig. 31). Blue or
greenish-blue, pubescent, darker beneath. Antennae black;
legs dark blue; elytra with scattered punctures. It is occa¬
sionally found on rotting oaks.

Family XXX. LYMEXYLONIDiE.

Body elongated, cylindrical. Antennae filiform or slightly
fusiform, serrated or pectinated. The prosternum has no
projection towards the mesosternum. The elytra are not
convex at the extremity, but diverging. Both the beetles
and their larvae are found in felled timber.

Genus Hyleccetus, Latr.

Pronotum broader than long. Antennae eleven-jointed,
serrated or pectinated, with the second joint small. The
last joint of the palpi has a tuft of long, narrow lamellae in
the males, but is thickened and truncated at the extremity
in the females.

* H. dermestoides, Fabr. (Plate XI., Fig. 32). Antennae
serrated. We have figured the female. The male is much
smaller than the female, and either entirely black, with only
the legs reddish-brown or yellow, or else with the antennae
and elytra yellowish-brown, with the exception of the extremity

BEETLES.

Ill

■of the latter, which is black. The larva lives in beech, fir, and
oak trees. It is very local.

Genus Lymexylon, Fabr.

Pronotum longer than broad, attenuated in front. Abdomen
with five segments. The antennae have eleven joints, and are
filiform, slightly expanded in the middle. The only British
species is:

* L. navale, Linn. The male is o-9 mm. in length, with the
elytra at the base as far as the middle of the suture, the
abdomen and legs, yellow. The female averages 8-14 mm., and
is ochre-yellow, with the head, the margins, and tips of the
elytra, blackish. The larva lives in the wood of oaks.

Family XXXI. PTINIIX®.

Elytra covering the abdomen. Antennae with from nine to
eleven joints, filiform, serrated, pectinated, or with three
enlarged terminal joints. The prosternum has no projection
towards the mesostemum. The tarsi are five-jointed, the first
two joints being about equal. The claws are simple. The
beetles five in wood and dry vegetable and animal substances.

Genus Hedobia, Ziegl.

Elytra cylindrical, more than half again as long as broad.
The antennae have eleven joints, and are longer than the body;
they are filiform. The first joint is the stoutest, the second is
small, and the remainder are about equal in length. They
live on flowering shrubs and the larvae in old wood.

* S. imperialis ,, Linn. (Plate XII., Fig. 1). This is a fuscous
species clothed with whitish down. The elytra have a waved
white patch, and a white spot near the extremity. The antennae
and legs are dull red. It lives in the old stumps of walnut,
hazel, beech, and damson trees, as well as in old white-thorn
bushes. It is widely distributed.

112

BEETLES.

Genus Ptinus, Linn.

Body short, oval. Antennae with eleven joints, long and
filiform, situated between the eyes. The legs are slender at the
base, but club-shaped near the knee. The tarsi are five-jointed,
with the third and fourth joints simple. The beetles live in
dry wood and vegetable substances, some of them in houses,
and are very destructive to natural history specimens.

* P.fur , Linn. (Plate XII., Pig. 2). Male nearly cylindrical,
red, reddish-brown, or pitchy-brown, and pubescent. The head
is covered with white hair. The female is much larger than the
male, and elongated oval. The pronotum is covered with large
yellow tufts of hair, coalescing behind. It is common and
destructive in houses, where it frequents the larder; and in
drug-stores, on the dried portions of plants, and particularly
seeds. It also frequently attacks collections of insects and plants.

* P. ( Niptus ) hololeucus, Palderm. (Plate XII., Pig. 3). Globu¬
lar, completely clothed with thick, golden-yellow pubescence.
This little beetle was originally a native of Asia Minor, but
has been gradually introduced with merchandise, and is now
sometimes destructive to wool, drugs, and other dry materials.

Genus Gibbium, Scop.

Body small, humped, and wingless. Elytra grown together
at the suture, and raised into a bladder-like translucent ball.
The antennae are eleven-jointed, filiform, and nearly as long as
the body. The third and fourth joints of the tarsi are simple.
It is found on animal products.

* G. scotias, Pabr. (Plate XII., Pig. 4). Chestnut-brown,
glassy, shining, and translucent. Pronotum very short.
Antennae and legs clothed with shining yellow pubescence.
Length, 3 mm. It is occasionally found in woollen stuff’s^
and especially in sheep’s wool, but is rare.

BEETLES.

113

Genus Anobium, Fabr.

Body cylindrical. Antennae eleven-jointed, with the first joint
large and stout, and the rest small and roundish. The last three
joints are long, and flattened. They are placed in front of the
eyes. The beetles are found on flowers and in wood, especially
in furniture and fittings, of which the larvae are especially fond.

* A. pertinax, Linn., the Death Watch (Plate XII., Fig. 5).
Elytra punctate-striate, dark brown. The pronotum has three
pits in the middle, and two behind at the hinder angles, as well
as a yellow pubescent spot. It is common in old willows and
in household fittings, and if touched feigns death. The males
knock vigorously against the wood with their heads, producing
the so-called death-tick, and the females answer them.

* A. striatum , Oliv., is a similar species, but smaller; and
another of the genus (* A. paniceum , Fabr.) lives in stale bread.

* A. ( Xestobium ) tesselatum, Fabr. (Plate XII., Fig. 6). Elytra
irregularly punctured, dark brown, with yellowish pubescent
spots. The pronotum is convex, without distinct pits. Length,
5-6 mm. It is common in the wood of trees, especially in oaks.

Genus Apate, Fabr. (Bostrychus, Geoff).

Body cylindrical. Head rather small, nearly oval, sunk into
the pronotum almost as far as the eyes. Clypeus sl ightly
concave in front. Pronotum roughly convex. Antennas with
ten joints, the first and second being a little longer than the
five following. These beetles swarm in the evening in woods
in May and June. The larvae live in wood.

* A. capucina, Linn. (Plate XII., Fig. 7). Black, with red
wing-cases and abdomen. The pronotum is not concave in
front. The wing-cases are deeply and irregularly punctured. It
lives in decayed oak and lime trees, and is very rare in Britain.

Section II. HETEROMEEA.

(Beetles which have five joints to the first and second pairs of
tarsi, and four to the hind pair.)

Family XXXII. TENEBRIONIDiE.

These are, for the most part, black in colour. The antennae
are inserted under the expanded lateral border of the head,
which covers the first joint to a greater or less extent. The
abdomen is globular or ovaL

Genus Blaps, Fabr.

These are wingless beetles, with short antennae, the last
joints of which are almost spherical. The elytra are rather
broader than the pronotum, and nearly twice as long as broad.
They live in dark places.

* B. mortisaga, Fabr., the Cellar Beetle (Plate XII., Fig. 8).
This species has a yellow tuft of hair in the middle of the
hind border of the first abdominal segment in the male. Both
the beetle and its hard, elongated larva are found under rotten
boards, and in cellars. It is very rare in Britain, though one
or two closely allied species are common.

Genus Opatkum, Fabr.

Body rather flat, broad, and oval. The front coxae are only
slightly further from one another than the middle pair. The
eyes are at the lateral margins of the head, and divided into
two. They are found under stones in sandy places.

* 0. sabulosum, Linn. (Plate XII., Fig. 9). This insect is
black, ashy-grey above, and slightly convex. The front tibiae

114

BEETLES.

115

are expanded into a triangular tooth at the extremity. It is
found on sandy roads in spring, and is common locally.

Genus Bolitophagus, Illig.

Antennae gradually thickened towards the extremity.
Mouth-parts quite covered by the rough clypeus. The wing-
cases are broad and shortly cylindrical. They live in fungi
growing on trees.

* B. reticulatus, Linn. (Plate XII., Pig. 10). This species is
black or brown, with the pronotum expanded in front of the
middle, and much narrowed behind. It is found in fungi, and
is almost confined to the Tay district in Britain.

Genus Diaperis, Geoffr.

Body short, oval, and very convex, almost hemispherical.
The process of the prosternum is narrow. The only species is :

* B. boleti, Linn. (Plate XII., Pig. 11). Elytra with very
fine scattered punctures, and yellow bands. It lives in fungi
growing on oak and beech trees, and under the damp bark.

Genus Tenebrio, Linn.

Body elongated. Antennas moniliform, slightly thickened
towards the extremity, with the third joint the longest.
The pronotum is broadest in the middle. The beetles live
in rotten wood.

* T. molitor, linn., the Meal-worm Beetle (Plate XII.,
Pig. 12). Pitchy-black or brown, finely punctured. The
under surface and legs are reddish-brown. It is found in
old flour and bread troughs, and in the rotten wood of oak
and pine trees. The larva is known as the “ meal worm.”

Genus Helops, Pabr.

Eyes kidney-shaped. Pronotum closely fitting to the wing-
cases. Antennae filiform, and longer than the head and

116

BEETLES.

pronotum together, with the second joint very short and the
third longest. It lives under the bark of trees.

* E. striatus, Fourc. (Plate XII., Pig. 13). This species is
shining black, pitchy-brown beneath, with reddish-brown
antennae and legs. It lives in winter under moss, and in
summer under the bark of pine trees. It is common in the
South of England.

Genus Cistela, Geoffr.

Elytra long, oval, clylindrical, and convex. Antennae
serrated, either filiform or setiform, situated at the front
margin of the eyes, with the second joint short, and rarely
the third also. The beetles live on flowers.

* G. atra, Eabr. (Plate XII., Pig. 14). Shining black,
with very fine pubescence, and a red mouth, antennae, and
legs. It lives in the decaying wood of old oaks, elders, and
willows, and is found on the trunks at night. It is very local.

* C. sulphurea , Linn. (Plate XII., Pig. 15). This species
is yellow with black eyes, and the tips of the antennae, the
palpi, and legs, blackish. It is found on the coast on
Peucedanum and dogwort (Cynanchum).

Genus Omophlus, Sober.

Head fitting into the pronotum, and more or less retractile
as far as the eyes. The pronotum is equally attenuated in
front and behind, and has the front margin truncated. The
beetles live on flowers.

0. letulce , Herbst ( lepturoides , Pabr.) (Plate XII., Pig. 16).
Wing-cases reddish - ochreous or rusty - yellow, with the
pronotum narrow and black, and the antenn* and legs also
black. Length, 12-16 mm. It is found in wood-yards and
on fodder in most parts of Central and Southern Europe.

BEETLES.

117

Family XXXIII. PYTHIDiE.

Head produced, with round, prominent eyes. Body flat.
Antennae almost filiform, and very slightly thickened towards
the tips, with the last joints broader than long. They are
found under the bark of trees.

Genus Pytho, Latr.

The only species is:

* P. depressus, Linn. (Plate XII., Fig. 17). Black, with
the mouth, antennae, tibiae, and tarsi, rusty-red. The abdomen
is more or less completely brown, and the elytra are frequently
blue-black or steel-blue. It lives under the rotten bark of
trees.

Family XXXIY. MELANDRYID,®.

Head triangular, slightly produced, or retracted into the
pronotum. The pronotum is narrowed in front, but usually
nearly as broad as the wing-cases behind. They are found
under the dead wood of trees, or in fungi.

Genus Orchesia, Latr.

Body narrowed behind; hinder angles of the pronotum
not pointed. Antennae thickened towards the extremity,
with the terminal joints enlarged. These hopping beetles
live in the trunks of trees.

* 0. micans, Illig. (Plate XII., Fig. 18). This beetle is brown,
thickly covered with fine silky pubescence. The abdomen and
legs are orange-coloured. It is found in the trunks of oaks
and beech trees, where it lives on fungi.

Genus Serropalpus, Payk.

Body long and cylindrical. Antennae setiform and half
as long as the body in the male, but shorter in the female.

118

BEETLES.

Legs long and slender. The beetles live in the old wood of
pines and fir trees.

* S. barbaius, Schaller. (striatus, Hellen), (Plate XII., Pig. 19).
This is a native of Central and Eastern Europe, and has been
once or twice taken in Britain. It is brown with silky hair,
and slightly striated, elytra. Length, 14-20 mm.

Genus Melandrya, Pabr.

Body elongated. Wing-cases slightly convex, expanded
in the middle, broader than the pronotum. Antennae filiform
and curved, with the joints only slightly longer than broad.
They live in old wood.

* M. caraboides, Linn. (Plate XII., Pig. 20). The elytra
are thickly punctate-striate, and the tips of the antennae
and part of the tarsi are orange. It is found in beech and
oak trees. It is common in the London district.

Family XXXY. LAGRIIDjE.

Body elongated. Head rounded, and broader than the

pronotum, which is cylindrical. Antennae with short joints.

Genus Lagria, Pabr.

This is the only European genus of the family. The elytra
are covered with rough hair. The only British species is :

* I. hirta , Linn. ( pubeseens , Linn., $ ), (Plate XII., Pig. 21).
The last joint of the antennae is longer in the male than in
the female. The wing-cases are brownish-yellow and soft,
clothed with long shaggy hair. It frequents flowering shrubs.

Family XXXYI. PYROCHROIDiE.

Body somewhat flat. Head broader than the pronotum,
which is almost round, but broader than long. Wing-cases
expanded towards the extremity. They live under the bark
of trees.

. BEETLES.

119

Genus Pyrochroa, Fabr.

Body angularly expanded behind the eyes. Eyes kidney-
shaped. Antennae with eleven joints, serrated; each joint
from the third to the extremity expanded into a projection.
They frequent shady, grassy places.

* P. coccinea, Linn. (Plate XII., Fig. 22). The front of
the head has a quadrangular depression, rounded behind,
and sharply bordered in the male. The beetle is found in
birch, walnut, and pine trees, under the decaying bark.

* P- Tubens, Fabr. (Plate XII., Fig. 23). This species is
smaller than the foregoing, with a deep lunulated depression.
The pronotum has a fine median furrow. It is found under
the bark of oaks, beeches, and willows, and is much commoner
than coccinea.

Family XXXVII. MORDELLIDJE.

Pronotum narrow in front, but as broad as the wing-cases
behind. Head attached by a neck. Wing-cases attenuated
behind, leaving the extremity of the body exposed. Antennae
filiform. They are met with on flowers.

Genus Mordella, Linn.

Abdomen drawn out into a point. Claws serrated and
dentated. They live on flowers and decayed wood, and are
very quick and agile in their motions.

* M.fasciata , Fabr. (Plate XII., Fig. 24). Antennae serrated,
with the basal joints yellowish-brown. Elytra black and thickly
pubescent, with grey bands. It is found on flowers.

Family XXXVIII. RHIPIDOPHORIDAC.

This family resembles the last, but the antennae are strongly
serrated, pectinated, or fan-like. Some of them are parasitic

120

BEETLES.

Genus Metcecus, Gerst.

Wing-cases covering the entire body, but not meeting at
the suture. Hind tarsi with elongated, cylindrical joints.

* M. paradoxus, Linn. (Plate XII., Pig. 25). Wing-cases
partially or completely yellow in the male, black in the female.
The beetle, which is rare in Britain, is found in wasps’ nests.

Family XXXIX. CANTHARIDAil.

Body soft, and either winged or not. Head vertical, broader
than the pronotum, and constricted behind into a neck. The
beetles live on trees and grass, and the larvae are parasitic
upon hymenopterous insects.

Genus Meloe, Linn.

Apterous. Abdomen generally large in the females, and
usually not covered by the short elytra. Antennae filiform
or moniliform. They are found in grass. The young six¬
legged larvae hide themselves in flowers, and are carried by
bees into the hive, where they feed upon the eggs until it
is time for them to change into a footless grub.

* M. proscarabceus, Linn. (Plate XII., Fig. 26). This species
is black, with a blue shine, and blue-black antennae and legs.
The wing-cases are nearly as long as the abdomen in the
male. It is common on paths and in grass in the spring.

Genus Lytta, Fabr. (Cantharis, Linn.)

These beetles are soft, and provided with wings. The
wing-cases are much broader than the pronotum, and some¬
what cylindrical. The only British species is:

* L. vesicatoria, Linn., the Blistering Beetle, or Spanish Fly
(Plate XII., Fig. 29). This is shining golden, or bluish-green.
The beetle appears in large numbers in some years on oaks,

BEETLES.

121

elder, and privet, and can be known at some distance by
its peculiar narcotic smell. The larvae are parasitic upon
Hymenoptera. It is rare in this country.

Family XL. CEDEMERID.®.

Wing-cases much broader than the short pronotum, elongated,
and generally narrowed towards the extremity. Antennae
long and filiform or setiform. The beetles live on flowers, and
the larvae in old wood and the stalks of plants.

Genus Xacerdes, Schmidt.

Elongated, and of uniform breadth. Elytra flat, with two
slight longitudinal striae. Antennae with twelve joints in the
males, but only eleven in the females. Legs weak, with the
femora thickened in the males. They live on flowers.

* N. melanura, Linn. (Plate XII., Fig. 27). Head and
prothorax orange. Wing-cases yellow, tipped with black.
Scutellum nearly heart-shaped in the male, but almost
quadrangular in the female. The beetle lives on flowers, and
the larva in old wood. It is found on the sea shore and near
the mouths of rivers, in which places it is not uncommon.

Genus (Edemera, Oliv.

Antennae filiform, with eleven joints. Head strongly pro¬
duced in front. Pronotum short, wing-cases broadest at the
shoulders. Hind femora thickened in the males. They are
found on flowers.

* CE. femorata , Scop. (Plate XII., Fig. 28). This beetle is
black, with grey hair-. It has the base of the antennae and the
elytra yellowish-brown. The hind femora are much thickened
in the male. It is found on Umbelliferce , and is especially
common on Aegojpadium podagraria.

Section III. TETRAMERA.

(Beetles which have all the tarsi four-jointed.)

Family XLL CURCULIONIDiE (Weevils).

Head drawn out into a proboscis. Antennae nearly always
elbowed and thickened towards the extremity. The Weevils
form a very large family of beetles, all of which live upon
vegetable food, some being consequently very destructive.
The larvae are footless maggots, which also live upon the leaves,
stalks, and roots of plants.

Genus Otiorhynchus, Germar.

Very convex beetles, usually of a black colour. Antennae
long, the flagellum extending beyond the eyes. Elytra of
variable length, oval, and rounded at the shoulders. The
species are numerous, and very difficult to distinguish.

* 0. unicolor , Herbst (Plate XIII., Fig. 1). This is a shining
black beetle. The pronotum is nearly as long as broad, and
the elytra are indistinctly punctured. It is found on wooded
slopes.

* 0. ligustici, Linn. (Plate XIII., Fig. 2). Black, more or
less thickly covered with grey scales. The proboscis has a
raised median stria. It lives on the young shoots of the peach
trees and on vines. It is very rare in England.

Genus Phyllobius, Schonherr.

These are winged beetles, with a very short, stout proboscis,
and rather long and slender antennae, the first two joints of
122

13.

BEETLES.

123-

which are elongated and the rest conical. They are found*
often in large numbers, on various hushes, which they denude
of their leaves.

* P. calcaratus (Plate XIII., Fig. 3). This species is black*
clothed with long, grey, yellowish-green, or golden scales. The
femora are distinctly toothed. It is common in woods.

Genus Liophlceus, Germ.

Wing-cases broad, truncated in front. Antennae rather long
and slender, flagellum seven-jointed. The femora are clavate*
obtusely dentated. They live on flowering shrubs.

* L. nubilus, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 4). Black, thickly
punctured, and densely covered with grey scales. Antennae
reddish-brown, with the exception of the club. It is common
on roads and on flowering bushes. Length, 8-11 mm.

Genus Barynotus, Germ.

These are wingless beetles, with the proboscis shorter than
the pronotum, and rather thick. The antennae are somewhat
slender, with the flagellum reaching as far as the middle of the
eyes; the first two joints are elongated, and the rest short.
They are found generally under stones, but occasionally on
bushes.

* B. obscurus, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 5). This species is
black, with brown and grey scales. The wing-cases are in¬
distinctly punctate-striate. It is a common species.

Genus Strophosomus, Schonh.

Apterous beetles, scaly, with erect hair or bristles. The
proboscis is short and angular, flat above. The antennae are
rather slender, with the flagellum reaching to the hind margin
of the eyes. They are found on sandy, grassy places, under
stones, and rarely on bushes.

124

BEETLES.

* S. coryli, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 6). This is a black
beetle, with stout pitchy-brown antennae and legs. The wing-
cases are punctate-striate, with grey and brownish scales.
It is very common on hazel-bushes.

Genus Sciaphilus, Schonh.

Elongated, oval, or nearly globular beetles. The proboscis is
short and rather flat above, emarginate at the extremity. The
males are for the most part much smaller and longer than the
females. They are found in the grass in sandy, sunny places.

* S. ( Polydrusus ) micans, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 7). Elytra
uniformly punctate-striate, with shining coppery-golden scales.
It is co mm on on the young leaves of trees.

Genus Brachyderes, Schonh.

Apterous. Elytra very much produced, femora undentated;
front tibiae not curved at the tip. They are found on young
fir-trees.

B. incanus, Linn. (Plate XIII., Fig. 8). Elongated, pitchy-
brown, with s hining metallic scales. Antennae slender, reddish-
brown. It is found in various parts of the Continent.

Genus Sitones, Schonh.

These are winged beetles, with long wing-cases, having obtuse
shoulder angles. The antennae are somewhat slender, the first
joint elongated and stouter than the rest, the second somewhat
longer than the first, and the succeeding joints short. They are
found on low plants and arborescent plants.

* /S', lineatus, linn. (Plate XIII., Fig. 9). Black, clothed
above with brown, and beneath with grey or greenish scales.
The elytra are punctate-striate, with the alternating interstices
frequently whitish. It frequents clover fields, and is a common
and destructive pest.

BEETLES.

125

Genus Metallites, Germ.

Body soft and winged. Proboscis very short, quadrangular,
but flattened, with a deep groove for the antennae. They live
on bushes.

M. mollis. Germ. (Plate XIII., Fig. 10). This is a black
or brown beetle, with yellowish-brown legs and antennae. The
elytra are punctate-striate, with green scales. It is found on
young fir-trees, and [is a native of South-Eastern Europe.

Genus Polydrusus, Schonh.

This genus is very closely allied to the preceding, and the
species are also winged. The proboscis is short and more or
less round. They live on shrubs.

* P. sericeus, Schall. (splendidus, Herbst), (Plate XIII.,
Fig. 11). This is a black beetle, clothed with bluish or
greenish scales. The legs and tarsi are pale yellowish-brown.
It is very rare in this country.

Genus Tanymecus, Germ.

Body elongated and winged. Pronotum longer than broad.
Antennae rather slender, the first two joints being elongated,
and the rest short. The proboscis is short and quadrangular.
They are found on low plants.

* T. palliatus, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 12). This species
is black, clothed with fine brownish-grey scales above, and pale
grey beneath. In the female the first and second abdominal
segments are grooved. It is found on nettles, thistles, and
turnips, and is rather common in the neighbourhood of London.

Genus Chlorophanus, Dalm.

Winged. Flagellum of the antennae not reaching the eyes.
Tibiae expanded inwards at the tip into a long, sharp, homy
hook. They are found on bushes and trees.

126

BEETLES.

C. viridis, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 13). This beetle is
clothed with green scales above, and with yellow on the sides
of the pronotum and elytra, the latter with a short spine. It
is common on alder, willow, and hazel in most parts of the
Continent.

Genus Minyops, Schonh.

Apterous beetles, with small, elongated, oval eyes placed
laterally. The proboscis is rather stout and long, slightly bent.
The antennse are short, with the first joint elongated, the
second scarcely longer than the third, and the remaining ones
very short.

M. variolosus (Plate XIII., Fig. 14). Black, with numerous
depressions, more or less covered with a grey dusting. It is
a native of Southern France and Germany, where it lives
under stones.

Genus Molytes, Schonh.

Apterous; either bare or spotted with yellow scales. The
elytra have the shoulders rounded. The flagellum of the
antennae does not extend to the eyes. Scutellum distinct.
It is found on paths, in grass, and under stones.

* M. germamis, Linn. (Plate XIII., Fig. 15). Wing-cases
and pronotum with numerous depressed yellow-scaled spots.
The last abdominal segment is simple in the female, but
slightly depressed in the male. It is found in chalky
places, and is rare and local.

Genus Plinthus, Germ.

Apterous. Elytra with a common concavity at the base,
with obtusely projecting shoulders. Scutellum very indis¬
tinctly seen. Antennae somewhat slender, the first two joints
elongated, and the others knot-like. They are found under
stones.

BEETLES.

127

P. sturmii, Germ. (Plate XIII., Fig. 16). Pitchy-black,
finely hairy. Pronotum granulated. Elytra strongly punctate-
striate, with small elevations. It is a mountain species,
inhabiting the southern portions of Central Europe.

Genus Alophus, Schonh.

This genus closely resembles the last, but has the flagellum
of the antennae not nearly extending to the eyes. The body is
scaly and without wings. The only British species is:

* A. triguttatus, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 17). Black,
•clothed with grey and brown scales. Elytra striated, each
with two lighter scaly spots. It is not uncommon, especially
in sandy and chalky localities, under stones, &c.

Genus Hypera, Germ. (Phytonomus, Schonh).

Some of the species are winged, and others not. Antennae
slender, seven-jointed, the first two joints more or less
•elongated, the others almost moniliform. The hind margin
of the pronotum is slightly rounded. They live on plants.

* H. punctata, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 18). This beetle
is winged, and has grey and brown scales. The sides of the
wing-cases and the under surface are thickly clothed with
greyish-white scales, and the antennae and tibiae are brownish-
red. It is common, especially in dry, sandy places.

H. variabilis, Herbst (Plate XIII., Fig. 19). This species
is black, with ashy-grey scales. The pronotum has three pale
longitudinal bands, and the elytra have a large brown patch on
the front of the suture. The antennae and tibiae are dull red.
It is common on leguminous plants.

Genus Cleonus, Schonh.

Body elongated, scaled, and winged or wingless. Proboscis
short, with deep grooves for the antennae, curved strongly
downwards. Antennae rather short and stout, the flagellum

128

BEETLES.

not reaching the eyes. They are found under stones, and the
larvae live in the stems and roots of low plants.

* G. sulcirostris, Linn. (Plate XIII., Pig. 20). This beetle is
rather thickly clothed with grey pubescence. The wing-cases
are slightly punctate-striate, with two oblique, dark, denuded
bands. The larvae live in the stalks and roots of thistles, and
are sometimes destructive to beet. It is found chiefly near the
coast.

C. ophthalmicus, Eossi. (Plate XIII., Pig. 21). This species is
clothed with whitish-grey or greyish-yellow hair. The elytra
have two lighter-haired spots on each side. Length, 12-14 mm.

C. marmoratus, Pabr. (Plate XIII., Pig. 22). This species is
covered with brown hair, and the head has a depressed
transverse stria behind the eyes. The elytra are chequered
with white. It is found in Prance and Germany.

G. trisulcatus , Herbst (Plate XIII., Pig. 23). This species
closely resembles C. sulcirostris, but has the middle furrow
of the proboscis narrow. The larva lives in the stalks and
roots of Chrysanthemum. It is a native of many parts of
Central Europe.

C. ohliguus, Pabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 24). This is a grey
beetle, with a brownish proboscis. The elytra have two
oblique, blackish bands. It is a native of some parts of
Central and Southern Europe, where it lives on the pine.

C. cinereus, Schrank. (Plate XIII., Pig. 25). This beetle is
thickly clothed with greyish pubescence. The pronotum has
four longitudinal, whitish stripes. The elytra are black,
punctured, and spotted. It is found in various parts of the
Continent.

* G. albidus , Pabr. (Plate XIII., Pig. 26). The beetle derives
its name from the whitish pubescence with which it is clothed.

BEETLES.

129

The elytra have two bands, which are denuded and taper
towards the extremity. It is found on pine-trees.

Genus Larinus, Germ.

Body oval, winged, and usually pubescent. The proboscis
is rather long and rounded. The antennae are somewhat
long and seven-jointed, the first two joints being scarcely
longer than those following. They are found on thistles,
and the larvae in the flower-heads.

L. sturnus, Schall. (Plate XIII., Pig. 27). Proboscis with
a raised line down the middle. Elytra very uniformly spotted
with grey. It is a native of various parts of the Continent,
living on Centaurea scabiosa.

L.jacece , Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 28). This closely resembles
the last species, but is smaller, and has not the median furrow
on the proboscis. The elytra are short and oval. It is found
on thistle-heads, and is a native of Southern and the southern
parts of Central Europe.

L. pollinis, Laich. (Plate XIII., Fig. 29). This beetle is
similar, but the proboscis is only half as long as the pronotum.
The wing-cases are covered with yellowish-brown scales. The
abdomen has black linear spots and a yellow spot on the side.
It is found in various parts of the Continent.

Genus Lixus, Fabr.

Body long and cylindrical. Proboscis rather long and
rounded. Antennae inserted near the middle of the proboscis.
Both the beetles and their larvae live in the stems of
Umbelliferce, &c.

* L. parapledicus, Linn. (Plate XIII., Fig. 30). Black,
dusted with greenish-yellow. Femora slender, not thickened.
The larvae live in the stems of umbelliferous plants, and are
especially partial to water-hemlock. It is a rare species.

130

BEETLES.

* L. angustatus , Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 31). Black, with
greyish pubescence, and dusted with greenish. Wing-cases
depressed at the base, punctate-striate. It is a larger beetle
than the last species. The larva lives in the stems of
mallow and thistle.

* L. bicolor , Oliv. (Plate XIII., Fig. 32). This species is
dusted with rusty-brown. The elytra, which are not depressed
at the base, are punctate-striate. It is found on walls in early
spring.

Genus Lepyrus, Germ.

Body elongated oval, scaly, and provided with wings.
Scutellum distinct. Front margin of the pronotum very slightly
concave in its whole breadth. They are found on bushes.

L. colon , Linn. (Plate XIII., Fig. 33). Black, with grey
scales and hair. Elytra with a lighter scaly spot in the
middle. Abdomen with a row of white spots on each side.
It is found on willows in Southern and the southern portions
of Central Europe.

* L. binotatus, Fabr. (Plate XIII., Fig. 34). This species
closely resembles the foregoing, but is a shorter oval, and
has no spots on the abdomen. It is found in woods and damp
meadows, but is very rare in this country.

Genus Hylobius, Germ.

Wing-cases short, cylindrical, and entirely covering the
abdomen. Pronotum scarcely longer than broad, and greatly
narrowed in front. Front margin of the prosternum deeply
incised. Proboscis somewhat curved, and slightly thickened
towards the extremity. They live on pines, the larvae under
the bark of the old stumps.

* H. abietis, Linn. (Plate XIII., Fig. 35). Black, with
yellowish-grey scales. The elytra have from two to four
irregularly-scaled yellow macular bands. The beetles are

BEETLES.

131

found on the shoots and under the bark of young fir-trees,
which they sometimes damage considerably.

Genus Pissodes, Germ.

Elytra with a distinct callosity before the tip, cylindrical.
Prosternum simple. Proboscis slightly curved. They are
found on the trunks of pines and firs, and the larvae live
under the bark.

P. picece, Illig. (Plate XIII., Fig. 36). Brown, with raised
interspaces on the elytra, and yellowish bands. The proboscis
is reddish-brown, thickly punctured. It lives in the white
pine, to which the larvae are very destructive. It is found
in Germany and Switzerland.

* P. pini, Linn. (Plate XIII., Fig. 37). This species is
somewhat lighter. The elytra have a deep quadrangular
depression, and a narrow yellow transverse band, as well as
several spots of the same colour. It is found on fir-trees, in
the North of England and in Scotland.

Genus Grypidius, Schonh.

Wing-cases oval, and almost twice as broad at the
base as the pronotum. Front tibiae with scarcely visible
hinder angles. Proboscis longer than the head and pronotum,
rounded and curved, They live in meadows.

* G. equiseti, Fabr. (Plate XIY., Fig. 1). This beetle is
pitchy-black, with whitish and bluish-grey scales. The elytra
are dilated behind the middle, and both are marked with two
white spots. It lives in damp meadows on Equisetum.

Genus Erirhinus, Schonh.

Body usually elongated oval. Elytra completely covering
the abdomen. Proboscis long and slender, with a long furrow
for the antennae. Front margin of the pronotum even and
straight beneath. They live on aquatic plants and on trees.

132

BEETLES,

* E. tortrix, Linn. (Plate XIV., Pig. 2). Brownish-yellow,
with grey pubescence. Elytra slightly punctate-striate. It
is found on beech-trees and willows.

Genus Balaninus, Germ.

Body broadest in the middle. Proboscis very long and
slender, often as long as the entire body. Wing-cases

elongated, heart-shaped, the pygidium more or less projecting.
They live on bushes, and drop to the ground at the least
movement.

* B. nucum, Linn., the Nut Weevil (Plate XIV., Pig. 3).

This species is covered with grey scales. The proboscis is
only slightly curved in the male, but strongly curved in

the female. The larva of this beetle is the white worm

found in hazel-nuts. One or two allied species infest acorns
and oak-galls.

Genus Anthonomus, Germ.

Body expanded beyond the middle, winged. Scutellum

somewhat raised. Eyes projecting. They are small beetles
which live on flowers and bushes, and often cause considerable
damage to these.

* A. pomorum, Linn. (Plate XIV., Fig. 4). This beetle
is covered with fine grey pubescence, with blackish markings
on the elytra. It hibernates in the crevices of trees, and
lays its eggs in the buds of the apple. The larva lives on
the stamens, and is much dreaded on account of its ravages.

Genus Orchestes, Illig.

Body winged. Scutellum small but distinct. Hind femora
thickened. They are for the most part small species which
live on leaves, and have the power of jumping. The larvae
mine the leaves.

14 .

% *

10 .

I «

«■ 13.

26.

28.

25.

BEETLES.

133

* 0. quercus, Linn. (Plate XIV., Pig. 5). Yellowish-brown,
with grey pubescence. Eyes and sternum black. Elytra
with a large spot. The larva makes brown spots in very
young oak-leaves, as it feeds on the chlorophyll of the leaf.

* 0. fagi, Linn., lives on beech-trees, which it treats in the
same way.

Genus Cionus, Clairv.

Body roundish. Pronotum short. Wing-cases broad and
quadrangular. Proboscis slender and filiform. Eyes not
prominent, situated on the sides in front. The species live
on various low plants.

* C. scroplmlarice, Linn. (Plate XIV., Pig. 6). This species
is covered with grey pubescence, and has the raised interspaces
chequered with black and white. It feeds on figwort.

* G. verbasci, Pabr., is very similar, but has yellowish hair on
the sides. It lives on mullein.

Genus Gymnetron, Schonh.

Elytra short, generally slightly longer than the breadth
at the shoulders. Shoulders obtusely angled. Proboscis
slender and rounded, filiform. They live on 1ow t plants.

G. teter, Pabr. (Plate XIV., Pig. 7). Oval; black, with
yellowish-grey pubescence. Pemora with a club-like expansion
towards the extremity. It lives on snap-dragon, and is a
native of Southern Europe.

Genus CryptorhYnchus, Illig.

Elytra almost oval, greatly narrowed at the extremity, and
covering the whole of the abdomen. The proboscis is nearly
as long as the head and pronotum, and is slender, rounded,
and moderately curved. The only British species is:

*C. lapathi, Linn. (Plate XIV., Pig. 8). This is a black or

134

BEETLES.

pitchy-brown beetle, with raised black scales on the wing-
cases. It lives on alder and willow, the larva feeding in
the wood of the trees.

Genus Ceuthorhynchtjs, Schonh.

Body stout. Wing - cases much broader at the base
than the pronotum. Proboscis slender, filiform, and curved.
Antennae inserted a little in front of the middle of the
proboscis. They are found on flowers and on walls, &e.

* C. ecJiii, Fabr. (Plate XIV., Fig. 9). Black, with greyish-
brown scales above and white beneath. It lives on vipers
bugloss.

* 0. sidcicollis, Gyll, another species of this large genus,
is found in root-galls of rape, &c.

Genus Baridius, Schonh. (B arts , Germ.)

Elongated, rather cylindrical beetles, with the pronotum long
and narrowed at the extremity. Eyes placed at the sides.
Seutellum small and round. They live on various plants.

B. cuprirostris, Fabr. (Plate XIV., Fig. 10). Shining light
green. Proboscis punctured. It is found in cabbage stalks,
and is a native of Southern and parts of Central Europe.

Genus Calandra, Clairv.

Body smooth and elongated. Club of the antennae long,
oval, and blunt-pointed. Proboscis slender and filiform.
Front tibiae with small dentations on the inner side. They
live on grain.

* G. granaria, L in n., the Com Weevil (Plate XIV.,
Fig. 11). This species is brown, rarely black, with rusty-
red legs and antennae. It is found in granaries and bakers’
shops. The larva is black.

BEETLES.

135

Genus Cossonus, Fabr.

Body smooth and long. Antennse rather thick, and inserted
beyond the middle of the proboscis. Elytra more than twice
as long as broad. They are found under decayed bark.

* C. linearis, Linn. (Plate XIV., Fig. 12). Pitchy-black,
with rusty-red legs and antennse. Hot unfrequently the
beetle is entirely brown. Elytra flattened on their front
half. It lives in the wood of willows and poplars.

Genus Magdalinus, Schonh.

Elytra cylindrical, rounded at the base, with a raised border,
leaving the pygidium free. Antennse elongated, with the
flagellum clubbed at the extremity.

* M. pruni, Linn. (Plate XIV., Fig. 13). This is a black
beetle, with a long, straight proboscis. The antennse are
reddish-ochreous, except the club* It is common on fruit
trees, and the larva in dead wood.

Genus Apion, Herbst.

Head and eyes nearly as broad as the pronotum. Antennse
rather slender, with an oval, tapering club. Proboscis awl-
shaped and pointed. There are a great many of these small
beetles, and they are difficult to distinguish. They live on
bushes and low plants, and the larvae in the seeds, leaves,
and stalks.

* A. pomonce, Fabr. (Plate XIV., Fig. 14). Black, with blue
wing-cases. Proboscis generally expanded on the under surface.
It is common on shrubs and fruit trees, living on the flowers.

* A. miniatum, Schonh. (Plate XIV., Fig. 15). This species
is blood-red, with black eyes and a rather stout proboscis.
The elytra are elongated oval, and deeply punctate-striate.
It lives in galls growing on willows and aspen.

BEETLES.

Genus Apoderus, Oliv.

Body rounded. Head distinctly narrowed into a neck behind,
and hanging as if on a stalk. Elytra wider than the pronotum.
They are found on shrubs.

* A. coryli, Linn. (Plate XIV., Eig. 16). This beetle is red
or orange, with a black head, antennae, and scutellum. It is
found on hazel, from whose leaves it constructs a roll, in which
the larva lives.

Genus Attelabus, Linn.

This genus closely resembles the last; but the species are
stouter, and the head is only slightly, if at all, attenuated
behind the eyes. They live on oaks.

* A. curculionoides, Linn. (Plate XIV., Eig. 17). Black,
with the elytra dark red, as in A. coryli, but with the basal
joints of the antennae generally red. It lives on oak-trees,
and has similar habits to A . coryli.

Genus Rhynchites, Herbst.

This resembles the last genus, but the front tibiae are not
toothed on the inner side. The beetles live on bushes and
trees, and the larvae in fruits, shoots, or rolled leaves.

* JR. bacchus, Linn. (Plate XIV., Eig. 18). Reddish-purple,
with a golden shine. The pronotum, antennae, and tarsi are
entirely blue-black. It is found in spring on apple and sloe,
eating the blossoms first and then laying its eggs in the unripe
fruit, in which the larvae live. It is very rare in Britain.

* JR. betuleti , Fabr. (Plate XIV., Fig. 19). Blue or green,
without pubescence, larger and more finely punctured than

* JR. populi, Linn., which lives on the poplar. It prepares
rolls of leaves on apple and pear trees, in which the larvae live.

* JR. pubescens, Eabr. (Plate XIV., Eig. 20). Blue and
pubescent. It is found on young oaks.

BEETLES,

137

Family XLIL SCOLYTIDiE (Bostrychid^e).

Body cylindrical, usually truncated behind. Head more or
less retracted into the pronotum, not drawn out into a
proboscis. Antennae with a large thick club. They live on
trees, and often do considerable damage.

Genus Hylastes, Erichs.

Tips of the elytra not convex. Antennae filiform, with the
club rounded and compressed. They live under the bark
of pines.

* H. ater, Payk. (Plate XIV., Fig. 21). Black, with the end
of the proboscis pressed in. Antennae and tarsi reddish-brown.
It is common under the bark of pine-trees.

* H. (. Rylurgus) piniperda, Linn. (Plate XIV., Fig. 22).
Black, with brown wing-cases, and rusty-red antennae and
tarsi It lives under the bark of pine-trees. The larvae
live in the shoots, which become brown, and then fall off.

R. (Dendroctonus) micans, Kug. (Plate XIV., Fig. 23).
Black, brown, or yellowish-brown, clothed with long greyish-
yellow hair. The elytra are granularlv punctured. It is
found under the bark of pine-trees, and is a native of Northern
and parts of Central Europe.

* R. (Scolytus) pruni, Eatzeb. (Plate XIV., Fig. 24).
Shining black, with the front and hind margins of the
pronotum and the elytra brown. It is found under the
bark of old plum and other fruit trees.

Genus Bostrychus, Fabr. (Tomicus, Latr.)

Tips of the elytra depressed. Antennas filiform, five-jointed,
with a large ringed terminal club and five-jointed flagellum.
They are found in or under the bark of trees and shrubs.

138

BEETLES.

B. typographus, Linn. (Plate XIV., Fig. 25). Brown, with
four teeth on each of the elytra behind.' It lives under the
bark of fir-trees. It is found in most parts of Europe.

* B. ( Dryoccetes ) autographus, Ratzeb. (Plate XIV., Fig. 26).
Pronotum narrowed behind, coarsely and extensively punc¬
tured. It is a native of parts of Northern and Central
Europe, and is often very destructive in fir-woods.

* B. (. Xyloterus ) domesticus, Linn. (Plate XIV., Fig. 27).
This is a black species, with the elytra brownish-yellow and
nearly twice as long as broad. It lives in the dead wood of
beech, sycamore, lime, and birch trees.

Family XLIII. ANTHRIBID,®.

Proboscis usually broad. Antennae eleven-jointed and fre¬
quently clubbed. Tarsi not distinctly four-jointed, because the
third joint is hidden in the deeply-cleft second. The elytra
leave the pygidium uncovered. They live on wood and in
bushes.

Genus Platyrhintts, Clairv.

Eyes round and very prominent. Front of the head
depressed. Proboscis very broad and flat. Elytra flattened
above.

* P. latirostris, Fabr. (Plate XIV., Fig. 28). This is
elongated, and covered with thick grey hair, the tips of the
elytra, sternum, and abdomen being white. It is found in the
stumps of old beeches and elms. It is rare in this country.

* P. ( Tropideres ) albirostris , Herbst (Plate XIV., Fig 29).
Black, sprinkled with grey, with the proboscis and a large
spot at the end of the elytra white. It is found in the stumps
of oak, lime, and beech trees. It is extremely rare.

BEETLES.

139

Genus Anthribus, Fabr.

Elongated, with kidney-shaped eyes. The front margin is
distinctly concave. The antennae are very long in the males,
but only half as long in the females. The only British,
species is:

* A. albinus, Linn. (Plate XIV., Fig. 30). Blackish-brown,
with greyish-brown pubescence. The proboscis, front of the
head, and a spot on the elytra, are white. The extremity of
all the joints of the antennae .is white in the male, but in the
female only the third joint has this colour. It lives in beech
and elm trees. It is local, and as a rule rare.

Family XLIV. CERAMBYCIDiE (Longicornia).

Body long, and rather cylindrical than flattened. They are
mostly large and handsome beetles, with setiform or filiform
antennae, which are usually as long as, or longer than, the body.
The legs are slender, with four-jointed tarsi and broad, spongy
pulvilli. These beetles live on flowers and on wood, and their
elongated larvae live in the stems and branches of trees.

Genus Spondylis, Fabr.

Cylindrical, with the pronotum narrowed in front and
behind. Antennae moniliform, and half the length of the
body.

S. buprestoides, Linn. (Plate XV., Fig. 1). This is a black
beetle, thickly and irregularly punctured. It is found in
fir-woods, and the larva lives in old fir-stumps.

Genus Ergates, Serv.

Antennae setiform. Lateral border of the pronotum finely
notched, or toothed, with a small lateral spine.

140

BEETLES.

E. faber , Linn. (Plate XV., Fig. 2). This beetle is pitchy-
black, and has the first joint of the antennae much thickened.
The pronotum is finely notched in the male, and finely
dentated in the female. The larva lives in the dead wood
of old pines, willows, and poplars.

Genus Pkionus, Geoff.

Pronotum with three large teeth on each side. Antennae
serrated in the males. Wing-cases broad and flattened. The
only British species is :

* P. coriarius , Linn. (Plate XV., Fig. 3)* This is pitchy-
black, with the sternum thickly coated with grey pubescence.
The wing-cases are coarsely punctured. It is found on beech
and oak trees, and the larva lives in the decayed wood.

Genus Cerambyx, Linn.

Head howed. Pronotum with a distinct tooth on the sides,
roughly granulated transversely. Antennae longer than the
body in the males, and as long as the body in the females.
They are found on oak-trees.

C. Keros, Fabr. ( cerdo , Linn.) (Plate XV., Fig. 4). Shining
black, with the tips of the antennas and the under surface
covered with fine, grey pubescence. The larva lives in
healthy oak-trees, and excavates large passages. The beetle
feeds at night on the sap. It is found in various parts
of the Continent.

G. cerdo, Scop. ( scopolii , Fuessl), (Plate XV., Fig. 5). This
species is shining black, with the elytra not narrowed towards
the end. It is found in beech and oak in various parts of
the Continent.

Genus Purpuricenus, Serv.

Antennae sparsely hairy, setiform in the males, with twelve
joints, and longer than the body. Those of the female are

15. '

BEETLES.

141

composed of only eleven filiform joints, and are not longer
than the body. They live on trees.

P. koehleri, Fabr. (Plate XV., Fig. 6). Pronotum entirely
black, or black with a larger or smaller yellow spot on each
side. The larva lives in diseased apricot-trees. It is a native
of Southern Europe.

Genus Bosalia, Serv.

Antennae eleven-jointed, setiform, slightly longer than the
body in the females, but much longer in the males, with tufts
of hair.

R. al'pina , Linn. (Plate XV., Fig. 7). This beetle is covered
with fine bluish-grey pubescence with black spots. It lives on
beech-trees, and the larva in the wood. It is found in
mountainous districts in several countries on the Continent.

Genus Aromia, Serv.

Antennae eleven-jointed, setiform and bare, longer than the
body in the male, but shorter in the female. The only species
is common on willows.

* A. moschata, Linn., the Musk Beetle (Plate XV., Fig. 8).
This beetle is blue, green or coppery, very closely and finely
punctured. It emits a strong smell of musk, and may
frequently be found crawling on decaying willows.

Genus Callidium, Fabr.

Antennae eleven-jointed, filiform or setiform. Eyes strongly
emarginate. Pronotum roundish. The femora are expanded in
a club-like manner. These beetles are found on flowers and
tree-trunks, and the larvae on old tree-stumps.

* C, violacewm, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 1). This is light
blue, violet, or greenish-blue above, darker beneath, with black
legs and antennae. It is found under the bark of pine and alder.

142

BEETLES.

* G. sanguineum, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 2). Fed, with a
velvety surface. It is found on beech, hornbeam, oak, and
■chestnut trees. It is excessively rare in Britain.

G. unifasciatum , Fabr. (Plate XVI., Fig. 3). Beddish-
brown, the hinder portions of the elytra darker, with a white
transverse band. It is a South European species.

G. rufipes, Fabr. (Plate XVI., Fig. 4). Dark blue and
hairy, with the under surface blackish. The base of the
antennae and the legs are orange. It is found in Southern
Europe and in South Central Europe.

* G. varidbile, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 5). This species is
either uniform blue, or blue with an orange pronotum. It is
found under the bark of beech, oak, or willow. It is rather rare.

Genus Hylotrupes, Serv.

Elytra flat, broad, and, like the pronotum, covered with
.scattered grey specks. Antennae filiform and as long as the
body in the males, but shorter in the , females. The only
British species is:

* H. bajulus, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 6). This beetle is pitchy-
black or brown, with a few lighter spots of thick hair in fresh
specimens. It is common in old deal, in fittings, and in posts.

Genus Tetropium, Kirby.

Antennae setiform, half as long as the body. Elytra broader
than the pronotum. Femora much thickened. It is found on
the trunks of trees.

T. luridum, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 7). This species is
-covered with fine grey pubescence. The pronotum is rather
shining. It is common in various parts of the Continent in
the trunks of fir and pine trees.

BEETLES.

143

Genus Asemum, Eschsch.

Pronotum rounded, rather narrower than the elytra, but not
flattened, with only a few indistinct pits. The only British
species is:

* A. striatum, Linn. (Plate XYI., Fig. 8). This is dull
black, with three longitudinal striae on the elytra, which are
rarely brown. It is found in old fir and pine stumps in Scotland.

Genus Criocephalus, Muls.

Wing-cases only slightly broader than the pronotum, and
nearly three times as long as the breadth of both. The
females have a projecting ovipositor.

C. rusticus, Linn. (Plate XYI., Fig. 9). Brown, with two
or more small pits on the pronotum. The wing-cases have
three longitudinal striae. It is found in the roots of felled
pine-trees in various parts of the Continent.

Genus Clytus, Fabr.

Pronotum elongated or rounded, and more or less globularly
•convex. Wing-cases generally as broad as the pronotum. Upper
surface of the body pubescent. They live on flowers and on
felled timber. The larvae are found in wood.

C. detritus, Linn. (Plate XYI., Fig. 10). Elytra black or
brown, with four or five yellow bands, the hinder ones more or
less coalescing. It is found on oaks on the Continent.

* C. arcuatus, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 11). Elytra with four
or five narrow, curved, yellow bands, and a yellow patch on the
suture. It is found on willows, oaks, and beech trees, and is
yery rare in Britain.

C. liciatus, Linn. (Plate XYI., Fig. 12). Wing-cases
rounded at the extremity* with several whitish zigzag bands.

144

BEETLES.

It lives on oak, elm, lime, and poplar, and is a native of
Central Europe.

* C. arietis, Linn. (Plate XVL, Fig. 13). Pronotum black,
with only the front border yellow. Elytra with several curved
and one straight yellow band. It is common on oak, beech,
and rose-bushes.

0. verbasci, Fabr. (Plate XVI., Fig. 14, 15). This species is
greenish-yellow, with two interrupted curved black bands on
the elytra, and a straight one behind. It is found on flowers
in Southern and in some parts of Central Europe.

C. plebeyus, Fabr. (Plate XVI., Fig. 16). Black, with greyish-
white markings on the wing-cases. It is found on Spircm-
throughout Southern Europe. The larva lives in birch, poplar,
and aspen.

* C.mysticus, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 17). Black, with the
elytra red in front; then black and whitish at the extremity.
It is found on may-blossom. The larva lives in old fruit trees
and in alders.

Genus Anisarthron, Bedt.

Elytra broader than the pronotum. Femora not clubbed.
Claws with a tooth-like expansion at the base. The only
species is:

A. barbipes, Schrank (Plate XVI., Fig. 18). Wing-cases
reddish-brown. Pronotum black. This beetle is found in the
mountains of Southern Europe and Switzerland.

Genus Stenopterus, Oliv.

Wing-cases broadest at the pronotum, with an awl-shaped
narrowing behind. They are found on flowers.

S. rufus, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 19). This species is black,
with shaggy hair. The wing-cases are yellowish-brown, with
the base and extremity black. The base of the antennae and

BEETLES.

145

the legs are orange. It is common on flowers in Southern
and the southern portions of Central Europe.

Genus Dorcadion, Dalm.

Body broad. Pronotum widest in the middle. Antennae
rather stout, setiform, rarely longer than the body. They are
found on roads and on walls, sitting usually on their hind legs.

D. quadrilineatum, Muls. (Plate XVI., Fig. 20). This is a
native of South France. It is a striped variety of

D. fuliginator , Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 21), which is black,
with thick white pubescence on the wing-cases. It is found in
Switzerland and in Southern Europe.

Genus Lamia, Fabr.

Winged. Elytra granulated, and twice as long as broad.

* L. textor, Linn. (Plate XVI., Fig. 22). Black, with close,
sessile, brown pubescence. It is found on old willows and
poplars, but is rare in this country.

Genus Monohammus, Meg.

Wing-cases cylindrical in the females, attenuated behind in
the males. They are mountain species.

* M. sutor , Linn. Black, with a metallic-brown gloss. The
scutellum has a yellowish pubescence, with a deep bare longi¬
tudinal line. It is found on felled pine-wood, and is very rare.

Genus Acanthoderus, Serv.

The third tarsal joint very long. Females provided with
an ovipositor.

A. varius, Fabr. (Plate XVII., Fig. 1). This is a black
species, covered with thick pubescence. It is found in the
old trunks of beech and oak-trees, and sometimes in timber-
yards on the Continent.

146

BEETLES.

Genus Astynomus, Eedt.

Elytra twice as long as broad. Antennae setiform, twice
as long as the body in the females, and three, four, or even
five times as long as the body in the males. They live on
felled timber.

* A. cedilis , Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 2). Brown, with
thick pubescence. Wing-cases narrowed towards the tip in
the female. It is found on felled pine-trees and in timber-
yards.

A. atomarius , Fabr. (Plate XVII., Fig. 3). Black, with
thick greyish-brown chequered pubescence. It is found on
oaks and in wood-piles in the Northern and Central parts
of the Continent.

Genus Leiopus, Serv.

Wing-cases nearly twice as long as broad. The last
abdominal segment is rather more conically pointed in the
males than in the females. They are found in timber-yards.

* L. nebulosus, Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 4). This species
is black, with grey pubescence. The wing-cases have two
pale yellowish bands. It is found on the trunks of old
pines, firs, and willows.

Genus Pogonocherus, Meg.

Pronotum with a pointed spine on the sides. Elytra with
very projecting shoulders. Femora thickened at the end.
They are found on dry brush-wood.

* P. fascicularis, Panz. (Plate XVII., Fig, 5). Brown, with
grey and brownish pubescence. The elytra are banded with
white, and have a small black elevation. It is found on pine-
twigs. It is a rare species, sometimes met with in Scotland.

17.

16.

BEETLES.

147

Genus Mesosa, Serv.

Wing-cases much broader than the pronotum. Antennae
longer than the body, with long erect hair on the under surface.
Femora somewhat thickened. They are generally found on pines.

M. curculionoides, Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 6). Black, with
grey pubescence and golden-yellow spots. The pronotum
and elytra have each four black pubescent spots upon them.
It is found on the Continent.

* M. nubila, Oliv. (Plate XVII., Fig. 7). This species is
clothed with reddish-brown and grey hair, and there is a
whitish band on the elytra. It is found in the branches
of oak and beech trees. It is rare in England.

Genus Agapanthia, Serv.

Elytra broader than the elongated pronotum. Head with
a strongly convex top. They are found on flowers, especially
on thistle-heads.

A. angusticollis , Gyll. (Plate XVII., Fig. 8). This beetle
is black, with yellowish pubescence, and the first joint of the
antennae is clothed with thick yellow hair. It is common
on the Continent on flowering thistles.

Genus Saperda, Fabr.

Wing-cases with the shoulders projecting, and either of
uniform breadth or narrower behind. Antennae as long as, or
longer than, the body. They are found on flowers and bushes.

* S. ccircharias, Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 9). This is covered
with a grey or brownish-yellow pubescence. The males are
distinctly attenuated behind. It lives on growing poplars
and willows.

* S. scalaris, Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 10). Black, with
yellow markings on the elytra, and a yellow suture. The

148

BEETLES.

larva lives in the shoots of cherry and walnut-trees, as well
as in those of alder and elm. It is rare.

* S. popuhiea, Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 11). This species has
yellowish-grey pubescence, with paler spots on the wing-cases.
The larva lives in excrescences on the stems of the aspen.

Genus Polyopsia, Muls. (Tetrops, Steph.)

Elytra twice as long as the breadth of both. Eyes completely
divided into two.

* P. prceusta, Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 12). Elytra, except
the extremity, yellowish-brown. Legs yellowish-brown, with
blackish tarsi. It is found on apple and plum blossom, and the
larva lives in dry twigs.

Genus Oberea, Muls.

Elongated, cylindrical beetles, without lateral projections
on the pronotum. Wing-cases very narrow, obliquely trun¬
cated or rounded at the extremity. The larvae live in the
pith of bushes, and the beetles are found on the leaves.

* 0. oculata, Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 13). This is an
orange-coloured beetle, with the antennae, wing-cases, and
two spots on the pronotum black. It is found on willow
and hazel It is rare in Britain.

0. pupillata, Gyll. (Plate XVII., Fig. 14). This species
resembles the preceding, but has the wing-cases yellow at
the base. The larva lives in the stalks of bed-straw. It
inhabits most parts of Central Europe.

Genus Phytcecla, Muls.

Wing-cases generally narrowed behind, somewhat broader
than the pronotum. Eyes strongly emarginate. Legs short.
There is a large number of species, which live on various plants.

BEETLES.

149

P. virescens, Fabr. (Plate XVII., Fig. 15). Upper surface
covered with green or greyish-blue pubescence, with three
paler lines on the pronotum. The larva lives in the root
of viper’s bugloss (Echium).

Genus Necydalis Linn. (Molorchus, Fabr.)

Wing-cases scarcely longer than broad, and only slightly
covering the projecting wings. Femora with a club-like
expansion at the extremity. They are found on flowers and
bushes.

if. salids , Muls. (Plate XVII., Fig. 16). Black, with
golden pubescence. Antennae, legs, and elytra reddish-ochreous.
It is found on flowers, and the larva in willow, lime, and
aspen. It is an inhabitant of Central Europe.

* N. minor , Linn. (Plate XVII., Fig. 17). Black and hairy,
with brown elytra, antennae, and legs. It is found on elder-
blossom. The larvae live under the bark of fir trees, and their
old burrows are sometimes seen on fences. It is very rare.

Genus Rhamnusium, Latr.

Body rather cylindrical. Elytra broader than the pronotum.
Antennae filiform, scarcely half as long as the body. Femora
of uniform thickness. The only European species is:

B. salids, Fabr. (Plate XVII., Fig. 18). This is reddish-
brown, with black elytra, with a blue or greenish shimmer.
It is found on willows and poplars, and the larva lives in
the wood of oak, beech, and elm. It is a native of Southern
Europe.

Genus Rhagium, Fabr.

Elytra narrowed behind, flatly convex above. Hind femora
nearly reaching the end of the elytra, and somewhat thickened.
They are found on felled trees.

150

BEETLES.

R mordax, Fabr. (Plate XVIII., Fig, 1). This beetle is
thickly covered with yellow pubescence, with broad dull
yellow transverse bands on the wing-cases. It is found on
oak and alder, and the larva under the bark. It is an in¬
habitant of various parts of the Continent.

* R inquisitor, Fabr. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 2). The transverse
bands on the elytra are sharply-defined and orange-coloured,
and interrupted at the suture. It is common on beech and
oak, the larva living under the bark.

* R. indagatm r, Fabr. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 3). Brownish-
yellow, covered with white pubescence. The wing-cases have
two indistinct transverse bands. It is found on firs and pines,
the larva living under the bark. It is rare in England.

* R. bifasciatum, Fabr. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 4). Elytra not
pubescent, black, with two oblique yellow marks. It is found
on the trunks of pine-trees, and the larva under the bark.

Genus Toxotus, Serv.

Elytra twice as broad as the pronotum at the base, with
projecting shoulders. Legs long and slender, with the femora
somewhat thickened. They are found on flowering shrubs.

T. cursor , Linn. (Plate XVIII., Fig 5). The female is
entirely black, but the male ( noctis , Linn.) has red elytra,
and reddish-ochreous antennae and tibiae. It is found in
fir-woods, and the larva in stumps. It is an inhabitant of
several of the countries of Central Europe.

* T. meridionalis, Linn. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 6). Elytra con¬
siderably narrowed towards the extremity in the male, slightly
narrowed in the female, which is either entirely reddish-
ochreous, or only on the shoulders. The pronotum has an
obtuse elevation on each side. It is common on flowers.

18 .

BEETLES.

151

Genus Pachyta, Serv.

Wing-cases broad, very convex in front, with projecting
shoulders much attenuated behind and rounded at the
extremities. They are found on Umbellifercz and on felled
timber.

P. quadrimaculata, Linn. (Plate XVIII., Pig. 7). Elytra
yellow, each with two black spots. It is found on flowers
in various parts of the Continent.

* P. octomaculata, Schall. ( cerambyciformis , Schrank), (Plate
XVIII., Fig. 8). Wing-cases covered with grey pubescence,
each with three or four black spots and a black extremity.
It is found on flowers and on felled timber. It is very local.

P. virginea, Linn. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 9). Wing-cases
green, blue or violet. Abdomen, and generally the pronotum
also, red. It is common in the mountains of Central Europe.

* P. collaris , Linn. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 10). Pronotum
and abdomen red. Elytra violet, blackish-green or dark blue.
It is most fond of Spircea, upon which it is usually found,
but is also common in hop gardens.

Genus Stkangalia, Serv.

Wing-cases much narrowed behind in the males, less so
in the females. Pronotum generally longer than broad.
Legs slender. They frequent flowers.

* S. quadrifasciata , Linn. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 11). Wing-
cases with three yellow interrupted bands, and tipped with
black. They are found chiefly on elder-blossom.

S. atra, Fabr. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 12). This species is
black, with fine grey pubescence, with a silky gloss beneath.
It is found on the flowers of Umbdliferaz, and inhabits Central
Europe.

152

BEETLES.

* S. armata , Herbst (Plate XVIII., Fig. 13). Elytra yellow,
with black bands. Hin d tibiae with two teeth in the male.
Abdomen black. In the female the tibiae are simple, and the
first three abdominal segments are yellow.

S. bifasciata , Schrank (Plate XVIII., Fig. 14). Elytra red,
with a black tip and suture, the former being broadest; black
in the female. It is found on flowers on the Continent.

* S. melanura , Linn. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 15). Black, with
reddish-brown elytra, tipped with black, and having a black
suture, the former widest in the female. It is common on
yarrow and ox-eye.

Genus Leptuea, Linn.

This genus resembles the last, but has the wing-cases more
rounded at the tips. They are found on flowers.

L. testacea, Linn. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 16). The tibiae and
elytra are yellowish-brown in the male, they are red in the
female, and so is the pronotum. It is found on Spiraea, and
the larva lives on fir-stumps. It is a Continental species.

* L. scutellata , Fabr. (Plate XVLII., Fig. 17). This is
entirely black, with fine grey pubescence. The seutellum
is covered with close white or yellowish hair. The larva
lives in beech-stumps. It is rare in Britain.

Genus Grammoptera, Serv.

Wing-cases slightly narrowed and somewhat rounded at the
end. Pronotum rounded in front, convex, with only small
points at the hinder angles. They live on flowers.

* G. lazvis, Fabr. (Plate XVIII., Fig. 18). Black, with
yellowish-brown elytra, tipped with blackish, and having a
blackish suture. Antennse pitchy-brown, with the first joint
rusty-red. It is found on flowers, and is widely distributed.

BEETLES.

153

Family XLV. BRUCHID^.

Body generally rounded, with the head ending in a kind
of proboscis. Wing-cases somewhat shortened, and consequently
not entirely covering the abdomen. They live in seeds, and
used to be classed with the weevils, but are now separated,
because they have no groove for the antennae, which are
straight.

Genus Bruchus, Linn.

Small beetles, with eleven joints to the antennae, which are
inserted into an emargination of the eyes, and are thickened
externally. They are found in the seeds of leguminous plants.

* B. pisi , Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 1). This species is black,
with whitish-grey hair, and having the first four joints of the
antennae, the tibiae, and tarsi orange. The larva is found in
pea-pods, and so are dead specimens of the beetle occasionally.
It is cosmopolitan.

* B. rufimanus, Schoenh. (Plate XIX., Fig. 2). This species
resembles the last, but has the front femora orange. The larva
is found in beans. It is generally distributed throughout the
British Isles.

Family XLYI. CHRYSOMELIDiE.

Short, compressed, and generally very convex beetles of
small size, with different kinds of antennae, which are rarely
more than half as long as the body. They all live on
low plants or bushes, and some of them are destructive
to crops.

Genus Orsodacna, Latr.

Wing-cases rather cylindrical. Pronotum narrow. Antennae
filiform, and situated in front of the eyes. The head, together
with the round prominent eyes, is as broad as the pronotum.
They live on flowers.

154

BEETLES.

* 0. cerasi, Fabr. (-Plate XIX., Fig. 3). This is a variable
insect, which may be pale reddish-yellow or black, with the
pronotnm yellow or entirely black. It is found on apple-
blossom and flowering birch, white-thorn, &c. It is rare.

Genus Donacia, Fabr.

Wing-cases much broader than the pronotum, rather flat,
with obtuse projecting shoulders. The hind femora are longer
and generally thicker than the others. They live on water-
plants.

* D. crassipes, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Figs. 4 and 9). Metallic-
green or bluish, with the base of the antennae and the legs
reddish. The hind femora of the male have two teeth. It
is not uncommon on water-lilies.

* JD. sagittarice, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 5). Light green,
with a golden shine, with fine pubescence. This species closely
resembles * D. lemnce, Fabr., which has, however, a longitudinal
purple stripe on the elytra. It lives on water-plants and on
reeds.

* D. discolor, Panz. (Plate XIX., Fig. 6). Pale green, blue or
blue-black; the front angle of the pronotum projecting as a
small pointed protuberance. It is found in damp meadows
and on aquatic plants.

* D. menyantliidis, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 7). Golden-
green, with silvery-white pubescence. The antennae and legs
are reddish. The hind femora reach as far as the end of the
elytra. The beetles live gregariously on the leaves of reeds
and iris.

D. tomentosa, Ahrens. (Plate XIX., Fig. 8). This is bronze
colour or greenish, with the base of each joint of the antennae
and the legs blackish. It is found in Germany on Typha,Poa>
and Sparganium.

BEETLES.

155

* D. (Hcemonia) eguiseti, Fabr. Yellow, with a black head,
antennae, and sternum. The wing-cases have a row of
punctures. It is found on water-plants, and spends the
larval state in the root. It is very rare.

Genus Zeugophora, Kunze.

Body cylindrical. Pronotum long and narrow. Head
broader than long, with prominent eyes. Legs short and
thick. They live on trees, and the larvae mine the leaves.

* Z. flavicollis, Marsh (Plate XIX., Fig. 10). Black, with an
orange pronotum, prosternum, and legs. It lives on poplars, and
the larvae mine the leaves, which become black. It is very rare.

Genus Lema, Fabr.

Wing-cases expanded in front and somewhat constricted.
Pronotum much narrower than the wing-cases. Claws close
together, and either coalescing or separated at the base. They
live on various plants, and are able to produce a kind of
chirping by rubbing the wing-cases.

* L. cyanella, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 11). Blue or bluish-
green, with black antennae and tarsi.

* L. melanopa, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 12). Blue, with the
pronotum, femora, and tibiae red. Both this and the preceding
species live on grass and corn. The larvae have a slimy coating,
and live on the blades of these plants. It is common, and
widely distributed.

* L. ( Crioceris) merdigera, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 13). Black,
with orange elytra and pronotum. It is found on lilies. The
larva, which has a slimy black covering, lives on the leaves. It
is very rare.

* L. ( Crioceris ) duodecimpunctata, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 14).
Elytra orange, with six black spots. It lives on asparagus, and
the larva in the seeds. This species is also very rare.

156

BEETLES.

* L. ( Crioceris ) asparagi, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 15). Wing-
cases yellowish, with six black spots and a black cross. Both
beetle and larva are found on asparagus.

Genus Clythka, Laich.

Cylindrical beetles, with the head retracted and generally
with a vertical front. Pronotum as broad as the elytra, usually
somewhat expanded. They are found in meadows and on low
plants, and the larvae live in hairy, leathery cases, with only
the head and legs free, and drag the cases after them.

O. longipes , Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 16). This is black, with
the elytra pale yellow, with three black spots. In the
male the front legs are very long. It is a South European
species.

0. longimana, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 17). Elytra pale
yellow, with a small spot on the shoulders. Antennae violet,
reddish at the base. The head is very large in the male, and
the front legs are very long. It is common in many parts of
Central Europe.

* C. quadripunctata, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 18). Shining
orange-colour, with two black spots on each of the elytra.
It is found on willow, lime, and aspen. The larva lives on
low plants in a case. (Fig. 19.)

C. Iwviuscula, Eatzb. (Plate XIX., Fig. 20). This species is
also orange, with a smooth shining pronotum. There are two
black spots on the elytra, the hinder of which is very large.
It is a native of Southern Europe.

C. cyanea , Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 21). Pronotum and legs
orange. Elytra shining blue, or bluish-green. It frequents
damp meadows and ditches, and is found in many parts of
the Continent.

BEETLES.

157

Genus Eumolpus, Kugel.

Pronotum very convex, broader than long, and expanded
in the middle. Wing-cases nearly quadrangular. They are
found on water-plants.

E. obscurus , Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 22). Black, slightly
shining, with fine grey pubescence. It is found in ditches
on willow-herb, and is common in most parts of the Continent.

Genus Cryptocephalus, Geoff.

Cylindrical, with the head retracted. Pronotum usually as
large as the wing-cases, which are rounded. There are pits
on the last segment of the abdomen in the females. These
beetles live on low plants and shrubs, and the larvse have a case.

* G. coryli, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 23). Black, with the.
wing-cases red and rather coarsely punctured. Two dots on
the front of the head, and the basal joints of the antennae
are yellow. The pronotum is black in the male, but red in
the female. It lives on hazel, alder, and willow, but is rare.

C. cordiger, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 24). Elytra cherry-red,
with two black spots on each, and a fine black border. The
pronotum is marked with yellow. It is found on willow,
hazel, and alder in many parts of the Continent.

C. odopundatus, Scop. (Plate XIX., Fig. 25). Elytra red,
each with two variable black spots, and a raised lateral border.
It is common in many places on the Continent.

C. violaceus, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 26). Blue or greenish,
finely pubescent beneath. It is common in Southern Europe
on birch and willow.

* 0. sericeus, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 27). Golden-green,
violet or reddish-purple, with two slight depressions on the
pronotum. It is common on flowers.

158

BEETLES.

C. lobatus, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 28). Black, with a blue
pronotum and elytra. The legs and the portion of the head
in front of the antennae are yellow. It is found on birch,
willow, and alder in various parts of the Continent.

C. variegatus, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 29). Elytra entirely
yellow, with scattered punctures and a small black mark
on each shoulder angle. It is found on birch-trees in South
Central Europe.

* C. morcei, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 30). Black, with yellow
lateral spots, and the extremity of the wing-cases yellow. It
is not uncommon, especially on St. John’s wort.

G. fiavipes, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 31). Black, with dark
blue elytra. The legs and the front and lateral borders are
yellow in the male. It is found on the Continent on hazel,
birch, and willow.

C. marginatus, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 32). The male is
blue-black and the female yellow, with a blue-black suture
and margins. It is a South European species, living on birch
and oak.

* C. bipundatus, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 33). Black, with a
large red spot at the end of each of the elytra. The variety
* bipustulatus, Fabr. (Fig. 34), is black, with two red spots at
the hind angles of the elytra. The beetle is found on bushes.

C. ( Pachybrachys) hieroglyphicus, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 35).
This is a black species, with the head, antennae, pronotum,
elytra, and legs yellow and black. It is found in Southern
and some parts of South Central Europe.

Genus Timarcha, Latr.

Body rounded, very convex. Wingless. Pronotum bordered,
with a raised ridge. They live in grass and under stones, and
exude a red liquid from their joints if touched.

BEETLES.

159

* T. tenebricosa, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 36). Black, with the
pronotum widest before the middle. The beetle, and its stout
dark green larva, are common on bushes in early spring.
Length, 11-18 mm.

* T. coriaria, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 37). Black, very
shining, with the pronotum widest in the middle. Antennae and
legs reddish-brown. It is common on heaths and commons.

T. metallica, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 38). Bronze-coloured.
It is found in the mountains of the Austrian Empire.

Genus Chrysomela, Linn. (Golden Apple Beetles).

Body oval or elongated, very convex, generally winged. The
second joint of the antennae is narrower than the first and
third. They live on low plants and bushes, often in such
numbers as to be very destructive.

* C. staphylea, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 39). This is an oval,'
shining, metallic, yellowish-brown beetle, with irregularly
striated wing-cases. It is common in the spring under stones.

* C. varians, Fabr. (Plate XIX., Fig. 40). Dark blue,
greenish-violet, dark green or bronzy, with a coppery or
golden shine. It is found on St. John’s wort, &c.

* C, goettingensis, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 41). This is
violet, with rusty-yellow antennae, palpi, and tarsi. It is
found in spring under stones, in sandy and chalky places.
Length, 7-9 mm.

* C. marginata, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 42). Bronzy-brown,
with the base of the antennae and a narrow border on the
elytra orange. It is found in sandy places, but is rare.
Length, 5-7 mm.

C. violacea, Panz. (Plate XIX., Fig. 43). Blue or bluish-
green, with scattered punctures on the wing-cases. It is found
in ditches, on species of Mentha, on the Continent.

160

BEETLES.

* G. graminis, Linn. (Plate XIX., Pig. 44). Golden-green,
with the base of the antennae orange. It is particularly fond
of common tansy.

* G. fastuosa, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 45). This is flatly
convex, golden-green, with the base of the antennae light
yellow. It is found on nettle and similar plants.

* C. cerealis, Linn. (Plate XIX., Fig. 46). Metallic-green or
red, with fiery red and purple stripes. It is found under stones
in the spring, and later on grass, thistles, &c. It is very local.

* C. lamina , Fabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 1). Shining olive-green,
with the base of the antennae reddish. The elytra are covered
with fine scattered punctures. It is found on poplars.

C. ( Oreina) tristis , Fabr. (Plate XX,, Fig. 2). Elongated,
blue or greenish, with frequently a greenish shimmer on the
elytra. It lives on coltsfoot, ragwort, &c. It is found in
the Alps and Pyrenees.

G. ( Oreina) speciosa, Panz. ( gloriosa , Fabr.), (Plate XX., Fig.
3). This is also green or blue, and very difficult to distinguish
from the last species. It is also a mountain insect, and is
found in the Alps and Pyrenees.

* G. (Zina) cenea. Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 4). Blue or green,
and occasionally black. The lateral border of the pronotum is
not raised. The base of the antennae and border of the
extremity of the abdomen is orange. It is common on
birch and alder.

G. (Lina) vigintipunctata, Scop. (Plate XX., Fig. 5).
Bronzy-green, with the lateral borders of the pronotum, the
base of the antennae, and the elytra straw-colour, the last
being marked with twenty black spots. It is found on
willows on the Continent.

G. (Lina) lapponica, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 6). Blue-black
or bluish-green. The wing-cases are orange, with three

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BEETLES.

161

irregular bluish-green transverse bands. It is found in
North-Eastern Europe, on willows.

* C. {Lina) populi, Linn. (Plate XX., Eig. 7). Blue-black,
with brick-red elytra, tipped with black. The sides of the
pronotum are slightly raised at the edges behind. It is
common on poplars.

* C. {Lina) tremulce , Eabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 8). This species
closely resembles the foregoing, but is smaller, and has the
edges of the pronotum more raised. It is found on poplars.

* C. {Gastrophysa) polygoni, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 9).
Bluish-green, with the base of the antennae, the pronotum,
femora, and tip of the abdomen, red. It is common on knot¬
grass {Polygonum).

* C. {Plagiodera) armor acice, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 10).
Blue, green, violet, or coppery, with the base of the antennae
reddish-brown. It is met with on willows.

* C. {Phratora) vulgatissima, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 11).
Metallic-bluish-green, greenish, or purple, with the base of
the antennae and border of the abdomen reddish. It is
common on willows.

* 0. {Helodes) phellandrii, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 12). This
is an elongated species, with the lateral margins of the pro¬
notum and elytra, and a straight longitudinal band on the
latter, yellow. It is common on Phellandrium, in the stalks
of which the larva lives.

Genus Adimonia, Laich.

Wing-cases broader than the pronotum, expanded and
bulging behind. The third joint of the antennas is longer
than the fourth. The females are much larger than the males,
and have a projecting abdomem. They live on various plants,.

162

BEETLES.

* A. tanaceti, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 13). Generally entirely
black, the elytra coarsely and deeply punctured. It is found
on wild tansy, and is most common on the south coast in
chalky districts.

A. rustica, Schall. (Plate XX., Fig. 14). Wing-cases lighter
brown. Scutellum longitudinally depressed. It is found
in various parts of the Continent on grass plots.

Genus Galekuca, Fabr.

* G. nyrnphceoe , Fabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 15). Brownish-
yellow, with a blackish border to the wing-cases. Scutellum
with a large pit on each side. It is found on water-plants.

* G. viburni, Payk. (Plate XX., Fig. 16). Brown, shagreened.
There is a black spot on the front of the head and a central
line, and the lateral borders of the pronotum are also blaekish.
It is found on flowering shrubs.

* G. linmla, Fabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 17). Yellowish-brown,
with the scutellum black. It is found on willow and alder.

Genus Agelastica, Bedt.

Head and eyes nearly as broad as the middle of the
pronotum. Wing-cases broader than the pronotum at the
base, expanded and bulging behind. They are found on
bushes.

* A. alni, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 18). Violet or blue, with
black antennae, scutellum, and tarsi. The under surface is
blue-black. Both the beetle and its black larva are found on
alder. It is very rare.

* A. hcdensis, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 19). Wing-cases green
or bluish-green. Pronotum orange. It is common, especially
on bed-straw.

BEETLES.

163

Genus Luperus, Geoffr.

Pronotum bordered on the sides. Head produced, and
together with the eyes nearly as broad as the pronotum.
Elytra broader than the pronotum. Femora not thickened.
They live on trees and bushes.

* L. flavipes, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 20). Black, with the
first joints of the antennae, the pronotum, and legs orange.
It is found on fruit-trees, and is especially fond of the
leaves of pear-trees. It is generally distributed through the
British Isles.

Genus Haltica, Illig. (Flea Beetles).

Pronotum much broader than long. Wing-cases usually
rather broader than the pronotum. Hind femora thickened.
This is a large genus of very small hopping beetles, which
live upon low plants and trees, and are often destructive to
field produce.

* H. (Crepidodera ) versicolor , Kutsch. ( aurata , Marsh), (Plate
XX., Fig. 21). Blue or green, with a golden glitter and a
crimson pronotum. The legs are orange, with the exception
of the femora. It is found on willows and poplars.

H. ( Crepidodera ) impressa, Fabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 22). This
is reddish-oehreous, with numerous punctures. It is a South
European species.

* H. (Podagrica) fuscicornis, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 23).
Wing-cases blue, with the head, pronotum, antennae, and legs
orange. It is common on mallow.

* H. ( Phyllotreta ) nemorum, Linn. This species is one of
-the commonest of the black and yellow flea-beetles. It is
often very destructive to turnips, cabbages, and other garden
produce.

164

BEETLES.

* H. {Longitarsus) mrbasci, Panz. (Plate XX., Fig. 24). Pale
brownish - yellow, with the suture and the hind femora
frequently pitchy-brown. It is local, but common where it
occurs, on mullein.

* H. (Sphceroderma) testacea. Panz. (Plate XX., Fig. 25).
This species is hemispherical and orange-coloured. It is
common on low plants.

Genus Hispa, Linn.

Head produced. Pronotum broader than long, and like the
wing-cases covered with long spines.

H. atra , Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 26). Dull black, with a long
spine at the end of the first joint of the antennae, and a short
one on the second joint. It is found on grass growing in
sandy places. It is common in many parts of the Continent.

Genus Cassida, Linn.

Head hidden under the pronotum. Elytra rounded at the
extremity, much broader than the abdomen, with a raised
lateral margin. They live on low plants. Most of these
species have a beautiful golden or silvery gloss, which dis¬
appears soon after death.

0. austriaca , Fabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 27). Rusty-brown, with
black -spots; during life with a golden shine. Both larva and
beetle are found on meadow-sage. It is a South European
species.

* G. murrcea, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 28). Rounded oval,
reddish-brown above, black beneath. The legs are also black.
The beetle and larva are both found on mint and Inula. It is
scarce.

* C. vibex y Linn. ( rubiginosa , Illig.), (Plate XX., Fig. 29).
Green, with a triangular reddish-brown mark at the base of the
elytra. It is found most frequently on thistles.

BEETLES.

165

* C. nebulosa, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 30). Rusty-brown,
indistinctly tinged with yellowish-green, and irregularly spotted
with black. It attacks beet-root and clover, but is rare.

* C. equestris, Fabr. (viridis, Linn.), (Plate XX., Fig. 31).
Green above, black beneath. The elytra are thickly punctured
and finely granulated. It lives on low plants, more par¬
ticularly on the Labiatce.

Family XLYII. EROTYLID^I.

Antennae with eleven, rarely with only ten joints, club-shaped.
Legs widely separated. Front coxae globular, and inserted
into articular depressions. Tarsi with four or five joints, the
fourth being frequently very small and enclosed within the
third.

Genus Triplax, Fabr.

Antennae with three terminal joints. Body elongated, or
elongated oval. They live in fungi.

* T. russica, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 32). Orange, with
black antennae, scutellum, and elytra. It is found on fungi
growing on apple-trees.

Sub-family Endomychidjs.

Antennae attached either between or in front of the eyes.
Tarsi four-jointed, with the third very small and hidden in an
excavation in the second. They are found under the bark of
eld trees.

Genus Endomychus, Panz.

Prosternum with a projection separating the middle coxae.
The only British species is:

* JB. coccineus, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 33). Deep red,
with two black spots on each wing-case, and one on the
middle of the pronotum. It is found under the decaying bark
ef trees.

Section IV. TRIMERA.

(Beetles with three visible joints to the tarsi.)

Family XLVIIL COCCINELLIDjE (Lady Birds).

Body hemispherical. Antennae with from nine to eleven
joints, gradually thickened or clubbed, and inserted in front
of the eyes. Tarsi apparently three-jointed, the third joint
being hidden in the second. The beetles and their active
larvae live on Aphides.

Genus Hippodamia, Muls.

Elongated, with the upper surface of the body bare. The
antennae are eleven-jointed, and attached at the front margin
of the eyes. The legs are rather slender, with the femora
somewhat overlapping the border of the body.

* E. tredecimpunctata , Linn., the Thirteen-spot Lady Bird
(Plate XX., Fig. 34). Wing-cases red, with thirteen very
variable spots. It is very local, and generally rare.

Genus Coccinella, Linn.

Body generally hemispherical. The last joint of the
antennae is scarcely narrower at the base than the extremity
of the last but one.

* C. bipunctata, Linn., the Two-spot Lady Bird. (Plate
XX., Figs. 35, 39). This species is red, with black spots,
but is very variable, and the black colour sometimes pre¬
dominates, as in Fig. 36. It is very common.

* C. decempundata, Linn., the Ten - spot Lady Bird

BEETLES.

167

(Plate XX., Pig. 37). Ped, with about ten black spots,
more or less. It is common, and generally distributed.

* C. impustulata, Linn. (Plate XX., Pig. 38). Yellow, with
about eight more or less connected black spots on the elytra,
and seven on the pronotum.

* G. septempunctata, Linn., the Seven-spot Lady Bird (Plate
XX., Pig. 40). Eed, with some white on the scutellum. Each
of the wing-cases has three spots, and there is another, co mm on
to both wing-cases, on the suture. This and the Two-spot are
the commonest species.

* C. {Halyzia) ocellata, Linn. (Plate XX., Pig. 41). Very
convex, orange, with numerous black spots generally ringed
with yellow.

* C. {Halyzia) decemguttata, Linn. (Plate XX., Fig. 42).
Orange-colour, with the sides of the pronotum and five large
spots on each of the wing-cases whitish.

* C. {Halyzia) sedecimpundata , Linn., the Sixteen-spot Lady
Bird (Plate XX., Pig. 43). Eeddish-yellow, with a broad
whitish border to the elytra, and eight whitish spots on each.

* G. ■(.Micraspis ) duodecimguttata, Linn., the Twelve-spot Lady
Bird. (Plate XX., Pig. 44). Yellow, with black spots on the
pronotum. Wing-cases with nine black spots and a black
suture.

Genus Chilocorus, Leach.

Body not pubescent. Elytra much broader than the pro¬
notum at the base.

* G. renipustulatus, Scriba. (Plate XX., Pig. 45). Black,
with a transverse oval red spot on each wing-case, and a red
abdomen.

* G. {Exochomus) quadripustulatus, Linn. (Plate XX., Pig. 46).
Black, with four red spots. The colour of the pronotum and
of the legs varies. It is locally common.

168

BEETLES.

Genus Epilachna, Chevr.

Body convex, pubescent above. Antennae eleven-jointed,
with the basal joint not covered by the clypeus. They are
found on various plants.

E. undecimmaculata, Fabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 47). Very
convex, orange, with eleven black spots. It is found in
France and Germany, on bryony.

* E. globosa, Schneid. (Plate XX., Fig. 48). Busty-red, with
very variable black spots. It is common on the coast, and
frequents lucerne.

Genus Scymnus, Kugel.

Elytra at the base only slightly, if at all, broader than
the pronotum. Pronotum narrowed in front.

* S. frontalis, Fabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 49). Black, with grey
pubescence. Elytra with one or two red spots. It is common
at the roots of grass, &c.

Genus Bhizobius, Steph.

Body elongated oval, pubescent. The last tarsal joint is
nearly pointed. The elytra are irregularly punctured. The
only British species is:

* R. litura, Fabr. (Plate XX., Fig. 50). This beetle is
reddish-ochreous, finely pubescent. The elytra have brown
lines, zigzag beneath. It is very common throughout England,
in moss and at the roots of grass.

Genus Coccidula, Kugelm.

Body elongated oval. The last joint of the antennae is
obliquely truncated. Elytra with rows of striae. They live
on marsh-plants.

* G. rufa, Herbst (Plate XX., Fig. 51). Orange, with the

BEETLES.

169

head, pronotum, and legs generally somewhat lighter. The
sternum and the first two abdominal segments are black. It
is very common in marshy places.

Family XLIX. PSELAPHID-ffi.

Elytra short. Antennae eleven-jointed, clubbed. Tarsi
three-jointed. They are very small beetles, which are found
among moss, under stones, and in ants’ nests, and are easily
recognised by the characters of the antennas.

Genus Pselaphus, Herbst.

* P. h&isei, Herbst. Length, 1 mm. It is rusty-red, with
the pronotum much longer than broad, and is found under
stones, in moss, &c., and is generally distributed.

Genus Clavigek, Preyssl.

* C '. testaceus, Panz. Length, l|-2 mm. It is reddish-ochreous,
with the antennae as long as the head, and is both wingless
and eyeless. It is found in chalky places on the south coast,
in the nests of small yellow ants.

M 2

INDEX OF GENERA, FAMILIES, ETC.

PAGE

Abax

Acanthoderas

145

Acilius

Adelocera

Adimonia

161

Agabus

Agapanthia

147

Agelastica

162

Agrilus

Agriotes

100

Aleocbara

Alophus

127

Amara

Ampedus

Ancbomenus

Ancbylocheira

Anisartbron

144

Anisodactylus

Anisoplia

Anisotoma

Anobinm

113

Anomala

Antbaxia

Anthobium

Antbocomus

107

Anthonomus

132

Antbopbagus

Antbous

Antlirenus

Antbribidse

138

Antliribus

139

PAGE

Apate

113

Apbodius

Apion

135

Apoderus

136

Aromia

141

Asemum

143

Astynomus

146

Atopa

102

Attagenus

Attelabus

136

Balaninus

132

Baridius

134

Baris

134

Barynotus

123

Bembidium

Berosus

Blaps

114

Bledius

Bletbisa

Bolitobius

Bolitopbagus

115

Bostrycbidae

137

Bostrycbus

113,

137

Bracbinus

Bracbyderes

124

Brontes

Bruchidse

153

Brucbus

153

Bnprestidse

Buprestis

172

Byrrhid®

Byrrhus

Byturus

Calandra

Callidium

Callistus

Calosoma

Campylus

Cantharid®

Cantharis

Carabid®

Carabus

Cardiophorus

Cassida

Catops

Cerambycid®

Cerambyx

Cercyon

Cetonia

Cetonini

Ceuthorhynchus

Chalcopbora

Chilocorus

Chl®nius

Chlorophanus

Chrysobothris

Chrysomela

Chrysomelid®

Cicindela

Cicindelid®

Cionus

Cistela

Claviger

Cleonus

Clerid®

Clerus

Clivina

Clythra

Clytus

Coccidula

Coccinella

Coccinellid®

BEETLES.

PAGE

Colydiid®

Colydium

Copris

Coprophini

134

Cor®bus

141

Corymbites

Corynetes

Cossonus

101

Creophilus

120

Crepidodera

104

120

Criocephalus

Crioceris

Cryptocephalus

Cryptophagid®

164

Cryptophagus

Cryptorhynchus

139

Cucujid®

140

Cureulionid®

Cychramus

Cychrus

Cyclonotum

134

Cymatopterus

Cymindis

167

Cyphon

Dascillid®

125

Dascillus

159

Dasytes

Dendroctonus

153

Dermestes

Dermestid®

133

Diaperis

Dicerca

116

Ditoma

169

Donacia

127

Dorcadion

108

Dorcus

109

156

Dryoc®tes

Dynastini

Dytiscid®

143

168

Dytiscus

166

Elaphrus

166

Elater

PAGE

60
71
71

110

135

163

143

155

157

133

122

58
15
37
30
21

103

102

107

137
64
63

115

59
154
145

138
84
28
32

INDEX

OF GENERA, FAMILIES,

ETC.

173

PAGE

Elateridae

. 94

Homaloplia

. 79

Elmis

. 67

Homalota

. 39

Emus

. 42

Hoplia

Endomychidae

. 165

Hydaticus

. 33

Endomycbus

. 165

Hydraena

. 37

Epilachna

. 168

Hydrobius

. 35

Epuraea

. 57

Hydropbilidae

. 34

Ergates

. 139

Hydropbilus

. 35

Erirbinus

. 131

Hydroporus

. 29

Eros

. 103

Hydrous

. 35

Erotylidae

. 165

Hylastes

. 137

Eucnemidae

. 93

Hylecoetus

. 110

Eumolpus

. 157

Hylobius

. 130

Exocbomus

. 167

Hylotrupes

. 142

Hylurgus

. 137

Galeruca

. 162

Hypera

. 127

Gastropbysa

. .161

Hypbydrus

. 29

Geotrupes

. 76

Gibbium

. 112

Ilybius

. 31

Gnorimus

. 87

Ips

. 58

Grammoptera

. 152

Grypidius

. 131

Laecobius

36, 73

Gymuetron

. 133

Laccophilus

. 30

Gyrinidae

. 34

Lacon

. 95

Gyrinus

. 34

Lagria

. 118

Lagriidae

. 118

Haemonia

. 155

Lamellicornes

Haliplus

. 29

Lamia

. 145

Haltica

. 163

Lampra

. 90

Halyzia

. 167

Lampyris

. 104

Harpalus

.27

Larinus

. 129

Hedobia

. Ill

Latbridiidae

. 61

Helodes

103, 161

Latbridius

. 62

Helopborus

. 36

Latbrobium

. 45

Helops

. 115

Lebia

. 20

Heteroceridae

. 68

Leiopus

. 146

Heterocerus

. 68

Leistotropbus

. 42

Heteromera

. 114

Leistus

. 19

Hippodamia

. 166

Lema

. 155

Hispa

. 164

Leptura

. 152

Hister

. 55

Lepyrus

. 130

Histeridae

. 55

Limonius

. 97

Homalisus

. 103

Lina

. 160

174

BEETLES.

PAGE

Liopbloeus

123

Lixus

129

Lomecbusa

Longicomia

139

Longitarsus

164

Loricera

Lucanidas

Lucanus

Ludius

100

Luperus

163

Lymexylon

111

Lymexylonidae

110

Lytta

120

Magdalinus

135

Malachius

106

Malacodermidae

103

Malthinus

105

Maltbodes

106

Melandrya

118

Melandryidae

117

Melanotus

Meligetbes

Meloe

120

Melolontha

Melolontbini

Mesosa

147

Metallites

125

Metoacus

120

Micraspis

167

Minyops

126

Molops

Molorchus

149

Monobammus

145

Mordella

119

Mordellidse

119

Mycetopbagidae

Mycetopbagus

Myrmedonia

Nacerdes

121

Nebria

Necrodes

PAGE

Necrophil us . 51

Necroplxorus . .51

Niptus . . 112

Nitidulidse 57

Notiophilus . 15

Oberea . . 148

Ochthebius . 37

Ocypus . 43

Odontaeus 76

(Edemeridse . 120

Omalium 40

Omaseus . 22

Omopbron . 14

Oniticellus . .73

Onthophagus . 72

Opatrum . . 114

Opilns . . . 108

Orchesia . . . 117

Orchestes . . . 132

Orectoehilus . 34

Oreina . 160

Orsodacna . 153

Oryctes . 84

Osmoderma . 87

Otiorhynchus . . .122

Oxyporus . 47

Oxytelus . 48

Oxythyrea . 85

Pachybrachys . . . 158

Pachyta . . . 151

Psederus . 46

Panagseus . 21

Parnidse . 67

Pamus . 67

Peltis . . 50

Pentamera . 13

Pbalacrus . 56

Phalacridae . 56

Philbydrus . 36

Pbilontlius . 44

Phratora . . 161

INDEX

Phyllobius

Phyllopertha

Phyllotreta

Phytcecia

Phytonomus

Pissodes

Plagiodera

Platycerus

Platynus

Platyrhimis

Plinthus

Podagrica

Pcecilus

Pogonocheras

Polydrusus

Polyopsia

Polyphylla

Prionus

Procrustes

Pselaphidse

Pselaplius

Pterosticlms

Ptinidae

Ptinus

Purpuricenus

Pyrochroa

Pyrochroidae

Pythidae

Pytho

Quedius

Rhagium

Rhagonycha

Rhaumusium

Rhantus

Rhipidophoridae

Rhizobius

Rbizotrogus

Rbyncbites

Rosalia

Rutelini

Saperda

GENERA, FAMILIES, ETC.

175*

PAGE

PAGE.

122

Seaphidiidse

Scaphidium

163

Scarabaeidae

70'

148

Seiaphilus

124

127

Scolytidae

137

131

Scolytus

137

161

Scymnus

16a

Serica

Sericosomus

101

138

Serropalpus

117

126

Silpha

52-

163

Silphidae

Silvanus

60-

146

Sinodendron

70-

124,

125

Sisyphus

148

Sitones

124

Sphaeridium

140

Sphaeroderma

164

Sphodrus

169

Spondylis

139-

169

Staphylinidae

Staphyliuus

111

Stenopterus

144

112

Stenus

46-

140

Steropus

119

Straugalia

151

118

Strophosomus

123

117

Tachiuus

Tachyporus

Tachypus

149

Tanymecus

125

105

Telephorus

104

149

Tenebrio

115

Tenebrionidae

114

119

Tetramera

122;

168

Tetropium

142

Tetrops

148

136

Tharops

141

Tillus

108

Timarcha

158

Tomicus

137

147

Toxotus

150

176

BEETLES.

PAGE

Trachys . 93

Trichius . 88

Trichodes . . .109

Trimera . . .166

Triplax . . . 165

Trixagus . 94

Trogosita . 58

Trogositid® . 58

Trogus . . .32

Tropideres . 138

Tropinota . 85

PAGE

Trox

. 78

Typhsea

. 62

Yalgus

. 88

Xantholinus

. 45

Xestobium

. 113

Xyloterus

. 138

Zabrus

. 24

Zeugophora

. 155

LIST OF AUTHORS

WITH ABBREVIATIONS.

Ahrens.

Andersch.

Bergstraesser (Bergst.).
Bjerkander (Bjerkand.).
Bonelli (Bon.).

Brahm.

Cederhielm (Cederh.).
Chevrolat (Chevr.).
Clairville (Clairv.).
Creutzer (Creutz.).
Curtis.

Dalman (Dalm.).
Dawson (Daws.).

De Geer.

Dejean (Dej.).
Duftsehmidt (Duft.).
Dumeril (Dum.).

Erichson (Erichs.).
Eschscholtz (Eschsch.).

Fabricius (Fabr.).
Faldermann (Falderm.).
Fallen (Fall.).

Fischer (Fisch.).

Forster (Forst.).
Fourcroy (Fourc.).

Froehlich (Froehl.).
Fuessly (FuessL).

Geoffroy (Geoffr.).
Germar (Germ.).
Gerstaecker (Gerst.).
Gravenhorst (Grav.).
Gyllenhal (GylL).

Harris.

Heer.

Hellenius (Hellen.).
Hellwig (Hellw.).

Herbst.

Herschell (Hersch.).
Hoffmann (Hoff.).

Illiger (Illig.).

Kiesenwetter (Kiesenw.).
Kirby.

Klug.

Kugelann (Kugel.).
Kunze.

Kutschera (Kutsch.).

Laichartig (Laich.).
Laporte.

Latreille (Latr.).

Leach.

178

Lepelletier (Lep.).
Linnaeus (Linn.).

Ljungh.

Mac Leay.

Mannerheim (Mannerh.).
Marsham (Marsh.).
Megerle (Meg.).

Muller (Miill.).

Mulsant (Muls.).

Newman.

•Olivier (Oliv.).

Panzer (Panz.).

Paykull (Payk.).

Perty.

Preyssler (Preyssl.).
Ratzeburg (Ratzeb.).

BEETLES.

Redtenbacher (Redt.).

Rossi (Ross.).

Samouelle.

Schaeffer.

Schaller (SchaU.).

Schmidt.

Schneider (Schneid.).

Schoenherr (Schoenh. or Schonh.).
Schrank.

Scopoli (Scop.).

Scriba (Scrib.).

Serville (Serv.).

Solier (Sol.).

Spinola (Spin.).

Stephens (Steph.).

Sturm.

Sulzer (Sulz.).

Weber.

Ziegler (Ziegl.).

PLYMOUTH

WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON
PRINTERS

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