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> 






I'K 



BRADSHAW'S 

ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK 



TO 



GERMANY 



AND 



AUSTRIA, 



FORMING A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THOSE COUNTRIES, 
INCLUDING ALL THE SPAS AND PLACES OF RESORT ; 

WITH A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE BLACK FOEEST. 



^bapieb to % |iailtoits ^g^iem. 



WITH MAP OF GEEMANY, PLANS OP TOWNS. &c. 



NEW EDITION. 



LONDON : 
W. J. ADAMS ft SONS (BRADSHAWS GUIDE OFFICE). 59, FLEET STREET, E.O.; 
HANCaBSTBR:— HENRY BLACKLOCK ft CO.. ALBERT SQUARE; 
UrBBFOOL:— ▼. H. SMITH ft SON, 61, Dai.k Strkbt; BIBMINQHAM:— W. H. SMITH ft SON. 33, Usioir Stkeet; 
* BBtOHTON:— H. ft C. TREACHER, 1. North Strkkt; SOUTHAMPTON: -COX ft SHARLAND. Hiun Stkekt; 
»>JMBUROH:-JOHN MENZIBS ft CO.. 12. Uaxovsr STRitET: GLASGOW :— JOHN MENZIBS ft CO.. 
90, Wrst Nile Street; JAMBS REID. 144, AR4;yi^ Street (for Advts. iii Scotland); 
DUBLIN:— CARSON BROTHERS. 7. Graftok Street (6 Dtwrns from Nassau Street): 
PAftl-*:— The OALIGNANI LIBRARY, 334, BckdB Rivoli; BRENTANO, 17. Avkwue de l'Opera ; 
- ^g KP a aCm ;— HANQUET & VANDERSTBEN iBradshaw's Guide Office), 6. Passage des Pusteb, 

Boulevard Akspach ; 

BOMB:— ALINARI ft COOK, 90. Via del' Cocso; GENEVA:— H. STAPBLMOHR 24, Corratkrie; 

ZURICH:— H. F. LEUTHOLD, Bce des Postes a Cote db l'Motbl Baur; 

GERMANY :-J. F. KOEHLER. Lejpzio; 

PORT aAID:-J. HORN; ALEXANDRIA AND CAIRO:— 3L PENASSON; 

UNITED STATES:— CHARLES 8CRIBNER ft SONS, 743 axu 745, Broadway, New X«».^-v 

BRENTANO, S, Uxiov SooARB, New Yo^^\ 



W. N. HARRISON ft SON, 28, Seoohd Simxer, toLCWM»oit\i>3VLi>w«»,^»A.-w».o^\ ^^^ 
I and at »U Railway auUoiu tiito^YiW»^.Q<T«^^.^^^*2»»,\T%^»a^<v. %»a>^» 



8oM by all Bookeellen and at aU Railway auUoiu tanTO^YtwoX. Qiw«fc^xv\*axi, vw«».>»,s — ^JB 



PREFACE. 



-:o:- 



This Hand-Book covers the Gennan Empire, North and South of the 
Main, within the bounds detennined by the war of 1866, and also some of 

the border lands of the Austria-Hungarian Empire, as far East as Vienna. 

1 ■s • > 

It gives full descriptions of all the Watering Places, Spas, and Places of 
Jlesort, with particulars of the Gralleries, Works of Art, Sights, Excursions 
in the country, points of view, natural curiosities, and other ply ects of 
notice ; and is adapted, like preceding Hand-Books of this seiiei^ to the 
Bailway System in its latest stage 'of development. 

For the province of Elsass and Lothringen (Alsace and Lorraine), annexed 
in 1870, see Bradshaw'a Hand-Book to Belgium and the Rhine, 

Those who use this revised and improved editipn of the irork will 
confer a favour if they will have the goodness to forward corrections or 
suggestions to 59, Fleet Street, London; or Albert Square, Manchester. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



MAPOFGEBMANT - ^ ~ InPod^S 

PLANS.— BERLIN * 

DRESDEN 10 

FBANKPOBT-ON-THE-MAIN 7< 

HAMBUBG a 

MUNICH II- 

VIENNA ^ 3SI 

TIEWS.— BADEN BADEN AND WIESBADEN Frontispiece 

BERLIN ] 

DRESDEN , lOi 



CONTENTS. 



SECTION L-KOBTH QBBMANY. 

PRUSSIA-HANOVER— OLDENBURG— MECKLENBURG— BRUNSWICK— HOLSTEIN— 

POMERANIA—POSEN— SILESIA. 



Berlin and Enyirons 



rAos 
1—13 



SOUTB 1. Berlin to Potsdam and Magde- 

DuA^ ••• ••• ••• ••• x% 

Routs I'-^Continued. Magrdebnrg to Bruns- 
wick and Hanoyer 21 

Routs 1 — Continued. Hanover to Minden, 

Cologne, and Aachen ... ... 85 

Routs 2. Berlin to Wittenberge, Biichen, 

Liibeck, Hamboi^, Kiel, Ac. ... 31 

Routs 2a. Berlin to Spandau, Stendal, Gar- 

delegen, Salzwedel, and Bremen 35 

Routs 8. Hamburg, Altona, Itzehoe, Kiel, 
Rendsburg, Schleswig, TSiming, 
Flensbnrg, Rothenkrug, Haders 

^ 16udl ••• ••• ••• •• 



Routs 4. Hanover to Lehrte, Celle, Liine- 
burg, Lauenberg, Harburg, and 
Hamburg ... ... ... ... 

Routs 5. Hanover to Bremen, Geestemiinde, 
and Bremerhaven 

Routs 6. Bremen to Oldenburg, Emden, 
Nordemey 



35 

37 
38 
40 



rMMU 



Routs 7. Hanover to Minden, OsnabrUck. 

Emden 41 



Routs 8. Berlin to LUbeck 



49 



Routs 9. Berlin to Hagenow, Sdiwerin, 
Wismar, Kleinen, Biltzow, Ros- 

Routs 10. Berlin to Oranienburg, Neu 
Strelitz and Neu Brandenburg 
and Stralsund 



Routs 11. Berlin to Angermiinde, RUgen, 
Putbus, and Stralsund 

Routs 12. Berlin to Stettin (for Swinemiinde 
and Putbus), Stargard, Kolberg, 
CSslin, Dantzic 

Routs 13. Berlin to CUstrin, Schneidemflhl 
(for Brombei^, Otloczyn, and 
Warsaw), Dirschau (for Dan- 
tzic), Marienburg, Elbing, 
K($nigsberg, andEydtkuhnen... 

Routs 14. Berlin to Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 
Glogau, G6rlitz, Breslau 

Routs 15. Berlin to Posen 



45 

46 

49 



6t 

57 
61 



SECTION II.-OENTBAL QEBMANY. 

RHENISH PRUSSIA— HESSE DARMSTADT— LIPPE—WALDECK— SCHWARZBURG— 

REUSS— ANHALT— SAXE WEIMAR— SAXE COBURG— SAXE MEININGEN— 

SAXONY— SILESIA. 

FAOB PAaa 



Routs 16. Berlin to Frankfort-on-the-Main, 
vid Wittenberg, Leipsic, Halle, 
Weimar, Gk>tha, Cassel, Giessen 63 
Routs 17. Eisenach to Frankfort-on-the- 

Main, vi6 Fulda and Hanau ... 74 

Moon 18. Olesaen to Coblentz 7& 

tfovTB 19. Gleasen to Dentz 7e 



Routs 20. Hanover to Pyrmont, Detmold, 

Paderbom, Soest, Cologne ... It 
Routs 21. Ca«»V\»'^*x\s«!t%VKspt WsOciwcw — "v^ 
Hour* «. UMiWw \o ^^^«^'^vs»^ ^^>»c.^- 



yL 



CONTENTS. 



FAOS. 



Ml 

... ii: 



KouTK 24. Brunswick to Wulfenbiittel, Ki-ei Koutr 32. Dresden to Leipsic ... 

ensen,Hulzminden,Pa(lerbom.. 81 ' Route 33. Dresden to Freiberg, Clieiunitz, 

Koutr 25. Magdeburg, and Brunswick, to j Zwickau, Hof 11( 

the Harz Mountains 82 i Route 34. Loipsic to Chemnitz, Werdan, 

Routs 36. Halle to Eisleben, Nurdhausen, , Zwickau, Hof Hi 

Erfurt, the Harz, and Cassel ... 91 ' Route 35. Dresden to Lobau, GSrlitz, Lieg- 

Route 27. Berlin to Wittenberg, Dessau, ' nitz, Breslaa .^ H 

Clithen, Bemburg, Magde- Route 36. Lobau to Hermhut, Friedland, 



burg ... ... ... ... 98 

Route 28. Eisenach to Goburg, Sonneberg, 

Lichtcnfels 94 

Route 29. Leinefelde to Miihlhausen, Lang- 

ensalza and Hildburghausen... 97 
Route 30. Weimar to Jena, Rudolstadt, and 

Coburg, through Thuringia ... 99 

SouTB 31. Berlin to Dresden 101 

Route 31—Cfdntinued. Dresden 101 

Route 31a. Dresden to Saxon Switzerland ... 110 



Beichenberg, Gitschin, Joseph- 
stadt, K5niggrStz, Pardabitz, 
and Vienna '.. 12 

Route 87. OSrlitz, Kohlfurt, Liegnitz, or 
Breslau toHirschberg, Franken- 
stein, Ac., in the Riesengebirge 
Moontains .m U 

Route 38. Breslau * towards Cracow and 

Vienna , ,,, jj 



SECTION IIL-SOUTH GERMANY. 

BAVARIA— wiJRTTEMBERO— BADEN— BLACK FOREST— UPPER AND LOWER AUSTBODl 

BOHEMIA— MORAVIA. 



PAGE 

Route 39. Munich 183 

Route 89a. Munich to Stamberg and the 
Wflrmsee, Tntzlng, Pensberg, 
Weilheim, ^., through the 
Bavarian Highlands 148 

Route 99b. Munich to ELreuth 150 

KouTB 40. ManichtoRegensburg(Ratisbon); 

the Walhalla and Nuremberg... 150 

RouTB 41, Munich to Augsburg, Nuremberg, 

Bamberg, Hof, Berlin 154 

BouTB 42. Munich to Frankfort on the Main 166 

Route 43. Nuremberg to Wiirzburg and As- 

chaffenburg 170 

Route 44. Wiirzburg to Bambei'g'and Kis- 

singen ... ... ... ... 170 

Route 45. Wfirzburg to Fulda 172 

Route 46. Nuremberg, Bamberg, or Bay- 
reuth to Franconian Switzer- 
land 172 

Route 47. Regensburg (Ratisbon) to Bay- 

reuth, Hof, and Eger 174 

Route 48. Augsburg to Ulm 176 

Route 49. Augsburg to Lindau and Lake of 
Constance, through the Bavarian 
Highlands... ... ... ... 177 

JloirTs 30. Munich to Landabat and Passan . . 178 

-Rorrm sj. Manlab to lanabruck^ Salzburg, 

Jscbl, LiDz, Vienna 179 



Route 52. Stuttgart ^ 18 

Route 52a. Stuttgart to Ludwigsburg, Heil- 
bronn, Heidelberg, and Wiirz- 

OUrg ... (a. ... saa AO 

Route 53. Stuttgart to Hall, CraUslieini, ., 
Wtlrzburg 18 

Route 54. Stuttgart to Uhn, Frledrichshafen, 

and Lake of Constance 18 

Route 54a. Stuttgart to Aalen for Ulm, and 

Nordlingen 19 

Route 55. Stuttgart to Plochlngen, Ttibin- 
gen, Schaffhausen, through the 
SwabianAlps 19 

RoxrtE 56. Stnttgart to Wildbad and Freu- 

denstadt, in the Black Forest ... 19 

Route 57. Black Forest (Schwarzwald) 199-22 

Route 58. Prague 32 

Route 58a. Pi'ague to Dresden 22 

Route 59. Prague to Aussig and Teplitz ... 22 

Route 60. Prague to Carlsbad, Franzcnsbad, 

Marienbad, Eger SS 

Routs 61. Prague to Pilsen, Nuremberg ... 23 

Routs 62. Prague to Budweis, Vienna, and 

Linz ... ... ... ... 28 

Routs 63. Prague to Vienna vtd Iglau and 

ZinSkVcn •«* %•• >>» >>« 2ia 

Route 64. Prag\veto"Bt^aaMx««i^N\eOTV8i ««'5£ 
WetvTva ftii^"^ii-v\xwv% ' 



INDEX. 



[For places on Gennah territory not found in this Index, see **£ya<2«Aaw'< Hand-Book to the Mine.'*} 



A PAaJi 

Aachen or Aix-la Chapelle ... SO 

Aalen 192 

Achensee IM 

Achem » 202 

AchtermannshShe 83 

jAdamsthal 287 

Adendorf 37 

Adersbach 128 

Adorf 119 

Aibling 179 

Aix-la-ChapeUe 30 

Albbrflck 216 

Albrechtsbnrg .,.^.109 

Alb, Valley of. .........^..201, 216 

Alexandersbad 176 

Alexisbad 90 

AUenstein .« 54 

Allerheiligen 202 

Alpirsbach ........................204 

Alt Damm » 60 

Altefahr 48 

iltenan 88 

Altenbeken .26, 82 

Altenberg 76 

Altenburg ....117, 118 

AUendori-on-the-Rhnr 28 

Altenhundem 29 

Altenkirchen (Rtlgen) 49 

Altenklrchen 76 

AUenateig 195 

Altenstein...... 95 

Altona 85 

AUSttfauf « .181 

AUStreutz 46 

Altwasaer 129 

Amberg 174 

Ammerthal 149 

Amorbach 169 

Ampflng 180 

Amaelgnmd Ill 

Amselioch Ill 

Amstetten.....'. 182 

Andreaabeiv..... 89 

AngMmttnoe »... 47 

Annaborg ........ ..M»M IOI4 118 

Anslxach or Anspach 166, 187 

Antcuraat 196 

' iweler 208 

MfU§OMf •«•#••#**••*#•••••##••••••• SI 

'~ * ■' 92, as 




PAOS 

Amsteui 172 

Amstein Abbey 76 

Arolsen 78, 79 

Artern 92 

Aschaffenbnrg 169 

Ascheberg 43 

Aschersleben 65 

Aspang 254 

Attendom 29 

Aue 118 

Anerstadt 99 

AnosBUBQ 155 

Augustas Bad 110, 121 

Aulendorf 191 

Aurich 41 

AuBsig »229 

Austerlitz 287 



B 



Babelsberg 16 

Backnang 187 

Baden (near Vienna) ....» 258 

Baden Baden 199 

Badeh-weiler 216 

Bad-Oeynhausen 26 

Balduinstein 76 

Ballenberg ...188 

Ballenstedi 84> 91 

Balingen 194 

Baltic and I^orth Sea Canal... 86 

Bamberg 168 

Barchfeld 95 

Bardowieck 37 

Barlebcn 20 

Barmen 89 

Baste! Ill 

Bautzen 112, 121 

Bavaria „ 188 

Bavarian Forest 179, 284 

Bavarian Highlands 150, 177 

Bayersdoff 179 

Bavreuth 175 

Bebra 74 

Beerberg 98 

Beimerstetten ,......, .\^ 



PAOU. 

Berchtesgaden M...18(lt 

Bergen 49 

Berggiesshflbel 110 

Bergheim 77. 

Bergrheinfeld .^170 

Bergstadt ^»3kt^. 

BeringerBad ..^..^..^..-m.... 90 

Berka «r 

Berkowitz ^228 

Bbblik \ 

Bemburg 9i 

Bemeck » 171^ 

Besigheim 184 

Bettenhausen 7^ 

Betzdorf 7ft 

Beuel 7fl 

Beuthen 13S 

Biberach 191, SQI| 

Biedermannsdorf J954 

Bielefeld 27, 4^ 

Bienenmfihle ^.....117 

Biessenhofen 177 

Bietigheim. 

Bilin 

Bismark.... 
Bitterfold . 
Black Forest, Excursions in, \i 

&c ^.^196^291 

Mountains, Passes, Plants^ r 

&c ....JiU 

Blankenau •«.. 

Blankenbw^g 85, I 

Blankenese 

Blankenhain _, 

Blansk^o -•••% 

Blasewitz. Iw 

Blaubeuem WO 

Blauen 217 

Blenheim »....ltt 

Bleybach , ...2g 

Blocksberg .86 

Blottnitz Ig 

Blumenberg «[ 

Bobingen Ig 

Bochum r" 

Bockenheii9 —- 

Booklet .,«,««*«,...«%««« 




»»»««•««•»' 



»%•»♦•««•• 



JDeigarQ •••••••••••%...••%••••%••»•••• v\. 

Benedlct'beaeni ...1^, "^^X ^!^SJr'*ni>C^T«A .«"• 

Benedicienwand....,,,.,,. ••^X^^^SS^eii^W^'^^ 

Berann ^ -^^^ 




Till. 



IHDEX. 



PAGE 
ISOllGrDAQ •••«•• ■••(•••••••■••Ma««««l 89 

Boltcuhagen ^ 45 

Bordesholm ...•.....•••m... 25 

Rorken ^^ 73 

Borkum 41 

Borna ^. 117,118 

Burasam 81 

Brake 40 

Brand Ill 

Brandeis 237 

Brandenburg 18 

Brnnowltz 236 

Braanau (Aantriit) 181 

Bniunna (Bohemia) 127 

BraunfeU 75 

Braunlage 88 

Branusberg 55 

Breisach 210 

Breitenfcld 114, 116 

Brhmek....^ 88 

Breinerhafen or Geesteinfinde 40 

Brennet 214 

Brkslau 59, 181 

Brctten 185 

Bretten Bad 195 

Brieg 131 

Bricsen ....m.... 54 

Brilon 81 

Brockeu, The 83, 86 

Brom1)erg 54, 62 

Bruchberg 83 

Brack 177 

Briickenan 172 

BrUgKO 29 

Briihl 258 

Brunau 122 

BrUnn 287 

Brunnenstein Caro 173 

Brunswick 21, 80 

Brttsau 287 

BrUx 238 

Bnbenz .- 228 

Bnchau 190, 231 

Bttchen 81 

Buchloe 148,176 

Bachholz 81 

Bnchwald 199 

Bttckeburg 25 

Badweis 285 

Btthl 200 

Btthlerthal 200 

Bttndo 41 

Bunelan 59, 122 

Burg 19 

Burgbemheim 167 

Burgel 99 

Burgeln 217 

Burgfanibach 170 

Burg Stein 95 

Biisum 85 

.'JfatJtbaeA ,,..„„. „ 79 

JHftM^ofr... , , ^,,^, ^ , 



PAOB 
C 

Cadenbcrge 84 

Calbc « 65 

Calcum 29 

Calw 195, 201 

Camburg , 76 

Camenz 61 

Cannstadt 184 

Carlabad, or Karl«bad 231 

Caritthafeu 81 

CasHel (Kassel) 70, 92 

Celle 87 

Cham 234 

Charlottonburg 12 

Chemnitz 117 

Chiem Lake 179 

Chlum 125 

Chotusitz 236 

Chotzen 125.237 

Clansthal 88 

Coblentz 76 

COBORO 96 

Colbcrg 51 

Cologne 30 

CSnnem 65 

Constance 190 

Constance Lake 177, 191 

Corvey Abbey 82 

Coscl 132 

Coslin 61 

Cossen 117 

Coswig 93 

C5then 94 

Cottbus 58, 65 

Crailsheim, or Krailsheim ...187 

Crefeld 28 

Creglingen 188 

Creussen 172 

Crenzberg 62 

Creuztlial 29 

Culm 54 

CUstrin 53 

Cuxhaven 84 

Czasiau 235 



>—♦••••■■•■■—*> 



D 

Dahl 29 

Dammgarten 47 

Dannenbiirg 31 

Dannewirke 86 

Dantzic 51 

Dassnitz... 232 

Davidsthal 282 

Debisfoldc 35 

Deggendorf 178 

Deuzlingen 204, 206 

Dessau 98 

Detmold 77 

Dettingen 169 

Deutschbrod 286 

i>eatflch Eyl 

Dents . 

D/efl?i!liofen :...n9 ^ 1EV\>o^tv 



ylau M 54, 56 \ lE\bVR««t<y 

„..i .W, 76 \ "E\\>M«\»% 



Dies 

Dinkelabtthl - - tt...,i...,.., 

Dirschan M, A 

Dittersbsch ... 

Doberan 

Dolme... 

Dombtthl 

Domiti M....M......M 

Donaueschingen 194,295, 

Donanstauf ^ 

DonauwSrth 

Dortmund ....H 

Drei Oleichen, The .........iB 

Dresdkit 4.;.^ 

Lrnnurg ................ ....j.as.tg.^ 

LiucnerowM*. ••*••. ••.■•*••.«■• 

Duisburg 

Diilmen 

Duppel 

Diiren 

Durlach 

Diimkrut 

DUrrOhrsdorf 

DU88ELDORF... 



Ebenhansen 

Eberbach 

Ebcrmannstadt .....•• 

Ebersbach m....m.m 

Ebersdorf 

Eberstein Castl« 

CiDerswaicie ..........a. 

Eckerkrug . 

Eckemforde „„., 

EckmUhl 

Egeln 

Eger 118, 

Ehingen 

Ehrenberg 

Eibsee 

Elchenberg 

Eichhofen 

Eichicht 

Eichstadt 

Eilenburg , 

Eimsbuttel 

Einhorn , 

Eisenach 70, 81, 

Eisenbach 

Ilisenbrod , 

Eisenstein 

Eisfeld 96, 

Eisgrab Castle ..'..r.. 

Eisleben 

Elberfeld 

ElbeTeinitz : 

Elbfallen 

Elbln?; 



•••••■••••••a 



IMDBX» 



IZ* 



PACK 

Elehingen 176 

ElUngen 159 

Ellrich 89 

Ellwangen 193 

Elm 172 

Elmsbom ...» 35 

Elster Bad 119 

Elsterwerda 101 

Eltmann 171 

Elzach 208 

Emden or £mbden .•.••• 40 

Ems 76 

Endorf 179 

Engelhardsberg^r Thai ....173 

Enger 27 

Enz Valley 202 

Eppendorf... 84 

Eppsteln 76 

Erdfall ^.....». 95 

Erding 180 

Erdmannsdorf 129 

Erfurt 67 

Erkner 57 

Erlangcn 168 

Eschwegc 74 

Essen 28 

Essendorf 191 

Esslingen 188 

Etui 149 

Ettenheim 207 

Eutingen 195 

Eutin .......^.. ^ 48 

Erenberg 81 

Extern Rocks 77 

Eydtkahneu 57 

Eylau 57 

P 

Fahnan .214 

Falgendorf 125 

Falkenau 282 

Falkenberg 101 

Ffdk«nstein 91, 117 

Febrbellin.^ 31 

FSldberg 21 3 

Fslhebn 176 

Fellhammer 129 

F«iicht 154 

Fnuditwangen 167 

Fichtelgebirge Hills 175 

Flnnentrop 29 

Fleaabarg 86 

Flinaberg 124 

P15ha 117 

Florldsdorf 238 

Fbrchheim ....163,172 

FlUVCOXIAK SWITZBBLAXD...172 

Ftenkenstein 61, 130 

FlU]rKroST-on-tbe-3f4//i 74 

VMJkMKFOBT-on-tbe-Oder 58 

JhautxcnalUid 2SZ 

Kmaenberg' ^99 



PAGB 

Franenbarg 55 

Franendorf 60 

Fredersdorf 58 

Freiburg ....» 66 

Freiberg (Saxony) 116 

Freiborg-im-Breisgaa 208 

Freiborg-under-Fiirstenstein 129 

Freienwaldall 131 

Freienwaldc 47 

Frciertfbach 196 

Freilassing 180 

Frelsing 160 

Freschkowitz 229 

Freadenstadt 196, 204 

Friedberg 74 

Friedensthal 77 

Friedland 57, 124 

Friedrichroda .» 69 

Friedrichshafen 191 

Friedrichshall 186 

Fricdrich&tadt 86 

Friesack 31 

Friesdorf 167 

Frohsdorf 254 

Frohso 84, 94 

Frondenbcrg 81 

Frottstedt 69 

Fulda 74 

Ftirstcnberg 58,81 

Fiirstenstein 129 

FUrstenwalde 57 

Fttrth 168 

Furth-im-Wald 234 

Furtwangen 206, 213 

Fiissen .148 

G 

Gadebusch 31 

Gaileiircatherhlihle 173 

Gallizlnberg .252 

Galtgarben 57 

G&iisemdorf 288 

Gardclegin 85 

Garz 49 

Geestemiinde 40 

Gefrees 175 

Gohren 98 

Geislingen 189 

Gelnhansen 75 

Gelsenkirchen 28 

Gemiindcn 170, 172 

Gengcnbach 205 

Georgcnbcrg 229 

Gera 120 

Qerdauen 54 

Gemrode 90 

Gemsbach 200 

Geroldsan .200 

\jiersieiQ. ............... «...%•.•»• ««%% i% 

Gerstungen ^ 

Giebichenatein ^-^ 



!•••«••••< 



1 • «••«»•» 



i*AOB 

GishUbel 231 

Gitschin 125 

Glatz 129, 180 

Glauchau •- 119 

Gleissen 62, 75 

Glelwitz 182 

Glogau 59 

Glotterthal .^211 

GlSwen ^... 81 

Gltickitadt 35 

Gniand-am-Teg^nisce 160 

GmUnden 181 

Gnadaa 94 

Gnadenberg 123 

Gnesen 61, 62 

Gniewkowo 62 

GoldshSfe 192 

Golluow ......••••.......• 50 

GSppingen 189 

Gorkau 180 

GSrlitz 122 

Goslar «...^ 88 

GSssnitz 119, 120 

GSsswebistein 173 

GoTHA 68, 98 

Gottingen 80 

Gottorp Castle .^ m.... 86 

Gotzlow 50 

Grafenberg 13L 

Grafenthal 100 

Grajewo 57 

Gransee 46 

Gratslitz 232 

Graudenz 54 

Granhof 88 

Grelfenstein 174 

Greifcnstein Castle 100 

Greifcnberg 60 

Greiffenberg 126 

Greifswald 47, 49 

Grelz 121 

Griesbach 196,203 

Grizehno 65 

Grouau 28 

Grossbeeren 18 

Gross Czemosek 229 

Gross Gorschea 65 

Grossekreutz 18 

Grosse Winterberg 112 

Gross Karben 74 

Gross Schirma 1 17 

Gross Seidlitz 118 

Gross Strehlitz 13i 

Gross Voigtsbarg 117 

Grotenburg 77 

Grotzingen asft- 

QiTOXW\.... 



*%%%%%*•***** 






Gicsseu...... ^^y ^^ 

Gicsshttbcl ^^ 



^vtoc^ 






X. 



IKDBX. 



PAaB 

Guntenihaufen 78 

Glintersthal ^ „209 

Uanxach 177 

GUuzborg 176 

Ounx«nhauseii 168, 1C6 

OiiHtruw 46 

Outochthal 205 

GUtenbach ^ a06 

Gutenstein ^4 

II 

Haan 30 

Hafcnlohr 169 

Hagcn '29 

Hagenow SI 

Haidersdorf 263 

Haidhof 174 

Haigerloch 193 

Haimbach 363 

Hainau „69, 128 

Hainichon 116 

Halberatedt 88 

Halbstadt 126 

HaU 187 

HaUe 6& 

HalsbrUck 117 

H^lCBUBO 81 

Hameln 77 

Hamm 27 

Hammelburg 172 

Hammereisenbach 211, 218 

Hanan 76 

Hamoveb 28 

Harburg 84, 88 

Harburg (Bavaria) 168 

Harteuberg 282 

Harvestende 88 

Harzburg 87 

Habz District 82 

Harzgerode 90 

Hasel Caves 914 

Haslach 206 

Hasselfelde 90 

Hassfnrt 171 

Haste 25 

Haufe 29 

Hausach 194. 204, 206 

Hausen 214 

Havelberg 81 

Hechingen 193 

Hehlen 82 

Hoide 35 

Heidelberg 187 

Heidenheim 192 

Heidingsfeld 167 

Heilberg 65 

Heilbronn 186 

Heilgenbell 66 

Heiligenkreaa 264 

^eJU/reaatadt 92, 174 

^0/lsifroiui ler J87 

y ^'« 74 

84 



rxuE 

HelDiKtedt al 

IlelHa 74 

Heunef 76 

Herl>ertingen 191 

I1orl>om 76 

llcrdorf 76 

Hcrford 26 

Hermann Statue 78 

Hcrmsdorf 127 

Heme 28 

Herrenalb 195, 201 

Herreul)erg 102 

Herrenwiuso 200 

Hormhut 123 

Hermskretschen 112,229 

HerabrUck 172 

Herstellc 81 

Hcrtha See 48 

Herzbcrg 89, 101 

Hesscnthal 187 

Hctzcndorf 263 

Hcudcber 85 

Hcufuder 124 

Henseheuer Rocks 180 

Hictzing 268 

Hildbnrghausen 96, 98, 99 

Hildeshoim 23,80 

Himmelrcich 212 

HIrschberg 126 

Hitzaker 81 

Hochkirch 122 

HiJchenschwand 216 

H«ch8t 76 

Hochstadt 168,166 

HOF 120, 166, 176 

Ilofgeismar 73 

Hohc Eiche 100 

HoheEnle 180 

Hohen Asporg 186 

Hohenau 288 

Hoheneiche 74 

Hohen-Freidbnrg 129 

Hohenfurt < 286 

Hohengcroldscck 207 

Hohenlandsbcrg 1 67 

Hohenlinden 180 

Hohcnschwangau 148 

Hohenstanfen 189 

Hohentwiel Castle 194 

Hohenurach ....198 

HohenzoUem Castle 194 

Hohnstein 119 

Hohnstorf 87 

Hollabmnn 236 

Hollendorf 231 

HSllenthal 212 

Holzkirchon 160, 179 

Holzminden 82 

Horb 195,196 

Horic .^1 

Horin Xr^ 

Homherg .186, 205 

HomiHgrrinde .^^ 



rAAi 
Horntoberg ...•mm««m...i 

Horowitz 

Huxter .^m J9 

Hubaoker „.„.,.„,»,. ^IM 

Hubertsborg .......•^•..^^....11^ 

HUfingen .....flU 

Hasani »,..,^ .m. H 

HUtteldorf Sf9 

I 

Iglau .........SM 

Igling «. ....1T3 

nfeld «., m 

Illowo 11 

Ilmenau 11 

Ilsenburg 89 

Ilscnstein „.. 89 

Iinmelbom tl 

Iminendingen 194 

Immenstadt 179 

Iranau 184 

Ingelfingen 181 

Ingolstadl .Ill 

Innsbriick „..14l 

Inowrazlaw 81 

In8ell>erg 81 

Insterbarg M, 9! 

Irrenlohe ITj 

Ischl 1« 

Iserlohn 29, ^ 

Isny li 

Itzohoo 81 

J 

Jablonow ., i 

Jacobsdorf ...Jt 

Jagcrmeyer M 

Jagstfeld V 

Jahde ..,„ * 

Jarotschin 61, 

Jasmnnd 

Jastrow 

tiaztnaiisen .«.«.. 

Jena 

Jerxheim 

Jover ^, 

Joachimsthal „, 

Johannisbad 

Josepbinenhiitte 

Joscphshohe. 

Josephstadt 

Jtlbeck 

Jtiterbog ( 

K 

Kahla 

Kahlenberg ^,,,, 

Kalserstohl , 

Kaiserswerth 

Kallenberg , 

R»mQDA , 

"Katv^^X 

'KAX\«ftBA\. 

'K.arVi^AXTv 



INDEX. 



XI. 



PAQE 

Karolinenslel m* 41 

Karow 46 

Karwendel 149 

Kattowltz.^ 182 

Katzbach 128 

Kaafbeuem 177 

Kanfbring 177 

Kelhelm 164 

Kemnade 82 

Kempen (Silesia) 62 

Kempten 177 

Kesselberg 149 

Kestenlieim 192 

Kiel 36 

Kinzig Valley 204, 206 

Kirchberg 187 

Kirchheim 186 

Kirchheim-nnter Teck 189 

Kirnach 206 

Kirnbach 205 

Kirnitzschthal Ill 

Kislogg 191 

Kisseng^n 171 

Kittelsburg ^ 100 

Kitzingcn 170 

Klattau 234 

Klein Czernosek 229 

Klein Reifling 182 

Kleirien 44 

Klein Ostheim 169 

Klein Welke 122 

Kleinzschocher 116 

Klingenberg 169 

Klingenthal 119 

Kloster Ebrach 170 

Kloflterkrug 36 

Kloster Lcchfeld 177 

Kniebis 196, 203 

&>chelfaU 128 

Cotalfurt 126 

lolberg 61 

U)lln 236 

Olmberg 118 

Bin 30 

unotau 101, 284 

tniggrtftz 126, 237 

fnigsberg 56, 83 

nigsberg-l-d-N 63 

nlgsbom 79 

tilgSee 180 

ligsen 100 

dgsfeld 204 

IgshUtte 132 

tgstein 112, 229 

gsweinberg 109 

gszelt 130 

iz 53 

nick 57 

*u6u ••••••••• •••••••••• •t»«vTy t/fl 

l##« ••••••••»••••••••••••*•••••••• vO 

Kvit #'«##• ••»••••••••••••••• •••••X^(/ 

'An 187 



PAGS 

Kralup 228 

Kranz 67 

Kray 28 

Kreiensen 82 

Kreische ...110 

Kreuth 160 

Krippen HO 

Kronheim 168 

Krozingen 216, 218 

Kmmau 286 

Kubitzen 284 

Kulm 64, 280 

Knlmbach 166 

Kunersdorf 68 

Knttenberg 286 

Kyffhauscr Hill 92 

Kynast Castle 127 

L 

Lagc 27 

Lager Lcchfeld 177 

Lahr 207 

Lam 234 

Lambach 181 

Landau-am-Isar. 161, 178, 170 

Landesberg 177 

Landshnt 129 

Landshnt 161 

Landskrone 122 

Langclsheini 88 

Langenbiclau 130 

Lang^enhenncrsdorf 110 

Langcnsalza 98 

Langcnwiescn .^ 98 

Langenzenn.. 163 

Langwedel 86 

Laskowltz 54 

Lanban 126 

Lauchstadt 66 

Lauda 169 

Lauenberg (Pomerania) 61 

Lauenbnrg-on-the-Elbe 37 

Lauf 172 

Lanfach 169 

LanfTcn 186 

Lanrenburg 78 

Lanscha 100 

Lantenbach 203 

Lantcrberg 89 

Laxenberg 258 

Lechfeldo 167 

Leer 40, 42 

Lehrte 23, 35 

Lcinefeldo 92 

Leiphelm 176 

Leipsig 114 

Leitmcritz 229 

Lcmgo 27, 77 

Lengenfeld 117 



PAGJE 

L^tmathe 29 

Lettofwitz 287 

Licfatenfels 97, KSff 

Lichtenhof 168 

Lichtenstein igs 

Lichtenthal 200 

Lichterfelde 11 

Liebaa 128, 2SQ 

Liebenstein 94 

Liebenzell 196, 201 

Llebwerda 124 

Liegnitz 69, 123 

Lilienstcin Ill 

Limburg 29, 76, 210 

Lindau 177 

Llnz 181, 286 

Lippspringe 78 

Lippstadt 79 

Lissa 69, 61 

Loban 122 

Lobenstein 121, 16ft 

Lobositz ..222 

Lochauer Haido 101 

Loehotin 284 

Loffenan 200 

Lohmen Ill 

L6hne 77 

Lohr 169 

Lollar 76 

Lorch 192 

LSrrach 218 

Loschwitz 109 

LSwcnbnrg 126 

L(>wenstein 186 

LObegk 42 

Lubenz 281 

Lndwigsbnrg 186 

Lndwigs-Canal 168 

Lud'w^igslnst 31 

Lndwigsort 66 

Luisenbnrg 176 

Lnndenbnrg 286, 288 

Liineburg 81, 37 

Lutter 81 

Liitzen 65 

Lyck 64, 57 

M 

Madele Gabel 177 

Magdeburg 19 

Mainkur 75 

Malchin 45 

Malsfeld 7i 

Maltsch 69 

Mansfeld 91 

Marbach 185 

Marburg „ 78 

Marchfeld .Mi 

^ttX^*>^^M -^- 

lfi:K^v3eX32dS>M?c% -S 

i(L«e«ivx.iA,« 'v::::::::::::::.:^ 



LeobersdoTf •"''*^\'*?^^''^!Si^"V.'^ 

Leobschtitz •^^A'^SS^SS^^ 



xU. 



IllDBZ. 



Marmormtthle 86 

Maalbronn 185 

Maxen ^ 110 

Meckenbeuem 191 

Me«rane ^ 117 

MeUtheuer 119 

Melnberg 78 

Meininfren 96 

Meisdorf 91 

Meissen ^.113 

MeissnerHill 74 

Melnik 228 

Memel 67 

Memmlngen 176 

Menden 81 

Mengen 190 

Meppen 42 

Mergentheim 188 

Merkelsdorf 129 

Herseburg 66 

Meschede 81 

Messkirch 191 

Metziiigen 198 

Michelsberg 172 

MiUn 284 

MUtenberg 78, 169 

Miudelheim 177 

Minden 25 

Mireschowitz 233 

Missunde 36 

Mistclgaa 176 

Mittelsteine 125, 237 

Mittelwalde 130 

Kittenwald 149 

Mittcrsendling 179 

Moabit 13 

MSdling 253 

MSggliugen 192 

M<^no 62 

Moisllng 43 

M«lln 42 

Mollwlta 131 

Montabauer 76 

Montowo 56 

Moosburg 160 

Iforitzburg 109 

Miigeln ^ 110 

Muggeudorf 173 

ICtlhldorf 179, 180 

Mtthlhaosen 97 

Mulda 117 

Mttlheim-on-the-Rhinc SO 

MuUheim 216 

Muinmolsee 202 

Miinchberg 62, 166, 176 

Miinchendorf 264 

Mttnde 61 

Mttnden 81 

Munich ^ 133 

MHaster. 27 

■^ffasterbergr. 61 

Y^^^'fc^Aal 218 

'!""y.200 



ra 



'JkmJ 



PAOB 

Murhardt J87 

Maritsee 46 

Murnan 148,149 

Muskau 68 

N 

Nabbnrg..« 174 

Nachod 126, 887 

Nagold 196 

Nakel 64 

Namslau 182 

Narsdorf 118 

Nassau 76 

Naugard 60 

Nauheim 74 

Nauraburg 66 

Neckar River 186 

Neekarsulm » 186 

Neinstadt 90 

Neisse 181 

Nenndorf 26 

Neratowitz 228 

Nen Brandenburg 31, 45, 46 

Neu Buckow 45 

Neudeck 173 

Neudettelsau 162 

Neudietendorf 68, 98 

Neuendorf ».110 

Neuem 234 

Neufahrwasser ^1, 62 

Neuhaldensleben "20 

Nenhaus 172 

Neu-Heng-Stadt 195 

Nenkirchen 175 

Neukrug 88 

Neukohren 67 

Neumarkt 59 

Neumarkt-an-der-Sulz 154 

Neuminster 37 

NeumUnster 35, 88 

Neuotting 181 

Neurnppon 31 

Neuses 97 

Neustadt 113, 211 

Neustadt-an-der-Aisch...l63, 170 
Neustadt-an-der-Salle ...128, 171 
Neustadt, or Neustadt Ebers- 

walde .....46, 206-6 

Neustadt Harsburg 87 

Neustadt-on-the-Haide 101 

Neustadt (Sax. Switz.) 112 

Neustadt unterm Hobnstein.. 89 

Neustettin 51, 53 

Neu-Strelitz 46 

Neu Ulm 176, 190 

Neu Waldegg 262 

Ncuzelle 58 

Nlederau 194 

Niedergrand 112 

Niederhone 74 

NiederRathen Ill 

JTiedersedlitz .U<^ 

Ifiederstetten .1%% 

Norden 4V 



NordenbamBi ..m.x.m.m.m.m.. 4% 
worcieyney .«...«»»««..•.»...........« 41 

Nordhausen ..w.........^......... M 

NUrdlingen .«.— ..............168 

Northeim •..•.••••••■m..mmm W 

North Sea Canal .....m.m..mmm M 

Nossen ......«..J17 

NuBBMBSBO (Nflmberf) ISt, 170 

O 
Oberammergau .•••....m»mm.m149 
Oberau mm..mm14I 

\^vdvUSod* .......................... #9 

vroer vriogau....................M.jLvft 

vroergrunQ ^ — iTiTTiTii.n..iiy 

Obergtlnzburg. ...m.JTT 

Oberhagen ........................ 89 

Oberhausen ..................S8, 191 

Oberbof ...« 86 

vroerKucne •.«•••.........«•... ...JM# 

Oberkotzan m.......m.m..176 

Oberlauchringen .................J16 

Oberstaufen ......m..!?? 

vrDvroXQori •••••••■•«•••••«»•««•• •■••••If 

Ochsenfurt ....1C7 

Oderberg ^.....138 

vreDisieiue«>..a......M.M. M.M.JED, Tl 

Oederan »..117 

Oehringen ^..187 

Oels M 81 

Oelsnitz 117, 119 

Octtingen U8 

Oey nhausen 77 

Offenbach m. 76 

Offenburg 194, 804^806 

Ohlau ..JH 

Ohligswald ....M... 30 

Ohrdruf „.. 98 

Oker or Ocker ....» 88 

Oldenburg „^ 40 

Oldesloe MM... 88 

Oliva .51,68 

Olpe M..M. 88 

Opladen ^^.^^ 80 

Oppein 188 

\^^^t?UI«tt ••••••■• ••••••■•••«*«««»««a3RP9 

Opperode m...m 91 

Oranienburg » 48 

\^X^cuIJvA^K •••••••••••••••••••••« •••••2^P9 

Oschatz 118 

Osmannstedt €7 

Osnabrtick ^..87, 41 

Osterfeld „. 88 

Osterhofcn 178 

Osterodo 64, 89 

Ostrowo OS 

OswaldshSble ....178 

Oswitz 81 

OttenhSfen .308 

OlWWcavXfeVn »„.... 96 

CyveT««« .«.». ^ 

OyYAti ..A'SW 



INDEX. 



XIU. 



PAGE 
P 

Faderborn 78 

Papenbnrg 42 

Parchim 81, 44 

Farchwitz 59 

Pardabitz 126,936 

Paretz .'. 15 

Partenkirchen 149 

Paring 148, 177 

Passau 178 

Panlinenaae 81 

Panlinzella Abbey 100 

Pegnitz 172 

PelskretBcbam 182 

Peissenberg 148 

Peiting .148 

Penig „ 118 

Penzberg 148 

Penzlng 258 

Petersburg Schloss .231 

Petersdorf 126 

Petersthal 196, 203 

PeterzeU ..» .206 

Pforta 66 

Pforzheim 195, 201 

FhilipBmhe 75 

PlUau 57 

PUlnitz 110 

xiisen ••••••••••••••••••••••••Xi B, io'x 

Pinneberg....^ 85 

Pima^....^^.. 110, 112 

Htten 264 

Planberg 150 

PIanegg....»M 148 

Plass 284 

Plattllng ....^ 178 

Plane 98 

Planen ......m....... 119 

^leuiieici ••••••!••...•••••••••.••••. A Oo 

Plochlingen ••••••••••••••.••••••••.189 

Pockan 117 

Podersam 284 

PMnmersfelden 165 

Pommritz 122 

Pt^penhaiuen 171 

Porta Westpbalica — ..— 26 

Posen —•• 62 

pMsenhofen 148 

Pttadlnberg 182 

POTSDAX 14 

Pottensteln 173 

PStszcha Ill 

PXAOtTX 228 

Prebiach Thor 112 

Preehthal 208 

Pnslits V34 

Men 179 

PttoMn 284 



PAGE 

Przibislaw 235 

Padewitz 62 

PttUna 238 

Piirghtz 234 

Putbus 48 

Pyrmont 77 

Q 

Qaakenbrttck 40 

Qaedlinbnrg. 84 

Quoliti 48 

R 

Rabensteiner HSble 174 

Racknitz 109 

Radeberg 110, 121 

Radolfzeil 190 

Raitz ^ 287 

Rakonltz 284 

Ramberg 90 

Rammelsberg 88 

Rathen 110 

Rathenow 85 

Ratibor 182 

Ratisbon 151 

Ratzebnrg 42 

Raudnitz 229 

Raudten 58 

Ranen 58 

Ravenflburg 191 

Regensburg 151 

Regenstauf 174 

Rehburg Bad 25 

Rebme 26 

Reichenbach 119, ISO 

Reichenberg 124 

Reichenhall 180 

Reichenstcin 180 

Reichmannsdorf 100 

Reichstadt 124 

Reinhardsbrrmn 97, 98 

Riesenbarg 55 

Reitzenhaitt 117 

Remscheid 30 

Renchthal 208 

Rendsbiirg 86 

Rennsteig 69 

Reppen 58, 58 

Reuss 120 

Reutlingen 193 

Rheda 79 

Rhcine 42 

Rheinsberg 46 

Rhetra 46 

Rheydt 28 

RhOngebirge 74 

Riesa 113 

Riescngebirge Mountains 127 

Rinteln 77 

Rippoldsau .\^^ *i^V 

Rochlitz .\\% 



PAGE 

Rosenheim ...«!»....».•..• 179 

RosenmtillershShle 178 

Rosenstein 192 

RSslau 175 

RoBsbach 65 

Rossla 92 

Rosslau 59, 93 

Rostel 238 

Rosstrappe 85 

Rosswein 116 

Rostock 44 

Roth 159 

Rothehtitte-Konigshof 86 

Rothemtihie 29 

Rdthenbach 177 

Rothenbarg 58 

Rothenburg-on-the-Tauber ..•167 

Rothenstein 99 

Rottenbnrg 194 

Rottweil 194 

Rottwemadorf 110 

Roztok 228 

Rttbeland 86 

Radersdorf 58 

Rudolstadt 100 

RUGBK ISLAICD 48 

Riigrenwalde 51 

Rnhland 58 

Ruhrort 28 

Randing 284 

Rupprechtstegen 1 72 

S 

St. Bartholomew Lake 180 

St.Blasien 215 

St. Oeorgen 206 

St. Egidien 117 

St. Margen 211 

StOttilien 209 

St. Peter 211 

St Valentin 285 

St. Waldau .206 

Saal 154 

Saalburg 121 

Saalfeld 100, 120 

Sachsa 89 

Sadowa 125, 237 

Sagan 58 

Sagard 48 

Saidschtitz ^ 233 

Saitz .....236 

Saltzwedell 57 

Salzbninn 129 

Salzburg 181 

Salzburg Castle....-— 171 

Salzurgen 94 

Salzwedel 35 

SMa\«cti^ '^ 






Roderau Ao\,\\^ \^^***^^^^ ^•**v;:::.v.v.v 

Rogasen *^ \ ^^]^\^ vt«»»-^**^ ' 



284 I ROSEK AU ^^ 



XIT. 



INDBXi 



PACK 

Schalkau 101 

Sohalko 28 

Schandaa 111,239 

Bohapbach 196 

Scharzf eld Lauterberg ...m.... 89 

Schauinsland 211 

Scheer 194 

Schollenberg Ifi8 

Schenkcnzell 204 

Scherfede 81 

Schicrke 86 

ScbUtach 204 

Schkcadits 65 

Schkopau Castle » 66 

Schlan 281, 283 

Schlawe 61 

Schlehdorf 149 

Schloiz 120 

ScHLSswia 86 

Sdilousingen 99 

Bchliengen 217 

Sehlicrsee «. 160 

Schlochaa 68 

Schloss Hohenscbwangau ...148 

Schloss Ptirglitz 284 

Schluchseo 216 

Scbltichtern 74 

Schmalkalden 95 

Schmiedeberg 126, 129 

Scbmticko Inn 98 

Schnecberg 112,119,180 

Schneekopi 98 

Schneckoppe 128,180 

SohneidcmiUa 63 

8chi>mberg .....128 

BcbSna 110 

Bobonau 214, 218 

Scbunbrunn 262 

SohUncbeck 94 

Soh($neberg 12 

ScbUnenbach 218 

BckSngrabem 286 

SchSnbansen 86 

SchSnhof .281 

SohSningen 21 

BchSnsteinhohle 178 

SchSnwnld 206 

Schopfbeim 218 

Schoppenstcdt , 21 

Schorndorf 102 

Bohreckenstoin 229 

Schreibershaa 128 

Schulko 28 

Scbulpforto 66 

Scbuttei-thal 207 

Scbwabacb 169 

Schwaben 180 

Scbwabmiinchcn 177. 

Schwadowitz : 126 

Schwaigern 186 

^cAwaJJanffen 95 

j^Aftrnjjf/orf —......,.174 



^Afrarza 



.100 



I 



TAGS 

Scbwarzoch 816 

Schwarzburg 100 

Scbwedt 47 

Schwoidnitz 180 

Schwcinfurt 170 

Schwelm 29 

Scbwcnningen 194 

Schwerin 44 

Schwerte .; 26, 81 

Schwientochlowitz 128, 182 

Seebach 202 

Seoaen 82, 88 

Secsbaupt * 148 

Seidlitz 288 

Selfersdorf Valley 110 

Seiflionnersdorf 122 

Seligenstadt 169 

Sclkc Valley 90 

Selter« 76 

Slegburg 76 

Siegclsdorf 163 

Slegcn » 20 

Siegcrsdorf 69 

Sigmaiiugon 194 

Silbcrberg 130 

Simbacb 181 

Simonswald 206 

Singen 194, 198 

Sinn 76 

Sinzbelm 186 

Smiric 237 

Soeflt 79 

Sohland 122 

Sohlenbofcn 169 

Soldaa 66 

Solingcn 80 

Soltau 36 

Sommcrau ~ 206 

Sommerda 68 

Sondcrberg 87 

Sondersbauscn 92 

Sonneberg 97, 100 

Sonnenstcin .113 

Soolbad Wittekind 66 

Soran 68 

Spalt 169 

Spandau 12, 31 

Spcssart 169 

Stadc 34 

Stadtamhof 163 

Stadt-Ilm 100 

Staffclstein 165 

Stargard 46 

Stargard (Pomeranla) 60 

Starkotsch 125 

Starnberg 148 

Stassfurt 94 

Btavenhagen 45 

Stecklenberg 90 

Steele 26 

Steinach .Ul 

Steinbach .^^1 

Stcinheim *11 



PAGS 

Stoisalingen .„ 194 

Btencuu --.-—------— — Tt«Ttn».m 86 

Sterkerade •^....... 28 

Stbttui MM^. 49 

Stock ..........IJi 

Stockach IM, 194 

Btockcraa ..286, 218 

Stolbcrg »«......^. 81 

stoip a 

Stolpmllnde a 

Stralau u 

Stralsund 47 

Straubing ......178 

Strchla ,111 

Strehlen ...mm.^... fll 

Streitberg ^....«.*«.17l 

Strclit M.....M... M 

StrUbcck ^. — .,^.. 84 

Strzedokluk — ,- , , W i 

Stnbbenkiunmer -„„.,. 49 

Stubnitz ...^....^....M..... 48 

Stttlilingen ^.^.^m-.^IS 

Stunudorf m.... - 94 

oTUTTOABT ......... ttthhhI^ 

Suderode .«..„.....«. 80 

Suhl ^^.^ 86 

Sulzbach JL74, 1S7, 918 

Snlzbach-am-Main «.«.JI8 

Sulzthal '. ,-^7 

Sandewltt ,,.- |6 

Swabian Alps ..188; 1M,II8 

Swinemfinde ', ...^„ 80 

T 

Tabor ^..„.285 

Tafelfichte -....«. J2* 

Tann 74 

Tannc .,.^. 86 

Tannwald «.......J24 

Tattcndorf ^,Mi 

Tegcmsee ...^....MO 

Teinaeh ....261 

Tempclhof U 

TopUtz or Toplltz J29 

Tetschcn ,.112, 229 

Tcttenbom „ ..,, 89 

Tcttnang ^91 

Thnle 85 

Tharandt .....109 

Thcmar ^. 96 

Theresicnstadt 339 

Thorn 54 62 

Thiiringer Wald 89 

Tiefe Grand Jji 

Tilsit J7 

Titlsee 206, 216 

Todtuau 214, dl5, 218 

Tolz ^JTO 

ToimXiv^ 85 

, TOT^«.\3L :iiS8v. 

\ ToftV. «,«««.:saA 



INDEX. 



XV. 



PAGK 

Traunstein 179 

Traasnitz Castle 151 

Trantenau •. 125 

Trayemlinde 48 

Tremosna 234 

Trennfeld 169 

Treptow «... 18 

Treyaa 78, 74 

Ttlborg 206 

TMstbwg..... — .^ 179 

Trocznow 285 

Trudport 218 

Tubingen 198 

A. c»ni«M& •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••■xzo 

TAttlingen ...» ...194 

Totzin^ 148 

l^jnisi ....»....^ 125, 287 

U 

Uefoersee 179 

Udzen 85 

Uffmheim »....« a«7 

Uhlstedt 99 

Ulm 176, 189 

IXnna ^ 79 

d^terboihingren 189 

Utttomei^iHnuui » 96 

Unter Sendling 179 

Untenimonswald 206 

Untertiirkeim ^...188 

Unterwalde Gn^id Ill 

tjrach 193,211 

Utsenf eld 214 

V 

Vaihingen 185 

Varel '. 40 

V ftxvio ••••••••••••••••••«•••••«••••• ox 

Vegesack 40 

Victors HShe 83, 90 

Vienenbarg 82, 88 

Tniingen ^ 194, 204 

▼llBbofen ..„ 178 

Yinselberg 35 

Tbselh^Tede 35 

y^Uuenbaeh. 206, 311, 213 

Vohwinkel 30 

Volkstadt 100 

W 

Wabem 73 

Wagnun 238 

Wablstatt 123 

Wlhring 262 

Walblingen 187 

WUschenfsld 173 

WflUmfi 74 

Walchensee 149 

WMiaOrifl •••«..*«..••.*.«••«.«,,..,, 7f? 
WkJdenburg so, 129 j 



PAOB 

Waldkappel 74 

Waldkirch 204, 206, 208 

Waldshat 216 

Walhalla, The 153 

Walkenried 89 

Walldorf 95 

Wallerstein :....j 166 

Waltershausen 69 

Wandsbeck 84 

Wangon 191 

Wanger Oogo 34, 39, 41 

Wanne 28 

Warburg 81 

Waren 45 

Warmbmnn 126 

Wamemlinde 45 

Warsaw 55 

Wartburg 70 

Wartenburg 54 

Wartha 110 

Wasseralfingon ^..192 

Wasserbnrg 179 

Wasungen di 

Watzmann 180 

Weckelsdorf 129 

Weener ^ 42 

WegstHdl 229 

Wehr 214 

Wohratbal 214 

Wciden 172, 176 

Weikersheim 188 

Weilbach 169 

Weilbnrg 75, 254 

Well-dor-Stadt 195 

Weilheim 148, 149 

Weihab 66 

Weingarten 191 

Weinsberg 188 

Welpert 101 

Weischlitz 121 

Wcissenbnrg-am-Sand 159 

Welssenfels ....66, 120 

Weisswasser 68 

Weizen ..216 

WeU :..181 

Welvor 28, 79 

Wonzelsburg 125 

Werdau 119 

Wermelskirchen 30 

Wennsdorf 113 

Wema 89 

Wemberg 174 

Wemhausen 95 

Wemigerode 85 

Wcrtheim 169 

Wesenstoin 118 

Wessely 235 

Wetterstein range .\\^ 



PAaE 

Wildemaun 88 

Wildenschwert 287 

Wildungen 73, 79 

Wilferdingen 195 

WUhelmsbad 75 

Wilhelmsgluck 187 

WUhclmshShe 70, 72 

Wilhemshafen 40 

Wiisnack 81 

Wimpfen 186 

Windsheim 163 

Winnenden 187 

Wipfeld-on-the-Maln 169 

Wirballen 67 

Wismar 46 

Wittelsbach Castle 157 

Wittenberg « 68 

Wittenberge 31 

Wittmund 31 

WltzenhShle 173 

WobbeUn 81 

Wolfach « 196,204 

Wolfenbiittel 21 

Wolfsgefiirth U% 

Wolfsrathshansen 149 

Wolitnik 56 

Wolkenstein 118 

W6rlitz 93 

Wostromer ..287 

Wunstorf 25 

Wunsiedel 176 

Wilrmsee 148 

Wilrttemberg 182 

Wiirzburg 167,188 

Wurzen 113 



Zdic 234 

Zedlersee 236 

Zehlendorf 13 

Zell 171 

Zeitz 120 

Zella-Mehlis 97 

Zelle, or Gelle 37 

Zellendorf 286 

Zellerfeld 88 

ZeU-im-Wald 214, 218 

Zenlcnroda 121 

Ziegenhals 181 

Ziradorf 163 

Zittaa 124 

Znaim 236 

Zobten 180 

ZollbrtLcke 61 

Zoppot 51, 53 

Zomdorf 5;7 

ZossQvv ....,.., -r:;:^-. 

T.xv^f.xNVi.s^ ^^^^>1S 



Wetzlar .l&, ^ft\^^w\Ou^xl 

Weyer .\%^ \ TwV^V»^^J««^^^^ V..\ 

Wicner-Ncustadt -"^^ \ Tl^'^'^Vf' lUV.V, 

Wildbad .IbOA^^'i^^ \ ^^'^^'^ 



INTRODUCTION. 

*** For the border districts not included here, see Bradshaw^s Hm 
Belgivm and the Rhine, and Bradshaw^s ffand^Book to Switzerlofi 
Tyrol 

For general reference, see Bradshaw's Continental Guide, published mont 
latest particulars respecting passports, hotels, consuls, chaplains, me 
bankers, population, steamers, railways, and other matters, which are liabh 

PASSPORTS. — ^A passport, though not absolutely indispensable in e^ 
the Continent, is always a useful document, which no prudent traveller ti 
without. For Berlin, Frankfort-on-Maine, and other of the larger Gei 
they are still advisable. 

All the requisite information on this head can be obtained on applicai 
London agents, Messrs. Adams & Sons, 5P, Fleet Street. See Intrc 
Bradshaw^s Continental Guide. 

MONEY.— Circular notes of £10 and .£20 are safe and convenient, an( 
by the principal London bankers to their customers ; and by Messrs. K( 
21, Comhill, City, E.C., where every description of foreign mou 
obtained. The value of Circular Notes is recoverable if lost or aU 
Cheque Bank, 4, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, S.W., and 3, George Yard 
Street, will be found to be very convenient for Travellers. Its cheques 
at any bankers in the principal Continental towns. 

The best current money for travellers in Germany are 20 mark gold pie 
notes. Prussian thalers, marks, and kronen (for Austria) are the 
coins. Gold Napoleons (about 15s. 9d.) are generally known, and can 
London at a money- changer's. English sovereigns are often confounded 
and at railway stations, &c., the stranger is liable to suffer loss by th 
being reckoned as a Napoleon. The best plan is to change the sovereign 
coin at a money-changer's. Half-sovereigns are liable to be refused or ch 
Talue. English bank notes are not convenient, and are unknown in s 
It is a useful plan to provide one's self with plenty of small chang 
money-changer's), taking care to get rid of it when you are about to lea 
exchange outside entails a discount. — See Money Table in Bradshaw's 



INTRODUCTION. 



xvii. 



JKoney; — One uniform curreDcy is now the rule for the whole Germsn 
Jading Bavaria and Wiirteftib e rg, and Alsace-Lorraine. It is based on 
r reichf-mark = Is., and dirlded into 100 pfennigs. Tlkdrttetlr currency i^ 

like the English, but dirided decimally ; and is as follows : — 
Gold— 20 mark piece = £1 (strictly 19s. 6d.) 



10 

5 

Silyer — 5 

2 

1 

50 

20 

Viekel^ia 

5 

Bronze — 2 

I 



= lOs. 
=: 5s. 
=: 6s. 
= 2s. 
= iB. 
pfennig = 6d. 
„ = 24d. 



»> 






= lid. 

= O-ld.' 

= 0|d. 
N.B. — The thaler piece is still legal tender for 8 marks, 
r Imperial bank notes for the whole of the German Empire are fbf 5, 30, 
0, 500, and 1,000 marks^ or a multiple of 1,000. Hotes for 100, 500^ and 
s are also issued by 12 other banks. Sovereigns pass for 20m. at the hotels, 
rili sometimes give 20m. 20pf. In London you may get 20m. 30pf . 
be convenient to refer to the monetary system whidi prevailed down to 

H G^RMAiTT (Prussia, ftc.) 

12 pfennigs = 1 sflber groschen (s.gr.) = l|d. 

30 groschen =: 1 thaler =: 8s. 

hu: — 

eh d'or = 5 thalers 90 groschen = 168. 5d. 

1 gold crown = 9 thalers 16 groschen = £l 7s. 4d. 

I'or of Brunswick and Hanover = 5 thalers 15 groschen = about 16s. 2d. 
oins: — the thaler = 28. lid., the double thaler, and pieces of one groschen* 

JO groschen (silber groschen, or '* sgr.*'). In Saxai^^ Htnover^ Bnmtwiek, 
Attenhurg, the thaler contained 30 groschen of 10 pfennigs each; in 
'g the thaler contained 48 schillings of 12 pfennigs each ; but the thaler 
3 same value as the Prussian. In OlderAurg the pfennigs were called 
" in Hesse, " hellers." 

ik notes were in circulation for 1 thaler, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 thalers. 
HJTH (>EXMANT (Bavarfa, Wttrtembcrg, &c.) the system was 
4 pfennigs = 1 kreuzer =r |d. 
60 kreuzers •= 1 silver florin =: Is. 8d. 
ler pieces, 2 gulden pieces, and 6 kreuzer pieces were current. Bank notes 
rculation for 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 florins.] 

^ ; — In 1892 the new system, based on gold value, was introduced. This 
heller and kronen ; 100 hellers-rl krone=10d. The coins are gold, 20 and 
; silver, 1 and \ krone ; nickel, 20 and 10 heller ; bronze, 2 and 1 InUMK. 
^item was : — 100 kreuzers = 1 silver florin =: \^, \\^% «&jcvx»x 

» 1 florin, 5, 10, 100, and 1,000 fLoima M^ wct«|^, *1!!^^^««^^- 
Borin, or a discount of about U yw «■*•• '^•^-'^^'•*^'' ^^ 
bj&ci to continual change. 

A * 



xvili. iNtJtototctloK. 

Gold pieces of 8 and 4 florins were in circulation, but were exceedingly^ rAr«. The 
silver coins were 2 florins, 1 florin, and i florin. But transactionB, as a role, are 
settled almost exclusively in paper money, and care should be taken not to take any 
of this out of the country. See Bradshaw^s Continental Guide, page Ixii. for a table 
of the current rates of value. 

MEASURES :- 

Kilometer Measure is now the ofiicial measure on German lines, 
corresponding to the French kilometre, and divided into tenths. 

1 German mile =: 7*53 kilometers. 
1 English „ =: 1*61 „ 

Table of German and Enolish Miles, and German Kilombtebs. 

(N B. — In round numbers, but near enough for common use.) 

German 
kilometers. 

60 

67J 

75 
150 
225 
300 
375 
750 

= '314 m(^tre. 
,, „ = 12*36 inches. 

I German meile or mile = 4 English miles, 1,056 yards. 
„ = 4| English miles nearly. 

„ =1 French post. 

„ = 7*53 French kilometres. 

The German mile, when in use on the rail, was divided into tenths and hundredths, 
each tenth being 810 English yards. 

2 German miles = %^ Englbh miles. 
„ =1 German post. ' 

„ =4 Stunden, or hours* walking. 

15 German miles = 1 degree = 60 geographical miles. 

The above is the average German mile, which varies slightly in different States j 

thus:— 

1 Prussian meile = 4-681 English miles. 

1 Saxon „ =4*66 „ 

1 WUrtemberg,, =4*628 „ 

1 Austrian „ =: 4*75 „ 

WEIGHTS.— 1 German centner = about 1 lOJ lbs. or 1 cwt. Eng.= 50kilos. 

1 German pfund =:li'^ lb. English =: 50 grams. 

(N.B.~tJUI weights on the German railways are tioi? \(^ VA<^^«x&&:) 



German 


English 


German 


kilometers. 


miles. 


miles. 


2 


l| 


4- 


3} 


24 


i 


74 


45 


1 


15 


9.4 


2 


224 


14 


3 


30 


18? 


4 


874 


23 i 


5 


45 


28 
1 Prussian foot 


6 



English 
miles. 
314 
374 
42 


German 

miles. 

7 

8 

9 


46} 


10 


934 


2U 


140 


30 


I864 
233 


40 
50 


466 


100 



ixTBODucnoir. xiil« 

&0UZB8 ^ GBSMANY.— Seelistiof Steamers and Rails in Brgdshaw'M 
Vantwenial Guide. 

From London, by Sonth-Eastem or London, Chatham, and Dover Bail to Dorer ; 
thence by steamer to Ostend, and through Belgium to Cologne (18 hours ; Frank- 
fort, 17| nours) ; thence to Hamburg and Berlin ; 22} hours to Hamburg, 2Z\ houra 
to Berlin (via Calais, 25i hours). By Flushing to Cologne in 14| hours; to Ham* 
burg in 20 hours, to Berlin in 22}hours. Or from Harwich to Hoek yan Holland, 
Hanoyer, and Berlin, 26 hours ; Hamburg, 25 hours ; Cologne, 17 hours ; Frankfort' 
22^ hours. To Cologne in 22^ hours, via Harwich to Antwerp. At Ostend direct 
Bontes are now open which connect with chief places in Belgium, Holland, and 
Germany, and with the 8t, Gothard Tunnel Line, through Switzerland, for Italy. 
See Bradahaw^s Continental Guide. 

Through tickets can be obtained at most of the Railway Offices, to the principal 
places in Germany, by various routes, available for seven days and upwards. 

STEAMERS. — From London, by steamer direct. To Rotterdam from St. Hatha* 
rine's Bock, in 18 hours. To Hamburg, 480 miles, in 33 to 40 hours, from 
St. Katharine's Dock; thence to Berlin, &c. To Bremen, by North German 
JAofA*s boats. To Ostend, 136 miles, for Brussels and Cologne. To Antwerp. From 
Qjntenborough to Flushing, in connection with the London, Chatham, and Dover Rail* 
and mail trains from Flushing to Germany, via Boxtel, Wesel, and Oberhausen! 
Trom Harwich, by Great Eastern Company's steamers, to Ostend, 73 miles; Antwerp' 
140 miles; Rotterdam, 120 miles, 12 hours ; thence to Berlin and Vienna. From ffuli 
to Bremen, 380 miles, 36 hours; and Hamburg, 370 miles; thence to Berlin. From 
Grinuby to Hamburg, 350 miles, 32 hours ; to Rotterdam, 230 miles ; to Antwerp, 
290 miles. From West Hartlepool to Hamburg. 

See Table of Routes from London and from Berlin, Cologne, Frankfort-on-M ain 
Dresden, Munich, &c., to all the principal resorts on the Continent, pages 1 to 1 1 of 
Bradshaw'e Continental Guide. 

OXJSTOM HOUSEf (Zoilhaus), — ^The officers in Germany are strict, but civil. 
Every article liable to duty should be declared. Silk, lace, and other articles packed 
with articles of apparel, or otherwise concealed, are liable to seizure. In Austria 
playing cards are forbidden ; an ounce of tobacco and ten cigars are allowed free * 
beyond these duty is payable (tobacco being a government monopoly) at the rate of 3 
florins per i kilogram (about 100 cigars). — See JBradshaw^s Continental Guide, opposite 
the title-page. 

On landing at a Continental port, passengers are not allowed to take more than a 
amall bag on shore. The luggage is carried to the Custom House and can be cleared 
by the Commissionaire, who will also get a visa to the passport if required. 

jJJkIL WATS.— See lists of Time Tables on German rails, in the German section 
of Bradakttw*s Continental Guide. On German rails 2nd class carriages are superior 
to English, and few persons trayel 1st class. Usually about 50 lbs. of luggage \^ 
allowed free in Germany, or as much as the passenger can stow away under his seat. 
Compartments are reserved for ladies (Damen-Coup€) and non-smokers (fSr Niehi 
Boucher). Children under 3 years, free; 3 to 10, half-price. 

On PmssUn Unes, Express trains take only lat aTid.^Ti9L e\%s%^^^vsB%«». ;c^^;ft^ 
fiom fonr to ten /^rs, haif-fare. Excelleiit S\eepVn%Ct«* «t^ Vu. w. vc ^^ ^^^ 
jhid 4!l0SM^ provided with laratori^s and other con^cuV^sncea. 



' xz. nmoDucnoH . 

On Anfltrian rails, passengers with 2iid class tickets may change to Ist class, upon 
pajing half a 2nd claiss fare more, or from 3rd to 2nd at the same rate. Children under 
ten jears half price. Smoking is not allowed in the carriages marked "Fiir 
Nicht-Rancher " (non-smokers). 

OONVEYANOES.— Steamers run on the Rhine. On the Weser, from Carlsliafen. 
On the Elhe, from Dresden. On the Dannhe, from Donanwerth and Regensharg 
fRatishon). On the Moselle, from Treves and Coblcnce. On Lake Constance. — See 
List of Steamers in Bradshaw's Continental Guide. 

Luggage Abroad. — Passengers with through tickets should hare their luggage 
renstered. If not registered they should personally superintend the examination. 

Sclinellposten, (or Eilwagen) and Mallepostes.— These are the mail coach^ 

and diligences, conducted by Government oifficials. Fares about IJd. per English 
mile. Rate of travelling about 8 English miles per hour at the best. 

About 30 lbs. of luggage are allowed free; and 20 lbs. more if paid for. Every 
package must be labelled with the owner's name and destination. The coaehes take 
no outside passengers. For list of coaches, see Bradshaw's Continental Otdde. 

Conveyances, called Eztra-Post, niay generally be obtained at the post Btatiofli 
The cost is about 6d. per mile for 1 to 2 persons, and double that for 3 or 4 perseiA. 
In Austria the tariff is higher. A moderate quantity of luggage is allowed. 

HOTELS. — ^Average charges — ^Table d'hfite, usually at one o'clock, 88.; Tea * 
Coffee, with meat, 2s.; Breakfast, Is.; Bed, 2s. 6d.; Attendance and light, Is. eadb. 
At the large hotels in the principal cities there is a second table dlidte at &lKnit 
6 p.m., at rather higher prices. Porter, extra. Guide, 4s. to 4s. 6d. a day. 

In South Germany, the table dThdte hour is about one o'clock, and the aeeoHl- 
modation is generally good and moderate. In Austria there is frequently no tMe 
d'hdte. For lees in Austria, see Bradshaw^s Continental Guide, page 496. 

N.B. — ^If you wish to be well and cheaply served, do not ask for out-of-the-way thingiL 

GENERAL DE80BIPTI0N OF GEBMANT. 

Germany, the Roman Germania, called Deutechlandhj the Germans, AUemagiw by 
the French, is in the centre of Europe, mostly between the Rhine and Vistula, frcun 
lat. AV and 58'' N., and long, C" to 20"* E. It has France, Belgium, and Holland On 
the west ; the German Ocean (North Sea), Denmark and Baltic Sea (Ost or East Sea) 
on the North; Russia, Poland, Galicia, Austria, and Hungary on the East; Switzer- 
land, the Alps, and Italy on the South. Though politically excluded from Germany 
since 1866, several of the Austrian provinces are part of Germany in English popular 
estimation, as being German in race and languap^e, and, to some extent, in customs. 

It is watered by the rivers Rhine (ancient Bhenus) now entirely German, Weser 
(Visurgisjf Elbe (S4i6ts), Vistula ffFie/cA^cZ in German), Main(l/a»iu4),Neckar,Moldau, 
and Danube {Donau in Grerman, Latin Danubius), The Main is the general boundaiy 
of North and South Germany. 

The Rhenish provinces of Prussia and Bavaria, &c., west of the Rhine, are watered 
by the M5sel, or MosSlle (MoeeUa), For the ceded provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, 
now annexed to Germany, see Bradshaw's Hand-Book to Belgium and the Rhine. 

With respect to natural features, Germany is divided into four regions. First — ^The 

jf^orHbresioii, alow sandyplaiu lyingalong the Baltic, extending inland as far as Dfissel- 

ifar/; Sanorei\ Magdeburg, Beilhif and Dresden*, t\i^ \^^^%\. ^«a\ Q\^\as;Vtluft 

forger Wald, is about 1,000 feet above the »eft. tViiX ik^^iWoiu ^1 W^^iX. ol^^ 



IISTTBODUCTION. ^UlI. 

^ljt>e is pVQ'i on tbQ other side, trees and lakes are fonnd. 2xi4 — ^The monnt^n 
region of Central Germany, including the Harz, Riesengebirge, ftc. 3rd— TJie hi^b 
land of the IJpper Danube, and of the Bphmerwald, 1,400 to 3,000 feet abpye the s^a. 
4|ih — TheTyrolese and Swiss, or Bluetian and Noric Alps, beyond <45ee Bradsh^vj'i 
Mamd-Book to Switzerkmd and Tyrol). 

The second region aboye mentioned, includes the Harz range, 3,740 feet high at the 
Brocken; various peaks up and down the Khine and Neckar, in West Germany, from 
1,500 feet at the Siebengebirge hills, near Bonn, to 4,600 feet in the Black Forest; jthe 
Spessart, Bongebirge, Thiiringer Wald, Frankenwald, and Fichtelbirge mountaioSy Qt 
Central Germany, 1,800 to 3,000 feet high; and in East G^ermany^ the Spitzberg and' 
lilienstein, in Saxon Switzerland, 1,300 feet to 2,600 feet high; the Erzgebirge range* 
and the Biesengebirge or Giants' Mountains, on the borders of Bohemia and jyiorayia 
(stretching away towards the Carpathians), of which the highest i>oint, as well as the 
highest in Germany, is the Sckn§ekoppe, 5,320 feet above sea level. In this quarter 
the great decisive battles of the war of 1866 were fought. The hills of this region 
are ehiefly granite and gneiss, with masses of basalt, tufa, and slate ; covered of teo 
with pioe forests; and producing iron, lead, silver, copper, zinc, bismuth, and other 
metals. Coal is found in East and West Germany. Bohemia abounds in valuable 
beds of coal — ^the Steinkohlen or regular coal, and the Braunkohlen or lignite ; 
the latter of which is much used in Central and North Germany. Goal is also fonnd 
in Styria and Dalmatia. Between the Khine and the Moselle are the hills of the 
Hart and Hoch Wald, in continuation of the Vosges range, 2,000 to 3,000 feet high. 
Stieler's Hand Atlas is useful for studying the geology of the country. 

The most picturesque districts are the Black Forest; the Franconian and Thuringian 
Forests ; the Harz Mountains ; Saxon Switzerland, near Dresden ; and the Bavarian 
Highlands. The Salzkammer-Gut belongs to the Tyrolese section. 

The principal Baths are Alexanderbad, Alexisbad, Baden-Baden, Briickenau, 
Cannstadt, Carlsbad, Franzensbad, Homburg, Kissingen, Kreuth, Marienbad, 
Pyrmont, Teplitz, Warmbrunn, Wiesbaden, Wildbad. Watering Places, on the 
North Sea and Baltic — Norderney, Heligoland, Kiel, Travemunde, Putbus, and 
Swinemlmde. 

Cities and places noticeable for their Architecture, Churches, and Public Buildings, 
old or modern, are — Berlin, Dresden, Leipsic, WUrzburg, Nuremberg, Ulm, 
Begensberg (Ratisbon), Augsburg, Munich, Prague, Vienna. At Liibeck, Dantzic, 

I Stendal, Brandenburg, &c., some good examples of carved brick are seen. 

I Old Free Cities andHanse Towns— Fr&nklort^ Hamburg, BT%m«l!L,\iQXi^0^wCS^*ss^.•»R.'. 

I KpDigsberg. 

f ^or /'a/aces and Coilections^B^rVm, Potsdam, "DteeAcu, Cwi^^X^'^'^^^^^^ ^^ 

^»!haU» (especially), Stnttfrarty and Vienna, 



Xxii. IKI-KODITOTIOH. 

For noticea of Heidelberg, Frankfort, Cologne, &c., see Bradakaw'§ ffamt'Book 
to Belgium and the Bhine, 

Ancient (Germany, or Germania, according to Tacitns, comprised the IngtBvmisi in 
the north, the Hermione» in the centre, and the Ittavones, Later Roman writen 
inclnde nnmerons tribes, as the Cimbri, Saxones, Chaud^ ^^^ Temiomet, in the north; 
Sigambri, Alemannij Margiy &c., on the Rhine; the Suevi (Swabians), Ch^nud, 
Bructeri, BuraundioneSf Catti^ Gothini^ &c., east and west. One of the most powerful 
of these tribes was the fferutci, or Chentsci, who, under the German cnampion 
Arminius, the ''liberator of Oermany" (at Tacitus calls him), defeated the Roman 
legions of Varus, in the year a.d. 9, in the Teutoburger Wald, at the sonree fd 
the Ems (Amisid), and Lippe (^Ltmpia). This Arminius, or Hermann^ is the faTourite 
hero of old German history ; ana is represented at some places by the He^nalMinl^ 
or Irminsaule, an armed soldier on a pillar, which became a sort of Teuton idoL 
He was finally defeated, a year or two later, by Tiberius's nephew, Csssar Germanicii% 
who obtained from these victories his surname. 

SOVEBEiaNS of the GEBMAH EMPIBB. 

The founder of the German Empire was — 

A.D. 800. Carolus Magnus, Karl der Grosse, or Charlemagne, whom the Frend 
call head of the Carlovingian line ; emperor of the Franks (in Franoonis, 
etc.)) crowned at Rome, and who reigned at Aachen, or Aix-le-Chapdle. 
He added a second head to the eagle, making the double eagle, fortho 
united empires of Germany and Rome. 

814. Louis Le Debonnaire. 

840. Lothaire L 

843. Louis n., the Germanic 

875. Charles the Bald. 

Carloman, the Bararian. 
Louis m., the Saxon. 

881. Charles the Fat. 

887. Amnlph, of Carinthia. 

889. Louis rv., the Child; the last of the Carlovingian line. From his tun^ 
the Empire became elective. 

911. Conrad I., of Franconia, head of the Saxon line. 

918. Henry I., the Fowler, (der Vogelsteller), the first Duke of Saxony. 

936. Otho I., the Great, of Saxony; who conquered Italy, and was crowned** 
Rome, 960. Henceforth the German Empire was styled the "Holy 
Romnn," the Emperor, " Kaiser" (Caesar), and the Emperor's son, ** Ki^S 
of Rome." 

973. Otho n. 

983. Otho IIL 
1002. Henry IL, the Saint. 

ya^/, Conrad JL, the Salic, or Frank (ol ¥taT\coTx\«L^. YLt <i%U.Uv%\x«d tl»^ 
Trenga Dei, or Peace of God, and VncorifOTaVt^'B^^tB^^^^* 
'• Ifearr UL, the Blnck. 



ZNTSODUCTION. XXlll. 

1056. Henry IV. He submitted to the Pope, at Canoeea, 1077. 

1 106. Henry V,, married Matilda, daughter of Henry I., of England. 

1125. Lothaire II., the Saxon. 

1138. Conrad III.,. the first of the House of Hohenstauffen, or Swabia. Henry 
the Lion, of tbe House of Wuelf^ was a candidate for the Imperial throne 
afi^ainst Conrad, who actually succeeded, and was a Hohenstauffen, of 
Weiblingen, Hence rose the war-cries of their respective partisans, 
called Guelphs and Guibelines (or Ghibelines) in Italy; where tbe 
Ouelphs came to represent the popular or Italian and Papal side, as against 
. .. Imperial and foreign influence. 

1 152. Frederick I., or Barharotsa, Tbe Hanse Towns established. 

1190. Henry VI., who sanctioned the captivity of Richard Coeur de Lion. 

1197. Philip. 

1208. Otho rV., the Proud, of Brunswick. 

1215. Frederick II. 

1250. Conrad IV., who died 1254, when the Grand Interregnum occurred ; tbe 
succession being disputed by William of Holland, Richard of Cornwall 
(brother to Henry HI., of England), and Alphonso of Castile. 

1272. Rudolph I., Count of Habsburg, or Uapshurg, founder of the Austrian line. 

1291. Adolphus, Duke of Nassau. 

1298. Albert I., of Austria. Switzerland became independent, under the half 
fabulous hero, William Tell. 

1303. Henry VII., of Luxemburg, head of the House of Luxemburg and Bavaria. 

1314. Louis v., of Bavaria. 

1347. Charles IV., of Luxemburg, King of Bohemia. In 1356 the Constitution 

of the Empire was proclaimed in the Golden Bully which regulated the 

privileges and duties of the Electoral College. The Electors were the 

Archbishops of Mainz (Mayence), Cologne, and Treves ; the King of 

Bohemia ; the Elector Palatine ; Electors of Brandenburg, Bavaria, and 

Saxony; afterwards increased by the Elector of Brunswick or Hanover 

(1692). 

1378. Wenceslas of the Lvxemburg line (deposed 1400). The Hussite Reforma- 
tion commenced. 

1400. Rupert, of Bavaria. 

1410. Jossus, of Moravia, who reigned three months. 

Ull. Sigismund, of Luxemburg, King of Bohemia. John Huss, executed by 
the Council of Constance, in spite oi X.Vv<i lE»TK^«twe% «^^^ «stA»R.\.'^ 
followed by the Wars of the Hussites. Pt\tit\TV|t vK^^^'t'fc^A^^^^ 

J437, Albert II., of Austria, of the HapsbuTg \me, _^ 

/^^. Frederick III 



XZIT. INTBOBUOTIOIC. 

1493. Maximilian I, who married Mary of Bmrgnndy. The Reformation began 
1517, imder Lather. Qermanjr divided into C^nAes^ 1 SOl-13. 

1519, Obarles y. The era of l^e fiefonnation. Proteatant League of Smalealde 

(Schmalkalden), 1531. Death of Luther, 1546. 

1556. Ferdinand L, the laat whose elecstion was confirmed bj the Pope. 

1564. Maximilian II. War with the Tnrks. 

1576. Bndolph II., the astronomer and mathematician. 

1612. Matthias. War with the Turks. 

16^9. Ferdinand II. Thirty Years' War begins; hif competitor being the 
Elector Palatine, Fred. Y. Gustavus Adoiphus killed at Lutzen, 1632. 
Wallenatein assassinated, ij6d4. 

1637. Fierdinaj^d HI. The TJiirty Ytare War ended, 1648, with the Beaf^e of 

Westphalia, and the reconstitution of the Empire. Alsace ceidad to 
France ; Pomerania to Sweden. 

1657. Leopold I. Siege of Vienna, by the Turks, 1683. The Elector of Bran- 
denburg declared first King of Prussia, as Frederick I., 1701. Batile of 
BlfiohfiUB, 1704. 

1705. Joseph L War of Spanish Suocessum, 

1711. Clhgrleii YL, the last male of the Hapsburg line. Peace of Utrecht, 1713. 
' Bis daughter, Maria Theresa, succeeded to the Austrian crown, 1740, 
and died 1780. 
1740. Charles YII., of Bavaria. 

17i5. Francis L, Duke of Lorraine, husband of Maria Theresa, and £ather of 
Marie Antoinette. Seven Years* War, with Frederick the Great, 1706-63. 

1765. Joseph II., of Hapsburg-Lorraine. Partition of Poland, 1772. 

1790. Leopold II., Duke of Tuscany, brother of Joseph n. 

1792. Francis n. ; who, in 1806, resigned the title of Emperor of Gertnatg^y and 
took the title of Francis I., Emperor of Austria, when the Confederation 
nf the Bhine was framed by Napoleon. He died 1885. 

1806. Batdeof Jena. Confederation of the Rhine, formedhjIStLyoleoJi. Elector 

of Saxony created King. 

1807. Grand Duke of Wilrtemberg created a King. 

1810-11. North Germany incorporated with France. 
1813. Battle of Leipsic. 

1815. Germanic Confederation {or Bund) established. The Elector of Hanover 

(our George III.) became King of Hanover. 

1816. First Diet of the Confederation. 
1818. ZoUverein constituted. 

l^f 8. Archduke John, Yicar of the Empire. 
1M9- King Fred. Will. I Y. of Prussia declines the Empire. 
1851. The German ^iiiuf re-est^JbHsbed. 
ysfip, Bismarck, Prussian ChAncellor or Premier* 
"*"«; The DsDneweAe taken. 



INTBODUCTION. XXT. 

c 

1864. 30 Oct, Battle of DUppel fought and the Elbe Dnchies^ t^. Scl^wig- 

Holstein, Laaenberg, and part of Jutland, occupied hj the 
Prussians and Austrians. 

1866. 15 June. Seven Week^' War begins between Prussia and Austria. 

1866. 3 July. Battle of Eoaiggratz or Sadowa. 
24 Aug. German Bund Dissolved. 

30 Aug. Treaty of Prague, with Austria, by which she a^ees to the 
dissolution of the Bund, to her exclusion from Germany, and 
to the cession of Yenetia to Italy. 

6 Sept. Hanover, Hesse-Cassel, and Frankfort, aimexed to Prussia, ^'he 
ex-King of Hanover died 1878.) 

1867. Mar., Apr. First Parliament of North Germany meets at Berlin. 

If 70. Tk^ FrctncO'Crerman Wxxr, France declared war 15th July, 1870. 

Her poliqr was to neutralise South Germany by a rapid advance 
into Hesse, oyer-nm Bhenish Prussia, seize Frankfort, march 
^ougfa Westphalia towards Hanover and Denmark (assumed 
to be friendly), and reconstruct the German Confederation ; but 
these intentions were frustrated by the hearty adhesion of 
South Germany, and the superior organisation and tactics of 
the German forces. The victories of the Crown Prince at 
Weissemberg and Worth, 4th and 6th August, were followed 
by the capitulations of Sedan, 1st September, and of Metz, 27th 
October, the' surrender of Napoleon (who was sent to Wilhelms- 
hohe), and a uniform series of German successes, ending with 

1871> 1 jfar* the occupation of Paris, Mardi 1st. King William had been 

elected German Emperor at Versailles, 18th January. A 
Treaty of Peace, signed on 10th May, provided for the cession 
of Alsace and Lorraine, within a new Franco-German boundary 
along the course of the river Seille and the Yosges mountains, 
including Metz, Strasburg, Colmar, and Mulhouse ; the pay- 
ment of five milliards of francs, or 200 millions sterling, for 
war expenses, and the occupation of seventeen departments in 
Northern France till the settlement of the indemnity. In this 
campaign the Germans took 445,769 prisoners of war (nearly 
the whole French army), 59 eagles, 20 flags, 5,817 cannon 
(1,959 from Paris), and 171 mitrailleuses. The German losses 
were 128,000. 

%7 Mar. The Emperor-King, Will. I., enters Berlin in state ; opens the 
first Imperial Keichstag on 21st ; and keeps his 75th birthday 
on 22nd. Bismarck created a Prince (Furst, not Prinz). 

19 Mar. Napoleon leaves Wilhelmshohe for Chislehurst, where he dies 
1873. 
1872. July. Jesuits expelled from Germany. About 30,000 of the inhabitants 

of Alsace take the option and retire into Fraxviie.. 
21 Nov. King of Saxony celebrates bte Oo\^%i^ ^^^eiAx^%^^"<5^ ^wt^^ 
Dec. Gaming tables at Baden-Baden, "Ems, Sl^.,^^^"^^^- 
1878. 5 Sept. France pays the balance of tlie VTidOTa^\.N\ %.xijx 

finally quit the French so\\ ow t\ve \^Xxv, 




tXYU UfTBODUCTION*^ 

1874. Id July. Attempted AseaMination of Bismarck, at KisBingen* 

1878. May and June. His life twice attempted by asaasnni. 
Jnne. Congress of Berlin. 

1879. The Emperor celebrates his Golden Wedding. 

1884. Conference of the three Emperors at Skiemieyice. 

1885. Bismarck celebrates his 70th birthday. 

1888. Frederick I. succeeded his fother, and died 1889. 

1889. William II. 

1890. Bismarck dismissed. 

1891. Death of Moltke. 

THE NEW GEBHAN EMPIRE, 

Which was finally constituted 4th May, 1871, consists of the States mentioned 
below; baring a total Population of 49( millions, and an Area of 212,850 souare 
English miles. About l€Ht millions and 46,000 square miles belong to the South 
German States ; and 1,564,855 population, and 6,250 square miles to the ceded pro- 
Tinces of Ahace and Lorrain». Austria, now shut out, brought a German speaking 
population of nine millions to the old Bund. Of the total 49| millions in the Empire 
(1890), 81 were Protestants, 17^ Catholics, and 568,000 Jews. The national colours 
are black, white, and red. 

/. States of the Empire. Population (1890). 

1. Kingdom of Prussia and Lauenburg 29,957,867 

2. „ Bavaria .5,594,982 

3. „ Saxony 3.502,684 

4. ., Wurtemberg 2,036,522 

5. Grand Duchy of Baden 1,657.867 

6. „ „ Hesse 992,883 

7. „ „ Mecklenburg-Schwerin 578,342 

8. „ „ Saxe-Weimar 326,091 

9. 5, „ Mecklenburg-Strelitz 97,978 

10. „ „ Oldenburg 854,968 

11. Duchy of Brunswick 403,773 

12. „ Saxe-Meiningen 223,832 

13. „ Saxe-Altenburg 170,864 

14. „ Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 206,513 

15. „ Anhalt 271,963 

1 6. Principality of Sch warzbur^-Rudolstadt 85,863 

17. „ Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen 75,510 

18. „ Waldeck 57,281 

19. „ Reuss (older line) 62,754 

20. „ Reuss (younger) 119,811 

21. ,, Schaumburg-Lippe 39,163 

22. „ Lippe 128,495 

23. City-Republic of Lubeck 76,485 

24. „ „ Bremen 180,443 

25. „ „" Hamburg 622,580 

2a A}3acQ /E}sass) and Lorraine (Lothringen) \,i>0^,SQ^ 

Total CisSn) 4e,840,n87 Total 0^^^ A^^'i^M'^ 



IMTRODUCTIOK. XXYU. 

il. States Annexed to Prussia are—- 
Kingdom of Hanover. 
Electorate of Hesse-Cassd. 

Duchy of Nassau, and > now constituting the province of Hesse- 

Landgraviate of Hesse-Homberg, > Nassau. 

Free City of Frankfort. 

Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein, formerly held by the King of Denmark. 
m. South Gehmamt consists of the following states, south of the Birer Main, with 
a total population of 10 millions (as above) — 
KUigaom of Bavaria. 
Kingdom of Wiirttemberg. 
Grand Duchy of Baden. 
Grand. Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt. 
The Duchy of Luxemburg and of Limburg, held by the King of Holland, ceased to 
be a member of the Confederation upon its dissolution, 1867. In Germany, 
^'Fursten" are princes; and Frinzen are heads or cadets or younger sons of 
princely houses, or sons of Kings. 
I V. Bopulation of Chief Towns (1890) :— 

Berlin 1,679,244 Leipsic 353,272 [ Danzig 120,439 

Hamburg.. 323,923 Cologne 281,273 Strassburg 123,499 

Konigsberg 161,628 | Chemnitz 138,955 

Magdeburg 202,325 | Nuremberg 142,403 



Breslau 385,174 

Munich 348,317 

Dresden 276,085 

Elberf eld-Barmen. 242,078 
Frankfort 179,850 



[Vienna 1,364,548 

Budapest 506,384 

Prague 184,109] 



Hanover 165,499 

Stuttgart 139,659 

Bremen 125,6S4 

V. Elsass (Alsace) and Lothringen (Lorraine), with a population of 1,603,506 (1890), 
and an area of 5,800 square miles, now form a province annexed to Germany. 
Strassburg is the capital. Its revenue when part of France was 3^ millions 
sterling. Chief towns are Strassburg (pop. in 1890, 123,499), Muhlhausen 
(76,968), Metz (60,194), Colmar (30,399). About 11 millions sterling were 
deducted from the indemnity of £200,000,000 paid by France, on account of 
102 German miles of railway handed over. The official language in all cases is 
German. 
VI. — The Constitution is based on that of the former Confederation of the North ; 
and under it the States are represented by a Reichsrath of 58 delegates, 17 
being from Prussia, and a Reichstag of 397 members, of whom 236 are Prussian. 
The general affairs of the Army and Navy, Finances, Commerce, Railways, Posts, 
and Telegraphs arc regulated by Committees. The Emperor is General-in-Chief. 
On a peace footing the Army (1891) is fixed at 491.955 men (20,440 officers), with 
98,900 horses; divided into 173 Infantry regiments of 3 battalions each, and 
93 Cavalry regiments of 5 squadrons each, with 19 battalions of ch&ssft.<QS%^ 'ksA. 
43 regiments of artillery. It can be rused to ^^ mVJXwTx \ftfcw\i^^«. ^^«^>RSfc.N5 
ohUgAtory on every one— 3 years in the Atmy, 4 \ti \\ift^^*«tN-<fe>'5»\xw>i^x«5^^^^^*^'^ 
or 12 years in all The Navy oomint oi 7ft alcwaei^, ^^ \i^\^'». Vt^fv-^ 



XZTlil. INTRODUCTION. 

ZoUyerein, or Castoms Union, covers nearly the whole empire. There are 3,594 
merchant ships, of 1,320,720 tons, belonging to the (German ports. WilheUnshafeii 
is a large and growing Naval port, in the North Sea, provided with docks, basins, 
workshops, and barracks; and Kiel and Danzig are Naval ports in the Baltic. 
There is a Naval school for the snpplj of cadets at Hamburg. All the works are made 
in Germany; and German coal is used. The Post-0£Bce monopoly, formerly held by 
the Prince of Thum and Taxis, was bought up. The Railway system, taking 
in the Anstro-Hungarian Empire, is shown in HendscheVi Telegraph (Ger- 
man), or by the German, Prussian, and neighbouring sections, in Bradshaufs 
Continental Guide, About 27,000 miles in the German Empire were in work, 1891. 
The revenue of the Empire, in 1891, was 55 millions sterling, mainly from taxes 
on tobacco, spirits, sugar, salt, customs, post-office, &c. Debt, 62 millions. 

Decorations. — The German States have above 300 orders and decorations (116 in 
Prussia) ; or four times more than all the rest of Europe. Titles are very common. 

In South Germany it is polite to call every well-dressed man "Herr von " ; aiiJi 

every woman ** Fran ton * ; and every lady is addressed " Gnadige Frau. " 

PBUSSIA. 

The progress of Prussia, now the paramount state in Germany, is shown by the 
following figures: — ^At the death of Frederick 11.(1471), its area was 726 square 
Grerman miles; at the death of Frederick the Great (1786), 3,540 square Gernxaxi 
miles; and in 1890, 6,395 square German miles, or 137,000 square English miles; 
with 30 miUions of population, of whom one-seventh were annexed in 1866. Of 2S^ 
(in. 1885) 18i millions were Protestants, 9^ Eoman Catholics; 23^ are GeimaA- 
q»eaking ana 32 Polish. Revenue (1891), 79| millions; debt, 239 mUlioiui. 

The succession of Prussian Sovereigns is as follows : — 

Elbctobb of Bsandenburg. 
1417 I^ederickL 

1440 Frederick 11., of the Iron Teeth. 
1471 Achilles. 
I486 John Cicero. 
1499 Joachim (Nestor) I. 
1535 Joachim (Hector) II. 
1571 John George. 



1598 Joachim Frederick. 

1608 John Sigismund. 

1619 George William. 

1640 Frederick William, the Great 

Elector. 
1688 Frederick m., who became King 

1701, as Frederick I. 



Kings of Pbussia. 



1701 Frederi(?k I. (formerly Elector 
Frederick III). 



1799 Frederick William III. 
1840 Frederick William IV. 



1713 Frederick William I. 1861 William I., elected (zcrwan-Einpcror 

1740 Frederick II., the Great. j at Versailles, 18th January, 

1786 Frederick William 11. I 1871. 

Leaving the political divisions. North Germany consists of Oldenburg, Hanover, 

Brunswick, Bremen, Holstein, Hamburg, Liibeck, Mecklenburg, and Prussia, including 

J3!raadenhxLTg, Pomerania, and Silesia. 

^^^ira/ ^^many. — Bhenish Prussia and Bavaria, A\sa.c^ a.ii'i TjCiTxaiwe (see Brad" 

f^^antf'J^ooJt ^o Belgium and tha iJAineJ, TJ^aasaw, Hea^^-TiwtTasX^^X., \a^\%. 

Hesse-CasBel, 8chwsazhjxr%, Beuss, AnUaVt, wi^^w^<>xv^^ 



INTBODVOTtON. JOdX, 

Sd^th GtmcAiy, — Wiirttemberg and Bavaria. Under the new arrangement, 
Liclttefist^ and Aiistria are excluded from the Germany of the present daj. 

As A general role, North and Central Germany are Protestant; Sonth G^ermany \% 
CBthoHe. About 565,000 are Jews. 

Tfaa Ten Curdu of which the old Empire was composed (as constituted 1501-13), 
ineliiding SOO to 400 independent dukes, counts, barons, prelates, were — 1, Austria; 
2, Burgundy QBelgium, Luxemburg, etc.): 3, Prussia and Pomerania; 4, Westphalia; 
5, Electoral Khine (Cologne, Mainz, the ralatinate); 6, Upper Rhine (Hesse Cassell; 
7, SwaWa (Wftrtemberg and Baden); 8, Franconia (Bamberg, Wiirzburg, Baireuth, 
aad Nuremberg) ; 9, Lower Saxony (Magdeburg and Holstein); 10, Upper Saxony 
(from Anhalt to Pomerania). 

These old names are recognised in Ernst Moritz Amdt's song — 

Was ist des Deutschen Yaterland? 
Isf s Pireussenkmdf Ist's Schwabenlandf 
Ist's, wo am Mhein die Rebe bltiht? 
Ist's, wo am Belt die Move zieht? 

OneinI neini neini Sein Yaterland muss grosser sein, 

Sein Yaterland muss grosser seiiu 

Was ist des Deutschen Yaterland? 
Ist's Baierkmdt ist's Steierktndf 
Gewiss ist es das Oesterreichf 
An Sieg.en und an Ehren reich? 

O neini neini nein! &c., &c. 

Was ist des Deutschen Yaterland? 
Ist's Pommerlandf Westohalenlandf 
Ist's, wo der Sand der iHinen weht? 
Ist's, wo die Donau brausend geht? 
Onein! neini neini &c.,&c. 

Was ist des Deutschen Yaterland ? 
So nenne mir das grosse Land. 
Ist's Land der Schweizer? ist's Tyrol? 
Das Land und Yolk gefiel mir wohl. 

Doch neini neini neini &c., &c. 

Was ist des Deutschen Yaterland ? 

So nenne endlich mir das Land. 

*^ So weit die deutsche Znnge klingt 

Und Gott im Himmel Lieder singt", 

Das soil es sein, das soil es sein I 

Das, wackrer Deutscher, nenne dein, das nenne dein. 

Das ganze Deutschland soil es sein. 
O Qott Tom Himmel sieh' darein ! 
Und gieb uns achten deutschen Muth 
Dass wir es lieben trea und ^t.. 

Das soU es sein, dus %oW ^% %^\n\ 

jDm ganze DeutAebliKnd. imAV ^% ^^Nsu 



IKtBODUCTIOff. 



Litirature. — <* German literature (says De Quincey), for vast compasi, variety, and 
extent, far exceeds all others as a de[K>sitory for the current accnmulations of 
knowledge." One proof of this is the number of books published every year, com- 
pared with the annual product of France or England. In 1890, 18,875 new works 
(including those published in Austria and Switzerland) were issued. Its intellectual 
activity is diffused over the whole territory, not concentrated in one great capital; 
owing to the fraternal rivalry of several independent German-speaking States. 
One conspicuous feature is its great " originality and boldness of speculation, and 
the character of masculine austerity and precision impressed upon their scientific 
labours by the philosophy of Leibnitz and Wolff heretofore, and by the severer 
philosophy of modem days." Luther*s Bible appeared 1530. Some of the leading 
writers since that date are Leibnitz (died 1716), Lessing (1781), Burger (1794), 
Herder (1808), Schiller (1805), Wieland (1813), Jean Paul Richter (1825), Voss 
(1826), Hegel (1831), Goethe (1832), A. W. Schlegel (1845), Tieck (1853), Heine 
(1856), Ranke (1887). 



Of the commonest German words occurring as Names of Places, Signs of Inns, fie, 
with their signification. (See also Vocabulary of Phrases, at the end of the Special 
Edition of Bradshaw*t Continental GuideJ) 



(OBRMAK.) 


(BNOLISH.) 


(OBBMAM.) 


(BKOLISH.) 


Adler 


Eagle 


Eiche 


Oak 


Alt 


Old 


Engd 


Angel 


Anlage 


Pleasure ground 


Esel 


Donkey 


Au 


Meadow, Glade 


Falke 


Falcon 


Aussicht 


View 


Fall 


Fall 


Bach 


Brook 


Feld 


Field 


Bad 


Bath, Watering place 


Fels 


Rock 


Bar 


Bear 


Flache 


Plain 


Baum 


Tree 


Flecken 


Hamlet 


Berg 


Hill, Mountain 


FlUgel 


Wing 


Bett 


Bed 


Fluss 


River 


Blume 


Flower 


Forst 


Forest 


Brod 


Bread 


Fuhrer 


Guide 


Brunnen 


Fountain 


Fuss 


Foot 


Brticke 


Bridge 


Garten 


Garden 


Burg 


Fortress 


Gasthof 


Inn 


Damm 


Pam 


Gebaude 


Building 


2?enkmaJ 


Monumtnt 


Gau 


District 


Darr 


Village 


Ge\nTg« 


MiOUTLtAiua 




Wild Boar 


I Oeplkck 


"^^ES^^^ 





tXTMODOCTlOlf.^ 




(«iiitAir.> 


(Eraim.) 


(OIRXAX.) 


(BNOLISa.) 


Graben 


Diteh 


Manster 


Minster 


Gross 


Great 


Neu 


New 


Graft 


Yanltt Cavern 


Nieder 


Lower 


Gnmd 


Ground, Glen 


Ober 


Over 


Gnt 


Good, Estate 


Ochs 


Ox 


Hans 


House 


Ort 


Place 


Hecht 


Pike 


Pass 


Pass, Passport 


Hettig 


Holy, Saint 


Pfad 


Path 


Her»^ 


Duke 


Pfarr-dorf 


Parish 


Himmel 


Heaven 


hans 


Parsonage 


Hinter 


Hinder 


Pferd 


Horse 


Birsch 


Stag 


Platz 


Place, Square 


Hoeh 


High 


Quelle 


Spring 


Hof 


Court, Farm 


Rabe 


Raven 


Hohe 


Height 


Riese 


Giant 


Hohle 


Cave 


Ross 


Horse 


Uolz 


Wood 


Roth 


Red 


Horn 


Horn 


Saal 


Saloon 


Hugel 


Hill 


Salz 


Salt 


Hund 


Dog 


Sand 


Sand 


Hutte 


Hut (ChAlet) 


Schloss 


Castle, Palace 


Keller 


Cellar 


Schlucht 


Gorge 


Kellner 


Waiter 


Schnee 


Snow 


Kirche 


Church 


Schwann 


Swan 


Klein 


Little 


Schwarz 


Black 


Klippe 


Rock, Cliff 


Schwert 


Sword 


Kloster 


Mooasterj 


See 


Lake 


KoDig 


King 


Silbcr 


Silver 


Kopf 


Head 


Spitze 


Peak, Point 


Krenz 


Cross 


Sprung 


Leap 


Krone 


Crown 


Stadt 


Town 


Loch 


Hole 


Stein 


Stone 


Lowe 


Lion 


Stern 


Star 


Luft 


Air 


Stock 


Stick 


Markt 


Market 


Storch 


Stork 


Mauer 


Wall 


Strasse 


Street, Road 


Moos 


Moss, Moor 


SluYA 


^i^X^^\a^ 


UMe 


Mill 


\ StundQ 


"Ba^ox 



XXX] 



xxxTl. 






IVTBODUOTION. 




(QSBMAN.) 

Tag 
Tanne 


(BKOfillA.) 

Day 

Pine 






(GBRMAN.) 

Vieh 
Vorder 


(BMaUMT.) 

Cattle 
Fore, Frohlf 


Teich 
Teufel 


Pond 
Devil 




i 


Wagen 
VVald 


Carriage, Cart 
Forest • 


Thai 
Thier 


Valley 
AnimftI 




r 


Wallfahrt 
Wasser 


Filgrlmagv 
Water 


Thurm 
Traube 
Trinkgeld 


Cluster of Grapes 
(Pourboire, " drink-mDn^/*) 
' Money given to Guides, 
Servants, &e. 


Weg 

Wein 

Weiss 

Wiese 

Wild 


Way r 

Wvm 

White 

Mea^bow 

Wild. 


Ueber 


• Above 






Wirthshaus 


Inn I 


Unter 


Under 




4 




I 



PRONUNCUTION OF GERMAlT. 



I. 



The vowels are proftounced nearly ks in French, except n, wht<$, when loi 
English ^<oo/* and wh^ s&ort, is soimded as in *< butcher'' and a wMcfa when dt 
broader andt thicker than the Freadh or English short " i* ** :-^ 

eu is English *^csf' 



a is English <^a" &i fate: 

au 



an 
ei 






**QW" 



(t 



01 



it 



<{j»» 



ie 




» 


. "e 


" long 


• • 




.IS 


like 


"i" in 


fir 


• • 

n 




)) 


French 


"u" 



long 

I 

h, after a vowel, lengthens it. 

b, d, at the end of a syllable or word, are pronounced respectively p and t ; c, JS 
cn, a strong guttural, softened and semi-sibilant after e, i, ie, a, and & ; chs, ^ 
g after e and^ijlike a combination of ch and sch ; j, like y ; s, at the begii 
like z, at the end ss ; sch, like sh ; v, like f ; w. nearly like v ; z, like ts, — wit^ 
exceptions, the consonants are nearly as in English. 

The accent, in dissyllables, is usiially on the penultimate ; in stpatable verbs 
their derivatives, it is on the first syllable — e.g, ab'nehmen. 



BRADSHAWS 

HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. 



SECTION L— NORTH GERMANY. 

PRUSSIA, HANOVEB, OLDENBURG, MECELENBUBO,BEUNSWI0K, 
HOLSTEIN, POMEBANIA. P08EN, SILESIA, &c. 



BERLIN. 

The capital of Prussia, and of the new Oerman 
Empire. Population (Dec., 1890), 1,579,244, with 
the enyirons. 

HOTSLS.— Royal, a first-rate hotel for all classes 
of travellers; excellent English cuisine. 

Hotel Kaiserhof, vast, first-class hotel, well 
dtoated, deservedly recommended. Lord Beacons- 
field's residence at the Congress of 1878. 

Central Hotel, fachig the Central Station, Fried- 
richstrasse. 

Monopol Hotel, situated opposite the station, 
Friedrichstrasse. See Advt. 

Hotel de Russie, excellent first-class hotel, well 
reeommended. 

Hotel de Rome, one of the largest and best 
hotels in the capital. 

Hotel de TEurope, Taubenstr., 16, fine situation; 
moderate charges; English and French spoken. 

Hotel d'Angleterre, Place an der Bauacademie, 
situated in the finest part of the town. 

Hotel Continental; St. Petersburg; Grand- 
Hotel; du Pare; du l^Iord; Meinhardt's; Imperial; . 
Linden; Adler; Kronprinz; Saxe; Magdeburg; 
Zemikow, Ac. 

Pension Kahm, 97, Zimmerstrasse. 

Bbstaukant: Bauer, in Unter den Linden, 26. 

Dboschkiss: 1 or 2 persons, in 2nd class carriage, 

M pf . for i hour ; for ^ hour, 1 mk. ; 1 hour, 2 mks.; 

forMIbs. luggage, 26 pf. In lat class carriage, for 

/ Aoar, J mk. ; for every i hour after, 60 pf. From 



/ 



the stations, 25 pf. more. Double fare from 11 
p.m. to 7 (summer) or 8 (winter) a.m. At the exit 
from the railway stations an official (Schutzmann) 
hands the traveller a ticket with the number of a 
droschky on it, and theporter(GepftcktrSger)take8 
the packages to the vehicle, receiving 25 pf . for 
one package, with proportionate reduction for a 
number. In the cabs, 221b. is allowed free ; up to 
551b., 25 pf.; up to 1101b., 50 pf., and so on ; dogs, 
25 pf. 

Privatb Cabriaobs : 12 to 20 marks per day ; 
half-day slightly dearer. Trinkgeld: 1 to 2 marks. 

Omnibusbs ply from one end of the city to the 
other, and also from the suburbs to places 8 or 
4 miles off. Fares average 10 and 20 pf. Tbax- 
WATS (Pferdebahn): Ticket received from the 
conductor must be kept to the end of the journey. 
Get in and out on the right side. Stbaxbbs to 
Stralau, Potsdam, and Spandau. 

The Stadtbahn (city railway), on arches, runs 
through the town from east to west, and is in 
connection with the Ringbahn which runs round 
the city, uniting all the stations. (The Pferds* 
Ringbahn is a tramway). 

Public Wobship : St. George's English Church, 
in the Monbijou Park. American Congregational 
Chapel, Junkerstrasse. 

Post-Office: 60, KSnigsstrasse, and 19 to S2« 
Spandauerstraa8e,2ft ViWJLt%ttQiOkVftxAss^. 

night, and at a\\ tW%^o^X-^^« ^^>^t^««« 
\ wire* to tYvft fpcftat t<y«tA, 



BfiABSHA^IV^fl ILLtStRAT£t) 



11 



il'ii 



i 



tH.: 



•;. 






Itinerary Routes fRoM Berlin: For list of i 
those, to principal places in Europe, see Brad- ■ 
ihaw's Continental Quide. \ 

Theatres: Oi)eu generally at 6 30. Opera House 
in the Linden. Royal SchauspieHiuus^ In Scliiller 
Platz. Deutsches Tlieater, Schumann-strasse ; 
Berliner Tlieatert Charlotten-strasse. 

Public Gardens : all near the Thiergarten. 

Sights and Objects of Notice in and around 
Berlin — (a small fee for some). For proper days 
and times, sfee the " Tagstelegraph," or *' Berliner 
Fremdenblatt," at the caf^s. N.B.— The worths of 
kiuilbachf Bauch, and Schnorr are to be 8e«ni at 
Berlin. 

Daily : Charlottenburg Mausoleum, Royal Palace, 
Zoological Gardens, and most other collections. 

Sunday: The Old and New Royal Museum, of 
pictures, engravings, sculpture, antiquities, &c. 
Bang Sottci Fountains (and on Thursdays). 

Monday: Count Redem's Picture Gallery 
(Gem&ldegalcrie). The National Gallery of 
kodern Pictures (1 to 8). The other Royal 
Museums (tre not ojten on Monday. Zoological 
tttusdum, in the IJniversity. 

fuesday: The Ravcnd Gallery, Landwirth- 
schaftliches Museum (Agricultural Museum). 

TfedttMdfay; Sternwarte ,(0bseryatory)4 ^eng- 
haus (Arsenal) ; Christian Museum. 

Thurtday: Post Office Museum; Landwirih- 
sohaftliches Museum; Botanical Museum; Beuth- 
Sobinkel Museum, in thJe Technitehe Hoicbschttle 
at Oharlottenburg. 

Friday: Raven^ Picture Gallery. 

Saturday : Sternwarte, Royal Museum, Minera- 
logical Museum, at the Museum fUr Natnrkunde. 

Other Sights arc Markisches Museum; Kunst- 
Qewerbe Museum (Applied Arts); Borse, or 
Exchange; Royal Foundry (Eisengiesscrei); Renz 
Circus; House of Lords (Herrenhaus), in lieip- 
ziger-strasse, next the Parliament House of the 
German Reichstag; near it is the Deputies' House 
(Ab^eordnctenhaus) ; Invalidenhaus (^itary 
kospital); ^ammergericht or Supreme ip^'urt, 
^.inden-strasse; War' Office (Kriegsminlsterium), 
Lei^zilgcr-strasse; Sd[ar)|:et House, Karrs-strasse; 
Royal Mews (MarstSUe); Royal ]{iint ^BJfjinze); 



Royal Porcelain Factory; Rau« 
Academy of Music; Tumhalle (G 
Prinzen-strasse ; Cellular Prison (Z 
niss); Brandenburg Gate; Thierj 
other Parks ; Statue of Victory, in K 
Hagen's bronze Fountain of Fras 
erected 1877. 

Public Monuments (Denkmaler) : F 
Great, by Ranch, in Untcr den Linden 
William III. (the emperor's father), b] 
the Louisa monument, by Ranch, in 
garten. Another of the sanie kin^ 
horseback, facing (he Schloes. Tha Q\ 
Frederick ^il\iam, on the Lange bridf 
Monument of i813-l(^, on the Rreuz>)e 
Botanical Gardens. Heroes of the S 
War, Wilhelms-platz. Bliicher, Ac 
Arsenal. Graf von Brandenburg, od 
platz. Schiller (1871), in Schiller-p 
work, by Professor Begas, supports 1 
Poetry, Tragedy, History, and PhiloS' 
comers. Monument to the Guards -Wh 
The Amazon dnd Tiger, in the Musei 
The Friedenss&ule, or Peat^e Colum 
Alliance Platz ("Belle Alliance" Is t 
name for Waterloo). On the Hasenl 
bronze statue of Father Jahn (1872), tta 
the German Tumvereinc or Gymnast 
He looks towards the Turn Platz, (x 
ground, and is supported by an artifi 
rock work, made of stones, sent fjrom t 
towns of Germany, and inscribed 
names. In Schinkel-Platz are statues 
Thaer, and Beuth. For the Column 
(Siegesdenkmal), see page 4. 

Berlin, the capital of the Prussiai 
and, after the events of 1866, of the N( 
Confederation, and now of the Gemuu 
constitute4 1871, is the growing cei 
man trade and industry. It is bui 
sandy plain, on both sides of the Spi 
feet broad), near the Havel, and ov* 
the Kreuzberg ffiU^ about 100 feet 
population in the year 1700 was 
Under the Tf^^l^^ name of B^^ 
tlvated,'* it was originally a small vil 
I with a neif[hbouring ofie called Koln, 
I founded i)y Alibert il., in 3^296. T 



^rfuDu] HAXD-BOOK TO a^BMANT. — BEHLIIC. 8 

S^bss was begun about 1451 by the Electors . of Victory holds a wreath, and stands on eUfhi 
^~"" ibwg, w)u> from that time resided ! eagles. 

it has greatly _ 

^e ^ranga^nb uyg a^ta, f ^t^^i^^ 

^ '}biptbcql41|li|c|i^ 

■ dpi, Lituim (Undar 

beautiful buUdUigs, 

le trees which fpinn 

)n either side are foot 

AtotheRoyalPaUce 

P right is the palac4 

44 Florentine styles 

Religious Instruction 

At the comer of 

fr Oalfirie^ or Arcade.' 

B the Directory of the 

Office, the Aquarium, 

nrith the normal clo<dL 

I Palaoe; and at the. 

t Uniyersity Buildings. 

Iter den Linden is the 

re, in which' are the 

ee, BoyalUbrary, St. 

Jeof KaiaerWihelml., 

be UniTeraJty stands 

ian bronze Statue •^ 

>f the finest in Berlin. 

ptal are life-size, and' 

leading military men 

Ime, who served in the 

igures of his ministers, 

•aun, and Kant. On ft 

ses of 80 soldiers of the 

8 artists, statesmeft, Ac. 

8 feet high. 

square forms the Pia^ 

right of which is tjie^ 

ederick. An arcade con- 

lace of t^ie Princess^H, 

are the King's ^ua^ 

d the marble Statues of 

ind BtUow, by BaucJn,. 

ze statue of Blficber (djed 

sisenau and Yorlc, all l^. 




»»Al>SHAMr*S iLLUSTRATfiO V . 

ITISERART Routes ^noit Berlin: For list of i p i « ^^^ 

those, to vrinclval ul. ^^JjU^rj — - - 7^"^ Porcelain Factory} Hauch-Afuse, 
s/iaw's Continental Ou^^^'^l^ ^^^^^^mmmm^f^g^g^^^^^j^^^j^jiMaj^i^^^gm^g^^^^^^^ 

TifBATBEs; 0\ie\\ g^ ^ 
in the Linden. Royal 
Platz. Deutsches 
Berliner Theater, Cla^^r 
Public Gabdens: ^■- 

SlQHTS AND ObJEO*^ 

Berlin— (a small fee ^J 
and times, sfee the '"X**^ 
Fremdenblatt," at tl»^ 
kaulbach, Banch, a: 
Berlin. 

i)ai/y: Ctiarlottenb 
Zoological Gardens, 

Sunday: The Old ^ 
pictures, engravings* 
Sans Souci FoantalQ^ 

Monday: Count 
(Qemaldegalerie). Ol 
ifodern Pictures (L 
Museums are not o^ 
Bluseum, in the IJniv* 

Tuesday : The R9 
schaftliches Museum 

Wednesday: Stemf* 
haus (Ai'seual) ; Cbri 

Thursday: Post O 
8o)iaftliches Museum: 
Sobinkel Museum, in 
at; Gharlottenburg. 

Friday: Raven€ P 

Saturday: Stemwi 
lo^cal Museum, at ti 

Qthes Sights are } 
Qewerbe Museum ( 
Exchange; Royal Foi 
Circus; House of L- 
zi^er-strasse, next tl 
German Reichstag; r 
(Ab^eordncteuhan 
fiospital); ^ 
^inden-strasse 
tieipziger-stru 
Royal 3fews 




I - 



t 



rMn.3 



BAKD-BOOK TO a^EHMANT. — BEHLIN. 



8 



»i was 



hegun about 1451 by the Electors 
['l^&ndenbarg, wbo from that time resided 
Basing tba last IfiO years it has greatly 
picreased in extent and importance, and is now 
of the handsomest cities in Europe, havinpr 
ig wide streets, with many Grecian buildings in 
It is 15 miles in circumference. The old 
rails, removed 1868, were 16 feet high, and had 
gates. It contains 32 squares and markets, 500 
[streets, Ac ; 300 public buildings, and 43 bridges, 
[icing on a dead flat, the drainage is bad; but 
IUm sewer system has been applied to remedy this, 
jit a cost of two millions sterling. It was first 
lighted with gas in 1826. The population was 
foriderly crowded into flats in a comparatiyely« 
snudl number of houses, four storeys high ; and 
there are few parks or squares in the city; but a 
Oircalar BaUwajf (Ringbahn), 33 miles long, round 
the dty, connecting with the lines outside, gires 
the inhabitants the same facilities for liying as 
are enjoyed in London, and the death-rate has 
been considerably lowered. 

Oateg (Thor, pi. Thore).— The most celebrated is 
the Brander^urg Gate (Brandenburger Thor), built 
after the model of the Fropylse^im at Athens, by 
Schadow, and leading to the Thiergarton. On t 
is ^ Yictory cast in copper, by Jury. The four 
horses on the car are 12 feet high. The French 
carried this work ol art to Paris in 1807, but it was 
brought back by the Prussians in 1814. The gate 
was eonatmcted by Langhans, 1789-92, for Fred- 
erick William II., and cost more than half a mil- 
lion of thalers. It is on twelve Doric columns, 
and ha4 reliefs of the fight with the centaurs and 
of the Margrave Albert capturing a standard at 
KUremburg. Its breadth is 205 feet, and its 
height, witji the Victory, 85 feet. Outside the 
Brandenburger Thor the new Column of Victory 
{q{ grey sandstone) in KSnigs Platz, erected 1873, 
to com^memorate the battles of 1866-71, is 195 feet 
high ; of wbl<4i there are 100 feet for the column, 
and 48 feet for the statue. The base is 03 feet 
sguare, surrounded with reliefs of the storming 
of Dflpiiel (Denmark), the battles of KiSniggf&iz 
(Austria)', and Sedan (France), the entry into 
F'ar^a, an4 ^e retam io Berliii. A Ball In the base 
is cpyerad with mosaics in metal from guns taken 
in penm^k,' Aiu^jrii^ and France. The gilt statue 



of Victory holds a wreath, and stands on eight 
eagles. ' 

From the Brandenburg Qate, a ^tm4ri^^ 

called thePari8er-Platz(inwhich is theoidJlVUcIl^ 
Palace), leads into the Unter dpi Linden (Under 
the Limes), remai-kablc for its beautiful building's, 
and for the four rows of lime trees which form 
the middle of the promenade. On either side are foot 
and carriage ways. Its length to the Royal Palace 
is about li mile. No. 1 on the right is the palac4 
of Count Bedem, in the solid Florentine style; 
beyond arc t\ye Ministry of Religious Instruction 
and the; Russian Embassy. At the corner of 
Friedrich-strasse is the Kaiser Galerie, or ArcadeJ 
On the left of the Linden are the Directory of the 
Kriegs-Akademie, the Home Office, the Aquarinm, 
and the Academy buildings with the normal cloidL 
Opposite is the Niederland Palace; and at the 
comer of the Opemplatz, the University Buildings. 

At the east end of the Unter den Linden is the 
Opern-platz, a noble square, in which* are the 
University, the Opera House, Royal Library, 8f. 
Hedwig's Church, the Palace of Kaiser Wihelm I., 
Sue. Between this and the University stands 
Ranch's splendid equestrian bronze Statue «>! 
Frederick the Great, one of the finest in Berlin. 
The groups on the pedestal are life-size, and' 
include ^gures of the leading military men 
of the Great Frederick's time, who served in the 
Seven Years' War; also figures of his ministers, 
as well as of Lesslng, Orann, and Kant. On it 
are also inscribed the names of 80 soldiers of the 
time of Frederick, besides artists, statesmen, Ac. 
The whole monument is 43 feet high. 

A continuation of this square forms the PJatz 
am Zeughaus, on the right of which is t^ie 
palace of the Empress Frederick. An arcade con- 
nects this with the palace of the Princesses. 
Opposite on the left are the King's Giiu<d 
House, the Arsenal, and the marble tStattiee at 
Generals Schamhorst and Billow, by Ranch,- 
accompanied by the bronze statue of Blticjier (died 
1819^, and those of Gneisenau and York, all Iff- 
Ranch. Behind the Guard House, in the ChestnuU 
g^ve, are two colossal mortars and a^ laxye cannon, 
taken from the French. 



fiRADBHAW'B ILLUSTBATSD 



Patting the Commandant nr we come to the 
OehlosM-Midtt (Palace Bridge), over the Spree, 
with itt fine catt-iron balnttrade and ttatne of the 
Great Elector. Here are eight groupt of marble 
llgaret of the goddetset of Vlctorjr. The bridge it 
to broad that teven carriaget can patt eatily tide 
by tide. 

Crotting thit bridge to Schlott-platz, on the 
right It the 8eMa$$ or Ropal Castle, with itt new 
domed chapel. Before at it the Cathedral, and on 
the left it the Luttgarten, and the Old Mntenm 
oommnnicating behind by an arcade with the New 
Mntenm. In the middle of the Lnttgarten it a 
Fountain, throwing np water 40 feet high, by 
■team power. Before the Mntenm ttandt a colottal 
granite batin, in one piece, 33 feet in diameter. 
An equettrian Statue of Frederick William III. 
wat placed here 1871. 

From the Brandenburg Gate the KSnigg^tzer- 
■tratte leadt to the Potsdam Oate^ and the 
Leipziger-platz, with the handtome Leipziger- 
■tratte. The large building on the right it the 
RiiehMtagM'Oebdude^ or Imperial Diet Hon^e; 
next to which it the War OgUe^ with the Statue 
of Von Wrangel, opposite the Statue of Count 
Brandenbcrg. 

Crotting thit ttreet it Wilhelm-ttratte, leading 
to Wilhelms-platz; in which are the bronze ttatnet 
of Prince Leopold of Anhalt Dettan, and Gen. 
Zeiten, by Schadow, and the other faeroet of the 
Sspem Tears* War, Schwerin, Keith, Winterfeldt, 
and Seydlitz, all in white marble. Thit ttreet 
eontaint teveral Palacet and Public bnildingt. 

In the tqnare are the Foreign Office^ and the 
ancient Palace of the Order of the Knightt of St. 
John, now the retidence of Prince Frederick 
Leopold. It it fitted up by Schinkel, and eontaint 
a fine collection of armour, Ac, which may be 
teen. In Wilhelm-ttratte it alto the Palace of 
Prince Albert of Pruttia, decorated by Schinkel. 

From thit we past on to DSnhoff-platt, with itt 
ttone obelisk; from which all dlstancet by post 
were anciently meatured. Oppotite the House 
of the Prutsian Deputies (Abqeordneten Haus) it 
Baron Von Stein*t ttatue. Further on are the 
'^^/mJ Obnrch Mnd the Spital Market, the chief 
joMTkei of Berlin. Near Ifere, ia Wall. 

•* ^' JiMrea^, Picture QMery, ' 



fSec. 1. 

The Ankalt Gate, near terminus of the Berlin 
and Anhalt railway, and Anhalt-stratae, are both 
new. 

The ffaUesehe Oats it on the touth tide of Belle 
Attumee Plats, in which it a column of Peace, 60 
feet high. From thit tquare the Wilhelmt, Linden, 
and Friedricht ttreett branch off; the last running 
in a ttraight line to Oranienburg gate. Thit it the 
longett ttreet in Berlin, ttretching nearly 3} milet. 

The other Gatet are the Schletitche gate, leading 
to Klipnicker-ttratte, near which it the Model 
honte of the citadel, and Barrackt of the Pioneert, 
Ac., with the twimming ettablithment of Gen. 
Von Pfuel. In the tame ttreet are many factoriet 
and workthopt. 

The Stralauer Oate it near Stralauer-platz, and 
the ttation of the Niedertchletitch and Miirkltchen 
railway. The Frankfort Oate leadt into the 
Frankfort-ttratte, which eontaint the Nicholat- 
Burger Hospital. 

The Landsberger Gate it dote to Friedrichs- 
Hain, where are the graves of those who fell on 
the 18th and 19th March, 1848, and the bust of 
Frederick the Great. 

Close to the above is the KOnig^ Gate, leading 
by Alexander-platz, along the Neue KSnigt- 
ttratte, to the bnty KSnigs-strasu. At the end of 
K9nigt-straste it the Kurfiirtten, or Long Bridge, 
upon which it Schliiter*t colottal bronze equet- 
trian Statue of the Great Kurfiirtt (or Elector), 
Frederick William, who died 1688. It it turroundcd 
by four chained giantt. 

The other Gatet are the Prenzlauer, the Schon- 
hauser, the Roeenthaler and Hamburger gates. 
The Oranienburg gate no longer exittt, but the 
name it retained. Patting thence down Friedrich- 
ttraste, on the right are the barrackt of the horte 
artillery; on the left, opposite Karl's-strasse, are 
the barracks of the 2nd regiment of the Guards ; in 
Karrs-ttrasse are the Fusiliers' barracks and the 
large Exercise Ground. 

Near the New Gate are the Invaliden-Haus, or 
hospital, for disabled toldiert, with itt National 
Monument, and the fine terminut of the Hamburg 
railway. A little farther out are the new Prison 
and the Uhlan bartac\.«. ^o^Wl ol >2ki« "&«<« CL«ie 
are I^aiten-tltMte fkUd\i(ku\Mxi-\^»XvtAV(^\xV:^ 



Berlin.] 



HAND-BOOK TO OEBMANT.— BEBUN. 



•re the Veterinary School mod a whig of the 
ChmriU^ whose principal entrance is in Unterbanm- 
■trasse. Passing along tliis, over the Marischal 
Bridge, by Wilhelm-strasse, we arrive again at 
tlie Linden, near the Brandenburg Gate. 

The central portion of the Gens d*armen Marlcet 
is now called the Schiller-platz, a beautiful square, 
in which stands the Schauspiol-hans, with the 
French and New Churches on either side; and the 
statue of Schiller (1871). 

Berlin is dlrided into twenty Qitarten. The 
are Altstadt, the old town; Alt-KBln or Cologne, 
on an island; Friedrichwerder, Dorotheenstadt ; 
Neu-Koln ; and Friedrichstadt, the best part, near 
the Potsdam Gate. The principal others are Span- 
dau, KSnigs, Stralan, Louisa, and the Vogtland or 
Oranienburg. There are thirty or forty Churches 
and twenty-five Hospitals. 

Palaces.— iPmp«ror WiiUam'i Falaee,hxd\tl%ZQy 
by Lnnghans; opposite which are the University 
and the Academy of Art The Royal Palace 
(KSnigliche Schloss) is a magnificent residence, 
480 feet long, 285 feet broad, 104 feet high, and 
nearly one-third of a mile in circuit, including 
four courts and about 600 rooms. It was begun by 
the Elector Frederick II. (t4ftl), and finished by 
Buhme in the reign of Frederick William I. 
Here are the library, treasury, archives, picture 
gallery, white room, museums, Ac. The chapel, 
w!tl\ its dome (230 feet), was built by Frederick 
William IV.; who also added the terrace leading to 
the Lustgarten, on which are the two Horse 
Tameriy by Clodt, and a granite column, with a 
gilt eagle. Over the principal gate (a copy of the 
Arch of Severus) are reservoirs of water. The 
largest room in the interior is the WeU»e Saal 
(white room), 106 feet long, and 57 broad, adorned 
with twelve statues in Carrara marble of the Elec- 
tors, and eight allegorical figures of the Prussian 
provinces. It is used on great festivals, and is 
fitted up in a costly style. 

The /2i</«r«ia/ (knights* room) contains the silver 
throne, costly plate, Ac. * The windows command 
a good view of the Lust;?arten, museum, arsenal, 
and cathedral. The pnintings on the ceilings re- 
present all^^cally the exploltsof Frederick I.; 



galerie) eontains some good pictures, chiefly 
modem, by Eybel, Krttger, Biirde, Kaiser, David, 
and Sir T. Lawrence, with a few by Vandyck, 
Lievens, Ac. On the ground floor are the Ar- 
chives, the Treasury, and the Public Exchequer. 
On the fourth storey is the Chamber of Art, in 
which are many historical curiosities — as the bed 
in which the Great Frederick died ; ivory carvings, 
Chinese paintingrs, Ac. In that part facing the 
Arsenal are the apartments of the Great Frederick, 
and also those of Queen Ix>uise. unaltered since 
their decease. These portions of the Palace are 
not usually shown, but permission to visit them 
may generally be obtained. 

For its Museum and Galleries, see below. 

The Palace of the Emperor Frederick^ now of 
his wife, the Princess Royal of England, is at the 
end of the Linden and Opcm platzes. Only 
native materials were used, and only native artists 
employed in its construction. The principal room 
is 220 feet long. It is connected with the Palace 
of the Princesses bj' an arch over Ober Wul!-strasse. 

The Palace of Prince Frederick Leopold, in Wil- 
helms-platz, formerly belonging to the Knights of 
St. John, has a splendid Armoury. Open daily; 
apply to the Haushofsnici^tcr, Wilhelms-platz, 
No. 8. 

The Palace of Prince Albert (No. 102), in Wil- 
helm-strasse, was the residence of the Turkish 
Ambassador in 1762, and afterwards of the Princess 
Amelia, sister of Frederick II., and was decorated 
by Schinkel in 1833. The interior decorations are 
marked by their simplicity and tasteful splendour. 

The pleasure castle of Mouhijou, at the end of the 
Oranicnburg^r-strassc, on the Spree, was formerly 
the residence of the mother of Frederick II. 
Here is the Hohenzollem Museum, with most inter- 
esting and valuable memorials of the Prussian 
sovereigns from the days of the Electors. 

The Schloss Bellevue, or Bellevue Palace, on the 
Spree, in the Thiergarten, has a fine garden and 
park, and a good picture-gallery of modem artists, 
including Lessing's Hussite Sermon, &c. This 
castle belonged to Prince August of Prussia, and 
came to the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg. Open 
from lAa,^ Vo Octobtt. At the Imcerial Chan- 



and OTBT the doonmre the four Quarters of the \ ceWot'* Ya\«^<i*>T\^'^\^^\W\V^V»0^^^'«^^^««' 
fforlt^ b^gekmer. TAe Ffcf ure-Gallery (BUd^T- \ ot \W ^'^^^ 



6 BRADSHAW'S ILLU8THATEi> 

ilie MuMllItt, opposite the Schloss, at the otl^er 
end of the Lost^rarten, coniittt of two piles, tlie 
Old Mnseum, containing the Ajntiquariuni, Sculp- 
ture .pallery, Librai^, and Pictnre-Oallery ; and 
the New Maseum behind it, containing casts, 
bronzes, etlinographical collections, vases, gems, 
Ac.; and the National Gallery, completed 187€. 
The official catalogue (50 pf.X obtainable inside, 
is the best 

The Old Museum (altes Museum) was built 
1823-9, by Schinkel, on piles, on a branch of the 
river Spree. It is a rectangle, 281 feet long, 
182 feet deep, and 61 feet high. The garden 
front is a vestibule or colonnade, on 18 Ionic 
pillars. On the right of the entrance, 91 feet 
t)r6ad, is Kiss's Amazon fighting with the Tiger, and 
on the other side WolflTs Combat with a Lion. At 
the top of the staircase are allegorical frescoes by 
Cornelius from designs by Schhikel, whose statue 
^y Tieck stands near the door. From the Hall we 
reach the Rotunda, in which are pieces of Gobelins 
tapestry, executed 16th century, by order of Leo.X., 
after the cartoons of Raphael. The most remark- 
able objects are the beautiful friezes from the 
altar of Zeus at Pergamos. ilcre are, also, among 

- other statues, an Amazon, and a colossal Juno. 

Sculpture Gallery, with 700 to 800 specimens, dis- 
tributed in various rooms, viz., the " Hall of the 
Heroes,'' ktruscan and Greek Giabinets, Roman 
Saloon, Ac. The principal room contains the 
statue of the Praying Boy, one of the finest bronzes 
'6i Grecian times. It was found in the Tiber, and 
bought for 10,000 thalers. Also iSgures of Poly- 
hjrmnla, Apollo, Calliope, Urania and Euterpe ; a 
ybiing girl playing with dice ; and the Dancing 
Girl; Mercury, an Hermaphrodite, and a Bac- 
chante. In the Roman room are the following: — 
A bust of Julius Ctesar, which belonged to Frede- 
rick the Great; Scipio Africanus; a bust of 
Hadrian ; the celebrated statue of Augustus, from 
the Poiirtales Collection. In the corresponding 

- ilde room are some I'crgamenian Sculptures, and 
ihere are many interesting German medinval 
figures. Over the gallery in the Rotunda, among 
other slatues, is the Boy Extracting a Thorn, with 

S ^a^ae o/AiSeoe. 
^<^ CoUeoiion of Cdlna i» ohe oi tie hneit i 



M^e, 



[Sec. 1. 

and Paris. The latfst addit^ni are the Fox ^ 
Prokesoh-Osten collections, of 11,000 Greek and 
Oriental coins. 

Picture OoXkry, open, excepting Mcmdays fqd 
holidays, 9 to 3; Sundays, 13 to 8. Catalogine, 
4 marks. The collection is especially rich in the 
German and Italian masters. The name of the 
artist and the sal^ect is placed on the fnune of 
every picture. The following may be mentioned 
as especially noteworthy:— 

Italian School of the fifteenth century.— Virgin 
and Child, with Saints, and Portrait of Connt 
Fugger, by Cima da ConegUano. Judith and the 
Presentation in the Temple, by A. Mantegna. The 
Adoration of the Kings, by Franc, de Santa Groce. 
Lombardy iScAooJ.— Virgin and Child, with two 
angels, and Virgin and Child, with two saints, by 
Amb. Borgognone. The Crucifixion, by Franc. 
Sacchi. 

Tuscan 5e^^.— Portrait, supposed to be the 
artist himself, by Philip Lippi. Portrait of Lucre- 
tia Tomabuoni, by S. Bottichclli. Charity, by B. 
Poruzzi. Virgin in Glory, and six Saints. Virgin 
and Child with St John, by F. Francia. 

Vmbrian School.— By Raphael: Saviour in the 
Tomb; Virgin and Child with two Saints; 
Adoration of the Kings; all in water-colours. 

School 0/ Perugino.—Ylrgin and Child, with four 
Saints. 

Italian School of 1600-1540. By Titian : Portrait 
of Adm. Manro; his own portrait; and also his 
daughter LavLnia. By Pordenone: Christ Wash- 
ing the feet of his Disciples ; Christ and the 
Woman taken in Adultery. ByPalma Vecchio: 
Portrait of a dog. By A. Moretto : Adoration of 
ithe Shepherds, Virgin and Anna, with the children 
Jesus and John in glory. 

Milan School of Leonardo da Vinci. Portrait of 
Margaret Colonna. ByCorreggio: lo and Leda. 
The Baptism of St. John, after Raphael, by Sal- 
viati. Virgin and Child, by Raphael. The Assiqnp- 
tion of the Virgin, by Bartol. di San Marco. Two 
iiovers and an Old Woman, by Giulio Romano. 

The Italian School of 1540-1590. By Tintoretto : 
St.Jtfajk worshipped by five Vdo^etiana. BjJmt. 
da BpVo|pUk% ^Vi^iiliA exwSiC^Vi^^V^h. fo;^^ Saintc, 
From 15Wi io VIIQ. ^7 1*.. ^*. Cij«v»v5»?ia -. 'y>* 



l^/jrs- inferior only to tboie of J>>ndon ' ^ntombmenx \ H\ 'b\«,\\\v«^ \\v« ^^tk.w^^\\»\. ^^ 



^WL] 



licUno; Bt.jtn 

And bnpid. 

JS^tUSi^, Br UuUJd;. Portrait of a ttdn 
b^«)lwt jdigrjideh j i'ortralt tl Cardinal iteilo 
Aiiollnl; ^. Aiitpntr of ^^ii«,,anil the iptsnt 
Jeaoi. Bf jiuin, Ciiniio^de iti'rands: Fonralt 
ot Cbwlei it., KliiB ot '^polii. 

Otben nbrtli notice sn— B; SalTitor ^du : « 
StonnotSea. By Carlo Dokl : John tli)i kilHEe- 
lift. By ^. PoDuln: Landscape, witb GfjireB of 
Juno, lu. and Mercury; Annlds and Rlniildo. By 
Mlgnnrd: tortrall of Mary Mandril. By C. I^ 
Dron 1 Portrait af ftra»nl tibiich. hinker of 
CalDgnc, with hli Famhy. By Rapbael UcnEs: 
The Holy Family; Foitnlt of hli father, tsniiel 
Meiigs. By C^aletto; Palace of tfao I>oe:e of 

dorick (he Giei . 
Prlnec, In 17113. By A. Von dor Wei*; Mary ( 
Magdalen, A poitrtdt i^ Angelica Kaiifmaun, by | 

Tbi FltmiiAand llcriaaii SAboTi. SpeciaUy note- I 
worthy, the tide wings or screeni (min ite altar- , 

piece Mill nmaini. thesti beantlful pahitlags are 
the work of bnbert and John Kin E^, and are | 
eiccotcd on reiereible aiH*en»; They *ere bonghl 
(tSlS) of a French dealer by Mr. Solly, an Engllsb- 
inan, (or 100,000 francs, and Bold by him to th< 

Jnat Judgea, the Soldlen of Christ. Holy PUgrl mi 
Holy BBrmlls, Ajlgeli Blnglne. On the rererx 
• Baptist; portrait of tbeBurgo- 



Coronallon ot Mary, By A. Vuidyek— Portralt'i^ 
Princo liomae of Carlgnan; the Betra^ of 
Chrlat; piare Eugenia Isabella, tbe danghCer % 
Phillip il.; Ibe Children of Chirles i. of Englani 
slihaDBJ; Bl, John the B^tlst and St. Jbfi, 
the Evaiigellst. By Gerard Terbnrg— The Father'f 
idmoiiitlon. By Gembrandl- Dnfce Adofph of 
OneldresThreaienlne his iia^lve Father; Portnjl 
of himself. By John Uerepii-Isanc bleailng 
Jacob. By G. Flihct-The Eipulslon of Agai. 
By Vail de lleitt— Portrait of a Utile Priuceii 
•nd her Foster Sister. By F, Uteri.-* Younf 
TVomon before a Looking-glass. By Casper 

By J. nnckaert-an Evening ijindscope. By 
Wouremians— U«ym»kiiig, By J. Van de Heeni 
-Flowers and Frnlt. By Teiilors— Peasants in 

R. Ruysch— Flower Piece. Portrait of the Mar- 
ffrare Lndwlg von Brandenburg, by Const. Net- 
sehor. A Lady leedbig her Parrot, bj- W. yoii 



id 1843, by Vol 
' beautifully di 



of Ghcnl 



the Angel G 



isVytSi 



riel,and The Virgin; the Wife 
Jodocus Vytsi and SI, John the Eiaiigellst 

Otherworksarei FortraltotthcEni]ierorCh8r|e 
T, by Cr, Ambeiger. Portmll ot Jacob Foggei 
by Hans Calmbach. Portrait ot Geoig* Frunds 
berK, by Holbein, The following 
John Frederick, Elector of Saiony ; the Foui lain 
ot Youth iPortraiiotLnlher OS Gentleman George 
when disguised in the IVartburg; Melaociithon ; ' 
Catherine Ton Bora, Lnlhor'i wile. By P«ter I 
i»ui-Pannlloi Christian IV., king of Denmuk, I 
'iij-.'Piml Biil—Balldlng of Ibe lower ot BalxA. < 
/?7 Ciifp-ranntll ot s Lady, By Rnbona-thr 



lach— und n odcrr 



r\c\i aTO\ \\i«t';**.V'*.- ■^■ft" *-"^ '^**" 



rOODU; Alirriln, anttRoml 
ud lUllan, down to Wchtel Angelo. C^UHigi 
KpT. Th* flns hull (mppenluiu), In tta« cent 
ol tbe bDUdlng. la dwonled irllb will plctnni 
Kano-chnime. bj Bctalir and Hnhr, iftor dealgns i 
br KaalliacS, lUnitrulva ol crut epodii of i . 
bl>t«T— ai the Tower of Babol, Ihe Golden Age ■ 
of Qreece. Deatnictlon ol Jernealam. Dofeat of i 
the Huna at Chalona, the lint Cmgade. tbe 
Belonullon, Ao. Tbe Sssraciniii are on the 
aeoodd Boor, and ara open lo tlis pnbllc onlj' on I 
Sandafi. Ttalt lioDa of tba aneit collections in 
Burope, ranging from tbe Wth to the lIMh can- 
taHei, Tbe axamplea of tha ?arlf QermaD and 

Dam being eipeclally wall npreiented. Tharo I 

bjrA. E 



I of tba church li tbe aarcopbagni of KnrfDnt 

(Elector) John Gle«ro, br Tlicber- of KiuombDiir- 

Onthswait aide the coataiiconUlalng tbe lenulni 

It Kurftlnt and King Fred. I., father 






cotlai,Ya 



Talnable Dbjecti. Including Sablna gold ornamonli I 
(coat £8,0001. and the celebrated Roman illYer 
treaiore found la UK near HlldeibDlm. | 

b; BtUler, richly duonted; cootainlDg llie j 
Wapior collwllon and wottj, chiefly modem 
(aome EnEllib),boDgblbylha OoTfinment. The I 
Bmermomll OoHectliin. acqolred 1814, li mottly ' 
Dntdi. Calalogne, 1 mark, IE It ttaeonl; portiDii 
of tba Royal Hnaenaia which la open on Mondays. 

~ i»n, a Dew and bandiome 

IB tbe ground floor, the SMie- 



bj the traielleti, Scbwelnfnnh, Nachllgall. and 
oChera, alao the Mtrthem AtUtquiOet, formerl; In 
tba New Hnaentii, ranging from tbe atone age to 
tba Romao period. 



boryin 


place, or GanpoSan 


U, wllh Ire 


net 






eek anllq. 


Itlta 


atOlynpla. 






Uarim CTbtcA (Bt. Mary^i 


ae*r tbe Kene 




oanded wllh bollit 


nge, la of 


the 




Wary, an feel by W 






teeple 


8J feet high, one o 


the higbe 




n, nai 


added Id 17M. It h 


alp^lln 


.by 


e..ia. 


rble polpit, the torn 


bof Kanlt 




SUola 




rChnirfa 


f St. 


la., o( 




ry. In the Gothic 




deitlnBerlbKiaSV, 






daaind 


Fo.l>lra>ien:ltU 


Tl feet Ion 


g. ■" 



^Dplllsre, Tbe altar-pleci 



Palace, wii bailt by pllgrlmi, 
The /\ircifMaI CAurcA, bnllt In 



The CblAnfro'. or Aun, In tbe LnitEartcn. wa> 
hnllt In 1T4S. by Frledrlch WllUani III., and li 
t« Iflct long, by 13S feat broad. Tbe allar-pleoe, ; 
" the Outpouring o( the Holy Oboel,'- Is by Begaa. , 
Mar/ltt lis in/f-lengtbplctare til mottle ollht, 
"-■"l/efiiliu; J, pnient of Pope Plat If. to FtWi' \ 



in allar-plece (ChrlBt 



he Kenitildt, or DonHhm Charck (reatortd), 
:ted by the KurtUrsIln Ilorotbea. In 1«TB, con- 
la achadow'i mart\« moimnieut to tbe Coool 



Berlin.) 



HAKD-BOOK TO 0£BMANY. — ^BBBLIX. 



The Werdtr Ckweh^ in the Werderachen Markt, 
rebuilt 1830, after the designs of Schinkel, in the 
Gothic style, is a handsome pile, with two steeples 
137 feet high, on the south side. The altar-piece is 
by Begas; the Four Evangelists are by Schadow; 
and the font is by Ranch. 

The New Church and French Church ( Franz o- 
sischc), were built by Frederick William II., 
exactly alike, in the Grens d'armen Markt, near the 
Theatre. They have handsome towers and steeples. 

The Catholic Church of 8t. Hedaig, behind the 
Opera House; a round church, built after the 
model of the Pantheon, at Rome, 1747-75. Between 
the windows of the steeple are the Twelve Apostles, 
carved in stone, by Ebenhecht. On the sides of 
the altar are the Birth of Christ, by Pesne, and St. 
Hedwig, by Cagliari. Another noticeable church is 
St. AfichaeTt; St. Sophia has a spire 280 feet high. 

Amongst the new churches are St. Jacob, in 
Oranicn-strassc; St. Matthew, in Thiergarten ; St. 
Peter's, in Petri-platz, with a tower of 315 feet ; 
and St. George's handsome little English church, 
in the Monbijou Park. 

A Synagogue, one of the finest in Germany, stands 
in Oranien-strasse, and was opened 1866. 

Uxilvenity, Academies, ftC.— The Univer- 
sity numbers about 5,000 students. Behind it is 
the Chestnut Grove, with a little Botanical Garden. 

The University, in the Unter den Linden, is a 
building three storeys high, with two side wings 
joined by a court, built 1754-64. It was once the 
Palace of Prince Henry of Prussia, was converted 
into a university in 1810 by Frederick William 
III., and is considered one of the best universities 
of Germany. In the Audience Room are busts of 
Friedrich II., Frederick William III., Schleier- 
macher, Fichte, Hegel, Hufeland, Ac. 

The Museum far Naturkunde, Invalidenstrasse, is 
rich in insects and fishes. Open on Mondays 
and Saturdays, 11 to 8. Here also is the Cabinet of 
Mineral*, including A. Yon Humboldt's collection, 
the best in Europe. Open Wednesdnys and Satur- 
days, 11 to 8. 

TheAr«fi«t'G'6«v»'&«i/iu«etim,KoniggrUtzerstrasse; 
one of the finest Industrial collections in the world. 
Open daily, es^cept Mondays, 10 to 8. Sundays, 
13 to 3. 

Tlfe 4efklemff Buiidinfft, on l/ntcr den X^lndcn.— 



In the middle window of the principal front is a 
public clock, by which all the clocks of the city 
are regulated. On the ground floor of the front 
part of the building are the public room and 
library of the Academy of Science. 

The Academy of Science was founded in 1700, by 
Frederick William III.; it is divided into four 
classes — Philosophy, Mathematics, Physics, and 
Historical Philology; public sittings are held 
three times a year. In the great hall of the 
Academy are busts of Frederick William II., by 
Werder ; Count Herzberg, by Schadow ; Voltaire, 
by Houdon; Humboldt; model of the statue of 
Frederick the Great, at Stettin, by Schadow; aaid 
portraits of Maupcrtuis and Leibnitz. 

The Acadetny of Arts, founded 1699, and under 
the direction of Schadow till 1849. Here is a 
public exhibition of paintings and works uf art 
every two years. In the left wing is the Barrack 
of the body guard; at the back are the king's 
stables, now partly used as a telegraph station. 

HohenzoVern Museum of Prussian antiquities is 
at the Monbijou Chfttcau. Dally, 10 to 3. 

Royal Library, in Opcni-platz, looking like a 
"chest of drawers," was founded by Frederic the 
Great; it contains 1,000,000 volumes, and 15,000 
MSS., increased by the famous Meusebach collec- 
tion of German literature of the sixteenth and 
seventeenth centuries. Among the most interest- 
ing objects are Luther's Hebrew Bible, with notes 
in his own handwriting, and his translation of the 
Psalms. The Bible and Prayer Book used by 
Charles I. on the scaffold. Gutenberg's Bible, the 
first printed with movable type. The Wittekind 
Codex, 8th century, a MS. of the Gospels, with 
ivory carvings, said to have belonged to Charle- 
magne. Miniatures of Luther, Melanchthon, Ac, 
by L. Cranach, and a number of autographs and 
engraved portraits. 

The Library and Reading Rooms are open daily 
from nine to three. Books may be taken out 
under certain restrictions. Strangers are shown 
round from 1 to 2 p.m. 

The Zeughaus, or Arsenal, considered the finest 
building of its kind, was built after Nehring^g 
plan, and form* «L^\JaL'^Ax«.xv^'^^%0^.^^s^^al«^i»>^'^^ 



10 



BBADBIIAW'8 ILLU8TBATED 



foundation stone of this mag;nificent building in 
1695. In the inner court, over twenty-two of the 
windows, are the celebrated masks, or stone 
hcnds of warriors in the. death agony, by SchlUter. 
On the ground floor, to the right, is the heavy 
artillery, among which are some Leather Ouns, 
used in the Thirty Years' War; Turkish guns, Ac. 
To the left are rooms containing engineering appli- 
n nccs, models, and plans of fortresses. Ac. French 
and other colours, taken 1815, very tastefully 
arranged; keys of captured fortresses; and some 
I'irtures. A part of the upper storey is occupied 
liy the Ifall of Fame^ with illustrations, in paint- 
ing and sculpture, of warlike episodes. The rest 
contains a collection of weapons, including fire- 
arms from their first invention to the present time, 
and the anus and accoutrements used by every 
nation in Europe. It is open every day, except 
Saturday, free, from 10 to 5 ; winter, 10 to 2. 

The Royal Foundry is behind the Arsenal. From 
here, during the War of Deliverance, were issued 
iron ornaments to the Prussian women in exchange 
for the jewellery sent by them to the treasurj', 
to pay the expenses of the war. These patriotic 
memorials are still much prized by their owners. 
Part of the fomidry is now removed to 10, Munz- 
strasse. 

The King's Guard Room (Kiinigswache) between 
the Arsenal and University was built (1818) in the 
shape of a Roman Camp Gate, after designs by 
i<chinkel. Near it are three large cannon. 

The Singing Academy, built by Ottmar, in 1825, 
in the Grecian style, is behind the king's guard- 
house. 

The Gymnasia or Colleges for superior instruc- 
tion are — the Gymnasium of the Grey Friars; 
the Joachimsthal G3rmnasium; the Gymnasium 
of King William; and the Friedrich-Werdersche 
Gymnasium. The Military Swimming School, the 
General and University Fencing School, the Royal, 
and other riding schools. 

The Architectural or Bau-Academie, built 1835, 

from designs by Schinkel, near the Schloss-brUcke, 

is a quadrangle of four storeys, every side being 

ISO feet long. It is entirely of red brick, and 

'■/// /Ao omameut^ hcnlptureB, Jko., are pf terra- 

^'*'^\^ /^ ^s now occupied by a pojipctioii of 



[Sbc. i. 

Tlieatreft.— libe TU/i<a opera Bo^tis^ tX ihe ^d 
of the Unter di^ Linden, b]^)oAite t^is TTniyersliyf 
was rebuilt (after a largd lire) in l^k, on ,iui 
enlarged scale. Tragedies and comedies, ^besides 
operas, are performed. It holds i,600 persons. 

The King's Theatre, or kshlgl. Schanspiel-hflniB, 
in the Schiller-platz, was built by ^hihkel. In tlie 
place of one burnt in 1819. It is iks feet long, and, 
including the group of Apollo, iHilch crowns tbe 
I building, 120 feet high. iThe carvings, iii relief, 
: on the front are by Ranch and lieck. Tke theatre 
holds 1,500 persons. French and Gretinan pla)rs 
are performed here. The concert rooin adjoinin^^ 
holds 1,200 persons, and is well decorated with 
busts of celebrated musicians, fialls are iAwt 
held here, at which tlic Royal Family are some- 
times present. Schiller's statue is here. 

The Deutsches Theater, Schuinann-strasse. 

The Friedrich WUhelmstadt Theatre, 25,Cbati8see- 
strassc, is both elegant and convenient, and wilt 
contain 1,600 persons. Other theatres (nearly W 
in all) are the Victoria, in Mttnz-strasse; Wallner, 
Wallner-strasse; Resident, Biumen-strasse; iVd/ionaf, 
Weinbergsweg; KrolVs, in Kroll's Gardens. 

Otber ilUlldlllgB deserving notice are the BatK- 
hatts, or Town Hall, in K5nig-strasse, a square solid 
brick pile, 310 feet by 295 feet, and 80 feet higji, 
with an ornamented Tower of 274 feet (good view 
of tbe city). It has terra-cotta ornaments and a 
machicolated parapet, by WSsemann. Below It 
is the Rathskeller for refreshments. The old 
K51nische Rathhans contains the Braiidenboi^g 
(Markische)Museum. Bdrse, or Exchange, opposite 
the Museum, on the Spree, 'vjras built, 1868, of stone, 
by Hitzig. and has a great Hall, 225 f ee^ by 90 feet.. 
Royal Mint (Miinzc), 2, Unterwasser-strasse, wit6 
a frieze from the Old Mint in Werderschen Mar^t. 

The 5a#Tac*«— among which those of tlje 
Fusilier Battalion of the two regiments of guards, 
in Karl-strasse, and the Uhlaner barrack, 4t 
Moabit, are the finest ; also the Exercising. Hou^e, 
opposite the first, and the Veterinary College, 41, 

Lonisen-strasse. 

The War Office (Kriegsministerium), 6-7, Leip- 
ziger-strasse, rebuilt in 1847, and enlarged. 

The Cadettenhaus^ or Cadet School, at Lichttt^fdde, 
near the Haceooiurw^ ax\^ ^v^w^^\ Yqt^^vVva ^ 



Berlin.} 



HAND-BOOK TO 4SUB&MANY. — BERLIN. 



U 



contaiiiing |)ortn4t8 of all the reigning princes 
tinc^ the Great Elector, and all the Pmssian 
Field Marshal^ ; also Napoleon's sword, taken at 
jei^^ppefs, 1816, and presented by Blucher to jbi? 
institution. Siem^ns's Electric Railway from the 
Anhalt station terminates here. 

Invalidenhaus or Pmssian ''Chelsea Hospital," 
p{>posite .th^ New Gate, iu Invaliden-strasse, or 
Park, was built in 1749, by Friedrlch II.; and 
has quarters for a commander, 12 officers, and 600 
men. In the right wing is the Evangelical church ; 
and in the left the Roman Catholic. A national 
Memorial to the soldiers who fell in 1848 stands 
in the grounds. 

The Celltdar Prison (Zellengefangniss), at Mo- 
abiit, has a church, a centre hall, 15 sick and 560 
solitary cells. 

The Charite, 17, Dnterbaum-strasse, is the most 
important hospital in Berlin. It has accommodation 
for 1,600 patients, and may be viewed from 9 
till 1, by application. Statue of Grafe here. 

The Bethanien is a model hospital, attended by 
young women, called deaconesses. It resembles 
on the outside a castle with two towers, and 
provides every comfort and convenience for the 
sick. Open daily, to strangers, from 1 till 4. 

Royal Observatory (Stemwarte), 103, Linden- 
strasse, was built 183$, by Schinkel. Open on 
Wednesday and Saturday, 9 to 11 Free. 

Thp Public Sessions of the Courts (gerichtsver- 
haudlangen) are held almost daily in the Gerichts- 
geb&ude, Alt-Moabit. Entrance by visiting-card, 
free. 

The Blind Asylum, 189, Wilhelm-strasse, is only 
open to strangers on Wednesday, from 10 to 12. 

The Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 84, Linden-strasse, 
open on Tuesdays, from 10 to 12. 

Collection of Works of Ax%,— Wagner's 
ColteeHon of Paintings, bequeathed to the nation, 
is placed in the National Gallery, and consists 
principally of works of liying artists. 

Raveni's Collection, 92, Wallr^trasse, has excel- 
lent works of the modem German-Belgian and 
French schools. Tuesday and Friday, 10 to 2 ; fee. 



artist. Open daily, 10 to 3, free, except Sundays 
and the last Satwd^y of every month. 
. Count Redern's, at the Palace, IjTp.l, Unter.d^ 
Linden. Open daily, 11 to 12. Previous appli- 
cation required. 

Royal Porcelain Factory, at Qharlottenburgi 
was founde4 I'^J^* ^7 a private individuait and 
bought by Frederick II. It may be viewed daily, 
10 to 12, except Monday and Saturday. . , 

Rojfal Foundry (Eisengiesserei), in Invalid'^p- 
strasse, supplies 12,000 cwt. of cast goods ye^ly 
from the smallest to the largest phject^... The 
statues and monuments it has sent forth h4ve an 
European fame. Casting takes place in the ^iter- 
noou, from 4 to 7. Admission every Wednesday. 

The Architektenhaus, 92 and 98, Wilheim- 
strasse, contains the gallery of the Berlin Artists' 
Asscciation. 

Marktsches Mufeum of Provincial Antiquities,, in 
Breite-strasse. Mondays and Thursdays, 11 to2|. 

Borsig's Foundry, in Alt-Moabit, for locomo- 
tives, near Borsig's Gardens, and the Cemeteries. 

Pikces Of Amuseme&t, &C.— In the towi^ 

besides the four large theatres mentioned on page 
10, there are about 16 smaller ones. The Circus, 
karl-strasse; Flora Garden, at Charlottenburg. 
There is an Aquarium in Unter den Lhiden. Near 
the Brandenburg Gate Is the Thiergarten, a charm- 
ing and extensive park. It is about a German 
mile (5 English miles) in circumference. Here are 
the Zoological Oardens, which contain the royal 
Menagerie. Admission, 1 niark, open daily. Good 
monuments of Frederick' III. and Queen Louisa; 
with one of Goethe, by Schafer. 

ConcortS. — in summer these are held fre- 
quently, in the Zoological Gardens, at the Flora- 
Etablissmcnt, Charlpttenburg, in the Gardens of 
the Belle-Alliance Theatre (BeUe-AlIiance-strasBO), 
andtheKi'ollTheatre(ontheKonlg8-platz),andthe 
Schultheiss, 75, Chaussee-strasse. The Symphony- 
Soir^ of the Royal Band are held in winter in the 
Concert Hall of the Opera House. Jfansfeldt's 
Orchestra plays at the Concerthaus, Leipziger- 
strasse, daily;, in winter. The Rehearsals at the 
Sing-Acqdemie^ on Tuesdays 5 <» 1 '^josl. W^s^^^- 



T)>^ QflWery of Count Rac^ynski has been trans- 
fccred to Uie National Gratiery. 
Aauc^ Museum, in tbe KIoster-stftwii^cOTiJtalnft k \ W\(iSaa« ow VVvs^Q^s*^'^'^^^^- ^^ xjv r 
co/lectfofi of casts and xnodcjs of the worlw o! V^ls ^ 'h,o}i<\\ Con%eT>caVor\wu V^^ ^^"^ ^^ ^ 



n 



BBADSHAW'fl ILLU8TRATBD 



[See.l. 



AcAdemie, where also the String Quartette Ck)n- 
certs are given. Enquiry respecting them must 
be made at the hotels, or the daily papers must be 
consulted. Philharmonic Orchestra in winter at 
the Philharmonie, No. 92a, Bemburger-strasse, in 
summer at the Flora, Charlottenburg, thrice a 
week; apply for tickets at the tobacconists* shops. 
Steni's Oe$anffverein, at the Philharmonie, or the 
Garrison Church, Neue Friudrichs-strassc. 

The large Botanical Oarden with its palm- 
house, conservatory, Ac, is at Schoneberg, in 
Potsdamer-strasse, near St. Matthew's Cemetery. 

OemeterleS(KirchhSfe).— Thecemeteriesaroall 
outside of the town ; they are 29 in number. The 
chief are the Hallesche cemetery, with the graves 
of Fleck and Hoffman ; Trinity cemetery containing 
the remains of Schleiermacher, Neander, Mcndels- 
sohn-Bartholdy, Von Altenstein, Tieck, the poet, 
^c. In the French cemetery is the monument of 
Ludwig Dcvrionz. In the Roman Catholic ceme- 
tery, the graves of Fra von Holtei and Seydelman. 
In the DorotheenstUdtische cemetery svre the re- 
mains of Fichte, Hegel, Hufoland, Langbein, 
Schinkel, Ranch, and Schadow. In St. Matthew's 
Cemetery the brothers Grimm are buried. 

The Invaliden Cemetery, near the Hamburg 
terminus, has the monuments of Schamhorst, 
Witsleben, Tauouzien, Ac. 

In the Garrison cemeteries are the graves of 
Field Marshal von Kleist, Generals Brauchitsch, 
LUtsow, Borstel, Ac. 

ENVIRONS OF BERLIN. 

The Berlin Circle Line(R\nghahn% about 93 miles 
long, connects the principal places in the neigh- 
bourhood of the capital. Beginning at Charlotten- 
burg, it paosos (among other places) Moabit, 
Weissensee, Friedrichsberg, Stralau, Rixdorf, 
Tempelhof, Sch(>ueberg, Wilmersdorf, Qriinewald, 
to Charlottenburg again. 

GharlOttenlmrg (Stat.), a separate munici- 
pality, now united to Berlin. A fine tramway 
road leads thither, by the Thiergarten. Population, 
76,878. At the end of the town is the Kin^'e Castle, 
built ie9€, by Schlttter, for George the First's 
timus'hter, 3iv>bia Charlotte of Hanover, wife of 
-f>vtfer/eA^ I., by n-hom the town irts founded, 
W^ ^Aa ^rc Ms wife's n^ae to it. It contains 



pictures and antiques, with a statue of the 
Dowager Empress of Russia, by Wiclimann. 

Behbid the Castle is a large park, in which is 
Schhikers Mausoleum of Queen Louisa^ and King 
Frederick William III. In the hall, over the vault, 
stand the sarcophagi. The statue of the Queen, 
by Ranch, is one of his master- pieces; the statue 
of the King is also by the same sculptor. On the 
sides are marble candelabra, the Fates and the 
Muses, by Ranch and Tieck. At the upper end of 
the town is the park of the Flora Society, with a 
large concert room. There is also a winter 
garden and a fine Palm house. Open daily; 
Tickets of admission, 1 mark, may be obtained 
from the tram conductor. The Popular Concerts 
of the Philharmonic Orchestra are given here 
thrice weekly in summer, and are one of the 
special features of Berlin amusements. Tickets lor 
concerts, 76 pf. or 80 pf., at the tobacco shops, Ac. 

The river Spree here abounds with carp, which 
come to be fed when the bell rings. 

The town is celebrated for its coffee houses and 
places of entertainment, the place being a great 
resort of the people of Berlin. 

The Pichelsberg, a hill between Charlottenburg 
and Spandau, 6 miles from Berlin, is much admired 
for its fine prospect. Not far from here is 

Spandau (Stat.) A fortress eight miles from 
Berlin, on the Hamburg railway, at the junction of 
the Spree and the Havel. Population, including 
the garrison, about 45,864. Of the four churches, 
St. Nicholas, built in the 16th century, is the most 
remarkable. It has some m<muments and an old 
font. The Prison will contain 600 prisoners. 
Here Baron Trenck was confined. A horse fair is 
held here. Steamers to Berlin. 

MoaMt (Stat.) lies on the right bank of the 
Spree, opposite the Thiergarten, and derives its 
name from the Huguenot refugees who settled 
here in the time of Frederick I., and called the 
place ''la terre Moab," and 'Materre Maudite;" 
which in course of thne became Moabit. Lat- 
terly it has received the title of ''Ktfchinen 
Vergnttgen'' (the cook's place of amusement). 
Here is a large Porcelain Manufactory, with 
Borsig's Machine Factory and Foundry, and exten- 
sive achooU. BoT%\g*% Yiaaii-YAiaA%% and pot- 
houses M« iv'feW 'irotVU 1^ '^VaV'^ 



at.), orTemplow, 11 
th« property *tt ih 



Barllo, 

Tb* BBtmleal Oordn, i 
bare (But.), conUln. 1I,0M dlfle 
pluti, OpondmUy, except bolldSTi 

(tonnewsM (Bt&t.). with u 

(Fleuu* Cutle), •Und» to ■ pluiMiit 
wood, bHween CbailDttsnbnrE wut fot 
w»bDmb]rJiiutalDtII..lnlUa. a<»4i 
dtllon un be bad at Iha ktepei'g bouH. 






.— BilVlhoSB OP BBSUK. IS 

BtnUn (SUt.). » a-Wne "'"W* ™ the Spn«, 
nil gendnlai, ■ipeclallj' 



riuiceorBohttne- 

[ kind! of 



CloH by !■ TlToll, irheM piod coneerti «re glii 
tniDinaerj udopp»Ue[hliiLC«lel>nt*dBiv>rii 
bHT bnwtrr- Trmiraje ran to ttali pUee (ro 
tbe DOtiboftplntXt evflry A mlnDtes- 



Ll bere, called " Dci 

[be Spree, ice pifo 67. 
in nhlEh Joecblc 
sy de]i«t. Aboal 

BureUcbtenbecE. 



IL 



1"Dm 
e Duitile 



■dJolnlDg rwt tlie renulnj ol IhoM »oLc 

uwfU, in 181J, trbo died of their ironndi In 
luHpiUl hare. The gUe «( the ebnrchyard hi 
tnierlptlon to thdr iiieinoi7. 



mloewl eprins. 

mlenbDre Gel«, 
1 vHlige, wllh a 



obellikhai beeoerected In mcmcpry of Ihe bstllc 
or 1811 (near Draiden). lUid ■ rellglana feillTi.1. 
whleb ii ntj fnllf ittended by tbe Dertlners, 
Ukei plM* miunull J w the Bald. 

Ibe Spree from the Jannowltz Bridge ta Treptow, 
BtraliD, end KCpenick. 

Beer the Bchleiliehe Qite, 1| mile from the 
citT, OB tbe left buk of the Spree, it nsVtOW. 
oppodtt Ue Tlllte' "f Stalaa, trom vblch ll i 
A* rinrtf tAe toiro anl xuToaodlnt ttmMy. 



At ZeUendiaf, »bout half-iraj to Polide 
he right o! the r.ll. !■ Ibe new ciitle of tho 1 
if PruMia, built, ISIS, by Schinkel. 



lUilway "" i>P«o«'l I*'*. '• Spere°'>«'« »i 



14 



BRAD8HAW'8 ILLUSTRATfit) 



ROXTTIP 1- 

By rail in 2| to 4 hourii. 



English 
Berlin to miles. 

Potsdam 14» 

QtY>ss Krentz 28f 

Brandenburg 88 

Wtlsterwitz 47 



English 
miles. 

Oenthin 5lSi 

Gi^seh M 

Bnrg 721 

Magdel)ar^ 89| 



POTSDAM (Stat) 
Population, 54,161, including 7,000 soldiers. 

Hotels. — Einsiedler (Hermit); Dcutsches ^ans 
(Gierman House), both In Schloss-strasse. Ah 
excellent Buffet at the Station. 

CoNTKTANCKS.— A Carriage and pair, for the 
usual round to the royal demesne, d^c, occupying 
four hours ; 6 marks. 
Droschkies at fixed tariff for Babelsberg, the 
Neues Pallast, Ac, but it is best to arrange before- 
hi^nd about the fare. 

Bailwat to B^lin, ^fagdeburg, HanoTer, ^c. 

This Versailles of Prussia, in Brandenburg, is 
the second residence of the king, and stands on 
the Potsdamer Werder, an island in the Havel, 
oyer which are two handsome bridges. It is sur- 
rounded here and there with vine-clad hills. 

The Glienicker bridge is of brick, 5d0 feet long; 
and the Lange or Telt6wer bridge rests upon nine 
massive pillars and eight iron arches. 

The town Is situated on an island in the Havel, 
which here expands into a series of marshy lakes, 
and abounds with handsome buildings, fine 
squares, and broad streets, some oi which are 
almost deserted. In Wilhclm-platz is Kiss's statue 
of Frederick William III., a native of Potsdam, 
with the inscription signifying that it is dedicated 
to the Father of the Fatherland,'by his grateful town. 

It was founded by the Great Elector of Branden- 
burg, but owes its splendour chiefly to Frederick 
the Great, by whom most of the ^ne buildings, 
squares, and streets' w;ere built. Iii the Dutch 
quarter the bouses are in regular streets, in the 
I>Utch 8tyl4. 

■I^he town Church (Nicolalkirche), in the old 

a^adrB, ^;t^>osJie the castle, Is built in thp Crreciiau 

^^:r^f' ^^ip f dome,' altera design b^ScbtiikeL It 

'"" '^/Mf^.^f ^esmrectipp tmd Bermon on the 



Mount. The interior is beautiful, and well wortk 
, seeing. On the high altar are fresco painttngA on 
a goid ground. ' Th« pulpit, 1hc$ ckjiiti^' oi 
colnnms, Ac, are of zinc. 

This church was restored (on a scale of great 
splendour), and a dome added, in 1850, and 
resembles in its exterior St. Cknevibve's al Paris. 
Near it in the square is an obelisk 74 foet high, 
with bas-reliefs by Giese, half-length portraits 
of the first Elector, and of the three first kings of 
Prussia. 

The OarrUon and Court Church (Gamlson- 
kirche) has a handsome tower In the Dutch 
style, with chimes and a musical clock. In the 
marble chancel lie the remains of Frederick 
William I. in a black marble vault, and also 
those of Frederick the Great in a metal sarcopha- 
gus. His sword, which was laid on the tomb, 
was carried off by the French, and is now lost. 
Near the pulpit arc colours and trophies taken 
from the ^ench. There are also some good 
paintings. From the gallery of the tower a good 
view is obtained. 

The Peace Church (Friedensklrche), near Sans 
Souci, was built in 1850, in the form of a Byzan- 
tine basilica, with a detached tower, in tlie mldH 
of a beautiful garden^ It contains the grave of 
Frederick William IV., who died 1861 ; with a 
Pietk, Ranch's Moses, some old pictures In mosaic, 
from Murano, and other objects of notice. 

The Catholic Church, a larjg^ building, contains 
three beautiful pictures, by Pesnc?. 

The French Church, built 1752-4, by Boumann, 
on the plan of the Pantheon at Romie. In the 
niches over the chief entrance are two figures of 
Love and Hope. Two bas-reliefs' stand oyer the 
door, viz., the Parable of the Tribute l^ojaey, and 
the Expulsion of the Money Renders. ' '' ' *' . 

The Toum ^a2/(Rathhaus)wasbniltbyBpumann, 
1754, on the model of the town hall at Amster^m. 
On the steeple of the roun^ tower Is' a colossal 
metal statue of Atlas supporting the four parts 
of the world. 

The RoyaJ CcuUe (Residenz-S.chloss), or Palace, 
built 1650-1700, is a fine old buQdl'qg, faea^ li^^ 
Teltower gate, begun b^ Ohlfese,' fl&H' finlibM by 
Pried, "von T^clb^lftAdtt i<x fSredericl t^e tSreat. 
The tbird fttOTft5,\)^ji ^VJVft'vVxyjKa^^'^Ts^^ 



oaM, and other IniporUBt embeUlsbioaDts, are by 
Jfl^Ultiurchdsct' Thefafade towuda Ibe Lmt- 
iSf^oieMnrtGrooiiasJconilBlssI three .imajra, 
^e'l^jectfona of vhleb ire adcrncd Willi lUlneB 

■Dd decorated by ChutpentJcr. On both si^cs 
of thti poreb« in the win; of tbe bnlldlogH ia tbo 
llain GoardhoDie. Ttaeliiteilnr of Ihe PcUcels 



HI (oiilr certab trains 
D the 'k«h Falau at 
: tti<nto\hatlirhtb£ 



Sorth dardcn and ItB 



'den, patt the Windmllble 



alia, and Frederick WltllaiDllI.. 
toiealFmltrlckllHOreal. Here 
1 Ills piano, Writing table, booki, 
In wlilch b« (llit«d wlthont the 

1 table, Ac. To lee the Interior, 

1 palace, on Ihe bridge sida 



atoreys high, end enj 
The iMitgarltn, oi 






noted b}' a BEoreiir^ttlca. 
cunre QanleD, laid DVt at 
■e, hu teantUnl ahad; 



walk! and bade of Oawcn; also a 
which li a fine jronp of Neptune and yenni, g 
>l shctlJ, draiiu by be« h«rsi 
DudedbfTrita'na. Upanthcfonrsqu^i 
Gornerfrd pUlajt and pedeatnls, portly of marl 
and partly of granite, ue placed the boat! ofelg 



tins In a eg 



ited Rnii 



■of R 



le Park ai 



Other bnUdlngi worthnotlcearethe foUonlng :— 
^h« l-OUf Stable, near the Oarrtson Church ; Ihe 



Dldleri 



■Infcel, 



(n lb* 9reciaD style; the Nci 
QbiW'' fi'^ and'll^anii ■ Oiodente-siied 
nwatt*j >ii> ^*d't'* Schnil (KadetlenhinB). 
Btir « nay'M A^MmUv;— Take tbs raU 
aid oIMt ntiirB, R qi. 44 pl^ 



bCBUllfnl >1ew from Its Belyedere and OynmaBlnoi, 

Lillle Olimieie, a ctaarmlugly situated rlllagc, nlth 
A castle and park belonging (o Prlocc Cbarles, la 

Russian colony brought here t>y Fredericl^ ^ilUani 
fit., bsTing a tiree^ Church with three doniea, ou 
Chapel HIU. The 4»&d(Mll vlib the pi'rk and 
cMtle of tb'eEm^rffiillaiul. It was laid out 



fttrefi. a TtUage i 
Brick WUlUm 111. SI: 



it little pi 



and ot 1) 



d (mlt, a 



qnented. lyaaeRirtlt (Peacock Island), agreeably 
■ItBated on the Barcl, a,fiOO flHt long, and £00 
bnwd, with Soe rows ol trees, and abort 300 la^e 
laaotki. Frederick William II. ant began to lay 
ont Iholiland, which at Brstwai only ■ rabbit 
waiTsD 1 but It own Itt preaent ImprareiiientB to 

Iwte liWiT &ftmn4»\ ?«, ».awi«i»ft.-«fBM».-ff»».- ^ 
1 lM««Wa«e*tAVi<<.Wn««vte»»-«^'*' 



H 



bllAbSRAW^S iLLUStRAtEt) 



a fine view. The Dairy represents a Gothic 
ruin, and has a fine view over the Havel. 
The Cavalier or Daneiger-Haus is after a design of 
Schinkcl. The PtiUnenhaw, a green-house for 
tropical plants, including many kinds of palms. 
Permission to visit it must be obtained from the 
Court gardener. The Rosengarten^ containing a 
great variety of roses, is open to the public on 
Tuesdays and Thursdays. 

Sans SOUCL— This beautiful retreat was built 
by Frederick the Great in 1746-7, after the first 
Silesian war. Here Voltaire resided for a time. 
It was latterly the residence of Frederick William 
IV. and his widow, and was occupied by the Prince 
and Princess Frederick William. The gardens 
commence at the Brandenburg Gate, near the villa 
of the Princess de Leignitz, charmingly situated 
on the left. They are entered by a broad avenue, 
between two colossal sphinxes playing with 
cupids, of Carrara marble. 

Upon a pillar stands a fine Bust of Paolo Giordano, 
Duke of Bracciano, of Egyptian porphyry, a leader 
of the mercenaries under the Republic of Venice. 
Frederick II. bought this head for 20,000 thalers. 
It was carried off by Napoleon to Paris, from 
whence it was restored with the Victory of the 
Brandenburg Gate in 1814. This bust stands 
before the principal Fountain, which sends out a 
Jet of water about 110 feet high. It is surrounded 
by twelve mythological marble statues and groups, 
nine being by the brothers Adam. These are as 
follows :— Air ; Water; Venus; Minerva; Mars; 
Earth ; Jupiter, with lo, transformed into a bull ; 
Juno, with the peacock ; Fire ; Diana coming out 
of the bath ; Apollo and the vanquished Python ; 
Mercury. This last is a copy, by Barges, of that 
executed at Paris, by Pigalle, 1748. The original 
stands in the vestibule of the castle of Sans Souci. 
The Venus is also by Pigalle. 

At some distance around this reservoir, are four 
marble columns, 80ft. high, with gilt Corinthian 
capitals, upon which are the statuettes of the 
Venus de'Medici, Apollo, Bacchus, and Hope ; the 
last by Thorwaldsen. 

Through the gate we arrive at the principal 

ma/j; paasJngr several bnata, and Btatues of the 

^ ^/eetor and bia wife, beaidea tour of the 

^^aJWnccasea of Omnge, 



tSec. 1. 

On the right, not fat fi^m the picture-gallery, it 
the Orotto of Neptune^ covered inside with shells. 
At the top stands a statue of Neptune, 9ft. high. 
On both sides of the grotto are little cascades, 
springing from water jugs, poured out by two 
n3^phs. 

On the other side of the great reservoir is 
another basin, with a fountain in the shape of a 
glass bell. There are many other groups in marble, 
statues and vases, all deserving of attention. 

Behind the great basin rise six terraces, 60ft. 
high, above which stands the Palace. On all of 
them are large handsome hot-houses, containing 
many orange and laurel trees. From the top, as 
well as from the windows of the palace, is an ex- 
tensive view. 

The Palace of Sans Souci is a long one-storeyed 
building, consisting of three parts, viz.: the Castle 
itself; the Picture Gallery on the right, situated 
somewhat lower; and the new Chambers, or 
Cavalier Haus, on the left. 

The principal front is turned towards the garden. 
Behind are three ascents, of which the middle one 
leads to a colonnade, in the form of a crescent, with 
88 Corinthian pillars. Near this are the graves 
of Frederick's battle horse, and his favourite dogs. 

Behind the New Room is the WindmSU^ cele- 
brated in Prussian history ; the owner of which 
gained a law-suit against Frederick the Great, 
who wished to pull it down. It was originally 
very small, but having been burnt, was rebuilt by 
Frederick William III. 

Sans Souci was built from the design of Frederick 
the Great and Frederick von Knobelsdorf, by the 
architects Hildebrandt and BShring. The interior 
is still fitted up as it was designied by Frederick. 

Among the rooms, the most remarkable is the 
Oypsum Marble Room, with Corinthian pillars, and 
marble statues of the Emperors Trajan and Marcus 
Anrelius. 

The Marble Room is an oval, supported by six- 
teen Corinthian marble pillars, with groups in 
marble by He3rmllller and Benkert. In the two 
niches are two very beautiful marble statues, by 
Caspar Adams^ of Venus and Apollo ; at the foot 
of Urania ift lYift co\o«mCL \ji^\. <A CStoaft«^'X3I, of 
Sweden \>y "BoucYim^ou, 



Konto 1.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GBRMASy.^POTSDAM. 



1 



The Concert Boonu of Frederick the Great, con- 
tain the music-desk inlaid with tortoise-shell at 
which he used to play the flnte, and also five 
beautifnl paiatinips by Watteau, Pesne, Ac. 

The AudHenee Chancer has the Une old pietute 
of Hercules strangrling the Serpent, and tWtaty 
beautiful paintings, by Watteau, Pesnte, CalEe, tad 
others. 

The Bedroom of Frederick renuiAti M It Was 
daring his life ; the dock still pointiikg to the hour 
of his death, Yiz. : 2fa. 20m. In the afternoon of 
17th August, 178«. 

Near i« Vdtaire's Room, in whUch are his wotks, 
and a beautiful dock of Madame de Pompadour. 
On the walls are some caricatures of Voltaire's. 

The Picture -Gallery ii<ear the eastte his before it 
eighteen statues of Carrara marbfe. It is 250 feet 
iong, and still cotatains soiara fine old paintings; 
though the greater part of the collection made by 
Frederick the Great has been removed to the 
museum at Berlin. 

Exactly behind the castle is the Rtdnenhurg, 
Mrlth the immense reserrolr for the water-works. 
Artificial ruins surround the baslnS. The appa- 
ratus for raising tKe watii'lics near the Branden- 
burg Gate, on the IffaYel. These Water-works play 
on Sunday, Tuesday, atad Thursday. 

Along avenue, fcbout three-cjuartcrs of a mile 
long, leads by the S&ns Souci to the Kew Palace. 
On the left is the Japanese House, called by Fred- 
erick II. his "ifonkey House." 

On the right of the principal avenue, near the 
Kew Palace, is the M^dutoleum, or Antique Templ^, 
formerly an old temple, or rotunda, in a wood. 
)ftcTC is a life-size recumbent marble statue of 
Queen Louisa, by %taeh, on which ho was engaged 
fifteen years. She lies asleep, and a rosy glow is 
made to fall on the ^hite marble through a Window 
hung with r^d. 

X)n the left of this aVenue is the Temple of 
Fi^endshipy built etatirely of ttalian marble, and 
surrounded by flowering plants. In this is a 
maTi>le stitue of the illargravlne of Biireuth, the 
sister of Frederick II., in a sitting posture. 

Thfe ir«r Pato«, built 1763-69, by Frederick II., 
at a cost of S,i^,o66 thalers, after the design of 
BrttniniTr is Ba^atdidpiJe'ofred Brick, 400feetl'on||^ 



to prove that the Seven Tears' War had still left 
hiih money to spend. Here the Crown Prince and 
the Princess (our Princess Royal) rc!*ided. There 
are fotir wings in the principal front fncinpr the 
garden of Sans Souci, altoppther 350 feet lonjr, 
the whole ornamented with several hundred 
figures and groups on the roof. On the steeple of 
the front, towards the garden, are the Three Graces 
hearing the roj-al crown, and on the capital tlfie 
Prussian eagle, with the motto, "Xoc soli ccdit" 
(He does not give way even to the Sun). 

The interior is more highly and splendidly deco- 
rated than the rest of the royal palaces, and contains 
above 200 handsome rooms, of which, hoAvever, 
only a i)art are open to the visitor, on application 
to the head castellan. The principal entrance 
leads to the vestibule, which is wholly ornamented 
by Silcsian marble. In the middle is a handsome 
porcelain vase on a pedestal of Siberian marble, 
the gift of the Emperor of Russia. 

The Gi'ottirte Saal, or Grotto Room, has a 
marble floor; and the walls and massive pillars 
adorned with shells, corals, and costly minerals in 
the form of a grotto, have a very effective appear- 
ance. Here are two tables of black stone, inlaid 
with mother-of-pearl; sixteen high reliefs of 
marble, painted ceiling by Neidlich, and two 
crystal cups on marble. 

The Visitors' Room contains fine paintings by 
Willmann, Paul Veronese, J. Dauw, Titian, C. 
Maratta, &c. 

The Chamber of Red Damask and Gold. Here 
are i. remarkable beautiful porcclahi Cup, and 
twenty good paintings by Tintoretto, Poussin, 
Guide, Titian, Ac. The Writing Cabinet has 
several fine paintings. 

The Large Marble Room is 103ft. long, 61ft. 
broad, 41ft. high; its floor is in mosaic marble; the 
ceiling painted by Vanloo. A magnificent view 
from the windows. Here the baptism of the (then) 
Crown Prince's youngest child was celebrated, 
1872, Prince Humbert, now Humbert I. of Italy 
standing godfather. 

In the Library is a MS. of Frederick the Great, 
with remarks and corrections by Voltali-e. Notice, 



dividMbyptlMtore} mdwirn reared br S'redortik \ meuV% aTv^».^w«i^we«v.Va^'*.^'«^N:^^*Ms«. 
C 



18 



BJIAI>8HAW'8 ILLU8TRATSD 



tSec. 1. 



The Oammms are two piles oppoeite the New 
PeUce, in the BetuUttmnce style, formerly used for 
the reception of strangers, but now tamed into 
barracks. Next to this are the Park and the 
Castle of CfftarhtteiUto/, a beautiful villa of the late 
king's, designed by Schinkel, and adorned by 
him, when Crown Prince, in imitation of a Pom- 
peUan houu. In the gardens is a Pompeian bath, 
with a parilion, and many woiiu of art, brought 
from Herculaneum, Ac. 

The MarNe Palace (Marmor-Palais), near the 
Nauener Thor, in the new garden, was built for 
Frederick William II., by Gtontard, Langhaus, and 
SLrfiger, of natlTC marble. It is a handsome build- 
ing, at once tasteful and gorgeous, and contains 
arabesques from the Nibelungen, with modem pic- 
toreSf busts, and portraits of eminent Germans. 

In the middle of the vestibule, supported by four 
pillars, are two statues of Carrara marble, viz.: 
Girl playing the Harp, by Broghes, and the Fisher 
Boy, by Wolf. 

The Grotto Boom has its walls inlaid with shell 
and marble. The celling represents Neptune and 
his wife In a shell carriage. There are also two 
beautiful statues by Wolff and Wlchmann. 

The Tdlow Room has a painted celling, by Bhode, 
a valuable astronomical clock, and a plate of yellow 
and white agate, on which Is a statuette of Marie 
Antoinette. 

In the White Lackered Room are landscapes by 
Hackert, beautiful Etrascan vases, and a splendid 
dock, once belonging to the Marchioness de Pom- 
padour. 

The Blue Lackered Room^A painted celling by 
Frlsch, and a camp stool on which Frederick II. 
expired. 

The Writing Cabinet— A very beautiful vase, by 
Canova, of Carrara marble, and three fine marble 
statues. 

A splendid marble staircase, lighted from above, 
lesds from the vestibule to the second storey. Here 
is the Oriental Cabinet, hung like a Turkish tent, 
with a table in oriental mosaic which belonged to 
Frederick II. 

The Landscape Room contains landscapes by 
LQtko, and a beautiful alabaster vase. 
T/te ^rotm Room contains a marble chimney- 
piocB on wblcb are caryatides, by Cavazeppi, from 
f Mnd BBven rases by Wedgwood. 



The great marble staircase leads to the Belve- 
dere ; whence is obtained a sidendld view of Pots- 
dam and the country around. 

In the new garden Is the (hxtnfferie, built by 
Langhaus, with a handsome saloon. The Kitchen^ 
built In the form of a half-sunken temple ruin^ is 
joined to the Marble Palace by an underground 
passage. The Reed House Is by Brendal. The 
GrottOy built of Ironstone and scoria. Is Inlaid with 
minerals and glass In the Interior. The Hermitage 
has a marble mosaic floor, representing the five 
parts of the world. The Oreenhouse, with an ex- 
cellent view. Other objects are the Thimbridge, 
the Little Fisherman's House^ and the Gothie Tower, 
with Its Library of French books. 

From Potsdam the rail passes OrOBS-KreUtz, 
whence a dillgenoe runs three times a day to 
Lehnin, where is a fine old abbey-church, restored 
in 1879. 

BRANDBNBUBO (Stat), 
38 miles from Berlin. 
Population, 37,828. 

Hotels. - Schwarzer B&r; Schwarzer Adler 
(Black Eagle); Brandeburg. 

Droschkies at the railway station. The drivers 
have tickets, with the number and the fares. 
Diligences to Bathenow and to Belzig. 
This is the chief town of the old Electorate; and 
the Havel divides it Into the Old Town, New 
Town, and the Dora— or Burg— Insel, a low lyin? 
district between the Old and New Towns, called 
Venice, built on wooden piles. 

Upon the Dom-Insel stands the Old Cathedral, 
1170-1307, restored in 1834 by Schhikel. It has a 
fine altar-piece by Lucas Cranach ; the tomb of a 
Margrave ; and several antique statues and paint- 
ings, and some relics. A stone, inscribed "Judith 
the gem of the Polacks," marks the vault of the 
wife of Albert the Handsome (sometimes styled 
the Bear), the first Margrave and the founder of 
Berlin, who took the town by assault from the 
Wends, 1153. 

A smaller Cathedral Church is Catholic, and is 
one of the oldest buildhigs, dating from 1400. 

The Katherinen Church is an interesting Qothlc 

brick building. At the upper end are large screens 

of rich open tracery, with a fine altar-piece of 

carved wooA, otv o\^ \>xt»\xx^ \w\\, i:\VAft^^ «avd a 

\ Ubrary, 



Route 1.] HAKD-BOOK TO UEBMAKY. — BRAKI>ENBURG, MAGDEBURG. 



19 



In the Altstadt is the old Romanesque-Gothic 
church of St. Oodehard, a portion of which dates 
from 1160, and the Old Rathhaus, which belongs 
to the 18th century. Beyond the Altstadt is the 
Mikolai-Kirche of the 12th century, close to the 
western cemetery. 

The Rolands Saule, before the Rathhaus, is 
eighteen feet high, built 1404. The New Rathhaus 
dates from the 14th century, but has been modern- 
ised and spoiled. Some of the town gates are old, 
and hare picturesque brick towers. Both Old and 
Now Towns were once surrounded by walls. 

There are pleasant walks to the old Castle and 
Church of Marienberg. On this hill is a tower, 114 
feet high, erected in 1880 as a monument to Bran- 
denburgcrs who fell in the wars, 1 864 to 1871. The 
Plauen Canal unites the Harel with the Elbe. 

Brandenburg was founded in the third century, 
and wa« formerly called Brennabor (the Forest 
Burgh); it was the chief town of the circle or 
prorince, from which the Old Mark of Brandenburg 
derives its name. The prorince is a sandy plain, 
including Berlin, Potsdam, Priegnitz, Ki5nigsburg, 
Kttstrin, and Frankfort-on-the-Oder. The Old 
Mark having lapsed to the imperial crown in 1820, 
was pledged by the Emperor Sigismund for 400,000 
gulden to Frederick Burgrave of Nuremberg, of 
the House of HohenzoUern, afterwards created 
serenth Elector and Arch-Chamberlain of the 
empire. 

This prince, called the Elector Frederick I., was 
the first independent sovereign in the line of the 
reigning house. He died 1440, and was succeeded by 
Frederick II. of the Iron Teeth, who redeemed the 
New Mark which had been pledged to the Teutonic 
Knights, and increased his possessions by the 
acquisition of Pomerania and Mecklenburg. Joa- 
chim II., styled Hector, built the new Palace at 
Berlin. Joachim Frederic founded the Joachims- 
thal School. His son, John Sigismund, inherited 
the Duchy of Prussia, hitherto a Polish fief, but 
from henceforth united with Brandenburg. In 
1640 reigned Frederick WilUam, the Great Kur- 
ftirst, or Great Elector, so called from his skill 
and success as a statesman and soldier. He died 
in 1688, leaving Prussia greatly increased in terri- 
tory and power. His son, Frederick III., in 1701, . 
was the Unt to tnke the title of King of Pmssla, \ 



under the title of Frederick I. He was the father 
of Frederick the Great, or Frederick II. in the 
regal line. 

Borg (Stat.), on the Ihle. Population, 
15,890. A town with large cloth manufactures, 
established by the Huguenots, who, when driven 
from France, 1688, were settled here by the Great 
Elector. 

MAQDEBUBQ (Stat.), 
On the Elbe. 

PopuLATiox, 202,325, inclusive of Nbustadt- 
Maqdeburg, and Buckau. 

Hotels.— Magdeburgerhof; Central: Wesche; 
Kaiserhof; Mttller. 

Railways. — To Hanover, Hamburg, Witten- 
burg, Halle, Ac. To Leipslc direct, vid Zerbst, 
was opened 1874. 

Steamers.— To Hamburg in 15 hours. 

Tramway from Neustadt and Buckau to Suden- 
burg. 

Droschkies.— 1 to 2 persons, 50 pf.; 8 persons, 
75 pf.; 4 persons, 1 mk. 

This important town and fortress stands at the 
junction of several rails, and, though comparatively 
modem, its streets are mostly narrow and irregular 
except the Breite Weg, or Broadway, a wide 
thoroughfare, running the whole length of the 
city. It is the seat of the Governor of the Province 
of Prussian Saxony, and of a Protestant BiRhop, 
and is the centre of the beetroot sugar industry, 
and also of large manufactures. 

The Old Town was defended by a citadel and 
several forts ; the old fortifications were removed 
in 1866, and replaced by outer bastions, &c. The 
citadel was built 1680, on an island, and was 
approached by a long bridge. Here La Fayette 
was imprisoned, 1811. The Frederick William 
Bridge, 1,080 feet long, is near the Thurmschauze 
Fort. In the Stem or Star Fort, Baron Trenck 
and General Walgrave were confined. The latter 
was the builder of the Fort, and died in it confined 
as a traitor. Napoleon annexed the town to the 
kingdom of Westphalia, 1806-14. 

In the Thirty Tears' War Magdeburg was un- 

■I 



90 



BRADSHAW'S ILLUI^TSATAD 



[Sec 1. 



of the air pump) war burf^maiiter ; but two years 
Inter, on 10th May, 1031, after three months' 
roHlstanoo, It was takou by Tilly, and glren up to 
three days' plUago. Upwards of 80,000 of the 
Inhabitants were killed, and all the balldlnga 
, iarnt, exempt 180 houses, one church, and the 
(Cathedral, In which about 1,000 of the surrirors 
found refuffo. The last was sarcd at the inter- 
resslon of Canon Bake, who had been Tilly'tf 
schoolfellow. A stone head over the house of the 
'Huriromaster KUhlewein, In the Broadway, witH 
this Inscription, "Think of the 10th May, 1681,'^ 
eemmeniorates the name of the man through whose 
t roaehery the town was taken. The sack, howerer 
dreadful, was according to the military practice o^ 
the age, and was one of the penalties of employing 
tM lU-pald soldiery. Harte's *• Life of Oustavus 
Adolphus" contains a diary of erents as kept by 
a Lutheran clergyman. 

Near the Town House, built 1«91, stands the 
equestrian St^tui ({fthe Emperor Otho /., with his 
two Queens, one of the oldest monuments of the 
kind in Germany (13th century) ; It was restored 
IHW, noeebylsabronieof Bttrgom«8terFrankc, 
1M1. In the Rltter-atrAsae Is a statue of C. G. 
9t(»br«ter, a natlTti, and Ike iBTenlor of the piano- 
fwrte. 

The fViUMHrf is a yenerable Gothic building, 
founded by tbe Emperor Otho about 1911. and 
dnitbed ablaut 1563 j it was completely restored by 
Prederi<^k William lU. The French used it as a 
magaalne during their occupation of the city. 

tt ha» two ttxteenth-eestmry towers, that on the 
north 3«k t^et blgh. and l» «0 feet hmir. Under 
the ftlnet|«l enttanee is the btonae monument of 
Arehhl»hof» firneet by PMer Tischcr. of Nnrem- 
betfr« t^y?* ^^ <^^ ^'^^^^ ^^ twelve pUars. It 
«f«laln» a tnely c«rr«l alabastw Palpiu by 
9eba$llm fiitet nt Cmf^I, ISM: A Foat •( ^i^ 

aliank l» the ty aawn ii» ^ly oM %«n paintings 
oriM«ierbl»hefet«ittheC^the*il. At wail able 
^u>skO. oalMi the «^BIi44 Simm.'^ is j^Mvl 
«««ft Ml whWh th» i l» a» i tb Btshafi 0«s was 

^^^ f m i m m^ rmr^ *~^ ^■'■ ' ' -» ■• 



Organ contains some mechanism by which the 
statues of the apostles and angels are mored. 

There are three painted windows, presented by 
Frederick William III., Emperor Nichblas of 
Russia, and Ernest, King of Hanover, in remem- 
brance of the conferences In 1838. t^ortraits of 
Otho I. and II. are discerned among the arches 
at the east end, and the carvings, wtlch are very 
beautiful. The founder, Otho I., and his Queen 
Editha, who was daughter of our Edward I., were 
burled In the Cathedral; from the tower of which 
is a fine view, including the course of the Elbe, 
the country as far as the Brockcn in the Harz, and 
the Petersberg at Halle. 

Among the monuments is one of Canon Bake or 
Beke, who used his influence with Tilly to save 
the cathedral from destruction when the town was 
sacked; and also one to Fran von Asseburg, a 
woman, who having been buried alive by mistake, 
returned home the night f(dlowing, and survived 
this accident nine years, during which she bore 
several children. On the walls are tablets to the 
memory of the men of Magdeburg, who fell in the 
War of Liberation. 
i St, Jolm't Ckmrch has two towers, 380 feet high. 
i ST. Catkerime''t Ckmrk, rebuilt 166S, contains a 
I portrait of Luther, in an old glass painting. Luther, 
I when a boy. went to the Franciscan School here, 
: 1497-98. The Sebattian CTwreh contains the tomb 
i of Otto von Guerike, above mentioned. 
I The Romanesqne Liebf ranenkirche is in the style 
j of the 12th and 13th eentnries, and is near the 
X cathedral. 

The Ftrstaawall (Prince's Rampart), on the 

• Elbe, is a pablic pvomenade. on whidi are the 
I QoTemment bnfldings. near the railway station. 

In the pablic Cemetery, near the KrSken Gate 

: at the north end of the town, a plain stone maiks 

the fETare of Camot. the mathematlrtan and 

Minister of War in the F^nch BeTulntia^ who 

died here in banishment, 1S3S. 

« Magdebarr is the centre fkoa whldi railways 

} ttait to the Rhine. Ha»baiig. Halle, and Leipsic 

• fi Itir ltmH«ilnnf is npiaii|tiTlllMlR,irilllUll 
I 
I 




Houte l.J ilAND-Book to onttJtAKT.— 

1 — Continued. 



From Magdeburg to Brunswick, 

By rail, as under : — 
English 



English 
miles. 

Frellstcdt 84J 

KBnigslUtter 45 

Brunswick 54 



Magdeburg to miles. 
Niederndodelcben ... 6 

Eilslcbcu 19 

Marienbom 24 

Helmstedt 30 

Up to 1872 the only line was by Hadmcrslebcn, 
Oschersleben (branch to Thale in the llarz, see 
Routes 25 and 26), Jerxheim (branch to Helmstedt, 
16 miles), and Wolfenbiittel. 

This line is now only used for slow trains. 

Helmstedt (Stat.), an old town of Brunswick, 
formerly noted for its University. 

Inn. — Dentsches Hans, in the Market-place. 

In the SchUtzenplatz is a bronze monument to 
those who fell at Waterloo. 

The JuUttm, formerly the University, is in the 
Byzantine style. At the suppressed convent of St. 
Ludgeri, near the town, is a fine church with a 
holy well, and an iron cross, erected 1846, in honour 
of the Saint, who first preached the Gospel here. 

The LUbbensteine, on Cornelius Hill, are supposed 
to bo sacrificing stones of heathen times. 

The suppressed Convent of the Augustine order, 
on the Marienburg, has a Idth century church. 

A short distance from the town are the Clarabad 
and Bad Helmstedt Hydropathic Establishments, 
with iron and steel springs. 

[Short direct line to Oebisfelde.] 

The only station of note between Helmstedt and 
Brupswick is KSslgSliitter, with a Romanesque 
church, founded 1185, by Lothair II. Tombs of 
himscli^, his wife, and son-in-law. 

[The old rail goes by Oschersleben and Jerxheim 
into the Brunswick territory at 

BcbiippMlBtedt (Stat.) An open town on the 
Alteuau, with a larg^ church. " Till Enlenspiogcl," 
was bom in the neighbourhood, at the village of 
Kneitlingep, in the first half of the fourteenth 
century. Then to 

WO^JPENBUTTEL (Stat.) 

POSUI.A.TIOV, U,ji^. 

HoTSL.— Kroopripz. 

A town on the Oaker, in the Duchy of Bruns- 
wlo'k. It Wj^ th^ litBideDce of the Diike till 1754, 



WOL]^BMfiL"rTJBL, BltUNSWICK. 21 

and is still the seat of the Supreme Courts of 
Justice, Ac. it consists of the town proper, and 
two ruinous suburbs, on the site of the old walls. 
Chief objects are the Arsenal, Castle, and Barracks, 
the Public Gardens, and the large and excelleiil 
Ltbtxiry, which contains above 300,000 vols., 8,000 
MS8., 300 Bibles, among which is Luther's BihU\ 
with notes in his own handwriting, his wedding 
ring, glass, spoons, and portrait by Cranach, Ji 
great number of political pamphlets, and a missal, 
painted by A. Diirer. Leasing, the German scholar, 
was for a long time the librarian, and more lately, 
Ebers, a well known bibliographer. 

At the entrance is Lessitig's statue, on an old 
altar of Blankenburg marble; with tragic an<l 
comic masks, and the inscription, "G. C. Lessing. 
philosopher, poet, and the pride ot Germany, at 
once the favourite of the Muses, and of his friends. 
Some of his grateful contemporaries erected this 
monument to him, 1795." Here he published his 
learned "Wolfenbiittel Fragments;" also, his 
Fables, in prose and verse, an English transla- 
tion of which is published by Nutt, in the Strand. 

The old building was replaced (1888) by a new 
one, but the small house in which Lessing lived 
remains. 

St. Mary's Church is a beautiful old building, 
with a new tower, and contains the vault of the 
ducal family. Leather gloves and paper goods are 
made here. 

Near the railway station, where the Magdeburg 
and Brunswick, and the Brimswick and Harzbnrg 
lines unite, is a restaurant, having a fine view 
of the Brocken.] 

BRUNSWICK (Stat) 

Population, 101,047. 

I^NS.— Deutsches Haus; Hotel de Prusse; 
Blauer Engel ; Schraders; Eiche. A good refresh- 
ment room at the station, near "Wilhelm's Gate. 
Brunswick is noted for its sausages, and Mumme, 
a kind of sweet beer, once known in England. A 
groovelcss Tram is open. 

The chief town of the Duchy of Brunswick 
(called Braunschweig in (jrerman), and sometime the 
residence of the duke ; watered by several arms 



22 



fiRADBHAW^S iLLUSTRAtEt) 



[Sec. 1. 



now an old-looking picturesque town, containing 
many timbered houses of the 15th century, a 
peculiarity of these being that their sid«s face the 
street. The seven gates remain, but the fortifica- 
tions and walls were razed by the French, 1794, 
and the site laid out in walks and gardens. The 
flag is blue and yellow. 

Must of the antiquities here originated with 
Henry the Lion, includhig his own monument, 
called the Luwensaulc, near the Cathedral, a 
bron/.e, said to have been brought by him from 
Constantinople. It faces his ancient palace, used 
as a barrack since 1752, and now restored. 

The Cathedral of St. Blaize (Burgkirche) was 
built in the Romanesque style, by Henry the Lion, 
after his return from Palestine, 1194; and was 
enlarged by the addition of aisles, in the 15th 
century. On the high altar, beneath which is an 
ancient crypt, is the seven-branched Candlestick^ 
given by Henry, like the one seen by him in the 
Temple Church of Jerusalem. The altar is of 
Purbeck marble, on five pillars; the table was the 
gift of his wife Matilda, sister of Richard Coeur 
de Lion. There are many relics brought from the 
Holy Land, besides some early frescoes, brought 
to light in repairing the church, 1854. Here are 
the tombs of Henry the Lion, and his wife 
Matilda; also the family vault of the Dukes of 
Brunswick, surrounded by four sleeping lions of 
iron. Among nine of the line of Guelph buried 
here, are Duke Charles William, who was mortally 
wounded at Jena, 1806, and his son Frederick 
William, killed at Quatre Bras, at the head of his 
famous Black Brunswickers. The garlands placed 
there by his people are still seen on his coflSn. 
Here also is the grave of his sister, Caroline of 
Brunswick, the unhappy wife of George IV. 
Bnrgenhagen, or Pomeranus, used to preach here 
at the Reformation. 

The Ditcal Palace (Residenz Schloss) was burnt 
in 1830 during an insurrection. A new palace 
built in its stead was also burnt by accident in 
1865, and has been rebuilt in a handsome style, 
410 feet long. Prince Albert of Prussia is the 
■•wew/ Besrent of Bronswick. 

''^ar//n's C^urcA, a fine Gothic building of the 

B«wii^, reiuHrkable /or Its sculptured pulpit, 

*— ^ or»8s font (1444). 



Near it is the Alt^tadt Rathhaus. or Old Totcn 
Hall^ a curious Gothic pile of 13th to 15th century, 
adorned with statues representing the ancient 
Saxon rulers. This is faced by a curiou.-ly 
decorated metal Fountain, erected in 1408. 

Near the Cathedral is the fine bronze Lion, put 
up by Henry the Lion; the pedestal is modern. 

Some of the other Churches deserve notice for 
age (mostly of 13th and 14th centuries), carvings, 
windows, or paintings. Among these are St. 
Catherine's, St. Ulrich's, and St. Peter's. The 
Magnikirche is the oldest of all in the town. 
Another, called the Aegidi (St. Giles) Church, is 
used for exhibitions and musical performances. 

On the promenade between the Stein and 
Augustine Gates is an iron Obelisk to the memory 
of Duke Charles William and Frederick William, 
l)efore mentioned. See Route 11. 

Near the Stcln Thor, in a garden, is the monu- 
ment (1840) to the memory of another Brunswick 
hero, Schill, who was taken at Stralsund, and shot 
by the French in 1809, with fourteen of his com- 
panions in arms. 

The chapel contains the bust of Schill, in bronze, 
made from one of the cannon taken by the Prus- 
sians ; also busts of the Archduke Charles of 
Austria ; of Hof er, presented by the town of Inns- 
bruck; and of Duke Frederick William. Among 
other relics of Schill here are a letter case, pre- 
sented to him by Queen Louise, his clothes, sword, 
and pistols, and escutcheons of all the ofiBcers of 
SchiU's corps. 

The Ducal Museum is in the Park. It contains 
a fair collection of Dutch and German pahit- 
ings and other works of art, coins, i»ints, 
engravings, and designs, with the uniform in 
which the Duke was killed at Quatre Bras. 
Among the paintings are Adam and Eve, by 
Palma Vecchio; Cephalus and Proeris, by Quido 
Reni; Old Man with a Book, by Caravaggio; 
Marriage Contract, by Jan Steen ; Hugo Qrotius, 
by Rembrandt; Spinola, by Rubens; Vandyck's 
Lord Strafford; Kneller's Lord Macclesfield; the 
Four Seasons, by Teniers ; Van der Meer*8 Qirl 
with Wineglass ; with many others, by Flemish 
artiats espft<i,\a\\Y. 1\vw^ S& a Holy Family by 



Route 1.] 



BAND-BOOK TO C^BRMANiT. — ^BfttKSWIG^, HANOTEB. 



23 



ware; bnt the greatest ornament of this collection 
i» the fnmons Onyx Cnp, which Dake Charles 
carried off in his flight to England; brought back 
since his death at Genera. 

This mnseum is open free to the public during 
the summer months, daily, from 10 to 1}, with some 
exceptions. There are upwards of 900 paintings, 
many of slight merit. Catalogue, 1 mk. 

Other buildings are the Ducal Polytechnicum, 
now a Technical School, or Caroline College, 
founded by Duke Ferdinand Albert, 1745; School of 
Anatomy ; the Stadt-Mnscum, with a fine collec- 
tion of antiquities. Open, Sundays, 11 to 1, and 
Thursdays, 3 to 5. 

Lcssing was buried at Brunswick. His statue, 
by Rietschel (1863), is in the Lessings-platz, on the 
site of the old walls. It is also the birthplace of 
Spohr, the musician. 

An ayenuc of limes leads from the town, past 
the Ducal yilla, or Wilhelms Schloss, in the Gothic 
style (1830), to Richmond^ a castle built as a 
summer residence, in a park, imitated from Rich- 
mond Park. The gypsum quarries at Thiede con- 
tain many fossils. 

The beautiful Promenades, handsome Theatre 
(1861), the Holland'scher Garten, and the Botanical 
Gardens (closed on Sundays and festivalu, also 
erery day from 12 to 2), form special attractions. 

A direct line from Brunswick to Hildesbelm 
(page 80) was opened in 1887. 

From Lehrte, the rail branches off on the south 
to HUdesheim (see Route 22), and on the north, to 
LUneberg and Harburg. 

The Duchy of Brunswick was formerly inhabited 
by the Wends, and includes the Harz mountains, 
which lie on the south, and are 2,880 feet high, at 
the Wormberg. During the French occupation, 
Napoleon made it part of the Kingdom of West- 
phalia. The reigning family is one of the oldest 
iu Germany, deriving its origin from Guelph, 
Duke of Bararia, who died 1 101, and was descended 
from Albert Azo I., Marquis of Estc, in Italy. 
Two lines s|Hring from him, viz.: the elder or 
ducal Ifaie of Bnmswick-Wolfenbiittel, and the 



the crown of England, through his descent on the 
female side from James I. The ducal line expired 
with the late duke, and in consequence of the 
erents of 1S67, the duchy is now under the 
regency of Prince Albert of Prussia. 

Ftom Brunswick to Hanoyer, 

By railway (Hannoversche Eisenbahn), as 
under : — 



English 
Brunswick to miles. 

Vechelde %\ 

Peine lb\ 

H'amelerWald ... 22 



English 
miles. 
Lehrte Junction .. 274 
[BtHMch to Liineberg.] 
Hanover 87i 



HANOVER (Stat) 

Population, 165,499, inclusive of Linden. 

Hotels.— Royal, a capital house, opposite the 
station, and open all night; Continental, near 
the Royal Theatre; Union Hotel; de Russie; 
Rudolph; Hotel Borremann ; Hotel Hartmann. 

English Church. — Service in the Nlcolai Kapelle, 
in Klages Markt, on Sundays. 

English Books, Ac, including BradshatD's Quidety 
at 14, Bahnhof-strasse. 

Railway. — To Minden, Dusseldorf, Cologne, 
Brunswick, Magdeburg, Halle, Leipsic, Berlin, 
Gottingen, Ac, see Bradshaw's Continental Guide. 

Tram— Through the city; about 15 miles. 

The capital (since 1641) and scat of government 
of the now exthict Kingdom of Hanover {Han" 
ndver in German), on the Leinc, which is navigable 
to this point. It was at first a fishing town, 
founded in the twelfth century, by Henry the Lion, 
and was a member of the Hanseatic League. 
It is a good specimen of an old German town, in 
some of its narrow and irregular streets ; but the 
new town, with the iBgidian quarter, including 
George Frederick and Adolphus streets, built 
(1837-61) by the late king, Ernest Augustus, Duke 
of Cumberland, and Prlnzen and Kbnigs-strasse, 
is handsome and regular. The suburbs cover the 
site of the old walls and gate, levelled 1780 ; and 
contain the public Gardens (Gartengemeinde). 
Linden-vor-Hannover, 28,000 inhabitants, is a 



younger, or Electoral line of Brunswick-Lttneberg, separate, chiefly manufacturing, quarter near the 
represented by the ex-King of Hanover. Of tbls \ "LVwAtveTcXiWS. 

Uitorline wm George Lewis, Bon of the Elector \ "Scat V\i<i %V«c\.Vitv\%'^Q\'S^^^»N.^^^^^»^^ 
Ernest Augustae, who succeeded as George I., to \ invest k\x^\\%V>\*>^VQA>^wsN.^^^^^'^^ ^ 



/« jt-t^i^jLAW « :^ij:«nAS3 ;S«e. 1. 



«r« / 



h,," 'f' " / A- i ' - '-/ . .'■ , .,r.:.«aii 2«a«i«r ^aj^ju ji wxiia ii* :=aj«» txiiTjcfcc lakes 
A'/^///' .• / / . >,^.T- -'-'-; : J. . - i- : - pj-.^ 12:. «=ijiiei*i 177*. for the 

'' ' "• •-'. *• "•■" '■'-' f'^truLJi^ai EiiM. zjLti SJfoZ *r^/«r7 TSirt>r. cne of 

T;.* *i-i.=j, ibio^a. CkiibL was a p«rfors:«r and 
> / ""' •' ' •'"'//.'"'/. '- .' /^ ....-.*,', ^^xtyy^r a=ci*lf. C«cas WalLaoden's <vIIection 
^AM. vi' .,?,/...." f ,,.*•/ - ft'.. / • :../•- tf*. * ,,j palati::!! azid a=:k::Jues &;» t«k>n^ to the 



■ / -'ii'/./i .< 






/ .«„;,»/ - •',.." r,/ 4V, ,v f»'... • -':••' -.•.>.': '.f Zv:.\^.rjt. Thftre b am Iciosxiial ExhiMtion. open 

/' *,i,i' • «/<.i' u 'It' I' *'»>'■ '#" * .'...* f ' /. -/.;; -(, in ff^^ tipt.: vita an Indattzial SchcoL 

M.f. I'.- ■»'-; Ehsftlhart* «fate o/5c*Cifr (186J) is in the 

I ij, .. f • I. 1. fi*ori;-p\itz. near the Lycenm. The Houst in 

... ., I ,,,. .f. ,.. I ,., /..-„., whifth Ltibnttz was bom is an old buUdins: in 

W«M/ ....,J.t„„/l.w- f.,fV.H OH^.-i»Mh/:r«ntl* »obmi*de-stras»e. HerscheL the astronomer, who 

I* Mil l'iil.i'« •fUh\i^i»\\i*ih,ii;lntin»iiit'/n t',inn, wa* a musician in the roral band, was born hero. 

Hit'linui ill «'t.Mii»i< ImI< Hiij/ II'. w1«/I; wilhltio ^^imw^riiiann is buried here. 

HiivnIi'IhIJi '• fMiM'<iHll,.ii<fivoi/iiplii|liyilii-'|'iMiii ! TIk: I/err^nhauten Palace is approached by an 

f i'iii|i<iii', Mini Mliliiiv Mfliniil Nun ii U , avo.uuc. atKjvc a mile long, through a garden laid 

'IIm' Wnhthui n,inh, III U'lili-iliHi jiliily;, fifriii^rly ; out in the French style, with formal clipped hedges. 



(Ill- I >i|iliHiMili- 'MiN U II iitlliir \iih fi'i't IiIkIi, mid 
I-IA i"''i III iIIiiiii'>Im, Mrllli IWii Kd'iiH 111 llin liitcrlnr, 
liMiillHii lit IIh- Vli hii( oil llinlnp (|h:I'J). Il bilN 
lllh lllni ll|i||ii|l, "'I'llf llllllliftll l''MllH'ilrill«i Id IImi 

l'i<ui|lliiii«« nl UmImIiih" IMi lliit liiiNP uro tlui 
iii|ini<ii III 'Mill iirtiniU'iliiiiN sslm (rll nl WiilorlrMi, 
••■•n hilt iniili'i Hfiii'lMiriiiliit Alli'ii, ^vhnoo iitulur 
li« KUihiui-l U tiiMn (INIM) III \\w Niiuut miUiU'v, w\ 
iiKit Hlilit U Htti MtiiMUiuMtl lo Iirt6i«i/:, wllhllvw- 



Thi! Klcctrcss Sophia died suddenly here. It was 
tli» favourite scat of her son, George I. Here are 
n prlviitt! theatre; water-works and a great foun- 
tain, which rises 220 feet; the Wtljen Mu^tm; 
iHime nntlquitios and paintings; and the Mauso- 
leum, In which King Ernest Augustus i-s buried, 
with his statue, by Ranch. 

Not far from this is the Welfenschloss (Palace 
i»f tlio (luolphs), a royal castle, now conrerted 
Into a Tolytd'huic School. 



((lull) >t t hi \\\s\ i»»m|»h» On rtHolhor nUli^ of tbiN ' 'l'l»« ZotUoglcal Gardens (chiefly deer and hares), 

Mi«i»i' AW lUiMhh* HiiUrti'VH UuMiMHhU; nndthr «* *'»** villagt* of Klrohrodo, are situated on the 

\\'v\\.\\ tUo N\ rtU »S%m»i«urtao urtUhU rt \l»»\\ «» rallw«y to Brunswkk. 

«rt» rt- \\w M^\ SM \^^\\* '*'^* Ciuu-i^rc GanKni of TivoU is very fine, and 

\Uo A\.%» ;.^x» > sM .V»%*U\u'v ivuumn i;\OiM> fr\sitto«t*M by goo*l company. 

\ i^Uitwi"* . i«««A .1 \SV M>H . i\w\|(4m)i (Itx'M'v'l L^U4\Ua, Ttio KliHirdvUtt \^ llanorer. now iiicorparated with 

\i\A Ui «^ ««« ^ '« «u tu >\ \\W'\ \w %UvU . ^Wo *'\'uvr\\*» rru»»iA. f\Mrw« thcmvth^wesi comer of Gtrmmny, 

\^.i(,»< ^^»to«N«( t^ M«Mu«. t'\ k\tuxL on |vjiv\'h lKi>ik«vu I ho KUv.thoNxMTthS^a. and Holland: and 

'.\»t H.^ « uviioib'i «l\x' sio o( \'.',o l^»o,v;\Mr i^dixuWvl tui\«^i\ I'A^viucvs. The n>yal family ii 

\ ■ 1 , . \ >.« Un'- \ \ I'.V .*■'.' * '.♦siv I'.uwS': >\f »W>»vtt»Usl irvHw a >oatt^vr branch of the Brons- 

'N - .', •\.- V »N« '-x- >> I* '"*.■. \»u'l Utto i>ultf Knictt A*A«ras:cs was otvatc«i 

11. . » W < V V \-,N A »'*A'\> ,s; xV '^'W h;vs^ VUv:^^ro: tiw l^ayfinr. l«*?; asi his «c b«- 

X N. V .t -'N- «'.o \^^ .*'%N :.»-• '.'^. , >ik'.,^ sN^aitc K;v^ o^ l^ias^ a« i9««.Yy« I . cctte<k«ih 

" \ • \ '. A^' \\^ .. ».N % ; * ;x iVA..'.'\>A \S»*< 04 \*'.N\ ITi^ l». 1:$^? ;V{ oo;i!t;ry ♦i* i3c-I^«kd 

♦ • * « .'^'\ •».» 'Co\s j» V A'w A" >^ \4k«v\v« UK 5io 'k-JK^'^.'OL cc W^raxL^i. la 



Hp«^ 1.3 



HAKD-fiOOK TO OfimiANT.T-KAKQVBfi, MlKDfiK. 



25 



'Vf^^Uqn |y., without male issu^ (1837), when in 
oonf mnuity with Salic law, his next brother, the 
Duke of Cumberland, ascended the throne of Han- 
orer, as Kin^ Ernest Augustus, the government 
having been preyiously administered by a regency 
UDder the Duke of Cambridge. 

The first step of the n^w king was to revoke the 
chartex granted by William lY., which was fol- 
lot^ro4 by a protest from the Gottingcn professors, 
and the refusal 0^ i^everal towns to return deputies 
to the Estates ; but without any useful result. 

In the eventful year 1867, Hanover decided on 
Joining Austria and the German Bund against 
Bmiila. In consequence of this the Prussian 
forces under General von Falkensteln took posses- 
tkA of the Stade on 17th June, and of the city of 
Hanover on the 5th July; the Hanoverian army, 
in its attempts to march southward, being com- 
pelled to surrender after some fighting. W^^i^ 
A^tria was defeated, Hanover applied for an 
armistice it^ith Prussia; this was refused ; and the 
Un^dcmi was annexed to the Prussian dominions 
in September. The blind ex-King removed a 
large treasure in bonds and shares to England, and 
was sometime a resident at Hietzing, near Vienna; 
then in Paris, where he died, 1873. 

A line frpm Hanover to AltenllOken <vas 
opened 1873, past Weetzen, Bennigsen, Hameln 
(Route 20), f^yrmont Spa (Route 20) and Berg- 
gheim; 61 miles long. 

KOXJTB 1 — Continued, 
Hanover to Mnden, Calogne, and Aachen. 

By rail, 1 to 2 hours. 



English miles. 

Seelze 7 

Wunstorf 13 

Haste 

Lindhorst 



English miles. 

Stadthagen 26f 

Kirchhorsten 80 

Bttckoburg 35 

Minden 40i 



At Wnnst^fKTf (Stat.), the Bremen line turns off. 
Diligence to i^ebbnxv Bad in H hours, see below. 

Haste (Stf|it.) — Here a branch line, 14^^ miles 
long, was opened 1872 to Nenndorf Saline and Sul- 
phur Baths. 

CNenndorf (Stat.), which belonged to the late 
Elector of Hesse, who has a seat here, is much 
frequented for its alkaline sulphur springs, used 
for bathing and drinking. The establishment 
poijRINW^ JiJi Qoedfttl appliances for the U9Q Ot 
(nrai^ aa/l a taplQ cj'huto. Cheaf lodgings 



are to be had, and there are many wipks in the 
neighbourhood.] 

Buckebnr^ (Stat.) 

Population, 5,090. 

iro/e?«.^Deut8ches Haus; Berliner Hof. 

Capital of the little Principality of Lippc, on the 
river Aa, and residence of the Prince of Schauni- 
burg-Lippe, whose Castle is here suiTounded by a 
good park. Population of the Principality, S9,18;i. 
The Church was built 1613. Near it are the Cast Ic 
of Schaumbiirg, and the Pcuchenburg^ a hill l,14''i 
feet high, with a fine view of the valley of the 
Weser as far as the Brocken and the Teutobur^ 
Wood. In summer there is a diligence to 

Eilsen, where are four sulphur springs, called the 
Julianen, Georgen, Augen, and Ncuwiesen, which 
you may bathe in or drink. Here also arc tho 
slime or mud baths, which are useful for rheu- 
matism, skin, and many other diseases. 

Eilseu may be reached quite as quickly on fcut, 
by a pleasant road. 

There is a monument to the Princess Juliana, 
and the mausoleum to Comit William of Schaum- 
burg-Lippo, of our George II/s time. This (k>nnt 
William was the founder of a Military School, near 
Rehburg (below), in which Schamhorst, the great 
regenerator of the Prussian army, was afterwards 
trained. 

Pleasant trips may be made to the Amsbcrg, the 
waterfall at Langenf eld, the Porta Westphalica, the 
Ludner Klippe, the Harelsberg, and the Paschcn- 
burg. 

A few miles north of Btickeburg is the bathing- 
place of RebbUIi; 9^Al ^"^ ^^® Steinhuder Meer. 
seven miles from Hanover, with salt and iron 
springs, good for scrofula, Ac. Diligence from 
Wunstorf Station (above). 

MIHDEH (Stat.), in Prussia. 

Population, 20,208. 

HoTBLS.— Germania; Victoria; Stadt London; 
Twietmeycr's. 

Railway.— To Cologne, Berlin, Ac, and 0»na- 
briick, Rheine, on the direct line to England. 

Diligences. — To Lfi.bbecke and Stolzcnau. 

Minden, in the Prussian province of Westphalia, 
is an old tovina^ oiSkS.^ l<iT\.S&ft.^ w^. 'Ca&'^^asss-v'^'"'^* 



\ 



2G 



BHADSRAW S tLL1TSTRAT£D 



[Sect. 



and wat ftirmerly Inclosed by strong fortifications, 
rebuilt in 1815, bnt lerelled in 1873. 

The Roman Catholic Cathedral, in the Dom-platz, 
is an old Gothic building, partly of the eleventh 
century, with fine windows, a tower, and a good 
statue of St. Antony on the high altar. Here also 
\% n painting by Aldogrcver (a Westphalian artist 
of the sixteenth century) of the baptism of Witte- 
kind, the Saxon, by Charlemagne. 

The church of St. Martin has an altar-piece by 
L. Cranach. Several Diets of the empire were held 
here. 

There is a new stone bridge across the Weser, 
replacing the old one, which dated from 1578. 

Ilerr Kruger has a gallery of old German works. 

The town carries on a good trade in sugar 
refining, vinegar, beer, &c. Steamers and small 
vessels come up from Bremen. 

About three miles distant is the famous Porta 
Westphalica, formed by two hills, through which 
the Weser flows. These hills are called Jacob's 
and Wittekind's Hills, and command an extensive 
view. On the top of the latter, about 760 feet 
high, Wittekind was baptised by Charlemagne, a 
fact commemorated by a ruinous chapel. 

The Battle of Minden was fought at Todtcn- 
hansen, in the neighbourhood, where Frederick of 
Brunswick, on the 1st August, 1759, with 40,000 
Prussians defeated a French array of twice the 
strength, inflicting a loss of 8,000 men. 

In 1651 thirty-one persons were burnt here for 
witchcraft. 

From Mlnden to Cologne. 

By rail (Coln-Mindener-Eisenbahn) in 6 to 9 hours. 



English 
Minden to miles. 

Porta 8^ 

Rehme (Bad Oeyn- 

hausen) 9^ 

LUhne 13 

[Branch to Osna- 
bruck, 80m.] 

Herford 19i 

Bielefeld 28 

Brackwede 80 

Otttersloh 89 

Rheda 4A\ 

Oelde 51 

mtum „, 36 

^^ " 70 / 



English 
miles. 
[Branches to Mun- 
ster, Soest, and 
Unna, on the 
direct line to 
Cologne, as be- 
low.] 

Camen 79 

Dortmund 88} 

[Loop Line of the 

Bergische-Mar- 

kische to Essen, 

vid Steele: 

Lsngrendreer 8 

Bocham 12 



English miles. 

Steele 18 

Essen 23] 

(At Langendreer 
a branch comes in 
from Haaren, on 
the Bergisch-MUrk- 
ische). 

Castrop 97i 

Wanne 99} 

[Branches to Osna- 

bui^, Bremen, 

&c.] 
Heme 101| 



EngUsli miles. 
[Bramh lAnf to 

MUnater, rtA 

Haltem.] 

Essen lllf 

Oberhausen 118f 

Duisburg 123} 

Calcum 182 

Dtisseldorf 139 

Benrath 145 

Langenfeld 150 

Kiippersteg 154 

Mttlheim-on-the 

Rhine 160 

Deutz 163 

Cologne — 



Gclsenkirehen 107| 

A line from Hamm to Diisseldorf, 71 miles, 
passes the following stations:— 



miles. 
Essen 47} 



[Brantii to Alten- 
essen.] 

Rellinghausen 50 

Werden 63 

Kcttwig 65f 

HSsel 68$ 

Ratingen 62} 

Rath 65 

Grafenberg 67} 

DUsseldorf 71 



miles. 

Boenen 6 

Unna 11} 

Holzwickede 15} 

[Branch to Sch werte.] 

Aplerbeck 17} 

Hoerde 20 

Dortmund 25 

Marten 80 

Langendreer 33} 

Bochum 37f 

Steele 48| 

(OntheVohwinkel 
and Herdecke to 
Hagen line.) 

The principal towns are Dortmund (page 28), 
Bochum, and Essen (page 28). 

At Porta, the direct line to Cologne passes 
through the Porta Westphalica (see under Minden), 
and crosses the Weser between the little town of 
Ylotho and the watering-place of 

Bad-Oeynhaiuen, also called Rehme. The 
Tillage of the latter name lies about 2 miles off, 
and contains the important salt mines, called 
Neusalzwerk, where is a shaft 2,200 feet deep. 
The small town of Bad-Oeynhausen has capital 
arrangements for visitors, about 4,000 of whom 
come annually. There is a handsome bath-room, 
with a Kursaal, and grounds for exercise after 
taking the waters. 

L51llie, the junction for Osnabruck. 

Herford (Stat.) Population, 19,000. 

IWM. — Stadt Berlin ; Rhode's. 

An old town on the Werre. 

Bt. JokiCt Church has a tower 250 feet high, some 
good painted glasft^ atid t\i& citxi.'cV&t. «.w^ docVt^^Vw^ 
cup of WltteWnd, -w^o Va \>ut\%ai \vwft. Kxawvj.- 



Ubnte 1.] 



HA^B'fiOOK To G&RitAKY. — BEfiFOfiD, MONSTER. 



27 



aent, erected by tbe Emperor Cbarlcs lY. to this 
old Saxon chief in 1877, is in the neighbonring 
Tillage of Enffer (5 miles), in the Monchklrche, 
«4}oining the remains of an abbey. Branch line 
through Lage to Detmold (Route 20). From Lage 
rail to Letngo (page 77). 

Bielefeld (Stat) 

Jnm.— Drei Kronen ; Ravcnsbergcr Hof . 

A town with 39,942 inhabitants, in a fine valley 
watered by the Lutter. It has large bleach- 
ing grounds and spinning mills: with St. Maria 
and Nicholas Gothic chnrchcs of the 13th century; 
and the old Castle on the Sparenberg, built in the 
12th century by the Counts of Ravcnsberg, and 
afterwards inhabited by the Great Elector, Fried- 
rich Wilhelm of Brandenburg, about 1650. Good 
riews from the Johannisberg, Ac. 

(Short line 27 miles to Osnabruck, page 42.) 

From Hamm (Stat), the capital of the county 
of Mark, on the Lippc, an iron manufacturing 
town, with 25,000 inhabitants, a second railway 
goes north to Mtinster, and east to Paderbom by 
the Soest and Lippstadt route. The French Princes, 
after their flight, 1790, resided here at the Nassauer 
Hof. The river water is good for sore eyes. 
Remains of a Roman camp near Beckum. 

[From Hamm to Mlinster. 

The stations on the Westphalisch Line ore- 
English miles. 

Drensteinfnrt 9i 

Mlinster 21 

Thence to Rheine, 24| miles, on the direct route 
to N. Germany from Holland, where the lines from 
Emden and Osnabrttck unite. 

KUKBTEB (Stat.), in Prussia. 

Population, 49,844, chiefly Roman Catholics. 

Hotels.— K5nig von England (King of Eng- 
land); Rheinischer Hof. 

Railways.— To Paderbom, Hanover, Cologne, 
^M to Osnabrttck, in the direction of Bremen 
and Essen, vi& Haltem and Gelsenkirchen. 

This town, on the Aa, is the capital of the Pro- 

timet 0/ Westphalia; was founded in the sixth cen- 

tmrj, vnder the name ot Miningerode or Melland; 

btttHBpntent name la derived from a Moncutery 

MdeptaeopalCbarcb, bnilt by Charlemagne, about 



972. The bishopric, which wai usually held by 
the Archbishop of Cologne, as Prince Bishop, was 
secularised in 1803, and annexed to the Grand 
Duchy of Berg. It is famous in history for the 
Anabaptist rising of the sixteenth century, under 
John Bockolt, a tailor, better known as John of 
Leyden (the Prophets of Meyerbeer's opera), who 
drove out the Bishop, and called himself King of 
Zion, his new name for Mtinster. He struck a 
silver coin, one of which is in the Hanover Museum. 
From the tower of St. Lambert's Church once hung 
the three iron Cages in which he and the other 
leaders were suspended, to be tortured with red 
hot pincers, previous to their execution. His 
curiously carved house stands in the market-place. 
The cages are still preserved in an old convent, in 
Salz-strasse, and the pincers in tho Rathhaus. 

Mtinster is a picturesque old place, abounding in 
ancient Gothic churches and carved buildings of 
great beauty and interest. It contains several broad, 
well-built streets, and good high houses, some of 
which, as the Romberg and Droste Palaces, deserve 
notice. The lower storeys of some of the principal 
streets, especially round the market place, are 
lined with arcades. Here the Peace of Westphalia 
was signed (1648), after the Thirty Years' War. 

The Cathedral^ in the Dom-platz, is a beautiful 
building of the thirteenth century, half Roman- 
esque, half Gothic, with two transepts, and the 
chapel of the brave and warlike Bishop Bernard 
von Galen, who contrived to maintain a large army 
of mercenaries, and sometimes turned them on his 
own people. It contains an Apostelgang or Roodlof t, 
with a fine stone staircase, much stained glass, 
a clock with the signs of the zodiac, &c., and 
a large library. It was greatly disfigured by the 
Anabaptists. 

The grave of the Archbishop of Cologne, Clement 
Augustus of Droste, who died 1845, is marked by 
a simple stone. 

The Castle (Schloss), formerly the residence of 
the Prince Bishop, has a Botanical Garden and 
park behind it, on the site of the citadel and walls, 
razed in the last century. 

The fine Gothic Town Hall (Rathhaus) contains 




28 



MUtMfLkM*A ILLMTfUTBD 



LSee.1. 



mod tlM portraits ot all the prince* and ainl>a*M- 
doTf prefent os tbat occasion. Their seats ar^ 
preserred, witb several memorials of the Anabap- 
tist times ; nmoDe others, the iustroments of tor- 
ture ose<l at the execution of John of Leyden, of 
whom there is a portrait. 

at. Lambertui (LAmbertikirche). a beautiful 
Gothic church of the fourteenth century, had a 
tall steeple, which was taken down as unsafe in 
1881. There are some restored paintings of the 
Koroanesque period. The St. Maurice Church, a 
Romanesque buildingr, by Bishop Erpho, with 
three towers, rebuilt in 1862. St. Scrvatius Church, 
of the same age, has a new spire (1858). The 
Ueberwasserkirche was built by Bishop Galen, in 
the IMh century. It has fine stained glass and 
mural paintings. The St Clement's Church h&% 
an excellent hospital, in which the Sisters of 
Mercy attend. The St. Leger Church (Ludgeri- 
kirche). partly Bomanesqiie of the 12th century, 
has a good Gothic tower, restored 1860. The Jesuijt 
Cburcb <im-9) is disused. 

The principal relics of olden times are the 
Zwinger and the Buddenthnrm (remains of the 
tortifications); the Weigb-houHe, early 17th cen- 
tury, near the Kathhaus ; not far from this, the 
Stadtkcller (li^rO), containing the early Italian 
and German pictures of the Kunstvcrcln; the 
Schoehaus; and the Kramer- AmthaTis ; in the 
Alte Stoinwcg. It has a good trade in Rhenish 
wines, woollen yam, and Westphalian hams. 

Dortmund (Stat.), in Westphallan Prussia. 

POFCLATIOK, 89,692. 

/nil.— Belle Vue. 

An old Hans town and impefial city, one of the 
principal seats of the Vehmgericht, or Tribunal 
of the Red Soil. Near the station is a lime tree 
under which, in the Kliuigahof, the Emperor 
Sigismund took the oath to this famous tribunal 
in 1429, the Archbishop being President. 

The Dominical Church has curious Westphalian 
paintings of the 16th century; and the other 
churches, especially the Rcinhold and Marien, are 
worth seeing. The Town Hall is one of the oldest 
in Germany, built in the 13th century. 
^ y/y/ff jg open to WcUvCT (page 19). Another 
"^ ^^Uaen and OFOmin, to Bnschede, anfi 

%iffJTolland. rrom Oronan it ia 30 mlies 



to MQnater. Thfira ia a oonnecUoa ^ith Cl9f9l4 
and UlAFdt. At Mnj, « branch to CMll^Il- 
ktndien goea off. The whole district is inter- 
sected with short bnu&ch linea. 
Esaen (Stat.), in Prussia. 

POPCLATIOK. 78,723. 

Hotels. — Berliner Hof ; Essener Hof. 

Till 1802, this town was a free imperial town, 
where the Friistentage or Diets of the provinces 
of Westphalia and the Rhine were held. It stands 
on the Borne, 1^ mile from the railway station, 
and is the centre of a coal district, and large iron 
and steel manufactures. 

At Krupp's Steei Works there are about 1,650 
furnaces, 1,553 ovens, 450 steam-engines, besides 
numerous forges, lathes, planing, boring, aiul 
other machines; and about 82 steam-hammers (i>iio 
50 tons). They employ 11,000 hands, and can make 
200 tons of steel daily, and 800 guns a month. 

The old Monastery ChurcH (MUnsterkirche). 
originally founded in 87S, has a remarkable 
branched candlestick of bronze, and four gold 
crosses ornamented with precious stones, presented 
by the Emperor's sister, Mechtildis, in 998. The 
Qnirinus church was the oldest Christian church 
in these parts. A line to Sidialke (towards 
Wannc), and an extension from Bodium (popula- 
tion, 47,618; to Heme were opened 1875. Bocbuni 
has a handsome new Protestant spire Churcli. 
About 6m. fromit, towards Essen, is Steele(Stat.X 
among coal works, between Osterfeld and Al- 

tendorf-on-the-Bulir. 

Oberhausen (Stat).— Here are extensive iron- 
works. This is the junction of the line to Fiushii.fc' 
and Queenborough, from Cologne, Diisseldorf, 
and Duisburg. 

Dlllsburg (Stat.), in Rhenish Prussia. 

Population, 59,300. 

/iMM.— Prince Regent; EuropSischer Hof; 
Rheinischer Hof. 

This manufacturing town lies near the Ruhr, 
above its junction with the Rhine, which once ran 
by it. It is enclosed by old walls and towers, and 
is tbe chief seat of the coal trade of the valley. 
The Salvator (or St. Sariour's) (Church is of the 
15th century. Hereabouts was the Castrum 
Dewoniiy or canvp ol \.\x^ TeviViti^*, lu the Forest 
called SalluftTeTi^'^^wgVw^V*. 



Hoitte 1.] 



HAND-BOOiK TO tiE^MJlNt. — bISMEU^, BLBERFEI.D. 



29 



Calcnm (Btat.), in Rhenish Prussia. 

Two miles from this is — 

Kaisernoerth (or Cisesar's llouse), once an island, 
and the residence of the German Monarchs. From 
a castle here, now in niins, Henry IV., when a 
child, was stolen by the Archbishop of Coloj^e. 
'tbe old Church contains the silver shrine of St. 
Snlbert, an English preacher of the Gospel. Here 
are the charitable institutions founded by Pastor 
Fliedher (died 1864), for Protestatit Deaconessee. 
There is a post-wagen from Calcum. 

IHiBSeldorf (Stat.), on the Rhine. 
Population, 144,682. 

HoMi. — Breidenbacher Hof ; Hotel de TEuropie; 
Hccht; all excellent and highly recommended. 

RUmischer Kaiser; Kolnischerhof, Ac. 

See iradaihaw't ffahd-Booi t'd the Rhine, for 
further particulars. Its Academy ^as unfor- 
tunately burnt down, 1872, wiVh part of ihe 
pictures; but Rubens* ^* Ascension of the Yifgin" 
wasMTCd. 

The stations by this line are Benrath, Langenf eld, 
Kujipersteg, Mulhelm, and Deutz (for Cologne). 

From Hamm, as abore, another rail to Cologne 
passes Unna, Schwerto, Ac, to Hagen, Schwelin, 
Barmen, Eiberfeld, and DeutZ. 

Hagen (Stat.) J?b<ef«.— Llinenschloss; Kaiser- 
hof. 

In the county of Mark, on the Yolme, and has 
85,376 inhabitants, and factories for locks, cotton, 
Ac. Near is the little town of Limburg, on the 
Lennc, with a castle of the Prince von Bentheim, 
and the ruins of the castle of Hoheniybnrg, which 
belonged to Dukec Witteklnd. Prom Hagen, a 
line runs to Btdgge (braneb to (QlvaXBal&rtblL&l), 
by way of Ol)erliageil, Daill, Ac. Another line 
proceeds to SllBQlidil, by Vay of Letmathe (where 
a branch turns off to Iserlohh, JPinnentrop (branch 
to Attendom, Olpe, Rothemfihle, Altenhnndem, 
and Crcuzthal). There is a short branch rill to 
Baufe. At SlejKeh (Stat.), noW k tnlninjg i^lace, 
with two Castles, Rubens was born, wfafle his 
mother was residing here, 1577. 

[Icerlolm (Stat), iu WestpfiiaiA. 

POPULATIOH, 32^119. 

An iapQrtMt mannfactxi^iiii Id^, H^^ ''Gk \\% 



\ 



bronze goods, needles, Ac, which are sent far ahd 
wide. The environs are full of iron foundress, 
smelting houses, paper mills, Ac, dispersed among 
the rotnantic scenery. At ihe GrUne are calamine 
mines, and ah iron cross to commemorate the "WAt 
of Dellterahce. Close by are the Grfirmanns- 
HShle, in which fossil boiies are found, and ^e 
Dechenhohle, a stalactitic cavern.] 

The whole of this district is a network of short 
lines, for which see Br^dihoM't Continental Cfnidt. 

Sdiweim (Stat.), in the Pmssian Wnpper- 
thal, 10 miles from BUigen. 

POPULATIOV, 14,000. 

Hdtd. — ^Rosenkranz. 

Here hre steel works, and faotories for locks and 
cutting instruments, Ac. About 2 miles distant is 
the remarkable Kiutart Cave, visited with ag^iide. 

The River Wupper here formed the old line of 
separation of the Saxons and Franks. 

Bahnen (Stat.) 

PoPUtAtiow, 116,248. 

i7otol<.— Vogeler; Vereinshaus; Prtnz Wilhelm. 

U the valley of the Wupper, near the Sauerland 
iiiils. Its east end, at Unterbarmen, joins Slber- 
f6ld, to which it is united by a bridge over the 
Wun>er, and ipHth which it forms one large strag- 
gling to^n. 

The population two centuries ago was scarcely 
1,000. It is a remarkably clean place, is about 
8 miles long, eAd hat extensive manufactures of 
silk, velvet, cotton, tape, soap, with spinning mills, 
Turkey red dyeing and print works, Ac. (one 
chhnney ii 811 feet high). The best view of the 
place is from the Hohenstein. 

There are five Churches, a Town House in the 
new Rathhaus-platz, a widows' house, br<Hize 
nfonument to Frederick William III., a Real or 
Practice School, Weaving School, School o^ De- 
sign, Ac. 

The Bergische-Markische railway passes through 
the long industrious valley of the Wupper, and 
btis two stations at the Barmen end. 

ELBERFELD (Stat.), in Prussia. 
PtiPULlTiov, 125,880. 
HoTELS.^Weidenhof; Victoria; Post, Ac. 




30 



BRADSHAW'S ILLU8TBATED 



bleachingr works here, the water of the rirer being 
of great purity. It occupies a fine part of the 
Wupperthal, in a country abounding with coal, 
and stands about 400 feet above the sea level. 
With Barmen, to which it is joined by a bridge at 
the west end, it makes a well-built, but spreading 
town, nearly six miles long. German War Monu- 
ment, by Albermann. 

Here they manufacture all kinds of cotton, silk, 
and linen goods, ribbons, fringes, bed-ticks, cover- 
lids, table-cloths, with cutlery, and iron articles. 
The silk business was introduced about 1760; that 
of Turkey red, for dyeing (for which it is noted) 
in 1780. Yam is sent here to be dyed, but some 
of tliis trade has lately been transferred to 
Bohemia. There are large print works, for dyeing 
and printing calicoes, and trade has for the last 
20 years been in a very proq>erou8 condition. 

Except the large factories there are few build- 
ings of note. It has an Exchange, Town Hall, Ac, 
with several companies and societies for trading, 
educational and other purposes, and an excellent 
system of poor-law inspection. There is a splen- 
did view of the town and the Wupperthal, from the 
Belvedere on the Haardt. From Loilliep a branch 

of 11 miles runs off to Wermolsklrcken and 

Opladen. Bemscheid, near this, has a popu- 
lation of 40,882, and is a place for iron goods. 

From the next station, VollWlllkel, the railway 
passes by Haan, OUigBWald (branch to Solln- 
gen, a small Birmingham, forsword*, knives, and 

scissors), then MtUlielm-on-Rliine, Deutx, and 

COLOGNE (Stat.), in Rhenish Prussia. 

Population, 281,278. 

Hotels.— Hotel duNord, most centrally situated; 
first-rate accommodation. 

Hotel Disch, in Bridg^e Street, recommended ; 
it is centrally situated, and much frequented 
by English families and single gentlemen. 

Hotel de HoUande, a first-rate establishment, 
facing the quay. 

Grand Hotel Victoria, in the Haymarket, close 
to the river; good. 

Hotel Ernst, first-class, five minutes* walk from 
the BtAlSon ; Hotel de Mayence. 
-^oteJdaDome, netwtbeDcm^ opposite the bridge. 
^^teJderunion, nemrtbe Station And Cathedral. 



LSecl. 

For description, see BradshaK's Band-Book to 
Belgium and the Rhine, 
From Cologne the line to Aachen passes 
I>ilren (Stat.), in Rhenish Prussia. 
Population, 21,702. 

/i»iM.— Mommer; Wlndhau$er; RheiniscberHof. 

A very old and busy town, on the right bank of 
the Ruhr, or Roer, in a rich and fertile plain. It 
was called Afartodwum, by the Romans; and from 
this its subsequent name of Mark-Duren was 
derived. Here the cohorts of the Ubii were defeated 
by Civilis, the Batavian leader. 70 a.d. It was 
the favourite hunting-seat of the Emperor Karl der 
Grossc (Charlemagne), and was taken by Charles 
y. after a long siege. It contains an Ursuline 
Convent for the education of young girls, and 
two other convents; with seven Churches and a 
synagogue. At Mariaweiler Villa, remains of a 
Roman Bath (b.c. 19) have been found. 

The parish church of St. Anna has the head of 
that Saint in a chest, on a marble high altar, and 
a beautifully carved chancel. From the iower, 
156 feet high, is a magnificent view as far as the 
Siebcn-Gebirge, surrounding the Drachenfels, on 
the Rhine. 

The Town House was built 1789. The Casino, 
by Zwirner, the restorer of Cologne Cathedral. 
The principal branches of trade are iron f«iiiiding, 
tools and paper making, and also some manufac- 
tures of woollen stuffs, coverlids, soap, leather, Ac. 

AACHBK, 
Or Aix-ta-Chapdle, as the French call it. 

Population, 116,000. 

Hotels. — Hotel du Grand Monarque, Hotel 
Nuellens, and Kaiserbad Hotel, all three excellent 
hotels, kept by M. Dremel. 

Du Dragon d'Or, well situated, close to the 
Kursaal and principal bath-houses; reasonable 
charges. See Advt. 

Dubigk's Hotel. 

Hoyer's Imperial Crown Hotel ; Hoyer'a Union 
Hotel. 

Kaiserhof. 

Hotel de FElephant. 

Hotel du Nord. 

See firodsHaiiirt Hand>fiooft to BeHgium and the 
HMne for i^TlV<s«\ix«. 



.Route 2.J 



HAXD^BOOK TO GERMANY. — UAMBUBG. 



31 



HOTJTE S- 

Berlin to Wlttenberge, Bachen, Liibeck, and 
Hamburg ; thence to Kiel, ftc 

By rail, 176 miles, in 4^ to 8 hours, to Hamburg. 



English 
miles. 

Berlin — 

Spaudau 4^ 

Nauen 19 

Friesack 37 

Neustadt-a-D 47 

Zemitz 51 

GlSwen 60 

Wilsnack 69| 

Wittenberge 74 

^Branch to Magde- 
burg.] 

KarstSdt — 

WendWamow 92 

Grabow 97 

Lndwigslust 102 



English 
miles 

Hagenow 116 

[Branch to Rostock, &c.] 

Prltzier — 

Brahlsdorf 129i 

Boitzenburg 134^ 

Biichen 144 

I Branches to Lauenburg 
and Liibcck; sec be- 
low.] 

Schwarzenbeck 152^ 

Friedrichsruh 1571 

Reinbeck 162 

Bergodorf 162 J 

Hamburg 175f 

Cuxhavcn 242 



From Bttchen (as aboTo) to LUbeck. 
Batzeburg 16} | Lfibeck 29 

Spandau (Stat.), described in Route 1. Hero 
Route 2a parts off (see page 35). 
Paulinenaue (Stat.) From here a line runs to 
Fehrbdlin^ 8 miles, where the Great Elector 
defeated the Swedes, 18th June, 1675; and Neu- 
Ruppin, on a lake of the same name, which is con- 
nected with the Havel by a canal. It contains a 
statue of the Elector Frederick William, and is 
near Rhoinsberg, the residence of Frederick the 
Great, when exiled by his father. Near here the 
Great Elector (in 1675) defeated a Swedish army 
double the size of his own. 

Friesack (Stat.) 

Situated on the left from Qlowen (Stat.), on 
a sbort line of rails, is 

Havdberg^ with a bridge over the river Havel, 
and a cathedral, the seat of a bishop from 946 to 
1548. Ship building is carried on. 

Wilsnack (Stat.) 

Inn, — Deutsches Hans. 

A small town, having a fine old Church, with 
arches 80 feet high. 
Wittenberge (Stat.), on the Elbe. 

On the Mecklenburg frontier. From here, on 

the left bank of the Elbe, is a branch railway to 

Stendal and Magdeburg. A line to Bremen, from 

Wittanberge^ paaaee down the Elbe, to Ddmiit^ 

/htfinmdefVi ffitralter^ and Lfiseburgf *nd thence 



via Bucbhols, for Bremen. At LUnebnrg you 
can turn oif, rid Ilarburg, for Hamburg, as in 
Route 4. 

LudwlgSlnst (Stat.), in Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin. 

Population, 4,000. 

Hota.—De Weimar. 

A small town (the name of which signifies 
Louis's Pleasure House), with a cathedral church, 
and a summer palace of the Duke of Mecklouburg- 
Schwerin, containing some good Dutch paintings 
and antiquities. Here, also, are Winterhalter's 
portrait of the Duke of Orleans, and mausoleums of 
the Grand Duchess Louise, and the Grand Duchess 
Helene Pauleuse ; the latter in a Greek chapel. At 
Wobbelin is the grave of Theodor KUrner, the poet, 
who fell in a skirmish at Gadebtuch, August 26th, 
1813, after writing the Song to his Sword. A bust 
marks where he is buried under a great oak. The 
remains of his sister repose near him. 

From Ludwigslust a line runs through Parchim 
(birth-place of Count Moltke) to Neu-Brandcnbiurg 
(see Route 10). Rail also to Wismar. 

Hagenow (Stat) Here the rail turns off to 
Schwerin, Ac. (Route 8). 

Buchen (Stat.) Lines to Liibeck, and to 
Lauenburg and Lttneburg. (Routes 4 and 8.) 

HAMBUBG (Stat) 

Population, 824,000; or 569,000, including 15 
suburbs. 

Hotels.— Streits Hotel; Hotel de TEurope; 
Hotel St. Petersburg, first class, well situated, in 
the Jungf ernstieg. 

Hotel Victoria, first class family hotel. 

Hamburgerhof. 

Hotel du Belvedere, first class, well situated, 
and recommended ; on the Alsterdamm. 

English Hotel, ''Restaurant and Caf^'* attached. 

Marienthal Hotel and Pension. 

Rheinischer Hof: Hotel Schadendorf; Hotel 
Central et Pension; Waterloo Hotel ; Hotel Zingg. 

€k>ffee lfbtMe«.— Alster-Pavillon ; Alstcr-Halle; 
Zingg's. Beerhouses and gardens in all directions. 

Post and Telegraph Office^ in Post-strasse, near 
the Exchange. 

English Cii\re.<i«. ft^Ktvs?..— W^sJwft. ^i>K^»e^v«>> 

\ 3oYiMmV%V>Ytv««V, 



I ILLDSTSATBD 






a 803. Ihe Elbs, Ont 



Initio o[ BonihUnk, 1197. » 



pnlntermiTr^ «icepl darfni 

n-t, 1B0«-14. Thm It mt n 
ms of property In the ahftpe ol 
Ion. The gpace occupied by tb 






[I Kcand the liberties 
month. IISS. The 



I ^Inlbng at ElbhSAe, dtci 



n the Ge™.n Zollvereln. or Cnslomi Db^ 
Biery deurlptlon of Roodi, to the lalne of ^JJH 



^9Hes through tl 
England, to whirl 



ulhlrdof the in 
lira million citt1< 



. It belonged to IbiA 



'>D(er AlBIflT, nhd pfta- 
. The Ilin»rBiiln<w 



inisoa. AMuimObiu'ratDrylloiiencd. 

1844, WM rebilut In tie aothto Hyle. T" -■ 



CO. or Ibe Kfond A£^A«( <q ^ufvpe, bdb| 
ir tbsii SIruibarr, but II f ee( ~ 
1 Bplre. BorgoBiaiter SchrS 



[|. Iflclmri KircAi 



ilttbySonnln.l7al-ft 
auiuu 111 1788, whlcb riam |iT 
ndln^ a ipleridld vleiri ~' ' 
.VDd peruns ; and haa u 
1, with ■ tablet to the n 
In the Wuot Freedom. 



d Now JnngfeineMeg 



.] 



HAND-BOOK TO OEHMANY.— HAMBURG. 



03 

!»'« Obut'chy ill Stein-strasse, has a tower, i The Stadt Theatre, in Damm-Thorstl-assc, by 

Open, 

uarkt, 

I Alter 

a fine 



11 iss 

Uning 

•Ingof 
lim in 
, anti- 
luring 
ca, Ac. 
leum ; 

Town 
allery 

Open 

aot far 
of the 
public 
irgers, 

e; the 
Men- 

canjer 
'haus ; 

Inenco 

latter 

'8 best 

h is a 



-rf t r 



is the 
at the 
= Elbe, 
adten, 
mntry 
ea by 
ay b« 



fcc, attached to it. Accessible by tram. \ <^«o*^«-^^*« V.Vt««^^^w^^^<^ ^^ ^^^^x%r^ 

ihans, in the old Wiwidrahm, built 1680, \ HaruMtaxde \.% «.\<t<i\X>| ^VX^^o^ q^QjagA^^ ^TI 



"34 



llttAl>»tIAW*S ILLU8TBAf^D 



tSec. 1. 



Near the Outer Alster in Eppendorf, a place of | 
amasement, with tho Andreas Bninnen, reached 
by water on the Alster. 

At Horn is the Ranhehaus (page 33), and the 
annual races are held on a common near here. 

Ham, Horn, and the fniit and kitchen Gardens 
at Vierland$ (which sapply vegetables and fruit 
to the markets) are localities deserving notice. 

}Yand$heck, about four miles from the Stein Gate, 
belonging to Holstein. It was the residence of 
Claudius, whose grave is here ; and also of Tycho 
Brahe, and Voss, the poet. 

Hamburg is the largest of the Hanu Townt^ the 
others being Bremen, LUbeek, and Frankfort-on- 
the-Main, the latter now annexed to Prussia. These, 
after 1641, were the only remnants of the powerful 
Hanseatic League of eighty-five ports and towns 
in the North of Germany and round the Baltic, 
formed in the 12th century, for the protection of 
trade. They had a factory in London, at the Steel- 
yard, a site now occupied by the terminus in 
Cannon-street of the South Eastern Railway. 
The archives of the union are kept at LUbeck. 

The Steamers across the Elbe to HarbXUTg 
(Stat.) are now superseded by a rail, 7 miles 
long, completing the line to LUneburg. 

In summer steamers ply regularly to Cuxhaven 
and Heligoland ; sea passage, 2J to 3 hours. 

Tho Lower Elbe Rail to Cuxhaven, 65 m. long, 
on the south side of the river, passes BuxtahudO 
(Stat.), Stade (Stat.), where the Stade duties on 
shipping were formerly collected, and Cadexi' 

Derge (Stat.) 

CUXHAVEN. 

Population, 5,000, with Ritzebttttel. 

HoTiiX.— Dolle's Belvedere Hotel. 

Railway to Geestemiinde (page 40). See Brad- 
iJutio't Continental Guide. 

This is an outport of Hamburg, to which it 
belongs, and is about 70 miles below It, at the 
month of the Elbe In tho North Sea. It serves 
as ft packet station, and as a rendezvous for 
shipping in winter, when the rivers are frozen. 
Since 1870 the mouth of tho Elbe has been strongly 
' Afrii66d. The district around is part of the balll- 
—/cJr of BitzebOtiel, under the gorerttm%nt of the 
vtlmTg-Seinatm. There Are bathing m«chinM and 
«*#• houaemfor thm uae of rititon, Oood lodg- 



ings may be had from 7 to 10 marks weekly. * A 
club room at the Belvedere Hotel. PromenadM 
by the sm shore, and to Brockswalde. There an 
lighthouses here, and at the island of Neawerk, 
two miles off. 

About 45 miles from Cnxhaven, out in the North 
Sea, facing the mouth of the Elbe, is Helgotand^ or 

HEUGOLAND. 

PopuLATzov, 2,086, in 400 houses ; chiefly (Ger- 
man Frieslanders, who are fishermen and pilots. ' 

Steamers at least twice a week, to and frOBi 
Cuxhaven, in connection with trains from and to 
Hamburg. 

Hotels.— City of London ; (^ueen Victoria; and 
Restaurants; table d'hOte at the Conversations 
Hans. 

An island (ceded to Germany, Aug. 10th, 1890), 
consisting of reddish clay, mixed with round stone^ 
of the Keuper formation, which the sea is ccm- 
tinually wearing away on the north side. 

During the great European war, when tke 
island was taken possession of by Englandf 
1807, to serve as a depdt for trade) tl|0 
population amounted to 4,000 or 5,(KX)^ and 
the port was lined with warehouses. It is aboat 
three miles round; and is divided into Vor 
or Unterland, a few feet above the sea, ajpd 
an Oberland or Cliff, 90 to 200 feet liigli, reao|i|d 
by 190 steps, on which tho little town is i^aMd, 
and a lighthouse. The landing-place is in the 
Unterland, where there are two little harbows 
with deep water. It is joined to the cliff by a 
sandy isthmus. There is a Kurtaxe of 4 m. per 
week, or 9 m. for a family of more than three. Sm 
bathing at Rothe Meer is enjoyed here In petfee- 
tion at all times of the tide, the climate being 
peculiarly mUd. 

Carriages and horses are not used ; two or tbne 
cows and a few hundred sheep are seen. PrhMfte 
lodgings are reasonable. The amusonents een- 
sist chi^y of water excursions, and bathinf^-Jrt 
Sandy Island or the Dttne, k mil« of^ to whlcb tiu 
bathers are carried in boats in the ea^ly monfld||. 
A theatre has been built by the late QoTvmbr. 
The Ckuiftk baa a ship hanging from the roof, a 
Vrtslan cuitoiti^ «^«a a. \AMa Van^/uA %m^-tMtf^ 
panel paVatVns« toTmQi V.Yk« iia&Mn Vcspcx ^^sasm^ 



Boute 3.] 



RAKD-BOOK TO QSItMANY. — RSLIGOLAND, TOKKIKG. 



35 



men sit in their bine shirts and corduroys; while 
the women sit below, dressed in crimson petticoats 
with a dark bodice, silk son-bonnets and veil. The 
women do all the work ashore, while the men fish. 
English, German, and Frisian are spoken. At the 
DUnenpavillon, on the Bade-Insel, is a restaurant. 

The Nordhorn, 180 feet high, is the highest 
point in the island. There are sea caves and 
grottoes at Jung Gatt and Mohrmers Gatt, &c. 
Around the Heligoland are Sandy Island, the 
Monk, and other reefs, gradually formed by the 
action of the sea ; which since 1770 has worn a 
channel 10 fathoms deep between the mainland 
and Sandy Island, once no doubt a part of it. 
In early times the temple of a Saxon deity was 
located in Helgoland, on the site of which a her- 
mitage was established ; hence the present name, 
signifying Holy Island. 

The Nordemey,and the Wanger Ooge, are about 
twenty miles distant from Heligoland. (See 
Route 6.) 



Berllnt to Spandan, Btendal, Ckurdftlegen, 
Salzwedel, and Bremen. 

By rail, 100 miles, to SalzwedeT; 210 to Bremen. 

Spandan (Stat.), as in Route 1. Here the 
line parts off to Rathenow (Stat.), on the Havel. 
Population, 16,000. Here is a statue of Frederick 
William, to commemorate the occupation of Rathe- 
now, 16th June, 1675. 

Sclldnliaiisen (Stat.), near the Elbe.—This 
was the birth-place, April Ist, 1815, of the famous 
German statesman, Prince Otto Von Bismarck- 
SchSnhausen. The estate was purchased and pre- 
sented to Von Bismarck In 1885. 

Stendal (Stat.), where this line Intersects 
the I inc from Wittenberge to Magdeburg. It is a 
busy town on the Uchte (population, 14,300), with 
a handsome Cathedral (restored), St. Mary*s 
Church, and Rathhaus, all later Gothic. One 
line passes hence to Vlnxtiberg (Stat.), and 
Oardelesen (Stat.), thence by Oebisfelde and 
Lehrta to Hanover; while the other tarns off 
north-west towards Hamburg, past BlsmaxlE 

(Btat.), Bmnan (Stat.), Ac, to 

BalMwedai (Btat), papvlnUan, 9,000, farmerly 
m HMMU9 Town, aa tbm Hrw /Mts*. 



I 



From here to Uelsen (on the Hanover j^nd 
Hamburg line), Soltau, YlsseUlihrede (Hne to 
Hanover), and Langwedel, joining the dttect 
line from Berlin to Bremen. (See' Roiit« ».) 
Salzwedel to Bremen is about 109 English niles. 
The line is devoid of any special interest. 

HOTJTB S- 
Hambnrg to Itzehoe, Kiel, Bendsborf , 
Scbleswig, Tdnnlng, Flensburs, ftc. 

Leaving Hamburg, we reach Altona (Stat.), 
pronounced AVtona, the old capital of Holsteia, 
forming part of the west suburbs of Hamburg. 

Population, 148,249. 

HoTKLs. ~ Holsteinisches Haus; Kdnigliekfr 
Hof; Sonne. 

Railway, Tramway, and Steamer to Hambur|. 

It is quite a new town, the population haviiiir 
quadrupled in 50 years, and contains no very old 
public buildings. One or two of the churches are 
rather remarkable. There is a Museum and Pic- 
ture Gallery (in the Real Schule). The town is 
pleasantly situated, and the port admits lai^e v«- 
sels. 

Plnneberg (Stat.), near Kelllngen ChuYeh. 

Elmshom (Stat.), population, 8,000, on the 
Kruckau, near the branch to Gliickstadt, ItxehOO, 
Helde, a little town built by Garolus Magnus, 819, 
and HUSUm, for Hvidding. 

Ollidkstadt (Stat.) in the former Dnchy of 
Holstein and a small port on the marshy bank pf 
the Elbe (population, 5,600). 

Neumimster (Stat.) 

iJote^— Railway. 

Pol^LATiON, 11,600; employed in the linen and 
other manufactures. A direct line runs puft 
Heide. to Tdnnlng (Victoria Hotel; p<^ulat^^, 
4,000), a port at the mouth of the Eider on ^e 
North Sea; having a large cattle trade fr|ih 
England. At Heide the line from Altona c(fif^ 
in, and a branch goes off to BiLsum, A small b§ji^- 
ing place. 

Here a branch turns off to Oldesloe and Budien. 

Bordesholm (StatO^ tmax ^ \a2K& ^i&is. %. 



80 



DRADSUAW^S ILLCSTBATfitV 



[Seel. 



KIEL (Stat) 

POPDLATIOV, 69,214. 

UoTKLS.— Oermania ; Bellevae; Marsily; Rail- 
way Hotel (Bahnhof Hotel); Stadt Kopenhagen. 

The former capital of the Duchy of Holstein, and 
one of the best harens in the Baltic, now annexed 
to the German Empire. It stands in a very plea- 
sant country, and is walled ronnd and regularly 
built. It carries on a good trade with the Danish 
Islands; the Epiphany fair is largely attended. 
Large ships of war can anchor near the town, in 
the beautiful Bay called KielerfOhrde, 3 miles by 
14 mile, with deep water for large ships. Here are 
a Naval College and Floating Docks at EUerbeck, 
protected by land forts. There is a Church of the 
18th century. 

The old University, founded 1665, has collections 
of minerals and antiquities ; Sunday, Wednesday, 
and Saturday, 11 to 1. At the new University 
is a library of 100,000 volumes, and a Zoological 
Museum; Sunday, 11 to 3; Wednesday, 1 to 8. 

' The Sea Baths are near the Dttsternbrook wood 
and the promenade to Bellevue (2 miles). Other 
points of view are the WUhelmshohe, Neumiihlen, 
and Friedrichsort Fort, to which trips can be made 
by boat. The old Castle is the seat of Prince Henry 
of Prussia, it has an Art Museum, open Sunday 
and Thursday, 11 30 to 12 30. The new Thaulow 
Museum of old Wood Carvings is open Tuesday 
and Friday, 11 to 2; Sunday, 12 to 4. The yorth 
S§a Canat runs from Holtenau, near Kiel, to 
Brttnsbnttel on the Elbe, 6U miles, and is wide 
and deep enough to allow the heaviest ironclads 
to past. This shortens the time between Kiel and 
Hamburg by 2^ days. 

CoMVBTAKCBS.— By rail to Hamburg, Neustadt, 
Bchleawig, Ac« Steamers (when no ice) to Copen- 
hagen, Stockholm, and St. Petersburg. A steamer 
for Copenhagen leaves on the arrival of the last 
train for Kortotr (6i hours), in the Great Belt, on 
the island of Zealand, where the rail to Copen- 
hagen is taken. 

At Meumttnster (page 35), a branch turns off to 

RttdirtNiif (Stat.) 

/V»^rxATiOK, 12,800. 
JkM».—Stmdt Hamburg; HoM ftihl. 
^nwir po9t on tb0 Sidw, which marks the 
''nrb0tni0enHol$teinmtdSehl%Mwig, Itnni« 



down to theNort h Sea at Toaning^ and communicates 
with the Baltic by the Schleswig-Holstein eanal. 

Not far from Rendsburg is the site of the Danne- 
virkCy a line of entrenchments which extended 
across the i>eninsula to Friedrichstadt on the North 
Sea. After having been taken by the Prussians 
under Von Wrangel, April 23rd, 1848, and after- 
wards much strengthened by the Danes, it was 
taken by the allied Prussian and Austrian forces, 
February 5th, 1864, and eventually levelled. 

BCHLE8WI0 (Stat.) 

Population, 15,446. 

Inns.— Hotel Raven ; Hotel Stehn ; Stadt Ham- 
burg. 

Local railway to Schleswig Altstadt. 

An old town, extending along the Schlei to a 
bay in the Baltic, once the chief seat of the Duchy 
of Schleswig-Holstein. The houses are of neat 
brick in the Dutch style. ' 

The Cathedral^ originally 12th century, burnt and 
restored 1440, in the Gothic style, has an altar- 
screen, carved by Hans Briiggemann, 1521, the 
finest work of art in these parts. 

Gottorp Castle^ in the Friedrichsberg Quarter, 
was the seat of the former dukes. It was taken 
by Gen. Von Wrangel, February Ist, 1864, com- 
manding the Allied armies, and annexed to Prus- 
sia, 1866. I 

Steamer to Kappdn (in 3 hours), past JhfistMicIf, 
which was strongly fortified to protect the passage 
of the Schlei; but the Danes being overmatched 
in men and artillery, were defeated by the 
Prussians under Prince Charles, Feb. 6th, 186(, t 
after the latter had crossed in a snowstorm. 

Rail, 25 miles, to Sttderbrarnp. 

JlilMCk (Stat.), junction of the branch to Hu- 
8um, Tanning, Ac 

nensbnrg (Stat.) 

POPITLATZON, 36,873. 

iro/W«.— Bahnhof; Fey *8 Hotel; Central Hotel. 
Diligence to Sonderburg, &c., past Diippel. 
j A thriving ocmunercial town, and the chief place 
, in Schleswig, pleasantly seated on an arm of tiie 
j Baltic It has a good harbour, and many oil mills, 
breweries, distilleries, foundries, rope works, Ac 
In this neighbouriiood are Sm m deui U^ the garden 
QCScibLlu;w\c> va.d. ««^«n3i vnfA^-mHicb ficwnd in 



Roate 4.] 



HAND-BOOK TO 6ERMAKT. — SCHLBBWI6, LUMBBURG. 



37 



whcro the Aastrians, ander Gablentz, defeated the 
Danes, February 6th. DOppel, and its redoubts, 
on the channel of Alsen, here 150 yards wide. It 
was held by 12,000 Danes, but at length bombarded 
and taken by assault by the Prussians, under 
Prince Frederick Charles, April 18th, after a siege 
of two months. The Prussians, in attempting to 
cross the channel, were repulsed by the Rolf 
Krake ironclad. Sonderburg, on the Island of Alsen, 
faces the mainland, the passage of which was 
forced 29th June, when the Danes retreated into 
FUnen. By the subsequent peace of 20th October, 
Schleswig-Holstein, Lauenberg, and part of Jut- 
land became Prussian territory. 

Steamers to Flensburg, or to Kiel — Tuesday, 
Thursday, and Saturday forenoon. 

ROTJTJB 4t. 

Hanover to Lebrte, Celle» Liinelrarg, Lanen- 
l)erg» Harlrargt uul Hamlrax^. 

118 miles in 8| hours. 



English 
miles. 

Eschede 38 

Uelzcn 00_ 

Bevensen G8i 

Ltineburg 82| 

{Branch to I^uen- 
burgand Biichen] 

Winsen 94i 

Harburg 106i 

Hamburg 113 



English 
Hanorer to miles. 

Leiirto 10 

[Jtvaneh from the 
South— 

Sohnde 4 

Algpormissen.. 8 

JIarsum 12 

Uiiaesheim ... K 
Nordstemmen 23] 

Burgdorf.., 16 

Cello 26i 

Hanover (Stat.) See Route 1. Thence to 

Gelle, or Zelle (8tat.)» in Hanover. 
PoruLATiox, 18,800. 
//iiM.— Hotel de Hanovrc. 

An old town, on the Aller, at the junction of the 
Fuse. It was occupied by the Prussians, July 
10th, in the German war of 1866. 

rsic Stadtkirehe is a very old church, containing 
the tombs of the Brunswick Lilneburg family, 
from whom the royal house of England is de- 
scended, and also a sarcophagus of the unfortunate 
Queen Cnn>hne Matilda of Denmark, Bister of 
George III., who died here in exile in 1773. It 
stands in a fine chapol. Near the Royal Palace in 
Schlossplatz are the stables of the ex-King of 
Hanorer, aow m stud eatabllsbment. The chapel 
fioptalna M irood altar-piece by Vc Vou of Antwerp. 



The rail traverses the great dreary Lilneburg 
Heath between Bevensen and Lilneburg. 

Lilneburg (Stat.), in Hanover; where the 
direct line to Hamburg and Bremen, coming from 
Hitzaker, falls in. It passes on via Bucholz for 
Bremen. (See Route 2). 

POPDLATIOX, 20,681. 

J/o^«/«.— HofFnung ; Wellenkamp. 

An old walled town, formerly the scat of the 
Dukes of Brunswick, containing many gabled 
houses. It stands on the Ilmenau, near the 
Kalkberg hill, which is about 280 feet high. 

The Michaditkirche has a fine altar-group, a 
crypt of the 14th ccnturj', and tombs of the 
dukes, whose Palace stands near. 

St. Nicholas, early 16th century, has some good 
pictures. 

The Church of St. John is a Gothic brick church of 
the 14th century, and contains many curiosities. 

At the Rathhaus is the Furstensaal or Princes^ 
Room, 120 feet long. It has some sixteenth century 
carvings, with 64 portraits (life-size) of the Princes 
of the house of Brunswick ; also curious stained 
glass, frescoes, Ac, and carving by Albert of Soest, 
1568. The gold and silver plate, electro copies of 
which are still here, was sold to the Berlin 
Museum for £33,000. Outside the wall are the 
Salze salt works, yielding about 10,000 tons a year ; 
with saline and vapour bnths. Gypsum is worked 
In the quarries of the Kalkberg. Two engage- 
ments, hi which the French were beaten, were 
fought near this 1813. Part of the country between 
the Elbe and Weser (to the left of the line) is 
occupied by the Lilneburg Heath (Haide), a sort 
of Arabia Deserta of sand, covered with straggling 
blocks of stone. It is noted for its bocs and a breed 
of coarse-wooUed sheep, called Heidcsknucken. 

Rail to Wittenbergc and Buchholz, page 31. 

[Here a branch rail turns off towards Lilbeck, 
past Adendorf to Hohnstorf or Stohnstorf, 
on the Elbe: thence to Lauenbnrg opposite, 
and thnuce to Bucben (Route 2), on the way 
to Miilln, Ratzeburg, and Liibeck (Route 8). 

Lauenblirg is the small capital (population, 
4,800) of a little dukedom annexed to Ft^uaiftt^v 

the ILmv^TOt «twvV<i«LV^^x\x.t'»^^^^^»*=^^^^'^' 



w'i iLLcnrnx-wmtf 



M«M I wM if Mm L^tl mr g >• 
#M«II ^«A4 ipf0pm^m$m, \M^} «» tte III 

tff t',ki^fUmM(f**t, rn\9i^ fcy Uttntj thtt Uon« la 

A piffi tftt th« I^Atm, 7 milttit «//titli fft liMtntmrg^ 
wHh • U'"^ tf*^ b«rf^/ttf f«/f ttM c^rryittK And 
tf/l»«f^/ft tr*4«. Jiir»'!tti/n of lin«t t/i Hrtmen and 
(innimftttt. MMf It 1« /Uhtm^urff, m •unimer re«l- 

Xftmbtirff (»*'** hifUUt ^h which the r«li«r«x 
fMMthM* Af t««f i'roMlfff( thu M<mth iind North KHm). 

fffom \\Mt\\t\xrti A ritll In opmi iit \Ai\mk, pa»t 
OktoilOti 1 wiit«<rhi«-pliM''«> with biithN, whence a 
ntm iif ar ffill«N ti> Hfumttnittr, on the llftmburg 
Aftd Klul Hn«*. WM oiMiniHl 1(174. 

H,OXJTJB e. 

HMiortr 10 Brtmiii, Of ef ttmttndt, and 
Brtmtrluiffn. 

Ily rull In tlrttinitn, In 9| hourR. 



AS» Usiim» Stats* Cobocia. 



to OUoAns. Hot 

a« Hi 



MniffUiih 
mfloii. 

NIHMhurtf 

tiHUlfWttltttl 

M»lllU(tMhlUoK,M. 

Iil^lltlttl «iiiiiii«tiii%i TH^ 



'I iiiiiiiiiiii •I'l 

f iiiiiiiiitii Ii4l 

iiiiiitiiiiiiii ''If 



titiitiiiti 



KuKllAh 
nillos. 

llurtr-T^ONum H4 

( thHinth to VriroiiAck] 
(Mlprhuli-Hchnrm- 

\m\ 00| 

(l^ontfmUnUo (Bro- 
luorhnfon) 116 



IMMIK (Itat.) 

lloVKM. \\\A^^\ \\k^ rKurtt|H«« M rtrxt-rttto hou»f, 
\^H»*wiw^» |^k|1K^\« ^Mf h«U Mn h*^wr» W |^,j two 



Han. 
Tork. (See RrmJtktmTt 

Brtmen. ia tlie aew G«nnan empire, is one of the 
tiiree Haase Towas, aad aa old free citj. on both 
banks of the Weser. about 38 naUes from the 
Xorth Sea; tlie old town on the east bank, and 
the new town on the west, bein^ connected with 
eadi other by tliree bridges. It was made a See 
by Cliarlemagne about 790. and made an imperial 
town by Otho I. It founded the port of Biga, and 
took an active part in the Crusades, as a member 
of the Hanseatic League, and also acquired pro- 
fierty at the Steel-Tard in London. It was the 
head of an arch-diocese, which was afterwards 
converted into a duchy in 1648, when Bremen fell 
to the crown of Sweden. 

In 1781, its rights as a free city were established, 
while the duchy was annexed to Hanorer and 
Oldenburg. Napoleon made it a part of his ex- 
tended French empire, 1810. It is now an inde- 
pendent member of the German Empire under 
PruKiia. It stands in a flat region of good 
pasture land, intersected by canals, and is closely 
built, having few open places, except the disused 
graveyards. The old town (Altstadt) especially 
consists of crooked streets and dark tall bouses; 
but those in the new town are more regular. Fine 
quays line the water side. There are many hand- 
some well-built houses in the suburbs. The site 
of the old fortifications is converted into walks and 
(i aniens, outside which are the moats; some of the 
old Qates remain. At the Ansgariithor is the monu- 
ment of the war of 1870-1. 

It is governed by a body of two Burgomasters, 
and a biHly of Senators styled "Die Wittheit" 
(The Wisdom, or Wise Men), who have soTereign 
authority extending over 70 square miles of ter^ 
ritory . A fundamental law, " Die neue Eintracht,^* 
agreed to in 14^ is stttl valid. 

The Ihm in the v^ld town is the Lutheran Catlie- 
dnU« a larg« building begun as early as l(VftS» and 
ftalslMA (^ Ite aKMt part about 1160. in the 
ItMMMM^ve «a<iQK)iC^ ^\m. It is 33«h. kMig. 



HjIHD-SOOK to asKBASS.— HUME*. 



IB prUUegM of Ihe to 



Faeelborg'9 bionie lUIni of OtuUtdb Adalphai 
(lB»0},uid tbeHillortbe Aitlna'aocLetriKUiut- 
pariAl FoBt OOlcB of brtck uul itoiWf on tb* ilu of 
Iba Clly Scbooli (now betaind 11). Tbe KUnitlu- 
Tenin, open SiiDdij, TiuBdij, ud Thiiml»jr, hu 
■ fld« Niton] Bklory CollicttoB. 

The XMAvmMv)! (Onr Lidy'i Chnreb), built 
IIM, DHT lb* Town Hull. WHta two lowsn. hu 
been partlaU; reHtored. 

St. Aiugu Ghntcb (An^irilUrsha), built in»- 
M. Itlimukiidtafiluuid<w«Bt«mrMOft.hlgfa, 
with luioet wlndom; «ad bu ■ sood iltir-plecB 
piaiiUidbrTlKbb«li>,ol CbrUtimd Tddhk CbUdnn . 



Olber. 


ircb 


B italBly old 
™»„d»pu1 



•A him. b)' Stelnbiluicr (1830), hag been an 
near tbe Kuu.thalle. 
Not far rrom IbB Domsbaf li the Btadt Blbllo 

<if St. Ana^iic l> ■ good building In IhB Br 
Ance Blfle, erected In H19, callod (lie Gew 
Uaue, or Tude Hell. Orl«ln>U)-ihe gulld-bi 
ibD cloth merchBiitB^ It atUl serveH forcomme 
j'nrpotett Bad hae been lulernellf reitored. 



eediDg 6,0D» pereone; 
[lenstlfii the Deaf and 
id Navigation School!. 



BODTboa-Coiidf, grandeon of lb 

Tb« n«> Baa (Rathbane) 
udMonrmarkabla tanlldlngl 
the Arcbbfebope' palace, Imllt 
itfle. On tbe eoatb aide, wbli 
unc* atyk, are enclent lUtuei 

of BnrgomaMer Sohmidl. ai 



Under Um Town Hall l> tbe tamooa Bremen Tbe Kumll-alleoi 
Batbikeller, a iifiu aaiar, remarkable for lie ei- < part, "ai Ilnl>bed ; 
Dell«Dt RtaeDlih and Hoielle wlnei. It alio con- I modem) and >cn1] 
lain* WMne tnunanie Tal% et^led (be "Hose," and I natlre ulUt. It I 
the '■ Twelve Apoetlas." ThB"Eoie" li so called laj, otbordayt, a 

b«Q«ath which the mare Important dellberalianB Ihe KBmer Wall. 

lar^ public drlnklng-room fur wine and ofiters Ai a free port, 1 
hera bai an elliptic arcb, giving out an eobo like a I :rade In cattle and 
whiqnrtng gallerf. A shoemaker'a home 1> I ibore ninety tab 
B*rk»d brthne llfs-ilie italua of ahoamaken. apwardi of J4mtll 
1. Crtapln, Hans Von Stgin (Jlrlng 1870), '( >ii«*in&nuVBt\ 






iaiBtii'S 



iMjoAli»i''l'«*»~. mSi.-^s*!*™*"' 



40 



BBA1>&UAW'S ILLUSTBATBD 



[Sec. 1. 



Tho Weser is very shallow here. Large ressels 
cannot come higher than YegeMOk (Stat.), 10 
miles below Bremen, a Dutch-looking town, with 
large warehouses and ship-yards. 

QeeBtemlinde, population, 16,000 (Hotel Han- 
nover), was established by the Hanoverian 
Government as a rival to Bremerhafen. Steamers 
to Norderuey and Heligoland. Direct rail to 
Cuxhaven (page 34), opened 1896. 

Bremerliafen (Stat.), population, i6,ooo 

Hotels— Lohrs; Boermann's), 32 miles below 
Bremen, at the river's mouth. Here are Docks, 
an Emigrant's House, &c. From this point a 
regular steam navigation line, the Norddcutsche 
Lloyd, ii established, by which over 100,000 emi- 
grants embark yearly for America. The trade 
of tho place is steadily increasing; much ship- 
building is carried on here, and at Bremen. 

Here an explosion took place on board tho 
Mosel, alongside the quay, 1875, which killed and 
wounded 20U persons. It was occasioned by a box 
of dynamite, which a man named Thomas had 
planned to explode, by means of clockwork, in the 
Atlantic, that he might get the insurance; but 
which blew up too soon. The projector shot himself. 
Steamer trips can be made in the summer to 
Wangeroog and Norderney on the sea coast (see 
Route 6, following) ; by the Weser to Hanover and 
Munden ; and to Oldenburg. 

ROXJXB e- 

Bremen to Oldenbiirg, Emden, and 
Norderney. 

By rail, to Oldenburg and Leer, 62 miles. 

English I English 
Bremen to miles. miles. 
Delnienhorst 9 Zwischenahn 37 



Hudo 17i 

Oldenburg 27^ 

[Branch to 

Varel 19 

Wilhelmshaf en 32] 



&/ 



Ocholt 42 

[Branch to 
VVesterstede.] 

I Stickhausen 52 

I Leer 62 

I Enideu 81 

At Hnde, a branch of 27 miles goes off to Brake 
and Xordenhamm, down the Weser. Brake is a 
Hhip-biiilding port with several ship-yards. In 
1896 a line was opened between Brake and Olden- 
burg. 
OLBENBUBO (Stat.), in the Grand Duchy 
o/deoburgr, wblcb includes the PrlncipaUties of 
'JtfiiifcJd. Population, ?i,3Z'). 



HoTKU.—Hotel de Russie ; Erb-Gross-Herzog. 

Capital of the Duchy, and residence of the 
Grand Duke, on the Hunte; founded 1155 by 
Christian I. of Denmark. It is well-built, and 
has promenades on the site of the old ramparts. 

The Lambertus-kitxhe contains the tombs of the 
Grand Dukes, who represent one of the most 
ancient families in Germany, from which the 
Danish and Russian royal houses trace their 
descent. 

The Palace and Residenz-Schloss contain collec- 
tiona of engravings and coins, and some modern 
paintings, with a library. There are also collec- 
tions of minerals and German antiquities at the 
new Museum. 

Tha Aufftuteum, built 1866, a handsome edifice, 
contains a valuable collection of old masters. 
Admission, 11 to 2. 

A branch of 32 miles to Varel (Stat.), on the 
Jade, an inlet of the North Sea, terminates at the 
navalportofWillielni8liayen(Stat.),established 
by Prussia since its purchase 1854. Population, 
16,000. Here are breakwaters for an Outer and 
Inner harbour, with workshops and barracks, 
suitable for a great naval port. The inlet extends 
20 miles. Another line of 88 miles turns south 
to Quakenbriick and Osnabriick. (Route 7.) 
The main line goes past Ocholt to 

Leer (Stat.), on the Miinsterllne^ as In Route 7. 

EBIDEN or Embden (Stat.), in Hanover. 

POPOLATION, 14,000. 

Inns.— Weisses Haus; Goldene Sonne; Prinz 
von Prenssen ; Belle Vue. 

Railway to Hanover; Steamer to Norderney. 

A port near the mouth of the Ems, where it falls 
into the Gulf of Dollart, in the Hanoverian Pro- 
vince of East Friesland, or Aurich, on the North 
Sea. It was founded by Dutch refugees in the 
16th century, and was a free city of the Empire 
down to 1774, when Frederick the Great acquired 
it for Prussia, with whom it remained till 1804. It 
is a Dutch-looking town of gabled houses, and 
streets intersected by canals. Under the old ram- 
parts are buried many of the Duke of York's army, 
who died here 1795. Extensive dykes protect it 
from the &ea. The Grouse Kirche contains ^ 



Koute 7.] 



UAMD>BOOK TO 6BRMANT. — EUDBV, 08NABRUCK. 



41 



MaMum of Natural History, with a good collec- 
tion of amber. Another Mnsenm has a rery fair 
lot of pictures (Flemish), and a library of works 
on the district. 

The old Toten Hall^ bailt 1676, in the Renaissance 
style, has portraits of the Prussian kin^ and a 
famous armoury, and a tower orerlooking the 
town. Backhuysen, the marine painter, was a 
native. . The pastures around are rery rich. A 
canal of two miles leads down to the harbour in 
the Bay of the DoUart, called Deify where are ship- 
yards. Opposite the harbour are remains of a town 
on the Island of Nesser, a large tract orerwhelmed 
by the sea (1277-87), when the DoUart was formed. 
The dykes are 24 feet high, and 100 miles long. 

Rail to AnrlCh and NordeXL, continued 16| 
miles farther to Wittmund and Jever. 

AnridL Population, 5,400. 

Inns, — Belle Vue; Deutsches Haul. 

This small place is the principal town of East 
Friesland, and is in the Dutch style, with a good 
market-place. 

The old Castle, or Palace, contains portraits of 
the former princes of East Friesland, who resided 
here. 

Norden (Stat.), with 6,600 inhabitants, where 
is a good trade, and a large horse market. Hence 
by shore rail to Nwddeich^ whence steamer, at 
high water, to the island of 

Ndrdemeyy the middle one of the chain of flat 
sandy banks which line the shore of East Friesland. 

Several Inns and Restaurants. 

This is a bathing-place in the North Sea, con- 
taining 2,000 inhabitants ; and is much frequented 
in the season, which lasts from June to October. 
The bathing arrangements are very good. It has 
hotels, and a subscription club, or Conversation 
House. Kur-Taxc, 1 person, 10 m. 

The amusements consist chiefly in shooting sea- 
birds and rabbits, and excursions by water to the 
island of Borkum, on which is an old lighthouse, 
154 feet, and a new one, nearly 200 feet high, 
almost the only objects of attraction about here. 

Steamboats go between Nordemoy, Bremen, and 
Hamburg every five days during the season to 

WangeroOiT, or Wanger Island, belonging to 
Oldwbnrg, 4mile8 from (fte mainhiid, ajj4 13 from 



Jerer, accessible by steamer firom Bremerhafcn 
and Hamburg, daily, Sundays excepted. It is the 
easternmost of the islands which the sea has sepa- 
rated from the coast, and was many times larger 
120 years ago. Thet>ther8 are Splekeroog, Lan- 
geoog, and Baltrnm. Living Ac, much the same 
as Nordemey. There are some lodging-houses, a 
conversation-haus, and a bathing-house with warm 
baths, Ac. There is a steam-boat daily to Karo- 
llnenslel. In Ost-Frlesland, whence diligence to 

Jever and Wittmund. 



ROTJOTB r. 



Hanover to mnden, Osnatoriick, 

Emden. 

By rail 8 to 11 hours. Stations as follow : 



and 



English 
Hanover, to miles. 

Seclze ^ 7 

Wunstorf 18 

Haste 171 

Stadthangen 26| 

Kirchhorsten 30 

Buckeburg 3*5 

Minden ....».« 40^ 

Porta 43 

Ocynhausen 49| 

Lohne 54^ 

Kirchlcngcrn 56^ 

BUnde 69} 

BruchmUhleu 65 

Melle 70 

Wissingen ........ 77 

Osnabrtick 82J 

[Branch to Mtin- 
ster, 31 miles, 
rid liengerich, 
Westbevem, Ac] 



English 
miles. 

Vclpc 93 

Ibbenbilren 99 

Hiirstel ....« 102^ 

Rheine 113 

[Bi'anch to Miin- 
stor, Ac, and 
junction with 
line from Rot- 
terdam.] 

Salzbergen 117} 

Lingen 13l| 

Mcppcn 144^ 

Kellerberg 

I^thcn M 157 

Ascbendorf 170 

Papenburg 

Ihrhove 179* 

Leer 18lf 

Neermoor 190 

Oldersum 194* 



Emden 200* 

Hanover and Minden, to Lohne, see Route 1. 

Btlnde (Stat.) 

Population, 3,000. 

About six miles north of this place, at Lubbecke, 
is the Fiestel Bath, an iron-sulphur spring, on the 
western declivity of the Teutoburger Wald. 

Osnabrilck (Stat.), or Osnaburg, in Hanover. 

Population, 39,982. 

Inns. — Schaumburg ; Diitting's Hotel. 

An old irregular built town in the valley of the 
Haase, with a wall and five gates ; and the seat of 
a bisho\)TVcio\\xi^'&^V3 ^\»:^wsiSME»s5.CV"^>— ""^^^i^^"^ 
bishop Y»\T\|S ^V^o o\ YT\«fivs«i^. ^^ "^^ "^^^ 
I Roma\i Cm\^o\\^ *w» '\\wb^tJ\%K.^'^*s>>^ ' 



42 



BBADBHJLW'g ILLUBTEATBD 



[Bee. 1. 



St. Mary's Chunk, a fine 14th century Gothic 
structure, has a good carved altar-piece. 8t. 
CkUherine'B Lutheran Church, a small Gothic bnild- 
ingof thel4th century, with some delicate carving; 
St. JohQ's, 19th century, has also fine carving. 
The large CathedrcU, partly Romanesque, of the 
12th century, marked by three unlike towers; in 
the front of it, in the Domfreibeit, is Drake's 
bronze statue of Moser, the patriot author, a native 
of Osnabriick. 

The fine Rathhatu contains the Freidenssaale, 
where the Peace of Westphalia was negotiated 
1643-48, with portraits of emperors, ambassadors, 
bishops, &c. It was then decided that the diocese 
of Osnabriick should be governed alternately by a 
Catholic and Protestant bishop, the Protestant to 
be a prince of the Brunswick-Luneberg family. 
The last titular bishop under this arrangement 
was the Duke of York, nominated by his father, 
George III., as King of Hanover; a title held by 
him till 1802, when the diocese was secularised. 
Here are linen manufactories and bleach yards for 
"Osnaburgs," Ac. 

Near the town is the old castle of Iburg, where 
George II. of England was bom. 

[From Osnabrttck a line of 87 miles runs to 

Bielefeld (page 27).] 

Rheine (Stat.), on the Ems, a manhfacturmg 
town. The line descends that river close to the 
borders of Holland, and through a flat uninterest- 
ing tract called the Saterland Moor, to 

MeppeXL (Stat.), population, 3,400 ; capital of 
the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen. 

Papenburg (Stat.), in the Hochmoor, a marshy 
district, near which the line from Gruningen 

comes in, vi& Weener. 

Leer (Stat.), population, 10,000 ; near a busy 
town with a considerable trade. Steamers to 
Norderney in 4 to 5i hours. 

Emden, as in Route 6. 

ROXJTE 8. 

Berlin to Lul>eck. 

By rail to BUcbeu, 144 miles, as in Route 2. 

Thence as follows: — 

English I English 

ialj0$. / miles. 

Idff / Ratzeburg Ice 

JoO / Lffbeck...„f.„„„„ 179 



7 „ , 



A more direct line to Sehwerln (Route 9), and 
thence by rail vi& Kieinen and Schonberg, is pro- 
jected. 

MdUn (Stat.), near a small town in Lauen- 
berg, on the Stocknitz, which connects Ltibeck 
with the Elbe. Eulenspiegel, the famous clown 
of the old German mysteries, lived and died here 
in the fourteenth century. His grave, with an ' 
inscription, and some other relics are shown. 

Excursions to the pretty Schallsee. 

Ratzeburg (Stat.), at a town mostly in the 
Duchy of Lauenburg, annexed to Prussia, 1866. 

Population, 4,200. 

Hotels. — Daniels; Rathskeller; Stadt Hamburg. 

This little city, once a bishop's see, is a well- 
built place, on an island in the Ratzeburg Lake, 
an expansion of the Trave. It has a fine view of 
the lake, which is traversed by a causeway on one 
side of the island, and a bridge 1,100 feet long, on 
the other side. The diocese wiis secularised in 1 64B. 

The brick Catljtedrdl is a fine old Romanesque 
building of the twelfth century, with later Gothic 
additions, and belongs, with the Domhof adjoin- 
ing, to the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Meek- 
lenburg-Strelitz. 

LUBECK (Stat.) 

A free city and Hanse Town, the head of a 
territory of 130 square miles, including Trave- 
miinde and Bergdorf ; governed by a Senate of 
fourteen members, eight of whom are of the 
literary class. 

Population, 63,590. 

Hotels. — Stadt Hamburg; Stadt London. 

Cabs.— For 1 or 2 persons, 60 pf . the course ; each 
person additional, 16 pf . Luggage, 30 pf . 

Resident English Vicb-Consul. 

Post and Telegraph Orpics.— Opposite the 
Rathhaus. 

Tramways traverse the town. 

Steamers.— To Travemiinde, St. Petersburg, 
Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Stralsund. (See 
Bradshaw^s Continental Guide.) 

A special kind of cake, called Margipan (the old '■ 
English '' Marchpane"), is made here. 

TUs fine old specimen of a mediseval town' 
stands ou tm emu^tvcck \Mfcireeu the Travo and 



Hottte 8.] 



HAND-BOOK TO eBBMAKY.— LUBBCK. 



43 



of Uolitefai, t/tor the (Jestmotion of «n Old 
Lttbeck of the eighth century, on the Schwartzau. 
After being enlarged by Henry the Lion, it be- 
eame the head of the great Hanaeatic League o 
eighty-five cities and ports, which lasted down to 
16M,and wasregalated by the ''LttbischeRecht," of 
Code estiU>lishedhere by the deputies. It has several 
clean, broad streets, and large old-fashicmed brick 
and stone houses with gable fronts built by its 
substantial burghers in more prosperous days. 
The high ramparts have been dismantled since 
BlUcher took refuge here after the battle of Jena, 
and are laid out with walks and gardens. Tlie 
Holsten and Burg Gates deserve notice. Upcm 
Blilcher's defeat and surrender at Latkau, Liibeck 
was pillaged by the French. It contains six fine 
old churches. It is a free City-Republic and a 
member of the German Empire. 

The Cathedral was begun II70 by the bishops 
of Oldenburg, and finished 1841. It is of brick, 
with towers 890 feet high; and contains some 
good paintings, a finely carved door and screen ; 
monuments and tombs of bishops and citizens, 
including an effigy of Bishop Bodcholt, and a fine 
brass of the fourteenth century : a curious trip- 
tych altar-piece of the Crucifixion, by H. Memling 
(1491) ; a stone pulpit, and a brass font (1445). 

The MarienUrehe (Our Lady's) is a fine Gothic 
edifice of brick, 340 feet long, with two wooden 
spires 405 feet high. It has three aisles, the 
middle one being 45 feet wide, and 145 high. 
Among the objects of notice arc some good 
wood carving ; stained glass windows by Livi ; a 
high altar by Avellino or GuiUinus ; ancient and 
modem paintings by Perugino, Vandyck, Over- 
bed, and Tischbein, one being a Dance of Death 
of the fifteenth century ; also some brasses, three 
organs, and a curious old clock (1405), in which 
are the figrures of the seven Electors and the 
Emperor. Can be seen every day from 12 to 1, 
under the gruidance of the KHster. 

The Gtothic Bathhaus is another brick building, 
dating from 1442, with old bronze work and wood 
carving, and the ancient Ilall of the Hansa, in 
wliteh the deputies of the Hanseatic League met, 
now divided into offices. Fee,50pf. Below is the 
RathduXl«r, now used h» a restaurant and oyster 
room. It It tnM to he the Urgett In Germany. 



Some good carvings are to be seen at the house 
of the Merchants* Company, in Breite-strasse ; at 
the Schiffer Gesellschaft, or Sailors' Company 
tl535), which contains models of ships; the 
Hospital of the Holy Ghost (Heiligcngeist) of the 
thirteenth century for aged poor has a fine Gothic 
chapel. 

The Town Library and Museum of Antiquities 
are in the remains of the old Minorite Convent 
of St. Catherine. Other collections are at Nos. 88, 
16, and 11, Brcitc-strasse. The Holstenthur (1477) 
was restored in 1871. 

Sir G. Kneller and the brothers Ostade were bom 
here, and their houses are still shown. Another 
artist, Overbeck, a modem painter, was also a 
native. A stone in the Market-pluce shows where 
Admiral Meyer was beheaded fur cowardice. 

An old house in the Schrangcn was the seatof Count 
Von Moltke's family. He was born at Patxhim, 
his father being a general in the Danish service. 

There is a good trade carried on, chiefly in wine 
and timber. 

In 1850 the Black Death plague carried off 70,000 
or 80,000 persons, one-half of its then population. 

Excursions may be made to Waldhusen (a large 
Hunengrabhere), Schwartau, Lachswehr, and 
Ratzeburg. 

A line, vid Eutinand AflClieberg, brings LUbeck 
into direct communication with Kiel (50 miles), 
Neustadt, Ac. Eutin was the birth-place of C. M. 
von Weber. 

The harbour and port of Liibeck are at 

nravoxntillde, reached by steamer in If hours, 
or rail in 1 hour. 

Population, 2,000. 

Hotels. -Hotel Kurhaus; de Russie. 

Restaurant in the Strand Pavilion. 

A small town and bathing-place on the Baltic 
Sea, at the mouth o the Trave or Gulf of Ltil)cck, 
12 miles below Liibeck; much frequented in the 
summer. 

Excursions may be made to Hafkrug, Schar- 
beutz, and Neustadt, and to the lighthouse. 

From Neustadt, on the Gulf, there is a railway 
to Kiel, Ac, viA EulV&> «.%*X«is^ \a*\jS5sss«ji^ 



44 



BBADBHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 1. 



ROXJTB e. 



Berlin to Hagenow, SChwerin, Wimiar, 
Xleinen, Biltsow, and Rostock (Friedr 

rich Franz Eisenbahn). 

By Hamburg Railway to Hagenow, as in Route 4. 
Thence the stations are as follow : — 



English 
Hagenow to miles. 

Schwerin 15 

Klelnen Junction ... 26 

IBranch to Wlsmar, 

38 miles.] 
Blaukenberg ...m.... S8 



English 
miles. 
Butzow Junction... 50i 
IBfxmch to Giistrow, 
Neu Brandenburg, 

Schwaan ».... 60 

Rostock 70 



SCHWERIN (Btat.), in Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin. 

Population, 34,000. 

Hotels. — De Rnssic, and others. 

Stkamkrs on the Lake. 

This is the capital of the Grand Duchy, pic- 
turesquely seated at the junction of the Schwerin, 
Burg, Ziegei, and Ostorfer Lakes, the first of which 
is nearly 14 miles long. 

It is divided into Old Town of the eleventh 
century, and New Town ; of which the Neustadt 
and the Vorstadt and Paul-stadt suburbs are 
best built, with good straight streets. It contains 
a handsome new church and a new theatre. 

The CcUhedral (Dora) of the fourteenth and 
fifteenth centuries, restored in 18C9, is a fine 
Gothic church, 305 feet long, by 135 feet broad. 
The chapel of the "Holy Blood" contains glass 
windows from paintings by Cornelius, and tombs 
of the ducal family, including P. Vischcr's bronze 
monument of Duchess Helena (1524), and some 
fine Flemish brasses (1473). The altar-piece is by 
Lenthe. 

The Ducal Castle (Schloss) Is built on an Island, 
ur peninsula, between Schwerin and Burg Lakes, 
being a large modem pile, finished 1858, on the 
site of the first castle. It is fortified and approached 
by a drawbridge. The gardens arc open to the 
public. Near it Is Rauch's bronze of the Grand 
Duke Paul Frederick (1849), with the War Monu- 
ment, Ball-room, and Riding-house. The Duke's 
Pictures are at the Museum in the Alte Garten. 
^2>^f j/rcJado » Murillo, many Vandykes, and 
''^A^j-^palntJnsrB by Dow, Potter, Tenters, Oudry, 

"" ^., o/ the Dutch and French schools. 



To be seen Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, 
11 to 2; and Sundays, 12 to 4 o'clock. 

The Museum also contains Wendish antiquities, 
and a specially good collection of relics from the 
dolmens of Mecklenburg. 

There are a large Arsenal (1844) and Barrack; 
a good Rathhaus, or Town-hall; handsome 
Government Buildings, erected 1825-35; and an 
Anatomical Museum, at the Veterinary School. 

A yearly festival takes place on the Schelf- 
werder, an island between the lakes of Schwerin 
and Ziegei. 

Trips may be made to Zippendorf, to Frledrlchs- 
thal and its hunting castle and park ; and Osdorf . 
Rail to Ludwigslust (page 81) and Parchim, the 
birth-place of Count Von Moltke, whose statue is 
there. 

Klelnen (Stat.)— A juncUon to Wlsmar (see 
page 45). 

BiltlOW (Stat.)- Junction for Giistrow (see 
page 45). 

ROSTOCK (Stat.), in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 

POPULATIOK, 44,430. 

Hotels. — De Russle ; Stadt Hamburg. 

Railway.— To gchwerin, Stettin, Ac. 

Steamers.— To Wamemiinde, MUritz, &c. 

Diligence.— To Ribnitz. 

This, the largest town in the Grand Duchy, is 
also a port on the River Wamow, nine miles from 
the Baltic Sea. The river forms a harbour half-a- 
mile wide, and ship-building is carried on, with a 
good trade to foreign parts. It was formerly an 
important Hanse Town, on the site of a Wendish 
settlement, which was taken by the Kings of 
Denmark, 1191, and annexed to the duchy, 1323. 
It stands on an eminence over a fertile plain, and 
contains many gable-ended houses with some new 
streets in the Middle and New Town. The ram- 
parts are planted with streets, and form a pleasant 
walk. In BlUcher Platz stands Schadow's bronze 
of BlUcher, bom here 1742. It bears these lines 

from Goethe : — 

" Im Harren VBd KrieR, 
Im Btun und Sieg, 
Bewaast xuad gross, 
Po riss er una vom Feinde los." 

His house Is 22, Blticher St. Grotlus died here, 
1645, on his way home from Sweden. The Ducal 
Palace U a\arge p\\« ov^tlooklng the town. 

The ifaH«T»Mrch«(,S>l,lll«r8'Vi^o\ xv<i \\v\TV^^\ijc^ 



Route 9.] 



fiAKD*BOOK TO GBBMANT. — ROSTOCK, W18MAS. 



45 



century, is 300 feet long, by 240 feet broad, 
nearly 100 feet high. It contains a good altar- 
piece, by Rhode; a curious astronomical clock; a 
bronze font, and other relics. A slab marks the 
temporary resting-place of Grotius. St, Peter's 
Church, in Altstadt, is of the thirteenth century, 
and has a tall spire, about 430 feet high. The Rath- 
haiu is a building with seven turrets, in the 
market-place. 

The University, the only one in the Qrand Duchy, 
was founded 1419. It numbers above twenty pro- 
fessors, and 120 students. Kqaler, the Astronomer, 
was professor here under the patronage of WaUen- 
stein. The new building (1870) is a handsome 
edifice in the Renaissance style, adorned with 
statues, and has a library containing 150,000 
volumes, incladiug many rare books and Oriental 
and Spanish MSS. 

A monument of the 1870-71 war, the town 
museum, the wharves, and the very fine gardens, 
on the site of the old walls, are well worth a visit. 
There is a good export trade in grain, herrings, 
and coal. 

Excursions to Belle vue, Carlshof, Holzwarter- 
hofe ; and to Wamdl&tillde, the port of Rostock 
at the mouth of the Wamow ; a village with 2,000 
inhabitants, now much frequented as a bathing 
place on the Baltic. Rail from Rostock to Wismar, 
86 miles. 

Doberan (Stat.) 

Population, 3,850. 

Hotels. — Logirhaus ; Lindenhof . 

A small town and bathing-place close to the 
Baltic, the arrangements of which are good, and 
the climate pleasant in the season, viz., July and 
August. Here are iron and sulphur baths. 

Railway (3| miles) to Heiligendamm, a wall or 
bank, on the sea shore, of loose stones; where 
lodging^ ore to be had, as well as in the town. 

The Gothic Church, of the tenth century, has 
acme good paintings, and graves of the old dukes. 
- There is also a Ducal Palace in a fine park, and 
a square called the camp, lined with good buildings. 

In the neighbourhood are the Jungfcmberg, a 
beautiful spot, with a pavilion, and the park at the 
Bnckenberg. 

Wlaauw (StAt), in Ifeckieobarg-Schwerln. 
PoPULATioir, 16,81S. 



Hotel.— Stadt Hamburg. 

A port In the Duchy, on a bay of the Baltic Sea, 
called Walpech Bay, with a good, secure harbour. 
It was a Hanse Town, and contains several old 
brick gable houses of the fourteenth century. 
From 1648 to 1808 it belonged to Sweden. It was 
then pawned to Mecklenburg for 100 years. 

The Marienkirche is a large brick Gothic building, 
with a bronze font. The Fiirstenhof, now 
Rathhaus ; the Alte Schule (1830) and the Thor- 
mann^sche Haus are interesting. 

In the neighbourhood is Schwansee, with a fine 
park ; and the island of Poel, joined to the main- 
land by a long bridge. At Neu-Buekow, the famous 
Dr. Schliemann, the scholar and linguist, was born, 
1822, a poor man's f on. 

About 12 miles from Wismar is the bathing-place 
of Boltenhagen. Steamboats to Copenhagen. 

Railway through Blankenberg to KarOW, 
junction of line from GUstrow to Plau. 
QliStrOW (Stat.), in Mccklenburg-Schwerln. 
Population, 14,569. 
Hotds.—D^ Russic ; Erbgrossherzog. 
Capital of a district, on the Ncbel; for many 
centuries the seat of the Grand Duke, whose 
ancient Palace is here. It is, like the Cathedral 
(Flemish carvings and paintings), of the sixteenth 
century. Considerable wool trade. 

From GUstrow, a line Is open toMalchin,Staven- 
hagen Nen Brandenburg (Route lO), Berlin, 
and Stettin. At Malchin (Stat.), between two 
lakes, a branch goes ofF to 
Waren (Stat.). Population, 6,400. 
Hotels.— l>Vi Kord ; Stadt Hamburg. 
The Miiritzer See, about 50 square miles in 
extent, is the largest lake in this part of the 
country. This line is continued to Neu-Strelitz 
(page 46). 

Malchin (Stat.) 

Population, 6,000. 

Hotel.— Tie Russie. 

Fine Gothic church of the fourteenth century. 
The whole of this district Is very pretty, and is 
known as the Mecklenburg Switzerland. 

Stavenliagen (Stat.), or Stenhagen,the blrth- 

tV^e WMUOti \wi«aw ^-^ ^^^ ^^ '^^^ 



\ 



46 



BBAB8HAW 8 ILLTTSTBATCD 



Any EDKlishman with a fair knowledge of Ger- 
man can easily acquire this tongue, as it often 
comes much nearer to vemacalar English than 
the Hocli Deutscb. 

liOXJTB lO. 

BerllB to Oiaal«ilreigr.Wwi ■fanallto, Hra.- 

Brandenbnrg, and Btraliund. 

By rail as follows: — 
MUes. 
Oesundbrunnen 1| 



Hermsdorf 8 

Birkenwcrder 13^ 

Oranienburg 19 

LUwenberg 29 

Granseo 86| 

Dannonwalde 42 

FUrstenbcrg-in-Meck- 

lenburg AO 

Strolitz 60| 



Miles. 

Nea-Strelitz 63 

Blankensee •••.....»... 72 

Nen-Brandenberg ... 85 

Treptow-arT 94| 

GUltz 100 

Stemfeld 104^ 

Demmin 112 

Grimmen 136 

Siralsund 140| 



OranlenbUIg (Stat.), formerly called BUUow. 

/on.— Schwarzer Adler. 

This little town obtained its present name from 
the Princess of Nassau-Oranien (Orange-Nassau), 
the wife of the Great Elector, who built a castle 
here, now turned into a factory. 

Qraxuiee (Stat)» a small town, with a monument 
to (^ucen Louisa of Prussia. Near it (10 m.) is 
Rheinsbef'g, among pine-wood, noted as the abode 
of Frederick the Great, when Crown Prince. 

Neu-StrelltZ (Stat.), in Mecklcnburg-StroUtz ; 
which includes the Principality of Ratzcburg. 

Population, 9,410. 

/nn.- Stadt Hamburg. 

The capital of the Grand Duchy, on the Zirker 
Lake, about 1 mile from Old Strelitz; built since 
1788, in the shape of a star, with 8 points striking 
out of the market-placo. It contains the Ducal 
CastUy (erected after the fire, which burnt the first 
castle at Old or Alt Strelitz), standing in a 
garden and park. It has a menagerie and a statue 
of Queen Louisa of Prussia by Ranch, resting on a 
sarcophagus. 

There is also a Ducal College, with a Theatre, 
and Library of 70,000 volumes, and a collection of 
medals and antiquities, including several images 
found at Prillwitz, near Hohen Zieritz, in this 
neighbourhood. 

Alt Strelitz has 4,000 inhabitants, with an 
~''^^j4s/iuia£/o asjrlamf and bone market. At 

Mkj^ /x/eas4ujtljr situated on Lake ToIIen, 

^^**"«^»c&/o» Mnd jmrk; and another 



[Sec.*. 

monument to the popular and lamented Queen 
Louisa of Prussia, who died here, 19th July, 1810. 

Stargard (Stat.), a small town with 3,000 
inhabitants, and an old fort. 

Nen-Brandenbnrg (Stat.), in Mecklenbnrg- 
Strelitz. 

Foruumov. 8,500. 

iTo/eff.— Filrstenhof ; 6<ddene Kugel. 

Rail to Rostock, Schwerin, Gfistrow, Paaewalk, 
Parch im, Ludwigslust, &e. 

The largest town in the Grand Duchy, in the 
pleasant valley of Lake Tollens or Tollensersee. It 
is nearly circular in shape and contains four old 
Gothic tower gates; through one of which Tilly 
entered after a three days' siege, in the Thirty 
Years' War. It contains a Ducal Castle and Town 
Hall, and has an annual wool market and races, 
which are well attended. 

The old restored Marienkirche, in the €k>tfaic 
style, contains an altar- piece and fresco, by Eggvrs. 

There is a Gymnasium, or College, and a Real 
School for practical teaching. On a hill over the 
Tollensee is the Belvedere, or ducal country seat, 
having the finest views in Mecklenburg. From 
here it is 55 miles to Straisund, the intermediate 
stations and country being devoid of any special 
interest. See next page for Stralsund. 

•ROTJTJEl 11. 
Berlin to Angermtlnde, Bligen, Putlnu, 

and Stralsund (Berlln-StettUier-Eiaeabahn). 
By rail to Stralsund. Stations as follow; — 



English 
Berlin to miles. 

Eberswalde 28 

Chorin 35 

Angermiinde 441 

[Branch to Stettin, 
Route 12.] 

Greiffenberg 49 

Wilmersdorf 51^ 

Seehausen 60 

Prenzlau 67 

Nechlin 74 

Pasewalk 81| 

IBranche* to Stettin 
and Neubranden- 
burg.] 

Eberswalde (Stat.), formerly Keostadt- 
Eberswalde. 



English 
milea. 

Jatznick 88| 

Borckenfriede 97 

Ducherow 100 

[Bremeh to 
Swinemiinde 38] 

Anclam 100| 

Ziissow 118} 

IBranch to 

Wolgast lOri 

Greifswald J2»| 

Miltzow 1891 

Stralsund 149 



Houte 11.] 



UAKD<BOOR to GKBJtAHY. — ££]eitSWALl>fi, STRALStJKD. 



47 



A pleasant little vavm on theFiuow canal, which 
joins the Oder with the Havel. Here are brass 
works, knife factory, paper mills, and royal copper 
mill; Forester's Academy; with a mineral spring 
like that of Freienwalde. 

Along the road to AngermtLnde is a fine mined 
Chnrch of a suppressed Cistercian conyent. 

From here a line tnms off to Frankf ort-on-the- 
Odcr, past Freienwalde, Wriezen (branch to 
KSnigsberg), and Seelow. Freienwalde (where 
a branch comes in from AngermUnde) is. a bathing 
place on a branch of the Oder. 

Inn. — Post. 

- There are seven steel Springs recommended for 
gout, and excellent water for drinking. 

Lodgings, at the private hons^ in the town, at 

- the Wells, and at a Cold-Water establishment. 

Angermliilde (Junction Stat.)— An ancient 

town, where the line to Stettin tnms off. 

[A branch rail follows the post road of 14 miles to 

Schwedt (Stat.), on the Oder. 

Population, 6,800. 

Inn. — Deutsches Hans. 

A weil-bnilt town, formerly the residence of the 
Margraves of Brandenberg-Schwedt, whose Palace 
of Monplaisir remains, with the family tombs in 
the French chnrch. 

Its neighbourhood is well planted with rows of 
acacias, limes. Ac, which the town owes to one of 
its Margraves, who was accustomed to bestow 100 
stripes on the unlucky mayor for every dead tree 
noticed by him.] 

Following the line we come to 

PaaeWBlk (Stat.), at the junction of the 
branch to Stettin and the Neu Brandenburg line. 

DucherOW (Stat.), the junction for Swlne- 
miinde, the port of Stettln, 23 miles to the right 
(Rente 12.) 

Oretfswald (Stat.), population, 2i,3oo. 

Steamers to RUgen. 

STRALSUND (Stat.) 
Population, 27,822. 

INVS.— Ooldener LSwe, in the Market Place; 
Hotel Geibel ; du Nord. 

Stsaxsb to MalmSf in Sweden; daily in 
summer, la 10, hours. Thence to Copenhagen, 
in 1^ boar. Every hour to Aitef ahr in Riig^, 
iCjpiaatcJ^ ia cffnfteetion with the liit^ej^ ri^lL 



\ 



An old Hanse town and fort on the Baltic, on 
the Strela-Sund, or strait of Gtellen, which divides 
the mainland from the picturesque Isle of Bllgeu 
opposite, here about 2 miles wide. 

In the Thirty Years' War, it was besieged (1628) 
without success, by Wallensteln, who lost 12,000 
men before the place, though he had sworn to 
capture it, **even if it were fastened by chains 
to heaven." At the conclusion of the war in 1648 
it became the capital of Swedish Pomeranla, and, 
after having been taken by tbe Prussians in 1678, 
and again in 1715, it was finally in 1815 annexed 
to Prussia. 

The marshy Island on which It stands Is joined 
by three bridges to the main. Another Island, the 
Danholni, Is a fortified spot at the end of the 
Frankendamm, and forms a small harbour for 
gunboats. Its streets are made up of dark gloomy 
houses, in the old-fashioned style of LUbeck. 

The best view of the town is from the 
high tower of St. Mary's Church (Marienklrche), 
of the 15th century, which has two finely stained 
windows, the gift of Frederick William IV. ; with 
some good paintings and a good organ. The 
sacristan may be found in the street behind the 
church. 

St. Nicholas is of the I4th century, has some 
old tombs and a font. Fine wood carving, bronzes, 
and brass candelabra, well worth Inspection. 
The Sacristan lives close by. 

The Gothic Rathhaus was begun 1316, and 
finished in the 15th and 18th centuries. It contains 
a public library, museum, and a fine collection of 
coins. Open daily, 11 to 1. 

St. John's Convent Is an extensive pile of the 13th 
century. 

At No. 67 In the Fahr-strasse, a stone records 
the death of Major Schlll, who was taken here, Slst 
May, 18U9, with other prisoners of war, and shot 
by Napoleon, at Bnmswlck. Near the Franken- 
thor is an inscription recording that "Sverlges 
Konung Carl den XII." (Charles XII. of Sweden) 
slept at Stralsund, 22nd December, 1715, on his 
way from Bender, while the three kings ^f 
Prussia, Denmark, and Poland were besieging the 

sttyQxa\bt«n!^ ^^^5^<e3^ft% vsA^a^-^ 




LLL'BTRATaD 

Adjoining Ibe ptlace li 
pilvati tlHiiIre and ehij 
are Ibe Frledrlch-Wllhelini 



PDTBUS UMI the IBLAHI) of RUOEH , 

ejm bavUited trom Btralinnd. OrtKswBld. orSWHIn. 



tha Bergen R 


.llwar. 


Thl> 


Ine, a 


MUt 11 


long. ran. ncr 


Mtheb 






ollhe 


The lUlions 
















no, and 


LiDte 


From Slelllo 


l«lly in 








■( the moDlh 


of lb. CI 






!• (onr 


to Lnolorbac 








wBld d.lly, a 


nday excepted 


loLa 




The/^Md 


0/ BfiJB. 1. an 






1.1.nd. or k 


ot of 1 


land., 


off ih 


Fome 


ihwe o( Ihc 




parawdtrom 




b, the StreU 


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Indouled by 


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wooded 


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with 


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7 English 



le mlddte. the higheit polnti 



eilrcmity of Riigeii and ot Germ 



PUTBUS. 

^utl'e belonglnK 



Italian fltyle, containing a gallery of palntlnge, «l 

iM^/a* by ThcFwaldaea, Ao^j aiao of anelqnltieE 

U^«™p«i/ Mad Barcalmaemn, and ( eallKlloi 

•»* anabatUt-n— /ouutf la RU(«d. 



' Hear it l9 the 
HerthtitMrg, c 



a See. ot Blacli Lake, a dark pool in 
if the beorli wood, surrounded by ai 
-e the goddess Henlia ivai 1 



notber 



llDll V kl 



The StaDbenJEUnilWr H a ehalk cliff at th» 
north-east point of the peninsula of Jaamund, WO 
to 410 feet high, looking ont on (be Baltic. A ilg- 
I tag lUlicase, witb «IH etepi. cut In the rock, 
I leadi Iwnn «ib ^leti^ Vi *:&» ^■6ni\«BWfti\ i^\wt« 
I nM) «* 111* w». -"^W" *™* ^* * *** ■'^" "■ 



SoHte 12.] 



HANI>-BOOK' TO OBiaEiellT. — maWX, 8TSTTIM. 



4» 



Mmrtse: from herd oaii be seen tkfr DmlBh idland 
of Moen, 80 to 40 mfles distant. 

Inn; crowded in snininer, but now enlttrged, so 
as to accommodate over 100 persons. 

From Stubbenkammer to Arcona, in Wlttow, the 
rMd goes by another narrow caitseway of- lantf 
called the "Schabe,** between the Trompar Wick 
and Jasmnnd Bodden. Near the west comer of 
Jasmnnd is Bobbin, which has a cnrions church, 
and collection of Rfigen antiquities at the parson- 
age. It lies close to 

Spieker^ a country-seat of Prince Putbns, built 
by General Wrangel in the I7th century, and con- 
taining some interesting family portraits. 

AltenklrclieiL is a Tillage with earthen ram- 
parts and a Church of the 12th century, in which 
an image of the four-headed god Swantewlt may 
be seen. The poet, Kosegarten, who was pastor 
here, is buried in the churchyard. There is good 
herring fishery here; during the season a sermon 
is preached on shore to the fishermen sitting in 
their boats. 

At the northern extremity of the island, by a 
route near the sea, stands 

Areona^ a promontory in the chalk rock, rising 
aOO feet high, with a lighthouse, visible SO English 
miles. This is the most northerly point of Germany. 
It has a view of the Danish island of Moen in the 
horizon, and the coast of Jasmund on the east, and 
of Hiddensee, a long island on the west of BUgen. 
At the Burgring was a famous fortress of the 
Wends, with a heathen temple dedicated to 
Swantewit, which was taken by Waldensar I,, 
King of Denmark^ 1168, when Christianity was 
introduced. 

From hence, back through Wlttow, which, like 
Jasmnnd, is fertile and picturesque, to 

Bergen, the capital of Biigen. 

Population, 3,700. 

Inns: Goldner Adier; Prinz ron Preussen. 

It has a Toum Hall and a Marienkirche, which, as 

it stands high, can be seen orer almost the whole 

island. To the north is Mount Rugard, 320 feet, 

one of the higher points of Riigen, with a ruined 

fort, which was the seat of its old princes till 1316'. 

The prospect of the island and the neighbouring 

shores of Pomeraoia is rery fne. A good coU^- 

tJon ofBttgen Matiquitiea may be'scnsn. From here 
E 



it is 9 mller to Putbuij 8 miles- to Q$ln\ and 18 
miles to Stralsund, to which dfllgences run twio^ 
a day. 

Garz. Formerly the capital. 

PopouLTioir, 1,700. flbfrf.— Du Nord. 

Bemarkable for the remains of the temples* of' 
Forewit, Riigewit, and Porenut, three Wendlsh 
idols, and for traces of the old castle of Carenza. 

JSmst Moritz Amdt, author of "Was ist def 
Deutschen Vaterland ? " (see Intkoductiok, page 
xxix.), was bom here in 1769; there is an obelisk 
to his memory on Mount Rugard. 

Carriages are brought over by the ferry. 

A short cut to the mainland can be made to 
Grelfswald (Stat.), orer Glewitzer Ferry to 
Stahlbrode, not far from Reinberg which is close 
to Miltzow Station, from whence It is 10 miles to 
Gkreifswald. 

ROTJTE IS- 

Berlin to Stettin (for Swinemimde and 
PutbuB), Stargard, Kolberg, CosUn, and 
Dantzlc. 

By rail to Angermttnde, as in Route 11 ; thence the> 
stations are as under: — 



English 
Angermiinde to miles. 

Passow 56 

Casekow 61 

Tantow 69 

Stettin 83 

{Branch to Pase- 

walk, for Putbns 

line.] 

Alt Damm 89 

Carolinenhorst 96^ 

Stargard 104i 

Trampko 114^ 

Freienwalde 12l| 



Enprlish 
miles. 

Wangerin 133 

IBranch to Tcmpel- 
burg, 31 miles.] 

Labes 189^ 

Schivelbein 153}' 

Belgard 173^ 

[Branch to 

Ciirlin 4^ 

Degow 16 

Colberg 22] 

Nassow 180 

Coslin 188i 



Thence to Dantzic, by rail, as follows : — 



l^chubben Zanow ... 7 

Carwitz 19* 

Scblawo 25} 

Zitzewitz 

Stolp 42* 

Hebron Damnitz ... 66 



Lauenburg 761 

Neustadt 98 

Kielau (W. Pru8.)...109i 

Zoppot 119 

Oliva 121 

Dantzic 126| 

Another way to Dantzic is by rail, as in Route 13. 

For Eberswalde and other stations to Anger* 

miinde station, sec Route 11 . Thence, as aboTe^ to 

STETTIN (Stat.), in Pomerania. 



50 



BRADSUAW 6 1LLU6TJIATEO 



fSec. 1. 



Cab8, one person, 60 pf.; two persons, 80 pf.; 
three persons, 1 mark; four persons, 1 mark 20 
pf. the course. Luggage :— 25 pf . each package. 

Post and Telegraph Office, 20, GrOne Schanze. 

The capital of the province of Pomerania, on the 
left bank of the Oder, where It begins to widen 
into the Stettiner-Haff, before falling into the 
Baltic. The principal part of the town is planted 
on the Oder; the suburbs of Lastadlo and Silbcr- 
wlcse are on the right bank. The Oder is crossed 
by four fine bridges. One of the bridges over the 
Rcgelitz is 630 feet long. The town was formerly 
strongly fortified. The Berlin and Konigs Thor 
arc tine gates. Some of the handsomest new 
houses arc at Neustadt, within the old walls. The 
busiest portion is on the Bollwerk, near the port. 

The Castle or Schlosa—novr the residence of the 
provincial authorities — was the seat of the Dukes 
of Pomerania, down to 1637, and was held by 
Sweden from 1648 to 1720. It Is an old building, 
begun 1503, and has a grand view, from the Jaco- 
bite Tower, over the town. Antiquarian Museum, 
open Sunday, 11 to 1. Here the Empress Catherine 
of Russia was bom, 1729, while her father was 
Governor ; and another Empress (the wife of Paul) 
in 1759. There Is a singular clock In the south tower. 

The Castle Church (Schlossklrche) contains the 
tombs of the Dukes. The church of SS. Peter and 
Paul, the oldest in Pomerania, was founded 1124, 
and restored 1817. 

Church of St. Jacobi in the centre of the town, 
dating from the 13th century, partly rebuilt, 1677. 

The marble statue of Fred. If., by Schadow, is 
in the Lanc^iaus, or House of the Provincial Estates, 
which contains a good library, and valuable MSS. 
A bronze copy is in the Kiinigs-platz. 

The Ratlthaus, built 1245, has a collection of 
Russian medals, presented by the Empress Cathe- 
rine. It faces the Exchange and Its largo hall, in 
which the Casino Company give their balls. 

The Stadt Museum, in Elizabeth Street (Neu- 
stadt), is open Sunday and Wednesday, 10 to 2. 
The New Rathhans Is in the Victoria Platz, near 
the Post Office. 

At the Gymnasium (or High School) are a library, 

museum of natural history, and observatory; and 

a/ the new Gnard Room, a monnmcnt of a chief 

fi^4 If^Sac^, TAc 7!f€a/re, in Parade-pl&tz, 



is the handsomest bailding in the town. Before it 
is the statue of Frederick William III., by Drake. 

Field Marshal Von Wrangel was bom here. A 
great wool fair is held Jane 20th. 

Ship-building, and the mannfactiire of machines 
and chemicals, with sugar-refining, are carried on. 
It is the chief port for East Prussia and Silesia, 
being the outlet for grain, spirits, and other pro- 
duce. Large ships stay at Swlnemtinde (see below), 
near the mouth of the river; but the channel 
above, through the Dammansch Lake, and the 
Haff, as the embouchure is called, has been 
deepened to about 16 feet. 

By steamer, 10 pf. to Frauendorf, a village on the 
Oder, near the Ellsenhohe, with a fine view of 
Stettin and the banks of the Oder. A little farther 
is Gotzlow, surrounded by wooded hills. Steamer 
dally (passing the above places) to 

Swinemunde (Stat ) in 4 hours, or by branch 
rail 23 miles from Ducherow (p. 47). 

POPULATIOM, 9,000. 

Inns.—De Prusse ; Drel Kronen. 

A small well-built town on the Swine, the middle 
(ftic of the three mouths of the Oder; the other two 
being the Peene and Dievenow, It is on the Island 
of Usedom, where Gustavus Adolphus landed, 1630, 
in the Thirty Years' War; and is an outpost of 
Stettin, with harbour, made by two moles, nearly 
a mile long. Large ships stop here. There is a 
Bath-house and Assembly-room; and walks and 
drives can be had to the Lighthouse; to Herings- 
dorf (6 miles), another bathing-place; to Corswant, 
among well-wooded scenery ; and to the Golm, the 
highest spot in the island, whence there is a fine 
view. Steam to Lauterbach, in seven hours, across 
the Greifswalder Bodden or Bay. 

From Stettin the line to Dantzic crosses an 
arm of the Oder, past the small fortified town of 

Altdamm (Stat), on the Reglltz. Here a 
line turns off to Ctollnow ; Naugard, which has 
cloth factories, with salmon and lamprey fisheries; 
and Grelfenberg (49 mUesX Treptow, and Col- 
berg, see page 51. From Alt Damm, the main line 
proceeds through a fine wood and past Madii 
Lake to 

Stargard (Stat), in East Pomerania. 
Population, 28,792. 



Route 12.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANS. — STETTIN, DANTZIC. 



51 



A walled town, formerly the capital of Lower 
Pomerania, in a fertile plain on the navigable river 
Ihna, which joins the Oder about 20 miles below. 

The Marienkirefie, of the 14tQ century, in the 
Gothic style, is a well-proportioued church, built 
by the Teutonic Knights, and having a good organ. 
The Church of St. John, and the Town Hall, are of 
the 16th century. 

Rail from Stargard to Ciistrin (page 81). 

At Belgaxd (Stat.), the branches to Colberg 
(below) and KeUBtettln fall in. 

[Colberg, or Kolberg (Stat.), in Pomerania. 

POPULATIOX, 17,000. 

Hotel.— De Prusse. 

A fortress and iK>rt, iu a marshy spot, close to the 
Baltic, at the Persante's mouth. It was a Hanse 
Towu, and was taken by siege, 1630, by Gustavus 
Adolphus. It was re'^fortified 1773; and is noted 
for the successful stand it made against the 
French, 1807, under Gneisenau, Schill, &c. 

The Marienkirche (Catholic Church) is of the 
fourteenth century, in the Gothic style, and has a 
curious font, an old chandelier of wood, and 
painted roof. 

The Town Hall was built 1850, from SchinkeFs 
design. Bronze statue of Frederick William III. 

Rail to Altdamm (page 50). 

Colberg is now much resorted to for sea-bathing, 
at MONDE and Str.-tndstadt, its suburbs, where the 
harbour Is formed by two bars or dams. Two 
hotels here. On the other side of the harbour is 
Maikiihle, a pleasant grove.] 

CoslllI, or Koslin (Stat.), in Pomerania. 

Population, 18,000. 

Inn. — Dilrre's Hotel. 

A well-built walled town, formerly a bishopric, 
on the Niesenbecke, about 5 miles from the Baltic. 
It was rebuilt after the great fire of 1718, by 
Frederick William I., to whom there is a statue in 
the Market Place ; and is supplied with water by 
springs from the Qollenberg — a hill only about 820 
feet high, but the highest in Pomerania. It has a 
good prospect. An iron cross was erected here to 
ihc Pomeranians who fell in the war of deliver- 
ance, 1813-15. 

The river falls into Jasmund Lake, near this, 
and near the site of tbc ancient Jamsbnr;:^. Amher 
is found along the aborea of the Baltic. 



Hence by rail to Schlave (branched to RUgenwalde^ 
and to Neustettin). Near here is Varzin, the scat 
of the famous Bismarck. 

StOlp (Stat.) Hotel.^Umidi's. 

A small town, on the Stolpe, near the Baltic. 
The Duchess of Croy'a tomb is in the Schloss- 
kirche. Here are amber works; and it carries on 
a little trade by sea, through its harbour, at StOlp- 
miinde, on the branch rail to ZollblUCke and 

Keustettln. 
Lauenburg (Stat.) 

/««.— Hotel de Prusse. 

The last town on the Pomeranian border, having 
some official buildings, with a castle. 

Zoppot (Stat.), near a bathing-place for the 
Danzigers. 

Ollva (Stat.), under the Karlsberg (860 feet 
high), has an old Conventual Church, where peace 
between Poland and Sweden was signed, 1660. 

DANTZIC or DANZIG (Stat.) In Polish, Gdansk 

Population, 120,469. 

Hotels.- -Du Nord ; de Berlin; Englisches 
Haus (the Old Cloth House of the English 
Traders); Walther's. 

Resident English Consul and English 
Clebgyman. 

Bankers. — Messrs. Gibson. 

Caf^s.— Leutholz, and Denger, in Langemarkt. 

Convetances. — Cabs : 2nd class ; one or two 
persons, 75 pf.; three persons, 1 mark; four persons, 
1 mark 25 pf . ; baggage, station to hotel, 25 pf . per 
package. 

Railway.— To Dirschau, Berlin, <kc. Terminus 
at the Ost-Bahnhof. For Stettin, Bromberg, 
Warsaw, Posen, at the Hohen Thor. 

Steamers. — To Neufahrwasser, Konigsberg, Ac 

Formerly the chief seat of the Prussian navy, 
an old Hanse town and a fortress of the first rank, 
on the Weichsel, or Vistula, at the junction of the 
Mottlau and Radaune, about 3 miles from the 
Baltic. .Its port is at Nevfahrtoasser^ on th« 
shallow Bay or Gulf, which stretches 65 mile* 
away towards the Frische Haff and Konigsberg. 
Under the name of Gedanic or Gedantk it existed 
in the tenth century. It afterwards became a free 
town and fott^ T5tQ\^<i\fc^ V^ '^'^vsA^ "mv?^ sjwss.'x.^'^- 



52 



BRADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



u4. 
vref 



Prussia, 1793. In the Groat French War It sus- 
tidned two memorable sieges: the first was one of 
four weeks, in 1807, when it was taken by the 
French, under Marshal Lefebvre, who was created 
Dake of Dantzic ; at the second, of eig^ht weeks, 
in 1814, it was retaken from General Rapp, by the 
Russians and Prussians. 

Dantzic is a picturesque old place, intersected by 
several canals, and full of narrow, crooked streets, 
containing in the principal thoroughfares manj' 
tall, handsome, and solid -looking houses, built by 
its prosperous merchants of the sixteenth and 
seventeenth centuries. Many of these may be seen, 
curiously adorned, in the Lang-gasse^ which runs 
east and west through the town, from the Hohes 
Thor, built 1588, to the Lange-markt, the Griines 
Thor, and is continued across the Speicher-Insel, 
under the name of Milch Kannen, to the Lang- 
garten Thor. The Old Town, in the Altstadt 
and Rechtstadt, is divided from the Niederstadt 
and Lang-garten by the Speicher-Insel — an island 
covered by granaries and surrounded by the two 
arms of the Mottlau. 1'fie com trade is an import- 
ant branch of business here. There are four 
principal gates and nineteen bastions, besides 
ramparts and sluice-gates, dividing the town from 
its suburbs; the whole being protected by two 
strong citadels on Ilagelsberg and Bischofsberg. 
At the north-east side of the town, is a pumping- 
station, the sewage being utilisedf or irrigating the 
sand-dunes at Heubude, about 4 miles east-north- 
east. Hear here the sea burst in, 1840; this has 
been obviated by a new channel for the river. 

Chukches. — There are over a score churches, 
chiefly Lutheran; the best of which is the High 
Church of St. Mary, or the MarienkircJie; a large 
and curious brick cross, built in the Gothic style, 
1343-1501, with three aisles. It is about 883 feet 
long, by 162 feet (through the transept, with a 
roof 120 feet high, resting on twenty-eight slender 
pillars, all of brick. It has ten small towers and 
a tall spire, 250 feet high. It contains fifty 
chapels round the sides, adorned with carvings 
and other ornaments. Fine stained windows 
and a Gothic High-Altar of early 16th century. 
laetaJ ront cast iu the yetberhinds, 1664, 
«' e»crmi cruoJiSx may be noticed. The 
'^ here la the DanzJffor BiJd, an 



[Sec. 1. 

early painting in oil of the Last Judgment, most 
probably by Memling. It was painted in Holland 
for the Medici, and on its way w^as seized by 
pirates, from whom it was retaken by a Dantzic 
ship and placed in this church. The Emperor 
Rudolph offered 40,000 dollars for it. The French 
carried it off, 1807; but it was brought back in 
1816. Tickets for the art treasures, 50 pf . Tickets 
for the tower, 25 pf., at No.40,Heiligegeist-strasse. 

St Catherine's Church is noted for its chimes. 
The Trinity Church was built, 1614. 

In the Lange-markt is the JunterJiof (the old 
merchants were styled Junkers or squires), called 
also the Artushof, used as an Exdiange; a good 
building of the fifteenth centurj-, noticeable for 
its old paintings, arms, and cai*vings. There 
is an old wine-room below. The Fountain in 
front is a bronze group of Neptune drawn by 
sea-horses. Near this is — 

The Town Hall, an old building of the fourteenth 
century, with carvings and paintings, and a good 
clock tower (1556). 

The Griines Thor, or gate, formerly the residence 
of the Polish kings when they came to Dantzic, is 
a handsome Gothic building, now used as a 
museum of natural history. Here, also, arc 
shipyards and dockyards for the navy; an 
Observatory, Theatre, and a Public Librarj- of 
30,000 volumes. 

The fine old restored Franciscan Monastery 
contains the Totvn Museum of antiquities, art- 
industry, collections, and pictures . Free, Wed nes- 
day and Sunday, 11 to 2; other days, 1| mark. 
Closed Saturday. 

A large timber and com trade is carried on, and 
amber is exported. There are several manufactories 
of oil and weapons, iron foundries, sugar houses, 
large brandy distilleries, factories for making 
" Dantzic spruce," and breweries. 

Dantzic is the birth-place of Archenolz, author 
of England und Italien, or travels in England and 
Italy, in 1785 ; and of Fahrenheit, the inventor of 
the Fahrenheit thermometer. 

Martin Opitz, the poet, is buried in the Cathe- 
dral; he died June, 1639, of the plague. He was 
one of the earliest German poets, and translalf d 
Barclay's " AigeiAa." 

The rampaits and Wvc T^^^ttyTO^5x\«>Q^« o\ xxv^- 



.RputelS.] 



HAKD-BOOK TO GlBlUtAKY. — DAXfTBlC, CUSTHIN. 



53 



BiMhofsberg aud the Hagelberg afford pleasant 
promenadeB, with good Tien-s. 

ExcuBBiovs. — To the JohanuUberg, with the 
JEsch-Kenthal; Nei^ahrwasier.th&portofDtntzic^ 
by steamer or rail ; Weichselmiinde, at the mouth 
of the Yistnla, by steamer. 

JExcursion to Zoppot (stat.), a village and 
bathing-plaoe, 8 miles from Dantzic, with good 
lodgings for visitors, and baths of all kinds. 

At Oliva Convent^ near this (p. 51), is a Church, 
built 1581, with a park and collection of pictures. 
Good view from the Karlsberg. 

ROTJTB IS. 
Berlin to CoBtrln, SdhneidemiiM (for 
Bromtwig, Otlociyn, and Warsaw), Dirs- 
cbau (Bar Bantalc), Marienbarg, El- 
blnff, K&DigBherg, and Eydtkuhnen. 

(KSnigUche Ostbahn.) 



miles. 
Berlin to Neuenagcn 

Frcdersdorf 14| 

[Btxtnch to RUders- 
dorf.] 

Stranssberg 17} 

Dahmsdorf -MUn- 

cheberg 28f 

Trebnitz 84 

Qnsow 40 

Oolzow 47} 

Cttbtrin 52 

iBranch to Frank- 
f ort-on-Odcr and 
Stettin.] 

Vietz 65 

DOllens-Radnnpr.. 69} 
Landsberg-on- 

Warthe 80 

Zantoch 88f 

Frledeberg 98 

Driesen 108| 

Kreuz 115 

IBfxmehes to Posen 
and Stettin ] 

Filehne 124 

SchSnlanke 145} 

Schneidemtthl 154 

{Branch to Nakel 
and Bromberpr, 
58} m.; thence to 
Thorn, 31 m ; and 
Warsaw, 149 m.] 
Brandtei to Posen 
and Ncnstettin.] 

Krojanko 168 

Flatow 174 



miles. 

Firchau 198 

Konitz 205 

Czersk 224 

Hoch-Stublau ...241 
Pruss.-Stftrgard...251 

Dirschau 266 

[Branch to 
Ilohonstcin ... 7 

Praust 14 

Dantzic 19} mis.] 

Marienhurg 277} 

[Branch to Deutsch 
Eylau.] 

Altfolde 284} 

Elbing 295 

Giildenboden 303 

Schlobittcn 310 

Braunsbcrg 330 

Heiliffcnbeil 337 

Ludwigsort 850 

Konigsbcrg 368} 

[Branches to 

Pillau 18 

Lyck 70 

Tapiau 394} 

Wehlau 400} 

Norkitten 416 

Insterburg 425 

[Branches to Tilsit, 
Mcmcl, and Kor- 
schcn.] 

Gumbinnen 441 

Trakehnen 449 

StallupUncn 459 

Eydtkuhuen (on the 
Russian frontIer)...464 



Mves going round to Frankfort-on-the-Oderrpasses 
Fredersdorf (from which a short branch was 
opened to BUdersdorf, 1878). 

Ciistrln (Stat.), in Brandenberg. 

POPCLATIOK, 17,000. 

Hotel*.— Hotel Sparcnberg; Krappe. 

Railway.— To Frankfort-on-the Oder, Ebcrs- 
waldc, «fec. A line comes in from Stettin, via 
Konigsberg-i-d-N.^ and proceeds via Reppen, Griin- 
berg, and Glogau (p. 68), on the Oder, to Brcslau 
(Route 14). To Stargard, 61 miles. 

A strong fortress, in a mai'shy spot, at the con- 
fluence of the Warthe with the Oder; which latter 
is crossed by a bridge joining the new Town with 
the works on the left bank. There are numerous 
smaller bridges. It was fortified by the Mar- 
graves of Brandenberg, 1568; was taken by the 
Swedes, 1631; and burnt to the ground by the 
Russians, 1768. It surrendered to the French, 
1806, and was given up to Prussia in 1814. 

In the Castle, now a barrack, Frederick the Great, 
when Crown Prince, was confined by his father, 
Frederick William I., and compelled to witness, 
from one of the windows, the execution of his 
friend Knttc. To escape his father's tyranny he 
had intended to escape to England, with Katte, and 
another friend, Keith ; but the secret came out, 
and the stem king (a hero of Carlyle's) was only 
prevented fromtakinghis son's life as a "deserter'' 
by the intercession of the Emperor. 

Here are large com magazines; and the Fried- 
rich Garten, in the suburb. Within a few miles is 
Zorndorf, where Frederick the Great defeated the 
Russians, August 26th, 1758, with immense loss on 
both sides. A monument marks the spot. 

Landsberg (Stat.), on the Warthe. 

Population, 28,C81. 

/n»M.— Krone; Pa scdag's Hotel. 

A well-built town, under a hill, with lar^e 
brandy distilleries, machinery and cloth-weavinjg 
worl(s, and a considerable trade in wool, spirits, 
com, and timber. 

SclineidemiUll (Stat.), 14,000 inhabitants. 
Inn. — Goldoner Lowe. 



The direct line Tuu«..iKa 'Cs;q&}^<Cs«ssv<i:^\<:scl^'^&^ 

liinde 186 I English miles. \ C<»tT«lT?om«twiVMw\\\ife^A^'^VEW^^ 

The d/not line from Berlin to CUstrin, which \ H«e wt «2wi \vctowOb. \«v«*. Vt«a^^«M»*. 



w^i nxxtSBASstr 



PSkl U 




i4d mat. iT die 

oTPeiftiiL 



ir.aML 



>a> [|ii—lMiL,.grwen-a«e3.tg3yW: 

•w ^iMoiA. "iimini jikMir I2SSL ^ 
Tlaifc. Gnmi liwiiii i^ riae TSasmmie 



xn. 



^'inceaa .kmiAoflf 



faerrrer 

3> i&auiL9«Mrs3L WHCaHBai^ to 

ti»fr VIsmim to 

PoGPTiiAZXink acSHL 

rebiiatIBea>rtl»P™«». Dr^i^ A H«o«t r«l «^ ,« fr^ 
I ikA Mai OKw town: ami ]ats- x «»fdu£ TTtom ine. 

mmMm tables.. Foectjuno*; ik2lltt. 
i» '3Kncd in dMtCaKiMiriaL 




JOBfi. ■■* «-! nw*«l ii 



B^e 





Stilts: 

2M0 Abs Cj^ a, X Hmo* itm MW^ ttadi X\«Q^|^ ^vi^is^ x^ 



1^ ;>.ith«rfttr 



Route 13.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — ^THORN, ELBING. 



55 



Knights, the founders of the Prussian monarchy, 
whose Castle, called Danziger, now a prison, 
has two Towers on arches, built 1228. It adjoins 
the Cathedral, wliich has a tower, built 1384, 
with a steeple 170 feet high, and contains tombs 
of Grand Masters and the chapel of the Groben 
family. The Friedrichsbad water cure is at 
Bandtken, 7 miles off. 
Hence through Stnhm to Maricnburg (below).] 

IMndiaU (Stat.), on the Vistula. 

Here the short branch of 22 miles turns off to 
Dantzic. Railway Viaduct on the river. (See 
Route 12.) The direct line from Schneidemiihl, 
tfid Konitz, also Joins here. 

Marlenburg (Stat), in West Prussia. 

Population, 9,560. 

Ifotela. — KSnig von Preussen ; Hochmeister. 

An old fortified town, built 1276, by the Teutonic 
Knights, who wore seated here till it was taken 
by the Poles, 1467. It stands on the Nogat, and 
contains several ancient-looking streets, the houses 
in some being fronted by porticoes. 

The Cattle, built 1309-1406, by the Knights, the 
finest mediaeval non-ecclesiastical edifice in 
Germany, is the principal object of notice, and has 
lofty towers and battlements, all of brick, in the 
Gothic style. The finest part was carefully re- 
stored 1818, by Frederick WilliamIV.,and adorned 
with stained windows, Ac. It consists of a Hoch- 
schloss, including the Chapel, a Mittelschloss or 
Palace, and a Vorbnrg, or suburb, crossed by the 
rail. Time required for a visit from the station 
and back, 1} hour. 

The Hochmeister's Remter, or Chapter-house, 
which had been used as a granary before the 
restoration took place, is a handsome room, 40 
feet long by 38 feet, resting on a single pillar. In 
1410, when the town was besieged by the Poles, 
this room was especially aimed at by them, in 
hopes of overturning it on the Grandmaster and 
his Knights, who were known to be sitting in 
eonclave. A cannon ball is pointed out in a 
chimney. 

The Ordenskirche (Church of the Order), in the 
Castle, contains the graves of seventeen Grand- 
masters^ and Is richly decorated. There Is an 
JaJsId gtatne of the Holy Virgin of great 



beauty ; with vast cellars and dungeons. A fine 
Town Hall was built by the Knights of the Order. 

From here a lino runs vid Rlesonbtirg to 
Deutsdl Eylau (41 miles) on the line from Thorn 
to Insterburg (as above), near Gescrich Lake; 
thence to HontOWO, Soldau, and IllOWO, on 
the Russian frontier. Warsaw is 70 miles 
further. 

BLBINO (Stat.), in Western Prussia; called 
Elbiag and Elblag, in Polish. 

Population, 41,678. 

Hotels.— Koniglicher Hof ; de Berlin. 

Stealers.— To Pillau, KSnigsberg, and Dantsic. 
See Brcuhhaw"* Continental Guide. 

An old Hansc port and fortified town, founded 
by the Teutonic Knights, 1229, and surrounded 
with ramparts. It stands in a fertile part of the 
river Elbing, five miles from the Frische HafF. a 
haven of the Gulf of Danzic. Here arc ship-yards, 
iron-foundries, and engine-factories ; with several 
churches, a synagogue, Ac; besides a House of 
Industry, founded by Cowle, an Englishman. 

The Marienkirche contains some sculptures. 

At the High School, or Gjrmnasiura, is a goo<l 
library. There is also a collection of Elbing an- 
tiquities to bo seen. The Kraffuhl Canal unites 
the Elbing with the Nogat. The shipping business 
is good ; small vessels come up to the lown : tho 
larger stop at Pillau. Sea-bathing is obtained at 
Kahlbcrg. At Reimausfelde is a Water Cure. 

Brannsberg (Stat.), in Eastern Prussia. 

Population, 11,600. 
Inn. — Rheinische Hof. 

A walled town on the Passarge, 6 miles from 
the HafT, and the residence of the Bishops of Erme- 
land. The old Castle is used for public offices. 

Manufactures of woollens and yarns are carried 
on. About 6 miles south-east is 

Frauenburg. (Diligence thrice daily). 

Inn. — Zum Copernicus. 

A small fishing town, on the Frisches Haflf, with 
1,800 inhabitants, the realdftwi.^ «a.^ vH^'t ^^cJ>?>RSsr«^ 



56 



attAIM»IAW*« tLLVSTSULtMti 



[€ec 1. 



inry, situated on ah «min«nce. It idso o<mtain> 
tinB tomb of tfae«stroiM)Ui«r, Cb^^emkms^ the «&thor 
of the Copernioan System, who died a eanon here, 
1548. His Observatory is close by, and a model 
of the Wasserkunst or waterworks constructed by 
Jiim is still preserved. It was an aqueduct, of 
which a tower remains. 

The rail is carried near the Frisches HaflE^ which, 
on its outer side, adjoining the Gulf of Danzig, 
is bounded by a long tongue of land called Frische 
Nehrung. It passes 

HeUigenbeUCStat.) 

POPUIJLTION, 3,000. 

WoUttallc (Stat.), 

Ludwlgsort (Stat.), and others, to 
kONIGSBERO (Stat.) the FoUsh Krowlewlecz, 
in East Fmssia. 
POPUJ-ATIOH, 161,628. 

Hotels.— De Prnsse; KSniglicher Hof; 
Deutsches Haus. 

Droschkibs.— One person, 60 pf. the course; 
two persons, 70 pf . ; three persona, 60 pf. ; four, 
1 mark. 
REsiDEirr English Consul. — 
Railway.— To Tilsit, Wilna, St. Petersburg, 
Dantzic, Warsaw, Berlin, Ac. 
Post Office, Prinzessin-strasse. 
Stbavebs. — See Brcubhaw's ContinentcU Guide. 
The second capital of Prussia, an important 
fortress, and seat of provincial government; 
founded, 1254, by Ottokar, King of Bohemia, on 
the Mons Regius^ at the conquest of Samland, and 
afterwards enlarged by the Teutonic Knights, who 
were seated here, 1457-1528. From Ottokar it 
received its name of Konigsberg, or King's Hill. 
Here the Great Elector agreed by treaty with 
Charles Gustavus of Sweden, 1656, to take the 
duchy of Prussia, and the Elector, Frederick III., 
was crowned first King of Prussia, 1701, by the 
name of Frederick I.; and to this cradle of his 
ancestors Frederick William III. retired after the 
battle of Jena, 1809. 

It stands in a flat spot, jon the Pregel, about four 

miles irom the sea, at the Frisches Haff, and is 

mostly on the north bank of the river, which is 

crossed by seven Bridges, five of which connect 

^0 Jbaaks of tb« atzeam .with the Kneiphoi—Mfi 

^''^^j'aja i^ middJp, n^ur^p jtmctioD Df the j^w 



MDAo]dFr»gibl. The Cuthttdiial, madManat of the 
best and oldest iiooMs aw torclfi rat faailt on 
piles. Others aae fbuod -nrand the fioyal'Falaee, 
in the districts of Freiheiten, IiSbtoicht, And the 
Altstadt. Behind the Palace are two pleees of 
water, called Scjilosa Teioh and Ober Teioh. One 
of the best streets is KSnlgsstrasee, mnning 
through the eastern suburbs. The town is 
strengthened by forts and redoubts. 

The Cathedral, in KneiphoT, is a Gothic pile, 
begun 1332, about 275 feet long and 90 fe^t wide, 
with a tower 172 feet high. It hafr three aisles, 
56 feet high, and contains some monoments of 
Grand Masters and Dukes of Prussia, behind a 
screen, among which is Albert I. (1568),|ind his 
family. Here Kant, the metaphysician Is buried 
(1804). The large organ contains 5,000 pipes. 
There are some paintings by L. Cranach. 

The Old University (or Collegium Albertinum), 
founded 1544, by Duke Albert, the Library of 
which, No. 65, Konigs-strasse, contains 220,000 vols, 
and many curious MSS., including some of Luther's 
letters to his wife, Catherine Brora, and the 
original Safe Conduct for attending the Diet of 
Worms. Ccmnected with this institution are — a 
Zoological Museum, Stemwartstrasse; a Botanical 
Garden, containing 6,000 specimens, 2, Buttenbeig ; 
and an Observatory, over which Bessel, presided 
till 1846. He and Kttnt were professors here — there 
being about fifty of these to 350 students. The Ifeto 
VhiversUy, by Stiller, 1862, is in Parade Platz. In 
the Senate Hall Is Schadow's bust of Kant. 

The Palace, or Schiou (Castle), originally built 
by Ottokar, but rebuilt 1525-57, was fw a time 
the seat of the Teutonic Grand Masters. -It has a 
tower 330 feet high. Over the church is the 
famous Jfoscoteitertaal, 274 feet long by 59 feet 
broad, without pillars. In this Church Frederick I. 
and Wilhelm I. crowned themselves. Statue of 
Frederick I. at the entrance. On the walls are 
tablets to men of the province who fell in the War 
of Liberation. 

The Stadt Jfuseum, in KSnigsstj^asse, contains 
about 300 good paintings, by mod^m German 
masters, and many curiosities; open daily. 

There is also an Exchange (BSrao), with a 
magnifioent restaurant. The new R^ier^ags- 
G£^a,deJ^188&) \ft Vcitl^^l^V^i^itj^^ 



Route 14.1 



HAND-BOOK TO GEKMANf. — KONIQSBBRO, TILSIT. 



57 



The neatre is a handsome building, on the 
. IHurade Flatz. 

In front of it is Kiss's bronze equestrian 
.•statue of Frederick WUIiam III. (1851) with bas- 
reliefs, of the events of the War of Liberation— 
especially the creation of the famous Landwchr, 
by which Prussia has risen to her present greatness. 

Among the collections are the Wallenrode 
liibrary; the Leng Collection of Natural History ; 
and the Ckdlection of Paintings belonging to the 

• Knnst Akademie. Public Gardens surround the 
Schloss Teich. A favourite resort is the ffafen, a 
handsome promenade with pleasure gardens, &c. 

' Traittway froA the Schloss. Granaries (Speioher) 
and w|u«b6iiM8line the banks of the river. 

By rail or steamboat to PUlau (Stat.), at the 
port of KSniigsberg for large vessels. Here sturgeon 
catching, oaviare dressing, and a trade in amber are 
carried on. The ami>er in this part of Samland 
is cast up by the sea after storms, and was 
formerly a royal monopoly: but is now fanned 
out by the Crown. I^ 1811, Mr. DougUs had the 
right of collecting it for 10,000 thalers a year. The 
supply is pretty much the same every year. It is 

. chiefly used for mouth-pieces to pipes. 

Among the bathhig-places on the Baltic shore, 
adjoining this, is Kranz, a place much resorted tc ; 
also Neuiuren, noted for its romantic situation 
and the beauty of the surrounding country. 

KiSnigsberg is the birth-place of Ilippel, Scheff- 
ner, Z. Werner, Herder, and Kant—\hQ great 

. transcendental writer, called Dcr Zermalmende, 
or the Smasher, for his unceremonious criticisms. 
His most celebrated work is the " Kritik (or 
Investigation) of Pure Reason." He was the 
grandson of a Scotsman named Cant, who settled 
here. Some of his German sentences are two 
pages long. He died at a good age in his native 

. town, which he scarcely ever left. Opposite his 
house in Frinzessinstrasse stands a $tatue of him, 
by Ranch. Johann MUller, the astronomer, sur- 
named Begiomontanus, is also claimed as a native 
by tlie inhabitants. 
A Pillar at Radan marks the site of a battle field. 
Oaltgarben, the highest hill in Samland, 14 miles 
from Konigsberg, has an Iron Cross to the memory 
of those who fell in the War of Freedom, 1813-6. 
MFlM (orPruMtUm Eylmn), H^UbOTg on the 



Alle, and Frledland, the scene of Kapoleon's 
terrible battles with the Russians, 1807, are 15 to 
24 miles distant. Eylau is a station on the braneh 

to Konchen and Lyck (Stat.), for Frcwtben- 
Saltzwedell and Grajewo. 

The line from Konigsberg to Memel passes 
Insteilnirg (population, 22,287). 

Tilsit (Stat.), population 24,550, on the rivers 
Tilse and Memel, is celebrated for the Treaty of 
July 9th, 1807, and thence 55 miles to Memel 
(population, 19,610), the most northerly town and 
port of Prussia. A direct line from KSnlgsberg to 
Tilsit was opened in 1889. 

EydtkiilineiL (Stat.), on the Russian frontier, 
24 hours from St. Petersburg. Junction for 
Wirballen or WlrzbolOf. See BracUhaufi Con- 
Hnental Guide. 



Berlin to Frankfbit-on-the-Oder, Ologav, 
Qdrlitz, and Breslan. 

(Niederschlesisch-MarkischeEisenbahn.) 
By the old line the stations are as follow: — 

English 



English 
miles. 
Berlin to 

KBpenick 8 

Erkner 16 

FUrstenwalde 29 

Frankfort - on - the 

Oder 50 

Fiirstenberg 65 

Neuzelle 68 

Guben SOJ 

[Branches to Posen 
and Cottbus.] 

Sommcrfeld 96| 

Sorau 114 

Hansdorf June 119 

[Branch to 

i^agan 7 

Glogau 44i] 

Halbau 113^ 



miles. 

Kohlfnrt Junction. J.39 

{Branches to Q3r- 

litz for Dresden; 

also toAltwasser, 

80 miles.] 

Siegersdorf 147 

Bnnzlau 155 

Hainan 171i 

Licgnitz 188 

[Branches to Sch- 
wcidnitz and 
Glogau.] 

, Spittelndorf 191| 

Maltsch 197 

Ncumarkt 202 

I Nimkau 208 

. Lissa M.215 

Brcslau 221i 






A new section from Sommcrfeld, via Sagan, 
Arnsdorf, and Licgnitz, makes the direct line to 
Brcsl.au about 20 miles shorter. From Frankfort, 
vid Reppen and Glogau, it is 16 miles shorter still, 
but the quick trains go by Sagan. 

Kdpenick (Stat.) The trial of Frederick t|ie 
Great was held at the chftteau. 



58 



BRAD8HAW*S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 1. 



and MTdral monuments. In the vicinity are 
quarries of granite, of which the colossal basin 
in front of the Museum at Berlin was made. 

FRANKFORT (Stat.), or Frankfort-on- 

thd-Oder, in Prussian Brandenburg. 

Population, 55,724. 

Hotels.— Deutsches Haus; Goldner Adier; 
Kaiser von Russland. 

Railway.- To Berlin, Breslau, Fosen, KSulgs- 
berg, Ac. 

This town, once a fortress, is built on the Oder, 
and consists of an old town on the west side, joined 
to the new town on the other side by a wooden 
bridge, laden with stones to resist the force of the 
stream. It is regularly built, with broad handsome 
streets, and is surrounded by gardens and vine- 
yards. 

The town owes its prosperity chiefly to its being 

on the road to Silesia, and to its river which is 
connected by canals with the Vistula and Elbe. 
Three annual fairs (first established 1253) are held, 
and it has a carrying trade on the Oder. 

The Toum Hall was built 1607. Near this is 

The Marien or Obcrklrche (High Church), a 
commodious brick building of the 14th century, 
having a high altar, of beautiful carved wood- 
work, also a seven-branched candlestick 12 feet 
high, of the 14th century, and good stained win- 
dows. Among the paintings is Rhode's " Death of 
Duke Leopold of Brunswick," who was drowned 
in the inundation of 27th April, 1785, endeavouring 
to save a family from the floods. His statue is at 
the east end of the bridge. He is also commemo- 
rated in a School for Soldiers' Children. 

In the park is the Freemasons' pyramid memo- 
rial (1776) to the poet Ewald Von Kleist, who died 
of the wounds received at the battle of Kunertdor/^ 
1769, when Frederick the Great was defeated by 
the Russians and Austrians near this town. 
A direct line to Breslau was opened 1874, groing, 
by way of Reppen and RothonbUTg, to Glogau. 
At Rothenburg are old houses and walls and St. 
James's large church. The quick Berlin Breslau 
trains do not take this route. A line is open to 
CottbUB, page 65, (population, 84,909), 45 miles; 
thence to RuMand. 

The o}d}}ne ascends the Oder to 
-FOivtenbergr (Stat), a small place on the 
^^er. In the Circle of Ouben, Eight miles from 



here the great MulIrUser Canal, Joining the Oder 
with the Spree, and navigable for vessels of 750 
tons, runs off 

KeiUdUe (Stat.) Here is an old convent, now 
turned into an Orphan School. 

GUBEN (Stat.) 

POPULATIOK, 39,420. 

HoTBL.— Liehrs. 

A pleasantly-seated town, under the Niesse Hills 
(which are planted with vineyards), at the Junction 
of the river Lubst with the Niesse. Here are cloth 
and stocking factories and spinning mills. 

Rail to Cottbus, Leipsic, and Halle. 

The line crosses the Niesse, and passes some 
imimportant stations to SommeTf eld, population 
11,100, occupied in cloth weaving. 

The shorter line to Breslau, alluded to on page 
57, and not used by express trains, turns off here 
to Arnsdorf. The express trains run from 
Sommerfeld, vi& Gassen, Sorau, Kohlfurt, Siigers- 
dorf, and Haynau, to Arnsdorf and Liegnitz. 

Sorau (Stat.), near a Royal Castle. About 
20 miles from here, by road, is 

MUBkau (Stat.), with a handsome castle, and 
the English park of the late Prince Fiickler 
Muskau, the well-known traveller, now occupied 
by Prince Frederick of the Netherlands. It Is open 
to the public and contains two sulphur springs, 
over which a bath has been built. Muskau is now 
accessible by a branch rail from WdiBBWaBBer 
(Stat.), on the line from Cottbus to G^rlitz. 

Rail fsom Sorau to Cottbus (86 miles), and to 
Sagan (see below). 

HanBdorf (Stat.), a branch railway leads past 
Sagan to Glogau, Lissa, and Posen. 

[Saeran (Stat.), in Lower Silesia. 

POPDLATIOlf, 18,000. 

Inn. — Ritter St. Georg. 

This is a strong fortress on the Bober, and the 
head of a principality, which the Emperor Frede- 
rick II. gave to Wallenstein. It has three gates, 
two squares and a fine Castle, now belonging to 
the Prince of Hohenzollem-Hechingen. This was 
begun under Wallenstein, 1627-84. About 1786 a 
new wing was added by Biron, Duke of Courland, 
who acquired it by purchase. It contains a 
library and coYLecWotv ol ax\.V%\.V<»A. ^iVsV^tits. There 
is a private tYieatT*, ftxv^ otmv^e^'v> ««^^'«»«»*^«^'«^ 



HAKD-BOOK YO GfiRMANr.^OUBBN, BBESLAU. 



51» 



Route 14.] 

of the Duke de Blron. At the Jesuits' College, i men, gained a victory over 90,000 Anstrians, under 



and in the sessions room of the Law Courts, are 
two noted original portraits of Wallcnstein. 

Paper, sealing-wax, and mirrors are made here. 

Near one of the g^tes is a tower, which was 
Kepler's observatory in the time of Wallenstein, 
who was a believer in astrology. 

In the neighbourhood are two picturesque rocky 
height»— the Teufclstcin and Herrgottstein. 

COogan (Stat.), in SUesia. 

POPVLATIOV, 30,486. 

HoM. — ^Dentsches Haus. 

A well-built, strongly-fortified town, on the left 
bank of the Oder. The Citadel and Cathedral are 
on a fortified island near the right bank, called the 
Dominsel, and Joined to the town by a wooden 
bridge. 

The Cathedral was begun 1120 in the Gothic 
style, and has an altar-piece by Cranach. There 
are also Gymnasiums, or High Schools, artillery- 
barracks, sugar refineries, &c. 

Andreas Grj'phius, the poet, was bom here. 
Among the places of amusemcut are — ^Fricdcns- 
thal, Goldammer, Lindenruh, Rauschwitz. and 
Dalkan, with its pretty garden on a hill. 

LtSSa {PdUh Leszna) a manufacturing town of 
12,000 souls, not to be confounded with the Lissa 
named below. Posen, sec page 62.] 

From Haasdorf (Stat.), as above, the line runs 

to XdblAirt (Stat.), and thence to Slegersdorf 

(Stat.), where a stately viaduct crosses the Bober. 
Here the Riesengcbirgc hills on the Moravian 
border show themselves. 

Kolllfart {Buffet). Here there arc linos to 
GOrlitz (17 miles), and to Rosslau; the latter line 
joining the Leipzig-Mrgdeburg rail. 



Prince Charles of Lorraine, after a fight of three 
hours. A column marks the spot, erected 1854. 
The story of Frederick's surprising the Austrian 
ofiicers after the battle, by quietly walking in 
and enquiring if there was any room for him, it 
well told by Carlyle. 

BRESLAU (Stat), in Central Silesia. 

Population, 335,174; of whom over one-third are 
Catholics, 25,000 Jews, 8,000 Military. 

Hotels. — Goldene Gans; Goldener Lowe; du 
Nord. 

Droschkies: 1 to 4 persons, 50, 60, 80, 100 pf., 
respectively. 

Railways.— To Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Berlin, 
Dresden, Waldonberg, Stettin, Cracow, Prague, 
Vienna, <fcc. There are four stations. 

This large and important city is the capital of 
Silesia, a province which was originally a Polish 
duchy, afterwards came to Austria, and was ac- 
quired by Prussia, at the treaty of June, 1742. 

It sustained a siege in the Seven Years' War, 
when it was successfully defended by Tauentzien; 
and another, 1806-7, when the French took it and 
razed the walls, whose site is occupied by pretty 
gardens and walks. It stands at the confluence of 
the Oder and Ohlau, on a wide plain, about 450 
feet above sea level, and in sight of the Trebnitz 
and ■ Nobten hills ; and contains five squares, 
twenty Catholic and ten Lutheran churches, seven 
synagogues, twenty-five short bridges over the 
moats; and is divided into the Old and New Town, 
with five suburbs (VorstUdte). 

The Old Town, standing chiefly on the islands 
or arms of the Oder, was rebuilt after the fire of 
1342 by the Emperor Charles IV., on a regular 
plan, with a large market-place at the centre. 



The line now passes BimzlaU (Stat.), on the i from which several streets of good houses diverge; 



Bober; Haynaa (Stat.), on the Deichsal; and 
LtognitS (Stat.), on the Katzbach, for which sec 
Route 85. Then 

MaltBCh (Stat.) From hero it is 26 miles to 
Breslau. 

Henmarkt (Stat.) Paper is made here. 

Population, 4,400. 

Llisa (Stat.) Near this the decisive Battle 
of Lenthen was fought on the 6th December, 
2767, in which Frederick the Great, with 33,000 



one of the best is the Schweidnitzer-strasse. 

The New Town is mostly of the present century. 
The King's Bridge, of Iron, was built 1822. 

The Grossc Ring, or Market Place, and BlUcher 
Platz, are near together. One of the best points of 
view is the LicbichshShe, on the Taschen Bastion, 
where a monument commemorates the royal visit 
in the Exhibition y<&ftx ol \%^^. 

ChoilCIITO.— 1\x<i Cottvolxc Cal\«AvoX <»1 ^V-^«*» 
thi Baptist, OTV Wvfe ^\^V\ N^-^^ ^»^ ^'^ ^^^- 



60 



BEADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATBJJ 



[Seel. 



u veiy old red brick chorob, built 1148-70, and 
afterwards enlarged by the addition of seventeen 
chapels, dedicated to its bishops, in -which are 
several gt>od monuments and paintings, by L. 
Cranach, Willraann, Brandel, and Schmidt. Will- 
' mann is a Silesian artist. 

The most remarkable chapels are the Elector" $ 
CTiapel, with Brackhof s fine statues of Moses and 
Aaron; Lady Chapel (1376), with monument of 
Bishop Progella; Duke Christian'' s Chapel (1691); 
and the Chapel of St. John, with Cranach's 
"Madonna among the Pines." A fine bronze 
monument to Bishop Johann von Rother, by 
Vischer (1606). 
The Episcopal Palace is close to the chapel. 
The Kreuzkirche was built by Henry IV., Duke 
of Breslau, who was buried here, 1290. It is cross- 
shaped, and has a similar crypt beneath it called 
St. Bartholomaus ; also two towers, and a good 
spire. Before it is the statue of Nepomuk, or John 
of Breslau, by P. Vischer (1496). The Diepen- 
brock window is a memorial to a late Bishop 
(1857). 

The Sandiirche, on the Sond-insel, was built in 
1330, the aisles being higher than the nave. It 
contains much marble and gilding, with some 
good paintings, byWillmann and others, including 
one of our Lady of Czentochou, a great place for 
pilgrims. 

The Jesuitenkirche (Jesuit Church), a handsome 
building, with an altar painting by Krausc, and 
frescoes by Rothmaier. 

The Vineenzkirche (St. Vincent de Paul), in 
Ritterplatz, is a handsome Gothic church, with a 
good monument of Duke Henry II., the founder ; 
and paintings by Willmann, &c. It is faced by a 
statue of the Virgin. 

At the Mathiaskiixhe are paintings by Krause, 
and a statue to St. John Nepomuk. 

At the Dominican Church of St. Adalbert is a ! 
fine monument of St. Czeslaus. 

The Dorotheenkirche {^i. Dorothea), remarkable 

for its height, was founded 1350, by the Emperor 

Charles IV. 

Of the Evan^relical, or Protestant churches, the 

.^%«i*!«^A>«*f was baUt 1257. Its clock tower, 

"^^0^ 14SS, /s SSfffeet high. Here the first Pro- 



testant sermon was preached, 1625. It contains /i 
chancel of black ooarble, a monoment of Rhediger, 
and paintings by Cranaoh. 

The Magdaleit&nkirehA, with two handsome 
towers, one of which was burnt, 1887, is of the 
18th century, the south portal 12th century, and has 
a fine painted window presented by Frederidc 
William IV. 

A church dedicated to the Eleven Thousand 
Virgins (Elftausend-jnngfrauen kirche), it re- 
markable for some old stone carvings. 

Town Hall, Ukivemitt, Ac— The Town Ht^l 
(Rathhaus) is a large handsome restored building 
of the fourteenth century, in the Gothic style, 
standing in the Grosse Ring; with a historical 
column, the StaupsSulc, in front of it. 

In the first storey is the Fiirstensaal, or Prince's 
Hall, where the Diets were held, the arch of which 
is supported by a pillar in the centre. In the 
Justice Room are some good paintings by Will- 
mann. 

Under the Town Hall is the Schweidnitzer 
Cellar, originally a lofty hall, long ago turned 
into a beer-house. 

Here stand an equestrian Statue (1842) of 
Frederick the Great, and another of Frederick 
William III.; both by Kiss. 

Near the Town Hall is the Stadthaus, under- 
neath which is a great " Bierlokal." On the first 
storey Is the Town Library, with over 200,000 
vols, and 2,500 MSS.; open, 10 to 2, daily. 

In the Bliicher Platz is Ranch's bronze Statue 
of Bliich€t\ 10 feet high, on a granite base ; erected 
1827, in honour of that general and his army, to 
commemorate his victory on the Katzbach, and 
inscribed — " With God's help, for King and 
Country." 

A Stattte of another military hero. General 
Tauentzien, the defender of Breslau in 1760, 
stands in the Tauentzien Platz. 

The University was originally founded at Frank- 
fort-on-the-Oder, 1702, by the Emperor Leopold 
II., and was transferred in 1811 to its present seat, 
in a building which was once a palace, and from 
1738 a Jesuits' College. 

Here is a ricUy docoTated. room called the Aula 
LeopoldlncL C^tQpw\a\ C\iMsfti«t^, -^X^ Vt:«v^««k 



\ 



Boate 15.] 

Ef C. HsQke, and statneB of three emperors. The 
eiUblishment comprises a clinical hospitnl, an 
obserratory, largre anatomical musenm, valuable 
SMdogical collection, collection of minerals, &c., 
open 11 to 1, and a botanical garden behind the 
cathedraL About 1,500 students attend here. 

The Royal and University Library, in the old 
Abbey of St. Mary, in Sandinsel, contains above 
(80,000 Yolnmes, and 8,000 MSS. Here also is the 
Archieological Museum, open daily, 11 to 1. 

The SUeHan Art-Museum is not far from the 
Sehweldnitser Stadtgraben. It has a dome and a 
GraA portal, embellished with statues, and con- 
taina ft fine oollection of engravings and art- 
industrial obilects, a library, a number of pictures, 
and a collection of Silesian antiquities of con- 
siderable interest The Muscom is open daily, 
10 to I, except on Mondays. The Antiquities 
(entx«nce from Museum-strasse) are open 11 to 1 ; 
Wedneaday, Saturday, and Sunday, 50pf.; other 
days, 1 mark. 

The Synagogue, close by, is a good building. 

In the BlUcher Piatz stands the Old Exdmuje, 
by Langtiana, in which is a very handsome room, 
nsed for the Arts and Trades exhibitions. The 
weighing house is an old tower, built 1571 . 

The New Theatre is at the end of Schwcidnitzer- 
straaae, near the jSoyo/ Government I/ouse^ formerly 
the palace of the Trince of Hatzfeld, built by 
Frederick the (Jreat, after the Seven Years' war. 

Here also are the Prorincial States House 
(St&ndehaus), near which is the New Exchange, 
the JBoyoI Paiaee (or Schloss), and the Aratsgcricht, 
or Law Court. 

Breslau is the native place of Wolf, the mathe- 
matician, and Grave. Here are many sugar, linen, 
silk, woollen, and cotton factories; liqueur and 
ground glass works; cannon and engine foundries 
for the Royal Navy ; mining office, &c., and manu- 
factories of gloves, plate, and jewellery, &c. 

Its annual trade is between five and six millions 
sterling. Its June and October tcool fairs are the 
largest in Prussia. A good shipping business is ' 
done with Hamburg, via the Oder and Stettin. > 

Among the plucee of amueemeut are the Zoo- ' 
Jo^cmJ Omrden (ateuner from the Sandbrttcke), I 



AAXD-BOOK TO GERMANY. — BB£SLAU. 



61 



with a restaurant and other attractions ; the Zelt- 
garten; Liebicb's Htihe; theSchicsswerder-gartcn; 
besides Scheitnig with its fine Park; and the 
Simmcnauer-garton. 

At Oswitz is a pretty chapel by Lnnghaus, and 
the miraculous image of the Virgin, a favourite 
place of pilgrimage, commanding a fine view of 
Breslau. At Kriblowitz, BlUchcr is buried. 
Siliyllenort has a castle and collection of nrt ; and 
Llssa, a fine park and castle, c«>h>bratc(I for tlie un- 
expected visit which Frederick the (ircat paid to 
the Austrian officers there, after the IJattlc of 
Leuthen. (Sec page 59.) 

A line from Breslau to Ools, Kempen, and 
Wilhelmsbrllck (opened 1872), is part of a i»ro- 
jected line to Warsaw. Another lino to StreUen, 

Mlinsterberg, and Camenz runs to Giutz and 

Mittclwalde on the Austrian frontier. See Route 
37. A line from Oela, 96 miles long, opened 1876, 
posses JarotSChln to Guesen, towards Thorn. 



From Breslau to Waldenburg 
Frankenstein. 

Stations as under (see Route 38): — 

English 
miles. 
Breslau to 

Canth 13 

Mettkau 19 

Konigszelt Juno. ... 30 
[Branch to 
Schweidnitz ... 36 



and 



English 
miles. 
Reiehenlmch ... 4K 

Gnadeufrcl 5(; 

Frankenstein... 62] 
Freiburg 35 



Altwasser 43 



4 



Waldenburg 46 



ROITTE IB- 
Berlin to Fosen 

(Oberschlesische Eisenbahn, or Upper 
Silesian KaU). 

By rail to Frankfort-on-the-Oder, as in Route 
14. Thence the stations are as under, the dis- 
tances being reckoned from Franltfort: — 



English 
miles. 

Rlnnkensee fif 

Reppen 13i 

[Branch to Bres- 
lau.] 

Bottschow 19 

Sternberg 24 

N eu KunetftdoTl ^c^ 

Topper ?A 

WulBchdotl ^ 



English 
miles. 

Schwiebus 46} 

Stentsch 63} 

Bentschcn 6l| 

Friedenhorst 70 

Opalcnitza 84 

[Branch to Gractz, 



62 



BKADHUAW 8 ILLUttTBAT£D UAKl)-BOOK TO OBKMANY. 



[Scc.l. 



Xonc of the stations are of much interest ; near 
Blankensee, at Knnersdorf, Frederick the Great 
was defeated in 1759, by the Russian and Austrian 
armies. 

POSEN (Stat.), or Poznan in Polish ; the capital 
of the Province. 
PoPULATiOK, 69,681, including 17,000 Jews. 

Hotels.— Dc Rom ; De Drosdc ; de Vienne. 

Droschkies from the station to the town, one 
person, 70 pf.; two persons, 1 m. A hired ser- 
vant or "factor" may be employed in making 
purchases. • 

A strongly fortified town on the Russian frontier, 
with a garrison of over 7,000 men, in a sandy part 
of the Warthe, where the Cibyna joins it. It is well 
built, and has four gates; and is overlooked by 
the Castle, or citadel, on a hili. It dates from the 
tenth century, and was a Hanse Town, and the 
seat of the Dukes of Poland. The province was 
acquired by the Prussians at the second partition 
of 1793. Napoleon I. annexed it to the Grand 
Duchy of Warsaw. In 1815 it came definitively 
into the possession of Prussia. 

The Cathedral in the Wallischei suburb (in 
Polish Chwaliszeico) is a plain, modem Gothic, 
rebuilt 1775, containing some monuments of pre- 
lates and others ; and the Golden Chapel ^ a richly 
adorned building in the Byzantine style, erected 
1842, by the Polish nobles, to the memory of the 
two earliest Christian Kings of Poland, whose 



bronze statues, by Ranch, are here. The** Arch- 
bishop's Palace adjoins the church. 

St. Stanislaus is a fine Italian pile, 180 feet by 
102 feet, built by the Jesuits, 1651. Their College 
is the Government House. 

St. Mary's, the oldest church in the town. 

The Rathhaus is a Gothic building of the sixteenth 
century, with pinnacles and a modern tower, from 
which there is a fine prospect. 

In Wilhelms-platz is the former palace of Count 
Baczynski, a handsome building, with a portico 
of 24 columns; presented by its owner to the city, 
with a library of 30,000 volumes. The Chamber 
of Commerce is located in the same building. 

There are also four Theatres ; with a Museum of 
Natural History. 

A wool Fair is held here in June, and it has a 
trade in corn, cloth, linen, leather, and tobacco. 

Places of Akusement.— Zoological Gardens : 
Bartholdshof ; the Schilling; the Luisenhain; and 
the Feldschloss. 

From Fosen, the lines to Hiomand Bromberg 

(see Route 13) pass Pudewltz, Ouesen (near the 
Warta), and MogUno, to the division at InOW- 

raclaw (on the Netze), Gniewkowo, for Thorn, 

87 English miles. From InOWraclaW to Brom- 
l>erg is 28 English miles, or 95 from Posen. The 
country is uninteresting. Another line of 121 
miles, opened 1875, follows the border, to Jarot- 

soliln, Ofltrowo, Kempen, and Greiul>erg. 



SECTION II.— CENTRAL GERMANY. 



RHENISH PRUSSIA - HESSE-DARMSTADT - LIPPE -WALDEOK - 

SCHWABZEURG-REnSS-ANHALT-SAXE-WEIMAR— 

SAXEOOBURG-SAXE-ALTENBURO-SAXE- 

MEININGEN— SAXONY— and SILESIA. 



ROTJTE le. 

Berlin to Frankfort-on-the-Main, yl& Wit- 
tenberg, Lelpslc, Halle, Weimar, Gotha, 
Oass^ and Glessen. 

By Bail, to Halle (Bcrlin-Anhaltische Eison- 
bahn). 



English 
Berlin to miles. 

Gross-Beeren 11| 

Lndwigsfelde 16 

Trebbin 21 

Lnckenwalde 30 

Jiiterbog 36^ 

[Brtutch to Dres- 
den, Chemnitz.] 

BlOnsdorf 46^ 

Zahna 52 

Wittenberg 59j 

For Berlin, see Route 1. 



English 
miles. 
[Bratich to Dessau, Ac.] 

Bcrgwitz 

GrUfcnhainchen ... 

Bitterfeld 81^ 

[Branch to 
Delitzsch ... 88i 

Lcipsic lOlf] 

Brehna 87 

Landsberg 91 

Halle 102 

Thence to 



JtiterbOg (Stat.) Population, 7,000. 

This is a very old town, built originally by the 
Wends, 2 miles from Dennewitz, where a monu- 
ment, on the Nieder Gorsdorf, commemorates 
Billow's victory over the French, under Ney and 
Oudinot, 6th September, 1813. In the Nikolai- 
Kirche is Tetzel's Indulgence-box. Diligence to 
Treuenbrietzon. 

A line branches o£F from here to Dresden. 

WITTENBEBQ (Stat.), in Prussian Saxony. 

Population, 14,000. 

IsNS.— GoldeneWeln-Traube; Adler. Refresh- 
ment Room at the station. 

Railway.- To CSthcn, Halle, Berlin, Lelpslc, Ac. 

An old, decayed place on the Elbe, in the 
Prussian part of Saxony. A wooden bridge, 1,000 
feet long, crosses the river. It was once a 
place of great strength, but suffered greatly in the 
siege of 1760, when it surrendered to the Prnssians; 
and again in 1814, when the Prussians, under 
T»nentzlen, took H by atorm from the French. At 



the era of the Reformation, it was the Court of 
the Electors of Saxony, seated here down to 
1542. The Electoral Castle is now an Arsenal. 
The town is full of memorials of Luther, who 
was educated at the High School, and was ap- 
pointed Professor in 1508. Here he began the 
Reformation by nailing up bis 96 Theses on the 
gates of the Castle or University Church (Schloss- 
kirche), on the 81st October, 1517. 

The Schloss Kirche — the same in Vhich Luther 
used to preach — having suffered in the siege of 
1814, was restored in 1817 (in 1857, the old gates 
were replaced by metal ones, on which the famous 
Theses are engraved), and farther restored 1887. 
Above are statues of Frederick the Wise and John 
the Constant, and a picture of Lather and Melanch- 
thon at the foot of the Cross. Here are tombs of 
the above Electors, of Luther, and of Melanch- 
thon; with seven bronze sculptures, by Peter 
Vischer, and portraits of Luther and Melanchthon, 
by Lucas Cranach the younger. 

The large Toum Church (Stadtkirche) has a bronze 
font, by Vischer, paintings by the two Cranachs, of 
Christen the Cross, the Conversion of St. Paul, 
and the Last Supper^ with portraits of Luther, 
Melanchthon, and Bugenhagen (or Pomeranus), 
whose tomb is here. 

The Augustine Convent (Augusteum), where 
Luther once lived as a monk, is now turned into 
a College for Evangelical clergy, to make up 
for the removal of its renowned University (** And 
what make you from Wittenberg, Horatio?**), 
founded by Frederick, the Good Elector, 1502, 
which was united to that of Hallo, in 1817. In 
Luther's Cell are still preserved his writing table, 
arm chair, drinking cup^ and \&\& ^hrVS!^^ <»^:S«&s^. 

i ^al\, a memw\«L\ tmtw ^jNaw^ ^«»ft^S 




64 



BRADSUAW S 1LLU8TBATEO 



[Sec. 2. 



The I^formationthalle is always open ; 1 to 2 per- 
sons, 50 pf . 

At the Toitn House (Rathhans) are portraits by 
Lucas Cranach the elder, 1516. 

Luther's SkUue, In bronze, by Scbadow, is in the 
market place, with this rhyme: — 

" Ist's Oottes Werk, so wixd's bestehn, 
Isb'B Menschenwerk. wixd's autexgehn.' 

Or, 
If this Is God's work it wiU stay. 
If only maa's, 'twill pass away." 

The first stone of the granite pedestal was laid 
at the Tercentenary of the Reformation, by the 
King of Prussia, 1817. MelanchthorCs House is 
shown in the KoUegien-strasse. 

Luther's Oak, near the Elster Gate, is said to 
stand on the spot where he burnt the Papal Bull, 
10th Dec, 1520. It is railed round. 

"Woollen works, dye-houses, Ac. Rail to Falken- 
ber'g for Dresden, Breslau, Ac. 

For branch to Dessau, Ac, see Route 27. 

Bltterfeld (Stat.) Here is the junction for 
Leipsic. (Route 32). 

"^AJ.T.V. (Stat.)t in Prussian Saxony. 
(Halle an der Saale). 

Population, 101,401. 

Hotels. — Stadt Hamburg; Continental; Eisen- 
babn; Stadt ZUrich. 

Railway. — To Eisenach, Leipsic, Magdeburg, Ac. 

Tbamwats.— Through the town, to the Giebich- 
custein, Ac. 

An old to^-n, in the form of an irregular square, 
on the river Saale, celebrated for its University, 
Orphan Asylum, and Salt Works. The houses 
are indifferently built. Glaucha and Neumarkt 
are suburban parishes. Both the name of the 
town and river are derived from the salt mines 
in the neighbourhood, like those of Hallein and 
Salzburg, in Austria. 

The Cathedral^ a 16th century building, contains 
an altar-piece, representing a Duke of Saxony 
and family. 

The Mbintzkirche, or Church of St Maurice, 
built in the 12th century, is the oldest in the town, 
and is in the early Gothic style, with a curious 
carved altar-piece of wood. 

^J6» J^aHMn$rp, ol whieh only a wing remains, 
>««* ^^^oMofitbeAnibbfabfop ofMagdebnTg. 
<^^<^by it^thBjHffBtbetg, niih a good view. 



The Marktkirche or Marienkirche (16th century 
Gothic) has an excellent altar-painting by Hiibner, 
and a curious painting on a pivot, by L. Cranach, 
of St. Mary Magdalen, St. Ursula, Ac, shown for 
50pf. In this Church, buUt 1528-54, by Cardinal 
Albert, the " Messiah " of Handel was first per- 
formed, 1741. 

St. Ulrich's was built 1339. 

The 2ied Tower, an old isolated building, 275 feet 
high, stands in the market-place, near to Heidel's 
bronze statue of Handel^ who was bom here 1685. 
It was erected 1859. 

The ResidenZy or seat of the Provincial Govern- 
ment, has a Museum of antiquities, with collections 
of Thuringian and Saxon antiquities. 

The University bears a high character. It was 
founded 1694, and united with that of Wittenberg 
1817. The new University Buildings were built 1884, 
in the Parade-platz ; they contain the Zoological 
Museum, and a Library of 50,000 books. There are 
about 1,600 students, a large number of whom 
study agriculture. Attached to it, are the Clinical 
Hospital in the Dom-platz ; the Botanical Garden, 
and an Obsei-vatory. The "AllgemeineLittaratur 
Zeitung," a literary journal, of many years' date, 
is published here. Tholuck and Gesenius, the 
Hebrew scholars, were professors here; also P. A. 
Wolff, who here wrote his famous Prolegomena to 
Homer. 

The Frankeschen Stiftungen, or WaiserihauSy 
founded 1698, by the excellent A. H. Franke, who 
was Oriental professor here, is an extensive 
building, in which, not only are hundreds of 
orphan boys and girls educated, but it includes 
a Mission and Bible establishment, with two 
Gymnasia or superior Schools, viz.: the Royal 
Pedagogium or High School, and a Latin or Middle 
School ; besides a Biirgher or Lower School, a Real 
(or Practice) School, Ac. In the same building, 
are an apothecary's shop, a bookseller's shop, and 
printing presses, from which many millions of 
Bibles and Testaments have been issued. This was 
the origin of the Bible Institution by Baron 
Caustein, 1712— the precursor of our Bible Societies 
at home. A bronze Statue of the founder, by 
Rauch, stands in the court of the orphan home, 
wblcb is now "weW ftTiAo^%d\T\tli money and lands. 
The Library coivlaXtvi taot^ >?&»». ^^^^SWS ^^Vssv4\. 



Houte 16.] 



HAKD-BOOK to QfiRMANY. — ^lIALtE, MER8EBtJft6. 



^ 



On the Parade-platz isthe Archieological Masenm ; 
open Wednesday and Saturday, 11 to 13; outside 
the town is a monument to those who fell at the 
Battle of Leipsic. 

The Salt Wot-ks are worked by a class of men 
called Halloren, said to be descendants of an 
aboriginal people, who, until lately, still retained 
their distinct customs, appearance, and dress. 
Some think they are of Celtic, others of Prankish 
origin. Upwards of 11,000 tons of salt are yearly 
manufactured. Entrance is generally allowed. 

Large sugar refinery. Carding thistles and 
carraways are grown in the neighbourhood, and 
the larks caught at the salt works are con- 
sidered great delicacies. In the neighbourhood is 
Giehiehenstein Castle, now a ruin ; in which Reichart 
the composer lived many years. The pretty 
ralley of the Sool-Bad WittOind is much visited. 
Within a few miles are the little town of Wettin, 
with the family castle of the old Saxon kings ; and 
Petersberg, 660 feet high, with a fine prospect. 

For Route through the HftTZ District to Cassel, 
see Route 26. A line from Halle to COnnem and 
Aschersleben (among salt and alkali worksX ^ 
miles, forms part of the direct line from Leipsic, 
Did SchkeuditZ, to Hanover. From Aschersleben 
to Gusten and C(5then. 

Another, 129 Engl ish miles long, runs to CottbUB 
(p. 58), past EUenburg and Torgau, p. 101. At 
Cottbus, lines branch o£f to Berlin, Frankfort>on- 
Oder, Meissen (Route 32), G(5rlitz (Route 85), 
Ouben, and Sorau (Route 14). 

From Halle and Leipsic, towards Frankfort, the 
stations are as foUow: — 

Halle, Qerstiingen, and Bebra Line 

(Thiiringische Eisenbahn or lliuringian Rail). 



English 
miles 
Halle to 

Merseburg •• 7| 

Corbetha 

[.June, for Leipsic] 

Weissenfels 19i 

IBranch to Zeitz.] 

Naumburg 27| 

Koscn 12 

Grossheringen 

[Branch to Jena, etc*] 

Stadtsulza 87| 

Apolda 44f 



WeJxoMr 



English 
miles. 
Vieselbach ......... 62 

Erfurt 66 

IBranch to Nord- 
hauson.] 

Dietendorf 74 

{Branch to Arnstadt.] 

Gotha 831 

Frbttstedt 89j 

Eisenach 103 

[Branch to Moluing.] 

Herleshausen Ill 

Chrstttngen 116^ 



BfERSBBURO (Stat.), or Meersburg, in Prussian 
Saxony, a part of the old Electorate. 
Population.— 18,000. Ink.— Sonne. 
An ancient walled town on the Thnringian Saale, 
irregularly built and induding the Close er tHd 
town joined to its suburbs, of Altenbui^ vkl/H 
Neumarkt, by a stone bridge. It was f^ntwify 
the seat of the Dukes of Saxe-Mersebnrg. In !^ 
neighbourhood, the Emperor Henry I., defeaMd 
the Huns 988, near the Keuschberg; and Henry T^. 
was defeated by his competitor, Rudolph, lOSO, 
who was killed. 

The Cathedral is of the 13th and 15th cehturteii, 
and has four towers, a richly adorned portal, one 
of the largest organs in Germany (4,000 pipes), and 
an altar-piece by L. Cranach, in which Luther*k 
portrait figures. Here is a monument of tb^ 
Emperor Rudolph, with his dried hand which was 
cut off in the battle; also Vischer's bronze of 
Bishop Lindenan, and a monument of Bishop TUo 
(1514), who executed one of his servants, accused 
of stealing a ring, which was afterwards found 
inside a raven. A live raven used to be kept 
in a cage outside the church, to perpetuate the 
remembrance of this untoward event. 

The old Gothic Ducal Castle, now used for govern- 
ment purposes, which is in the Gothic style, ^s 
marked by three towers, and annexed to the 
Cathedral by a quadrangle with seven towers, the 
best of which is the White Tower. A monument 
to Field-Marshal Kleist is in the Castle garden. 

There is also a new Town Hall; a Cathedral 
school; and St. Peter's convent, at Altenbnrg; 
also large beer breweries, tanneries, glue factories, 
and factories for medicine chests. 

A Deaf and Dumb School at the old Bishop** 
PaUwe. The Saale has some romantic scenery, 
like the Rhine. At one spot is Schkopau CastU 
the seat of Count Trolha, rebuilt of ornamental 
stone in the German Rt-naifisance style. 

Within a few miles are Lauehstddt Baths; Ron- 
bach, where Frederick the Great defeated the 
Austrians and French, 1757; LUtzen, the scene of 
Wallensteln's defeat by Gustavus Adolphus, the 
"Lion of the North," who was killed l«8t<^i»A. 
Gross Q^%d\ieti^yff^'ix^*CvA %x*\.s5tfc'*x\«^'0wOQ«»c*««v 



Mi I Bebrm, tto \ Mm\>A U «w X fctt<^ -^^ VCgwaft. t»»x 



SX^^ 



C6 



BRADBHAW'tt ILLt'ATRAT£U 



[Se6. i. 



WelssenfelB (Stat), in Prussian Saxony, i 
Junction to Gera, Ac. Population, 23,898. | 

//b/«/«. DrelSchwUnc; Ziim.SchUtzon; Qoldner 
Hirsch. 

An old walled town, under a hill, on the Saale, 
which is navigable here, and crossed by a bridge 
830 feet long. The Amtshans (Town Hall) con- 
tains the room where the body of Gustavus Adol- 
phus was embalmed, after the battle of Lutzen, 
1633 ; marks of his blood being sprinkled on the 
wall. Part of his remains was buried in the 
convent Church, where some of the Weissenfels 
dukes lie; while his heart was sent to Stockholm. 

The Augustenburg Ccutle was formerly the resi- 
dence of the dnkes of Weissenfels-Querfurt. The 
Klemmberg, just above it, commands a magnificent 
view. There is a seminary for teachers, and 
manufactures of plate and porcelain. The poet 
Novalis lived and died here. It was also the native 
place of Seumc. At a house near the railway 
station Napoleon rested after the battle of Leipsic. 
Sehonburg and Goseck, two seats formerly in- 
habited by the Pfalzgraf , are in the neighbourhood. 

A rail is open from Weissenfels to Zcitz and 
Altcnburg (Route 34). 

Nanmburg (Stat.), in Prussian Saxony. 

PoPCLATiosr, 30,000. 

/ro/«/<. — Rlchter's; SSchslscher Hof (Saxon 
Arms); Grllner Schild. 

A town on the Saale, above Its junction with the 
Unstrut, where Gustavus Adolphus took leave of 
his family before the battle of Liitzen. Red and 
white wines are produced on the surrounding hills, 
thic being the most northerly place where the vine 
is cultivated. Beer, brandy, and vinegar figure 
among the staple articles of business. 

The Cathedral is a very interesting building, in 
the Romanesque and German styles, built 1038- 
1349, containing two choirs, an altar-piece by L. 
Cr.mncb, painted wiudoM's, old tombs and statues, 
and an old crypt. 

St. Maurice's Church has a statue of Bishop 
Rich win. 

St. WenzelSy the Town Church, contains a good 
organ, and Cranach's Christ Blessing the Children. 

y/re M4 /^ojtUfi is now a government building. 
A J^/aderfe8(, or CJiUdren's Day, is held on the 
i'^t/j •////!,/// rfimem/lfjnace of tbe siege by the 



Hussites, 1482, under Procoplus, who had threat- 
ened to destroy the town. The children wet« sent 
to beg for mercy, dressed in shrouds, and carry^ 
lug green boughs; and thus saved the town from 
destruction. 

Rail to the little town of Freiburg, from here 
about five miles, on the Unstrut, with an interesting 
church, and the ancient castle of Neuenburg. 

On the post road to Eckartsberga, four miles 
from Naumburg, is the well-known school of Pfwria 
or Stiwipforta^ formerly a convent, founded 1548, 
in which Klopstock, Lessing, Fichte, and many 
others received their education, and from which 
Klopstock ran away. 

Kdaen (Stat.), among brine springs. 

IwM. — Rltter; Kurzhals. 

New bath rooms have been built here since 
1844. The waters are bathed in, and drunk for 
scrofula, gout, 6x.. Among several picturesque 
spots which may be visited are the walks to the 
Saalhausem, on the height ; to the ruins of Rudels- 
burg and Saaleck, over the river ; to the Knaben- 
bcrg at Schulpforta, with a charming view of the 
Saale and Unstrut. 

WEIMAR (Stat.) in Saxe-Welmar. 

Population, 34,546. 

Hotels. — Russischer Hof ; Erbprinz ; Adler. 

Omnibusks at Station 35 pf. 

Dkoschkibs : 1 person, 50 pf.; 2i)erson8, 1 mark; 
3 persons, 1^ mark. 

Ekqlish Church Service at the BttrgerSchule. 

The chief town and seat of the Duchy Court, in 
the pleasant valley of the Ilm, about 700 feet above 
the sea level. It is an old-fashioned irregrular place, 
having two bridges across the river, a beautiful 
Grand Ducal Park, and hills to the north and sont h ; 
but is most remarkable in connection with the 
names of Goethe, Herder, Wieland, and Schiller, 
who resided here, under the friendly patronage of 
the Duchess Amelia and her son Charles Angrustus. 

Herder, as court chaplain, from 1776 to 1803, lived 
close to the Stadtkirche, where stands a statue of 
him by Schaller. Wieland was tutor to the young 
Prince, from 1776 to 1803, livhig near the theatre 
where his house is shown ; his monument by Gas* 
sert is in Goethe-platz. Ooethe, the Duke's Minister 
of State, Uvcd Vver^ t\\Q best part of his long life, 
from 1775 to 1^^2\ Yito Yi,ou%% \». QkWiX\kfe-\>\»w 



Hottte 16.] 



HAKD-BOOlt to OifiUMAMT. — WBIMJLit, BBFUKT. 



t1 



opposite the Fountain, now a prirate residence, it 
<^)en to visitors on Wednesday, and contains the 
relics of art, Ac, which belonged to the poet. The 
Joint monuments of him and Schiller, by Rietschel, 
stand in the Theatre-platz ; his Garden House is 
in the park, near the pavilion containing Stein- 
h'llaser's statue of him. Schiller^ as Director of 
the Tlieatre* lived 1801-5, in a house (now the 
property of the town) in the Esplanade or Schiller's- 
strasse, one of the best streets. Donndorf's <S/a<u0 
of their friend, the Grand Duke Charles Augustus, 
is near the Ftirstenhaus. Kotzebue was bom at 
Weimar, 1761. 

The oldest building is the Sehhsskirche (St. 
James's), built 1168, which has the grave of L. 

Cranach. 

The Stadtkirche of St. Peter and St. Paul con- 
tains a statue of the same painter; his altar-piece, 
the Crucifixion ; portraits of him and Luther, and 
Melanchthon; and the tombs of the Grand Ducal 
family, including the Duchess Amelia (1807) ; the 
Elector John Frederick, and his wife ; and Duke 
Bemhard, the General of the Thirty Years' War; 
also Herder's tomb, inscribed, ''Licht, Liebe, 
Leben" (Light, Love, Life). 

The Resident Scfdou (Residence) of the Court, 
includes an old building, partly burnt, 1774, leaving 
a tower called the Bastille, containing the archives, 
and the Bemhardzimmer, which has Duke Bern- 
hard's armour. The modem seat was rebuilt by 
Charles Augustus, 17»0-1808, on a large scale. It 
contains rooms dedicated to Goethe, Schiller, and 
Wieland, and painted with frescoes illustrative of 
their works, byNeher, PrcUer, and other artists. 
Entrance : 1 mark to 14 mark to the Castellan. 

The Grand Ducal W6ra»-y, near the Ftirstenhaus, 
is open daily. It contains 170,000 volumes; 8,000 
MSS., many of them rare; 8,000 maps; besides por- 
traits of former dukes, the Duchess Amelia and her 
son; busts of Herder (by Trippel), of SchUler (by 
Dannecker), Goethe (by David); Wieland, Tleck, 
Winckelmanns, Ac, also a collection of antiquities, 
such as Luther's monkish dress, and a suit be- 
longing to Gustavus Adolphus. Open on week 
days, except in June; 1 to li m. The tower near 
the library has a rich coflection of engravings, a 
collection of coins, and the Military Library. 

The Cvwri Theairt was built 1835. Near it ift tlL« 
hMttd»om9 broas0 GoetJie-ScbiUer Moi»iia«&\i 



erected in 1857, designed by ^etschel. Hard by 
is Wieland's house. 

The Museum of casts, mural paintings, Ac.» is 
near the station. Free, Sundays and Wednesdays. 

The new Ratfthaus^ in the market-place, is a 
modem Gothic, by Hess, 1841. The House of 
Cranach, the painter, is next door. 

Falk's Institution for destitute children was 
founded 1829. It has branches in other towns. 

Near the Neue Gottes Acker (God's Acre, or 
Cemetery) is the FUrsten-Oruft (Princes' Vault) 
a small temple in which Charles Aug^ustus, who 
died 1828, lies near Goethe (1882) and Schiller 
(1805). Here also lie his wife, and Duke Charles 
Frederick and his wife. 

The Castle Park lies along the river, and eon- 
tains many charming groups and sites made 
famous by Gtoethe, whose garden and pavUicm are 
here; also the Knights Templars' House, the Swiss 
house, and a Roman villa. The finest part of the 
park is called the Star; an avenue of limes, two 
miles in length, leads up to the Grand Ducal 
Villa of Belvedere, an elegant building in the 
Italian style. Another road through the park 
takes you to Tiefurt, a hunting castle of the 
Grand Duke, often visited by Goethe and Schiller. 
Ettersburg is a summer residence of the hereditary 
Grand Duke, with fine grounds. At the Osmann- 
stedt, a pretty village on the Ilm, is the grave of 
Wieland (died 1818), in the garden of his own estate, 
bought with the profits of his works. 

Rail to BerkB, a pleasant little watering place, 
thence to Blaillfeilhaln, a pleasant summer 
resort. 

EBFUBT (Stat), in PrussUn Saxony. 

PoPULATiOH, 72,871, of whom one-fifth are 
Catholics. 

HoTBL.— Silber's Hotel, near the railway station. 

Railway.— To Leipsic, Cassel, Ac. 

DiUQEXCSS. — See Bradshaw's Continental Guide, 

An old town, founded in the eighth century, once 
the capital of Thuringia; in the early part of the 
century, a second-class fortress, now only partially 
fortified. It was a prosperous Hanse town, belonged 
to the Elector of Mayence down to 1802, and was 
then transferred to Prussia. About three centuxiftiv 
ago the population. t«%Sk ^2aKsoN.^^^!!R^ . 's^. "«Ni»»s^ nsj 






68 



BfiiLDBHAW'S tLLXJiTUATMt} 



£dCO* S* 



by fortf. The rirer flows through tho town in 
three branches. 

It hjis six gates and five open places; the largest 
of which is Ihe Friedrich-WUhelms^latz, or the 
market place, nnder Petersburg HUl, in which 
■tands an obelisk to the Elector, Frederick 
Charles, put up 1717. Under the Cyrlaxburg are 
the Dreibrunncn mineral springs. The best of its 
streets are Anger-strasse and the Krimerbrttcke- 
Btrasse. In front of the old Town HaU, built 1369, 
in the fish market, is a statue of Roland. 

Here are nine Protestant and nine Catholic 
Churches. Among the former, and most remark- 
able, are the Predlger kirche, built 1388, which 
belonged to the Dominicans till 1522; the Bar- 
fUsser Kirche; and the Augustine Church, now 
annexed to tho Martinsstift. 

The CcUhedral of St. Mary, belonging to the 
Catholics, is a fine Gothic pile, begun in the 12th 
<Sentury, on the site of a church, founded in the 
8th century by St. Boniface, on the Marienberg 
Hill, 60 feet above all around. It has a fine porch at 
the west transept and a good central spire. It con- 
tains a choir, added about 1850; some fine altars 
And stained windows and paintings; a curious 
bronze chandelier; a coronation of the Virgin, 
oarved by P. Vischcr; the ancient tomb of Count 
Ton Gleichen with his two wives; and a Holy 
Family, by Cranach. The carved pulpit is by 
Sehinkol. There are ten bells in its triple tower 
(265 feet high), one of which is the famous Maria 
Clara Susanna, a great bell, cast in 1497, by 
Eckhart Kempcn, weighing 13J tons, 10 feet high, 
and 80 feet in circumference; its clapper is 6| feet 
long and weighs 11 cwt Near this is the St. 
Severinkirche, with its three spires, a Gothic 
building of the 14th century, containing a fine 
altar and carved stone font. 

The Schottenkirehe was once part of the Scots' 
(jonvent. It contains the Library of 60,000 to 
60 000 volumes (open Mondays, Wednesdays, and 
Fridays) of the old University, which was sup- 
pressed 181G, and which dated from 1892. The 
prsuline Convent has a school for girla 

The Government House, or Regierungsgebaude, 
rr»^ jbuJJt hy a former governor, Boyneburgk. 
-Oiaev tlie ifou/lpreace of Etfart, between NapoleoUf 
^^^Ba^peiwafOmatiM, the KiagB oi BMXooynd ' 



Bavaria, Ac, took place 1808; when Talma 
to act before a *' pit-full'' of kings. 

Part of the ancient Augustine Convent, (n wlklifli 
ilartin Luther lived from 1606 to 1608, with Its oM 
paintings, and tho cells of the monks, IneludlBlr 
that of Luther, whose Bible, and other relics;, ^fi 
shown, was unfortunately burnt down 1872. Part 
is occupied as a Widows' House and alto as «ii 
Orphan Asylum, called the Martinsstift, founded 
in 1821, by Carl Relnthaler. 

The old Convent Library contains Hebrew and 
other Oriental MSS. of great antiquity: beside* 
many of Luther's autograph letters. 

Here is a Theatre of some extent; and an Acade- 
my, with a Botanical Garden, &c. Many pleasant 
walks outside the town, embracing fine views of 
the distant hills of Thuringia and the Uarz Mount- 
ains ; including the Bcerberg 8,060 feet high, in ttie 
former. The Steiger (restaurant) is the favourite 
promenade. 

Erfurt is renowned for horticulture and fruit. 

Rail to Sangerhausen and to Nordhansen. 

At Uversg^oven, a few miles to the north, is a 
salt-mine, with a shaft \ mile deep. It may 1>o 
seen for a small foe of 1 to 2 marks. From Erfurt 
it is 17 miles to Gotha, past Neu-DletendOTf 
(rail to Plaue and RitschenhausenX near which 
are the Drei Oleichen, see next page. 

GOTHA (Stat.), in Saxe-Cobtu-g-CJotha. 

POPUULTIOH, 29,184. 

HoTBLS. — Deutscher Hof; Wilnscher's. Good 
Restaurant at the station. The sausages are 
noted. Omnibuses from station to hotel, 80 pf., 
with luggage, 40 pf. 

Droschkies, 50 pf . the course; luggage, 20 pf. 
per packa ge. T wo-horse vehicles, 2 marks the hour. 

The chief town of the Duchy of Saxe-GK>tha, 
which was joined to Saxe-Coburg in 1825. It ia 
the winter residence of the court; a handsome and 
busy town on the Leina Canal, at the north edge of 
the Thtiringer Wald. It stands under Friedenstela 
HUl, and has pleasant walks, on the site of the old 
ramparts. Many coffee houses, clubs, artists, and 
literary colebrities are to be found here. Bei^ 
haus's maps and the Almanach de CMha^ or Court 
Calendar (first issued in 1763), with the Mittheil- 



Route 16.] 



HAND-BOOK TO OBRMANT.^^H>THA, THITBINaiA. 

The 



69 



At the large gaosrr«pliical house of Perthes, 
principal object is the Ducal Palace, or 

Schloss PHeden$tein, on a hill about 1,020 feet 
above the sea, a miniature Windsor Castle, sur- 
rounded by a terrace commanding fine prospects. 
In contains the Dttcal Library of 200,000 vols,, and 
7,000 MSS. ; among which are 500 Arabic MSS., 
many of St. Bcmard*s letters, and Henry VIII.'s 
letters against Luther. Also, a rich collection of 
75,000 coins (specially rich in Greek), 10,000 of 
which are ancient, and many are gold with a 
numismatic Library of 6,000 volumes to illustrate 
it. At the new Museum^ adjoining, built 1865-79, 
by Neumann, in the German Renaissance style, 
are other collections (open daily in summer, except 
Thursdays), which comprise a Picture Gallery and 
Kunst Kammer, or Art collection. The Picture 
Gallery consists of 700 to 800 paintings, chiefly of 
the German and Dutch schools, including some by 
Van Dyck, Dow, Potter, Holbein, Rembrandt, 
Rubens, and L, Cranach, who lived near the 
Market. Here also are a collection of 50,000 
engravings; collections of gems, mosaics, porce- 
lain, oasts, specimens of natural history; with 
cabinets of Egyptian and other Antiquities (2,700), 
and Mixed Art (Chinese, Japanese, Ac, 2,500). 

A small island in the park is the burial place of 
several dukes, down -to Duke Ernest, in 1804. 
Other buildings are the Friedrichsthal, or Summer 
Palace, the "Winter Palace; and the Prinzen Palace, 
rebuilt since the fire of 1 838. Also a Marstall, or 
stables; the handsome Theatre, by Eberhard ; the 
old Town Hall ; and the House of Assembly. 

The Klosterkirche has an altar-piece of the Cru- 
cifixion, by E. Jacobs, 1845; and the Ncumarkts- 
k-irche, a tomb of Ernest the Pious. The Gym- 
nasium (High School), founded in 1524, in an old 
convent, has a library of 5,000 volumes, and mathe- 
matical and chemical cabinets. There is a school- 
master's seminary, one of the oldest in Germany, 
with a coenobium for unmarried teachers. The 
naw (Demetery contains a Crematorium. 

The founder of the line of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 
was Ernest the Pious, in 1640, from whom the late 
Prince Consort, and the late King of the Belgiana 
ffeseende/f ;' and the betr presumptive to the ire\gn- 
///^ ifii^e. i$ hianephe^r. tb» Dnke of ^dinbuTg\\t 



Blumenbach, the physiologiat, waa bom ^ere, 
1752. Another native was Amoldl, the founder 
of the famous Gotha Insurance Office. 

In the neighbourhood is the Observatory, on the 
Little Seeberg, 1160 feet high, founded by Duke 
Ernest II., and now under the care of Professor 
Hansen ; formerly of Baron Zach. Here are also 
the Great Seeberg, 1,230 feet high; the Drei 
Glcichen (ever 4,000 feet), three hills crowned by 
castles, all of which were struck by lightning In 
1250 ; Amoldi-Thurm, on the Gallberg, with a fine 
view of the Thurlnger Wald, or Thuringian 
Forest, a mountain tract in the heart of Germany, 
and of the old kingdom of Thuringia, between the 
Elbe and Danube ; bounded more particularly by 
Eisenach, Gotha, and Erfurt, on the north, and 
Schmalkalden,Mciningen, nmenau,and Rudolstadt 
on the south ; and by the rivers Werra and Saale on 
the west and east, respectively. The backbone of it 
is a chain of mountains, in continuation of the 
Fichtelgcbirge, passing MUncheberg, Eisenach, and 
Salzungen, above the Werrathal (the opposite side 
of which is the Rogebirge), towards Lobenstein* 
the Saalthal, and Mainthal ; a chain which in its 
whole length is ninety miles long, and eight to 
twenty miles broad; the narrowest part being 
between Suhl and Ohrdruf, near the Schneekopf 
(3,215 feet high) and the Beerberg (3,060 feet). 

The pai-t most interesting to the traveller is the 
western division, lying below these peaks and 
Eisenach, especially round the Inselberg, which 
is 2,990 feet high. An old road runs along the 
top of the ridge, called Rennsteig, or Rennweg, 
which was formerly the boundary of Thuringia 
and Franconia. Granite and gneiss, schistus and 
porphyry are the prevailing rocks, containing iron, 
copper, marble, potter's clay, <fcc. It is thickly 
covered with timber, chiefly pines, some above 
200 feet high. There are many wild well-watered 
valleys. The most convenient points of access 
are the stations on. the lines from Eisenach to 
Meiniugcn, and froni Eisenach to Gotha and 
Weimar. 

Rail to Ohrdruf and Grafonroda. 



i 



70 



BRADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 



BI8BNA0H (Btat.), in Saxe- Weimar. 

PopuLATZOir. 21,899. 

IirK8.-Rolirig'8 Hotel anm Grossherzog ron Sach- 
•en; GoldenerL{)we; HalberMond; TbttringerHof. 

DBO80BKXB8. — From the station to the town; 
40 pf . by day, 50 pf , at night. Gnides, 3i marks per 
day; for an hour, 50 pf . (regular tariff)' Donkeys to 
the Wartburg, l|mark; there and back, 3) marks. 

An old well-built town of Thuringia, at the junc- 
tion of the Horsel and Nesse, in a beautiful valley 
under the Wartburg and other forest heights. Fine 
prospect from Herr ▼. Elchel's garden (open Thurs- 
day afternoons only). It has five gates; the 
Baupt and Nicolai churches ; a mining and forest 
Academy; and a large and handsome Fiirstenhuus, 
or palace, which was the seat of the Grand Duke 
of Saxe-Eisenach till the duchy came to the Saxe- 
Weimar branch. The Duchess of Orleans resided 
In it before 1857. Bishop Amsdorf, a friend of 
Luther's, died at Eisenach, 1585. Sebastian Bach, 
the musician, of whom there is a statue, was bom 
here, 1688. Near the station is the Nicolai Thurm, 
a Romanesque relic marked by a spire. 

From Eisenach to the Wartburg is a short hour's 
walk, by a steep ascent, passing the Madelstein, 
surrounded by a fine park ; and a natural group 
of rocks, called the Monk and Nun. A guide is not 
really necessary. 

The Wartliurg is a genuine Romanesque pile, 
about 1,300 feet above the sea level, built about 
1066 (?), by Ludwig the Jumper, Landgrave of 
Thuringia; and it was the seat of the Land- 
graves down to 1406, when it fell to the Saxony 
branch. It was the "Patmos" of Lutber, who 
after the Diet of Worms, 1521, was hid away here 
for ten months, by the contrivance of the Elector, 
Frederick the Wise, under the name of "Junker 
Oeorg" (Squire George). Here he translated the 
Bible; and they show his room, with his table, 
stool, books, letters, Cranacirs portraits of his 
parents, and the inkstand which it is said he threw 
at the devil, making a large splash on the wall. 
The small chapel in which he used to preiich has a 
carved Entombment for the altar* piece. 

OtbBT objects are the Rittersaal, or Barons' Hall; 
**^ BMagaetiosr room with the MintteaAngeTi\ or 
Im' GMUeryt arnd the Armoury, containing 
'vr from the Uth century, including 



the armour of the Prineets Cnnigunda, Henry II. 
of France, Pope Julius, and the Constable of 
Bourbon. Some of these suits of armour are very 
good ; but nearly all are apocryphal — so writes a 
competent authority, Mr. Planch^, after a visit in 
1826. The corridor, &c., are decorated with modem 
frescoes, by Von Schwind, of events in the history 
of the Castle and of the life of St. Elizabeth, wife 
of Louis the Landgrave, Ludwig the Clement, who 
died 1231. One person, 1 m.; 2, 1} m.; a company 
50 pf. each. 

In the neighbourhood are the Annathal, a valley 
remarkable for its narrow defile called Drachen- 
schlucht ; and the Hohe Sonne, a much frequented 
spot in the Tkarinffer Wdld (p. 69) ; the best part of 
which may be visited from here (in a three or four 
days* trip) byLiebenstein, the Inselberg, Reinhards- 
brunnen, round to Crotha. Another trip may be 
made from the Inselberg to the Speesberg, Fal- 
kenstein, and Oberhof, thence to the Schneekopf 
and the Beerberg. From Hohe Sonne is about half 
an hour to WiVietrntttuil, a castle built by Duke 
Johann Wilhelm, in a charming spot. 

CASSEL (Stat.), or Kassel, the Prussian 
province of Hesse-Nassau. "^ 

Population, 72,461. 

Hotels.— DuNord; Royal; KonigvonPreusscn; 
Schirmer; Prlnz Friedrich Wilhelm; Deutscher 
Kaiser; Ritter; Golze. 

At WilhelmshOhe : Hotel Schombardt. 

English Church Service in St. Alban's Church. 

Droschky fares from the railway station to any 
part of the town, 50 pf.; carriage to Pensionshaus. 
Wilhelmshohe, and back, 8 marks; to the Palace 
9 marks; to the Hercules, 15 marks; trinkgcld, 
75 pf. to 1 mark. Sundays, extra. Steam Tram 
from the Konigs-platz to WilhelmshShe, every 
twenty minutes, in twenty minutes. It can also 
be reached by rail in nine minutes. 

The former Capital of the Electorate of Hesse, 
which was incorporated with Prussia in 1866. It 
stands on the Fulda, and consists for the most part 
of an Aldstadt, or old town, containing several tall, 
gloomy houses, separated from the Ober-Neustadt 
(Upper New Town) by the Friedrichs-platz. These 
arc on the tvest side of the river, which is crossed 
I by two bT\dg««^ to V\v« vnu^ vo^-^V^ <^1 Unter 



HAND-BOOK TO OBSXAHY. 

■mpported by : 





,™at. F. H*l. (swen). Pimt Poner, Vai.dyc 
lubent, J. 9IceD, HollKltl, Tciiien, Jordiens, &i 
loBgh tbera are (InQ ciauplea o( ItaLiin sod ew 



Miursdny 



p^tlj KbnUt^nw.llrelnlsn. Thfl ™mi., in- ] In th.O|«ru-pl.tiarcD.<,lhe TbMm.buUi 
rludinga1»1l-r<™iO«HB.I]ong, .nd .noth.r SO I .lemmt B(«*v<™-, »A.*'4«™'A »«fS«- 



n 



UUOBB^V*6 ILLIMiaULTa» 



[Sees. 



^Bb|B«iTft rktm Aorom th« rirer, and iMrt far Uience, 
Ifl th<^ direetioa of the Alt-Stadt, in the Juatia- 
BaUit, « large sew building. To the north of this 
i the Marstall, with stables for 200 horses. Next 
comes the Fold* bridge, leading to the Untere 
Neustadt, and not far off, in a northerly direction, 
the Arsenal and Artillery Barracks. 

The Martins, or Oroasekirche, with a nave 
ql, the fourteenth century, contains a rich 
marble monument erected by Wilhelm IV. to his 
paiTents, Philip the Generous (1567) and his wife; 
Ipd catacombs for other princes of the line. 

The Lutherische kirche, or Lutheran Church, 
^M two paintings by Ilschbein. 

The Cemetery at the Todtenthor contains the 
' trtky^ of the historian Johan von Miiller, the his- 
torian of Switzerland, who died here 1809, when 
^nisterof Instruction to Jerome; also a monument 
9$ the Electress, sister of the King of Prussia. 

The places of amusement in the environs are 
Tiirious. The most frequented is the Auepark, 
or Karlsaue, a Mall laid out by Le Ndtre, beyond 
the Friedrich Gate. It has an orangery, and a 
Marmorbad, or large marble Bath, adorned with 
^tatues and bas-reliefs, by Monnot. 

The WiUielmslldlie. — Tbds is a miniature Ver- 
sailles, the great sight at Cassel, about four miles 
from the town ; Guides can be had, but not needed. 
It contains the Elector's Summer Palace; and is 
remarkable for its plantations ; its lakes and 
fountains; for its Hercules at the top of the 
Karlsberg; and for some very fine prospects of 
the beautiful country around ; but more especially 
as baring been the residence assigned by King 
William to Napoleon III. from his surrender 
at Sedan (2nd September, 1870) to the conclu- 
•ion of the Franco-German war. Here he was 
Tisited by the Empress incog. (30th October), and 
here he wrote two pamphlets on the causes which 
led to the capitulation of Sedan, and on the military 
organisation of the Germans. The fountains play 
In summer on Sunday and partially on Wednesday 
afternoons, from 3 p.m., for a limited time only. 

The Palace at the foot of the hill, hi the old 

Ilomanesque style, has a copper dome; 1 mark. 

^ere are portraits of all the reigning princes of 

^« Aoase of Hesae, from Henry I.; some valuable 

^^/w /„ the Court Jfoom; >n</ the J3«» Room, 



which the ex-Emperor's uiude, Ktog J«r<Mne, 
used as a private theatre. 

Around the Palace are the Conservatory, Mar- 
stall or stables (near the inn), the Thiergarten, the 
grreat Fountain, the aqueduct, the new waterfall, 
and temples of Apollo and Mercury. Under the 
south-west wing opens a deep valley, through 
which a brook rushes over the rock and falls into 
the Lake, the Mivirons of which form the most 
beautiful part of WilhelmshShe. Across the Lake, 
near the Thiergarten, is a Chmese village, with a 
pagoda and dairy. Farther on is the former 
Pheasantry ; and at the declivity of the hill is the 

LSioenburg, an artificial ruin, built 17^3, hy 
William L, in imitation of a castle of the middle 
ages, surrounded by a moat, &c. The principal 
tower, 130 feet high, contains the dining room and 
knights' hall, and has a fine view from the battle- 
ment. Here are old drinking glasses, portraits of 
the Tudors and Stuarts, and the Great Condi's 
tumour ; with a chapel, in which are some monu- 
ments and a tomb of William I., the founder. 

A winding road ascends past the Steinhof Water- 
fall to the Octagon, en the top of the Karlsberg, a 
hill 1,360 feet high, with an excellent view as far as 
the Brocken Mountains. The Octagon, or Riesen- 
schloss, built by the Landgrave Charles, consists of 
192 pillars, supporting a platform of granite, on 
which rest 8 a pyramid, 96 feet high, surmounted by a 
copper statue of the Famese Hercules, 31 feet high, 
on a pedestal of 11 feet. The hollow figure of the 
statue can be visited. His club holds eight persons. 
When the waters play on Sunday afternoons, 
a cascade descends from the Riesenschloss down 
a staircase of 842 steps, past the grotto of 
Polyphemus, where the one-eyed monster plays 
on a shepherd's pipe, by means of a concealed 
water organ. Lower down is the Riesenbassin, 
in which a figure of the giant Enceladus, buried 
under a load of rock, throws up a fountain 
55 feet high. The cascades are intercepted by 
reservoirs. Lower down they tumble over a preci- 
pice, near the Devil's Bridge, or Teufelsbriicke, of 
light iron arches ; then flow by Plato's Grotto afMl 
the Aqueduct ; and thence to the New Waterfall 
and the Great Fountain opposite the Palace as 
already meulioueA. T\v^Qtt«^V"5Qrav\».>sBk^\aQNrs^ 
a jet \^ \T\o\\e« \n «i\aTae\^t \o ^V^\«>^^. ^\ Wi ^%5 



Route 16.] 



HAND-BOOIC TO <»BS1CANT. — VAXBtTRO, OIB88BN. 



7S 



One of the heights In the neighbonrhood of Oassel, 
▼iz^ the MeUsner Mountain^ is 2,460 feet above the 
sea. 

RoflgeUmar^ six miles north of Cassel, on the rail 
towards Amsberg, is a watering-place, with salt 
water springs, useful for weakness of digestion, 
ftc. Some pleasant excursions can be made from 
It. 

Rail to Waldkappel (page 74) 81 miles. 

From Cassel to Frankfort (125 miiesx by 

the Main-Weser Bahn, the junction being at 
Guntershansen, where are branches to Berlin, 
Dresden, &c. 
From Qimtersliaiiseil the rail leads past 
Wabem (Stat.), near an Electoral Palace, also 
Borken and Treysa, both scenes of battle in 
1640. A line, lO| miles, leads from Wabem to 
WUdangen, or Nieder-Wildungen, a much fre- 
quented mineral spring. There are several hotels, 
the best being the Europaischer Hof. Numerous 
lodging houses. Kurtax, 12 marks for one person ; 
where more than one in family, 5 marks for each 
additionaL There is a Kurhaus, and all arrange- 
ments for visitors' comfort and enjoyment. 
Excursions to the old castle of Waldeck, and the 
Aucnberg, both with fine prospects. The waters 
contain iron, and are tonic and sedative, and 
beneficial in the diseases of the bowels and bladder. 
There are five springs, the most important being the 
George Victor Quelle. Over half a million bottles 
are annually exported. Diligence to Frankenberg, 
and to Arolsen (page 79) past Sachsenhausen. 

MABBUBO (Stat.), in Hesse-Nassau, now 
annexed to Prussia. 

Population, 15,000. 

Inns.— PfeifFer; Ritter. 

Diligence daily to Mflnchhausen and Franken- 
berg. 

The capital of Upper Hesse, in a pleasant spot, 
on a hill side, over the Lahn, which divides it 
from Weidenhausen, on the other side. 

It is ov^looked by the Old Castle, in fine 
preservation, which crowns the top of the hill. 
The old Town Hall was biOlt 1612. 

The University, founded by Philip th<B GJenerous, 
lj>37, and rebuilt in the ipodern Gothic style (on 
th e site 0/ the Dombdouk Convent) near the church, 



a lecture theatre, laboratory, observatory, hos- 
pital, and botanical garden. It is well endowed. 
W. Tyndall, the translator of the BiJjte, and 
Patrick Hamilton, were students here. Among its 
curiosities is a steam engine, used by Papin at 
the construction of the water-works at Wilhelms- 
hShe. 

The Elizabeth Kirche (restored 1860) is a fine 
Gothic edifice, 215 feet by 60 feet, with two tall 
spires, built 1286-83, by Conrad of Thuringia, Grand- 
master of the Teutonic E^ights, to accomplish a 
vow of St. Elizabeth, wife of Louis the Clement, 
and daughter of Andrew, King of Hungary. She 
was canonised in 1235; and the Shrine containing 
her sarcophagus is adorned .with jewels ; it 
suffered much during the French occupation. It 
was a great attraction to pilgrims before the 
Reformation, and a source of wealth to the Com- 
mandery of the Knights. Here are their stalls, 
with monuments of Landgraves, good paintings 
of the old German school, stained windows by 
Albert Diirer, in the Sepulchre Chapel; with 
carvings in relief, and other objects of notice. 

The old mediaaval Ccutle (Schloss) of the Land- 
graves, on the Schlossberg, contains the Hessian 
Archives ; the Rittersaal, in which the religious 
conference took place between Luther and Zwingle, 
1529, before the Landgrave Philip; and the Cha- 
pel, with some valuable paintings and a pulpit, 
showing a crack said to have been done by Luther 
when preaching. 

0IES8EN (Stat.), in Hesse-Darmstadt. Junc- 
tion for the Cologne and Coblentz lines. 

Population, 20,611. 

Hotels.— Kuhne ; Einhom. 

An old town, in a fine spot, at the junction of 
the Lahn and Wieseck, 430 feet above the level of 
the sea, with some pretty walks on the site of the 
former walls. It was occupied by the Prussians, 
15th June, 1864. 

The University was founded 1607, and is a hand- 
some building, containing a library of 100,000 
vols., and several rare MSS., museums of natural 
history, an observatory, gallery of antiquities ; and 
a Chemical Laboratory, founded b-'j l^^5^\s^^*>>^"«3Ks«w 
\Ae\Ae, \ft ^>Msai ^ORKt't V^ ^ -«.\»i«».- ^^nbkw^ "«* 



«:ibo «i \v\^ 



///?* /? //brnry onfiO,00Q vols., cabfneti of m\T\eTa\a. i[\ec\\ow n«\\\v \V\ ^a^^V^'^^ ^-^ 



.T%«s««^'^'^'^^ 



74 



BRADSHAW'S ILLUSTBATBD 



[Sec. 2, 



and new barradu in the old castle, which has 
a fine view. The Dttnsberg, 1,500 feet high, offers 
a magnificent riew. Kear this are rains of 
Gleiberg, Fetzberg, Ac. 

BnftltaCh (Stat.), and its saline springs. 

At Kaulieiin (Stat) are large salt worlds, and 
-^mmmkM^tmut^fsii^^iidtk in salt and gas, good 

Branch rail to Hanau (pai^e 75). 

Ftiedlierg (Stat.) — Here are two Gothic 
churches, and an old castle, now a seminary 

GrOM Karben (Stat.) for the Taunus waters. 

Bockenbeim (Stat.), in a suburb of Frank- 
fort, and a favourite resort of its citizens. Here 
are large railway-wagon works. 

FRANKFORT -ON -THE -MAIN (Stat.)- 
Forraerly the capital of the Confederation, and 
still a free city, or Stadt-Republik. 

Hotels.— Frankfurter-Hof. First class. 

Hotel Continental. First class hotel. Splendid 
position. Electric light. Lift. 

Hotel de Russie. Very well situated at the 
Railway Station. Electric light. Lift. 

Swan, situated in the Theaterplatz. 

Union Hotel, well-known and excellent family 
hotel. 

Grand Hotel National. 

Pension Niederheitmann, 83, Kcttenhofweg. 

For further particulars of Frankfort, see Bntd- 
thaw's Hand-Book to Belgium and the Rhine. 

EiBenabh to Frankfort, yIA Fulda and 

HanaiL 

(Bebra Hanauer Eisenbahn.) 

By rail as follows: — 
English 



Eisenach to miles 

Gcrstungon 15^ 

Bebra 29 

{Branch to GiJtt'm- 
gen.] 
Bebra to 

Hersfeld » 

Neukirchen 17 

Burghanen 22 

Htinfeld 25 

Fulda 36 

[Branch to Giessen, 
azjtilles.J 

^'eaJbof. 44 

J^foef^n »»...,..,,.,.., 47 



6/«<. 



English 
miles. 

Schliichtem 58^ 

Stcinau 62| 

Snlmiinster 66^ 

Wachtersbach 71 

Gclnhausen 80| 

\Brawh to Giessen, 
44 miles.] 

Meerholz 82| 

Langenselbold 81 

Niederrodcnbach ... 87 

Hanau „. 91| 

j [Branch to Fried- 
herg.] 

Midnknr 99 

Frnnkfort ,„ 102J 



Berlin to Eisenach, see Route 16. 

Thence to 

Bebra (Stat.), in the Fulda valley. Here a 
branch of 50 miles is open along the R. Werra, 

to GSttingen. via Hohenelche, Nlederhone, 

(branch to Eschwege) and Sidienberg. Esch- 
wege (population, 9,000X on the Werra, has an old 
Castle and Church, near the Hcldrastein (1,080ft.) 
Jbt WkaimSmmbimmka ibe Mrhwwnrff|ieft ftwtX 
there is a Heat Titit'lKdinqpptf aaiiiMEtaMA 
to nreSTBa, and a junction of 80 miles is made at 
Waldkappel with Cassel, via Walbnrg, Helsa, 

BettenliauBen, ftc. 

FULDA (Stat.), in Hesse-Nassau, now part of 
Prussia. 

Population, 13,000. 

HOTBLS.— Kurf iirst ; Wolff. . 

This is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishopric, 
founded by Sturm, a disciple of St. Boniface, 744. 
The possessions were secularised 1803, and made 
a Grand Duchy, which lasted till 1815. It stands 
on the Fulda, about 80O feet above the sea. 

The Cathedral was rebuilt 1700-12, on the site of 
the first church. It is a handsome stone building, 
315 feet long, with two towers 180 feet high, and 
a dome in the centre with sixteen Ionic pillars. 
The tomb of St. Boniface (a Devonshire man, who 
was murdered by the heathen Frisians, 755) is in 
a crypt below; and his statue stands in the 
square near the Electoral Palace, formerly the 
residence of the Prince Bishops. His Gospel is 
in the Cathedral Library. 

MichaeVs Kirche is a round church, with a tower, 
over a crypt (822), testing on a column in the 
centre. University, dating from 734. 

In the neighbourhood are the Franciscan Con- 
vent on the Frauenberg; the Kalvarienberg, 
close to Boniface's Well; and the Adolfieck^ or 
Faisanerie, a pleasure castle of the Elector, with 
paintings, old china, &c., in a fine park. 

Excursions to the RhSngebirge^ by rail from 
Fulda to Gersfeld, and to Hilders and Tann. 
Qersfeld, with Count Frohberg's fine chateau, is 
the best starting point. 

ScbliiClltexn (Stat.), on River Kinzig. 

Inn." Ck>ldene Sonne. 

^ear Vt ate lYift t&Iw^ of Heckelbnrg Castle, 



JUmie 18.] VAXO-BOOK to Germany.— hanau, wetzlab. 75 

S.OXJTE 18- 

L to CoVtontl— (Nftssaoisehe'EiMnbabti) 



CMnliaiiMn (Btat.) 

.ANk — Hessischer Hof. 

.1,. ¥rt....i- /».— i«*i^^ ^AnA^ 



/ 




Ifflisb 

.. 46 
•• ~^ 
.. 66 
' .. 61 
70 
^ 72| 



(tilling 
slope, 
led by 
of the 
bridge 

Gothic 
Bntnry 
'-eight 
e used 

which 
>ws of 
I's real 
hnrcb- 

it, is 
father, 
>ward8 

(called 
Jrectod 

Gothic 
:bduke 

"inceof 



•*.>S5^. 



fff 0000, wood, f9tn»r, ^„ wt mnilf. \ wAw'wYi\ft\k\\i%^»Xw.^V^^^^^^^**^'"*'^'^^ 



Berlin to BtsaiUlCh, see Route 16. 
Thence to 




74 BRADSHAW'S ILLU8TBATBI> [Se 

and new barradts in the old castle, which has 
a fine riew. Tlie Diinsberg, 1,500 feet high, offers 
a magnificent riew. Near this are rains of 
01eibei:g, Fetzberg, Ac. 

At KanZ 

for scrofifia, 
Branch ra 

Ftledbeu 

churches, an 
GroM Xii 
Bockenlij 

fort, and a f. 
are large rail 

FRANKFC 
Formerly th 
still a free oil 

Hotels. — I 

Hotel Conti 
position. Ele 

Hotel de B 
Railway Stati 

Swan, sitnai 

Union Hote 
hotel. 

Grand Hote" 

Pension Nie< 

For further 
skate's Hand-Bi 

Elsenabh t< 

(Bel 
By rail as foil 

Eisenach to 
Gerstungen .... 

Bebra 

{Branch to QtU 
gen.] 
Bebra to 

Hersfeld 

Neukirchen ....« 

Burghanen 

Htinfeld 

Fulda 

[Brcuich to Giess 
67 miles.] 

^euhof 

JP7f0den „,.. , 



] 



«A]»-BOOK TO GERMAKT.— HANAU, WETZLAB. 



i86n (Stat.) 

isischer Hof. 

own on the Kinzig (population, 4,400), 

3 Hanse city, and the residence of 

)arbarossa, of whose Palace only the 

nd chapel remahi, in good preservation, 

I in the river. 

ledral, built 1260, has Gothic screens 

ind old stained glass. Old Romanesque 

. On the bridge is a memorial cross by 

(Stat.), in Hesse-Nassau. \ 
ION, 26,027. 
iler; Karlsberg. 
ilail to Sachsenhauscn. 
me town, built in the form of a square, 
I plain, at the junction of the Main 
izig. It consists of an Old Town, con- 
ine castle and a theatre; and a New 
re the Town Hall and Market-place are, 
ist streets. This part was built about 
he refugee Walloons and Flemings, 
1 1685 by the Huguenots. The manu- 
silk and woollen goods, established by 

flourish. 

le has a cabinet of natural history, and 

i fine Lutheran and Catholic Churches, 
Ich is marked by a leaning tower. It 
rthplace of the celebrated Wilhelm and 
mi, on whose house in the Paradeplatz 
aemorial tablet. 

was fought here 30th and 31st October, 
sen the retreating French under Napo- 

the Bavarians and Austrians under 
rede, to whom there is an inscription on 

The French, though victors, lost 25,000. 
ppsruhe is an Electoral Castie in the 
le, with orange gardens. 
Friedberg. 

nau to Frankfort by rail, vid Wilhelms- 
ainkur (lO miles); or vid Offenbach 18 

BSbad (Stat.) is a watering-place, 
steel springs. OffiBnbacll (Stat.), on 
between Hanan and Frankfort, has a 
of 85, 154. Paper and ornamental good« 
od, leather, Ac,, are inad». 



Dietz 4i| 

Baldninstein 46 

Laurenbnrg — 

Nassau 56 

Ems 61 

Nieder-Lahnstein, 70 
Coblentz 72f 



Then to 



75 



to CoVtontl— (Nassanlsehe'EiMnbabn) 

Mf i«a «i follows ;— 

English \ JBogUsb 

miles. 

Wetzlar 7| 

Braunfels 14 

Lohnberg — 

Weilburg 22 

Anmenan 29^ 

Villmar 33 

Runkel 354 

Limburg 41 

{Branch to Frank- 
fort.] 

OieBSen, as Route 16. 

Wetdar (Stat.), in Rhenish Prussia. 

Population, 7,250. 

Inns. — Herzogliches Hans; Buffet. 

An ancient free town, walled in, and containing 
some old-fashioned houses. It stands on a slope, 
in a beautiful part of the Lahn, where joined by 
the Dill and Wetzbach, and was the seat of the 
Imperial Court of Appeal. It has a stone bridge 
and four churches. 

The Cathedral of St. Mary is a fine large Gktthlc 
building of the 15th century, with an 11th century 
porch and gable' apse. It contains twenty-eight 
altars, a good rood-screen, and a double nave used 
by Protestants and Catholics. The facts which 
formed the groundwork of GK>ethe's *' Sorrows of 
Werther " really occurred here. The man's real 
name was Jerusalem. His grave is in the church- 
yard, outside the Walbach gate. Near it, is 
Charlotte's Fountain and the house of her father, 
Amtmann Bu£f. Branch rail to LoUar, towards 
Cassel. 

At Garbenhelm, in the neighbourhood (called 
Walheim in the romance), is a monument erected 
to Goethe, 1849. 

Altenberg (an old abbey, with a fine Gothic 
church), past the monument erected to Archduke 
Charles in 1848. 

Braunfels (Stat.) Residence of the Prince of 
Solms-Braunfels. 

Weilburg (Stat), in Nassau. 

Population, 8,100. 

Hotels.—Scbwan; Traubc. 



7« 



BRADBHAVs ILLnSTRATBI> 



[Seed. 



a tonnel. The Oastte was the residence of the 
XNikas of- KMsaii-WeUbiirg, many of whom are 
buried in the Church. It was here that the 
aeronaut Green, and his party, descended in the 
''Nassau'' balloon, 1836. (Slee Hatton Tumor's 
"Astra Castra.") 

Idmlmrg (Stat.), on the Lahn, here crossed by 
a bridge, built 1315. [From here a branch rail of 
4S miles runs off, south, to Camberg, Idstein, 
Sppstein, and HOohst, not far from Frankfort. 
At 9 miles from Limburg, on this line, lies the 
village of Kleder Belters (Stat.), famous for its 
well-known mineral waters, from which millions of 
bottles are exported to all parts of the world.] 

Population, 7,000. /hn.— Nassauer Hoi. 

A very old town, and seat of a bishopric, founded 
909, by the Emperor Conrad I., when the first 
Cathedral was built, now replaced by one in the 
Romanesque and Gothic styles of the thirteenth 
century, dedicated to St. George, and commandhig 
a splendid view of the picturesque vnlley of the 
Lahn. It has seven towers, and contains monu- 
ments of the founder and of the princes of Nassau. 
Entrance, 50 pf. Bell to the right of the portaL 

In this lovely valley of the Lahn is Oranienstein 
Castle, built in 1676, with a fine view of the Lahn. 
It is one mile from Dietz. 

Branch lines from Limburg to AltenMrchen 
via Hadamar and via Siersahn. Line from Siersahn 
to Engers on the Cologne and Niederlahnstein rail. 

Towards Ems (Stat.), see Bradshaw''s Hand 
book of Belgium and the Rhine, are the following :— 
Dletz or ]>lez, and its old castle and bridge, with 
marble polishing works. Fnchhigen, with an alka- 
line spring, rich in salt, used as a tonic. Schaum- 
burg Castle, belonging to the Archduke Stephen of 
Austria; Baldulnstein (Stat.), near a Castle; 
and Geilnan, with mineral springs like the selters 
or seltzer waters. Thousands of bottles are ex- 
ported from here and Fachingen. At Holzappel 
are mines of lead, copper, ond silver. 

Nassau (Stat.), population, 1,600. HoteU: 

Krone ; Nassauherhof . A small town on the right 

bank of the Lahn, the original seat of the Ducal 

/aaiDjr of this name, the cadet branch of which 

zr<7»- occupies the throne of Holland. Their old 

^^,J^'^^^°'^^"' 'oonament to Baron Stein. 

'^^^y^ ^eo/n^. Tr/nk^eld, IfO to 75 pf, 



Within a short distance from Limburg U also 

Hontabaur. /nn.— Welsses Ross. 

An ancient town, with a church and a castle, in 
which are some remarkable old paintings. 

Coblents. — See Bradshatc'g Hand-booJt of Bel- 
gium and the Rhine. 



Giessen to peutz. 

By rail (Ctfjn Mindener Eisenbahn) as follows: — 



English 
miles. 
Giessen to 

Wetzlar 7 

Ehringshausen 14 

Herbom 22 

Dillenburg 24 

Haiger 29 

Burbach 40 

Herdorf 47 

Betzdorf 51^ 

[Branch to Hagen, 
as below.] 

Wissen 581 

Au 63 

Schladem 66^ 

Eitorf '. 76 

Hennef 84 

Siegburg 87| 

[Branch to Obercas- 
sel.] 

Troisdorf 90i 

[Bra$Kh to Frankfort.] 



English 
miles. 

Wahn »4i 

Deutz 1021 

Cologne — 

From Betzdorf (as 
above) to 

Kirchen 2 

Niederschelden 7^ 

Siegen 11 

Haardt — 

Crcuzthal 18 

Alteuhundem. 34 

Grevenbriick 38 

Finnentrop — 

[BranehXo Olpe Ac.] 

Werdohl 55 

Altena 6I4 

Lethmathe 66 

[Rranchto Iserlohn, 
Z\ miles.] 

Limburg 69 

Hagen 80 



Qiessen (Stat.), on the Lahn (See Route 16). 

Wetldar (Stat.), in Hesse-Darmstadt, on the 
Lahn (see page 75). Cross Prussian territory to 
Sinn (Stat.) and Herbom (Stat.), on the River 
Dill, in the Duchy of Nassau. 

Herdorf (Stat.), on Frussiam ground, in tho 
valley of the Heller. At BetflEdorf (Stat.)' a 
branch turns off to Siegen. The line crosses the 
Sieg and Agger, by means of about forty bridges 
and thirteen tunnels, between this and Cologne. 

Hexmef (Stat.) Branches to WaldbrSl and 
Beuel and Obercassel, opposite Bonn. 

Siegburg (Stat.) Population, 6,800. 

/«».— Stem. 

A small town, with a reformatory placed in 
the old Convent, which stands on a hlQ. ' Branch 
to Derschlag. The line traverses the sandy plain 
of the Wahn to 

BeutS (B%^V) Q^Tvei ^\0^<^ ^Va^«.V ^^ 
J(oute 1 . 



Boute 20.] 



HAND-BOOK TO OBBMAKY.— LIHBDB6, PTBMONT. 



77 



ROXJXE SO, 

Kiuiover to Fsnmiont, Dotmold, Paderbom, 

Soest, and Cologne. 

By rail, opened 1872, as under:— 



Miles. 

Pynnont 45 

Stcinheim 57 

Bergfaeim 60i 

Altenbeken 70 

[Branch toDriburg.] 
Paderborn 80i 

diligences start for Detmold, 



Miles. 

Weetzen 8 

Bennigsen ISf 

Springe 20} 

Hamehi 83| 

IBraneh to Oeyn- 
hansen.] 

At Berghcim 
about 12 miles. 

From Paderborn, by rail, to Cologne. 

Hameln (Stat), in Hanover. 

Population, 14,000. 

/aim.— Thiemann ; Sonne; Stadt Bremen. 

A pleasant place in a fine spot, at the junction 
of the Hamel and the Weser, over which is a sus- 
pension bridge, 816 feet long. Cathedral of 
fourteenth century; Rattenfangerhaus and Hoch- 
zeitshans, in Benaissance stylo. Handsome 
Markt-Kirche. A sluice or harbour was made 
1734, by George II., who built Fort George. 
Among Browning's Poems is the legend of the 
Rats of ffameln, or Haraelin, which caused the 
battle of Hedeminden in 1259 ; also the Pied Piper 
of HameHn. The trtory has been variously 
explained; most likely it is a confused tradition 
of the "Children's Crusade." 

[Prom here a rail of 82 English miles is opened 
to Oesmhaosen (page 26) and LOIine, in the 
direction of Osnabriick, passing 

Rinteln (Stat.), in Hesse-Cassel. 

POPULATIOH, 3,500. 

Inm. — Stadt Bremen; Rathskeller. 

A pleasant little weU*built town, in the province 
of Schaumburg, on the Weser, over which is a 
bridge. The Exter joins the Weser here. It has 
a high school, which down to 1809 was a 
university. The Paschenburg (1,150 feet), with 
an inn on the top, 6 miles distant, is a favourite 
resort. 

From Rinteln a diligence runs daily, 17} miles, 
to 

Lemgo, in Lippe-Detmokl. 

VoruLxnoVy 7,000. 

AnaM Htmn tinra, nfi th§ U<tg§i eontaialng a 



Gothic Rathhaus; the Aunnenhof, belonging to 
the Prince; the Lippehof Palace, a straggling 
massive building; and the old Romanesque (Church 
of St. Nicholas, altered to Gothic style in 'the 
18th century ; and a 14th century nunnery, now 
a ladies' school. 

Tobacco pipes, and especially meerschaum pipe 
bowls, are manufactured here; and here the 
copper for the Hermann statue, at Detmold, was 
founded. Diligence to Detmold.] 

P7RM0NT (Stat.), in the Principality of Wal- 
deck. The station is at Liigde, thence tramway 
to the town. 

POFDLATION, 1,700. 

HoTBu.— Grand Hotel des Bains, excellent first- 
class Hotel, recommended— See Advt. Scholing 
Villa; Lippischer Hof ; B:rone: Waldeck; Villa 
Schiicking. Many Lodging houses. 

English Church Service in the season. 

Kurtax, 10 marks ; a family, 15 marks. 

A watering-place, among hills and w6ods, in the 
romantic scenery of the Emmer, noted for its 
Springs, which have been in use for some centuries. 
There are about twelve in all, mostly chalybeate, 
and impregnated with carbonic acid gas, with 
which they are so highly charged that they must 
not be taken without proper advice. The four 
principal ones are the Stahl and Salz Brunaens, 
the Brodel Brunnen, used for bathing, and the 
Holy spring, or Trinkquelle. This last is clear as 
crystal, very refreshing, very stimulating, and 
never freezes. About 850,000 bottles are exported. 

The Grosse All^e promenade is a fine avenue of 
trees, mostly limes, about one-fifth of a. mile long, 
on which there is a Cursaal containing 140 rcibnl's ; 
with a tennis court, theatre, ball-rooms ; near it is 
the Park and Castle garden. 

The Palace, or Schloss, is the residence of ike 
Prince of Waldeck, brother of the Duchess of 
of Albany. 

Excursions to the KiJnigsberg and the marble 
monument of Frederick II.; and to Friedensthsl (or 
valley of peace), formerly a Quaker colony. 

Berghelm (Stat) From here, diligence to 
Detmold, passing Hoxn (fi mil.««\ ^^a&S. ^'wi- 



7« 



fi]tAi>8HAW^8 IhtXHiAATtJi 



[Sec.^. 



of iattditone, In A very picturesque situation^ 
excavated into chambers, hermitages, Ac, supposed 
to have been used by the old Germans at their 
moonlight mee'tings. At the entrance to one of 
the grottoes are Byzantine carvings of Christian 
subjects of the 12th century. 

Two and a half miles from Horn, and 9 miles 
from Bergheim is Meinl)erg, in Lippe-Detmold, 
a small watering-place, with six sulphur, saline, 
and carbonic acid Mineral Springs, useful in gout 
and rheumatism. Good bathing arrangements. 

DETMOID, the capital of Lippe-Detmold. 

POFCLATION, 10,000. 

Inns.— Stadt Frankftirt; Lippescher Hof . 

Rail to Herford (17^ miles), on the line from 
Hanover to Cologne (see page 26). 

It consists of an Old and a New Town, among fine 
walks and woods, on the Werra. Freiligrath, the 
poet (died 1876), was bom here. The Retidmz- 
Sehloss (16th century) should be visited. 

The Prince's Palace is a large pile, with a donjon 
and four wings, and including a marstall or stud 
of 60 or 80 horses, of the Senner breed, a hardy 
and spirited race, allowed to run wild in the sum- 
mer on the Senner Heath, to the south-west of 
the Teutoburg Wald. They make the best 
saddle-horses in Germany. All the forests around 
are well stocked with game. Excursions to the 
Orotenbwg^ 1,200 feet high, 2 miles south-west, the 
highest point of the Teutoburg Wald, near which 
the Romans, under Varus, were defeated by Her- 
mann, or Arminius, the German leader, in the 
year ▲.n. 9. On the top is the great copper Statue 
of Hermaimt by Von Bandel, a Bavarian sculp- 
tor, uncovered by the Emperor, 1875, about 40 years 
after the sculptor had published his design (he died 
1876). Hermann stands with uplifted sword and 
winged helmet; his left hand rests on a shield; 
under his feet is a Roman eagle; the whole is 
supported by a round temple, 98 feet high and 66 
feet diameter, with inscriptions and dates of battles 
down to 1871. Height of the figure, 66 feet; to 
point of sword, 86 feet (the sword is 24 feet l<mg). 
a^^ statae ia strengrtbened by iron stanchions and 
MnoAors bejorr. Some of the stones were taken 
""^ * ^^^^"STf or Stone Circle hard by. Her- 



mann, who was bom 16 tf.c, tM^eame a Roman 
soldier, and commanded a legion before he t<mght 
Varus ; he was murdered ▲.]>. 21. The wordTeuto- 
burg means the fort of Teutu or Tuisco.] 

Altenbeken (Stat.) Here the line from Pyr- 
mont falls into the main line from Berlin to 
Cologne, passing Driburg (be/are and ajter Alten- 
beken), Paderbom, Lippstadt, Soest, Unna, Ac, 
described below. 

[Dritourg (Stat.) 

POFULATION, 2,200. 

yfUM.— Kothe; Deutsches Haus. Dr. Briick 
practices here. 

Kurtax, 12 marks; less for familiea. 

Omnibus to Bad Driburg, 50 pf . 

A small town, near which, in a fine spot, are nine 
Springs^ like those of Pyrm(mt, frequented from 
May to October. The chalybeate spring is one of the 
strongest known ; it can be taken heated by steam. 
There are also sulphur mud baths, for diseases of 
the bones, Ac; the Herslerbrunnen, good for 
bladder complaints; and a whey cure.] 

Pader1)0m (Stat.), in Westphallan Prussia. 

Population, 18,000. 

Inns. — L5ffelman's; Bentler. 

An old Hanse Town, near the Egge Hills, formerly 
known for its University (abolished 1819), and as 
a bishop's see and imperial city, founded by Charle- 
magne, who resided here for a time. The bishopric 
was annexed to Prussia, 1802. The town has five 
gates in the old walls, and many narrow streets ; 
and its name, meaning the " source of the Pader,*' 
is derived from the many (some say, 200) springs 
at the head of that river, which rise near the 
Cathedral. 

The Cathedral^ one of the oldest German churches, 
was founded 777, and re-built in 1138-48, in 
the Byzantine-Gothic style. It is dedicated to St. 
Liborius, whose relics were brought from France, 
886, and are contained in a silver gilt shrine. 
There are in the church, several monuments of 
its bishops, for many centuries back. A i>ortion 
was burnt, 1815. The gold images of the Apostles, 
and the saint's silver coffin were carried off by the 
Dol Hertzog, Duke Christian of Brunswick, 1620. 
The Got&n vraft coVxi«d into dollars, bearing the 
! Ug«nd ^^ T\ie tt\«ud ot Qc^ «al\ vqkckj oil ^«»\Ar 



Rbute 22.] 



ttA^'D-BOOK fO GteaMAKY 



The crypts under the Evangelical Church are 
worth seeing. The Rathhaus was built 1615. 
Near Paderbom station is the Inselbad mineral 
spring, with a curhaus. Diligence to Horn. On 
the road to Horn, at 

LiPPSPRiNGE, is the Arminius Quelle, a tepid 
bitter spring, like the Carlsbad. 

Llppstadt (Stat.) 

PoFULATiON, 11,000. Hotel. — Koppelman's. 

This town stands on the Lippe, which is here 
navigable, and belongs partly to the Westphalian 
province of Prussia, and partly to the small prin- 
cipality of Lippe-Detmold. It is well-built in a 
fertile and open country, and has St. Mary's old 
Church, of the twelfth century, partly in the 
Romanesque style, with three towers ; the fine 
carved work of the choir-stalls deserves inspection. 
Reformed Church, in an old convent. Several 
brandy distilleries here. In the neighbourhood are 
the salt pits and baths of Westerkotten. 

Short lines from Lippstadt to BhedA, on the line 
from Hamm to Herford, and to Warstein. 

Soest, or 858t (Stat.), in Prussia. 

Population, 15,000. /To^e/.— Overweg. 

A curious old walled town, formerly a member 
of the Hanseatic League. When besieged in the 
fifteenth century by the Archbishop of Cologne, 
the inhabitants compelled him to raise the siege 
and retreat, the women helping with pots of 
boiling pitch. Here are some old churches, for 
both Protestants and Catholics, some half in ruhis. 

The Cathedral, originally founded 965, is in the 
Byzantine style (12th century), with a tower 250 
feet high. 

The Wiesen Church, in the Gothic style of the 
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, has stained 
windows aud carved wood altar-pieces. One 
window represents the Last Supper, with a West- 
phalian ham in place of the Iamb. It was restored 
1850. 

St. Peter's (Petrikircbe) is another in the 
Romanesque style. Sir Peter Lely was a native 
of this town. 

The salt-works and Baths of Sassendorf and 
Konigsbom are within a mile. 

The environs are Teiy/inJtfoI, and living here 
u very cheap. There it « ftood triide \n com . 



. — ^1>£TMOL0, PADEBBORK. 79 

Branch line to Hamm, Miinstef, Rhelne, and 
Emden (page 42). 

Unna (Stat.) 

Population, 7,690. /fw».— Deutsche Kaiser. 

A little salt-making town in Westphalia, on the 
Kotteleck, from which is a line to the salt-works. 

DOZtmiind. — For which, and for the remainder 
of the line from Unna to Cologne, see Route 1. 



Cassel to Warburg (for Arolsen). 

Rail from Cassel to Warburg, 32^ miles, see 
Route 28. From Warburg, rail, 15 miles, to 

Arolsen, the capital of Waldeck. 

Population, 2,475. /n«.— Zum Romer. 

A small town in a well wooded part of the Aar, 
among fine avenues of oaks, and the residence of 
the Prince of Waldeck. His handsome palace 
or castle contains some excellent paintings, 
including West's ''Death of General Wolfe;" a 
series of rare Greek coins; a library of about 
30,000 volumes, and a collection of 700 bronzen 
from Pompeii and Herculaneum, made by a 
former prince. The Stadt Kirche contains three 
statues (Glaube, Liebe, HofFnung; by Ranch, who, 
with Kaulbach, the painter, was bom here. The 
family of Waldeck is one of the most ancient in 
Germany. The third daughter of the reigning 
prince married the Duke of Albany, 1882. 

Diligence to Marsberg, on the line between 
Scherte aud Cassel, and to WUdungen (page 78) 
in 5^ hours. 



Hanover to Hlldesheim, O&ttingen, and 
CasseL 

By Rail, Hannoversche-Eisenbahn, as follows: — 



English 
miles. 
Hanover to . 

Wtilfel 4i 

Rethen 7 

Sarstedt 11^ 

Nordstemmen ...... 16 

[Branch to 
Hildesheim ... 7 
Algermissen.-.15 

Lehne A% 

Haivw«t ."^"S\ 



1£i\l«, 



English 
miles. 

Banteln 24| 

Alfeld 31 

Freden 37 

Kreiensen 43 

Salzderhelden 48 

Northeira 5fi 

Norteu 61 

GSttingen 68 

DtoA&l&Vl — "v^ 

'V^!^SS!^<SB>^ « — '^ 



80 



BRADSHAW's UiLUStRAtltD 



[Sec. 2. 



HanOYer, as in Route 1. 
There Is also a direct line to Hildesheim, through 
Bamten, in half an hoar. 

HILDSSHBIM (Stat.), in Hanoyer. 

PopiTLAtioy, 83,482. 

Hotels.— Hotel d'Angleterre; Wiener Hof. 

This ancient episcopal town was founded by 
Ludwig the Pious, 822, and annexed to Pmssia, 
1803. It stands on the river Innerste, and con- 
. tains several very fine Romanesque Churches and 
carved buildings; especially the Knoctenhauer' 
Atnthatts^ which is a carved half timber pile (1529) 
restored, with five or six storeys in the high gable 
roof, probably the finest in Germany. 

The Cathedral is a Romanesque and Oothic 
church of the 11th century, with bronze doors as 
old as the church (1055), covered with bas-reliefs, 
ten altars, and several glass and other paintings. 
It contains a yellow alabaster Pillar, 16| feet high, 
with a Virgin on the top, erroneously styled an 
Irminsaule. The font and screen deserve notice. 
The treasury contains valuable antiquities. 

An enormous Roxe-trte^ 35 feet high, said to 
have been planted by the founder, and therefore 
1,000 years old, gprows outside the church. 

In the Dom-platz is Bishop Bemward's bronze 
Pillar of the eleventh century, 18 feet high, with 
28 subjects from the life of our Saviour winding 
round the shaft. 

8t. Qodehard's beautiful Romanesque Church, of 
the 12th century, lately restored, and St. MichaeTs^ 
of the 12th and 13th centuries, have some good 
reliefs and carvings. 

The Rathhaus contains portraits of the Bishops. 
Several old carved houses are in the Langenhagen. 

The StadtUche Museum contains a fine collection 
of natural history and ethnography. 

In the neighbourhood are Sdder Castle, belong- 
ing to Count Stolberg; Demeburg, to Count 
Mtinster ; Wohldenberg Castle, a ruin ; and Boden- 
burg, belonging to Baron von Steinberg. 

Direct line to BrniLBWlclC (page 21X opened in 
1887. 
Nortlieilll (8tat*)f whence excursions to the 
-fi5ri-r jn/gjr be made by rail to Herzberg. 

'foj'vxATroir, ^,600. 
■^*9. — Soaue. 



An old manufacturing town, on the Rhume, 
at the foot of the Winterberg (1,060 feet\ with a 
large Church, built 1519; and a tobacco factory. 

Ck>TTINGEN (Stat.), in Hanover. 

POPULATIOH, 23,693. 

Hotels. — Krone; Gebhard. 

DiuGENCES.— To Adelebsen, Hi miles; and to 
Bremke, 10 miles, in If hour. 

A well-known university town (formerly a 
Hanse town) in the valley of the Leine, about 
470 feet above the sea, under the Hainberg hill. 
The old ramparts serve for a promenade. St. 
John's has two spires, 200 feet high. St. James* 
spire is 300 feet. 

The University was founded by George II.'S 
minister. Baron Miinchausen, in 1734, as the 
** Georgia Augusta," the king being its Rector 
Magnificus. There are about 1,000 students and 70 
professors. The number of students formerly 
reached up to 1,400. The country of each is 
denoted by the colour he wears. Its Aula, where 
the meetings take place, was built in 1887, by 
William IV., of England, and faces his statue in 
Wilhelms-platz. The LSbrart consists of 400,000 
volumes, and 5,000 MSS., besides engravings and 
maps, contained in the old church of St. Nicholas. 
Their number was trebled ifdiile Heyne was 
librarian. Other professors were Blumenbach, 
the brothers Grimm, and Ewald. The Museum 
occupies fourteen rooms, including collections of 
zoology (rich in skulls), ethnognq»hy, minerals, 
coins, and some good pictures. A Spruch Col- 
legium, or Judicial Society of great repute is 
connected with the University. 

The Observatorp., near the town, is a new building 
in the Doric style, with an excellent collection of 
instruments. Gauss, the mathematician and 
astronomer, died here, 1855. 

There is also a laboratory, veterinary school, 
botanical garden, and an anatomical theatre, near 
the station ; with a monument to BUrger, author of 
'* Leonora," at the Alltfethor. He died here, 1794. 
The Town Hall is an old castellated building. 

Here tbe ^^ Q^UVnsMilie G«lehrte Anzeiger/* a 
literary xttrlew, "w» ftrtt ^u\ittA»4 VaVWa. 



Route 24.1 



HAKD-BOOK TO GBBMANY.— GOTTlNaBN, CARLSHAFEN. 



«I 



The most prosperous trades are booksellers and 
tobacconists. The G5ttingen MettwUrste, or 
juiasages, are celebrated. 

In the neighbourhood are the Volksgarten, with 
a fine view; the ruins of Hanstein; the Plesse; 
Mariaspring; Bremker Thai, and Reinhauser Rocks. 

Munden (Btat.), or Hanoverian Miinden. 

Population, 6,860. 

/»«.— Goldener Lowe. Buflfet. 

At the junction of the Werra and Fulda, which 
united form the Weser, in a deep romantic 
valley. 

St. Blasien's Kirche^ a fine building of the four- 
teenth century, with the tomb of Duke Erich II., 
of Brunswick Liineburg, by whom the Castle was 
built 1666. Fine view from the Andreasberg. 

Steamers in summer to Hameln (page 77), along 
the charming valley of the Weser, past Hiixter and 
Ilolzminden (page 82) and Bodenwerder^ the former 
residence of the famous Baron Hilnchausen. 

CaSSeL— See Route 16. 



Eisenach to Cassel and Warburg. 



By Hessische Nordbahn, 

under : — 

English 
Eisenach to miles. 

Gerstnngen 16| 

Bebra 29 

[Branch to Fulda, Ac] 

Rotenburg 32| 

Altmorschen 40i 

Melsungen 47| 

Gucksbagcn 66 

Guntersbausen 66| 

[Br. to Marburg, Ac.] 

Wilfaelmshobo 63 

Cassel 66 



the stations are as 

English 
Cassel to miles. 

Monchehof 8 

Grobeustein 14 

Hofgeismar 17J 

HUmme 21 

[Branch to 

Trendelberg 2^ 

Helmarsbausen 8| 

Carlshafen 11] 

Liebenau 28 

Warburg 82J 

At present, this Ihie offers a direct route between 
Central Germany and the Rhine. 

Bebra.-- See Route 17. 

Wilhelmsbdile (Stat), fuily described on 
page 72. 

Cassel (Btat.)- See Route 16. 

Gucksbagen (Btat.), on the Fulda, old Benc- 
dlciine Abbey. 

HUmme (Btat.), the junction for 

Carlsbalien (8tat> 

POPULATlOlf, 1,900. 

/w$.—Scbwaa. 
G 



A small port, finely situated at the junction of 
the DIemel and the Weser, and founded by the 
Landgrave Charles (Karl), about 1700, who settled 
the Huguenot refugees here. 

From Carlshafen, the steamer runs down the 
Weser, in six or seven hours, touching at the fol- 
lowing places, and at Hbxter, Ac. (see Route 24). 

Herstelle, on the left, a village, with a small 
castle, on the site of one In which Charlemagne 
held his court in 797. On the left Blankenau 
CcuHe; and beyond this Godelheira, near which 
Charlemagne defeated the Saxons, 775. On the 
right, Furstetiberg, with an old castle of the Duko 
of Brunsvrick. 

Warburg (S(iat), population, 4,600; an old 
Hanse town on the Diemel. Ruins of Desenburg 
on an eminence. Diligence to Arolsen, Route 21. 

Here is the junction of the line from Sckwerte^ 
opened 1873, past Scherfcde, Brilon, Eversberg, 
Meschede, Amsberg, and Frondenberg (where a 
branch to Afinden runs oflQ. 

Brilon (Stat.) One of the oldest towns in 
Germany, 4i miles from the station. Large 
Romanesque church, with massive tower. 

Amsberg (Stat,), population, 6,130. Former 
capital of the old Duchy of Westphalia. Diligence 
to Soest. 

Schwerte is a station on the line through 
Elberfeld to Cologne. 



Brunswick to Wolfenbuttel, Ereiensen, 
Holzminden, and Paderbom. 

By rail ; stations as follow— 



English 
miles. 
Wolfenbiittel June. 7 

Borssum June 13 

Salzgitter — 

Rlngelheim 26 

Seesen 40 

Gandcrsheim — 

Kreienscn 60 

[Branches to Hano- 
ver, Gottingen, Ac] 
Vorwohle 64J 



English 
mil^s. 

Holzminden 78 

Thence, by Westpha- 
lische Eisenbahn, 

Hoxter 4( 

Godelheim 8 

Brakel 17 

Driburg 24* 

Altenbeken 80| 



[Branch to Warburg] 
Paderbom 41| 

Brunswick and Wolfenbuttel, see Route 1. 

BOrSSUm (Stat) Here the junction with 

the Harzburg line takes place ; and the main llne^ 

j i>idJerxUelmMvi^^%*5^N«>tN ^^.^ V^^s^^^-"^^^ 



ii 



BltAIJSttAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 2. 



Latter (Stat.), on the Bareuberp. 

Here the Danes, under Christian IV., were 
defeated by Tilly, in the Thirty Years' War. 

Seesen (Stat.), where there is a junction 
/or Nordhausen, via Herzberg (Route 26). 

POFULATION, 2,000. 

Inn. — Kronprinz. 

A small ancient town on the Schildau, with an 
old Castle and sulphur baths. 

Kreiensen (Stat.), on the river Lebie. Here 
Unes from Hanover and Cassel fall in. 

HoLantndai (Stat. )i on the Weser. Steamers 
up to Carlshafen and down to Minden. 

A Small to^Ti (population, 7,800) in the deep valley 
«rthe Weser, belonging to the Duchy of Brunswick. 
It has iron and steel works, a modem engineering 
school, and an excellent high school. 

The steamer down the Wpser passes the follow- 
ing places: — 

On the left— Polle Castle^ an old scat of the Counts 
oi Ebersteln, destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. 

On the right— Z)o/wi«, a picturesque group of 
rocks, in a beautiful spot, in the valley of the 
Weser, opposite the Steinmuhle. 

On the left— Kemnade^ formerly a nunnery of 
the eleventh century, with some ancient tombs in 
the church. 

On the left— Behlen, a castle built in 1660, be- 
longing to the Counts von Schulenburg. The 
ancestor of the present owner was the defender of 
Corfu, in 1716, against the Turks. 

The rail from Holzminden ascends the river to 

Hdxter (Stat.) 

Population, 6,190. 

Inns. — Stadt Bremen; Schwiete, Berliner Hof. 
This is a small Prussian town on the right bank 
of the Weser, but was formerly a Hanse town and 
free city, belongmg to the old Abbey of Corvey. 
It has Romanesque and Gothic churches, and 
some fine Renaissance timber buildings. 

One mile away is Corvey Abbey, a Benedictine 

house, founded in 816, removed here, 828, by 

tiiidwig the Pious, and belonging to the Duke of 

JtaiJifor, or the Jjae of Hohenlohe Schlllingsfiirst. 

J^rdm here CSrIstJanlty was preached to all parts 

"^ ^T'^^'" ^or^pe, br AnecbarSaB or Ans^r, 

^(f^. The first Bye books of ticftus'^ 



Annals were found in the convent library in ISfl-i. 
It was dissolved in 1803. 

Altenbeken (Stat.); branch by Warburgf 
(page 81) to Cassel. 

Hence the railroad passes on to 

Paderbom (Stat), Route 20, on the line vid 

Soest, Ac, to 
Cologne. 



Magdelmrg and Brunswick to the Harz 
Mountains. 

The most convenient Imes are the following. 
See also Route 29. 



Miles. 
1. — ^Magdeburg to 

Blumenberg 13 

Oschersleben 24| 

{Branch to BSrssum.] 

Crottorf 28| 

Nienhagen 30 

2. — Brunswick and Harzburg. 

English 
miles. 
Brunswick to 
Wolfcnbiittel June. 6f 

Bcirssum June 16 

[Branch to Deutz] 
Schladen 17 J 



Milos. 

Halberstadt 37 

IBranch to Aschers- 
leben.] 

Wegeleben 41^ 

Quedlinburg 48 

Thale 545 



English 
miles. 
Vlenenburg 23 



[Brandies to Halber- 
stadt and Goslar. 
Harzburg 273 



3. — Ccithen to Halberstadt, and Cothen to 
Stassfurt. For Cothen, see page 94. 



Miles. 

Cothen to 

Bemburg 12^ 

Giisten 20 

[Stassfurt ... 4^] . 
Aschersleben 27^ 



Miles. 

Frose 40^ 

[Branch to Ballcnstedt.} 

Gatersleben 44^ 

Wegeleben 6l|- 

Halberstadt 66} 

THE HARZ or HARTZ DISTRICT, and the 

BROCEEN. 

This old mining district is a mountainous region, 
deriving its name from the ancient Hercynia Silva^ 
or Hercynian Forest, which formerly covered it. It 
lies between Goslar and Wemigerode on the north, 
and Nordhausen and Sangerhausen on the south ; 
the length in the direction of north-west and 
south-east being about 65 miles, while the breadth 
is about 20 miles. The Upper Harz, to the north- 
west, contains the Srocken, 3,740 feet above sea. 
the highest point in north Germany; and the 
Lower Harz, to t^e south-east, contains the 
VteUtrs H6hR or Grosse Ramberff, 2,1^0 feet filgh : 
the two occup^Vivg ».>ow3t\, %S5te it^oActV^ xtfii^'s,^ ^i 
which two-ttiVxA* \>e\oT\g \o "^r^ai^**. ^^1^^\^x^\^^^ *> 



Ronte ^5.] hand-book to Germany. — harz district, halbbrstadt. 



83 



third which was formerly Hanoverian); while 
the remainder is divided between Brunswick and 
Anhalt-Bernburg. 

Along the borders of the district are the follow- 
ing places, beginning at the north, viz.: — Goslar, 
Neustadt-Harzburg (a station), Ilsonburg, Wer- 
nigcrode (Stut.), Blankenburg (Stat.), Quedlinburg 
(Stat), Ballenstedt (Stat.), Aschersleben (Stat.), 
Mansfeld, Sangerhausen (Stat.), Nordhausen 
(Stat.), Sachsa, Herzberg, Osterode (Stat.), 
Seesen, round to Goslar again. A line from 
Ilsonburg through the Brocken to Sachsa 
nearly divides the Upper and Lower Uarz; 
the rivers of which run into the Weser and Elbe 
respectively. In the Upper Harz, near the 
Brocken, are the Konigsberg and BiticMterg^ each 
3,420 feet high; the Warmberg, 3,080 feet high; 
and Achtermannshohe, 2,880 feet high. In this half 
also are the mining towns of Clausthal, Zollerfold, 
Andreasburg, Altenau, Gruud, Wildeuiaun, and 
Lautcnthal, producing lead, silver, copper, iron, «fcc. 
In the Lower Harz are the Rosstrappe and the 
Valley of the Bode, Alexisbad, and the towns of 
Ilerzgerode, Stolberg, Ilfeld, Haselfeld, and Elb- 
ingerode. Iron is the chief product. About half 
of the total population of 100,000 is engaged in 
mining. The highest hills are chiefly granite, 
steep and rugged, and covered with snow from 
October to May. The lower hills are more level, 
and clothed with abundance of pine and other 
timber. Generally speaking^ the roads are bad, 
fit only for light vehicles and horses. July to 
October is the best season for excui'sions. About 
September the clear air affords a chance of the 
good mountain prospects. Guides are not neces- 
sary. They receive about 8 to 4 marks a day. 
Return fee, about 15 pf. per mile. Carriages cost 
II to 12 marics. Living at inns from 6 marks a 
day; the acconmiodation being middling. The 
chief points of interest may be visited in three or 
four days. See H. Blackbubn's ** Sketch of Life 
in the Uarz Mountains.'''' 

Railway Access. — 1st: From the east— Magde- 
burg to Oschersleben, Halberstadt, Quedlinburg, 
and Thale, near the Bode Valley. 

2nd: ^0} t^e ndrtft—Bhrnswick to Wolfcn- 
hiittel, Neastadi-Harzhnrgt in the C/pper Harz. 
''Jrd: From the sonth on the side of Thurlngla — 



Cothen to Bernburg, Sangerhausen, and Nord- 
hausen, in the Lower Harz. 

4th : The western route from Gotthigen is vid 
Lauterbcrg and Osterode, or from the Nordheim 
and Seesen stations on the Hanover and Cassel 
line. Coaches run from Nordheim to Osterode, 
twice a day (24 hours); to Clausthal (4^ hours); 
Seesen to Goslar (2| hours). 

Distances.— From the three starting points as 
follow : — 

English 
miles. 
1st : Thale to Hasselfeldc 18 

Nordhausen 17| 

30]^ 

2nd: Harz burg to Braunlage 15 

Zorge : loj 

Nordhausen 13 

381 

N.B.— Braunlage is about 4 J miles from the 
Brocken; 22 from Clausthal; lO^ from Elbin- 
gerode. English 

miles. 
8rd : Nordhausen to Harzgerode, near 

Alexisbad and the Ramberg.... 23f 

Nordhausen to Quedlinburg 37 

Nordhausen to Thale, through 

Bode Valley 30J 

Nordhausen to Harzburg, past 

Braunlage 37| 

Nordhausen to Osterode S2f 

HALBERSTADT (Stat.), in Prussian Sax- 
ony ; a good starting point for the Harz mountains 

Population, 36,501. 

Inns.— Hotel Royal, best; Prinz Eugen. 

Railway.— To Quedlinburg, Ballenstedt, (fee, 
and to Blankenburg (page 85) and Elbingerode. 

This old town stands in a fine spot on the Holz- 
emme, and contains several exceedingly good 
specimens of ancient timber houses. A diocese 
was founded here, 804, in the territory of the 
Cherusci, which was secularised and given to 
Prussia, 1648. 



M 



mUDftUAW B ILLZVTKATEV 



[Sec, 2. 



li hutim p«rt of WMtpluili*, under Xapoleoii, 
•ful WM nUrrmed by the D«ke of Bmniiwiek; 1809. 

TiM Cath0lral tA fH. f^tepben, in the iKmipUtz, 
1« ft fine OotMe bolldlniri of the thirteenth eentnrjr, 
with ftn eftrlier went front. It i« 412 feet long, 72 
f«ei broftd, «n4 9f feet hijgli; and cont«tns thirty* 
two ftltftri, with nuinx pftintingff, «ntiqnitie«, and 
cbnreh omftmcnt*. Among the«e i« an altar-piece, 
hx 3. Raphon, 1608; ft dntXy carred screen ; a Qneen 
erf Heaven, of the old Cologne Sciiool ; a Gospel 
of f/'h«rlemagne*s time; the tomb of the Margrare 
Fraderick (lACS); Crypt of 10th century; 75 pf. 

A High (tobool and Seminary belong to the 
Cathedral, together with a Library of 10,000 rols., 
and several autographs of Luther. The Leggen- 
stein, in the Domplatz, is said to have been a 
heathsn altar, 

Ths I4eb/rauenk(rche (Our liear Lady's Church), 
opposite the Cathedral, is in the Byzantine style, 
of ths elovontb century, commenced 1005. It was 
restored 1850, and contains some bronze monu- 
ments, bas-reliefs, and old mural paintings. 

fit. Martini Kirche has two dissimilar towers, 
and good stained windows, in which are portraits 
of Luther and Melanohthon. The Synagogue is 
a handsome building. The Theatre wa« a convent. 

The lUthsksUcr and the Scbulihof arc flno spoci- 
mens of old architecture. The former is in the 
Jlolimorkt, and the latter in the Fisohmarkt. 

The old Episcopal Palace, 16th century, close to 
Ihd Rathskeller, is now the Custom House. 

The Town Hall is a Gothic building (14th cen- 
tury, restored in the 16th), having a Rolandsslinle 
(1488) in front of it. 

On the Breltonwogo Is a house with the portroit 
of Tetiol. 

In the environs are several points of interest- 
as the Splogelsohtnberg, built by the Bishop- Duke, 
Henry Julius of Brunswick, in 1594. It commands 
a line view of the town. In one of the cellars is a 
wine iMrrel, 16 feet high and 80 feet long. 

The lloppeltberf, at I^ingenstein, is 1,400 feet 
high. 

•IrttlMOk (8 miles east) Is a village of chess 

player*, of whom an account is given in Lewis's 

mwJt an ih» sab>ct. They have a chess board 

^« jAmm Ar iAn Eitcivr of Bnndwhun, mv 



the inhabitants were exempted from taxation, on 
eonditioB that they were not beaten at chess. 

The beedi woods on tlie Ha3rsberg (4 miles to 
the north) extend orer a cliain of luXls. round an 
old Benedictine Abbey, with a cruciform church 
in the Norman style. It has three good paintings 
by Strathman, and an old library of MSS., Ac. 

Rail, 4 miles, to Wegeleben, thence 7 miles to 

QnadUnlmnr (Stal), in Prussian Saxony. 

POFULATIOV, 20,765. 

Itms. — Schwarzer Biir; Kronprinz. 

An old Imperial city, on the Bode, consisting of 
an Old and New Town, containing many good 
houses, and surrounded by ancient walls and 
towers. The Emperor Henry I., or Henry the 
Fowler, fother of Otho the Great, died here after 
founding an il55e|f, 936, the Abbess of which, though 
a Protestant after the Reformation, had a seat with 
the Bishops in the Diet. This abbey was secular- 
ised in 1802, and granted to the King of Prussia, 
its hereditary Bailiff. The last Princess-Abbess 
was Sophia, sister of Charles XIII. of Sweden. 
One of its Princesses was the Countess of KSnigs- 
mark, mistress of King Augustas of Saxony, and 
mother of Marshal Saxe. The remains of the 
Abbey stand on a rock in the Westendorf suburb. 

The ScMosskirche, of the 10th and 12th centuries, 
was built b}' Henry I., in the Basilica style ; the 
crypt was the original church, and is of very great 
interest. Has some ancient ornamental work on the 
outside. It contains the remains of Henry I. and 
his wife, Matilda, with their grandchild, the first 
Abbess. 

At the foot of the castle hill is the house in which 
Kfopttock^ author of "Messiah," was bom, 1724. 
The Briihl g^arden has a monument erected at his 
centenary, 1824. Another native was Carl Bitter, 
the geographer. 

In the Rathhaiu is a wooden cage in which the 
tyrannical Count Rogeusiein was imprisoned . 

Near the town are the ruins of the convent of 
St. THpertus, now an inn. At Altenburg, near 
the Briihl, is a stone watch-tower, with a splendid 
view ; one of several towers surrounding the town, 
mostly of the time of the Emperor Henry III. 

Roil to Oaomrode (page 70) Ballenstedt 

(p«8« Vi) •BdTnAllib^thtncA to Aschersleben. 



l^oute 25.J 



RAND*BOOK TO QERBfANT. — ^THB RABZ, THALK. 



B^ 



THALB (Stat.), in Pratsia. 

Hotels.- -Zehnpf und ; Waldkater ; Habertiubad. 

A growing village at the beginning of the valley of 
the Bode, with a church built 1788. Vear it is 
Kahlenberg, with a fine view. The inn at Hubertus 
Brunnen, where there are warm springy, is con- 
venient for visiting the BodethoU^ or the 

Vailey of the BodSy the wild scenery of which, is 
best enjoyed on foot; but for those who are 
inclined, horses and vehicles may be had at the 
hotels. The chief attractions are the colossal 
Routrappe and the Hexentanzptatz^ two mountains 
rising 600 to 700 feet on either side of the defile 
of the Bode, or 1,300 feet to 1,500 feet above sea 
level, in the wildest part of the Harz region. 

The shortest way to the Rosstrappe is by the 
Bleehk&tte, over the Bode, then to the right, and, 
near a second bridge, take a steep path up to 
Gasthaus zur Rosstrappe. 

Routrappe^ or "footstep of the Horse,** is so 
called from a mark found on the top of the granite 
cliff, shaped like a hor8e*s hoof ; the legend being, 
that a lady, pursued by a monster, leaped on horse- 
back across the gulf frem one cliff to the other. 
Close by the Gasthaus is the BiilowshShle, a 
pyramid of rock 50 feet high. The Hexentanzplatz 
(Witches' dancing ground) Is 20O feet higher than 
the Rosstrappe. The road to this is past the 
Actienbrauerei at Thale, along a path by the edge 
of a wood, which leads to a bridge over the 
Steinach. The path to the Tanzplatz turns off to 
the right Just before reaching this bridgre. Or, 
from the Blechhtttte, past the Waldkater restau- 
rant, down the Bodethal to the Jungfembrficke, 
whence a steep path turns off to the left by the 
Hirsehgrund and LatOret HShe to the Hexentanz- 
platz, which overlooks the Rosstrappe on one side, 
and has the distant Brocken on the other. 

From this point it is about 6 miles to Blanken- 
burg; leaving to the right the Teufelsmauer, or 
Devil's Wall, a range of grotesque sandstone cliffs ; 
the summit of which, Grossvater, commands an 
extensive view. 

EUmkenlrorf (Stat.), in Brunswick, in the 
Lower Harts, now placed in railway communica- 
tion with Halbentadt (page 84), by a branch 
opened 1871. 

POPULATJOMf 0,000. 



I fio^e^f.— Weisser Adler; Krone. 

A small place, one of the oldest In the Hartz, 
760 feet above sea, with an old Rathhaus (collection 
of antiquities), and the DuccU Cattle of Louitenberg 
on the Blankenstein, a limestone rock, 1,040 feet 
high. The Castle contains 270 rooms and a 
collection of paintings ; among which are several 
by Cranach and Kosel, with curious old drinking 
vessels, &c. A fine view from the windows as 
far as Magdeburg. Trinkgeld, 1 mark. 

On the Regenstein (Wirthshaus), near at hand, 
are remains of a Castle and several caves. 

At Michaelstein is an old convent. Rich iron 
mines are at HUttenrode, andRUbeland, on the Bode, 
with marble mills, &c. The railway is continued 
to Elbingerode and Faxme (page 86). A short 
line will unite Blankenburg with Wemigerode. 

Wemlgerode (Stat), in Prussian Saxony ; 
now accessible by a short rail of 6 English 
miles from Heudeber (on the Vienenburg 
and Halle line), since continued to Ilsenburgh 
(page 87). 

PopuLATiojr, 8,275. 

Inns. — Welsser Hirsch ; Deutsches Hans. 

Capital of the county of Stolberg- Wemigerode, 
on the Zilligerbach and Holzerame. It is a pictur- 
esque old town, with a Gothic Rathhaus of the 
fourteenth century, and the family tombs of the 
Counts, hi the Sylvester Church. 

The Castle, in the Thiergarten Park, is 400 feet 
above the town and 880 feet above sea level. It 
contains the family portraits from 1538; the Library 
of 75,000 volumes, including 3,000 bibles and 2,000 
hymn books ; with cabinets of shells and minerals, 
from the Harz district. The Library and Palm- 
house are in the Lustgarten. There are splendid 
views from the terrace of the whole of the north 
side of the Harz and the Brocken, which is com- 
prised in the property of the Count. 

Near this is the Harburg, at the foot of which is 
a coffee house with a fine view. Other points are 
Krumhaarbank, Zwulf Morgen, Buchenberg, the 
Hohnsteln, the Stehieme Renne, Ac. 

Excursions may be made to Hasserode, to Fried- 
richsthal, to the ruins of Himmelpforte and the falls 
of the Holi«mx&&. ¥Qt NXsL't'^-tj^aws^.^^ Vs<»^\ssst.'%!^ 
I carT\a«« mvj \i^ Xsix^k^L \w Vi v^ ^^ \sc«««a^ ^ ^"^ 



86 



bradshaw's illustrated 



[Sec. 2. 



Road to the Brocken— In visiting the Brockcn from 
Wernigerode by carriage or liorsebaclc, you may go 
— Ist, by Altenrode, and DrUbeck Convent; then 
past the old castle of Ilsenbarg, to Usen-Thal; 
about 15 English miles. 

2nd, Past Darlihgerode, Oehrenfelde, and Ples- 
genburg to the high-road in Usen Thai ; 16 miles. 
Or rail to Ilsenburg, thence up the valley. 

3rd, By omnibus to Ilasserode (1 hour), the Drei 
Annen Hohne and Jacobsbnick; about 12 miles. 

Or 4th, the shortest way, by Elbingerode, Elend, 
and Schierke. 

The Ist and 4th routes are most recommended. 

The following routes to the Brocken can only be 
made on foot, sometimes following the carriage- 
road. A guide, though not necessary, is useful : — 

Ist, by Altenrode, Drtibeck, and Ilsenburg, past 
the Isenstein by the new footpath, to the waterfalls 
of the Use ; 15 to 18 miles. 

2nd, By Hasserode, to the Steineme Renne, 
through the Dumkuhlcnthal, to the Holle, a wild 
part of the valley ; then past the Hohne-Klippen 
by the Molkenhaus and the Renncckenberg to the 
high-road, which leads from Ilsenburg to the 
Brocken : altogether 12 to 15 miles. 

8rd, By Hasserode, througli Sandthal, down to the 
Wolf sweg, and the Neustadter Hau, the Molken- 
haus, &c. This is a steeper route of 12 to 15 miles. 

4th, Past Schierke upwards to the Schuppenthal, 
by the QuitschcnhSu and the Brockenbette; about 
18 miles. 

Instead of turning from the Rosstrappe past 
Blankenburg, and Wernigerode to the Brocken, 
you may follow a splendid way through the Bode- 
thai, past the Treseburg to the 

MarmonniUlle (or Marble mill), for cutting, 
turning, grinding, and polishing marl)Ie. Diivels- 
htluschen, on the top of Krockberg, has a splendid 
view of the valley of the Bode. Next you pass the 
Neu work iron foundries, and the Stahlberg mines, to 

Rnbeland (Stat.), on the line from Halber- 
stadt, through Blankenburg and Elbingerode, now 
completed to Tanne. 

/nn.— Goldcner L{>we. 

A small mining place, on the Bode, opposite the 
neiaa/as of Berkenleld, an old robbers' nest. Here 
^^- O/mpman, n clever EnglUh chemiat, was killed 
^ayj explosion, 1872. 



The principal Cavei arc those of Bauraannshohle 
and Bielsh{)hle, close to Riibeland, about 130 feet 
above the bed of the Bode. The BaumannthShU 
consists of six large caves, 800 feet long; the great- 
est height being 33 feet. They are named from 
their discoverer Baumann, a miner, 1598. In 1842 
several new caves were discovered. One of the 
stalactite pillars in the third cave, called th6 
Klingende Saule is 8 feet high, and hollow in the 
inside. Bones of the great Cave Bear have been 
found here. The 5i6;«7<^We was discovered 1672; 
has 12 divisions, and is 850 feet long. 

Charge for seeing these caves, including the 
charge for lighting up, one, two, or three persons^ 
about 1 mark ; each person further, 40 pf . 

At Riibeland are veins of porphyry among the 
limestone and quartz rock. Riibeland to Elbinge- 
rode 8 miles. 

Elbingerode (Stat.), i" Hanover. 

Population, 2,300. 

noids. — Blauer Engel ; GoUlner Adlcr. Good 
trout and eel. 

A growing mining town, 1,600 feet above the 
sea, among mines and smelting v«rorks. 

Diligence to the Brocken in A\ hours. To 
Schierke in two and a half or three hours. 

Bothehlitte - Eooigshof (Stat). An iron 
foundry at the junction of the Warm and Cold 
Bode. Omnibus, in connection with the trains, to 
the top of the Brocken, via Elcnd and Schierke. 
The line is continued to TaxULO. 

Schierke^ a Prussian village, one of the highest 
inhabited places in the Harz, situated 1,720 feet 
above the sea, among rocks of a wild and fantastic 
character. This is the way up the Brocken de- 
scribed in Goethe's Faust. Here are the Vaupels- 
klippen, the Hulle, and the Fcuersteiusklippen, like 
a gigantic ruined fort. The Schnarcher is magnetic, 
and presents a fine view of the Brocken range. 

A carriage can be had from here for 12 marks; 
a horse or mule, 3 marks to 4$ marks. By high-road 
or footpath in two or three hours you reach the 
summit of the Roman Mons Bructerus, now called 

The Brocken, or Bl0Ck8l>erg, the highest spot 

of the Harz, 3,420 feet above sea level (Brockenhau^ 

Inn\ being a.f ew hundred feet above Snowdon. J% 

\ baa amooTy »uTlacfto\\,Wi\o\^^^l<i«<.VQ.<iiam^r, 



Boote S5.] 



HAND-BOOK TO QERMXSY. — THE UARZ, THE DROCKEX. 



87 



Qovereii with fraj^meuts of granite and masses of 
rock. Here rise the rivers Use, Qode, Holzemine, &c. 

The Witches' Spring, where the witches hold 
their Sabbath, on the eve of Mayday, or ,Waipur^s- 
nacht (the subject of one of Mendelssohn's finest 
pieces, founded on Goethe's Faust), is a perennial 
spring, arched over, near the Devil's Pulpit, the 
Witches' Altar, Witches' Dancing Place, and other 
granite peaks. To this spot Mephistophclcs leads 
Faust. The Snow Hole (Schneeloch), where the 
snow never melts, may bo visited with a guide. 

The vietB from the wooden tower, or Brocken- 
thnrm, 45 feet high, stretches over a circuit of more 
than 100 miles, and embraces 14 great and 800 
little towns and villages, forts and castles, &c., to 
T>e seen only at rare moments, when the air is free 
from fog and mist. In the immediate neighbour- 
hood are rarioas other heights, viz. -.—Towards 
the north lie the Scharfensteln, Moinekenberg, 
Gebersberg, and Renneckenlwrg. On the east, the 
Hohneklippcn, and Erdbeerkopf. To the south, 
the Barenberg, Great and Little Winterberg, the 
AchtermnnnshiSho, and the Konigsberg. On the 
west, the Black Tannenbcrg, and the Quitschenberg. 

Further In the distance is Petersbcrg, at Halle ; 
the Inselberg, In the Thuringiau Forest; the 
Kyffhnuser; the Wartburg, at Eisenach; Seeberg, 
at Gotha: the WllhclmshShe, at Cassel. 

More distant spots sometimes visible are. in the 
east, the heights of Brandenburg and the Kulm- 
berg, at Oschatz; in the north, Hanover; the 
Weser and Sauerlandische Gebirge in the west; 
and the upper Bh(me in the south. The rising and 
setting son, and a moonlight view, are here seen 
to great advantage. What is called the ''Brocken 
Spectre" (rarely seen) is nothing more than the 
magnified shadow of the spectator and the moun- 
tain thrown on the wall of fog as it rises from the 
valley below. This effect is sometimes witnessed 
on the Cumberland hills, on Etna in Sicily, and at 
other localities. The Inn at the top contains a 
saloon and aleeping rooms, but is often very full. 
Some rare plants and mosses grow here. Goethe 
wrote bis Harzreise in the winter of 1776. 

In descending from the Brocken to Ilseuburg (6 
to 7 miles), a good footpath, at the declivity of 
Patemosterberg, leads to the waterfalls of the lUe ; 
tb«ne« to Oie 



Ilsenitein^ a granite rocle 600 feet above the 
valley, of a granitic character, on which is an Iron 
Cross, erected by Count Stolberg to the memory of 
those who fell in the War of Deliverance, having a 
fine prospect. 

Dsenburg (Stat. ), in Prussia . 

Population, 3,030. 

Inn.— Drei RotLe Forellen (Three Red Trouts). 

A small mining place, 900 feet above sea level, 
in the Ilsothal, or Valley of the Use. Here ar« 
several foundries, and a collection of minerals at 
the house of the mining Commissioner, besides a 
bathing establishment. Walks to the Baumlers- 
klippc, a little off the road to the Brocken, with 
an excellent view of the valley. Carriages from 
here to the Brocken, 15 to 18 m.; horse, 8J m. Ilsen- 
burg to Neustadt-Harzburg is about 10 miles. 
Railway projected. Rail to Wernigerode, page 85. 

At Eckei'krug is an iini, at the entrance of the 
valley of the Ecker, which abounds ^ith ti-ouL 
Thence through the, SchimmerM-ald to 

Neustaclt-Haxzburg, or Harzbi]rg(Stat), in 

Brunswick, on the Brunswick and Harzburg line. 

Population, 4,620. 

Inns.— Ltihr's Hotel and Pension; Belle Vue. 
Coach to Usenburg 9^ miles, and to Braunlage 
(page 87) 15 miles, on the road to Andreasberg 
(page 89). It is four and a half hours' walk to the 
Brocken from Harzburg. 

A small town on the Radnu, the south part of 
which is called Schulenrode. In the neighbour- 
hood are the Juliushall salt springs and baths. The 
Burgberg (1,550 feet high) is a fine spot, and the site 
of a Saxon heathen temple which stood in the time of 
Charlemagne. Ruins of a castle of Emperor Henry 
IV. Canossa Monument to Prince Bismarck here. 
Should Harzburg Station be the starting point, the 
walk through the Harz will be as follows :- - 

First Day. — TO' Ilsenburg and the Ilsenstein, 
3| hours ; the Brocken, 3^ hours. 

Second Day. — To Schlerke and Elbingerod^, ^| 
hours ; KUbcland and Caves, ^ hours. 

Third Day. — Blankenburg and the Rosstrappe, 
8 hours; Stubenberg, 3 hours. 

Fourth Day. — Victorsliohe and Alexisbad, 8 
hours; Falkenstein and Ballenstedt, 6 hours. 



S8 



URADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. ?. 



Rail from Harzbnrg to 

Vienenburg (Stat.). Here a line runs to 
Oker, Ooalar, and OraullOf. From Goslar to 

Langelsheim, Neukmg, Seesen, and Hen- 
berg (pnge 89). At Langelsheim, a branch runs 

to Lautentlial, Wildemaxm, and Glausthal, 

about 20 miles from Vienenburg-. 

Oker (Stat.), or OCker, on the Ocker, 
among copper, brass, and vitriol works. The 
Ockerthal is one of the most striking valleys of 
the Upper Harz. Ascending it as far as Ziegen- 
rucken, there is a view of the Studentenklippe, 
the Romkerklippen, and other rocky masses. 

GOSLAR (Stat.), in Hanover, 7 miles from 
Neustadt-Harzburg, by road. 

Population, 14,000. 

Inns. — Kaiserworth (formerly the Draper's 
Guild); Hannover. 

An ancient free city and Hanse town, on the 
river Gose, under the Rammclsberg, about 900 feet 
above the sea. Its mediaeval walls remain; with 
the porch (Domkapelle) of the Cathedral, in the 
Romanesque style, now a museum; also a re- 
stored Gothic Palace of the Emperors, called the 
Kaiserpfalz; a Gothic market church ; and an old 
guild of the drapers, now the Kaiserworth Inn 
(as above). Good views from the Zwinger and 
Richenberg towers. There are silver, copper, and 
vitriol works here. The Mining Council of the Harz 
meets in the town. Lampe, the shoemaker, here 
used to do '* miracles " with his decoctions. Here 
Wordsworth, residing with his sister in the winter 
of 1798-9, wrote several of his early pieces. The 
Rathhans was built by the Emperor Lothair in 1184, 
and has a good collection of curiosities. 

In the neighbourhood are the Ncustadt salt- 
springs; the Steinbe^ (carriage, 7 J m.; mule, 
1 m.); the Sudmerberg, with an old watch tower; 
the Clus, or Clause on Petersberg, with fine 
grounds and a chapel excavated in the sandstone. 
The mines of the 

Raminelsberg, (2,040 ft.X which formerly sup- 
plied quantities of lead, copper, zinc, silver, vitriol, 
sulphur, aluQif Ac, worked as early as 974, can 
be visited every day except Sundays. They are 
accessible even for ladies, and are very interesting. 
JSTtv/i g'oJd, In gmal) quantMeB, is found. Entrance, 
// mark for one person. 



From Goslar to the Brocken is about 80 miles; 
to Clansthal, 12 or 13 miles. The road to the 
latter passes 

Zellerfeld (Stat.). 

Population, 4,600. 

Inn. — Deutsches Haus. 

A mining town, with a collection of minerals 
and a library. It is separated from Clausthal by 
the river Zellbach. 

CLAUSTHAL (Stat.), in Hanover. 

Population, 16,000 with Zellerfeld. 
Inn. — Goldene Krone ; Stadt London. 
DiLiGENCB to Osterode (the nearest station on the 
South) in \\ hour; to Elblngerodc ; and to Goslar. 

The capital of the mining towns of the Upper 
Harz, on a bleak plain, 1,810 feet above sea level. 
Most of the houses and buildings are of wood. 
The streets are broad, and planted with chesnut 
and other trees. It contains two Churches; a 
Mining Academy (Bergschule), with a collection 
of minerals, coins, and models. Silver, lead, and 
copper are worked in the mines, by water power, 
supplied from artificial reservoirs ; the most pro- 
ductive being the Karolina and Dorothea mines, 
160 to 200 fathoms deep. The population consists 
almost entirely of miners. 

The best view of Clausthal and Zellerfeld is 
from the Bremerh5he, behind the Goldene Krone 
Hotel, where may still be seen the traces of an 
entrenchment made by Tilly. To the west are 
Frankenscbamer Silberhiitte, a large silver-smelt- 
ing foundry; and the mining towns of Grund,. 
Wildemann, and Lautentbal, on the raUway 
from Langelsheim to Clausthal, see above. 

A carriage road leads from Clausthal to the 
Brocken. It passes the Sperberheyer Damin, an 
aqueduct 60 feet high, and over the Bruckberg. 
past the Oder Teich to Konigskrug, an inn at the 
foot of Achtermannshcihe. 

A little further is Braunlage (page 87), about 
20 miles from Clausthal, a town on the Warm Bode, 
with glass works and blue dye works. Thence, by 
Elend, to the Brocken. At the Sperberheyer 
Damm, above mentioned, a road turns off to 

Altenau. 

A small mining town^ producing silver, load 
and Irow. At Hv\UftTv>a«T^ \* \o\\\\<i^ \\v^ ^«\|^\- 



Kottte 25.] 



HAKD-BOOK TO G£RHAKT. — tHU HAR2. 



d4 



eisenstein, a rock so called because it acts npon 
the magnetic needle. 

From Clausthal it is 9 miles (diligence) to 

Osterode (8tat.>, which may also be reached 
vid Lerbach, in a valley under the Karbe hill. It 
stands on the rail from Nnrdhaiisen to Seescn (see 
Route 26, for this and the following stations). 

POPULATIOX, 6.800. 

iTo^eff.— Englischer Hof ; Krone. 

An old town on the SSse, with wool and cotton 
manufactures, and large g^ranaries at the Johannis- 
thor, where com is sold to the miners at a small 
fixed price, especially in times of scarcity. 

In the Markt, or Aegidienkirche, is a monument 
of the Dukes of Brunswick. Near the town is 
Scheerenberg, with its manufactures of white lead, 
verdigrris, and small shot. 

Diligence to Clausthal. 

From Osterode it is about eight miles to 

Heriberg (8tat.)yin Hanover; not to be con- 
founded with the Neustadt-Harzburg (see page 87). 

Population, 8,480. 

/n».— Weisses Ross (White Horse). 

A town on the Sieber; with a Castle In which 
the first Elector of Hanover was bom, and his son. 
King George I. of England, was baptised. 

In the Bartholomaikirche are some family 
monuments. 

There is a road hence to the Junction of the 
beautiful valleys of the SSse and Sieber, past the 
KnoUeuberg, and the town of Andreasberg and 
thence on to the Brocken. Junction of the line 
to Northeim (page 80). 

From Henberg the rail leads past Scharzfeld 
and the Kttnigsbtttte foundries, to 

Lautmwrff (Stat.), in Hanover. 

FoPULATiosr, 8,900. /nn.— Krone. 

A pleasant town on the Oder, among mines of 
coal and iron, with a Water Cure, Just beyond 
the Hansberg; which, as well as the Engelthalskopf 
and Ahrensberg, affords a fine distant view of the 
south-east part of the Harz, and of the Ooldene 
Ane (Golden Valley). A road from here leads to 
Andreasberg; another leads up the beautiful Oder- 
Thai. The line Is continued to 

i^ndlMJlbOXtirt ^^ ^^' Andrew's Hill, in Prus- 
sian Hanover. 

POFVLATIOJft 9,600, 

4^Ms.—RMtb8keneri 9chHtzeuha\\%. 



The second mining town after Clausthal, on a^ 
slaty height, 1,820 feet above sea level. The Minet 
have been worked since the thirteenth century, 
and produce silver, lead, copper, cobalt, arsenic, 
and other minerals. In 1728 a lump of silver 
weighing 80 lbs. was found here, and was after- 
j wards stolen from the Gottingen Museum. The 
shaft of the Great Samson Mine is 400 fathoms 
deep ; the machinery is worked by water power 
derived from the reservoir under the Brocken. 
The road from here to Elbingerode passes Braun- 
lage and Elend. Diligence daily. 

Tettenbom (Stat), 9 miles from Herzberg, 
is the station for 

Sachsa, a small Prassian town, among iron 
forges ; near the Rumerstein, a mass of dolomite 
rock having a castellated appearance. 

Thence pass Sachsenstein, and a rugged wall ot 
g3rpsum rocks, to 

Walkenrled (Stat.), in Brunswick. 

/nil.— Goldener Lowe (Golden Lion). 

A town on the Wieda, with an old conventual 
Church, near some Abbey ruins. 

From hence you can go by a ridge, past Zorge 
Hohcgeiss, 1,900 feet above the sea, Bennecken- 
stebi and Tanne, to Elend and so on, to the Brocken. 

About three miles from Walkenricd lies 

BUrich (Stat.) 

7nn.— Schwarzer Adicr. 

A small Prussian town in the beautiful valley 
of the Zorge, with 8,000 inhabitants. Diligence 
to Harzburg, by Braunlage, and to Wemigerodc. 
A pedestrian excursion may be made to Ilfeld, 
past 

Wema, where is the KelU Cave, 80 feet high 
at the entrance, 155 feet inside, and 800 feet long. 

Passing Appenrode, you arrive at 

nfeld. 

Jnn. -Goldene Krone. 
i A town in the beautiful Behrc Thai, 3 miles from 
i Niedersachswerfen station. North of the town is 
the Nadelohr (Needle's Eye), a perforated rock. 
A road leads from here by Ratheohiitte and 
Beneckenstein to the Brocken. At 8 miles from 
Ilfeld is 
Jfeu«tadl-llohi\%l«in^>0«v^\w^%\.^\ *i^ s^sR:'c«^»s*^ 



90 



HHAPSHAW 8 ILLCSTRaTKD 



[See. 1 



BtOlberg. 

Hotels. — Freytag; Eberardt. 

This picturesqae little place is noted fur gouU 
sausages and larks, and for its clndtybeate springs. 

A Prussian town in the valley of the Tiira, the 
seat of the Counts Stolberg. At their Castle is a 
collection of arms, library of ^,000 volumes, 
portrait of the poet Leopold von Stolberg. ^d a 
statue of Krodo, a pagan idol, with an altar-piece 
by L. Cranach. in the Chi4>el. Here are paper and 
I>owder mills. 

MUnzcr or Munster, the leader of the Peftsaats* 
War in the sixteenth century, was bom here. 

Stolberg is now (1889) easily accessible by rail 
from Rossla (sec page 92), in about three-quarters 
of an hour. 

Diligence from hence to Harzgcrode and to 
Alexisbad, 13^ miles. 

On the way to Harzgcrode we pass Joteph$hShe^ 
on the top of the Auerherg, a cone 1,980 feet high. 
Pedestrians should turn aside and climb this 
height. At the summit is a tower built by Count 
Stolberg, with an extensive view. 

Harzgerode (Stat.). 

POPCLATION, 2,400. 

Inn. — Weisses Ross (White Horse). 

An old town of Anhalt Bcrnburg, in the Selke- 
thal, with a Castle, now used as a forest and 
minhig court. The Stadtkirche contains graves of 
some of the family of Anhalt Bcrnburg, one of the 
most ancient in Germany. 

The town walls and pavement are made of 
marble found in the neighbourhood. Lead and 
silver are also worked at the Victor-Friedrichs 
Silver works, the PlaiTen, and other mines. 

The journey from here to the Brocken is byway 
of GUntersberge, Stiege, Hosselfelde, and Elend. 
Rail to Alexisbad and Gernrode. 

Alexisbad, ^vith two hotels and a pension. 
Here arc iron and sulphur springs, which are used 
after severe illnesses, Ac. There are many good 
walks around, the country being exceedingly pic- 
turesque. Living here is reasonable. Rail to 
Q'dntersbei'ge ajid Ucutelftlde. 

The Valley of the Selke (Scike Thai), the moit 

p/easa/jt among the Han ranges, begins near 

'f^atodt {pagre 91), and nui8 past the MUgde- 



sprung iron- works, and the small t9wn . of 
( • Uuteniberjfe. Near the former is an eiuinenc^ 
crowned by a colossal Obelisk of cast iron, erected 
by the Duke of Anhalt-Bembnrg, to the memory 
of his father. 1813. There is also a mineral collec- 
tion. On the Magdetrappe Hill are footprints said 
to 1)0 the marks left by a Huuuish giantess, 206 
feet distant from each other. Close by is a cast- 
iron Cross, erected by Princess Frederick of 
Prussia, to her father. 

Farther up the river, at the top of the Mcisc- 
berg, is the hunting seat of the Duke of Anhalt- 
Bemburg, with a fine view as far as the Brocken. 
On the opposite bank of the river is tlie Hausberg, 
on which are the ruins of the family castle of th« 
Anhalt princes. 

From Alexisbad it is 2 miles to 

Victorshohe, on the Ramberg, which has an open 
wooden tower, with 104 steps, erected 1829, by 
Duke Alexius. Refreshments can be procured, 
and horses baited. From this there is a fine view 
of 20 miles round, including the Brocken, Mi^e- 
burg, Halle, &c. 

The Ratnberg, the highest spot in the Lower 
Harz, consists, like the Brocken, of granite, 
strewed with loose fragments, one of which is 
called the DevU's MUl (TeufelsmUble). 

From the Ramberg, a road leads past the little 
waterfall, at Saalsteine, to the Stulnmberg, a fine 
point of view, 860 feet high, near 

Gernrode (Stat.), a small town of Anbalt- 
Bemburg, in a romantic spot. Rail from Quedlin- 
burg (page 84) and to Harzgerode (above). 

Population, 2,450. Hotel. — Deutsches Haus. 

The ancient Romanesque Church, erected 960!, by 
the Margrave Oero of Lusatia, is well iHreserred. It 
has choirs at both ends, and a monument of the 
founder, erected 1645. Close to this is 

Suderode, a village at the foot of Diisterberg, 
near the Beringer Bad— a salt bath, much used by 
women and children for scrofula and consnmptloa. 
It has a Curhaus and hotels. 

Farther on the same road is the pretty viUng* of 

Steckleilbdrg, with picturesque ruins, in the 
Worm Thai. 

Still further, past the Foeten Steige (Poets' 
ladder), is 



Koat|3 26.] 



UAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — BALLENSTBDT, EISLEBKN. 



91 



raent, opened 1836, which partly receives its water 
from the Hnbertnsbmnnen. 

Prom Gemrode, by the Qaedlinbnrg-Aschers- 
leben Rail, or on foot ; past the village of Reider, 
over a good stone bridge, to 

Ballenstedt (Stat.) or BallenstUdt, on the 
briinch to Aschersloben, &c., in Anhalt-Beniburg. 

POFULATION, 4,760. 

Inn. — Sladt Bemburg. 

Rail to Quedlinburg (page 84), four times a day. 

An old walled town, on a hill side, over the 
Geitel, joined by a new street, one mile long, to 
the hill on which stands the ancient Palace of the 
Dukes of Anhalt-Bembnrg, commanding a fine 
view of the Harz and Brocken. It contains a good 
collection of paintings, by Vandyk, Rembrandt, and 
other Dutch masters ; a library of 8,000 volumes ; 
cabinets of coins and minerals. Annexed to it are 
oi chapel, theatre, riding-house, a hunting box 
called the La Muette, a park of fallow deer, and a 
brewery noted for " Ballenstedter La^erbier." 

In the environs are the Ziegenberg; and the 
Zehling Faisanerie, on the way to Quedlinburg, 
near which the Teufelmauor range ends. Hence to 

Opperode> at the foot of the Stahlsberg, and 
thence on to 

MelBdorf, in the Selke-Thal, which belongs to 
the Counts Von der Asseburg ; then over the steep 
Liingensteige to 

Falkenstein, an old fortress, in the Selke-Thal, 
4^ miles from Ballenstedt, on a rock 1,080 feet above 
the sea. It is restored, and commands from the 
donjon tower a fine view of tfie valley, &c. Here 
is L. Granach's portrait of the Elector John 
Frederick of ^axony. 

From Ballenstedt the road may be taken, past 
Ilarkerode, Walbeck Castle, and the Hettstadt 
silver works, to Leimbach on the Wipper, and 

M9Jl9feld (Stafi.), m Saxony. 

Population, 2,110. 

ynn.— 3tadt Keller. 

A small Prussian mining town, where Luther's 
father, John Luthei*, was a copper miner, and 
LvUhet* himself was educated in the parish school; 
which hM an inscription upon it. There is 
Another on the ffoute in which he lived ("J. L. 
IMO"). \ 



The i-uined Castle of the Counts of Mansfeld. 
on the Lindberg, was taken seven times in the 
Thirty Years' War. Luther often preached in the 
castle Chapel ; which has an altar-pieee, by Lucas 
Cranach, and a Bible carved in wood by a 
shepherd. Part of the castle was rebuilt, 1860. 

From Halberstadt, or Quedlinburg, the following 
route is recommended for the Selke-Thal: Quedlin- 
burg, Stecklenburg, Gernrode, Stubcnberg, Ballen- 
stedt, Meisdorf, Falkenstcin, up the Selke-Thal, by 
Magdesprung to Alexisbad, and Harzgerode, Vic- 
torshShc, Friedrichsbrunn, Tanzplatz, Rosstrappe, 
Bodethal, &c. Rail may be taken from either 
Halberstadt or Quedlinburg to Ballenstedt. 

liOTJTE se. 

Halle to Eisleben, Nordliausen, Erfurt, the 
Harz, and CasseL 

By rail from Halle in 4i hours (exp.), or 6 J hours 
(ordinary); the stations are as under;— 



Halle to Miles. 

Oberoblingen 17 

Eisleben 23| 

Riestadt 32 

Sangerhausen 37 

Wallhausen..- 4U 

Rossla 4?! 

Heringen 55^ 

Nordhausen 60* 

[Brandies to Nort- 
heim (as below) and 
to Erfurt, 44 miles, 
by Sondcrshausen.l 
Wolkramshansen ',.. 65^ 

Bleicherode 72 

Gernrode 83 

Leinefeldo 87 



[^Branch to Gotha. 
see Route 29]. 

Hciligenstadt 974 

Ai-enhauscn 104| 

Eichenberg — 

[Branch to Qotting^n] 

Miinden , — 

Hedemiindcn — 

Cassel 136 

From Nordhausen (as 
above) to Northeim and 
Seesen, as follows : (vi'd 
Hannoversche Eisen- 
bahn). 

Herzberg 26i 

[Branch to Seesen, 
20 miles.] 

Catlenburg 87} 

Northeim 43 

Halle, as in Route 16. From here 23f miles to 

Eisleben (Stat.), in Saxony. 

Population, 23,908. 

/nn*.— Goldncs Schiff ; Anker. 

The birth-place of Luther, and an old mining 
town, on a hill over the river Biise, near two lakes. 
It was the chief place of the Counts of Mansfeld; 
being walled round, and having modem fi)iburbs 
outside the seven gates. There is a mining school 
here. . In the uel^hbcyosVv*;^^ %:^<^ ^i^^^vix -vsiL^ nS^c^^^ 



93 



bRADgfiAW's iLLtJSTSATlil) 



tSee. i. 



Luther's ffouMe^ in which he was born, the son 
of a miner, 10th November, 148S, and in which he 
died 18th February, 1546, was bnmt down 1689: 
bat on its site was erected, 31st October, 1698, a 
building now used as a Poorhouse and School, 
and which was enlarged at the Reformation 
Jubilee of 1817. Here are various mementoes, 
such as his writing-table (so called), with a jJor- 
trait carved on it ; his wedding ring, cloak, and 
cap; an engraved portrait, and stained portraits 
of him and Melancthon, in the window. A panel 
portrait hean a Latin distich, dated 1594 (Pestis 
eram vivens, moriens ero mors tua, Papa), founded 
on his saying that he would be the " plague of the 
Pope while alive, and the death of him after- 
wards." The Reformer's bust is over the door, 
with the famous rhyme— 

GottM Wort ist Luther's Lehr. 
Dnun vergeht tie nlioinemMhr. 
The Word of God Is Lather's lore. 
Which therefore stands for evermore. 

In the Peter-Paul-kirche (St. Peter and Paul) is 
the font at which Luther was baptised. 

The Andreeu-kitxhe (St. Andrew's) contains tombs 
of the Counts of Mansfeld, with busts of Luther 
and Melanchthon; also the Pulpit from which 
Luther preached, and from which special sermons 
are preached on the anniversaries of his birth and 
death. Though he died here, he was buried at 
Wittenberg. Statue, unveiled 1883. 

Near at hand is HettstUdt, a small mining town, 
6 miles from which is Mansfeld Castle, the old 
seat of the Counts of Mansfeld. See Route 25. 

SangerhauBen (Stat) 

PoPULATU^N, 11,000. /nn.— L8we. 

A manufacturing town at the end of the 
Goldene Aue, or Valley of the Helme, with many 
peat bogs and copper mines in the neighbourhood. 
A branch runs to Erfurt, vid Artem,' where Goethe's 
family, who were blacksmiths, came from. 

The Ulrichskirche, built by Ludwig the Springer, 
to commemorate his escape from Giebichenstein 
Castle, contains his tomb. Close to 

ROBBla (Stat.) is A Castle of Count Stolbcrg; 

and near it, on the Kuffh&user Hill, 1,400 feet high, 

is the ruined tower beneath which the Emperor 

Trede/ick 1., it is said, sits enchanted, at a stone 

raMe, with JUa red beard (from which, he was sur- 

^ ^^frdartma) growing tbrongh it; waiting 



until Germany resumes her ancient glory. It 
is bannted by liim and his Queen Holle. Here 
the people search for gold, and the ** Wunder 
Blume" (miraculous flower). On another height 
are the ruins of a straggling pile, one quarter mile 
long, overlooking the Golden Mead, built by 
Henry IV. Rail to Stolberg, page 90. 

Nordliaiueil (Stat.), in Prussian Saxony. 

Population, 26,852. 

ffotelt.—RQmiache Kaiser; Englischer Hof ; Ber- 
liner Hof ; Deutsches Haus. 

Railways. — To Erfurt, Leipsic, Berlin, Ac. 

An old imperial city, which came to Prussia, 
1802; at the head of the Gulden Valley, at the foot 
of the Harz Mountains, on the River Zorge. It 
consists of an Upper and Lower Town; and has 
large brandy distilleries and breweries, witli 
manufactures of oil-cake, chicor>', and a good 
trade in com, &c. 

Near the Town Hall is a Rolands-Saule. 

In St. Blasienkirche are L. Cranach's paintings 
of the Burial of the Toung Man of Nain, and the 
Ecce Homo. Here F. A. Wolffs the great scholar, 
went to school under Hake. He was bom at Hain- 
rode, a neighbouring village. Within a few miles 
are the Geiersberg, and the Kohnstein, with a 
limestone grotto; the ruins of Hohenstein Castle 
commanding a fine view; the Ebersberg, and other 
points of interest. 

[SondarshailBen (Stat.), on the line from 
Nordhausen to Erfurt. 

Population, 6,684. /nn*.— MSnch ; Tanne. 

Capital of the little Principality of Schwarxburg- 
Sondershausen, in the pretty valley of the Wipper, 
under the GBIdner and Possen Hills; with a 
Theatre, &c. At the Castle of the reigning Prince 
is a cabinet of natural history, and a museum of 
antiquities, Ac. The Principality includes Am- 
Btadt (population, 12,818), and covers about 850 
square miles.] 

From Nordhausen to Cassel is 69 miles. At 
Leinefelde is the junction for Gotha, see Route 
29. The only place of interest is 

Heillgenstadt (Stat.), 33 miles from Cassel. 

Population, 5,400. Inn. — Preusslscher Hof. 

A small town, formerly the capital of the Princi- 
pality oll&lcYk%te\A,'wM\i«kC«k%X\^«.xA^\\ft waterfalls. 



KoUte 27%] HAKD'BOOK TO GERMAN Y.—-XORDUAU SEN, DESSAU. 



93 



HOXJXB ST. 

Berlin to Wittenberg, Deasan, Ctf then, 
Bembnrg, Magdelmrg. 

The connection between the places on this Route 

with each other and with Halle and Leipsic is 

made by the following lines of rail : — 

English 

ndles. 

Dessau SS 



English 
1. Wittenberg iidles. 

Coswig 8 

Klicken IH 

Rosslan 18| 

[Branch to 
Zerbst 36i] 



{Braneh to 

Jessnitz 88 

Bitterfeld 87] 

C»then 85 



3. Mi^deburg, Stassf urt, CStben, Bembnrg, Halle, 

and Leipsie. 
English 



Magdeburg to miles. 
SchSnebeck 9| 

[Branch to Stassf urt] 

Gnadan 13i 

Calbe on the Saale. 17 
CSthen 81 



English 
[Breuich to miles. 

Bendorf 6 

Bemburg 12|] 

Stumsdorf 401 

Halle 58 

Schkeuditz 65 

Leipsic 72f 

Berlin to Wittenberg, as in Route 16. Then 
CoaWig(Btat) Populatiok, 2,800. 
A very old town in the Duchy of Anhalt. 

The Ducal Castle, rebuilt 1677, is close to the Elbe. 

The Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas is an old 

plain building. There are larg^ breweries and a 

synagogue. 

BoMlan (Stat.) 

In the Duchy of Anhalt, at the junction of the 
Rossla with the Elbe. Not far from the little 
Ducal Castle are the remains of the old fort. There 
are breweries, paper and other mills, on the Rossla. 
The railway is carried over the Elbe by a good 
bridge, 740 feet long. 

DEB8AU (Stat) 

POPULATIOV, 84,658. 

HoTBLfl. — OoldenerBeutel; Hirsch. 

Chief town and seat of the Dukedom of Anhalt, 
on the river Mulde, near the Elbe; built in a 
fertile and beautiful spot. 

It is divided into the Old and New Town (Alt- 
stadt and Neustadt), and has four suburbs, of 
whleb one, <m the opposite bank of the Mulde, is con- 
nected with the town by a stone bridge ; another is 
called the Sand. The town contains seven squares. 
The beet ttnet Is Cumlier Stntse. 

n0 ScbJo§§klrcbe of 8t. Mary, bnilt at the b« 



ginning of the sixteenth century, has the tomb of the 
ducal family. Among the pictures is L. Cranach's 
famous one of the Last Supper, with portraits of 
the leaders of the Reformation, Luther, Melanch- 
thon, &c 

Close to the church is the ResidemScMossipaiAce) 
which stands in a beautiful park, and contains a 
picture gallery, with 600 works by the Italian and 
Dutch masters, the latter valuable; also a collec- 
tion of coins, relics, Ac, in the room called the 
Gypskammer. Among other curiosities are the 
sword and stick of *'Der Alte Dessauer,'' the popu- 
lar Prince Leopold; with Napoleon's silver cup, 
&c., taken at Waterloo. Trinkgeld, 2 m. 

The Ducal Riding School is adorned with twenty- 
two high reliefs, by Dolls, relating to the history 
of horsemanship. Statues of Prince Leopold, and 
his son Leopold Francis, on the parade, where the 
band plays daily the favourite Dessau March. 
The Franz School is an excellent school for Jews, 
to which is joined a seminary for the education of 
Jewish teachers. 

The Amaliensti/tung, or Almshouse, was insti- 
tuted by the daughters of Prince Leopold, for 
poor old women. Open daily. It is divided into 
three departments, and has a library and collection 
of models. In the upper storey are seven hundred 
oil paintings, mostly by old German and Dutch 
masters. The Louisa School of industry is a useful 
institution There is an excellent ducal librar>', 
40,000 vols. The public Cemetery is one of the 
finest in Germany. Here the famous false Mar- 
grrave Waldemar is buried. 

In the Ascanische-strasse was bom Moses 
Mendelssohn, the learned grandfather of the great 
musician, whose father used to say :— When I was 
young, I was known as the son of the great 
philosopher; now I am grown ap, I am called the 
father of the famous composer. 
In the neighbourhood are several ducal villas ; as 

The Oeorgenhaus., and its handsome park, not 
shown to strangers ; the Kiihnau, on a small lake, 
2 miles beyond the Gcorgengarteu; Oranienbanm, 
8 miles from Dessau, by diligence ; the Luisium 
Castle and Park ; the Sieglitzer Berg, having &«Emd. 
view O-vw \.Ykft"^Vo^TkftKC vcw<c^*Cfi»t ^^saSJ^-ojssKwsssasBfi^ 
'W^tVLU^ ^ ^V\** Vt««^ \>«»»»^ •»• -oKsw^^ 

Co*w\s, ^\iwiww\w^ VX^^^^^^^^^^^"^ 



94 



BRAD8HAW 8 ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 2. 



over the Elbe. A short walk leuda to the Ducal 
Castle and Park, with Oardem laid out in the 
modem stylo. There is a fine natural lake, 
with some other objects — as the Gothic House, 
Labyrinth, Nymphaum, Temple of Flora, Temple 
of Venus, Wood of Diana, the Grottoes of Vulcan 
and Neptune. The Gothic House (1 to 3 marks) 
contains some valuable and unique early German 
paintings. The g^ardens require three hours. 
Guide from the inn, 1 mark. The Duchy includes 
Cothon and Bemburg, and has salt works at 
Leopoldshall and Stassf urt. 

COTHEN (Stat.), 
At the junction of the Magdeburg, Berlin, Bern- 
burg, and Leipzig lines. 
POPULATIOK, 18,000. 
Hotel. — Prlna von Preussen. 
Notice the Reformed Church of St. James, in the 
Market place; the Lutheran Church of St. Agnes ; 
and the former Ducal Castle, surrounded by a moat, 
which has three towers all alike, and a good col- 
lection of coins and antiquities, also Naumann*s 
collection of ornithology. In the Stadtkirche is a 
font by Thorwaldscn. 

Onadau (Stat.) A Moravian colony, three 
miles from Magdeburg, built, as usual, in the form of 
a square. Before reaching here the rail crosses 
the Saale, by a bridge, 1,477 feet long. 

Scll5nebeok (Stat.), on the Elbe, near large 
chemical works. In the neighbourhood, at OroSB- 
Salze, are baths for the cure of scrofula ; and salt 
works. These two places, with FroliSe, form a 
triangular town, and were founded by Frederick 
the Great, 1772. Branch line of 30 miles from 
SchSnebeck to Bliimenberg, Egeln, and stass- 
fnrt, among salt works. SchSnebeck to Magde- 
burg (page 19X 9^ miles. 

From Cothen Station a branch rail turns off 
to Blendorf and Aschafifenburg, passing 
BERNBUBO (Stat.), in Anhalt. 
Population, 28,826. 
Hotel. — Goldene Kugrel. 
This town, on the Saale, was the capital of the now 
Extinct DucTiy of Anhalt-Bembnrg; consisting of 
^0/€f and Ifew Town, wMedln, and Joined to tlid 
^^^,^ntMf^htban1cotthiiTiy%r, byaatone 



Porcelain and paper arc made. The Ducal Cattle 
is an old building of the fifteenth century, with a 
tall Keep surmounting the hill on which it stands, 
overlooking the town. It has a theatre, riding 
house, orangery, &c. The family monuments are 
in the Marien-kirche, of the fifteenth century. 
This little duchy lies between the rivers Saale and 
Elbe and the Ilnrz mountains. 

At Stumsdorf (Stat.), the first station from 
Cothen, twelve miles from Halle, the hill of Peters- 
berg is seen rising on the right, 1,380 feet high, with 
fragments of a convent ; also the ruined castle of 
Giebichenstein, an old state prison, on a rock 100 
feet high, where the Landgrrave LOuis of Thiiringen 
escaped from captivity, by jumping through a 
window. From this event he i s called • ' Ludwig der 
Springer.*' From Stumsdorf to Halle (page 64). 



Elsenacli to Coburg, Soxmeberg, and 

LlClltenfelB (Werra Eiseubahn— a part of the 
Thuringian Railway System). 

Stations as follow:-^ 



Miles. 
Themar gi 

Hildburghausen ... 58; 

Eisfeld 68 

Coburg 82 

[Braneh to 

Oeslau il 

Neustadt 9| 

Sonnoberg ... 18J 

Ebersdorf 8^ 

Lichtenfels 95 



Miles. 
Eisenach to 

Marksuhl 8| 

Salzungen 17 

Immclbom 20 

Wemshausen 2o^ 

IBr&vchto Schmalkaldcn] 

Wasungen 30J 

Walldorf 84^ 

Meiningen 88 

[Braneh to Kissingen.] 
Grimmenthal 42^ 

This line ascends the deep valley of the Werra, 
on the borders of the Thuringian Forest. 

Eisenacll (8tat.), as in Route 16. 
Hence past the Wartburg to 
Salzungen (Stat.), and its mineral springs. 
Immelbom (Stat.) ; from which there is i^ 
short branch Hue to 

LIEBENSTEIN, in Saxe-Mehiingen. 

Population, 1,000. 

Hotels.— Kurhaus; Belle vue; Hotel MUtler. 

A small batliing-place, in a fine part of the' moun^' 
tafns oi th« ThiWngian J'orest; with Bprtn^i 
resembling tYkO«e 6t '&ynfi.oT£i;\>u\. cAitil«&s&svttaorfl 
iron. There \e*bM\d«xmfc'B«.>^-\iQf^*fe>x^\\feL^«k«t 



ftoute 28.] HAND-BOOK TO OBRMANY. — BERNBURG, MEININGEN. 



95 



Core, dancing and dining rooms, theatre, and the 
Ffirstenhans, where there is a fine garden. Froe- 
bcl, th(B iiiTcntor of the Kindergarten for children, 
lived at Liebenstein. Excursions can be made to the 
Burg Liebenstein, the old seat of the Saxe-Meiningen 
family, on a fine point of view ; to the Erdfall and 
its grotto, in which 1,600 persons can be accom- 
modated ; to the grotto at Gliicksbmnnen, about 
600 feet long ; to AUenstein Castle; and to the 

1. Inselberg, one of the highest points of the 
Thtiringer Wald (Forest of Thuringia), 8,060 feet 
above sea. It can be reached in a walk of about 
nine miles, by the Thiiringerthal, or by the 
Trusenthal, along the course of the Truse. At the 
top a bed can be got at two small but very com- 
fortable inns. It is generally visited in the after- 
noon. It stands on the old Rennsteig or Ramsteig 
road, which runs along the ridge and is the 
boundary of Saxe-Gotha and Prussia, as it was 
formerly of Francouia and Thuringia. The View 
takes in about 160 places and peaks, including the 
Schneekopf, Beerberg, and Hohberg Hills, the 
Harz, Gotha, Eisenach and the Wartburg, Erfurt, 
and the Drel Gleichen, <fec. There are numerous 
fine walks in other directions from the Inselberg. 

2. Alterute^ a summer castle belonging to the 
Duke of Meiningen, in a fine situation. The 
Teufelsbrficke, a chain suspension bridge near it, 
has a good prospect of the Werrathal. The Gothic 
Ritterkapelle contains some painted glass, besides 
drums, helmets, shields, &c. Not far from it is a 
crucifix, on the spot where St. Boniface is said to 
have preached; also Luthersbrunnen (Luther's 
WeU), with a pillar close to the site of Luther's 
Buche^ or Beech tree, where he was surprised by 
the Elector's men in masks, and carried off to the 
Wartburg. The Gerberstein, in this part of the 
Thuringian Forest, is a granite peak, 2,200 feet 
above the sea, with a splendid view. 

On the way from Immelboni to Liebenstein 
you pass 

Baxdlfeld, a small town in a beautiful valley, 
on the Werra, near the railway, with a Castle of 
the Landgrave of Hesse Phillppsthal. 

PO^ITLATIOV, 1,500. 

Weta^Mnten (Btat,) Ahonn wenty minutes 
by Milttom here ia 



SCHMALXALDEN (Stat.) in Prussia; formerly 
in Hossc-Cassel. The rail was opened to this 
place in 1874. 

Population, 6,500. 

Inns. — ^Adler; Krone, in the Market Place. 

A very ancient town, with old walls, and many 
wooden houses, at the junction of tfa« Stille and 
Schmalkalde, among iron and saltmines. Here are 
the old Wilhelmsburg and Hessenhof Castles, and 
a Gothic church. At the Crown Inn the famous 
Protestant L€€igueofSchmalk(tldwa,9signed 1531, and 
promulgated in 1537, after several, meetings held 
here. A painted window has portraits of Prljirces 
who were present. The articles were drawn up \ry '. 
Melanchthon, Luther, and others, in the Sannersche 
Hans, near the Castle. Iron and steel goods, arms, 
buttons, meerschaums, stockings, «fec.,aremade here, 
and in the neighbourhood. The estates round this 
town, forfeited by the late Elector of Hesse-Cassel, 
have been given by the King of Prussia to the 
Duke of Saxe-Coburg, a great supporter of North 
German supremacy. From Schmalkalden lines to 
Floh Sellgenthal, and to Zella St. Blasii. 

Wafllingen (Stat.), on the Werra; another 
old place, with a Castle, long the residence of the 
Counts of Henneberg, the founders of the line of 
Saxe-Coburg. Much tobacco is cultivated. 

Just past Walldorf (Stat ) is the fine (restored) 
castleof Landsberg^ on a conical hill, 1,260 feet high. 

MEININQEN (Stat.), in Saxe-Meiningen. 

Population, 12,029, many Jews. 

Inms.— Sachsischer Hof ; Hirsch. 

The capital of the Duchy of Meiningen and the 
ducal residence, in a fine valley, on the Werra, 
about 900 feet above sea level. The town was 
half destroyed by a fire in 1874. The streets are 
broad and straight, and watered by the river, 
which divides into several arms. The Palace or 
Elizabethsburg is a handsome pile, about 500 feet 
long, with two wings. It contains a gallery of 
Italian and Dutch masters, collections of natural 
history, coins, a library of 20,000 volumes, and the 
Henneberg archives; with a chapel In the fin« 
Park or English Garden with Its ^voicDfi^oAJ^'^N 



96 



BRADSUAW'g 1LLU8TBATED 



[Sec. 2. 



A charming walk leads to the Landtberg^ (see 
under Walldorf, page 96), with some interesting- 
collections, frescoes, Ac. It overlooks the Werra. 
and the ThUringer Wald. Excursion to the Dolmar, 
a basaltic mountain, with grand views of the 
1 httringer Wald. 

Rail from Meiningen, through Ebenhausen and 
Kisslogen to Schweinfurt, pages 170 and 171. 
Themar (8tat.X Branch to Schleusingen. 

HILDBUROHAUBEN (Stat.), in Saxe- 
Meiningen. 

Population, 6,000. 

IHS8. — Englischer Uuf ; S&chsischcs Haus 

Formerly the seat of the Principality of Saxe- 
Hildburghausen, founded by Ernest, the son of 
Ernest the Pious, and annexed to Saxe-Meiningen 
in 1826. It consists of an Old and New Town, 
1,235 feet above sea level , and has an old Castle. 

Elsfeld (Stat.) 

Population, 5,456. Inn.— Post. 

A small town on the Werra, noted for its beer. 
The watch tower of the old Castle is as many yards 
high as it is round. The Church contains a monu- 
ment to Justus Jonas, the contemporary of Luther, 
who died here. 

Short line, Hi miles, to Untenieabrunn, in the 
ThUringer Wald. 

The remarkable basaltic rocks of the Glcich- 
borgc form a prominent feature on the road to 
COBVRO (Stat.) 

The capital of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, near Rosenau, 
the birthplace of the late Prince Consort. 

Population, 17,106. 

Hotels.— Grliner Bauw ; Goldener Lowe. 

This old walled town is the seat of the reigtilng 
duke, in the fine valley of the Itz, or Itsch, about 
950 feet above the sea level. Most of the houses 
are small and poor looking. Some of the oldest are 
in the large market-place, which contains the 
Government offices and Town Hall, and Theed's 
ttatve of the Prince Consort, uncovered 1865, in 
the (Queen's presence. 

The Chancery Buildings (Kanzleigebaude), built 
In the Itolian style, by Duke John Casimir, contain 
a library and collection of prints. 
The Arsenal or Zeughaus has a collection of 
jSr»-4UTas mnd wempottB^ Ac. .Open^ 9 to 8 p.m. 
TbeMifri/nHrcAe (8t. Maurice) contains the ducal 
-^^s, from John Cmaimir downwards, and several 



monuments, frescoes, and bronzes. Here the 
Tercentenary festival of the Confession of Augsburg 
was celebrated June 25, 1831, by a sermon preached 
before the Princes, Ernest and Albert, after a long 
procession had been formed round the market-place. 
Near this is the Gymnasium or College, founded 

by John Casimir, 1605, with his statue in the 
comer. 

In SchlossPlatz stand the Old Scblossor Palace, 
faced by Schwanthaler's bronze statue of Duke 
Ernest I. ; the Palace of the Duke of Edinburgh ; 
and the Ducal Theatre. In the ac^oining Park is 
the Duke's town seat, "Palais," or Ehrehburg 
(Castle of Honour), a large and handsome pile, 
which was a convent before 1549, but has been 
enlarged with additions in the Gothic and Italian 
styles. It forms three sides of a square, surmounted 
by a fine tower over the chief wing; and contains 
some paintings and portraits, including the Prince 
Consort, (^ueen Victoria, Leopold King of the 
Belgians, the King of Portugal, and other mem- 
bers of the family; also a library of 25,000 volumes, 
and collections of birds, minerals, coins, Ac, 
dispersed through the Government buildings 
adjoining. 

Up through the Park, on the Festungsberg, a 
hill 550 feet above town, and 1,640 feet above sea, 
is the Old Castle, Festung, or Veste Coburg (Strong 
Coburg), on the site of a fortress, built by Charle- 
magne, and formerly the seat of the Counts of 
Henneberg and Dukes of Saxony, which the Sw^cdes 
held successfully against Wallensteiu in the Thirty 
Years' War. Part has been restored in the Gothic 
style, by Heidelof, for a museum, called the 
Fiirstenbau, including the Ernest- Albert collection. 
To see the place, application must be made to the 
Inspector. Ring the bell in the outer courtyard. 
Trinkgeld, 50 pf., for a company 20 pf. each. 
There is a fine prospect of the Thiiringer Wald, 
from the battlements, near some old cannon which 
are placed there. 

Here are portraits of Landgraves, in the Ritter- 
saal; some modern frescoes, by Schneider and 
Rothbart ; an Armoury, including Andrew Hofer's 
gun, in the old banqueting room; the Horn 
Zimmer, containing a fine mosaic, in wood, dated 
1684. Here Luther resided, 1580, translated part 
o! Uie BVb\^ tiXv^ 'wvAfc XsNa Vmbss^% Vfconu 
" Elrf le%\e "But^ \»v uTi%«t ^^w:' '^iVivj iswrw \&k 



Route 29.J 



HAND-BOOK TO 0£RMAKY. — COBrHG. 



97 



bedstead, and some carvings from his beech tree at 
Altensteiu, which was blown down, 1841. In the 
Chapel or oratory is the pulpit from which he 
preached, and a Bible dated 1550. In the Keforma- 
tionssaal is a copy of an old picture, the original 
of which is in the church, representing the Diet of 
Augsburg, and portraits of the Reformers. 

There are many fine walks and excursions in 
the neighbourhood ; among which are those to the 
Eckertsberg, the Hohe Fichtc, and to 

BOS61iau,four miles distant, the birthplace of the 
Prince Consort, on 26th August, 1819. His elder 
brother Ernest was born here 21st June, the year 
before him. The boys were named after the two 
sons of the Elector, Frederic the Mild, who were 
stolen by Knnz of Kaufiingen. It is described in 
the "Early Years of the Prince Consort," as an old 
baronial pile, charmingly placed on a knoll of a 
ridge dividing the valley of the Itz from the plain 
traversed by the main road from Coburg to Hild- 
burghausen. 

The House is a solid oblong building, with high 
gable ends north and south, entered by a round 
tower on the west side, to which there is an 
approach through a grove of spruce firs. A broad 
winding staircase leads upwards to the principal 
rooms on the first floor, and downwards to the 
Marble Hall or dining-room on the south, which 
from the sudden fall of the ground stands at a 
lower level than the rest of the house. In this 
room the Prince was christened. A terrace 
garden commands a lovely view of the Itz volley 
and the country beyond, terminated by the Thii- 
ring«rwald; and it is added by the Queen that 
the "peaceful beauty of the scene is perhaps still 
more striking by moonlight." There are some 
fine specimens of the Abele poplar growing here, 
a tree which was always a favourite one with the 
Pjince. Below the house the stream winds to- 
wards Oeslau, and a range of thickly-wooded 
hills which terminate at the old Festung, over- 
hanging the city of Coburg, 3 miles lower down. 
Rosenan, after having been injured hi the year 
1848, and neglected, was restored by the Queen, 
In 1868, subsequent to the Prince's death. 

Near it is a small Wirthshaus or Inn, where the 
Coburgers come to drink their beer or coffee and 
raaMe mbont on Stwdays. Bebin4 this is a small 



summer-house and skittle-ground, in which the 
Prhice and his brother used to play. He kept 
up a liking for this game to the last, and had a 
skittle-ground made in the garden of Buckingham 
Palace. A museum formed by the brothers, called 
the Ernest' Albet't Museum, is now removed to the 
Festung as already mentioned, where rooms have 
been built on purpose for it, and additions have 
been made by the Queen. Both this and Kallen- 
berg arc only shown in the absence of the duke. 

Reinhardsbrunn, 8 miles from Gotha, with fine 
pine woods and lime trees, stands close under the 
wooded hills, and contains many romantic glens 
and valleys and wUd hills, of which the brothers 
were never tired. In June, 1829, they made a ten- 
days' pedestrian tour through the whole district. 
And thus the Prince Consort acquired that fond- 
ness for highland scenery which he enjoyed to the 
last in Scotland ; parts of which he used to com- 
pare with Thuringia. 

KaUenberg is a hunting seat of the duke's. In a 
picturesque park, full of game. It was restored by 
Rothbart. 

Lauterberg is another spot deserving a visit. 

At the village of Neuses there are monuments to 
a Prince of Saxe-Coburg Saalfeld, and the Coun- 
tess Corneilla. The poet RUckeri resided here. 

For the branch to Soxmeberg (Stat.), see 
Route 30. 

LiclltenfelS (Stat.), on the Bamberg and Hof 
line, see Route 41. 

ROTJTE se. 

Leinefelde, Miililliausen, Langensalza, and 

Hildburgliausen. 

By roil to Gotha and Ohrdruf; thence by road. 
Leinefelde to Miles. 



Dingelstadt 5^ 

Dachriedeu 12 

MUhlhausen 17 

Longensalza 29 

Gotha 42 

Ohrdruf 63 



By rood Miles 

Oberhof ^ 

Zella 14 

Suhl i8| 

Scblcusingen ig 

Hildburghausen ... 30* 



Leinefelde. Route 26. 

Miililliausen (Stat.), in Prussian Saxony. 

Population, 27,540. 

/niM.— Schwan; KSnig von Preussen. 

An ancient free city, annexed ^<^ txxv'K&Ns.NswX'^'Jin.- 



%N 



9» 



liRADSUAW t» ILLUSTRATED 



tSecl 



Lower tuwii. walled round, with four gates. Of 
its four churches, the Marienklrche, a fine Gtothic 
' building, with five aisles, and St. Blaise, deserre 
■ notice. This was the head-quarters of the fanatic 
MUnzer in the Thuringlan rising of 1534-5, and 
here he was executed after the battle of Fianken- 
hanscn. There are cloth, yam, and leather fac- 
tories, with mills for starch, glue, and oil, and 
several dyeing and fulling mills, to which cloth is 
sent to be prepared. 

LANGENSALZA (Stat.) 

Population, 11,000. 

INX8. — Mohr; Kreuz. 

A manufacturing town, on the Salza, with the 
ruined convent of Homburg, near sulphur Springs, 
on the Unstrnt, resorted to in the season. There is 
a convenient Bath-House. Here, in the German 
War of 1866, the Hanoverian troops, when on 
their march to join the Anstrians, repulsed the 
Pmssians in a bloody battle, fought 29th June; 
but were obliged to surrender the next day. 

OOTHA (Stat.), on the line from Leipsic to 
Frankfort; see Route 16. About 10 miles south- 
west, near Friedrichroda, is 

ReinJiardsbrunn, already mentioned in Route 28; 
a ducal country house, in a fine spot, on the site 
of an abbey, founded 1089, by Ludwig the Springer. 
It has portraits and monuments of the Land- 
graves in the church. On foot from here, through 
a fine country, to the Uebelbera:, 2,200 feet high, 
and Inselberg (page 95), in the heart of the 
Thilringer Wald. 

From Gotha, rail to Neudietendorf (below), also 
to Ohrdruf, in 45 minutes. 

Ohrdruf (Stat.) 

Population, 6,000. 

Inn. — Anker. 

A very old town in the Ohrthal, among copper 
and iron works ; having a palace and a church on 
the site of one built by St. Boniface. The line is 
continued to Grafenroda. From Ohrdruf the road 
rirics to the highest ridj^c of tlie Thiiringer Wald, 
among fine pine forests, passing Luisenthal, Stutz- 
hnus, and Schwarzwald, with its ruined tower, to 

OberhOf (Inn: Zur Domane), about 8 hours' 

H7i}k. This is the highest village in the Duchy of 

Gotha, 2,6S0 feet above the seaj chiefly a col- 

tffctJon of woodea huts for the woodcutters, with 



a post-house and inn, and the duke*8 hunting 
seat. An OMxtk marks the highest part of this 
ridge of the Tkuringer Waid. 

The woods abound in red deer and game ; and 
the pine trees are of a magnificent height, often 
above 200 feet. Two miles fh>m the village is the 
station on the line from Plane to Meiningen, the 
next station being Zella Melllis, and then 

Sulll (Stat.), on Prussian ground, in the county 
of Hennnberg. 

Population, 9,900. 

Inns.— BLrone ; Deutsches Haus. 

A manufacturing town among the forests and 
forges of the Thtiringer Wald, in the valley of tlw 
Aue or Lauter; noted for its manufactures of 
swords, bayonets, and surgical instruments, and 
other articles in steel and iron. Fire-arms have 
been made here since the fifteenth century. iThe 
town is well built, and has four churches. 

There are several objects of interest In thii 
neighbourhood. 

The Domberg rises 750 feet above the town with 
gardens and a mineral spring at its base. The 
Ottilienstein is a porphyry rock, at the foot of 
which flows the Lauter. Caftf at the summit. 

Beyond Is the Beerberg, the highest spot in the 
ThUHnger Wald, 3,240 feet above the sea, with a 
signal tower on the top. Not far from it is the 
Sehneekopf, 8,210 feet high, commanding a splendid 
view of Thuringia, the Brocken, Ac. Refresh- 
ments may be had at the SchmUcke Inn, about li 
miles, the highest house in this range of hills, 
2,990 feet high. The old Rennsteig Road is traced 
along the summit. Diligence daily in summer i 
from Suhl to J 

nmenau (Stat), a Water Cure on the Ilm, 
where Goethe (with whom It was a favourite 
resort) celebrated his last birth-day, in 1831 ; it is 
4i hours from the SchmUcke, over the Kickel- 
hahn, 2,850 feet high. Ilmenau can be reached by 
rail via Neudietendorf (between Erfurt and 
Gotha); Amstadt (Stat.), a little town fpopn- ^ 
lalion, 12,818), with an old castle, church salt *^ 
spring, &c.; Plaue (Stat.), under the EhrenW. ^ 
a fine pohit of view. From Ilmenau the raft ^^ 

DVSAg^u^ d^Vl^ t,^^ n^^^^ ^^ Schleustogen, ^lii 



n 

•J 
U 



Eoute 30.] 



HAKD'BOOK TO QJCRMAKT.— <^OTHA, JBMA. 



ft9 



Schleuslngen. 

Population, 3,300. 

Ikn. — Griiner Baum. 

A Prussian town, at the junction of the Erlau 
and Nahe; once the property of the Counts of 
Henneberg; whose tombs are in the church. Here 
is also their old Castle; with the Ordenshaus, 
formerly a seat of the Knights of St. John ; and a 
papier mftchd and doll factory. At Yessra in the 
neighbourhood is an Abbey of the twelfth century. 

About 8^ miles beyond (which may be done by 
diligence in two hours) is 

Hildburghausen (Stat.), as in Route 28. 

I^OTJTE SO- 

Welmar to Jena, Rudolstadt, Saalfeld, and 

Coburg, tlirougli Thnrlngla. 

By Weimar-Oera and Saal rails to Saalfeld and 
EidUcht; thence, by road, to Sonneberg ; thence, 
by rail, to Coburg, Ac. 



Miles. 

Uhlstadt 36i 

Rudolstadt 42 

Schwarza 44^ 

Saalfeld 48f 

Eichicht 54j 

By Road to 
Reichmannsdorf ... 8 
Sonnebcr;?- 17^ 

By Rail to 

Neustadt 3 

Oeslau 8 

Coburg 12^ 

pronounced 



Weimar to Miles. 

Mellingeu 5 

Jena 14^ 

[Branch to Gros- 
sheringen,16m.] 

Gbschwitz 17J 

{Branch to Herms- 
dorf-Kloster-haus- 
iiitz (18 m.), Gera, 
26 m.] 

Rothenstein 25^ 

Kahla, <fec 27| 

Orlamiinde Zl\ 

JESA (Stat.), in Saxe- Weimar; 

r^a. 

Population, 13,000. 

Inns. — Sonne; DeutschesHaus; SchwarzerBar. 

An old town in the valley of the Saal, where 
the Leutra joins it; celebrated for its University 
and for the Battle of 14th Oct., 1806, fought in its 
neighbourhood, which laid Prussia at the feet 
of Napoleon I. ; whose head-quarters were at the 
Landgrafenburg. With 80,000 men, against 
50,000 on the Prussian side, under the Prince of 
HohenlShe, he caught the Prussians in a trap he 
had laid; even as they caught the French at Sedan, 
1870. The Prussian forces were near Kb'tschau, 
the VierzehnheUigen Tower, and a spot called 
the Schnecke, in the Mtlhlthal. At the battle 
of Auentadt a few miles dittant, fought the same 
day, the Duke of Brtmswlck was killed. T^« 
EicbenpUtM btu been ivbidlt tUice the batUe, 



and the ramparts razed. Napoleon extracted fom« 
milliards from Prussia, after the war. A stone 
Bridge of nine arches crosses the rirer. 

The University was founded by the Eleet^r, 
John Frederick, In 1668, and its tercentenary Was 
observed in 1868. It numbers fifty professors and 
about five hundred students. Schiller was Profes- 
sor of History here, In succession to Elchhorn the 
Orientalist; his house being close to the Observa- 
tory and marked by his bust. Here he wrote his 
"Thirty Years' War," and " Walleustein." 
Kotzebue, author of the "Stranger," when a stu- 
dent was here assassinated, 1819, by another student 
who considered him a political traitor. The name 
of the assassin, George Sand, was assumed by the 
eccentric Madame Dudevant, the French novelist. 
The University was shut up from 1819 to 1826, be- 
cause of the radicalism of the students. At the 
Schloss are many rare books, MSS., and illumina- 
tions; with collections of scientific objects, coins 
(valuable), minerals, Ac. Drake's bronze statue 
of the founder stands In the market place. The 
students were great fighters (with the sword)- 
hence this rhyme— * 

" Wer konunt von Jena ungeschlairan 
Der hat von groBsem GlUck «u angen." 

i.e., the man who gets away from Jena without a 
slash is a lucky fellow. 

The Stadtkirche or Pfarrkirche of the fourteenth 
century, has a good prospect of the Saalthal 
from its high tower. It contains a large brass 
of Luther. MusSus, the scholar, a native of Jena 
died here 1787. At the FUrstengraben if Drake's 
bust of Oken, the naturalist. 

The environs are geologically very Interesting 
for peculiar stratification. The old Fuchsthurm- 
tower, on the Hausberg, commands a fine view. 

Diligence to Burgel, with a Romanesque early 
12th century church. 

Kabla (Stat.) 

Population, 2,600. 

Inn. — Goldner L5we. 

A small town of the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, 
on the Saale, near the Dolenstein. Tanning is 
carried on here. The old fortress of Leuchtenburg 
has a well 860 feet deep. 



\ 



100 



BRADSIHAW 8 ILLUSTRATUD 



[Sec. ^. 



Isras.— Ritter; Liiwe; Adler. 

The chief town of the principality, on the Saale, 
on the edge of the Thilringrer Wald. It is well 
built and has two chnrches, one a cathedral; 
with the Prince's Cattle^ of Ludwigsburg, con- 
taining some collections of natural history, &c. 
Above the town is another seat, called Schloss 
HeUteckthurg^ comprisuig a church, theatre, library ; 
paintings by Garracci, Cranach, Diirer, Rembrandt, 
Rubens, Roos, Wouvermans ; and engravings. 

Between here and Amstadt (station on the 
Erfurt line) is Stadt-Um, near which is an immense 
pine tree, 25 feet round, and 150 feet high. 

VoLKSTEDT Is a bcautlful spot, where Schiller 
passed the summer of 1788, writing his Revolt of 
the Netherlands. It has a bust of him by Dan- 
necker, and a porcelain factory. 

Bcliwana(8tftt.) the junction of the Schwarza 
with the Saal. 

[Branch line from here to 

BlankenliuTg. 

Inns.— Lowe; Ross. 

A small old town near the very ancient castle 
of Greifenstein, the birth-place of the Emperor 
Gilnther of Schwarzburg, in 1804. Omnibus from 
the station twice daily, up the Schwarzathal, 8 miles, 
to the village of 

SCHWABZBURO. 

Population, 5,000. Inn.— Weisser Hirsch. 

The old seat of the princes of Schwarzburg, in 
the romantic valley of the Schwarzathal^ one of the 
finest in Thuringia. Above it rises the modem 
Cattle^ rebuilt 1726, including a chapel, with the 
family graves, an armoury, and the Kaisersaal, or 
Emperor's Room, containing portraits of all the 
emperors from Julius Csesar down to Charles VI. 
This is the only remnant of the old building. 

The Kittehburg, or Tripstein, near this, is 1,525 
feet high, and has a remarkably fine view. About 
6 miles distant, in a forest, are the ruins of the 
Abbey of Paulinzelle, founded 1105, in the Roman- 
esque style. 

Another place, 6 miles from Schwarzburg 
towards llmenau is Ktf nigseei noted for its trade 
in drugs . Omnibus flrom Schwarzburg to llmenau.] 

SdALFSLD (BtAt,), in Saxe Meiningen. 
JPoj'irz.jiTioirf 10,000. 

v,~-aoJdeaer Anker; Htrscb ; Prens. Hot. 



At the "Goldener Anker" Charles V. and his 
prisoner, the Elector John Frederick, slept after 
the battle of MUhlberg, 1547. 

A picturesque town on the border of the Thli- 
ringer Wald, on the Saal, with a stone bridge 
and two palaces. The new Palace has a fine view, 
the old is now the mint for the Duchy. St. John's, 
one of the four churches, is a Gothic building, 
erected 1212, from the profits of a neighbouring 
gold mine, and has some good stained windows. 
Here Tetzel sold his indulgences. Late Gothic 
Rathhaus of the 16th century. 

Near the Saale are the ruins of the Sorbenburg, 
a fort built by Charlemagne as a defence against 
the Sclavonians. At Wetzelstein are some alum 
works. 

A monument, under poplar trees, marks the 
spot where Prince Louis of Prussia was mortally 
wounded, at the battle of Jena, Oct. 10, 1806. 

Short branch, 6 miles, to Eichicht, on the way to 
I<eipsic. 

Hohe EiChe, a village on a high plain. 

ReichmanxiBdorf, a small town at the foot of 
the Goldberg, 2,470 feet high, where gold was once 
found. In the neighbourhood are ironstone mines. 
About 8 miles from this is 

Orafentlial. 

Population, 1,500. Inn.— Post. 

A small town at the foot of a steep slaty hill, 
having a Church, which was a place of pilgrimage 
before the Reformation. The Castle of Wespen- 
stein, an old seat of the Pappenheim family, on a 
steep, overlooks a fine prospect. From here to 
L&USChft, whence rail to 

Sonneberg (Stat.) 

Population, 11,480. Inks.— Kiug; Bar. 

A very old town, 1,800 feet above sea, noted for 
the manufacture of children's toys of every sort. 
Of late years a favourite resort. It has a modern 
Gothic Church, School of Design, and a Hydro- 
Therapeutic Establishment. On the road to 
Hildburghausen Is 

Schalkaa, and its fine Gothic Church; about 
1 mile from which are the ruins of the Schaum- 
bui^s' old Castle, destroyed in the Thirty Years* 
War. The Bleuberg^ beyond it, has a splendid 
view of the upper country of Meiningen. Another 
mUe to BilStciia CBiUX.^ (?»w^ou\.%^%.^ 



Route 31.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — SAALPELD, DBESDEN. 



101 



Neiutadt-oii-tlie-Haide (Stat.), in Saxe- 

Cubarg-Gotha. 

Population, 5,500. /n«.— Halber Mond. 

A small town on the R^then, at the foot of the 
Muppberg or Mupp Hill. It contains two churches 
and a Ccutle of the Duke of Meiuingen, and has a 
good trade in Sonneberg toys. Hops and tobacco 
are grown. The beer is good here. 

Coburg <Btat.), as in Koute 28. 

ROXJTB 81- 
Berlln to Dresden. Time, s hours. 



Miles. 

Elsterwerda 77 

[Lines to Riesa, 
R<jderau, &c. J 

Grossenhain 78 

Weinbohla 98 

Cossebanda 107 

Dresden 110 



Berlin to Miles. 

SUdende 8f 

Marienfelde 6| 

Rangsdorf 15 

Zossen 20^ 

Clasdorf 85 

Ukro 47i 

Brenitz 58 

Kirchhain 64i 

[Branches to Cottbus, 
Falkenberg, and Torgau] 

The above is thencwdirect line, passing nothing 
of interest. An alternative line (117 miles) runs 
rid Herberg, Falkenberg, Roderau, Ac, in Si hours. 

JuterbOg (Stat.) in St. Nicolas Church is 
Tetzel's Indulgence Chest. 

Herzberg (Stat.), a town, on the Black Elster, 
with cloth factories and potteries. Pop. 3,000. 

Falkenberg (Stat.), the centre of six lines, to 
Torgau, Wittenberg (opened 1875), Cottbus, &c. 
TOROAU (Stat.), in Prussian Saxony. 

Population, 11,100. 

Hotels.— Anker ; Goldener LiJwe. 

A strong fortress and trading town, on the 
marshes of the Elbe, taken from the French in the 
War of Independence by the Prussians, 1814. The 
French converted it into a military port in 1809, 
when Hartenfels, the old Castle of the Princes of 
Saxony, standing on a rock, was turned into a 
magazine. A bridge 860 feet long, and 20 feet 
broad, crosses the river, half being covered and 
built of wood; the uncovered half is stone. The 
principal Church contains paintings by L. Cra- 
nach, and the grave of Luther's wife, Catherine 
Bora. Here the Reformer drew up the Articles 
of Torgau, 1530, on which the Confession of Augs- 
burg is based; and here the Torgau protest against 
Crypto-Calvlnlsm was signed. In the neighbotiT- 
hood is Lupiitx when Frederick the Great defeated 
f/tp A n$tiianii, QBrd November. 17W. Rail to 'Wit- 



tenberg (page 63). Three miles west of Torgan is 
Annaberg (Stat), see page 118. A raU was 
made from here, 1872, vid Weipert, to Komotau, In 
Bohemia (Route 59). Dresden may be also reached 
from Komotau, vid Teplitz and Bodenach (Routes 
81a and 68a), by a line completed 1873. 

BOderau (Stat), page IIS; from which a 
branch was opened, 1875, to EUterwerda, Hence 
through Riesa, Coswlg, Ac., to Dresden. 

I^OTJTB QX^Continued. 
KINGDOM OF SAXONY. 

DRESDEN. 

Population, 276,085, chiefly Protestant. 

HoTKLS.— Hotel Bristol, first-class hotel, well 
situated, near the Central Railway Station. See 
Advt. 

Hotel Belle Vue. 

Great Union Hotel : well situated, near the 
Railway Station for Carlsbad, Vienna, Ac. Mode- 
rate charges ; recommended* 

Hotel Goldner Engel. 

Hotel Kaiserhof und Stadt WIen. Well situated 
in the new town. Deservedly recommended. 

Hotel du l^ord. Conveniently situated, and 
deservedly recommended. 

Hotel Weber; beautifully situated in a delight- 
ful part of the town. 

Hotel Kronprinz; Hotel de Rome; Hotel Stadt 
Moskau; Hotel Gotha; Hotel Pension National. 

FiKsT Class Pension.— 28, Lilttichaustrasse, 
Bliss Bcil. 

American and English Pension.— 25, Sldonien- 
strasse. Kept by Frau H. Schmalz. 

Pension Frances Martin. Situated Prager- 
strasse, 81. 

Restaurants. — Englischer Garten; Victoria 
Keller; Belvedere, Ac. 

Railwat Stations. — The Dresden railway sta- 
tions are distant about a mile from the principal 
hotels in the city. The Leipsic terminus is at 
Neustadt, on the right bank of the Elbe. Tram- 
ways to all parts. 

Between Dresden and Prague (at Bodenbacb) 
customs examination. Baggage of travellers 
Is scarcely looked at. The aameoxv \ft»:«^xw5(, *C!ca. 



102 



BRADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 2. 



CarrUgr* &nd pair, 4 marks an hour; half-a-day, 
19 marks; the day, 31 marks. It is, however, better 
to make a l^argain before-hand, when the carriage 
(Fiaker) is taken for more than an hour or so. 
From 10 30 p.m. to 7 (winter 8) a.m. double charges 
are made. 

Cab from any of the Stations into the town, for 
one to four persons, 60 pf., 70 pf., 90 pf., 1 mark 
respectirely. Doable fares at night. Boxes, 20 
to 40 pf. each. 

CoNYETANCES.— Rail to Burxdorf, Herzberg, and 
Berlin; to Reichenborg and Gorlitz; to Riesa 
and Leipsic, thence via Cologne and Ostcnd to 
London, in 26 hoars; to Lobau and Breslau; to 
Prague, Brunn, and Vienna; to Chemnitz. 

Tramway to Blasewitz, Plauen, &c. 

Steamers up the Elbe to the Sojcon Switzerland 
flrom the landing place, Briihlsche Tcrrasse. The 
quickest way to visit it is by rail to Potscha, cross 
the Elbe to Wehlen, ascend the Bastei, thence to 
Schandau, and sleep. Next day, visit the Kuhstall, 
Winterberg, and the Prebischthor, to Hemis- 
kretchen; and take the evening steamer back to 
Dresden. Return Tickets (Doppelbillete) are 
cheapest. 

Coming down by rail from Prague, it will be 
well to get out at Anssig, and take the steamer, 
the small sacrifice of time being repaid by the 
beauty of the scenery. 

Steamers to Meissen, 4 times daily, starting from 
a pier just above the Augustus bridge. 

BbITISH ChABGK D'AFFAIRES, RESIDENT. 

English Church Service, twice daily. Scotch 
and American churches. Roman Catholic, at 11 
and 4, musical service. See Bradshaufs Continental 
Guide for particulars. 

Opera and Theatres.— Performances at 7. 

Anglo- American Club. 

Information for Strangers. — Office— Pra- 
gor-strasse, 241. 

PosT-OFFiCE.-Post-plalz near Zwinger. Letters 
posted before 3 p.m. are forwarded the same 
day.' loiters for London take about two days. 

Telegraph in Waisenhausrstrasse. 

Oatmcts orNoTiCM. —The Picture Gallery, Tues- 

^ajr^ TAarsday, and Friday, free, 9^to8; W^ediiCsday 

^^ar</ay^jS0pf: Sunday, 11 to 2. Catalogtte, 

G5rw7» VmaJt (OrUneB Qewme). 9 to 3 ; 



Sunday, 11 to 2; 1 mark. In winter, ticket for 
one to six persons, 9 marks. Royal Library, in 
the Japanese Palace, 9 to 2 daily. Frauenkirche. 
Catholic Church. Synagogue. Zwinger, Albertl- 
num, and Johanneum. Academy of Arts. Minia- 
tures for brooches are painted at a moderate price. 
Copies of gallery pictures from 5s. upwards. For 
sights, and days for visiting, sec the "Dresdener 
Anzeiger" daily paper. Nearly all are closed or 
have an extra fee on Monday. 

Dresden, the seat of the Saxon Gk>vemment, 
occupies a bend of the Elbe, where the Weisserits 
joins it, on a plain about 370 feet above sea level, 
at the Junction of the rails to Leipsic, Chemiiitz, 
Prague, and Breslau. It stands at a point about ' 
equidistant from Hamburg, Frankfort, Munich, 
and Vienna, viz., about 350 miles; and is 108 miles 
from Berlin, the capital of the German Empire, of 
which Saxony is a member. Within view of the 
city, or not far distant from it, arc the hills and 
vineyards about Meissen on the north ; the heights 
of the Saxon Switzerland, the most romantic part of 
the Elbe, on the east ; the Erzgebirge Hills, on the 
south and south-west ; and the Plauensche Gmnd, 
or Vale of Rocks, on the Weisseritz, on the west. 

It has not only a pleasant neighbourhood, but it 
is a pleasant and inviting place to live at; offering 
good society, and all the resources of a capital in 
its collections, shops, and means of enjoyment. It 
is worth noting that, owing perhaps to the river 
and the nature oftho surrounding country, Dresden 
and the environs are frequently very cool in the 
summer evenings, and care should be taken with 
regard to clothing. 

The old walls and ramparts were, after 1811, 
replaced by gardens and buildings; there are a 
number of handsome Squares, of which four are 
in the old town, and some of which vrere re- . 
named after the Emperor, Prince Albert of Saxony, 
and other heroes of the war; about 20 Churches 
(six being Catholic) and five synagogues. 

The houses are of stone, generally five to six 

storeys high. The Fountain in the Bautzoncr Platz 

I is supplied by an Artesian Well, 420 yards deep. A 

large and handsome Gothic Fountain (1844) stands 

betweetv tlxe Post Office aud Polytechnic School. 

on %\^^ Boul^i *\^^ ^^ ^^^ A^^^« vw^?SsV<\%\*A\ ^^ 



[Boate 31.] 



HAND-BOOK TO OBSMANT. — PRB6DEN. 



1Q8 



[the north side ; the two being connected by three 
[bridges, for particulars of which see below. 
The Altstadt has the Pima suburb and Grosser 
m on the east; and the Friedrichstadt and 
rUsdruff suburbs, adjacent to the Wcisseritz on 
west. In this half of the capital arc the 
Itmarkt ana Neumarkt, Anton Platz and Theatre 
itz, the Royal Palace, Green Vault and Picture 
[Gallery, the Zwlnger Palace, the Bruhl Palace and 
Terrace, facing the river, the Post Office, Theatre 
nd Arsenal, the Frauenkirche, Catholic und other 
pifacipal Churches. The Brlihl, with its Cafds 
[tnd stops up to the bridge is a favourite promenade. 
the Neustadt, on the north of the Elbe, are the 
Teucr Anbau or Anton suburb, the Japanese Palace 
id the Palais Platz, the Neustadter markt and 
(antzener Platz, Military Academy and Hospital, 
[Cavalry Barracks, Trinity Church, and the prin- 
cipal Railway Stations for the Leipsic and Prague 
les. 

The Augustus Briicke, the old and principal 
idge of the city, is a handsome structure of stone, 
|«ztending from Briihl Terrace to the Neustadt, on 
cteen arches ; and is 1420 feet long, and 36 feet 
)ad. It was rebuilt by Piipelmann, 1727-81, in 
le reigrn of Augustus II., in a solid style, strong 
[•nough to resist the force of the ice when the rirer 
[Is frozen. The floods and ice of the 13th March, 
1845, carried away a bronze crucifix erected by the 
Elector, Johann George II., on the fifth arch. Two 
arches blown up by Davoust in his retreat to Leipsic 
1814 were restored 1814. There was a bridge here 
as early as 1119, which was rebuilt 1344 by the 
sale of Papal dispensations. It is the rule to take 
the right-hand side of the bridge in passing over. 
Below this bridge is the MarienbrUcke, on fourteen 
arches, built for the railway, and having a carriage 
and footway as well. It is 1,480 feet long, G2 feet 
broad, and 40 feet high. 

The Albertsbriicke connects the Keusladt with 
the Pirna suburb. 

From the Old Bridge, a long thoroughfare runs 
north through the Neustadt, past the Markt Platz 
to the Bautzener Platz. In the Markt Platz stonds 
Wiedermann*8 equestrian Statue o/Avgusttu 11^ in 
copper, erected 1785. He is dressed in the Roman 
style; and the horse Js djsHnguJshod b^ a large 
imsA^r taiJ, 



Near the Arsenal, in the Briihl Garden, is the 
Monument of the Elector Maurice, killed at Sievers- 
hausen, 1553. This is a group including his 
brother Augustus (whom he appointed his suc- 
cessor), with their wives, and Death holding a 
scythe. It is above three centuries old. but was 
forgotten a;nd thrown aside, till the razing of the 
fortifications brought it to light again, 1811. 

A Inrgciron bust of Khig Antony, 1638, stands 
in Friedrichstadt Promenade. T>e House of 
Assembly orLandstUndc, where the Estates meet, • 
is a building two storeys hij?h, in Pirnaische Gasse. 

The Town Hall (Ratlihaus) is in the Alt Markt. 
The Post-OJice is an extensive and handsome 
structure. In the Dohnaplatz is the Kreuz School, 
by Arnold, one of many excellent schools hero. 
Tieck's House was a tall red house at the comer 
of the Altmarkt. 

Churches.— The Ftnumkirehe (Our Lady), in the 
Neumarkt, the largest and handsomest in Dresden, 
built 1726-38, by BKhr, of stone, in the Italian 
style, an imitation of St. Peter's. There is a fine 
view from the dome, which is 810 feet high, and 
so strong that it successfully resisted the cannon 
balls in Frederick the Great's siege of 1760. The 
ascent is easy. Fee 2 m. It is fitted up some- 
thing like a theatre inside. In the cupola are the 
Four Evangelists and Virtues. The altar-piece is 
Christ on the Mount of Olives. The fine organ is 
by Silbermann, has 44 stops, and 6,000 pipes. 
The catacombs are deep and capacious. 

The Roman Catholic Court Church (Hofkirche), 
built close to the Royal Palace (Schloss), to which 
it is joined by a covered way over the street, was 
built in the Italian style, 1739-51, by Chiaveri, for 
Frederick Augustus II. It has a flat roof and a 
pyramidal steeple in three storeys, 280 feet high, one 
of the loftiest in Dresden. Round the roof are 60 
Apostles and Saints ; and at the doorway are the 
Four Evangelists. The centre comprises two 
larger chapels to St. Beuno and St. Fr. Xavier, 
and several smaller ones, adorned with paint- 
ings, statues, altars, and carved work. The 
Director of the Opera, with his band, conducts the 
musical part of the service, &c., on Sundays 
(eleven and foor)^ wheix th:^ ^^'<a;£<:i^ S.^^ ^^k^^^j^c^ 



104 



BRADBHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 2. 



by Rnphael Mengs. The altar-pieces of the side 
churches are by Count Rotari, viz.: The death of 
Xavier, and the Virgin appearing to Ignatius 
I^yola. The Sacrament Chapel is inlaid with 
marble, and has a painted ceiling by Torelli. The 
chapel of St. John Nepomuck has scenes from his 
life, by Palko; St. Beuno's chapel, paintings by 
Torelli ; chapel of the Holy Cross, a fine altar-piece 
by Htitin, and a ceiling by Thiele. Statues by 
Bernini, in the Magdalen and Xavier chapels. 
The chancel wood-carving by Pcrmosen. 

The Sophieen, or Hofkirche (Court Church) for 
Protestants, in Great BrUdergasse, built 1351, was 
part of a convent, converted into a City church in 
1609, by Sophia, widow of the Elector Christian. At 
the High AltarisaCrucifixion, by Rossini; withan 
Ecce Homo to the memory of that sculptor. The 
confession chapel has an altar, on marble pillars, 
wliich were brought by Duke Albert from Palestine, 
J 476. A monument of the wife of Duke Maurice 
represents her and her two children, before a large 
ivory crucifix, in one piece. 

The Kveuzkirche (Church of the Cross), near the 
Altmarkt, is a rectangular pile with a steeple in 
three storeys, 310 feet high. 

The Annenkirche^ in Wilsdruffer suburl), has a 
good altnr, and a beautiful ceiling by MUIler. 

The P/arrlirche (Parish Church), in Neustadt, 
contains a stone altar representing the Ten 
Virgins. In the churchyard is the Todtentanz, 
or Dance of Death, consisting of 27 figures of 
every age and rank, in rough sandstone, carved 
1534; also a monument to the soldiers who fell in 
the riots of 1849 ; and the graves of Adelung, the 
philologist ; Tiedge, Bottchcr, &c. 

Tirnity Church (English), in Wiener-strasse, a 
Imndsonie building, with stained windows, and 
Knglish graves in the chui'chyard. Russian 
Chufcfi, by Von Bosse, in Reichs-strasse. The 
Synagogue opposite the Botanical Garden is a hand- 
sonic building,by Semper,1840, intheOriental style. 
1'alacks and Collectioxs.— There are four 
principal Palaces, of which three are in the 
AHstadt, and one, the Japanese Palace, in the 
Neustadt, viz. - 
.?»<!? j>R?ya/ Z*a/a£», or Scbloss, containing the 
s^ss^ /^ar^/' a/f^ /Ae Jerre/s. Open in winter to 
">'-- 0/-S/X fr,r 9 mnrks. 4f8Q the Coin Ca Wnet 



open only to studeBtSf Tuesday and Friday, 10 to 1. 
I The Primen Palais is behind the Schloss. It has 
! some family portraits, a library of 10,000 voIsm 
! with collections of engravings and porcelain. 
The Japanese Palace, containing the Library. 
The Zwinger and Museum, containing the Dresden 
Gallery of Pictures, Collections of Engrayings, 
Drawings, Zoological and Mineralogical Museams, 
&c. 

The Museum Johanneum is in the Neu-Harkt, 
with the Historical Collection, and the Porcelain. 
j The Alhertinum, on the Briihlsche Terrasse, 
completed 1890, contains the Antique sculptorea 
; formerly divided among the other museums. 
I There is a small Palace, the Lustschloss, in the 
Grosse Garten, the head-quarters of Napoleon in 
1818. Here is Mutiali's Neptune and Araphitrite 
in the grounds. 

The Royal Palace (Schloss), near Schloss Platr 
and Elbbriicke, is a large, irregular pile, partly 
Gothic and later styles. It includes an Audience 
Chamber, with a ceiling by Sylvester; a Throne 
Room, with frescoes, by Bendemann, from the life 
of Henry the Fowler, Ac; a Prachtzimmcr, or 
Chamber of Ceremony, where the Sovereign 
receives the Legislature; a Chapel, adorned with 
paintings by Guide Reni, Mengs, and others; 
but the great attraction is the unequalled collec- 
tion of rare and valuable Jewels, and works of 
art, in the Giiines Gevolbe, or Green Vault, on 
the ground floor, kept here for security, like the 
English jewels in the Tower. The Collection dates 
from the fifteenth century, but was chiefly made by 
Augustus the Strong, and U valued ot a million 
sterling at least. It consists of precious stones, 
pearls, works in gold, silver, ivory, amber, &c, in 
eight rooms, painted green and lined with mirrors 
set in marble and serpentine. Open, June t6 Sep- 
tember, Sundays 11 to 2, other days 9 to 2 (May 
and October, 10 to 2), 1 mark. In winter, see 
Dresdener AnzHger. 

In the 1st room — are Bronzes; Copies of Italian 
and other works of art. The Famese Bull. Rape 
of Proserpine. Equestrian statues of Louis XIV ; 
Peter the Great ; Augustus II.; and Charles II., of 
England; the last cut out of a solid piece of iron. 
2nd Room — Ivory collection — Overthrow of 
Luolfer and Ms A»ge\ft,\i«\T\ts«k g;t<ixv"^ olxvVtvfcl's-t^-o 
flifurc*, carved !ro\jv u *\v\?t\<i v\*c* ^^ ^''^n \*Vsv'£tv%% 



Iloute 31.] HAND-BOOK TO G£BMANV. — DREdDEM — CHUR0UE8, GREEN VAULT. 105 



high. Two horses' heads and a crncifix, said to he ! coat and waistcoat buttons, shoulder knots, &c.\ 
byM. Angelo; Diana and Actseon, (fee. i sword hilt, covered with brilliants; a hat clasp, 



3 rd Boom — Mosaics, shells, corals. 



ambers. 1 with a famous green brilliant we ighing 160 grains. 

Strong; wedding 
ven orders of the 



medals of honour 

fi 1716. Open to 

Fridays, 10 to 1. 

•11 at the entrance 









'.fr 



the Royal Plate, 
excepted), 9 to 1. 
it the office of the 
.It). 

ihl Terrace, now 

tures, comprising 

.e Mengs, Hahnsl, 

- Japanese Palace, 
not yet arranged, 

"" )wing provisioual 






■A 



4lf 
4^ 



tist 
Saxj 

651 ! 



riauriceof Saxony 
3 and Kings; copy 
t '* ; Nessus and 
la ; Hercules and 
l*ttn carrying off 
ieu, Charles I. of 
is; Fragment of 
1 Minerva) ; Head 
inc skin ; Statues 
g Athlete; Head 
; Bust of Ajax; 
*sychc; Head of 
rujan; Busts of 
sister of Trajan ; 
Herculaneum, in 
o of the greatest 
Id playing with a 
and Lucillo, his 
a Dorana, wife of 
Uiided Gladiator; 
odite; The dead 
», Dancing Faun. 






106 



BRAD8HAW*S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 2. 



of Lucias Verus ; bas-relief with triumphal march 
of Luclas Verus ; Bast of Marcus Aurelius; Ariadne 
at Naxos; Antinous Bacchus ; Athlete anointing 
his neck ; Venus, the head and torso original, the 
rest restored ; Busts of Caligula. 

Beside these there are many bronzes, urns, vases, 
and Indian and Assyrian antiquities. 

In the 1 new Albertinum are also the Plaster 
Casts of the best antique statues collected ,by 
Raphael Mongs, the nrtist, assisted by Binnconl, 
and afterwards purchased by Fred. Augustus of 
Saxony. The casts include copies of the Laocoon, 
and the Dying Gladiator; the Elgin marbles; 
Venus of Milo, and de Medici; Cupid and Psyche;, 
the Discobolus; the Famese Hercules; Vatican 
Apollo; Barberini Faun; and many fine antique 
vases. Also casts of mediseval and modem 
masters, among which are some by Thorwaldsen, 
presented by himself to the museum; with the 
Twelve Apostles of Sebalduskirche in Nurem- 
berg; and the Victory at Berlin. 

The Rietschel collection of casts is also now 
located in the Albertinum, forming a very rich 
collection of sculptures and casts; open on week- 
days, excepting Saturdays, from 9 to 8, Sundays, 
11 to 2, without charge. 

The Polytechnikum, in Bismarck Place, contains 
plans, patterns, and models, with fine wall 
paintings. The latter can be seen, free, on the 
first Sunday in the month, 11 to 1. The Library 
is closed in August. The Library of the Isis 
Society is also here. 

The Japanese Palace^ in Kaiser Wilhclm Platz, 
is surrounded by a fine garden, and contains the 
Royal Library. 

The Library, on the first and second floors, com- 
prises about 500,000 vols, and 4,000 MSS., 20,000 
maps, and 180,000 pamphlets. 

Among the curiosities are— A. Diirer's Treatise 
on Proportion, with his own sketches; 1,600 early 
printed books of the fifteenth century, including 
two copies of the Narrenschiff ; letters of Luther, 
Melanchthon, and Grotius ; several books of auto- 
graphs; a Mexican MS., on aloe leaves; Bajazet's 
Koran, and other Eastern MSS. ; also a book which 
Zf0/ans^ to Charles the Bold and Ren6 of Anjou. 
^ae/aa^, rrho rras librarian, dfod iere in 1806. 
^^^r,r day, except Sunday, from 9 to 2; 



admission, 50 pf. Closed at Easter, Whitsuntide, 
and Christmas. Residents are allowed to borrow 
books ; and strangers also, on giving good security. 

8. The Zwinger, in Theater Platz, near the 
Schloss, is part of a large Palace, designed by 
Augustus I., but never completed. It forms a 
quadrangle in the Renaissance style, 260 paces long, 
by 170 broad, with three porticoes and six pavili- 
ons. In the court are four fountains and 800 
orange trees, with Rietschel's bronze statue of 
Frederick Augustus, supported by emblematic 
figures by Semper, in the pedestal. The side 
nearest the Platz, containing the Museum and 
Picture Gallery, with its Connthian coluran«, 
was rebuilt by Semper, 1855, subsequent to the 
insurrection of 1849; when this side, with the 
Natural History and Botanical collections, was 
burnt down, as well as the Opera House adjoin- 
ing. It is adorned with statues and bas-reliefs, 
by Rietschel and Hahnel. 

Besides the Picture Gallery, it contains the 
Zoological and Anthropological Museum, the 
Mineralogical Museum, Mathematical and Physical 
Instruments, and the Engravings. 

The Picture Gallery is one of the finest collec- 
tions in Germany, numbering nearly 2,400 works, 
begtm by Duke George, and greatly added to 
by Augustus II. and Augustus III. The latter 
purchased the best picture of the collection, 
Raphaers famous Madonna di San Sisto, and other 
valuable works. There are noticeable views of 
Dresden, by Bellotti. English, German, and 
French catalogues are sold in the building, price 
1| to 2^ marks. 

Under the dome of the Gallerj', in the Rund- 
Saal (Cupola Saloon), are Flemish Tapestries after 
Raphael's and Quentin Mat sys' cartoons. In the 
left wing are the rooms for the Italian Schools, 
ending in RapfuieVs Madonna; in the other are the 
Spanish, Flemish, and German Schools, terminat- 
ing with Holbein's Madonna, at the opposite comer 
to Raphael's. In the Cabinets on the north side 
are the smaller pictures of the Italian, Dutch, and 
old German schools ; those on the south side con- 
tain chiefly Dutch and French works. The second 
storey contains Italian, French, and modem 
German pVcturea. 
The ifwionna d< San Sirto, w> wKV<&^ \xwso.\>^^ 



Boute 31 J 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — DRBSDBN, ZWINGBS. 



107 



chnrch whence it was brought, and one of the most 
beautiful of Raphael's productions, was bought 
176d, at Piacenza, for £9,000. It represents the 
Madonna and Child, with the old Pope Sixtus II, 
St. Barbara, and two children as Angels ; all life 
size. It is painted on silk, and hence is thought 
to have been done for a flag to be carried ^n pro- 
cessions. There is a cartoon of it in onr National 
Gallery. 

Ijeaving this room as the starting-point, some of 
the most noticeable works in the rooms which 
succeed it, are the following: — 

Carlo DoIci*8 St. Cecilia. Garofalo's Bacchus 
and Ariadne ; Mary and Child. G. Romano's Holy 
Family, called the '* Madonna della ScodelIa,"or, 
with the Porringer. A. Turchi's David with 
Goliath's Head. Correggio's Madonna and Four 
Saints; Madonna and Three Saints; Adoration 
of the Shepherds caUed '' La Notte, " the Night 
Piece. A. del Sarto's Sacrifice of Abraham. 
Giorgione's Jacob and Rachael. Titian's Portrait 
of his daughter Lavinia; and Venus and Cupid. 
Guercino's Lot and his duughters. Guide's Ninus 
and Semiramis. Caravag^io's Card Players. Cor- 
reggio's (?) Magdalen. B&roccio's Hagar and Ish- 
mael. L. da Vinci's Virgin and Child. Palma 
Vecchio's Three Sisters. Titian's Tribute Money, 
called " Christo Della Moneta." Cigiiani's Joseph 
and Potiphar's Wife. C. Lorraine's Flight into 
Egypt. Jordaens' Presentation. Murillo's St. 
Roderick crowned by the Angel ; which belonged 
to Louis Philippe. Spagnoletto's St. Mary the 
Egyptian. Rubens' Portrait of his two Sons; 
Neptune and the Tempest; Garden of Love. 
Vandyck's Charles I., and his Three Children 
of Charles I. F. Bol's Flight into Egypt. Rem- 
brandt's Sacrifice of Manoah. Holbein's Madonna 
and Child; with the Burgomaster of Basle and his 
Family. This is now believed to be a copy, but is 
an exceedingly fine picture. Also, his Portrait of 
Henry VIU's Goldsmith, Morett. G. Dow's Her- 
mit in Prayer. Portraits by Dcnner, Nattier, 
Gerard, Sylvestre, Ac. Several Battle-pieces. Mo- 
dem paintings by Saxon artists, Pcschel, Dahl, 
HAbner, Grossa, and others. Finally, a collection 
of "200 Miniatures of kings and emperors. An 
exhibition ofHolbeina wasbeld here, 1871, to which 
tb9 queen sent a lotm of several from England. 



The Gallery is open daily in summer, 9 to 8; 
Sundays, 11 to 2 ; Mondays, 9 to 1, 1 mark 50 pf. 
Wednesdays and Saturdays, 50 pf., other days free. 

The Historical Museum is in the Museum Johan- 
neum, Neu-Markt, and contains a valuable ; 
collection of objects relating to bygone times, . 
portraits, painted windows, inlaid armour, wea- 
pons, furniture, drinking vessels, Ac. Open in 
summer, daily (except Saturdays), from 9 to 2, 
50 pf. Sundays and Festivals, 11 to 2, 2.5 pf. 

1st Room — Contains portraits of Saxon Princes ; 
a goblet of rhinoceros horn; drinking vessels; 
old stained glass ; the work-table of the Electrcss . 
Anne; Luther's sacramental cup, and the sword 
he wore at the Wartburg, when disguised as 
Junker Georg (Squire George); also a cabinet . 
presented to him by the Elector. 

2nd Room —Tournament Gallery, with rows of 
horsemen in armour, some very splendid, others 
of weighty metal. Among them are two coats of 
armour of solid silver. 

3rd Room — Hunting weapons, bows, knives, 
horns <fec. Implements of gardening, turning, <fec., 
used by the Elector Augustus I.; the crossbows 
of the Elector Maurice and John Frederick; 
hunting horn of Henry IV., of France; dogs' 
collars ; embroidered game bags, &c. 

4th Room— Second Gallery, containing warlike 
weapons, swords, spears, shields of the fourteenth 
and fifteenth centuries; shields of the Hussites; and 
a portrait of Ziska, the Bohemian leader, and his 
coat of armour. The sword of Thomas MUnzor, 
the leader of the Thuringian peasants, 1525 ; this 
is a short dagger kind of sword, with a Runic 
calendar on it. The dagger of Rudolph of Swabia, 
1080, and the sword of Don John of Austria, the 
General at Lepanto. 

Among the coats of armour is that of Henry 
the Pious, with the chain by which he wished to 
hang the Frioslanders ; two others of the Elector 
Christinn II., made by the celebrated Kollmann 
of Augsburg, one beingcovered with mythological 
figures, in relief; the cuirass of Augustus II., •' 
called the Strong, weighing 100 lbs.; the armom* 
and sabre of John Sobieski, King of Poland^ the 

Turkish COlO\VI% WV^l "WsTMS^ \sSs.^ t3«SxNfc^-"e3K "^s^ 



108 



BRADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 2. 



5th Room— Collection of fire-arms from the 
fifteenth century to the present time; among them 
arc two pistols of Charles XII., of Sweden, at the 
battle of Friedrichshall, where he was killed; 
pistols of Lonis XIV., and of the Elector Maurice, 
of Saxony. 

6th Room — Containing armour and weapons 
used in battle by celebrated men; three suits of 
the Elector Maurice, with a cabinet containing his 
bloody sash, and the ball which killed him at 
Sievershausen, 1553, fired by a traitor, it is said; 
Tilly's general's staff; armour of Gustavus Adol- 
phus, with his sword and baton. 

7th Room — Contains modem weapons from 1620 
down to the present day. Polish, and Saxon, and 
modern French. 

8th Room — This room contains the tent of the 
Vizier Kara Mustapha, token at the siege of 
Vienna, 1683; armour and sabre of John Sobieski; 
also Turkish carpets, arms, &c. 

9th Room — Contains harness and trappings, 
robes, &c., used at coronations and on public occa- 
sions, some of the harness being inlaid with 
pearls and rubies, and other precious stones; also 
state robes; a collection of shoes of different 
countries; saddles; trophies; sledge bells of silver; 
an iron stirrup and remarkable spur, &c. 

10th Room — Court, &c., costumes, 16th to 18th 
century ; coat of Napoleon I., the boots which he 
wore at the battle of Dresden, 1813, and his coro- 
nation shoes; hat and sword of Peter the Great. 

Gallery of Anns (Gewehr Galieric); a fine col- 
lection of arms and weapons, stags' antlers, &c. 
Admission, 60 pf. ; extra in winter. 

The Porcelain Collection is on the second 
floor of the Museum, and consists of nearly 15,000 
specioDcns of china, chronologically arranged, from 
the first rude attempts to the finest productions of 
Meissen work. Here ore specimens of Sevres j 
(given by Napoleon), Italian, Chinese, and Japanese 
porcelain ; Florentine and Roman mosaics ; Saxon 
marbles; and many beautiful vases and figures. 
Buveral of Buttger's earliest attempts are here. 
This is probably the finest collection of porcelain 
yyy vxlgience. The Royal Factory for Dresden 
^A/„a Mat Meissen, two or tpree hourM down the 

'•<^0psgre jjg). 



The Zoological and Ethnographical Museum^ en- 
trance on the south-west side of the Zwinger. It was 
partly injured during the insurrection of ^ay, 
1849, when the Herbarium of Professor Reichen- 
bach was destroyed ; this has been replaced by a 
botanical collection given by the Queen Dowager. 
Here are 6,000 specimens of birds. In the Minercd- 
ogical Museum arc minerals from the Saxon mines, 
among which is amass of fine silver which served 
as a table for the Elector at the Schneeberg 
mine. Open, free, Sunday, Monday, and Thursday, 
] 1 to 1 ; Wednesday and Saturday, 1 to 3 ; closed 
Tuesday and Friday. Minerals: free, Monday, 
Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, 9 to 1 ; Wednes- 
day, 2 to 4 ; closed Saturday and Sunday. 

The CaMnet of Engravings, in the ground floor 
of the Zwinger, fills 12 rooms. It contains more 
than 300,000 prints, from the first discovery of the 
art, about 1466, to the present time; including 
some rare specimens by Pollajuola, Finiguerra, 
Albert DUrer, Van Eyck, &c. Also a collection of 
designs by the old masters ; coloured engravings ; 
and oriental paintings ; and an interesting collec- 
tion of above 300 portraits of celebrated persons 
of mcdern times, with their autographs attached. 
It was founded by Vogel, the Dresden painter, 
and presented by him to the collection in 1832. 
Open daily (except Mon.), 10 to 3; Sun., 11 to 2; 
Tucs., Thurs., and Friday, free; other days, 50 pf. 

The Academy of Ai-t and the Art Exhibition 
are on the Briihl Terrace. 

The Roman Catholic Cemetery is in the Fried- 
richstadt, near the Ostra Gehege, a well-wooded 
spot. It contains the tomb of Permoser, the 
sculptor (a Descent from the Cross), by himself; 
the two painters Casanova; of Schlegel; the 
painter Gerard von Kiigelchen, murdered at 
Dresden, 1820; of Weber; Dorothea Tieck. 
Weber composed his Der Freischiitz at Hosterwitz. 
near Dresden, and was the Director of the Opera 
here. A Statue of him, by Rietschel, faces 

The New Court Theatre, a handsome building, 
facing the Court Church, rebuilt since afire, 1869, 
by Professor Semper. It holds 1,700 persons, 
and Js nearly 240 feet square, and 90 feet high. 
The Curtain \& \>y H.\]\m«T. kv \\\& entrance are 



Route 31.] 



ltlXl>-fiOOK TO OERyAKr» — DRE8rRN, KNVlROKSi 



109 



H«lifere, Aristophanes, Shakespeare, and Euripides, 
by Rietschel and HUhnel. The reliefs on the 
face of the building are by H&hnel. Schillings' 
Dionysius and Ariadne stands in front. 

The Medical School, formerly the Academical 
Buildings, has some paintings by Casanoya, in 
the basement. The Kanfhalle for the Trades is 
faced by a colonnade. 

The Freemasons' Lodge in the Ostra-alI€e is a 
very fine building in the Florentine style; and 
the Orangerie Haus here also deserves notice. 

At the end of the Oberseeg^sse is Dr. Struve's 
Mineral Water Institution, built 1821, and resorted 
to by patients in sununer. The Oroste Oarten, on 
the east, is a fine park, containing some wooded 
clumps, vases, and marble groups by Corralini 
and Balestre. In the centre of It is the Lustschlosg, 
in which are now located a Museum of AntiquitieSj 
chiefly Saxon ecclesiastical. Open in summer 
daily, 50 pf. In winter, November to April 
inclusive, 8i>ecial application and higher fees. 
Here was fought the Great Battle of Dresden^ 
27th August, 1818, when the Allies advanced 
on the 'city, then occupied by Napoleon, and 
were defeated with the loss of 25,000; a result 
brought about chiefly by Mhrat's splendid cavalry 
charge on the Austrian foot at Lubona. The total 
number of combatants was upwards of 8C0,0OO. 
This was the last pitched battle in which Napo- 
leon was victor. It was attended with the death 
of the poet K5mer, who wrote the well-known 
lines to his Sword just before the battle, and of 
Moreau, as mentioned below. 

Emyihovs.— The Llnckes'sche Bad, at the north- 
east end on the borders of the river, in the Schiller- 
strasse, is a garden beautifully situated, affording a 
fine view of Dresden. Wolfshtigel is another fine 
point of view. A little farther on Is the Wald- 
schlSsschen Brewery, celebrated for its beer and 
the fine Tiew from its terrace; and accessible by \ 
omnibus. Near this is the Alhrechtiberg, with two | 
chateaux belonging to Prince Albert of Saxe 
Altenberg. 

More distant excursions to Kdnignceinherg, the ' 
former residence of the Dowager Queen, where 
there is a splendid view; And 

To ZfiifMi^/r, on the right bank of the Elbe, 



where ^ScAi//«r resided in a house belonging to the 
father of KSmer, and wrote his "Don Carlos." A 
good restaurant here. 

At Blatewitz, the birth-place of the composer 
Naunmann, opposite Loschwitz, lived "Gustel Von 
Blasewltz," the daughter of a clergyman there, 
whom Schiller has introduced into his '^Wallen- 
stein'i Lager," in revenge for her dislike to him. 

At Racknitz^ south-east of the town, is the 
Monument to Moreau, a block of stone with a 
helmet on it, placed between three oaks. Moreau, 
sitting on horseback by the Emperor Alexander's 
side, at the battle of Dresden just mentioned 
(in which he fought against Napoleon), was struck 
by a ball which passed through one leg, through 
his horse, and through his other leg ; it was fired 
at the distance of 2,000 yards. His legs were buried 
on the spot, and his body was taken to St. Peters- 
burg. Not far from this monument, at the 
Grenz stein, is a fine view. 

An excursion may be made to Tharandt, pass- 
ing Feldsschlussehcn, and Plauensche Grundy a 
romantic valley on the Weisseritz, shut in by 
walls of red sandstone. There is an inn where 
Hungarian wine and other refreshments may be 
had. Plaucn, on the Chemnitz railway, is the 
nearest station. Farther on is a well-known inn, 
called "The Steiger," and still higher is the 
"Juchhc Inn," both remarkable for good prospects. 

At Hainsberg, the Wilde and Rothe Weisseritz 
rivers unite; and beyond this is 

Tharandt (Stat.) 

Population, 2,600. 

Inn. — Deutschcs Haus. 

An ancient and picturesque place, in the valley 
of the Weisseritz. Mineral waters are drunk 
here; it is well known for its celebrated Forst- 
Academie, which yearly draws thither a number 
of students. The finest pohits are — Burg Tharandt, 
a ruined hunting seat of the Saxon princes, and 
the Forstgarten, containing the Belvedere temple, 
besides a beech wood with its splendid trees, "Die 
helligcn Hallcn." 

Another excursion from Dresden is to 

Moritxburg, a royal hunthig seat, II miles from 
Dresden ; built 1541 \ys \.Vk& ''EX'stfs-Njtsi^^'KsceNssss.^^sv^ 



110 



llUADRttA>\* 8 iLLtTfltBATBD 



[Sec. 2. 



the feathers of South American birds. In the 
dining-room are seventy-one very rare stags^ horns ; 
one of great size, the root being turned into a 
drinking cup. Four pairs of twisted horns remain 
as they were entangled by the living animals in 
fight. The paintings are chiefly hunting scenes. 
There is a phcasantry in the grounds. 

Kreische, about 9 miles from Dresden, is another 
fine spot with a bathing-house. It is the seat of 
the straw-plait manufacture. Augustus Bctd^ near 
the Radeberg Station (p. 121), is frequented in the 
season; also the beautiful Self ersdorf valley. Pill- 
nitz and Schandau are in the Saxon Switzerland. 

Dresden to Saxon Switzerland. 

(Sachsischc Schwciz.) 
This is a picturesque and hilly pai*t of the Elbe 
in the highlands of Meissen, beginning about 8 
miles above Dresden, much visited by tourists and 
the inhabitants of the capital. It extends from 
Pima, past Konigsberg and Schandau, to Tetschcn, 
on the Bohemian frontier, and for about six to 
eight miles inland. Schandau, 25 miles from Dres- 
den, is in the heart of the district. To the north 
of it are the sheep walks which yield the fine Saxony 
wool. There are no lakes or glaciers, or high moun- 
tains, to astonish the traveller, who might otherwise 
expect them, on account of the popular name of 
this district ; but it offers several fine points of view, 
and its geological character is quite unique. As 
an example of denudation it is only surpassed by 
the famous Yellowstone Rtglon, U.S. The high 
rocky walls of the Elbe, on both sides, are pierced 
by deep ravines and valleys — so narrow in some 
cases that they can only be travelled on foot. 
Broken rocks are piled together in the most 
fantastic shapes, occasioned by the gradual wash- 
ing away of the soft sandstone. The highest 
• points are the Great Winterberg, 1,850 feet above 
the sea ; and the Lilienstcin, opposite K<5nlgsstein, 
1,340 feet. 

All the best points are easily accessible, by 
steamer, up the river, several times daily; or 
by the Dresden and Prague Rail, five trains a day. 
T2je ran fonowB the south bank, with stations as 
^i^/oj^, near tbe landing pl&cea of the steamers, 
^^jZ-Z^^''^ ^^^ P^^/'c/pa; objects can be reached 
^ '"' ""^^^rwhe. PfftzschB ia the station for 



the Bastei view. KSnigstein, for its Castle and 
the Lilienstein. Krippen, for Schandau and the 
^uhstall. Niedergmnd, for Hemnskretschen, the 
Prebisch Thor, and Winterberg. 

Guides are not necessary, but they can be had 
for four marks a day, for which they will carry 
22 lbs. of luggage. Bearers also may be hired, two 
to a chair, for those who require them, at certain 
fixed charges, to the best points of view. 

A Pedestrian Tour from Dresden may be made to 
Konigs Weinberg, Keppmtlhle, the Forsberg, 
Pillnitz, the Lochmiihle, and Lohmen ; thence to 
the Bastei, to Hohnstein, and down to Schandau, 
which is a good starting point for the whole dis- 
trict. Thence to the Kuhstall, the Winterberg, Pre- 
bischthor, to Hemns Kretschen, Obergrund, Tets- 
chen, thence by steamer down to Dresden, or by 
land round to the Schneeberg, Schweizermiihle, 
and KSnigstein Castle; up the Lilienstehi, and 
back to Pima and Dresden. 

The stations of the Dresden and Prague line are 
as follow: — 



Dresden (Neustadt and 
Alstadt) to Miles. 

Niedersedlitz 

Miigeln 7* 

Pima 4l} 

[Branch to Berggiess- 
hilbel] 

Potzscha 

Rathen 

KcJnigstein 22 



Miles. 

Schandau 

[Branch to Bautzen] 

Krippen 25f 

Schona 

Niedergrund 

Totschen 40 

[Branch to Anssigj 

Bodenbach 40| 

[Two tunnels, 468 feet 
and 905 feet.] 
Thence to Prague, see Route 68. 

Starting from Dresden we come to 
Pima (Stat.)— population 14,000— near Mount 
Calta, at the beginning of the Saxon Switzerland, 
near the old Castle of Sonnenstcin. Beyond 
this is Keppmtihle, a romantic spot, near a fine 
point of view at Zuckerhut. From Pima, a 
branch line of 8J miles (in connection with one 

from Berlin) runs to Rottwemfldorf, Neuen- 
dorf, Langenliennersdorf, and Berggiess- 

hlibel, through some pretty scenery. 

Pillnitz (Lion) is the summer Palace of the King, 
in a beautiful part of the Elbe, near the Porsberg. 
It consists of four pavilions at the four comers of 
a square, built since 1788, a mixture of the Italian 
and Chinese styles. Next to this is the new Palace, 
rebuilt sVncetY).Q&c« ol\%\.^cni\^<e^%\Vft^l kxicnstus 
I n.'s Castle. He.T« axe ^^ottiaiiU vodi tt«iK»«k \a^ 



HoUtcaU.] IIASC-BOOU t'J tlKBSlA 

Iha banqueting ro«n Bnd Chapel, by Vogel^ wktl 
a Thentre. There are »ine rare plants In lb 
goMein, and a bear pit. Here IhB Bmpcro 
■.eopold II., K1n« Frederick WlllUm IL, andlb 
Coont d'Artole (Charles X.) lormed tho coalltlo 
of PiUnUz. 23 August, 1791, Bgabisl tbe Fhqc 
BeTolutlan. From here the 
FriedrlQhsthal leads op to the Pobrsberg. 



IV.— S A Son SWITXEBLAKC. 



iTem snrrounded by n>i*», 
ion Prlncei kepi bsan for 
to the Uubniteln, by tlie 
Ine Ticws. Hence, In thne 





the Bostcl, takJDg In the whole chain of hlUs from 


rospect of tbe Elbe from Melaseu to KBnlgsteln. 




The Weinlti flows between walls o( rock or 


Ti(fe Onnd. a gloomy xolley between high 


ailne, at the bottom of tbe Uebetholor Qrundi 


lireclpioes, on the Ochel, whkh. with tbe Pideni- 


rom which there 1> a nay np to the Locbmilble. 


boch and Sebnllzbaeb. here nnllo to form tba 


mill BO called ; beyond wblch Is Daube. 


Idcbsbocb, Past tbe Elbe yon proceed tbroagh 


At ioj™™, on the iwky edge of the valley. 


,he village of Wendlschfihre. on the Elbe, to 






nandlng a Ane view. Descend to 


Bchandaa (But.) 


CKHMldH- Oi-muf, a cleft formed of rooke, from 
11 to 81 ard high. Thenca through tboTcu/cli- 


fnni.— Sendl'g Hotel and Pension; Forsthani 
inU Deutschcs Hausi Sichilsche Scbweiz: 


II h D il'i Kltctieu) and IiaUengmnd (Hell 


Dampscblffi Goldner Engel. 






™ peaks, and remarkablo for the eitcnsive 
pM enjoys from the Inn lower. It lakes 




(or visiting tbe neighbonrbood lelsnrely, by ne»m, 
rail, or otherwise. It (aces Krippen Station, on 
Ibe Dresdeu andPrague line. AXKirKilachtlul.\a 


ho h des of the river, tbo villages of Ratben 




d Web en KUnlgstoln Castle, the Ullcnberg 
nd W e berg, as far as the Scbneeberg, Ac., 


for weak nerves, plies, *e. It is sheltered by ■ 

bust of Luther was placed as a memorial of the 
aeformatlon Jubilee In 1817. 
From8chandautolheKohstall,in three hour^ 


pannre PetUOlUi (SUt.). opposite the little 
awn of Wehlen, to which there Isa fctryi and 




Hong tho KlrnltDchlhal, a vaUey hemnied In by 


•llparuarefouodhere. FromtheBasteldown lo 


The Ktihilall (cow-houie) Is an open cleft or arch. 


Slider RMhm (on Inn) by a way leading pnst 


iOfeel high. 30fcelbroad.tbr«uirh which there 1» 



I; Sifchilscbe acbweli. 





I nlghfs lodging may he had. Fr 


omt 


:ub 




leep path conducts down 








d, and thence to the Kleiner 






rbcrg, l,Slfl feet high, on Ibe 


top 


whi 




n, wilb a fine prospect. An 


nscrl 




n Oero 


mn and Latin, narralea that 






irtM *« 




M 


■«w 


s tomv 


Ha «, \uA™> **<n^*Wji 


1 


Ui 


aM^tis 


«A t«Ai «,*v«ir-" 





112 



fiBAt>fiHAW'(» ILLCSTRATBD 



[See. 2. 



shot. Here are two isolated rocks of sandstone • 
and basalt, close together, both of the same j 
height, and alike in shape. In the neighbour- ; 
hood are the Bchranunstein and the Pabststeln, 
the latter nearly 1,500 feet high, and a fine point 
of view. 

From the Kleiner Winterberg, in three-quarters 
of an honr, yon reach the 

Cfrosser Winterberg^ a dark gray mass of basalt, 
1,850 feet above the sea, and 1,500 aboye the Ell)e. 
The inn at the top orerlooks the greatest part of 
Saxony, and part of Bohemia, from the Rieseu- 
gebirge to the Kulmberg at Oschatz, a circle about 
60 miles in diameter. Nearly 8 miles from this 
(on Bohemian ground) is another point of view, 
the Prehitch Thor, 1,410 feet, so called from a 
natural gate (thor), formed of a smooth rock, 
50 feet long, at the summit of a peak resting on 
two pillars of rock C6 feet high. There is a 
splendid landscape from the inn near this. After 
descending the Biela, between deep precipices, the 
valley widens, and the river joins the Kamnitz, to 
fall at length into the Elbe. 

From Schandau, rail to Neustadt, NlOdOT- 

neukircli, and Bautzen (page 121). 
Hermskretclien, on the Elbe. 

The nearest station to this is Schiina or Nicder- 
grund (as below), both on the opposite bank. 

Tourists may end their excursion here, return- 
ing by steamer, past KSnigstein, to Dresden ; or 
they may extend the journey up to Tctschen, past 
Rasseln and Laube. At 

Nledergrund (Stat.), the first in Bohemia, the 
passport will be demanded at the Custom-house, 
and luggage examined. Beyond this, a granite 
rock bears the statue of St. Adalbert, the patron of 
sailors. Opposite Rasseln, on the other bank, rises 
a steep called RosenwHnd. Then follow Mittel- 
grund, at the foot of the Lachenberg, and 

Obergrund, at the foot of the Dreiberg. Here 
steamers may be taken for the ascent of the Elbe, 
to Tctschen, in two hours; they lie close to the 
S&chsischc-Bumischen Schwitz Inn. There is a 
bathing house on the hill above. 

Tetsehen (Stat.) 

J*o7>vi^Tjos, 5,000. 
y^f*^.— Krone i SJlbemer Stem. 
»amll town and the Ust place in Saxon 
■»«»<', Mt Its Bobemitm extremity. Steamers 



daily down to Dresden. The seat of Count Von 
Thun on a cliff over the min, about 116 feet high, 
is a fine point of view. A time gun is dis- 
cliarged every day at noon, by means of the 
sun's rays. A paper and cotton factory are in the 
neighbourhood. From here a guide may be taken 
for ascending the Sclmeeberg. Three huts are on 
the top, with an inscription — ^^Monumentum 
astronomico-geometricum — ^The highest point of 
the mountain, under the 50th degree, 2,225 feet , 
2,370 feet above the sea." The view embraces the 
whole of Saxon Switzerland. It is four hours 
to the Hydropathic Establishment at Schweizer- 
miihle and the caverns in the Bieler Grund ; and 
two hours from that to Konigstein. 

XdnlgBteln (Stat.) 

POPL'LATION, 3,790. 

Inns. — Blauer Stem ; Sachsische Schweiz. 

A small town under the picturesque Castle, 
which stands on an almost impreffnable height, 
nearly 1 mile round, 820 feet above the river, 
and 1,100 feet above the sea. Permission may 
be obtained to visit it at the gate. Fee, 4 m. for 
a party. An ofllcer acts as guide. It is strongly 
fortified on every side, and is only reached by 
drawbridges. Hero are barracks for 1,200 men, 
with bomb-proof vaults and casemates; a bust 
of King Frederick Augustus, who retreated 
here (1760) in the Seven Years' War; a well 600 
feet deep ; an arsenal, and a state prison. The 
garrison church has an altarpiecc by Lucas Cranach. 
At the Commandant's house are portraits of many 
Commandants. There arc caves for storing pro- 
visions; with gardens, and a little pasture and 
woodland. The royal archives and treasures are 
removed hither in war time. The circuit of the 
rock should be made to enjoy the fine prospects all 
round. In October, 1866, Saxony was obliged by 
treaty to give up this important military post to 
Prussia, with the command of her army, rails, and 
telegraphs, and to pay 1 i millions of thalers towards 
war expenses. 

Across the river is the Lilienstein, a taller peak, 
marked by an obelisk on the top, 1,840 feet above 
the sea. It is nearly 2 miles distant. About the 
same distance to the south-east is the PfaffensteiOf 
another peak nearly as high. 

1 POPULITIOH, \4,«». 



Boute 32.] 



HAMD-BQOK TO OBBMAKT.— KOirX08TBnc, HEISSBN. 



lU 



/fNW.— Schwarzer Adler; ForiUiaas. Bnffet. 

A tluiring town on the Elbe, nMur the Sonnen- 
•tein, irhere Frederick the Great defeated the 
Saxons, 1756. It is bnilt of stone, from the large 
goarries in the neighbourhood, from which grhid- 
ftones, millstones, and stones for statuaries are also 
procured. Here are a fine Gothic Church with 
stained windows : a Dominican Churcli, built 1361; 
and a handsome new Waisenhaus or Orphan 
Asylum. At the top of the 

Sonnenstein are a castle and restaurant, with a 
splendid view of the valley of the Elbe. The Castle. 
which had been dismantled in the Seven Years' War, 
was afterwards converted into a Lunatic Asylum. 
In 1813 it was again fortified by Napoleon, and 
restored to its present use at the concluaion of the 
war. There is a convalescent house nearer the town. 
A line, 13 miles lopg, runs from here to Amsdorf 
{on the Dresden line), thence 15| miles to yflrT"'^"*. 
At DUrrohrsdor/y between Amsdorf and Pima, a 
short branch goes off to Neustadt^ and Schandaa 
(page 112). From Pirna it is 2| miles to Gross 
Seidlitz and its royal castle, and thence 4 miles to 

TTeeftffM^et'n.trhlch has a remarkably-built Castle, 
the prq>erty of Prince John of Saxony, on a rock 
}n the valley of the Mtlglitz. It is eight storeys 
high, with three corners and a high tower. The 
chapel is on the topmost storey ; the stables are on 
the third, and the cellar is on the fif t}i storey. Inhere 
are many portraits of Austrian, Saxon, and Ba- 
varian princes. Thence is 1^ mile to Dohna, and 
then about 7 Xo Dresden. This completes the 
p^rpuit of Sa^on Switzerland. 

O TJ T E 3 S. 

Dresden to Lelpslc. 

(Leipzig-Dresdener Eisenbahn.) 
Stations as follow: — 



Dresden to Miles. 

KStzschenbroda ..■ 5 
rJSroncA to Meissen] 

Kosswig 8 

Pristewitz 19i 

Branch to Gossen- 
heim, Cottbus, & 
Posen.] 
Riesa 30i 



Miles. 
[Braiuihei to Chem- 
nitz, R(jderau, & 
Berlin.] 

Oschatz 89 

Dahlen 45 

Wurzen 56 

Borsdorf 65 

Leipsic 72 



There is another line vid D9beln (80 mUes), 
which travey'sei a more interesting country, \)\Lt 
pi0 express trttlnM go bjr Bieut. 



KOBSWlg (Stat.) Here the other line to 
Leipzig turns off near the Oberau tunnel, about 
300 yards long, passing Meisjien, Ac. 

CVelBsen (Stat) 

POPULATIOK, 19,000. 

Sotdt.^BixBch ; Blaner Stem ; Goldene Sohiff. 

A very old town on the Elbe, at the junction of 
the Meisi ; founded in 922 by Henry I., and which 
remained the seat of the Margraves of Saxony 
down to the thirteenth century, when they moved 
to Dresden. It is now celebrated for the govern- 
ment Porcelain Factory for Dresden China, estab- 
lished in 1710, upon its discovery by Buttger, in 
the old Castle of Albrechtsburg in the town, but 
now carried on outside. It employs 500 to 600 
persons. A stone bridge across the Elbe replaces 
one of the eleventh century. The Cathedral, or 
Domkirche, is a fine Gothic building, founded by 
Otho I., having some good windows and an open 
spire, which is ascended by a winding staircase. 
In the Princes' Chi^iel, built by Frederick the 
Valiant, 1425, are a bronze of th^ founder (md his 
son, Frederick the Meek, with several brasses. 
The old Palace of the Albrechtsburg, on a rock, 
was rebuilt 1471. It has been thoroughly restored, 
and is shown. A bridge crosses the ravine to 
the Princes* School, in the ancient convent of St. 
Afr^ A^ Buschbad is an iron-spring with a bath- 
house, which is much frequented.] 

^eSft (Stat.) Here railways Join from Chem- 
nlt?, Jiiterbog, Berlin, &c. The Castle was for^ 
merly a wealthy Benedictine convent. Branch to 

E5derau (Stat.) Here is a viaduct about 
1,000 feet long, near a bridge of eleven arches! 
The Dollnitz viaduct is about 800 yards long. 
The line goes on to Falkenberg and Berlin. 

Oschatz (Stat.) 

Population, 6,000. 

Jnn. — Weisses Boss. 

A walled town, with a handsome modem church. 
Formerly there was a fortress here against tha 
Wends. Witmu a few miles are Kolmberg, 819 feel 
high, a beautiful spot, and the old hunting castla 
of HubwUburgy where peace was concluded after 
the Seven Years' War, 15th Feb., 1763. Branchet 
toWerBUMlorf Cl4m^l^%^^*»A,^^^^a^^ij!ft^^^lB'^^ 



\ 




lU 



BRADSUAW'S ILLU&TRATED 



[Sec. 2. 



All old episcopal town on the Mulde, over which 
besides the railway bridge is another handsome 
bridge, built 1838. It was founded 1114, and has 
repeatedly suffered in the German wars, especially 
when taken by the Swedes in the Thirty Years' 
War. It has an old Town Hall ; a Cathedral with 
tombs of bishops ; and a Palace, built in 1497. 

Branch line to Glauchan (Route Si). 
LEIFSIG, German, Leipzig (Stat.), in Saxony. 

Population , 294,000. With Lindenau, &c., 
858,272. 

Hotels.— Hauflfe ; de Sedan; de Prusse; de 
Borne; de Russie; Falmbaum; Heller and Bam- 
berger; deBavibre; Hentschel's Private Hotel; 
Stadt Dresden. DotMe charges at fair-time. 

Cfe^^*.— Aeckerleins Keller, in the Market Place. 
Auerbach's Keller (cellar), celebrated in Goethe's 
Faust, in Grimma'sche-strasse, near the Market. 

Resident English Consul-Gbnerax. 

Post and Telbgbaph Office.— Augustus Platz. 

Anglo- Ahebican Episcopal Chubch Service— 
At the Church, Sebastian Bach-strasse. 

American Church Service. - Erste Blirger- 

schule ; 5 p.m. 

Conveyances.— Cabs, under 20 minutes, for 1 to 
4 persons, ^ mark to 1 mark ; from the railway 
stations, rather more; by the hour, U to 2 marks. 
Luggage, 20 pf . per package. 

Lelpsic stands in a wide plain, formerly a marsh, 
now drained, and watered by the Pleisse, and 
its branches, the Elster and Parde, on which 
the city stands. It was founded in the twelfth 
century by Otto the Rich, and is especially noted 
for its Book Trade, its three Fairs, its University, 
and the great Battle of 1813. It is the seat of 
the Superior Imperial Court. The Old Town con- 
sists of several narrow streets and old-fashioned 
houses near the market place; and is surrounded 
* by a ring of promenades on the site of the ancient 
walls, beyond which are the five modem suburbs, 
each of which is as large as the Old Town. The 
Promenadeti are laid out with trees and gardens, 
and adorned with statues and other memorials, and 
public buildings. 

^ ^AZBs. — The Jubilate Messe, or Easter Fair, 
fififf^s on the Jubilate or 2nd Sunday after Easter, 
*4fMia,t important of the three. The Miebaelis- 



messe, on 2nd Sunday after Michaelmas. Neu- 
Jahrsmesse, on New Tear's Day. They last three 
weeks ; and have been held regularly since 1458 — 
two since the twelfth century. Booths are erected, 
and merchants and traders come from all parts of the 
vrorld, especially from the East. At these seasons 
the population is doiibled. The business done is 
reckoned at several millions. Lelpsic is the centre 
of the German book trade ; every bookseller in (jrer- 
many (about 4,500 firms) having an agency here 
among about 800 resident booksellers and publishers 
who act in that capacity. There are 250 presses at 
work, and the value of the books printed annually 
is about £250,000. Here the works of Brockhaus, 
Tauchnitz, Ac, are issued. The '* Gartenlaube ** 
has a sale of 300,000. At Easter the German book- 
sellers meet to balance accounts at their Buch- 
hSndler BSrse (Book Exchange), built 1836, in 
Rittersstrasse. Lelpsic is also noted for its manu- 
factures of pianos and paper. 

The great Battle o/Leipsic^ which determined the 
fate of Europe after the Revolutionary war, by the 
defeat of Napoleon, was fought on the wide plain 
of the Eister, to the S.E. of that town, 1^ hour dis- 
tant, near the line to Dresden, on 16th, 17th, and 
18th October, 1813. The AUies, under Prince 
Schwarzenburg, numbered 800,000; the French 
about 180,000 with a total of 2,000 guns. The 
French loss was 60,000. The principal points are 
marked by memorials, and are seen from the 
Observatory. Twenty villages were burnt. The 
Elster is not more than a brook, but its sides are 
deep and steep. This was the eighth great battle 
fought in 880 years aa the great plains surrounding 
the city. 

Churches.— The Nikolaikirch, a fine old build- 
ing, erected 1525, and restored 1785. It has paint- 
ings by Oeser, a good organ, and stone pulpit. . 

Thomaskirche, restored 1816, has an excellent 
organ. The choir sing on Saturdays at one o'clock ; 
and on Sundays in the morning, alternately "at St. 
Thomas and St. Nikolas. The PauHneritirehe, or 
University Church, which has a monument of 
Margrave Diezman. Johanneskirche, in Johannes 
Platz, is near a Cemetery, with tombs of Gellert, 
RQsenmilller, Tzschinier, and Pplitz. 

The CkrthQlic ChurcK o\t'^sM&\A W<^ ¥\ftiu«nbarg, 
it a modeTn QtOXYiVfe^ \%\^. PeterdcVt^e^ Vtv Vtv% 



Boute 32.] 



HAND-BUOK TO OKBMAMY. — LBIP6IC. 



115 



Schlctter-Platz, belongs to the Old Catholics. : 

Imperial Law CourU^ erected 1895, oae of the 
finest modern buildings in Germany, fronting 
Simsonstrasse, near left bank of the river. 

The University is one of the best in Germany, and 
well endowed. It was founded 1409, and consists 
of three colleges— the Paullnum, the Ftlrsten Col- 
legium, and the Augnsteum, on Augustus Platz. 
The last is a handsome pile, 800 feet long, built 
1835, by Schlnkel, as a memorial to King Frederick 
Augustus, includhig the Aula, or Great Hall, 
adorned with busts of Liebnitz (by Knaur), Her- 
mann, Ac, and twelve reliefs, by Rietschel. It 
contains several cabinets and museums, and special 
institutes, with a Library of 850,000 volumes, and 
4,000 MSS. Gessner, Emesti, Reiske, and other 
eminent names figure ia connection with it. There 
are about 120 professors and 3,600 students. 

The Town Library contains 300,000 volumes, 
and 3,000 MSS., hicluding several Oriental MSS., 
with a collection of coins and medals. There is a 
loan or People's Library, the oldest Free Library 
in Europe. 

At the Town Museum, in Augustus Platz, 
built 1858, by Lange, is a picture gallery of Ger- 
man and French masters, the gift of Schletter and 
others ; besides Lampe's collection of engravings. 
Open Sunday, Wednesday, and Friday, free, 11 to 
3. Other days, entrance 60 pf., 10 to 3. 

Another collection of paintings is that of Baron 
Speck, at Liitzschena. The Historical Society has 
a collection of church and other relics. 

The Rfithhaus (Town Hall), hi the large Market 
Place, is one of several old buildings here ; erected 
1599, in the Renaissance style. Here the Allied 
Sovereigns met after the battle. The Xonigshaus^ 
belonging to the king, was occupied by Napoleon 
as his head-quarters. Here Schwarzenburg died 
in 1820. AuerhadCs Cellar ^ mentioned in Goethe's 
''Faust/* is round the comer. Other buildings 
are the Burgerschule ; New Theatre, built 1868, 
in the Italian style, with caryatides on the front, 
looking over the Sehwanenteich, or Swan's Lake; 
Old Theatre; Cloth Hall; Central Halle; the new 
Barracks, near the Pleissenburg; and XlitJohannis- 
stift, or House for the Aged (400), a large ptte, on 
,4i iaci«f, 478fbet locgr, with wings of 230 fe«t, and 
M tptre of les feet* .. . , 



A Synagogue hi the Centralstrasse, was built 
1855, by Simonsou. r 

The Pleissenburg, near Petersthor, is part of the 
old fortification, including Prince Maurice's Citadel 
of the sixteenth century, on the site of Dietrich's 
Castle (1218). Its high, round tower having 
an extensive view of the neighbourhood, and of the 
field of battle, waa used as the Stemwarte or 
Observatory, till this was moved to Johannisthal. 
There are several Monuments in the grounds on 
the site of the fortifications. Before the Petersthor ia 
Oeser'i marble statue of Kfaig Frederick Augustus 
(1817). Between the Grimma and Halle Gates is 
one to Burgomarter Miiller, who first planned the 
gardens. Others are dedicated to Thaer, the agri- 
culturist (1858), opposite the Burgerschule; to 
Gellert, on the Schneckenberg; to HiUer the com- 
poser (by his pupils), on the promenade before the 
Thomaspfortchen ; to Sebastian Bach (by Mendel- 
ssohn), on the Anlagen promenade; and to Hahne- 
mann, the founderof Homoeopathy— a bronze sitting 
figure hi the Theaterplatz. He practised his new 
system here till he was driven away by the apothe- 
caries. There is, or was, on the Esplanade, a Temple 
to Leibnitz, inscribed "Ossa Leibnitii." He wus 
bom here, 1646. Other natives were Thomasius^ind 
Fabricius. Schiller lived in Hainstrasse to 1785-9. 

At QerhardCs Garden (formerly Reichenbach's), 
where a bloody battle was fought, 1813, is a cubi- 
cal stone Monument to Joseph Poniatowski, who 
was drowned, 19th October, in the Elster, which 
flows past, and was at that time greatly swollen. 
The premature blowing up of the bridge on the 
RanstSdter road was the occasion of his death and 
of great disasters to the French in their retreat. 
A larger monument has stoce been erected to him. 
by the Poles, with a cast of Thorwaldsen's statue. 
New Concert Hall, near the Botanical Garden ; 
and Johanna Park ; the Milch Insel, with its Ball 
Memorial of the War; Reichel's Garden, and 
the Johaniiesthal, near the New Cemetery, are 
other open spots hi the suburbs. The Rosenthal 
leads to the village of Goh]is,and to the house 
in which Schiller lived, marked by a tablet. 

Near StiJtteritz, on the Grimma road, a Stone 
Gube« surroundftd, Vs Vwwv tSyssAs^ ^s«v x. xsc^.^ 

\ ^Xv^ Battle. KX. T*^ve««^ N'' ^ ^^-^-^^^^^ ^ 



il6 



BBAOSHAW'S ILLUBTSATBD 



[Sec. 2. 



RoasUn general, Manteuffel; also one of Captain i 
Bowyer, who conuuanded the English congreve 
rocket battery, then tried for the first time. A 
monument to Prince Scliwarzenberg, the Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Allies, was erected by his 
sons, 1838, at Meusdorf, where he stood. Monu- 
ments also are placed on the Monarchenhilgel, from 
which the Allied Sovereigns wtnessed the attack 
upon Probstheyda, the French centre, which was 
taken and retaken four times. The tradition is 
believed to be without foundation. At Liebert- 
wolkwitz, near Wachau, Murat's cavalry engaged 
the Allied horse. Nearly all these sites are visible 
from the Dolitz Ch&teau, on the Pleisse. Blucher's 
corps fought Ney's, near BrtitenfeJd, on the road 
to Berlin ; where a monument, surrounded by eight 
jjUnA trees, commemorates a previous victory which 
Oustavus Adolphus obtained here, September 17, 
UMl, over Tilly. KleinztehocJier is the seat of 
Baron Tauchnitz, the great publisher. 



S8- 

Dresdan to Freiberg, Ghemnita, Zwickau, 

and Hof. 

stations, as under— (10 kils=6 English miles):— 



Miles. 
Flbha 42 

^Branch to Anna- 
berg.] 

Niederwiesa 45 

Chemnitz 50 



Dresden to Miles. 

Potschappel 4i 

Tharandt 8| 

Klingenberg 15^ 

Freiberg 25 

[Branch to Nossen] 
Oederan 36 

Then by rail to Zwickau and Hof, as below. 
From Zwickau, by a short branch rail to Werdau, 
on the Saxon Bavarian line, six English miles. 

The connection with Riesa, on the direct line 
f i^om Berlin, is shown as follows : — 

Riesa to Chemnitz, Zwickau, Werdau, and Hof 
(Sachsische Staatseisenbahnen). 



English 
Riesa to miles. 

Diibeln Iftf 

[Branch to Koss- 
wein (branch to 
Halnichen),Dre8- 
den, and Leipsic] 

Waldheim 22 

Mlttweida 30 

Ob'erlichtenau 86 

CfifiojfiJtP* » ^2 

5^3a¥«^ to Annfi- 



L 



English 
miles. 

St. Egidien 55 

Glauchau 61 

Zwickau 72 

[Branch to Schwar- 

zenberg.] * 
Werdau (junction 
for Leipsic.) 

Reichenbach 86^ 

PJ^ueji 1014 

Mehlthoner 109 

Reaih 114 

^of., 110 



From Dresden* u in Route 81, to 

FREIBERO (Stat.), in Saxony. 

Population, 28,954. 

Ikxs. — Hotel de Saxe; Schwarzes Ross. 

Rail and Diligences. — See Bradskaa's Con- 
tinental Guide. 

An old imperial city and mining town, founded 
by Otto of Saxony, 1176, as the Freetown or 
fortress. It stands on the north slope of the 
Erzgebirge (or Ore mountains), on the Munzbach, 
near the Mulde, about 1,340 feet above sea; and 
is the chief mineral court in the kingdom. Above 
100 mines of silver, lead, and copper are worked in 
the neighbourhood. It was formerly walled round, 
but the remains of fortifications are turned into 
gardens and promenades. 

The Berg-Akademie, or Mining Institution, is a 
very celebrated school for scientific miners from 
all quarters, established 1765, and revived again in 
1826. Werner, who gave name to the Wemerian 
theory of rocks, was one of Its seven professors 
from 1775 till his death In 1817. He bequeathed to 
It his rich Mineral Collection of 100,000 specimens, 
besides his Greek and Roman coins, which are to 
be seen here ; as well as a good library, a valuable 
collection of machines, tools, chemical apparatus, 
Ac. A preparatory school is attached to it. A. Von 
Humboldt, Von Buch, Jameson, Brocchi, Ac, were 
all pupils of Werner. 

The old Castle of Freudensteln or Frlesteln, the 
seat of the former princes, who resided here in the 
sixteenth and seveteenth centuries, Is now a military 
storehouse. Protestantism was here favoured by 
Henry the Pious, 1587. The Waisenhans, for 
orphans, is a wealthy endowment, foimded 1224. 
There are seven Churches ; the best of which is the 
Dom, a Gothic church, built 1484-1513, on the site 
of St. Martin's cathedral. Here are two stone 
pulpits; a good chancel; one of Silbermann's 
organs; and the graves of several dukes and 
electors, from Henry the Pious (1541) down to 
George IV. (1694). There is a fine marble monu- 
ment, by Florus of Antwerp, to Maurice of Saxony, 
who was killed at Sivershausen (1558) whUe gain- 
ing a victory. They show his armour with the 
hole made 'Vry t\ie YraW^X.. KXsa l&nKnsaAats of 
Anna ol Deumwc^ «n^ Yv«t «\iMit iaL«k^:^%\ %xi^ 



RottM d3.j 



HAND-BOOK TO GfiBHAlir. — rSl£fiBBO, ZWICKAU. 



117 



of Werner (1^17). This last is near the Goldene 
Pforta (or Golden Door), a richly-carred porch, in 
the Byzantine style, of the twelfth century. 

The ancient Rathhans, in the Market Place, built 
1410, has a collection of armour, and the carved 
head of Kunz von Kaufungen, who was beheaded 
here 14 July, 1456, for carrying off the young 
Saxon Princes, Albert and Ernest, from the Castle 
of Altenburg. A stone of green porphyry marks 
the spot. 

At the Peters-thor (Peter's Gate), is a beautiful 
Monument, erected 1844, to commemorate the 
defeat of the Swedes, 1642-3. The Town was be- 
sieged four times in the Thirty Years' War. A 
Monument to Werner stands near the Kreuzthor. 
The manufactures here are silver lace, iron, 
copper, and brass goods, white lead, powder, &c. 
Near Freibui^, the Imi)erialist8 were defeated 
Oct. 1762, at the close of the Seven Years' War. 

The amalgamation and smelting works at Halt- 
brUci close by are worth seeing; and several 
mines (grube) are also on view, by permission of 
the Superintendent, such as Himmelfahrt (Ascen- 
sion), Himmelsflirst (Prince of Heaven), near 
Brand, Neu Gottessogen (God's Blessing), Mord- 
grube (Murder), Bcschert Gltick (Luck-giving), 
Fred. Augustus, near Gross Schirma, the Chur- 
prinz, and others. The Himmelfahrt, employing 
about 1,500 hands, has superseded the Himmels- 
fiirst, formerly the richest about here. Annual 
yield of silver, about three million marks. At the 
Drei Kbnige (Three Kings) mine is a Monument 
(1888) to a former Superintendent, Von Herder, 
inscribed with the miner's usual salutation, 
"Gliick auf" (Here's luck), and '' Here rests the 
Workman's True Friend." The best view of the 
town is obtained here. 
Rail to Grosshartmannsdorf. 
From Freiberg, a line was opened in 1878 to 

NoBBen; past Gross Voliptsberg, on the direct 

line to Leipsic. An extension from Nossen to 
Mlllda and Blenenxnilhle was opened 1876-7. 
At Nossen (Stat.) the line from Meissen and 
Dresden falls in. 

Oederan (Stat.) 

POPUULTIOV, 6,900. 

/nfM.— Hirsch} Pott. 

HereMre wMny WMven aod potters; and near 



\ 



it are Fltflia (Stat.), the birthplaee of the famous 
Statesman, Puffendorf; and the Castle ef Au|ptlf- 
tusburg, built 1672, on a tall cliff. From FlShaji 
direct line is open, vi& Pockau, Mafi^Ht^oifif, krA 
ReltseilliaiZL, towards Komotau. 

CHEMNITZ (Stat.), in Saxony. 

Population. 138,966. 

Inns.— RUmischer Kaiser; Stadt Gotha. 
Chemnitz (pron. '* Kemnitz") a large manufactur- 
ing town, formerly a free city of the Empire, on a 
wide plain at the foot of the Erzgebirge Hills, 980 
feet above the sea. It is well built and lighted, and 
contains many handsome streets and houses, the 
most modern being in the suburbs. Among them 
are the ScMoss KircTu, of the sixteenth century 
(rich portal), and the Jacohi Kirchi, Ivith ' fine 
paintings. Rathhaus and Theatre, Casino, and a 
Gewandhaus. Here are several large machine 
factories, cloth and woollen factories, also dyeing 
and bleaching works. Stocking weaving occupies 
many hands. The Castle (now a iCstaurant) in the 
neighbourhood was part of a Benedictine Abbey. 
A rail connects with Leipsic, via St. EgidiOll, 
Meerane, AltOnburg, Ac. There is a perfect 
network of lines round Chemnitz. 

Olaucliau (Stat.), see Route 34. 

ZWICKAU (Stat.), in Saxony. 

Population, 44,202. 

INNS.—Post; Grime Tanne; Anker (old). 

An old town on the Mulde, in a pleasant valley, 
under the Erzgebirge Mountains, among pre- 
ductive coal mines. Here are chemical works, 
and glass and porcelain factories, with woollen 
manufactures, &c. 

The Marienkirche, in the Gothic style of the 
fifteenth century, has a tower 250 feet high, with 
some good carvings and paintings by Wohlgemuth 
and L. Cranach. There is another of Cranach's in 
the Kathcrincnkirche (fifteenth century), of which 
MUnzer, the leader of the Thuringian peasanti, 
was minister. Around the Market Place are ihe 
Rathhaus, Cloth Hall, and Government Buildings, 
with a collection of minerals. At the High Schdol, 
or Gymnasium, is a library of 30,000 vols. Ostttr- 
stein Castle is now a House of Correction. 



118 



feRADSHJLW's iLLtTSTRATEH 



[Sec. 5. 



. Prom Chemnits (at above) a branch line turns 
off to Annaberg, as follows :— > 



Kils. 
Chemnitz to 

PlBha 18 

Erdmannsdorf 21 



KUs. 

Zschopan 47 

Wolkensteln 68 

Annaberg 80 



W61kensteln (Stat.) 

Population, 2,000. /nn.— S&chsischer Hof . 

A small town In a fine part of the Zschopan, 
having an old mined Castle of the Saxon princes 
on a fine point of view: and some alkaline springs 
near it; with a snlphur spa at Wiesenbad, 
farther off, useful in scrofula, Ac. 

Branch to JUhstadt. 

Annaberff (Stat.) PopuLATioy, i5,ooo. 

■ Jnna. — Gans; Wilder Mann. 

A mining town, on the slope of the PShlberg, on 
the Elbe, high up on the Erzgebirge range, 1,970 
feet above the sea. It was founded on the dis- 
covery of silver here in 1496. Tin and cobalt are 
also worked. 19k. Anne^s is a handsome church, 
with a painting by L. Cranach, and some good 
reliefs of the sixteenth century. The bone lace 
manufactory, begun by Barbara Uttmann, is still 
carried on ; a monument was erected to her in 
1884. Near here is the Lochauer Haide^ where the 
Elector, John Frederick, was made prisoner, in the 
battle acrainst Charles V. and Maurice of Saxony. 

Rail to Buchholz and Weipert. 



Leipilc, Chemniti, Werdau, Zwickau, Hof 

(Slichsische Staatseisenbahnen). 



English 
' Leipsic to miles. 

Altenburg 24^ 

GSssnitz 82A 

[Branch to 

' Meerane 89^ 

Glauchau 46i 

Chemnitz ... 67] 

Krhnmitschau 42 

Werdau 49 

[Branch to 

Zwickau 6 

Stein 18| 



English 
miles. 
Schneeberg... 25^ 

Aue 294 

Schwarzenbg 8l|] 

Kenmark 54 

[Branch to 

Greiz 7] 

Reichenbach 59| 

[To Eger, as below.] 

Planen 74 

Elster 

Hof 108 



Branch from Reichenbach (as above) to Eger. 



Reichenbach to Miles. 

Ketzschkau 8f 

X«oj«n/eJd 14| 

^aerbMcb 18 

^^^^ensteJa ^/j 



Omimnit* 



87 






MUes. 

Adorf — 

Elster 47 

Brambacb 66 

FrmngenahtLd 86 



Eg^r. 



701 



Eger is the station for the Carlsbad branch, and 
for Marienbad. 

The direct line from Leipsic to Chonnitz, W« 
Boma, 51 English miles long, passes Narsdorf, 
where branches strike off to Rochlitz and Penig 
for Glauchau. A line to EUenbUTg, of 14 miles, 
is open towards Torgau, Guben, Ac. 

From Chemnitz a line passes Aue and Zwota 
to Adorf (page 119). At Zwota are branches to 
Klingentlial, Falkenstein, and Herlasgriin. 

LelpslCi as in Route 32. Thence to 

ALTENBURQ (Stat), the Capital of Saxe- 
Altenburg. 

Population,* 81,439. 

Inns. — Hotel de Russie ; deSaxe; Thiiringerhof. 

Rail to Leipzic, &c. 

Good view of the town from the station. 

The residence of the Duke of Saxe-Altenberg, 
and an old Imperial City, near the Pleisse, about 
880 feet above sea level, in Thuringia. It has 
eight Churches; and a Ducal CVu/Ze fSchloss), on 
a porphyry rock, one of the largest in Germany, 
consisting of round towers as old as the tenth to 
thirteenth centuries, and a newer part, finished 
in the eighteenth century, inhabited by the 
ducal family. 

The Castle includes a gallery of paintings; 
the Kirchensaal (chapel), with scenes of Saxon 
history painted by L. Cranach ; and an armoury 
and chest of antiquities. They show the window 
on the north side by which Kunz von Kau- 
fungen carried off the two young princes, 
Ernst and Albrecht, on the night of 7th and 8th 
July, 1455, for which he was beheaded at Freiberg. 
The Princes lived to be the founders of the two 
chief lines of the Saxon house ; and one of them 
was ancestor of Prince Albert and his brother, 
who were named after them. The old family 
vault in the Castle Chapel is replaced by a newer 
one in a modem Gothic Chapel, in the Cemetery. 

At the Rathhaus, built in the middle of the 
sixteenth century (1564), are archives and library, 
and letters of Luther and Melanchthon. The 
Josephinium Gjrmnasium is a handsinne pile, 
finished 1842. The Lindenau Museum of paintings 
bequeathed to\YieXow\i>\%^^QnEvl«Liu« many Italian 
speclmena. ca«l», siM "vaafe*. O^w^ ^iJ^^^WvoX. 



Boute84.] 



MANO«BOOK TO GBBMANf. — JLLTAMBtTBO, PLAtJEN. 



tld 



. There is a promenade at the Damm or Lake. 
Prom Altenbarg there it a short line to Zeitz^ see 
page 120. 

Notice the high hats and short petticoats of the 
people. . Many are of Wendish descent. . 

QtfMniti (Stat.) 

Here the lines from Chemnitz, Zwickau, and 
Oera fall in. See Oera, page 120. Branch to 

COandian (Stat.) 

Population, 28,404. 

Inns. — Dentsches Hans; Adler. 

The second manufacturing town of Saxony, on 
the Mulde, in a beautiful country, belonging to 
the Princes and Counts of Schl)nl)erg, one of 
whose fine old Catties dates from the ninth century. 

From GSssnitz the rail as far as TTrlmiwIfjifthaii 
(Stal), and Werdan (Stal), goes through a 
country cultivated like a garden. 

Branch to Annatwrf through Nl6<ler8cblema 

from which there is a line to Schneeberg. 

[SetaneeberC (Stat.), or Schneeberg-NeustSd- 
tel, in the Erzgebirge circle. 

Population, 7,800. 

7niw.— Sachsisches Hans; Filrstenhaus; Ring. 

A well-built mining town on the Schneeberg 
Hill, near the Mulde, with which it communicates 
by canal. It was founded 1471, on the discoYery 
of a rich ailver-niae, now worked out. A tahla 
and benches of silver were used when the Chur- 
furst dined in the mine. The table is now at 
Dresden. Silver, cobalt, bismuth, lead, and tin 
are still produced. The manufactures include 
silver work, lace, chemicals, tobacco and snuff 
(called *'Schneeberger"). The handsome parish 
Churchy one of the largest in Saxony, contains a 
Crucifixion by L. Cranach, one of his best works. 
About 4 miles distant is Stem Castle, and the 
Prince's Cave^ in which Kmtz von Kaufungen con- 
cealed young Prince Ernest several days.] 

Belelient)ach (Stat.) Population, 21,498. 

/aim.— Lamm; Engel. 

A manufacturing town for woollen yams and 
goods, which has been partly rebuilt since the 
fire of 1 888 . Near this the rail crosses the deep val- 
ley of the Gliltxsch, by means of a Viaduct, one of 
the most remarkable in Germany. It is about 2,100 
feet long, and 286 feet high hi the middle, and resta 



lowest having nineteen arches, the highest twenty 
three. Beyond this is the Elstcrthal Viaduct, 230 
feet high. From Reichenbach rail, to Neumark, 
thence branch to Greiz, see page 121. 

FLATTEN (Stat.), in Saxony. 

Population. 47,000. 

Inns. — Engel; Deil; LiJwe; Eisehbahn. 

Rail to Leipsic, Nuremberg, &c. 

The capital of the Volgtland, so called from the 
imperial Voigt (Ad-vocate) who resided here ; and 
the chief seat of the muslin and embroidery manu- 
facture, known as Plauensche Waaron, or Plai^cu 
goods. Paper is also made. It stands in the 
picturesque valley of the White Elster; and has 
been improved since the fire of 1844. Here arc a 
Stadtkirche, with two towers, rebuilt since 1548; 
and the old Castle of the Voigt, called Radschin, 
which came to the Princes of Reuss. The name 
shows that the Wends had a settlement here. 

Oelsnltz (Stat.) 

Population, 4,300. 

It has one of the oldest churches in Saxony ; and 
is near the old mountain Ceutle of Voigtsberg, now 
the seat of a royal court. To Adorf, along the 
valley of the White Elster, where the Saxon pearl 
fishery is carried on. There is a string of beautiful 
pearls, from this part, in the Green Vault at 
Dresden. Rail to Falkenstein and Zwickau. 

Adorf (Stat.) 

Population, 8,000. /nn.— Post. In its neigh- 
bourhood is XUngentbal (Stat.), reached via a 
branch from Chemnitz (page 117), the seat of a 
manufacture of musical instruments and of cat- 
gut. Beyond is 

Elster Bad (Stat.), in a charming spot, among 
the Volgtland hills, 1,570 feet above sea level, noted 
for its alkaline and saline springs, which are fiUed 
up in a handsome building. They are both bathed 
in and dnink. Living is moderate. Excursions to 
various points of view, as the Mlihlhausen, to Sfhl, 
to the Heimberg(a splendidprospect),totheRape]- 
lenberg, to the heights at Wahlbach, iui. 

MeUtlieuer (Stat.), where the range of the 
Flchtelgebirge becomes visible. RailtoWeida, 
20 miles, thence to Werdau. 

The railway thence to Hof is about 21 miles^b-^ 



on 



four tlen of urchet^ one over another; the \ ^xoutv^iA^^^'o^^^^^^'V*^'^^^'^''^'^^'^'*'^*^^'*'^^^ ^ 



120 



Mtii>8fiJlVtt TLtV^RA!ttt 



[S^c. i. 



Bc&tfnlierg (Stai) ; diligence ie Schleiz (page 
320). 
fiof. See Route 41, from Monlch. 

The following places in the prhi<^pality of Renss 
adjoin the above line of rail. Or they may be 
reached by the raU from Weistenfels to Qera and 
8aaJfeld. 

The stations from Weissenfels are- 



Miles. 

kSstritz 

Gera 

Saalfeld 80 



Miles. 

Tenchem 10 

Zeitz 20 

Crossen 80 

ZEITZ (Stat.), in Pntssian Saxony. 

Population, 21,680. 

Inns. — Rronprinz; Bother LSwo; Baum. 

An old town of the Sorben Wends, on the White 
Elster, here crossed by a stone bridge. It is 
walled round, and has six gates. Upper Town 
on the hill side is steep and irregular. Here are 
spinning factories and manufactures of gloves, 
ribbons, and cashmere goods. It was the head of 
a bishopric, founded 968 by Otto the great, and 
afterwards moved to Naunburg. Upon being an- 
nexed to Saxony, 1564, it was bequeathed by the 
Elector, John George I. to his son Maurice, the 
head of the Saxe-Zeitz line, which became extinct 
1718. In 1815 it fell to Prussia. Of four 
churches, one, the Minster, stands in the court 
of the Moritzhurg^ a castle built 1653-64, by 
Duke Maurice, as a family seat, now turned into a 
house of correction, and hospital for the poor. At 
the Minster (or Trinity) Church, the old ducal 
family are buried in thirteen lead coffins. Here 
also are the remains of Julius Pflug, the last 
Roman Catholic bishop, who died 1564, and was 
the founder of the Gymnasium or High School, 
which contains a library of 12,000 volumes and 
some MSS. The ancient Rathhaus possesses a 
good portrait of Pflug. Near this is the old Bene- 
dictine convent of Posa. 

E5stritz (Stat.), near a Castle and Park. 

OERA Stat.) 
Population with Po|ipeln, 89,599. 

Inns. — Reussischcr Hof ; Frommater. 

^e cblef town of the principality of Reuss- 
<^^* ilaoce part of the SMXon Tbifirtland), in a 



joined by A canal. It itf 21 tSngUsh mU^s from 
Cktomits, (page il9X and is WMl built, hdvliig Wn 
restored since a fire in 1780. There are iojui 
churches, besides the ruined one of St. James ; a 
well-built Rathhaus ; an excellent Gymnasium, of 
High School ; and the Prince's Castle overlooking 
the town. In the neighbourhood are two of his 
country seats— viz.: Osterstein Castle, on the 
Hainberg, and Ronneburg, near a bath of the same 
name. Woollen and print goods, chemicAis, &c., 
are made here, with china at the Schloss Uhterm- 
hauB. 

From Gtora the stations to SaAlfeld are as 
under .'^ 



Eng. Miles. 

(Sera 

[Brandiio Weimar, 
Ac] 

Wolfsgefartk 4| 

[Branch to Greiz.] 
Weida 8 



Eng. Miles. 

Niederp^Unitz 13 

Triptis IS 

Neustadt 14 

P6ssneck 28 

Saalfeld....^ 42 



0OHLBIZ, 9| miles from SchSnberg Station 
(page 119), or 10 miles from PSssneck Station. 
Population, 4,880. 
Inns.— Engel; Sonne; Adler. 

The former capital of Reuss- Schleiz, now united 
to Reuss-Greiz, with a residence of the Prince. 
It has been rebuilt on a handsome scale, since the 
disastrous fire of 1887, which destroyed a castle, 
some churches, the Rathhaus, and other buildings. 
The Castle Church is a good building near the 
Schloss, on a small hill, in the middle of the town. 
At the Burgkirche, a fine old church outside the 
town, are the family tombs, with those of the old 
Counts von Burg, including several handsome 
monuments, and painthigs. The ancient Burg 
Castle stands on the Saale, among iron furnaces. 
Phie views from the Hehirichsruhe Park, and 
the Hermitage. There is a trade in iron and 
woollens. Schleiz was the birthplace of Bottcher, 
the discoverer of the Dresden ware. 

The Principalities of Reuss Schlciz-Gera and Greiz 
lie between Saxony and Altenburg ; Greiz being the 
Elder, and Gera being the Younger branch of the 
family, which dates from the eleventh century, 
and divided ofiF in 1668. All its reigning members 
have been called Henry ^ some at first distinguished 
as Henry tYift "EiV^ct, \\v% "lorosk^, Vt^a Fat^ the 



HotLU ^5.] 



BAKD-BOOK TO OICRMAKY. — 2filTZ) SCHLBIZ, BAUTZBN. 



121 



TflBlent to lieekoii separately by numberiC, began 
irtth No. 1 (Elder or Younger). In 1801, the 
Toonger began No. 1, New Series, while the Elder 
eontinaed to nm on. In consequence of this, and 
of failures of issue, intermarriages, A;c.,the Henrys 
of the two linesare in a state of the most puzzling 
confusion. For example, the reigning Prince 
of Reuss-Schleiz-Gera, of the Younger branch, 
Henry XIV., succeeded his father Henry LXVII. ; 
his mother was daughter of the late Henry LI. 
of Reuss-Ebersdorf ; and his son and heir-ap- 
parent is at present styled Henry XXVII. What 
number he will come to when his father dies 
none but the Court genealogist can tell. For 
conTenience, the Princes are generally called after 
their number. Thus the common name for Prince 
Reuss V. was Fiinfter, or "Fifth," and they used 
to say, "Here comes Young Fifth." The Younger 
branch reigns orer 868 square miles of territory ; 
the Elder oyer 11*2 miles ; and their population is 
119,911 and 62,754 respectively. 

From Schleiz, the distances by road towards Hof 
are as under: — (but the nearest way is viaMel- 
thcuer, on the rail.) 

German miles. 



German miles. 

Saalburg 1^ 

Ebersdorf 1 



Lobenstein li 



Saalburg, a small ancient town in the beautiful 
valley of the Saale, under the Culm mountain, 
2,260 feet high. It has an old Castle, and a Church 
of the fourteenth century. 

Ebersdorf. 

POPULATIOK, 1,200. 

A small town, formerly the scat of the Rcuss- 
Ebersdorf branch, now absorbed in Rcuss-Schlciz. 
The last Prince was Henry LXXII. His sister 
married Henry LXVII. It has two or three 
pleasure Castles and a Moravian colony. 

Lobenstein. 

Population, 8,000. 

Inn, — Reuss-Haus. 

Formerly the chief town of Reuss-Lobeustein, 
on a cone-shaped hill ; having a Prince's Castle and 
old fortress. Here the liver Kosel joins the 

Limnitz. 

German miles. 

9rom Bdilehi to Zenlenrod* 2 

Oreiz 2 



Zeulenroda. 

Population, 9,000. 

A town of the Principality of Reuss, where 
stockings and snuff arc made. It has been built 
in a regular manner since the last fire, and has a 
church. 

Oreiz or Oreitz (Stat) 

Population, 20,141. 

Inns. — Erbprinz; Rranich; Henning. 

The chief town and residence of the Principality of 
Renss-Greiz, of the Elder branch, now represented 
by Henry XXII., in succession to his father Henry 
XX. It stands in a beautiful part of the White 
Elster, on a short rail from Neumark ; and has an 
old castle on a height, now turned into a school ; 
and a summer Castle of the Prince, among fine 
grounds. 

From here a rail is open to RcJchenbach and to 
WeiSChlitZ (towards Eger) and WolfSgefitrth 
(on to Gera). 



Dresden to Lobau, Gorlitz, Uegnitz, and 

Breslau (Sachsisch-Schlesische-Eisenbahn). 
By rail the stations are as follow 

English 
Dresden to miles. 
Radeberg 9| 



Anisdorf, 
IBran^ to Pima 
and Kamcnz.] 

Bischofswerda 23 

Bautzen 35 

[Branch to Schaiidau] 
Pommritz — 

Hence by the Lower Silcsian line to Breslau, 

viz.: — 
English 



Engliph 
miles. 
[Branch to Ebersdorf] 

Lobau 48 

[Branch to Reich- 
enberg, 88 miles] 

Reichcnbach 56 

Gorlitz 68} 

[Branch to Cottbus.] 



miles 
Kohlfurt Junction .. 17 

Bunzlau 33 

llainuu 4i)^ 



tt 



tt 



♦» 



English 
miles. 

Licgnitz 61 

Hence (as in Kouto 
14) to 
i Breslau 89| 

Dresden, as in Route 31a. 

Radeberg (Stat.) Within half an hour's walk 
is the Augustusbad^ a watering place with six 
springs, in a pleasant count rj' (p. 110). 

Cross the Spree, by a long bridge, near 

Bautzen (Stat.), calledBudishyn, in the Wendish 
1 language; the casjitei q1 \X^g^x \i«kaa^5*.. 



129 



BBADSHAW'S ILLtlSTBATED 



[Sec. 2. 



An old well-buUt- episcopal town, on the Spree, 
founded in the tenth century, and surrounded by 
ancient walls. Thek-e is a paper factory in the 
Seidau suburb, whore the Wends live, with their 
Protestant church. . Otto the Great built a Castle 
here, 958, called Ortenburg, which was rebuilt by 
King Mathias, after the fire of 1440, and occupied 
by the Margraves of Saxony. St. Peter's church, 
built 1213, is used by Protestants and Catholics at 
the same time; the division being made by a 
screen. Other buildings worth notice are a new 
Gothic Rathhaus and Library; the High School; 
Theatre; and Cloth Hall, where is a museum, open 
Wednesday, 2 to 4. Meissner, the poet, was bom 
bore. Here Napoleon defeated the Allies, 20th 
and 22nd May, 1813. 

In the neighbourhood is Klein- Wdke^ a Moravian 
colony for children. Fine points of view of the 
picturesque country around, at FeldschlSsschen 
and Salzenforst. At Doberschau is a fortification 
of the time of the Wends, one of whose heathen 
altars remains at Czemeboh (1,760 feet, good view). 
About 180,000 Wends still live in this part, speaking 
for the most part their native language. 

Pommritz (Stat.X near Hochkireh^ where the 
Austrians, under Daun, defeated Frederick the 
Great, 1758 (Marshal Keith being kiUed); and the 
French defeated the Russians, 1813. From here a 
short line was opened, 1874, to Ebfihlliacll and 
Seiflienneradorl At Ebersbach a short branch 
runs to SohlaniL 

LdDau (Stilt.) 

POPDLATZOK, 7,300. 

Inn. — Scbwarzes Lamm. 

"BOFFET. 

A very old town, dating from 706 ; containing 
a Wendish church, and a fine old Rathhaus ; and 
•verlooked by the Frederick Augustus Tower, 
on the hill above, built 1855. Here are mineral 
springs, where LSbau crystals are found. 

At LSbau, the branch line to Hermhut and the 
Riesengebirge Range (see Route 87) mountains 
turns off, following the road into Bohemia, the 
scene of the battles of 1866. 

OORLITZ (Stat.), in Prussian Silesia. 

J='OJ>crj,AT/OJtf 62,13S. 

^^s.—jfotel Victoria; Herbst. 
^*^ t9 Koblfai% Ac. 



This capi^ of the PrufMian province of Upper 
Lusatia (transferred from Saxony in 1815), on 
the Neisse, has several broad, straight streets, 
some of which are arcaded; handsome gateways ; 
good Renaissance buildings ; also a Castle and fine 
Gothic Churches, and an Arsenal hi the old 
Kaisertrutz Gate. Three bridges cross the river. 

55. Ptier and Paul's Church is one of the finest 
buildings in the German style of the thirteenth 
century, finished 1497. It has five naves, 88 ft. high, 
resting on twenty-four columns, spreading like 
palms, and a subterranean crypt in the rock of 
older date. The organ contains eighty-two stops, 
and 8,250 pipes. The bell weighs 21| tons. 

The Frauenkirche (Our Lady's), built 1449-94, has 
a fine porch and tomb of General von Winterfeld. 
The Nicolaikirche has the tomb of Jacob BShme, 
or Behmen, the famous shoemaker and Teutonic 
philosopher, bom 1575, at Alt-Seidenburg, \\ mile 
distant, and whose house is in the Neisservorstadt. 
Here he died, 1624, and is buried in the cemetery. 

The Kreuzkirche(Holy Cross), outside the town, 
was built by Burgomaster Emmerich in 1480, and 
is remarkable for containing a miniature copy of 
the Holy Sepulchre, for which object the founder 
made two pilgrimages to Jerusalem. 

The Town Hall has a library contidnhig MSS. 
and old prints, and the shield of Matthias of 
Hung^ary. Fine prospect from the tower. 

The Viaduct over the Neisse is a fine work, on 
thirty-four arches, 110 feet high, and a quarter of 
a mile long. 

Excursions may be made to Hennersdorf ; to 
the Landiierone^ 1,300 ft high ; and to a monument 
at Merkersdo'rf, to Duroc and Kircblier, who were 
killed, 1813, by the same cannon ball. Another 
monument at JSkelsbei^ marks the spot where 
General Von Whiterfeld was killed, 1757. A 
line from here to Kohlfnrt. 

Bunzlau (Stat.), in Prussian Silesia. 
POPULATIOK, 18,000. 

Jnn$. — Kronprinz ; Deutsches Haus. 

A well-built town, on the Bober, chiefiy known 
for its pottery manufacture, the clay (or which is 
found in the neighbouring pits, with specimens 
of )a«par, onyx^ &SttX«^ «cv^ ^Qtuellan. There are 
tbree CbuTc\iea% 



Boute SO. 



HAND -BOOK TO GBBMAKT. — GORLITZ, LIBONITZ. 



123 



, In the market-place is a cast iron Obelisk, by 
Schinkel and Schadow, to the Russian Field- 
marshal Kntusoff^ who died here in 1818. Opitz, 
the poet, was bom in the market-place, 1597. 

There is a Royal Orphan House and School. At 
the Moravian colony of Onadenberg is an excellent 
school. The handsome railway viaduct over the 
Boberthal is on thirty-five arches, 74 feet high, 
1,600 feet long. 

Haynau (Stat.) 
Population, 3,800. 

A small town, the church of which has a painting 
of the ravages committed by the Hussites in 1428, 
when they destroyed this place. Near this the 
Prussians defeated Malson^s division, 1813. 

. LIEONITZ (Stat), in SUesia. 

POPULATIOK, 46,852. 

Ikns. — Rautenkranz ; Prinz Heinrich. 

A handsome town, at the junction of Katzbach 
and Schwarzwasser rivers, surrounded by moats 
and ramparts, now planted with limes and chestnuts. 
It ranks next to Breslau. 

88. Peter and PauTs Church contains an exten- 
sive library. At 8t. John's Church are paintings 
by Willmann, and the Fiirstencapelle, with the 
sarcophagus of the last of the Piast family ; twenty- 
four of whom were kings of Poland, and 123 dukes 
of Liegnitz and Brieg, between 575 and 1675. 
Their Castle (except two brick towers dating from 
1415) has been rebuilt since the fire of 1834, and is 
now used as a Oovemment building and museum. 
The Town Hall contains some suits of mail armour. 

On the Promenade, a Sleeping Lion, by Ranch, 
in memory of the Franco-German War. 

A Riding School was founded by the Emperor 
Joseph I., in 1708. It is a fine building like a 
palace, with a Library and Museum attached ; and 
under the name of the Ritter-Academie is devoted 
to the education of the sons of noblemen, as 
designed in the first instance. Here are also a 
Theatre, and large breweries, and many fruit and 
vegeteble gahlens. 

Wablltatt OoaVMlt, at a nttle distance off, 

was built on the spot where a battle was fought 

1241, when the Tartars, under Genghiz Khan's 

grandson, were defeated by the Germans under 

Vuke Frederick, who wms killed in the fight. Its 



church has some good fresco paintings. Betwi^n 
this and £ichh<dz is the battle-field, on the KfljtZ' 
bach, where BlUcher's forces, in 1818, defeated the 
French under Macdonald and Ney with the butt 
end of th^i* muskets and bayonets, from which he 
derived his title of Prince Biacher of WaMstatt 
(which sigrnifies battle-field). A monument marks 
the spot. This victory gave rise to Mosen's 
"Trumpeter," who, while dying, rouses himself 
and sounds "Victoria!" Frederick the Great 
defeated the Austrians under Marshal Landon, 
between Liegnitz and Pfaffendorf, 16th August, 
1760. In the environs is Straupitz, where Raupach 
was bom; and Panthen, with its large model 
sheep farms. 

From Liegnitz it is 40 miles to Breslau, as de- 
scribed shortly on page 69. The chftteau of Lissa 
there mentioned, though near the rail, is not 
visible from it. 



LdlMiu to Hermhut, Friedland, Relchen- 
herg, Oltschin, JosepliBtadt, E6nlggr&ts, 
Pardubltz» and Vienna. 

English 
miles. 
IBrcmch to Wams- 

dorf.] 
Grottau ....m*mm«»m 25^ 

Kratzau ............. 3l| 

Reicheuberg 38 

From Reicheuberg (as below) to 



English 
miles. 
Lobau to 
Ober Cunnersdorf... 6 

Hemihut 9 

OberOderwitz.^... 14 
Zittau 21 



English 
miles. 
Kuniggratz 86 



English 
miles. 
Vienna ....288 



\ 



This route passes to the west of the Riesengebirge 
mountains, and traverses the scene of the battles of 
1866. 

Leaving Ldbau (Stat), we proceed to 

HermllUt (Stat), in Prussian Lusatia. 
Population, 1,120. 

This is the head-quarters of the Moravian 
Brotherhood^ who number about 20,000 members, 
in Germany and other countries. They are suc- 
cessors of the Hussites who left Moravia in the 
Thirty Years' War, and finally settled here, 1722, 
at the foot of the Hutberg^ on th« e.«>tA&s^ ^ 



124 



SBADBBAW'S ILLCBTKATBD 



[Sec. S. 



The settlement was risited by Wesley, in the 
early part of his career, 1788, after paying his 
respects to Frederick the Great (then Crown 
Prince) at Weimar. There is a resident Bishop. 
Here are a Gemeindehans, for the Head of the 
United Brethren; the Hotel, or lodging honse 
(Gemeindelogis, where travellers are received) ; the 
Chorh&user, or separate bnildings for unmarried 
brothers and sisters, widowers, and wives; and 
a Fricdhof or cemetery; with a musenm; and 
warehouses for the linen manufacture. 

Zittau (Stat.), in Upper Lusatia, Saxony. 

Population, 20,894. 

Inns. — Sonne; Engel. 

A well-built town, and seat of the linen and 
damask trade, on the Mandau, near the Neisse. 
Much cotton-spinning is also carried on here. It 
was nearly destroyed by the Anstrians, 1767, after 
the battle of Kollin, since which most of the 
houses have been rebuilt of stone, the old walls 
being tumed-intopromenades. 

The new Bathhaus, by Schramm, 1844, is a hand- 
some fcetangular pUe, with a fine octagon tower, 
on the site of the 'former tower. It has the 
town library of 18,000 vols., the old Prison 
called Die Gans, containing the archives, and 
the letters patent of 1608, granting freedom of 
worship to the Bohemians, the revocation of 
which was one of the grievances which led to the 
Thirty Years' War. 

There are five churches, one of which, St. John's, 
was built 1834, in the Oriental style. Another is 
attached to a rich foundation of St. James's Hos- 
pital. Here are also a Theatre, a large High 
School, and a Custom House; with many linen 
and some woollen factories. 

In the neighbourhood, from 6 to 8 miles distant, 
arc the Oybin, a conspicuous rock, 1,680 feet 
liif^h, marked by the ruins of a castle and convent, 
founded 1369; and the Lausche, a mountahi ridge 
2,610 feet high, on the border line of Saxony 
and . Bohemia, with an extensive view. On the 
Bohemian side is Reichstctdt, from which Napoleon 
I.'s son, the Duke of Reichstadt, derived his title. 

Rail to Oybin, through Bertsdorf , in 1 hour. 
/'.fiyMa zittau a trip may be taken through the 
^^^^birgre monntaina, as follows :^ 
^4 to Hermsdorf^d Pefersdotf. on to Schrel- 



bershan, from whence an excursion can be made 
to the Hinterberg and the upper Quelssthal. 
Thence follow the course of the Quels s to 

FllnS'b^rg, a small bathhig-place, mostly used 
for diseased of women and for hypochondriasis. 
Population, 1,300. 

Diligence to Frledeberg (Stat.), H miles 
from Greiffenberg on the direct line between 
Berlin and Hirschberg (see Route 37). It is 10 
miles from 

Liebwerda. The nearest station is Raspenau, 
on the Reichenberg line. 

Inn.— Reichsadler. 

A bathing-place, in a charming spot; having 
the Castle of Count Clam-Gallas, the proprietor 
of this district; a good bathing house and 
Theatre, with waters like those of Flinsberg and 
Spa. Two and a half miles from it is TafelfichU, 
the highest mountain of the Isergebirge, 3,778 feet 
high. A guide is necessary to ascend it. The 
view is very fine from the top. A' still better 
view is to be had from Heufuder (B,772 feet) near 
Haindorf , beautifully situated. The Klosterkirche, 
buUt 1772, contidns the family vault of the Counts. 

Friedland, in Bohemia. A station on the line 
between Giirlitz and Reichenberg. 

Population, 4,850. 

Inns. — Am Schloss ; Ross ; Adler. 

The Catholic Church, built 1255, has the monu- 
ment of Field ]^arshal von Redem, by Heinrich 
of Breslau. The Castle of Count Clam-Gallas, on 
a basalt rock, was once the property of Wdllm- 
stein, Duke of Friedland, upon whom the lord- 
ship was bestowed by his ungrateful emperor, 
Frederick II., for his victory at Weisse Berg, 
near Prague, 1618, and afterwards conferred on 
Gallas, an ancestor of the present owner. There 
is a portrait of the great duke and his wife, with 
some other relics, besides a collection of armour. 
There are some dungeons beneath the tower. 

At MMffersdorf lived the learned Gersdorf, who 
bequeathed his library of 12,000 volumes, and col- 
lections of paintings and engnravings, to GSriitz. 

Hence to Warmbrunn, Route 37.] 

BelClieilbdrg is the first important station 
on the Bohen^BXi &\4« ol \.Va ttontler made 



Eoute 86.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — ZITTAU, KONIOGBATZ. 



125 



th« rail follows the scene of the great battles of 

1866, which ended with the field of KSniggratz, 

and decided the supremacy of Prussia in Germany. 

The stations hence towards Pardubitz on the 

Prague and Vienna lino are as follow; — 

Miles. 
Beichenberg to 

Reichenau 10 

Liebcnau l^ 



Tnmau 24^ 

IBraneh to Prague and 
Kolin.] 

Eisenbrod 83f 

l&'anch to Tannwald, 
18 kils.] 

Alt-Pakn 42^ 

IBrandi to Trautenau 
and KSnlgshaiu]. 



Miles. 

Falgendorf 46 

KSniginhof 60 

Josephstadt 69 

{_Branch to 

Nachod II 

[Branches to Chot- 
zen and Brannau.] 
Schwadowitz 22^ 
Konigshain 38 

Liebau 40f 

Koniggratz 80 

Pardubitz 94 



The great object of Prussia in the war was to 
get possession of the passes through the mountains 
of Austria, and so meet her when emerging from 
them. On the 18th June, 1866, the Prussians 
entered Dresden, while the Saxons marched out to 
meet the Austrian army. The Prussian forces con- 
sisted of two armies — the Western, or First army, 
under Prince Frederick Charles ; the Eastern, or 
Second army, under the Crown Prince. On the 22nd 
June, Prince Frederick Charles with the First, or 
Western army entered Bohemia from the south- 
east of Saxony, advancing towards Reichenberg. 
He drove out the Austrian cavalry and artillery from 

Llebenau (Stat.) on the 26th June; crossed 
the Iser at 

TumaU (Stat.) ; was repulsed on the 27th 
June, at PodoU, by the Austrians, who had raised 
barricades ; but finally compelled them to retreat 
to Miinchengratz after a second defeat on the 28th 
June, and then to retreat upon Gitschin, 5 miles 

from Falgendorf (Stat.) 
Rail to Bakov on the line to Prague. 

Gitschin. 

Population, 6,720. 

Inn. — Weisser Lowe. 

A finely-situated town under the Rlesengebu-ge 
hills, where the Triple Alliance was concluded by 
the Allies against France, 1813. It has an old 
Convent^ built by the Dukes of Friedland, and the 
large Schloss of Prince Trautmannsdorf, which was 
blown up 1620, with 72 persons. 

On the 99tb Jjme^ 1866^ it was taken by Btorm 



Charles, with a loss of 4,000 to the Austrians, and 
a considerable one to the Prussians; the latter 
maintaining the advantage they had acquired from 
the first, owing to the superiority of the needle-gun 
over the muzzle-loading pieces. The King of 
Prussia joined the army on 2nd July, 1866, pre- 
paratory to the great final battle with the Aus- 
trians, who were now concentrated between Joseph- 
stadt and Koniggratz Stations. 

Meantime, the Second, or Eastern Army, had 
crossed the mountains from the Silesian border in 
three divisions, viz., by Landstrut, or Landeshut, 
to Trautenau ; from Brunnau to Trautenau ; and 
from Glatz to Nachod — all concentrating towards 
Josephstadt. 

Trautenau (Stat.) 

Jnn. — Weisses Ross. 

Between Schwadowltz(Stat.)andFalgendorf 

(Stat.), in the neighbourhood of the Adersbach 
Rocks (see Route 38), and not far from the Johan- 
nisbad Springs, about 2,000 feet high, at the foot of 
the Schneekoppe. Here the Austrians were again 
defeated, 29th June. 

Nachod (Stat.), in a pass, where the Prussian 
corps under General Steinmctz fell in with the 
Austrians on the 27th, and were repulsed in their 
attempt to take Skalicz . On the 28th June, the two 
armies having about 90,000 men and 90 guns on 
each side, the Austrians were defeated and forced 
back on Josephstadt. At Nachod, loop rails run 
off north to Wenzelsbux^ (branch to Star- 

kotsch), TlnlBt. Chotzen, and south to Haib- 
Btadt, Braunau, and Mlttelsteine. 
Josephstadt (Stat.), and 

EONIOGRATZ (Stat.) The scene of the 
great deciding battle of 3rd July, called also the 
battle of Sadowa, a village (reached by railX 
which divided the two armies, numbering in all 
about 250,000 men, with 8,000 guns, and ex- 
tending about 15 miles. The main body of the 
Austrians wasat Lippa, under Marshal Benedek, and 
their centre at Chlum. The First Prussian Army 
marched, at four a.m., from MUowitz- to Dubs; 
began the attack at 7 30, and compelled the Aus- 
trians to retire towards a«ji<VR^ «h'bc<^'^'ss.'%^>s^ 



by the Flnt Prussian Army under Prince FrederVcV^ \ cXiw^ft, w> ^^«^1 >iX^V. cst^^^Tas 



126 



BKADSUAW'S ILLUSTBATED 



[Sec. 2. 



strong, with 90 officers, was reduced to 300 men 
and 2 officers; but their first line was gradually 
broken, and a new line was formed at JLiippa. Here 
their artillery played such a good part, that by 
tl^ree o'clock the Prussians had made little progress, 
sod b«gfn to be uneasy. 

Meanwhile, the Crown Prince, advancing from 
Bllletin, to take the Austrians in flank, had 
been forced to make a detour, which detidned 
him. But about 8-30 he suddenly appeared in 
the rear of Benedek, at Lippa. Prince Charles 
Frederick recommenced the attack, Sadowa was 
gained, and the Austrians began to fall back. Part 
took refuge m Koniggratz Station; the main body 
returned to Pardubitz, and crossed the Elbe. The 
battle was over by seven p.m. The losses of the 
Austrians were 40,000 killed, wounded, and 
prisoners. The Prussians lost 10,000. Marshal 
Benedek, who had disting^shed himself in the 
Italian war, died in retirement, 1871. 

KSniggrStz is a strong frontier post on the Elbe, 
in a flat country, which may be easily inundated, 
and is overlooked by the Weisser Thurm (White 
Tower). Population, 5,600. Hotels Lamm. It has 
a Cathedral, and old Jesuits* College, with a 
museum of Sclavonian remains. 

Pardubitz (Stat.), on the Prague and Vienna 
Railway. 

From G&rlltz, Eolilfart, Liegiiitz» or Brealau, 
to HirschlMrg, Frankenstein, ftc, in 
the Riesengelxirge Mountains, 

This district, on the border-land of Silesia and 
Bohemia, is approached by two or three lines of 
rail, as undermentioned. 

l.-KOHLFURT and HIRSCHBERG (Nieder- 
schlesische-MSrkische Eisenbahn). 



Kohlfurt to Miles. 

Lauban 13| 

[Branch to 

Gorlitz 16J] 

Greiftenberg 22§ 

ilabishau 30 

Reibnitz (forWarm- 

brunn) 89 

'Qirsbhberg 46 

SchildAU (for 



Miles. 

Merzdorf 58| 

Ruhbank 63 

iBranch to Lande- 

shut, KSnigshain, 

Pardubitz.] 

Dittersbach 76 

Waldenburg 77^ 

Altwasser 81 

[Branch to Breslau. 



Schniiedoberg ... 49 
^ 'j'7r>ip\iCfif!r2itg orXoMtttTt, as in Route 3d. 

^^^^i-ATio.^, 11,000. /nn,-^kirach. 



An old town of Upper Lusatia, on the Queiss, 
surrounded with double walls, and having a Town 
Hall, built 1560. 

Orelffenberg (Stat.) Rail to Friedeberg and 
to Lowenberg. 

Ldwenberg (Stat.) 

Population, 5,000. 

/niM.— Hotel du Roi ; Weisses Ross. 

A little town hi a fine spot on the Bober, where, it 
is said. Napoleon received the first news of the 
Austrian Alliance, hi 1814. They pretend to show 
the glass he let fall at the intelligence. It has a 
com market, and some trade in minerals iknd coals, 
with a Rathhaus of the fifteenth century. The 
Palace of the Prince of Hohenzollem-Hecklngen 
is near at hand. 

Hirsdlberg (Stat.), in Prussian Silesia. 

POPULATIOW, 16,000. 

/niM.— Deutsches Hans; Weisses Ross; Drei 
Berge. 

An old town, still partly walled, in a beautiful 
valley at the foot of the Riesengebirge and the 
Schneekoppe, at the junction of the River Zacken 
with the Bober. 

The Evangelical Gnadenkirche is a fine building 
with fresco paintings by Willmann. 

The market-place has arcades around it. Here 
are sugar refineries, and champagne and cider 
manufactories. 

Near the town are the Kavalierberg and Mount 
Helikon, with fine views of the Riesengebirge 
Mountains; . Fischbach, a seat belonging to Prince 
William of Prussia ; and Buchwald, the residence 
of the Countess von Rheden. 

This is a good centre for the Schneekoppe, &c., 
in the Riesengebirge Mountains. There is a small 
Birschberg in Bohemia, called Dokzy in the 
native tongue. Rail to Scluniedeberg (page 
129). Rail also to Potersdorf through Warm- 
brnnn. 

Warmbmnn. 

Population, 2,500. 

Inns. — Hotel de Prusse ; Schwarzer Adier. 

Table d'Hote at the Gesellschaftshans. 

A watering-place, on the Zacken, in a valley, 
under the Giant Mountains, or Riesengebirge, 
belonging to Couxvt &c\\&fit%ol«ch^ whose . park is 



a Emfcllcil ChnrcheiL 



B Tbeslre inil Libni?, ■ 



■a fiWi. M-lhe Kynirt, HeraudorT. 
llcbrelbFrbEU,ltae UncbBteln.Ihc Kochel ■ndZscke]- 
Uli. Jowphlnen-httltf, SWobniilorf, Prndelberg, 

11 ilMhbuch ; to thB AnnnljipelLc aiid tb» Graben- 



«,MI) feet bigb. 

CuTligei, liDriei, and guidti diit bg obtaUiM 
■t most ot tha lUligiig— Ibe latler an Midon 
iiBMMMjf, Hupt (n Joggj ireMher, ■• Ibe paitbi 
arg kepi Iq Tcry good ord«r» and thfln are dng'ar- 
poiti aTCCTwbtK. 

THE RIBSHROEBIBOE, or QUnt 



137 

ii fo«iid. ThsH hllli are tbe tunnt of Rllbi!- 
labl. the TDrnip-Mnnler, or Number Nip, a trick; 
ifdrlC tbe gnbject of many legends, wblcli haca 
been traiulaled Into Engllih, and were oladatba 
baidaof aCoTentGi 



alraflordalhe belt 



Eiponaei at lani, (or mDdertie ai 
AmotCHia,— in, tbebest appr 



belgbla, on tbe bordera ot Lover Blleila (PmHla) 
and Bohemia (Anttrla), chledy betneen the Elbe 
and the Spree. They iDtm the blgbeit part ot the 
Sudeten, or Bodetach chain which rannfucoDtlnu- 
Btlon of tbe Carpatblan UonnCalni, Cowardi the 
K.W. of German J ; altogether, about ISO mllii 
long. Tbe aieregehelgbt la 1,000 leel. Tbebtghsit 
peaka are tbe aehiuetcppe (or 8no« Top), fi,9M feat 
blgb; Oroisa Rad, *,»M feet high; and Slurm- 
banbe, 4.S70 feet blgh. 

granlle, guelea. poiphj-ry, and 









■rally ha 



Tallaj^ 






. ICelndecr 



starting poluti ; aa Buualau, Uegnltx, aud Brealaa. 
Tiwn Bnnzlan bj a road paialng through LI5wan' 
berg, wllb a view of the hUla ilgbt before. From 



laliZlttan loFrledland. ' Ind: UalnienlB. 
fl{:hta,'aBd FlluihuT^. 3rd. Hocbataln, 
.1, and Henoadorl. tth. Kynaat,.Heln' 



Bra more iloplng. 

Tha people onlalde the Tilla^ea are a simple, 
boneal race, who li<e in acatlered hula, ihlfUng 
aboqt according to tbe leaagn. In tbesnmmerthe; 
nere np to tbe topi of .tbe talllii and deecend to 
lbs Tillen in tbevlBtw. thnw Ilea ban Ims 
Oelober la Jaat. 



Ihe caatle ol Connt BcbaSgntaeb. 
Juat aboce II. oo a granite rock, l.SSD leet abora 
aa lere], are the mini of JTimajf Oaillt. buDt bf 
Bolkol. In IIM, and deatnyed by llgblnlog In 
1»T. The Mew from the loirar la Tery fine, ttl^ 
Iba aceMiA om lA ^ami»<\v«™*- '^*^*^'**^'''. 



\t$ 



BBADSHAW 8 UXVSTRAZID 



[Sees. 



Farther on i« BehrelWrhau^ among abomt 20 
flM»-grfaidin9 faouMs; and the large Tillage of 
Jorap}|^rs1rHt^rTS (popmlatlon, 2,600). 
A footway leads to the rock« of 
Koehel/cM^ and its two beecli-trees, on wliich are 
to be seen the names of the King of Pmsiria and 
Queen Lc/oisa, with the date IdOO. The Kochel is 
formed (A tlie Great and Little Kochel, and runs 
to Zacken. Farther down in the Kihiigsbad, the 
Schwarzer Berg, and the Znckerschale, a Logan- 
stone, weighing 20 tons, which is balanced on a 
•orface of scarcely two feet sqiiare. 
Following the Kochel we reach the 
Zaeien/all^ which tumbles down a hollow, 90 feet 
deep, under the lleldenberg. Passing the Beif- 
triger, 4,600 feet high, we come to the 

ilTMM Sehletisehe Baude, 8,900 feet high, with 
good views of the Zackenthal, Hochstein, Ac, at 
the source of the River Zackan, an intermitting 
stream, whose waters sometimes cease to flow for 
hours, and then commence again: 
Leaving this, we pass Rabenstein to the 

Etbwiese and Elbfall^ at the source of the Elbt, 
which rises near the Wiesenbaude, the highest 
dwelling on this side of the Alps, being 4,500 feet 
above the sea. Here the Elbe is a small stream, 
called WcisswasRer, which, after tumbling over 
the flrHt cascade, or Teufelsfall. is joined by the 
Silberwassor and some other streams, and at Elb- 
wiese forms the beautiful cascade of Elbfall, in 
a wild romantic spot. 

At Schnetgrubmy about two milQ9 further, are 
two crater-shaped gulfs, about 1,600 feet deep, in 
which snow is always to be seen. The view is a 
fine one, but a better is obtained from the 

Hohe Rod, 4,700 feet high, which is ascended 
by nn cany footpath cut in the rock. At the top 
the trftvellpr commands a prospect over the 
mountains into Saxony and Bohemia, as far as 
Prague and Broslau. 

Further up, the rood leads over the Querborg, 
by a steep way, to the Orosse Teich^ a lake In a 
crater, 1,800 feet long, 560 feet broad, and 77 feet 



The Bclmeelrnppc, or Bie$emkoppe (Snow Head, 
or Giant's Head), the highest peak of the Rieaen- 
gebirge, is 5,320 feet above the sea and is a 
steep granite eone, strewed with spaiUing slate. 
At the top is an inn, where a bed facing the 
east, for the sunrise, should be obtained. Th« 
view of the rising and setting sun is indescribably 
beautiful when the weather is clear, but mists 
are very frequent: otherwise the panoranoa em- 
braces an extent of 50 to 60 miles every way, over 
Silesia and Bohemia, of which this point is on the 
boundary line. 

On the South, or Bohemian side, it is intersected 
by the Aupagrund Glen, in which is the Anpen> 
fall. Here the ascent is not so steep as on the 
other ^e, but it is longer, and there are fewer 
good views. 

From the Schneekoppe a round may be taken by 
Griissau, Landshut, Schmiedeberg, the Friesen- 
stein on the Landshuter Berg, by Ermannsdorf, 
Fischbach, and Stonsdorf, to Warmbrunn. 

Descend from the Schneekoppe to 

Lieba& (Stat.)» on the Bober. Thence to 

Bchdmherg. 

Inn. — Deutsche Kaiser. 

A town (population, 1,900) in a forest of high 
trees. In a narrow valley of the Katzbach, near a 
fortress, built, 1207, by Duke Henry the Bearded, 
and destroyed in 142G, by the Hussites. In the 
neighbourhood, the Weissgalle is 2,160 feet high, 
and the Landshuterkamm 2,300 feet high; both 
commanding beautiful views. 

To the Adersbach Rocks is 10 miles due south. 

ABERSBACH 

Inn. — Felsenstadt 

Here is a remarkable group of tumbled sandstone 
Rocks, like those at Tunbridge Wells and in Saxon 
Switzerland, in the shape of cones, pyramids, &c., 
some a hundred feet high, and traversed by a brook, 
which forms a good waterfall. They cover a space 
two to three miles long, and are only accessible by 
a single narrow passage, with a locked door. The 
key and a guide are obtained at the Inn close by. 
Entrance, 50 kr. each and a trifle for guide. 



The 



deep. 

A road dcA/ndtheK^ln^ Teichletids in onehovir rocks are many thousands hi number, and there 
/if/Ae yeae BMade fVeJnfiAUV, at the foot of the 1 is a chance of losfaig one's way. Good tront are 
^eitneekoppo, where cotnfortablc accommodation' tobeha^^wc. 'V^<SWS».^sstl "^a^^^ «imnar 
'*''' l>^ Amd for the night. growp ^mV\^i*^\%Vwv\.. C\vw^%*»%N. >AKt^»feV 



Route 37.] HAKD-BOOK TO UEKMANY.— GIANT MOUNTAINS, WALDENBCRO. 



129 



From Schomberg in the opposite direction, 
descend the Katzbach to 

Griiisau^ a suppressed convent with a decayed 
church, containing some good paintings and effigies 
of Boiko, Duke of Schweidnitz. 

Landshut (Stat.), in Prussian Siiesia. 

Population, 6,700. 

Hotels. — Schwarzer Rabe ; Goldcncr L8we. 

A fortified town on the Sober, at the foot of the 
Ricscngebirgc. It contains a Lutheran Church, a 
Statue of Count Stolberg, and some linen manu- 
factories, and is near the Rdbenberg, where the 
Prussians, under General Fouqud, were defeated 
by the Austrians, in 1760. 

Rail to Liebau and Ruhbank. 

From here the road ascends past Leppersdorf, 
Schreibendorf, and Hohenwaldau to the top of 
the Landshuterkamm^ about 2,300 feet above the 
sea. From the cluster of rocks near this, called 
the Friesenstein, about 2,950 feet high, there is a 
fine prospect. Hence it descends to 

Sdunledeberg (Stat.), 9 miles by rail from 
Hlrschberg. 

Population, 4,347. 

Hotels.— Schwarzes Ross ; Qoldner Stern. 

A mining and manufacturing town on the Essels- 
bach, among furnaces and mines. On the tower of 
the Catholic Church is a female sitting figure, 
with various emblems, supposed to bo of the time 
of the Knights Templars. At the Gebaur*sche 
Haus is a pavilion, from which is a fine view of 
the Riesenkoppe. Near this is 

Buchwald, the castle of Count von Reden ; with 
an abbey, artificial ruins, watch tower, belvedere. 

Erdmannsdorf, about 1,350 ft. above the sea. 

Inn. — Zum Schweizer Haus. 

Here is a Ccutle^ which belonged to General 
Gneisenau, now the property of the King of Prussia. 
In the park is the Swiss House of the Princess 
Liegnitz ; and near it are the cottages of the Protes- 
tant Tyrolesc, from the Zillerthal, who were 
settled here by the king when forced to emigrate 
by the Austrian Government in 1838. 

Fischbach, at the foot of the Falkenberg, is the 
property of the present king, and has an old Castle 
of the KnigbtB Tewplws nmonf the tretn. 



2. — WALDENBURG, FREIBURG, K0NIG8- 
ZELT, FRANKENSTEIN, LIEGNITZ, AND 
BRESLAU (Breslau - Schweidnitz-Freiburgcr- 
Eiscnbahn). 
At Konigszelt the four lines from Liegnitz, 

Breslau, Waldenburg, and Frankenstein meet. 



MUes. 

Waldenburg to 

Altwasser 8 

Freiburg 12 

[Branch to Salzbrunn] 
Konigszelt Junction 16 

Mettkau 27^ 

Caiith 84 

Breslau 46 



Miles. 
[Frankenstein to 

Gnadenfrei 6i 

Reichenbach ... 14 

Schweidnitz 25 

KSnigsz. June... 81 

Striegau Zl\ 

Jauer 47^ 

Liegnitz 60^] 



Waldenburg (Stat.) 

Population, 12,100. 

Inn. — Schwarzes Ross. 

A thriving town on the Polsnitz, among rich 
coal mines, having a good town house and porcelain 
and Ihien factories. Carriages to Adersbach, 
a Bohemian village, about twelve miles S.W. The 
road to it is up and down hill, past Dittersdorf, 
Neuhaus Castle, LangWaltersdorf, and Friedland ; 
beyond which you cross the Austrian frontier, at 
Merkelsdorf. There is a railway connection with 

Dlttenbaon (Stat.), for the Oharlottenbrnim 

(Stat.), so called from a spa here, NeiUTOdO 
(Stat), and Olatz (Stat), page 180. 

Altwasser (Stat), near a watering place, 
1,280 feet above the sea, with five good chalybeate 
springs. In the neighbourhood are very important 
Coal Mhies, Kynau Castle, and the Fnchsstollen, 
more than a mile long. 

Freiburg (Stat), in Sllesla. 

PopuLATioar, 8,850. 

Inn.— Hirsch. 

A small manufacturing town, with a larg« IWicn 
factory. It stands about 940 feet above sea level, 
in the ascent to a hilly country. In the neigh- 
bourhood is Hohen-Friedberg, where Frederick II. 
defeated the Austrians, 1745, in the Second Silesian 
War. FHirstenstein Castle (SchlossX the seat of the 
Princeof Pless, a large building, and a fine medieval 
restoration, in a beautiful valley, the Fttrsten- 
steiner Grand. 

Salzbrunn (Stat), eight miles from Freiburg, 
by rail to Fellhammer, Ac. 



Hen »r« «•«• -Um -V*^. 
■ tbulrt. ■d4 elal-b'a.>c (eil»nbillr/ 



[Sees. 

Znln^rMr^. hifhpfl poiat. INO fact. 

B>iI<bn9BshI«BSeBUdas(>lifSCTmaK« of 
■tml ll-MO po^t Id ObcT- LaBi*BHTUa.1 ^In 




Al RficAttulftlt vt trnporUnI ■ 

U (StakX Hsrt Ihe linr from B 
(Ranlc 14), utd junctiiiu Is made 






TJiH plu* ti rmnnu for beer. Ol« UTonrtie t 
b«lii; Ih" BehwMM BcW^ 

halMi<inliubl(!t»11«nk>nu[iretiiT». Tbenl 
KODd tcmde In (lo»e« uid glngorbrM4 wllh mrt 
dlMllUoiI. brawing, lun. mil dye wgrki. 

Sobt«n, lying ■! the foot of llie ZabUtbirg. 

whlcb 1> a.IlO ftet aboTC lbs lei^ wllb an cdd •taEB 
moDDnient snd ctaKpcl m the gruilte t«p. iind 



Wutfaaberg. I.S40 feel ibuve 
QUb (Stat.), in PraiJl«n 



D hUl9. cnmad by lorta, Tbu wi the 
-. on Ihe ilgbt bmk, e«lled the New 
'u ulraort cutlnlT hews oat of Itae 
ij Frederick the Omt. At tb« top ii 
>l Bl. Mepomnk. Bum Trenck was 
ire for ■ Ung time, ud Hfterwarda 



MettkiD itstlon, \^ mlleg trom BriiliD.] 
Tbem ti ■ plaiiinl walk from Sohweii 

jMotMdorf IStat), a mU". The ob»i 

Ii Fftulbrttalc 
RalctiniDMli (SUt.) ">■! 



The oM Bothlc Chnich hai e 
the Virglr. The Koyel CMtle la now a Govern- 
enl bnUding. Splendid piospeet Irom Ore tower, 
ckela St thi^ ConunandatnT, llDp[.,BD<l[ee(ogalde. 
The KoulgshaJner Bpitiberg. the Sophlentel!, 
Geblrge, are ell good polnti for 



The rait was extended, ISTS. lo WttelirMda 
(fltot). where it Joins Ihe An.trian lines, 
■mthlp the distance of 15 or SO ipiles tram Qiata 
vuea, oiiiioaaaaTurkitbjia. Hert&ederiA I aio Uie mluRr* Ballu ol «JAiiftt» <J»W Wl railoe). 



HoUte 38.] HAMS-BOOK TO GEBMAKY. — SCUWEIDKITZ, NBI8B£. 



131 



Heasctaeuer Rocks, 3,680 feet high, remarkable for 
their beautiful shapes; Seefeldem Valley; Schnee- 
berg^ 4,660 feet ; and Schneekoppe, the highest of the 
Kiesengebirge mountains, in this quarter, 6,820 feet 
abore sea (page 127.) 



Breslau, towards Cracow and Vienna. 

Oberschlesische Eisenbahn. 



Ilrcslau to Miles. 

Ohlau )(| 

Rrieg Junction 26 

[ Branch to Neisse.] 

Liiwcn M 85 

Oppcln 51 

{Branch to Tamo-vrits] 

ifogolin 64 

< 'osel-Kandrain ... 74 
[Branch to Rati- 

l)or and Oderberg.j 



Miles. 

Zabrze lQ5l 

Morgenroth llO 

[Branch to 

Beuthen 

Tamowitz] 

SckwientochlDwitz 112| 

Kattowitz 117| 

[Brcmehto Cracow] 

MVslowitz 12B 

[Branch to Cracow] 
Neuberun 134^ 



^$chlawentziltz 82 x^ouuvrun lo^f 

Rudzinitz 86 Oswiecim Id7| 

Glciwitz lOOJ* [Thence to Cracow] 

Ijeaving Breslau we reach 

Olilau (Stat.) 

rOPULATION, 6,000. 

Inn.— Adler. 

A small town on the Oder, which figured in the 
Thirty Years' War, and the war of the Hussites. 

The Church of St. Blaisius is a f^ne buildhig. It 
contains also a Picture Gallery ; a Town-hall, witii 
A clock-tower; and a tobacco factory. 

A good deal of tobacco is grown here. 

Towards Brieg is MoUwitz^ where Frederick the 
(Great defeated the Austrians, lOth April, 1741. 

BRIEG (Btat.), in Prussian Silesia. 

rOPOLATIOK, 20,164. 

IIoTKLS.— Goldene Kreuz; Hlrsch. 

Rail to Neisse, Breslan, &c. 

A town on the Oder, and the old seat of the 
Dukes <st Brleg, where a castle or palace remains, 
and is worth a visit, though mtich dilapidated. 

The fortidcations are now laid out as |i pro- 
ttt^nade. The toWn 14 Well bnUt, with good, 
straight streets, and stands about 460 feet above 
sea level. A wooden bridge crosses the river. 

The Mikolaikirche is a fine Gothic building, 

with II good organ, an altar-piece by Rode, and a 

monument to Field-marshal von Gessler. Here 

are six other churches, a government salt factory, 

^ handsome public ojttce; with wool And cloth \ 



manufactories, a sugar refinery and cigar factory. 
From here a line runs past Grottkau to NeisM. 

Brieg to Neisse. 

By rail (Neisse-Briezer Eisenbahn) as firflows:— 



English 
miles. 
Brieg to 
Grottkau 13 



EAglish 
mUes. 

Falkenau 181 

Neisse 281 

[Branch to Ziegenhals, ftatibor, Ac.j 

NEI8SB (Btal)» in Prussian Silesia. 

Population, 22,447. 

Hotels.— Stem ; Boss. 

Railway to Brieg Station. DUigence to 6rii- 
fenberg. A strong fortress, surrounded by walla 
and deep moats, in a marshy valley, at the juhc- 
tion of the Neisse and Biel, about 670 feet abdve 
sea level; founded 966, in the territory ot the 
Bishopric of Breslau. 

It is well built, the newest houses being at 
Friedrichsstadt, so called after Fred. II., who built 
Fort Preussen, which overlooks it. The stone 
was quarried in the neighbouring pits. Here are 
ten churches, Roman Catholic and Protestant ; in- 
cluding an ancient parish church and a handsome 
Bishop's Palace, in whidi Fred. II. and Joseph II. 
met 28rd August, 1769; with a government factory 
for arms and powder. In 1650, forty-two women 
were burned here for witchcraft. 

Here the learned Emanuel Deutsch was bom, 
1829, of Jewish parents. 

From Neisse, the rail is carried to ZlegealialB, 
on the border ; where it makes a junction with 
the line to Ratibor, and with the lines towards 
Olmutz, Trt^pau, Ac, in Austria. Direct lines 
are also open to OlMT-QlOgau and Cosel; and to 
LeobMiltttik Ratibor (p. 132); in the directions of 
Cracow and Buda-Pest. 

N^r Neisse is the Heinrichsbrunu iron spring. 
At Kapellenberg (9 miles) is an Obelisk to those 
Who fell hi the war of Liberty, 1613. 

About 18 miles south of this, near Froi^n- 
waldau is 

Orttfenberg, on Austrian ground, where 
Vincent Priessnitz established the first Water Cwe^ 
or Hydropathic House; and where he died, 1851. 
His services are commemorated by 8eveT«ltJE^.V!!«&MK 



■^t5S 



132 



BRADSllAW 8 ILLUSTKATED HAND-BOOK TO OKRMAKT. 



[Sec. 2. 



the Grafciilicrg is a fine prospect of the Biclathal. 
The Selzdorfor Cave is another point of interest. 

From Brieg the next large station is 

Oppeln (Stat.), in Prussian Silesia ; the Sla- 
Tonic Oppolie. 

Population, 19,000. 

Ixx. — Schwarzer Adlcr. 

An old walled town, on the Oder, in which is an 
island called Paschckc, or Wilhelmsthal, laid out 
as n park, and joined to both banks by three 
bridges. Here are an old Catholic Charch, on the 
site of one founded by St. Adalbert, 959; and a 
Protestant Church, which belonged to the 
Minorites. 

The Castle is a large old seat of the Dukes of 
Silesia, one of whom was Nicholas II., beheaded 
at Neis:je, for his cruelty. 

Polish becomes now the vernacular language. 

On the right bank of the Oder, close to the 
town, is the station of the Oberscblesische rail- 
way ; and in the neighbourhood are a steel and 
iron goods factory, at KSnigshuld ; and large iron- 
foundries and workshops at Mnlapane. From 
here a line is open viA OrOBB Strehlits to BlOtt- 

nlts, Tost, Peislaretscham (for Oleiwlts), and 

Beuthen, towards Cracow. Another line, opened 
1889, runs through Carlsruhe-o-S. to Namslau. 
A third line runs through Schiedlow to NoiSSO 
(see preceding page). 

Oosel, or Xosel (Stat) 

Population, 8,800. 

A small strongly-fortified town, having a monu- 
ment to Gren. Neumann, who defended the place 
in 1807. Near it are Annaberg, and a Pilgrim's 
chapel; and the Castle of SchlawendzitK belonging 
to Prince Hohenlohe. Rail through Ratibor to 
Annaberg and OderbttTg (below). For the 
route to Cracow, via Gleiwitz, see also below. 

RATIBOR (Stat), in Upper Silesia, 19 English 
miles from Cosel. 

Population, 20,729. 



Hotel. — Prinz von Prcusscn. 

A town on the left bank of the Oder, which here 
becomes navigable. It contains seven churches, 
and an old castle. 

The stations on the line from Cosel to Oder- 
bQI^, on the Vienna and Cracow line, arc as 
follow:— 






Miles. 

Annaberg 3<^ 

Oderberg. H6\ 

Vienna 201 



Miles. 
Cosel to 

Hammer 

Nendza 

Ratibor 20 

This is the direct route from Brcslau to Vienna. 

At Ratibor Junction are branches cast and 
west. That to the west passes 

Bauer^'itz 16 | Leobschiitz 23f 

1 hat to the east passes 



Nicolai 43 

Kattowitz 71J 



Nendza 5^ 

Czemitz 16 

Rybnik 22^ 

at the junction of the lines to Cracow and Warsaw. 

Oleiwlts (Stat), in Upper Silesia. 

Population, 20,000. 

Inn. — Dciitsches Haus. 

A well built town, on the Klodnitz, containing 
a church of the twelfth century, and iron found' 
ries. In the neighbourhood are larg^ coal mines, 
and veins of calamine. A canal of SI miles Joint 
the Klodnitz to the Oder, whicb forms the boundary 
between Prussia and Austria. 

An extension from here to Sehwientochlmeits 
was opened 1873. 

XOnigBlliltte stands among large foundries, 
zinc works, and coal mines. The building of the 
foundries and the principal furnaces are in the 
Gothic style. 

Near the Myslowltz. at KattOWitS, on the 
Prussian side of the botmdary, between Silesia 
and Austria, the rail parts of! to Cracow and War- 
saw; the former belonging to Austria, the Utter 
to Russia. 



\ 



SECTION III.-SOUTH GERMANY. 



BAVAItIA-WURTTEMBBRG-BADEN--BLACKFOREST-UM»EE 
AND LOWER AUSTRIA— BOHEMIA— MORAVIA. 



KINGDOM OF 

i^oxjTOB se. 

MUNICH, German MUKCHEN. 

The capital of the kingdom of Bavaria. 

Population, 3-18,317, mostly Roman Catholic. 

Hotels.— Grand Hotel Continental. Well situ- 
ated, faciugr Maximilian Park. Lift. Electric 
light. 

Hotel des Quatre Saisons. 

Hotel de Bavi^re; beautiful situation on the 
Promenade Platz. 

Hotel Lcinfelder, well situated on Maximilian 

Square, central for business or pleasure. 

Hotel Zum Achatz. 
lIoteld*Angleterre(formerlyZurBlaucnTraubc). 

Very comfortable and recommended. 

Hotel du Rhin ; Dom Hotel ; Belle Vue. 

PEN8I0N8.— See Bradsfiaw'8 Continental Guide. 

Omnibubes ft'om Hotels to the Station, 75pf. to 
1 mark. 

DitoscHKB. — 1 or 2 persons quarter-hour, 50 pf. ; 
half-hour, 1 mark. Only room for 3 persons. 

FiAKER (or two-horse carriage) — 1 to 4 persons, 
for i hour, Im.; | hour, 2m. Extra at night. A 
jmntcd tariff is to be seen in all the carriages. 

Valet de Place. — Useful to strangers. Apply 
at the hotel. 

Restaurants. — Mayer. See Brad^uno's Con- 
tinental Guide. 

Munich is full of Caf^s and beerhouses. Its 
beer is celebrated. Hour for dinner, 12 o'clock. 

Post OFFiCE.~Max Josephsplatz. 

Telegraph Office.— Bahnhofsplatz. 

English Church Service.— On Sunday, morn- 
ing and afternoon, in the Odeon. 

Resident Phtbicians. -> See Bradsfiatc's Con- 
tinental OuitU. 



BAVARIA. 

Exhibition of Fine Arts, opposite the Glypto- 
thek; pictures for sa!e. Admission, 50 pf. 

Theatres.— Hof -Theater for opera, Maximilian 
strasse; Residcnz-Theater; Konigliches Theater, 
in Gartner Platz. 

Conveyances. — Rail to Augsburg, Bamberg; 
Leipsic, Berlin, Dresden, Passau, Prague, Inns- 
bruck, Salzburg, Vienna, Stuttgart, Frankfort, 
Ulm, Basle, «S:c. The station is near Carlsplatz, on 
the western side of the city. [See Br<tdshatD's 
Continental Guide. For the Bavarian Highlands, 
under the Tyrolese Alps, see Routes 89, 49, and 51.] 

Principal Sights.— Royal Palace (Fest Saalbau). 
daily (except Sunday); Glyptothek, or sculpture 
gallery, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; Old 
Pinacothek, daily, except Saturday ; New Pinaco- 
thck, Sundays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays ; 
Bronze Foundry, daily; Bavarian Lion, daily; 
Cathedral, and St. Boniface, daily; Royal Library, 
daily, except Sunday. Seethe daily paper *'Tages 
Anzeiger" for list of public exhibitions, and times 
of opening. 

Munich, in South Germany, the capital of the 
Bavarian khigdom, and of the province of Upper 
Bavaria, stands on the left or west bank of the Tsar, 
on a plain, about 1,680 feet above the sea. It has 
a somewhat cold (occasionally intensely cold' 
and changeable climate, but the air is pure, 
and at times clear enough to give a view of 
the distant Tyrolese Alps. Before the Dukes 
of Bavaria settled here, in the middle of the 
thirteenth century, the site belonged to a monas- 
tery; hence the German name, ifilnchen, while 
a monk figures in the city arms. The kingdom 
of Bavaria, called Baiem in German, and lying 
south of the Main, numbers a population of five and 
a hall mWlVoivv ««^^ ^^cm^^^ ^rcsN.^ 'tiV ''fex^sssssssJ^. 



134 



BRAD^lI.vw'd ILLrftTHATfcb 



[Seel 



round Regeusburg ; and the Palatinate ur Rhenish 
Bavaria, a detached portion on the west ftide of tho 
Rhine, of which Spires is the head. 

Munich is a handsome looking town; having 
some old houHes near the Marien Plats, and several 
good streets and squares in the modem section. 
It is divided into the Graggenauer, Anger, Krcuz, 
and Hnken quarters, withhi the site of the old 
ramparts which were razed in 1791 ; their place 
being marked by six or seven Gaten. Beyond 
these, are the suburbs of Schiinfeld, Maximilian, 
Ludwig, Isar-Vorstadt, Haidhausen, and the An. 
The last two form a handsome town of themselves, 
on the east side of the river, and are Joined to the 
mahi portion by three Bridges, two of which tra- 
verse the Prater, a long green island in the stream. 

The Bbidoes (Brtlcken), are Ludwigs BrUcke, 
near tho Cavalry barracks ; a stone bridge on five 
arches, 280 feet long, built by Probst, and Klenze, 
1823-28. The Reichenbach Bridge, of wood, 675 
feet long. In the south of the city, near the Aner- 
klrcbe. Maximilian Briicke, across the Prater, 
from Maxlmilian-strasse to the Maximilianeuni. 

In an artistic point of view Mr.nkh Is remark- 
able for the excdlunco of its public collections and 
buildings, many of which are due to its former 
sovereign, Ludwig or Louis I., the ex-king, who 
abdicated 1848 and died 1868. When Crown Prince, 
he begun, both by his example and purse, to stimu- 
late the arts of sculpture, painting, and building, 
fresco work, and glass painting to such a degree 
as to make this town the artistic school of Germany, 
where the best masters in every branch are now 
to be found. Here the modem works of Cornelius, 
Schwanthaler, and Hcssc, can be studied. 

Lndwigs-strasse (Louis Street) is by far the 
iJnest in Mnpicb. It extends from the Feldherra- 
halle (Hall of Field Marshals), near the Resldenz 
or Palace, to the Slcgesthor Gate, and contains 
some of the best buildings, as the Odeon, Duke 
Max's PaUoe, the Public Librar>', Blind School, 
Lodwig's Church, the University, Ac, all built on 
a regular plan, and offering somo strikhig eflfleets 
in the evening lights, from their harmonious forms 
and colours. Those, with the Besidenz Theatre, 
the Glyptothek, and Pinacotbek, and the new 
CJiarehegare the moat striking ohjectn In Munich. 



The chief architect employed was Klente,tke 
builder of the Glyptothek, War Office, Odeou,Piiii- 
eothek, Allerhelligen Chureh, Bazaar and Arcado. 
the Kunigsbau and Festbau, Prince Max's andthi 
Leuchtenberg Palaces, and the Poat Office, beiidN 
smaller works, between 1816 and 1884. GXrtncr 
was the architect of the Ludwig Ctinrch, PubHe 
Librar}'. Blind School, Isar Gate, Oeorgianom, and 
the Damenstift Institute, 1820-35. Fischer bnOt 
General HospiUl and the Theatre, 1818-35. Zieb- 
land built St. Boniface's Church, 1888. Amoo; 
the artists employed were Schwanthaler, Kanlbach, 
Schnorr, Zimmermann, and Hess. 

From the Residenz where Ludwig-straaae endn. 
a newer street, called Maximilian-strasse, was 
opened in 1854, down to the Isar, in the directioa 
of the bridge over the Prater, and the Vaxlmi- 
lianeum College beyond. This street contains the 
Govemment Buildings (Reglemn^ - Oefaiade), 
faced by Salbig's Statue of General Deroy, and 
Bruggcr's Statue of Schelling. 

Square? and Monumskts. — In Max Joteph't 
Piatt is the large sitting bronze of King: Maximi- 
lian Joseph, by Klenze and Ranch, oonunenoed in 
1824, the twenty-fifth anniversary of bis reign, and 
finished in 1885. He is represented as grranting the 
Constitution to his people. 

in the Odeon P/o/c— -The equestrian statue of 
King Ludvrig I., by Widnmann (1862), surroundMl 
by symbolical figures of religion, industry, poetry, 
and art. 

Carciinm Plat z.— The bronze Obelisk, by Klenze, 
105 feet high, to the 30,000 Bavarians who fell in 
the Russian war. Erected 1883. 

MarieMuule (Marian Pillar), near the Ratbbaua, 
a statue of the Virgin, erected by the Elector 
Maximilian I., 1688. 

WitteUhaeh Platz.— The equestrian statue of the 
Elector Maximilian I., by Thorwaldsen. Pat up, 
1889. Cast from cannon taken in the fiKht at 
Weiite Berg, 1620. 

Pramenaden Platz. — Siaine of Kurf first Max 
Enmianucl; Westenrieder. Glnck, by Schwan- 
thaler, 1845. Orlando dl Lasso (or Roland Lattre). 
the composer, who died at Munich, 1595, erected 
1849. Chancellor Krcitmayr, compiler of the 
Bavarian code, erected by Schwanthaler. 1845. 

Maximilian Piatt.— ^XaXuft ol ^<i\v\\\feT. 



tt.vt. BOOK to GB&^ANV.-MtWlCfl-BTAtUBS, PALACS^B. 
. i.^/. an MUin^ ,1. «l* *>«*«««* « <*«*^ W..l»«« ■ ""^ ^^ the last time. 

-«sUin{r the feet) 

3 Herkulcs Saal 

lar performance 

in Maximilian 
ol, fini8liedl866, 
rf-o floors. Here 
<5e, and other 
3^on; including 
" carved ceilings, 
-tapestry, etc.. 
1 if c and history 
.days excepted; 
.At'ctxiinilianenm, 
.n^s in the city, 
toricftl events of 
; s. Wednesday 

t*nlace (Schloss) 
sltlcnz, the new 
a-tsnalbau; parts 
^xx3i Theatre, the 
ten, Ac., and ex- 
« and the Post- 
^-^trasse. 
Xaiiig. about 500 
aa, adorned with 
ecu the modern 
■the Snalbau. It 
»-y Poter Candid 
tor Maxuiilian I 
-v\z., ihc Kaiser 
XTiuenhof C^ourt* 
Vjronzes. 1« tb 
lie Capellonho 

:o, Is R '^''^'^' 
^Medusas Hcj 

aj the Brum 

iron chain, c1 

tlicwnl^- TJ 

iru ,^,^^^j lUun 



fesorn of the Uoi.er.Hr in their robe, an .u« ^^ ^^^,,,. ^^-^^ ^^" V^^r-:;-^ 
' lldH and religious brotherhoods ^Uh t^^^ \ ^^.^^,^ ^,,,uxxx. -^-^ — 



136 



BRAD&HAW'tt ILLUSTUAlKt) 



[wSec* 3. 



Slbelungen-8ale (see page 187). Visitors assemble 

ill the Hercules Saal. 

In the upper storey are the foUowiug rooms— the 
Kaiserzimmer (Emperor's Room), which the 
Emperor Charles VII. inhabited, and later, King 
Maximilian Joseph I. The Dining-room. Stamm- 
baum, an Ante-Chamber, with family portraits. 
Audience Chamber, with twelve portraits of 
Roman Emperors. The Griine Gallerie (Green 
Gallery) with paintings by Dutch and Italian 
masters. Bed-room, with its richly embroidered 
curtains, which cost 800,000 gulden. Spiegelkabi- 
net (Mirror Room) with costly gold and silver plate 
and candelabra. Miniatarenkabinet, containing 
A St. Jerome, by Albrecht DUrer. The Hercules 
Room, and the Grecian Room adorned with Floren- 
tine mosaics. 

The Schatzkammer (Treasury) open Tuesdays 
and Fridays, 9 to 11 o'clock. Tickets, 1 mark. 
It contains several crowns of historical note, and 
many jewels of great worth. Among them a blue 
diamond in the order of the Golden Fleece, weigh- 
ing 86 carats, the famous Palatinate Pearl, half 
white, half black; and the small equestrian statue 
of St. George and the Dragon, consisting entirely 
of gold, pearls, diamonds, and agates. 

SchSne or RHche Kapelle.— This richly adorned 
Chapel, founded 1607, by Maximilian I., is open 
Mondays and Thursdays, 9 to 11 o'clock, and is deco- 
rated throughout with ornaments and reliquiaries 
in gold, silver, pearls, jasper, amethyst, and other 
precious stones of great value. The ceiling is of 
lapis lazuli, the floor of marble and verd antique ; 
the walls are entirely of Florentine mosaic. The 
altar is by B. Cellhii. Notice a portable altar 
which belonged to Queen Mary Stuart; and a wax 
relief by Michael Angelo, the Descent from the 
Cross. Tickets at the Oberhofmeisteramt. 

The KOMIOSBAU, or the New Residenz, built by 
King Ludwig, is a modem work, designed by 
Klenze, begun 1826, and finished 188(). It forms a 
southern wing to the old Palace, with a face to- 
wards Max Joseph's Platz, 406 feet long, fronted 
by the Post Office. It is in the massive style of 
/^« J^Jtti Palace at Florence, in three storeys, 

8 ifypjjaatera of different Btylea; the base- 
r l3 on arches, and there are paintings 
P^e. The BculptnroB and paintings of 



the Interior a»e all by modern artlsU — Schnorr, 
Zimmennann,Kaulbach,Schwanthaler,&c. Duxing 
, the presence of the court, access is only permitted 
j on certain days and hours, of which Information 
must be obtained beforehand. Of late the permis- 
sion has been suspended altogether. 

Visitors generally assemble in the black chamber 
(Schwarzer Saal) ; two marble staircases lead past 
the private apartments of the King and Queen to 
a hall adorned with allegorical figures of the eight 
Circles of the Kingdom, by Schwanthaler. Here 
are certain public rooms, styled the King's and 
Queen's Apartments, containing several noticeable 
works as under mentioned. 

1. King's ApartmenU.—8t&i\\es of Nemesis and 
Nike Apteros. The subjects are from Greek 
writers. In the first ante-room are the Argonautic 
Expedition, from designs by Schwanthaler. The 
walls are scagliola. 

2nd Ante-room. — Reliefs in encaustic from the 
poems of Hesiod, and the Shield of Hercules, from 
drawings by Schwanthaler. Service Zimmer with 
paintings from Homer, by Schnorr, all over the 
walls and ceiling. It is 32 feet square. Speisesaal 
(Dining-room), thirty-four paintings from Ana- 
creon, by Zimmermann ; it is behind the Throne- 
room. Throne-room, 58J feet by 83J ; with friezes 
in plaster, on a gold ground, by Schwanthaler. The 
subjects are from Pindar. Various mouldings and 
arabesques. 

Reception-room.— Twenty-four paintings from 
the tragedies of JEschylus, in encaustic and fresco, 
by Schwanthaler. Schreibzlmmer, Twenty-one 
subjects from Sophocles, by Schwanthaler; painted 
by Rockel and Hanson. 

Dressing-room. — Twenty-seven subjects from 
the comedies of Aristophanes, by Schwanthaler. 

Bedroom.— With pictures from Theocritus, by 
Schulze and Bruckmann ; partly from designs by 
Hess. 

2. Queerit Apartments.-The subjects of the 
frescoes are from German authors. 

1st Ante-room.— Scenes from the poems of Wal- 
ther von der Vogelweide, in fresco, by Gassen. 

2nd Ante-room.— Scenes from Parsival von Wol- 
fram, in fresco, by Herrmann. 

BervicexVnimeT. — I-n^cuVj cwsooaIVr xtaintings 



K4}ute 39.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GEBMAKY. — MUNICH— PALACES. 



137 



in 



' Thronsaal. — Scenes from Klopstock's poems, 
encaustic, by W. Knulbach. 

Salon der KUnigin.—Friezes from Wieland's 
Oberon, by Ncurcuther. On the walls, subjectsf rom 
Wieland'sMusarion and Die Grazicn,by Kaulbach. 

Bedroom. — Thirty-six scenes from Goethe's 
poems, painted in fresco, by Kaulbach. 

Schreibzimmer. — Twenty-two paintings, from 
Schiller^s poems, by Ph. Fultz and Lindenschmidt. 

Library. — Paintings from Tieck's poems, by 
Schwind. 

3. In the Upper Pavilllon are: — 
The Bali-room— with encaustic paintings, by 
Hiltensperger and Anschiitz. It is 62 feet by 37, 
with circular ends. Next to it, the Blumensaal or 
Flower Room, 68 feet long, opening on the east 
' terrace. Conversatlonszimmer, with landscapes, 
by Rottman, and plaster reliefs, by Schwantholer, 
relating to the mythology of Venus. 

Four or five rooms on the ground floor, called 
Nibelungen Sale, contain series of representations 
from the Nibelungenlied, an ancient German 
poem, painted in fresco, by Schnorr and his 
pupils. In the small entrance room are Siegfried 
and Chriemhilde or Kriemhilde, his wife, with 
other chief personages of the story. In the second 
room, the most important epochs of Siegfried's 
life. In the third, the betrayal of Siegfried. In 
the fourth, Chriemhilde's Revenge. In the fifth, 
the Nibelungen Lament. 

The Nibelungensiite and the Fesisaalbau are 
open on week-days at 11 ; 60 pfennig. 

The Saalbau, or Fetttaalbau^ a wing of the 
Palace designed to be used on festive occasions, 
is a long range, built by Klenze, in the Roman 
style of Palladio, extending about 800 feet in 
front of the Hofgarten. At the ends are the old 
Tower, in which Dtike Christopher the Strong 
was confined, and the new Hall of the Field-Mar- 
shals. In the middle is an Ionic Portico on eight 
columni, adorned with figures of Victory, medal- 
lions, lioni, and eight allegorical statues for the 
eight provhices of the kingdom, by Schwanthaler. 
Two staircases lead through the ante-room into 
the reception room, and large Ball room, with 
reliefs by Schwanthaler. Two Gardrooms, called 
Zimmer der Schtfnheiteii, are adorned withpor- 



Next is the Schlachtensaal (Battle Room), with 
U oil paintings of battles, by P. Hess, Adam, 
Kobell, Monteu, representing scenes in the cam- 
paigns of 1805-15. 

Three rooms are styled Emperor's Rooms, or 
Kaisersalc. The Saal Karh des Grossen has six large 
wall pamtings from the life of Charlemagne, and 
12 smaller ones in the frieze. The Barbarossa 
Saal, dedicated to the Emperor Fred. II., con- 
tains six wall pahitbigs, from Frederick's life, and 
4 small ones of Bavarian history. The frieze, 
by Schwanthaler, represents the Emperor at the 
Crusades. 

The Ifapsburger SacU has four large wall paint- 
ings. In the frieze is the Triumph of Art, Science, 
and Commerce, from Schnorr's designs, executed 
by Schwind. 

Both sides of the Throne Room, also called 
Ahnen Saal (Hall of Ancestors), which is 110 feet 
long, are lined with galleries, supported by ten 
Corinthian pillars, between which are twelve gilt 
colossal statues of the house of Wittelsbach, by 
Schwanthaler. 

In the six rooms on the ground floor are wall 
paintings from the Odyssey, each room contahiing 
four books, by Schwanthaler and Hiltensperger. 
The Odysseum is closed at present. 
The Hofgarten (Royal garden), north of the 
Residenz, is a quadrangle, 1,000 feet by 700 feet, 
planted with trees, having open Arcades on the 
north and west sides, with several caf^s. 

In the portal is a Bavaria, with four colossal 
River Gods, symbolical of the Danube, Rhine, Isar, 
and Main, by Kaulbach. There are sixteen frescoes, 
by Stunner, FSrster, Zimmermann, Schilgen, 
descriptive of scenes from Bavarian campaigns. 
The Bazaar front, facing the Odeon is in the 
Italian style, with Corinthian pilasters, by Klenze. 
Smaller frescoes, by Rottman, relative to Italian 
scenes. Another row of small subjects taken from 
the Greek war of Liberty, are by Hess. Here was 
the old Picture Gallery, the contents of which 
have been removed to the Pinacothek. 

The EthnograpkicfU Museum^ in the Arcaden.— > 
Sundays and Wednesdays, 9 to 1. This includes an 
ivory cabinet, of about 400 artlcUv^ \]l&!^^x<»ai&isK«w 



traitBo/beantl/nl women, residents at the caplUl. \ co\\wlVoivfkA'^^^^»^'^'«=^*'^^^**''"^^'*^ 



138 



HtUDsBxw'e 



n wid bMcfat br tha kinc. 
Tb«i*BmllqilB^ln>»iairDoiB>. IhrvBSb which 
modali of ^daIbdi uid kaodam bvndinf^ and other 

jLjnoag the Ivory work it t crairlflx, by M . ADg«lo ; 
iino(ter by I>flr«' : ■ St. ScbiuUiui by PUmbigo. 
HarbU Boplu of old lemp]« mtaiL of HeJdeKwrg I 
CuUi, aallnM'i Hoiw in Fompcil; v^bbdIs nnd ' 

tndlw (odi In nurtde. iikUJ, ud poreclabi. 
CblDMa pllntlngi uul portralls, iplsiuUd tetihei 
ODgtat hMoe by 



K,-H„ Mi»i,ta 


rigbtlit 
■•■i™ (WftT 


««<»), b 


lit 


by KI«DU. 


Ih* FloruntUl 


.lylc IS 










ODKi .nd 


»l0OK«f 




In ScbBn- 


Id Slrowe, M3 


f«t lo.ig 


COUBlBtlOg 




d two WlDg.. 




iBtl 






The if^OTrf 








(Mb*! (Court 


and SI 


tc Libr 


iiy 


and Ar 



H«re 1> aloo tbe ATunifierein (Art Union) or Exhi- 
bition of tho workA of living artlfflB; open dally, 
10 to S. except Sataidnyi. Admitslon.oncegriitli. 
on appllcatloa to the Secretary. Pour weeki' 
lleketa, 1 maib. 

OppOBlte the Baian-, In Odenn nali. It the 
Royal Odnn, built by KlenzE, and D|>enrd MW. I 
Tba principal room la 114 feel by 71 fiiet. and tO 
feat high, and la naed lor eonoeria, ballii. and for 
Enfliih Ohnrch Berrlaa, on Sunday. The celling 
haa treKoea by Kanlbach, AnicbBtE, and Gberle ; 

poaen, Tba aitariora of tba Odeon and of the 
Palace of the Dnke of Lencbtenberg oppotlte, pre- 
■ent ten handaome tuilfonn fa^ei, of two atoraya, 
on a Doric baaament. The gronnd-floor of tba 
Otleon la Died by the Literary VeralH (Union). 

In tbe Odeon Plati itanda Wledmann'B aquea- 
trlanSUinM efK.Ladafg I. (!*«»); anpcmrtedby 
Religion, Fiwtry, Art, and Indastry. 

The fatace of the Dute a/ LtiaklmbiTV. bnlU by 
Klenxa, 1811-21, now belonga (o Frbica Lollpold. :. 
The ptctore gallery and nuirtilea hare been trane- I 
lerred to St. Fetcnburg, I 

Following Lndwlgi-itraaieyon Hnt arrive on tbe I 

PalaaiifDnks Mot, of Bayam Blrkenfcld, built 
by IClanxs, HM; a aoUd pile In tbe Flofamlne 
style, 9M feel by IDD teat, baring a tbree-areh 

tfr/aMjr a/Konial mpeclMlly ibe BallT0Oia,m 
'•"via Amaa,il,efrf.eoMarttht»stt^im 



nblcb la 


7 leel high, and finely proportioned. 


11 com 


■at a handsome reading room, resting on 


pillars, an 


i nearly eighty rooma for the booki which 


number 1 


ieo,«iO mlum*^^ or about 600,000 worka. 


ncludlng 


dupllcatet and pampblelB, of which there 






>; Orieni 



1«S; Hebrew, SIS; Latin, 

Kid Egyplian. 341. In the ClmellHiBaal 

kept tbe worfca of great antiquity adorned ' 



jh't.WWi 



ifancy ol 



re without dale, an 


8,000 do' 


wn 




rangad. 




typographical cnri 


altj her 




4, In the old Cologr 







IndDdlng 100 folio 


Yolura 


e. ol the Thirty Years' 


War. Week-daya, 




Fee, 60 pf. to 1 mark. 


Further np the a 






MveralolherbuUdl 


K> 11 


aenlng nolloe, Handing 


oppodcelolt-ailh 


Dam 


nKlfta-Gabaltdc (Ladles 








4aOfeetlodgi the 




nititutlan, by OBrtner, 


buiu leu-e, wttb a 


facad 




by Ebertaatd and Bangnln 


ttl,bi the three poriidB, 


■nd tba iww EkOi ami Btr^amit-GtbaUiU (Salt and 


«to«0«<»Vtt«t™l'' 


,\i«^\.ta\iW.-.\v\^-t«i 



BOUle 39.J HAS-D-BOOK TO 

ealirFtUiiUdoniM wlihiwohuid<i>msFoanta<ng 
witbnarbis bislni, Imitated From St. Peter'), nt j 
Home, ud anmntided by Ihe Unlvorsltir Dolld- I 



iKV,— kl^KICH— PALACE B, BIC. 



Nobia I^les, 



la UrmliiBted bs the 

««W»oi-(GateofVi 
RoDun Myle, by Qfirti 
Conitutliw. The rel 
■yallMIIl^■] Sutne of B 
drum b]> finir Uoni, Ib 
thla tile li Ihe Atadt. 
fandiinae Qreek pDa, /or 



I Eriiebnngs Initltui 
1 by UBilmlllin, <f 
rm il>-]e. Thli Bne 



uto, In • Irinrnphal oa 

B) by Wagner. Outtic 

n- Hldrndni KamU, 



of MailmllUn'a Plati. !• 
'. pst np lo leSR. 
(, In BrlennerBlraate,!. 
thlc atyle of the fonrteenlh and flfteentli 
£al>bsd by GiirtnBr and Kluiop.ln IKW. 
1 resldencf of LndwlB I., Ihe creator ot 
ifoQlch. who abdicated In 1818. It !• 
iy !«0 (eM,and 1D» feet high. "WHlela- 
he name of the reigning /amtly lo which 






Iffi (Academy of 

ColH^ IrKenhanasr-atrMl, near St. Miehael'i. 
Her« are a Una collection ot Pomlla, probably one 
of Ihsbeatln Europe ; alao a good mbieraloglcal 
coIlHtlon, and * Zoologlnl Cablaati with Catit 
of Iht worka of great KolpMra. The lapealry la 
after Bmifaul'i plctnrea at the Vatican. 

Tha CMtttI If Catnt and lledaU. founded by 
Albert v., contalni 1(1.000 Srcek upeclmaii. 
AdmlnlDB: Snndaya, 10 to 11, Wedneadaya and 
Batontaya, 11' 






:l lit 



I WIttelB 



; high, by KIcnae, can 
line war. It has thla lUBcrlp. 
M BBTBrlBiiB who fell lu the 
;d by Lttdwlg, King of Baiarla. 
13, They died for the freedom 
On the left otKiinlg. Plan, 
. Boniface Church, la the 



I bitlon Bnlldhig). with a fafade Ijks the 
Olyplothok oppoillo. Over Ihe poMIco oflwelva 






itflfti 



broMe feu. 


der. a mods 


list, architect 


Mh,l*r. 4=. 




I the Perm 


aneotFimArt 


• Eihlbltlon 


of the Ua 




AuDclatlun. 


Open dally; 








iHlon. Wpf. 






tlngplacealiz 


hoclty. Il 


coplalii al 


the new 




the Mveral 




art, and the pdmli^on 


of any work 


helog aubj 




roYalctaJuryolSlof lh» 




It afford 




making dlr 


ct pnrchaa 






The new 


Propylc^. 


clo« by. 1. a 


Doric gate- 




nl8M,mw 


hlch an relief t 


by Behwan- 


baler, of I 


e Great W 


roflndepende 


nee. 




hbl.hop'» Ca 


hedral (an 




Jral being 


U Frel.lng) la 




HrcAf (Onr 


Ladr-»).n 


ar the rromer 


ade, on. of 


he oldest 


and large 


ehnrchn 1 


the city. 



140 



BRADSHAW H ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 3. 



cross 336 feet long, 180 feet broad, 110 feet high ; j 
the two west towers, each 856 feet high, ending in 
pear-shaped copper spires. The portal has many 
sculptures of the fifteenth century ; and a sun-dial, 
with frescoes, by Schraudolph. The interior is 
lighted by thirty windows, 70feet high, w^ith beau- 
tiful stained glass, of the fifteenth and sixteenth 
centuries. Prince Maximilian's Monuntent of the 
Kmpaor Luckrig (Louis) of Bavaria, by H. Krura- 
por, erected 1603-12, is u splendid mausoleum of red 
marble, with figures and ornaments of bronze. One 
figure in high relief represents the Emperor Lud- 
wi,' in his coronation robes. On the north and 
s mth sides are two colossal Statues of AlbertV. and 
Wilhelm v.; and at the comers are four men in 
armour, bearing the standards of Charlemagne, 
Ludwig the Pious, Charles the Fat, and Ludwig 
IV. Underneath lie buried the Bavarian Princes, 
from 1295 till 1628. In the Choir are many busts, 
carved in wood. Paintings by Peter Candid, 
Caravaggio, and others, at the High Altar. From 
n spot near Bishop Gebsatters tomb, under the 
organ loft, not one of the thirty lofty windows 
can be seen. Here is the large Banner taken, 1688, 
by Max Emanuel, from the Turks. 

St. MiehaelU HofHrehe, formerly the Jesuits' 
Church, is a large cross in the Roman style, 804 ft. 
by 122, built 1583-95, by Wolfgang Miiller, for 
Duke William V., in Neuhauser Strasse. The 
tower fell down while it was being built. In a 
niche, in the facade towards Neuhauser Strasse, is 
a bronze statue of St. Michael, by P. Candid. The 
interior is very beautiful, the floor being marble 
and the roof a fine broad curve, unsupported by 
pillars. At the High Altar is Christopher Schwarz's 
Fall of the Wicked Angels. Other paintings by P. 
Candid, Viviani, and Hans von Aachen. Under 
the Choir are two tombs of the Princes. Thor- 
waldsen's monument of Eugene Beauhamois, Duke 
of Leuchtenberg, in Carrara marble, is a colossal 
figure of the former Viceroy of Italy, supported by 
Qenii and the Muse of History on each side of the 
door, in which appears the motto, '*Honncur et 
Fid^lit^.'* It was erected by his widow. On 
Saniiays and great festivals there is a grand 
^ert/ce of cJ&ssJcal music at 9 a.m. 

^^5^ CAuficA, which belonged to a Carmelite 
^mr^ bout 1704-14, and ia a rotunda, on 



eighteen Corinthian columns, with an Ionic facade. 

The Titeatine Church of St. Cajetan, near the 
Palace, is a cross in the Doric and Ionic styles, 
imitated from St. Peter's, at Rome, 240 feet by 132 
feet, built by A. Borclla, a Bologna artist, for the 
Electress Adelaide. It has a cupola on pillars, and 
a facade of much later date, added 1767, by Cou- 
villers, a Frenchman. The altar-piece has portraits 
of the foundress and her husband, with that of a 
Baron Siinon^ (in a Spanish dress), and a Pied- 
montese physician, whom the Princess loaded with 
honours. The family tombs are below, including 
those of the Emperor Charles VII., Empress Amalia, 
Kuig Maximilian Joseph (1825) and his wife. Queen 
Caroline. The monuments of Prince Maximilian 
and Princess Josepha Maximiliana (died 1821) are 
by C. Eberhard, from designs of Queen Caroline. 
The painthigs on the other twelve altars are by 
Cignani, Tintoretto, ZanchL, <fec. In the sacristy is a 
beautiful work by HeinrichHess,theBurialof Christ. 

St. Peter's is a curious old Church, the oldest in 
the town; it contains, amongst others, six old 
German painthigs, by Werth, and commands^ a fine 
view of Munich from its tower. 

The Griechische Kirdie^ or Greek Church, formerly 
St. Salvator, m the Provision Market, near Maxi- 
milian's Platz, was built 1494, and upon the 
ex-king Otho having been elected King of Greece, 
was given up for the use of the Greeks residing 
here. The communion plate was a present from 
the Emperor Nicholas of Russia. The paintings 
are by a modern Greek artist. 

The AllerheiHgen Kirche (All Saints) is the new 
Chapel Royal, at the Residenz, one of the churches 
erected at the cost of the ex-kmg Ludwig ; built, 
1826-37, by Klenzo. It is in the Romanesque, or 
Lombard style, 145 feet long, by 103 feet broad, 
and 84 feet high; and is richly adorned with a 
profusion of marble, mosaics, painthigs, and gild- 
ings. It is divided into three aisles, by pillars of 
Salzburg marble with gilt capitals. The walls, 
ceiling, and niches are covered with frescoes by 
Hess, on a gold ground. On one side the subjects 
are from the Old Testament ; on the other from the 
New; while those round the altar show the 
connection between the two. The music on Sunday- 
mornings and on ic&«t days is excellent. During 
•ervice, enlranc© on\y ltom\\vfe^xuvm%.\j\vi\. 



Koute 39.J 



HAXD-KOOK TO GERMANY. — MUSICII— GLYPTOTIIEK. 



141 



Ludtngskircfie is another of King I^udwig's 
chnrcbes, in tlic Ludwig-strasse, between the 
Royal Library and the University, built of lime- 
stone, 1829-42, by GSrtner;a rich and beautiful 
ftmcture in the Romanesque style, 245 feet by 
160 feet and 100 feet high; the two towers are 
209 feet. In the fagadc are Schwanthaler's statues 
of Christ, the Evangelists, and Sts. Peter and 
Paul, with a rose window and arabesques. The 
interior contains frescoes by Cornelius. Notice 
especially the Leut Judgmental the altar, one of the 
largest picture* in the world, nearly 70 feet high 
and 40 broad. Beautiful stained windows, and 
wood carvings of saints, with frescoes, by Fortner. 
In the Kreuz Gang, or Garden behind, are the 
fourteen stations or shrines for pilgrims. 

The Bcuiliea of St. Boniface, in KarFs Strasse, is 
one of the richest churches in Munich, founded by 
King Ludwig, 1835, to celebrate his Silver Wed- 
ding, or 25th anniversary of his marriage. It is on 
the model of a Roman Basilica of the Ith and 6th 
centuries, and of the old church of St. Paul extra 
muros, at Rome; the architect being Lieblaud, 
who finished it 1850. St. Boniface, to whom it is 
dedicated, was a Devonshire man, afterwards the 
Apostle of Germany and Archbishop of Mayence. 
The church is 280 feet long, by 130 feet broad and 
86 feet high, and has an eight-column portico with 
bronze doors. The interior consists of a nave and 
four aisles, divided by sixty-six pillars of Tyro- 
lese marble; the walls are scagliola marble, the 
pavement is marble mosaic, and the timber roof 
is blue, with gold stars. There are thirty-four 
medallion portraits of Popes, fh>m Julius III. to 
Gregory XVI. The frescoes represent scenes from 
the life of St. Boniface, with other subjects from 
the lives of saints and martyrs, all by Hess and his 
pupils, Schraudolph, &c. One of the best altar- 
pieces is the Martyrdom of St. Stephen. In the 
crj-pt are the graves of the Benedictine monies of 
the adjoining Seminary. The Refectory has a large 
fresco, the Last Supper, by Hess. This church 
contains the sarcophagus of Ludwig I., who died 
1868, and of liia queen, Theresa. 

The Proteitant ParUh Church, near the Karls- 
thor, is an oval, 143 feet by 57 feet ; begun 1827, 
finished 1833, from designs by Pertscb. It ba« a 
0r/afirc tower, a painted celling by K. Herrmtn, ol 



ihe Ascension. The altar-piece, the Crucifixion, 
is a present from King Ludwig. 

The Maria-HUf-Kirclie (Our Lady of Help), 
or the Auer Church, in the suburb of An, is a 
modem reproduction of old German Gothic, built 
1831-89, from designs by Ohlmttllcr, and standing; 
alone in the Platz, to which it gives name. It is 
240 feet long, 85 feet broad, 90 feet high, of grey 
sandstone, except the nave, which is of red brick. 
It has three portals, and a rose window with a 
tower, 290 feet high, adorned with open filngroe 
work. The mosaic work is covered with coloured 
glass tillgs. The interior is a fine siwclnicn of 
modern German art, especially as displayed in the 
nineteen stained Windows, each of which cost 
10,000 florins. They are filled with events in the 
life of the Virgin Mary, in exceedingly beautiful 
designs, furnished by Schraudolph, Fischer. Ruben, 
and Rockl, and executed by Ainmiiller, under the 
direction of Hess. The carvings in wood at the 
altars are by Schonlaub, and in the chancel by 
Entres. Jews' Synagogue, built 1826, by Metivicr. 

The Glyptothek, or Sculpture Gallery, 

Faces the Konigs Platz, and is open in summer on 
Mondays and Fridays, from eight to twelve and 
two to four; Wednesdays, from eight to twelve 
only. In winter the heurs are shorter. 

It is a noble square pile, 220 feet each way. and 
was built 1816-30, by Klenze, for the late King 
Ludwig, to hold the splendid collection of marbles, 
mostly Greek, which he had begun to make at his 
own cost when Crown Prince. 

It is an imitation of Ionic Greek in style, with a 
marble front, resting on three steps which stretch 
the whole extent of the building. The portico 
rests on twelve Ionic columns, eight of which are 
in front. It is adorned with richly cut cornices 
and sculptures let into the hollow pediment. Pallas 
Ergnne figures as patroness of the Arts around 
her, symbolised by marble figures, designed by 
Wagner, and executed by Schwanthaler, Ilaller, 
&c., in 1836. Among them are the clay-modeller, 
the statuary, the painter, wood-carver, potter, Ac. 
In the pinnacle is the Bird of Minerva, supported 
by Sphinxes and a gilt lyre. 

In the six nlch«% h<i.lQ^ ^x^ V^ss^cut. ^a!€!»5a%. '*- 



««« 



■s« . • 



' / 












' f • I t • • '''^ '* - "' ■■ '• *" 4M/C 

.§ . . t ■ / t^ ./.', .• •/ 

* I t ••>.</ t . .^ • /.-/■ y# 't** 

,4 «■ **m.-. . t* ,/\l.-A •} 

; > // ■ , » 1.4 « . ./ J ^.,«. /I<t 
/ P I It '.** 

■i f • I ■§ f '■ i » *■*.■.«< J §• 4K . , . A «^uf 

■i. I > /• i-t* ff nf..^t •* t t^fAmii^ 

I- I I •t>inii0 H • '■ 

I t" HI I in ft'ii'iii * ft' ¥i'*t *' tft-l- 

• h^Hfillin tinuiH I *t'm^lf'-*'h* f f*m., 'tfi; 
' tyUUi*' 'il Immtt t *"t f/f n44 i$§ titiuk 

M(i fiiM"fiUf4i|iH llf^«l IfMir I'M* Nii/I II«#IM», 

' IllliH-tftfH 'hhtl III |ii(ii»f» f'fl M|M-i llfl' llii Mf lUb 

I />|if>i I htuHU til ihIImI liiiiH lltti titnnuvuin 

I I I ■ illltl> Mi'i lt>iMI IIU' I'lUllli liiillHItl, nr 

I lll| I MIlIP I Mil hMMlii III llli' I'llilllil iif .|4|i|Mil, 

Id ml I-'MmIii Id l*liin I Mil n In rm i)il,UIIII 

III j-iiili n li-i iiuili llii ill-i-iinit liii linti'il M^i* 
I II .11 II inlillKli I »i kill II itKil 1*1141111 I iittil Nil 
II, III mi ill imiilinl hi Muiki- llii- )iuii<litt->i> oM 
t iiiM i-i III) I'liiill'li Ihiuniimul l\ii 4M,(HHI, 
I III i\ I I - hi- \ ii>«|iiil iluxi- uiiulitt»<iio|in)«n 
ti I i( W«>i(ii\ih-i\ M \\\v\\i-^\A IV\ \\i\\\' y^^^y\^ 

\ \\\\\ w •W\\A\\\ \\k\\\\\ \\\\'V\\ AWA ««li> «H)V^^^vl 
\\ \ \\^ ^\\\ \ \\\M\. \*\ t\^^» \\v<\\\' \\\ \\\\^ l'«\\MA 
i\ \. \\ *■ U\ii \\ \ \''\ \\\\^\\\^^\ \s^\\\\\\ \\w\^y\.\ y'^X 

\ \ \\\ »« *\ iK. -^UiA '. \ V»\\ ♦«« Uo\N\«. >^\vv 
■' kx \ |•\\^^>^l\\■ \«\^ \< \\<kK V^ 't\;^vvt 

I ....... >^M^^.C^ ««ik*S\\ «<»%««IVm ^ 



•■fc 



•i .If 

/•*». ,.- -a; - *■ 

'/ >'•.•'*« iiit.-^ii* mit 11** HjimiiCi jC 3^€sc^9e 

',-♦■1 -"v* ; <.»f»-v» .-r cif~._iir JiMe a l-c-Aazifal 
»//•*,, **..'. •4.* I/ 11/ ^'j^-^i^. "■r.'ii -rf Parian 
«,fcfv.*. 4VC •/ iff«'. n.zj-. A Vfinc* 'jpf Cnidas. 

*i tit^i*T /*»«/ fk/j'Kii 'ji the G'^*.!.— This and 
lt#« ti'-£i f'f/tu. *jAi\*-A tb«: F>-t SoaI. are adorned 
wmJi //'*■*■//€«. »#y ';orn«:na*» n%20-30>. ezecated by 
lilMiM'lf mid hy Ziuiuifrrmann and dchlotthaucr. 
I '\ fit- «iil;Jc^;t« treated are Orpheus and Enrydice In 
\Uf ■tmdi'*; Mnrriafce of Nfrptune and Amphitritc; 
Hiilfi' wrnitiiiKon thcffods in Olympus; Minerra 
iiiiil rroiiU'thiMiNt raiidoru and her Box, Jcc. 

I» 1'nihiH ItiHim, HiMsiicM from the wars of tho 
Umnh* mill 'rriijanit, by (JomeliuH— as Achilles 
mill .\ifNiii(«iiiiii»ii (llNputliiK nl>out Driscis; Hector 
mill Arlillloii tlKhtliiK ovor tho corpse of Patroclus; 
mill llio hohtruolluu of Tn>v. 

Itt. Ihis^ AVmm.— Statue of Alexander the 
l*nml. of I'arUu marble, ^uppi^'d to be the best 
)lktmt«ii<« oxuut. 8tMtuo of J«!M>u. Bust of Uaimi- 
\^\. Hum of H^vrateH, Statue of Non>. Thi* 
i\sM«« »)^kw» tho trau>ition fn^ra lirevk to Roman 
an rhon^* i» a ^Wm.'vhi from it to tb* next. v»r 

U XV«M^ Mw«, iIh' taryv:« of a'.!. an4 ri«UT 
4>K^««\sU «\«iiamiHie v^tivj ««.«rk« v>j Kxaas sr;. 

.M\w^w« x>* \«^itoM'a>. vVvcv»: Sei>jv«: Cat^ oif 
,««V*x WvvkJL a^'.;K ^"rvjtt. :ij> r: '.toj Soj;: fcp 

th^aMf* XJV^ «v«lMUim|. 'iMC Hl*t M>^ «Kvq ^~ 
4|k ;9Mi m Vartr«» >H»i M i rf^ -souV^ax^-.. =*^~ 



I Ue Venlbide, 



in WlUliuD. wuj Chulei 



Tbe Old plnaxsothek, or Plctnn Oallery, 
U not (nr from Ihc Gbptotbck, and like It ia n fine 



>r ol all. Kins 
id Old Dutch 



y BfliT«ck. The 



lonie, divided Inio 3 



iir great palutort, by deb' 



m Jiatmt jmd 



ateptaen I«Ebn«i uid b 



ol.— Mainly B 
'InclpEilly Ir 



e great finonu, or Halll, fi 



'k SOft. Tl]« 



eof DuUidIoiimw Bi 



>KHe St. Bflrtholpmew, 
°f the VlrglD.Ko. GD. ■!» 
iMllon. No., 88 10 7), in 
(IWS-liaS) and 



—■Sat. 



CanlglU), ID. 
Tenda, by RapMal. 
Tb« Psrcdi, at Uw aoaUi-Mi 
■eat, oa roar MtUtau^ irMt i 



. LukB, AdDnUaa of ttaa tf agl. In 
I Bonta, lt<K-m.—Vr,t. 107. Cc, Adgntion 
Magi and othen, cbiafly la Cab. ». Hioi 
g. (f)14<B-M.— No. lie, TB« a«Ten J»y*or 
n Cab. *, a Tery Bih woik. Oanrd Dtrld. 
IS— Ho. lis, AdoiBtloD st the Magi, li< 
1 I'empl and iMla I Hall 11. QnentinMauyi,(f) 1«0-1W1).— Ho. iSt, 

ooni8r,H an Ifanit i lat*"*- VW^-^W*-— ■**• V*, V*,"*"**^ *^ 



iratcd Holy Family (dl < 



144 



URA081IAW 6 ILLUbTBATED 



[Sec. 3. 



Hall in. Cabinets 4 and 6. 

Upper Gbhman Schools. 
Martin Schongauer, 1450-88.— No. 174, Nativity, 
Cab. 4. Beriiflrd Strigel, 1461-1628— Nos. 183 to 
183, in Cab. 4. 

Holbein the Elder, (?) 1460-1524. -Nos. 193 to 211. 
The finest are 209 St. Sebastian, 210 St. Barbara, 
211 St. Elizabeth of Thuringia, all In Hall III. 
Holbein the Younger, 1497-1543.— No. 212, Derich 
Bom, Cab. 4. Martin Schaftner, 1508-41.— No. 
219, Peter Appian, Cab. 4. Hans Burgkmair, 
1473 1531.— No. 220, M. Schougauer, Cab. 4; No. 
225, Queen Esther, Hall III. M. Wohlgemut, 
1-134-1519.— Nos. i29 to 235, all in Hall III. 

Albert DUrer, 1471-1528.— Nos. 238, 240, 241. 247 
(SS. John and Peter), 248 (SS. Paul and Mark), 
all in Hall III, and Nos. 287 and 243 (M. Wolge- 
mut), in Cab. 4, arc the best. Lucas Cranach the 
Elder, 1492-1553.— Nos. 270 to 280, chiefly in 
Cab. 4. A. Altdorfer, (?) 1480-1538.— Nos. 288 and 
289 (a Sasanna), 291 to 293, in Cab. 4; No. 290, 
Battle of Arbela, a singular production, in Cab. 5. 

HaU IV. Cabinets 6 to 11, and 28. 

Dutch School. 
Gerard r. Honthorst, 1690-1656.— Nos. 308 and 
309, Prodigal Son, in Hail IV. Bart. v. d. Heist, 
(?) 16!3-70.-Nos. 315 to 318, in Hall IV. 

Rembrandt (Harmens ran Ryn), 1607-69. — Nos. 
326 to 831, all excellent, in Cab. 8; Nos. 324, 325, 
382 (Abram's Sacrifice), and 333 (Himself), in 
Hall IV. Ferd. Bol, 1611-80. -No. 388, Govaert 
Flinck and his wife. No. 339, in Hall IV. Franz 

Hals, 1583-1666 No. 359, Group of Portraits, in 

Hall IV. Thomas de Keyser, (?) 1595.1679. —No. 
361, Settling Accounts, in Cab. 10. A. van 
Ostade, 1610-85. - Nos. 369 to 375, in Cabs. 8 and 
9; the best is probably 371, Boors Quarrelling, 
Cab. 9. Isaak van Ostade, 1621-49. Nos. 376 to 
381, in Cabs. 6, 8, and 9. G. ter Borch or Ter- 
burg, 1650-1702.~Nos. 388 and 389, both good, in 
Cab. 9. Gerard Don, 1618-75.— Nos. 898 to 408, 
in Cabs. 8, 9, and 10; the best are, 894, The 
Quack Doctor, Cab. 10, and 397, Himself, Cab. 9. 
Fr. van Mieris, 1635-81.— Nos. 409 to 428, chiefly 
in Cab. 10; the best are Nos. 414, 415, 417, 420, 
^^A a. Metsa, 163J-67. — Ao. 424, Twelfth N ight, 
^*A r. Piet. de Hooch, 1683-8L'-43&, Dutch 
r^^er/or. c^b, u. A4r. r. d^r W^m, 1650-1722. 



—Not 438 to 467 ; all but No. 451, A Magdalen 
(Hall IV.), are in Cab. 28. Paul Potter, 1625.54. 
—Nos. 471 and 472, in Cab. 6. Ph. Wouverman, 
1619-68.— Nos. 496 to 514, chiefly in Cab. 11 ; No. 
496, A Stag Hunt, is perhaps the best. Jacob v. 
Ruysdacl, 1625-82.— Nos. 544 to 551; Nos. 548 
(Cab. 7), 546 (Cab. 9), and 550 (Cab. 10) arc most 
worthy of notice. Jan Wjmants, 1600-79. — Nos. 
575 to 581 in Hall IV., and Cabs. 9 and 10; No. 
582 in Cab. 11 (figures probably by A. v. d. Vcldc) 
is the best. Jan Both, 1610-51.— No. 583, An 
Evening Landscape, in Cab. 8. Jan Weenix, 1640- 
1719. - Nos. 635 to 645, chiefly in Hall IV. Jan v. 
Iluysum, 168M749.— Nos. 651 to 653, in Cab. 11 ; 
all good examples. 

Halls V. to VII. Cabinets 12 to 16. 
Flemish School. 

Jan Brueghel the Elder, 1568-1625.— Nos. 68) 
to 705, in Cabs. 13 and 14. 

P. P. Rubens, 1577-1640.— Nos. 724 to 800, In 
Halls, V. and YI., and Cab. 12, the latter being 
exclusively devoted to his paintings. The best 
probably are in Hall VI. : Nos. 727, Castor and 
Pollux; 735, Christ Enthroned; 746, Christ and the 
Penitent Sinners ; 754, Silenus ; 782, Himself and 
Wife ; 784, Earl and Countess of Arundel ; 797, 
Helena Fonrment; 798, Himself and Wife; 799, 
The Scholar; 800, Doctor van Thulden, and in 
Cab. 13 ; 782, Defeat of Sennacherib (the finest) ; 
783, Conversion of St. Paul ; 788, The Last Jadg. 
ment; 742, Battle of the Amazons ; 762, St. Chris- 
topher. Jacob Jordaens, 1598-1678. — ^Nos. 818, 
and 814, both good examples. 

A. van Dyck, 1599-1641.— Nos. 822 to 8«8, in 
Hali VII. and Cab. 13; notice specially In Hall 
VII.: No. 826, Madonna; 837, Duko of Pfalz- 
Neuburg; 839 and 810, (?) Burgomaster of Antwerp 
and his Wife; 841, Charles, Duke of Croix; 844 
and 845, The Sculptor, Colyn de Nole, and his Wife ; 
849, Van Dyck's Wife, Maria Ruthven, Countess of 
Gowrie; No. 864, Jupiter and Antlope, Is of 
doubtful authenticity. A. Brouwer, 1605-1638. 
—No. 679, Card Players Quarrelling, Cab. 16 ; 880, 
Barber Surgery, Cab. 15 ; 898, Dice Players, Cab. 
16. D. Tenlers the Younger, 1610-90. —Nos. 902 
to 929, in Cabs. 14, 15, and 16 (excepting No. 
925, St. Luke's Fair at Florence, in Hall V.) ; 
\ the be«t i.t« Wn «ca^ ^\^^ 1 wcro. ^'oav in Cab. 
\ 6. FTMi»H\\i«t,\^Vi-i^.— "^o;Wi^,\\*5l\vti\.vt^- 



ftoul« 39.] tmtb-BOOK 

•u|>*. Ill C»b. 16. F. Snyie™. II 



HUlB VUL to X. Cftblneto IT to 90. 

ITILIU BCHODLB. , 

QiovBiiQidii Fleiole (Fin Ang«[lco), ISS7-14U. ' 
— SM.S8»toWIj In Cab. IT, Euly Florentine, , 
Koi. M« to 1001. SBDdio Botticelli. lUMStO.— ! 
No. 1010. The Dend Christ, in Hill VIIL D. ' 
Ohlrliuriala, 1440-110I.— Nol lOU to lOlS, lo Hall j 
Vlll.i notice 1011, VICKln <uia aolDtL Cimids | 
Con8glliino,(!ll(IOe.— No.loas,MBdonnri,Magrialen, I 
■nd at. Jerome, HnUVllI. PletroVannnccl [Pern- 
(Ino). MW-iei4.— Hoi. 1034, VliionotSt. Gernurd, | 
•nd lOW, Virgin UHi Child, Ball VIII, Fronc. 
Franel», 14)0-1 S17.— Hoi. 1009, Medoiiua In the 
RoKi. and 10#, Madonna and Child, HoU VIII. 

Rsphael. 1183-ls20.-No. 101», The Canlglani 
Kolj Family, In HaU VII. ; Koa. IGfiO nnd lOSl.The 
Uadonna Tempi and Madonne della Tends, In Cab. 
18; Ko. 10», (!) Portrait of Bln<lo Aldovlti, in Hall 
Vin. Andrea del Satto, IMT-lMl.— No, 106«, 
Holy Famllr, In Hall VIII. Lorcnio Lotto, 14B0- 

Vin. Corregglo. 14M-16!4.-No 109*,' Satyr, 
Cab. 19{ No. lose. Virgin and S. Ildcfonu, Hall 
VIII. Paloa VeoeWo, 1460-1(138.— So. 1107, 
HlmieU; Ho. 1108, Virgin and Child, with St. 
Kocb, both Id Hall IX. ; Due ipeclinena. 

Titian, 14TT-1»0.— Not. 1108 lo 1118, aU In Hall 
IX; notlH apnilally, 1100, Vli^n and Cblld, 
Kith Bt, John; nil, Charlei V.; lilt, Chrirt 



BaU ZII. Cabinet 31. 

e the belt are cenalnly tho« o/ G 









Italy ai 



The Hew PUuwOtlWk, in Tbereilen Slraiw, 
behind tho old one, la a rectangular pUe, bnllt bj 
Volt, 1848-53; and la SM feet by 103 feet, and 09 feat 
liigb, In two atoreya. It aontalns eiclualvely Jfe- 
ilem PainHngi of the preaeut c 



■.o\%:i 



.4). 



. Palntlogi on porcelain 



IS.-Noi. 1188 to uaj, in Hall II. ir 
alns nine plclurei of hit aehool. Noi. 1188 to 
Jnldo Rem. 1BTIHB48.— 1170, Aammption 
icit] ; 1i;i to 117E. Ill In Hall S. Cam. Pi 
rial, IHO-1323.— No. 191], Virgin and Child 
aall X. Carlo Dolel, 1013-83.— No>. 1^34 <o 
inHallX. 1 "" " 



>neae,lBas- 



alMlto 



I. in Cab. 



BftUZI. OaUnetai. 

HraintB Scbooi. 
The beat pletnrci bere are Ihoae ofMnnilo. 131^ 
8t,— Hoi. 1308 to ISOS; Noa. 1804 Ud 110« ai 
BtggtrSon tbetrttM nry due (zuiiple. 



refer to the l(0DmB)—£aiveA(>i'iiu: (I.) Kaulbaeb, 
LndwigI.(n.)Alomailer,lnt«r[or.ofWertniinater 
Kbbey; Schom. The Delnge; Plloty. Wallen- 
.(ein'iDealh. (IlI.)Kantbach, DQJiracilonof Jem- 
lalcm. (IV.) Enfrance of King Olho Into Alheni. 
ly.jOrerbeek.HolyFamlly.fVI) Koltmann.Greok 
apea, micanatlc,— .^Mull JU>omi.* (I.) Kircbnar, 
lelb«rgi P. Adam, Battle of on eana. (U.)i^i, 
lage; F«uerbaeb. Battle of the Olantl. 
I IIII.) Kaulbach, Deilgna for tbs (rtacoea on tho 
exterior; OieAgurea are portrait). (IV.)A.'AdUD. 

I the Will.— CoMt*«-. \A'i*S*»>., 



)^ j Landscai 
1. I Heidelb* 



IM 



AWf 



[SccS. 



i. 



vC4W flC w^tL %» wOnCV, 

f«. tMHi9^ Mar^. </ IMmiu II 

B«l«ni tA TctmIDm. 

€fimimfm* e o y ic< «f the griMt TcaMifan amd ffirt 
MMtiiT*. «l«o • e«»|rf«te aniM^f flMdcni f«iitfteC» ; 
9UtiTrinkgtU. MmOHm^ir Art-HJaUrUai CW- 
luthM, M tht i wilirdbr Ait— I. fai tbe If fn— rfct. 
«f«ii mni4«f • TM0d«j, M4 Frfdftf . f to L 
fllMCrMtof tli« liM^rf of Mwdefa. At the 
gekwamAMter Mtuemm, f» MiwaatlMlcr Stnine, 
•r» emu of «11 M« worluL bcqvcatbed to the 
AtMdtmy *ff ^^iMiHic AH*. Open dafljr, 25 pf. 

aimtpaiaU {CrywUX P«laee>, in the BoCanicAl 
0*r4«tM« oted for the AnonjU And Inunuttiooal 
•xlilMiloM vrgMttlned hj the Mnnicb Artists* 
AfsodAtlon. 

fn th« Krzirlef0trel 0tr«Me 1j the Aoyo/ Brcmu 
Fotm4rt( KrxfieMerei),e«UMbbed bjr KingLndwig, 
Mul open dftlly, 1 till 6. Here fnronze oniMientt of 
»U kind* niAf be obtained. Tlie eoloMal statne of 
HerArle, ftt the Rnhnetbelle, wAicMt here. 

The Buhm^shalU (or HaU of FAme) la about 
iMlf an hour's wAlk outside the 8endling-Tbor. It 
WAS Imllt 1^44-00, by Klenie, for King Lndwlg, of 
IJntersberg merble, And stAnds on a height orer- 
looking the city, to the sonth-west. It is a colon- 
nade <m 4fl Doric filllArs, Aliout 200 feet long, in 
the form of a liAlf rectangle, And c^mtalns 80 basts 
of celebrAted llararlans, with Hchwanthaler's fonr 
Faniilies of tlio Ilavarian house, in tho pediment. 
Open dalifi closed hstwuen 13 and it. 

In fnint of tho Ituhinoshallo is placed Schwan- 

thalor's gigantic figure of Bavaria and her Lion^ 

cast in INftO, from guns taken at ths battle of 

Mavarlno. It is 09 ftiet high, including the marble 

pudeital, 40 ft^ot. A broad staircase leads up to 

IhM Matua. and a spiral one to its head, in which 

is room for 11 vo persons. Foe, 40pf. The view 

tsiiif0M tlim TyroU— bills. 

j»M/^v^^tAi$//0 (Mouth end of LudirJgstraiM)« 

' ///#* fUor^iiUiw 0tyh, It Ml imitntUm of the 




Is 

refic<i of tke ckicf 

la f rwt of the OM 
H0f nemter (C^mix 

«# the Urgcit ia 
of imL bj 

freat is 1 



m Icct higk. wmA tas 



MS fed tanad: it 



of ApoOo a^ the Ml 
the Honea. both bj 
bafldJBg b 350 feet loag: 
will bold from 2.«»f to 2,M0 q»eetaton, a^ 
be viewed ea three days at 3 pui 
MaxindliaBstr. Perfonnaiiees afluDy take place 
OB Smidaje. Tneedajs. Tlinndaya. and FHdaya 
The vsaal tlase is 7 pjn. The Re$Uemz ThmUr 
coiameiicca abont the eaoM time: perforsaaeee oa 
Sondaja, Toeedaja, and Saturdays. The O ^ H met 
PUUt neater is deroted to eooiedies. The fUb 
2%eotor(PeopIe*s Theatre) is in SenefelderStraase. 

Pdftethnic Sdkool, by Neureutber, in the Renais- 
sance style, near the Old PinacothelE, dall j. 

The Nem Foet-Ofice (Post Geba&de), f «cfa»g the 
KSnigsbau and lIax-Joae]rii»-Platz, was built by 
Klenzc, 1834, by enlarging the old palace of Count 
T9rring, of which paic remains in the ReaideBi 
Strasse. The principal front is in the solid Floren- 
tfaie style, 390 feet long, 66 feet high. The lower 
is an arcade or loggia, on 14 Doric pillars. Tbe 
frescoes are by lliltensberger. Telegraph and 
Telephony Office here. 

The Rathhaus (Town Hall), in Marienplats, is a 
modem Oothic pile, opened 1874. The Old Bath- 
baus, close by the new building, was restored in 
1865. Underneath the tower, which is oruameuted 
with some good stereocbromatic pictures, runs tlie 
road leading to the broad street called the 2%c/, 
which terminates at the Uar-Thor. Oom mariEOts 
are held In the Marienplats. In the middle is the 
Statue of the Virgin^ erected by the Elector 
Maximilian I., in memory of his victory at Prague, 
1690, at the battle fought on the White Hill; it 
bear^ th« puDaQ\svf^ NxvNot^aXXon. \.q \}Dk& Vix^ta (each 
word Vi\weM\\\^5 \>7 «^ *'ij\\«Xi\^'^. '''■1^580^ ^^^bobh, 



Route 39.1 



BAKD-BOOK TO GERMANY. — EKTIROKS OF MUNICH. 



147 



Regimen, Reglonem, Rellgionem, conserva Ba- 
varia Virgo Maria tuis." In front of the 
Gk>Temmcnt buildings, in ttie same Platz, Is the 
Fischbrunnen^ into which butchers' apprentices, 
wrapped in hides, were formerly made to jump 
at the end of their term of service. This was 
called the "Mctzg^rsprung.** 

The Isarihor (Isar Gate), an old German Gothic 
pile, with three towers, was ornamented with 
fresco paintings, by King Ludwig. The subject is 
the entrance of the Emperor Ludwig, of Bavaria, 
after the battle of Ampfing, 1822. On the two 
side gates are the arms of the nobility and of 
the towns which fought for Ludwig in this battle. 
They were done by GSrtner, 1838. The Statues 
of St. George and St. Michael, by Eberhard. 

In front of the Sendlingerthor is the AUgemeinei 
Krankenhaus (General Hospital), lullt 1818, by 
King Max Joseph, from Fischer*s designs. It is a 
large quadrangle, 140 paces long, 175 broad, and is 
well arranged, containbig 54 wards, for about 650 
patientD, besides 81 chambers for separate patients 
and the officials, chapel and other requisites. 
Behbid the Hospital is a Convent for Sisters cf 
Mercy, who nurse the sick, with a chapel built 
1837. The Anatomie-Saal, or Dissecting Room, is 
a detached building, in Sendlinger-strasse. 

The Southern Cemetery (Gottesackcr), or Friedhof , 
is in the old suburbs, on the southern side. At 
its entrance is St. Stephen's Church, built m the 
time of Albrecht V. Among the Monuments is one 
erected 1831, for those who fell in defence of their 
country at Sendling, and with this inscription : " To 
those who on Christmas Day, 26th December, 1704, 
fell in l>attle for Prince and Fatherland, hi Upper 
Bavaria;'' and an Obelisk to General Bastoul, who 
died at Munich after the battle of Hohenlhidcn. 
Here also are monuments to F. H. Jacobi; Frauen- 
hof er, the optician ; and Sennefelder, the discoverer 
of Lithography, Ac. At the end is a circular arcade 
or crescent, with a chapel in the middle, and a 
room in which corpses are placed for identification. 
On All Safaito' and All Souls' Days, thousands, both 
Catholics and Protestants, visit the cemetery to 
deck the graves of their dead friends. A new 
^rave-yard (Leichenfeld), with a vestibule in the 
middle age Lombard style, is situated behind it. 
Here Ja the monument of QUrtner. 



The Schmerzhafte Capelle (Dolorous Chapel) 
was built, 1705, *'in honour of the Passion of 
Christ and of his Mother." About three-quarters 
of a mile distant is the Jews' Cemetery, with a 
monument to the poet, Michael Beer. 

E&YlTOllB Of Munich.— One of the most fre- 
quented is the EnglUcher Garten (English Garden), a 
beautiful park, more than three miles long from the 
end of the Hofgarten. It contains some charming 
groups of tall trees and plants, bridge, statues, 
waterfalls, <fec., and was first laid out by the Elector 
Karl Theodor, from the plans of Count Rumford, 
an American loyalist, named Thompson, who, after 
being knighted in England, entered the Bavarian 
service, and, in the pursuit of studies on heat, 
invented an economic plan of cooking food for the 
poor. Ho assisted in founding the Royal Institu- 
tion in London, and died at Paris. 

To the left of the entrance is the Palace of Prince 
Charles; from which a row of villas stretches from 
Konigin-strasse to the Royal Veterinary School. To 
the right the road loads to the Park, in the middle of 
which is a Chinese Pagoda. A circular building or 
Monoptcros, by Klcnze, on twelve Doric pillars, 
was dedicated, 1833, to Karl Theodor, the founder 
of the Park. Its capitals, &c., arc coloured in the 
polychrome style. In imitation of the old Greek 
style. There are several coffee houses and favourite 
spots near the English Garden, such as Tivoli, 
Paradiesgarten, Schwabing, the Aumeister, Hir- 
schau, and the Isar-Anlagcn. A bridge leads 
across the Isar to Bogcnhausen. The Observatory 
at Bogcnhausen is near Gasteig hill, and a walk in 
this direction is recommended for sunset effects. 

To Unter Sendling, through the Sendling Gate, 
where the parish church displays a large fresco, 
pahited 1881, by Lhidenschmit, of the battle fought 
here, 1704, between the Austrians and the country 
people. Hence to Gross-Hesdiohe, three miles 
distant, a pleasant spot on the Isar, which belonged 
to General D'Erlon, who lived here as Boron 
Schmid. It can be reached by rail. 

Nymphenburg is a royal pleasure Castle, three 
miles from Munich, built by Princess Adelheid, 
1663. It has a large fountahi 90 feet high, and the 
porcelahi factory, once ri»yal property. In the ^gw.- 






>»»• « '•«• 'Jv^V .Vtt«<» "M-MMita. 




». 3caBca.3i 




f'*i^im Ji #'*iw»wrar *fl 

^'VM^tMv<<<«A .*, 1*1 W*f;iif*im , 44 

1fW/W « W #'*i««*»Vraf — JCi 

If/^fA p*tt4'lftt9J'n lh^ hMvurttm If IkM«*4« <>r Alfic 

UUUUA ^/t* In M'/ii<4 Vff, ihst rati |«*«r«fftilaf 

'I Iff ft u, fUuMif fWUi.f, AiMl 

iUfnlMrrf ^it«l./, M"l H« r*«jiutlful Uk«, or 
WUrm^*'*', M »(tU« W/n^; »ltirt«'l liy th«! rail An4 
f fNtitf M*/! ffr II •nmU (rtMniAr t// iMllHttyt U Mt*- 
ft'/fi <fH M*« TiiUliiy «nd l'4in/l/«rg lln#!), at th« 

HiHtttt «M/1 

FOiMmtlOftll ^lt*t), '»» Ita bankf, near » 

(/'a«iiii lf«iUtiKtfiK (o l>uli« Max, faclnt^ the royal 

liiifittfitfM'af of Hfritt <ti tUtt «ta«t nhori). At the 

MioiillM'f tliM Wllrin, N<«ar tfi« l'At«iri«?)runn Dath, 

/'^#///# ///^ hfMunfu) JMUhlltial or valKiy of tb« 

Mf^/// At ttmhmllhlti, fffiMrhmMipia In mM to hat© 

v^// ////A/// ///^ A////i4F <// Kgrhhurg Cuatlt cr<mn 




T jTMsie Al9«. 

JVEh:iadm4r 

/■lie of the 

Bsnr '<' tike UnmtT 

iMCt 1 932. «a a lock 

JtMMf. fomerl J a BcacActine Abbey; 

the Mrreath ccntuy. aad St. Xagaas 

eontains Biaaj good paintingi, a 

aad tomlM of Ponikaa and 

retddent bere. SaU to Oberdorf. 

Before Fllseen. from BBcbinfr. j«« 
Into the road to the seat of tbe Qoecn Pow agw of 
Bararla. 

SclllOM HolieiUMllwaagail or ,%*i>MMlnla, an 
old CoMtUt t miles from Passen. moat rom anifca Dy 
•Itnated between high monotaina. 2,890 feet above 
tbe Ma. and rentored by King iim-»iw>qtm^ wider 
the direction of the architect, Domiiiie QnagliOi 
in the roe^jeral style. The frescoes are 1^ LorcBi 
Qnaglio, Lindenschmit, Neher, Gliack, aad the 
Schwanthalers. Two knights OTer the gate by 
Bchwanthaler. In the court of tbe eaatle an 
three fountains, respectively ornamented 1^ a 
VadonTiiL^ by QUnck; four Lions by 
, Ibaler •, anA «l ftww\, Xsy ^\fliawr. T^ 
I lo\mlft\ft Vt tax VisA\»XVni ^'^ ^"^^ MCoaB&Bw., '^ha 



\ 



Route 39 a.] haks-book to germ amy. — fussen, obebammbrgau. 



149 



hall is decorated with knights in armour, coaU of 
arms, implements of the chase, and stained windows. 

On the Queen's Storey are— the Schwanrit- 
tersaal, with four frescoes of the legend of the 
Knight of the Swan, by Adam ; the Syrenensaal, 
with frescoes from Bavarian history, by Linden- 
schmit; the Orientalische Zimmer, with the 
Remembrances from the East, by Scheuchzer; 
History of Hohenschwangau, by Lindenschmit in 
the fourth Saal; Bertha Zimmer, by Olinck, from 
flchwind's designs of the History of the Parents of 
Charlemagne; Damen Zimmer (Women's Room) 
with Scenes from German female life in the middle 
ages, by Schneider. In the King's Storey— the Held- 
cnsaal (Heroes' Room), with Scenes from the Nibel- 
ungenlied by Adam, Glinck, Giessman, and Neher. 
The Hohenstaufensaal— six frescoes by Linden- 
schmit. Tassozimmer, — subjects from the Jerusalem 
Delivered (Rinaldo and Armida), after Schwind, by 
Glinck. Welf enximmer (Guelph Room), by Linden- 
schmit; Anthariszlmmer (Autharis, King of the 
Lombards), after Schwind, by Glinck and Adam. 
Ritterzimmor (Knights' Room),— frescoes from 
Schwind's designs, by Neher, Glinck, and Nilson. 
In the third storey are eight domestic pictures, 
from designs by Rubens. 

2. For Innsbruck. From Wellhelm (page 148) 
there is a short line (14 miles, in 1^ hour) past the 
Lakes of Rieg and Staffel to MBXnau (population, 
1,600), at the foot of the hills, where feather oma^ 
ments are made. The distances from MlUliau 
are as follow: — 

Miles. 

Mittenwald 25f 

Innsbruck 39| 

The rail is now prolonged to Garmisch-Parten- 
kirshen, through Oberau, whence there is a 
diligence to Oberammergau, up the beautiful 
valley of the Ammergau, among the Kofel and 
other peaks. Wood and ivory toys are made here. 

At Obenunmergau (dUlgence from Mumau 
In 4 1 hours), every ten years, the PeuHon Play Is 
performed by the natives, attended by crowds of 
people from all quarters, besides many foreign 
Visitors; in a Theatre containing 100 rows of 60 
each. It has been acted since 1633, when the 
village was delivered from the plague-; and the 
Jffnf performance W4«Ut 1890, A^\^\ l,'?0O persons 



take part in the play, which lasts the whole day. 
{See Rev. M. M'Coll's Gnide to the Passion Play.) 

The round convent of Ettal was founded by 
King Ludwig, on his coronation, 1803, and has 
some frescoes by Tyrolese artists. 

Hence, by Farteukircheu and the Eibsee^ the 
highest lake in Bavaria, to Mittenwald^ and over 
the Karwendel range, to Schaniitz, in Tyrol, on 
the way to Innsbruck. 

Partenldrchen (Stat.) 

Inns.- Post; Stem. 

A former Roman station, and a favourite resort, 
in the heart of the Bavarian Highlands, noted for 
its romantic scenery. Among the lofty limestone 
peaks here visible or worth ascending arc Wetter- 
stein^ 9,000 feet high, and Zugspitze^ the highest of 
all, 9,715 feet above the sea. The people here play 
on the zither, the same as the ghittem or guitar. 
The route over the pass was first made by the 
Romans, and was formerly guarded by the Porta 
Claudia, a fortress built by the Archduchess 
Claudia of Medici, and blown up by Noy, 1805. 

Another road is by way of the following- 



Miles. 

Walchensec 28 

MIttenwald »»| 

Innsbruck 69 



Miles. 
Munich by rail to 
Wolfrathshausen ... 22 J 

K5nig8dorf 8^ 

Benedictbeuem ... 16| 

The line passes from the Thalkirchen Station, 
through Gross Hesselhohe and Ebenhausen, to 

WolfrathBliausen (Stat), at the junction of 
the Loisach with the Isar, among picturesque 
scenery, often painted by Claude when living at 
Harlachingcn. Thence by road to 

Benedictbeuem, so called from the Benedictine 
Abbey, now turned into a glass factory. A short 
distance from it is 

Schiehdorf, under the Benedictentcand, a steep 
point of view, about 6,900 feet high. Hence the 
road winds over the Kesselberg^ which last com- 
mands prospects of great extent. 

WalCbenBee, or Wallersee, a lake in the midst 
of a thick forest. The village is noted for renehef^^ 
the name of an excellent fresh water fish caught 
here. 



150 



BSADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 3. 



A town, at a hig^h elevation, where musical 
instruments and coarse silk purses arc made. 

Hence past the source of the Isar, and over the 
Karwendel hills, on the Tyrolese boundary-, to 
Sccfcld, Zcil, and 

Innsbruck Station, on the Iim.— See Brad- 
thaw' $ Iland-Dooks to Tyrol and to Switzerland. 

Hunicli to Ereuth, la tlie Bavaxian Hlgli- 
lands. 

By rail, on tho Salzburg line, as follows— 



Miles. 

Micshach 34 

Hausham 37 

Schlicrsoc 38 



Miles. 

Rcif^ersbauern 324 

TJilz 36 



Munich to Miles. 

Grosshessclloho 7 

Sauerlach 1G 

Holzkirchen 23 

Thalham 30 

At HO'ZkirChen (Stat.) a branch turns off 
for Taiz as follows: — 
Miles. 

Holzkirchen 23 

Oberwamjau 27 

Schaftlach 30 

Branch line from Schaftlach to Gmund, 4 miles. 

Omnibus from Qmund daily for Kreuth and 
the Achcnsee, and to Miesbach. 

Beyond Sauerlach (Stat.) are the remains of 
a Roman entrenchment, called Devirs Wall. 

From Gmund Station there isa,n omnibus 4 times 
daily to 

Tegemsee. 

Hotels. — Guggemoos; Tegemseehof ; Steinmetz. 

A village on Lake Tegem, a picturesque and deep 
sheet of water under the Bavarian Alps, four miles 
long, and one and a quarter broad, with wooded 
mountains all round, commanding fine views, 
c specially from the Waldberg and Letzbcrg. Here 
was a Benedictine Abbey, founded 772, by the 
Agilolfingers, and restored 979. after its destruction 
by the Hungarians. It was converted by King Kax 
Joseph into a handsome country seat for his Queen, 
Caroline, and still belongs to the Royal Family. 
There are several villas around. The restored 
Church has some good paintings. Good points of 
view at Rottach, the Wcsterhof, the Faraplui. just 
behind the village; from the Neureit-Berg, and 
8cb »'ai.^hof , which has a good sulphur spring. 
Excursions to 8cllllerse6 (Stat )i six miles, over 
/Aa GJndolalpc, and the narrow pass of Kai9er 
x/ausc, n.^rr called Vmlepp; by tbe Wen^eUioia to 
^^'erta^or/; wti to tljc Avli?u$eo. 



Krenth is reached by the beautiful valley of 
the Weissach, and has an excellent sulphur spa, 
called WUcRktd^ nearly 2,730 feet above the sea, at 
the bottom of a picturesque mountain hollow. 
There are douche and steam baths as well as 
mineral, with other appliances for visitors, in the 
midst of pure air and fine scenery. 

Excursions. — At the Planberg a remarkable 
panorama is obtained of the line of glaciers from 
Zugspitz to the Grossglockner, and over the 
Bavaria plain, ns far as Munich. There are fine 
walks through the Achenthal, past Achenkirchcn, 
up to the Aehemee, into Tyrol ; and to the Dam nt 
the Kniscr Klause. The Konigsalpe, eight miles 
south-west of Krenth, has a splendid view. 
Excellent variegated marine is fonrd »p thin 
quarter; with naphtha, here called St. Quirinns's 
Oil, after a holy man of that name. 



MonlCh to Regensburg (Ratisbon), tbe 
WaUiaUa, and Niimberg (Nuremberg). 

By rail (Baj-orische Ostbahn); stations 



as 



[To Eger, vid Schwan- 
dorf, 92 miles.] 

Miles 

Elchofen 93 

Parsbcrg 108 

Neumarkt-in-Obpf. 12'4 
NUmberg 148 



under: — 

Munich to Miles. 

Freising 20 

Landshut 45| 

Neufahrn, by Ergols- 

bach 60 

[Branch to Straubing] 

EggmUhl 69i 

Regensbnrg 85 

[The Walhalla, about 6 
English miles distant.] 

Freising (Stat.), in Upper Bavaria. 

POPCLATION, 8,900. 

Iks. — Pflug. 

An old cathedral town, the See of the Arch- 
bishop of Munich, on the Isar, in a pleasant 
country. The Romanesque Doin, built 116(^1250, 
but altered in 1722, has two towers and a 
remarkable old Crtpt, on the short thick pillars of 
which, dividing it into four aisles, are carved 
monsters. Weihenstephan Abbey, on a hill, is 
now a brewery and model farm. Near the high 
road is a Monument to Graf von Avensberg, 
killed in single combat, 14(Mi, by Duke Christoph 
of Bavaria. 

1&00a\l\IX1( ^^V«X.>, «^ ^^ws\«.Vv> «^cvl, b«Yon4 



Boute 40.] 



HAND-BOOK TO 6BSMANT. — TEGBSKSBB, BEGEKBBUBO 

of Lower 



151 



LAHDSHUT cStat.), the cupital 

Bavaria. 

Population, 18,870. Inns.— Kronprlnx; Post. 

An old town, once fortified, in a beantifnl part 
of the Isar, which is here divided into two arms, 
forming an island, in which the suburb is situated. 
It is brick built, and has a Bridge, a Palace, called 
the Nen-Bau, and three brick Churches, all Gothic. 

St. MartWty begun 1 450, is famous for a fine altar, 
and an eight-sided tower, 462 ft. high, from which 
there is a splendid view over the Bavarian plidn; 
only Cologne, Rouen, Hamburg, and Strassbnrg are 
higher. The stained windows deserve notice. 

IIoI}- Ghost Church, built 1407, of brick, like the 
other two. The Old Post Office (OberiK>stamt8- 
Gcbaude) has some interesting restored fresco- 
]K>rtralt8 of the Bavarian Dukes. There was 
formerly hu University here, which was trans- 
ferred from Ingolstadt, 1800, and was removed In 
1826 to Munich; since which Landshut has lost 
much of its importance. The way past the Botanical 
Gardens leads up a hill to the old Cattle of 
Trausnitx^ the former residence of the dukes, many 
of whom are buried in the Seligenthal convent 
chapel, close by. It contains fine mural paintings, 
decorations, and panelled ceilings. Conrad, of 
the house of Hohenstaufen, was bom here, 1252. 
There is a monument to Ludwig the Rich, erected 
by the ex-king. 

Rails to Landan (page 178) and to Ncumarkt- 
au-der-Rott. 

EggmtUll (Stat.), or Eckmtihl, 13 miles from 
Ratisbon, noted for the victory which Marshal 
Davoust gained here over the Austrians, 1809, 
with the title of Prince of Eckmlihl. 

BEOENSBUBG or KATISBON (Stat), 
the capital of the circle or province of Oberfpalz 
(Upper Palatinate); in Bavaria, on the Danube. 

Population, 37,567. 

HoTBLa. - -Goldenes Kreuz (Golden Cross), where 
Charles V. lodged ; Griiner Kranz. 

CoNVBYANCES.— Rail to Muuich, Vienna, Nu- 
remberg (for the direct line, seep. 150), Prague, &c. 
Station on the south side of the town. Rail to 
Kelheim, Ingolstadt, Landshut, Ac. Steamers in 



1-20 marks. Or by rail to Walhallastrasse (six 
minutes), and thence by foot in 1 hour. Carriage 
and horse, there and back, 7 marks, with stay of 
1| hour; two horses, 10 marks to 18 marks. 

This very old town stands in a fertile valley, on 
the south side of the Danube, opposite the mouth 
of the little river Regen, and in the circle of Regen. 
There was a Roman town here in the second cen* 
tury, called Regina^ Regia^ Reginutn, afterwards 
Ratisbona ; a remnant of which is perhaps the 
Romerthurm, near the Herzogshof (in the Kom- 
markt), the old seat of the Agilolfingers, or Dukes 
of Bojoarlen (Bavaria), till Charlemagne made the 
place a free city. St. Boniface founded a bishopric 
here about 740. In mediieval times it became a 
populous mart for trade; and from 1668 to the 
destruction of the Empire, 1806, it was the seat of 
the German Diet^ sixty-two meetings of which were 
held at the old Rathhaus. Here a league against 
the Protestants was formed, 1524. At the peace of 
Lundville, it was transferred to the Prince Primate, 
Charles Dalberg, and in 1810 to Bavaria, after 
Napoleon had, in 1809, defeated the Austrians in a 
bloody battle of five days under its walls. He was 
slightly wounded in this battle. 

A Bridge, 1,100 feet long, 23 feet broad, built 
1135-40, crosses the river to the suburb of Stadt- 
am-Hof, on the north side, passing between the 
islands of Oberer Wohrd and Unterer WShrd, in 
the midst of the stream, near the St. Catherine 
beerhouse. The old town ramparts are tomed 
into gardens. 

It bears all the marks of a medinval city, in its 
high stone gable houses and narrow crooked streets. 
Maximilian Strasse is modem, and built with some 
regularity. In the Gesandten Strasse (Ambassadors 
Street), the houses still bear the arms of the coun- 
tries whose envoys resided here, as the Imperial 
Eagle, Lion of St. Mark, Ac. The Mecklenburg 
envoy continued to live here after the break up of 
the ancient empire, and died just before 1848. 
About 20 Renaissance fortified Towers and l)eacon8 
are also seen, among which is the Golden Tower, 
in Waller-strasso; that of the Haus Zum Goliath, 
with its fresco of David and Goliath, near the 
bridge^ axvd. «iwcA.YkKt *x^'fe^is3A!SB.^^<^"«kSiM^. "fc*- 



summer, to Donauworth (or by rail). Omnibuses \ V\iV% \a*\. -vsa \»r^ \iwi. ^^5wbl ^V K^»a»«^*^ 
fp tUe mi'^ffa (6 mUeg), in 1 1 hour ; return fare*, \ w^u ol C^xw\^^N .>i \\v^ ^vt'^v^'^^'^ 



■vvK^ 



152 



BRAI>«HAW 8 ILLUfTKATBD 



[_SCC« 3» 



TCear iha Ost«n (tr Rant O&te, Is tbe King's Fi77a, 
A small Gothic hoiis«t, on a bastlofi. 

The large old Rathham, In which the Oerman 
piftt met, Is of the fourteenth century, with a later 
iiddltl'm made 1990. It has a carred portal and 
staircase leading np the large JUichuadl, where tbe 
meml/ers of the I>let nsed to assemble. It contains 
|w>rtralts and chairs, with a number of models by 
Rcgensburg artists. Here Is the Town Library^ with 
fl collection of 20,000 maps. The subterranean 
liflsons below were used down to 1784. Merc are 
the Blockkflinmom narrow vaults, In which you 
cannot stand upright; lower down, a Torture 
chamber, with nil the lm[>lcments of torture in 
good preservHtlon ; next Is the grated room In 
which the Judges sat. Tickets at the guardroom 
OYaehthkal% 50 pf. Opposite the Rnthhaus is the 
house of the DoUinger family, noted for two 
pntnttngs of the flght between Hans Dolllngerand 
the giant, Krako, which may be Inspected. 

In a house near here are the collections of the 
Historical Hocioty, the Zoological and Mineral- 
ogirnl Hoclety, and the Botanical Hocicty. 

The lino ro«torod Cathedral or J)om of St. Peter, 
built ri70.U3», Is a fine Oothlc stone pile, 806 feet 
long, and 190 foot broad, with some excellent 
carved work in the fine west front. The towers, 
Htlll uiinulithed, arc 'iMO foot high. The nave is 
about IVU f(H>t high. The stained glass windows 
have boon oomplotod since 18J18, In a stylo of great 
bonuty. The high altar, of pui*o silver, was made 
KHfl, by Prlnco-lUnhop Fuggt^r. A good apse 
behind. 

Aumng the MimHmfnti are Margaret Tucherln 
of NUmberg (16SI)— a brtM»«o relief of Jesus at 
llothrtuy, by IVtor Vlsohor} the handstome bronie 
Matrte of rnrtllual IMshop Philip Wllholm, Duke of 
DavaHa (lftlW^( Prlnoe Bishop Tount Uerbertstein ; 
• stone oarvlng of I'hrlst fiHHllng the Five Thou- 
sand: a nmrlde statue of Prince Primate Karl 
l>«lberjr 0?*I7> fnnu Canova's designs^ by Lulgi- 
Xendemeueght i alm> the late nt«lM>ps of Sailer, 
Wttltnann. and i^ohwXbl, the last by F.herbard. 

In the eloUters ^nitside an^ nuiny oM tombs and 

tfomnn ntiMtnn fitntitt in f ht» «elghb*»urliood : also 

fy/tfM/ttt, ,ir thP /m» <t/toA»nr olM|««>l.< of Allj^atats 

V! /:*"''' **' f'tvt^hpn^. Th0 Aw5' Towr, or 



to tbe battlementa, for the donkeys carrying' bricks 
and mortar. Near the Dom is the old deserted 
Bi$ao/tko/, or Episcopal Palace, in which the Em- 
peror Maximilian II. died, 1576. The Roman 
Tower adjoins it. 

Bi. BUuiem (St. Blaise), formerly the Dominican 
Church, is a large, light, Gothic building, having 
an altar-piece, the Fall of the Angels, by Bubens ; 
and the chapel of Albertus Magnus, containing his 
portrait and pulpit. 

The large XiedermSruter Church was attached 
to a noble ecclesiastical establishment for ladies, 
founded 960-970, by Judith Gisela, widow of Duke 
Henry of Saxony, who entered the convent herself 
with twelve Countesses. It has been used as a 
residence of the Bishop. The churcb has been 
restored and modernised, and contains tombs of 
the Emperor Otto II., and his mother Adelheid, 
and of the founder. 

The Church St. Dionys (Dionysius or Denis), at 
ObermSnster, was part of another ecclesiastical bouse 
for noble ladles, and has graves of the foundress, 
Hemma, wife of King Ludwig of the Germans 
(died 876), and of Duke Henry I. of Bavaria ; with 
some beautiful monuments in the Vorhalle or front 
court. The Abbesses of this house and of Ober- 
milnster had seats in the Diet. 

St. Jacob's or the Schottenkirehe^ belonging to the 
old convent of Scotch Benedictines, now a Seminary 
for priests, is a Byzantine structure of the 12th 
century, with a good porch, ornamented with 
some quaint carvings, and fronted by a Gothic 
cross of the fifteenth century, restored 1855. 

The Gothic Minorittn Kirche, in the Minorite 
Place, is now used as a military store-house. 

The Church of St. Aegidien (St. Giles), attached 
to the Hospital of a (German religions Order, is an 
elegant old German building of 1390, with tombs 
of the Knights of the Order. 

The Dreifinigteits Kirche (Trinity Church), bnOt 
1627-31, belongs to the Lutherans. Here Is the grave 
of Count Ubrich Schaffgotsch. beheaded 16SS, on 
the Haidplatx, as Wallenstein's accomplice. 

iSr. Bmw»fram''s Chnrdi. in the upper part of tbe 
tovm. va» part of one of the oldest Benedictine 
Abbe^^ Vft IBaxarVv founded 652-97. by Duke 



Route 40.] HAND-BOOK TO GBBMAMT.—REOEM6BKRG, WALHALLA. 15S 

pOMWMtoiif were teqaired 1809, by the Prince of CPoe«lng the bridge, past St. C«therine's brewery, 

Tham and Taxit, whcwe Palace is close by. The on the island, about half-way, or Uklng rail from 

Bell Tower is a detached pile, bnllt 1590. Among Walhallastrasse Station, we reach 

the monnments Is the bust of Aventine, the his- of.^i* ««« m»^# fo*.^*. \ ^ 14 » •. 

♦ah«.i wH*-,. whn ww^« . w«,.v «« vi«L,. «n«, Btadt-am-hof (Stat.), opposite Regensbnrg, 

torical writer, who wrote a work on FInger-num- ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ 

bering, in consequence of some Roman tablets he jy^^^^^^ Population, 2,000. 

discovered here. It stands in the Vorhalle, with mu . . . . 

a stone chair, occupied by the Emperor Heinrich , ^^\^^\^T T'^ ?* * ^ ^'''*'**" '"" 

der HeUiger at the opentag of the church. St. ^V^' h ^^^ u'^i'^T. ^ I*'*' S""*"" 

Rupert's old chapel ias Ln restoi^d. Other «gkeit» Klrche (TrWty Church), in a b^^^ 

chapels are dedicated to St. Emmeram, whose ^"j*^"^' commanding a ilne rlew of the old city 

silver shrine (UM) is here; toseveral of the earliest ""^ **^ ^*"*y» ^^ ***« ^«""^ *"* *»»« «««^- I* 

bishops of Rcgensburg, includtog St. Wolfgang (In 7" ^"^^ '^^^' *' * memorial of the plague, and In 

the ancient crypt) ; to the Emperor Amulf , his son, }^ ^*' enlarged by a Byzantine court and tower. 

Ludwigdas Kind (the child); Duke Henrich der ^^ '^*^ »°** »■*" *»«"^« *<>^*'"^» *»»« Walhalla 

ZHnker (Wrangler); Duke Arnold, and others. ^«*° *<* 

Bishop Sailer's statue faces the church. DonaHBtaUf (Stat.), 5 mUes distant. 



In the old Abbey building^ at the PalcKe, the 
Prince of Thum and Taxis has added some new 



HoTEL.—Zur Walhalla. 

On the Danube (crossed by a wooden bridge). 



t 1 ji *u> »i_A _-. #-i II * X. X. close to the country seat of the Prince of Thum 
ones; Including the Picture Gallery of works by .„ . 

Adam, Achenbach, Fries, and other Munich artists; *"^ ^***«' ^ * ^*^*^^^ P"^- " *« »« «*"^^ '™°^ 
with a modem Gothic famUy chapel, In the Byzan- ^^^ ^^*^ '^^^^^'^ *^' ^**^^ **" ^^* **"* ^^'^^^ destroyed 
tIneClolsters,bulltupwardsofelerencenturiesago. ^r^^MfT'^"'." '*"" ™7 ^'*"' War (1684). 
The Chapel has painted windows by Sauerieute ; ^*^^ P"«^™' ^^"'^^ *^' ^** ^"^^**^''' '■°**^'"^^' ^^^ 
Danneckor's celebrated ^<a/«a of Christ, and the *' ^" *"^*'*"'' **^^^^*' *°^ ^^^^ '« **' **^^~* '^^ 
famUy vault resting on short pillars, round which '«*^* "^^^'^^ *^® Danube, Is the new Temple of the 
Is the Inscription, "Gottes Friede mit Euch AUen" C^erman Elect, or 
(The Peace of God be with you all). Here also The WALHALLA, 
are a Library, Armoury, Observatory, and Bota- A. memorial of remarkable Germans, of all ages, 
nlcal Gardens; Stables with marble mangers, and standing on a declivity on the north side of the 
Riding House, adorned by Schwanthaler. The river, facing the south, with a view which takes In 
Prince's Gardens are now closed. He was heredl- the Bavarian plains and the Tyroleso mountains. 
tary Post-master to the German Confederation, till It was projected by the late King Ludwig I., de- 
bts rights were purchased out In 1867. signed by Klonze, and built between 1830 and 1842. 
A new Theatre was built, 1849. The Zwinger Is The foundation and the opening In both years took 
a prison near the Danube. place on 18th October, the anniversary of the 
Near St. Peter's Gate In the AUee or promenade, ^a^^e of Leipslc. The cost Is estimated at eight 
which goes round the town, on the site of the ram- mUlIon florins. It is a magnificent reproduction 
parts, la an Obelisk to Prince Karl Anselm who of the Parthenon at Athens, of white marble, in 
first planted it; also a monument of the astronomer the Doric stylo without, and the Ionic within. 
Kepler or KepjOer (died 1630), In the form of a It stands at the top of a lofty pyramidal base- 
Poric Rotunda, built 1808, with a bust, by DSll, ment, 188 feet high, ascended by a flight of 260 
and an excellent bas-relief, by Dannecker; the steps, divided at Intervals In three terraces, which 
monuments of General von Zoller (1821), of Baron run round three sides of the building. At the 
von Glolchen, and of Count von Gortz. The great second terrace is a bronze door to a crypt, called 
excursion from Rcgensburg is to the WaUuaia^ the Hall of ExpeQta^tliO^'wb.v^i.^^^^'^^^'^^^^s^'os^- 
whlcb may bo done by rail, by priTato convey- n»otV.\xV*% w<i ^>x\.ViVsK^ ^^aSiXv ^ai^* ksjss». n» ' 
jtncc (00 4borp), or by iSfclwdJ wilgpn cj^lly i^t tlTQ. NS' A\\v*\\t^r ^^^ ^V^x^ W^^ x.\x««^^^'«ss!«»'^5=''^ 



154 



B&ADBHAW*S ILLU8TBATED 



[Sec. 3. 



the building are carried on. The marble Temple 
itself is externally 225 feet by 104 feet, surrounded 
by 52 columns, each 45 feet high, of which a double 
row of 16 columns forms the portico. The pedi- 
ment is 12 feet higher, making the whole height 
from the bottom of the steps, 195 feet. Some of 
the marble blocks are 18 feet long. 

In the south pediment is a group of 15 figures, 
emblematical of the German War of Liberation, 
1818, designed by Rauch, and carved by Schwan- 
thaler. The North pediment is filled up by 
Sch want baler's Teutoberger Arminsschlacht, or 
Victory of Arminius over the Roman legions in 
the Teutoburg Forest. Two great bronze folding 
doors open into the richly decorated /TaW, which 
is in the Ionic style, 50 feet broad, 175 feet long, 
including the recess at the further end, and 57 feet 
high to the iron roof tree (Dachstuhl). It has no 
ceiling, and no side windows, being 1 lighted by 
skylights of ground glass in the roof above. This 
is made of plates of gilt bronze, spotted with stars, 
on an azure ground, and adorned with arabesques, 
in gold and various colours. The floor, of marble 
mosaic, has its length along the walls, broken up 
by three projecthig masses of pillars, and bears 
three inscriptions. Tb.it nearest the door is 
'* Beschlosscn (determined on) 1807;" in the 
middle "Bcgonncn (begun) 18th October, 1830;" 
further up, "VoUendet (ended) I8th October, 
1832." The walls arc lined with marble, and 
supported by colossal Caryatides in the form ol 
coloured Walkyren or Valkyries, the Amazons of 
the northern mythology; eight on each side, by 
Schwanthaler. The frieze extends 230 feet round 
the Hall, and is filled by bas-reliefs, designed by 
Wagner, illustrative of the German people btffore 
the preaching of Christianity by St. Boniface. 

Two rows of pedestals and consoles support the 

Susts (not statues) of men and women of German 

origin, who have become distinguished since the 

Christian epoch and are considered deserving of a 

place here. They are separated into groups, 

between which are marble seats, candelabras, and 

six winged goddesses of Victory, by Rauch. The 

//w, comprising heroes, statesmen, poets, divines, 

n^r/ters, artists, Ac , as Arat cboaen by the Roman 

^tl,o//c ex-Kinsr, excluded Luther, whose bust 

^^ot ^ppaur till after the king'a Abdication In 



1848. It runs chronologically from Heinrich der 
Fhikler, the earliest authentic bust, 986, down to 
GSethe, Humboldt, and Radetzky. Among them 
are Guttenfourg, Wallenstein, A. DUrer, Maria 
Theresa, Frederick II., Lesidng, Mozart, Blttcher, 
Kant, Schiller, and other representative men. 

A row of gold tablets on the walls contains 
64 names of Walhalla-genossen, men entitled to a 
memorial, but of whom no certain likeness exists. 
This Includes Charlemagne and Alfred. 

The subjects in the Frieze are as follow:— 
Emign^tion of the original people of Germany from 
Caucasus to Europe; Common and domestic life 
among the old Germans, their sacrifices, armed 
dances, Ac; Public life of the old (rermans, their 
popular meetings and employment. Passage of 
the Cimbri over the Alps, B.C. 113. Battle of 
Noreia. Battle on the Rhine, under Claudius 
Civilis. Battle of Hadrianople. Sack of Rome, by 
Alaric. The rest arc Scandinavian subjects, rela- 
ting to Odin, Thor, Ac. 

The direct line from Regensburg to Niimberg, 

opened 1873, passes Eiohliofeii, Neumarkt-au- 

der-Sulz, Feucht. Ac, and completes the direct 
line between Frankfort and Vienna. 
From Regensburg to Augsburg, as follows:— 

Miles. 
Ingolstadt (see 
Route 41) 46 



Miles. 

Sinzing 8| 

IBranch to Ailing.] 

Saal 15| 

[Sr.toKelheim,6.] 
Neustadt 28f 



Dasing 78 

Augsburg (see 
Route 41) 140| 

At Kelheim (Stat.)— population, 8,000— where 
the Ludwig's Canal joins the Danube, near a fine 
defile of the river, is the B^reiungahcUle^ a handsome 
Rotunda on the Michaelsberg, opened 1863, to com- 
memorate the War of Liberation. 



Honlcli to Augsburg, Pleinfi^d, Kurem- 
berg, Bamberg, Hot and Berlin. 

By rail— Stations as under, ria Augsburg andr^ 
Nuremberg direct. 



Miles. 
Munich to 

Passing 5 

Maisach 15| 

Augsburg %^ 

[BronchtoltVTida.u.'^ 
DauauvrytlVi ....m...^% 



{Branch to 
Ingolstadt.] 



Miles. 



Hatburg (Tunnel • 
V \^l«i«JCs -vV 



Route 41.] HAND-BOOK TO GEBMANT. — WALBALLA, AUOSBUBO. 



155 



IBroH^ to Miles. 

Stnttgart.] 

Oettingen 91 

Gnnzentiausen 107| 

IBrandtes to Warz- 
bnrg. and to 
Treachtlingcn.In- 
froldstadt, and 
Munich, as below.] 

Pleinfcld 119 



IBremeh to Miles. 

Gnnzenhansen.] 

Weissenbnrg 91 

EllinRen 93^ 

Plelnfeld 97 

Roth 108 

Schwabach 115 

Nuremberg 124^ 

FUrth 129 

Erlangen (Tunnel 

1,015 feet) 189 

Forchheim 149 

Bamberg 164 

[Branch to 

Aschaflfenberg and 
Frankfort.] 

Lichtcnfcls 184 

[Branch to Coburg] 

Hochatadt 1894 

Culmbach 202| 

[Branch to 

Bayrent h ] 

Neuenmarkt 210 

Oberkotzau 240 

Hof 244 



Direct line from Munich 

toPleinfeld(sce Route 

42.) 

Munich to 

Dachau Il| 

Pctcrshansen 28 

Pfaffenhofen 8H 

Reichert9h<tfen 45| 

Ingolstadt 53 

Gaimershelm SfH 

Richstadt «7i 

Pappenheira 81 

Treuchtlingen 85^ 

[From Hof to Berlin, see Routes 34 and 47.] 
MunlCll, as in Route 38a, thence to 
AUCMKBUBO (Stat.) 

POPCLATIOK, 75,523. 

Hotels.— Three Moors; BayrischerHof; Wurt- 
tcmberg; Goldene Traube ; GrlincrHof; Swabla. 
The first Hotel, Drei Mohren, certainly one of the 
oldest hotels in Germany, was so called in 
records 600 years back. It adjoined part of the 
Fnggers* house, and had the room in which Charles 
V. was entertained by Count Antony Fugger 
when he cancelled the bonds for the Emperor's 
debts to him, by throwing them into a cinnamon fire. 
The Tiaitors' book contained the autographs of 
Napoleon, Wellbigton, and many other celebrities. 
It has been almost entirely rebuilt. 

This ancient Imperial city stands on a fertile 
eminence, 1,460 feet above the sea, at the junction 
of the rivers Lech and Wertnch, the Vindas and 
Licus of the Romans, who founded a settlement 
here hi the time of Augustus, 12 b.c, by the name 
of Augusta Vindelicorum. The crest of the city is 
the Roman Pine. It is the oldest town in Bavaria, 
and one of the oldest in Germany ; and though fallen 
from its medlsBval importance is still the scat of an 
active trade. Four rails and several roads meet 
hore. Jt eonshts of an Upper. Middle, and Lower 
Town, otiQo ffiut Id by old walls and bnstion*, 



with ten gates. The glacis is planted for a prome- 
nade. The suburb of St. James is on the east side. 

Like other old places Augsburg is made up of 
narrow, crooked streets, which are generally paved 
with flint ; but there are many good squares and 
buildings, especially in the Karolinen and Maxi- 
milian Streets, which strike from north to south, 
between the Cathedral and St. Ulrich*s Church. It 
is traversed by four canals, crossed by about 220 
short bridges, and is well supplied with water by 
a hydraulic system of very early date, which 
feeds the street reservoirs. Many of the houses 
are striped with green, red, yellow, and white 
bands, and adorned with frescoes of Bible subjects, 
painted in the 16th centurj-, by Hecker, Holzar. 
Rieger, and other artists of the dny. The old 
Fuggerhaus^ near the Drei Moliren, belunging to 
Prince Fugger, is thus ornamented, and has some 
modern frescoes. 

After being under the rule of the Franks and the 
Dukes of Swabla, it became a free city, 1276. In 
the 15th and 16th centuries it was the head of the 
Swabian commercial confederation, and the staple 
for the overland trade between the Levant, Italy, 
and South Germany; a position it retained till 
eclipsed by the rise of Frankfort. Its merchants, 
in consequence, grew rich and powerful. 

Philippina Welser, the beautiful daughter of an 
Augsburg citizen, married Ferdinand, the son of 
the Emperor Ferdinand I. Clara de Detten mar- 
ried Frederick the Elector Palatine. The Fugger 
family, who were woollen-weavers at first, obtained 
a pre-eminence here as merchants and bankers, 
which lasted for three or four centuries. They 
lent large sums toCharlesY. and also to Philip II. to 
carry on his wars in the Netherlands; held a 
monopoly of the spice trade and the mines of Spaht, 
and spent their gabis liberally in works of charity, 
and in favouring literature and art. The head of 
the family was created a Count of the Empire ; one 
became Prince Fugger-Babenhausen ; another died 
a Cardinal, 1723. A district called the Fuggerei, in 
the St. James's suburb, containing 107 houses in 
three streets, was endowed 1519, for ihe benefit of 
poor citizens, who pay a nominal rent. 

the ce\e\iTal^«L Coi«JettV>n oj ^>^^*^"«'^^^^"^^2i 



156 



BRJLD8HAW S II,Lr8nUTSD 



[Sees. 



ClMriet T. and tbe Diet, rftlhiK at the Bidiop's 
Palaee, la tbe Karolinen Platz. near the Dom. 
where Lather had held his diapnte with the Legate 
Cafetan in 1518. This Confearion of tlie Lntberan 
Church was drawn np by Melanchthon. assisted hj 
Lnther, who was staying at Cobarg. Charles Y. 
was the guest of the Fnggers (see page IM). It 
WAS signed by the Elector of Saxony, the Marquis 
of Brandenbnrg, the Doke of Loneborg. the Land- 
grare of Hesse, and others; and resulted, failSM, 
in ;rrantbig complete toleration to the Protestants. 

The Rathhaut^ in Maxlmflian Strasse. is one of 
the finejtt stmctorcs here ; built 1020, by Holl, in 
the Italian style. It has the City Pine-Cone hi front, 
and bnsts of Roman Emperors in the hall. On the 
second storey is the Ooldene 8aaJ^ a handnouie room 
1i;^hted by three rows of windows, (me over the 
other— 110 feet long, 58 feet broad, and 53 feet 
high. The ceilings and walls are painted with 
frescoes, by Rottenhammer, and Kager, who was 
afterwards burgomaster. At the comers are 
Ffirstenzimmer, or rooms once occupied by the four 
Electors, 1659. Near the Rathhaus is a clock 
tower, called the Perlachthurm (built 1058), with 
500 steps to the top, and the statue of Cisa, a 
tutelar goddess of Augsburg, 5 feet high, for a 
wcAthercoclc. In front of it is Gerard*s old Bronze 
Fountain and Statue, dedicated to the Emperor 
AugUKtufl (1590). Opposite the Rathhaus are the 
new Police buildings, and the Exchange (BSrse), 
with a fine view from the roof. The new Tke<iire, 
ill the Renaissance style, is in Fugger Strasse. 

The Dom, or CaHtedrdl^ on the Parade Plats, 
occupies the site of a Basilica of the tenth century, 
and was rebuilt after its destruction by the Huna, 
chiefly in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, 
(1821-1481). It is an irregular Gothic pile, about 
850 feet long, with a middle aisle 45 feet broad. 
It has two stone doors to the choir, and an ancient 
bronze door on the south side, dated 1048, 
cnriounly carved; 94 side chapels; stained win- 
dow n; paintings by old German artists (Siege of 
Vienna, 1688); and many monuments and portraits 
of Bishops down to 1750- some of which go back 
to 596. 

There are fourteen other Churches, of which 
/fra arc Ptxfteatant. 
■^6e Ca/AaUc CAureA €/ Sf. U/rieh and St. Afra, 
■ -«<f of 3f0fJmfJ/ifn Afreet wf^n bujjt H6f- 



I 1500. and b 818 feet long, by Mfeet broAd, and 186 

. feet high. The tall steeple la S50 feet higli (fine 
prospect). IteontaiasallBealtartHroiiaeolCliriit 

: on the Cross, at the shrine etf C > a abcf I , or Bimbeit; 

' tbe Fugger Chiqwi; and a painting of Maximilian 

I I. and the Diet laying the last stdse. Here a eoo- 
dare was called by Ferdinand IV. and Joeefrti I. 
An ETsngelical church of tlie same name la Joined 

, to it. 

Tbe chnrrii of St. A»ma (formerly the CanneUte 
Church) has a carred oak chancel, palnttnga by 
Lucas Kranach, and other (dd Augsbars mrtiaka, at 
Bnrclmiair and the elder Holbein, and poctraita of 
Luther, and the Elector of Saxony. 

I St. Moritz (St. Maurice), founded lOlft. by BlaiMp 
Bruno, contains several good moamnenta, with 
paintings by Heiss, Rottenhammer, Stendlin, aad 
sculptures by Petel. A bronze Foontaiii atMidc 
near it. 

St. Qwrgit was built by Bishop Walther, 1141; 
and has a handsome ch(^, and paintings worth 
notice. 

The parish church of 8^. MeunmONmm wai 
founded by the Fuggers, 1609. 

The Barfiisser Church (formeriy the Carmelite), 
now used by the Protestants, contains a very good 
organ, and many paintings by old German naasten. 
The ArseiuU (Zeughaus), built 1607, has a groq^ 
in bronze by Von Rain, of St. Michael the Arch- 
angel over coming War. It contains many <Ai 
cannons, with ornaments and inacriptiona. Tha 
Royal Ordnance Foundry here is the moat con- 
siderable in Bavaria; to visit it permiaaioa moat 
be obtained from an artillery oflEicer. 

Water Works.— The old aqueduct and water 
towers for supplying water should be noticed. 
Besides the Augustusbrunnen (or Fountain) above 
mentioned, with its statue of Augustus, there are 
others deserving of attention for their workman- 
ship. The fferculesbrunnert^ near the site of the 
Drei Mohren, by De Vrics (1599), is a group <rf 
Hercules and the Hydra, with the Kaiads. The 
Neptunbrunnen is in the Fishmarket. The Mer* 
euritubrunnefL, with De Vrics' s Mercury, is at St. 
Maurice's Church; and the Georg$brunneH, near 
St. George's. Another excellent bronze group, hi 
the acWM«V%TVifc^ftTv\[M\«xv, '^^ijs* ^Q^^ by Gerard, 



ltoUte4].j 



tiA)^D-bOOk TO CEttitAKY.^ACCS^DliG. DONAUWOBTH. 157 



The Bakers', Butchers', and Weavers* Ouildhalls ■ 
ttill remain. At the last one (WeberhausJ they j 
Tshow a piece of cloth made by the first Fugger. 

The house in which Philippina Welter^ wife of 
the Archduke Ferdinand, was bom is in the Wd$er- 
ttrasH; near to that of Agne» Bernauer, the barber's 
daughter, who married Albert III. of Bavaria. 

Close by is the Mcucimilians-Museum^ with the 
collections of the Historical and the Natural His- 
tory Societies. 

The Polytechnic achool4o\ak&^A 1838, is in the old 
convent of St. Catherine, opposite the ancient 
Mauih HdOe, or Toll-house. It has collections of 
natural history, technical apparatus, models, a 
laboratory, Ac. 

EoycU Picture OaUery^ now at the old monastery 
of St. Cattiarine, contains good specimens of early 
German paintings; catalogue, 2 marks. It occu- 
pies three large rooms and five cabinets, and 
contains about 700 paintings, divided into— 1st, 
the Swabian German school; 2nd, Dutch and 
Flemish ; 8rd, Italian and Spanish. 

Among these are Peter and the Transfiguration 
by Holbein the elder; two by the younger Holbein, 
"Who came to England; L. Cranach's Samson and 
Delilah; B. Zeitbloom's History of St. Valentine; 
' A. Diirer's Maximilian I.; Burckkmair's Christ and 
the Virgin; and his Crucifixion; Kraga's Last 
Judgment ; Vandyck's (or Kneller's) Henrietta of 
Orleans; Rnbens's Fight of Crocodiles; Titian's 
Venus and Cupid; Guide's Sleeping Infant; Mu- 
rillo's Savoyard ; Zurbaran's St. Francis. There 
are also models from the antique. 

The LOmury (Stadtbibliothek) in St. Annenhof, 
has 12l»,000 books, including Latin Bibles, dated 
from 1466; with many MS8., especially Greek, 
Ac., bequeathed by Ulrich Fugger. In the front 
part of the building is the Antiquarium Romanum. 

At Cotta's Printing Office, the well-known 
Allgemeine Zeitung (Universal Gazette) was for- 
merly printed and published, but its head-quarters 
were transferred a few years ago to the oflSce of 
this firm in Miinich. 

On the west side of the town, near the railway 
statloii, jure the newer ftreels, containing Beveral 
handtome buUdlngrs. The Jacobi-stpasse, on the 



\ 



6pposite side, one of the finest specimens at an old 
mediaeval street In Europe, offers a complete con- 
trast to the newer part. 

There are several large factories here, the spin- 
ning and weaving mills employing large numbers 
of hands. 

Among Its manufactures are gold and silver 
plate, jewellery, paper (first made from rags here, 
1830), parchment, hangings, carpets, optical Instru- 
ments, type, sugar (from beetroot). 

The elder Holbein, and Holl, the artists, were 
natives of Augsburg. The first tulip in Europe 
was brought here, 1551, by Heerwart, a Dutch- 
man, from Constantinople. The town is noted for 
its wealthy charitable endowments, their income 
being reckoned at three-quarters of a million 
sterling. The Waisenhaus (Orphan School), 
Savings Bank, and Industrial Home, were founded 
by Schfitzler, 1828. Also an excellent Asylum in 
an old Dominican Friary. 

Excursions to the Leehftlde, a large plain be- 
tween the Lech and the Wertach, where Otho 
the Great defeated the Huns, 965. About fourteen 
miles from Augsburg towards Regensburg, lies the 
small town of Aicliach, near the ruins of the 
Ca$tl€ of WittdshcKh, the original seat of the pre- 
sent Bavarian family. An Obelisk was erected 
in 1882 to commemorate this fact. 

Donaawdrth (Stat.) 

Population, 3,900. Iim.— Krebs. 

Rail to Nuremberg, Ulm, Augsburg, Ratisbon, 
Munich, Ac. 

Formerly a free Imperial city, now a small pro- 
vincial town on the Danube, where the steam 
navigation begins. The stone bridge is 660 feet 
long. Its parish Church has a statue of the 
Virgin^ said to have been brought from the East 
in the time of the Crusades. 

In consequence of a dispute between the Pro- 
testants and Catholics, in 1607, the town was 
placed under ban, and its religious liberties were 
al)olished. This gave rise to the Protestant and 
Catholic Union, and the Thirty Years' War. 

The large and beautiful Abbey of Heiligenkreux 
(Holy Cross) belongs to the Prince of Oettingen- 
Wallersteiu. U \va& \.Vi<fc \»cc2c^ ^ "^Qafe 




Ne»r It 1 
Wir of Sa> 
nffcred ■ h 



&*<Dn6irp. whm, In 



» illhitkated 

I. PoruuTioi, t,:oa. 

'-' An old willed Iowd 
criHud by ■ bridge. 



n MarllflrooBh, not. 
- BlMllt«]m(l)llnd. 



!D-WiUBntB]u, from whoH 



Iiopcrinl CI17. ataiit In by mill, In 



At FLMnfeld (Stat.), ■ aaull town on tka 

»an)mbargcoine.lii,br.r»Tof lugcdrtadt, Eldi- 
lOdt, Welwnbere. ud Elliiwui, u balm. 

[mgOlltsdt (Stat.), In Upper Bivsrla. 

PoruiiTioK, n,US. Im,— Goldnor Adler. 



hpsd af CtitUt. b]- Mlcbaol A 

30 oicellenl lulDtbigi by Merlcn. ind 1 

Bcbanfalein <A.I>llrei'> pupU). nsMoird I 



■nd l«m. 
lie Cdthe- 
ethlgh; * 



Hi lOD places 111 theRleagiu 



renlsred. lUt, bjr Elcbi 

CatlHdnlcn>bnce»b< 

Kail lo DoiDbUhl (pa; 

0«tUllKa& (Stat.), Ibc Hul al the Frluee: 
Odllliigen-Splelbenr- 
PorutAlioB, »,C«0, includbis nianj: Jeara, i 

Jamei'i Churcb. Bill) 1» hl;b tower, dtKrvc not 

EranhBlm <8tAt.) Hera la a Caalte > 

rounded witb a deeii ditch and baring fourloin 

aaoMailumMan rSMfc;, "ben tba Wnnbi 

flat/alai win I, brtiicli tt> JhrnchtlUijen. 



ELchltildt (Stat.), in Bainriau Fnn«on[a. 



Altmllhl. Md head a. 






It Kli 



ed gpoii Bngeue Beaokimiali, 
nberg. atep-eon o< HapsleoD, and 



LhS' oafc« whldh Dccapled the place of the fint 
:hnrch, built here by at, WllllMld. on the alto i>< 
the present CWhednl, or 
a>M, a Gelhle buUdtns (linllt IMt-ltK), enn- 

■M itatne or SI. WUlbald ; and eori* beautiful old 



'I Ifafi pqlron aaini 



I The CTiBT* 0/ SI. I 
sprlngiBTery Mayday. 



alpurgl, I 



IlOUte41.] UAS^D-BOOK TO GERStANY.— NOBDLINGEN, NUREMBEBO. 



159 



of Natttral History, collected in Brazil, by the late 
Prince Angrnstna of Lenchtenberg, the husband of 
Maria da Gloria, the late Qneen of Portugal, who 
died at Lisbon. There is a memorial of Eugene 
Beauhamais at the Altmiihlwald. 

The Bishop's Fortress, in the Wilibaldsbnrg, 
above the town, is the site of the Roman Aureatum, 
and has been lately restored. It was besieged 
and taken by Desaix, 1796, after a smart defence 
made by its Governor and a party of invalids. 

About nine miles from Eichstadt to the west lies 
the village of SoMenho/en^ or Solnho/en^ in the valley 
of the Altmfihl, remarkable for its quarry of stone 
for lith(^raphy, once worked by the Romans. 
L4trg^ qnantlt'es of fossils of a pecnliar and in- 
teresting type have been fomnd here, including 
the arch«opteryx, now at Berlin. 

WeiBsenlmig am Sand (Stat.) 

A town on the Rezat, near quarries of beautiful 
marble ; and the mountain fortress of Wilxburg, 
which contains a little arsenal, bastions, deep foss, 
and a well 500 feet deep. At the parish church are 
some old German paintings. Good beer is made 
here. In the neighbouring oak forest of Paradies, 
as well as all around are Roman mementoes. 

Elllngen (Stat.) 

The seat of Prince Wrede, granted by the king 
of Bavaria, to his father, Field-Marshal Wrede, 
who died 1888.] 

From Pleinfeld (above) the line to Nurem- 
berg runs 12 miles past Georgensmiind, where is 
a riiort branch to Spalt, to 

BotH (Stat.) 

A small town, with 2,000 inhabitants, nnd an 
old Schloes, built 1335. 

Sebwatiach (Stat.) 

Population, 7,300. 

Iims. — GoldnerEngcl; Rose. 

A manufacturing town, on a river of the same 
name, where needles and pins, gold and silver lace, 
and pap«r and tobacco are made. 

Tlie parish Church has paintings by Wohlgemuth 
and Sehihi at the high altar. A handsome Fountain 
atattda in the market place. 

Before reaching Niimberg, the rail crosses the 
Lndwigs-canal, nnitlng the Rhine and Danube. 
(S^e ErUmgen, page 168.) 



NUREMBEBO. Oerman, Niimberg. 

Population, 112,408. 

Hotels.— De Bavi^re; Golden Eagle; Hotel 
Wilrttemberg, first-class hotel, very well situated, 
facing the station. Sec Advt. 

Hotel Zum Strauss (Ostrich Hotel).— Excellent 
Hotel ; centrally situated ; furnished throughout in 
the best style. 

Rothes Ross Hotel.— 0*d-established house. 

Hotel Deutscherhof ; Wittelsbacherhof; Caftf 
Seegitz. 

Tramway.— Through the city to railway station, 

and to Fiirth. 

Cabs. — To and from stations; 1 person, 50 pf.; 
2 persons, 1 m.; trunks, 20 to 40 pf.; i hour, 1 per- 
son, 50 pf.; to 4 persons, Im. 

Rail.- To Augsburg, Munich, Regensburg (see 
p. 150), Wurzburg, Weiden, Muggendorf (for Fran- 
conian Switzerland), Prague, Lelpsic, &.c. N.B.— 
The oldest railway in Germany was opened from 
here to Fiirth 1836. 

This old and picturesque German city stands 
on a plain about 1,100 feet above the sea, on both 
sides of the Pegnitz ; which divides it into the 
Sebalder Seite (side), to the north, and the 
Lorenzer (Lawrence) side, to the south. Between 
them arc three islands, joined to the mainland by 
seven stone and nine wooden bridges, and a sus- 
pension bridge (Ketten-briicke), built 1824, one of 
the first of its kind in Germany. 

The Bridget are short, the most noticeable being 
the Fleischbriicke (near the Hauptmarkt), on the 
plan of the Rialto, and the Carlsbriicke, on which 
are two obelisks, with the dove and eagle, built as 
memorials of the visit of the Emperor Charles VI. 

It is still partially enclosed by old walls, eleven 
gates, and a broad dry moat. Many square 
and round towers remain on the walls. Three of t he 
Qates or towers, the Frauenthor (near the station), 
Spittelerthor, and Lauferthor, were designed by 
A. DUrer, 1655-68. 

Nuremberg is first mentioned In 1050, when it 
was a place of trade, with the privilege of holding 
fairs; and, like Augsburg, it grew in prosperity 
from being on the line of the overland traffic 
from Italy and the Levant. It was, made a free 
Imperial city, 12l9,\i'S Yx^eetfX^-KfivswssM*-^ 

?rom\%% \\.\>ft<i!Msafc \Xs&T«»^«a!:s?>M^'^ 




160 



llttADSBAW'fl ILLU«niAtBD 



[_o^. 3, 



wher* tb« rtgaiU w«ni kept. Tlu EmiMror was its 
sole protMtor. It ruled oirftr a tract of 500 sqiuu% ; 
milei, which in 18(M was annexed to Bararla by i 
Napoleon. It sided with the Reformation, and 
with Gustavus Adolpbus aj^inst Wallenstein, in 
1«82, in the Thirty Years' War. 

It was the birth-place of Albert DUrer^ ffant Sachs, 
Behaiin, and others, who ended their lives here 
and are buried In St. John's Churchyard. A statue 
to Hans Sacks, by the late Herr Krausaer, was 
erected in 1874, in presence of many trade proces- 
sions of the diflerent guilds. Among contemporary 
men eminent in art and science who have con- 
tributed to adorn the city were M. Wohlgemuth, 
Schauffelein, P. Vischer, Veit Stoss, the wood 
carver, and Ilirschvugcl, the painter on glass. 

Here watches, called ^'KiimbergerEier" (eggs), 
were first invented by Peter Uele; air guns by 
Lobsinger; brass metal, by Ebner; globes, by 
Behaim ; and clarionets, by C. Denner. The first 
paper mill in Germany was opened here, 1890. 
Printing began here 1870; and here Luther 
printed bis German Bible, 1514. About 1547 it 
was full of masons, coppersmiths, brawlers, wood- 
engravers, printers, potters, goldsmiths, sculptors, 
painters, Ac., all employed in maltiplying works 
of art. It is still noted for its manufactures of 
bardware,and works in brass, iron, and other metals, 
looking glasses, musical instruments, paper, colours, 
watches, but especially for the turnery, lead pencils, 
dolls, and cheap toys, called " Dutch Toys," made 
by the country people in the neighbouring forests 
of Franoonla and Thuringia, and exported to all 
parts of the world. Hence the old rhyme, 
**Kttrnberg's Hand geht in alles Land.'* 

The prosperity of the city declined after the 
Thirty Yeart* War, during which it suffered 
severely; but since the Incorporation of the city 
with Bavaria In 1806 it haa steadily prospered, 
and is now the most considerable place for trade 
and manufacture In Southern Germany. 

The town stands on several low hills, the old fort 
or Bur^ being on the highest, and has a thoroughly 
German and mediwval appearance. The streets 
are Irregular, but broader than usual; and the 
old-fashioned gable houses, with their narrow 
/ivmt^ Mad projecting bay wtedows and bftleotdea 
A^»«0 jftrftet through kt^ |h« 0tr«H behted. 



Among houses remariEable tot style and i^i^mt* 
ance, are Wiu's Houm, a Qothie btiildibgv nMr thi 
Rathbaus, restored by Heldelotf IMd; Krtflk'i 
in Theresien-strasse, and Peteraen^a, In Panler 
Platz, both dated 1500; and Eyseer^a, formoly 
Pellets, near St. Giles's, dated 1605. 

A. D&rer't House, at the c<»ner of Albrecht 
Diirer-fltrasse, is an old red building, not far btm 
the Burg, and the Thier^hlner Gate, dose to it, 
in the Albrecht Dlirer Platz, is a modem Btaim of 
the artist, erected 1840, from a design by Bauch. 
His Hercules killing the Lion has been anccessfall; 
restored. H is pupils, the brothers Behaim, Pcnex, 
or Pencz, Ac., were styled the Little Masters. 

Hans Sachs' House, in the Mell Gasse, has bees 
rebuilt. P. Viseher's House is near the Theatre 
The house of Behaim, the navigator, is also 
shown. Near St. Sebaldus Church, la the hovM 
of Paim, the patriotic bookseller, who was shot bf 
Napoleon, 1806. 

FouKTAiNS.— There are several worth notice, of 
whichthe most remarkableis the £h:AdfM ArtmnoiCii; 
Beautiful Fountain), hi the Market-place, opporits 
the Frauenkirche. It is a hands<Hne Goihie obdiski 
66 feet high, in three divisions, erected by Hdax. 
Behaim der Balier, 1385 ; and is full of carviiigi 
and ornaments, many of which were added at its 
restoration, in 1824. In the lower division are the 
seven Kiirf iirsten (Electors of the Empire), three 
Christian, three Jewish, and three heathen men of 
renown (Charlemagne, Godfrey de Bouillon, Clovis 
of France; Judas Maccabeus, Joshua, and David; 
Ceesar, Alexander, and Hector); in the upper 
division, Moses and seven Prophets. On the Iroo 
railing Is the movable ring, the crest <rf Nlim- 
berg; as the rhjme runs — 

*'Der SchSno Brunn ist schSn nnd feat, 
Nur ein Ring der sich rfihren l&nrt.*' 
At the Lorenz Plats Fountain the water iows 
from the breasts of several female Vlrtnea, in 
bronse, by Wurzelbaner, 1589. The OOmtlintikuuhm 
Fountain, behind the Frauenkirche, is a broaie 
figure, by P. Labenwolf, of a countiyaiia 
carrying two geese under his arm, the wiMr 
flowing from their bills. A. Dikrer's F e wsk t m m ^ « 
the Promouide, has medallion busts tti Dilrar sad 
PVtkMuMK. T^¥<ras&iiaiAJfo«Pl0felsatailB 

W\ed\iT aTtWwi. 



\ 









tralti of Qustavua 
FrtMlilch der Well 

I.Ks of Chrln mid ( 



Mailmlllan. 

CHniica»s.— T 
elgbt are Frntesl 



■r I Noumartt. Wlthlu aie alatocs by Kiaffl; Iho 
a Margrtvfl Frederick! window, by Hlmhviigel, 
it and the fiqe 7)inib ftf Sebatdai, cutiwoiy ol bronze, a 
II I niajter-i*™ o[ Pctdt Vljcher and Ills Bve win, 

nkhci, nearly two Iee( bijrhi orer wbleli itiiiid 

and chlnel. At the new bjgb altar, In tbo Golhic 
style, l> Veil StoM's flno CrnclBiloii. with itatnea, 
liiwood.of thaVlrglnandat.Jobn. Tbe Burial of 
ChrlM Isa painting by A. Diirer. At Ibc Holiichuliar 

palutlne by Hans coti Kulmbaeh (1 91 3) , t rom design! 
byA.DIirer. Notlcoalsotbetlndy Btainedwindowt, 
and the old lont in the Fcteralupelle, in which thi 
Emperor Weni el (Wenceslas) was baplissd 13GI. 

Pliniing, (ho [loot. Near Ibis Chnreb m at. 
Maurice's Chapel, dating from I/iM. 



VghlBCiuuth, 
ranacli; por- 
allenstelii, ol 



!, by L. Krannch, Ai 

■QwidnmheVirBlll. 
liginally to ■ fount 




162 



BRADSHAW'S ILLUSTBATED 



Sec. 3.] ^ 



restored by Hcideloff. A tomb was erected 1649 
to the Margravine, Sophia of Brandenburg. There 
Are many old paintings and two old illuminated 
missals in the Sacristy. Behind the Church is the 
Parsonage in the old German style, with a hand 
some balcony ; also a Latin School. Near it are 
the Nassau House, built 1350; and the Statue of 
the Emperor Adolphus of Nassau ; with Wurzel- 
bauer's Fountain of the Virtues (Tugendbrunnen). 

The Jacobskirche (St. James's) was built in 1212, 
enlarged 1500, and restored 1825, by Heideloff, 
when the old Egloflfstein Chapel was rebuilt. It 
contains sculptures, from Heideloff's designs, by 
Burgsschmied and Rotermundt ; and a new large 
altar, with carvings and fine paintings. 

The St. Clara Church contains some stained glass 
M old as 1278. That called the Holy Ghost, in Spittal 
Platz, Is a large pile, where the regalia were kept. 

The Aegidienkirche (St. Giles's) is an Italian 
church, rebuilt 1717-18, and i-estored 1884. At 
the high altar is the Virgin and dead Christ, by 
Vandyck. It has bronze and stone reliefs by 
P. Vischer and Ki-afft. Near it Is the Gymnasium, 
or High School, transformed 1626 by Melanc/ithon (f) 
from a former convent school, and faced by his 
Statue, erected 1826. 

The Frauenkirche (Our Lady), in the Haupt 
Markt, is a small but rich Gothic Church, built 
1861. It has a fine front adorned by Schonhover; 
an ingenious clock (unfinished); beautiful altars 
and painted glass; carvhigs by BLralit; paintings 
by Wohlgemuth, Dilrer, and Burgkmaier, including 
a fine Crucifixion at the high altar. The SchSne 
^nd Ganse Fountains are before and behind it. 

St. JoJianniskirche stands in the Cemetery, 
outside the Thiergartner Thor, which was for 
centuries the burial place of the leading families 
9f Nuremberg. Here lie Hans Sachs, Albrecht 
Dttrer, Pirkheimer, Veit Stoss. Along the road 
from this gate are the Seven Stations for pilgrims, 
marked by pillars with high reliefs, by Adam 
Krafft; with a good Entombment at the Holz- 
ichuher chapel. 

The new Central Cemetery is in the Johannis 
VorstMdt. I 

'^/^e Cemetery of St. Roebns, the next largest | 

%r$mbergr, hai the tomb of Peter Vischer, Mid i 



the Imhoff Chaiiel, with beautiful painting^ byj 
Enrgkmaier. 

Galleries and Musrums. — The Royal BUder- 
saal (Picture Gallery), formerly kept in the old 
chapel of St. Maurice, is now in the National 
Museum. The collection (about 140) included works 
of Van Eyck, A. Dttrer. Memling, Heemskerk, 
Burckmaier, Holbein the elder, Kulmbach, Zeit- 
blom, &c. This Museum has been recently enlarged 
and enriched. 

The Gebuan National Museum in the old Car- 
thusian Convent, near the South "Wall and the Corn 
Market, contains collections of books, pictures, 
sculptures, coins, Ac, relating to the past history 
of Germany. Prince Sulkowsky's magnificent 
collection of arms was acquired in 1889, and cost 
£18,000. There are several portraits (some from 
the Rathhaus), one, by A. Durer, of Burgomaster 
Holzschuhcr. It has a fresco by Kaulbach, painted 
1859, of Otho III. opening Charlemagne's Tomb ; and 
has been restored. Free, Wednesday and Sunday; 
other days 1 mark, companies of 3 to 5, 3 marks, 
catalogues, 50pf . 

At the School of Design and Industrial Art, 
Kunstaustellung, in the Landauer Convent, are 
about 200 paintings of the German and Flemish 
Schools, including Sandrart's Banquet at the Peace 
of Westphalia (full of portraits), besides busts, 
reliefs, and casts. The CJiapel is a beautiful Gothic 
specimen. 

There is a Bavarian Gewerbe Museum (Indus- 
trial) in the Konigs-strasse. 

The town Library, in the Dominican Convent, 
at the foot of the Burg, contains about 50,000 
volumes, many of them rare printed books, besides 
MSS., Missals, Autographs, and the Municipal 
Archives. 

A relief by Krafft (1497) may be noticed on the 
Stadtwage (Weigh House), near A. Dlirer's house. 

Environs. — The Rosenau, on the west side of the 
town, and the Stadtpark, on the north, are favourite 
resorts. Near Hummelstein is the old Castle of 
Liehtenhof, sometimes occupied by Gustavus Adol- 
phus during the Thirty Years' War, and afterwards 
by his ditBghter, Queen Christina. A Reformatory 
Deaconess liv«V.\.V.\x.t\Qu, tvt Ii(^udAtt9UMia, on a 



Route 41.] HAND-BOOK TO GERMANV. — KUBEMBESO, FUBTH, BANBEBG. 



163 



From Nuremberg, by the oldest rail In Germany, 
you reach, in five miles, 

* Furth (Stat.) 

PoprLATiox, 42,659, of whom 4,000 arc Jewn. 

Hotel. — National. 

This manufacturing town was called Furthum, 
and belonged to the Margrave of Ansbach, till 
annexed to Bavaria, 1803. It Ilea at the junction 
of the Regnltz and Pognitz, and has two bridges 
and a new Rathhaus : with a prosperous trade in j 
looking-glasses, chandeliers, sealing-wax, pencils, 
needles, turnery, clocks, jewellery, and other 
Nuremberg wares. One of its productions Is sham 
gold leaf, or Leon gold. 

The Michael iskirche is an old building of the 
fourteenth century ; with a good ciborium. 

The Jews' Synagogue was rebuilt 1834, in a 
handsome Gothic style. Here are Hebrew print- 
ing-offices ; a fine Hospital, Courts of Law and a 
Talmud school, or College, for training Jewish 
rabbis. They settled here In old times when for- 
bidden to settle in Nuremberg. 

[At SiegelBdorf (Stat.).9i English miles from 
NUmberg, past FUrth, on the line to Wurzburg, a 
short branch was opened, 1872, to LangenzeXllL 

From Nenstadt-ailHler-AisCh, nearSlegels- 
dorf, a short line runs to WlndslielllL] 

About two miles, by rail, from Fiirth Is the old 

fortress of 

Ztrndorf, where Wallcnstein was Intrenched 
September, 1632, and sustained for the sixth time 
the attack of Gustavus Adolphus, who was obliged 
to retreat. The head-quarters of the Swedish 
king were at FUrth, at the GrUnen Baum Inn, In 
the street now named after him. 

Erlangen (Stat.) 

Population, 17,565. 

/nn«— Walfisch; Blaue Glockc. 

A walled town, with seven gates, in a sandy 
plain, at the junction of the Schwabach and 
Regnitz. The New Town was regularly built by 
C'hristian, Margrave of Bayreuth, 1686, when the 
French Huguenots settled hero ; and is sometimes 
called Christian's Erlangen. 

The Schlois, belonging to the Margrave, was 

rebuilt, after a fire, 1814, and appropriated to the 

Protestant University (the only one in Bavaria), 

founded here b^ tbc MMrgnre Aiexander, 1743. It 

Ahs h gallery of portrattB In the Aula; large 



lecture-rooms; a library of 100,000 volumes; 
cabinets of natural history and art, with a mu- 
seum and anatomical theatre in the orangery and 
garden, which arc ornamented with many statues. 
Sch wan thaler's bronze of Friedrich Alexander, 
the founder, stands in "front of the building. 
Here arc Fischer's looking.glass factory; and 
large breweries and glove manufactories. 

Under the Wclslsche Garten, and at the foot of 
the Burgberg, is the monument of the 

Ludicig's Canal, which unites the Danube, Main, 
and Rhine. It is a fine composition in the Gre- 
cian style. The pedestal is 44 feet long, bearing 
reliefs. On one side is a rudder, woiuid about 
yrith a chaplet of pinewood, and on the other side 
Neptune, with his trident. The figures on the 
pedestal are symbolical of the Danube and Main, 
holding hands, supported by Trade and Naviga- 
tion, and inscribed, ''The Danube and Aiain, 
united for Navigation. A work attempted by 
Charlemagne : begun and finished by Ludwig I., 
King of Bavaria.'* It follows the Altmiihl from 
the Danube, passes Neumarkt, Nuremberg, 
Erlangen, Forchheim, and enters the Regnitz (near 
Bamberg), which is navigable to the Main. 
Length, about 110 miles ; breadth, 55 ft. ; depth, 5 ft. 

[Short line from Erlangen to Grafenberg, 17f 
miles.] 

Forchheim (Stat.) 

Population, 4,400. 

Inns — Bayrischer Hof ; Goldener Schwan. 

A small fortified town at the junction of the 
Wiesent with the Regnitz, which was besieged 
several times during the Thirty Years' and the 
Seven Years' Wars. At the Church are twelve 
paintings by Wohlgemuth. 

Rail to Ebermannstadt (page 173). 

From Forchheim, as well as from BaSTOndorf 
(Stat.), 4 miles off, roads lead to Muggendorf, in 
Franconian Switzerland. (See Route 46). 

BAMBERG (Stat.), in Bavarian Franconia. 
Population, 35,248. 

Inn.— Bamberger Hof. Buffet and Table d'Hdto 
at the station. 



164 



BftAD:illAW » ILLL'6TSATED 



wife Canal au4 the Regnitz, 3 miln from its jniic- 
tion with the Main. 

The RegDkz divides into two arms, and is 
crossed by sereral bridges. The principal is a 
suspension bridj^. Another, the Obere Briicke. 
bnilt 1456, rans across to the island on which the 
Rathhaas stands. 

The town is bailt on fire or six low hills, and 
was sarrotinded by old ramparts, now turned into 
walks and gardens. The main streets and the 
Steinweg sabarb are well bnilt. 

Bamberg is a great place for beer (haring about 
sixty breweries), hops, liquorice, and seeds of all 
kinds, which are raised by the Gardeners' Cor- 
poration, 

It was founded by the Saxons about 809. and be- 
came the seat of a bishop, who ruled here from 1008 
till it was annexed to Bararia, In 1801. 

The Residem or Schlom, near the Cathedral, is 
an unfinished pile, three storeys High, in the 
Italian style, begun 1702, by Prince-Bishop Lothar 
Franz, of Schonbom,upon giving up the old Palace. 
It has some frescoes by Steidel. in the Kaisorsaal, 
and the archives of Bamberg, Bayrenth, &,c. It 
was Napoleon's head-quarters, 18%, and was 
occupied by Marshal Berthier, at his deatli, 1815. 
looking out of a window for the Russian army, 
which was approaching, he overbalanced himself, 
and was killed on the spot, now marked by a cross. 

The picturesque remains of the former Palace, 
called the ''Alte Hofhaltung," built 1671, arc on 
the opposite side of the Platz. Near this is the 
monument of Bishop Yon Erthal, erected 1865. 

The Dom or Cathedral^ in Carolinen Platz, oppo- 
site the Residenz, Is a fine Church, in a mixed 
style, with four square towers, and was founded 
by the Emperor, Henry II., or the Pious, and his 
wife, Kunlgunde. It stands on St. Peter's Hill, 
and is about 860 feet long by 102 feet broad. The 
cast, or oldest end, is In the Romanesque or Byzan- 
tine style ; the other end, in the early pointed 
style, must be two centuries later. The two west 
towers, built about 1274, resemble those of I.aon, 
in Franco. The whoie building was restored by 
llcideloff, for King Ludwig, in 1828-37, when 
several unsuitable monuments wore transferred 
'''» £ft. MtcbmeVB. 

}porob l» the bent of (he four entrances. 



[Sees. 

- It has a double choir, with two crypU below, in 
which the prelates were buried. Amon^ the paint, 
ings are woi^s by Tintoretto, Sandiart, Mwian. 
and Schlotthaner. A fine broiue Chiist on the 
Cross was designed by Schwanthaler ; twenty-two 
saints in the George choir are by SchSnlaab. 
Among a great ouuiy Mbmwmemi*, distiiboted about, 
are P. Vischer s tombs of Bishops Gross and Ebncr, 
the marble sarcophagus of Pope Clenaent IL, who 
was Bishop of Wnrzburg, and died 1017: and 
Bishop Fedenbaeh, the last Prince>Bishop, who 
died 1808. But the most striking moniuncnt con- 
sists of the Ejftgies of the foumders, Henry II. and 
his wife, life size, by Riemenschneider, of Wun- 
burg, 1499-1513, with reliefs of the chief events bi 
. their lives round the sides. One event, which 
; Kunigunde went through, was the trial by ordeal 
on a red-hot bar, in the Dom Platz, adjoining. On 
one pillar is an equestrian statue of Ck>nrad H., 
' called **St. Stephen." Bronze heads of several 
I canons, and arms and names of persons whose 
monuments have been removed, may be noticed; 
and several relics richly mounted. 

St. MicfuuVs, on the Michelsberg, at a fine pofait 
of view, is a Romanesque Church, belonging to the 
Benedictine Convent, founded by the Emperor 
Henry, 1009, and entirely restored in the eighteenth 
century. It contains several monuments, wUdi 
were formerly in the Cathedral, and the tomb of 
St. Otto or Otho (1139), with his walking^tick and 
mitre. 

The convent buildings are converted into a well- 
endowed almshouse, also a restaurant. Here also 
is the Municipal Picture Gallery, of about 160 
works. Open daily at 10 a.m.; 60 pf. 

The Marienkirche, or Frauenkirche (Our Lady), 
on the Kaulberg, is a handsome Gothic pile, 
built 1320-87, with a fine tower. At the Eheth&r 
(Marriage Porch), on the north side, are carvings 
of the Ten Virgins, and the marriago of Christ 
and his Church. It contains wood carvings by 
Velt Stoss (1538) ; wall-paintings, by Treu; and a 
stone Sacrarium (1392), with figures of Apostles 
and a Christ's Head. On the ceiling are frescoci 
by Gebhard. 

St. Martin's, formerly the Jesuits* Church, in 
the M.a,tk.et PIblc^^ \w lK<i midst of the town, is a 
\ modem %\xticV.\xt<i, «». \i^«LU\\S.\j\ wi^ ^««,^«x 4?^^ 



K0Ule41.J HAKB-BOOK TO liKlll 

Intheltsllnn style, built UW-VH). II oMnple; 
ice sku at ana fanudud by Chsrlem&BUE. ind la 
flruBS-shopBii, with CorlnthUn and Doric pill"» 
at Ihe principal ind aide doorg. 



■Itara ; wltb ■ fresco by Uercollnl, In tbc cupola. 
The bodyol MarqunrdRotccbeiw.who wo» bea- 
lffieii]1S3,rcM»Tiiidurthohitli altar. 

The adjoining Dulldlngs ice devoted to the 
i,VMwii,«rmeh8cl.™l, andtbepuLliciiftrori;. 
Tbcl,ycenni-waajnadelolaiothoi>l»™,ln 1804, 
o-fthe Unlverslly, Jonnded 156*. 

The-Hirorji contains about 3()(l,M0™lume> and 
3,000 Mas,, aouie saold Hi llio -otglilh mid tenth 
ccnturlea, jncludlng Alculn'a U8. Clipy "' 'he 

Henry n.aDdbl»wlfeKoi.isunde. Here alao la 
■ cabinet of Saltiral Hiitors. the gift of Bishop 
Fram LudArlg.cf Erthal (IJSO); with additions 
made by Dr. BehHabeln. tbe klng-a phyalclaiii 
and Hdlefa collection <.rnireGcmmi£ii?ronBS«, 



.uuch nWcr, datlns from Ihe eievcnth flentHfj'. 
The walla and celling! are mveredwlth stucco 
ornaments. In the Cupola la Vogel'a Stoning of 
Stephen. 

Stroaae, hns a good porch, and a enpola adorned 

The ItatNuHO. whieh ha> aome paintings on its 
walK alanda on an island in the Regnlli, near an 
old brldee, and the icrmlnus of the Lndwlg Canal. 



The Tlitalre Is near the Synagogue, In Sc 
PUtz. 

CtarfBi.tbe malbemallelan, author of the Orego- 
rlan Culerdiir, and Camermrius, the rhlltilosln 
were "boia hero. Bonutr'i rnhfu.Ihe first hook 
jiiintedlnHennon, wttiprlnted bej^l461. 

ItffrJtaraBktIibe FalicnJieUcrn, nr rnriu, h 



.\NV.-SAWIl£aii, KUUIBACH. 
Ihcneighhonrhooa; and at the Tb' 



lurg; rehnlll atter Ita destruction by Albert of 
(nlrsnth,18S3. It baiamedlBval chapel. Hera 
ur ill the town il»Blf> Berengorins, King of 
»in1«rdy.anil Otto oCWiHol.b.ch, atabbed the 

, romnrkubly fine one, taklnK lu Nnrraiberg, 
IPnrBburg, Biilreuth,CoburB,*t,and UiB Main, 

At Pommerif^dea. nine miles oil. the sMt of 
:;ount SehSnbom, is a good gallery of Arfalffltn, 
ihUlly Italian and Flemish. 

Rail to WBraburg, viA Hchwelnf url. 



ata«elatfliIl(at«t.).M miles, near awt Onft, 
I lliio seat uf Du>ie Max, fomicrly a Sciiodlcllne 
kbUey. fonndcd IMS. Horc Marshal BertliieT, 
:oii-ln-lawof Dulie Wllhehn.KB5 bnrlod IMS. It 
ms ft complete Ichthyosaarua. In the collection ol 
oaails. TheChureh atlBchcd to It has two high 
oweti, and commands n beaullhil proapwl. 



dedlcBl 






nefaitbfnl. 



Anothur point i>f 

TialUd, perliaps better. (rom 

UelrtenW«<Bt»t.), where the Kim. rail goes 
oHtu Cohurg, *t. 

Eocbatadt <St9.t.) 

AroHilbenceioKroiindi (population J.OW), an 
uliliiiilli>dlowu,whereinfliiXramic*,or Crmuirft, 
the puiiitet, was Iwrn, MJi. Branch rail to Seal- 



KulmtMLClKBtal.) 



toflhcMar 



r spot or 



tie Whits 



beer is made here. At lliinabac«' 



166 



.»' 



HRADSUAW 8 iLLUgTRATEi) 



[Sec. 3. 



HOF (8tat.)i in Upper Franconia, Uavariu. 

Population, 24,648. 

Inns. — Lamm; Hirsch; Liiwe. 

Here the line joins the Altenbur^ and Loipsic 
Rail to Nuremberg, Ac. 

A well built town and seat of the cotton manu- 
facture on the Saale, with some iron and marble 
works near it. Much of the town, including St. 
Michaers Church, has been rebuilt since a fire in 
1823. 

It has a handsome Rathhaus, in the Gothic style, 
built 1568 ; and a High School or Gymnasium, in 
the old Franciscan convent. 

On the road to Loberutein, about 9 miles distant, 
are the Steben and Langenau Baths, chiefly 
alkaline and chalybeate. Steben stands among 
several objects of interest. Excursions may be 
made from or to the Steb^nbach waterfall; to 
Rumpelbilhcl, a fine point of view; to the Cave 
in the Langenau Valley; and to Sparenberg and 
Lichienl>erg Castles. Diligence daily 'rom Hof. 

For the remainder of the line to 

Berlin, see Route 34. 

ROTJTE 4S- 

Munlch to Frankfort-on-tlie-Main, ▼i&Onn- 
zenhauBen, Wiirzbiirg, and Aschaffen- 
burg. 

This, in the reverse order, is part of the direct 
route from central Germany to Italy, vid the 
Brenner Pass; taking in, on the outward journey, 
Frankfort, Aschaffenburg, WUrzburg, Gnnzcn- 
hausen, Munich. Kufstein, Innsbruck, the Brenner, 
Brixen, Botzen, Trent, Verona, Bologna, &c. 

1. By rail to Gunzenhausen, either vid Augs- 
burg, as in Route 63, or rid Ingolstadt and 
Treuchtlingen, as on page 168. From Treucht- 
llngen it is 15 miles to Gunzenhausen. 

2. Qunzenhausen to Ansbach and Wtirz- 

burg (Baycrische Staats Eison])ahn). 



3. Wtinburg to Frankfort. 



English 
miles. 

Veitshocliheim 6} 

Karlstadt 16 

Gemiinden 26i 

iBranch to Bebra 
and Hamm.] 

Lohr 88i 

{Brtmch to Wertheim] 
Helgenbriicken (tun- 
nel, 3,172 feet) ... 45 

Laufach 50 

Aschaffenburg 57 

[Branrh to Darm- 
stadt.] 



English 
miles. 

Kl. Ostheim 60^ 

Dettingen 63| 

Kahl 67i 

Grosse Anhoim 7(4 

Hanau 721 

^Branch to Falda, 
Geissen, AcJ] 

Wilhelmsbad 76 

Domigheim 78 

Mainknr 86 

Frankfort 89J 



Miles. 
Gunzenhausen to 

Ansbach 17 

Burgbcrnheim ...:... 84§ 

Steinach 36J 

iBranch to Rothen- 
burff.] 

C/fenbeim 4ii / ileWeJbcrg.J 

" -^^ fit. 55k I 



Miles. 

Ochscnfurt 59 

Heidingsfeld 6S 

WUrzburg 72^ 

\Branches to Bam- 
berg, Nuremberg, 
Stuttgart, and 



Gunzenliaiisen (Stat.), as in Route 41 . From 
here 16| miles to 

Ansbacli (Stat.) 

Population', 14,234. 
Inns. — Stern; Lowe. 

A well-built town, in the pleasant valley of the 
Rezat, where the Holsbach joins it. It wag 
founded by the monks of St. Gumbert, and was 
the head of a principality annexed to Prussia 
1791, and to Bavaria 1806, as the capital of 
Mayence and Franconia. 

The ScMoss, or I'alace, now a government house, 
built 1713, was the residenz of the Margraves of 
Ansbach-Baireuth, the last of whom married Lady 
Craven, a daughter of Lord Bertcelcy, who reside^ 
here for a while, and complains of the dolneas of 
the place in her "Memoirs." It has a picture 
gullery and pretty gardens, and is in the Italian 
style. Statue of Von Platen. 

The Church of St. Gumbertus, in the Gothic 
style, is marked by three towers, and indnde* the 
Chapel of St. George, in which are tombs of twelTe 
knights of the Order of the Swan. In the Hofgar- 
tcn are houses of the poet Uz (a native), and of 
Caspar Ilausor, on the spot where he was assas- 
sinated. A stone in St. John's churchyard bears 
this inscription, ''Hie jacct Cosparus Hanser, 

j oinigma sni temporis, ignota nativitas, occulta 

' mors 1833." His birthplace was unknown, as 
were the circumstances of bis death. In thi^ 
church are tombs of the Margraves. Cronegk, 

I another poet, was also a native of this tv^fVL. 

\ YToViramol ■E.?.tYvttw\i«.t\\. ». VQft\. q\ Ww^ \%thcai- 



Route 42.] 



HAND-BOOK TO OBBMAKY. — ANSOACn, WtBZBtJRG. 



16: 



tury, was bom u<3ar this place. About 9 miles 
distant, on the way to Gunzenhausen, is situated 
Friesdorf, the country seat of the last Margrave, 
ivho kept a good stud and breed of cattle here. 
The men about here dress in scarlet waistcoats 
and long black coats. The women are generally 
handsome. 

Here crosses the line coming vid Grailsheim 
(page 187) from Stnttgard direct to Nuremberg, 
passing EUrichshausen, Dombiihl, and Leuters- 
hausen, and on the eastern side from Ansbach, 
Heilsbronn, Rossstall, Stein, and Schweinau. 

Dombillll (Stat.) Restaurant. 
[From this place a line, 33^ miles, runs to 
Nordlingen (page 168). The principal stations are 

Feuchtwangen. 

Population, 2,500. 
Inns. — Post; Hirsch. 

An old town on the Snlz with an old Oothic 
Abbey-Church. 

DlnkelslyulLl. 

/»».— Goldene Rose. 

One of the oldest towns In Swabia, in the 
Bavarian Virngrunde, still surrounded with walls 
and towers. Church of the twelfth century. 
Statue of Ghr. von Schmid, a native, a popular 
writer for young people.] 

HellBltronn (Stat.) 

A small town (population, 800), with a mineral 
spring (brunn). The old Cistercian Church, 
founded 1183, by Bishop Otto of Bamberg, contains 
the tombs of the Marg^raves of Nuremberg, of the 
Hohenzollem line, its former owners. 

The next station after Ansbach is 

Burgbemlielm (Stat.) 

Here is a mineral spring, romantically situated 
in a large wood. 
Stelnach (Stat.) is the junction for 

[Rothenburg-on-tlie-Tauber, 6^ mOes. 

Population, 6,600. 

/n».— Hirsch. 

An old Imperial city, on a ridge over the Tauber, 
surrounded by ancient walls and towers; probably 
the best existing sample of a medlseval German 
town. The Hauptkire?ie (9t. Wolfgang) Is a pic- 



turesque Gothic of the 13th and 14th centuries, 
with good cai*vings, paintings, and stained 
windows. St. James, a good restored church, has 
a beautiful carved triptych of wood, by Riemen- 
schneider, of the 16th century. The old Rathhaus 
is also Gothic. Water is supplied from works 
established by a monk, in the 16th century, by 
which it is raised from the Tauber.] 

Uffenheim (Stat.) 

In a pretty spot, on the GoUach. Near it la 
HoTienlandsberg Castle hi a thick forest on a moun< 
tain, with splendid view. 

Ochsenfurt (Stat.) 

/nn.— Schnecke (Snail). 

On the Main, here crossed by a stone bridge, 
690 feet long, of the 17th century. It has a Church 
in the Byzantine style, built hi the middle of the 
ninth century ; and Michaeliskirche, with its Gothic 
portal. The vine is largely cultivated here. 

HeidlngSfeld (Stat.) has a church with a 
good stone pulpit of the 16th and 16th centuries. 

WURZBUBO (Stat.), the Capital of the (Jnterr 
franken (Lower Franconia) Circle in Bavaria. 

Population, 60,844. 

Hotels. — Kronprinz, first-class hotel, centrally 
placed and well furnished; Frankischer Hof; 
Adler; Wittelsbacher. 

Rail to Frankfort-on-Main, Bamberg, Heidel- 
berg, Nuremberg, Stuttgart, Munich, Augsburg, 
Leipsic, Schweinfurt, Heilbronn, Aschaffenburgi 
&c. — See Bradshaw's Continental Guide. 

This old cathedral town, formerly the seat of a 
Prhice Bishop of the Empire was founded as far 
back as 741, in the beautiful winding valley of the 
Main. It derives its name from the gardens and 
vineyards on the surrounding hills. The Leisten, 
Steinberg, Bochsbeutel, and other vineyards cover 
about 7,000 acres. In the German War of 1866, 
three or four actions took place near this town, 
25th to 28th July, hi which the Baden and WUrt- 
temburg troops were defeated by the Prussians. 

The town contains many picturesque old houses 
and Churches, and close crooked streets. The befft 
are the Dom and Hof Strasser, and the NeubaugasMi. 
The site of the former ramQaxt^ V^ V«&^ ^s«&. "^-^ 



i6d 



fiBADSUAAV*8 ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 3. 



town, called the f'rftUenbcrg, or Marienberg, stands 
the old Citadel, huilt 1650, by the Prince-Bishop, 
on the site of an old Roman fort; It has a fine 
porch. Rotenhan, Its defender In the Peasant War 
of 1525, Is buried in the Church. Apply at the 
guard-house for a guide. 

A bridge, 650 feet long, built 174'>-1607, Is adorned 
with twelve statues of saints. From the middle of 
it a causeway, called Wehr, stretches off to the 
suburb on the "West bank, near St. BurkanTs 
Church, the oldest one in the town ; It was built 
1042, with a choir and transept added in the 15th 
century; and has been restored, In common with 
many other churches here. 

At the centre of the town Is the Cathedral or Dom, 
A handsome building (1189 to 1240), with later 
additions, marked by four towers, on the site of a 
crypt of the ninth century. It contains a fine 
statue of the Virgin, at the altar, and an altar- 
piece by Sandrart, with some other good paintings 
worth notice. Among the statues and monuments 
of many of its eighty-two or eighty-three bishops, 
are the carvings on those of Bishops von Bibra and 
Scherenberg, by Rlemenschnelder, of the sixteenth 
century ; and Bishop Schonbom's chapel, orna- 
mented with marble and grinding. The tomb of 
Sebastian von Mespelbrunn Is a sleeping knight. 
An urn marks the spot where Conrad von Ravens- 
burg was killed by his uncle, 1202. Notice the 
Jachin and Boaz at the altar, two symbols of the 
freemasons. 

St. Johannes im Haug (St. John in Hang) is an 
Italian building (1671) on the model of St. Peter's 
at Rome, with a handsome cupola and two towers ; 
and Is adorned with much gliding. Old Stlfthaug 
or Priest's College. 

The Afarienkirche, In the Market Place (built 
1377-147y), Is a handsome Gothic building with 
good lancet windows, and sculptures by Riemcn- 
schneider; on the top of its high tower Is a gilt 
statue of the Virgin, 11 feet high. On the porch, 
a relief of the Conception. 

The Neilmunstei'kv'cfie, near the Dom, has the 

bones of St. Kilian, an Irishman, the Apostle oi 

JFranconia. It is of the twelfth century. Here Is 

-I'Ut/njg- 1, 'a statue of Waltber ron dcr "V'ogel- 

»v///-p, fAe Oennnnpoot of the thirteenth centnrv. 



so called because of his bequest of a sum for feeding 
the birds. 

The Residenz or Royal Schloss (formerly the 
seat of the Prince Bishop) is a large stone pile, built 
1720-44, on the model of the Palace of Versailles, 
by Bishop SchSnbom. It forms three sides of a 
rectangle, about 550 feet long, 290 feet deep, and 70 
feet high. It contains seven courts and 288 rooms; 
a fine staircase, with frescoes by Tiepolo ; theatre, 
and a richly furnished Chapel. The SpiegeUaal 
(cost £40,000) is unique. Some of the old apart- 
ments were occupied by the Emperor at his visit. 
Ludwig I. resided here when Crown Prince. The 
capacious cellars would hold upwards of 2,000 tun» 
(4,000 f udcr) of wine. 

The University was founded as early as 1582, 
by Bishop Julius Echter of Mespelbrunn, and In 
chiefly attended by medical students. It has a 
library of 200,000 volumes, cabinets of phyaks. 
natural history and art, and a curious collection of 
''naturmosalken," by Professor Blank, of wood, 
feathers, the dust of butterflies' wingv, grains of 
seed, flax, «fec.; the most successful Imitation being 
an Eruption of Vesuvius, the fire represented 
through the outer wing of a cricket. Also the 
Martinengo collection of paintings, sculptures, and 
weapons. 

The Observatory is fixed in the tower of the old 
disused Church. 

The JuiiuM Spital (Julius Hospital), founded by 
the same munificent Bishop, 1576, Is an extensive 
and richly endowed training school for physiclaDS, 
with room for 500 patients. KlngLudwig's bronse 
statue of the founder, by Schwanthaler, stands in 
the Square. It includes an Anatomical Theatre, 
built 1852, a Botanical Garden, several collections, 
and an elegant Church. 

The Rathhaut and Theatre deserve notice ; with 
the Pillar of Bishop Zobel (killed 1558). 

The Leisten vineyard occupies about sixty acres 
on the slope of the Citadel Hill. This is the beat 
of the Franconian wines. Another good quality 
is grown on the Steinberg, whence there is a fine 
prospect of the town and river. Another point of 
view Is St. Nicholas's Pilgrim Chapel, on the Kap- 
pellenberg, an eight-sided building reached by a 
scries of stations or shrines. 

The AxcMuVLfe CVvflkx\c* <l«f<«a.t.<td Marshal Jonr- 
l dalnncan\\\H,\l^^. 



Route 42.] HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — WURZBURG, ASCHAFFENBURO. 



ICO 



Excursions can be made to the country seat of i 
Count Schiinbom at Gaibach, with its bas-relief 
by Thorwaldsen and a colossal bust of Schiller bj' 
Dannecker. To Ludwigsbad, at Wipfeld-On- 
the-MalXL, with useful chalybeate and saline 
springs, schlamm (mud) and vapour baths; and 
to Klingenberg Castle. 

Lohr (Stat.), on the Main; from which a 

branch goes off to HafexLlohr, Trexinfeld, 

Wertheixn, and Lauda. Wertheim, where the 
Tauber joins the Main, is the seat of Prince Lo wen- 
stein- Wert helm, with some picturesque castle ruhis. 

Lailfach (Stat.), near Lengfurt, Across the 
Main, to Trie/enstein Castle, belonging to Prin ce Lii w- 
enstein-Wertheim, formerly an Augustine convent. 

Between Esselbach and Hessenthal, at Rohr- 
brunn, the post road reaches the highest point of 
the heights of Spessart, the Geyersbcrg (Vulture's 
Hill) 1920 feet above the sea. The Spessart is one 
of the largest forests in Germany, part of the 
ancient Hercynlan Forest. 

ASCliaffenburg (Stat.), in Lower Frauconia. 
Bavaria. Population, 13,276. 

Hotels.— AaicT ; Freiliof . 

Rail to Mayence, Darmstadt, &c. 

An old walled town of the eighth century, on a 
fine spot at the West comer of the Spessart hills, 
over the Main. It belonged to the Elector of 
Mayence, before 1814, when it was transferred to 
Bavaria. In the German war of 1866, the Federal 
army of 80,000, under the Prince of Hesse, was 
defeated by General Von Falkensteln, and driven 
across the Main into the town, which was after- 
wards stormed and burnt. A handsome stone 
bridge crosses the river. The streets are old and 
narrow ; the ramparts are laid out in gardens. 

The Johannisberg Schlass overlooking the town, 
belonging to the Royal Family, was a hunting 
seat of the Electors, built 1605-14, on the site of 
a Roman foiiress, in the Renaissance style. It is a 
handsome square of red sandstone, about 260 feet 
each way, with towers at the comers 190 feet 
high. Here is a good picture gallery of 880 
works ; about 20,000 engravings, some from Kra- 
nach, Griin, and other early masters; a Library 
Including some early books and illuminations, 
with cork models of old temples and ruins. It 
stnmls near an orangery in a, pictarcsque botan\ca\ 



garden, which extends round to the SchOncthal. 
Among the eight churches are some Gothic 
buildings. The Dom, or Stiftskirche, was founded 
980 by Otho of Bavaria, in the Romanesque style. 
It contains the Electoral tombs, including that of 
Albert of Brandenburg— an effigy by P. Vischer, 
opposite a statue of the Virgin ; also a monument of 
the founder, and a canopied bronze of St. Margaret. 
The large old University; the Rathhaus; and 
the ancient House of the Teutonic Knights, de- 
serve notice. 

Near the Station is the Pompeianum Villa, built 
1842-9 by Gartner, for King Ludwig, after the 
model of the house of Castor and Pollux at 
Pompeii, and omamented with wall paintings, 
mosaics, &c. There is an English Roman Catholic 
establishment for ladies here. 

Wilhelm Heinse, author of Ardinghello, who died 
here 1803, as Librarian to the Prince, is buried in 
St. Agatha's cemetery. Boat building is carried on. 

In the neighbourhood, a walk may be taken 
to Schone Busch, and another to the Schmerlen- 
bacher Forest, which is about 20 miles In 
circumference. From here a branch of 22 miles 
runs up the Main, past Sulzhaeh-am-Main, and 
Klingenberg, to ]M[llten1)erg(8tat.), an interesting 
town with a population of 3,600, WeillMlCll, 
and Amorbach. Diligence from Miltenberg to 

Wertlielin, 18 miles. 

Klein Ostheim (Stat.), a Bavarian frontier 
custom-house. 

DettlngeXL (Stat.) Celebrated in the Austrian 
War of Succession, when the French were defeated 
27th June, 1743, by the allied armies of England 
and Austria. George II. and his son the Duke of 
Cumberland took part. In the churchyard of 
Klein Ostheim are several monuments to officers 
who fell in the battle, which was heaviest at the 
" Hessenacker," as it is called. It stands on the 
Hesse side of the border. Handel composed his 
Dettingen Te Deitm on this occasion. 

From Dettingen 7^ miles to Hanau (see page 
76), the junction of the line from Fnlda, from 
which it is 10 miles to Frankfurt by Mainkori 
see page 75. 

Frankfort.— See Bradshaw's HandrBfi^^ i^ 
Belgium and \>\e TOwa^. "»^^ ^^ v^wj. '^^^ 



"ec«v^ 



\ 



170 



BRADSHAW 8 ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 3, 



by the Fe<lerals in the (jerman war of 18G6, was 
occupied by 7,000 Prussians, 17tli July, and a 
oontribntion of three millions levied, part of which 
was remitted upon its annexation to the German 
Empire. The Diet was moved to Augsburg and 
afterwards dissolved. 

Nureml)erg to WliTzbarg and Aschaf- 

fenblirg.— (Bayerische Staats Eiseubahn.) 



Nuremberg to Miles. 

Flirth 5 

Burgfarnbach 8f 

Neustadt 26 

Markt-Bibart 85 



Miles. 

Kitzingen 50 

Wiirzburg 64 

Gemiinden 87 

Aschaffenburg 120 



Nuremberg and Furth. Sec Route 41. 
Burgfarnbach (Stat) Here excellent white 
beer is brewed, and hops are grown. 

Neu8tadt-an-der-AlBcli (Stat.) 

Population, 4,100. 

A small town in a beautiful and fertile tract of 
Franconia^ near Possenheim, and the old fortress of 
Speckfeld, which overlooks it. Hops grown here. 

Kitzingen (Stat.), in Lower Franconia. 

POPDLATION, 7,000. 

/nn.— Rothes Ross. 

A town on the right bank of the Main, noted for 
its beer and vineyards. Etwashauscn, on the left 
bank, is joined to the town by a handsome bridge, 
880 feet long. The Gothic Church contains some 
curious monuments. Old toll-house, with a high 
roof, was built by Bishop Julius. Vinegar made. 

The people hero took an active part in the 
Peasant war of 1525, for which the Margrave 
Casimer, their feudal lord, beheaded seven men in 
the old Leidenhof, or Tournament Yard, and put 
out the eyes of seventy-five others. 

Wiirzburg and Aschaffenburg. See Route 42. 

Wiirzburg to Bamberg, Eisslngen, and 
Melningen. 



English 
miles. 
WUrzhurg to 

Seligenstadt 10 

Welgolshausen 19 

Bergrheinfeld 24 

Schwcinfurt 29 

[Branch to Kissin- 
^e/i AMeinigen]. 

J^henbausen 9 

Klffslnffen 15 



English 
miles. 
Ncustadt-an-der- 

Saale 24 

Meiningen 49 

Schonungen 32 

Hassfurt 42 

Zeil 46 

BAToherfs 62 



Wiirzburg. See Route 43. 

Seligenstadt, in iiesse. 

Population, 3,700. 

Of the Benedictine Abbey built iu the eleventh 
century, there remains the very ancient CAvrcA 
of Eginhard, the one-thousandth jubilee of which 
was kept in 1825. In the present parish chureh is 
a marble sarcophagus, containing the bones of 
Emma, daughter of Charlemagne, and of her hus- 
band, Eginhard. The original sarcophagus was 
taken, 1810, to Erbach in the Odeuwalde. 

Weigol8hau8en(Stat.)i junction for Ctomtin- 

den, page 172. 

Bergrheinfeld (Stat.) 

About six miles from this is Klotter Ebrack^ for- 
merly a rich Cistercian abbey, with a handsome 
Church of the twelfth century, in the Grothic 
Byzantine style, supported by thirty columns. It 
has twenty-five altars (some entirely of marbleX 
and a fine rose window in the front. Within ara 
several excellent paintings, and many monuments 
of the Hohcnstaufcn family. The oldest nionn- 
mcnt (1126) is outside the Church. 

The rail enters Schweinfurt by a short tunnel. 

Schwelnfurt (Stat.) 

Population, 12,438. 

Hotel. — Rabe. 

A well-built place (formerly an imperial town) 
on the right bank of the Main. Coloured papers 
are made. The old walls were erected by QustavB^ 
Adolphus, who made this bis head-qnarters in th« 
Thirty Years' War. The Rathhatu, built 1670, has 
a good Library. The Qymnctsium GwUaeimm was 
founded by Gustavus Adolphus. 

St. Johanniskirche^ the most important churchf ll 
of the thirteenth century. During summer, steam- 
boats ply on the Main from here to Bamberg. 
Near Schweinfurt is a monument of King Lndwfg, 
the constructor of the Ludwig's Canal. 

A connecting rail, of 49 miles (aa abore), vAi 
Ebenhausen to Meiningen, joins the rails in Soatli 
and Central Germany. See Route 28. 

For Kissingen Baths, see next page. 

The lino to Bamberg follows the Main by the side 
of vitieyatda. On the heights here and there fire 
\ remaiwa oi oViV. ^ot\.%. 



Route 44.] HAXD-BOOK TO GERMANY. — KITZINOBN, KISSINOEN. 



171 



HaSBfurt (Stat.) A small town, shut in by 
mediseval walls; has a Church of the fourteenth 
century. Towards the south is a view of the 
Mountains of the Stiegerwalde. 

Zeil(Stat.) Another old place near the remains 
of Schmachtenberg Castle, destroyed 1552. 

ELtmann, near the rail. A new bridge crosses 
the valley at the side of the Main. The tower to 
the south-east is a part of Waldburg Castle, more 
than ten centuries old. 

Cross the river to 

Bamberg. See Route 41. Lines to Cobnrg, 
Nuremberg, <fec. 

From Obemdorf-Schweinf urt, as above, a branch 
rail opened 1871 goes via Poppenhausen (Stat.), 
where the road from Wlirzburg crosses, and Eben- 
liausen (Stat.), (9 miles), to the famous bathing- 
1)1 ace of 

KISSINGEN (Stat.), 15 English miles from 
Schweinfurt. 

Population, nearly 4,000. 
Hotels. — Sanner, first-class family hotel. 
Victoria and Kaiserhof, first-class family hotels, 
deservedly recommended. 
Kurhaus (Bath Hotel). 
Russischer Hof. 
Englischerhof; De Prusse; Bayriscber Hof . 

For good apartments apply to the Konlgliche 
Bad-Kommissariat. 

Reading Room at the Kurhaus. Post and fVe- 
graph Office in Salinen Strassc. 

Carriages, to Salzdampfbad, 1^ mark; to Bocklct, 
5 marks; Briickenau, 15 marks; Gemtlnden, 24 
marks; Schweinfurt, 10 marks. One-horse Fiaker^ 
as per tariff. The Frankfort Steamers come up 
the Main to Gemlinden. 

English Church Service in the new Church, built 
by the Colonial and Continental Church Society, 
chiefly through the exertions of Dr. Granville, 
author of " Kisslngen ; its Sources and Resources." 

Season.— April to October. Curtaxe, payable 
after a week, first, second, and third class, accord- 
ing to rank and position. 

Kisslngen, on the Franconian Saale, in a fine 
valley, is much frequented by £ngli9b and RuMdt^Tk 



visitors in the season, to the number of nearly 
10,000. It has come into general repute sinee 1836. 
The waters have been known for ages past, and arc 
as efficacious as ever, especially in disorders of the 
stomach and bowels. Two of them, the Rakoczy 
for drinkers, and the Pandur for bathers, contain 
salt and iron, and were put under a handsome 
arcaded Kurhaus, erected by King Ludwig, and 
designed by Gartner, 1842. Another spring, the 
Maxhrunnen, near these, is effervescent, like 
Seltzer water. The waters are taken from six 
to eight in the morning, and 30p,000 bottles are 
exported yearly. The Actien Bath-house lies 
across the river. Here are two hospitals and a 
theatre ; with Arnold's statues of Maximilian IT. 
and Germany. Pike fishing in the Saale. 

Amongst the sights here are some old monuments 
and frescoes in the Church ; the " Soolen sprudel " 
(brine fountain), a powerful intermittent spring, 
charged with carbonic acid gas, at a temperature 
of 68 degrees. It lises from a depth of 330 feet, 
and supplies the Evaporation Houses close by. At 
Hansen, further up the Saale, is the Artesische 
Quelle (Artesian Well), a boring 2,000 feet in depth, 
which has been closed, as it was thought pr^a- 
dicial to the other springs. 

Promenades in the Garten, at the Music Hall, to 
the Lindesmiihle, Euersdorf, Oehlmiihle, Alten- 
berg. More distant Excursions to Booklet, NeU- 

8tadt-axL-der-Saale (Stat.); Sahburg Castie, 

said to have been built by Charlemagne; Sinn- 
berg, with fine view, Schloss Aschach, Stuf- 
enberg, Cascadenthal, Trimberg Castle, and to 
the Kreuzbcrg, the highest spot of the RhSnge- 
birge Hills. Diligence to Booklet (see below),, 
and to Steinach. Omnibus daily to Briickenau, 
see next page. 

This pretty place suffered in the German war of 
1866, when 40,000 Bavarians, on their way to join 
the Federal array, were defeated with great loss 
by the Prussians. Prince Bismarck's life was 
attempted here 1874. A statue marks the spot. 

Still further up the Saale (IJ hour) is— 

Booklet, with a strong chalybeate mineral water, 
formed by the union of three warm springs -^ u"* 
for drinkiw^ «ccvA.\i9>X^Sk.'^, fe».-«<i»>B.«!issgwa.JI| 



172 



bradshaw's illustrated 



[SecS. 



an hotel at the Klosterhausen, witli conversation 
and cofiFee rooms. 
Diligence to BrUctcenaa. 

ROTJTE 45. 
Wllnburg to Fulda. 



WUrzburg to Miles. 

VeltshSchhelm 4i 

Karlstadt 15^ 

Geniiinden....' 24 

Burgsinn 32 



Miles. 

Jossa 35 

Elm 63 

Fulda 70 



Karlstadt (Stat), the best for 
Amstein, on the Wem, the birthplace of Mich. 
J. Schmidt, the historian. 

Gemiinden (Stat.), on the R. Mam, to which 
the Frankfort steamers come. A line was opened 
1872, from here to Elm, for Fulda, «kc., on the 
Bebra line. There is a short line, 17^ miles, in If 
hour, from Gemiinden to 

Hanimelburg. 

Population, 3,000. 

-A pretty spot on the right bank of the Saale, 
which belonged to the Prince Bishops of Fulda, 
whose country seat was burnt, 1844, with the 
Rathhaus, Ac. Near this is Saaleck Castle and the 
ruins of Amalienburg, a mountain fortress. Fruit 
and wine are produced. 

JoBsa (Stat.); short line to Briidcenau, 

reached also by omnibus from Kissingen, in 6 
hours. 

PorULATION, 1,800. 

A small town and watering-place m the valley of 
the Sinn, at the foot of the RhSngebirge Hills. The 
Bath, ii mile distant, has much prospered owing 
to the yearly visits of the late King Ludwig. 
There are three springs called Sinnberg, Wematz, 
and Briickenau, all of a chalybeate nature, and 
excellent for bracing the system, especially after a 
course of Kissingen waters. 

The large Kurhaus, containing ninety chambers. 
Is near the FUrstenbau, which was the usual 
residence of the king. There is a pavilion for 
music, Ac. The neighbourhood of this place is 
beautiful, the best spots being provided with 
resting places and agreeable paths. A fine view 
from the Heiligen Kreuz convent, near the 
Jihong-ebirffo. 



Kuremberg, Bamberg, or Bayreuth, to 
FrancoxLlan Switzerland. 

Coming from the south, the nearest station on 

the Bamberg and Hof line is Forchheim, between 

Nuremberg and Bamberg ; from the north the 

branch of 13 miles from Neuenmarkt to Bayreuth 

I (Bayerische Staats Eisenbahn) should betaken. 

From Nuremberg, a direct line (58 miles) runs to 

Bayreuth and Hof, through a picturesque part of 

Francmiian Switzerland, past Lauf, ffersbruck, a 

place for hops, under the Michclsberg, and at a 

junction for Neukirchen and Weiden, page 175; 

Rupprechtitegen and some old castles; Ntuhaut, 

near Veldcnsteln Castle; Pegnitz, in a pretty 

valley ; Creussen, Ac. 

FRANCONIAN SWITZERLAHD. 

As it is called, lying between Bayreuth, Forch- 
hcim, and Bamberg, is a picturesque table land at 
the west end of the Fichtelgebirge Hills, about 
2,000 feet above sea, and styled Franconian, as 
being mostly in the old circle of Franconia, now 
part of Bavaria. It covers about 200 square miles, 
and is watered by the Wiesent, Aufsees, and other 
streams abounding with trout. The valleys arc 
often deep gorges hemmed in by rugged castle- 
looking rocks, and containing many Caves and 
grottoes with animal bones in them. The roads 
through it meet at Muggeudorf. Omnibuses start 
from 

Forchbeim and Bayersdorf (Stats.), on 

the NUmberg-Bamberger rail, or from Bayreatb 
(see Route 47), by way of Gesees and Blankenfels; 
making the journey in two or three hours. Coaches 
keep the straight country road, as many of the 
mountain paths are heavy. 

Rail from Forchheim to Ebermannstadt In 
three-quarters of an hour, thence byroad, 8^ miles, 
to 

Streltberg. 

/>t»«.--Goldener Lowe ; Adler. 

Most romantically situated in the valley of the 
Wiesent. It has a Kurhaus, with baths, &c., 
under Dr. Weber. From the Amtsschloss,' on a 
rock near the town, is a fine view of the neigh- 
bourhood, takbig inMuggendorf, as far as Guckhtil 
to the Wel^TboTg, &t. 'S^sm \\. w^ Wv^ 'V^^xi'gwv^ 



Route 46.] 



HAND-BOOK. TO GBRMANY. — IHANCONIAN SWITZEKLAMD. 



]73 



Stone, Marksteiii, and the Cave of the Schunstein, 
or 

Schdnstelnlldllle, one and a half mile from 
Streitberg on the road to Muggondorf. The entire 
Cave is aboat 300 feet long, and is divided into 
seven compartments, containing stalactites. The 
further one has the names of Roscnmiiller and 
other naturalists who have visited the spot. 

The Brunnensteln Cave has two small 

entrances, one two feet high, through which you 
enter a cave 100 feet long; beyond which lies 
another and smaller cave full of beautiful stalac- 
tites. At 

Neudeck are remains of two round thick Castle 
towers, surrounded with walls, on a rocky flat, 
150 feet high. 

After passing the Felscngrotte, a large stalactite 
cave, overlooking the fine valley below, we reach 

Moggendorf, a small village, with 450 inhabi- 
tants, at the foot of the Hohen — or Hagebrumien- 
stein, 1,790 feet above the sea, among hop and 
fruit gardens. Omnibus daily to Forchheim. 

The neighbourhood abounds in Caves and pictur- 
esque mountains ; among which are the Guckhiil, 
with a fine view, the Weichselbaum, the Markens- 
berg, the Hohleberg, the Riimersberg, and other 
points of view. One of the most noticeable sights 
is a cave in the Kuppc Mountain, called the 

Bosenmullerslldllle, so named after Prof. 
Rosenmtiller, who first described it 1793, abound- 
ing in stalactites, upwards of 100 feet high, in 
the middle and round the sides. It commands a 
splendid view. Entrance 2^ marks for one to six 
persons. 

The Oswaldshdllle, in the Hohleberg, half-way 
up the mountain, is divided into three principal 
passages, the middle one and most beautiful being 
40 feet long, 76 feet broad, and 80 feet high. A 
waterfall is seen in a neighbouring cave. 

The Wltzenhdllle is another remarkable series, 
entered by a cave 60 feet broad and of the same 
length ; beyond which is a second, 30 feet broad, 
and 100 feet long, containing yellow stalactites. 
Then three caves, in which are the remains of 
heathen altars, and urns, with black stalactites, 
and many fossil beds. Hence past the Baumfurter 
Mill, in a pretty spot, to 

Tbo OftlZeimeiitiiieriidlile, lUso called iVi<^ 



Zoolithenhohle, from the numberless bones of 
antediluvian animals found in it, together with 
those of wolves, hyenas, bears, &c. It is divided 
into a series of small caves, and has been described 
by Esper, Rosenmiillcr, Cuvicr, Buckland, and 
other naturalists. The forester shows the cave, 
1 mark each person. 

From the Eisgrotte, or Ice grotto, there is a way 
to a hole full of fossil remains. Over the back of 
the range to 

GdBSWelnsteln, a small place with 600 inhabi- 
tants, near a mountain of the same name, with a 
fine view from the Castle on its summit, over three 
valleys which meet here. 

The village church has a so-called miraculous 
image of the Holy Trinity, to which many pil- 
grimages are made; with fine altar-pieces and 
stucco ornaments. In the neighbourhood are the 
Espers, Allersdorfcr, and Etzdorfer Caves, and the 
Wichsenstein Hill. 

The next place is 

Pottensfeeixi. 

Population, 1,00D. 

It has the picturesque remains of a Castle, sur- 
rounded with high rocks, and beautifully situated. 
In the neighbourhood are the large and small 
Tcufelsloch, the first 330 feet long. Through the 
beautiful Tlichcrsfelder Thai, and into the 

ExigelliardSbergerTlialfa continuation of the 
Wiesenthal, between striking pyramids of rock, to 
the Riesenberg^ or Giant's Hill. This is a group of 
rocks shaped into arches and towers, and made 
accessible by the owner, Count Schonborn. A 
guide may be had at the Toos Inn. It overlooks 
the Engelhardsbergcr Valley. 

The Rabenecker Thai is another beautiful valley 
leading to 

Waischenfeld. 

Inn. — Hofman. 

A small place on the Wiescnt, surrounded with 
groups of rocks. Its church, built 1450, has the 
monument of Bishop Grau, a native, who died at 
Vienna, 1552. Fine views from the remains of 
SchlUsselberg and Gutenberg Castles ; also from 
the Rabeneck, formerly a very extensive mountaiu 
castle, in one of the most lovely jfaxtA <si. **" 



174 



BKAD8HAW S ILLUSTRATED 



[See. a. 



Rabenstein Cattle has modem additions made by 
its owner, Count Schiinbom ; and stands over the 
Ral)6n8tei]ierbQhle, one of the most remarkable 
caves in this locality, on account of the jrreat num- 
ber of fossil bones and stalactites. Another name 
is the Sophicnhohlc or cave. Admittance. 2 marks 
for one to five persons, including the lighting up 
of from forty to fifty lights. 

On the opposite side of the romantic Ahomthal 
is KcJnig Ludwigshtihle. 

The FSrstershohle, first described by Esper, 
belongs to the landlord of the Meisel Inn. 

Past Untcraufsees to 

Ch'ei/enstein, a rocky height, surmounted by an 
armoury, a Chinese pavilion, and other fanciful 
buildings. 

From here to Helllgenstadt and by way of 
Burggrub back to 

Bamlierg. Seo Route 41 . 

ROXJOTB 47- 

Begensburg (Batisbon) to Bayreutb, Hof, 

and Eger. 

By Bayerische Ostbahn, the stations are as 
follow : — 



Miles. 
Regensburg to 
Walhallastrasse ... 2^ 

Regenstauf 9| 

Haidhof 17 

Schwandorf 27 

[Branch to Prague.] 

Irrenlohe 29J 

[flr. to Nuremberg: — 

Amberg 14 

Sulzbach 21 

Neukirchcn 

(Loop to Weiden, 32.) 

Etzelwang 29^ 

Nuremberg ... 56] 



Miles 

Nabburg 86 

Wemberg 44 

Weiden 54 

IBrancJies to Neu- 
kirchcn & Nurem- 
berg, and to Eger 
and Carlsbad.] 
Kemnath-Neustadt 76 

Bayreuth 90 

Neuenmarkt 104 

Falls-Gofrees 

Miinchborg 

Oberkotzau 

Hof 132J 



Regensburg, or Ratisbon, as in Route 40. 

The line proceeds, up to Regen, through the 
quartz hills, which are used by the Bohemian 
glass makers, to the Walhallastrasse, or road to 
the Walhalla (Route 40) ; then to 

Regenstanf (Stat.), near the remains of 
EhronfclS and Carlstein Castles. 

Haidhof .(Stat.), near Bnrglengcnfcld, a small 
town on the Nab, having an old church and a ruined 
/noantaJn fort. 
1,600. 



Schwandorf (Stat.), at the jnnetion of tht 

Prague line, on the Nab. It has the Castle of 
Prince Wallerstein. 

Irrenlohe (Stat.), on the Nab, where the 
branch to Nuremberg turns off. It passes by 
Amberg, Sulzbach, Neukirchen, Ac, as below. 

[Amberg (Stat). 

Population, 19,098. 

/«w.— Pfalzer Hof. 

A well-built town, on the Vila, in the Upper 
Palatinate, and so called because it is '^am Berge,*' 
on the slope of the Erzgebirge Hills, in the neigh- 
bourhood. The ramparts are turned into public 
walks. At the Vilsthor Gate is a monument oi 
Max Joseph I. It is celebrated for the victory 
gained by the Austrians under Archduke Charles, 
1796, over Jourdan. St. Croorge^s Church has 
three towers. The Gothic 

Martin's kirche^ in the principal square, has a 
beautiful tower, 320 feet high, and several monu- 
ments, including that of the Count Palatine 
Rupert (1397). 

The Rathhaus is a very old (Jothic building. 

Other buildings deserving notice are the Royal 
Castle^ and the Jesuits* College^ now a Gymnasiam, 
containing a large Library fh>m the suppressed 
abbeys, and cabinets of natural objects and of 
antiquities. 

The Royal Factory of arms turns out 80,000 
weapons yearly. There are also manufactures of 
delftwarc. 

On a height near the town is the McaHahilf 
Pilgrimage Church, with a fine view of the 
Bayrische Wald. Here the Austrians defeated the 
French, 1793. 

The forges in the Erzgebirge range in the vicinity 
yield 2,600 tons of iron yearly. 

Sulzbach (Stat.) 

POrULATION, 3,200. 

/nn*.— Wilder Mann ; Bother Krebs (Red Crab); 
Baycrischer Hof. 

This small town is on the declivity of the Fich- 
telgebirgo Hills, and has an old Royal Castte^ or 
Schloss, once the residence of the Bavarian dukes, 
belonging to the bookseller Von Seidel.] 

Nabburg (Stat.), on the main line, und«r the 
slope of a hVU, wxTTuouTvt«iA.\\'5 ^ QicWsvvc, Od^m^^v. 

WerXLlMirg (»V«.V^.^^«k.t tvTVQ\^c^»tl^. 



Koute 47.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — AMBERG, BATREUTH. 



175 



Welden (Stat.) A small manufacturing town 
on the Nab, where the lines from Neuklrclien 
and Nuremberg, and Egcr in Austria fall in. The 
latter passes byWaldessen, on the Bavarian border. 

BATREUTH or BAIREUTH (Stat.) 

POPULATIOX, 24,361. 
Inn.— Anker. 

Rail to Neuenmarkt, Hof, Nuremberg, Ac. A 
rail is open past Creusscn to Nuremberg (p. 167). 

CoACHXS to Waischenfeld in Franconian Switzer- 
land and other places. See Bradshaw's Continental 
Guide. 

This is a well-built town in Upper Franconia, 
surrounded by pleasant gardens and promenades, 
on the Red Main between the Mistelbach and 
Scndelbach. It has six gates in the old walls, and 
the suburb of St. Georgen. Bayreuth, which 
formerly belonged to the Brandenburg family, 
came at length to the Margraves of Anspach- 
Baireuth, who gave it up to Prussia, 1791. In 
1806 it was transferred to Bavaria. Parts of It 
have been rebuilt since the fires of 1621 and 1753. 
It was captured at the close of the German war, 
28th July, 1866. 

The Sophienkirche, in St. George's suburb, was 
built 1706-11. 

The large Opera House, or T/ieatre, which was 
handsomely fitted, 1748, in part of the old Riding 
House, was rebuilt as a National Opera, hi honour 
of Wagner, the composer, author of Lohengrin^ 
Tannhauser, <frc., who resided here. It is fan-shaped, 
not semicircular; and has been adopted as a 
German National Theatre. 

Wagner's House, in the Rlchard-Wagner- 
strasse, 288^, has an appropriate inscription, and 
the grave of the composer is in the Garden. The 
Alt Schloss (burnt 1758 and rebuilt) has a lofty 
tower, with a good view. 

The Neue SdUosi has a very fine garden, which 
Is used as a public promenade. 

A Statue of Jean Paid Riehtet; the German 
writer, who lived and died (1825) at Baireuth, 
stands in Gjrmnasinms Platz ; it is the work of 
Schwanthaler, kt the cost of King Ladw\g ot 



under a marble pyramid in the Gottesackcr 
(Cemetery). 

St. George's suburb is united to the town by an 
avenue of trees. 

The Eremitage, three miles east of the town, the 
most beautiful spot in the neighbourhood, is a 
country seat, built 1726, in a fine park, with 
gardens, temples, waterworks, «fec. Two wings 
were fitted up by a former Margrave with cells 
for himself and his wife, and their followers, to 
retire to when disposed. Here Frederick the 
Great's sister, the Margravine, wrote her Memoirs. 

Near Eckersdorf, west of the town, is the Phan- 
tasie, once a country seat of Duke Alexander of 
WUrttemburg, in another beautiful spot. It con- 
tains sculptures by the late Duchess (Marie of 
Orleans), including her well-known Joan of Arc, 
and the Guardian Angel; also paintings and 
portraits from her own hand. 

At Mistelgau^ eight miles distant, are graves of 
the Wends, in which many old weapons have been 
found. 

For Franconian Switzerland, see Route 46. 

[Two hours distant, on the post road to Hof, is 

Bemeck. /nn.— Lowe. 

A small town. In a deep valley, surrounded by the 
Fichtelgel)irge BangOf on which are remains of 
old castles. A small bridge crosses the Oelsnitz, 
which flows through the town, and produces excel- 
lent trout ; a few pearls are also found. Further on is 

Gefirees, near Falls-Gefrccs (Stat.), 11 miles 
from MUnchberg. Inn. — Lowe. 

The road turns off here to the right through the 
Flchtelgebirge towards Bohemia, and by way of 
Welssenstadt to Wunsiedel (nine miles), and 
Alexanderbad (two miles). From Wunsiedel there 
Is a direct line to Hof (see below). It follows the 
western slope of the mountains, the highest peaks 
of which are — the Schneeberg, 8,540 feet high, 
and the Ochsenkopf, 8,360 feet high. The Main, 
the Eger, the Naab, and the Saale, all rise at the foot 
of these mountains. In the last few years, a large 
trade In mock pearls has sprung up in the small 
towns of thisdistrict, which hasserionsly Interfered 
with the Venetian monopoly.] 

Hof (Stat.) See MutLlch.l.'CiWjsAOft-^N^R.v*.. 



BavMriM. His grMre, wiOk that of hie son, We* \ 0\5wVo\.xw3l^^<»^\«>"^>^^ •^'^'^ 



176 



BBAD^UAW'S ILLn8TKAT£D 



Wunsledel (Stat.) 

Inn. — Kronprini! , 

A town on the Rossla, at the bottom of the half 
circular Fichteljfebirgc ranjrc, rebuilt since the 
fire of 18;H. Its wealthy, endowed Hospital was 
founded 148G. It was the birthplace of Jean Paul 
Kichter, whose siatue stands before bis house. 
Woollen goods arc made. 

About 14 mile from Wunsiodel lies the watering 
place of 

AlexandeXSbad, formerly called Sidiei'sreuth, 
but re-named by the last Margrave Alexander of 
Baircuth. It is a black alkaline ch ilybeatc water, 
used for drinking and for warm baths, and excel- 
lent in all cases of weakness. It is effervescent, 
and bottled for exportation. There are good 
private lodgings, and two /«»*, the Weber and 
the Kurhaus, or Schloss, the latter at the Springs. 
It belonged to the Margraves, and contahis nearly 
fifty rooms, at a height of 2,000 feet above the sea, 
in a fine situation on the declivity of the Kossein, 
one of the remarkable peaks of the Fichtelgebirge. 
Table cThdte at the Schloss, 2J marks. The air is 
bracing, and the views arc remarkably beautiful 
and extensive. Carriage from Wunsledel to 
Alexandersbad and tiic Luiscnburg and back, 
7 to 8 marks. 

Excursions may be made in the neighbourhood to 
the Kosscinc, 3,080 feet above the sea ; the Schnee- 
berg, 3,460 feet high (the highest peak of the 
richtclgcbirge range, marked by a watch-tower, 
built 1520); the Ochsenkopf, 8,860 feet; and to the 
Schneeloch (snow hole), where the snow remains 
till July. These hills are extremely rugged and 
fissured. One of the most remarkable, called the 
Luisenburg, or Luehsburg, consists of loose blocks, 
heaped in the most grotesque way, and covered 
with small shrubs and trees. It requires a guide, 
and two hours to see it completely. Refreshments. 

I^OTJOTE 48- 
AugBburg to Ulm. 

(Bayerische Staats Eiseubahn.) 
jjy rail, past the following stations : — 



English 
Augsburg to miles. 

Westheiin 3i 

Gessertshausen 9;^ 

T^fakelschcrhon 16| 

28 

82i 

iwortiu] 




English 
miles. 

GUnzburg zi\ 

Leipheim 40| 

Nersingen 45J 

Nen Ulm 5li 

Ulm 63^ 



[Sec. 3. 

Augsburg (Stat.), as in Route 41. 
Oilnzburg (Stat.), in Swabla. 
Population, 4,000. 
Intl.— Bar. 

A town at the influx of the GUnz into the 
Danube, over which is a four-arched bridge. It 
is the Roman Ounfia, and has a turreted castle 
overlooking the GUnzthal and the surrounding 
scenery. 

Leipheim (Stat.) is passed, with a Castle 
built in the middle of the sixteenth century; thoo 
FcUheitHf the inhabitants of which carry on a large 
trade in snails as far as Vienna. On the other 
side of the Danube is Elchingen^ from which 
Marshal Xey took his title of Duke, which he re- 
ceived in acknowledgment 'of the victory gained 
by him here over the Austrians under Laadon, 
14th October, 1805. He took this place by storm, 
crossed the Danube, and made General Mack 
prisoner in Ulm. 
The last place in the Bavarian territory is 
Neu Ulm (Stat.), on the right bank of the 
Danube, a kind of suburb of Ulm, with large 
barracks. A bridge crosses the river to 

Dim (Stat.), on WUrttemberg territory. See 
Route 54. 

From Ulm a rail runs across the Bavarian 
territory to Memmingen and Kempten, where it 
meets the line from Augsburg (Route 49), toward* 
the Lake of Constance. The stations on this line 
are as follow : — 



Miles. 

Memmingen 38 

[branch toBuctiloe.] 

(jronenbach 41 

Kempteu 65 

for Lindau. 



Ulm to Miles. 

Neu Ulm 2 

Sendcn 8 

Illertissen 15^ 

KeUmUnz 22 

Fellhelm 26 

Memmingen (Stat.), in Swabia. 

Population, 8,400. 
Inn. — Bayrischer Hof. 

A manufacturing town and ancient free city, 
annexed to Bavaria in 1808; standing on a branch 
of the Iller. It has an arsenal and barracks, and 
was the scene of Moreau's victory, 10th May, 1800, 
over the Austrians. The Iller is the boundary of 
WUrttemberg. A direct rail towards Munich was 
\ opened iu \%1\, va.'sV. lYvft\\<A'^\Jftw«\vwsA. ^t Mindel- 
I helm toBuOQlO^(A\a.\i:^,«AVa.lS.wx\AVi. 



Houte 49.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GEHMANY. — ALEXAKDeHSBAD, LINDAU. 



177 



Augsburg to Lindau and Lake of Constance, 
through the Bavarian Highlands 

By rail (Bayerische Staats Eisenbahn); stations 
as under:— 



English 
miles. 
C^aneAtoTTlm^as 
in Route 48.] 

Immenstadt 78 

iBtxmeh to Sonth- 
ofen.] 

Oberstaufen — 

Harbatzhofen 08i 

RSthenbach 96| 

Hergatz 106 

Schlachters 111| 

Lindau. 121] 



English 
miles. 

Bobingen 7 

[Branch to Lands- 
berg.] 
Schwabmiinchen ... 14 

Buchloe 24| 

[Branch to Munich.] 

Kaufbenern 87i 

Biessenhofen 4If 

Branch to Obem- 
dorf.] 

Oiinzach 62^ 

Kempten 64 

AugShurg (Stat.), as in Route 41. 

At the next station, Bcbingen^ a branch goes up 
the Lech to Landsberg, past Lager-Lechfeldy Klo8- 
ter-Lech/dd^ and Kaufering. Landsherg (popu- 
lation t,500) is an old place, which suffered in the 
Thirty Years' War. On the Lechfeld, or plain of 
the Wertach and Lech, Otho I. defeated the Huns, 
A.D. 966. "Wellenburg belongs to the Fugger- 
Babenhausen family. 

Schwabmiinchen (Stat), on the Wertach, 
near the remains of a Roman bridge. Here the 
foot road parts off to MindelTteim, a principality 
given by Joseph I. to Marlborough, after his victory 
at Blenheim. The parish church contains tombs 
of the Dukes of Teck, and George von Frundsberg, 
Charles Vs. General, called the German Bayard. 
One of this family (a branch of the Royal House 
of Wiirttemberg) is the present Duke of Teck, the 
husband of Princess Mary of Cambridge. 

Buchloe (Stat.), where a line from Munich 
and Pasing (see page 148) comes in; 44 English 
miles long from Munich. It passes Bruck and 
Igling, among other stations, and was opened 
1873; thus completing a direct line from Munich 
to Lindau. Another line comes in ftrom Mem- 
mingen, on the Une between Ulm and Kempten, 
as in Route 48. 

Hence across the Wertach, in the AlgSn Valley, 
the Zuggpitz, 9,710 feet high, and other peaks, are 
In view. 

KaufbenraB (Stat; Populatioh, 5,000. 

/mu.— Sonne; HindL 
N 



An old imperial city, on the Wertach, with 
manufactures of paper, Ac. 

Biessenhofen (Stat.), where roads strike off 
to Peissenburg, Fiissen, A;c., in the Highlands. 
Branch rail to Oberdorf, 4 miles. 

Oiinzach (Stat.), the nearest to ObergUni- 

burg. Population, 1,600. /»n.— Stem (Star). 
About 2,770 feet above sea, over the Giinzthal. 
Wagegg Castle, a ruin on a height, is near. 

Kempten (Stat.), in Swabla. Population, 
16,739. /nn«.—AlgauerHof; Krone. 

A large, old, f^e city, the Roman CamjMxfimt/m, 
on the Iller, or valley of the Algaus, here traversed 
by a high railway viaduct. The Cathedral is on 
one hill overlooking the town ; another is topped by 
the ruins of the Burghalde or Castle. The Prince 
Abbot's Schloss is of the eighteenth century. 
Many Roman remains, including a forum. 

Within a short distance are several peaks of the 
Bavarian Highlands, or Algau range; as the 
Grtinten, 6,780 feet high; Hochvogel 8,495 feet* 
and the Madele Oabel, upwards of 8,670 feet, and a 
fine view may be obtained from tho Marienberg, 
2^ miles west from Kempten. 

The line passes through a succession of ravines 
following the Iller to 

Immenstadt (Stat.), near the Tyrol borders, 
and 2,400 feet above the sea. From here it is 70 to 
80 miles to Innsbruck, through the Lecbthal. Rail 
through Sonthofen to Oberstdorf. 

Oberstaufen (Stat.) 

The watershed of the Danube and the Rhine. 

Bdthenbach (Stat.), or Rothenbach by Lindau. 

About 2,150 feet above the sea, near the Renten- 
hofener Damm, a viaduct across the valley, upwards 
of one-third of a mile long. Beyond this the view 
takes in the Lake of Constance and the mountains 
of St. Gall and Appenzell, beyond. 

LINDAU (Stat.) 

Population, 6,600. 

Hotel. — Bavifere. Buffet at station. 

An old imperial city and fort on the LtUce o 
CoMtance (Bodensee), founded by the Romans 
under Tiberius, part of whose old CVuMe, called 
the Heidenmauer, remains. U stands on an isl«iii«L 
united to IVva xBa.Ss!X«sA\s^ ^ ^<sRAsK^>seAs«j«^ "^bA. 



178 



ftUADSllAW's lLLL*St«ATfeD 



[Sec. 3. 



I[:ilbi<r's nioimmont to Maxiuiilinn H., on the 
harbour mole, was erected 185(J. 

Stcaiucrs to Constance, Friedrichshafen, ^re- 
genz, Rorschach, &c., on the Swiss side, in con- 
nection with the rails to Coire, St. Gall, <fcc. Direct 
railway communication is now oi>en between Lindau 
and the Swiss and Austrian Vorarlberg lines, by 
way of St. Margarethen, Feldkirch, <fcc. Sec Brad- 
ihaufs Hand'Book to Switzerland and the Tyrol. 

I^OXJTE BO- 
Munlch to Landshut and Passau. 

By Rail. 
For Munich to Landshut see Route 40. 
Thence to Passau (Bayerische-Ostbahn) ; the 
stations arc as follow : — 



Miles. 

Neufabrn 15 

Geiselhoring 27 

[Branch to SUn- 
ching.] 
Straubing 37 



Miles. 

Plattling 52 

Langenisarhofen... 57^ 

Pleinting 67i 

Vilshofen 71 

Passau 84 



A nearer way to Pilsen is from Landshut vid 
Altheini, Ahrain, Wiirth, Ac, to Landau-am- 
Isar, tbenco through Wallorsdorf and Otzing to 
Plattling. 

1. Plattling to Pilson, over the Austrian Bor- 
der: — 



Miles. 

Deg^cndorf f^ 

(Jotteszell 20J 

R.«gcn 30 

Ludwi.xstha 40 

Eiseustein 4.> ! 

2. Munich to Linz (see page 181), by tho direct 
line: -- 



Miles. 

Grtin 60 

Kliittau 76^ 

Prcstitz 90 

Pilsen 105A 



Miles. 



33 



Miles. 

Miihldorf 53 

[Branch to Lan- 
dau, Plattling, Ac] 

Neiiotting Gl 

Siinbach 77ii 

Linz 145 



Munich (south) .. 

Munich (cast) fi 

Schwaben 19} 

Dorfen 3G 

Schwlndogg 40 

Ampfing 48 

Straubing (Stat.) Population, 13,501. 
y/-).^?^--- Wagner. 

Diligences— See Bradshaic's Continental Guide. 
An old town, the Roman Castra Augusfana, in a 
fertile plain, near the Danube, which is crossed by 
t»>o bridges traversing an island. From one of 
r/icui tho unfortumite wlto of Albert III., Agnes 
li'^niauer, d:iughter of an Aii^shur}^ citizen, was 1 
a, to be drowneain the river, H3G. She la 1 
'- 9t. Peter's Church. St. James's Gothic 1 



Church of the fifteenth (icntary has some paintings 
by Wohlgemuth. The Carmelite or Oymnasivl- 
klrche Church, has a 6nc monument of Albert II. 

Plattlillg (Stat.), on the Isar, at the junction 
of the Miilildorf line, on the soath side of the 
Danube. 

[Branch rail across the Danube, to 

Deggendorf (Stat.), in the Bayrlsche Wald. 

Population, 4,000. It has pottery works and 
breweries. Hence to EiseiLBteiZl (as above) for 
Pilsen (page 234)]. 

Osterhofen (Stat.) 

Here arc extensive remains of a convent, witb 
a handsome church. 

Vilshofen (Stat.) /nn«.— Ochs (Ox) ; Rossel. 

The Roman Villa Quintanica, at the junction of 
the Vils with tho Danube. The bridge commands 
a fine view of the Danube, and the memorial Lion 
to Maximilian I. is seen on a rock to the le't of 
the line. It has a Collegiate Church, founded 1876. 

PASSAU (Stat.) 

PopuLATioy, 16,700. 

Isxs.— Zum Bayrischerhol; Wilder Mann. 

Rail to Ratisbon, Linz, Munich, and Vienna. 

Steamer to Ratisbon, Linz, Ac. 

Diligence to Breitenberg, under the Dreises- 
selgebirgc in the Bayrischer Wald. 

The capital of Lower Bavaria, and an old cathe- 
dral town, at the junction of the Inn and the lit 
with the Danube, on the site of the Roman Castra 
Batava. This is the most beautiful spot on the 
Danube. Ihe Inn and the Danube are respec- 
tively 960 feet and 790 feet broad, rtmnlng between 
high picturesque cliffs, covered with old buildings 
and suggesting a likeness to Coblcntz. The old 
to^vn stands on the Danube and Inn ; the suburb 
of Innstadt, on the west bank of the Inn; that of 
Oberhaus between the Danube and Ilz ; and that 
of Ilzstadt, on the west bank of the Ilz. The 
rivers may be distinguished by three colours: the 
Danube Is greenish; the Inn, white; the Ilz, 
rather black. 

St. Stephens Dom has an old Gothic choir, and 

additions in the old Italian style, with a cupoU, 

&c., made since the fire of 1C52. It contains 

mouumtiwl* ^o ^^.^-^ ^'Q«^ Layning (1414) and 

others, some a'\w\\fe*i^N\^Xv\Sia%xv\v,«sv^^x^fc ^^cvre- 

stowe oi Haws §>\\\c\\\v\^ VVb«l^)^ -^Xvc* -^^^ «wa\^ 



B«iit«B Mand 51.J basd-book «o obrhakV.— i 

armour. On tbe Domplati ti s bronie of 1 
mllUn I., raised 1B3I, liiicribcd "Charts Ma: 

which tb« TVoo/ir 0/ i^xHcu between tho Em 
Ferdinand and Uaniice of Saxonj was a^ 
IGfi2. secnring rellgdong Uberty lo Ibo Preteel 



I, TBADKBIBIK. 



Holrt 


lTf3i 


en (flt&t), near 


he rsTliia called 






ube. 


Diligence 


Benedlclbiuem 


,rtP.i 






89a). He 


1 a ibort bruich 






n*.l, 1 


74. 10 T611 (8tat.>. In a Hoe 




leh 




Highland.. 


(SeeBoDteSSa.) 


Aiming (Stat.) 












. /m.— 3c: 




ThB 








Mangfall. near 


Uchl 


q(;o 


□mnt 


the Virgin 


crocWdbjQneen 



The RaJhhifutia partly of 



nclpally In 



prison. tM feet high. Another pc 
P/lgrim CTsrcft on MaHaMIJtfrsi, 
bridge ID Iniietadt. Hals Caatle. sue 



ROTJTE SI. 



I, I EndolftStatJnuTlbe 

,r i Prten (Stat.) From he 

I Block, on the Chlemsei 



Hidammhen it 

[A-oiUkei tn Sdilter- 

•ee and TUIx.] 
Albling. M 

[BranrA to Hanlch 
(MGraOng.tbedl- 
r«M male. Hm. 



it migniacently fitted DC 



[Bnnch lo Relchen 
btdl m 

IBraath to Hallein, 
I paiaes hy JHttBTMIlll- 
ig Chnrch, which haa 






»-««jH 



180 



BRADSUAW's ILLUSTRAtBD 



[860.8. 



There is a large and well-arranged bathing 
establishment and Pension. 

From here it is about 14 miles tu Keichenhall by 
a fine road ascending the hills, with the Tyrolese 
heights in view. Bat the shortest way is by a 
branch rail from 

FreilaSBlng (Stat.), farther on, the last sta- 
tion in Bavaria. 

[Keichenhall (Stat.), in Bararla. 

Population, 3,000. English Church Service. 

Zfofe/j.-- Hotel and Villas Berkcrt; Loaisenbadf 
first-class hotel, and excellent accommodation, 
with moderate charges; Hotel Achselmannstein. 
Kartaxe after 7 days' stay, 15 marks. 

A salt town and watering place, in a healthy 
mountain valley, on the Saale or Saalach, mostly 
rebuilt since the fire of 1834. About 15,000 invalids 
and visitors come here in the season to take the 
brine baths. Kurhaus, reading-room, and every 
accommodation. Reichenhall is in the centre of 
four Bavarian salt works; the brine being con- 
ducted along troughs of wood and iron, is pumped 
from a depth of 50 feet, to the boiling and gradua- 
tion works ; and thence it runs down to Traunstein 
and Rosenheim, at a lower elevation. The surplus 
brine from Berchtesgaden is also brought down 
to this place by a conduit, which winds through 
the mountains, and is about 30 miles long, passing 
the Ramsau and other beautiful spots. 

Rail, llf miles, through Hallthurm to 

Berchtesgaden, in Bavaria. 

ynns.— Leuthaus; Neuhaus. 

A beautiful spot, with a castle formerly belong- 
ing to the Prince Bishop, now the summer Palace 
of the King of Bavaria. It is noted for carvings 
in wood, ivory, and bone, of great excellence. 
Salt works and saline baths. Here the sunrise and 
sunset effects on the Watzmann and other peaks 
of the Bavarian Alps are seen to great advantage. 

The EonigS-See, close by, is a mountain lake, 
the finest in Geriuany, 6 miles long, and shut in 
by overhanging peaks 6,000 to 9,000 feet high. 
Another name for it is Lake St. Bartholomew^ from 
a hunting castle of that name, near the little inn 
at the foot of the Watzmann, a mountain covered 
rrHb glBciera. Excellent salmon-trout are to be 
Aad at the inn, where boats may be hired for 
'^^fiV the Schn^bticb/alf, th. EiicpoUe, and 



other sights. Stag and chamois hunts take pUee 
when the Court resides here. The Ballet Alp 
divides the KSnigssee from the Ober»ee or Upper 
Lake. A narrow pass al<Mig the course of the little 
rivulet Alba, between the Unterberg and Hoheo 
Gohl, leads over the Austrian boundary. The 
Unterberg is 6,000 feet high, and has a care fai 
which according to an old prophecy, Charles Y. is 
said still to sleep till the day -vrhen Garmany 
shall reach its highest pitch of prosperity.] 

From Frcilassing (above) the line crosses the 
Saalach to 

Salzhnrg (Stat.), on Austrian gronnd. 

Population, 27,741. 

Hotels.— De V Europe; d'Antriche; Nelboeck; 
Erzherxog Carl, Ac. 

A beautifully situated city, mostly rebuilt after 
frequent fires. The Residois Plats, with the 
HofbrunMn in the centre, is the principal point fn 
the old town. Here are the 17th century 
Residenz ^chloss, the Ncubau (Qovemment Build- 
ings), and the fine Cathedral, a miniature copy of 
St. Peter* 8, at Rome. The Mosart Museum, St. 
Peter's Cemetery, the Carolino-Augustenm, the 
fortress of Hohen-Salzbnrg (fifteenth century), are 
the principal attractions. Mozart was bom here 
1756, in the house No. 7, (Jetreidefrasse, whldi 
contains the Museum (fee, 50 kr.); the house in 
wliich he lived is in Makart-platz. From the 
AcMeitners-Thurm, on the Mon^utherg^ and also 
from the Nonnberg and the Caputinerberg^ vtrj 
fine and extensive views are obtained. 

Munich to Llnz.— For stations and diatanoes, 
see Route 50, No. 2. 

Schwahen (Stat.); from which a branch to 
Erding, eight miles long, was opened 1879. 
Schwaben is the nearest station for 

Hohenllnden, on the Isar, the scene <tf the 
battle of the 3rd Deo., 1800, when Morean defeated 
the Austrians and Bavarians under Archduke 

John ; and celebrated in CampbelPs linos: 

•' On Linden when the sun was low." 

Ampflng (Stat.) — Between this and Htthl- 
dorf, the next station, Ludwig of Bavaria 
defeated Friedrich of Austria at the Hirschhnh- 
wiese, 28th Sept., 1322, and took him prisoner. 
A memoTVa\ c\k».^c\ %\AXkdA «X ^Vaao&Misb^ uai^r 
Ajnpftns. BftT» i\ao XXx^'&^ mN i a fc yVft^^ ^^w^gi^ 



Rofute 51.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GBBMANT. — BBICHBMALL, IXHZ, 



181 



was defeated by the Archdukes Heinrich and 
Ludwig of Bavaria, and 5,000 Bohemians were 
drowned in crossing the Inn, by the giving way of 
the bridge. 

NeutfttlBg (Stat.), near 

Altdttlng, a favourite place of pilgrimage, 
oh the high road from Munich to Linz. At the 
WaUfahrtskirche is a richly endowed shrine, con- 
taining a blaclc image of the Virgin, under which 
are preserved relics of many Bavarian princes. 
It has been visited by distinguished pilgrims, from 
Charlemagne and Otto von Wittelsbach to Pope 
Pius VI., whoso names are engraved on bronze 
tablets. In a vault is the leaden sarcophagus of 
Ttlly, the Catholic leader in the Thirty Years' War, 
(with an inscription on the gravestone, beginning, 
** Johannes Tzerklas, Comes ab Tilly, Generalis- 
simus Ligns, &c.") who died at Ingolstadt, 1632, of 
wounds received in the battle on the Lechfeld. His 
clothes are still preserved, somewhat faded in colour. 

The frontier custom-houses are at Slmbach 
and Braunau (Stats.), whence it is 65 miles to 
Linz. 

I^OTJTE 61 — Continued. 
From Salzburg to Linz and Vienna. 

The stations are as follow: — 



English 
Salzburg to miles. 

Strasswalchen 18^ 

Frankcnmarkt 28 

Redl 32§ 

Vocklabruck 39^ 

Attnang 42 

IBrancJi to Ischl.] 

Schwancnstadt 42| 

Lambach 53| 

[Branch to 
Traunfell ... 0* 
Gmiiuden ... 19] 

Gunskirchen 51 

[Branch from Pas- 
sau: — 
Scheerding.. 9| 

Kiedau 25}] 

[Branch from 
Simbach and 
Munich.] 
Grieskirchen 89| 

Wels 51] 

Wels 60i 



English 
miles. 

Linz 77 

[Branch to Bud weis.] 

Kleinmtinchen 79} 

Enns 86} 

[BrancA to Steyer.] 
St. Valentin 90 



I 



St. Peter 102_ 

Amstetton 116| 

[Branch to Wcyer, «fcc.] 

Kemmelbach 125} 

PSchlarn 135| 

[Branch to 

Gaming 23] 

Melk 139f 

Loosdorf 144| 

St. Polten 156 

[Branch to Schrambach 
and Loobersdorf.] 

Neulengbach 167f 

Purkersdorf 184 

Penzing 190 

Vienna 192^ 



Salzburg. See Bradshauf's Hand-Book to 
Switzerland and Tyrol, and Note* /or Travellers in 
the Tyrol. 



Abbey, and a Pilgrimage Church dedicated to the 
Trinity. A branch line to Omilnden and iBCbl. 

Wels (Stat.) Here the line from Paisau and 
Ratisbou, down the Danube, falls in, and is 
continued to Linz and Vienna. 

LINZ (Stat.) 
Population, 47,5G0; with Urfahr, 55,000. 
Hotels.— Erzherzog Karl; Neubauer; Goldner 
Adler. 

Cab from station to the town, 1 horse, 60 kr. : 
2 horses, Ifl. Steamer to Regensberg. 

The Roman Lentium, and the capital of Upper 
Austria (Ober-Oesterreich), in a fine spot, on 
the right bank of the Danube, fortified since 1832, 
when the Archduke Maximilian built a circle of 
twenty to thirty bastions and forts, on the most 
commanding points. An iron bridge, 980 feet long, 
connects the town with the Urfahr Suburb, on 
the opposite bank. In the Franz-Josefs-Platz is 
the Trinity Column, built by Charles VI., 1723. The 
fine Promenade is near the Laudhaus and the 
Theatre. The i{a/AAat/< was built 1414. The house 
No. 894 is the oldest building in the town, 1098. 

The Domkirche was built 1670, by the Jesuits.. 
The old Stadtpfarrkirche dates from 1286. St. 
Matthias, belonging to the Capuchins, has the 
tomb of the celebrated General Montccucnli (1680), 
a leader in the Thirty Years' War. Kear theZancf- 
hau9, in which the Provincial States assemble, is 
a National Museum, containing Roman antiquities, 
old weapons, portraits, works of art, and coins. 

The SchJosi (Castle), situated on an elevated 
spot, in which the Emperor Leopold resided when 
the Turks besieged Vienna, 1683, is now partly a 
Provinzial Strafhaus and barrack. The Lyceum 
has a Library of 32,000 volumes, and 600 early 
printed books. 

The Freinherg Tourer, near the Capuchin C^hurch 
and the bridge, is used as a Jesuit College, and U 
close to a small church in the Byzantine style. 
The view from hence of the valley of the Danube, 
and of the fine chain of mountains, is splendid. 
Ladies not admitted. Anot her fine view is obtain ^'* 
by walking hence (good level roi 
tain inn of Ja^«rmat(i\ ^^«x^ ^3^j^ 



IsualMCJi (AToM Bosal) contnina a BenedlcUtift \ Tttiwcv*^^\w Vcv \Vt ^iNjtfw* 



ne view is obtain^ 



182 



„» 



BEADttUAW ILLC^TKAJED 



rSee.3. 

prospects from the Fdntimgbery (1.7M feet), on ' Keidien (1Ucli)orUpptt,aiidtheTllbiiifforGertMr 
the other aide of the Daoabe. near the Pilj^Tinuige . (Leather). 

Church : and from the Mafirthilena Church about . In the old Town, near the markat idaoe, the 

S miles to the north of Crfahr. hooses are timbered and in narrow atreets; the 

Amttetten fStat.) Here a branch of 99 Eng- rest of the town is regular and well bnilt. The 

1l4h miles was opened, 1873, to WeyOT and Kl«lll two best streets. KonigStraueandNeckar Strasse. 



Belfllng. 
yienna. 



Hee Rente 65. 



KINGDOM OF WURTTEMBERG. 



run panllel to each other in the direction of the 
Schloss Garden. The Schloas Platz is the centre 
point of the city. 

The Old 8cli:ou, or Palace (Altes SchloasX built 

1570. is an irregular quadrangle, with round 

8TUTT0AET.— PopuLATiox (ITOOX 139.M». ' comer towers, and looking like a citadel. It is 

Hotels.— Marquardt, adjoining the Railway . »m>w turned into Government offices. The ditch in 

Station, a splendid house, highly recommended. , "^^^^^ bears and stags were kept is now filled up, 

gee Adyt. ' ^^ich lessens the apparent height of the building. 

Royal, near the stotlon; Sllber; OberpoUingcr; ^^ **»« SchiUer PUtz, in front of it, is 



Textor; Weber. 
Pennon Ruthling, 31, Olgastrassc. 
Restaurant. —Marqnardt. 
Resiokxt Ekglish CHARot d'Affaibes. 
Post Office, near the railway station and palace. 



Schiller's Statue, of bronze, 14 feet high, by 
Thorwaldsen; erected 9th May, 1839, by public 
subscription on the anniversary of his death, 1805. 
He was bom at Marbach on the banks of the Neckar. 

The new Palace, or Resident Sehlou, in Schloss 



KxGLiSHCHirRCH Service at the English Church. I Platz, is the greatest ornament of Stuttgart. It was 



Droschkieb (fare.s inside the vehicles). One 
quarter hour, one horse, two persons, 60pf.; 3 to 
4 perfons, 80pf. By the hour, 1 to 2 persons, 
1 m. 80pf.; 3 to 4 persons, 2 m. lOpf. Rail to 
Munich, Heilbronn, Bruchsai, Carlsrahe, Heidcl- 
burjf, ikc. 

Stuttgart, the c.i])italof Wiirttenil)crg. and seat 
of the (Jourt. Ir, for the most part, a modem city, 
its chief buildings havo been erected in the present 
century, since its rulers obtained the kingly 
dignity. 

The (/ounts of VVllrttombcrg began to reside here 
1320; the first duke, Evorard the Bearded (died 
148 5), was so created by the Emperor Maximilian; 
and the lant duke was made klnj by the grace of 
Napoleon In 180i*. 

It was fortified 1280; and »tan<la about 900 feet 
above the Hea. In a beiuitlful valley, watered by the 
Nesenbach about two miles fnmi the Neckar, sur- 
rounded by hills c«)vored with gardens, vineyards, 
orchartls, and woodland, whit h are seen at the end 
of cvcr>' street. Living is cheap hero*, and the 
situation la a convenient one for the Khlne, 
^witxerland, Tyrol, *c. 

Thejoirn consists of the Altstadt, or old Town, 



begun 1 746, finished 1806, and consists of acentreand 
side wings, enclosing a large court, adorned with 
metal statues of ths supporters of the Wtirttemberg 
arms, a Hun and stag. Here also is Hofer^s eques- 
trian statue of Eberhard, or Everard the Bearded, 
tlie first duke of the royal line, erected 1859, by 
the late King William, who died 1864. Thta is the 
good duk<), who boasted that he could safely fall 
asleep in his forests, when others were obliged to 
keep to their castles. On the Platz in front is 
a Jubilee Column, 60 feet high, to the late king, 
erected 1841, on the 26th anniversary of his reign. 
He promoted most of the modem improvements 
in his capital. The Column bears reliefs by 
Wagner; at the base are allegorical statues by 
Ilofer, and It stands between two fountains. 
which arc adorned by figures, by Kopp, repre- 
senting the Main, the Naab, the Saale, and 
the Eger. the principal rivers of Wilrttcmberg. 
The porch of this Schloss is a cupola, adomed 
with a colossal Crown. Its '* 365 " rooms include 
the Marble Room and others, containing good 
pihitings, statuary, vases, china, &c., including 
Danncckcr's Venus. Thorwaldsen's Bacchus. 
Cftuova' aO\aA\«i\.at ,§«i%W* \i«.U.lc pieces, and other 



T^ c illod the t;s$linp or Outer, the t^c^*xlT^* o? axv, IV ««k\^"!> ^>»».\s.\3ftjfe ^^^ 



Koute 52.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GEEMANY.— STUTTGART. 



183 



Napoleon. Several rooms are painted with 
frescoes of early Wiirttemucrg history, by Gegen- 
baucr. The king's private Library is now in the 
Academy dlning-hall. The large Theatre adjoins 
tlie Palace. Behind it is tlio old Akademie, now 
occupied as dwellings of the officers attached to 
the court, and connected with the LeibstcUl^ or 
Koyal Stable. The beautiful Gardens extend hence 
to Cannstatt. 

The Palace of the Royal Princesses (Priuzcssin 
Palais) is in the Neckar Strasse. 

The Prinzenbau, in the Old Schloss Platz, a 
handsome building in the Italian style, is the 
residence of the Crown Prince. The Konigsbau Is 
a large pile, 445 yards long, built 1856-GO, by 
Leins. It has an Ionic portico of 26 columns, and 
contains the £.Kchange and Concert Room. 

Adjoining the Konigsbau is another new Schloss. 
or Palace, built (1753) in the Italian style, the 
residence of the Cro>vn Prince. It has a picture 
gallery, including the Weisse Frau- or White Ladj--, 
who murdered her children for love of Albert of 
Brandenburg. Near it are the Kanzlei (Govern- 
ment Offices), and the MinisteriumdesAuswartlgen. 

There arc six or seven Churchex: St. Mary 
Magdalene, or the Stndtkirclu:, is Gothic, built 
1435-46, and contains old tombs of the Margraves, 
and a modem painting by Riedel (a native), of 
St. Peter healing the Paralytic Man. 

Holy Trinity, or the Hauptkirche, is also Gothic, 
rc-built 1614, after the fire. It has oil paintings. 

The ScMosskirche^ re-built 1758, in the Italian 
style, has a painted ceiling, and the tombs of 
Margrave Friedrich and his Wife, the sister of 
Frederick the Great. Its eight-sided tower was 
built 1603. In front of it is Bruggor's statue of 
Maximilian II,, erected 1860. 

The Sti/tskirche (for Protestants), near the Old 
Schloss and Schiller's statue, is a handsome Gothic 
building, erected 1436-90, and restored by Heideloff. 
It has two unfinished towers, one 200 feet high, 
with reliefs of Christ and the Apostles. It contains 
new painted windows, by Noher, several good 
paintings, and about u dozen effigy tombs of the 
Old Counts of Wlirttembcrg, with one of Count 
Albert of Hohcnlohc-Langcnberg. 

The SpUatlfirche \s oJd mu\ worth notice, buVU 



1471. It stands in Fuchsen Strasse, and has the 
model of a Christ, by Dannecker; with several 
interesting tombs, especially that of Reuchlin, the 
friend of Melanchthon, in the cloister. 

St. Leonhardtskirche^ built 1470-75, is in Haupt- 
stadter Strasse. Before it is a Mount of Olives, 
cut in stone, a curious work of art, much decayed. 
Near the station is the KathoUschekirche, built 1611 
and having on the high altar a beautiful pahithig 
by Dieterich. At the llofkirche is an altar-piece 
by Hetsch. The Englischekirche has some finely 
stained windows worth notice. 

The Royal Marstall, or Stud, is 840 feet long, 
near the station. The Chambers meet at the 
Stdndehaus, which has a hall in the shape of an 
amphitheatre, rebuilt 1819. In Hirsch Strasse 
is the Town Hall, or Rathhaus, built 1456, 
restored 1825. The Cavah-y Barracks, near 
Konigsthor, were built 1840-5. An extensive 
Infantry Barrack was built 1828-42, on the site of 
the old Post Office, and is large enough to hold 
8,000 men. The Mint is in Neckar Strasse. 

Museum of Fine Arts (der Bildcnden Kiinste) 
is a square buildhigwith wings, opposite the Mint, 
in Neckar Strasse. Open (partly) four days 
a-week; free. In the Court is an Equestrian 
Statue of King William I. 

On the ground-floor are casts of the best statues, 
such as Niobe, Venus de Medici, Laocoon, Apollo 
Belvedere, <fec., with casts of Thoi-waldsen's 
works (presDnted by himself), and of the works of 
Damiecker, Schwanthaler, &c. 

In the rooms above are 700 Pictiires, arranged 

in Schools, including the Swabian, Italian, Ac, 

ending with modem artists. Among these arc : — 

Titian's Magdalene and Portrait of Andrea 

Doria. G. Bellini's Pieta. Giulio Romano's 

Madonna della Seggiola. Pordonone's Judith 

with the Head of Holofemes. P. Vecchio's 

Madonna and Saints. Fra Bartolommeo's 

Coronation of the Virgin. A. del Sarto's 

Holy Family. Murillo's Portrait of a Boy. 

Vandyck's Portrait of Snydcrs and his 

Family. B Zeitt.lom's Visitation (Swabian). 

L. Cranach's Portrait of a Woman. Modern 

Pictures by Schick, Langer, Rottmann, 

Nehcr., R\<il^«L\^¥L%^^\^^\^R^.v^x^!\'i"C»^^^^ • 

TVvft Ro»^ai L>v«oJ^^^>^\^^•^'^v^^^^"^'*''^^*'*^'^ 



184 



BBADSHAW S ILLUSTBATED 



[Sec. 3. 



ia open ten to twelve and two to fire. It contains 
500,000 volumes, including 2,400 early printed books, 
and an extensive collection of 9,000 Bibles in eighty 
different languages, comprising 4,000 various 
editions; also Collections of Coins, Art, and 
Antiquities; a curious astronomical clock, by 
Habn ; and an equally curious map of WUrttem- 
berg, etched in marble. In the same building, 
collection of WUrttemberg antiquities, very in- 
teresting from a historical point of view. 

Close to the Royal Infirmary, the visitor will find 
the Archive* and Cabinet of Natural Objects, both 
in one building; the latter divided into Botanical, 
Zoological, Anatomical, and Mineralogical sections. 
Open daily, 11 to 12 and 2 to 3. Sundays, 11 to 1 
and 2 to 4, Wednesday and Saturday, 2 to 4. 
The Gymnasium has a collection of physical and 
mathematical Instruments, and an Observatory. 
The Musterlager, or Industrial Museum, is at the 
Legion Barrack. Free. 

Katharinen Stiftyr&s founded 1818, for daughters 
of the higher classes, by the Emperor Alexander's 
sister, the Duchess of Oldenburg, afterwards 
Queen of Wiirttcmberg ; who died 1819. The 
WaisenhauSy or Orphan Asylum, is a large build- 
ing near the Prinzessin Palais. 

The former AU^enplatz is now the Stadtgarten or 
Town Park; and has been greatly improved by the 
houses erected there, by the members of the Poly- 
technicum (for Architects) and Baugewcrkeschule 
(School for the Building Trade). The latter build- 
ing is a handsome Italian quadrangle on one side of 
a square; the othe!r sides of which are occupied 
by the Polytechnicum, making a long pile; the 
Kriegbergstrasse ; and the Trades' Hall (Gcwer- 
behalle). Several groups of model houses, in 
fours, have been erected for postal and railway 
employes. The new Courts of Justice have a 
Grecian front on a rustic base, 330 feet long. 

Caf^ Marquardt was formerly Danneckcr's 
studio. Dannecker was bom here 1758, his father 
being a groom in the duke's stables. He went to 
school with Schiller, and died in 1841, in his native 
city. Wagner was his pupil; his Ariadne is at 
Frankfort. G. W. Hegel, the philosopher, was 
iforn here, 1770. 

Tbo 'Se/t/M^grar/e/i, extending from the Palace 
' ^^* ^^^s-/i^s of Cannatatt, is a bcfluflful Park, 



with a botanical garden, orangery, and trees 
upwards of 300 years old. In the middle are two 
groups of statuarj' by Hofer— the Horse-tamers, or 
P/erde Bdndiger, and the Rape of Hylas. At the 
further end, near the suburb of Berg, is 

Bosenstein, the king's summer residence, built 
1823-9, in the Grecian style, containing many good 
pictures, and one of Dannecker's finest works, the 
Cupid and Psyche; with painted ceilings by Gegen- 
bauer and Dietrich. A Moorish tower, called 
WUhdma, built by the late King William, is seen 
below. Tickets at the KSnigsbau in the city. 
Fine view of the valleys on either side; one 
towards the capital, the others over the Neckar, 
towards Cannstadt and the Rothenberg. On the 
top of the latter, 1,350 feet high, on the site of 
the first castle of the WUrttemberg house, is a 
round Grecian Chapel, built 1824, over the grave 
of Queen Katharina. It contains the four Evan- 
gelists in Carrara marble, by Dannecker, after 
Thorwaldsen's designs. 

The RoycU Villa (tickets asabove),oppo3ite Rosen- 
stein, has an equally splendid view of the valley of 
the Neckar, Stuttgart, Ac, and is decorated inside 
by native artists. Other objects of notice are the 
Solitude, a deserted Palace, built in the last 
century ; and another at HoJienheim, built 1768, now 
a model farm. 

The Wtirttombergische Staatsbahn, on to Fried- 
richshafcn on the Lake of Constance, follows the 
valley of the Neckar, through Cannstatt, &c. It 
was finished 1850. 

Cannstatt (Stat.) Population, 20,267. 

HoTRL. — Hotel Hermann. 

An old towii on the Neckar, in the suburbs of 
Stuttgart, at the end of the Schloss Garten, and of 
a railway tunnel, two-thirds of a mile long. It is 
a beautiful spot, much frequented for its mineral 
waters and bathing-houses on the river. The 
Springs number between thirty and forty, are 
chiefly saline and tepid, nu(.l useful in stomach com- 
plaints, hyiwchondria, (fee. The best spring is WB- 
helmsbrunncn, near the Kursaal, on the Sulzerrain. 

The Sprudcl is at Berg, on the opposite side of 
the river, above which rises the king's villa, built 
by Leins, 1853. Lodgmgs are plentifnland moderate, 
and the \ift\ia\ ic^owxci^i* lox V\A\st^ w:<t at hand. 
There H »\w w\ <i%<i<i\\w\. CixV\\^\j«i^\<i\x«k\.\VQ\Vst.^ 



Koute 52a.] hand-book to gbbmany. — stuttgabt, ludwiobbubg. 



185 



with another for diseases of the skin. The Keckar 
is navigable from here down to the Rhine. The 
excursions and walks embrace Rosenstein and 
Hopenheim, already mentioned, the Borgholz, 2^ 
miles, with a fine view up the Neckar, the Solitude, 
a hunting park with wild animals, Waiblingen, 
Stetten, and other attractive spots. 

Several engagements were fought here on the 
16th and 25th of June, 1796, between Moreau and 
Archduke Charles. A Yolksfest, or agricultural 
festival, takes place on 28th September. 



Stuttgart to LudwlgBburg, Heilbionn, 
Heidelberg, Osterburken, and Wtinbiirg. 

By railway (Wiirttembergische Staatseisenbahn) 

as follows: — 



Miles 
Stuttgart to 

Feuerbach S 

IBranch to Weil-der- 
Stadt, in BUck 
Forest. Route 66] 
ZufTenhauscn (tun- 
nel, 2,000 feet) 5| 

Ludwigsburg 7| 

Asperg 10 

Bictigheim (buffet) 14 

^Branch to Bruch- 

sal, Carlsruhe, & 

Wildbad,in Black 

Forest, Route 66] 

Bietigheim to 

Besigheim Si 

Kirchheim 7| 

Lauffcn (tunnel, 

2,000 feet) 10§ 

Heilbronn (buffet) ... 18 
[Branch to Hall and 
Grailsheim.] 

Neckarsulm 21 

Kochendorf 24 

Jagstfeld 26 

[Branch to Wiirz- 
burg.] 

Stuttgart, as hi Routfl 52. 

Ludwigsburg (Stat.) Population, 17,897 . 

Inns. — Waldhom; BUr; Post. 

A garrison town, capital of Neckar province, in 
a beautiful part of the Neckar, founded 1706, by 
Duke Eberhard Ludwig (Louis), from whom it 
derives its name, " Louis's town," and enlarged by 
his successor, Duke Charles, or Karl, who gives 
name to Karl strasse, the principal street, above a ' 
mi)o }ong. 
Thh Is the Ijend-qmrters of the Wttrtteiuberg 



Miles. 
Untergrlesheim... 28 

Ztlttlingen 86 

MUckmuhl 39 

Adelsheim 47 

[Branch to Hei- 
delberg.] 

Osterbiu'ken 49 

Eubigheim 56 

Konigshofen 68J 

[Brouieh toCrails- 
heim.] 

Lauda 70^ 

[BranchtoWert- 
hcim.] 

Wittighausen 80 

Geroldhausen 87^ 

WUrzburg 97^] 

Jagstfeld to Heidel- 
berg as follows: - 

Babstadt 82 

Steiusfurth 40 

Sinzheim 42 

Meckesbeim 48 

Neckargemilnd 64 

Heidelberg 60J 



Army, and it has an arsenal and cannon foundry, 
with a garrison of about 6,000 men. Strauss, author 
of *'The Life of Jesus,'* was bom here. 1808. 

The large Schloss, or Palace, joined to the town 
by a park and avenues of trees, is a handsome 
edifice, consisting properly of sixteen buildingrs in 
imitation of Versailles. It contains a gallery of 
the German and Dutch schools ; and a series of 
family portraits of theWUrttemberg Royal Family, 
from the first Duke, Eberhard the Bearded, in the 
Familien Gallerie. In the Schlossgarten is the 
tomb, by Dannecker, of Count von Zeppelin, 
erected by King Frederick to the memory of a 
favourite minister. 

The EmichOmrg, so 'called from Count Emich, an 
ancestor of the royal house, is an artificial ruin, 
with a collection of old weapons and implements. 
It commands a beautiful view. 

The StadtJtirehe, in the Market Place, faces a 
statue of the founder of the town ; and Karlsplatz 
has an obelisk to Duke Charles. 

The park extends towards Bietigheim, past 
the Favorite hunting seat, to another royal 
country seat called Seegut, or MonrepoSy which 
contains a Sappho by Dannecker. Hohen-Asperg^ a 
fortress, two miles distant, is a state prison, on a 
rock 1,000 feet high, in which the poet Schubart 
was confined two years. 

Bietigheim (Stat.) Rail through Marbach 
to Backnang on the Hall-Stuttgart line. 

Hero the lino to Bruchsal (35 miles) turns off, 
past VaUllngen, a beautiful spot on the Enz; 
lEaulbronn, and its fine Abbey Church; and 
Bretten, wlicro Melanchthon was bom 1497. 

Marbach a. MeCkar, where the small house 
in which Schiller w&s born, 1759, is shown; now 
faced by a statue of the poet. He went to school 
at Ludwigsburg, under Jalm, and wrote his 
"Robbers" here. 

Besigheim (Stat.) 

/iMM.— Sonne; Waldhom. 

A small place where the Enz and Necluur Join, 
on a rocky hill, with remains of two Roman or 
mediaeval towers. Neckar wine is grown on the 
Schalkstein, facing the town. Michelsbeiv 
stand* l,*iftQ lt^\.\vMgeL. '«»^-^«eL^ 






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</l<l i<mM«'(| tioiiM'* nii'l fitf <->iiir('ti'-4. 

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hiM-ly oirviMl iiltiir |>l''''<^ of wkkI, by Tilmann 
llh-iiiMiM liM«til<-r- 

'Mm- llnlhhiiut iii\\U%\i\^ tiiHtiy mrn (l<H;iiiiifiitii; 
iiiM'iiiy wlilrli, (in* Ni-v<Tiil l'it|iiit ImiIIm, IcttiTN liy 
I nin/. Will H|i kliiK<'<ii "f Hii' HcforiiiHiioiiiTH, and tt 
i|f fliiiiiiloiior wiir,wrHi<-iiliy (h'iIxvoii ItcrllrliiiiKf^ii 
(llii> li«'io iif (illr||ii<'N Ntiiry), wlilrli lie Hciit to the 
(ii(\ii llfliii( i-ii|iiiir<Ml Ki'i/i, lie wiiN conliiKMi intho 
ltt,lt» I'hurm ( riili<\i'n' Towi-r) nr (iiit/.«'iiN Thuriii, 
^nIiIi li mIIII ii'IiihIiin. Aiiollirr ri>ll«' Ntlirold Com- 
iiitiiiili'iv of iIk* 'I'lMiliMili* KiiIkIiIh, or lh'ut»ehe% 
//•IH4, iii'iir to ^^llll■ll In llio KcNinurant xtiiii 
liiMit"i<lii<ii lliMKo, In wlili'li t'liiirlPH V. oiioo H|i<*nt 
Miin» Miii'kn III till' ('iMiiolri',> tit ili«« toiuliof lli'rr 
\\\\\ ltinit«rnluiMon, u \iin-«tiM-pli> o liy l>iinii(>««kcr. 
All olit Oipliiiii lloiiii'lint liiM«i( ivMtiti-odaH u PhNi m< 

lli'lltiioiiii l)ii'« w >Mi.Mt tnido 111 %vtm\ iVo.. luuoh 
ti««lltlrtli'd t>> \\w W tlt\vtiii« rniinl, o|H«nod IS'.M. 
»IUHtliiu« Koit»oi, iiuiliiM-ot ">*»'horln%on l*n»vt>!»t,*' 
\\\\^\\ tlOM» l'l»»» H»vM \li»w of Urmii>»«n Niid of 
\\\^ \ lm«\ Attt^||^|^l<K»k«r In ol^latut'il fi>MU tho 
io\^vi on tl^^^m^^^ NitTtttH'r);, \^liorc th^f 



*£ri=.r. «i:h sajnIiMTcns of Epsom aalf*. 
Ex*-:u^ir.« to tb* Korfaer and Jagst TaDe]^ 
l:^:: ;o HaII and Crailfli^iiB. 
Fr-jim H*:i:bnofm the nc-xt itation i» 

Veckarsolm 'Statw), a: the jiuiction uftk 
?faliu and N<rrkar. near an old Coaunaudery of thi 
T«ut<*iii(- Kniiriitf. 

Jagstfeld, or Jaxtfi^ld (Stat.) Here b i 

i *aUfio Rath. Branch line to Xeckarelz. Hen 
' thf IhU'S from Stattspardt to Berlin, via HaBM, 
and to WUrzlianr. turn nlT. 

[At Friedricludiall, on the Kochcn a tro«i,'h 
tlircf* miles loiifr mns to salt woiks, -wliich prodoce 
, 7,0^X) to 8,(KK) tons yearly.] 

At Ingelfingen, »n the Kocher, arc t«« 
I cantlcH of the I*rinccs of Hohonlohc In^lting^n- 
I 8c-hoiithaI. on the Jaxt. At the church of the 
old CiHterclan Convent is a monument of Gotx 
voii lierlichin^cn, the Knight of tbo Iron Hand, 
whoHC ruined Oantle lies to the south-west. His 
native place, Jaxthauxen, has three castles; in ooe 
are the iron hand and some Roman antiquities. 

At Wimpfen (Stat.), on the Ncckar, belonr- 
ing to Hesse, arc the salt ivorks of Ijudwi^all 
and Clenienshall, with two old churches; that on 
the hill (Am Derjr) 1>ein? the site of the Ronurn 
<Wm«7iV». destroyed hy Attila. 
Slnihelm (Stat.\ in naden. 
rori'L.VTioN. .S.i)no. 

Init*, PfalxerHof; DreiKunigv; Post. 

A town in the KIscnz valley, once the scat oi ■ 

rloh Ahlwy. the eijrht-sitlcd Tower of which it in 

irtHxi preservation, dating: probably fn>m Mrtf9. A' 

AVeller Schl»»»!t (three mik»^ Turenue defeated tb 



Koute 53.] 



Heidelberg. 

Belgium and the Rhine. 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — HEILBRONN, CRAILSHEIM. 
See Bradsftaw's liand-Book to 



187 



Stuttgart to Hall, Crailsheim, and Wllrz- 

burg. 



English 
miles. 
(1) Stuttgart to 

Cannstadt 2^ 

Waiblingen 8 

Winnenden 14 

Backnang 19 

Oppenweiler 23 

Sulzbach on the 

Murr 26i 

Mnrrhardt 29} 

Thence to 
Hall (on Heilbronn f 
and Grailsheimline). 
[Hall toOehringen 
2<« k. Heilbronn 53.] 
Hall to 

Sulzdorf. r>8 

Eckartshausen 65 

Crail8heim(8eeNo.2) 71 

Wallhansen 77 

Roth-am-See 80 



Miles. 

Blanfelden 8ft 

Schrozberg 89 

Niederstetton 95 

Weikersheim 101 

Mergcntheim ^....108 

Edelfingen 110 

Kunigshanfen 113 

[Branch to Heilbronn] 

Lauda t04| 

GrUnsfold 117 

Wittighauscn 123 

Gcroldhausen 134 

Hcldingsfeld 13r 

WUrzburg 141 

(2) Crailshcim to 
Dombtlhl 15 

[Branch to Feucht- 
wangcn, page 166.] 

Ansbach 29^ 

Heilsbronn 40^ 

Nuremberg 57 



Stuttgart and Cannstadt, see Route 52. 
Waibllngen (Stat.) Pop., 3,100. inn.— rost. 

An ancient town in the fertile valley of the 
Bcms, which belonged to Conrad, Duke of Suabia, 
afterwards Emperor as Conrad III., of the Hohen- 
staufen line. In the battle of Weinsberg, 1140, 
between him and his rival, on the "Welf or "Wolf 
8!de, Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, his follow- 
ers used the battle crj' of Hie Waiblingen^ "Hurrah 
for Waiblingen." These two names of Welf and 
Waiblingen afterwards took the forms of Ouelph 
and Ghibeline In Italy; the latter represcnthig 
the Imperial side as opposed to the Papal. 

Winnenden (Stat.) 

Population, 8,200. /««.— Krone. 

A beautiful spot, having an iron spring. 

Backnang (Stat.) 

Population, 3.600. Inns. — Hirsch; Schwan. 

A small town on the Murr. Its Stiftskirche has 
tombs of the Margraves of Baden. Branch to 
Bietighelm, see preceding Honto. 

Hence the rail runs through the romantic Murr- 
thal to Sulzbach (Stat. )i near Schloss Lantereck. 

Murrhardt (Stat.) The Stadtklrchc and 
Walderlchs Kapelle will repay a visit. 

ffeaaentlu^ (BUt,), /ancMon of tfic line to 



[Hall (Stat.),called Stoabian (Sch wabische) Hall, 
to distinguish it from other places of the same name. 

Population, 9,000. 

Inns. — Adlcr; Lamm. 

An old free Imperial town, at the bottom of 
the deep valley of the Kocher. It contains six 
Churches, one of which, St. Michaers, built 1427- 
1525, is Gothic, and has good wood carvings. 

The Rathhaus^ in the Market Place, is a hand- 
some buildmg. The Salt Works here (from which 
the place derives its name) are supplied from Wil- 
helmsglUck mine, which is situated six miles from 
Hall. Here rock-salt has been worked since 1824 ; 
this mine is easily accessible and well worth 
inspection. 

The Heller^ a small coin, value about a farthing, 
was first coined here, and takes its name from this 
place. About \\ mile to the south of Hall is 

Comburg or RomJburg^ a royal Castle, in a pictu- 
resque spot, near the old Benedictine Church, 
which has a golden altar-cloth of the 12th century. 
From the Elnkom, four miles distant, formerly a 
place of pilgrimage, there is a fine view. 

At twelve miles north of Hall is the little 
town of 

Klrchberg. 

Population, 1,300. 

Picturesquely situated on the Jaxt. It has only 
one gate, and belongs to the Prince of Hohenlohe- 
Klrchberg, whose family Castle is here. 

About 17 miles north-west of Hall, on the line to 
Heilbronn (see next page), is 

Oehriogen (Stat.) 

Population, 3,700. 

Inn. — Kaiser. 

A pretty town on the Ohm, the scat of the Prince 
of Hohcnlohe-Oehrin^cn. whose Residcnz stands In 
extensive grounds near the old church.] 

CrailBbelm or KraUsbeim (Sta\) 

Population, 4.640. 

/nnj«,- - Post ; Adler; Falke. 

A bustling little town on the Jagst, which is 
crossed by a stone bridge. It contains an old 
Schloss, the handsome church of St. John, and a 
large Rathhaus. Powder wQrVLs.\NSix^. '^\sft.^iss^«M«^- 



188 



BBJLDSHAW'S ILLUBTBATBD 



[See.S. 



From Crailsheim to Mergentheim 87 miles. At 

Nlederstetten (Stat.) and Welkersheim 

(Stat.) are castles of the Hohenlohe families. 

Mergentheim (Stat.) 

Population, 4,440. Inn. — Post. 

An old fortified town on the Tanber, among 
vineyards ; having to the east the Schloss, which, 
from 1526 till 1809, was the seat of the Grand Master 
of the Teutonic Order. There is a collection of 
archives. Near it is a Bmnnen or mineral Spa. 

Further up the Tauber is 

CregliXLgen, and its beautiful Gothic Hcrrgotts- 
Kirche, built 1384, containing some good carvings 
at the altar. Diligence to Rotbenburg (page 167). 
In the neighbourhood of Mergentheim are Eppin- 
ger Bath, and Ballenbet-g, the birth-place, 1525, of 
Metzler, the leader of the Peasant War. 

Wurzburg (Stat.), as in Route 23. 

Some of the places above may be reached by 
means of the rails from Stuttgart to NSrdlingen 
(Route 64a), and from Heilbroim to Crailsheim, 
which intersect it. The stations on the latter line 
to Hall, are as follow :- - 



Stuttgart to Ulm and Frledrl<flinhafen, and 
Ulm to Ck>iL8tance and BcTiaffhaiiiwn. 

By rail — ^the stations are as follow : — 



Miles. 

Hall 34 

From Hall to Wtlrz- 
burg, as above. 



Heilbronn to Miles. 

Weinsberg 4^ 

Bretzfeld 12^ 

Oehringen 17 

Waldenburg 24 

From Heilbronn the rail crosses the Neckar, 

and passes under the Wartberg by a tunnel nearly 

two miles long. Beyond this it crosses the Enz, 

by a viaduct on 21 double arches, 110 feet high, 

1,070 feet long. 

Weinsberg (Stat.) /««.— Traube. 

An old town near the ruined Castle of Weiber- 
treue (Wives' Fidelity), renowned in German story 
for the behaviour of the faithful "Weiber von 
Weinsberg," which forms the subject of Blirger's 
" Wer sagt mir an wo Weinsberg llegrt ! " 
At the siege of 1140, after the battle between the 
Guelphsand Ghibclines, when the Emperor Conrad 
III. defeated his rival here, he threatened the 
little town with fire and sword for holding out; 
the women, however, obtained his favour, with 
leave to carry off their treasures; upon which 
they appeared coming out of the gates, each 
loaded with her husband or sweetheart in a sack. 
"Mfi ibrem MSnnchen scbwer Im SacK, 
^o wabrfcbJehet nachopnclg,'' 



English 
miles. 
Stuttgart to 
Cannstatt (tunnel 

1,200 feet) 2J 

Uutertiirkheim 4f 

Esslingen 9^ 

Altbach — 

Plochingen(Buflfet) 14 
IBranch to Klrch- 

heim-unter-Teck, 

Rottweil, and 
Schaffhausen.] 

Reichenbach 17 

Goppingeu 26f 

Sfissen 31^ 

Gingen 33| 

Geislingen SSl 

Beimcrstetten 51f 

Clm (two tunnels) 58| 
[Branchei to Augps- 

burg & Munich, 

toImmenstadt.A 

(a) to Constance 

& Schaffhausen 

(as below).] 

Erbach 66 

Laupheim 72 

Biberach 8U 

Essendorf 89| 

Schussenried 94| I 

N.B. — The best route from Stuttgart to Schaff- 
hausen is Route 55. 

Untertllrklielm (Stat.) 

Population, 3,lfi5. /»».— Hirsch. 

A pretty spot at the foot of the Rothcnberg, on 
the Neckar, and a summer retreat for people from 
Stuttgart. On the Rothenberg is the tomb of 
Queen Catharina, a Greek rotunda, built 1824. It 
stands 1,350 feet above the sea, and commands a fine 
view of the Neckar, Weil, the Swabian Alps, Ac. 

Esslingen (Stat.) 

Population-, 22,156. 

Inns. — Krone; Adlcr. 

An old Imperial city, partly surrounded by walls, 
built by Fred. II. (1216), on a hill overlooking the 
beautiful Neckar. A handsome stone bridge orosNS 
an island in the river. The houses in the suburbs 
form a succession of villages called Esslingen 
GebVel, a«c«tvd\Tv\g Vo Wit "^«>\X«iTCtt«t\j,. \.\. VaA flLv« 
ch\\rc\\c%, \Yvc bc*\,>>«\3jv^ St, Mar^f »n ^x >\»^ IW 



EngUab 
miles. 

Aulendorf 97| 

IBranches to Wald- 
see and Klslegg, 
19 miles; and to 
Herbertingen, 18] 

Ravensburg Ulf 

Meckenbeoren U9 

Friedrichshaf en .....1S3} 

(a)BranehfroTa Ulm 
to Constance 
andSchafthau- 
sen. 

Soflingcn l\ 

Blaubeuren 10 

Ehingen 31 

Rottenacker S5 

Rechtenstein 31} 

Riedlingen 4M 

Herbertingen 47{ 

IBranch to Aulen- 
dorf.] 

Mengen 61 

Mesddrch 6S 

Stockach 76 

Radolfzell 87 

Constance 99 

Schaffhausen 180 



HAHD-BOOK lO 

j(l««-l»8i), with ■ lery b««nHfuL 



it Dnterbolhlugen (Stat.) 
Im-unter-Teok (fltat.), lesched by 



Baltrbad, a 



<e of tbe Iniportol lino, which Uited Ifon 
inid. Dolw at Prnnconis. 1 138, illl the mcmbIob 
fnaoirof irwsDnrg,!S78. Hpr»li.^edth.Ein- 



ra,fi,«0«l. 




; Pan, 


OelsUngen (Stat.) 




POPBHTIOH, »,3IW. 


Wshiirtilaj- (lionldteiaaUB here. 


DlltgencetoWle»cnMclB(helow). 


pwnriis, oil the Idndorh, ii Ihe small 




IHEIK (populallou, 3,KM), with <lBoW 


the Alb, in . n«row valley, comm^ded hjth. 




oWCanlerfHelfenrteln, Carving, are made in 




wood, horn, and Ivory. The valley of the Fil« 


. are the renudns of £<«t«y, the old 


luay be asceudod to WHuotUig. near which ar. 
-o«,^ tenioikahlc n.a.«» of calc«eoo. rook, rid. 


stlo of the ZahriiiKer Duke>. 






d the Teekbere, erownBd by the old 




19 ixau 0/ Tut, »na Tciii-irtolile (or 


Mia «vo 4T0 feet Io-b. a-d anolhw e.« calM 


prMpcct In the Swablaii Alps. Vllls 




ftrti-dni£8nlli.B<^n,ls3r,«ieHeckarthal. 








h.. P^rlc (it the Mng-i deer and iwlno. 


,h^l bflw«,l tlie B«a«l.c on-l lilt NMfcar, that 






ee, with the Bjireu BchlBwchen (Bwr^i 


HLH (Btat.), In WUrtlemherg. 



IgMl (8t»t.), while a braneh Inim 
6B,4e. (Route S6«). 
«en(Blat.) Populaaon. KWt. 



DeTEurope; Kr<Kq)rlni, 

Ball W M^iimxi. ■*Ka«(uai\ *'-• 



1^6 



btlADSHAW^S ILLrSTRAtEb 



I Sec. 1 



All old tinperial toWii and fortress on the left 
bank of the Danube, at the foot of the dwabian 
Alps, on the borders of Wiirttemberg and Bavaria, 
the Blau joins the Danube here, and the Iller a 
little below; and hero the main streant of the 
Danube becomes navigable, being about 230 feet 
broad. The streets are narrow and irregular, and 
contain many old wooden and stone houses. The 
Neue Bau, erected 1591, on a hill. 

There are five churches here, besides the CtUhedral 
or Minster (Miinstcr), the finest building here, and 
one of the finest churches in Germany. It is 
used by the Protestants, and stands in the Miinster 
Platz. It is a noble Gothic pile, finally completed 
in 1890, chiefly built between 1377 and 1488; is 
420 feet long, 165 feet broad, and has a south tower 
530 feet high, the highest in Europe. A fine porch 
leads into the nave, consisting of three immense 
aisles, supported by pillars; the middle one being 
140 feet high, and adorned with coats of arms, &c. 
It contahis stained windows of the year 1480; 
paintings by old German masters, richly carved 
stalls^ by J. Syrlin, 1474; monuments of Bessorer, 
Kraflft, Neithardt, and other founders of the 
church ; and a fine organ, restored in 1856. Per- 
formances daily in summer. 

The Rathhaus is an old buildmg in the Market 
Place, with an ingenious clock and several good 
old German paintings, one being a portrait of 
GustavusAdolphus. Itcontainsthe town archives. 

Near here is the handsome fountain called the 
PUchkasten, by the elder Syrlin, erected 1482. 

The Deutsche* Haus^ now used as a barrack, 
is the most regularly built edifice in the town. 
The Theatre (Schauspiclhaus) is marked by a Greek 
portico. There is also a Ducal Palace, with a 
richly endowed hospital. 

Opposite to it is Neu or New Ulm (Stat.), 

on the Bavarian side, with which it is connected by 
two bridges, one on three arches, built 1882. Ulm. as 
an important military post, is famous for the Capitu- 
lation of Oct. 17th, 1805 (just before Trafalgar), 
when 30,000 Austrians, under Mack, who were shut 
up in the Citadel on the Wilhelmshohe, surrendered 
to Napoleon, after Key's victory a day or two 
Ae/bre at Elcbingen, tor which he was made a 
Ulm became a Federal town in 1842, in the 



joint occupation of the Bavarians, Wiirttember' 
gers, and Austrians. 

Afichelsberg, near this, is 1,800 feet high,. and a 
fine point of view. Thalfingen and Ucbc.-kinRtn 
are two small bathing- places. 

Ulm to Donanwurth, by rail. 
Miles. 



Ulm — 

Neu-Ulm 2 

Nersingen 7^ 

Giinsburg 15^ 

NeuOflSngen 20 

[Branch to Augs- 
burg 35 miles.] 



Miln. 

Lauingren ti 

DUliugen 30 

Hochstadt 34| 

Blindhcim, or Blen- 
heim 37} 

Donauworth (page 
157) 44 



From Donauworth the rail is complete down 
the Danube past Ingolstadt, Reg^ensburg', &c. 

From Ulm, on the line to Radolfzell and (Ton- 
stance, the narrow valley of the Blau is ascoided 
to 

Blaubeuem (Stat.) 

Inn. — Post. 

At the centre of some of the most charmin; 
country in Wiirttemberg, at the head of the Bin, 
near the Blautopf, a cavity, 70 feet deep, in < 
romantic locality. Not far fk'om it a remarkable 
cave called the Sontheimer Hohle, full of stahtf- 
tltes. There is an old Benedictine Convent in the 
village. In the old church there is a very fine 
ancient altar of carved wood. 

Ehlngen (Stat.) 

POPULATIOX, 4,100. 

7«n.— Traube. 

An eld place, having, on the other side of the 
Danube, the picturesque Marchthal Castle, be- 
longing to the Prince of Thum and Taxis. 

Zwiefaltendorf (Stat)., in the valley of Aseb. 

Further up the Danube is HengeiL (StaiJb 
Route 6$; and towards the Lake of Constme 
are MeSBklrch (Stat.) and Stockach (StaU 
where Archduke Charles defeated the Frewi 
1799. From Stockach 10 miles to Rad ol ftt'' 
(Stat.), junction with the Bftle and Constance liw 



\ 



CONSTANCE (Stat.) 



\ 



ftoute 54.] 



HANb-JHOOK To GERStANT — ^tBEtiXCU, 



idi 



Formerly an Austrian town, but transferred to 
Baden in 1805, on the edge of Switzecland. Situated 
on the beautiful lake of Constance (see below), 
where the Rhine emerges. For description, see 
JSradshaw's Handbook to Sicitzerland and the Tyrol. 

[From Constance to Bfilc, by rail as follows: — 



Miles. 
IBranch to Stiihlingen, 
and Weizen.] 

Waldshut 60J 

Bale 90*] 



Miles. 

To Radolfzcll 13 

Singen 19* 

Schui!hausen 31 

Oberlauchringen ... 49 

The Friedrichshafen line runs from Ulm (page 
190) for 23 miles, tlirougb uninteresting country, to 

BIBERACH (Stat.) 

Population, 8,000. 

Inns.- Kaiser; Had; Ente. 

An old Imperial city, in the beautiful valley of 
the Riss or Rciss, surrounded by walls and towers 
built by Rudolf of Ilapsburg, 127*2. It was annexed 
to Baden 1 802, and to WUrttcmberg In 1806. Here 
arc four churches and two suppressed convents, 
with a well-endowed hospital. Moreau defeated 
the Austrians here in 1796 under Latour, and again 
in 1800 under Kray. It was the birth-place of the 
painters, Dietrich, Mehcr, Pflug, Giiser, and Em- 
minger ; and of Knecht, the organist. At Ober 
Holzheini, in the neighbourhood, the poet Wieiand 
was bom, 1733 (statue). JJocAou, near the Fcdersce, 
on the west, is an ecclesiastical foundation, now the 
property of the Prince of Thum and Taxis. On the 
cast is the Jordanbad, or Jordan iron spring, near 
the i)icturc8quc old Abbey of Ochscnhausen. 

Esseadorf (Stat.) { 

Here the rail leaves the Rissthal, and opens dis- j 
taut views of Switzerland and Vorarlbcrg, the 
mountains of Appenzcll, and the Scntis, <kc. It 
afterwards follows the Schussenthal through the 
Altdorfer Forest. 

At Aulendorf (Stat.) is the Castlc of Count 
Konigscgg, beyond which lies Waldsee (Stat.), 
the seat of the Prince of Walburg-Wolfegg- Wald- 
see. To the left of Niedcrbingen (a little further 
on) is the ancient but suppressed Benedictine 
Abbey of Weingarten, founded by the Guelfs in 
1058, now a barrack, with a very handsome 
Church, formerly much resorted to by pilgrims. 
Railway connection with EUlagg.Wailgeil, iBIiy 

(on ibe Argen), HerberUngeo, Ac. 



Ravensburg (Stat.) 

Population, 12,265. 

/«n«.— Post; Kronprinz. 

An old Imperial city, on the Sohussen, shut in 
by walls and turrets, 1,465 feet above the sea. The 
old castle of Veitsburg, on the hill above, has a view 
of the Lake of Constance and the Swiss Alps 
beyond. In the neighbourhood are the valley 
of Laura and the Waldburg, the ancestral castle of 
the Princes of Waldburg. Branch to WdlXL- 
garten, where is an old Benedictine abbey, 
founded in the 11th century (see above). 

Meokenbeuem (Stat.) About 3 miles dis- 
tant is 

Tettnang, with a large Castle, once the seat of 
the extinct family of the Counts of Montfort. 

From here the post road goes to Lindan (12 
miles), and to Bregenz (7 miles). 

Ftledrlchshafen ^Btat.), on the Lake of 
Constance. 

Population, 3,000. 

Hotels. — Deutsches Haus; Krone. 

Rail or Steamer to Ulm, Ac, Ludwigshafcn, Con- 
stance, Romanshom, Bregenz, Lindau, <frc. 

The train runs through the town to the harbour ; 
from which steamers run to all the principal 
places on the Lake. 

This is the principal port on the lake, with a 
harbour and lighthouse. It has a summer Castle 
for the Royal family, in a fine position on the lake, 
with pictures, <fcc., by Pflug, Gegenbauer, &c. 
Oood salmon and trout. In the former Hotel Belle 
Vue are prehistoric and historical collections 
worth notice. 

The Lake of Constance, or Bodensee. is about 
40 miles long, by 12 miles broad, and is surrounded 
by five different countries. The greatest part of the 
south shore, at Rorschach, <kc., belongrs to Switzer- 
land, including the Unter See and Arenenberg 
Castle, once the residence of Hortense, Queen of 
Holland, and mother of Napoleon III. Here the 
mountains of St. Gall rise 2,000 to 7,000 feet high. 
The other part of the south-east shore (about 
Bregenz, in Vorarlbcrg) belongs to Austria ; the 
north-west shore at Constance, Ac, to Baden ; the 
northern shore to Wlirttemberg, and to Ba.H«:6a. 

land and the T^jTol. 



19S 



Stuttgart to Aalen (for mm) and 
Ndrdllngen 

(Wiirttemberg-ische Staats Einenbahn). 
By rail— the statlmis are as folloTr ; 



BRADBBAM-'S ILLU8THATED 



I 



Enprllsh 
Slnttpart to inilen. 

Cannstadt 2i 

FeUbach 6 

Waiblingen 8 

EDdersbach 11| 

Onmbach 14 

Schorndorf 18^ 

Lorch 27i 

Omfind 3l| 

Unterbobingen 38 

Aalen 47f 

IBrancfi to 

Heidenheim 14 

Giengen 2L 



English I 
miles. I 
N'icderstotzlngen 28 

Langenau 33 

rim W] 

Wasseralfingen ... 49 

Goldshufe 52 

IBranch to 
Ellwangen ... 5 

Jagstzcll 11 

Jagstheim 16 

Crailsheim ... 19 

Lauchheim 58 

Bopfingen 64f 

Nordlingen 73 



Stattgart and CaniUtadt, as in Route 51. 

Schorndorf (Stat.) 

PopuLATiojr, 4,000. 

Inn, — Hirsch. 

A town among vineyards and orchards, on the 
Rems ; memorable for the defence made by its 
women against the French, in 1688. Here are a 
Royal castle and a fine Gothic Church of the 14th 
century. 

Lorch (Stat.), where Schiller lived when a boy; 
the restored Convent on the Marienberg has the 
graves of some of the Hobenstaufen family. 

Omund (Stat.) 

Population, 16,804. 
Inns. — Bad ; Drci Mohrcu. 

A town, called 8vdbian Gmiind, to distinguish it 
from others, in the extinct principality of the Hohen- 
lohe family, now part of the Circle of Jaxt, or 
Jagst. It stands on the Rems, and was formerly 
an imperial city. The bridge is ornamented with 
statues. Here are a Town Hall, a Blind and Deaf 
Asylum ; the Kreuzkirche (1380), a Gothic spire 
edifice; the old Johanniskirchc ; and St. Saviour's, 
a pilgrims' church in the neighbourhood, cut in the 
rock. Wooden wares and jewellery are made. 

MtfggllngexKStat.) 

Close by hero is the 

Rosenstein, a mountain on the north-west edge 
of the Alps, having many fissures and caves. 
Zau/of^eri^ Castle, in mlns, and the Castles of 
^^A^nrecMerff and Hdiienstailfen, the latter 



being the first sett of the Imperial lioiiM.-4Bee 
Route S4. 

Aalen (Stat.) fopulatiox, 8,eoo. 

/«».— Krone. 

Here are smelting works for the litm miiieata 
the wild valley of the Upper Kocher. Biandi 11m 
to Heidenheim and THm (see teble above). 

Heidenheim (Stat) Porvj^rton, 6,200. 

Inns. — Krone; Traube. 

A small manufacturing town In the valley of tlM 
Brenx, where casks and backets are made. Hetf 
it are the remains of Hellenateln, and 10 miles of 
is Kestenheim, a seat of the Thnm and Ttak 
family, the church contains pahitings by Knoller. 

At'Wasseralfingen (Stai.) are iron works. 
Goldshdfe (Stat.) Junction for EUwangca, 

&c. 

[Ellwangen (Stat.) /mu.— Adler; Post. 
The capital of the Jagst Circle, with two or 
three handsome churches. Near It is the 
SchSnenberg with the Loretto pilgrfan churd. 
Hence to Crailsheim, Wttrsbnrg, Ac] 

Hfirdlingen (Stat), see Bonte 41. Hence to 
Nuremberg, Augsburg, ftc. 



Stuttgart to Plodhingen, TalKliis«ii, Bott- 
well, Ck>n8tanoe, and "^^ainianwi 

By rail— stations as under: — 

Stuttgart to MUes. 

Plochingen 14 

Unterboihingen 19 

[Branch to Kirchheim- 
unter-Tcck] 

NiLrtingen 22* 

Neckarthailfingen ... 25 

Bempflingen 28 

Mctzingen 80J' 

Reutlingen 36 



MOet 
Deisslingen. ... 4| 

Trossingen...... 7 

Schwenningen 11 

Marbach M 

iBranehio Yil- 

lini^en) 
Donaneschhigen SS 
Immendinffen .mSA 

Neufra If| 

Ttibinge'n 46 i Spaicliingen JUl 

Rottenburg 52 Wnrmlmgen „.Mi 



Niedemau 54 

Eyach 5 

Horb 6 

Sulz 7Al 

Obemdorf 81 

Rottweil 92 

[Loop to Immendin- 



Tuttlingen ,^M 

Immendingen „11S| 

[Loop from RottweD.] 

Welschingen ... m 

Singen 1% 

Constance « JM 

SchafFhansen HC 



gen— 

The fast trains take the shorter nmte *<> 
BlS\A\Ti^S^x^42 miles to Horb, in place of 64| BdM 



Route 65.] 



HJLND-BOOK TO GBRMANY.— <}HnND, TUBINGEN. 



19S 



Stnttgarti as in Route 52. Thence by Frled- 
Hchshafen line (Route 54) to PlOCMllgen (Stat.), 
where the line turns up the valley of the Neckar. 

Ketzlngen (Stat-) Branch raU, 7 miles, to 

Uracil, in the Swabian Alps. 

Population, 2,060. 

Inn*. — Post; Fass. 

A small town, in the deep and narrow Emsthal, 
the chief seat of linen weaving in Wtirttemberg. 
Old Church and Castle. The Urach Thai, 6 miles 
long, near this, unites in itself all the beauties of 
Alpine scenery, and has several Castle ruins on the 
heights above, with a Fall of 80 feel at Hohenurach. 
REUTLINOEN (Stat.) 

Population, 18,499. 

Inns. — Ochs; Kronprinz; Lamm. 

An ancient Imperial city, capital of the Black 
Forest, on the Echaz (or Eschatz), containing many 
old houses and remains of medlsBval walls. It stands 
at the foot of the Achalm^ a conical mountain 2,296 
feet high, with a splendid view of the town from 
the top. It is covered with vineyards and orchards. 

The Marienkirche has a handsome tower 335 
feet high. It was built in the 18th century, and 
restored in 1814. Some ancient frescoes and the 
carved font (1499) deserve notice. Cloth and 
leather, clocks, watches, and paper are made here. 
It is the birthplace of Fred. List (the political econ- 
omist) ; and it was the first Swabian town to accept 
the Reformation. On the Achalm are pastured the 
Cashmere and Angora herds of goats belonging 
to a royal farm. The prospect takes in Tiibingen, 
Hohenstaufen, the Alb, &c. 

Branch to Honau and MUnsIngen. 

Excursions to the Georgenberg, and to the 

Swabian, or Suablan, Alps, as the huiy 

country from Balingen to GmUnd is called. The 
road to the Castle of Llchtenstein lies through 

Oberliausen (six miles), near a large and 
beautiful stalactite cave called the Nebenhohle, 
560 feet long, 72 feet high. Entrance 85 pf . Guide 
at the Krone Inn, 1 m., and 45 pf. for each torch. 
From this it is two miles to 

Lichtenstein Ckutle, a medieval relic,Iately restored 
by its owner, Count Wilhelm von Wiirttemberg, 
and the subject of a romance by Hau£f, **Schlos8 
Ljichtenstein.'' It is « good specimen of an old 
haroniaJ fortress, sUmdiag on a point about 3,000 
feci .bore^be ,e, /ore., overlooking the wUd 



passes of the Echarz and fionaa valleys on eithw 
side, a position of almost unique grandeur KiMt 
beauty. The Castle contains a gallery of pleturet 
by Zeitbloom, Holbein, Wohlgemuth, and othe? 
Flemish and Swabian masters. Tickets at th* 
Duchess of Urach's Palace, Stuttgart. 
Ttiblngen (Stat.) 

Population 18,275. 

Inns. — PrinzCarl; Traube; Lamm. 

A very old and irregularly built town, beauti- 
fully placed on the left bank of the Neckar, at the 
junction of the Ammer, among lofty hills covered 
with woods, vineyards, and orchards. The 
modem part of the town contains the new Uni- 
versity buildings, Hospital, Ac, in Wilhelm» 
strasse. The ancient Castle of Hohen Tiibingei^ 
on the Schlossberg, projects over the town. It 
was rebuilt 1535, by Duke Ulrich, and contains in 
a room 220 feet long the Library (250,000 vols.) 
of the University^ which was founded here at 
early as 1477. About 40 professors and 1,000 
students, chiefly theological and medical, are 
attached to it. Melanchthon and Rauchlin were 
professors here at the Reformation. The old build* 
ing, containhig some fossils (ichthyosauri, iic.\ 
stands near St. Oeorge^s or the Stifts Kii'che, which 
has twelve tombs of the princes of Wiirttemberg, 
and is a Gothic pUe, built 1469-83. 

The large Rathhaus erected 1509, was carefully 
restored in 1877. Statue of Uhland the poet at th« 
station. 

An old Augustinian Convent is now converted 
into a Protestant Seminary; the Collegium is ap- 
propriated to Catholic use. There are a Botanical 
Garden, Observatory, and Museum (built 1821), all 
connected with the University. In the environs 
are many attractive spots, as the old WurmlingeF 
Kapclle, 1,500 feet high, with splendid views of the 
Neckar Valley; the Liutnau^ a favourite prome- 
nade; Bebenhausen, an old Cistercian convent, 
situated in a wood, with a fine Gothic church, 
built 1183; and the Rossberg, 2,760 feet high, witU 
gome extensive prospects. 

[From Tubingen a line, 108 miles, passes through 
Hechingen, Balingen, and Sigmaringen to Con- 
stance. 



t8ec.3. 



that at HobeoioUem-SlgiiiuiDgcii. TbeyareBO. 
Tonnded b; WUctlembergiiiul BadsD. Tbetow 
contiUis ■ nev Palue uid a handwnic Church, I 
the neighbourhood is th« FasaneTi^ortBii ; all 
Hfivcral peaks DfthoSwAtiiaiiAlpL such at IhcA'wr 
ftaV {2.131 (cct hifh). and iho Wellcrbra^ {oiicuii: 
aiiilabair Moth) or Zeatrttrff !2,Bll> lea Mgh/.a 
wbkh >Uada HO&MUOUeip Cattle, the aucLci 
faailly aoal of Iho I'rUHlau rclgnliig huiiso, hat 



lilo, Coon 
It by Prede, 



k WUUao) IV., 1 



BAllngenCBt&t.) has goad (Dlpbur hatbi. ai 
among the awaldan Alpi. 

BIgmuliven (BtaD— Popniaiion, i.mt—, 

the infaut Dannbe, iba capital of the principality 
of HoheniallDni-Slgmaringen, nair, like that 
Hochliieen. belonfii.B to Pranla. 

In Ihe Riltaraaal at the Schlosa It a collftctlon 
family portraltt. There la a neir Hatenm, irc 









palace. A bride* "o™" theNeckar lo IChhif 
Mai^'lceh, a town roDunllcally tliiuted 

Hobeniolloni-Bigmari.igen, on Iho Elach, 
medanuin (Stat.), a spa, with acrco TDinE 

■ pringt, la the beaatlful 'alley of the Katienbi 

bath.i a Whey Cora, encellcnl table d'hOte, e 
cheap board and lod^nff. 

■ Eacnnloni to the old Quea at Hoheniolli 
anaUcbitaiiielB. aiid to tilt VfiaaHtiigiabBTg. 
lainMa, another a/m. tti the prindpallty 

Va-mnnfiB. Uaile, /ram TUWujc^ 9 mUw (I 



Hech 



. Hero a 



ivigontiog cl 
jfleri many points of view for eicnr^ona 

Horb(SUL),an tbeNecka[,wltta a emdchnrch 
mdpilKrim chapel. 

Bottvell (Stat.) 



icckor.n 



■lit S.O00. 
n the nctghbonrhood. Ulllgeuc 



a loop goes off" to ImmeDdlngcn. * 

1 lATUUncan (Stat), where thejuiiet 
with IbeBlait Fortnl Rail, which comot 

Offanbnrg and Hi,timc]|, to TlUUt^eUi xn 
goca on to llarbMli, DonanMOhlncsn, Tm. 
metuUngsn, and Blngen (page 1»S}; and tha 
«mpletes the direct rouU from Stnsibiirc » 
;on>Uiic8, FromOffenbnrgtoBlugenlaMnillB 
TntUlnsen (Stat.) 

Intl.- Poati Hctht. 

A town on the Dannbe, miKh of wklcb baa baa. 
obnUt tliice the fire of 1S6J. Good cutleiT h 
nsdo. CloBS to 11 are naialni of Ombnv ( 
lettroyed IMi, in the Thirty Yeara' Wn. 

At Hchwannlngen It the Biiroa of ihflNo , 

nd WUhelmriuill ha. a Mlt work. BeycmdTni- 
IngenyoupiM oier tha tnmtlera of Baden. 

A ciOM road lU English niilo»),tow»rdnhelafa 
f Conilance. Driugi yon to 

BtOOkacb (Stat.) Hen Arcbdoke Charia 
efeated the French under Jonrdan, hUrcb » 
TM. Lodwlgthafan, on the lake, la within a Ik 

St«lHUiiKeiL (9 English nillee from Sioctod,). 
lore U Lho castle of ZfofttBdfirf, deatiuyod 180C^ ij 
le French. It la only reached by . iiamnr foot- 
path, and is at an elevation of S,MK) feej, on a na* 

Hi of Iho Uko and Bwlaa Alp.. 

(fltat.), on tha Dannbo, mtr 

- ,.™v.. ....„ ...cr a«Mi.idi>to the Black Foret), 

wet Donaneaobingen (Btat), *o, [ 

I ahou'l Itand-Book te ButtuTVimd. \ 



Koute 36.] 



HAND-BOOK TO G£BMAKY. — BOTTWBLL, M'lLDBAD. 



195 



KOXJTE ee. 

Stuttgart to Wlldbad and Freudenstadt 
in the Black Forest. 

By rail, as follows: — 

Stuttgart to Miles. 

Kcuerbach 3 

ZufTcnhausen 5^ 

[Branch to Wcil- 
dcr-Stadt, near 
Calw, in the 
Black Forest. 

Kornthal 2 

Ditziiif^cn 4| 

Kcimiiii^cii ... 12 
Weil-der-Stadtl6 

Calw 80] 

Ijudwigsburg 8 

Bietighciin 14 

[Branch to Heil- 
broiin] 

Vaihiiigeu 28 

MUhlacker 30 

[Branch to Bnich- 
sal]. 

Eiizberg 811 

Pforzheim 37i 



Miles. 

Birkcnfcld 40 

NeuenbUrg 43J 

Hofen 48 

Calmbach 49 

Wildbad 52 

1 . Bv /Joarf,Coaches 
daily in 8 to 9 
hours, Stuttgart 
to 

Boblingcn H 

Calw 15 

Wildbad 14 

2. By Rail, Stutt- 
gart to 

Boblingen 15} 

Herronberg 25} 

Eutingon (for Horb, 
page 194, Immcn- 

dingen, &c) 55} 

Hochdorf (for Calw) 39 
Freudenstadt 54} 



[Branch to Calw.] 

[From Carlsruhe to Wildbad, rail via Dlirlacll 
(for Bretten Bad and Hellbroun) and Wllfer- 
dlngen, to Pforzlieini (below), if coming from 
Baden-Baden, see the description of Black Forest, 
further on (Route 57)]. 

Stuttgart, as in Route 51. Ludwlgsburg, 

Bletighelm, «&c. See Route 52. 

Calw (Stat.), near Neu Ilengstadt, a place 
founded by Vaudois refugees, and called Boursette 
in French. It is 3 German miles from Well-der- 
Stadt (Stat.), where Kepler, the astronomer, was 
bom (statue here), 3 from Wildbad, 3f by rail from 

Pforzlielm (Stat.) 

Population 29,987. 

Hotel.— Waldhoni. 

A growing town on the Nagold, in a wild hollow of 
the Black Forest, and the seat of a timber trade, 
as well as of many working jewellers, who 
work up orders from other places on the continent. 
1 1 has been rebuilt shice the sack of the town by 
the French, 1692. Old fashioned costumes are 
seen. In the neighbourhood are remains of the 
very old convent of Hirsau. 

From P/orzbefm rail, U^ uiilcB, to 



WILDBAD (Stat.) 

Population, 4,000. 

/n;i«.- -Hotel KInmpp, a large first-class hotoi, 
affording excellent and extensive accommodation, 
and particularly patronised by English travellers. 
Highly recommended. See Advt. 

Hotel Belle Vue. Beautiful situation, on a 
Terrace facing the New Trinkhalle. Deservedly 
recommended. See Ad^-t. 

Bad-Hotel ; De Russie. 

Kurtaxc, after 6 days, 10 mk. 

Conveyance to Baden-Baden in six hours. 

English Chaplain stationed here. 

A small town in a narrow beautiful valley of the 
Black Forest, watered by the Enz, 1,500 feet above 
the sea, noted for its warm salt Baths. The springs 
rise out of the granite sand, at a temperature of 90 to 
100 degrees, and are excellent for gout, rheuma- 
tism, Ac. The handsome Kurhaus contains every 
convenience for bathing, reading, and repose. 
About 6,000 invalids come here in the season. 

Carlsbad, opened by the King of Wtirttcmberg 
in 1892. 

Many agreeable walks to the Windhof, ^'C, 
through the healthy pine forests to Villa Waldeck, 
and Herrenalb^ where Baroness Bunsen lived. 
Excursions to the Teufelsmiihie at Loffeiiau, a wild 
rocky spot with a view taking in the Yosges 
mountains ; to the Teufels Kammem, seven caves 
so called ; to the Jagdhaus, and the Wilde See. 

The line i rom Pforzheim to Horb passes 

Telnach (Stat.), another watering place. The 
springs are alkaline and chalybeate, and are 
used both for drinking and bathing. The Bath- 
house is in a most romantic spot. In the neigh- 
bourhood is a lake called the Wilde See ; and 1} 
mile distant, among thick forests, is Zavelsteiu 
Castle, now a Whey Cure for invalids. Another 
old castle is Liebenzell, 9 miles from Wildbad, 
near some tepid springs useful in skin diseases. 

Nagold (Stat.) is ia a deep valley of the Black 
Forest, on the livcr Nagold. above which is the 
old castle of Hohcn Nagold. Population, 2,500. 
Branch line to Altenstelg, 10 miles. Horb 
(Stat.), us in Route 55, on the direct line betwe«.^ 
CarlsruUft «^tv\V Cq\^^\."wc«.^. Kn. '^Ss^ic&iVMru^ 



196 



BRAD8IIAW'8 ILLUSTBATED 



[Sees. 



Freudenstadt (Stat. ) 

l»i>ITLATIOX, 6,025. 

Black Forest Hotel (SchwnrzwaM). Cmifort- 
al»le and j^plcinUdly situated, with beautiful park 
Hurroundin- it. Ek-ctrir Li--'lit. Lawn Tennis. 
English Church Service during the Season. 
Recommended. See Advt. 

Rail to Schiltach, Hausach, and Schramberp. 

Conveyance to Wildl>ad. through the Murgthal. 

An old fortifiod place on ahill in the Black Forest, 
having a large .luadrangular Platz, with houses 
buUt over the pavement, like the Chester " Rows." 
Its curious Chui-ch consists of two naves at a right 
angle, with towers at each end, and a pulpit at the 
corner, from which the preacher can see up the 
naves, where the men and women sit separate. 
A gallery all round is adorned with Bible scenes. 
It has a view of the A'nwdia, a ridge of the Black 
Forest, over 3,000 feet high, over which the road 
into Baden and to Strassburg goes. 

Excursions to the valley of the Murg, 6^ miles 
from Baden; by diligence to the baths of Kippold- 
sau (8 miles); and to those of (iriosbach, Freicr.s- 
bach, Peterathal, and Antogast, near the Kniebis, 

BippoldsaU, reached also from WolfaCtL 
(Stat.), on the Black Forest line, 8 miles 80uth- 
wost of Freudenstadt, at the entrance of the Schap- 
bach valley, 1,850 feet above the sea, among thick 
pine forests. It is the best of the Kniebis group 
of Baths, consisting of five springs of various quali- 
ties, which act on the skin and glands, and are 
stimulating, aperient, and diuretic according to cir- 
cumstances. Goringer's large Hotel for 300 makes 
its own gas, and has the English newspapers. The 
bathing arrangements are good, and the manner 
of living unconstrahied. Charming walks everj-- 
where. Excursions into the Schapbacher Thai, 
towards Freiberg, where the farmhouses are built 
in a peculiar style, and the owners wear a pic- 
turesque dress. Across the Holzwalder Hohe to 

Grlesbach, 6 English miles from Rippoldsau, 
in the Renchthal, 1,630 feet above the sea, has 
chalybeate springs, much frequented by ladles, and 
good conveniences for bathing at the Bath-house. 



Petersthal, 3 Eiigli»h miles south of Gii«- 
hach, has three Iron and lithia springs and a Bath- 
house with fifty rooms. The Hermersberg, close 
by, is a fine point of view. 

At FrelerslMlCll, near Petersthal, arc spriofi 
of a similar character, further up the Rcnchtlul. 
See pages 203 and 204. 



The BLACK FOREST (Scliwanwald^. 
The Black Foreet, Almoba Mont, or SUta Mar- 
nana of the Romans, and Stlva Xiffra of tl« 
middle ages, is a range of hills constituting the 
south-west comer of Germany, and running trom 
the Rhine valley on the Swiss and French f rontien 
as far north as the town of Pforzheim. Its eastern 
limit is not so distinctly marked, as it either, *s 
near Schaffhausen, joins other ranges of hilU, or 
dies away as in the neighbourhood of Donaueschin- 
gen into high table-land. 

The name of Black Forest iSefneartufdId in Gcr. 
man) though conveying an impression of robbers. 
murderers, and other horrors, is derived from the 
preponderating masses of pine woods, which give « 
dark colour to the country, and more especially 
contrast with the beech and oak of the lower dis- 
tricts. Beyond this the name Black has no spechl 
application. The country is beaatifnl and interest- 
ing ; and though the eight mouths' winter of the 
high grounds would not recommend them for n 
continued residence, the summer is the more cm- 
joyablc ; while the lower districts, being sheltered 
to the north and east by mountains, x^<>Bae8s « 
delicious climate, which has made Baden Baden 
and Freiburg the residence of so noany strangers. 

The Black Forest lies now to the extent of about 
three-fourths of its surface within the Grand 
Duchy of Baden, the remainder bclong^ing to Wilrt- 
temberg. It was formerly divided amcmgst » 
many nuisters that it would be a long task to 
enumerate them all. Besides the two houses of 
Baden, some of the chief lords were the princes of 
FUrstenberg, the Abbots of St. Blasicn, and 
Austria. The Black Forest is divided into 



(a) The Upper Forest; between the valleys of the 

AntOgaBt,li English milesnorth-wcst of this, in | Rhine, on the Swiss frontier, and the Kinzig; with 

a solitary part of the Maisachthal, surrounded by : an average height of 3,000, and a maximum of 

AJ^A moantains, ban a good Bath-house over two , nearly 5,000 feet, the Feldberg, 4,900 feet, being: 

tepid tprlnga, and h little Chapel. ■ tYich\gYvwl. 



Route 57.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMAN Y — BLACK F0RB8T. 



19: 



(B) The Loirer Forest, from the valley of the 
Kinzif? northwards, with an average of 1,800 and 
a maxininin.of a little over 2,000 feet. Mercurius, 
near Baden-Baden is 2,200 feet, and Dobel, in 
WUrtemberg, 2,200 feet. 

The chief Passes of the Black Forest are the 
Belchcn Pass, between MUnstcrthal 

and Wiesenthal 3,400 feet. 

The Hollcnthal 2,060 „ 

The Kilpen or Kilchberg 8,800 „ 

The Kniebis 3,190 „ 

The Kinzigthal 2,300 „ 

(Sec a more complete list of heights further on, 
page 219.) 

The district consists on the whole more of elevated 
plateaus than of Isolated mountain peaks, whence 
it happens that in many places solitary farms or 
even villages are found at heights of from 3,000 
to 4,000 feet. Even the Abbey of St. Blasicn, 
though lying in a valley, is 2,450 feet above the 
level of the sea, and a village about 3 miles from 
it, Hochcnschwand, 3,320. 

The steepest ascents of the Black Forest are from 
the Rhine valley, on its western side, especially 
near Baden weiler, Freiburg, Waldkirch, and 
Achem, where from a level of 800 or 900 feet, 
the mountains rise suddenly to 3,000 or 4,000 feet. 

The Valleys of the Black Forest arc exceedingly 
numerous. They lie mostly on the western side, 
and take a north-westerly direction. Many of 
them arc very narrow and rocky. 

The chief are, beginning at the southern or upper 
end, along the west side :-- 

The Wiesen, Mttnster, Hollen, EIz, Schutter, 
Kinzig, Achem, Murg, and lower Alb valleys. 

On the eastern side the valleys are few. Here 
arc those of the Brigach and Brege, which unite at 
Donaueschingen, and form the valley of the 
Danube. The chief valley on this side is that of 
the Wilde Wutach. ! 

The southern and northern ends are traversed 
by deep valleys. To the south arc those of the 
Alb, the Schlucht, and Wehra Thai. To the north 
those of the Enz, Nagold, and WUrm. 

In the midst of the hills nuining from south to 
north lies the romantic OuUusb valley, which joins 



valley by Ilausach. This is the highest valley of 
the whole range, and lies near the Freiberg water- 
fall at a height of 2,790 feet. For a considerable 
distance the Neckar valley forms the boundary of 
the Black Forest, from Schwemmingen to Horb ; 
but subsequently leaves it altogether. 

The only large independent river, whose source 
lies in the Black Forest, Is the Danube. Next to 
this is the ITeckar. There are on the south and 
west sides innumerable small rivers running Into 
the Rhine, such as the Elz, Kinzig, Murg, etc. 

There are also many small Lakes, in some cases 
lying deep amongst rocks, and mostly being of 
considerable depth. The chief are the Feldsee, 
Schluchsee, Titisee, and Mummelsee. 

'nie character of the Vegetcman of the Black 
Forest depends on the elevation. Above the height 
of about 4,200 feet trees no longer flourish ; from 
that height down to 2,500 is the region of the 
genuine Black Forest pine ; above 3,000 feet only 
the red pine (Pinus abies) grows. From 2,500 to 
1,800 feet grow deciduous trees, birch, beech, 
maple, oak, Ac. ; below these again walnuts and 
vines aboimd. 

For the Geologist, but especially for the Botanist, 
there is much of interest. Many of the plants of 
the Alpine Flora are found on the higher ridges of 
the Schwarzwald, which has also some peculiarities 
of its own. A list is given at the end of this Route 
of the rare plants, with some of their habitats and 
times of flowering. In other branches of natural 
history there is also much worthy of notice. 

It is a great country for the making of wooden 
clocks (two millions a year are made) and musical 
boxes. 

The picturesque costumes, which, thoag^fa 
gradually yielding before the improvements and 
increasing communication of modem times, still 
exist in great variety in the valleys of the Black 
Forest, will much interest the traveller. Some 
of the costumes date from the sixteenth or even 
fifteenth century, but most are at least a hundred 
years later. 

Coloured photographs of these have been pub- 
lished by MM. Lallemand and Hart, of Badan' 



Baden CLoxvdQxv k^«wc;^3^ X^S», ^-sXrr^ '%^^«!*•fic^^ 

^^-.«-^ «-«^ r-w..^, ^u.vti juiuB > as pari ol ^ %«t\^%,xav\«tSXsfcN.vCv^^v ^fj;;^^'*^ 

that of the Reichenbacb, tmd opens into the Kinzig \ vers^le dM Peui*e». N^ ^;^s»^^ va "^ " 



198 



(•> 



BRADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



l[o€C« 3* 



In a short time is to take the early trains on the 
Black Forest Line (see below), by which the 
country folks usually trarel. 

The gennino country-people are friendly and 
hospitable, and hide, under a rough exterior, real 
(Coodncss of heart. 

Inns. — An attempt has been made lately to con- 
nect the whole Black Forest, by means of a society 
called the "Black Forest Association,'' mainly 
composed of the hmkccpers. For strangers not 
understanding the language, the arrangements 
may be convenient, as they will be passed from 
one innkeeper to the other through the Black 
Forestf with all the best scenery pointed out to 
them; but of course they must pay for it. To 
tourists who know something of Gorman, Vc 
would say: Be independent: see what you like, j 
and do not be sent about like your luggage. 

With respect to public Conveyances, they are 
liable to many and constant changes. But there 
are, as a rule, post coaches or omnibuses along a// 
the chief roads, and where these fail, excepting 
just at harvest time, a one-horse carriage, suffi- 
cient for two, or at a pinch for three persons, with 
knapsacks or carpet bags, can be had at every 
village, at a price of aliout 3| to 5 marks for a 
distance of 10 to 1{> miles. 

For Footpaths it is almost always better to take 
a guide, a stout lad, or labourer, who will carry a 
bag, talk all the way, and may be had for about 
2 marks and his dinner, for half-a-day. 

The innumerable footpaths in the forest are 
very perplexing to pedestrians. The best rule to 
he given is when one is certain of being on the right i 
path, and has seen a sign post, to turn neither to ! 
right or left, unless another signpost directs it. 

The traveller, if benighted, is sure before very 
long to find some habitation where he will be 
received, hospitably entertained, and not cheated. 

The average price at ordinary inns will be about 
2| marks for bed and breakfaut, but all charges 
are higher than formerly. A jiarty of four, even 
with occasional carriage assistance, may still 
travel more cheaply here than in any other 
cgusVjr Juterestiog locality. 

rtJMimpoaaible to prescribe a plan to be followed. 
^M^e^pect we take the railway from Carlarube 
-^ from BAle to Wahlfibrxi, an the prowil 



line, noting the stations from which the Black 
Forest may best be entered. Baden Baden and 
Freiburg will be found the most conv^ent places 
for head-quarters. In both there are English 
residents, and all reasonable conveniences. 

The wines change as one proceeds southwards. 
In the northern parts the best are — white, 
Klingelberger; red, Affenthaler, Zeller. Further 
south the red wines remain the same, but a deli- 
cious white wine, Markgrafler, appears. (The 
best quality is called Laufcncr. This may also 
be had sparkling. 

Railway tlirongli the Blade Forest Dis- 
trict. Coming from Strassburg or Baden, this line 
is now open throughout from Offenburg-, via Han- 
sach, Villingen, Donaneschingen, and Singen; 
about 93 English miles. At Stngen the main line^ 
through Germany unite and proceed to "Wlnter- 
thur and ZUrich, for the St. Oothard Tunnei Line. 
See Bradshaw's Continetifal Guide, and the fftmd- 
book to Sieitterland. 

The stations are as follow. For details, see 
page 199. 



MUcJi. 

Homberg 37 

Triberg 36 

Sommerau 4S 

St. Georgen 43 

Peterzell 47J 

Kimach 51 

Yillingen H 

[Branch to Rottweil.] 
Singen 9S 



Miles. 

Ofifenburg — 

Ortenberg 3 

Gengcnbach 6 

Bibcrach Zell 11 

Haslach 17 

Hansach 21 

[Branch to Wolfach 
and Schilbach.] 
Gutach 23 

Junction of the line from Constance td Schafl* 

hausen, see end of Route 64. 

Skeleton Toon on Foot in the Blade 
Forest. 

From Baden Baden. 

Places marked thus (*) are sleeping places. 

Ebcrstein Schloss, Forbach, *Schi(nmiinzach. 

Ilonilsgrinde, Mummelsee, *Allerhelligon. 

Oppenan (carriage to), Griesbach, IloIzwiUder 
hohe, Rippoldsau, *Schapbach. 

Wolfach, Homberg, •Triberg. 

Furtwangen, Simondswald, *Wa]dkirch. 

Rail up the Hmienthal (from FrelburgX ^^^' 
berg, ♦Todtnau. 

Wicsenthal to *Schopf heim. 

'WeVvr&Wi&l &Tvd back rail to *B&le. 

BaV\ lo llL\i\\\xtVta,"&«i^<wi>R«i>\«.,\!\^ 



Route 57.] 



HAKD-BOOK TO GfiRMAKY. — BLACK FOREST. 



199 



Homisgrindc, Muramelscc, Secbach, *Allerhci- 
llgen. 

Trom A6hdnL 

(I) (Carriagro to) Ncuhaus, Allerheillgcn (retnrn 
to carriage at the FSrsterhans), Griesbachr Rip- 
poldsau (carriage to), ♦Wolfach. 

(3) (Carriage to) Triberg, back in carriage to 
*Offenbnrg, or all on foot, except the first, but 
then taking more time. 

From Freilnirg. *. 

(1) (Carriage to) Himmelreich, Hoellcnthal to 
the Alter Post, Feldberg, •Todtnau. 

(2) Carriage to Schopfheim, rail to *Bftlc. 

These Skeleton Tours by no means exhaust the 
Black Forest. Many very beautiful parts are 
wholly passed over in them. They are intended 
rather as lines from which one may diverge light 
or left, making out by map and enquiry new 
routes for oneself. 

EXCURSIONS IN THE BLACK FOREST. 

(For details, see under the corresponding number 

in the following pagvs). 

1. Baden Baden toOemsbach, Eberstein Schloss 
and return. 

2. Baden Baden to Herr^iwiese by Oeroldsan, 
return by Forbach or Btihlorthal. 

3. Baden Baden to Herrenalb and Wildbad. 

4. WUdbad to Teinach. 

n. Pforzheim to Teinach, by Liebenzell and 
Calw. 

6. Pforzheim to Wildbad by the Enzthal. 

7. Achem to Homisgrinde and Mummelsee. 

8. Achem to Allerheiligen. 

9. Allerhtiiigen, various routes from. 

10. Renchthal, Petcrsthal, <S;c. 

11. Rippoldsau to Freudcnstadt. 

12. Rippoldsau to Schiltach, Wolfach, and 
valley of the Kinzig. 

13. Schiltach to Yillingen. 

14. OfTcnburg, Kinzigthal, Gutachthal, Ilom- 
berg, Triberg. 

15. Triberg to Furtwangen. 

16. Furtwangen to the Titisee, «kc. 

17. Waldkirch, Simonswald. 

18. Waldkirch, Simonswald, and ascent of the 
Kandel. 

18a. Lahr (Dlnglingen Station), up the Schut- 
tertbaJ. 



19. Waldkirch (Denzlingeh Station) to Elxnch 
and Haslach in Kinzigthal, or by the Prcchthal 
to Triberg. 

20. Freiburg and environs, including the Kaiser- 
stuhl. 

21. Freiburg to St. Peter, and the Glotterthal. 

22. Freiburg to St. MHrgen, Urach, and Don- 
aueschingen, or Neustadt. 

23. Ascent of the Schauinsland. 

I 24. Freiburg to Neustadt, the Hoellcnthal pass. 

25. Ascent of the Feldberg. 

26. From the Feldberg, through the Wehm Valley 
to Brennet (or vice versd\ and the Caves at Hasel. 

27. The Wiesenthal, from Schopfheim to Todtnau 
and the Feldberg. 

28. Freiburg to Schluchsee and St. Blasien. 

29. St. Blasien, the Albthal to Albbruck. 
80. Mfillheim to Badenwciler, &e. 

31. Badenweiler to Btirglen. Ascent of the 
Blauen. 

82. Badenweiler. Ascent of the Belchen, descent 
by the Sulzthal. 

88. Descent of Belchen through the MUnsterthal. 

Ba40Il Baden is the best starting point for 
excursions in the northern portion of the Black 
Forest, lying as it does nearly at its north-western 
comer, and being not only easy of access from 
France, and from the rest of Germany, but also hav- 
ing communication by means of public conveyances 
with several of the points most worth visiting in 
the lower half of the Black Forest. For a descrip' 
tion of the town, see Bradshau*8 Hand-Book to 
Belgium and the Rhine^ or the Continental Guide. 
The tourist need bo at no loss for accommodation or 
amusement of any kind, and suited to any length 
of purse, and the walks in every direction are 
beautiful. The genuine scenery of the Black 
Forest is, however, not to be found in its perfec- 
tion close to Baden Baden. The Old Castle, the 
Wolfschlucht, Ebersteinburg, Mercuriusberg, and 
the town Promenades deserve a visit, and a few 
hours suffice for each. No directions need be given 
here, as guideposts render a mistake in the near 
neighbourhood of the town quite impossible. 

L Baden (Stat.) to GernilMi6h (BtaA.), 
Eberstein Sohloss, and retnzn. 



vpt 



BBAl/sUAW S lLLr»TSATEI> 



[Seel 



j^um^y: but it it prcfcni>«i* for «iicb •« are not 
g'p'ttl wAlkTa to uk* a oirrua* at ita<kfi for tb« 
wti<#i«: 'JUr^ri'^ lb#: I'M'] ]*j**i Bj'lni l»y the 
a^ufjfsr Allots (Ar^-ttu*: of i'i^ht). Vtry tf-n a 
•hady [iftth 'not for r-arrii:'*-/ l»^a'I- on th* riyhl 
to tbe Tf.QM^k»nx*-\ ilJiriVs Pal pit;. Thi« i^ a 
{(rand pi*-'-*- of rfffk icfierj-. with jif^fu** Tc/eta- 
tion. 'Vl«]t'«r4 ^hoiiM ai^r^ml the rttck. for the Mke 
of til'' \\fw.f Th«' road learU th«ii directly Ut 
Ctomibacb, Urantifully ftltaatefl oii tbe Miu? 
iiv«^r. with fair iiinh. and {[^kmI fikhinK* Short 
lirnmh from Rastatt to Of^ninhach. The Tnlley 
of the Mnnr (Mnxvtlialj It j u«t I y celebrated as 
ohf of the lovfiifi^t of the whole lilack Forett. 

On l<>nviii^ (iiTiis)aif\i for EI>erHt<'in the road 
fiAik<M>H nfuir ii Hiiiall but {inrtty way -hide chapel, 
uillffd Klintrvl. and afU^r nKmntinj^ a steep aRcent. 
rciirhfx tli<! f.'a*tl€ vf EbtTMtHn. Note the inap- 
iiificent viuwfnMii the ('aHtle. Refreshments may 
)ni had here, and the Castle is worth seeincr. The 
carrlaire road returns to Haden by Liehtenthal ; or 
Icnvinff Filmrstein for another day, jiroceed up the 
Murffthal to Fortwch, retaniin;; by Bremersbach, 
Hchinalbach, ami Galst>arh to Baden. 

This route may t)e also varied by first visiting 
£l)erst«in, thonco to Gomsbach, and from the latter 
point followinfr the Murg valley Jiy Kothcnfels, 
Fiivorltc, and returning through Oos to Budcn. 

2. Baden (Stat.) to Herrenwieee. by Oe- 
roldsau, returning by Forbaoh or Bilbler- 
thal. 

To the (3cn)](isau waterfall, through the woods, 
cither a guide or at least careful directions arc 
needed. The carriage rojid is the same as that to 
KlH'rstoIn, to the extremity of the villrtgoof Lich- 
tenthal, and then tunis to the right thn>ngh a charm- 
ing valley. InalMUit on hour the first houses of 
f3on»ld8nu are reached. After passing a newly- 
built chnpel keep the nmd which follows the course 
of the Orohach till the waterfall is reached. There 
l^ nothing remarkable about it except the beautiful 
scenery. The IVteniickelskopf may be mounted 
from hero in about forty-five mhiutes. It affords a 
good view. 

To proceed to Herrenwiese follow the same road 

straight on, taking no notice of the first two tum- 

}nfra to the right ; soon afterwards the road branches. 

bot^imthtt however meet Mfatin, but the left is the 

^ttter nmd: gmmi the next tiirnin£r« to the right 



aail left aad dsic«p< into Hcmawlaae, rinttodoi 
tbe L«4of a former lake. To the aouh rises ^ 
Xehliokopf : to tbe soiuta-«Asl the Ochsenkepf. 

Tbe road bomcwards to Baden may be eillMf 
made bj Forbecb and Gcmaliach to tbe left, «c 
better by BtlUerthal to Bfllll (Stat.), to the right; 
we will deicribe the latter. 

On leaving Herrenwleae the road oaotinofsts 
ascend throngfa meadows and woods; inabcmthiU 
anhonrjthe highest point is reached. Leavin^to 
tbe left tbe road to Hiudseck. and on the right that 
to Baden by Ober BlSttlp, keep In a westerly A- 
rection. Tbe path soon seen on the rightis shorter, 
bat misses the finest points of view. After proceed- 
ing some twenty minutes the road tarns a rod^to 
the south, and tbe valley commences to open ; irfaa 
the road again Ukes a northerly direction; mooit 
a small side-path, to tbe sammlt of a rock, wbeace 
is displayed a magnificent scene. It Is as it wen 
a promontory hanging over seas of rocks and wDodi 
The plain opens in front, and the Rhine, and in deir 
weather tbe Vosgesmonntains^ are distinctly vidbk. 

After passing to the north and east to pass thi 
extremity of tbe valley, the road tarns fltaallyto 
north-west, jtasses some corioas rocks, and looi 
decends into Btthlerthal (An, the OrflnerBaon). 
Beyond this is Altschweier, near vrtilch the Afii» 
thaler red wine ettows; in a qoarter of an hiw 
Biihl is reached; the retom to Baden may be 
eflfected by rail, tia Ooa, or carriagre. 

8.— Baden (Stat.) to Rerrenalb and 
WUdbad. 

During the summer season pnblie conveyancef 
in six or seven hours. Route as far as CternrtscL 
as above. At (Jemsbaeb, diligence to Herrenilb 
ill 2 hours. 

After crossing the Mnrg, tbe road tnms to th 
right, and shortly again to the left, rising coo- 
tinimlly. and affording bcautifnl views of tki 
country behind. In about an hoar Loffenaa, abOBt 
a mile beyond the fnmtier of Wttrttemberg: i* 
reached. The carriage road after leaving tUi 
village winds considerably, in order to IhdUtate 
the ascent, but foot passengers may take the patbi 
which conduct more directly to the nimmit, f i«a 
whence also a noble view is gained. In 1796, dnrin; 
the celebrated retreat of Moiean, the neaeh 
dislodged ttivd to\>\.«^».\kA^ <:^ kaatoUinnwhoht^ 



Boute 57.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GSEHAKV. — BLACK FOREBT. 



201 



The road enters a pine forest, and shortly after 
crossing a stream reaches Herrexi&lb, once the 
seat of a noted Cistercian monastery, destroyed 
by soldiers in 1642 ; now of a Hydropathic cure, 
among fine healthy pine woods. Hotels — Ochs; 
Sonne. Villa Waldeck was the seat of the late 
Baroness Bun8en(nee Waddington). Pedestrians 
-who care to remain in Herrenalb should visit the 
church, the valley of Gaisbach, and thence the 
Teuf elsmiihle, whose summit affords a magnificent 
prospect, and the Teufelskammem, seven curious 
grottos close by. Another excursion much recom- 
mended is that to the Mautzenstcin, about an hour 
and a half. The view on a fine day extends to the 
spire of Strassburg Cathedral, and the Yosges. The 
Valley of the Alb is also well worth following for 
some distance, or for those wishing to join the rail, 
down to the station Ettlingen. From Herrenalb 
the road to Wildbad (distance, 8 miles— carriage, 
20 to SO mks.) rises at first, passing through pine 
forests, till it reaches the elevated plateau and 
village of Dobel. From the summit of the Lerchen- 
kopf, close by, Spires Cathedral may be seen. 

From Dobel, in three-quarters of an hour, Eiach- 
miihle is reached. After crossing the Eiach the 
road again enters a forest, and rising, passes over 
the ridge which separates the valley of the Eiach 
from that of the Enz, and descends into Wildbad, 
with its mineral springs (see page 195). Here there 
is no lack of horses, mules, carriages, and every 
convenience for excursions in the neighbourhood, 
but the quiet is a complete contrast to the gaiety of 
its neighbour Baden-Baden. 

The hills on both sides are traversed in every 
direction by paths leading to various points of 
view. The Hochwiese, Soldatenbrunnen, the 
Ricsenstein (guide recommended), are among the 
best. 

4. Wildbad (Stat.) to Telnacll. (See Route 
56). There is a good road for pedestrians from 
Wildbad, joining a carriage road at Naiplach, and 
passing by Wiirzbach and Zavelstein to Telnach 
(Stat.), which is also a small but pleasant Spa, less 
frequented now than some years since (page 195). 
It abounds in beautiful walking. 

To leave Wildbad again, either make use of the 
rail to Pforzheim, or return to Baden by Wildesee, 
Kaltenbronn, Hoblkopt (mAgniliwnt view), and 



Reichenthal to Weissenbach. There are many 
variations both on foot and in carriages to be made 
on this route. 

5. Pforzlieim (Stat.), by Liebensell and 

Calw to Telnach (8 stunden, i.e. 8 hours' walk). 
There is a direct rail from Pforzheim to Teinach, 
in a little over an hour. 

Pforzheim (Stat. ), lying at the extremity of the 
Black Forest, upon the railway from Stuttgart to 
Carlsruhe (see Route 56), is the ancient Porta Hir- 
cynt« (population, 29,987), at the meeting of theEnr 
and Nagold; and has an old grand-ducal Castle 
and Church ; with manufactures of gold and 
silver ornaments, and chemical works. It is a 
good entrance into the Black Forest at its upper 
end. There are two main entrances ; one up the 
valley of the Enz to Wildbad, and a second, which 
will here be described. 

The old road leads past some copper works, and 
then up a steep hill (there is a fine view from the 
forest of the old Castle ruins of Weissenstein) to 
Huchenfeld (1 stunde), then through a thick pine 
forest, first to the left, then to the right, down the 
hill to Reichenbach, from which point the road 
ascends the course of the Nagold. 

The new road follows the river to Weissen- 
stein, and then by the side of the Nagold Reichen- 
bach. In 1^ stunde from this place through 
meadow land, and on the bank of the Nagold, the 
little town of LiOhenzell (Stat.), a small Spa 
with good and cheap accommodation, is reached. 

From this point the road continues, still lying 
on the left bank of the Nagold, in a southerly 
direction, to Hirsau Abbey, of which an ancient 
bell-tower and some parts of the cloisters still 
remain, but the site of the Abbey is mostly occupied 
by a hunting lodge, built by Duke Ludwig of 
WUrttemberg in 1692. 

Still mounting the stream, in half-an-hour is 
reached CalW (Stat.), formerly the residence of 
sovereign counts of that name, now best known as 
one of the chief seats of the Black Forest export 
wood trade. 

One hour more up the Nagold valley leads to 
the entrance of the lateral valley of Teinach, sur- 
rounded by wooded hills, on one of ^bL^iJc^Va^ 



202 



..» 



BRADSIIAW'8 lLLUgTBAT£t) 



[SecS. 



6. Pfonheim (Stat) to Wildbad, t>y tlie 
Enz Valley. 

(This may be done by rail— Route 5C.) On 
leaving^ Pforxheim (»ee i»;i;rc 195) the road to Dur- 
lach lies to the i ig^ht ; that to Wildbad lies througrh 
Grlitziiiffen, then tu the left on the hijrh ground, 
till near Uirkcnfold the nMid from Durlach to 
Ncuonburg is reached. Birkenfeld is not entered, 
but lies to the left close by. Before entering the 
forest, there is a fine view over the Pfinzthal. 

From Griitzingen there is a pleasant footpath 
near the Church, and along the rising ground to 
the left, skirting the meadows of the Enz Valley, 



signboard against a pine points out the path to tbe 
Muromclsec; it entcra the forest and Aaeends 
steeply. Where the roAd divides keep to the right, 
and subsequently to the left; on reaching the 
summit of the ascent is seen the MmmmeUee^ a 
dark, Ashless lake, the scene of many a l^^nd. 

The road to the Homlsgrinde ihumcs along the 
western side of the Mnmmelsee, at the extremltr 
of which, instead of taking* the road to the right 
leading to Slebelseck, mount a slgxagr path in the 
forest. From the more open part, where one oom- 
mences to see the fdain, fire minutes suffice to 
bring the tourist through rough ground to the 



and through the village of Birkenfeld, into the , square tower surmounting the Homiagrinde, 1,810 

forest where the road is again joined. feet high, the tower being 23 feet more, affordlsir 

On mounthig the hill before Xeuenburg there is a correspondingly fine Tiew. 



a fine view over the Enz Valley ; the road then 
again descends to the Enz Valley and reaches the 
little town of Neuenburg. After leaving thi8,the 
road rises gradually amongst meadows and woods 
to {\\ stunden) HUfen, then (f stande) Calmbach ; 
where the road turns off by the church to the left, 
and follows the course of the stream to Wildl>ad. 

7. Achem (Stat.) to Homlflgrinde and 
Muxnmelsee. 

Achem (Stat*) is a small bnt pleasant town (on 
the Badische railway, 15 miles from Baden), and 
is a convenient starting point for some of the most 
1)eautiful excursions in this part of the Black 
Forest. (Post, a good Inn and cheap). From 
Achem carriages may always be had to Aller- 
heiligen and l)ack, 9 to 10 marks, and for the driver 
1 to If marks; to Allcrheiligen by the Renchthal, 
18 marks. A diligence also goes to Ottenhofcn, 
whence 1| hour's walk to Allerhciligcn. 

The road leads directly towards the mountains 
to OttenJio/en (Inn : Zum Wageii) ; and passing the 
f'hurch leaves the road at Allerhciligcn to the 
right, and ascends between trees and meadows, 
reaching in about an hour Seebach. 

From Seebach to the Mummelsee (1 h. 45 m.), 
take first the road to Baiersbronn, leaving it in about 
a quarter of an hour for a horse road to the left. 
Shortly after the Seebach is crossed and recrossed, 
the road foUowing its direction, and i)re8ently 
enteringr the forest, Joins in about a quarter ol a 
mUo the caniag-o road, which has described a con 



The return may be made by the Bri|^tten Sefaloai 
to Achem. 

8. AdMm (Stat) to All«i!lLaillc«iL 

From Acham to OttenhCfcn, as in the last •!• 
cursion. Thence, instead of turning to the left to- 
wards Seebach, take the road to the ri^t up s 
little valley. (To the left lies the path to Edd- 
fraucngrab.) On reaching the highest point, to 
which there are also shorter footpaths, take the 
path straight on, leaving to the left the Oppeaai 
road, and to the right that to Oberkirch. The path 
descends rapidly into the narrow -vroodcd vaney, 
where stand the ruins of the Abbey of AUerhtSigm 
(All Saints), founded 1196, and suppressed 1801, oa 
coming under the dominion of Baden. Thcyetr 
following its suppression the bnildinspB, being partly 
destroyed by lightning, were saved from being eoe- 
verted, like the sister houses in the Grand Dncbjr, 
into a manufactory-. A large hotel here. 

In a romantic valley, not far from the hotel, b 
the waterfall of the Lierbach, which is formed hf 
a scries of cascades. Trout (bottom) fishing, bjr 
order from the hotel, but the fish must be g^ven v^ 
Paths lead up to various points of interest, as below. 

9. Trom AllerheHigen to Taxloiu pointa 

The tourist can proceed to (1) Oberklr^e, it 

three hours, passing Sulzbach, a Bath wboN 

waters are in composition and effects similar to 

those of Schlangenbad ; (2) to the high ridge of 

\ the ¥Ld\a\A^ wcv^ \;() RV^v<»ldsau (see route fran 



idenble ciirvo. T/jis road in now followed tlU ft ^ \w\T\s^t\?;«\«i<l^. To^\^^\vw3^\wwl^e«««tt«3^4. 



Route 57.] 



HAND-BOOK TO OEHMANY. — BLACK FOREST. 



203 



Allerheiligeu, take the zigzag path to the right accommodation, at moderate prices, in tlie " Rad 

leading up the hill, in about a quarter of an hour Haus." 

follow the turning to the left, to a solitary farm- Near Freicrsbach is PeterstheU, a Spa of some pre- 

bouse, and then, steep down hill, a bad cart road tentions; no loss than 400,000 bottles of the water 

toSulzbach. Accommodation plain, but good and being annually exported. J5ro/«/«.— Bar : M tiller, 

cheap. Excellent trout ; as, indeed, everywhere The neighbourhood abounds in pretty walks, and 

in the Black Forest. From StUzbach^ by Oppenau, a day or two may be pleasantly passed here. 



or shorter to Lautenbach, to the railroad junction 
at Renchen or Appenweicr ; the latter is the junc- 
tion for Strassburg. 

10. The Benchthal, Peterstlial, Rippold- 

sau, ftc. 



After leaving Pctersthal, the road follows the 
valley of Rench, and the country becomes less culti- 
vated ; near Biislcnbach the road to Antogast 
is passed on the left ; at Dottclbach, the road 
turns to the east to GrldSbacli, which is smaller 



For those proccedhig by road, either of the than Pctersthal, but celebrated for its springs more 
railway stations, Appenweier or Benchen than two hundred years ago. 



(next to Achem), affords easy access to this beau- 
tiful valley, and its mineral Springs. The roads 
join at Oberkirch before entering the Black Forest; 
but, the traveller wishing to save time, may be 
assisted by a railway (12 m.) now open (as under) 
from Appenweier to Opptnau^ not far from the 
Kniebis (by omnibus). 

Oberkircll (Stat.) /nn«.— Lfnde; Ochs; at 
the mouth of the Renchthal. Laaten1>aell 
(Stat.) /nn— Schwan. It has a fine Church, built 
in the llSth cextury. The valley narrows, and to 
the left is seen the road to Sulzbach and Aller- 
heiligcn. The line follows the banks of the Rench, 
and crosses the Rarasbach. 



The road from the Badhaus to the left mounts the 
heights of the KllldlllB in a series of bold curves, 
reaching in about an hour and a half some old 
earthworks called Alexanderschanze. The pedes- 
trian may, by passing the SophienhUhe, reach Rip- 
poldsau in half an hour less time than a carriage. 
The footpath is about ten minutes distance f^om 
Griesbach. Three paths lead on the right hand 
into the forest; the one to the left, following 
the telegraph wire. In a quarter of an hour some 
steps on the right lead to a small waterfall and a 
pretty view. Shortly afterwards the path divides, 
the middle must be chosen; on reaching a guide 



post, the left-hand path. There arc one or two open 
Hubacker (Stat.) for the Sulzbach Sulphur . gj^ces affording good views, and with seats for 

resting. Shortly before reaching the summit of 



Baths 

Oppenau (Stat.) Intu. — Stahlbad ; Post. Some 
good stained glass remains in the Church. From 
this point also, by the valley of the Lierbach, 
Allerheiligen may be reached in about two hours. 
From Oppenau two roads lead to the sununit of 
the Kniebis ; one passes no village, but rises 
steeply to the heights which separate Baden from 



the hill a clearing Is reached, where formerly stoo<l 
a small summer-house; the view is now much 
spoilt by the trees. It takes in Strassburg and t he 
Vosges Mountains. The path for a time keeps to 
the ridge of the hill, and then descends Into the 
forest ; to the loft a fine view into the Wolfsthal. 
The path conducts in about a quarter of an hour to 



Wiirttomberg. Here and there may be observed j a treeless hill (whence to the right may be hoard a 
the remains of old entrenchments, from the Thirty fine echo), and descends to join the carriage road in 



Years' War, and the wars consequent on the French 
Revolution. The second road, which meets the 
other on the summit of the Kniebis turns first to * 
the right, passing first Ibach. At LScherberg the 
road to Zell is passed on the right, and after passing 
some solitary houses the district containing the 
mineral springs of the Kniebis is reached. Dili- 
gences to Griesbach and Pctersthal. 
FtelenbaCh a mineral spring, with good \ bAWtftoot w %WW\*-«Nsk^ 



a series of zigzags. The walk from Griesbach to 
Rippoldsan requires about two hours. 

Rippoldsau (page 19ft), on the river Wolfs, lying 
at the southern base of the Kniebis, is one of the 
most beautiful of the Black Forest valleys; is also 
celebrated for its mineral sprin«a. V(-S*. "*» 



^SBC*^ 



v» 



\ 



204 



BRAD8HAW 8 ILLUSTSATED 



[Sec. S. 



In the summer there is ft daily communication by 
omnibus with Offenburg-. 

11. Rlppoldsau to Freudenstadt. 

(Diligence daily). 
The road from Rippoldsau (p. 196) to Freuden- 
stadtisa favourite promenade for the visitors to 
the former place. The frontier of Wttrttemberg is 
crossed at the summit of the Kniebis, and the road 
gradually descends to Freudenstadt, on the Forbach ; 
by following with the stream the tourist may, if he 
wishes It, reach the Murgthal,and return by Gems- 
bach or Eberstein to Baden Baden. 

12. Rlppoldsan to Scblltacli, Wolfach, 
and the valley of the Kinzig. 

From Rippoldsau the tour may be prolonged to 
Wol&Ch (Stat.) for Hausach, in the Kiuzig 
Valley, either (1) by taking the carriage road to 
Offenburg, following the course of the Wolfach, 
or (2) by the good road coming from Freudenstadt, 
and leading through Alpirsbach. 

A diligence leaves Freudenstadt every day for 
Alpirsbach, performing the distance in two hours 
for 1 mk. Only one village is passed on the road, 
Lossburg, lying near one of the chief sources of 
the Kinzig; which stream is soon seen, and its 
course followed to Alpirsbach, where was formerly 
a Benedictine monastery, and where there is still a 
fine church. 

Below Alpirsbach, the Kinzig receives several 
smaller streams, and in about an hour and a half 
after the Rothenbach has joined it Wttrttem- 
berg is quitted, and the Grand Duchy of Baden 
once more entered. The village of Schenkenzell 
with the ruins of its ancient castle is passed. To the 
right lies the rocky valley of Wittichen, traversed 
by the Schwabach; soon after which is reached 
Schiltach (Stat.), at the confluence of the rivers 
.Schiltach and Kinzig. There is a short line of rail 
from Schiltach to Wolfach. From this point the 
road continues to follow the river, crossing it at a 
little hamlet called Halbmeil and reaching shortly 
Wolfach (Stat.); about one hour after which, 
near the confluence of the Gutach and Kiuzig, the 
road joins that from Offenburg to Homberg. 

JS, From Schiltach to VlUingen (Stat.) 
T/ieroad, and also a abort branch raii, from Schll- 

t^ ^" ^^ ^^^ "'^ ^^ ^^'® ^*^^^^ *<> Schram- 

^y (Stat,), a short distance beyond the frontier 



of Wiirttemberg. Observe high upon the rocks 
the fine ruins of the Castle Nippenburg. The roads 
to Rottweil and Obemdorf afiord no inducements to 
penetrate further into Wiirttemberg* but a clmrm- 
ing excursion may be made in the opposite direc- 
tion, passing under the ruins of Nippenburg; then 
to the right into the valley of the Lauterbach, 
gently ascending between picturesque rocks and 
verdure, to Lauterbach; then the road becomes 
steeper as far as Fohrenbtihl ; just beyond which we 
again enter Baden, and the road descends through 
a magnificent wood into the valley of Schonacb, 
reaching in about an hour and a half Homberg. 

From Schramberg to Villingen, the road con- 
tinues to ascend the right bank of the Schiltach, 
but in about a quarter of an hour quits the stream. 
Where it comes out of the valley of Thenenbronn, 
are seen the ruins of Falkenstein, a castle, formerly 
of some importance. After passing the watershed 
the road descends to Hardt, crosses a stream, and 
ascends again to Konlgsfeld, a settlement of the 
Moravian brethren, or Hemihuters (fromHerm- 
hut, in Saxony, their head-quarters). As is usually 
the case with this body, this colony possesses 
a considerable trade, especially in linen, and an 
excellent educational establishment, to which 
pupils come from considerable distances. One may 
meet here missionaries from all parts of the world, 
and hear most European languages spoken. The 
colony was established in 1806. The road lias but 
little interest, and soon joins that from Triberg to 
Villingen, which town is reached in about an hour. 

VilUngen (Stat.) (Route 55). Jn«.~Po8t zur 
Blume. Regular communication with 0£BbX1- 
bUI^ (Stat.) (on the Baden line) and Donau- 
eschlngen (Stat.) (Route 55). Once a day through 
the beautiful valley of Simonswald to WaldUrcb, 
from which a short line to Denzlingen (Stat.) 
(near Freiburg on the Baden line; see page 206) 
was opened 1876. One-horse carriages (Eins- 
panner) may be had cheap. Here the Black Forest 
line, from Hausach, falls in. 

Villingen (population, 4,500) is mentioned in 
the records of the ninth and tenth centuries, and 
has shared in the varied history of most of 
tills part oi live country . The Dukes of Zclhringen, 
t\ie CouTvla oi ¥^T%Vcftyact^, \Xvfe k>v^V^^wv>,^Kft^«aa» 



Itoate 57.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — BLACK FOREST. 



205 



orer it. It was already in the fourteenth century 
the centre of all the trade of the eastern Black 
Forest with its capital Freiburg. The churches 
are worth a visit. The Brigach, which flows 
through the town, is interesting as being one of 
the sources of the Danube (Donau). Those who 
care to do so may follow the stream to Donau- 
eschlngen (Stat.), where a spring is shown in the 
gardens of Prince Fttrstenberg, which is called 
the Danube, but the Brigach and the Brege, which 
unite here, have both a better right to the title. 
Near Villingen, just over the Wiirttemberg fron- 
tier, is also the source of the Neckar. 

14. Yrom Offenbnrg up the Klnzigthal 
and Gutaclitlial to Homberg and 
Trlberg. 

Black Forest Rail. 
Communications by rail, now open to Hausach, 
Sommerau, and Villingen. Einsp&iner for short 
distances, cheap, at every inn. The stations are 
mentioned below, but the route is given by road. 

Offenbnrg (Stat.) An old imperial town, and 
g»od centre for hunting and flshing; remarkable 
for a statue set up to our Sir Francis Drake, 1853, 
to commemorate his bringing the potato into 
Europe, 1586. Population, 7,200. 

Leaving this, the road passes under the Castle of 
Ortenberg (Stat-)* rebuilt by its present pos- 
sessor in 1884-40, on the site of an ancient fortress. 
Passing through Ohlsbach and Reichenbach, in 
about an hour and a half is reached Gengenbach 
(Stat.) Above the town the flnc remains of the 
ancient Abbey of Gengenbach (suppressed 1804 on 
coming mider the rule of Baden) are to be seen. 

The Kinzig is crossed here, and the road con- 
tinues on its left bank, without any object worth 
special notice, as far as Blberach (Stat.) From 
here a road leads to the right in two hours and a 
half to Hohengeroldseck and Lahr. Hohengerold- 
seck may be visited by following this road as far 
as a solitary inn, called Schonberg, whence it is 
distant about three quarters of an hour. Tlie view 
repays the trouble, but much time is lost unless 
the object bo to make for Lahr and the railway. 

The road continues on tolerably level meadow- 
land, and a foot-path along the banks of the Kin- 
zig condncfs in the same direction to Steinach, 
mten the Kinzig is crossed for the last time. To 



the right is a road leading to Ettcnheim, but 
offering no special reasons for following it. In 
about three-quarters of an hour from Stcinach, the 
traveller reaches Haslach (Stat.) There is a 
carriage road to Elzach and Waldkirch; and a 
little further on a bridle road through the village 
of Mtthlenbach leading into the Precthal, joining 
the carriage road at Elzach. 

From Haslach the valley becomes narrower and 
more picturesque (indeed, up to this point the side 
valleys have been superior), and in an hour and a 
half Hausach is reached. There are here the ruhis 
of an ancient Castle, destroyed with many others by 
the French, a.d. 1683. 

A short distance from Hausach (Stat.)* near 
a saw mill {Inn, Zum Thurme), the road divides 
Branch on the left to Klmbacll and Wolfacb, 
&c. ; that on the right turns into the valley of the 
Gutach, and passing the side valleys, Sulzbach, 
Ramsbach, and Herrenbach, reaches in about an 
hour the pretty village of Glltach (Stat.) One 
hour further (by road) is Homberg (Stat.) (Inns : 
Post ; Bar). The Castle is worth a visit ; from 
the terrace is a fine view up four valleys which 
unite at this point, one of the most charming m the 
Black Forest. The rail now threads a succession 
of viaducts, tunnels, and bridges, past the next 
two or three stations. 

The fine new road to Triberg affords a delightful 
variety to the tourist. It commences by passing 
through pleasant meadow land as far as Nieder- 
wasser, after which it becomes more and more 
hemmed in by the hills and rocks. One spot, 
where a small chapel stands upon a rock, and 
further on, where the rocky valleys of Gfall and 
Gremersbach open, has been compared to the 
Hollenthal. At Kreuzbrilcke the view opens out, 
and Triberg may be seen. To the left a newly- 
made road leads to St. Georgen and Villingen ; on 
the right for some distance flows the Brigach, a 
feeder of the Danube. 

Triberg (Stat.) Hotels— Schwarzwald, first- 
class, highly recommended; Hotel Wehrle (Hotel, 
z. Ochsen), very well situated near the Water- 
falls; electric light; seeAdvt. Hotel and Pension 
Bellevue, well 8lt^lated^o^^t^^Jfc,^X»».'?s'e«^•%s.'l^^'^^ 



206 



BRADBMAW*8 ILLoSX&ATED 



[Sec. 3. 



bunit down (tbo dates of six fires aro preserved, 
the last being 1826) ; celebrated for its watch and 
clockinaking industry, but more often visited for 
the sake of its beautiful Water/all, the Fallenbach, 
which falls 500 feet in seven leaps. The path lead- 
ing to this turns to the left of the Lion Inn (Lowe), 
and guide-posts render any further mistake impos- 
sible. In ten mhiutes the lower fall is reached. 
A short distance higher a bridge crosses the torrent 
above the sixth fall. A few steps to the right is a 
beautiful view over the town and valley, and the 
path rejoins the road to Fnrtwangen. From Tri- 
berg the rail ascends to Somxnerau (&tat.)> At 
the Summit level of the rail, 2,730 feet above 
sea, reached by tunnels and zigzags both ways. 

iieocs to St. Gsorgen (2,G60 fcjt), PeterztfU, 

Kimacll, and VlUlngen (page 194). 

15. From Trlberg to Furtwangen. 

Diligence twice daily, 15 miles. 

The carriage road mounts the hill in large 
curves. The foot-path leads by the waterfall. 

Soon after leaving the Lindenwirthshaus, in the 
fir thicket, is a sign-post pointhig the road to 
.Martlnskappel - passing this and the next house, 
take the road (one and a half hour) to the Hof; 
from which to the Linden, in Untersimonswald, 
is one hour and a half, and thence to Waldkirch. 
This is a beautiful road for good walkers. 

The road passes along what was the brhik of a 
lake, long since dry. In a pretty glade lies the 
village Sjhonwald, near the source of the Gutach. 
The road then mounts the watershed between the 
Rhine and Danube, and descending the valley of 
Schiitzenbach, reaches 

Furtwangen (Hotels: Sonne; Adicr), where a 
great number of clocks and musical >>oxcs are 
made (population, 8,500), near Freiburg. 

Communication.— Post omnibus through Si- 

monswaid to WalcUdrclL (Stat.) and Denzlin- 

gen (Stat.) Private carriages at the hms, to 
Villhigen, or for the following route. Furtwangen 
was connected with DonanescMngen, oil the 
Black Forest rail, in 1893, by a line passing throagh 
Vdhrenbacll, Ilammereisenbach, and HUfingen. 

16. Fartwangen to the Tltisee, ftc. 

r^e pJo^aantcst mocle of prolonging the tour in 
^^/s directioti Is to follow the Utely constructed 
/o Ncukirch (one hour), and oiiwnrd in the 



south-east direction by Unterhaubach to Femhof, 
where the ancient road from Freiburg to Yillingen 
is met. Continuing still in a soatherly direction, 
we pass Widiwund and reach St. Waldaa (fair 
accoininodatiou). From this point the road begins 
to descend, aud following the pretty valley of 
Langeuordnach reaches in about an hour and a 
half the post road from Freiburg to Ncustadt and 
Donaucschingen. Turning to the right in the 
direction of Freiburg, in about three-quarters of 
an hour, at the roadside iim (Bar), the direct road 
leads to theUoellenthal aud Freiburg, the turning to 
the south-east to the Titisee, Lenzkirwh (page 215X 

17. Furtwangen to Waldkirch (Stat.), in 
the Simonswald. 

There are two routes leadhig from Furtwangen 
into the Simonswald, or Valley of the Gutach. The 
first to the right passes over the Kilpcn, but yields 
in every respect to that by GUtenbach. It turns 
to the right at Neukirche, mounting the hill and 
affording a magnificent view, in which many of 
the highest points of the Black Forest arc com- 
prised ; to the left the Hochfirst, Feldberg, and 
Belchcn; to the right, at no great distance, the 
Kandel. The road now descends hi one and a half 
hour to the village of Giitenbach. Inn. — Hochburg 
(fair). Finspamier to Untersimonswald, 2^ marks. 
For the rest of this tour and the ascent of the 
Kandel, see the next Route. 

18. Waldkirch (Stat.), Simonswald, the 
Kandel, ftc. 

Waldkirch is now a station on a branch from 
Denzling^ (see page 204). 

At Bleybach, the Simonswald road turns to the 

right along the banks of the Wilde Gutach, and 

enters the Untersimonswald, rich in fruit trees 

and crops in this part, but gradually as we mount 

the ascent becoming less and less hospitable. 

Several roadside inns are passed, and in about half 

an hour a beautifully situated chapel on a hill 

called I he HSmlcberg. Passing to the l<^t a pretty 

side valley, and the urns Krone and Ochs (both 

fair), we see to the left a beautifully-situated 

Church. The tourist will be specially struck in 

' the Simonswald with the hinumerablc monuments 

I of the piety of the inhabitants. Scarcely a house 

\ but ba« a cmcV^x. \.\\^\a.VX«t ol^u adorned with all 

* the em\)\f.m» ol \\\^ Ya*»V!w. «.\v^ \ic«wN\Vcii^ Wk 



Boute 57.] 



HAKD-BOOK TO GEBMANY. — BLACK FOREST. 



207 



evidenco of the zcul and ingenuity, if not of the 
finished workmanship of its contriver. 

By degrees the valley narrows in, wo pass the 
Mittel-Simonswald, and see the vine still against 
the house walls, and walnut trees in the gardens ; 
but they soon cease. Near Mattenhof the road 
divides; the left being tliat to Furtwangcn over 
the inhospitable Kilpcn ; the right continuing to 
mount the Simonswald, hi bold curves, soon rishig 
far above the torrent bed, to the Stem Inn ; whence 
is a magnificent view up the Gutach valley, of 
the Kandel and the Homkopr. In a few minutes 
will be seen the fall of the Zwcrribach, and the 
road passes through trees and rocks to the village 
of GUtenbach. (See last Route.) 

The ascent of the Kandel may be made from this 
point; a guide is advisable, but not absolutly 
necessary. Take either the old carriage-road 
along the stream to the point where it falls into 
the Gutach, or the new road to the Stem inn, and 
down to the bed of the Gutach. This torrent is 
then crossed, and the little valley of the Zwcrri- 
bach ascended for about half an hour, when the 
waterfall is reached. If this Fall be not equal to 
that of Triberg, which is considered the finest in 
West Germany, in height and volume, it is, at 
least, not far behind in picturesque beauty. In 
ten minutes from this point, steeply upwards to 
the right till the Blattenhof is reached, follow the 
torrent nearly to its source (3,800 feet) ; then in 
ten minutes to the left some sheds (Viehhiitte), 
and keeping along the ridge of the hill to the 
Kandclhof, then due west for a short distance, the 
summit of the Kandel is reached. 

The view from this point is not far inferior to 
tliat of the Belchen, and surpasses it in the beauty 
of the valleys in the foreground. Various of the 
Alpine summits are visible in clear weather, while 
the Yosges monntains and the Rhine plain as far as 
Strasburg are usually clear. The tourist who is 
imencunibered by a carriage may descend by 
several paths. 

1. Into the Glotter valley. From the Kandclhof 
southwards till the road from the Viehhiitte joins 
the other. Then to the right, passing some bouses 
to the Steinbach, following its course into the road 
from St. Peter to Dcnzlingcn through the 
Glollcrchal. 



2. By Stahlhof to Waldkirch, or by the ruins of 
Schwarzenberg to Waldkirch. 

3. From Kandclhof eastwards to a small lake, 
and thence to Glotterbad (good lodging and re- 
freshments). 

These last two are somewhat unsafe without a 
guide, or, at least, good directions at the Kandcl- 
hof. 

18a. The SclinttertliaL 

The station Dinglingeu gives the opportmiity of 
visiting the little, but busy town of Lahr, and 
making an excursion up the Schutterthal. 

Lahr (/» n, SonneX 1 0,809 inhabitants. The road 
rims along the banks of the Schutter, juissing 
Kuhbach, Reicheiibach, and Stehibach. Here to 
the left branches the road into the volley of the 
Kinzig, the best route for visithig Hohengerold- 
seck (see below). After Reichenbach comes 
Seelbach, formerly the capital of the very small 
principality of Geroldseck. On the left bank of tho 
Schutter is seen Daulensteiii, where Prince Leyen 
built a palace on the site of a former castle, burnt 
in the wars of the seventeenth century. As wo 
proceed the Black Forest character becomes more 
apparent in tho scenery, and the road passes 
Schutterthal, Hafen, and DUrlingbach. Imme- 
diately in front rises the Utihnersedel (2,500 feet). 

To the right the road leads past Ettenheim- 
miinster, where are still to be seen some portions 
of the magnificent ancient Abbey ; and further on 
to the Spring of St. Landolin, an Irish preacher of 
Christianity, murdered here, from whose grave 
five miraculous springs poured forth. This led to 
the foundation of a small priory, converted in 770 
by the then Bishop of Strassburg into a rich Abbey. 

In an hour from this point the railway station 
Ettenhaim (Stat.) may be reached. In the village 
Church the last of the Prince-Bishops of Strass- 
burg, Cardinal de Rohan, who had a residence here, 
is buried. It was while visiting him here that the 
Due d'Enghien was carried off to be murdered by 
order of Bonaparte, violating neutral soil in time 
of peace. 

From Steinbach to Hohengeroldseck. 

The excellent road passes along a pretty valley, 
! mounting as far as the ^«A&'t^<^4^ ^v>5«!Cft.'%s«&5fts«ic«x'«». 
. w\\CTC %\»ti^% tw vjXVuwi Vwv. ^'«««».S5«fi«^ 'V^«S^J 



208 



BBADSHAW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 3. 



footpath leads directly to the ruins of Hohengerold- 
Mck, affording a magnificent view. (The road con- 
tinues to Bieberach in the Kinzigthal.) The Castle 
is said to have been originally founded by Kerolt, 
brother-in-law of Charlemagne. It was destroyed 
in 1697 by Marshal de Cr^qui. 

19. From Waldklrcli (Denzlingen Stat.) 
to Elzach, and to Aaslacli in Kinzlgthal ; 
or by tlie Frechtbal to Trlberg. 

Watdkirch is a prettily situated town, with a fine 
town hall in the Renaissance style, and has also 
the remahis of a fine castle, Kastelberg, immediately 
over it. Many of the hand-organs which annoy 
Londoners are manufactured here, and the process 
of construction may be seen by the curious. 

Frequent communication between Waldkirch 
and Denzlingen by rail; omnibus to Elzach once 
a day ; to Furtwangen-Rottweil once a day. 

It is better to take public or private conveyance 
in going up the valley to Elzach, as the road, 
though pretty, presents no remarkable features. It 
crosses and recrosses the streams, passing by some 
small hamlets, and at Bleibach (church worth a 
visit) the road up the Simonswald to Furtwangen 
branches off to the right. 

The road remains of the same character, passing 
Nieder and Ober Winden, and reaching Elzach, 
where the road to Haslach, in the Kinzigthal 
(having but little to recommend it save to those 
who wish to go northwards), branches to the right, 
whilst our road continues in a north-westerly 
direction through the Prechthal to Triberg, &c. 

This road soon becomes more picturesque, the 
torrent is crossed four times, and the mountains 
close in. The road, however, is still passable to 
carriages through Unter and Ober Prechthal. (The 
costumes and manners here are among the most 
singular in the Black Forest). Here the road 
following the course of the Elz turns sharply to the 
south, passing Wittenbach. Soon after the latter 
village it quits the stream, rising steeply to Scho- 
neck, whence it descends into Triberg. 

20 Freiburg (Stat.). 
Population, 48,788. 

This city of Freiburg, or Freibwg'im'Breisgau 

Con ibe Baden }ine)\ as well from its history as 

from the beauty of ita aituatioD, one of the most 

attractive in the Grand Duchy of Baden, is ^ell 



worth an extended visit. It is, in fact, the oapital 
of the Black Forest, the best points in which can 
be visited in longer or shorter excursions from the 
town. Much rain here. 

Botels. — Hotel Sommer zum Zahringer Hof, close 
to the railway station, a first-class house, having 
few superiors in Germany; Europ^ischer Hof; 
Victoria; Engel; Fohrenbach; Pfau; Pension 
Utz; Pension Zahn; Hotel and Pension Lang; 
Pension Roseneck. 

English Church.— b\^ Kaiser-strasse. 

Ca6*.— From Station, 1 person, 60 pf. 

The city lies just under one of the furthest pro- 
jecting spurs of the Black Forest, at the northern 
side of the entrance to the valley of the Dreisam, the 
water of which being conducted in stone channels 
along the sides of the streets, adds much to the 
cleanlmess and salubrity of the town. There it 
here a small colony of English, attracted by the 
fine air, cheapness, and educational advantages. 
Since 1806 the city has been incorporated in the 
Grand Duchy of Baden, having been previously, 
till 1798, except when ceded some time to France, 
for forty years under Austrian rule. 

Kaiserstrasse is the best street, with its view up 
the Schonberg. In front of the Barracks are 18 
Tablets set up in 1874, on the anniversary of the 
deeds performed by the Baden soldiers at Bdfort, 
1871, during the Franco-German war. 

One of the chief objects of interest in the city isthe 
beautiful Cathedral, which, though not large, is one 
of the most perfect and almost the cmly complete 
Gothic cathedi'al in Germany. The earliest parts 
of the existing building, date probably from 1122 ; 
the latest, excepting trifling additions, being the 
choir, consecrated 1513. It contains some beautiful 
carved work, very fine stained glass, and an ancient 
crucifix of Byzantine workmanship, dating from 
the time of the Crusades when it was brought from 
the East. It is of silver gilt, and is fixed in one of 
the eastern chapels at the back of the Choir. (N.E.) 

The spire of the cathedral is one of the ornaments 
of the neighbourhood, and the delicacy of its 
tracery is probably unsurpassed. It is said to have 
furnished the idea of the celebrated spire of Strass* 
burg, to which, however it is considerably superior 
In every respeciX., aov^ Yi^x^W. \\.^ \vfe\^\. \& about 
410 feel. 



Route 57.] 



HAND-BOOK TO OERMANT. — BLACK FOREST. 



209 



Immediately opposite tlie south transept of the 
cathedral stands a quaint old building of the 15th 
century, called the Kaufhaus, ornamented with 
carvhig and figures. It has lately been restored. 

The Protestant Church is interesting as behig the 
old church of the Abbey of Thencnbach, which 
was brought hither from the Black Forest, and 
reconstructed stone by stone. The silver crucifix 
upon the communion table is much admired. 
Besides these buildings there are many smaller 
details here and there to interest the intelligent 
traveller. The Post-OflBce, formerly a palace of 
the Bishops of B&le ; the numerous Fountains, one 
or two of them dating from medisval times; the 
statue of Berthold Schwarz, a Franciscan monk 
of Freiburg, and inventor of gunpowder, standing 
in front of the remains of the cloister of his old 
monastery, are some of the more striking. 

The two principal remaining OcUes of the town 
are (1) the Martins-Thor, at the southern end of 
Kaiserstrasse, the principal street ; it is sur- 
mounted by a fresco painting of St. Martin sharing 
his cloak vrith a beggar; and (2) the Schwaben 
Thor(Swabian Gate) at the end of the Pfaffen and 
Salz streets. Over this there is a fresco painting 
of a Swabian peasant, driving homo a cart laden 
with wine. 

On passing throu,'h this gate the hills immedi- 
ately opposite present a beautiful view, and the 
road enters the valley of the Dreisam river, which 
is immediately crossed by a bridge. The view to 
the left is closed at the extremity of the valley by 
the high ground of the Black Forest ; that to the 
right by the Vosges Mountains. 

Environs of Freiburg. — No one ought to continue 
his journey from Freiburj;^ without having at least 
mounted the Schlossberg (Castle Hill), to the east 
of the town. It affords not only an interesting 
bird's-eye view of the city and cathedral, but very 
line views of the valleys of the Rhine and of the 
Dreisam. Two paths lead from the town, one from 
the Schwaben Thor (Swabian Gate), and another 
from the SLarFs Platz. There are no ruins still 
existing, beyond here and there vestiges of walls of 
the old fortified castles, mainly erected by Vauban 
during the time that this part of the country be- 
longed to France, and destroyed by the French 
Qwnen In 1744, daring war. The highest point la 



about 426 feet above thetown, andisinterscctedin 
all directions by shady paths. Unfortunately the 
shade only commences near the summit, the good 
citizens of Freiburg having apparently a great 
dislike to shady walks near their houses ; at least 
all good-sized trees either have been or are in 
process of being destroyed. 

Freiburg Schlossberg.— On the summit of the 
south-western part of the Schlossberg is a Pavilion, 
under which stands a table with the positions of 
many of the points both in and out of sight. The 
view is by many considered superior to that from 
the old castle at Baden-Baden, or the castle terrace 
at Heidelberg. To the east lies the green valley of 
Kirchzarten, watered by the J>rcisam; in the 
distance the entrance into the Hullenthal. To the 
south the Schauinsland; to its right the dome- 
shaped summit of the Belchen; to the south-west 
the Schonberg, and under this the Lorcttoberg; tho 
Rhine plain to the west, with tho chain of the 
Vosges, and the volcanic masses of the Kalsersthal. 
In every direction the view is fine, while in extent 
and variety it is almost unsurpassed. 

The return may bo made by the JU^erhUuschen, 
whither several paths Iroui the Schlossl)erg lead; 
an<l in about an hour the town is re-entered by the 
suburb Hcrdern. 

From the Schlossberg, by a path on the southern 
side, or from the JagcrhUuschcn by Ilebsach, and 
Schi3uhof, the /2o«il*o;)/(2, 430 feet) may be ascended 
in about an hour, by shady paths. The trees on 
the summit have grown so as tu intercept the view 
of Strassburg spire, but tliat over the Black Forest 
is very fine and wild. A patli from this point 
reaches, in about thirty minutes, St. Ottilien, a 
solitary chapel with a mineral spring, in a lovely 
spot, where refresliments and very fair I^ndwein 
(wine of the country) may be procured. Two 
paths, both pretty, return from here to Freiburg. 

Another excursion usually rcconnnended is ta 
GUntersthal, either in carriage, or bettor walking, 
entering the woods at the left-hand side, about five 
minutes from Freiburg, reaching the village in 
about half an hour. The Convent buildings and 
the little hamlet lie picturesquely in a green valley 
surrounded by the Black Forest hilU. V\. Sai. vsrsNSi, 



\ 



huUdliigri mn ugw nwotly cuiivn1«d Liit 
From hcR miy b* tMIkiI Bt. VmIei 

KybtrtHii (flue Tlewi). 
Fruin RUnlcnthal nluni o >hiirf cIL 

iindnHulcm>mbrldj!elo thelcrit U 



Bl>ivw«r^-. £ HI,) ftt tkr 



b* made by UUat ■ onlaie (altuplaacr 
DuBan (tiro hoius) tt 
. of ibe KilHntDhl ; Ibetm wUh ■ gvlda In 
r lo tb* N(im Llndan (olna Umnrml.tbe 



JBKTOwlj- ir 



Th8 Schiinbctg, a rDondlib i 
tbs LorctCobcrK, al» afforda 
rowardlng amply Ihe Mmcwhi 



lhcroi.il LMdinym I 
DllUry hill behind I 






ly up Iho hill, and tool 
sy. wonfa vlilllng In a 



slanged to FnDCa for oonalduiibje pciloda boU 
I wu and pfiMS. The moat Intareatlog bnUdtnf 
the town la tla church, wbloh euDtalni iilao 
I 9nfiGVT«dwork. Fnun Bnluch either (1) rv 
tlia mute nunllaned abore to Nena UDdeo, 
I thence Ihron^ Vogtabnig and Scbellugen t 
Catharlnt'i Chapel; or {3) omlttlnff the ] 
Llndea altogelhei, go althet by poat or boal o 
! Bblne (S to SJ marki) to BarUelm ) thence 
I lDi>lpath on the bank, or, keeping to the Ihki 



Bbick Foreiit Maud 


well out 


from 


thl> niRiin 


8tn»linrE aplre nu 


y aim be 






mnderildy clear. 


(VKhbi a g 






SctaSnbDig voQ uii 






a BlImpM 


thep«kioftbeBi.nie.eOI«H 






Auother palh afr« 


d» a vf rj- 


prct 


y walk to t 


n,«1h of Fwllinrg 




01 






of Ziih 


ingen (ZUhrtng. 


BehloB). ite forme 


realdenc 


of 


the Duke. 


ZUbrlngen, anecttor. of the G 






Baden. From (he 9 






U nfforclcd of the r 


hino plil 
















n, ihoajrh n 


In the Black Forcit, 


nghttobe 








y bemad 








hi, a riinp 


of 




/j'/ag-rufrlbe Bblne. 






erly dlredl 


''^•FnlbBrt. 









Unrkhelm, to the rolna of the oaatli rf 

le COj«« iif UaHurg, the probable blilh- 
tbe renowned Rodolpb ot Hapahaig, 
the Imperial booH at AnitrU. Tbi 
ihe road from Brelaach hare aboi 
tifnl views (^ and aoroaa the Bbtne. 
Imburg through Saabach, and Kit 



I TheKal«rMubl li worth Tlalllngwitbi^aidt* 
I dielr .peclal Uitci. by botanlatfc eatonolociitt 
I i.nd gcologiMi, no leu [ban on aeconnt of lli 



M TBfi*') ill ftai Dnttam a, 



Boute 57.] 



HAND'BOOK TO GBAMANY. — BLACK FOBBST. 



211 



Escbbach, to the village of the same name, whence 
the road leads very steeply to St. Peter, an old 
Benedictme monastery, now a Theological College 
of the diocese of Freiburg. It was originally 
founded by the Dukes of Zahringen, as a burial place 
for the members of their family, and flourished 
till this part of the country was given to Baden, 
which government at once suppressed it. The 
buildings may be visited. 

From a Chapel and house of Sisters of Mercy on 
the Lindenberg, about a quarter of an hour's walk 
south and west of St. Peter, is a magnificent view, 
taking in the Feldberg, and other giants of the 
Black Forest, and the Dreisam valley, with the 
distant Vosges mountains. 

The road leads from St. Peter between the 
Flaunsen and the Kandel (which may, also with 
a guide, be ascended from here), through the 
beautiful Glotterthal to the railroad at Langen- 
Denzlingen. 

22. Freiburg (Stat.) to St. Margen, Urach, 
and Donaueschliigen (Stat.); or to Neustadt. 

The route is less attractive on account of its 
picturesque beauty than from the idea it gives 
of the wildness and solitude of some of the Black 
Forest scenery. Either a carriage or the post may 
be taken from Freiburg; the former to St. Margen, 
the latter to Burg Station, or to Ilimmclreich. 
From the former a road leads (in about two hours) 
up the Ibenthal to St. Margen. From the latter 
the ruins of the castle Wisncck being left to the 
left-hand, Buchenbach is passed, and the road 
proceeds up the valley along the Wagensteig to 
St. Margen. Rather longer time than in the 
former case will be required. The ascent occupies 
part of an old Roman road, which, however, turned 
to the right before reaching the summit. St. 
Margen (3,000 feet above the level of the sea) is 
another suppressed monastery, but does not repay 
a visit for the building's sake. 

The road now passes along Hinterstrasse (a 
hamlet) to Hohle Graben, rising some 500 feet. On 
reaching the summit, turn not to the right, towards 
Waldau, but to the left along the ridge of the hill 
to the Kalte Herberge, where the road descends 
the valley of Urach along one of the sources of the 

Danube, to Hammereisenbacli (Stat.), and 

J^re^r^bacbf about twelve miles from St. Margen. 
By keeping along the ridge of hills from Kalte 






Herberge, in a somewhat northerly direction, the 
traveller reaches V51irenbacll (Stat.), a great 
clock manufacturing town. Fine musical machi- 
nery is also made. From Y ohrenbach the road leads 
southwai-ds to Bregenbach and to Donaueschin- 
gen (Stat.) There is now railway communication 
from Vohrenbach through Hammereisenbach 
(above) and Hiifingen. See pages 206 and 218. 

On the point above the valley wherein the Urach, 
Brege, and Eisenbach meet, stand the ruins of the 
Castle Neufiirstenberg, destroyed in the Peasante' 
War. Near here are considerable iron-works. 

To Neustadt. 

Those who do not care to proceed to Donaueschin- 
gen, which, except as the place where the Danube 
first assumes its name, is hardly worth a visit, can- 
not do better than turn just before Bregenbach to 
the south, up the Eisenbach valley. At Eisenbachle 
is a small bathing establishment, with sunple, but 
tolerable accommodation. The road leads through 
Eisenbach village and Hochst (fine view of the 
Alps) in about four hours to Neustadt. Post 
wagen daily to Donaueschingen. Rail to Freiburg 
(through the H511enthal). 

The road from Bregenbach passes along a green 
valley, with a fair trout stream, in half an hour to 
Fischen (good trout), and then by Zindelstein and 
Welterdingen to Donaueschingen. See route 24. 

Ascent of the Schaulnsland, 4,220 feet 

high, (fee. 

The nearest of the principal heights of the Black 
Forest to Freiburg is the Schauinsland or Erg- 
kasten, a fine mountain to the south of the 
town, and a fair day's walk. There are 
several ways of ascending it. One Is to enter 
the wood at the left-hand comer of the entrance 
of the Giintcrsthal valley, and to follow the 
signposts, ''Nach dem Schauinsland."" This road, 
with here and there a fine opening, leads througli 
trees to within half an hour of the summit. 
Another shorter road is to pass through Olinteri- 
thai village, right along the valley to the JSger- 
haus, and then along a zigzag forest path to the 
left. There are so many paths that it is better to 
continue asking till one is sure of the right one. 
In about an hour and a half the 
and \Xie T^fedft^\.x\ft.tk. -'r^ «o5tfs? 
laat ftpiVn^ \a eJowoN. >m^ ^^^ 




212 



bradsha^-'s Illustrated 



[Sec. d« 



The Ylew extends to the north, east, and south, 
over the principal heights of the Black Forest 
chain -on the east and north are the Kandel, Feld- 
berg, and the Belchen ; to the west the wliole chain 
of the Vosges with the Rhine valley ; to the south 
the Jura, and beyond this the chain of Alps from 
Glamlsch and TUdi, to the left, to the Bernese 
peaks of the Schreckhom, Wetterhom, Finsteraar- 
hom, Eiger, Monch, and Jungfrau; still further 
to the right the Diablerets, Dent du Midi, and 
Hont Blanc. Of course, the completeness of the 
view depends entirely upon the clearness of the 
day. The Alps may be wholly invisible, and yet 
much may be left in view. 

To descend, take a northerly direction, bearing 
a little to the east, along some stone landmarks, 
till the valley opens on the left, then look out for 
the path which leads down the abrupt brow of 
the hill, where a landslip, In 1849, buried three 
men. A spring of delicious water is reached, and 
the stream is followed through a beautiful valley, 
down the Kappler Thai, to Littenweiler, a minora! 
spring, with good accommodation in the bathhouse. 
From here the road leads in about half an hour to 
Freiburg. 

Those who fear a long walk may reverse this 
route, taking a carriage along the Kappler Thai 
as far as Molzbauer (Einspanner, 5 marks), and 
thence climbing the hill. 

A still easier route is by taking a carriage to 
Hofsgrund, passing Ebnet, Zarten, and Kirch- 
xarten, thence up a lateral valley to Oberricd, in 
two hours. The road rises continually as far as 
Hofsgrund. Here the carriage must bo left, and 
a guide may be taken ; the summit will be reached 
in about an hour. 

From the Schauinsland the Feldberg may be 

reached. Leavuig Hofsgrund to the left, make for 

Haldenwirthshaus on the old road from Freiburg 

to Todtnau, which must be followed till in half 

an hour it joins the new road from Freiburg to 

Oberried. Where the road joins is a monument. 

Then go straight across to a fair road leading 

along the ridge of the hill, avoiding every turning 

to the right or left. In about two hours the path 

cornea out of the woods on the great naked Fcld- 

fferg', baying passed the live at which treea can 

Mre. Nigrht accommodation may be had In \Ue 



Adler (E.ngle) at Todtnauberg; In the Todtiianer 
VlehhUtte (Ch&lets); and better still in a new Inn 
near the top of the Feldberg. The taking of a 
guide Is recommended to any one wishing to make 
this excursion, as when once in tho forest, it Is 
not easy to find the road if missed. 

24. Freiburg (Stat.) to Neustadt, ftc. 
The Hftllenttial 

This road is now traversed by a rail. Stationt, 
Himmelrelch, Hirschsprung, HuUstelg, Tltlsee 
(see page 215), Neustadt, 21f miles. 

The carriage road leaves Freiburg by the Schwa- 
ben Thor, and passes along the middle of the valley 
of the Drelsam. A carriage should be taken at 
least as far as to Hlmmelrelch, which is reached 
In about an hour and a half. After leaving Frei- 
burg the villages of Ebnet and Zarten arc passed, 
and the station of Burg Is reached, where the 
road to St. Margcn branches off to the left. Shortly 
after changing horses the road enters, to the right, 
the narrower part of the valley, whose luxuriant 
vegetation, compared with the rocky nature of the 
pass shortly to be reached, has obtained for It the 
name of Uimmelreich (Heaven). On a hill to the 
left are the ruins of Castle Wlsneck. 

The valley becomes narrower, and Its sides 
steeper and more rocky as you enter the HStlenthal 
or Hell (Holle) Valley. On a high poak to the 
left, almost overhanging the road, are seen the 
ruins of the Robber Castle of Falkensteln. The 
road, which In many parts here was cut out of 
the solid rock, was constructed by the Austrian 
Government, In 1770, for the passage of the unfor- 
tunate Marie Antoinette on her way to bo married 
to Louis XVI. The Hollenthal is also celebrated 
for the masterly retreat of Morcau, in 1796. 

The rocks approach each other more and more, and 
at the same time Increase In height, and turnings 
comer the actual gorge of the pass Is seen. In five 
minutes another comer Is turned, the rocks recede, 
or give place to trees, and the valley resumes its 
former character. The highest rock is called tb'« 
HirschsprunQy or Hart's Leap. 

From here may be best made tho ascent to the 
Feldberg. Sec next route. 

After passing a small chapel and the Stem (Star) 
lmi^V)ti«TQ&^«Ac«(v^'&'^^ «k c&\A\A»c&ble number of 



Houte 57.] 



UAXD-BOOK TO GEKMANY. — BLACK FOREST. 



213 



ducts the passeogor in less time to the sammit, and 
and the view is worth the fatigue. 

After about half an hour a small road-side inn 
(Kossle), with very tolerable refreshments, is 
reached. The road lying here along the high 
table-land affords little variety or interest. 

On reaching the inn called Zum Schwarzen Barcn 
(the Black Bear) the road divides ; that to the right 
leading to Lenzkirch and Schaffhansen, that to the 
left reaching in about an hour and a half, through 
meadow-land, the town of 

Neustadt, an Industrious little town, where in the 
inns or billiard rooms one may hear several of the 
languages of Europe spoken. 

The road shiks here into the bod of the valley, but 
only to rise again steeply to the Rothenbacher 
Schanzc. A road leads to the left to the remains of 
the monastery of Frledenwcllcr (suppressed 1805), 
now used as a brewery. 

From this height the tourist has an extensive 
view over the flat country called the Baar- no 
longer belonging to the Black Forest. 

In about two hours Rbthenbach is reached, then 
LKiffingen, the post house of Unadingen, Doggingeu, 
and at last the traveller arrives at IlUfingen. In 
the Schloss are some small collections of curiosities, 
Koman and German. 

From this point, passing Allmendshofen, 

DonaueSClllllgen (Stat.) is reached In about 
lialf an hour. 

roruLATiON, 3,600. IxNs.-Falkc; Post. 

Palace of the Prince of Fttrstcnbcrg (not 
shown), and in his garden the exceedingly taste- 
less well-like erection, in which are what arc called 
the Springs of the Danube, 1.800 miles from the 
Black Sea. See page 20',. Valuable MSS. and old 
German pictures in the Carhhau. 

Post omnibus to Neustadt, on the Hollenthal 
Railway. Rail to SIngcn, for Constance. Rail to 
HUfingen, Hammereisenbach, Vohrenbach (page 
211), Schonenbach, and FUTtwangeil (page 206). 

25. Ascent of the Feldberg, 4,9oo feet high. 

Having followed the last route as far as the Old 
Post-house, and made an early dinner there, follow 
the road as far as the Stern, but if a guide is not 
taken, fair weather should be selected. 



entering which take the right-hand road, mountinir 
steeply for about half an hour to open ground with 
saw mills and farm buildings. In five minutes, by 
the side of a wood, at a roadside cross, take the 
path to the left: in ten minutes more to the right, 
down to a saw mill ; next, In another ten minutes, 
through a gate, and then to the left, a somewhat 
untrodden path to the Gaspelhof, after which follow 
the cart-road leading along open ground, often 
between heaps of burning charcoal, for about an 
hour, not descending. Then a deep valley opens in 
front, and the road, turning to the right, passes a 
short distance above a long low cattle-shed; in 
about five minutes a wood is reached, and a sign- 
post at its entrance points the road Zum Feldberg. 

On emerging from this wood the path descends 
to Rlnken (two or three cottages), after passing the 
last It crosses a cart-road and enters another wood, 
leading up a very steep ascent to the Baldenweger 
VlehhUtte. 

Before leaving the wood notice a view down 
a valley on the right; and from this point the 
rough road must be followed till the grassy summit 
of the Feldberg Is reached. In about half an hour. 
But the pedestrian must not Imagine that the top 
of this mountain Is a small point,easlly distinguish- 
able, lie will not even be able at first to see the 
tower which marks the highest groimd, but must 
go on ascending, leavhig if he will the rough road, 
and keeping on till he strikes a footpath cut in the 
turf. This will lead him on the right to the tower, 
on the left to the inn, where he will find good re- 
freshment and a comfortable lodging. From the 
tower to the inn is nearly a half-hour's walk, the Inn 
lying on that part of the Feldberg called the See- 
buck, south-east of the highest point. If the 
weather be favourable the view from the summit 
of the Feldberg Totter Is one of the finest which 
can be conceived. Keys at the inn, or at the 
Menschenschwander HUtte. The eye takes In the 
whole chain of Alps, with the foreground of the 
Jura, and to the right the giant Mont Blanc, 
standing alone. The chief points of the Black 
Forest are, of course, all distinguishable, and to 
the north-west Strassburg and its cathedral. 

Another route, anil one often chosen by pedes- 
trians from Freiburg to the Feldberg, is to <«W«s^ 



Immediately on passing the Stem, to the right, U\<J vaW^j^ «i?. Iw ^-j. lgAt<>>gci.^^^ss a.\ "^^^ ^ "l^ 
if path leads aoroas a meadow to the wood, ou ! \i\\CTvv\\iv\\c^- \<i\V^'«Ss^\^*'^**^'*'*'*^ 



I ILLDSTBATED 



> only npon 



by taking a carriage ■ 



i> some SO feet hlRhorilo 
p Borae jt*i», nnder whicli 

tbe Rlilne. Pncevding on- 

rnom IntMonlng MFS of Bll, 



S. Bf Todlaan d b W w b sodescrlbfd 
balDW (In reTerte il 

at. from Qm FeldlMix thronsh the T«lira 
mior to Brannat (on Uu Bula nil), 
«t Tloerenft. 

Ebli^bmej- from Todtmoos to BreiUMt l8tat.> 
lTiiiUfl.troinBUs,SliD^ not nlwaji.lo Ds bad, 

TaUni; freiu the BDmndt o[ the Feldberg tbe paCli 
Itsdlng to Todtnmi, and follawbig the yUley of (be 
WloB. wfl meet llieie s carriage road toSl, BLoalen, 



!T. Tiis wiaMnthil from tha Basle rail 
at SchopQielm to Todtnau and tbe 
Feldberg. 



L gcliopaielm (Stat) < 



hnbltanta, In dan; 



rigbt. monntbig: iilffly ti 



U tbclloohkopClsiBiMd, j '*"""'™'":""''>S aeveral acres, at other timet 

and the descent oommencM bilo the Wchra VaUf,. I ^''"^ '"""' '" ""f"' 

pudns BilltL Mid roachbig In about an bonr 1 ^™° Schoplhelm the raU ascciidB the Wlescn- 

Todtmocw. "">' t<* Fahnau (Stat.> and Hansen (Stat.i 

The uner part o[ thl> TaDajr equamnK If not ''inh-place of tlie poet Hebeli then to ZeU-lm- 

«in>..dng tho Holle..tlu.1 in grandenr, ll=s be- ( '»!« <81*t->. » "°»" '"'* ""'J ™""J""urinE 

tween TodtmoM and Wehni or Wohr Huee I K"™. "d thcnee through SchBnaU (8tat.) and 
Dtienfald (Stat.) to Todtnan (Stat.). 



oadluu t 



^D the plabia Breimat 



mZfUbfro 



Boute 57.] 



UXSD'BOOK TO OBEMANT. — BLIOK FOREST. 



Slfr 



hATo knelt. About half an bonr further isUtien- 
feld. The road branches to the left through the 
MUnster Thai to Stauffen and the Baden railway to 
Kroalngen(Stat.X or Krotzlngen. 

The road to the right leads to Todtnao, which is 
reached in an hour. 

Todtnau owes its existence in so cold and inhos- 
pitable a spot to the silver mines which were for- 
merly worked here. Now the chief occupation is 
brush making. 

From this point there are three routes to the 
summit of the Peldberg. which may also be used 
for the descent. 

1. By Brandenburg and Fahl (waterfall). 

3. By a good footpath to Laubisfelsen, past a 
waterfall to the village of Todtnauberg, then to the 
ri«ht. 

S. The new Oberriedt road as far as the monu- 
ment, and then to the left, as mentioned above. 

28. Freilmrg (Stat) to S6Uucluiee and 
St. Blasien. 

The route from l^Veibnrg through the Hollen- 
thalisthe same as that to Neustadt^as far as the 
Bear Inn (Zum schwarzeu Bareu). Here the road 
turns to the right, and i-eaehes iu about a quarter 
of an hour the Titisoe, a small lake some 2} miles 
long and 1 mile wide ; the stream emerging from it 
is called the Gatach. There is now a station at 
Titisee, on the Hollenthal line, and a Bath Estab- 
lishment and good hotel (the Schwarzwald). There 
is exceedingly pure air, good fishing and boating 
on the lake, and any amount of excursions can be 
made from the hotel. At the other extremity of 
the lake is the Bruderhaide, whence the path along 
tlie Biirenthal winds through rocks and trees to the 
Feldberg. 

By a solitary house called See Hof, the road again 
eommences to ascend by a fine winding road, with 
occasional glimpses of the lake below, as far as Saig. 
(FnHn this point a private carriage will probably 
turn more to the right, taking a wild but shorter 
road toSchluchsee and avoiding Lenzkirch.) The 
road passes down the steep descent called MUhlin- 
gerateige into the Falkauer Thai, under the ruins of 
the Castle Urach, and again rising to the cemetery 
dtoiMl, soon brings the traveller to 

liSirzuKCH. Population, 1,800. Inn — ^PqbI. 



by diligence. By qteading a short time here 
much of the neighbourhood may be explored, and. 
at a moderate cost, an £insp8ancr for half a day 
costing only 8| marks. 

Leaving Lenzkirch by the road to Thiengen, the. 
travelfer must follow it as far as (8 miles) Dre0> 
selbach, whence a carriage-road bears to the rit^bl 
tothevillageof 8cblilCllsee(Inns— Stem; Schilf)« 
There is a footpath nearer from Unterlenzkircb. 

The village of iS(rA/«cAs«e affords very scanty ae- 
commodatlon, but the country round is fine, the air 
invigorating, the lake, though small, beautiful, and 
good trout or pike fishing may be had. Con^- 
quently in the summer it not unfrequently happena 
that every house and every bed is full. 

Pedestrians proceeding to St. Blasien should 
cross the lake ; the boatman will put them into tM 
right path, and they will have a grand walk. 

The carriage-road skirts the edge of the laktf. 
under trees for about a mile, and then rounds 
the extremity at Seebruck, at the egress of the 
Schwarzach from the lake. 

Here opens the valley of the Schwartach, a nar- 
row valley through porphyry and granite rocks, 
along which a road passes which can be traversed 
in a carriage. AtOber and Unter Leinegg the side 
valley of the Foh^enbach is passed; which equals 
that of the Schwarzach in beauty. The road leadson 
to Berau, beyond which the Schwarzach falls into 
the Schlucht, which shortly afterwards enters the 
Rhine plain. 

Those who cannot afford time for passing through 
the whole Schwarzach valley, arc advised, at least, 
to penetrate the gorge between HSnsoni and the 
Schlucht as far as circumstances will allow. 

By Elsenbrech and Blaslwald the road rises high 
above the Schwarzach valley, affording at times 
beautiful views into the wild depths below. After 
passing Hausom is seen to the left a village on still 
higher ground. This is Hochensehwand, the highest 
inhabited spot (8,826 feet) of the Grand Duchy of 
Baden. To the right turns our road, and descends 
rapidly till the huge dome of the Church of St. 
Blasien announces the speedy end of the day's 
journey. 

St. Blasien. 

Population, l^QOO. 



Tlfit Is now i^cc^Mlble from the TJtlsee sWion \ <>t Vt^ K\i>»l\ "Vfoww 






216 



BRAD8UAW 8 ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 3. 



Tho Abbey of St. Blcuien^ founded a.d. 940, was 
one of the fliiest in Germany. It was governed by 
A Prince-Abbot, and owned extensive domains in 
the Black Forest. Having been destroyed by fire, 
It was rebuilt only some twenty years before 
coming into the possession of Baden, and being 
suppressed. Many of the monks fled on this 
occasion into Austria, where the Emperor gave 
thorn a new monastery. The government of Baden 
i*emoved such of the ornaments of the Church, 
organs, Ac, as could well bear it, to Carlsruhe, and 
•tripped the copper oflTthe dome to coin into money. 
The repairs, however, which this last piece of 
Vandalism necessitated have, it is said, cost more 
than the sura coined. 

Tho Palace of tho Prince-Abbot, the cells and 
buildings bt-longhig to the Abbey, are now a cotton 
manufactory, a factory for fire-arras, and dwelling- 
houses, nearly tho whole population residing within 
tho walls. 

The Alb river affords good trout fishing. 

From St Blaslen down the Alb yalley 

to Albbriick (on the Baden line) . 

Khis]>anncr, 10 marks. Diligence, twice daily, 
in tho season. 

The first mile from St. Blnsien U the same road 
ns thst by which wc entered it; then turning to 
tho right the road follows the course of the river; 
after some throe or four niUos the iron works, 
Kutterau, are reached; further on (the road still 
passing through meadow land), Irameneich; after 
which tho valley narrows somewhat. Two miles 
more, and Nledonnlihle is passed; the road rises 
more and more above the bed of the river, and the 
sides of the latter become more and more rocky. 
As tho road priceods further, this wild character 
iK'comoi moro pronounced; the river is at times 
15») to 'iO) foot perjiendlcularly Iwneath the road, 
forrin.r its wav botwcou or over huge masses of 
rook, and yot tho sound is but faintly |>erccived. 
There is one point in particular, where, on the 
right-hand side. Instead of tho precipice, a pro- 
jecting bastion of rock, covered with foliage, affords 
such a niaimificont Victr both up and down the 
vHllcy, nft h ii/^o^iiallod by anything of the same 
A/»ff In tho wholo Bluck Forest. 
TAe road after thin jrradually descends to \^c 

of tho riror nt Tiofcn^toin; it then <\v\Us \\xe 



stream once more, passing through five tunnels cut 
in the rock, and aflfbrding from time to time views 
almost equal to those lately seen. A sixth tunnel, 
and another view, and the road becomes less in- 
teresting. The hills on the opposite side of the 
Rhine come in sight, and we seem to be descending 
into the plain, when one more tunnel, and one last 
view into the abyss, come upon us. After this the 
road turns to the left through the wood, and without 
anything else to call for notice, reaches, in about 
an hour, Albbrtiek (Stat.X <^t which good refresh- 
ments may be had, and the rail taken for Constance 
or B&le. From WaldBhut, towards Constance, 
the line passes OberlaiU^hrlllgeiL ; from which a 
branch runs up to Stttlillllgeil and WeiUII, 
in the direction of Donaueschingen. 

30. Milllhelm (Stot.) to BadenweUer, fte. 

On the Baden Railway M«l1h«liw is reached in 
al>out an hour from Freiburg. There are usually to 
be found omnibuses and carriages for Badenweiier. 
As the distance is nearly all uphill, a pedestrian who 
follows the footpath will not require more time than 
a carriage in reaching 

Badenweiier. 

Inns. — Romer Bad, first class; Hotel Sommer, 
formerly Hotel Carlsruhe. 

Refreshments may also bo had at tho Kurfaaos, 
and dtiring tho season lodgings in most of the 
houses, by giving notice beforehand, as the plaee 
is usually very full. This Httlo village, witk 
its Spa, lies in one of the loveliest situations in tbe 
Black Forest, rather more than 1,880 feet above the 
level of the sea. The air is exquisitely pure, and li 
indeed more efficacious than the exceedingly wedc 
mineral springs; while walks and drives in every 
direction offer the recreation and inducements at 
needful for convalescents or weak nerves. 

This place was known to the Romans, under At 
name of Aqiue. In 1784 Roman BaUu were dis' 
covered here, and have been thoroughly excavated 
and covered in. They are amongst the naoet |M^ 
feet remains of their kind in Europe. The entiie 
length of the buiidmg is over SCO feet, the bresdtk 
alH)ut 100. In many of tho divisions the maitk 
slabs lining the walls remain perfectly fixed ii 
\ \\vQ\T v\^c<^«, and the whole of the chambeis tie 
\ AVsvVivcWy tfew>^\v»aX\^. X't'wst^iwi'^ \ft sin iuserip- 
\ Wow ow tvlJ,Qvatk.\\\>\\V!Ot %\>J^ %\KoA\cv%V,>^^Kbge«i0k 



Route 57.] 



HJLND-BOOK TO GERMAN T. — ^BLACK FOREST. 



217 



tho whole iras consecrated to Diana Abnoba— i.e., 
Diana of the Black Forest. 

Tho bathing population meet in the Cursaal and 
the pleasant grpnnds surrounding, where a band of 
music plays several times a day during tho season; 
and, in fact, for those who do not care for tho 
gaieties and fashionable life of Baden Baden, this is 
a far pleasanter residence, being at least as pretty, 
close to much finer scenery, and quite free from the 
heavy oppressiveness of the air so often felt in 
Baden. 

In the midst of the grounds lying behind the 
Cursaal, upon tho summit of a steep hill, rise the 
ruins of the old Ca$tle of Badenweiler. Tho 
Romans had built a fort here, for the security of 
the Baths. The present building was destroyed in 
1678. The view from the summit is magnificent, 
comprising the Rhine plain, the Vosges, and some 
of the chief points of tho Black Forest. 

Environs of Badenvoeiler. — In the immediate 
neighbourhood of Badenweiler are some very 
pretty walks. Just opposite the old Castle, at the 
edge of the wood, is an open space, to be reached in 
about twenty minutes, called Sophiensruhe, and 
ascending the hill through tho wood a spot is 
reached in about a quarter of an hour called the 
Alte Mann (^old man), a mass of rocks made easily 
accessible by steps and bridges. The view is 
similar to that from Sophicnsruhe, with the 
addition of the wood as immediate foreground. 

Another short walk Is by the Schwcighof to the 
ruin of the Castle of Neucnfcls, also affording a fine 
view, and returning by Oberweller, the upper 
Town, above the Baths, where, in the homely Inn. 
J^um Wilden Mann^ are four water-colour draw- 
ings, said to have been made by the Emperor 
Kapoleon III., in payment of his bill, he having 
spent nhieteen weeks here under the name of 
St. L^on, before his unsuccessful attempt atStrass- 
burg. 

31. Badenweiler to Burgeln, Ascent of 
the Blauen. 

There is a road easily found from Badenweiler to 
Biirgeln, with signposts all the way ; or guides and 
mules may be had in abundance, in Badenweiler, 
at fixed prices. 

The road most recommended, however, combines 
tfte tucent o/ ffie ^famn (S,630 feet), the nearest 



to the Rhine, and the furthest south of the principal 
Black Forest heights, on the western side. Time 
on foot, 2) hours. To the summit a donkey costs 2| 
m arks, and there Is a good road. A footpath is some- 
what shorter than the latter, and the ascent by it 
requires about two hours. The view is similar to 
that from the Schauinsland, but hardly so fine. It 
comprises four distinct ranges of mountains — the 
Black Forest, the Vosges, the Jura, and above the 
latter, in clear weather, a fine view of the Alps. 

In less than two hours, bearing somewhat to tho 
right, the Schloss Biirgeln is reached. 

There is here very good accommodation for a 
few travellers, though not for the night for a large 
number. 

The building is a former Priory of the Abbey of 
St. Blasion, ui a beautiful situation, lying on the 
southern declivity of the Blauen, with a similar 
view, though, of course, not so extensive as that 
from the summit. 

In the long corridors and rooms still hang the 
pictures of the former benefactors of the Abbey, 
and over the door those of the various priories, &c., 
dependencies of St. Blasien, of the Abbot of which, 
it was said, that when on state occasions he visited 
Vienna, being under Austrian protection, he slept 
every night on property belonging to his Abbey. 
The Chapel is still used for Divhie Service, and 
part of the house is reserved as a residence for the 
clergy. 

The road round the foot of the Blauen may be 
taken to return to Badenweiler; or if the whole has 
been a day's excursion from Freiburg, the traveller 
may proceed (in two hours) to ScUiengen (Stftt.) 
to meet the train. 

32. Badenweiler, Ascent of the Belohen, 
Descent hy the Snlzthal. 

The summit of the BeHeheny the second in height 
of the Black Forest group, ^standing more alone 
than that of the Blauen, offers a beautiful pano- 
rama. Though in point of extent it must yield the 
palm to the view from the Feldberg, it surpasses it 
in variety, there being better views into the valleys 
lying immediately under the mountain, especially 
into the Miinsterthal and WIesenthal. 

The road from B&d<ww^S\Rx \scs.>j \»ss,V3.>ksA-^'s^^'«^ 
wU\\o\3l1 a. ^\^^\ >a>3L\.^\ot \it««»NSsssv'»k —J^**-- ^^^^^ 



218 



BRAD8HAW*8 ILLUSTBATBD 



(_k9CC* 3» 



take one (3 marks). The carriage-road leading 
eastwards from Badenweiler is first followed 
for about a mile and a half to the Schweighof. 
Then follow the road along the side of the Klemm- 
bachto the keeper's house in Simitz(U stunden). 
[The curious may turn here to the right to visit 
on the eastern side of the KUhlgarten, the legendary 
Nonmattweier Sec, with its floating island.] 

In half an hour from Simitz, by a carriage-road 
on the left, is reached the Sattel, whence by a 
descent the Halden is reached. From this point 
the tourist must proceed, not northward to Mnlden, 
but eastwards, leaving the Belchen on his left, 
passing through the forest to an open space, with 
a land-mark; here, crossing the road from MUn- 
sterthal to Neuenweg, mount the hill to a small 
meadowland. From this point, turning to the 
left, make for the rock called Hochkelch; then 
along the ridge joining the Hochkelch to the 
Belchen, li mile, passing the boundary-stone in 
twenty-flvo minutes, on the rounded top of the 
Belchen (the highest point of which is marked by a 
cross), 4,640 feet high. There is an inn within ten 
minutes of the top. 

The magnificent MUnstcrthal, with St. Trudport, 
lie to the north, the Wiesenthal to the south 
of the spectator. The Rhaetian Alps, and the 
whole chain westwards, with few exceptions, may 
be made out on a clear day. 

To descend, the pedestrian must first turn north- 
wards, taking the path which leads in half an 
hour to the Krinn, a public house on the old road 
between the MUnstcrthal and Wiesenthal : from 
this point following the brook to the left (2 miles) 
to Mulden; thence southwards to MUnsterhalde 



and Rammenbach, by Bad Qviabmrg to Sulzburg 
(7 miles). Here a carriage may be obtained, or 
the walk continued to (1 hour) Heitersheim, the 
station for Badenweiler or Freiburir* 

33. Descent from tbe B^ldieii, tUronglL 
the Mliiurtertlial. 

From the summit, as in the last descent, as far 
as the Krinn. Leaving this to the right, follow a 
rough, stony road, which passes in front of a 
silver mine, in about 8 miles to Neumnhl, whenfte 
a carriage (EinspUnner), 2i marks, may be had to 

Erotziiigeii (Stat.). 

Or, from the Krinn, in a north-easterif 
direction, to the new road from Staufcn into the 
Wiesenthal, between the parishes of Wieden and 
St. Trudport. This is an ancient Abbey, founded, 
it is said, by an Irishman in the twelfth century. 
Though many times near a disscrintion, it never- 
theless lasted till it fell under the sceptre of 
Baden. The last Abbot died, after having been 
ejected, in 1810. 

About a mile below this the lower Milnstertlial 
is reached, and the road passes by Kropbadi and 
Grunem to Staufen, lying under the mins of the 
Castle of Staufen. Beyond this point to the 
Baden Railway at KrotzlXLgeXL (Stat) (1 
stunde) there is nothing of any interest. Traim 
to Freiburg in about thirty-five to forty minutes. 

By following the road between Wieden and 
Trudport, in the contrary direction, the tourist may 
reach ScbSnatl (Stat.), in the Wiesenthal, and 
make for the Feldberg by Todltnau (Stat.); or 
for Zell-lm-Wald (Stat.), on the branch rafl 
from Bftle; which latter place is reached rAi 

8cli5pflietnL 



boute 57.] hand-book to gbrma.ny. — ^blaok forest. 219 

Hbiohts of Mountains, Passes, Laejss, and Places in the Black Forest. 

(Those marked * are Railway Stations.) 



Feet 

Achera* 670 

Aeule, Glass Works, near St. Blasien 3,380 

AUerhelligen 1,970 

Altglashiitte, near Lenzkirch 3,280 

Antoni, St, near Todtmoos 3,250 

Baden, Town* 600 

Baden Old Castle 1,610 

Baden Mercarias 2,200 

Badenweiler 1,380 

.Badenweiler Old Castle 1,470 

Barhalde 4,100 

Belchen 4,640 

Blasien, St 2,460 

Blanen 3,830 

Brucklerain, Watershed between Rhine 

and Danube 3,449 

Bilrgeln 2,180 

Donaaeschlngen* 2,260 

Eberstein Schloss, near Gemsbach 1,020 

Ebnet, near Freiburg 1,010 

Eichmer See, near Wehr 1,508 

Feldberg 4,900 

Freiburg* 920 

Fortwangen * 2,800 

Grafenhausen, highest point of red sandstone 3,025 

Halde, near Hofgrund 3,590 

Herrenwiese 2,316 

Hiininelreich*, near Freiburg 1,480 

Hochkopf, near Todtmoos 3,975 

HSchenschwand, near St. Blasien 3,325 

Hohengeroldseck 1,620 



H5IIentlial, Old Post House 

Hollenthal Rbssle 

Hornisgrinde 

Kandel , 

Kjippel, near Neustadt 

Knlebis 

Krinnc, public-house on the Belchcn 

Lenzkirch * 

Margen, St , 

Menschenschwander Viehhiitte (Feldberg) , 

Mummelsee 

Neustadt * 

Nonmattweier 

Peter, St 

Petersthal 

Pforzheim* 

Rippoldsau 

Rosskopf, near Freiburg 

Schauinsland, near Freiburg 

Schluchsee 

Titisee • 

Todtmoos 

Todtnau* 

Trudpert, St 

Triberg * 

Triberg, above the Waterfall , 

Villingen * 

Waldkirch * 

Waldkirch (Schlossberg) 

I Waldshut* 

Wolfach * 



Feet 
2,050 

2,880 

3,820 

4,080 

3,120 

3,190 

3,495 

2,650 

2,920 

3,935 

3,360 

2,570 

2,780 

2,265 

1,320 

770 
1,860 
2,430 
4,220 
2,960 
2,780 
2.690 
2,180 
2,450 
2,240 
2,790 
2,220 

910 
1,180 
1,050 

870 



A List of Rare Plants of the Black Forest, &c., with their Habitats 

and Time of Floavertng. 



Achill«a nobilis Feldberg July 

Actflsa spicata Wagensteig May 

Aconitnm Lycoctonum Blauen, Fcldbg., Belchcn, Simonswald August 

- napellus Feldberg, Belchbn, Schauinsland July 

t Agrimoniam odoratum Sasbach, Simonswald ^^ 



Aldieinilla alpina Feldberg 

tItejmtfM .„., KalserstTiW. ncaT YveVouT« 




220 BKADftUAW'g ILLCSTKATKD [SeC. 3. 

Anmnooe polMtilU KAiflentnhl, Mfillbeim ,.^.,..^,^.»,^.^^^.^.^.. Ainil 

AnUiU tnnita »,», Hirechspmn?, in HSUentluU ....... .........^.^..... ICay 

AronU rotnndi/olU Hinchspmn?, Kaisentnhl Mmj 

Aspidiam acoleatom Belcben, HSUenthal. Tribnrg September 

lonchitU Feldberg - August 

- oreopterU Feldberg, Schaoinsl. and Kandel August 

■ •pinnloflum Feldberg. Schauinsl. and Kandel August 

Asplenlnm adiantnni nigmm Badenweiler. Freiburg, Ac September 

germanicum Belcheu, Simonswald, Ac September 

seiitentrionale Freiburg, Ac Ac August 

— vlride Feldberg, Hollenthal August 

Bartsia alpina Feldberg, Hollenthal July 

Kcllldiastrum Mlchelii Feldberg June 

Ilotrychium Lunaria Belchen, Blauen, Schaninsland, Ac July 

Broms tectorum Kaiserstuhl, Ac June 

C'alaiiiagrostis arundinacca Feldberg, ICande July 

('amimnula pusllla Feldberg August 

«— scheuchzerii Feldberg, Belchen August 

(Jardaminc Impatlcns HSIlenthal, Waldkirch, Ac June 

Carduus defloratas Feldberg August 

Carduus pcrsonatus Feldberg, Belchen, St. Blasien August 

Carcx davalliana Moorgrounds on Feldberg, Schauinsland, Ac. ... May 

digitata Moorgrounds on Rosskopf. Ac May 

dicBca Moorgrounds between Triberg and Furtwaugen. May 

flllformii Moorgronnds on Lcnzkirch, Ac May 

frlglda Moorgrounds on Feldberg July 

liuwsa Moorgronnds on Feldsee, Titisee, Ac June 

niontuna Moorgrounds on Schonberg, MUllheim May 

pauciflora Moorgrounds on Rosskopf, Feldberg, Ac June 

•— — polyrrhlza Moorgrounds on Schonberg, Schluchsee May 

pulicaris Moorgrounds on Belchen, Feldberg, Kandel June 

C*auculls daucoldes Kaiserstuhl July 

Contauroa montana Belchen, Blauen, Feldberg, Schauinsland, Ac. ... July 

(*opholanthora grandiflora Russkopf, SchOnberg, Ac May 

rubra MUllhelm. Schonberg, Ac. June 

Oircoita alpina Belchen, Feldberg, Blauen, Schauinsland July 

■ Intermedia Kuiebi^), GUntersthal July 

(!irNinni acaulo Schonberg Angrnst 

<'hIora porfollata Schonberg, Kaiserstuhl July 

<'hryHanthoujum coryinboHum Badenweiler, Ac July 

('ODlop:loHHum vlridu Kaiserstuhl, Schonberg May 

<'onmruni paluHtro Moorgrounds June 

C'n'pis blattarloldoH Feldberg August 

<'ynojrlo«Muni sylvatlcum Merkur, near Badon Baden, Ac June 

/frntMilH hnlhUcrn Near GUntcrs thai May 

pinnntn Schlin^ierg, &c May 



Route 57.] HAND-BOOK TO GEKMAKT. — BtACK FOREST. 221 

Digitalis pnrpnrea» Belcbcn, Blaucn, Kandel, &c ». *.«»..». July 

Droscra rotiiudifolia Moorlands Aujnist 

longifolia Moorg^unds, Mummelsee, &c Augrust 

obovata Moorgrounds, Lenzklrch Angust 

Elisanthe noctiflora near MiiUheim, Schunberg, Kaiscrstubl, &c. ... August 

Empetinm nigrum Bclchen, towards Mlinstertbal May 

Epilobium alpinum Feldberg, &c August 

Epilobium alsinoefolium Feldberg, Belchen August 

— — — ^— trigonum Feldberg August 

Eriphocnm yaginatum Moorgrounds, Schlucbsce, &c May 

alpinium Moorgrounds, Schlucbsee, Tribcrg, Ac May 

Euphrasia lutea Feldberg, Schonberg, Kaiserstuhl September 

Festuca alpina Bclchen, Feldberg Juno 

glauca Belchen, Kaiserstuhl : June 

Fragaria coUina Scbiinberg, Kaiserstuhl May 

elatior Schlossberg, near Freiburg May 

Galium saxatilc Bclchen, Feldberg, Schauinsland July 

Gentiana campestris Feldberg, Schlucbsce July 

ciliata Feldberg, Schonberg, Oberweiler September 

gcrmanica Miillheim, Kaiserstuhl, &c September 

• lutea Feldberg, Mlinstertbal July 

Geranium sylvaticum Feldberg, Belchen, and Kandel June 

Gnapbalium norvegicum Feldberg, Bclchen, Blauen, Schau., Kandel July 

supinum Feldberg July 

Goodyera repens Schonberg, Kaiserstuhl June 

Herminium monorchis Kaiserstuhl, Schoenberg June 

Hieracium Smithii Hirschsprung in Hollenthal June 

prenanthoides Feldberg August 

Homogyne alp4na Feldberg June 

Hypericum montanum Kaiserstuhl, Schonberg, &c July 

hirsutum Kaiserstuhl, Schonberg, «tc July 

IsoStes ecbinospora Titisee, Feldsce, Schlucbsce August 

-^— lacustris Titisee, Schlucbsee August 

Juncus filiformis Belchen by Titi and Feld Sees, &c July 

■ squarrosus Moorlands July 

Lactuca virosa Staufen, Kaiserstuhl, &c August 

Lathyrus hirsutus MUllheim, Kaiserstuhl, &c July 

tuberosus MUllheim, Kaiserstuhl, &c July 

Lilium bulbiferum Neustadt, near Titisee, &c June 

■ martagon Feldberg, Schonberg, &c Juno 

Listera cordata Belchen, Feldberg June 

Lithospermum purpurea coerulcum MUllheim, Schonberg, &c June 

Llttorella lacustris Feldsee, Titisee Juue 

Lunaria rediviva Hollenthal, Feldberg, &c June 

Luzula spadicea Belchen June 

Lychnis coronaria BUhlerthal ^^'^^^ 

Ifjrcopodium oDDotinum Fcldsee, HoWeivlYitCV^ &Q. ,,»»»».^^»»»'.^»»''»«»* 



322 BttADAHAm's ILLCSTEATBD [866.3 

Lycopodiam alpinum Belcben. Feldberg; Ac An^nourt 

clavatuio Feldsee. SchaainsUnd, Ac July 

inundatiuin Moorlands Augrast 

selago Belchea, Blanen, Feldberg, Scbauinsland, Ac. ... July 

Malra motcliata near Freiburg. Simonswald, &c. July 

Melampsmim sylvaticum Bclchen, Blaaen, Feldberg, Schaoinsland July 

Meum mutellina Feldberg July 

Myofotis ce»pitosa Titisee, SchuUerthal, &c June 

sylratica Belchen, Feldberg, Kandel June 

Myriophyllum altemiflomm Titisec, Schluchsee June 

Narcisitts poeticus Badenwciler, Freiburg, «fcc May 

pscudonarciasus St. Ottilien, near Freiburg April 

Neslla paniculata Milllheim, Kaiserstuhl, &c June 

Nupbar spennerianum Titisee, Feldsee, Schluchsee July 

pumllum Feldsee, Schluchsee July 

Ophioglossura vulgare Badonweiler, Schunberg, <fec July 

Ophryf aranifera MUIlheim, Kaiserstuhl, Ac f. June 

apifera Oberweiler, Schonberg, Ac. June 

corduta Murgthal May 

Orchis coriophora Badenweilcr, Hollenthal, <fec May 

■ fusca Schonberg, Kaiserstuhl, <fec., &c May 

•—— globosa Sides of Feldberg June 

. militaris Miillheim, Schonberg, &c., &c May 

mascula Bclchcn, HoUcnthal, &c May 

pallens Wagensteig May 

ustulata Badenweiler, SchSnberg, &j May 

Oxycoccos palustris Moorlands June 

Passorlna annua Sch(5nbcrg, Kaiserstuhl, &c July 

Pol y gala oalcarea Schiinbcrg Jane 

Polypodium nlpostro Belchen, Feldberg, Scbauinsland, &c July 

Potcntilla aurea Feldberg, St. Blasien ^ July 

Primula auricula Hollenthal, Feldberg May 

Pyrola uniflora Feldberg June 

chlorantha BUhlcrthal June 

Uanunculus anconitifolius Bclchen, Blauen, Feldberg, Schaninsland June 

UununculuN uiontnnus Feldberg June 

Kibos alpinum IJhiucn, H(illenthal, Feldberg, Ac May 

Rosa giUIica Kaiserstuhl June 

— nlpina Feldberg, Blauen, Belchen, Hollenthal June 

Kubus Haxatilus Feldberg June 

Kumox arifoliu8 Blauen, Belchen, Feldberg, Kandel, Ac Aagnat 

— — alpiuus Feldberg, Belchen, Schaninsland AngvMt 

Sagina aaxatilta Belchen, Feldberg, Schaninsland July 

Sallx grandifolia Feldberg Jane 

-^— arlmacula Feldberg June 

S^xlfmff Hixoon Belchen, Feldberg, HSUenthal . Jane 

Bttilmria , , Belchen, i^<ibMg^ ^^i>\i\Aki\^ Jnlj 



^^n^toann , Fttdbwg .««..,«««««.«.««««-« — »«•««.*«* 



Houte 58.] IIA^*t)-BOOK fO GKHMAKY.— black l^OtttSt, PRAGtE. 



S23 



Scdumannuum 

' '- dasyphyllum . 

pnrpurescens . 

- ■ ■■ vlllosum 



Selag'inella spinolosa 

Silene rupestris 

Soldanella alplna 

Sorbus ancaparia 

• chamocmespilus.... 

Sparaganiam natans 

Streptopus ampIexifoIiuB. 

S>Yertia perennls 

Thysselinnm palnstre 

Trifolium spadiceum 

alpestre 



Trollius europoeus 

Vaccinium uliginosum 
Veronica saxatilia ...:... 



Bclchen, sides of Feldberg .>..•• Jane 

Hollenthal July 

Belchcn. Oberried, Ac August 

Feldberg, Neustadt, St. Blasien July 

Feldsee moor September 

Belchen, Feldberg, Ac July 

Feldberg May 

Miillheim, side* of Feldberg, &c May 

Feldberg June 

Feldsee, Titisee July 

Feldberg, Herzogenhom June 

Feldberg August 

Titisee Moor, and near Lenzkirch August 

near Neustadt, Triberg, <fcc July 

SchSnberg, Kaiserstuhl, <fec July 

Hbllonthal, Todtnau, &c June 

Moorlands June 

Belchen, Feldberg July 



BOHEMIA, 

a kingdom of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. [For 
the Vorarlberg, Tyrol, and the Dolomite Region, 
the Salzkammergut, &c,, see Bradshaw's Hand- 
Book to Svcitzerland and the Tyi'ol, and Bradshaw's 
Notes for Travellers in the Tyrol and Vorarlberg.] 

PRAGUE (Stat.); German, Prag\ Bohemian 
(Czech), Praha. 

Population, vrith suburbs, 314,000, of whom one- 
fifth are Germans, and 20,000 Jews. 

Hotels.— Hotel de Saxe ; Hotel Victoria, first- 
class. Hotel d'Angleterre (Englischer Hof), first- 
class, for families and gentlemen. 

Hotel Blue Star (Blauer Stem), first-class hotel, 
beautifully situated. Here the Treaty of 1866 was 
sigrned. 

Schwarzes Ross. 

Hotel Goldner Engel, near the Railway Station. 

Hotel Stadt Wien ; Kaiser von Oesterreich. 

Restaumnts.—^iQiinitz', Wenzely; Binder. 

Cafis. — Central; Fran9ais; Imperial; Victoria. 

Omnibuses from the stations into the town, 
passing the principal hotels ; and from the Slaats- 
balmhof to Westbabnhof . 

£ro$ehkies. — One hour, 1 fl. ; half-hour, 60 kr. 
Jlfaet^fi^—^ne hour, 1 fl. 60 kr. ; hftlfhoar. 1 fl. 



English Divine Servicb.— Sunday 11 a.m., in 
the Hotel Victoria. 

CommM«fen»aire«.— Licensed; they wear a black 
cap, with the letter C in white, 58. a day. Hours, 
9 to 1 and 2 to 6. 

Post and Telegraph Office. — Heinrichsgasse. 

B AGGAGE.-Examination on theA ustiian and Saxon 
frontier, at Bodenach. Tobacco is liable to seizure. 

All Austrian paper money should be cashed on 
leaving the country. 

Bohemian Glass.— Can be obtained under the 
Blue Star Hotel. 

There are four termini. Rail to Dresden, Leip- 
sic, Berlin (opened 1S50), Breslau, Cracow, Brunn, 
Vienna, Teplitz, Pressburg, Pesth, Furth, <fcc. 

Prague, the capital of Bohemia,- or the Czech 
kingdom, in Austria, is finely situated upon the 
hilly slopes of the Moldau, and Is conspicuous 
for its fifty or sixty spires and towers, and th« 
number of its public buildings. It is about ten 
miles in circuit, and shut in by the remains of 
walls and gates round the old town, and by the 
interior fortifications erected since 1848. 

It consists of five principal divisions, the Alt- 
stadt, Josefstadt, and Neustadt, on the Eastern 
right bank of the Moldau, and the Kleinseite and 
Hradschin (pronounced " Radshin ") oa tto^ V*^ 
batvVL. lYift IlwA&Ottov \.% •Cafe ^>Mii ^ ^"^ 



224 



i.» 



BBADBHiLW'S ILLUSTRATED 



[Sec. 3. 



including ttme of the bext priTate homes. The 
University, Mint, Altstidter lUtbhaus, are in 
AlUtadt or Old Town. The General and Mili- 
tary Hospitals, Nen^adter Rathhaus, Castom 
House, and Museum are in Xeustadt. The Jews 
live in Jndenstadt or Josef stadt, as it has been 
called since the enuuicipation charter of 1&18. 
The Arsenal, Post Office, and Blind Asylum are in 
Kleinseite or Little Prague, which lies between the 
Schlossberg and Laurenzberg. Wytsehrad on a 
hill within the walls, near the Neustadt, has a 
magistrate of its own, and has been fortified since 
1848. Here was the palace of Libassa, first 
Duchess of Prague, who lived in the 9th century, 
surrounded by churches, of which the ancient 
Collegiate Church of St. Paul remains. 

The suburb of Carolinenthalf near the railway 
station, where the viaduct crosses the Moldau, 
consists of new buildings, factories, and barracks, 
near the Military Hospital. 

The suburbs of Sniichow, Weinberg, Ziskow, 
and Bubna Holleschowitz are on the left bank. 

The old town of Altstadt contains many dark, 
close streets and alleys, and is surrounded by the 
oetter streets of the Neustadt, the division between 
them being marked by the Grabcn or Kolowrat- 
•trasse, and an old Gothic tower called iha Pulver 
Thurm of tlie 15th centurj'. Near the latter is 
Konig^A ai^old palace, now turned into a barrack. 

Two of the most frequented thoroughfares are 
the Zeltncrprasse and the Grossc Ring, or Altstad- 
ter Ring, which contains the Mariensiiule, and is 
surrounded by the old Rathhaus, the Tcynkirche, 
Ac. Among tiie best points of view are the 
Hradschin Palace, Strahow Convent, and the 
RosHthor near the Rossniarkt (horse market), or 
8t. Wenzelspltttz, which is half a mile long, and 
terminated by statues of St. Wenceslas (on horse- 
back) and St. John Nepomuk, the patr<m Saint 
of Prague, whoso festival Is observed on the 16th 
of May. Another open space is ttie Yieh Markt, 
or Carlplatz, the largest, now laid out as a park; 
and having around It the New Rathhaus, the Mili- 
tary Hospital, General and Friendly Hospitals, and 
other institutions. 

The Jo$f/$tadt contains nearly 800 houses, and 
ir»# formerly occupied mainly by Jews. Here are 



the AUmeuttkmte, a gtoomy pil« with luurow win- 
dows, is said to have been founded in the 7ih cent, 
by fugitives from Palestine. It coDtains a flag 
given by Ferdinand III. to the Jews for their share 
in the defence of the city against the Swedes, 1648. 
The ancient Jewish Cemetery is crowded with 
statues and mouldering grave-stonea, one being 
tliat of the learned Rabbi Lowi, who instructed 
Rudolph II. in the Cabbala, about 1030 ▲ j>. 

Bridges.— Car/«5ri{dfce (Charles's Bridge) joining 
the Old Town with Kleinseite, was began 1858, by 
Charles IV., and finished by Yladislas II. in 1507; 
it is 1,700 feet long by 35 feet broad, and has 16 
arches, te^ninated at each end by brick towers 
which figured in the defence of Prague against the 
Swedes, 1648; against the ProScans, 1744; and 
also in the barricade work of June, 1848. The 
bridge is adorned by thirty groups of statues of 
Saints and others, including St. Francis (added 
1855), and St. John Nepomuk (done, 1683), who 
figures so often in Prague legends. A mark on the 
bridge shows where he was thrown into the river 
by order of the Emperor Wenceslas, for refusing to 
reveal the Empress's confession. The stor}' goes 
that his body reappeared with his head crowned 
with five stars. He was canonised, 1728. A statue 
of the founder, Charles IV., at the Altstadt end of 
the bridge, was executed at Nuremberg. At the 
otlicr end is Max's bronze of Roiietsky^ cast I85S, 
out of 100 guns taken from the King of Sardinia. 

The Kaiser FranzenbiHkke (Emperor Francis' 
Bridge) above this. Is a suspension bridge, 1,560 
feet long, resting on an island of the MoIdan, 
built 1841. Between the two is the Franxentquaiy a 
fine point of view, taking hi the Islands of the river, 
the Kleinseite, Hradschin, tfcc. Here stands a 
fountain, with J. Max's equestrian bronze StcOueof 
Francis /., adorned with figures and bas-reliefs. 

The other bridges are thePa/ocl-ytfilcte (erected, 
1878), the Kettenbrucke, and the Franayosefsbrikke. 

The Burg or KaiserIicfieSchlost,OT theHradsdllll, 
by which name It is usually known, is a large, 
finely-decorated pile, begun by Cliarles IV., 1S8S, 
and finished, after many alterations, by Maria 
Theresa, on the model of the Louvre. Here CbarlesX. 
oiYraxiCftKadYii&faxaUYwere lodged in 1830; and 



eJiMtAA4Ugf Mn4 nine aynAgognc^ one of which, \ U ^ntA \^^ T^«\flkftw«ife ^l xx^fc «x-'^\&\A»:^\'^\Ake«sd. 



Koute 58.] 



Ul.Kl>«BOOK TO QEBM1.NT.— -FRAQUE. 



225 



(uncle of the reigning emperor), from his abdication 
to his death, 1848-76. The forecourt is adorned with 
statues andcolumns, and a fine staircase. It contains 
440 rooms, among which the most remarkable is the 
Huldlgnngsaal, or Hall of Yladislas, where the 
Landtag (or Diet) meets. It is a vast room in the 
Gothic style, like Westminster Hall, unsupported 
by pillars, and leads into the Spanish and German 
rooms, and a small room, with portraits of Bohe- 
mian kings. In the third storey Is the memorable 
Landstube, or Council Chamber, from the windows 
of which, 23rd May, 1618, Slawata and Martinitz, 
the Imperial Councillors, with Fabrlclus the Secre- 
tary of State were thrown by the Count of Thum 
and other Bohemian nobles — a deed which was the 
first occasion of the Thirty Years' War. Their 
portraits are seen in this room, and below the win- 
dows two pyramids mark the spot where they fell, 
safely, on a dung heap, and so escaped. This Is 
known as the second Ferutertturx. 

The Imperial apartments have been newly fitted 
up and adorned with frescoes of Bohemian history. 
In front of them Is an Iron equestrian statue of 
St. George, erected 1873, at a fountain. 

To view the Inside of the Burg, apply at entrance 
to the south wing, daily, 11 to 1, Ifl. 

There are two principal Town Halls (Rathhaus). 
The AUstadter Rathhaus is a modem erection, 
rebuilt 1838-48, except the Council Room, Chapel, 
and Clock Tower, which date from 1470-4. Part 
of it is used as the Main Guard. After the battle 
of Weisse Berg, 1620, which decided the fate of 
Protestantism In Bohemia, twenty-seven of the 
principal leaders were executed In front of this 
building, and eleven others byWallensteln, In 1683. 
One of the Iron baskets in which their heads were 
exposed, still hangs at the corner of the Wenzels- 
platz. 

The NeustSdter Rathhaus has been also rebuilt 
except the tower, and Is now used as a Law Court. 
Here an event, which served as a precedent to that 
above mentioned, occurred In 1419, when Ziska 
delivered the Hussite prisoners after pitching the 
municipal authorities out of the window, and began 
the Hussite War. This event is known as the 
first Fefu^rsturg. 
Q 



Several private palaces are near the Burg on 
the Hradschin, atuong which are the ArtltMshop^ s 
Palace; Sternberg Palace; and Czemi Palace, a hand- 
some but neglected building, near the Capuchin 
convent, now used as a barrack. It has a good 
painted ceiling above the staircase, "The War of 
the Giants.' ' The Schtvarzenberg PaHace Is another 
deserving of notice; also the Waldstein Palace^ on 
Waldstein Platz, an Immense building, erected by 
Wallenstein, when Duke of Fried! and, and restored 
1854. It contains several rooms as he left them, 
with portraits of himself and his wife (1629), his 
oratory near the chapel, and the stufiTed charger, 
which he rode at the battle of Lutzen ; also the 
grotto in the garden. The Clam Gallcu Palace is 
a handsome building in the Italian style. ' The 
ScJilick Palace is modem. Others are the Ledebintr^ 
and Lobkountz Palaces, and the Kinsiy Palace, lipta 
the Teyn iirche. At the Palace of the Geiieral 
Command in Zeltner-gasse the Princess Wlndlsdi- 
gratz was shot by accident In 1848; for wfiich 
her husband, who was Commander-in-Chief, took 
the city by storm from the Insurgents. Prince 
Lobkowltz's splendid Palace, just mentioned, is 
opposite the Italian Orphan Asylum in Waelsche- 
gasse. In the Kleinseite. There are about 70 palaces 
of the nobility, forty-six Roman Catholic Churches, 
and two Protestant, besides fifteen convents— many 
of which are disused. 

Churches.— The Dom or Cathedral of St. Vitus^ 
on the Hradschin, is a fine Gothic structure, like 
Cologne, begun about 1348, by Mathias of Arras, 
on the site of a church of the 10th century, and 
enlarged by Peter Arler (1885), the architect of 
the Moldau Bridge, but left unfinished at the West 
end ; so that It consists mostly of a Choir, 157 feet 
by 144 feet. It sufibred grievously in 1757, in the 
Seven Years' War. The tower, 322 feet high, 
commands a rich panorama; over the entrance 
Is Mayer's fresco of the Adoration of Christ (1631) 
with portraits of Ferdinand I and II. It contains 
twelve chapels with many paintings and tombs of 
emperors, princes, prelates, &c. St. Adelbert's 
Chapel, at the entrance, is an eight-sided building. 
The high altar is fianked by statues of St. VU»a 
and othetft^ a.Tvd,\vBk% ^wft '^'alfic^X&KkV 
\)7 H&\)U««> \Xift VwQ ^^^ V"* 



-VI 



2f^C 



BRAUSlIAW^lf ILl.t'StftAtEf> 



In the Nftvet USfeot Iii|;h, i> a haiid^ume luarblc 
itautofeum of the Buheiiiian king^ huilt loS9. by 
A. Culiii, uf Mechlin, fur the Kni|>en»r Randolph II.. 
whoiH buried liere(lCl2) with liis prodet'cssurislrom 
Charles IV. (1^78), and ulsu the Archduchess 
HarU of Parma. Their uicdalliou portraits are on ' 
the tombs. A so-called portrait of Christ, on a , 
gold ground in the Byzantine style, by Thomas of 
Hodena (13o8), hangs on a pillar surroimded by 
■ix Bohemian patron saints. Li the Sigismund 
Kaiielle is another Byzantine work, a large metal 
branched candlestick, remarkable for its peculiar 
ornaments, and said to been modelled from that 
In Solomon's Temple. Here is the JSilttr Shrine of 
8t. John of Nepomuk, with histongue which refused 
to tell the secrets of confession, carefully preserved 
In crystel, and exhibited on 16th May. The St. 
Wenxelskapeile is richly Inlaid, and contains 
the Regalia, frescoes of the martyrs, Theodore of 
i'rague, and Thonuis of Modena ; also a Madonna 
by Holbein ; a statue of St. Wenzel, by P. Vischcr, 
with his coat of mail, helmet, and sword ; and a 
painting by C'ranach of his assassination (i):21). 

There are other monuments hero .of Baron Lob- 
kowitz, Field-Marshal Schlick, Archbishop John 
Oczko von Wlaschim, and several other prelates; 
besides the ancient tombs of Ottukar I and II., 
and sovorul nuMuherit of the Przemyslidcs family, 
and twenty-one busts of colo))rated men. The large 
INitnting on the front side of the Cathedral was 
painted 1729, liy Schnorr, at the canonisation of 
t)t. John of Nepomuk, and restored 1757. The 
large Mosaio picture of the I^st Judgment on 
the Drcifaltigkcits KaiH)lle (Trinity Chapel), close 
to the tower, was the gift of Karl IV., 1371, and 
WAR restored 1837 by Ilofinaler tiurk. The Em- 
press Anna was the donor of another gift ; a marble ' 
statue of 8t. Ludmilla, first (■hrlstian Duchess of 
Bo!iu!nia, by K. Max, a Bohemian sculptor. 

The lAfiftfo kiixhe, on the Ilradscliin, near the 
Clapuchin convont, is u copy of the 8anta Casa 
at Lorotto. and was built IG^ti by Brnigna von 
Lobkowitz, a Bohonii:in lady. It lias a rich 
treasury of pious ^iU*, one of whioh. a tal>cniacle 
adorned with i<.(UU» diamonds, was nearly stolen 
m fow yours api\ 
-v>: f/ev/ys i-fir^t', in the Altstndt of ihe tift couth 

-r. etwitain* p,»rtKiitg o/ ANY e^se:^ graves of 



some of the early Dukes of Bubemia, and also 
that of St. Ludmilla, the firat duche5:s. It is 
opened only at her festival. 

The Tegn IHrcht in the Altstadt, on the Thein, 
in the Grosae Ring, was built iu the fifteenth cen- 
tury, on the site of one of the ninth century, and 
has gone through many alteraUons. It was the 
Cathedral of the UltraqiUst Bishops, among the 
Hussites. Here Johannes Rokycsana, the friend 
and father confessor of King George von Podie- 
brad, officiated, and here the king was crowned 
1458. He built the two slender towers, and put 
up his statue, which was replaced by one of the 
Virgin, after the battle of the Weiase Berg. It 
contains a beautiful picture by Karl Skreta; a 
monument (1603) of Rudolph's astronomer, the 
celebrated Tycho de Brahe; also modem statues 
of the Sclavonian Apostles, CyrUlus and Methn- 
dius, the gift of the Emperor Ferdbumd, and the 
work of Max in Rome; besides a marble statue of 
Duke Bretislaw, by the same artist. There is an 
ancient Font, restored 1840. In front of the 
Church is a column to the Virgin. 

The Kreuxherren Kirehe is an Italian cross, a 
miniature copy of St. Peter's at Rome, with sevenl 
beautiful statues and paintings by Willmann, called 
the Silesian Raphael, and by Bohemian artists. 

St. Jakob's kirehe (St. James) has the fine tomb 
of Count Wratislaw, the Bohemian Chancellor, and 
the grave of Sigmnnd Batory, of Slebenbtrgen. 

At the Egidi kirehe (St. Giles) are fresco paintings 
by Rainer, and at St. Galli kirdte is an aitar-idece 
by the same artist, with the grave oi Bkreta, the 
painter, close to it. John Hnss once preached here. 

At St. Stejthen's kirehe are paintings by Skreta. 
The Church of St. Ignatius^ near the MiliUry 
Hospital, has a handsome portal, and the statue of 
Ignatius I^yola, founder of the Jesuits. 

Eniaus kirehe (St. Jerome), in Neustadt, built 
by Karl IV.. and rebuilt 16S5. after the Ifussttc 
war. 1)clongs to the Benedictines of Sooth 
Sc^avonia. 

Karlshop kirehe is in the Byzantine style, with a 
richly-gilt cupola. 

lfaria-Schiiee-kir(hf;V)i^\^xv^w^\Q\VA Franciscans, 
Is the \\^?VvcsV VA Ytu^^. 



*llout6 58.] 



HJLHD-&OOK TO OBRMANY.— ^PRAGUE. 



227 



St.Nicolatu kirche (St. Nicholas), at Kleinseite, 
near the Radetzky monnment, is a handsome 
Italian church, built by the Jesuits, 1628-1772, 
with a fine portico and cupola, and adorned with 
statues, gilding, marble reliefs, and paintings by 
Skreta, Solemiua, and other artists. Two steep 
paths lead hence up to the Hradschin. 

The Malteter kirche, at Kleinseite, is a very 
remarkable ancient building, fortified 1256, with 
ditches and walls, and protected by a gilt iron 
chain round it. It belonged to a grand priory of 
theEjiights of Malta. 

ITumuu kirche^ at Kleinseite, has paintings by 
Rubens and Skreta, and a ceiling by Rainer. 

The Strahow Prsemonstratensian Monastery 
stands on a fine point of view, and is an extensive 
and richly-endowed institution, faced by a large 
portico. Its Library is a splendid room, contain- 
ing an autograph of Tycho Brahe; portraits of 
Ziska, the blind Hussite leader; of the Emperor 
Max., Pope Julius II., and A. Durer, in his 
picture of the Rosenkranssfest, or Christ crowned 
by the Angels. The church has the tomb of St. 
Korbert, founder of the order; and also that of 
General ^appenheim, who fell at Liitzen, 1632. 

The University^ or Carolinum^ founded by Charles 
IV ., 1348. About 3,600 students attend the Univer- 
sity. The great Hall contain s portraits of emperors, 
archbishops, frescoes, Ac. The Collegium Clemen- 
tinum, an immense pile, entered by three gates, 
and comprising two churches (St. Clement's and 
St. Saviour's), two chapels, and other buildings 
within its walls. It was built 1556 by the Jesuits, 
who held it till they were banished 1773, by 
Joseph II. It has a library of 175,000 volumes 
and 400 manuscripts, with a Botanic Garden and 
Observatory. The Belvedere, covered with copper, 
built 1686 by Ferdinand I., and used by Tycho 
Brahe. Haliners statue of Charles IV. was 
erected 1848. 

Near here is the new Hudolpftinum^ a gift to the 
city by the Savings Bank. It contains, beside an 
Art Gallery, the largest concert and ball room in 
l*rague, and is the headqmritrs of the CoMOTva- 



torium. The Annual Exhibition of pictnrM is 
held here. 

There are some good pictures in the old yottit 
Palace in Kleinseite. Among the 300 paintings are 
Wilson's Windsor Castle, and several by Rubens 
and Yandyck. The Bohemian Museum contains a 
Library of works relating to Bohemian history ; 
collections of coins, arms, maps, and plans; pre- 
historic remains, and copies of monuments, inscrip- 
tions, Ac; and a collection of national MSS. and 
records, among which is a MS. of Copernicus, and 
autographs of Huss and Ziska. A new museum is 
being built in Wenzelsplatz. 

Close to the Bohemian Museum is the Pnlver- 
thurm, at the entrance to the Altstadt, built 1480 
and restored 1884. 

Oerman Theatre, Obstmarkt; in summer Heine*s 
Theatre in the Canalische Garten. 

Bohemian Theatre, at the west end of Fcrdinand- 
strasse. 

Concerts in summer on the Sophlen-Insel, near 
the Bohemian Theatre, four times a week. Con- 
certs in the Baumgarten every Thursday afternoon. 

Volksfeste, or Festivals.— The festival of Corpus 
ChristI; the Johannisfest, kept for eight days 
following 16th June ; Easter Monday, or Emaus- 
fest ; the Maifest kept in the park of Bubentsch, 
on Ist May; and the Fidlowacka and the Strohsack, 
(the shoemakers' and tailors' festivals) on Tues- 
days and Wednesdays after Easter. 

TTaZix.— Stadtpark ; Kiusky G arden (Smicho w) ; 
Belvedere; Choteko-anlagen, behind the Hrads- 
chin ; Lorenzo-Berg, above the Kleinseite. 

Objects of Notice in the Environs. — ^The Baum- 
garten, formerly the Royal Thiergarten, a charm- 
ing spot, now the property of the Bohemian States, 
near the Kaisermlihle, built by Rudolph II. 

The Konigssitt (King's Seat) marks where 
Frederick the Great frequently seated himself 
during the siege of Prague, 1757, as an inscrip- 
tion on the stone below relates. The famous battl* 
I In which, tlva KoAVtSjNK^^^x^^sXwito 



S98 



BB41>BHAW*S ILLUSTRATKD 



The Ziakalberg, near the rail in the Caroli- 
nenthal suborb, and the Weuse Berg^ where the 
memurable battle of November 8th. 1620, was 
fought, also deserve a risit. 

About three miles distant on the Kiinigsaal road 
is the Klein Kuehel mineral spring, at the foot of a 
hill. A visit may be also paid to CarUteinbwg, 
about fifteen miles from Prague, a sort of fortified 
Treasurehouse between three rocks, shaped like 
a long triangle, built 1348, for Charles IV.. by 
Matthias von Arras, to hold the crown insignia 
of royalty, and the most important records. There 
are some interesting early Bohemian pictures in 
the Chapel in the tower, which is handsomely 
decorated. 

Prague dates from the beginning of the eighth 
century, though the Jews declare they were settled 
there a century earlier. It sustained various sieges 
by the German Emperors before it came to the 
House of Hapsburg. Ottokar II. walled it round 
and converted the llradschin into a strong fortress. 
In the Hussite wars of the fifteenth century most of 
the churches and convents suffered. The revolt of 
1547, against Ferdinand I., was followed by the 
Blutiger Landtag (or Bloody Assize); and an- 
other followed the decisive battle of the Weisse 
Berg, 1620, when James I.'s son-in-law, the Elector 
Palatine, elected King of Bohemia, was defeated 
by his Imperial rival. It was besieged, 1648, by 
the Swedes ; taken in the War of the Succession 
by the Bavarians and French, 1741 ; besieged 
again, 1742, and again when taken by Frederick 
the Great, 1744, and again in 1757, when 900 houses 
were destroyed and many churches damaged. 

In 1838, meetingswere held. Liberals assembled 
at the Wenzclsbad, and it became the scene of a 
barricade fight, endhig with its capture by Prince 
von Windischgratz, whose wife was killed by a 
chance shot, while sitting at a window at the head- 
quarters, in Zeltnergasse. Since that period great 
intrenchments and fortifications have been in 
progress. The latest important event was the 
Treaty between Prussia and Austria, concluded 
here after the war of 1866. It was signed by 
Barons Brenner and Werther, on 25th August, at 
the Blue Star, as above mentioned. By this, 
^u»tri» conaented to be excluded from the German 
too. 



[Sec 4. 



Pragae to Dreadan (Osterreichische 
Staatf-Eitenbahn). 



Prague to Miles. 

Kralup 17 

[Branches to Kladno 
and Jungbunxlaa.] 
Berkowitz-Melnik ... SO 

Raudnitz 42 

Theresienstadt (bof- 

fet) 48J 

Lobositz 53 



Miles. 
Anssig (bofTet) VI 

[Branch to Teplltz.] 
Bodenbach (Tunnels 

4€8 and 906 feet)... 86 

Krippen 94 

K5nigstein 96 

Pima 110 

Dresden 181 



Most of this route may be done by water, doim 
the Elbe. 

Both routes follow the valley of the Elbe, except 
from Prague to Melnik. where the Moldaa ends. 
Hence the trip by water, when It can be done, 
gives the best views ; but the best plan is to go 
by rail down to Aussig (page 229), and take the 
steamer thi*ough Saxon Switzerland. By rail to 
Dresden, the whole way from Prague, four to 
six and a-half hours. Steamer from Aussig to 
Dresden, ten hours. 

The line leaves Prague by the Ziskaberg, and 
crosses the islands of the Moldau, on a viaduct (m 
87 arches, 1,200 yards long. 

Bubenz and RoitOkare stations much resorted 
to by the inhabitants of Prague. The line widens 
down the Moldau, with the Georgenberg in view. 

Kralup (Stat.) Here a branch turns off to 
the Kladno coal mines at Weltrup. Another, 
10 miles long, opened 1873, turns off the opposite 
way to KeratOWitz and Tumau (page 1S5). 
Near Kralup are a tunnel of 1,157 feet, and the 
Schloss and park of Count Chotek, on the Moldau. 
The rail hereabouts was much damaged by the great 
Spring raitu which inflicted wide-spread injury, by 
flooding the lands bordering on the Elbe, Moldav, 
Ac. Four towns and 45 villages were inundated, 
and more than 200 persons were drowned.' 

Berkowitz-Melnik (Stat.) 

Population, 1,500. 

Melnik, near this, is a small town, belonghig to 
Prince Lobkowitz, on the right bank of the Elbe, 
opposite the junction of the Moldau, among hillf 
covered with vineyards. Charles lY. planted the 
B\irguiidian. vines here^l848. The Church, Batb- 



Roiitd 59.] 



HAND-BOOK TO aSBMANT. — ^TB^LITZ. 



Deiismding the Elbe by steamer, the fbHowing 
places are on tlie right and left. 

Horin (on the left), the Schloss and fine park of 
Prince Lobkowitz, whose family tombs are in the 
Capnchin Monastery. On Oeorffenberg, an isolated 
basalt cone (187 feet high), over the Moldau, stands 
a church on the site of an ancient temple of the 
heathen Czechs, which attracts many pilgrims on 
St. George's day. 

The Elbe makes a large bend here at WegstSdl 
(on the right), towards 

RaudnitZ (Stat.) on the left. 

Population, fi,900. 

Apicturesqao little town which gives the title of 
duke to its owners, the Princes of Lobkowitz. 
Their family Castle, built 1616, has a library of 
45,000 volumes, and a collection of old family por- 
traits, arms, and archives. Sienzi, the Roman 
tribune, was confined here by Charles IV., in 1860. 

Leitmerltz (on the right), or Leitmerlcze. 

POPULATIOM, 10,000. 

A cathedral town, about 1^ mile from the next 
station (Theresienstadt), rising in terraces over the 
river, here crossed by a suspension bridge. It has 
a Dom, built 1064, with paintings by Skreta and 
L. Cranach, and five other churches ; with an old 
Rathhaus, old Gemeindhaus, and old Provland- 
haus (storehouse), breweries, and large foundry. 
It stands in a fertile country-. Bhrenberg, near 
this, is noted for its " sparterie" work, or wood- 
weaving, done with strips of aspen, like paper, 
l-26th to l-6th Inch thick, and made into bats and 
fancy goods. 

Theresienstadt (Stat.), scarcely seen from 
the rail. Population, 1,300. 

A fortified post, begun by Maria Theresa, and 
finished by her son, Joseph II. The Eger, crossed 
by a bridge, here joins the Elbe and flows through 
the outworks, which by means of floodgates can 
be placed under water. Here are three barracks. 
The peaks of the Mittolgcbirge Hills are in view. 

Lobositz (Stat.), on the left, near a pleasant 
little town on a plain, at the foot of the hills. 
Wine is grown here. On 1st October, 1766, Frede- 
rick the Great defeated the Austrians here, under 
Marshal Braun . There is a road hence through the 
Paschkopolc pass, to TepUtl (tee Route 69) ; or the 
mi) to it mny be t/tken atAuBsig. further on, among 



brown eoalworks. Towards DrMden the valley of 
the Elbe begins to be shut in by ploturesque heighta. 

C^88-0z«m08ek (on the right) and its vine- 
yards, producing the Czernoseker wine, known 
all the way down the valley. A tower crowns the 
heights. 

Klein Czemosek (on the left), opposite, 
charmingly situated between groups of trees at 
thefootof DobraiHiU. 

FrescllkowltZ (to the left), among vineyards^ 
on the slope of a hill. 

Schretikensteln (on the right) has a castle 
battered by the Hussites, 1420, on a steep rock, 
290 feet high, which commanded the passage of 
the Elbe. It is divided into two parts by a fis- 
sure, and belongs to Prince Lobkowitz. 

AnssUr (Stat.), on the left. Population, 24,000 

Inns.— Krone; Englischer Hof ; Railway. 

A small bustling town, in a pretty spot, at the 
junction of the Biela and Elbe, the birth-place 
of Raphael Mengs, the modem painter. Here 
the Steamer can be taken for the descent of the 
river, through Saxon Switzerland, past TetSChen 
and its cliffs, Herrnskretschen, the last Bohemian 

place, Schandau and Kdnlgsteln, to Dresden 

(See Route 81). 

A branch rail turns off to Teplitz, reachhig it 
ill three-quarters of an hour. (See below.) 



Prague to Teplltz. 

1. By rail to Aussig, as in Route 68, thence rail, 
11 miles, in 40 minutes. 

2. By rail, vid Brnx, as under : — 

Miles 
Prague to 
Hlubocep 8 



Dusnik 10 

Litovic 14 

HerrendorforHerrn- 

dorf 18 

Noutonic 20J 

Kolec 26 

Schlan 36 

Zlonlc 41 

Klobuk 46 

Peruc 49i 



Miles. 

Cblumcan 68 

Laun 60 

Obcrnitz 76 

[^i'an<r^e«Billin and 
Dux]. 

BrUx 79 

[Brandi to Komo- 
tau]. 

Ratschitz 8.1 

Prcschen 86 

Dux 88 

Teplitz 94 



TEPLITZ, or TOPLTPZ (Stat.) 
Population, 16,800. 

Inns.— KDnig von Prenssen; Neptune (at Scho- 
nau); SchwarteaRowv ftVAA*.\jra«*Mo>.\'^'aBS^.« 



280 



BRAD8HAW*S ILLUfiTRATXD 



[Sec. 3. 



of the BielA, 690 feet above the sea, between the 
Ersgeblrge and BCittelgebirge ranges, on the Sool- 
bach. It contains a large nnmberof lodging hooses, 
which are occupied by about 6,000 visitors in 
■accession daring the season, July and Augnist. 
The alkalo-saline springs have been known since 
▲.D. 762, and they came into great repute some 
years ago through the periodical visits of King 
Frederick Wilhelm III. of Prussia. 

They are warm and hot, between 77* and 119*; 
and are taken, by bathers only, for stiff joints, 
rheumatism, gout, Ac. The Public Baths comprise 
hospitals for Prussian, Saxon, and Austrian soldiers, 
hospitals for the poor, the Jews, and others. 

There are a visitors' tax and music tax for those 
staying over a week. Visitors are divided into 
four clashes and pay accordingly, there being a 
reduction for a family. 

The springs are in three gnroups, distinguished 
as the Stodt (Town), the Vorstadt (Suburb), and 
those of the village of Sch5nan, which now forms 
part of the town, and has the coolest springs. 
Among the town springs are the Urquelle, the 
Sophienbad, the Fiirstenbad, and the Kaiserbad. 
The Vorstadt springs are the Stein and the 
Stephansbad. Those at Schunau are the Schlang- 
enbad and the Schwcfelbad springs; with the 
Neubad, a large building erected by Prince Clary. 
A Band plays from 6 30 to 8 a.m. at the Curgar- 
tcn, where are the Trinkhailen^ and from eleven to 
one at the Schlossgartcn, where is one of the 
principal restaurants, and in the evening, at the 
Curgarten and Schlossgarten alternately. Obelisk, 
erected 1841, to King Frederick William, the great 
benefactor to the baths, with this inscription: — 
*'Honori et Memoriae Frederic! Gulielmi III., Regis 
Rorussiffi grata Teplitz." The best point of view 
is on the Konigshohc close to the above monument. 
Other points are the Stephanshohe, above Sch5nau; 
Mont de Ligne tower; the SeMossberg, with the 
ruins of the old fort of the Counts Kinsky, com- 
manding a fine view: and to Mariaschein pilgrim- 
age church, built 1705. Rail to the latter. 

Carriages.— More distant visits may be paid 

to the following :— The Wilhelmsh($he and the ruins 

of GrMupen Castle, now called Rosenburg. It has 

Jt ffne view over Teplitz. Still further on is the 



The J/ifefcAaMr, or Donneri^erg^ 3,740 feet high, 
10 miles from Teplitz, should be ascended for its 
view as far as Prague, and of the highest peaks of 
theMittelgebirge. Two hours drive. AtDuxSehlou 
are beautiful paintings, relics of Wallenstein, and 
library of rare works; Casanova died here, when 
librarian. By rail, 6 miles. At Ossegg is a Cistercian 
convent, with a picture gallery and curiosities 
of natural history, and beautiful gardens. 

Near j&rbesan, U mile from Kulm Station (on 
the line from Bodenbach to Dux and Komotau), 
is the battlefield of Kulm, where on 29th and 
30th August, 1813, 40,000 French, under Van- 
damme, were defeated by the Allies, led by King 
Frederick William III., of Prussia, in person, and 
10,000 French were taken prisoners. The Russian 
Guards under Ostarmann fought at Priesten; the 
Prussian under Kleist, at the heights at Nol- 
lendorf; the Austrian dragoons were led by 
Archduke John. Three nati(mal memorials com- 
memorate this joint victory. A Gk>thic Obelisk of 
case iron at Arbesau has this inscription : ^' Die 
grefallenen Held^i ehrt daiikbnr K5nigaiidVater- 
land. SieruheninFrieden. Kulm, 30 Aug. 1813.** 
(King and Country tliankfully honour the fallen 
heroes. May they rest in peace.) 

The Austrian monument to Ck)unt Colloredo, 
who on the 17 th of September, 1813, defeated the 
French for the second time at Arbemu^ is a pyra- 
mid 54 feet high, near the Prussian trophy. Under 
the bust of the Count is this Inscription ^'Hierony- 
mus Graf Colloredo-Mannsfeld, K. K. General 
FcIdzeugMeister,bom 30th March, 1775, died 23rd 
July, 1822. Formidable to his enemies — dear to his 
friends. Arbesau, 17th, September, 1813. The 
Austrian army dedicates this to one of its loaders on 
the field of fame, too early snatched away from 
country and friends." 

A third monument, in honour of the Russians 

was erected, 1837, at Priesten. It is a bronze 

Victory, bearing the date, 29th August, 1813. A 

Latin inscription tells that the Emperor Ferdinand 

put it up at the request of the Emperor Francis, 

and that it was inaugurated in the presence of the 

' Kmperorof Russia and King of Prussia. The road 

I towards Dresden goes up a hill, with a splendid 

\ view ovcT Tiohemla at the chapel on the NoUcnberg. 



Boute 60.] 

Baxon Custom House is at Bodenbach. 
about 38 miles to 
Dresden. (See Route 31.) 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY.— CABLSBAD. 
Hence it is 



831 



ROXJOTE eo- 

Frague to Carlsbad, Franzensbad, 

Uarlenbad, and Eger. 

By rail. 



1. Prague to Miles. 

Hostiwic 11 

Laua 27| 

Lnzna 40 

Satkau 524 

Saaz 654 

Komotau 804 

Klosterle 92 

Carlsbad 1)8 

Neusatt^l 127 

IBranch to Elbogen] 

2. Byrail, otiSSchlau, Lubenz, &c. 



Miles. 

Dassnitz 1374 

Tirschnitz 146 

[Branch to Franzensbad 

H94] 

Eger 150 

Franzensbad 154 

[Marienbad 169] 

Asch (Custom ho.) 167 
Hof 189 



Lubenz 56 

Buchau 66 

Carlsbad 76 

Ger. miles. 

Einsiedel 8f 

Marieubad 5 

Eger and Franzensbad are accessible by rail on 

the Saxon side of the border from Reichcubach, 

un the Leipsic and Ilof Rail, as follows: — 



Prague to 

Strzedokluk 13 

Schlan 20 

3. Carlsbad, by road to 
Petschau 24 



Miles. 

Voitersreuth 61 

Franzensbad 66 

Eger 70 

Franzensbad to 

Asch 13 

Sclb 18 

Kehau 26 

Oberkotzau '40 

Hof 36 



MUcs. 
Rcichcnbach to 

Ilerlasgrlin 7 

Treuen 12 

Lengenfeld 14 

Auerbach 18 

Falkenstcin 21 

Oelsnitz 36 

Adorf 44 

Elster 46 

Brambach 55 | 

Pra^e, as in Route 58. Leaving it by the 
Strahow Gate, we pass the chapel on the Weisse 
Berg, commemoratiugtbc swift defeat of Fredeiick 
the Elector Palatine, nick-named the Winter K5nig, 
on 8th November, 1620, by Maximilian of Bavaria 
and Tilly. The battle was over in one hour. 

The rail via Schlan to Carlsbad passes Strze- 
dokluk ; the road crosses that to Piisen, <!l:c. 

Schlan (Stat.), now on the Prague and 
Teplitz line (seo Table, Route 59). 

Intl.- Post. 

An old walled town where Moreau died, 1813, 
of the mortal wounds received at the battle of 



burgSchloss, belonghig to Count Czemin, in tbe 
Italian style. 

Lubenz (Stat.) The road from Teplitz to Carls' 
bad joins. About 12 miles from Lubens is SchSnhof 
Schioss, a beautiful resort for the visitors at 
Carlsbad. 

Buchau (Stat.) Three miles off is the Schioss 
of Gishiibel, with an acid well resembling the Geil- 
nau springs. 

Beyond Buchau is a porphyry rock, surmounted 
by the ruins of Engclhaus Castle. 

At Bergwirthshaus you get a view of Carlsbad, 
with the winding road leading down to it. 

CARLSBAD (Stat), or KABLSBAD, iu 

Austria. 
Population, 12,000. 
Hotels.- Zum Goldenen Schild. 
Anger's Hotel (with Rhein Hotel), clean and 
comfortable; charges moderate. Proprietor speaki 
English; recommended. 
Hotel National (Gartenzeile). 
Hotel de Russie, first-class, well situated. 
Hotel de Hanovrc, well situated, comfortable, 
and moderate charges. 

Carl Oertl's Private Hotel, English House. 
First class, on the Schlossplatz. 
Hotel Erzherzog Carl. 

Pupp's first-class Hotel, and Pupp's Establish- 
ment (Restaurant). 

Hotel Bristol (Villa Victoria); Goldene Harfe; 
Continental. 

English Service, in St. Luke's Church, 
eleven and four. 

Bankers, Monet CHANOSRS.—Benedict Bros.; 
Schwalb; Lederer. 
Medical Men. — Several of these speak English 
Lodgings everywhere: the most expensive on 
the Wiese and Markt-platz, varying according to 
the season, 5 to 10 fl. a week ; suite of apartments, 
20 to 30 fl.; a floor, with kitchen, 40 to 50 fl. Service 
in proportion. A wiitten agreement should be 
made. 

N.B. — Visitors not specifyiugthe length of their 
stay at hotel or lodgings are legally liable tq pay 
for four weeks. 

A Visitors* Tax and Music Tax, Ist apd 2iid 
class becomes \}avaUl^ «>.1V.«^ '«k^«%,<i^. 



pre8d9n. At tljc foot of Zicgcnbcrg is Ihc Vclt^a- \ Cob*.— ^iVt<\^5>\^ Vk >\^\.<v^ X \>n*v*' 



m 



fifti.DBHJLW'S ILLUflTRATBD 



iSeis.8. 



3 hone, 3 fl. In the town, 1 horse, i hour, 50 kr., 
I boar, 80 kr.; 3 horee, not quite double. After 
6 p,in., one half fare more. 

dmnibut from Station, 40 kr.; luggage, 10 kr. 
per package. Diligence to Bnchan, &c., see Brad- 
shad's Continential Guide. 

JSmgland to Carhbad.— The nearest way Is vid 
Cologne, Mayence, Darmstadt, Nuremberg, Ober- 
kotzau, and Eger. Baggage is examined, and 
passports are asked for, at AlCll (Stat.)f on the 
Austrian frontier. Rail from Eger. Time, 82| hours. 

OarlSlMUl, so called from the Emperor Charles 
IV., who discorered the waters in 1847, when 
stag hunting, lies in a deep basin on the Tepel, 
surrounded with fine forests, and about 1,170 feet 
above the sea. It consists of hotels, caftfs, shops, 
and lodging-houses, for the visitors who come 
b»n from April to September, to the number of 
about 80,000. A group of public buildings has 
been erected by the town, including baths, a 
museum, library, concert rooms, theatre, and 
restaurant. 

At the height of the season the place is so 
Qiowded that it is desirable to telegraph before- 
hand for lodgings and private carriages. 

Its nineteen springs are mostly hot and alkaline, 
varying from 117* to 167', and rise out of a compact 
stone called Sprudelschale ; the hottest and best 
being the JSprvdel, in a Jet three feet high. They 
are useful in dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, liver 
complaints, gravel, stone, constipation, Ac. The 
course of treatment requires five or six weeks, 
under the advice of a medical man, who orders the 
number of glasses and watches the effects. Other 
springs are Hygeiaquelle, Miihlbmnnen, Keu- 
brunnen, Marktbrunnen, and Schlossbrunnen. The 
DorothSen-S&uerling and the Eisonquelle are 69" 
And 48*. The Sprudol is occasionally obstructed 
by deposits. The time for taking the waters is 
from 6 to 8 a.m. The Vier Uhr (or four o'clock) 
Promenade is a walk along the Tepel, on the Alte 
Wiesse, near the new church. Here petrifactions, 
and light pastry called Carlsbadcr Oblaten are 
sold. Peter the Great was a visitor, and also 
froethe, the latter no less than 18 thncs. 
TAe Bernbardshosplttil Church has an altar- 

iArI>a r/ncf. A et^tae of Charles IV. faces 



the town house ; there is also an obelisk to Lord 
Findlater. A stone bridge crooaes the Tepel. Here 
a Congress was held, 1819. 

The Panorama^ near Baron von Lat£ow*8 house, 
near the Dreikreuzberg Inn, takes in a fine view 
of the Tepel valley and the Engebirge hills. 
Konig Otto's HShe, 1,960 feet high, has a granite 
pillar to Otho, the late Eling of Greece, who visited 
Carlsbad in 1856. The Hirsehpnmg and Wiener- 
Sitz are also good points of view. Petrifaetlons 
of animals and plants are found at Schlacken- 
walde, &o. OiesshOM^ up the Eger, has apleasant 
wholesome alkaline water. 

Nensattel-EIbOgeil (Stat.) Short branch line 
to Elbogen. 

[Elbogen (Stat.) 

Inns. — ^WeiseesRoss; Kaiser von Oesterreich. 

An old town, so named from being on a 
rocky projection, round which the Eger winds in a 
kind of elbow. Its ancient Castle (870) serves as a 
prison. A Chain-bridge crosses the river. It has 
a large porcelain factory, and a Rathhaus containing 
a pieee of meteoric iron, called the Verwlinschte (or 
accursed) Mnrkgraf. The thaler (dollar) was 
first coined at Joachimsthal, in the 18th century.] 

Dassnltz (Stat.), not far from Falkenau 

(Stat.), on the Eger, a small town near the Schloss ' 
of Count Nostiz ; from which a branch rail of 13 
miles goes off via Dctvidsthal^ Hartenberg^ etc., to 
Gratslitt. 

EOEB (Stat.),called Chd> and OhrkSn Bohemian. 

PopuLATioir, 19,000. 

Imfs. — Kaiser Wilhelm; Goldene Sonne ; Zwei 
Brzhcrzoge. 

CoKVBTAVCBS. — Rail to Carlsbad and Marienbad. 

An old town on a rock, by the Eger, at the foot 
of the Fichtelgebirgc Hills, which was fortified 
till 1809, and is memorable for the assassination of 
WaOenstein, 24th Feb., 1634, by order of his sove- 
reign, the Emperor Ferdinand. The party was led 
by Devereux, an Irishman, who struck him down 
in his night-shirt at the Rathhaus. They show the 
halberd with which the deed was done; also 
Wallenstcin's sword, and other relics, with his 
portrait. The authenticity of all these is doubtful. 
His adherents were murdered in the old imperial 
Schlosft, ot But%^ 'yrXiVcYv Vv&s a tower built by 



mvi^ 60.] H1.KD-BOOK ko OBKHAFT.— FBi.KZSK8Bl.D, ICABIBNBAD. 



2^ 



itdmAHetflfae-Cfdihle stylei, bnilt 118S-139f . (See 
Sieliin«r*t y^cOktUtein, or Coleridgre*t rersion of it.) 

Wallenstein was accused of baring^ conspired 
aifainst the Emperor, but his innocence has been 
proved by recent documents, and compensation 
made to the family. The Martin and Ehrhardt 
Chapels of the twelfth century have some 
earrings. 

About three English miles from Eger is the 
Egerbrunnen, close to 

FRAKZENSBilD (Stat.), or FRANZSNS- 

BRUNN. 

PoruLATioir, 2,000. See Carlsbad for remarks 
about kurtaxe, servants, lodgings, Sec. 

Hotels.— King's Villa, excellent family Hotel, 
recommended; Grand Hotel de la Poste; Adler; 
Muller's; Leipsic; Kaiser von Oesterreicb. 

There are three bath-houses, much frequented 
by the Austrian nobility. The place was 
founded by Francis I., to whom a bronze 
statue, \tj Schwanthaler, was erected by Count 
Miinch-Bellinghausen. It is a pretty, well-built 
town, and is, after Carlsbad, Marienbad, and 
Teplitz, the most important spa in Bohemia. Its 
cold springs are chalybeate and saline, with car- 
bonic acid. About 200,000 bottles of the original 
Franzensquelle, or Egerbrunnen, are sent away 
yearly. The Louisenquelle is for bathing only. 
MARIENBAD (Stat.) ; 22 miles by rail from 
Franzensbad, 32 miles by rail from Carlsbad. 

Population, 1,000. 

Hotels. — Klinger, the first and largest, on the 
Kurort. 

Hotel Weimar, first-class; Hotel du Casino. 

Keptune; Englischerhof; Bellevue. 

English Chdboh Sbrvicss. 

Lodgings, servants, kurtaxe, &c., as at Carlsbad. 

This is a modem watering-place, in a healthy and 
inviting wooded spot, well provided with hotels, and 
noted for its cold mineral Springs, which are used 
by about 13, 009 visitors in the season. It numbers 
about 180 houses, on the slope of a hill, in the valley 
near the source of the Tepel, about 1,900 feet 
above the sea. It has a handsome Cursaal with 
a colonnade, and a new church, built 1854. Living 
is good and comparatively cheap. 

The waters are like the Carlsbad, alkaline 



be too exciting on account of the heat, and are 
both drunk and bathed in. . The Kreuzbrunnen, 
Ferdinandsbrunnen, and Waldbrunnen are the 
principal sources. There are also mud, gas, and 
vapour baths, and a milk cure. 

Excursions may be made to Friedrich-Wilhelms 
Hohe and Hirtenruhe, both fine points of view. 
The town is sarrounded by pine forests, with 
footpaths in every direction, affording agreeable 
walks. 

On the line from Carlsbad to Komotau and Tep- 
litz, 9i mUes from the latter, is MtrescllOWitZ ; 
to the left of which are the villages of 

Seidlitz, SaldBdilits, and PiUlna, au cele- 
brated for their Epsom-salt springs ; the last being 
near Bxtlz (Stat.), on the Prague and Teplitz 
line (see Route 59). /nn— LSwe. 

These aperient waters rise through holes dug in 
the marl, from which they obtain their purgative 
property; and from these the bottles are filled. 

The 3aid$chiUz waters are the strongest; the 
Seidlitz, giving name to the well-known aperient 
powders, are the weakest, and are taken mostly 
by women and children. They are not much used 
on the spot, but are largely exported and imitated. 
BrUxer Sprudel is a useful ferruginous and alka- 
line spring, 180 yards deep. 

Brilx is in railway communication (opened 
1873) with Bilin, Komotau, Schlan (page 231), 
Saas, and Prague, and with Dux and Liptitz, 
Teplitz and Bodenbach, towards Dresden. 

About 2^ English miles towards Teplitz is 

Billn (Stat.) See Route 59. 

PoruLATioir, 3,000. 

Inns. — SchwarzesRoss; Weisser L<5we. 

A town charmingly situated in the Bielathal, 
at the beginning of the Mittelgebirge, or Bohe- 
mian central range of hills. Here are bitter salt 
springs (Sauerbrunnen), of a purgative quality, 
which rise close to each other, and are noted for 
their abundance of carbonate of soda and alkaline 
qualities. About 1,000,000 bottles are exported to 
various parts, and the waters are used in the pre- 
paration of soda. The ScMoss of Prince Lobkowits 
contains 20,000 specimens of minerals, and an 
armoury, and has a splendid view of the '. 
hills. TVvft <^wiSBWt\.Vcs^Ks\jWBjfe^"^»^^ 



ssjjne, bat nre ased In cases wbere tbesc wo\ii\A v »\\0T\evv%\\i^\VRfc\i^Vw^«^"^^RX®*'^ 




2d4 



B]U.D9H1.W*8 ILLUSTKATSD 



[Sec. 3. 



In the neigbboarhood are the Borzen and the 
Schladniger Berg, large porphyry rocks of curious 
forms; and farther ofi are the Castles of Rothen- 
baus and Eisenberg. 



Prague to Pllsen and Nuremberg. 

By rail, as nnder: — 
1. Fraqub to Fcrth (B8hmi8ch Westbahn). 



English 
Prague to miles. 

Beraun 23^ 

Horowitz 35 

Kokitean 53^ 

[Brandt to Radnitz, 7] 

Chrast 60* 

Pilsen (bnflfet) 67* 



English 
miles. 
IBranches to Budweis 
and Komotan.] 

Tans 104i 

Fnrth 1181 



2. FURTH TO SCHWANDOBF AUD NUKBKBSBO 

(Bayerische Ostbahn). 



Miles. 

Nenkirchen 72| 

Hartmannsdorf 77| 

Herzbrtick .• 83 

Lauf-l-P 90 

Ruthenbach 94 

Nuremberg 100| 



Fnrth to Miles. 

Cham 12| 

Roding 19i 

Bodenw5hr 29 

8chwandorf 42| 

Irrenlohe 45 

Amberg 5i 

Snlzbach 66 

Fragne, as in Route 58. 

Karlsteln (Stat.) is near the old Castle of 
Charles IV., on a steep marble rock, with a tower 
125 feet high, and 18 feet thick, one of the most 
remarkable fortresses in Bohemia. It was built 
1348 by Matthias von Arras, and suffered greatly 
in the Thirty Years' War. In the Kreuzkapelle the 
Bohemian Croten was kept, within four iron doors 
and nineteen locks. The walls of the chapel are 
richly inlaid and adorned with paintings by Theo- 
dore of Pragrue, and other old artists. St. Cathe- 
rine's Chapel has a picture of Charles lY. and Jiis 
wife kneeling before the Madonna and Infant 
Christ. 

Beraun (Stat.) 

PopULATiox, 5,720. fnn. — Schwarzer Adlcr. 
An old town on the river Beraun, with a stone 
bridge, built 1841; the nicdiajval Veronas, among 
i ron and coal mines. About 3 miles from here is St. 
I wan untcr dcm Fclscn (an old Benedictine con- 
vent), in a wild and beautiful valley. Here a 
jJ of 27i wiles runs off to Rakonitz, 
PUrflitz, on th^ Bpr^vun. 




At Pilrglitz (about 9 mtles up the rirer), in the 
heart of romantic scenery, la the rery old Schloss, 
often mentioned in history in the times of the 
Ottokar kings; and still one of the finest medlnval 
relics in Bohemia. Good wood carvings in the 
chapel. 

Horowitz (Stat.) Here is a castle which was 
the birth-place of King Creorge von Podiebrad. 
From here it Is 82* miles to 
PILSEN (Stat.), where the line to Budweis joins. 

POPULATIOS, 50,693. 

Inns.— Hotel Wladigk; Kaiser; Groldner Adler 
(Golden Eagle). 

An old town at the junction of the Radbusa with 
the Mies, once fortified. In the Thirty Years' War 
it was besieged and taken by Mansfcld, 1618. Here 
\i the old Gtothic church of St. Bartholomew, built 
1292, with a Rathhaus of the same date; also Ziska's 
House; and the house which Wallenstein occupied 
before going to Eger, where he was assassinated; 
several of his followers were executed in the 
Market-place. Its lager beer is the best in Bohemia, 
and is now becoming known in England. Hsm 
and iron goods, and alum are made. 

Lochotin is a bathing-place, 1 mile distant. A 
line, opened 1873, to Komotau (^ce Route 59), 
82 miles long, goes by way of Tremosna. PlasS 
(where a branch is projected towards Carlsbad), 

Podersam, Saaz, and Priesen, which is on 

the line from Prague to Komotau. From henco 
there is a communication with Ausslg (Stat.). 
Pilsen to Keuem (for Deggendorf and Munich), 
about 40miles long, passesPrestitZ, Klatt&Xl, Ac, 
through the Bohmcr Wald. 

KubltzeXL The two places of this name, 
called Bohemian and German Kubitzen, under the 
Bohemian hills (BShmerwald), mark the frontiers 
of Bohemia and Bavfirla; and are near 

Farth-lm-Wald (Stat.), on the Bavarian side, 
a small town, on the Cham, in a hilly part of 
the Upper Palatinate, not to be conf oundod with 
FUrth, near Nuremberg. 

Cham (Stat.) is on the edge of the picturesque 

I Bayrische Wald. Rail through Rnndillg (old 

castle) and Lam, on the Wcisse Regen. near the 

Hohe Bogen (3,500 f ect ) , in the Bayri «chc Wald. Se^ 

Route 47 for the remnlndcr of this line \o 



Routes 62 and 63.J hi.nd-book to Germany. — pilsen, budwbis. 



235 



Fragne to Bndweis, Unz, and Vienna 

By rail. 



Miles. 
Pragne to 

Hostiwar 6 

Beneschau 81 

Tabor 64* 

Wessdy 80i 



[Branch to Vienna — 

Wlttlugau 94 

Gmiind (on lino 
from Fllsen to 

Vienna) 115 

Eggenburg 169 

Vienna 218] 



Miles. 

Budweis 104 

Junction of lines: ^ 

(1) from Piiseu to 
Vienna; 

(2) from Komotan 
and Rakonitz to 
Zdic, Milin, Pro- 
tivin, and Budweis] 

Umlowitz 129 

Summcran 144 

Gaisbacli 166 

[Branch to Linz on 

the Danube, Route 

fil.] 
St. Valentin (on the 

Munich Uue) 179 

Vienna 284 

Prague, as in Roiite 68. 

Tabor (Stat.), the Bohemian Chomov. 

PoruLATiOM, 7,400; many Jews. 

Jnn — ^Tranbe. 

A town on the Luschuitz in a beautiful country 
under Mount Tabor ; on the top of which was a 
CcutU, founded by Koten in 774, destroyed 1268, 
and rebuilt 1420, and fortified with a double wall 
by Zista^ the leader of the Hussites, some of whom 
were called Taborites. It has a Gothic Cathedral, 
an Aagustine Convent, and an old Rathhaus cou> 
taining Ziska's mail shirt. His house is close by, 
marked by a bust ; and walking-sticks are sold here 
with his head carved on them. Rail to Iglau (page 
236) and Razic. 

Wessely (Stat.), junction for Budweis and 
Linz. 

BUDWEIS (Stat) 

Population, 28,730. 

Ixss. — Goldeue Glocke; Goldene Sonne; Drei 
Hahncn (Three Cocks). 

Diligences to Prague ; rail to Linz, Pilsen, Vienna. 

A cathedral town at the source of the Moldau, 
with a Dom built 1500, and seven Churches. It 
stands in a hilly country, abounding with fish- 
ponds, and belonging for the most part to Prince 
Scliwarzenberg, several of whose country eeats 
are within a few miles. One seat, Krumau, is an 
old castle with a draw-bridge round it, and con- 
tains about 200 courts and rooms, with a tilt-yard. 
Another 9cat. Frauenber^. np \l\t Moldau ndjoVns a 



modem building in the Gothic style. Boar hunts 
take place in the true baronial fashion. At Gratzen 
are glass works. Pearls are found in the lakes. 
Rails come in from Pilsen, Prague, Komotan, Linz. 

Hohenfurt is an old abbey near the Teufelsmauer 
(Devirs Wall) and the BShmer Wald. Bergstadi 
has a government cannon foundry. 

At Trocxnme, Ziska, or Zizka (the famous leader 
of the Hussites), was bom, about 1360, under an oak 
near his fiither*s seat. He fought at Agiucourt as 
an English volunteer before he led his countrymen 
against the Emperor Sigismund. 

The Rail from Budweis to Linz was first opened 
in 1832 as a horse rail. It follows the road down to 
Unz (Stat.), see page 181, before reaching 
which it makes a junction with St* Valentin, on 
the Vienna line, opened 1878. Rail from St. 
Valentin to Klein Reifling. Rail from Budweis 
to Gojau and Salnau. 



Prague to Vienna, vlA Iglau and Znaim. 



Prague to Miles. 

Bohmisch Brod 21 

Kolin (on Dresden 

line) 40 

[Branch to Pardu- 

bitz, &c.] 

Czaslau 53 

Deutschbrod 87 

[Branch to Pardu- 

bitz.] 



Milcx. 

Iglau 103 

Trebitsch 126 

M. Budwitz 140 

Znaim 16] 

[Branch to Gruss~ 
bach.] 

ZoUendorf 181 

Stockcrau 211 

Vienna 227| 



Prague, as in Route 58. Hence to the junction 
with the Dresden line at 

Kolln (Stat.) See Route 64. 

Kuttenberg (Stat.), among lead and copper 
mines. PopuLition, 13,155. St. Barbara, a hand- 
some Gothic church, like Cologne Cathedral: and 
three otlier fine Gothic churches. 

Ozaslau (Stat.), on the direct Vienna and 
Dresden line, opened throughout 1872. 

An ancient town, having a fine old church with 
the highest tower in Bohemia, in which Ziska, the 
blind HusMite leader, was buried, 1424, with bis 
mace hanging over his grave. He died while be- 
sieging Przibisiaw Castle too closely. When the 
! Emperor Ferdinand I. saw the tiihUMi^lui^^* "^ 




2.16 



bsjldbhaw'b illubtratbd 



[Sec. 3. 



ra 



claimed in Court Latin^ " qiua mortna etiam post 
centum annos terret yiros.'' (Fye, fye, the wicked 
beast still frightens the living, though he is a 
hundred years dead). Ferdinand II. desecrated the 
grrare in pnre spite. In the nelghbonrhood is 
Chottuitz^ where Frederick the Great defeated the 
Anstrlans, 17th May, 1742. 

DeutSChbrod (Stat.) /nn. —Ooldner LtSwe. 

A town in the deep Talley of the Sasawa, where 
Ziska defeated the Emperor Sigismund, 18th Jan- 
uary, 1432, in a pitched battle. 

Rail to Idebaa (page 138), 134 miles, through 
KSniggratz. 

Tglau (Stat.) 

Population, 34,000. 

Inns. — Goldner Stem ; Grolduer Lowe ; Droi 
Fttrsten (Three Princes). 

A manufacturing town on the Iglawa, one of 
the oldest in Moravia, and a seat of the cloth trade. 
It was occupied by the Prussians 13th July, 1866, 
on their advance towards Vienna. St, John's 
Church, built 1060, has a good altar-piece. There 
are several manufactories; with lead and silver 
works. Two granite columns mark the Moravian 
boundary, and the spot where Ferdinand I. took 
the oath to the Bohemian States, 1527, before he 
was allowed to cross it. 

Znalxn (Stat.) 

P0PUI.AT10N, 16,000. 

/nn«.— Weisses Ross ; Drci Kronen. 

A town on the Thaya, where Archduke Charles 
concluded the armistice after the battle of Wag- 
ram. In 1866 it was the Prussian head-quarters, 
26th July. Near this is Nicholsburg, where the 
preliminaries of peace were signed with Austria. 

The Hauptkirche of St. Nicholas has a Chancel 
shaped like a globe, and the old Burg^ or Castle, 
now a military prison, has a round Chapel of the 
twelfth century. Kloster Bruck, one mile to the 
south, was formerly a Premonstratensian canonry, 
and has been converted into a tobacco manufac- 
tory. Much fruit is sold here. 

The rail proceeds by way of Zellendorf, <fcc. ; 
but the post road turns ofif here past HoUabrunn, 
near the small town of Schongrabem, which has 
a fine Church, built by the Knights Templars. At 
^iiOaama^m.tlie Scbloss and garden of Count 
'ii60r on is 



StOCkerau (Stat), « pleagant mtle town on the 
Danube; from whence a short snbnrlMm rail goes 
to Vienna, passing Spillem, Komenbnrg, Enzers- 
dorf, and Floridsdorf . 

Vieima. See Route 64. 



Fraeme to Brttnn and Vienna. 

By rail in about 12 hours. The stations are as 
under: — 



Prague to Miles. 

BShmlschBrod 34 

Pecek 2W 

Kolin 39 

Elbe Teinitz 46 

Pardubitz 66 

[Branches to K9- 
nlggrUtz, Reich- 
enberg, Ac] 
Chotzcn (tunnel 816 

feet) 87 

[Branch to Tynist 
(forKoniggratz) 15 

Nachod 37i 

Braunan 63|] 

Brandeis 91 

Wildenschwert 96 

BShmTrtibau 103 

[BrancA to Olmiitz 
and Cracow.] 

Zwittau 112 

Brttsau 122 

Lettowitz 129 

Skalitz 136 



Miles. 
Adamsthal (6 tun- 

nelsl 149 

Brilnh 157 

[BranchesXo Segen- 
Gottes, Olmdtz, 
Cracow, Pesth ; 
and loop to Vi- 
enna, (vi& Kanitz, 
Grnssbaeh, Ac.] 

Branowitz ..173 

Saitz 183 

Lundenburg Junc- 
tion 194i 

[BranchUiOlm^Xt, 
Cracow.] 

Hoheiiau 206} 

Dtimkrut 215 • 

Gansemdorf 227 

[Branch to Pres- 
burg and Pesth.] 

Wagram 235 

Florisdorf 243 

Vienna 247 



Blansko (4 tunnels)144 

Prague, as in Route 58. 

Bdlimlscll Brod (Stat.), in Bohemia, near the 
spot where the Hussites were finally defeated, 
1434, and their leaders killed. 

Kolin (Stat.) 

Population, 11,600. 

Inn. — Post. 

A town on the Elbe, occupied by Frederick the 
Great, 18th June, 1767, at his defeat by the 
Austrians, under Daun, which obliged him to 
retreat from Bohemia. A pillar near' the town 
marks the spot. His head-quarters were at th^ 
Sun (Sonne) Inn. The Order of Maria Theresa, 
was instituted by the Empress for this victory. 

EllDeteinitZ (Stat.), on the Elbe. 

Pardubitz (Stat.), a pretty town on the Elbe, 
with a ruined castle. 

A brancla from PavdxxbUz to LSbau passes 
Koni$ISTtB)>'t^ (S1V»^%,'> ,a.^\.TOVvi5\TC>\w\.\w '^Q.^X. Q\y \\vR 



Route 64.] 



H1.ND-BOOK TO OBKHANT.->IQLAU, BRUMK. 



237 



Elbe, the scene of the great German battle of the 
8rd of July, 1866. See Route 86. From Konig- 
grUz a line is open to SadOWa, 9 miles, page 125 
(whence a branch runs to SlOirlc or SmiritzX 
Horlc, and Wostroxner, 32 mile». 

From KSniggratz, a line goes round, vid Bran- 
dels and Ornlich, to the foot of the Carpathians, 
which have been pierced by a tunnel, connecting 
Oeiersberg and WildensCllWert (Stat.) 

OlLOtzeil (fi^t.), near a i^ort tunnel, on the 
Stiller Adlerfluss. Here a line is open to Tyxiist, 
NaohOd (see Route 36), and Mittelsteine towards 
Breslau and the Russian lines. 

BrandelB (Stat.), near an old castle. 

BdlimiBOli Trubau (Stat.) (or Bohemian Trii- 
bau). Here the line from Olmiitz falls in, passing 
through the Prince of Liechtenstein's extensive 
property at Littau, Mttglitz, «fec. 

Zwittau (Stat.), or Zwittawa. 

Population, 3,700. 

An old walled cathedral town, with some cloth 
and linen manufactures, on the river Zwittawa. 

A tunnel of 1,600 feet, at Greifendorf, on the main 
line, leads to 

Brusau (Stat.), another manufacturing place. 

LettOWitz (Stat.), near an old abbey church, 
and the seat of Count Kalnoky. 

Raitz, near Blanskso (Stat.), in Zwittauthal, 
belongs to the Prince of Salm, who has a seat here, 
built 1763, which contains the monument to 
Nicholas Salm, who defeated Francis I., at Pavia, 
and delivered Vienna, 1529. It was placed by 
Ferdinand I. in the old Dorothea Chufch. Blanskso 
Cllastle was blown up by the Swedes. 

Hence to BrUnn is the most picturesque part of 
the line, which runs through a rocky valley by 
several tunnels. 

Adamsthal (Stat.) The small town belongs to 
the Prince of Liechtenstein, and has some long 
caves and old castles. 

BRUNN (Stat.), or Brno, in Moravian meaning 

a Ferry. 

Population, 95,342. 

Inns. — Neuhauser; Grand Hotel, formerly Wer- 
ner; Padowitz. 

Steam Tramways from the Karthaus to station, 
thence to Altbriinn and Schreibwald. 

An old fortified town, the capital of MoraTVA^ 



and the principal seat of the woollen, linen, and 
leather trades, on a hill side, at the Junction of the 
Schwarza and Zwittawa. It has many tall factory 
chimneys, and large spreading suburbs outside the 
glacis, now turned into a promenade. On the top 
of the Spielberg, above the town (860 feet high), is 
the citadel and state prison, in which Baron tob 
Trenck, General Mack, and Silvio Pellico were con- 
fined, the last from 1822-30 (See S. Pellico's J miei 
Prigioni). St. Peter's old Cathedral of the l«th 
century is on the Franzensberg, near the pillar to 
Emperor Francis I., erected 1816 . St. Jacob' t Kirehe 
(St. James), a handsome Gothic building of the 
16th century, has the tomb (1683) of Marshal 
Souches (Radwit), who defended the town against 
the Swedes under Torstensson. The clock tower 
was added 1845. At the Capuchin Church is an 
altar-piece, by Sandrart, and the tomb of Yon 
Trenck. The Jesuits' College, a very extensire 
building, with seven courts, now a barrack. At 
the Landschaf tliche Hans, where the Estates meet, 
is the plough with which Joseph II. ploughed some 
furrows, to encourage agriculture. 

The Rathhaus, a Gothic building of the 16th 
century, modernised, except the portal, was 
Napoleon's head-quarters before the battle of 
Austerlitz. 

The Dietrichstein and Kaunitz family Palaoes 
are here. 

Augustinerkirche, or Konigin Kloster, at Alt 
Brtinn, in the suburbs, is a splendid building of 
1823, founded by Queen Elizabeth, for Cistercian 
nuns, and enlarged by Joseph II. for the Augus- 
tines. It has a good statue of the Virgin, by 
Cranach, and a library of 14,000 volumes. Some 
fine frescoes in the Obrowitz Church, a suppressed 
house of the Premonstratensians. 

The Mdhrische (Moravian) National Mtueum 
has collections of natural objects, antiquities, besides 
a library, and cabinet of coins and seals. New 
Tumhalle, for gymnastic exercises. 

On the post road to. Olmiitz is the Zderad Saule, 
a memorial pillar, dating from 1090, where a Coant 
Zderad was assassinated. 

Austerlitz, 16 miles from BrUnn, on the rail 
to Vlarapass, is the site of the great battle of the 
2nd of December, 1805, in which Napoleon defeated 
the two Emperors, Alexander i 




Od8 



BRADSHAW^ft ILLUSTRATit) 



f Sec. ft. 



Aastrians and 64,000 kussians, under Kutosor. 
The French say, 70,000 French against 90,000 Aus- 
trians and Russians, and speak of a lalce in which 
32,000 Russians were dro>vned; though in the 
whole neighbourhood there is scarcely a pond large 
enough to hold 200 men. At Raigem (Stat ) the 
Austrians were cut up by the reserve under Da- 
voust, after Austerlitz. Here is one of the oldest 
Benedictine houses in Austria, founded 1030. 

BraxiOWitz (Stat.), on the Schwarza, near the 
Polau Mountains, where several ruined Ctutles of 
the Moravian nobility are to be seen, marked by 
curious battlements and turrets. Such are Bos- 
kowitz,and Daubrawitz; Eichom, built 1059^ where 
Oustavus IV. is buried; and Pemstein, near Tisoh- 
uowitz, which has a fine old tenth-century church. 

Saitz (Stat.), near the seat of the Prince of 
Liechtenstein. Here the Little Carpathian Moun- 
tains are visible. 

Lundenburg (Stat.), population, i,500, a 

pretty little place on the Thaya, junction of a line 
to Olmiltz, tid Prerau. About four miles ofif is 
EUgrdb Ctutle, the fine seat of Prince Lichtenstein, 
the owner of large territory in this quarter. It is 
watered by the Thaya, and has a beautiful Kiosk, 
a Menagerie, and Hasenberg, an old mediseval 
fortress. The Thaya marks the boundary of 
Moravia. At Rostel is an ancient church, in which 
Cyril and Methodius first preached Christianity. 

At Lundenburg a line of 62 miles runs to 
Zellemdorf , passing Nikolsbnrg, where peace was 
concluded in 1866 after Sadowa. 

Holienaa (Stat.), near the river March, which 
runs along the borders of Hungary, and the 
Mareh/eid, or plain, on which Ottakar, King of 
Bohemia, defeated the Hungarians, 1260, and was 
defeated and killed, 1278, by the Emperor Rudolph 
I., founder of the Hapsburg line. 

Sumkrut (Stat.), on the Droslng, near 
Zedenspiegen and its old church and castle. 

Wagraxn (Stat.). Near where Napoleon defeated 
the Archduke Charles 5th and 6th July, 1809. 

O^semdorf (Stat.), where the line to 
Presnburg turns off. It passes M^rchegg, and near 
Salmhof, the old seat of Nicholas von Salm, the 
conqueror of Pavia. 

^aridBdorf(8ta.t,h on the Danube. Here the 
AuBtrian army wan entrenched with 400,000 men \ 



and 600 pieces of cannon, after the defeat at 
Sadowa, 1866. A line branches off to Zedlente 
and StOCkeran (Route 63). St. Stephen*s spire 
and Leopoldsberg Hill come into view ; and the 
rail crosses the Danube to Vienna, the ''Emperor's 
City," (as the Austrians call it), near the site of 
the Exhibition of 1878. 

VIENKA (Stat.) 

Hotels.— Hotel Imperial (formerly the Palaee of 
the Duke of Wurtemberg). Beautiful first-dan 
hotel, kept by J. Frohner. 

Grand Hotel, in the most fashionable and much 
frequented part of the town, 9 KHmthnerring; 
Table d'hdte. Also an excellent Restaurant. 

Goldencs Lamm, Leopoldstadt, a large first-class 
hotel, in an open and healthy situation^ near the 
Danube Canal. 

Hotel Metropole, vast first-class hotel, beauti- 
fully situated. Recommended to English and 
American travellers. 

I'lotcl Munsch. first-class. 

Hotel National ; Hotel Sacher. 

Hotel Erzberzog Karl (Archduke Charles). 

Hotel Wandl. 

Hotel de la Cour d*Autriche. 

Hotel Kaiserin Elizabeth. 

Hotel de France. 

Hotel Continental, first-class. 

Hotel Hammerand, Florianigasse, 8; Hotel 
Tegetthoff; Hotel Kummer: MilUer; Union; 
Goldncr Adler; Weisser Wolf. Several of these 
are new hotels on an inmiense scale. 

Prices and fees to servants vary very much 
according to the class of hotel where service is 
charged for; fees are expected by the i>orter, 
boots, and doorkeeper. 

As a rule there are no tables d'hote at the hotels, 
but a d inner can mostly be had by the carte. Good 
dinner at 2|fi. or 4s. to 5s.: at the restaurant attached 
to hotels frequented by citizens. Hungarian, Bur- 
gundy, Ofner, Adelsberger, and Vosslauer wines 
are cheap and good. A small douceur, varying 
according to the amount of the bill and style of 
restaurant, is always given to the waiter. The 
bill should be examined carefully. 

CoFFES Houses. — The first coffee-house in 
Europe is said to have been established at Vienna, 
1684, by a certain Kollschitzky, a Polish spy in 
the quarters of the Turks, who received permission 
to open it as a recompense for his services. The 
coffee-houses in the city are not very showy. 
Most of them have a billiard-table, smoking-room, 
and an otAVmctj w^^X^ ol w^^v^'^^^^ Kcn^of 



Route 64.] HAXD-Book to Germany, — vienka. 239 



coffee, without milk is called einschuarzer. A cup 
with milk is called a melange. The most noted 



CiNTRAL Telegraph Office. — Burseplatz, No. 
1, Leopoldstftdt; telegraphs at some hotels. 



-■• - -.- .. . _. : -.—.^T'- t the Em- 

I, Eschen- 

eastrasse. 
3anker. 
roduced in 
I gold, is as 
DLD Coins, 
:. Silver, 

i^ICKSL, 20 
, 2 and 1 
n, based on 
lows:— 100 

' =50;kretit- 

.otes of the 
follows:— 
grulden for 
1=4, 2, and 
, 20, and 10 
t8, 2, 1, and 

I , 5, and 1 

?n. When 
verorgold. 

Continental 

I 

^ ladattarifr 

anding. 
n's Picture 
demie dcr 
noderu) at 
.ftcmoon) ; 
Kurgring. 
■ties, Arms, 
afternoon, 
ns at the 
1 the Hof- 
Industrie, 
>tels. 

» Picture 
.•ach's Pic- 
iit Schon- 
o3. 



/ 



038 

Aastrians and 64,000 tlussians, under Kutosov. 
The French say, 70,000 French against 90,000 Aus- 
trians and R 



BRADSHAW^S ILLUSTRATllt) 



ts 



and 600 pieces of cannon, after the de 
Sadowa, 1866. A line branches off to Zod 



22,000 Ru 
whole neiffb 
enough to b< 
Austrians "^ 
voust, after 
Benedictine 

BranoW^' 

Pohiu Moil** 
the Moravi«^ 
curious bat* 
kowitz.and ^ 
Gustavus I ▼ 
nowitz, whi^ 

Saitz (S«^ 
I^iechtenstelU 

tains are vi»l 

Lundenf* 

pretty little I 
to Olmtttz, * 
EUgrab Castle 
the owner of 
watered by ^ 
a Menagerl*'* 
fortress. "X**^ 
Moravia. A-* 
Cyril and MT^* 
At Lunde** 
Zellerndorf, f 
concluded in ^ 

Hohenau C 

runs along tt 
Marehfdd, or 
Bohemia, dcfc* 
defeated and ic 
I., founder of t 

Diinikrut 

Zedenspiegen an 

WagramCS* 

the Archduke C 

G^Bemdoi 

Presnburg turn 
Salmhof, the o 
conqueror of Pa 

Floridsdorf 

Austrian army i 





iloute C4.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — tiENNA. 



239 



ooffec, without milk is called ein schwarzer. A cup 
k with milk is called a melange. The most noted 
T* coffee-houses are Cafe de Tfiurope, In Stephans- 

platz: Schrangl, In the Graben; Griensteidl; and 

Central, Hermgassc. 
Restauuamts abound. Dinners from 12 to fi. 

Waiters expect a small fee. 
WiNB Houses.— These are well worthy of a visit. 

There are 700 in the city and its suburbs. They 

are much frequented by foreigners. For Hungarian 

wines: Esterhazy-Keller. 

English Club op Vienna.— Secretary, Mr. R. D. 

Romans, Hotel Erzherzog Carl, Kamthner-strasse. 

■ An Association of English-speaking gentlemen of 

i erery nationality, meeting on Wednesdays. 

I Scientific Club (Wissenschaftliche Club). -At 

9, Eschenbachgasse ; Journals, Reviews, &c., in 

the Reading Room. Secretary, Baron C. Gagem. 

Passports. — Formerly the police were very strict 
throughout Austiia. At present when a traveller has 
once passed the Austrian frontier, he will not be asked 
for Ms passport again, till he leaves the frontier. 

Luggage. — The inspection of luggage is rigid. 
Only! oz. of tobacco, orlOcigars,allowed dutyfree. 

Omnibuses (called Omnibusse or Stellwagen). — 
To and from the railway station and hotels. Rail- 
way porters expect 10 to 20 kr. for each trunk. 
Omnibuses ply from one end of Vienna to the 
other, through the leading thoroughfares, according 
to distance ; within the Lines, 12 krs. They should 
not be taken by travellers with luggage. On some 
lines a ^' correspondenz '* may be had, as in Paris. 

Cabs. — One horse (styled "comfortable"), first 

15 min., 50 krs.; every quarter after, 20 krs. Two 
horses (fiacre) — First half-hour, 1 fl. ; every 30 
min. beyond, 50 krs. From 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. one 
half more. From station, one horse, 1 fl. Lug- 
gage, 30 krs. each article. 

Tramways make the circuit of the Ring-strasse, 
In connection with other lines; charge, 12 krs. 
(2|d.) to 20 krs., in very comfortable carriages. 
^ Railway.— A circular Elevated Rail with a 
jftentral station on Franz Josefs Quay. 

Post-Oppicb.— Post Gasse No. 10 (open 8 to 9). 
Letters received till 6 p.m. Postage, 10 krs. for 

16 gr. (I oz.) to England. In Vienna, and all over 
the empire, 5 krs. 



Central Telegraph Office.— Btirseplfrtz, No. 
1, Leopoldstadt ; telegraphs at some hotels. 

Church op England Service.— At the Em- 
bassy, 111, Mettemich Gasse, 6. 

Presbyterian Church Service.— 1, Esohen- 
bach Gasse, 9, 2nd floor. 

Swiss Protestant Church.— Dorotheastrasse. 

AUSTRL4N Alpine Club. — Ask your banker. 

Monet. —The monetary system, introduced in 
1892, based on gold and notes payable in gold, is as 
follows: — 100 heller=:l krone=10d. Gold Coins, 
20 and 10 kronen=16s. 8d. and 8s. 4d. Silver, 
1 krone and 50 hollcr=10d. and 5d. Nickel, 20 
and 10 heller=2d. and Id. Bronzr, 2 and 1 
he!ler=l-5d. and 1-lOd. The old system, based on 
silver and Inconvertible notes, is as follows: — 100 
kreutzer=l gulden — Is. ll|d. 1 krone=50jkreut- 
zer ; 1 heller=^ kreutzer. Coins and notes of the 
old system remain temporarily current as follows :— 
Gold, 8 and 4 gulden, at the rate of 42 gulden for 
100 kronen. Silver, 2, 1, and \ gulden=4, 2, and 
I krone; and 20, 10, and 5 kreutzer=40, 20, and 10 
heller. Copper, 4, 1, i, and \ kreutzer=8, 2, 1, and 
\ heller. Bank Notes, 1,000, 100, 10, 5, and 1 
gulden=2,000, 200, 20, 10, and 2 kronen. When 
leaving Austria, change your paper for silverorgrold. 

Money Changers. — See Bradshatc's Continental 
Ouide. 

Commissionaire (Dien»tmann) may be had attariff 
prices, but it is best to have an understanding. 

Sights.- • -iSr«m2ay— PrinceLiechtenstein's Picture 
Gallery, 2 to 4; Pictures at the Akadcmie der 
Bildenden Kiinste, 10 to 1. Pictures (modem) at 
the Kiinstlcrhaus, Lothringcrstrasse, 9 (afternoon) ; 
Pictures, Ac. at the Hofmuseum, in the Burgring. 
Monday.— Coins and Cabinet of Antiquities, Arms, 
and Pictures at the Hofmuseum, 1 to 3, afternoon. 

Tuesday.— Natural History Collections at the 
Hofmuseum, 10 to 3 ; Schatzkammer in the Hof- 
burg, Schweizerhof, 10 to 1 ; Kunst and Industrie, 
5, Stubenring, 9 to 4. Tickets at the Hotels. 

Wednesday.— FrlncQ Liechtenstein's Picture 
Gallery, 9 to 12 and 2 to 6. Count Harrach's Pic- 
ture Gallery, Freiung, 3; 10 to 2. Count SchSn- 
bom's Picture Gallery, Rcngasse, 4; 9 to S. 

Thursday.— SchtLtzkAmmer^ by ticket^ 10 to 1 ; City 
Historical Museum and Armour Collection^ a.t 



S40 



BmAlHniAW*» lULUSTmATSD 



[SccS. 



the RAthhaiu, 9 to 1. Count Cxernin'i Picture { on the west; jmd the swtilin^ hills and Nor ic Alps 



Oallery. Landeaferiebtfl-fltrAMa, 9, 10 to 9. Alber- 
tina Beethoren Collection. Heiliirenftadt, 9 to 6. 

Fridap.—Mnatnm of Art and Indnstrf. Stnben- 
ring. ft. 9 to 4: Permanent Exhibition of Modem 
Pictorei, Tnchlaaben, No. 9; Sctiatzluunmer, by 
ticket, at 10. 



to the aoath, corered with ooontry ■eatSfCnstleasKBd 
ehnrdies. The climata is changnahle and aouaa what 
fofgy— bcnce the prorerb ** Vienna ant vaoton 
ant venenoea'* (Vienna Is either windj or sickly). 

The citj proper and its suburbs are now dirided 
into nineteen Begirke, or Sections. These Sections 



^ta^vr^iay.— Arsenal, 9 to 3; Wagner Museum, , are Innere Stadt (City), Leopoldstadt, Landstrasse, 



All^egasse, Wieden, 10 to 6. Geologrical Institute. 

The porter at the hotel should be consulted, as 
the days are sometimes changed. 

Every <toy.— -Imperial Library, 1. Josef splatz, 9 
to 4; Botanical Moseum; Imperial Stables, except 
Sundays; Wiener Kiinstler Club. 

ComrxTAHCKS..— Rail to Salzbui^ and Munich ; 
Pressburg and Buda Pest; Oderbergand Limberg ; 
Brunn, Prague, and Dresden ; Bruck and Stock- 
erau ; Neustadt and Laibach, and Trieste. Dili- 
gences; Steamers on the Danube. — See BrtuUhaw's 
ContinentcU Guide. 

Fkstivals.— Easter at St. Stephen*s. Ist May 
(afternoon), procession in the Prater. Corpus 
Christi, Thursday after Trinity, when the Em- 
peror and his family join in the procession to 
church. Military festival at the luTalidenhaus 
on Leipsic day, 18th October. The Sunday nearest 
18th July, at the Brigittenau. 

Population (1890), 1,864,648, including the 
suburbs, of whom 76,000 arc Jews and 20,700 
soldiers. 

yiexma, the Roman Vindobona, called Wien in 
Qerman, Vienne in French, and popularly "Kaiser- 
stadt,'* or the Imperial city, is the capital of the 
Austro-IIungarian Empire, and of the Archduchy of 
Lower Austria (or the country below the Ems), 
standing in a wide plain, near the Danube (or 
Donau), where a branch of it, called the Danube 
Canal, is Joined by the little river Wien, from which 
it derives its name. The Donau Canal is a loop 
which leaves the Danube at Mussdorf , 8 miles above 
Vienna, and joins it again below the city. It was 
made 1 698-1700. The best view of Vienna and the 
surrounding country is obtained from St. Stephen's 
spire and the Belvedere, which takes in a prospect 
iticladlng the ialanda of the Danube, the fields of 



Wieden, Margrarethen, Mariahilf, Nenhau, Josef- 
stadt, Alsergmnd, FaToriten, Simmering-. Meidling, 
Hietaing, Sechshans, Ffinfhaus, Ottakrin^, Her- 
nals, Wiihring, and Dobling. In the Inuen 
Stadt the Cathedral, Palace, the best hooaes and 
shops are located. Outside tliis was an opa 
ring, 900 to 1,500 feet wide, called the Baatd 
and Glacis, from the ramparts, 40 to 50 feet hig^ 
which hemmed in the town till they were razed, 
1868. This site, usually called Ring Strxuse, or 
Bln^ and traversed by a tram-rail, is now laid 
out and mostly built over, with handsome new 
streets, hotels, public structures, monuments, and 
gardens which rival those of Paris, and have now 
covered the greater part oi the once open sjiace, 
and made it continuous with the suburbs beyond. 

Of the Suburbs, that on the Leopoldstadt 
Island, including the Brigittenau, to the north of 
the Danube Canal, towards the Prater, is, in 
general, weU built, with broad and regular streets, 
containing many churches and convents. Next 
to Leopoldstadt, the best districts are JSgrerzeile, 
Landstrasse, Rennweg, Alt and Neu Wieden, 
Schottenfeld, Neubau, Mariahilf, Josef stadt, Al- 
sergrund, and Rossau. They were once surrounded 
by the Lines, a wall about 12 feet high and 18 miles 
long, made 1704, when the city was threatened by 
the Hungarians, and served as the octroi limits, 
but they are being pulled down, since the incor- 
poration of the new suburbs. The old city walls 
had twelve Gates (There) corresponding to twelve 
in the outer walls or Idnien; of these only 
two remain, viz., the Burgthor, or Palace Gktte, 
modelled after the PropylsBa at Athens, consisting 
of five arches on twelve Doric columns, built 
1824, by von Nobile, inscribed with the Emperor 
Francis's motto, *'titiaRegnorum Fundamentnm," 
and the Franx Josef s-Thor, near the Franx- 
Josefs-Kaseme, and the ZoUamt and the Post- 



WMsmuD mnd A$p«rD ; the KaiUenberg moimtaiiis \ ol&ce^ ^%m \o \\i« VixksMissa ^ ^« \ysna<a Caail 



Route 64.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GBBMANY. — VIBNNA. 



241 



with tlio little River Wien, opposite the ZoUamts- 
BrUcke over the latter. 

Vienna is perhaps without a rival for grand 
buildings, royal, public and private, ecclesiastical 
and municipal, and fine streets and open places. 
All the more ancient remains are in the Innere 
Stadt, and the stranger will do well not to allow 
the seductions of the Ring Strasse to prevent him 
from visiting the AlUtadt. The houses in the old 
town arc high brick buildings of five or six storeys, 
in narrow irregular streets. Here, and in the city 
generally, the people live in flats, or part of flats, so 
much so that the total population averages upwards 
of fifty to a "house" so called. The house Zur 
Weintraube, in the Graben, is seven storeys high. 
The Freihaus auf der Wieden, belonging to the 
Starhemberg family, contains 6 courts, 200 suites of 
rooms, and 3,000 inhabitants. Another, called the 
Biirgerspitafy has 10 courts, 212 suites, and 1,200 in- 
habitants, and yields a rent of 100,000 florins. The 
n-attnerho/,inihe Graben, contains 400 persons, who 
pay a rent of 50,000fl. Another large building in 
the Altstadt, is the Schottenhof, belonging to German 
monks, but originally granted to the Scotch Bene- 
dictines by the Emperor Frederick I., in 1158, and 
now a very wealthy endowment. The Mofkerho/, 
opposite this, belonging to the Abbey of MiJlk, is 
almost as large. Other large boildiiigs of this 
kind are the Atiendahof and the Orabenhof^ in the 
Graben; the Domhermhof^ in Domgasse; the 
Karnthnerhof and the Thonehof^ in Karnthner- 
strasse; and the Schweiterhof^ in Josef spla'z. 

The most striking buildings, after the Cathe- 
dral and the Imperial Palace (here called the 
Burg), are as follow : —The Belvedere. The Palace 
of Archduke Albert in the Hofgartenstrasse, on 
the east side of the Burg. The Palace of Justice, 
and Natural HUtory and Art Museums, in the Burg 
Ring. The Opera House and Heinrichshof in the 
Opernriug. The handsome new buildings of the 
New York Equitable and New York Life Assu- 
rance Offices, and the Stadtbaugesellschaft, in the 
Graben. The Union bangesellschaft in Franzens- 
ring. The Schwarzenbcrg, Stahrcmbcrg, and 
Rainer Palaces. Palace of Count Czemin. 
Epstein Palace, in the Burgrlng. Palace or 
Majoratshans of Prince Liechtenstein : the front in 
ffchonkenatrABse, 220 foet l(me, one <rf the hand- 



somest buildings in Vienna, built by Martinelli, 
and lately restored. Palace of the Archbishop, in 
Bischofsgasse. The Deutsche-Hans, belonging to 
the Teutonic order, in Singerstrasse. Trautson 
Palace, built by F. Von Erlach, 1711, in the Corin- 
thian style, on an arched basement. National 
Bank and the Landstande Palace in Herrengasie. 
Also, Palace of the Minister for Landescultur. 
Palace of the Minister of Finance, in Johan- 
nisgasse. The Bohemian Chancery Office; a 
fine building, by Von Erlach. Palace of the 
Minister of War (or Hofkriegraths Gebaude), built 
1775, in Am Hof, as the square hi front of it is 
called; which is of historical interest from the 
murder of Count Latour, Mhiister of War in 1848, 
who was hung on a gas-lamp. University Library, 
in Dominikanerplatz. The University and the 
Parlaments-Gebaude, on Franzens Ring. Palace 
of the Duke of Coburg-Cohary, at the Carolhicrthor. 
The Arsenal. Polytechnic Institute. General 
Hospital. The Inmlidenhaus ("Soldiers' Hospital"), 
in Landstrasse, was built 1750, and remodelled 
by Joseph II., in 1784. It gives accommodation 
to 64 officers and 550 men, and contains a large 
room, with busts of Austrian generals by Rlie- 
ber, and pictures of the battles of Aspem and 
Leipsic, by ELrafft. All the heads are portraits. 
The Medical and Surgical Josephs-Akademie, in 
WUhringerstrasse. The new Criminal Gerichtshaus 
(Courts of Law), ui the Alsergrund. Palace 
of the Hungarian Life Guards at St. Ulrich's 
Convent (dissolved since 1848). The Mint, hi Land- 
strasse. Savings Bank, by Pichl. The Porzellau 
House, in Karntnerstrasse, is faced with porcelain. 
The city is now supplied with Water from new 
works, constructed in 1870-3, by Gabrielli (the 
contractor for the Docks at Chatham), at a cost of 
20 millions of florins. The water is brought from 
the springs at Kaiserbrunn and Stixenstein, in the 
Hollenthal, or Styrian Alps, 50 to GO miles distant, 
to the Rosenhttgel, Schmclz, and Wienerberg re- 
servoirs in the city, and to a fountain facing the 
Schwarzenbcrg Palace, in the Ringstrasse, where 
there is a fine jet 180 feet high. It passes through 
a tunnel of 10,200 feet in the Hollenthal, and along 
viaducts at Baden, Modling, and lA«ftJs«sc., 



140 

he B 
3aUe 
Inal 
Fr 
ting, 
Plot 
iieki 

St 

T 

the 

i 

to 4 

Sa 

I 

Fi 
Bl 

er 

c 

(I 

( 
I 



M2 



BKA1>SHAW'S ILLUSTBATED 



e U fai front of the Bvrf . bsTia^ on one side 
■o^nrten. on tlM other the Tollugarten. In the 
e«atr» of the AhstMh Is the GnbenpUtz. 540 feet 
by lot feet. The StephnnjpUtz. near the Cathe- 
Jtnl, is the starting pomt for omnibasea. The Am 
Bof ia 450 feet hj MO feet. The Frejvng is near 
tiM dehottenhof. and has a f^wUtun bj Schwan- 
thaler, representing tlie four chief rirers of tlie 
Austrian dominioas at the feet of Austria. R. 
Doaner's Fountain is in the Neamarkt. 

MotmM^aUM.—ln Joaephsiiiats. at the Palace, is 
the eoloesal eqaestrian statue oi the Emperor 
Joseph JJ^ » feet 8 inch high, tj Zauner, 1806. 
The black granite pedestal bears this inscr^ition— 
*"J<»sepho II. Aug. qui Salnti Publicae rixit non 
diu sed totus, Franciscus Rom. et AustrL Imp. ex 
fratre nepos alteri parenti posuit, 1806." On the 
long sides are two bas-reliefs of Agriculture and 
Coomierce. At the omers are bas-reliefs of 
the most remarkable events of his reign. In 
the Ho/garten Is the statue of Biaria Theresa's 
husband, the Emperor Francis /., supported by 
statues of Justice, Strength, Religion, and Peace. 
The eight-sided pedestal is ornamented with bas- 
reliefs ; on the front side are the well-known words 
from the Emperor's will, '* Amorem meum pc^ulis 
mels," and on the back of it the dedication, by 
Ferdinand I. Statues of Prince Eugene and Arch- 
duke Charles in front of the Burg; of Prince 
Schwarxenberg, in Schwarzenberg-plata. The 
IHTifaltigteit$ Saule, or Pillar to the Holy Trinity, 
on the Graben, is 70 feet high, and was erected 
by Fischer Ton Erlach, for Leopold I., in 1698, for 
deliverance from the plague. The angels are 
admired. It stands between two fountains. The 
"Stock im Eisen," at the large house between 
Stock-im-Eisenplatz and Kamthnerstrasse— one 
of the sights of Vienna — is a tree trunk, bound 
with Iron clamps, and covered thickly with nails 
from top to bottom. Every journeyman locksmith 
used to diive a nail into t'nis tree, which stood in 
the ancient Wiener Wald, and is adopted as the 
city crest. 

The chief Promenades are the Kamthner-strasse; 
the Graben; the Voiksgarten, near the Palace; 
the Exercler-platz and Stadt Park, round the 
old town ; the Burg Ring, and the Prater. The 
Volksgarten wis ^vin up to the town by the 
ttrnperoT FriDCiB, 1^94. fiere Strang's l^nd used 
fo pidy. It eonUint a Temple of ThuUm^ bxdlt by 



Von Xobfle. eontaining CanovuS stacae oi 
and the Centaurs, which liad been on 
Napoleon for the Corso at Milan. 

VeW BvlldillSS, in the Ring^-strasse, 
Since the levellin? of the old mmparl 
their place ha^ been taken by the broad \ 
tifnl Ring-strasse. which runs in a horses 
with the Donau Canal uniting its tw 
Along this stream runs the handaom 
Josefs-QuaL The Ring-strasse is divide 
Schottcn^ the Franzens, the Burg, the ( 
Kamthner. Kolowrat, the Park, and tl: 
Rings. Along ttiis street arc several 
beautiful buildings. Starting from the i 
in the Schotten Ring, the first noteworth] 
is the Polizei-DirectioH^ opposite to wh 
Bone, which contains the Uandels 
Oriental) Museum, then the Stiftungs-Ho 
site of the Ring Theatre (burnt, 1881), w 
tains the memorial Suhn-Kapelle (expiatoi 
In the Franzens Ring is the Cnixersit\ 
square Tuscan building. Then the new 
an imposing Gothic structure, completed 1 
a tower 335ft. high. Opposite to this h 
$ehatupielhatu (Court Theatre^ a Re 
edifice, opened 1887. Farther on, on 
side, the handsome Volksgarten (People 
and oiqposite to this, the Parlaments-Oi 
the Greek style. To the right of this, tJ 
Palast^ German Renaissance style, opei 
where the Supreme Court of Justice mec 
is on the Burg Ring, and somewhat f 
are the two new Renaissance Natural Si 
Art Museums (page 248) , facing the Burg (j 
At the comer of the Burg and Opem J 
the other side, is the Ho/garten (Court 
in which an extension of the Burg is being 
Next to it is the Albertina, the Librarj 
Archduke Albrecht, with a fine collectio 
gravings (open Mondays and Thursdays, f o; 
Close by is the Hof-Opem-Theater^ a maj 
Renaissance structure (page 252), comple 
Opposite to it is the Heinrichshof. The K 
Ring comes next, containing fine piles of 
houses, hotels, Ac. In the Park Ring is the 
Stadt-Park. 

Bridges.— The Francis Bridge(Fr&Yizen. 

neAr the steamboat quay, built 1808, th 

Sridge^Ferdinand Bridge (Ferdinanddbrllc 

\ \%1^^ otk,\,«n. \xou «^.x^\vft%^Sopl\\aBr\dqev 



Route 64.] ItiND-BOOK TO o 


EBMAKY— VIENNA, 


243 


slon bridge, SflS feet long, bniH ISSB. wrer to the 


liO feet high, which overl 


Dkg the city and 




ioonlry, and was rebuilt 186 


1. The ourre* pond- 


by Behsel, In IBIB, Ihe Auffarltii BriOgf. and tbo 


lag one on the north side 




Brigilla Bridge (still fonher on) all cross the 






Uonnn Csnal. Meny >ma]l one. cross tUe Wien. 


front are SIO feet high. Be 


ween these 1> th> 


a alream which rises In the Wicuer Walde, uid 


principal door (one of five en 


ranees), or Bleaen- 


joins the Doiian Canal below RadetiLy Bridge, 


Ihortaianl'a door), which ha 


a stone Christ, and 


■ The n-a« /MspS'i and the C™™ Pri-urc R-doIf 




lib of Joseph »>d 




Conversion of St. Panl. Hen 


also are. tomb of 


'_ Vienna -was the old capital of Pannonla, and 


Celtes, tho poet (died IfiOS). n 


nd the pnlplt from 




i-hicJiJohnCopistran preach 


d, IMl, tbo cnuadt 


' 1484 it was uiken h; Matthias, King of Ilun^r)', 


igainst the Torka, who h.U 


invaded Hungarr. 


' who resided here till his death. It has been the 








atleentheentnriea,restonclg 


leen mtirble pUlar., 


In ISTO It was besieged by the Tnrk^ nndcr Holy- 






man n.. and relieved hyCharlaaV. 11 snst^ed 


Thero are Marly forty alu.™ 


and chapelt, richly 


anotbor and more celebrated siege in 1S83, from 




ai a painting by T. 


Kara Uuita|>ha, and was sa>ed by Dnke Charles 


Boek; at the others are works 




of Lotharingla, and Sobieskl, King of Poland, 




, and other anltta. 


when SO.OOO defeated l(eo,000 Turks. The plagne 


wcient and modern. The ro. 


f Is richly carved. 



cupled by Napoleon after th 



-adorf and Wagram, 3r 
) CongresB of Vienna, 
»r Europe aitar the w 





objects 










n St. Catherln 






nt on 


stalK 


by Lercb (1461), Good 


■ebyft 


echselB 


ndKlgramdJl!) 




iher 






Lerch OllS)~ 




the 


/Ferdi 


xaxd ///,. In red and ,. 


hite a 


ali- 






with Ihltty-tw 






Tomb 


of Prtn 




roy. in 


the 


iapell 




of the Dnk 


Bad 


Iph 




by B 


der 


Alar 


a Organ 


with thlrty-twa 


top.. 


The 




Vault) in the crypt, where, 


ISS till 


SIS, thirty members of tb 


eAos 


rtan 





lury. The 


CathedraWBt.SlqAmA 


Btepb 


I>1 




Altstodt, a splendid 


thlc St 






tored 196S-M by F, Schmidt. P 






mth«l«l.centdry,bnt 


he pre 


bonding wa 


erected between 1300 


and 1 




is m feet long by MS itat lb 


rough 


*r 


naepC and 


B« feet hlgb, and ba> f 






b^lng tb 


e gnmt iptre on (he amith ti 



ns. The hearts are at the Augnstli 


e Church, 


bodies in thai of the Capuchins. 




The celebmled SI. Stephen's Tower, o 


r Stiphant- 




he loftiest 


Europe, supports a bractclod spiie, a 


the top of 




lit double 


gie. Cards(4<lkr.)inaybcobtolned 


1 Ibe lodge 


the Sacristan, No. 3. Slephansplali 




Irease of TOO steps Ukes you up 1 


Ibe clock. 


d a second of 20 step, to .ha h^ 




king a tisVBiiSiA \i<ni*w». <*. ■*» 






t*^W"" 



d44 



».» 



BRADftIIAW'8 ILLUSTRATED 



fSec. 3. 



at the last siege of Vienna. The clapper weighs 
800 lbs. The hands of the clock are 6 feet lung. 

At the corner of the Stephans-platr and the 
Graben is the faiuons Stock im Eisen (soc page 242) ; 
and, further down ihe Graben, the Trinity Votive 
Colamn, with its fountafais. 

The Hofpfarrkirche der Augtutiner (t.tf., the 
Augustine Church, or parish church of the Court), 
is close to the Palace, and has been restored since 
184«, when It was half-burnt by fire in the memor- 
able insurrection. It has three aisles; a fine 
high altar of Tyrolese mai1)le; altar-pieces by T. 
Bock and Spielbergen; and frescoes by Maul- 
bertsch. The Maria Loretto Chapel, built 1627, 
contains the heafts of deceased members of the 
Imperial family. In the Todten Kapelle are 
Zauner's tombs of the Emperor Leopold II. and 
Field-Marshal Daun (1766). The Monument to the 
Arehdueheu Maria Christina^ daughter of Maria 
Theresa, is a beautiful work, by Canova (1805), 
erected at a cost of 20,000 ducats. It is the well- 
known design in which two groups of mourning 
figures are seen entering the funeral vault. 

The Capueinerkirehe (Capuchins') contains the 
Imperial Chapel and Vault, built by the Emperor 
Matthias, who is buried here (1619) with his wife 
Anna. The Chapel contains an altar-piece by 
G. MatthiU, and is richly ornamented with gold, 
silver, and precious stones. The vault contains 66 
sarcophagi, mostly in copper, in a double row, 
behind a trelliswork of iron. That of Margaret of 
Spain, daughter of Khig Philip IV., first wife of 
Leopold I., is of solid silver. Maria Theresa en- 
larged the vault 1758; the latest addition was 
made 1824, by the Emperor Francis II., who was 
buried here 1885. Here also is the sarcophagus of 
his grandson, the son of Napoleon, the young 
Duke of Reichstadt, with this inscription: — 
".AtemflB MemorisB Jos. Car. Francisci Duels 
Reiohstadtiensis Napoleon is, Gallia) Imperatoris, 
et Mar. Ludovicse Arch. Austrl. filll, nati Parlsils 
20 Mart. MDCCCXI., in cunabulis Regis Rom., 
nomine salutati ; state omnibus ingenii corporisque 
dotibus florentem, procera statura vulta juveniliter 
decoro singulari sermonis comitate, militaribus 
studiis et laboribus mire in tent um, phthisistentavit 
tristisaima mors rapuit insubnrbano Augnstorum 
ad Pulchrum Fontem prope Vindobonam, 22 Julii, 
1882." It is to the effect that he was saluted King 
of Rome in his cradle; that he was a young man 



in the flowar of his age, pf beauty and talents, aii 
that, spite of his fine shape, amiable manners, swMt 
disposition, and his inclination to study aal 
military duties, he was carried off by consumplioo tf 
SchSnbrunn, near Vienna, 22nd July, 1832. Tbi 
vault is opened on All Souls' Day, 2nd Nov., bit 
strangers are allowed to visit it at other times, bf 
permission, leaving a small contribution for the poor. 

The Kirche zu Maria-SHegm^ or J/aHo-oa* 
Gtstade (on the Strand), in Salvatorgasse, Is the 
second oldest in Vienna (next to 8t. RupreMt, 
founded 740), and a good monument of Gothk 
architecture; finished 1354 (on the site of OM 
founded 822), and restored 1820. It was given vp 
to the Redemptionists of the order of St. Frandi 
Ligniori, who were suppressed in 1848, when thi 
convent buildings were secularised. The Chmdi 
is dedicated to the use of the Slaroniansy the 
service being performed in Bohemian. It contdai 
beautiful altars, and glass paintings by Mohn, ttom 
designs by Schnorr. The seven-sided tower is SN 
feet high. The nave and choir are ont td line. 
Here is Donner's Fountain^ erected 1739, witfc 
figures of the four Austrian contributary rivers to 
the Danube : these were restored in bronze in 187t. 

The Pfarrkirche zu St. Peter (St. Peter's pariih 
church), in Petersplatz, built 1702, on the model 
of St. Peter's at Rome. It contains Rottmayer^ 
fresco in the cupola; and other paintings an the 
high altar, Ac, by Altomonte ; and the tomb d the 
historian, Wolfgang Lazius. 

The Pfarrkirche zu St. Michael (MichaePs Chnrob), 
in the Bemardine Convent, in Michaelsplatx, built 
1221, and later much altered. It snfTend 
severely from a confiagration, November, 1892. It 
contained a statue of the Virgin at the higb. mltarx 
frescoes by Schnorr; with the graves ct Metas- 
tasio, the poet, and of the celebisted "Weisse 
Frau," wife of Hans von LiechteDStetn. 

The Schotten Kirche (Scottish Church) In Freinng, 
part of the old Abbey for Scotch Benedictines, 
built 1158-1418 (now the Schottenhof), has 
an altar-piece by Sandrart, and the tomb of the 
bravo Count Rudiger von Starhembergr, who de- 
fended the city against the Turks at the last siege. 
Near this Is Schwanthaler's FoimtaiH (1846). with 
four statues of the Danube, Elbe, Vistula, and Po. 



Route 64. J 



HAND-fiOOK TO GBUHAKT. — ^VIENNA. 



24b 



The MinoHten Kirch*, in Minoritenplatz, is 
appropriated to service in Italian. It was rebuilt 
after 1395, and has a g^od front, an altar-piece by 
Unterberger, and a large Mosaic copy of Leonardo 
da Vinci's " Last Supper," done byRaffaeli, 1816. 

The Kirehe xu St. Johann (St. John) in Kiimthner 
Strasse was built 1200, by the Knights of Malta. 
Preaching in the Hungarian language. At the 
New St. John's, in Leopoldstadt, by Rosner (1845), 
arc frescoes by KupUweiser and Fiihrich. 

The Weistgarber, or St. Othmar Kirehe, erected 
1873, is in the Landstrasse suburb, and has a fine 
tower, 250 feet high. 

Another handsome modern Church (1878) in 
early Gothic style, rlciily adorned with frescoes 
and mural decorations, stained glass, &c., is in the 
Briffittenau, on the north side of the city, and the 
modem (1845) Church of St. John, in the Leopold- 
stadt, is also decorated with frescoes. 

The Kirehe xu St. Salvator, or Rathhans Capelle 
in Salvatorgasse, has some good statues at the 
door. It is used by the Old Catholics. 

The Oarrison Church, of the 17th Centuary, is 
near the War Office, in Hof Square, opposite the 
MariensSale, or monument to the Virgin. 

The Maria Trost Church, in Mariahilf suburb, 
was built 1721, on the site of the Grand Vizier's 
tent, at the siege of 1688. 

The AUlerchenfeld Church is a modem brick 
building, by Mttller, 1853, in the Italian style, 
with two towers, and is ornamented with frescoes 
by Fuhrich and other artists 

The Heiland*, or Votiv-Kirehe, near the 
Sehottenthor, is a Votive Church built to commem- 
orate the Emperor's escape from an assassin, 18th 
February, 1853; and a beautiful sample of Gothic, 
273 feet long, by 99 feet, with two spires, 340 feet. 

At the Kirehe xu St. Anna, in Annagasse, rebuilt 
1747, the preaching on Sundays is in French. 

The Court Chapel at tiie Palace, which the Em- 
peror attends on Sunday, has an altar-piece by 
Fettl. 

The Church of the Sisters of Mercy was buUt 
1884, in the Lombard style. 

Two Protestant Chapels at 1118 and 1114 Doro- 
theagasse, one for the Lutherans, the other for 
the Reformed Church, were opened 1788 and 1784. 
They have neither steeple nor bell and the way to 



them is through a court. Seryice on Sundayt 
about ten o'clock. A third chapel is in the Haupt- 
itrasse, in the suburb of Gumpendorf. 

There are three Oreek Churches, two being the 
Nicht Uniten Griechen (Non-United or Schismatic 
Greek) as they are called ; the other, the Uniten 
Griechen (United or Roman Catholic Greek.) 

A handsome Synagogue for the German Jews in 
Sictenstettergasse, was built 1826. Another, near 
Carl's Theatre, built 1857, by Forster, is in the 
Byzantine style. 

The Charch of Karl Borromaus (St. Charles 
Borromeo), inAlte Wieden, is one of the most 
striking churches in Vienna, built 1713-6, by 
Vischer Ton Erlach and Martinelli, for Charles VI. 
after the plague of 1713. Over the handsome six- 
column Corinthian portico is a fine bas-relief of 
the '' Effecti of the Plague, 1713." It has a painted 
dome by Rottmayer, and the tomb of the poet 
Hoinrich von Collin. In front of it are two belfries, 
in the form of columns, 145 feet high, adorned 
with reliefs winding round in a spiral, like Trajan's 
Column at Rome. 

The Burg and its GoUecUoiiB.— The old 

Imperial Palace, called the Hofbnrg, or simply 
the Burg, and the seat of the Austrian Court 
since the thirteenth century, is an irregular 
pile of different dates, on the south side of the 
Altstadt, facing the Burgthor and the Hof- 
garten and Volksgartenin the Burg Ring. It covers 
9^ acres out of 17, and contains three principal 
courts, called the Franzensplatz, Schweixerhof 
(from the old Swiss Guards), and Amalienhof. 
The largest one, the Franzensplatz (or Innere 
Bnrgrplatz), is the middle court of the three. 
On the east side is the most ancient part of tha 
pile, built about 1*210, by Leopold VII., of Baben- 
berg, and enlarged by Rudolph II., and hie sue- 
cessors. Here stands Marchesi's statue of Franeit 
I. (1846), round which the guard-mounting takes 
place daily at 12*39; also staiues of Archduke 
Charles (1860), and Prince Eugene. One side of 
the Burgplatz Is occupied by the Chancery, 
built by Von Erlach, and adorned by eoloisal 
groups of the labours of Hercules, by Matthieli. Ab 
ancient gate leads into the Schweizerhof Court, con- 
taining the Hof burgkaQeUeCpcA»V^«s«^%«ie&»^'«^^^^^^^ . 



246. 



..» 



BRADSIIAW'8 ILLUgTftATED 



[Sec.l 



tl 

c 

t 

I 

] 

1 



ballt 1805, by Francis I. An extension of the pile 
towards the east, and the Augustine Church, forms 
Josefs-platz, in which stands the equestrian statue 
of Joseph II. (1806). To the south arc the 
Albrechts-PIatz and the Palace of Archduke 
Albert. 

The Imperial Riding School is a fine building, by 
Fischer von Erlach, in the Burgring. In front of 
the Imperial Palace is the Burgthor, a gate, built 
1824, by von Nobile, on twelve columns, in the 
middle of the Burgring. 

The architect Semper executed designs for a 
partial reconstruction and considerable extension 
of the Hofburg, which have been to some extent 
carried out. Two large wings have been built, 
running from the Burgring to the central building, 
skirting the Hofgarten and the Volksgarten re- 
spectively. 

The Palace, or Burg, contains two Collections, 
open to public view. 

Ist. TheJewelHouse,Treasuryor.Schatzkammer, 
in Schweizerhof Court. 

2nd. the Library. 

These are in the East wing, in and around 
Joscphsplatz. 

1. The Schatzkammei' (Treasury), on the first floor 
of the Schweizerhof Court. Cards to view by 
application at the Schatzmeisteramt, the day be/ore, 
but strangers can mostly obtain tickets at once. 
Admission, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, at ten 
o'clock. 

In this rich collection of jewels, and works in 
gold, silver, ivory, wood, <fec., arc: — 

The coronation dress of the Emperor Charle- 
magne, formerly used at the coronation of the Ger- 
man Emperor. Relics exposed at the coronation: 
viz., the lance, a piece of the true Cross, nails from 
the Cross, Ac. The Austrian coronation dress of 
Napoleon, as King of Italy; the silver cradle 
given to his son, the King of Rome. The crown of 
the Emperor and Empress, made for the coronation 
at Prague in 1867. Ornaments and jewels used 
at Impeiial baptisms. A very large stone, the 
Florentine Diamond^ weighing 133 carats, which 
belonged to Charles the Bold of Burgundy, and 
was stolen by a soldier at the battle of Gransou, 
sold at Bern for 6 gulden, and now valued at 
^fi7,460. The cbsin of the order of Maria 



! Theresa, set with 548 brilliants. Order of tht 
I Golden Fleece, made for Francis I., and compoMd 
j of 150brflliants. Various Austrian orders, including 
j that of tfae Iron Crown. A jacinth in the Imperial 
eagle, weighing 416 carats. A pure aquamariit 
of 492 carats. The golden shawl of Michad 
FcodorowHsch, the Russian, weighing- 642 duetti. 
Rare old watches, including several round onei, 
called Nuremberg Eggs. The well-known Salt- 
cellar, by Benvenuto Cellini. Vestments, splendidly 
embroidered in pearls, for the order of the Golden 
Fleece. The celebrated Tabula Solaris, a Byzantine 
work of art. The sabre of Harouii Er-Rashid. 
Wallenstehrs horoscope or talisman. Besides man; 
vases and goblets, clocks, and antique figures in 
ivory, crystal, wood, and metal, and equestriu 
statues of Leopold I., Joseph II., and Charles VI. 
2. The Ho/ Bibliothek, or Public Library, open 
daily from nine till four, except Sundays and 
festivals, occupies the front of Joscphsplatz, and 
was built 1722, for the Emperor Charles VT., hj 
Vischer von Erlach. A staircase, ornamented witii 
Roman antiquities found in Austria, leads to tbe 
great room, 246 feet long, 54 broad. Here is the 
marble statue of Charles VI., who first opened it 
to public use, surrounded by twelve other emperan 
of the house of Hapsburg. The painted ceiling is 
by Daniel Gran. The walnut book cases are gilt 
and ornamented with medallions. The collection, 
first began by Frederick III., 1440, and increased 
by his successors, and by the libraries of Count 
Fugger and Prince Eugene, now contains upwards 
of 300,000 volumes, and 20,000 MS8., including 
12,000 early printed books and 6,000 volumes of 
music. 

Among the curiosities and relics are a roH with 
Mexican hieroglyphics, presented by Cortez to 
Charles V. German Harmony of the Gospels, 
885, and a MS. of the 8th century. The psalter of 
Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne, with gold letters. 
The celebrated Tabula Peutingeriana, a map of the 
Roman empire in the fourth century. The only 
existing MS. of the 5th book of Livy, from which 
that book was first printed. A German illuminated 
Bible of the fourteenth centmy. The Prayer Book 
of Charles V. A fragment of Genesis ("Greek) 
in silver letters, on parchment. Greek Testam^ 



Route 64.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMANY. — VIENNA. 



247 



translation, -writh a note in his handwriting. The 
MS. Life of Frederick I., and of Maximilian, with 
woodcnts by Hans Burgmair. Tasso's "Jerusalem 
Delivered," the poet's own MS. of his work. A 
beautiful collection of oriental MSS., arranged by 
Baron Von Hammer-Purgstall. 

Among the early printed works (Incunabeln), 
of the fifteenth century, are copies of Apuleius, 
Aulus Gellius, the Letters of St. Jerome, Caesar's 
Commentaries, The Psalms (1457), a Latin Bible 
(1462), all printed on parchment, t)y Fust and 
Schoffer, at Mcntz, Ac, and the Biblia Pauperum, 
dating from 1430. 
I The collection of Engravings and Woodcuts, about 
I 300,000 in number, from the collection of Prince 
, Eugene, fills 940 volumes. Among them are 4 
volumes of the earliest artists from FinigueiTa 
to Marc Antonio ; 2 volumes of Andrea Mantegna, 
and other old Italian masters ; 3 volumes of 
Raphael ; 8 of Caracci ; 9 of Bartolozzi ; 5 volumes 
of old German masters ; 1 of Albrecht Diirer ; 1 of 
Lucas von Leyden. 

The Emperor's Private Library^ in the Schweizer- 
hof at the Burg, contains more than 60,000 
volumes; about 800 portfolios, with engravings 
and designs (70,000 portraits) ; 3,400 maps and 
plans, on linen; and 108 handsomely bound 
atlases. 

Belvedere Palace.— The Belvedere, to the 
east of the city, on the slope of the Rennweg, is a 
palace of the Emperors, built 1693 to 1724, by Von 
Erlach, for Prince Eugene of Savoy, consisting of 
two buildings, an Upper and Lower Belvedere 
divided by a garden between them in the French 
style, in which Bern encamped, 1848. The Ambras 
collection of Arms, MSS., and antiquities, and the 
Imperial Picture Gallery, formerly here, are now 
in the New Museum. 

The New MUflenins (k. k. Hofmuseen), com- 
menced in 1872, and opened In 1891, form, together 
with the grand Maria Theresa Monument, lying 
between them, one of the most conspicuous objects 
on the Burg Ring. Alike in outward appearance 
and dimensions, they constitute two long quad- 
rangles, with an internal court right and left, 
divided by a massive staircase, each surmounted 
by a large square plateau, from which rises an 
ectagonal cupola, crowned by a colossal statute o! 



Pallas Athene. The height from the pavement to 
the attic of the central portion is 108^ feet, that of 
the cupola with the crowning figure, 210 feet. 
The building on the north side, the NaturhlS- 
torisclie Museum, is devoted to zoology, botany, 
mineralogy, ethnography, and palaeontology ; that 

on the south side, the EunfltJilBtorlsche Mu- 
seum, to sculpture, painting, archaeology, numis- 
matology, and every branch of art. The whole of 
the imperial collections formerly located in th« 
Belvedere and Hofburg Palaces are now placed 
in these two museums, and considerable additions 
have been made. 

As soon as the two large new additions to the 
Hofburg block of buildings are completed, the 
two museums are to be connected with them by 
massive arcade-like ai-ches spanning the Ring- 
strasse. That portion of the above new additions 
skirting the Hof or Kaiser Garten is already in 
progress. 

Arts Museum: the ceiling of the cupola in 
the great entrance vestibule is adorned with four 
circular medallion heads of Bramante, Michael 
Angelo, Raphael, and Cellini, In the large stair- 
case-hall are two lions in Carrara marble, support- 
ing the imperial arms. The cupola space on the 
first floor is ornamented with sixteen winged 
children and sixteen young girls, which act as 
caryatides to the windows. Allegorical paintingf 
by Munkacsy, Markart, G. and £. Kllmt, Juliujf 
Bcrger, and Eisenmenger, the most famous Aus- 
trian painters of modern times, are found on the 
ceilings and upper portions and niches, Ac, of the 
walls of the building. In the vestibule is the 
celebrated Theseus, by Canova. 

On the ground floor are the Egyptian Musenifi, 
Antique Sculpture, Vases, <fec., Coins and Medals, 
Ornamental Industrial Objects, and Weapons. 

On the first floor, the Belvedere Gallery of Paint- 
ings and Pictures by modern artists. 

On the second floor, the Water Colour Paintings 
and Drawings from the Belvedere. Every picture 
beari the name and date of the painter in clearly 
visible letters. 

The Egyptian Museum is contained in Hallf I. 
to VI. In Hall I., the two ted ^•»a5c*jfe.'s?ifi^*=c*''««^- 



24d 



BRADSHAW^S ILLUSTBATBD 



[Seel 



mental objects from the earliest times down to the 
Christian era. Hall II. contains monumental 
inscriptions and mnmmies of animals. A frag- 
mentary relief here is somewhat remarkable, re- 
lating to the reception of Semitic nomads about 
the 17th century, B.C. Hall III. contains mummy 
cases, statuettes of the deceased, many being priest- 
kings of the 21st dynasty (1000 b.c), and their 
wives, Ac. Hall IV. contains similar objects with 
mummies, and sepalchral vases, and scarabsei. In 
Hall V. are a representation of the Osiris worship, 
and some very good blue pottery figures. Hall 
"VI., various Egyptian antiquities, papyri, vases, 
toilet articles, amulets, &c. 

With Hall VII. begins the collection of anti- 
quities. Here is a series of objects illustrating 
the development of the art of pottery in Greece, 
Ac, from the earliest times. Hall VIII. : similar 
objects. Hall IX. : Terracottas, including some 
very ancient Greek earthenware, and a lot of 
Tanfigra figures. Halls X. and XL: Sculptures in 
stone, including a four-headed Sphynx, and a 
head of Artemis of considerable merit and in good 
preservation, and the Fugger Sarcophagns, with 
reliefs of the Battle of the Amazons. In Halls 
XII. and XIII. are bronze vessels of Etruscan and 
Greek origin, with a portion of those discovered 
at Hallstadt and Siebenbiirgen, and a life-size 
statue of a youth. Hall XIV.: Gold and silver 
objects, rings, gems, ornaments, many of them 
found in Transylvania and Hungary. Among the 
gems is the celebrated Apotheosis of Augustus, 

Coins and Medals. — The collection embraces over 
((,200 selected specimens, illustrating the develop- 
ment and progress of the art. These are contained 
in Halls XV. and XVI. 

Objects of applied art, industry, <fcc.— These are 
arranged in eight halls, numbered XVII. to XXIV. 
The most noteworthy are the cup of the Emperor 
Maximilian I., in Hall XVII.; the famous salt- 
cellar of Benvenuto Cellini, and the celebrated 
** Pyramids*' of the Emperor Ferdinand III., in 
Hall XIX.; highly decorated furniture in Hall 
XXI. In Hall XXIII. are valuable and interest- 
ing MSS. from the Ambras collection, including 
the Hussite Codex and the Ambras Heldenbuch. 

Armow and Weapons. — These are displayed in 
J^ saloons, the 0rat eight being arranged in chrono- 



logical order from the middle ages down to moden 
times. These include many famous historical suiti 
of armour, and weapons once belonging to varioos 
distinguished personages. One of the suits is that 
of the gigantic lifeguardsman of Maximilian L 
From Hall XXXI. we pass into the vestibule and 
mount to the first storey, containing in 33 roonu 
the 

Imperial Picture Gallery £rom tlie Belve- 
dere Palace. This comprises two divisions, tte 
ancient and modem schools. It is only necessary 
to name the most remarkable pictures in each haU. 
(The arrangement of these pictures is liable to be 
altered.) 

Hall I.— Raphael's Virgin and ChUd with S:. 
John, known as the '^Madonna del Verde"; Peru- 
gino's Madonna and Child with four Saints. 

Hall II.— Caravaggio's Madonna with the Crown 
of Roses; A. del Sarto's Tobias led by the Angel. 

Hall III.— Titian's Ecce Homo, containing a 
portrait of Charles V. ; his Nymph and Shepherd, 
and Diana and Callisto; Tintoretto's Finding of 
Moses. 

Hall IV.— Titian's Danae, Holy Family, and 
Woman taken in Adultery; P . Veronese's Marriage 
of St. Catherine. 

Hall v.— Palma Vecchio's Lucretia; P. Vero- 
nese's Christ before the House of Jaims. 

Hall VI.— Spanish and French Pictures; perhaps 
the best are N. Poussin's Peter and John healing 
the Cripple, and portraits by Velasquez, including 
Philip IV. 

Hall VII.— Correggio's Jupiter and lo, and 
Ganymede; Parmeggiano's Cupid making a Bow. 

Hall VIII.— Here are a number of Canaletto's 
depicting various views in Vienna. 
Hall IX.— Ribera's Christ and the Doctors. 

Hall X.— Guide Rcni's Christ crowned with 
Thorns. 

Halls XI., XII,, XIII., and XIV.— Specimens of 
the old Flemish School. 

Hall XV.— Rubens' Venus; several portraits by 
Van Dyck. 

Hall XVI.— Portraits, Ac, by Rembrandt. 

Hall XVII.— Pictures by Mieris, Van Dyck, and 
\ Kubeu«. 



^oute 64.] 



HAND-BOOK TO GERMAN r. — VIENNA. 



249 



Halls XYIII. to XXIII.— Flemish School. Hall 
'XX. contains exclusively works of Rubens, in- 
'Viding Mary and John weeping over (he dead 
liri&t. 

Hall XXIV.— Horses by Hamilton. Rubens' 
tepiter and Mercury with Philemon and BauciH. 

Halls XXV. to XXVII.— Old German Masters: 
albert DUrer, Mengs, Holbein, Cranach, and 
b altbasar Denner. 

Halls XXVIII. to XXXIII.— Modem Painters, 
kiiefly Austrian. 

lu the second storey is a voluminous collection 
ff water-colours and drawings, the most remark- 
1)10 being the albuii of the Crown Prince In Hall 
iXXVI. 

Natural History Museum.— The ceiling of 

he staircase-hall is adorned with a grand alle- 
■orical painting, representing the "Cycle of Life," 
remarkable production of the artist Canon, which 
B worthy of careful study, and the lunettes also 
ontain smaller allegorical paintings by the same 
rtist. 

Halls I. to V. are devoted to Mineralogy. Halls 
71. to X. to Geology and Paleontology; Halls XI. 
o XIII. to Prehistoric Objects; and in Halls XIV. 

XIX. are the Ethnographic Collections. 

On the first storey are 20 rooms devoted to 
Zoological specimens, and on the second storey are 
ho Anthropological and Botanical collections. 

The most valuable and interesting objects in 
his Museum are the Meteorite*^ which are con- 
idered to excel in variety and value those in 
^ondon, formerly the first in the world. 

An illustrated catalogue of this museum can be 

1 ad for 60kr. 

No fees are allowed to be received by the attend- 
ants in the Imperial collections. The keepers of 
>rivate collections expect 60kr. to Ifi. 

The Arts Museum is open free, Monday, Wed- 
lesday, and Friday, 1 to 3; Sunday, 9 to 1. The 
Natural History Museum on Thursday and 
Saturday, 10 to 8, and Sunday, 9 to 1, free, and 
.n Tuesday, 10 to 3, fee Ifl. 

Private Qalleries.- -Oallery o/Pnnce Liechten- 
tein, FUrstengasse, off Liechtensteinstrawe; ad- 



mittance dally (except Saturdays^ 9 to 13 and 2 to 
5. Sundays and festivals, 2 to 4. In winter, closed. 
Fine garden, open to the public. 

The finest private collection in Vienna, mostly by 
the great masters — including Correggio's Cupid 
Sleeping on the Breast of Venus; Giorglone's Por- 
trait of a Woman; Rubens's Six Pictures of the 
History of Decius; and Portraits of the Two 
Sons; Vandyke's Portrait of Wallensteln; Leon- 
ardo da Vinci's Christ and his Cross. 

Here are also many paintings of the best artists 
of the old German and Dutch Schools; including 
four portraits of Austrian Princes, by Dttrer; 
Scenes from Hunting, Venison, Fruit, and two 
Sporting Dogs, by Snyders. 

Other private collections are the HarraehGcUleryy 
in Freiung Platz, 400 works, good pictures by 
Cuyp, Claude Lorraine, Raphael Mengs, J. 
Vernet, Murillo, Luca Giordano, Van der Velde, 
Velasqu 2z, and Titian. Open Monday, Wednesday, 
and Saturday, summer only, 30kr., 10 to 4 ; the 
Czernin Gallery, Landesgerlchtsstrassc, 340 Dutch 
and other masters, amongst which may be men- 
tioned two by Gtrard Dou, a good Paul Potter, a 
fine Van der Mecr, a Temptation of St. Anthony, by 
Callot,and a good Murillo. Admission on Mondays 
and Thursdays, 10 to 2. Closed in winter. At 
Count SchonhonCs, in Renngasse, are Rembrandt's 
Blinding of Samson by the Philistines, and a num- 
ber of other good pictures, chiefly Flemish. Open 
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 9 to 3, Fee, 
30kr. Closed from January to May. 

The Akademie der BUdenden Kwute (Academy 
of FlneArts) in Schiller- platz, contains some Casts 
and good pictures, and among them pointings by 
Titian, Claude Lorraine, Rubens and other Flemish 
artists, and Murillo. Open, Saturday, Sunday, 
and on festivals, 10 to 1 ; other days, 3 to 6. The 
Plaster Ctsti may be inspected on Saturday, 6 to 
7 p.m., other week days, 9 to 1. Closed in Sep- 
tember. The following are the most remarlcable of 
the pictures : — 

German School ^^hacAB Cranacli, Old Man and 
Young Girl; Albert DUrer, The Dead Christ 

French School .—U. VemetN C 




BB&DBHAW ! 

^eldt, Liind9ca}i«s ; Rajs- 



AYonnB Lsfly; Van Delft. DuWh Family; Hod 
dckoeUr, Panltry i WonTermau, Csvalien B^litlng 
Weenfit, Poultry »nd « Besport, PTUncfcer, Mouti 
UlD Sofine : D« H^em. Fmli. 

i-femli* acAopI.— Roben., Tliree Gracei, Enp 
M OrythI*. Tlgrfit and Cnbi, M.ry Magdale 



Fyl, Cals 



of Ruben I.. 



ol-.—Mor 



s pUyJPS 



Veluqnei. The CouMrt ol Philip 
Ecce Homo, by an nninowd M asMr. 

clallODi Titian, Copld ilttlng on a Wall; Clma 
da Conesllano, SS. Mart, Andrew, and Bernard ; 
Uaziollno. Virgin and Child; Bonifacio, A KnsUc 
U«sl; 1 






.1 piece 



•ui»; L. C- MUller, Matif 


In Egypt; Keller, 








engravlnm. ilran- 


liiga. Tracer coloars, noodcuts 


and photographs. 


At the Aoslrian KonatyBrel 


.inlheCily.Tach- 




ancnt Eillbitionof 


Modem Pietnres, open dally. 


to «, winter, 10 to 


i; tee. lOkr. There l> aleo a 


Exhibition »t the 


KUnstlarhani, Lothringer-St 


>e>e. No. B. Open 



ThD Jfranmi o/ the /asrphtiam, toundtd i; 
geaat. at 2S, WHhrlngergaiie, isabnildlnEin 



prepantloni, oil kinda of surgical Jnatnuoen 
and eapeclally the nameroui and bMntlfnl w 

boily, cimcalnta In nine roomi. 



fion.. Open or 



g«8-71. Sundays 9 I 



id IVodei (lUiserl. K 



Joi^^aullThierannellDBtltnt 
e, near >be SlsdCpark. la I 
Itlve Anatomy. Tba JHItfoTj 
H, marked by a globe on tb, 



D-BOOK TO CEBHAKT. — TjEKHA. 



E ilHlInled lo <h Ud 




r The Impfnal Bm ff rdw S K 


e flag of Count nerbenleln, Grand Prior 


; ft codiplcM Auslrlsn flore of all tht LndiggnoB! 
plciiits. AdmlHion trrc, In SDmmec, 


taken hy the Archduke Charles himself at C»WIi!to, 


The library and anlecliotii of AnbdnkeChirleii-s 
PalnM, now Iho Mat of Archduke Albert, on the 
Bsttot, were commenced by bl> («lher-in-l.w. 


IHOS. Open Sunday and Thursday, 9 (o I. F«e 
10 kr. on Sunday. SO ti. on Thursitay. 
^•npllali.—Tbi Imperial Otmitii Bapilal (All- 


the Duke of Soxe TeKhen. who erected the Palace, 
lSM-4. Ili.opon Mondayund Thn™ia)',» toJ, 
nnd contains the Albortina Ubrarjr of M.OW vole,, 
nf which B,«H) relate to military aclencci alio 


rounded. 1784. by Joseph II., and 1< an Im- 
mense pile, with nine Urge conrts. 181 warda and 



engmilnga In 230 porUoIloa. one being Raphael's 

nnn SttUli of Ike Trati^fig''raUia>. This coUccl Ion 

U one of the fineit And most complete In the world. 

The ImptHal Printing Qfitt (Staaladrnckerel) In 

view over the clly. Open on Toesday and Friday, 

91o1!. Application to be madcon the premise!. 

The Snr JnWBS/ (Kaiaer 1. and KBnisl. Arsenal) 

the old one ath Oclolwr, IMS) on a apace about 
2,000 feet by OSO Icet. It contains a Mvimm of 
ir«poi»and SutoKiAaf'e (or Room for portralta of 

alio the enormous thain which Ibe Turks threw 
aiTosa the Danube, 1E29, at Oten. to Inlerrupt the 
nnvignilon of the river ; 11 consists of 8.000 Iink^ 
welghal,BOOcH..cveryrIiiebeinga*lbs.ln weight. 
One eun taken at Belgrade Is 24 feet long, and 
carried a 1S4 jM.und ahnl. Open Tneaday, Thnrs- 
day, and Saturday, 9 to Z, May to end of October. 
In winter, Thursday only. Apply on (he prcmisea. 
To ace tbe workahopa an order from Ihe Director 
Is rpqulrod, which Is not ea-Hy obtainable. 






The Foixraaina HoipUal (Wats 
H84, by Joseph Il„ Is in the Alsi 
The Dear and Dumb Instltnl 



.—At tbe Wshrlngen, Deethori 
il the at. Uarx CimeUni Moiart 



e Heldcnbu 


heN 


Wetadorf 
ew General 


The only Cemetery 


TbMtrei 

ogln abonl s 


— Tb 

city 


o'clock. 


:■:. 


eatreiluVleniM, 


The ffo/SMni(Imperlal) ■DL/alrt 
be " Burgtbeator," In Franaen 
nHrelytotheaermsnaUge, Th 
nd la 11.; .Ingle places cannot 


generally called 
Ing, Is dcToted 
whole boiMfl. 
H3 bad. Btalla 



n Opemring, a handaoi 



252 



BRAD8HAW*8 ILLUStRAtBt) 



[Sec I 



Ring ThecUre^ in the Scliottenring, was burnt 
1881, with the loss of many lives. A handsome 
building, containing a Memorial Chapel, built by 
the Emperor, marks the site. 

De-iUsche* Volkstheater, in Bellariastrasse. Closed 
in summer. Prices lower than at the Hofburg- 
theater. 

The TJuater an der Wien, or Opera House, in the 
Wieden suburb, Magdalenenstrassc, No. 8. Closed 
in summer. The stage has room for 500 persons 
and 100 horses. 

Carl Theater in Leopoldstadt, Ko. 81, Prater- 
strasse, was built, 1888, by Kornhausel, and is the 
place for French Drama and Operetta. Closed in 
summer. 

Theatre in Josefstadt, for farces, &e. Joseph- 
stadterstrasse, 26. Closed in summer. Prices 
much lower than at the Carltheater. 

Wiener Volkstheater, in the Prater. Open only 
in summer. 

A favourite place of amusement is the Colosseum 
at Rudolf sheim, where dancing is carried on. 

The Prater, or "Hyde Parle" of Vienna, at the 
end of the Praterstrasse, was laid out in its present 
form by Joseph II., 1766. Five or six avenues of 
chestnut and other trees meet at the J*raterstern 
(or Star), one of which is three miles long. It 
contains rides and drives for horses and carriages, 
and the New Aquarium^ well worth a visit. 
There is a remnant of the Exhibition Building 
of 1873; which, as erected by Scott Bnssell, 
occupied a space of four square miles, and was 
3,000 feet long, with a central dome, 250 feet 
high. The RotuT^da (20kr.) affords a fine view. 
The opening, by the Emperor, was attended by the 
Prince of Wales, Prince Arthur, the Imperial Ger- 
man Prince, and many other great personages. 
A new Channel of the Danube, opened 1875, comes 
this way, past the Donaustadt quarter. One 
avenue leads to the Wurstel Prater, where the jug- 
glers and buffoons (Wurstel), swings, booths, beer- 
houses, Ac, are found. On Easter Monday, on the 
1st May, and 18th August, the customary Prater- 
fahrt takes place here, in which most of the 
nobility, and usually the Emperor, take part. In 
the Fourth Avenue are several caf^s, and the 
Lastbaug, M pavHion on the south bank of the 
naanbe, with a Sne view. Swimming Baths 



iBadeanstaIt),ltirge and handsomely fitted up,! 
both ladles and gentlemen, near the Steambo 
Quay, on the Danube. 

The Augarten Grounds, united to the Prater i 
Kaiser Joscphsstrasse and regularly laid out, wf 
planted by Joseph II., and opened to the pub 
in 1775. Over the middle walk is the dedicati<Hi: 
''Allen Menscfien gewidmeterBelustignngsortr 
ihrem Schatzer." May Dayis kept here. Asm 
Summer House which Joseph II. occupied is ti 
shown. 

EnvlronB of Vienna. E^^cursionsmay bemi 
by tramway to Dombach and Neu 'Waldegg, ii 
large Park, containing the tomb of the found) 
Count Lascy, close to that of Count Browne, ii 
small covered chapel. Not far from Domback 
the Galizinberg, the seat of the late Prince Mm 
leart, with a fine view of Vienna. This is b< 
reached by rail from the Westbahnhof to HtitU 
dorf-Hacklng (see next page). WlUirlxig; o 
of the new Bezirke, is remarkable for the hoai 
standing in their own grounds, as in England, h 
a fine view from the Tiirkenschanze Hills, 150 toS 
feet above the city, and the grraves of Heeihooem k 
Schubert in its cemetery. At the Tiirkenschan 
(or Turk's Bcdoubt) stands the new ObterwUv 
330 feet by 240 feet, built hi 1877. It has a fii 
27-inch retractor, 33 feet long, by Grubb, of Dubli 
By tramway trom the Kingstrasso in about i 
hour to 

Schdnhrunn (Stat.), a country seat of tfa 
Emperor's, about 2 miles west of the city nei 
the Southern rail, on the Wien. It is a larf 
pile, begun by V. von Erlach, for MaximiUan I 
1696, and finished by Maria Theresa, 1776. 
contains the Empress's Cabinet; some heautif 
paintings, and the room which Kapoleou occafdt 
in 1809 as his head-quarters, and in which his so 
the Duke of Reichstadt, died 22nd July, 1832 (s 
p. 244). It was occupied by the Prince of Wall 
on his last visit. The Hof Kapelle has an altar-pie 
by Paul Troger, and statues by Raphael Donw 
The fine park, the style of the last century, contaii 
thirty-two statues by Beyer, and his statue 
Egeria, at the SchSnen Brunnen, orSchcinbrunn, i. 
"■ beautiful fotmtain," from which the place deriv 
its name ; also the Glorlette., and an Obelisk 66 fe 



£oute 64.] 



HXKD-BOOK TO GERMANY. — ENVIRONS OF VIENNA. 



253 



collection of palms and Oriental plants; and a 

rge Menagerie^ open daily to strangers, and to 
tlie inhabitants on Sunday. 

H6tS62ldOrf is close to another IVnperial country 
wmtkt, with a ceiling by Daniel Grahn, and a 
CShinese Cabinet. Rail from the Stidhhanhof in 14 
Dninutcs. 

Hletzillg, a beautiful spot, surrounded by villas, 
wwtmx Schbnbrunn Garden, with Dommayer's (now 
BEIopfner's) prettily situated Casino, and Canova's 
■nonument to Baroness Pillensdorf in the Cemetery, 
tramway from the Ringstrasse to Schonbruim, 
^hen through the west gate of the park (Hietzinger 

TThor). 

Penzlng (Stat.), another beautiful spot, with 
Marge silk factory, and the very old Church of St. 
^amcs, with the tomb of President Von Rottman, 
^7 Finelli. Reached by rail in 6 minutes from the 
''Westbahnhof. 

Htitteldorf-Hacking (StatX By rail from 

^he Westbahnhof. Here are the seats of the 
3»iinces8e8 Von Liechtcnstehi and Paar. Through 
the Halterthal to the cable rail up ih^ Sophien-Alpe. 
This has the steepest gradient in Europe, except 
the Vesuvius Rail. A little further is Mariabrunn, 
with the Royal Forest Academy, in a large botanical 
garden and nursery. At Hadondorf (Stat.) is a 
monument of Marshal Landon, with a Pilgrimage 
Church, where a grand festival is held on the feast 
of the Conception. ifaim&acA is another beautiful 
resort, 4 miles from Hadersdorf . 

The Kalllen1)6rg (Stat.), to the north of the 
city, rises about 1,100 feet above the Danube, 
and is a fine point of view, overlooking Vienna, and 
the Marchf eld, or great plain, on the north side of the 
river. Here the Prince de Ligne is buried. At the 
Hotel is the room in which Mozart composed his 
" Zauberflote." The new St^anii- Warte stands on 
the hill. At the foot of it is the small village of 
NUBSdorf (Stat.), on the Danube, from which a 
cog-wheel rail up to the Kahlenberg, was opened 
1874. Rail (Franz-Josephs BahnX or Steamboat 
in 40 min. from the Karls-steg. 

Another peak close at hand is the Leopoidsberg^ 
1,450 feet high, with a church and the old Castle of 
the Babenbergs, enjoying a view exceeding even 
that from the Kahlenberg, from which it is 2 miles 
walk. 



Lazenburg (Stat), united by a branch rail with 
the Wien-Gloggiiitzer rail, is a sniiill market town on 
the Schwechat, near another Imperial country seat. 
The old Schloss dates from 1377. The new one, or 
Blaue Ilaus, which the Emperor occupies, was 
built in 1600, and was a favourite resort of Maria 
Theresa, Joseph II., and Franz I. Here the Shah 
was lodged at his visit 1873. It has a riding 
school, a theatre, and a Tournament ground. The 
splendid park contains the Temple of Diana, at a 
point where eight avenues meet; the Little Prater ; 
the FischerdSrf chen ; Lusthaus, in a wood of oaks ; 
and a Lake, in which stands the Franzensburg, a 
complete imitation of a medinval Ritterschloss, full 
ctf paintings, portraits, statues, furniture, arms, &c., 
and even a dungeon, with suitable instruments of 
torture. Open to the public in summer. The 
branch line to Laxenburg runs from 

M6dllllg (Stat.), and the Briihl, pleasant 
Swiss-like spots, on the Wien-Gloggnitzer rail. 

From MSdling to Vorderbrtlhl and Hinterbrtihl 
there is an electric railway. 

Brillll is a romantic valley, near the remains 
of the old fortress of MSdIing, and the beautiful 
country-seat of the Prince of Liechtenstein. On 
the Siegenstein^ the highest of the surrounding 
spots, is a Doric building, the Husaren Tempel, to 
the memory of the men who saved Prince John's 
life at Aspem. It has a most extensive view round 
Vienna, ffeiligenkreuz, beyond this, through Hin- 
terbrlihl, is the oldest Cistercian abbey in Austria, 
founded 1136, by Leopold the Holy. It contains 
the grave and the statue of Friedrich the Valiant, 
the last of the Babenberg line. The beautiful 
Helenenthal,traversed by the Sattelbach,leads on to 

Baden (Stat.) Accessible by rail from the 
Sudbahnhof. 

Population, 7,000. 

Inns. — Schwarzer Adier; Stadt Wien; Grifner 
Baum ; Lowe. Several Cafe's and Restaurants. 

A station on the Wien-Gloggnitzer rail, 16| miles 
from Vienna, and a watering-place on the Schwa- 
chat, in the Wien Walde, at the foot of the Styrian 
Alps, which surround it on three sides. The 
warm springs, knowu t^ ^Ja*. ^jaKawssa* *». ^5«a». 



254 



BSIDSUAW'h 1LLU8TBATED IIAMD-BOOK TO GERMANY. 



Ing, at a temperature of 93* to 99*. The Josephs- 
bad is the warmest ; the Frauenhad, Carolbienbad, 
and the sprfaigs of Mariazeller and Peregrincnbad 
are the coolest. They are very efficacious for 
diseases of the skin and kidneys, rheumatism, gout, 
mineral poisons, general debility, &c. At the 
Herzogsbad, as many as 150 gentlemen and ladies 
can bathe together, clothed in white bathing dresses 
and talking with their friends in the galleries. 

ExcuBSioNS.— To the Calrarienberg, 1,070 feet; 
theGutenbrimneu Schlossgarten; to ALexandrowit's 
Aulagen; to the Heleneuthal, under the tVeiUmrg^ a 
summer palace of the Archduke Carl Ludwig, built 
by Koiiihausel, 1828, with a front 660 feet long; 
to the Abbey of Ileiligenkreuz, and the picturesque 
ruins of Rauhenstein. Carriages for the day, 5 fl. ; 
half day, 8 fl. 12 kr. : to Weilburg, 1 fl. The Hohcr 
Lindkogel, or Eiteme Thor, 2,825 feet, not far from 
Baden, is the highest elevation near Vienna; 
ascent 8 hours. Restaurant at the top. 

F)H>llBdorf, or Froachdorf, lately a residence 
of the Count de GluuBboffd,is near Wiener Neu- 
Btadt (Stat.), on the line from Vienna to Gratz. 



Population, 26,324. At Wiener Ne 
alternative line from Vienna falls In, 
way of Mbdlingand Miinchendorf. T 
line from Vienna, 68 miles long, pasw 

mannsdorf, Tattendorf, Wiener ] 
Pltten, Ac, to Aspang. 
AtLeo1>erBdorf(8tat.)» next to W: 

stadt, the Lower Austria Sotith-west 
in from St. PSlten; and a branch of 23 
off to Pfesting, Waldegg, and Qutenf 
fine valley under the Schneeberg, Tvith t 
ruins. 
Distances by rail from Vienna ; — 
On the north-west side of Vienna— 
either by carriage, &c., vid the Kahl 
Leopoldsberg (see preceding page) and 
rail, or by rail (Franz- Joseph sbahn) dir 
steamboat in one hour — is KlOSten 
with a large and stately Augustinian A 
well worthy of a visit. Fee to attendan 
At the Stiftskeller are excellent wix 
monster cask. Much resorted to on Sui 
holidays. 




o 






131^1 gtfifllilliiJiiijiMltja 










oamtistaiTA.h hotels, Sie. 



AIX-I^-CHAPELLE. 



THISlBrgandtnU-ICinirnEitiAII*a«Bt,olOMtatkaKDriul,iBdeppBsIlenietiAieIpi]l£ 
Haiu«t,hBiiniaKDallwlTepiit*tk>Bl»rlM ff—"'-*^'"',''''"''"-—, "TpirliTr uunoi* 
ry modtrM* cluBgH. Tbe PniiiiMarlilM •■iijuIjmh tn Bagluid. IWila i 



A1X-L1S-BAIS8. 



ORANI> ZXOT&I. I>'A.XX. 

FIRST CLASS MOTEL. 

Ailmirably titvated near the Batiis, Public 6ard». mid Castm. 

■M fcaan •■« m««*a AyW e — 

B. MriBuer, 



AMSTSRBAM. 




Every Hadwn Comfort ' 

Kith KodeFKte PiloMi 



MITWBKf. 



A 



OX«-^D>TX> XXOO^ESXi.! 



aitmr. BmtUMe, and buuim «MWk nn>&D 

BATHB OH STKKE BLOOB.. 
' — ol tlM HtArt tww* '--- 



GRAND HOTEL ALASSIO. 



finf-cHns ff»M, pat rm ia ti by €nglisk €ml ttmtriean flsiten. 



Awiam- 



GUANXt aOTEJ, de I'CtASIS. 

m of th* Bar ULd 



BABSN-BASEH. 



FIRST-CUSS JSTABLISttMENlV^ 

CONYERSATION "house J,^^^^^ 



NEW VAPOUR BATHS 



{FC EDEBIUSBATUSI. 












Open all 
the year. 

CHARGES STRICTLY 
MODERATE. 

Special arrasgemenls for a proloDged staj. 

TABLE D'HOTE AT 1 AND 6 O'CLOCK. 

MYJlfiAUUC LIFT Ul e&\'KNlSS^^&> 

A. ROSSLtft. ?Yo^f}a\«-'- 



Jrmh BoM: ffom edB, mxxyiv ^^SS^ 



ADTSBnSBIIBalS. 



badehweh 



BADENWEILER IN BADEN. 

HOTEL SOMM£ 

(AND HOTEL KARLSRUHEX 

Fint-dass Honse. BeantiMly Bitnated, with Mineral Water 

Springs (Einzelbsder). 

LAWN TENNIS. LARGE PARK. 

Omnibus meets princiital Trains at the Hnlheim Station. 

FREIBURG IN BREISGAU, BADEN. 

riOTEL SOIER ZUM ZEHRINGER HO 

First-class Hotel, near the Bailway Station, situated in 
the centre of a beautiful garden, commanding magnificent view. 

Both establishments have large Dining, Reading, & Billiard Rooi 
Excellent Cooking. Fine "SVines. Moderate Prices. 

80MMEB BB0THEB8; Proprletan* 



BARCELONA. 



GRAND HOTEL 

BAMBLA. Formerly "Des Quatre Nations." RAHBLA. 

THE LARGEST AND MOST COMFORTABLE. 

The Hotel is the Sleeping Car Agencye 



BASLE. 



HOTEL DES TROIS ROIS, OR THREE KINGS, 

ProprletoT, C TUicnL 

TARQE8T Fir$t ClaBB Family Hotel at Batle, in the tLnwt AVu«xv«ii<>u^^^wwY*jA\>Mi^xiM 
■^ between the SwitB and German Railway Btatlow. Coo\ \io\»fe \XM»xk%\tfwX %:&» ^^fflwa^,-* 
'•rr d$§Jrmbh wa^grt. OoLOibusea at the Station, lAYT, 



A DTEKTISEMEMTS. 



ST. BE^TENBESO (Canton de Berne), SUISSE. 



aiU.ND SOTEL TZCTOBZA, 

IS the Largest, Newest, only first class Hotel. Rebuilt in 1894 in stone, 
with eyery comfort and convenience. Latest Sanitary and Heating Arrangements. Baths, 
Douches, Shady terraces, Tennis, Pine-woods, ate., in the best part of St. Beatenberg, 

RESIDENT PHT8I0IAK. OATHOUO AND PROTESTANT OHVRCHES. 

TERMS MODl^ATE. 

THS. UNGEB DONALDSON, 

T«i««raphie Address- Proprietor Of the Hotel Belmont, Montrenx. 

VIOTOBIA, BBATBHBKBO. 

BELLAGIO, ON THE LAKE OF COMO qTALY). 

HOTEL GRANDE BRETAGNE. 

HVDRAVKIC lAWT and KKKCTRIC UGHT. 

ONE OF THE LARGEST AND BEST MANAGED HOTELS to be foand on the Italian 
Lakes. The Proprietor spares no effort to give satisfaction to his Tisltors. It is 
magnificently situated ou the heights in the midst of extensive gardens overlooldng the two 
Lakes. English Divine Service is held in a Chapel belonging to the Hotel Grande Bretagne. 

A. HBTBB, Proprietor. 

BERLIN. 



'9 

Vnter den Undeii, 39, opposite the Royal Pmlsee* 

THIS old. reputed, first-class Hotel, haa the best situation in the Town, close to all the principal 
sights and Royal Theatres. Lately re-furnished throughout. Splendid Restaurant, looking out 
over the "Linden." " Cafe.'* Drawing Room for Ladies. Baths. Lift. Table d'Hotc. Electric 
Light. Newspapers in all Languages. Omnibus at Stations. Moderate Chargts. 

Proprietor : ADOLPH MUHUNG, Purveyor to the Imperial Court. 

BERNE. 



rvNLT five minutes* walk from the Station, quiet, and admirably situated between the New 
^ Honse of Farllainent and the splendid Kirchenfeld Bridge. Standing in its OWB 
beautiful garden with terrace; best view over the Alps and the river Aare. Old reputed 
First-rate Honse, combining every comfort with moderate charges ; Pension for protracted 
stay all the year round. 

HYDRAUUC LIFT. ELECTIIIC LIGHT. 

BIARRITZ. 

BIARRITZ, WINTER SEASON. 

HOTEL D'ANGLETERRE, Mr. Campagne, Proprietor. 

THE BEST SITUATED, FACING THE SEA. ISO ROOUUU l^«cc^« Q«K««tMiC«s^ ^iifi^xc 
Smoking Room. Billiard Room and Bath Hooova. \AIV, YX^cX-e^a \A*vN.. t'^ss'$^sss«». 
80 Sunny A/MurtmeatA *?"gi<ffh NefWa^SpMni. SYiftTvy «,xi^ Voxx\9VQAlA«tOKvcX. 



& 

BLQI8 CEtLAJBKSBL 

* 

aBASD MOTEL SB BLOIS. 



APARTMENTS for Famffl^. Ckm to tbe Castle of Blois. Comfortable 
OlmHiii ftir tfMttBf Cl—ttwifl oad ttot ntfrons. Omnibiu at the SUtion. Engliih spoken. 



mam 



BOBDEATIX. 



GRAND HOTEL 

(HOTEL de FBARGE et de ITAIITES, r^tmis). 

Only first Class Kotel» flnH soiifh» patronised 1^ 1I.1L1E* flie Plrliiee of WUes* 

LIFT. ELrECTRIG LIGHT. 
TSLBPHOKX, latest system. eosBauEfttoatiiiitf wiUt IMbBI& 

CALOBJLF£S£ HEATIKG JXAY AND NIOEX. 

TABLE D'HOTE. RESTAURAMT. 

LADIES' BOOM. BXADIRa and 8M0KI»<» BAOMft 

BATH ROOMr OH EACH FLOOR. 

Situated opposite the Grand Theatre, the Prefecture, the Exchange, the Bank of 
France, and the Port. Saloons and 90 Booauifrom 8 francs upwards; in Pennon 
£8 9s. a week. 

Mr. FETEHriS nagixMcnt Cellar* UKler the Hotel, oimlalfilig SC^CMI tettlei , 
emk ke yisitad a* aagr time in tha da^r ; he is also Pioprieter of tlM SanHilBS-Al 
nealZ, aaul Pvrreycnr of Wine an4 Liqneon to HJi. tlMQneen of BHthmL 
H« sells this terciGl^ in smalt aatf kirge ^santitieffj in bottles tft in wooi^mMi 
coAfld'ence. 

Yts. LOXns fETBE. 



HOTEL » PmNCES nfLt PAIX. 
IggJjW JHjOTEt^ WCHELjE U, 



■•■■iaaBViVX- 



•R nufcywriwywit ^ 





TJ^ffiST-CLABft SLQTSIi, with vwmf motel. mmIqk^ «l«aUd ^ Hm, VttWa 
f of a ]«rp« ktmtifvl gwden, on tiie Stmdft. Bimmuml BhaHwti ilQ»tia». 
Magnificent TifiVa GtatfmfeedL Dy the PK op r tol or^A. AHCMT Iftnlsi^ 

BOTZES^ (South Xyrollu 



ImxiMdiataly VaeAag th» aaUwaj Stattoa (bo osnUbua n^idAd). 
'pais ezoeUeat Hotel. Umg, and faTOorably known to EnslSA and ^QiriesQ 9kfMr«il«^i« iinrf i iH y 
•*' Moonuaended for its open and aUT>itnadom Splendia view of taa r 
Mo>t eonrenient point ftor neaitfaig jonnay Uu lfwes n QanaMnyaad Iftav* 
for ensuring the c mf ort of VieitorB. 

WAtVBBB ft OBRIKU^ Bnpvietozil. 

BOULOftME^iTTIlrlCEE. 

HOTEIi FQLiKESTONlS. 



A DHISABLT situated, cloee to the Casino and Sands;, Lar^e and. sm^ ApailBMBlBi flpeelal 
-t^ terms for Families and Parties. Tabls d*Hdta and Restaurant (open to non-residents). 
Excellent Cuisine. First Glass Wines. Perfcet Sanitatien. Higbly recommended . Co o k's co upons 
accepted. English spoken — On parle Frangals— Man spricht Deutsoh, W. PBFPBftDOfB, rtO. 



BKITQE& 



HOTEL DE FLANDRE, BRUGES. 

I^HIS unriyaUed old First-class Establishment, the largest of Brures, has 
been recently considerably enlarged and embelllsbed by the p rese nt Proprmor, 



Mr. B. ■• BBliaEL. 

EUL _ 

•ppMlte the StattoM. 



Beautiful Garden. Reading and Bmolrtiir Booms. Ctold and Warm Bathi in tbe Hotel. 
Hot to be eoBftNUided wiili Comte de ■'laadre« •] 






HOTEL KURHAUS BRUlitG 

Situated on the Briinig Pass, t4fiO Ut^ witoam the Sea, <d0Be to the Briinig 
Bailway aiMtoa, mMkf i mt h B d tteei^ Lm ee ra e or latMflalMa. 



rpHE HOTKL to eamfiMrftaUa awl mU f uratoted-Mtf a a w tifcie «d fttem aWiii,7»B«is «mp Visitors. 
J^ with Pgblio Boo— to aomnnMd ChanniBf poalttoa, omi aoA qutat.' Wbrnyhm^, fiMlngAir. 
ExceUanfc WaAar. Goad O^tSmZi WineTga^yilqg STAttoai I|naflSiTS^«»^, 
Park, well supplied wtlhaa^j, Bimi>tfBlWQQda>Wfc».moii llaBgwrtki<MirSiJ»«**a8Mi>. ^^»»^-«>g 
Telegraoh OflSoe at SeattaoOmfaL) 

Th£ Hotel /s Openfroi* Mm \Mv\. -t^ ^^v^^;^^^^ ' ^fi^^ wa 



BRUSSELS. 



HOTEL DE BELLE VUE. 

PLACE KOVALE. 

^PHIS unrivalled EstabliBhrnent, overlooking the Park, the Place Royale, and 

X. the Rae Royale, has been coniiderably enlarf^ed and embellished by the present Proprietor, 
Mr. E. DREMEL. Public Balooni, Reading, Smoking, and Bath Rooms. Spacious Terrace Gardtn 
orerlooking the whole park. Electric Light in all the Rooms. Ticket and Booking Office for Lng- 

§age in the Hotel. Rooms from 4 frs. 50 c, including Electric Light. Hydraulic Lift (Heurtebise 
ystem) . 

HOTEL DE FLANDRE. 

PLACE ROYALE. 

LODGING, inclusive of attendance and electric liffht, from 4 frs. per day. First 
Breakfast, 1 fr. 50 c; Luncheon, 4 frs. ; Table d'Hote, 5 frs.; Pension: Bedroom, attendance, 
light, and three meals daily, from 18 frs. 50 c. per day. Public Saloons, Billiards, and Bath Room. 
Electric Light. Lift. Ticket and Booking OflSce for Luggage. 

aBANS SOTEL 0SBNA7. 

BOULEVARD BOTANIQUE. Close to the Station for Germany, Holland, 
France, Spa, Ostend. Antwerp, Ghent, and Bruges. The Waterloo Conch passes before the 
Hotel every morning. Charges moderate. BathB In tJbe Hotel. Telephone. 

Dark Rooat for PhotovraphH* 



BUDAPEST. 



T 



THE ROYAL GRAND HOTEL. 



HE finest and most fashionable First-class Hotel in town. A modem 

1 perfection. Electric Light a 
oderate. 



monumental building ivith all the latest improvements in perfection. Electric Light and 
Telephone in each room. Lifts. Excellent Cuisine. Ciiarges Moderate. 



CALAIS. 



TERMINUS HOTEI. (Gare Maritime) 

Facing Landing Stage, Calais and Dover Boats. Batlis. Post and 

Telegraph Offices. Electric Light 

CENTRAI. HOTEI. (Gare VUle). 

Situated in the centre of the Town. Post and Trtegraph Offices. Electric Ligh t 

CARLSBAD. 



ROSCHER'S HOTEL. 



rpiXST CLASS HOTEL, Gneat position in Town. 200 B-ooxna «ctt^ ^«\wm^. ^wvt«ev, c^^t^^o.. 
-< Lsjgv rromenade Garden. SpJeodid Dining Room vrlih «x\«nAv« %\M»Xctwv<itC^. v:.»\^ n«\xv 
^^'P»P^r' 'amry l&nguAge. Weekly, two concert* by the Coocetl Otc\i«%\.T^^*^^'^vJ^^«.^v 
*=*/. Lift, Ttlepbone. Carrfnges. Omnibus. If. lM»a«ilMK»..^^w*v**Xf«' 



ADVEBTISEMENTS. 



1 



CASSEL. 



HOTEL KING OF PRUSSIA 

(KONIQ VON PREU88EN). 

r)LD and well renowned Historical Hotue, FirstHilass. Situated on the Kdnigsplatz, close to Post 
^^ Office, near the Theatre and the Picture Gallery. Recently enlarged. Modem comfort. Beautiful 
Garden. Klectric Light. Caloriferes in Winter. Ladies' Drawing-room, Beading-room. Omnibus at 
the Station. Fr. OPlOL^ Proprietor, Purreyor to the lloyal Court. 

CHAMOUNIX. 

HOTEL ROYAL Si SAUSSURE 

PENSION PALAIS et CRISTAL (Annexe). 

Tj^IRST-CLASS Family Hotel, splendid free situation, with a large Park and Garden in full view 
■^ of Mont Blanc. Excellent Telescope for free use of visitors. Electlio Lighti BathB. 

Booms firom 3 francs. Pension from 9 fjnmcs. Special Arrangements. 
B» lexWER* Proprietor and Manager. Mrs. EXBTlMt U Engllgh. 

GOBLENCE. 



Messrs. EISENMABTlf, Proprietors. 

rpHIS well known and favourite first-class hotel is deligbttullj situated opposite the castle of 
-*■ Ehrenbreitstein ; it it the nearest to tlio landing-place of tlio Steamers, and commands a most 
beautiful view of the Rhine and surrounding country. This highly recommended establishment 
combines superior accommodation with moderate prices. Cold and Warm Baths. Purveyor of 
Wine to His Majesty the Emperor of Germany. 



COLOGNE. 



HOTEL DU NORD. 

FIRST CLASS HOTEL, near the Cathedral, on the Rhine, 300 Rooms. Table 
d'hote at 1 and 6 o'clock. Telegraph and Post Offices. Railway Ticket and 
Booking Office for Luggage in the Hotel. English Charch from Jane 15th, 1879. 



THE GENUINE 



I 



S the No. 4, distilled strictly according to the original prescription of the inventor, 
my ancestor, by the most ancient distiller 

JOHANN MAMA rAMNA, JplichsPlatz, No. 4. 

GOMO. 



(coio) HOTEL D'lTALlE cn«.to«\ 



KBST-CLASa HOTEL, best situated on tbftbotAw ol V.\v^^«Xfc,«^\«^'«^^^^i^SS^^^S*« 
Steamers, commukdlng a splendid view. "W e\\ te<ioxiixtiwi^^ tot ^ti^»J«xN. *=^^^^sr^nsd.^»s««« 
fJiah, French, and German spoken. OmuVbxia «A, Wift ft\«A\ow. Ot^i ^i2S«^*'^^!««*'*^ 



Engltth, French, ana German spoken. OmnVbxiB at Vtift ft\«A\oW- 
deace and authorlaed to accept Cook*s CoupouB. 1^ 



10 Aim 






i;:4 



GRAND HOTEL ST. eEORQEa 

iMi at TMT BMtf ermto 



rpHIS Fint-elMi Hot«tnliiat6don thft best sidt of the EimtuiadbB^^Miift « 

anee, !• nnckr the penoaia MaaMgWMnt «! tb« MlePrapcietmr, JUtrander B. llaillUdVW 



DASMSZAST. 



HOTEL DARMSTAEDTER HOF. 

AFIEST-JS&AT8 HOTEL of old atandhis^ soperior aecoamodistmi for 
Q«nl«nftn of Familiea. Two Coflte Rooms. Excelteol TaUto d^SOte. Sniftev of Aput- 
DMuU, with eT«ry oomlort in the EngU«h atylc, at moderate charses. 

N.B.— This Hotel was established moBfr than half a qentury ago by the father of thepreaeot 
proprietor. A lengthaned leaidence In England enables Mr. Wibksb to gire especial satisfactiea 
to English trareUMS. 



Canton des Gidsons.] DAVOZ PTiATB [SwitsnUnd 



■ I wm9 !■■ mm p" 



HOTEL AND PENSION BUOL. 

FIRST-CLASS HOTEL; on its own meadows near a fine wood, close to the 
English Church with South Aspect. Dndnagra on the best method. Extra Private Ro<Mn^ 
and splendid suite of Public Rooms, with a library of English, French, and German Baoka^ 

COMPLETE FARM AND STABLE E8TABUSHMENT. NEW MILK FOR INVALUK. 
ELECTRIC LIGHT. C BUOL, Propi-letor. 

DUON. 



GRAND HOTEL DE LA OLOOHE. 

KOHOND CiOIWET, Provrtetor. 

THIS Magnificent Hotel, constructed with eyery modem improrement, in the best part of the 
town^ and near to the Railway Station, oifen to JBoglkrii YiaiteiBr Faniliea, ana Tinuteto, 
every desirable comfort. Exquisite Table d'Hdte. *' BwtaanMtt^'* Sflj^oUnVHrooia. GAtiteg9. 
Foreign Papers, etc. Modeiate charges*. 

INTBBPBSTBB. Boivsitdy Wine Rcpavtcfli. lavBRraETSB. 

DINABD (near St. Malo). 

DINARD-NEAR ST. MIALO. 

14 houwB fipom I4>m4«ii« 'vta «Qi«CbiMwvtia^% 

mas^moat fmhimu^bH fiia-b«lbiBg' plaM in tha^a^ at Vwaaa. Y9»i£W^C;ta»iD^c:Ma.,*S^i^ 
■fOaK Ewmfy imsUUsr far advoUloii, ate., ata. ¥«t ttB«Mir ipH««pia«i», «t«^«kMMa.^&»aa^ 

•^WJLE (Mm. BMker and fecgja^Uj^ »«^^ 



u 



Hotel Bristol. 

FIRST CLASS* 

Opposite iU Central Railway StfttioB, WIMSMll, 7. 



.Ki 



Situated in the Englxdi-Amivieui Squsre^ the fimost pavfe €f 

VERT FAVOUBABLB TBBMS EMT PENI 

ROOMS PROM 2 MARKS. 



EMS. 



FOUR SEASONS HOTEL and BATH HOUSE. 

<IHmL KT BAIMS %VA1SB AAI809t») 

THIS WELL KNOWN FIRST-CLASS HOTEL is in the bwt ancTmost <!aatm posftton Of Ems* 
opposite the Cniwutl aad CuigMrden. Minenl Springs, Battis, aod Intalatioo R«qim la the 
Hotel. SxMnent Cooking anA Choice Wines. Arraageneiit» en very rea«eiiable>timrat 1 ht t u fy 
and U^ part of the Season. OnmUma at the Station. New Santtecy AjriaiiBsiaiaii 

HYDRAULIC UFT. MODERATE CHARCMR. PERSOM. 



ENGELBESG. 



KURHAUS HOTEL Su PENSION TnUa. 

FIRST-CLASS HOTELt best situated In the Valley, in the middle of an. eiitonsim garden. 
300 Bed*. Lofty Dining Room. Lav^ Conrersatlon SatooB irit1> TvraiNla. Reading, 
Billiard, and Smoking Rooms. Mnsie Saloon. Lift. Electrfie Light in all the rooms. Warm 
and Cold Bhoww BatbiL English Chapel in the garden. Good attendaace. Madanrte «tevgei. 

ED. CATTANI, Proprietor. 



FIsOEENOE. 



HOTEL D'lTA^U^C 



-1 






dr^SSiTigS^^^^ , ^^^-v.^ 



12 ADVERTISEMENTS • 






7SANEF0RT-0N-THE-MAIN. 



Opposite the Central Railway Station. 

FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. ISO Apartments and Saloons. Excellent Position. Splendid vievi 
of ttie ^'Tattnus/' All modern comfort. Lift, Caloriferes, Electric Light. Moderate Charges, 
Service, Ligkt, and Heating included. Telephone 2394. CHARLES FRANK, R roprie tO T. 

Fonnerly for many yean Proprietor of the Restaurant Palmen^rardtan. 

CONTINENTAL HOTEL, first class 

ECh9p08ite the Central Railway Station. 
LECTEIC LIGHT and Central Steam Heating in every room. Beading 
and Smoking Rooms. Splendid position. Lift. Baths. Moderate charj^es; Service, Lij^t, 
and Heating included. Telephone 1260. First-class favoarite House for English nnd American 
Families. The only Hotel -with ground-floor Rooms and Apartments Pension during Winter 
from 7 Markit upward. New Proprietor : R. OERSTENB&Ain). 



7BEUDENSTABT (Germany). 



FREVDEHrSTAiyr <S,eoe reet above Sea>, 



Railway Ume-Stnttirart, Offenbnnr« Btraetonnr. 

FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, surrounded by a very beautiful Park. Comfortable 
Bedrooms and Saloons. Water and Milk cures. Pine-needle and Sole Bnths. Sanitary 
arrangements perfect. Centoal Residence for Bzcursions. Carriages at the Hotel. Moderate 
charges. Pension. Electric Light. Lawn Tennis. ERNEST LTJZ, Junior, Proprietor. 

taSSSS^BSSSS^SSi f r " ' .. ■■iil.b»... ■ ■ 1,1 ■Sgggggg, ,. 11,1 ,j 

GENEVA. 

1 ■ — — _^ 

HOTEL DE LA POSTE GENEVA. 

100 Well-ftimished Bedrooms with Electrie Light Only HotOl in 
Qeneva with Central Steam-heating. 

LlflU Bath-room*. TABLE D*HOTE 3 frs. and 3 in, SO e. IWlne IneludedN 

OH. SAILER, Proprietoi. 



GENOA. 



HOTEL DE8 ETRANGERS. 

r^AMILT HOTEL situated full South in the main street, close to the Art Galleries 

•*■ and Palaces, and to the Offices of Thos. Cook & Sou, iJorth German Lloyd, 

If am barg' American, Peninsular and Oriental S.S. Com^wA^a. l&nft«m <i«ai\<cstv. 

^AxifT in every Boom. Lift. Caloriiexe. 'RaxVvivj o«tfi^ \xi \\«. ^^sj^^v 



WVaAHO Vm!Q% « iwev* ^T«wrV*V««^* 



ADVBKT18EMBKTS. IS 



GENOA Continued. 



HOTEL ROYAL AQUILA. 

DELIGHTFULLY situated Hot«l, close to the Railway Station and Port, newly refurnished and 
enlarged by about 70 Rooms. Has an excellent reputation for general comfort. Dining 
Room and Reading Room on the iirst floor and Restaurant below, quite situated over the Qarden. 
Very moderate charges. This Hotel being the nearest (close by) the Landing Station, no Omnibus 
or Carriages are wanted. Englibh, French, Italian, and German spoken. 

t 

GERARDMER (Vosges), France. 

GRAND HOTEL du LAC. 

VIRST CLASS. 

The only one with a Large Park and a Splendid View on the Lake. 

Lift. Telephone. Baths at every Floor. Lawn Tennis. Interpreters. 

DUBAZZO, Manager. 

GLioy. 

HOTEL DU RICHI VAUDOIS - GLION. 

FIRST CLASS HOTEL, enlarged and entirely renewed, with the best comfort. 
150 Booms. One of the finest sitaations in Switzerland. Moderate Charges; 

F. BIECHELMANN, Proprietor. 

GOTHENBURG (Sweden). 

GRAND HOTEL AND HOTEL GOTA KALLARE. 

THE LARGEST IN THE TOWN. EVERY MODERN COMFORT. 
ELECTRIC LIQHT IN EVERY ROOM. LIFT. 



GRANADA (Spain). 



GRAND HOTEL ALAMEDA. 

SITUATED on the beautlfnl Promenade o! l\ae "CaTT«iv^\^*«^'^ ^"^ ^^^^^-"^^H^^?^^ 
Llceo, Theatre, and Post and Telegraph Offices. llft,«a\^«Ki!X^\v«% ^t^-^^ J^^;^:7 <%j«si^ 
Sierra Nevada. French Cooking. Reading Room. 'Fot%^w^^^«.^«^«.V»2I^5!vA*iJv^x*^2^^ 
ArrangemenU perfect. Interpreters and Omnlbua ot Wie B^ciXA »>^-^«^,^^lr^ vsasB^ ^«^w* 



14 ADTEBTISBIUBNTS. 

■ ■' ■ ^i^^M^^—— — ■■ ■ 1 ■ ■■ ■. Wl I II > It 



GBLAWSE (Vstur OaaneB). 



GRAND HOTEL. 

DnriTalled fn Iti mafnlfleent iNMdtioii. 

MGENTLT THE RESIDENGE OF HER UJESTT QDEEH YICTOHi 

F. BOST, Proprietor. LIFT. 



OSENOBLE. 





▼re. jr. PKOLiT, ProprletreM. 

The isrfest and best Pint Olats Family HoteL Eleotrio Llglit. Splendid GaMal 

TABIFJr IN EACH BOOM. Baths on every Floor. Latest Sanitary Arraogmiijento. 
Oanlages and Onides for all Bzcnrtions. Special Service Cor the Gruido GhaitnM 



THE HAGUE. 



HOTEL DES INDES, voobhout.« 

fTHIS magnifloent First CIosb Hotel is tho largest in the city. Cbaraiingrly altnated near tbr 
•*■ theatre, park, museum, telegraph, and the most frequented promenades. It is supplied with 
every modem aecommodation and comfort. Table d'hote at six o'clock. Restaurant h la carte at 
any hour. Excellent cuisine and choice wines. Smoking-room, Reading-room, Bath, and Cariiscta. 
Rooms from Ir. 50 c. a day. Arrangements ma'lo with families du ring the winter setioii- 
Electric Light. Jntcrcommunal Telephone. P. WIRTZ, Proprietor. 



HOMBOURG-LES-BAINS. 



HOTEL DE RUSSIE. 

FIRST CLASS HOTEL. 

ONE OF THE BEST IN THE TOWN, WITH DEPENDENCE "VILLA AUGUSTA" SITUATED HI 

THE EXTENSIVE GARDEN OF THE HOTEL 

Best position near the Kniliatts, the Springs, the Bathing Establishments, and 
Lawn Tennis Oonrts. Pcrftet Sanitary Ammgements. Splendid Dining Boom 

with covered Verandahs. 

HYDRAttLIC LIFT. ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
iMiVe IHMUbr CUMMieau A.MO saumre yards, attached to tHe Hotel. 

BEST ENGLISH & FRENCH COOKING. FINEST OPEN MRRESTAUFUNT 
la the earJijr aad late part of tlia ■aasoa (liay, Suaa, f^epUfiiAwt, voAl QKM^Mx^ «ax%x««AMssi» aK« 

aade at very modtT«it» "BinftM. _. 

». A.. TA-KWl^* ^^3^tiS5*% 



ASurmaasEMmjgTB- 15 



MnnUjnCTOttA fl8TEL,'i=«^^^^ 



If OBT olonMtod ■itimttoa iKnt Gudao, laoing Sooth. Admirabi|y saited lor vMton «iiSerii«fi«tt 
*^ flnnt mwl THiminngMi Jlo&Aiate Ohaiges. Best Sia« and Boecniok Shooting MweUaflgflooTnat 
IttUnglrae lor "VlaitorB of Che HoteL GVBTATE IfBICAHD. PramlHOi^ 

Jtevwyw to EJLS. ttoVUBfle or ««]M uid BJLH. th« fihwid ]>idu of KecUMita^ 

IKNSBKaCK. 

' ■ 

HOTEL BU TIBOiii fonxMrly H^iel 4f JUiteiiBbe. FiratNoiMt nntuMiihrnwit 
'dtoae toUieteflva/ %ati<ni «Md the Htw Steam a«d Salt S*rimmiag BathBSttabStahaBit, 
comxnanaB a t>eailflf ul View tit the TaTley of €he Iim, and surrounding mountains. It eontalnr0T«r 
!#• «lig»i1ity fvxnidMd Bed Rooms 'waA Sitting Boons. BjoaOtag md Smoktaqr Booms, actte. 
JMds 9wd«n. Special anangaxBenis for a pzotracled stay. Innshrock jMNMessas an UoivoisHy, Md 
ofltaBB- gwttU iacilities for education in geaexal. Winter Pension at extremely moderate taCBUi. 
Health resort in Winter for weak constitutions. ^ji^flTi XJLND82E, PropilStQi:. 

INTSRLAEEN. 



HOTEL JUNGFRAU. 

iPROPRIETOR : E. RUCHTI. MANAGER: E. SEILER. 

l^^IfiST CLASS HOUSE of ancient reputation. Most central position on 
-I- "Hoheweg," the principal promenade, with best view of the Jnngfrau and 
Glaciers. Extensive Gardens and Play Grounds. Close to the Churches, Kursaal, 
and Post Office. 

LIFT. ELECTRIC LIGHT THROUGHOUT. BATHS. LAWN TENNIS. 

FensioB nites and Special arrangemsnts made for prolonged stay, llodsrate 

Gharges in May, June, and September. 

INTERUKEN. TERMINUS HOTElT 

CKNTRAL STATION. LANG, Proprietor. 
TjTINEST SITUATION. Bath Room. Moderate Prices. Pension from 

JC 6 francs upwards. Dark Boom for Amateur Photography. Furnished with all modem oomfort 
Omnibus. Best Sanitary Arrangements. Bu£Fet at the Station. 



EISSIN6EN. 



contains now IfiO Badrooma, aO Utilnf Boobu, -aladiiw' Dntwios 'BAMia, aail % %im<Jii2att'«jaBBs^>'«ei^ ^ ^t^2f^^ 

open view in the garden*. The onlyHotel with Mineral %a\au Vu^.^^fe'a.o^l«fe. -^waSss^VcL XJaa «s^^ -asA^as^it ^!?«^ 

thTheuon. OiMaikwainhof ASlIfc.t01th»iaJaktilfMBaiEa^ _ _ _ _L jM_-mj»!i — r- 



The BetUunat oftbeRoyml KnxwMJ-ln the Kurgarteu, \b xrndwc \ik» «M^^a»»»'^S?SSiSS«»'^^^*«^- 
Mainr*Own, iwitTRmew, EMdlnc Booioa, Tiim»x«L^»«B», %»*»»»* ^"^ 



16 ADTEKTISEMran. 



ETTZBUHEL (Tyrol), Austria; 



ENGLISH PENSIONS PFLEGHOF & LEBENBEB 

'DOTH in old Cantlea situated 2,600 and 2,700 feet abovo the tea. Purest air. Endleoe Exevniei 
^ Lake with boatlnfi^, bathing, and fisliiug. Splendid monntain aceaery. Ma^ntficent wtt 
climate, clear, dry, cold — l)rilliant sunshine — nn wind. Highly recommended for throat, dM 
nervous, and I heumatic ailments. Sleighing. Skating. Tobogganning. Pine baths in the Hw 
English Comforts. Moderate Terms. Mrs. AULBW* IPro^rtefv** 



KNOCKE-SUB-MER (Belginm). 



GRAND HOTEL de KNOCK! 

FIRST CLASS ESTABLISHMENT. Splendidly situated facing the M 
Unsurpassed for elegance and comfort, combined with moderate charges. SCO splendid Ml 
rooms with Saloons. Billiards. Reading Room. Terrace. Playgrounds. Omnibus at the 6tattu| 
The latest English Sanitary Improvements. 

LAXrSAiniE. 



'pHIS First Glass Hotel is situated on one of the most beautiful sites in Switzerland, and oramnMii 
-^ admirable views of the splendid scenery around Lausanne. This well-knowa and ezteariwlr 
patronized Establishment has been recently newly furnished with allth« elegance and regard for ooafort 
to which English travellers are accustomed, and beiog conducted under the immediate superinteDdeaei 
of Mr. RiTTKR, will be found to afford ve?y superior accommodation, bhaded Terrace. Garden. I ^ 
Full view of Lake and Mountains. Mr. RITIKK, PropriettlW 



LOCABNO. 



T rtr* A TJTffft Terminus of the Gothard Railway, on LA KE M AGQIORE. Bert 

MVWAifWJrlVe stopping place on the Italian Lakes. OPEN THE WHOLE TEAB. 

THE GRAND HOTEL LOCARNO. 

The BituatiLon unriYalled either for a Summer or Winter Resort. 

PATRONISED by all the Royal Families of Europe. Most luxurious and 
comfortable home with large Park and Gardens. Best situation in the mildest and moit 
constant climate of Europe, without snow, wind, or fog, but with plenty of sunshine. £ntird|f 
adapted for winter residence. Chemin^es, calorif^res, and stoves. Beautiful walks and Mountain 
excursions. English Church. Doctor. Society. Lift. Exquisite cuisine. Private steamtf 
and carriages for visitors. Most moderate charges. 
Messrs. BALLI, Prop rletOCT, 

LUCERNE. 






RIOHT ON THE LAKE AND QUAY FOB STEAMEBS AND PBOMENADB. 



OITB OF THE LONGEST E8TABIiISB.lBI> A^'SI> 'BTSk^'E Ti-^O^-S "B^Ck^lSAiS^. 
Tbif Hotel baa a Uni clan EogUsh conneotion, Tetumius lewc «iv«t :i««t. wia.'fe** iisA.>sMs«««A.^ 
i»*w» JaftWiTwKylDoini for its comfort and good diunet*. Yei»\vmttom%lxw.«^l^T^\^x^,ta« 



ADV^TISEMBKTS . 17^1 



LDXEMBOTTBO. 



GRAND HOTEL BRASSEUR. 

FIBST-CIiASft.HOTEL. 

HE largest Hotel and Best Restaurant in the Town. In an exceptional situation, near the'lP'ark 
and finest Promenades. Replete with every modern comfort. Conyersatlon, Flaying, and 
lading Rooms. English spoken. Douches and Baths. Electric Light. Omnibus and Carriages 

P. BEYEMS WBHRLI, SaeeenoF: 



LYONS. 



BEST HOTEL IN FINEBT SUUATIOir. 

THE GRAND HOTEL. 



IONS. 



The most popnlaF and fashionable. 

T"-' ■■ '- I ' I' ll I J I ' 



MADEIRA— Funchal) . ) 



Reid's Hotels 

ESTABLISHED 1850. 

By appointment to H.B.H. The Duke of Edinburgh. 

REID'S NEW HOTEL. — Situated on the Cliffs to the West of 

unchal, on the New Road, overlooking the Sea, grand view of the Moantains. 
i& Bathing and Boating , 

SANTA CLARA HOTEL. — "Admirably situated, overlooking. , 
iinchal, fine view of the Mountains and Sea. * — Vide RendelVs Guide to Madeira^ • 

MILES'S CARMa HOTEL.-In sheltered central position* 

HORTAS HOTEL.— Germw spoken. 

These FIRST CLASS HOTELS afford every comfort for families and travellers. 
Kcellent Cuisine. and^Choice Wines.. Tennis Courts, large Gardens, Baths,., 
eading, and Smoking. Rooms, Engliskand German Newspapers. Billiards. The 
A.NITABY arrangetnents have.b]9«A qarri^ put by the Bai^ner Sanitajtlft^Ci^-x^^^ %^ 
oodon. All Steamers .met« ' • 'i ' \: \ 



!• ADTBBTItBMniTt. 



MADBID. 



GRAND HOTEL DE LA PAIX. 

rmrr class hotel, the only frcnch hotel in madhli 

LLICTRIO LIOHL BATH. C0UIUER8. CARRIAfiES. ELECTBG UFT. I . 

J. OAPDXVIXIiLK. TropOM \ 



MABBEILLES. 



GRAND HOTEL LOUVRE et PAIX. 

UNIVKBBALLY BEFUTED. 
Proprietor, L. lOHIVlBD-NIBCBWlllDER, of the Savoy H0UI, 

IIKilfl.y KK(;OMMKNI>RII TO RNOLIBH AND AMBBICAV TOUUBT& 



MABTIONT (Valais) Switzerland. 



GRAND HOTEL CLERC. 

Ij^lilHT-CIiAHH IJOUHK. Tho finest and best Hotel in Martignj. Qn^ 
liii|irovfMl hy tlia imw Vrttprlttior, Kli^tric Light. Baths. Billiards. I^arm Qtaimt. 
Tiilii|>b<>ti«. (''arrliiffi'i for Chatnoiilx aud Qd. Ht. Bernard. Omniboa at the Station. Op«n aDtti 
yuariuuud. Mudnraln Chartfoi. HENRI BOUILLBR, PnQKrlOlor. 

MATENCE. 

HOTEL de HOLLANDE. 

WKIiL- KNOWN KIUHT-(^LA88 IIOTKI.. Thoroagh comfort, excellent cookingr. choice Wiaci 
at iiioderatM charge*. HInoe the roiii(»val of the railway, the finest and best situated Hotel t> 
the Town, nirurdtug an onon view of tho Uivcr. FAVourite and quiet stopping place for excanloM 
in the neighbourhood. Hpoclnl arrangenirntM for winter abode. Opposite the Landing Place of ths 
Htoaiuurs. Omnibus meets all trains at iho Central Station. 

Proprietor I RIJUOIPII HBIDKJL <ror ycara Manager oruus HofttO. 



MILAN. 



pOftSO VICTOR EMMANUEL, 9, 1 1, fuU south, near to the GaiAedral, 

KJ the Scala Grand Theatre, Victor Emmanuel Passage, Post and Telegraph Oflic*. •« IMe 
d*UMa" and *' Restaurant." Reading BaloQua, Qmo^Vn« ^w»a^ wi^ ^^!?^ ^vtcvQao 
HfdrMttUo Lift to every floor, CoDtral Stcam-lieaUYig *PP*^^^ **^^,'*J?*^*^C^^^ 
MoaaM. OatiJbat Mt the autlOD. ModerMe chwgea. P^ui^ou. ^^^VJSSSSJ^SSIiS^* 



A DVEBTlSKMByTgt. \9 

MlULtt Co&tlniied. 



HOTEL Du NORD. 

THE most comfortable Hotel, and the nearest to tlie Station. Newly 
restored C1894). Fall South with Garden, and facing the Pare. Central Steam-heating in 
•very room. Perfect Sanitary arrangements. Bath Rooms. Moderate charges. Cook's Coupons 
licoepted. Principal languages spoken. 

V. OOLLEONI, Proprietor. OH. GALLIA, Director. 

BELLINrS HOTEL TERMINUS. 

In tHe immediate vicinity of tlie Railway Station. 

"^EW; expressly bailt for an Hotel with all modem improrements. Situated in the healthiest 
^^ part of the Town. Pleasant Garden. Airy Apartments. Table d'Hote. Restaurant and 
Readiiiff Rooms. Baths. Heated throughout. Scrupulously clean. Careful attendance and very 
moderate charges. Real English Hotel, near tlie Station. Porter meets all trains. Hotel Coupons 
accepted. Ho Examikation or Luogage roB Yisitoks to this Hotbl. 

jr. BEIiLIlflt Proprietor. 



MENAGQIO (Lake of Como) Italy. 

GRAND HOTEL MENAGGIO. 

O. FERRARIO, Proprietor. 

First Glass House. Beautiful Garden on the Shore of the Lake. 
Spring Water. Own Landing Place before the Hotel. Arrangements. 

VERY MODERATE CHARGES. 



m 



MENTONE (Alpes Maritimes). 

HOTEL DES ILES BRITANNIQUES. 

FIRST CLASS HOTEL. Beautiful Healthy Situation. Full South. 
Lift. Electric Lijrht in all the Rooms. Ask for the Illustrated Prospectus and Tariff of the 
Hotel, ''Society 0/ 1,000.000 (Limited.^ 

C. OIOEB, Manager. MOHLEB, BOSNOBLET ft Co. 



METZ. 



GRAND HOTEL de MSm.. 

Table d'Eote at 21 a.m, and 1 and 6 o*olo6k. LonflLOU'SlMBft- ^SBA»»»» »► ,_^^_. 



so* ▲DTESTIBBMENTS. 



MONT-DOBE-LES-BAIirS (France). 



HOTEL SARCIRON-RAINALDY. 

FORMERLY CHABAURY, AINE. 

TlM best situated, the moit eomfortable and treanented of the Town. UKUitur 
arrangements perfect Lift. Lawn Tennis. Cottage. Villas. 

Apply f Mr. AAMCnMlf-RAHAKBT. 



MONTBEUZ (Clarens). 



siHOTEL BELMONT^ 

A FINE FIRST CLASS FAMILY HOTEL with every modem comfort, latest maitVf 
and heating arrangements, in the healthiest, most quiet and charming part, &tandt 
well up from the Lake, lurroiinded by shady Terraces and Park. Splendid panoramic ^ews; euj 
access from town. Charming residence for change and rest all the year round. Splendid family 
Apartments. Lift, Bath Rooms, Balconies, Tennis, Electric Light, Omnibus, Charges Moderate. 

TH8. 17NGER IMINAUMSOIf, Pr«»victer., 

Also of the Grand Hotel Yictoria, 8t Beatenbers. 



n^^np^a 



MUNICH. 



PERMANENT EXHIBITION OF FINE ARTS. 

OBOANEEED BT THB ICUXIOH ARTISTS' BOOZETT. 
No. It Koemlfrsplatef Mnnleb* opposite tHe Glyptothek* 

OPEN for show and sale daily in Summer from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., and in Winter from 9 a.m. to 
6 p.m. One of the most interesting places in town, well worth seeing. It contains the noTslties 
of the several branches of Fine Art, and the admission of any work of art is suliject to the Texdlct 
of a Jury composed of 21 of the best Munich Artists.- Best opportunity for direct purchases. 



MUNICH, 1896. AT THE ROYAL CRYSTAL PAUCE. ~ 

ANNDAL EXHI6ITIDN ol WORKS of ART of all NATIONS. 

Open from June 1 until the end of October, 1896. 

MAXIMILIAN PARK. MUNICH. MAXIMILIAN. PARK. 

QBAND HOTEL OO^Tl^^^^TAL. 

PLENDID Fim Clan Family HoteL Situated VntAieinosi Vv^^VwwOSV^^^xj^^^t * 
^J^*«9H. An nMrfeni comforli and tmprotunBaU. U<A«».\* ^^jtj^. y»^ 
oronghout. Bydnulie lAtU "■- TTCEKOb, TiWWi 



NAPLES. 



HOTEL BRISTOL. 

THIS MAGNIFICENT FIRST CLASS FAMILY HOTEL, coMtruoted 
aniB tlie most iDnmed piioolplu of brglene ind combR, Aid ■eoDriUpg to tlia beat nedlul 
adtlMS ii now «)iulnet«d Id (He SwIh ttyit. 

It 19 suiioDPdsd br gu^EDi, ind lituted od Ihs highetl and healthiest part at Ntpleg, 
comDUDdhieagreatvUvoTertheaglt. VeisTlDS, and Maiids; neareit loSanUartbiawidMui^A 

Onnd and InzDiioas hrnliliiiig Large SitilDg and DriiiihigRoami. TirracM. DlitEarnMed 
Cooking. Polile and teadj' attendanoe. 

The Proprietor and UaniKer, A, LAHDRY, Inm the Hotel UetllbMi, neoi Zurich, late 
Proprietor of the Grand Hotel Pegll, and Hotel Sonnenberg, Engelberg. 

PIAZZA MUNICIPIO. 

IN the healthiest and moil eentralpaaltloa. Near the Laodloe-Pior. Splendid Tiewa of the Qnlt 
and TAtatiDi. Lift Batbs. Calotlfire. Newly fomlshed and arranged to »(ford realdmtj 
a*aiT ooiiTaDlance and comfort vltb modsrat* ohirgei. Perfect Drainai-e. Bni meeti CTerr tnln. 
DSlTmXt, FOGOUNI, OAHPIQNS, FTOptMOn. 

ITEUHATISEir-SCHArFHAUSEN (Switzerland) 



PALLS OF THE RHINE 

HOTEL SCHWEIZERHOF. 

FmST 0LA88 HOTEL. 200 BOOMS. HTDBAULIC LIFT. 
Splenilld TlawB of tlie o«l«1iTated. . 

MUS OF THE RHINE & THE CHAIN OF 
ALPS, AS FAR AS MONT BLANC. 



A CHARMING SUMMER RESORT, 



SPECIAL ARRANaEMENTS FOR A ' 
PROTRACTED STAY. 

B7 mwiu of Eleetricity utd Bengal LightothBYtiUmiA'Cue.'^ScmA « 

MMOLtSE DlYiaa BBBYIOB la «« «« Ctoa<ai^Vw» >M > "^^ 




MCg. 



GRAND HOTEL. 

eoo BOOKS Axnt aAi.ooHa. 



SUBBBERO 'gnremheig?. 



GOLDEN EAGLE HOTEL 



OSFESALETTL 



XZOTI>E3Xj Z>E3 Xj-A. fl^lLLUMlal 



B Voodn nMn sBd HnMd kr Piitrtt-ttte ttovK 

'■ llr. KNIiEKUS, 14 BMh, of Wtianhub Twllmhal 



HOTEL GONTINENTM 

OPEN FROM JUNE 1st TILL H37EMBEB. 



":;;:■' ''■<ii.Miii':rnm.- 

iiiiiiirrrntRiiTimi. 



j em** T, r.-- 



f adng oa Baa and BalM 

ClOM to tlw Ksw KemU 

laaftll 



READING 
I AnoMUSIC ROOMS- 
BATHS. 






ADTBRTI8BHBMT8. 28 



OSTXXfD CoBtiniied. 



CHEAT OCEAN HOTEL, 

FIRST-CLASS IN EVERY RESPECL 



UNRIVALLED FOR ITS SPLENDID SITUATION, 
FACING THE SEA AND THE BATHS. 



Close to the New Kursaal and the Residence of the Royal Family. 





LEON THOMA, Proprietop. 



SITUATED, Rue d'Ouest, close to the Kursaal and Bathing Place. First- 
class Hotel, recomniendrd for Its comfort and moderate fixed prices. Splendid large Dining 
Room. Breakfast Room. Conversation and Reading Saloons. Bnglish, American, Germa n, and 
French Newraapers. Omnibus and Hotel Porter meet the Train and Steamer. OPEN ALL TBDB 
YEAR BOUND. CH. MERTIAN, PROPRIETOR. 

THE SPLENDID HOTEL. 

T^HB most fasbiooable Hotel and Restaurant in the placA. Finest situation facing the Sea and the 

^ Baths, and nest to the Palace of the Royal Family. "Elevator." All Modern Comfort. 

200 Beds and Saloons. Omnibus meets Steamers and Trains. 

Address for Letters and Cablegrams: "SPLENDID, OSTBND.** 

I. 8CHWITZI1VO, llaiia«r«*r« M'inter Season : Nice, Motel de France. 

Branch Ronae during the Winter :' THB SHIP HOTEL, opposite the Landing Stage of the Boyal Belgium Mail 
Steamera and cloee to the Bailway Btationa. Newly furnished. Perfect Banitary arraugementa. 



GRAND HOTEL QU LVS\^!^ 



LIFT. ELECTRIC LIQHT. aOk»» ^^«^^ 



124 . ADVJutTiatBianyTg, 

08TBND Co&tiaii«d. 



THE GAND AND ALBION HOTEL. 

1?IB8T-CLASa BNOLI8H FAMILY HOTEL AND PENSION. Green Sqiure, dose to the 8ea,'K«TBMa. m 

•^ Open all tlie year. Full Board. 7s. or 8i. per day, according to the Sooma. Special arrangeuunta par Wak 

or Bfonth during the Winter and Summer Season. . 

RO«M8 FKOM Sa. A DAY. 'A. DECIXRCK, Pi^piletMW 

H.B.— Hie Omnibus of the Hotel cohvots Trarellrrs, free, to and from the Tnuna and Btealixen. 
'^'Bnmoh House during the Winter: THB tllUP MWtKt, opposite the Landing Stage of the-Boynl Wfiic 
Mail Steamers and close to the Hallway Stations. Newly furnished. Porfect Sanitary arrangem e nta. 



-pECOMMENDED First-class English Family Hotel and Pension. Splendid situation. Neaneat to the Batkt 

-'>*' Kursaal. and Casino ; close to and with view of the Sea. Every modem comfort. Only Hotel U^tfd \f 
. Xlactrieitr in the town.. Sitting and Smoking Koums. English Serrants. Good Badraom, ligbt. *ri T^rrHlT' 
^nwl•87fri. a daj. Fall Paiudoii, tlur*o meals Inclvded, Ugb% aad attaadaacw teem 9 fts.'»^4aj. Ten 

advantageous arrangements for Famuies and long stay. All enquiries receive prompt attention. *Bn8 at Taaaf 

and Steamers. Gkxid Cuiaine and Cellar. Civili^. Ofkv all the txab. 

B..DATID .VAXOUYOK, Propnotor and Uanagw, roHdedmaoy yean m BngluA 

PARIS. 

MIRABEAU 

HOTEL ET RESTAURANT. ' 

8, RUE DE LA PAIX, 8, 

(Place Yendoie. Place del'Opera.) 

PEACE. COMPORT. EASE. 



HOTEL de LILLE et d' ALBION, . 

M99i MtVE STt MOIVORB*' near- the Tui]L«i\ea Qax(tona« YVuoa Veivd^ma, and Op«m. 1 

jnlRer-OLAaa HOTEL. Moderate TMms. Ven »A^«fl^U«5ja %Ttwi«.OTi<w.^ 
-• extra ohmrgea tor Serrioe and Light Btery home oomlott. 1at» -a^.^^^xiVs^ ^km^«ui 



^SAifi&aia.\5S&aHiil^ 



teia/r^'^sj^ffiiu'f^^a^K"?^^- 



ADVSBTISdBllSNTS. ^25 



PAHtS Cotitiliiiied 



HOTEL AHD PENSION PEREY 



35, BUE BOISSY D'ANGLAS, and CITE dn BETIBO, 

5, MADELEINE, CHAMPS ELYSEES. 

ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR ITS CENTRAL AND QUIET POSITION. 

NE^WLT FURNISHED and RE-DECORATED. 

LIFT. HOT AIR STOVE. ELECTRIC LIGHT THROUGHOUT. 

V Service k la Carte." 8e];>arate tables. Advantageous arrangements with families 

for a long residence. 

B. MOMMEJA-PEREY, Pruprietor. 

BERETTA-LONDON and MILAN HOTEL. 

8, RUE ST. HVACINTHE, ST. HOBTORE, PARIS. 

Close to the Tnileries Garden, Palais Royal, Louvre, New Opera, ChampsElys^s, ftc. 

ROOMS, from Sfrs. 50c. per day. Plaifi Breakfiisti. 

Visitors are quite free to take their meals where they like. Table d'hote, and Restaurant d la carte. 

Night Porter in attendance. Moderate Terms in winter. 

BERETTA, Proprietor. 

FBAGUE. 




FAMOUS First Class Hotel, opposite the Vienna, Dresden, Karlsbad, and 
Breslau Railway Station (no carriages wanted). Very clean and most comfortable apartments 
at Ifl. and upwards. Conversation and Reading Room. Beautiful Garden with Terrace. 
Luminous Fountain. (Carriages. Baths. Telephone. V. BENES, Proprietor. 

' — 

(Lake of Lucerne ) RIGI. (Lake of Lucernd), 

ALrmire. RIG I — KALTBADa'ltitude. 

On the shore of the Knke des IV CSantoiis. 

rVIBST CLASS HOTEL AMD PENSION. Mountain Air Curt. HydrotlMrapy. The bmmA dMlt«r«d litnation 
•" with splendid Panorama. Physician. Orohestra. Bailway Station. Post and Telejtraph. I^rga Asphalte Terrace 

and Verandahs, Romantic Pine Woods. Lawn Tennis. Spring Water. Arrangements for pnitracted stay, from 9fr». 

]>er day. In Jano and September reduced Terms. 

Prospectus sent vratis by the Bfanaire'r, «V. WtfRTH. 



BOME. 



M 



OST Distinguished House in tbe moat ft\feN^\«A Wi5i.^^>oiaevwK^^gKev.^^^ 

Moderate Chturgea. Arrangements for proXwiclftA. «Xvi. j^.---. 



2% ADTSllTIBmCSirTf. 






CONTINENTAL HOTEM 

FIR8T-CLA88. 300 ROOMS. 

All Modem Comforts. Open all Teaj* Roiind. 
P. LUQANI, Proprietor. 

ROME. HflTFI RFAII RITF family hotel 



so, 7ZA AUBOBA.-QVAETEB LUXMVIU («kt UglMi*, iMttUwt. uid nort Bo4«rm 9wt of «Mf). 
pATRNT LIFT. Baths. Caloriferes. Private Saloons. All rooms have aoiith aipeGL I 

^ Basy aecMs to all parts of Borne by the new Electric TtamwaF. Pension 8 »{ 

12 frs. per day. Arrangements for Parties. Every Modem comfort. 
MM. 8MM.EMgM.BBCCAmi» IFrmpwMim* 

^ R OTTEBDAM. 

vicrroRiA HOTEiLi, 

1, WIllElMSPUBIN. 

EXCELLENT TABLE D'HOTE. RESTAURANT A LA CARTI. MODERATE CHARGES. 
^-^ First-class Hotel, beautifally situated on, and with tlie most imposing Tiew^ over, the River 
Maas, in tlie neighboarhood of the Harwich and Weekly Steamers, the Post and Telegraph OfBce. 
HIGHLY RECOMMENDED to EKGI.1SII and AMEiUCAM VAMlKIKfiM 

J. E. de JOODE, New Proprietor. 



ROTTEN. 



GRAND HOTEL de PARIS. 

Terjr flrgt-claaa and best sitnated Hotel* 

VIEW on the Seine, Bon Secours, Pont GomeiUe, and lie Lacroix. Near a Post and Telegraph Oflke. 
the Theatre, and the principal Monuments. Large and small Apartments. Gholoe Cnisine. 
Renowned Wines. English spoken. Cook's Coupons accepted and abatement of 5 |par omt. for an ei^t 
<4aya stay. Bicycles may be deposited. Electric Light. Telephone. Near the Exhibition (1886). 
Kept by Mrs. Yve. BATAILIiARD* formerly proprietreis of tlie Hotel de I'Burope, a* 



BOYAT-LES-BAINS (France). 



CONTINENTAL HOTEL 

NATURAL LIFT. FOURHIEB, Proprietor. 

ST. MOBITZ DOBF (Engadine), Switzerland. 

HOTEL BAVIER du BELYEDERE-st. moritz viluce. 

Cenneeted by Electrle Tram wltH St. Morltz-Bad. 

n^HIS HOTEL, Gtted with Fire-proof Sta\rcaAe%,'^iv%\v^\v^^Tv\\«c^ KTtasi^^ 

€ joents. Lift. Baths, Doache, heated by hot water pVpe» (>\ot ft-Vt ot %\«».m\WTawcv'^<i«ixxv^vii'^ 
' ane sanay aspect. The Table and the whole Set^rVcc are ¥Vt«.\. e\a*a wv<i.T^rta%iiL«<^«».x*. 

Mmrge Terrace. MAwm Teiwiim Co«t*» *i«^* 



ABVBRTIBEMfiltTS. 



27 



! 



SAN BERNADINO (Switzerland). 



1,«M M. ABOTIS THE MMVKi. OW TlUt SEA. 

GRAND HOTEL VICTORIA. 

CHARMING Climatic Station. Ferruginous Mineral Water Spring, recom- 
mended for the care of Anemia, Neurasthenia, Rachitiim, etc. Unequalled Centre of 
Promenades and Excursions. Seasion, 15th June— 16th ijeptember. 

AMT01NB WDTTif PTOprietor. 



Italy. 



SAN BEMO. 



BlVIERA. 



HOTEL de r EUROPE et de la PAtX. 

A handsome Hotel, opposite the Railway Station, with a fine out-look. South aspect. 
Arrangements made for a long stay. Deservedly recommended. 

MODERATE CHARGES. 

LAUBBIIT BBRTOUNI, JUN., formerly qfOrand Hotel Royal, San Bemo, and Hotel de VEwroptt Milan, 

SCHINZNACH (on-thc-Aar) Switzerland. 



SCHINZNACH. 

ON-THEAAB (SWITZERLAND). 

RAILWAY STATION. 
343 METRES ABOVE SEA. 

SITUATION SHELTERED from the WIND. 

MILD CLIMATE.-FREE FROM DUST. 

Season, May 16 nntil September 30. 



BATHS AND HEALTH RESORT. 

Rich SnlphurouB JErated Mineral 
Springs, effloaciouB for Chronic Skin 
Diseases, Chronic Catarrh, Rheumatism. 

Fine new Building for Special Treat- 
ment by Inhalations. Milk cure. 

REGULAR DIVINE SERVICES IN CHAPEL 

Reduced prices until June 16. Pro- 
spectus free from 

HANS AMSLER, Proprietor. 



SOBRENTOe 



HOTELS TRAMONTANO AND TASSO, AND HOTEL-PENSION SYRENL 

THESE EXCELLENT HOTELS, which are sitnated in the best iiart of what is worthily named 
the '* Beauty Spot of Italy,*' are tlie annual resort of the most distinguished English and American 
Families. The Principal Centre for Excursions. 

Mr. «. TRAWOKTANOt Proprietor and Hanaser* 

SPA. 



SPA— Oldest, finest, and most efflcacions Mineral ferrnglnons Waters— SPA 

HOTEL DE FLANDRL. «^-l,^^«^^'«**-^- 

Tbe largegt Ont-olaaa Hotel in the central Wifli xanaX. ^»is2«^'*^'^^^^^^^^ir 
BaantlAU itok with Villaa and Cot^asev ^^«»A. Qeitfi**^ 




M. I !■ I ^ I ■ III J ittfm' fmtfit^uuwmt IMM^im. Tj 



8TUTTGAKT. 



BOTEL ICABQVABDT 

i.H situaud in the fioett part of the town, in the beaotiftil I^aoe Biml, 
•iHi»t»r U« Kail v«7»ta<iMiaa4 the Port Oflee. Mar to the '~ ... - __ _ 

/iFf>f«MM4tk4P«J«^.ftii4fa<fairth*a«v04crjB. TUs Hatd wifl be 1 



r4!tiM^4i tlM«p«na«nta«recUipMtlffarsi«li«dndcaitableforiaaiIiMir 
i f I V>, *t 1 aad t r/doelL Freaeb aad Eoglisfa XewipafcxB. H. sad a ~~ 




TAHABI8-STJB-HEB (Hear Toulon) Var— France. 





.^ JFLIS. 



NK^ Winter Btation on the Mediterraoean, pictoresqne and weU-wooded, 
ffl/;tfnr M>tr«fK« to TooloB roadft— d, Open aU the yemr ronnd. Modem eomfort and aui- 
iMiUm. Kse«il«nt Calfloe. Freqacot comtnnniration with Tooloa by Land and Sea la 30 minokef. 

Ad4r«M : H JUtT, Promrietor, GBAMD HOTEL, nunazie-sar-Mte' (YarX 

C»lVVK¥AVCm MBVT TO MCCV TKAIM AT TOVI^^X. TBKHS M«] 

TBIBEBG. 



HOTEL WEHRLE. 

UKHT •lUiatloti, near the WaterfftUn: for a long time well known as "HOTEL I. OGBSEN.'* Ereir 
' ' KtigllMi comfort. JhilhR. Kluotrio I^ight. Biilk Core. OmniboB at the Station. CkaritM. 
MiMltirale oharcna. I'enilon. The uroprietor gives best information for Excnrrions in the Blaok Fbreat. 
'I ii« lloTMti WMiiltLB, iiol vory large but Tery comfortable, is highly recommended bv German and 
foroltfri (luldo liooks. P. WElDBIf, noprietor. 



HOTEL BELLE VUE. 




' g**<for4tt*(lBr$,wiag Room vti\ B« 



ADrBBTIBBlCtiKTd. 20 



TXJBIN. 



: Grand Hotel de FEurope 



• THIS SPLENDID HOTEL, situated on the Piazza Castello, 
-*■ and five minutes' walk from the Station, Post, Telegraph, etc., 

- is furnished to afford Residents every possible convenience and- 
comfort. 

Lighted by Electricity. Heated by Hot-air Stoves. 

BATH. SANITARY ARRANGEMENTS PERFECT.. 

Single and Double Bedrooms, and splendid Suite of Apart- 
ments at moderate charges. 

A. BOROO, Proprietor. 



UETLIBE&G (ZTTBIGH). 



HOTEL PENSION, hear ZURICH. 

HOVNTAIN RAII.WAT STATION. 8,9tf« feet above the level of the Sea. 

XJALF AN HOUR'S DELIGHTFUL TRIP BY RAIL, or 1 Houtb pleasant walk from Zurich. 
■'"'- Beautiful place of resort for Tourists, Exoursioiiists, Inralids, persons requiring rest and bradne 
up, and for families intending to stop at Zurich, and aroid the noise and heat of the town. PoiKst Mid 
most inyigorating mountain air. Magnificent HoteL 160 Booms newly fitted up. opening on 
balconies and commanding a glorious view. Daiir ; plentiful sup^ of new milk and whey. Park of 
more than 100 acres. Lawn Tennis. English Church Service. Post OfDce.' Tel^pranh. Telephone. 
Vert Modbratb Prices en pention. A. JLABTDKIry Proprietor. 

HIGHER UP— FIVE MINUTES' WALK FROM THE. HOTEL, 
DCOTAIIDAMT I IT/^ I/Ill KA On the crert of the hUl ; for ceuturle. the most 
riQO I MUriMIN I U I \J l\UL.lVl popular resort of parties and excursionists ftom 
i»-— — ^^^^— ^^— — — ^■» »^^i^^» far and near. 

Grand panoramic view equal to the Rigi. Excellent Oolslne ; Choice Wines ; First-rate Attendance. 



VENICE. 



HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. 

rpHIS OLD ESTABLISHED FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, «U\uit^wvVsv^\s(wN.'^N^sw^«»V^ 
-•- Canal, hAsjnst been repaired and greatly ImptO'veA. "&«^ -AsStk. \>Vcft»%^<3«'*> ^*^'*' 
/f oor or erlooking the Grand Canal. HydxaiQiO lASt. j^ ^^ 

j»r SEADZNQ AND SMOKiNa KoovA. "auraa. '«^3:^3U^W?5«^ 




80 1.DTBBTI8BMBKT8. 



VXNICS CoBtlaned. 



HOTEL D'lTALIE BAUER. 

NBAR St. Mark's Square, on the Grand Canal, facing the Church of St. 
Maria Salate. SOO Rooms. 90 Saioous. Patronised by Enrlish and American Travellers. 

The Splendid SMtanrant ''Orunwald" beloncsto tne same Proprietor. 

POST OFFICE IN THE HOTEL. 

See Text, under '*V«itoe,** Italy Saotloa. JULIUB ORUNWALD, Hew Propr. 

VICHY-LES-BAINS (France). 

GRAND HOTEL DES AMBASSADEURS. 

IN THE PARK, FACING THE CASINO AND MUSIC KIOSQUB. 

LIFT. In the centre of all the Bprinffi and Bath Houses. Open all the year round. LIFT. 

Hcssrs* BOVBEAV Jk COIiIiBT, Proprietors. 

Tt»Tellen sre rMommended not to permit thenuelTM ta be misled bj Tonten or to be put down at a wrong Hotel by 

Omnibns Condneton, etc. 

WILPPAP. 

HOTEIi KliUMPP 

^^HIS First-class Hotel, containing 45 Saloons and 235 Bedrooms, with a 

JL separate Breakfast, Reading and Conversation Rooms, as well as a Smoking Saloon, 
a very extensive and elegant Dining Room, and an Artificial Garden over the river, is t^atifkilly 
situated in connection with the Old and New Bath buildings and Conversation House, and in the 
Immediate vicinity of the Promenade and Trinkhalle. It is celebrated for its elegant and comfort- 
able Apartments, good Cuisine and Cellar, and deserves its wide-spread reputation as an excellent 
Hotel. Table d*Hdte. Breakfasts and Suppers «( 2a Carte. Exchange Office. Correspondent of 
the principal Banking Houses of London for the payment of Circular Notes and Letters of Credit 
Omnibuses of the Hotel to and from each Train. Fine Private Carriages. Warm and Cold 
Baths in the Hotel. Lift to every floor. Excellent accommodation. 

Reduced prices for Rooms during the months of May and September. 

HOTEL BELLE VUE, 



THIS First-class Hotel is beautifully situated on a terrace facing the new 
Trinkhalle, at the entrance of the Promenade, and within five minutes* walk from the English 
C/iurch. It 1* well known for its cleanliness, good attendance, and moderate charges. The 
Calsine department and Wines will afford satisfaction to the most fastidious taste. A great part of 
of * 'i?'^^^^^^ ^^" "owlyfumiahedt and the drainage ewiVteVy t«coTAtnxs\«^. ^Lxc^Uent Sitting and 
B0OJBS, /arniabed with Engllah comfort. ConveraaUon, i^iA\Tv«,Mv^^m«»V«v^^ws.\v\%. \aj\v^v 
'^9?°^- ^be Times and other Papers taken In. Warm atvA Co\«i'BsXYi%Va. «. «»v*.^«.\^\wi\\^VR!|^, 
Y^^^Jfioa meet» every Train durinir the a©a»on. CoivkA. ^om\a^Mo^^itt^VJ\^\JfcV«vl^^x vu^ 
*'^^ Bath Ilouae, — ""^ 



ADTBRTISEMBHTS. 8t 



WIESBADEir. 



ROSE HOTEL AND BATHS. 

FIRST-CLASS ESTABLISHMENT, with Baths supplied frdm the prin- 
cipal spring, the " Kocbbrxinnen/' Free and bracing air, best situation, with its own Garden 
Kposite the Promenade. Close to the Kursaal and Royal Theatre. Drawing, Reading, and Billiard 
K>m8. Table d'Hote at 1 and 7 o*c1oc1e. Reasonable chai^ges. Lift. 

^ H. HAFFNEK, Froyrtelor. 

ZTJBICH. 



HOTEL BATTB ATT LAC. 

FIRST CLASS HOTEL. BEST SITUATION ON THE LAKE. 

Beavtifnl Carden. Hydnmllc Ufl. 
Patronised by English and American Families. Pension. 

BLEOTBIQ LIGHT IN EVERY BOOM. OPEN ALL THE YEAB BOUND. 

GRAND HOTEL NATIONAL AND TERMINUS. 

BLEGTRIC LIGHT. HYDRAULIG LIFT. 



New Proprietor : AOHILLE MISLIN, of the Grand Hotel, Boyat. 



OTTEBNSEY. 



CHANNEL ISLANDS HOTEL 

This Hotel immediately £aceB the Sea and dose to Tiandlng Stage. 

COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY HOTEL. 

Noted Cuisine and Liberal Table. 'Tenns ''moderate. Bdliard BOom. 
H. 8HIRVEU,, Proprietor: 

ix>.] ALSO OF THE IMPERIAL HOTEL. ROCOUAINE BAY. 

8ARK. 

DIXCART HOTEL 

(IN A BEAVTIFinL SITlJATIOlf). 

Terms Moderate. Established over 50 years. 






SARE, CHANNEL ISLANDS. ' 

A Flnt-daas Country Hotel, on the most IsnycSa^^ isy^ v^ ^a&^' Ws a M^f>^»w . 

rpHE largeab and only Hotel on the laXan^ VyVJcl ^^«a.^'vs«- .^^I^ 

JL exoeUent aeeplDf aoooniinodfttion. Large Pu\>\iQ T>tv«iVD%, %mK»g|»%L*»^->?^-»-^ 
(0n>Mtt9 UMsbK QoodFk^^ tad Bathing. n^% V»^V&^ 



32 1.DTBRTI8EMBNT8. 



JERSET. 






STANDS IN AN UNRIVALLED POSITION FACINC THE SEA. 

Is the LARGEST, the BEST APPOINTED, and the LEADING HOTEL In the 

CHANNEL ISLANDS. 
TeleKrapblc Address: **ORAJro, JBHSEY.'* D. de IBIN, Mummmtff' 

POMME D'OR. 

rrillS delig^htfal and charming First Class Hotel is beantifnlly situated for ExcuralOns by Ses 
■^ and Land. One mxt Of the Hotel overlooks the Sea. it is nnrlTalled for its exquisite 
French Cuisine in the whole of the Channel Islands. Special temiB made IW the WeeK. 



Lo] X«. JMC^T7X1..A.T7X>. X'xroTMTlo't 



BREE'S ROYAL HOTEL, 



1^1 TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS zHBRBBSf JERSEY. 

GRAND HOTEL DE L'EUROPE. 

Lately conducted hy Mme. Del^pine. 



Terms from 6s. 6d. per day inclusive. 

0MNIBT7S MEBTB ALL BOATS. , 

Lo.] Proprietor, PIERRE TRRMBI« 



FRANKLIN 




BED, BREAKFAST, DINNER, AND ATTENDANCE 6/6 PER DAT. 
OMNIBUS MEETS BOATS WHEN ORDERED. 



St. BRELADE'S BAY HOTEL 

Charmlnsly Situated on Sea Sliore. 

Recently enlarged. Tariff on application. The only Hotel. in Channel Islands 

affording facilities for Sea Bathing. 

1^0.1 ^ A. B. HARDEN. Proprietor. 

PIiEMONT HOTEI4. 

^TANDS directlj on the edge of t\ift OVkSa^ raAYv^ «. wjlendid view of the 

^^ Islands and the Coast of France. Plemoul V% «LmoTkS«\, V\v% xaa^ ^^tfd^^v^s^M^ vt«xiei7 <* 
the Island, and i a noted for its caves, \Tblch 8hoa\el^>e %wiv Vi'S «\\^*Xwc*. ^<>*!«k%««^%,,sA.^jb*.. 
/««^ otfcozaiiiodat/oD At moderate charges. TartftloT^»w<te^oiv^wTs\^\^^s». ^ ^„ 



ADVEftTlBEMBNTS. 



BRITISH AND FOREIGN 

3IB LE SOCIE TY. 

IIBLES, TESTAMENTS, 

AND 

PORTIONS OF SCRIPTURE 

I THE VARIOUS LANGUAGES OF THE CONTINENT 

<'AN BE PURCHASED AT SOCIETY'S DEPOTS IN 

PARIS 58, Rue de Clichy. 

PARIS 4, Place du Theatre franjais (Palais Royal). 

MARSEILLES 38, Rue de la R^publique. 

CANNES 6, Rue des Marches. 

BR USSELS 5, Rue de la P^pini^re. 

ANTWERP 44, Rue Dambrugge. 

BERLIN 33, Wilhelmsstrasse. 

COLOGNE 22, Komddienstrasse. 

BASLE 4, Stapfelberg. 

BERNE 9, Naegeliegasse. 

VIENNA 6, Elisabeth Strasse. 

PESTH 4, Deakplatz. 

PRAGUE FranzenQuai, 6. 

MADRID Leganitos, 4. 

SEVILLE 31, Plaza de la Constitucion. 

LISBON Janellas Verdes, 32. 

ROME 4. 63, Via Due Macelli. 

FLORENCE 22, Via delia Vigna Nuova. 

GENOA : 9, Via Assarotti. 

MILAN Via Carlo Alberto, 31. 

NAPLES 101, Strada di Chiaia. 

ALGIERS 3, RueTanger. 

ST. PETERSBURG ...4, New Isaac Street. 

ODESSA 58, Khersonskaya Street. 

ALEXANDRIA Woivodich Buildiw^^ T^^^^^^^^xsw^^J^a^?^ 

Hher InformsttoB OAn be obtained at auj oliYie li^MTL^ «j^^s^^»ft'^%^^'*^B 

146, Queen ^VtitoxSa. ^\x^V^^^** 



HENRY BLACKLOCK S CO. 

(PROPRIETORS OF BRADSHAW'S GUIDES), 
ENGRAVERS, AND 

ACCOUNT BOOK MANUFACTURERS. 




Bill Form*. 
Chttquet. 
BVZRY DESCRIPTION OF PRINTING AND BOORBIHDIltC 



mwcAms, 9mm, sPOOi mv;!E3;^.vtLVET & other labeu . 

' SPECIALLY DESlGHtD t.HO VWKWa. 




A*' Aratrnly 

Htdlclnes ot blessing i relief 

to B.II wlio are out of liealth. 
Ara you suffering 

'torn Iiijigeation, Wiiut of Enero. 
L Dieordoreil Btomucli.Liier trouble, 
irUtkof Tone? 

' ; Try the Pills, 

Slid you will rejoice in 
eatorcd lifaitli, atrengtli, and appetitn. 



Have you taken cold 



3 Cheir 



3Hb]e», Kliei 



i Gout or Nearalgia ? 

TTae the Ointment. 
' It notB like B cliami. Tor [:uta, W.,andi. 
Bmisee, SpruiDB, suit all muscular rod- 
r traotions, it hftB no equal. 

These Remedies are Invaluable 

implainta incidental to Kemalo*. For 
children and the used tbey aru pricu'lesa. 

HOLLOW AY '8 

WSSl.OifordBtA.' '