British libellulinae, or, Dragon flies : illustrated in a series of lithograph drawings, with a brief description of the insects, times of appearance, &c.

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LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS, AND AUTHORS
REFERRED TO.

Bars.—Genera Insectorum of Linneus. Exemplified by various
specimens of English Insects. By James Barbut. 4to. Lon-
don: 1781-3.

Burton.—John Barlow. Lectures on Entomology. 8vo. London.
1837.

Cuarp.—Libellulinee Europcee, a Toussaint de Charpentier. 4to.
Lipsiae. 1840.

Curtis, Joun.—British Entomology; or, Illustrations and Des-
criptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great Britain and
Ireland. 8vo. London: 1824, &c.

Don.—Edward Donovan. Natural History of British Insects.
Royal 8vo. Lond.: 1792—1809.

De GrEr.—Charles Baron de Geer. Memoires pour servir a
l’Histoire des Insectes. 4to. Stockholm: 1752—1778.
EntTomo.Locists’ Useful Compendium, &c. Geo.Samouelle. 8vo.

London: 1824.

Harr.—An Exposition of English Insects. By Moses Harris. 4to-
London: 1781. The Aurelian; or, Nat. Hist. of English In-
sects. 1766. Fol. 1776—1782. Lond. 4to.

Kirpy and SpENceE’s Introduction to Entomology. 8vo. London:
1828, &c.

Mittarp, Simeon Warner.—Outlines of British Entomology.
8vo. Bristol. 1821.

Panz.—G. W. Panzer.-—Faunz Insectorum Germanice initia, or,
Deutschland’s Insecten, 12mo. Nuremberg: 1796, &c.

4

PETAGNA.—V. Petagna.—Institutiones Entomologicz. 8vo. Naples:
1792.

Ra@sEt.—A. J. Reesel de Rosenhof. Insecten Belustigungen.
4to. Nuremb.: 1746, kc. 2

REaumur.—R. A. Ferchault de Reaumur. Memoires pour servir
a l’Histoire des Insectes. 4to. Paris: 1734—1742.

StrPH.—Illustrations of British Entomology. 8vo. By James
F. Stephens. London, 1828, &c.

Suuz.—J.H. Sulz.—Die Kelinzeichen der Insectin. 4to. Zurich:
1761.

ScuarFrr.—J. C. Schzeffer.—Icones Insectorum circa Ratisbo-
nam Indigenorum. 4to. Ratisbonne. 1769.

VANDER LinpEN.—Monographia Libellularum LEuropeearum.
P. L. Vander Linden. 8vo.

Viitu.—Charles de Villers.—“ C. Linnai Entomologia.” 8vo.
Lugduni: 1789.

WAKEFIELDS.—Introduction to the Natural History of Insects.
By Priscilla Wakefield, 8vo. London: 1816,

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Plate 1,--Fig. 1. A small portion of the eye of Libellula depressa. 2. Antenna

14,

2

of Agrion puella. 3. Antenna of Aishna maculatissima. 4. Antennaof
Libellula depressa. 5, Mandibles of Aishna maculatissima. 6. Max-
ille of Libellula depressa. 7. Labrum of Libellula depressa. 8. La-
bium of Libellula depressa, 9. Apex of abdomen of Calepteryx hcemorr-
hoidalis, male. 10. Part of abdomen of ditto. a, Opening to sexual
organ. 11. Lamellated appendage of Aushna maculatissima. 11a. Lamel-
lated appendage of Gomphus flavipes, (from Stephen’s “ Illustrations of
British Entomology.’’) 12, Apex of abdomen of Libellula depressa,
male. a. Opening to sexual organ, 13. Tarsi of Agrion furcatum,
Tarsi of Libellula depressa. 15. Tarsi of Aushna maculatissima. 16.
Prehensile organ of male Libellula, @ moveable hooks encompassing
the points * of the process & ; ¢ processes of the 2nd division of the organ,
between which the hook d lies. e. 3rd division of the organ, (from
Shuckard’s Translation of Burmeister.) 17. Breathing apparatus of
#ishna. 17a. The same open. 18. Mouth-piece of Libellula depressa,
side view. 18a. The same, front view. 180. The same, underneath.
19, Larvaof Calepteryx. 20. Larvaof Aishna, 21. Larva of Libellula.

.—Fig. 1. Upper wing of Agrion puella. 2. Upper wing of Libellula de-

pressa. 3. Principal nervures of the upper wing of Agrion. 4. Of the
upper wing of Calepteryx. 5. Of Aishna. 6. Of the under wing of
fishna. 7. Of the upper wing of Libellula. 8. Of the under wing of
Libellula.

3:—AGRION rubellum: Vander Line flat a0 cadiieenes cece ns sess 13

XAMMHOP LEC SCEPHENS arena eens sini eerctsisteyaists aie! s\e/ore) ete 21 =
elegans, Vander Lin. 3,4. 7. .2..). .dgslo pales SO ac OLE
ezondtium. Stephisy ene) -seeeieus aisle de>
UUM ss av AU Seg One -pariaiseyek ood at atelel «lait s) ots tliatsiaetatehsi sfc ele! eforel <
MANA MASS Ce ooopad Hendin ide pelo ae iLAeicor eomace
FUTCAM IN We Dale lss ds) accel sia'sa ghveisFatee vetiem relate sueal ti cierctess
lunulatuimne, Chany: os 4e0 oe cies cota anata sisahetsi a ersivys selene. « 1S
hastulatum. Charp. 5, 6, ......

ee a ey

Gyathigerum=, Charpy 72 y ton ride lave la salareate ails (shots! ecotevel =
RUN Cals: Es VTiSts Somes are aphtetele oie cietsiain Usits Se mae eterdnls ce alaiers
ATITIUIAT Es PsCaa der) ae crcvertya cietetere, eaiera Cinrmins ota siete’ S win aniercrel aioe

pufescens., Lea. 2. | snk. a Naya cy choleteloTacctenate wieiaisis’a,aseverale

PYRRHOSOMACniminm. Charpy Syifenc «ccc, saree ele gcse via cise 16

6

page
Oy) LOU MS HOMIN UN riiih gn est) 7a onoaeaecdocd so00K000 500 sacod ME
(Chioridion. sCharp. 16. tie, o2icc1c 5 cis lclers ale DOHODOC
TSCHINGIVApumilio- Charpla7.aeeseeenen ice ance sooanoce ty
6: BEATYCNEMIS)platypoda. Vander Lins 172) Wiecee sim cielo cs eee 5
LES TESivinidis: \Vjandersino. sehen eee nice eee a6
foreipnla eC harpeas swell ekelnoralster ter ee teietete Sodounancoe IS
(oe CALE PIER YXeVALPO. maine tlie: Pte mete ek iy en caer BoA
udowvicianaseleatis Hier. ata. chattel titan oer 19
8. Mudoviciana. Leas Uae a. ck <a aieecactcis patho cle .
hoemorrhoidalist) Vander in: 42513.) see soe see eel
9. anceps. iStephs Whats. .icichenssmie ce era stecs DAgoOtoAoK
ANAX formosa. Vander Lin. 2............... A nictopeieciseaa iota tors 20
LOE SEINA Wrufescens! aViandersLin. algonen kris th etnies see etree
prandis:WUin: 42: tho. ReaL ei. pacha de wee abel sbiin ete steels
ite maculatissima. Latr. 1. ....... BIOLES. de Ghat came pol soron® 21
Huncea. elin. 2.75... .0 sHadobdons’. ces ecces coeers eocace
12. mixta. WIcAtr pel. oes ee eyatere tee teinte mfataratajeteraiealcterctetets atslaynnttet ens
affinis. aViander Min. 224i. viele lois IPOS. 64:95. 9 vad 22
13; (BRACHY TRON yernalis: Vandertin, 9. 2-2. eee soe eieet ais
CORDULEGASTER annulatus. Latr. 2............ SALAH gb. GosOe
ia SAGOMPHUS vulgatissimus. Uatreel. a. ct.) ernie net eestor 23
HEN plots CUCi eh PE Saeco onigo ocdo0 cigadoudd Toten
CORD UTLTAtenea, lin SH. dee yen isis sielels anette, ee Aa 24
15. metallica. Vander Lin. 1...... a latedinarchate ate eer Maimeie sides
Curtisii; Dale wD) oe bss Se ie eats ore ite Reet notes
16. LIBELLULA depressa. Lint 2. 2.2.26. 02 os S50GHo edobooouane 25
CONSPUTCALA MED: WON « siilelsie otelntciomielsinietaie ote ceccce
Wf quadramaculatanwtin yl teteclekeeleimetclslial-feleleloie sisters cysts
AeA OVE MME Auth. e qhododae (oao ohelodadsous co 26
Geinajlbien, IG Se pnogsadodod@ooucccdc dopo nonD agDe
18, cancellata, alan len ene crits eueveioe tiers S3OG SOdH OOS ale
COOENIESCENS Haba yo, iene te eotelesteieretakelelele eiateterslaiei-
VOSEDIPLAX iScotica pear cl eeu wr: mich ceeleaic hve Clatlalteletape ctor ctaterstare 27
rufostigma. Newm. 3,4. -.esee......00ee oa ysonodoOe :
20. pallidistigma. Steph. l............ 5b0dd osbo545d00n0d6
ANSUSHIPeANIS MStep hes. whee eels olelete lolol Metetatetetelele) oie Bone
VALS tae ALIN. Nee) tall fale ejole.s ni-ieteiel slalelelsfetaiwtelevalelol= istelalstels
21. basalissastephaiil, ccc ety. nao oAG Suc hoadhbaacodaac 28

Haveolas lin: WO.) A). cic wiele wishes tecketeretalelerelalnielatarciobeletaiekersinys
mubicunda. Schet, 13... e165 POST. ate CRO Taine Lea teas

PREFACE.

In putting forward this little Work to the notice of his Ento-
mological brethren, and to those, whose love for the wonderful
works of the Creation has induced them to look into the
beauties of the Insect world, the author has been encouraged
by the oft-repeated assurance of many Entomologists of the
present and former times—that one good figure of an Insect

is better than the most elaborate description by itself.

The truth of the above assertion has been much vindicated
by the increased number of works which have of late appeared,
containing the most beautifully executed figures yet presented
to the world; and it is therefore in the hope, that a figure of
each of the known species of the Libellulinee of Great Britain
(one of the most interesting sections of this much neglected
order of Insects) may not prove unacceptable, that he has
thus employed his leisure hours, all having been drawn and
coloured by the author with the greatest care from the
Insects themselves.’ At the same time, he has been desirous
of presenting them in a form accessible to those who might
not be enabled to possess themselves of the more expensive
and voluminous works of such Entomologists who have al-
ready described some of the Insects herein figured which are
not novelties.

Wie Ee i

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oa Ok spo Te otal) oF Aivty cok bink Coogotane hes
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1 eosin at ue aul Gora gar ash % sind

+ ea arty a NASR CHilng 9 aan BRR Sam

Pa ‘ona

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. 2s My ae aseas pia ita Say a Ville es

iy" 5 iy xd tad e if Mat apy Paras 3 :

May bee lorynets Apo rn ha Sato WANE cL aang

| Slee ith rte aay, ae pr ‘ume ‘oyliitay, ‘oat: eo vero ee
in My vias Ree ery aah west | ‘nine uth tae Liason s

a 4 Leb ti Pie ome oH at ee Lstigretek ae ,

ae

Orver,—_NEUROPTERA.

SecTion,—LIBELLULINA. Mac Lemay.

This section of the order Neuroptera, contains some of our
largest British Insects, and embraces a variety of species differing
not only in the elegance of their form, but also in the beautiful
colouring both of the wings and body.

The Heaps of these Insects, which assume either a spherical or a
triangular shape, are large, and are provided with two compound
eyes, which occupy nearly the whole exterior surface ; and are said
to contain, by Leeuwenhoek, more than 12,000, and by Dr. Hooke,
14,000 lenses ineach. (PI. 1, 7.1.)

The ANTENN are short, and are placed between the eyes (pi. 1.
Jf. 2, 3, 4) ; the Mandibles are strong and dentated (pl.1, f. 5).

They have four large wines (pi. 2.) composed of a glassy sub-
stance spread on nervures through which circulation takes place, and
their Boptgs are long, either cylindrical as in Agrion, or flattened,
as in Libellula; terminating in the males, in forcipated or Jamel-
lated appendages. (PJ. 1, 7. 9, 10, 11, 12.)

Mons. Poupart, in the Philosophical Transactions, states, that
the Insect is greatly assisted in its flight by its body being formed of
separate rings, and that they act similarly to the tail of birds.—
Phii. Trans., 1700. Vol. 22, p. 519.

The Leas are six in number, and the Tarsi three-jointed. (PJ. 1,
Fa lo, 14s To.)

B

10

The sexual organs of the male are contained in the ninth seg-
ment or ring of the body, (pl. 1, f. 10, 12a) whilst those of the
female are in the last.

These insects may often be seen flitting together over ponds, in
the form of a loop; for the male, after hovering about the female,
seizes her by the neck with the appendages terminating his ab-
domen, and by the apparatus at the base of it, (p/. 1, 7. 16) whilst
the female bends her body upwards and round; and from the pecu-
liar position, it was generally believed that this was their usual
mode of conexion;* but Dr. Herman Burmeister states, that it
‘is merely an expression of mutual inclination,” and that “ the
males fly at sitting females and rapidly copulate with them, like
the flies,’”’+ which fact has been confirmed by other observers.

The habits of these interesting insects are but little known, but
the females, which are usually smaller than the males, deposit their
eggs in the water; and, according to the account given by Mr.
Patterson,t the females descend some inches below the surface and
deposit them.

The Larva (pl. 1, f 19, 20, 21) somewhat resemble the perfect
insects and live for about a twelvemonth entirely in the water,
generally crawling at the bottom or on plants, and feeding with
great voracity on other aquatic insects, and even on animals and
small fish, || for the capture of which they are wonderfully provided
with a singular spoon-shaped apparatus (pl. 1, 7 18, 20) in lieu of
a lower lip, which, when not extended, covers the face of the insect
like a mask, but is capable of being extended and unfolded with
the greatest rapidity, the prey being seized with the pincers of the
upper part.

The Larve of Ashna and Libellula breathe through branchiz
situated in the colon, through which water is imbibed and rejected
with bubbles of air; and they are also thus much assisted, if they
do not entirely swim by this means, as their legs are then laid close
to their sides, and they move at intervals. (Pl. 1, f. 17.)

Mons. Poupart, although he states this action was like breathing,
imagined that it was a process of cleansing ; for he says, ‘‘ When
the young larve is ready to quit its case, it dilates its belly that the
water may enter, then it compresses itself to circulate the water,
which it expresses and shoots out a great way. -

“ It continues this action with great force for sometime * * * *
which may be compared to breathing * * * *
‘¢ My opinion is, that the animal does this in order to cleanse its

* See Philos. Trans., vol. 47, p. 4.
+ Mannal of Entomology. Translated from the German by Shuckard,
London ; 1836. p. 218.

{ Natural History of Insects, mentioned in Shakspear.
p. 237.
|| Ib. p. 232.

11

body from all excrements, in that element where it leaves its old
robes to appear in a more glorious and new form in the open air.”

And he continues by supposing “‘ that cleansing themselves they
are sooner able to escape from their case, which they are not longer
than half-a-day in quitting.”’*

In the Philosophical Transactions for 1749, the following very
interesting account of the habits and mode of escape from their case
of a species of Libellula found in Pennsylvania, is given by Peter
Collinson, Esq., F.R.S. &c.:—he states, that ‘‘ about the beginning
of May, they creep out of the water and fix themselves on the
shrubs and rushes. In this situation they continue but a few
hours, before their back splits open, and from this deformed case
creeps out a beautiful fly with shining, transparent wings. At its
first appearance, there is only what one may call the rudiments of
wings; but it is a most entertaining sight to observe how they shoot
out and expand themselves, thus in less than an hour, they have
attained their complete dimensions. During all this operation, the
creatures are immoveable, and so continue till their wings are dry,
and then they fly swiftly away, roving about the sides of ponds and
rivers seeking their food. Being insects of prey they are very
voracious, and, like the hawks among birds, are very swift of flight
and nimbly secure their prey, which is mostly flies and small green
grasshoppers. In cloudy weather they are rarely to be seen.”—
Phil. Trans., vol. 47, p. 4.

This account is confirmed by Mr. Bartram, who observes that
the Libellulz of America, have no remarkable difference from
ours; and further adds, ‘‘ that they live all the year a water
insect,’—that “ their bodies being filled with an oily matter, they
easily quit their husks ;” and mentions that “ the second day after
leaving their aquatic abode they cast another skin, after which their
tails are longer, and their wings drier and more transparent.’’—
Phil. Trans., 1750, vol. 47, p. 28.

The Nympus on issuing from the water, climb up the stems of
plants, and splitting open their cases over the thorax the perfect
insects work themselves out by degrees; at first they are quite
limp and moist, but gradually their wings expand and harden, and
taking flight, they appear to revel in their novel existence, and
proud of their sylph-like wings, fly up and down streams, or
hover over ponds, driving away all trespassers; occasionally resting
on posts or plants and feeding on the unfortunate butterflies or
other insects which may have been unlucky enough to fall victims
to the voracity of Les Demoiselles.

Their power of flight is very great; they may often be seen an
immense height in the air, and can fly in all directions, turning
about with great rapidity; and an instance is recorded of a speci-
men of Atshna having been captured more than six hundred miles
out at sea, in a direct line from land.t

* Phil. Trans., vol. 22, p. 519.
+ Mr. Newport’s Address to Ent. Soc., 10th Feb, 1845, p. 12.

12

It is stated by Mr. Patterson that some of these insects appear to
be attracted by particular colours.*

They have also been observed to migrate in large bodies.t+

Meinecken states (Naturforsch, 6, 110), that he saw in a village
in Anholt, ona clear day about four in the afternoon, such a cloud
of dragon flies as almost concealed the sun, and caused great alarm
to the villagers who were impressed with the idea that they were a
swarm of locusts.

They have also been observed in Silesia; and mention is made in
Kirby and Spence of Mr. Woolnough, of Hollesley in Suffolk, wit-
nessing “such an army of the smaller dragon flies (Agrionidz)
flying inland from the sea, as to cast a slight shadow over a field of
four acres as they passed.+

Species of Calepteryx and Agrions may often be captured with
the fingers in great numbers in the evening asleep, on rushes and
aquatic plants by the margin of ponds, &c.

Having thus far attempted a slight description of the habits and
peculiarity of this most beautiful and interesting class of insects,
it only now remains to give the name and a brief description of
each of the species figured which will be very concise, inas-
much as it has not been thought advisable to comprehend within
the compass of this work those amplified and extensive descrip-
tions which are accessible to all such as will consult the works
of Charpentier, Vander Linden, and Stephens.

* Nat. Hist. Ins. mentioned in Shakspear, p. 234.

+ Kirby and Spence’s Int. to Ent, vol. 2, p.10; and Journal of the Pro-
ceedings of the Ent. Soc. of London, 7 Dec. 1835, p. 81.

{ Kirby and Spence’s Int. to Ent., vol. 2, p. 10.

This Section of Insects may be divided into two families —
Acrionipa. Leach. Wings erect when at rest.

LisELLuLIL&. Leach. Wings horizontal when at rest.

AGRIONIDE. Leacu.
Acrion. Fabricius.

Named from aypvos—fierce or wild, in allusion to their habits.
Stigma rhomboidal.

The sexes of this genus differ much in colour, the males being
generally brighter.

AGRION rubellum. Vander Linden. Plate 3, fig. 1. of

Figured in Stephen’s Illust. of Brit. Ent. Vol. 6, pl. 29, f. 4.9
Curtis. PJ. 732. of

SyYNONYME tenellum. Vill.

This beautiful species measures, in length of body, from 14 to 15
lines.

Expanse of wings, from 17 to 18 lines.

It is usually found in June, and has been captured in the New
Forest, at Weybridge, and occasionally near London.

The female has the abdomen partly black.

A. xanthopterum. Stephens. Plate 3, fig. 2.
Length of body, from 15 to 16 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 19 to 20 lines.

It has been captured during June near London.

This figure is from a specimen in the cabinet of James F. Stephens,
Esq., to whom I am much indebted for many specimens of the
ace here figured, and for much assistance towards this under-
taking.

A. elegans. Vander Lin. Plate 3, fig. 3, 9 fig. 4.2
Figured as tuberculatum. Charp. Tab. 38, f. 2.
SyNONYME ezonatum. Leach,

Length of body, 15 to 16 lines,

Expanse of wings, 17 to 18 lines.

14

This species appears to be common during June and July round
London, in Kent, and other parts of the Country.

The Stigma on the wings of this species is only partly dark.

The female has the abdomen stouter than the male, with not so
much blue on it, and the last segment without the tubercles.

A. ezonatum. Steph. Plate 3, fig. 5.2
Length of body, from 14 to 15 lines.
Expanse of wings, 18 to 19 lines.

The upper edge of the wings of this species is coloured, and the
stigma is pale.

A.rubens. Plate 3, fig. 6.
Length of body, from 13 to 14 lines.
Expanse of wings, 17 to 18 lines.

This insect was found in Battersea Fields in July, 1844, and ap-
pears to be a very distinct species.

A. Puella. Linneeus. Plate 3, fig. 7, 0 fig. 8.2

Figured as lucifugum. Harr. Exp. of Eng. Ins., pl. 29, f. 5,6.
interruptum. Charp. Tab. 40.
Barbut Genera Insectorum. 208 pl. 11

“SynonyME pulchella. Vander Lin.
Length of body, from 15 to 17 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 19 to 20 lines.

This species occurs rather plentifully during June, about London
and elsewhere ; it is rather variable in colour, some specimens
being much brighter than others.

A. furcatum. Charpentier. Plate 4, f. 1, co 2.9
Figured in Charp. Tab. 40.
SYNONYMES cingulatum. Steph.
puella. Vander Lin.
Length of body, from 15 to 16 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 18 to 19 lines,
This insect is found rather abundantly during June and July
round London, and elsewhere.

The wings of this species are narrower than those of Puella, from
which it also differs in the marking of the last segment of the body.
The head also, appears to be smaller.

15

A. lunulatum. Charp. Plate 4, fig. 3, 3 4.9
Figured in Charp. Tab. 41, fig. 2.

Length of body, 15 to 16 lines.

Expanse of wings, 18 to 19 lines.

This species may be known by the marking on the last segment
of the body. It was taken in Battersea Fields during July last.

A. hastulatum. Charp. Plate 4, jig. 5, 7 6.2
Figured in Charp. Tab. 41,f. 1.

Length of body from 15 to 17 lines.

Expanse of wings, from 18 to 20 lines.

Found during June, near London, and in Kent.

A. Cyathigerum. Charp. Plate 4, fig.7. 9
Figured in Charp. Tad, 22, f. 1.

Length of body—16 to 18 lines.

Expanse of wings 20 to 21 lines,

This species was found towards the end of July, 1844, in Batter-
sea Fields.

The Female is much darker than the male,

A. brunnea. Plate 4, fig. 8.
Length of body—15 to 16 lines.
Expanse of wings—20 to 21 lines.

This species was found in Battersea Fields during July 1844.
The wings are narrow, and particularly acute at the end, and
the nervures are irregular.

A. annulare. Leach. Plate 5, fig. 1.9

Figured as zreum in Harr. Exp. of Engl. Ins., pl. 29, jigs. 3, 4.
Length of body, from 16 to 17 lines.

Expanse of wings, from 19 to 20 lines.

This species is found during June round London.

A. rufescens. Leach. Plate 5, fig.2. of
SyNoNyME fusca. Vander Lin.

Length of body, from 15 to 16 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 20 to 21 lines.

Found during June, in the neighbourhood of London, and else-
where.

The Female is stouter at the apex of the abdomen.

16

Pyrrnosoma. Charpentier.

Named from zvufpos red, and cwsa body, the colours of both
sexes being generally red.

The hairs on the insects of this genus are Jonger than in the pre-
ceding; they are also of a larger size, and the cross nervures of
the wings are straiter, and not so close.

Pyrruosoma minium. Charp. Plate 5, fig. 3, 97 4.2
Figured in Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins, pl. 29, f. 1, 2.
Donovon. Brit. Ins. Vél. isp. Os 7.02.
Charp. Tab. 36, f. 2.
as nymphula.o Sulz Hist. Ins. Tab. 24, f. 5.
puella. Barb. Gen. Ins. 208, p. 11.
SyNnonyMEs puella var. 6. Lin.
Sanguineum. Lea.
Sanguinea. Vander Lin.
Length of body, from 16 to 17 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 20 to 23 lines.

This species is found abundantly during June round London, in
Kent, Yorkshire, Devonshire, and other parts of the country.

It varies much in its markings and brightness of colour.

ErytTHromMa. Charpentier.

Named from é¢pu@pos red and ona eyes, in allusion to the colour
of their eyes whilst alive.

ErYTHROMMA fulvipes. Stephens. Plate 5, fig. 5.2

Length of body, about 17 lines.

Expanse of wings, about 24 lines.

This appears to be an uncommon species, but has been taken
during June, at Coombe Wood, and at Ripley.

The figure is taken from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ Cabinet.
E. Chloridion. Charp. Plate 5, fig. 6.9
Figured in Charp. Tab. 37.
Roesel 2 aquat. Zab. 11,f.6.c0
Schef. Icon. Zab. 121,f. 4, 0° 5 2.
SynonyMeE. Lincolniense. Steph.
Length of body—163 lines.
Expanse of wings—23 lines.
This species is stated by Mr, Stephens, in his “ Illustrations of

of British Entomology,” to be found during June in Lincolnshire ;
and is figured from a specimen in his cabinet.

17
The male is much darker in the body than the female, and has

the eyes red, and the legs black.

The areolets of the wings appear to be much larger than in any
other of the Insects of this family.

IscunuRA. Charpentier.

Named from coyvos slender, and ovpa form, in allusion to the
peculiar shape of the body, from which the genus is founded.

IscHNuRA pumilio. Charp. "Plate 5, fig. 7. 0
Figured in Charp. Tab. 39.

Length of body—13 lines.

Expanse of wings—15 lines.

This singular species has recently been captured near Cambridge,
and is figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ Collection.

The under part of the body is of a light grey colour.

The female is marked with orange colour, according to the figure
in Mons, Charpentier’s beautiful work on these insects.

PLATYCNEmis. Charpentier.

Derived from zAazve flat and «vyuce leg, in allusion to the dilated
tibize which clearly distinguish this genus from the precediug ones.

PLATYCNEMIS platypoda. Vander Lin. plate 6, fig. 1 o& 2. 2
Figured as lacteum. Charp. Tab. 43, f. 2.
Synonyms albicans and corea. Lea.
puella var. Fab.
albidellum var. Vill
Length of body, from 16 to 17 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 22 to 24 lines.

This pretty insect may readily be distinguished by its flattened
tibiz ; and is found during July in Kent, at Ripley, in the New
Forest, in Devonshire, and various other parts of the country.

The Female is figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ col-
lection.

LestTEs. Leach.

Named from Ays7js, a robber, in allusion to the predatory
habits of these insects.
Stigma oblong, and rather large.

Lesves viridis. Vander Linden. plate 6, fig. 3.0
Figured as virens. Charp. Z ab, 34, f. 3, 4.
c

18

SyNoNyYMES sponsa. Kir.

Puella var a. Lin.
Length of body, from 17 to 18 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 20 to 21 lines,

This species occurs during June aud July in Kent; and is also
stated to be found in the New Forest, at Wanstead in Essex, and in
Suffolk.

L. nympha. Kirby. Appears to be a dark variety of the preced-
ing species, differing from it in having the legs of a redder colour,
and the stigma black.

L. forcipula. Charp. plate 6, fig. 4. 0
Figuredin Charp. Tab. 34, f. 1, 2.
SyNonyYME antumnalis. Lea.

Length of body, from 153 to 19 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 18 to 22 lines.

This insect is found rather commonly during Autumn in the
Marshes of Essex, in the New Forest, and occasionally in Battersea
Fields, at which last place the specimen here figured (a remarkably
small one) was captured in the middle of September, 1843.

CALEPTERYX. Leach.

Named from «aXos beautiful, and zrepov a wing.
Areolets of the wings very close.

The males have no stigma, and the anal forceps large. The
Females have the stigma white.

CaLePTeRyx virgo. Lin. plate 7, fig. 1, 7 2.9
Figured Panz. Faun. Germ. fase. 79 Tab. 17 &
Petagna, tome 2, Zab. 6, f. 3.

Scheef. Icon. Tab. 48, f. 3. 0

Reesel. vol. 2 aquat. Zab. 97.7. c

as Parthenias. Charp. Zab. 33.

splendeo. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins., pl. 30, f 1."
Length of body, from 21 to 22 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 27 to 31 lines.

This species is found commonly about June round London,
(especially in the Hackney Marshes) and elsewhere.

The male appears to be the more abundant; and varies con-
siderably in the dark band across the wings, which, in some
specimens, forms only a faint round mark. The wings of the female
are yellowish.

19

C. Ludoviciana. Leach. plate 7, fig. 3. 7 plate 8, fig.1 9
Figured as virgo. Barb. Gen. Ins. 207 p. 11.

virgo. Don. vol. IL., pl. 36 f. 1.

virgo. Charp. Jab. 31.

splendens. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 30, f. 2, 3.
SYNONYME virgo. var. d. Lin.
Length of body, from 22 to 23 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 29 to 33 lines.

This species, which may readily be distinguished from the pre-
ceding one, by the wings being longer and narrower, and those of
the female being greenish, is equally abundant round London and
elsewhere.

C. hcemorrhoidalis. Vander Lin. plate 8, fig. 2 07 3. &
SynonyME xanthostoma. Charp.

Length of body, from 22 to 23 lines.

Expanse of wings, from 29 to 33 lines.

This insect was found in abundance during July, 1843, by the
margin of a small stream near Blean Wood, Canterbury; and has
also been captured near Horsham, Sussex.

It may readily be known from the preceding species by the male
having the whole of the wings, except at the base, dark, and the
female having the under wings of a much darker brownish or
yellowish tinge than the upper ones. Both sexes, however, vary
much in the depth of the colouring of their wings.

It also, like the preceding species, has the wings narrow and long.
The base of the abdomen and breast underneath, are rufescent.
C. anceps. Stephens. plate 9, fig.1. 0
Figured as vesta. Charp. Zab. 32.0
splendeo. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins., pl. 30, 4. %
Length of body, from 20 to 24 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 29 to 33 lines.

This species, which has been found during June near Canterbury,
at Lindfield, Sussex, and elsewhere, may readily be distinguished
by the very close texture of the wings and somewhat different
neuration; and it is also a smaller insect than the preceding
species.

LIBELLULID. Leach.
Head, globular.
Anax. Leach,
Stigma long.
Wings very long and narrow.

20

ANAX formosa, Vander Lin. plate 9, fig. 2.9

Figured in Ann. de la Soc. Ent. Tom. 17. Zab. 5, f. 1. co
as azurea. Charp. Tab. 17, 0 Tab. 45.9

SyNnonyME Imperator. Lea.

Length of body, from 3 inches to 3}.

Expanse of wings, from 4 inches to 44.

This handsome insect is not uncommon during the months of
June and July in many neighbourhoods round London, and at
Herne, Kent.

The female has the abdomen fuscous at the base.

AesHNA. Fabricius.

Derivation of this name obscure.
Stigma oblong—wings broad.

fsuna rufescens. Vander Lin. plate 10, fig. 1. o
SynonyMeE Dali. Leach.

Length of body, from 2 inches 3, to 2 inches 7 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 3 inches to 4 inches 8 lines.

This species is figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ cabinet,
and is stated to be common at Yarmouth, and Whittlesea Mere,
and to be occasionally found near London.

It may readily be known by the accessory membrane of the
wings being dark.
fE. grandis. Lin. plate 10, fig. 2.c%
Figured in Charp. Zab. 24.
Burton’s Lect. on Ent.
Donovan. vol. 10, pl. 337. fi 2.
Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. Zab. 12,f. 1.
Reesel. vol. 2. aquat. Zab. 4, f. 13, 14.
Schef. Icon. Zab. 60, f. 1, % Tab. 3, f. 4.

SyNONYME flavipennis.
De Geer. Tome 2. Tab. 20, fc
4 fasciata. Mull.
Length of body, 2 inches 7 to 2 inches 9 lines.
Expanse of wings, 3 inches 10 to 4 inches.

This fine insect is common during summer and autumn about
London, in Kent, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Lincolnshire, and
Devonshire.

The wings of the female are generally of a deeper yellow; and
the inner margin of the hinder ones are rounded.

21

CE. maculatissima. Latreille. plate 11, fig. 1. o

Figured as varia. Shaw’s Zoology, vol. VI., 242, pl. 80.
varia. Wakefield’s Intro, Nat. Hist. Ins. pl. 10, f. 1.
grandis. Barb. Gen. Ins. 206, pl. 11.

Don, vol. V., 77, pl. 166.
var, as anguis. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 23, f. 4.
picta. Charp. Tab. 20.

SYNONYME cenea. Sulz.
viatica. Lea,

Length of body, 2 inches 9 lines to 3 inches.

Expanse of wings, 3 inches 6 to 3 inches 8 lines.

This handsome species is not uncommon during the Autumn in
the neighbourhood of London, in the New Forest, in Kent, Sussex,
and Devonshire. The specimens figured were taken in Ridgway
Wood, near Herne, Kent, where the species was rather abundant.

When alive the colours of the body are very brilliant.
The female has the inner margin of the hinder wings rounded.

CE. juncea. Lin. plate 11, fig. 2. co
Figured as grandis. Petagna. tome II., Tab. 6, f. 2. 0
Charp. Tab. 23.
Roesel. vol. II. aquat. Tab. 2, f. 1, 2, var.
Schaeff Icon. Tab. 6, f. 10. &
SyNONYME rubicunda. Oliv.
Length of body, 2 inches 8 to 2 inches 9 lines.
Expanse of wings, 3 inches 2 to 3 inches 3 lines.

This insect is figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ cabinet,
and is stated by him to be found during July in Whittlesea Mere.

CE. mixta. Latr. plate 12, fig. 1. 2
Figured in Charp. Tab. 19.
as coluberculus. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 27, f. 1. o
SYNONYME anglicana. Lea.
Length of body, 2 inches 8 to 2 inches 9 lines.
Expanse of wings, 3 inches 2 to 3 inches 5 lines.

Figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ collection, and stated
by him to be found occasionally about London, and in Essex.

The female has the eyes green; also the spots on the abdomen.

yy)
dad

(E. affinis. Vander Lin. plate 12, fig. 2. o
Figured in Charp. Tab. 18.
Ann. de la Soc. Ent. tome VIII., Tab. 4, f. 1, 2.
Length of body, 2 inches 6 lines.
Expanse of wings, 3 inches 2 lines.

This species is stated by Mr. Stephens to be of rare occurrence,
but that it has been captured during July at Deptford and Hertford.

BRACHYTRON.

Named from Agzyuvw, to abbreviate, 4 790v, abdomen, in allusion
to its being short and stout; which, together with the different
shape of its wings, and the pilose body, has induced me to sepa-
rate it from C&shna.

BRACHYTRON vernalis. Vander Lin. plate 13, fig. 1. o
Figured as pilosa. Charp. Yad. 21.
Ann. de la Soc. Ent. tome VII., Tab. 5, f. 2. @
var, as aspis. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 27, f. 3.
Length of body, 2 inches to 2 inches 3 lines.
Expanse of wings, 2 inches 8 lines to 3 inches.

This species is found in the neighbourhood of London, at Hert-
ford, and near Herne, Kent, during the month of June.

It appears to be rather variable as regards the brightness of the
markings on the body.

The female has the wings yellow, and the thorax brown, and
without the green marks thereon, which characterize the male.

CoRDULEGASTER. Leach.

Derived from KogdvAy, a club, and yaorye, belly, in reference
to the form of the body.

Wings short and narrow.

CoRDULEGASTER annulatus. Latr. plate 13, fig. 2. @
Figured as forcipata. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 23, f. 3
as Boltoni. Don. 12, pl. 430.
as lunulata, Charp. Tab. 26.
S¥YNONYME grandis. Scop.
Length of the body, 2 inches 8 lines to 3 inches.
Expanse of wings, 3 inches 4 to 3 inches 8 lines.

25

This fine insect is found during July, generally distributed
throughout Great Britain, and is, I understand, plentiful in the New
Forest.

The female differs in having the inner margin of the hinder wings
rounded.

Gompuus. Leach.

Derived from youwQog, a wedge, probably in allusion to the shape
of the apex of the abdomen.

Eyes far apart.

GomPHus yulgatissimus, Lin. plate 14, fig. 1. o
Figured as forcipatus. Don. 12, pl. 423.
forcipata. Charp. Tab. 28.
Schaeff. Icon. Tab. 160, f.1.
Sulz. Tab. 35, f. 10. ot
Roesel. vol. II. aquat. Tab. 5, f. 3. °
Panz. Faun Germ. fasc. 88, Tab. 21. &
Length of body, 1 inch 9 to 1] inch 11 lines.
Expanse of wings, 2 inches 5 to 2 inches 6 lines.

This handsome species is stated by Mr. Stephens to be found
during July and August in Kent, and round London.

The female has the caudal appendage very short.

G. flavipes. Charp. plate 14, fig. 2. o
Figured in Steph. Illus. Brit. Ent. vol. VI., pl. 30, f 1.

Charp. Tab. 29.
SynonyMeE pulchellus. Steph.

forcipatus. var. b. Vander Lin.

Length of body, 1 inch 10 lines.
Expanse of wings, 2 inches 6 lines.
This beautiful and rare insect was captured by Mr. Stephens near

Hastings, in August, 1818, and is figured from a specimen in his
cabinet.

Corputia. Leach.

Name derived from KogdvAy, a club, in allusion to the shape
of the body.

Metallic—Legs rather long.

24

CorpDuLIA enea. Lin. plate 14, fig. 3. co
Figured in Schaeff. Icon. Tab. 167, 7.4. 2 Tab. 182, f. 1.
Panz. Faun Germ. fasc. 88, Tab. 20.
Charp. Tab. 14.
De Geer. tome I].,)7ab. 19, fF. 8, 9.
Roesel. tome II., Zab. 5, f. 2.
Don. 12, pl. 415.
Sow. Brit. Misc. vol. L., pl. 47.
Length of body, from 1 inch 10 lines to 2 inches.
Expanse of wings, from 2 inches 8 to 2 inches 10 lines.
The species occurs in the neighbourhood of London about June.
The female may be known by the wings being yellowish.

C. metallica, Vander Lin. Plate 15. fig. 1. &
Figured as cnea in Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 27, f. 2.
Schaeff. Icon. Tab. 113, f. 4. co
Charp. Tab. 15.
Length of body, 1 inch 1] lines.
Expanse of wings, 2 inches 9 to 2 inches 10 lines.

This insect is stated by Mr. Stephens to occur, though rarely,
during June round London, and is figured from a specimen in his
cabinet.

The female has the wings yellowish, and the body of a uniform
stoutness.

C. Curtisii. Dale. Plate 15, fig. 2, & 3. ?
Figured in Curtis. pl. 616. @

as flavomaculata. Charp. Tab. 16.
SYNONYME compressa. Steph.
Length of body, 2 inches to 2 inches 2 lines.
Expanse of wings, 2 inches 10 lines to 3 inches.

The figures of this beautiful insect are from specimens in Mr.
Stephens’ cabinet; and the species is stated to occur near Brocken-
hurst, New Forest, during the months of June and July.

C. Alpestris. Has recently been captured in Scotland, but I
regret to say that J am unable to give a figure of it.

LISELLULA auctorum.

Formerly called Libella, derivation of the name obscure.

25

LIBELLULA depressa. Lin. Plate 16, fig. 1, 2. ?
Figured Harr. Aur. pl. 26.
Don. vol. I., pl. 26, 2 vol. III., pl. 81, o& vol. IL, pi.
44, larve
Schaeff. Icon. Tab. 106, f. 1, o Tab. 52, f.1. 2
Panz. Faun. fasc. 89, Zab. 22. o
Charp. Tab. 4.
Reaum. tome VI., Zab. 35, f. 2,c0' f. 1. 2
Resel. vol. 2 aquat. Tab. 7, f. 3. o
Geoffr. tome II., Zab. 13.
Petagna. tome II., Zab. 6, f. 1.
Length of body, from 1 inch 8 to 1 inch 10 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 2 inches 10 lines to 3 inches.

This species is very common during Summer round London, in
Sussex, Kent, and indeed appears to be generally distributed.

L. conspurcata. Fab. Plate 16, fig. 3.
Figured in Sow. Brit. Misc. vol. I, pl. 46.
Charp. Tab. 2.
as 4 fasciata. Don. 12, pl. 425.
fugax. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins., pl. 46, f. 2.
Length of body, from 1 inch 7 to 1 inch 9 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 2 inches 7 to 2 inches 9 lines.
The wings of this species vary, in being sometimes yellowish, and
in haying the tips of them clear or dark.
It is found during June round London, near Herne Bay, in Kent
and at other places.
In the male the abdomen is not so stout, the anal appendages are
longer, and the tips of the wings are lighter.
L. 4 maculata. Lin. plate 17, fig. 1.0
Figured in Charp. Tad. 3.
Barbut. Gen. Ins. 207, pl. 11.
Don. 11. pl. 407.
Samouelle’s Useful Comp. pl. 7, f. 1.
as maculata. Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 46, f. 1.
De Villers. Tab. 46, f. 1.
var. Scheff. Icon, Ratisb. Tab. 2, f. 13.
Panz. fasc. 88, Tab. 19. @
Length of body, 1 inch 10 lines to 2 inches.

Expanse of wings, 2 inches 10 lines to 3 inches.
D

26

This species, which is found during June and July in Kent,
Essex, and elsewhere, varies much in the costal spots on the wings,
which in some specimens are of a very faint colour and small.

The body of the female is stouter than that of the male, and has
the marginal spots larger.

L. 2 maculata. Charp. Appears to be a variety of the preceding
species ; from which it differs in the wings being without the dark
costal mark, and in having more dark marks on the body.

L. prenubila. Newman. plate 17, fig. 2. &

Length of body, about 2 inches.

Expanse of wings, about 3 inches 2 lines.

This Insect is considered by some as a large and dark variety of
the preceding species.

Tt is found near Epping, Godalming, and in Cambridgeshire, early
in July, and is figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ Cabinet.

L. cancellata. Lin. plate 17, fig. 3, 0 plate 18, fig. 1. &
Figured in Don. 14, pl. 472.
Kirby and Spence, Int. to Ent. vol. I., pl. 3, f. 5.
Scheff. Icon. Tab. 206, f. 3. a
Charp. Zab. 5.
Length of body, 1 inch 10 lines.
Expanse of wings, 3 inches 1 to 3 inches 2 lines.

This insect is figured from specimens in Mr. Stephens’ cabinet,
who states that the species is found during June in Kent and
elsewhere.

LL. cerulescens. Fab. plate 18, fig.2, 7% 3. °
SyNonyYME Donovani. Lea.
Figured as biguttata. Don. 13, pl. 449.
Charp. Tad. 6.
Scheff. Icon. Tab. 206, f. 1, 2, & Tab.174,f. 1. 2
Ann. de la Soc. Ent. tome VI., Tab. 5, 6.

This pretty species is figured from specimens in Mr. Stephens’
collection.

The insect generally occurs in June, and is found in the neigh-
bourhood of London.

DirxLax Charp.

Name derived from éi¢, smooth, and mAwz, surface, or place,
in allusion to the prothorax.

a7

This Genus is formed from the peculiar form of the prothorax.
The general appearance of the insects seems to point out that they
should be divided from the preceding species.

Drpnax Scorica. Leach. plate 19, fig.1,c 2. 2

Figured in Millard’s Outlines Brit. Ent. pl. 1, f. 4.

Length of body, 1 inch 1 line to 1 inch 2 lines.

Expanse of wings, I inch 6 to 1 inch 7 lines.

This species is abundant in Scotland, and is also found at Epping.

Besides other characters, it may be readily distinguished from the
following species, by the legs being entirely black.

D. rufostigma. Newman. plate 19, fig. 3,0 4. 2
Figured as nigripes. Charp.- Zab. 10, f. 1.

Length of body, from 1 inch 4 to 1 inch 5 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 2 inches 10 lines to 3 inches.

This species is found during July ; and I have captured specimens
towards the end of September in Battersea fields.

It may readily be known from the preceding, by the coxe of the
fore legs being brown.

D. pallidistigma. Steph. plate 20, fig. 1.
Length of body, 1 inch 3 lines.
Expanse of wings, 1 inch 10 lines.

Figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ possession, who states
the species occurs in the New Forest during June.

The body is much compressed.

D. angustipennis. Steph. plate 20, fig. 2.
Length of body, 1 inch 3 lines.
Expanse of wings, 2 inches 1 line.

This species is also figured from a specimen in the possession of
Mr. Stephens. The insect is found during June near London.

D. vulgata. Lin. plate 20, fig. 3. 0
Figured in Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 46, f. 3.
Charp. Zab. 11, f. 1.
Don. 10, pl. 337.
SYNONYME sanguinea. Mull.
Length of body, from 1 inch 4 to 1 inch 8 lines.
Expanse of wings, from 2 inches to 2 inches 4 lines.
Abundant during July and August round London and elsewhere.
It yaries very much in size and colouring.

28

D. basalis. Steph. plate 21, jig. 1.

SyNONYME Reeselii. Curt.

Length of body, from 1 inch 3 to 1 inch 4 lines.

Expanse of wings, from 1 inch 11 to 2 inches 1 line.

Figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’ collection. This

species has been taken during June and July at Colney Hatch,
at Deptford, and at Epping.

D. flaveola. Lin. plate 21, fig.2. o
Figured in Harr. Exp. Eng. Ins. pl. 46, f. 4.
Charp. Tab. 9.

Schaeff. Icon. Tab. 4,f. 1. @
This species is found in Scotland, at Whittlesea Mere, and
at Epping.
The body of the female is stouter, and the colouring of it not so
bright.

D. rubicunda. Schaeff. plate 21, fig. 3. 0
Figured in Curtis. pl. 712.
as pectoralis. Charp. Tab. 13.

This pretty insect is figured from a specimen in Mr. Stephens’
cabinet, who states that it has been found at Epping.

The stigma of this species appears to be particularly small.
The female has the body shorter and stouter than the male.

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