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BRITISH POMOLOGY;
OK, THE
HISTORY, DESCRIPTION, CLASSIFICATION,
AND SYNONYMES,
OF THE
FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES
OP
GREAT BRITAIN;
ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENQRAVINQS,
■BY
ROBERT fl:OGG.
' Fruit of all kinds, in coat
»• Rough or smooth rind, or bearded husk or shell."— Milton.
THE APPLE.
' Arboris est suavisJB'i'uoUis, sunt dulcia Poma,
Diilcior est inquara Ne^tare, et Ambrosia."
LONDON:
GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS, PATERNOSTER ROW;
EDINBURGH: JAMES HOGG;
GLASGOW: DAVID BRYCE.
MDCCCLI.
OBERRt
NEW yOI=5lB
QH4-5
.H3nt
PRINTED BY WILLIAM FORD,
RussELJ. Court, Brydges Street, Covent Gardek,
LONDON.
TO
MR. ROBERT THOMPSON,
FOR
THE IMPORTANT SERVICES HE HAS RENDERED TO THE
STUDY OF POMOLOGY
AND FOR
HIS UNWEARIED LABORS IN DETERMINING AND ARRANGING
POMOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE.
THIS WORK
IS DEDICATED BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND,
_ THE AUTHOE.
PREFACE.
It is much to be regretted, that of late years, so little attention
has been given in this country, to the study of pomology, and that
so few efforts have been made to encourge a taste for this most
important, most instructive, and intellectual branch of horticultural
science.
Towards the end of the last, and beginning of the present century,
when the late Mr. Knight was in the full vigor of his scientific
pursuits, this was the subject which engaged so much of his power-
ful intellect, and from which he succeeded in producing such great
and beneficial results. With Mr. Knight as president, and Mr.
Sabine as secretary, the Horticultural Society of London did much
for the advancement of this subject, and in extending a knowledge
not only of the fruits of this country, but of the most valuable varieties
of the continent of Europe, and America. Through the exertions
of these gentlemen, and in conjunction with the illustrious pomo-
logists, Dr. Diel and Professor Van Mons, and other eminent conti-
nental correspondents, was obtained that vast collection of fruits
which once existed in the Society's garden ; and by means of which
that great undertaking of determining and arranging the nomencla-
Vl PREFACE.
ture was accomplished. During this period the Society's Transac-
tions teemed with rich, and interesting pomological papers, and
several works of a high character were ushered into existence. Of
these the most important were the Pomonas of Brookshaw and
Hooker, the Pomological Magazine, and Eonalds's Pyrus Mains
Brentfordiensis ; but these are all of such a class, as from their
great cost to he regarded more as works of art, than of general
utililty. The only one which was at all calculated to be of general
benefit was, Lindley's " Guide to the Orchard ; " a work which
furnished descriptions of, and embraced a greater number of
varieties than had hitherto been attempted. This then may be
regarded as the most complete work for general reference, with
which pomologists in this counti7 had ever been famished.
Upwards of twenty years have now elapsed since the " Guide to
the Orchard" issued from the press, and during that period. Knight,
Sabine, and many great patrons of pomology have entered into
their rest, leaving none behind them to prosecute, with the same
vigour, that study which they so much loved and adorned. But
although there has been no corporate efibrt to promote and stimulate
this study, private entei-prize has not altogether been awanting to
keep pace with the rapid progression of the Continent and America;
but for this, we might yet have been in total ignorance of many of
the most desirable fruits of modern times, and particularly of those
valuable varieties, the result of the later labors of Van Mons,
Esperen, and others ; together with several of considerable merits
furnished by the fertile pomology of the New World.
Since the publication of Lindley's " Guide," therefore, there has
not only been such additions to our varieties of fruits, but such a
complete reformation and arrangement of pomological nomenclature
as to have rendered that book, as a work of reference of considerably
less value ; and it was on account of the necessity for a new work,
adapted to the wants of the present day, and embracing the most
recent information on the subject, that I entered upon the present
undertaking. The facilities I have possessed for carrying it out,
are perhaps greater than fall to the lot of most men. My earliest
PEEFACE. Vll
associations were with fruits and fruit trees ; the greater part of my
active life has been engaged in their cultivation and devoted to their
study ; and for nearly ten years, I had the advantage of making an
annual tour throughout the length and breadth of England and
Scotland, during which, I allowed no opportunity to escape of
making myself acquainted with the fruits of the various districts, and
securing correspondents to whom I could apply, in cases of necessity.
With these advantages, I some years ago established an orchard,
for the purpose of examining the distinctive characters and deter-
mining the nomenclature of fruits ; and there I have succeeded, in
securing all the varieties it is possible to procure, either in this
country or abroad, and thereby to obtain from personal observation
all the information attainable on the subject.
In the execution of this work, my object has been, not to give a
mere selection of the best varieties of fruits cultivated in this
country, but to describe minutely, and at length, all the varieties
with their essential characters, distinguishing those which are, and
those which are not worthy of cultivation. I have endeavoured
to embrace all the fruits which are recorded as existing in Great
Britain, and although it cannot be supposed I have been able to ob-
tain the whole of them, still, I have secured such a number as will
leave but a very small portion un-noticed The plan which I
have adopted in the general arrangement will be found to em-
brace all matters both descriptive, historical, and critical, touching
the several varieties. The nomenclature I have followed is, except in
some instances for reasons given, that of the London Horticultural
Society's Catalogue, a valuable work prepared by that patient and
indefatigable pomologist, Mr, Robert Thompson. The advantage
of this identity of nomenclature is evident, as it sets at rest that
mass of confusion, which so long existed as to the correct names of
fruits. In describing each variety, the approved name, that is the
name wliich shall serve as a standard by which that variety shall in
future be distinguished, is printed in Roman Capitals ; and either
abbreviated, or in full length, is annexed the name of the author
who first records or describes it. When the variety is of such
antiquity as not to be identified with any particular author, tlie
"Vm PllEFACE.
name of the one who first distinctly describes it is given. Following
the standard name, is the identification or list of works in which
the variety is identified as being described ; the synonymes or
names by which it is mentioned in all works on pomology, or known
in various districts ; and then a list of works in which it is most
correctly and faithfully figured. Then follow the description,
history, and critical observations, when such are necessary. I have
furnished diagrams, of the newest, rarest, and most esteemed
varieties ; and this mode of illustration conveys a better idea of the
general character of the fruit, than a fore-shortened drawing, and
answers the same purpose as a highly finished engraving, without
swelling the price of the work to such an extent, as to render it un-
available for ordinary use. At the end, I have given lists of the
most excellent varieties adapted for various districts of the country,
as also such as are suited for being grown as Standards, Dwarfs,
and for Cyder. The whole work is terminated by a copious index,
which includes all the synonymes, and which of itself, will afford
much valuable assistance, in all matters relating to pomological
nomenclature.
It now remains for me to acknowledge the favors I have received
from many kind friends, who have, by furnishing materials and in-
formation, rendered me much valuable assistance. To Mr. Robert
Thompson, already mentioned, I am particularly indebted for the
liberal way in which he has always supplied me with any informa-
tion I requiredti To the late Mr. John Ronalds, of Brentford, for
the free use of his valuable collection; as also to his excellent and
much respected foreman, Mr. William Waring. To Mr. James Lake,
nurseryman, of Bridgewater, for specimens of, and communications
respecting the fruits of the Somerset, Devon, and West of England
orchards. To Mr. William Fairbread, of Green-street, near Sitting-
bourne, for those of the great orchard districts of Kent. To
Mr. Mannington, of Uckfield, and Mr. Henry Barton, of Heathfield,
Sussex, for the fruits of these neighbourhoods. To Mr. J. 0.
Wheeler, of Gloucester, and the late Mr. Higuell, orchardist, of
Tewkesbury. To George Jefferies, Esq., of Marlborough ^Terrace,
Kensington, for some of the valuable fruits of Norfolk ; and, to the
PREFACE. IX
Rev. Henry Manton, of Sleaford. To Mr. Roger Hargreave, of
Lancaster, for a complete collection from the Lancashire orchards.
To Archibald Turnbull, Esq., of Belwood, near Perth, whose choice
and extensive collection, was freely placed at my disposal. To
Mr. A. Gorrie, of Annat, and Robert Mathew, Esq., of Gourdie-
hill, in the Carse of Gowrie, for much valuable information, and
specimens of the fruits of that great orchard district of the North.
To Mr. Evans, superintendent of the Caledonian Horticultural
Society's Garden, Edinburgh, for much valuable assistance derived
from a free inspection of the collection of the Society. To my
brother, Mr. Thomas Hogg, of Coldstream, for the fruits of the
Tweedside orchards, and to numerous nurserymen and private
individuals, who have aided me in the prosecution of this work,
I now tender my warmest and heartfelt thanks.
R. H.
13, Gihton Road, Brompton,
Dec, 1851.
AEBKEVIATIONS, AND LIST OF BOOKS EEFEEEED TO
IN THE FOLLOWING WOEK.
AJ. T)- f I The Universal Gcardener and Botanist ; or a General Dictionary
AOer. utct. I of Gardening and Botany, by John Abercrombie, 1 vol.
AOer. Lrard. Uict.) ^^^_^ London, 1778.
Ace, or ace. — When this abbreviation is prefixed to a citation, it signifies according
to, or on the authority of, as ace Hort Soc. Cat, according to, or on the authority
of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue.
Aldro. Dend. — Ulyssis Aldrovandi, Dendrologise naturalis scilicet Arborum Historise
libri duo. Sylva Glandaria, Acinosumque Pomarium. 1 vol. fol. Bononice, 1668.
Aug. Obs. — Observations sur L' Agriculture, et Le Jardinage, pour servir d'instruc-
tion a ceux qui desireront s'y rendre habiles, par Angran de Rueneuve. 2 vols.
12mo., Paris, 1712.
. f /~i,,i ■( A Treatise of Fruit Trees, shewing the manner of Grafting, Planting,
a"^/ T^'t \ Priming, and Ordering of them, in all respects, according to
us . rea . j ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ rules of Experience, &c. &c., by Ralph Austen.
1 vol. 4to., Oxford, 1657.
Bauk Hist. — Historia Plantarum universalis, Johanno Bauhino. 3 vols. fol.
Ebroduni. i and ii. 1650, iii. 1651.
Baum. Cat. — Catalogue general des Vegetaux de pleine terre, disponsibles dans
I'etablishment horticole d' Aug. Nap. Baumann a Bolwyller, 1850 — 51.
Bon. Jard. — Le Bon Jardinier almanach pour I'annee, 1843. Paris.
Booth Cat. — A Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by G. Booth, Hamburg.
Brad. Fam. Diet. — Dictionaire Oeconomique ; or Family Dictionary, &c. &c., by
Richard Bradley. 2 vols. fol. London, 1725.
Brad. Treat. — A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening, by Richard Bradley.
3 vols. Bvo., London, 1721—1722.
Bret, Ecole. — L'Ecole du Jardin Fruitier, par M. de la Bretonnerie. 2 vols. 12mo.
Paris, 1784.
Brook. Pom. Brit. — Pomona Britannica; or a collection of the most established fruits
at present cultivated in Great Britain, &c., by George Brookshaw. 1 vol. fol.
Loudon, 1812.
Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem, — Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 8vo.
Edinburgh, vol. 1. V819, et seq.
xii LIST OF BOOKS.
Cal. Traite. —Traite complet sur les Pepiniers &c., par Etienne Calvel. ed. 2, 3 vols.
12mo., Paris. N. D.
Chart. Ca<.— Catalogue des Arbres a Fruits les plus excellent, les plus rares, et les
plus estime's, qui se cultivent dans les pepiniers des Reverendes Peres
Chartreux de Paris. 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1775.
Christ Gar^eni.— Allgemein-practisches Gartenbuch fiir Biirger und Laudmann
liber den Kiichen-und Obstgarten, von Dr. Job. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol. 8vo.
Heilbronn, 1814.
Christ i7a«(ii.— Handbuch uber die Obstbaumzucbt und Obstlehre, &c., von Joh.
Ludw. Cbrist. 1 vol. Svo., Frankfurt a M., ed. 1, 1794 ; ed. 2, 1797 ; ed. 3,
1804 ; ed 4, 1817.
Christ Handworter.—Fomologisches Theoretisch-practisches Handworterbuch, &c.
von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol 4to. Leipzig, 1802.
Christ Vollst. Po?n.— Vollstiindige Pomologie &c. &c. von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 2 vols.
8vo., Frankjurt, 1809.
Coles Adam in iJc/ew.— Adam in Eden, or Nature's Paradise. The History of Plants,
Fruits, and Flowers, by William Coles. 1 vol. fol., London, 1657.
Cord. Hist. — Valerii Cordi Historiae Stirpium Libri iv. I vol. fol., Argentorali, 1561.
Cours Camp. d.Agric. — Nouveau Cours complet d' Agriculture, par M. M. Thouin,
Parmentier, Bosc, Chaptal, &c, &c., 16 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1823.
^ j^. \ A View of the cultivation of Fruit Trees in the United States, and of
Coxe View. I ^^^ management of Orchards and Cyder, by WilUam Coxe,
Coxe Cult. J J ^^j_ g^^^ Philadelphia, 1817.
Curtius Hort. — ^Hortorum Libri xxx, auctore Benedicto Curtio. 1 vol. fol., Lugduni
1560.
Dahuron Traite. — Traite de la taille des Arbres Fruitiers, et de la maniere de les bien
elever, par Rene Dahuron. 1 vol. 12mo., Cell, 1699.
Dec. Prod. — Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetablis. Aug. Pyr.
Decandolle, 8vo., Paris, vol. 1, 1824, et seq.
Diel Kernobst. — Versuch einer systematischen Beschreibung in Deutschland vorhan-
dener Kernobstsorten, von Dr. Aug. Fried. Adr. Diel. 21 Hfte 8vo., Frank-
furt a M., 1799—1819. 6 Bdchn, Stuttgart, 1821.— 1832.
Ditt. Handb. — Systematisches Handbuch der Obstkimde, von J. G. Dittrich. 3 vols.
Svo., Jena, 1839 — 1841.
Dock. Centralobst. — Die Allgemeine Centralobstbaumschule, irhe Zwecke und
Einrichtung von F. J. Dochnahl. 1 vol. 8vo., Jena, 1848.
Dovm. Fr. Amer. — The Fruit and Fruit Trees of America ; or the culture and
management in the garden and orchard of Fruit Trees generally, by A. J.
Downing. 1 vol. 8vo., JVew York, 1845.
Duh. Arb. Fruit. — Traite des Arbres Fruitiers ; contenant leur figure, leur descrip-
tion, leur culture &c., par Henri Louis Duhamel du Mouceau. 2 vols. 4to
Paris, 1768.
Ellis Mod. Husb. — The Modern Husbandman, or tlie Practice of Farming, by
William EUis. 8 vols. 8vo., London, 1744—1747.
Evelyn Fr. Gard. — The French Gardiner ; instructing how to cultivate all sorts of
Fruit Trees and Plerbs for the garden, &c., by John Evelyn, Esq. Ed. 3,
I vol. 12mo., London, 1672.
Evelyn Pom. — Pomona : or an appendix concerning Fruit Trees, in relation to
Cyder ; tiie making, and several ways of ordering it, by John Evelyn.
Published with the Sylva. 1 vol. fol., London, 1829.
Filass. Tab. — Tableau gcne'rale des principeaux objects qui composeut la Pepiniere,
dirigce par M. Filassier. 1 vol. Paris, 1785.
Fors. Treat. — A Treatise on the culture and management of Fruit Trees, by William
Forsyth. Ed. 7, 1 vol. Svo. London, 1824.
LIST OF BOOKS. Xlll
Galksio Pom. Ital. — Pomona Italiana ossia trattato degli Alberi Fruttiferi di Georgeo
Gallesio. fol. Pisa, 1817. e^ seq.
Gard. Chron. — The Gardener's Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, edited by-
Professor Lindley. fol. London, 1841, et seq.
Ger. Her!).— The Herbal, or General History of Plants, by John Gerard. 1 vol.
fol., London, 1597.
Gibs. Fr. Gard. — The Fruit Gardener, containing the manner of raising stocks, for
multiplying of Fruit Trees by budding, grafting, &c. &c. 1 vol. 8vo., London,
1768.
^*^^ The authorship of this work is ascribed to John Gibson, Esq., M.D.,
at one time a surgeon in the Royal Navy.
Googe Hmb. — The whole Art and Trade of Husbandry contained in foure books, by
Barnaby Googe, Esq. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1614.
H. — When this initial of the author's name is placed after the standard name of
any variety, it signifies, that that variety has not been recorded or described
in any previous work.
Henne Anweis. — Anweisung wie man eine Baumschule von Obstbaumen in grossen
anlegen und gehorig unterhalten soUe, von Sam. Dav. Lud. Henne. Ed. 3,
1 vol. 8vo., Halle, 1776.
Hitt Treat. — A Treatise of Fruit Trees, by Thomas Hitt, ed. 3, 1 vol 8vo. London,
1768.
Hook. Pom. Land. — Pomona Londonensis, &c., by William Hooker. 1 vol. 4to,,
London, 1813.
Hort. Soc. Cat. — ■<. A Catalogue of the Fruits cultivated in the garden of the
„ „ ^ I Horticultural Society of London. 1 vol. Svo., London.
^- *• *"• j Ed. 1, 1826. Ed. 2, 1842. Ed. 3, 1843.
^*^ The second and third Editions of this work, were prepared by
Mr. Robert Thompson, the superintendent of the Fniit department in
the Society's Garden.
Hort. TVans.— Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 4to., London,
vol. 1, 1813, e< seq.
Hush. Fr. Orch. — The Husbandman's FruitfuU Orchard, &c. &c. 1 vol. 4to, London,
1597.
3id. — When this abbreviation is made use of among the synonymes, it refers to the
same work as is quoted immediately preceding it.
Inst. Arb. Fruict. — Listructions pour les Arbres Fructiers, par M. R. T. P. D. S. M.
Ed. 3, 1 vol. 12mo., Roven, 1659.
Jard. Fran^. — Le Jardinier FranQois, qui enseigne a cultiver les Arbres, Herbes,
Potageres, &c. &c. Ed. 4, 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1653.
Jard. Fruit. — See Nois. Jard. Fruit.
Ken. Amer. Or. — The New American Orchardist, by William Kenrick. 1 vol. 8vo.,
Boston, 1833.
Knoop Pom. — Pomologie ; ou description des meilleurs sortes des Pommes et des
Poires, &c. &c. 1 vol. fol. Amsterdam, 1771.
Lang. Pom. — Pomona ; or the Fruit Garden illustrated, by Batty Langley. 1 vol.
fol., London, 1729.
Laws. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees, et caetera. Peter Lawson and Son, Edinburgh,
1851.
Tf. j)T f\ ■) A New Orchard and Garden ; or the best way for planting,
jMws. -jyew. ur. I grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orcliard,
L.aws. urcti. j ^^^ y^^ William Lawson. I vol. 4to., Land on 597.
Leslie §• Anders. Cat. — Catalogue of Hardy Shrubs, Greenhouse and Hothouse
Plants, Fruit and Forest Trees, &c., &c., sold by Leslie, Anderson, and Co.,
Edinburgh, 1780.
xiv LIST OF BOOKS.
Lind. Guide.— A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden ; or an account of the
most valuable Fruit and Vegetables cultivated in Great Britain, by George
Lindley. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1831.
Lind. Plan. Or.— A Plan of an Orchard, by George Lindley, 1796.
M. C. H. 5.— See Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem.
Mclnl. Orc/j.— The Orchard, including the management of Wall and Standard Fruit
Trees, by Charles Mcintosh. 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1839.
Maund Fruit.— The Fruitist, by Benjamin Maund, 4to., Z,o?t(/on , published along
with Maund's British Flower Garden.
Maijer Pom. Franc. — Pomona Franconica ; oder natiirliche Abbildung und Beschrei-
bung der besten und vorziiglichsten Europaischen Gattungen dor Obstbaumen
und Fruchte, von J. Mayer. 3 vols. 4to., Niirenberg, 1776 — 1801.
Meager Eng. Gard. — The English Gardener; or a sui-e Guide to young planters and
gardeners, in three parts, by Leonard IMeager. I vol. 4to., London, 1670.
Merlet Abrege. — Abre'ge des bons fi-uits, avec la maniere de les connoitre et de
cultiver les arbres, par Jean Merlet. ed. 2, 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1675.
Meyen Biiumsch. — Physicalisch-oeconomische Biiumschule, &c., von J. J. Meyer.
Stettin, 1795.
Mid. jF/or.— The Midland Florist, by William Wood. 12mo., Nottingham, V. Y.
Mill. Diet. — The Gardener's Dictionary, by Philip Miller, ed. 8, 1 vol. fol. London,
1768.
Miller §• Sweet Cat. — A Catalogue of Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. Sold by Miller
and Sweet, nurserymen, Bristol, 1790.
Nicol Gard. Kal. — The Gardener's Kalendar ; or Monthly Directory of operations
in every branch of Horticulture, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. Svo., Edinburgh,
1810.
Nicol Villa Gard. — The "Villa Garden Directory ; or Monthly Index of work to
be done in the town and villa gardens, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. 8vo.,
Edinburgh, 1809.
Nois. Jard. Fruit. — Le Jardin Fruitier, par Louis Noisette, ed. 1,3 vols. 4to., Paris,
1821. ed. 2, 2 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1839.
Nourse Camp. Fel. — Campania Felix ; or a Discourse of the benefits, and improve-
ments of Husbandry, by Tim. Nourse. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1700.
Park. Par. — Paradisi in sole Paradisius Terrestris, &c., by John Parkinson. 1 . vol.
fol. London, 1629.
Philips Cyder. — Cyder, a Poem in two books, by John Philips. 1 vol. 8vo.,
London, 1708.
Plin. Hist. Nat. — C. Plinii Secundi, Historiae Mundi Libri xxxvii, annotat. Jacobi
Dalechampi. 1 vol. fol., Frankfurt ad Moenum, 1599.
Poit. et. Turp.—TvzMe des Arbres Fruitiers de Duhamel, nouvelle edition augmentee,
par Poiteau et Turpin. 5 vols. fol. Paris, 1808, et seq.
Poit. Pom. Frang — Pomologie Fran9aise ; Receuil des plus beaux fruits cultives en
France, par Poiteau., 4to., Paris, 1838, et seq
Pom. Here/. — Pomona Hercfordienses ; or a descriptive account of the old Cyder
and Perry fruits of Herefordshire, by Thomas Andrew linight. 1 vol. 4to.,
London, 1809.
Pom. Land. — See Hook. Pom. Lond.
Pom. Mag. — The Pomological Magazine ; or Figures and Descriptions of the most
important varieties of Fruits cultivated in Great Britain. 3 vols. Svo.
London, 1827—1830.
Porta Villa; — Villaa Jo. Baptistae Portse, Neopolitani Libri xii. 1 vol. 4to,
Frankfurti, 1592.
LIST OF BOOKS. XV
Quint. Inst. — Instructions pour les Arbres Fruitiers et Potageres, par M. de la
Quintinye. 2 vols. 4to., Paris, 1695.
Quint. Traite. — See Quint. Inst.
Raii. Hist. — Historia Plantarum, Joannis Rail. 3 vols, fol., Londini, 1686, 1693,
and 1704.
Rea Pom. — Flora, Ceres, et Pomona, by John Eea. 1 vol. fol. London, 1665.
Riv. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Thomas Rivers, nurseryman,
Sawbridgeworth, Herts, V. Y.
Riv. et Moid. Meth. — Methode pour bien cultiver les Arbres Fruits et pour elever
des Treilles. par De La Riviere & Du Moulin. 1 vol. 12mo., Utrecht, 1738.
Rog. Fr. Cult. — The Fruit Cultivator, being a practical and aocurate description of
all the most esteemed species and varieties of Fruit, cultivated in the Gardens
and Orchards of Britain, by John Rogers. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1837.
Ro7i. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Hugh Ronalds and Sons,
Brentford, Middlesex.
Ron. Pyr Mai. — Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis ; or a concise description of selected
apples, with a figure of each sort, by Hugh Ronalds, 1 vol. 4to., London,
1831.
Salisb. Orch. — Hints addressed to proprietors of Orchards and to growers of fruit
in general, &c. &c., by William Salisbury. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1816.
Saltz. Pom. — Pomologie oder Fruchtlehre enthaltend eine Anweisung alles in freier
Luft unseres klimas Wachsende Obst, &c., zu erkennen, von F. Z. Saltzmann.
1 vol. 8vo., Berlin, 1793.
Schab. Prat — La Pratique du Jardinage, par. L'Abbe Roger Schabol. 2 vols. 8vo.,
Paris, 1774.
Sichler Obstgdrt. — Der Teutsche Obstgartner, von J. B. Sickler. 22 vols. Svo.,
Weimar, 1794—1804.
Switz. Fr. Gard. — The Practical Fruit Gardener, by Steplien Switzer. 1 vol. 8vo.,
London, 1724.
Thomp. — Where this abbreviation is made use of, it refers to the authority of
Mr. Robert Thompson, author of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue of
Fruits, and many valuable pomological and other scientific papers.
Toll. Traite. — Traite des Ve'getaux aui composent 1' Agriculture de I'empire Fran^aise
par Tollard. 1 vol. 8vo., Paris, 1805.
Tragus. Hist. — Hieronymi Tragi De Stirpium, &c. interprete Davide Kybro. 1 vol.
4to., Argentorati, 1552.
Walter Gartenb. — Allgemeine Deutsches Gartenbuch, von J. J. Walter. 1 vol. Svo,
Stuttgart, 1799.
West. Bat. — The Universal Botanist and Nurservman, containing descriptions of
the species and varieties of all the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits,
native and exotics, &c., by Richard Weston. 4 vols. 8vo., London, 1770, 1774.
Willich Bom. Encyc. — The Domestic Encyclopedia, by A. F. M. Willich. 5 vols.
8vo., London.
Worl. Vin. — Vinetum Britannicum, or a Treatise of Cyder, and such other Wines
and Drinks, that are extracted from all manner of fruits growing in this
Kingdom, by J. Worlidge. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1676.
Zink. Pom, — Dieser Pomologie, von J. C. Zink. 1 vol. fol., NUrnberg, 1766.
NEW Yi
BOTANK
• GARDE
BRITISH POMOLOGY.
ETC. ETC. ETC.
THE APPLE.
There is no fruit, in temperate climates, so universally
esteemed, and so extensively cultivated, nor is there any
which is so closely identified with the social habits of
the human species as the apple. Apart from the many
domestic purposes to which it is applicable, the facility
of its cultivation, and its adaptation to almost every lati-
tude, have rendered it, in all ages, an object of special
attention and regard. There is no part of our island
where one or other of its numerous varieties is not cul-
, tivated, and few localities where the finest cannot be
brought to perfection.
' The apple is a native of this, as well as almost every
other country in Europe. Its normal form is, the Com-
^ mon Wild Crab, the Fyrus Malus of Linnaeus, and the
; numerous varieties with which our gardens and orchards
abound, are the result either of the natural tendency of
that tree to variation, or by its varieties being hybridized
' with the original species, or with each other. It belongs
r- to the natural order llosacece, section Ponieoe, and is, by
^ botanists, included in the same genus as the pear. The
•^ principal difference between apples and pears, when con-
> sidered botanically, consists in their stamens and styles ;
the stamens of the apple have their filaments straight, uni-
Q, ted together at the base, and forming a bundle round the
g styles, of which they conceal the inferior part. All the
■" filaments of the pear on the contrary are divergent, dis-
*■ posed almost like the radii of a wheel, and leave the bases
^ B
2 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
of the styles entirely naked and exposed. The styles in
the apple are united at their base into one body, and are
generally villous in that part where they adhere to each
other : in the pear, however, they are separate at their
base. But although the apple and pear very much resemble
each other in their botanical characters, they differ very
materially in their form, cellular tissue, and specific gravity.
Apples have always the base umbellicate, or hollowed with
a deep cavity, in which the stalk is inserted, and are
generally spherical. The pear, on the other hand, is
elongated towards the stalk, and is generally of a pyramidal
shape, or nearly so. The cellular tissue of the apple,
according to the microscopic^ observations of Turpin, is
composed of a great number of agglomerated, distinct
vesicles, each existing independent of the other, varying
in size in the same fruit, and, in general, larger, as the
apple is large and light. These vesicles are colorless and
transparent, and vary in their form according to the want
of space requisite for their individual development. They
contain in greater or less abundance, a sugary, acid, or
bitter juice, which is perceivable in the different varieties.
The cellular tissue of the apple possesses no stony con-
cretions, and its specific gravity is greater than that of the
pear ; so much so, that by taking a cube of each, of equal
size, and throwing them into a vessel of water, that of the
apple will float, while that of the pear will sink. In its
natural or wild state the apple tree is of a small size, attaining
generally about twenty feet in height, of a crooked habit
of growth, with small, harsh, and austere fruit, and small
thin leaves. But when improved by cultivation, it loses
much of its original form, assumes a more free and luxu-
riant growth, with larger, thicker, and more downy leaves,
and produces fruit distinguished for its size, color, and
richness of flavor.
Some authors have ascribed the introduction of the apple
into this country to the Romans, and others to the Nor-
mans ; in both cases, however, without any evidence or
well grounded authority. Mr. Loudon says, " The apple
was, in all probability, introduced into Britain by the
Romans, as well as the pear; and like that fruit, perhaps,
re-introduced by the heads of religious houses on their
THE APPLE.
establishment, after the introduction of Christianity."* It
is more probable that is has existed as an indigenous tree
throughout all ages, and that the most ancient varieties
were accidental variations of the original species, with
which the forests abounded. These being cultivated, and
subjected to the art and industry of man, would give rise
to other varieties, and thus a gradual amehoration of the
fruit would be obtained. The earliest records make
mention of the apple in the most familiar terms. That it was
known to the ancient Britons, before the arrival of the
Eomans is evident from their language. In Celtic, it is
called Ahhall, or Ahlial ; in Welch, Avail; in Armoric,
Afall and Avail ; in Cornish, Aval and Avel. The word is
derived from the pure Celtic, hall, signifying any round
body.^ The ancient Glastonbury was called by the Britons
Ynys Avallac, and Ynys Avallon, which signify an apple
orchard," and from this its Roman name Avallonia was
derived. The apple must therefore have been known
in Britain before the arrival of the Romans ; and that it
continued to exist after they left the island, and before the
Norman conquest, is certified by Wilham of Malmesbury,
who says, that King Edgar in 9*73, while hunting in a wood
was left alone by his associates ; in this situation he was
overcome by an irresistable desire to sleep, and ahghting
from his horse he lay down under the shade of a ivild
apple tree} Shortly after the Norman conquest, the same
author writes with reference to Gloucestershire. " Cernas
tramites publicos vestitos pomiferis arboribus, non insitiva
manus industria, sed ipsius solius humi natura." Some
writers^ entertain the popular error that the cultivation of
apples was not a branch of rural economy in England before
Richard Harris planted orchards in several parts of Kent,
in the reign of Henry tlie Eighth ; but there is evidence
to the contrary. In a bull of Pope Alexander the Third,
in the year 1175, confirming the property belonging to the
monastery of Winchcombe, in Gloucestershire, is men-
tioned, " The town of Twining with all the lands, orc/ianZs,
meadows, &c. / and in a charter of King John, granting
property to the priory of Lanthony, near Gloucester, is
«f ^fi^^'w-^l** t"^- "' P- ^^h ^ Armstrong's Gaelic Dictionary, c Owen's Dictionary
Tol 1 !^^, «- T^^'IT > r}"'^- "• ^.^?;,*^- ' Duncumb's History of Herefordslure,
Tol. 1, p. 18/. f Rudder s History of Gloucestershire, App. liii.. No. xxxv
B 2
4 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
mentioned " the church of Herdesley, with twelve acres of
land , and an orchard."^ But its cultivation was not confined
to the southern counties, for we find there was an extensive
manufacture of cider as far north as Richmond, in York-
shire, in the early part of the thirteenth century. It would
be too much to say that all the varieties cultivated at an
early period, were indigenous to this country ; many no
doubt, were introduced at the Norman conquest, and it is
probable that in the middle ages some varieties were intro-
duced from the continent, by members of the different
religious houses which then existed, who not unfrequently
had personal intercourse wi^h France, and who devoted
considerable attention to horticulture ; but there is every
reason to believe that the earliest varieties were native
productions. The oldest works which treat on the cul-
tivation of fruits, afford little or no information as to
these early varieties. In some ancient documents of the
twelfth century, we find the Pearmain^ and Costard men-
tioned, but the horticultural works of the period are too
much occupied with the fallacies and nonsense which
distinguish those of the Roman agricultural writers, to
convey to us any knowledge of the early pomology of this
country. Turner in his Herbal, has no record of any of the
varieties, and siniply states, in reference to the apple, " I
node not to descry be thys tre, because it is knowen well
inoughe in all countres." Barnaby Googe mentions as,
" Chiefe in price, the Pippin, the Romet, the Pomeroyall,
the Marigold, with a great number of others that were too
long to speake of." Leonardo Mascal gives instruction how
" to graffe the Quyne Apple;" but that is the only variety
he mentions. In a note book in the possession of Sir John
Trevelyan, of Nettlecombe, near Taunton, which was kept
by one of his ancestors, from the year 1580 to 1584, is an
entiy of " The names of Apelles, which I had their graffes
from Brentmarch, froin one Mr. Pace — Item, the Appell out
of Essex ; Lethercott, or Russet Apell ; Lounden Peppen ;
Kew Goneling, or the Croke ; Glass Appell or Pearmeane ;
Red Stear ; Nemes Appell, or Grenlinge ; Bellabone ; Ap-
pell out of Dorsettsher ; Domine quo Vadis." In " The
Hup.bandman's Fruitful! Orchard," we have Pij)pins, Peare-
a ■'^"c'dar's History oi" Gloucestershire, App. xxvii., No. xix. ^ Blomefield's
I-i. t '-j' ol ITorfolk, Tol. xi., p. 242.
THE APPLE.
mains, John Apples, Winter Russetings, and Leather Coats.
Gerard enumerates and figures " The Pome Water, the
Baker's Ditch, the King of Apples, the Quining or Queene
of Apples, the Sommer Pearemaine," and " the Winter
Pearemaine ;" and he says, " I have seene in the pastures
and hedgerowes. about the grounds of a worshippfuU gentle-
man, dwelling two miles from Hereford, called ill. Roger
Bednome, so many trees of all sortes, tliat the seruants drinke
for the most part no other drinke, but that which is made
of Apples. The quantitie is such, that by the report of the
gentleman himselfe, the parson hath for tithe many hogs-
heads of Syder."
But it is to Parkinson we are indebted for the best
account of the early English varieties, of which he enume-
rates no less than fifty-nine, with " tweenty sorts of sweet-
ings and none good ;" and from him may be dated the dawn
of British Pomology. Hartlib mentions one who had 200
sorts of apples, and was of opinion that 500 sorts existed.
Rea, in his Pomona, enumerates twenty varieties, sixteen of
which are not mentioned by Parkinson ; and Meager gives
a list of eighty- three, which were cultivated in the Bromp-
ton Park, and some other nurseries round London, of which
fifty- one are not found in the hsts of either Parkinson or
Rea. Worlidge mentions ninety-two, which are chiefly
cider fruits. The seventy-seven varieties of Ray are much
the same as those enumerated by Worhdge. Daring the
last century, the writings of Switzer, Langiey, Hitt, Miller,
and Abercrombie, added little to what have aheady been
noticed, except that Switzer first mentions the Nonpareil;
and it is to Forsyth that we are indebted for a more ex-
tended knowledge of the different varieties, then known
to exist in this country. With Thomas Andrew Knight,
Esq., the first President of the London Horticultural
Society, a new era in the history of pomology commenced,
and during his lifetime there was more attention devoted
to this study, than had been since the days of Evelyn and
De Quintinye. It was with this zealous horticulturist,
that a practical application of the discovery of the sexes of
plants, was first systematically carried into operation ; and
the success which attended his labors in hybridization, is
evinced by the many valuable varieties of fruits which he
6 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC,
was the means of producing. Through the exertions of
this gentleman, and his iUustrious cotemporaries, Sahine,
Wilhams, and Braddick, the gardens of the Horticultural
Society, became a depository for all the varieties which
could be gathered together from all parts of Europe and
America, and the result has been, that in the last edition
of the Society's Catalogue, Mr. Thompson has enume-
rated upwards of 1400 varieties of the apple alone, the
greater portion of which, however, are proved to be unworthy
of cultivation for any purpose whatever.
The apple is a very wholesome fruit. In its raw state
it is highly esteemed in the dessert, and when either
roasted, boiled, or in pies, it forms an excellent and nutri-
tious food. Dr. Johnson says he knew a clergyman, of
small income, who brought up a family very reputably,
which he chiefly fed on apple dumplings ! Administered
to invalids it is cooling, refreshing, and laxative. It is well
known as furnishing an excellent sauce ; and apple jelly
forms one of the finest preserves. Norfolk Beefings are that
variety of apple baked in ovens, after the bread is drawn, and
flattened to the form in which they are sold in the shops of
the confectioners and fruiterers. In Normandy and Ame-
rica, apples are to a considerable extent dried in the sun, in
which state they may be preserved for a long period and used
at pleasure, when they form an excellent dish stewed with
sugar, cloves, and other spices. Those dried in America are
cut into quarters, while those of Normandy are preserved
whole. There is a drink with which our ancestors were wont
to regale themselves called Lambs-wool, or more properly
Lamasool, a word derived from La maes Abhal, which signi-
fies the day of apple fruit. This drink was composed of ale
and the pulp of roasted apples, with sugar and spice. It is
mentioned by Gerard, and in an old song, called " The
King and the Miller," we find it referred to
" A Clip of Lambs-wool they drank to him there."
Besides these, and many other uses to which the apple is
applied, its juice produces cider, which forms, in many parts
of this country, in Normandy, and the United States, an in-
dispensable beverage. The juice of the wild species, called
THE APPLE.
crab vinegar, or verjuice, when applied externally is good
for strains, spasms, and cramps.
The chemical composition of the apple is, chlorophylle,
sugar, gum, vegetable fibre, albumen, malic acid, tannin
and gallic acid, lime, and a great quantity of water.
The apple may be grown on almost any description of
soil, provided it is not absolutely wet. That on which it
succeeds best is a humid sandy loam, or a well-drained
strong clay, which if it possesses a calcareous, or gravelly
subsoil, will be still more advantageous. It is not requisite
that it should be of so great depth as for pears, as the
apple, having no tap-root, does not penetrate so far into the
soil. From eighteen inches to two feet will be found a
good depth ; but where the soil is good, and the subsoil
sufficiently humid without being literally wet, even a foot
to eighteen inches will answer every purpose.
CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES.
A great desideratum in pomological science is, a system of classifica-
tion for the apple, founded on characters which are at once permanent
and well defined. The Germans have been most assiduous in endeavor-
ing to attain this object, and many systems have been suggested, of which
those of Manger, Sickler, Christ, and Diel, are most generally known.
But it is to Diel that the greatest merit is due, for having produced a
system, which, though far from perfect, is greatly in advance of any
which had hitherto been produced ; and which has been universally
adopted by all the German pomologists. In 1847, my friend Dochnahl,
an eminent and assiduous pomologist, published a system, based upon
that of Diel, of which it is a modification, and which possesses such ad-
vantages over its type, as to be more easily reduced to practise.
As the systems of Diel and Dochnahl, are certainly the best which
have yet appeared, I have introduced them here, for the benefit of those
who may want a groundwork on which to form an arrangement.
8 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
DIEL'S CLASSIFICATION.
CLASS I. RIBBED APPLES.
L They are furnished with very prominent, but regular ribs round
the eye, extending also over the fruit, but which do not render the shape
irregular. — 2. Having wide, open, and very irregular cells.
OEDER I. TRUE CALVILLES.
L They taper from about the middle of the fruit towards the eye. —
2. They are covered with bloom when on the tree. — 3. They have,
or acquire by keeping, an unctuous skin. — 4. They are not distinctly
and purely striped. — 5. They have light, spongy, delicate flesh. —
6. They have a strawberry or raspberry flavor.
ORDER II. SCHLOTTERAPFEL.
L The skin does not feel unctuous. — 2. They are not covered with
bloom. — 3. They are either of a flat, conical, cylindrical, or tapering
form. — 4. They have not a balsamic, but mostly a sweetish or sourish
flavor. — 5. They have a granulous, loose, and coarse-grained flesh.
ORDER III. GULDERLINGE.
L They are not balsamic like Order I., but of an aromatic flavor. —
2. They have a fine flesh, almost like that of the Reinettes. — 3. They
are either of a conical or flat shape. — 4. They are most prominently
ribbed round the eye.
CLASS II. ROSENAPFEL— ROSE APPLES.
L They are covered with blue bloom when on the tree. — 2. They
have not unproportionally large, but often only regular cells. — 3. They
emit a pleasant odor when briskly rubbed. — 4. The skin does not feel
unctuous. — 5. They are handsomely and regularly ribbed round the eye,
and often also over the fruit. — 6. They have a tender, loose, spongy,
and mostly fine-grained flesh. — 7. They have a fine rose, fennel, or anise
flavor. — 8. They are mostly of short duration, and are often only
summer, or autumn apples. — 9. They are mostly striped like a tulip.
ORDER I. FRUIT TAPERING OR OBLONG.
ORDER II. FRUIT ROUND OR FLAT.
CLASS III. RAMBOURS.
1. They are all large apples, and comprise the largest sorts. —
2. They have mostly, or almost always, two unequal halves, namely
one side lower than the other. — 3. They are constantly furnished with
ribs round the eye, which are broad, rising irregularly the one above
the other, and extending over the fruit, so as to render it irregular in its
shape ; they are al?o compressed and have one ^ide higher than the
other. — 4. They are constantly broader than high, and only sometimes
THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 9
elongated. — 5. They have all a loose, coarse-grained, and often very
pleasant flesh.
ORDER L WITH WIDE CELLS.
ORDER II. WITH NARROW CELLS.
CLASS IV. REINETTES.
1. They have a fine-grained, delicate, crisp, firm, or tender flesh. —
2. They are mostly the ideal of a handsome shaped apple ; in them
the convexity or bulge of the middle of the apple, towards the eye, is
the same as that towards the stalk, or not^much different. — 3. They
are all grey dotted, or have russety patches, or completely covered with
russet. — 4. They have only rarely an unctuous skin. — 5. They have
all the rich, aromatic, sugary, and brisk flavor, which is called the
Reinette flavor — 6. They decay very readily, and must, of all apples,
hang longest on the tree. — 7. The really sweet, and at the same time
aromatic apples, belong to the Reinettes, only as regards their shape,
their russety character, and their fine or firm flesh. — 8. Apples with
fine, firm, crisp flesh, which cannot of themselves form a separate
class, — for instance, the Pippins also belong to this class.
ORDER I. SELE COLORED REINETTES.
1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the
most beautiful golden yellow. — 2. Having no lively colors or marks of
russet on the side next the sun ; except those that are very much
exposed, and which assume a slight tinge of red. — 3. Having no
covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes.
ORDER II. RED REINETTES.
Having all the properties of the self colored. Reinettes, but of a pure
red on the side next the sun, without any mixture of russet.
ORDER HL GREY REINETTES.
1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow. —
2. The coating of russet, or the russety patches spread over the
greater part of the fruit are very conspicious. — 3. The side next the
sun is often dull brownish, oi' ochreous red.
ORDER IV. GOLDEN REINETTES.
1. On the side next the sun they are washed, or striped with
beautiful crimson. — 2. The ground color changes by keeping to
beautiful deep yellow. — 3. Over the ground color, and the crimson of
the exposed side, are spread light thin patches, or a complete coat of
russet.
CLASS V. STREIFLINGE.— STRIPED APPLES.
L They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of
red. — 2. These stripes are found either over the whole fruit, 'or only
very indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun. — 3. The stripes may
be distinct, that is to say, truly striped ; or between these stripes on the
side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; buc
10 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
on the shaded side the stripes are well defined. — 4. The cells are
regular. — 5. They are of a purely sweet, vinous, or acid flavor. —
6. They have not the same flavor as the Roseniipfel. — 7. They do not
decay except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when
properly ripened. — 8. They form a large and somewhat considerable
class among the culinary fruits.
ORDER I. FLAT STREIFLINGE.
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from
the stalk, and are broadly flattened. — 2. They are constantly half an
inch broader than high.
ORDER II. TAPERING STREIFLINGE.
1. They are broader than ^high. — 2. They diminish from the
middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical,
or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half.
ORDER IIL OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAIi STREIFLINGE.
1. The height and breath are almost equal. — 2. They diminish
gradually from the base to the apex. — 3. Or from the middle of the fruit,
they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally.
ORDER IV. ROUND STREIFLINGE.
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the
same. — 2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only
about a quarter of an inch. — 3. Laid in the hand with the eye and
stalk sideways, they have the appearance of a roundish shape.
CLASS VL TAPERING APPLES.
1. They have the cells regular. — 2. They are not covered with
bloom. — 3. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or
washed with red on the side next the sun. — 4. Constantly diminishing
to a point towards the eye. — 5. They are sweet, or vinous, approaching
a pure acid. — 6. They do not decay readily.
ORDER L OBLONG, CYLINDRICAL, OR CONICAL.
Characters the same as Order IIL of the Streiflinge.
ORDER II. TAPERING TO A POINT.
Characters the same as Order 11. of the Streiflinge.
CLASS VIL FLAT APPLES.
1. They are constantly broader than high. — 2. They are never
striped. — 3. They are either of an uniform color, or on the side
exposed to the sun more or less washed or shaded with red. — 4. They
have regular cells. — 5. They are not unctuous when handled. — 6. They
do not decay readily. — 7. Flavor purely sweet or purely sour.
ORDER I. PURELY FLAT APPLES.
1. The difference is obvious to the eye. — 2. The breadth is con-
stantly half an inch more than the height.
THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 11
OEUER II. ROUND-SHAPED FLAT APPLES.
1. The eye cannot easily detect a distinction between the breadth
and height. — 2. The breadth rarely exceeds the height by a quarter of
an inch. — 3. The fruit cut transversely, exhibits almost or quite two
equal halves.
DOCHNAHL'S CLASSIFICATION.
SECTION I.
PLEUROIDEA.— ^A^Gt/Z^i? OR RIBBED APPLES.
Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the fruit,
and are most prominent round the eye, where they are most generally
situated.
CLASS I. MALA CYDONARIA.— QUINCE-SHAPED APPLES.
ORDER I. CALYILLA—CALVILLES.
L They have large heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or
often entirely torn ; the cells extend very often from the stalk, even to
the tube of the calyx. — 2. They diminish from about the middle of the
fruit, or a little above it towards the eye. — 3. They are regular, and
provided generally with fine ribs, which do not disfigure the fruit. —
4. On the tree the fruit is covered with bloom. — 5. They are never
distinctly striped. — 6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine, and light, of a
balsamic flavor, similar to that of strawberries or raspberries. — 7. The
eye is frequently closed. — 8. Many of them acquire by keeping, an
oily or unctuous skin.
GROUP L FRUCTUS RUBRI— Fi?£//r RED.
The fruit almost entirely covered with red.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.— i^ift/^/T TWO-COLORED.
Yellow, very much striped or washed with red.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS LUTEL— Fi?t/7r YELLOW.
Of a whitish, greenish, or golden yellow.
ORDER IL PSEUDO-CAL VILLA.— S^STARD CALVILLES.
1 . The cells are the same as the true Calvilles, very large and open. —
2. The calycinal tube is wide and generally very short. — 3. They are
slightly narrowed towards the eye, and flattened towards the stalk. —
4. Their ribs are very prominent, especially round the eye. — 5. They
are aromatic, and have not the balsamic flavor of the true Calvilles. —
6. Their flesh is fine, opaque, a little succulent, and almost equal to
the Reinettes.
The Groups are the same as in the First Order.
12 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
CLASS II. MALA VYRXKIA.— PEAR-SHAPED APPLES.
Their flavor is neither balsamic nor aromatic ; they are purely swtet
or acid, their flesh is granulous and loose.
ORDER I. TR'&UKRIA.— SEEDS LOOSE.
1 . These are almost always large apples, the skin of which is neither
unctuous nor covered with bloom. — 2. They are also furnished with
ribs, but they are not so regular as in the Calvilles. — 3. The cells are
very large, irregular, widened, and generally open. — 4. The calycinal
tube is most generally widely conical, and does not extend to the
cells. — 5. They are of a flattened, conical, cylindrical, or pointed
shape. — 6. Their flesh is loose, more often a little coarse, and of a
slight balsamic flavor. — 7. The leaves of these trees are very large,
rather deeply dentated, and less downy than those of the Calvilles and
Bastard Calvilles.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.—Fi? C7/r SELF-COLORED.
Green, greenish-yellow, or golden yellow, and lightly tinged with red.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.— TTFO COLORED.
Yellow or green, and distinctly striped or washed with red.
ORDER II. 'RAMBUnA.— RAM BU RES.
\. They are all very large. — 2. They have almost always the two
halves unequal. — 3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear
sometimes higher than they are. — 4. They are not furnished with ribs
except round the eye ; these ribs are often irregular in numbers, and
frequently form broad projections on the fruit. — 5. They do not decay,
but shrivel when they are past maturity. — 6. The flesh is coarsely
granulous, rarely aromatic, often, nevertheless, very agreeable.
GROUP 1. CAPSULIS AMPLIS.— C£ZZS WIDE.
GROUP 2. CAPSULIS ANGUSTIS.— C£ZZ5 NARROW.
SECTION II.
^VYiMROlD^K.— SPHERICAL APPLES.
They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and round the eye,
but never true ribs.
CLASS III. MALA MESPILARIA.— if^7)Z^i?-^^^P^i)
APPLES.
Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the rose, fennel,
or anise.
ORDER 1. APIANA.— ^F/5 OR ROSE APPLES.
]. Their flesh is soft, loose, marrowy, very fine-grained and of a
snow-white color. — 2. The cells are almost always regular and closed.
— 3. They are regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the
fruit, but sometimes not at all ribbed. — 4. They have a balsamic flavor,
accompanied with a very agreeable odor. — 5. They emit a pleasant
THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 13
odor, especially when briskly rubbed. — 6. When they are on the tree,
they are frequently covered with blue bloom, and striped like a tulip, —
7. The fruit is mostly small or middle sized. — 8. They are mostly
of short duration, and lose their good flavor the same year.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS OBLO^GL— OBLONG FRUIT.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS SPUJEnJCI— BOUND OR FLATTENED FRUIT.
ORDER II. UEINETTA.—REINETTES.
1. These are apples which have generally the most regular and
handsome shape ; having the bulge in the middle, at the same distance
from the eye as from the stalk. — 2. All are dotted, clouded, or entirely
covered with russet. — 3. They are very rarely inclined to be unctuous,
but generally rough when handled. — 4. They all decay very readily,
(they must therefore be left as long as possible on the tree.) — 5. Their
flesh is fine-grained, crisp, firm, or fine and delicate. — 6. They are all
charged with only a balsamic, sugary acid, which is called Reinette
flavored.
GROUP I. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.— 5£:XF COLORED.
1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most
beautiful golden yellow. — 2. Having no lively colors nor marks of
russet, on the side next the sun ; except those that are very much
exposed, and are slightly tinged with red. — 3. Plaving no covering of
russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS UUBUl.— FRUIT RED.
Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes ; but on the
side next the sun, they are of a red color, with a mixture of russet.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS nAVL— FRUIT RUSSETED.
1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow. —
2. The coatings of russet are very conspicious. — 3. The side next the
sun is often dingy, brownish, or oclu-eous-red. — 4. They all decay very
readily.
GROUP 4. FRUCTUS AUREI. -FFZZOTF OR GOLDEN FRUIT.
GOLDEN RKINETTES.
1. On the side next the sun they are washed or striped with
beautiful crimson. — 2. The ground color changes by keeping, to
beautiful deep yellow. — 3. Over the crimson there is a light, thin trace,
or complete covering of russet.
CLASS IV. MALA MALARIA.— PEi^F^CT OR PURE
APPLE SHAPED.
They are of a perfectly sweet or vinous flavor, approaching to pure acid.
ORDER I. STRIOLA.— 5T7?/P£Z) APPLES.
1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of
red. — 2. These are either over the whole fruit, or only indistinctly on
the side exposed to the sun. — 3. The stripes may all be distinct,
14 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
that is, clearly and finely striped ; or between these stripes on the side
next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red ; but on
the shaded side, the stripes are well defined. — 4. The cells are regular.
— 5. The fruit does not decay, except when gathered before maturity,
or after the period when it has been properly ripened.
GROUP 1. FPtUCTUS BEFRESSl. -FRUIT FLAT.
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from
the stalk, and are broadly flattened. — 2. They are always half an inch
broader than high.
GROUP 2. TRUCTUS ACUUmATL—POINTED FRUIT.
1. They are broader than high. — 2. They diminish from the
middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical
or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUB OBLONGL— i»'i?C//r OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL.
1. The height and breadth are almost equal. — 2. They diminish
gradually from the base to the apex. — 3. Or from the middle of the
fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally.
GROUP 4. FRUCTUS SFUJEmCL— FRUIT ROUND.
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the
same.— 2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about
a quarter of an inch. — 3. When laid on their sides they present a
spherical shape.
ORDER II. CONTUBERNALIA.-SrOi?/i\^G OR HOUSEHOLD APPLES.
1. Having the cells regular. — 2. They are not striped, and are
either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the
sun. — 3. They do not decay readily. — 4. They are not unctuous when
handled. — 5. They are never covered with bloom.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS ACJJMmATL— FRUIT TAPERING.
Diminishing towards the eye.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BEFRY.SSI.— FRUIT FLAT.
They are constantly broader than high.
Such is the classification of Dochnahl, and although it is not all that
could be desired, it is certainly the lest which has yet been published, and
will serve as a good foundation on which to raise a more perfect work.
I have not had an opportunity of applying either of these arrangements
to the classification of our British apples, but for the purpose of affording
a little assistance in identifying the different varielies described in this
work, I have prepared the following, which, although I am aware is not
what could be desired, will at least be sufficient for all general purposes.
The period of duration, and the coloring of fruits, vary to a consider-
able extent according to circumstances of soil, situation, and season ;
but in the following arrangement, I have endeavored to embrace those
characters which they are most generally found to possess.
THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION.
I. SUMMER APPLES.
Consisting of such as either ripen on the tree, or shortly after being
gathered, and which generally do not last longer than the beginning of
October.
§ ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color ,
or occusionully tinged withjaint red.
Calville Blanche d'Ete
Dutch Codlin
Early Harvest
Early Julien
Early Spice
Joanneting
Large Yellow Bough
Madeleine
OsUn
Sack and Sugar
Stirzaker's Early Square
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partiulhj marked with
stripes, either on a pale or colored
ground.
Borovitsky
Duchess of Oldenburgh
Nonesuch
Ravelstone Pippin
Whorle
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the
side next the sun, or entirely covered
with red.
Calville Rouge d'Ete
Calville Rouge de Micoud
Cole
Devonshire Quarrenden
Irish Peach
Maiden's Blush
Passe Ponime d'Automne
Passe Fomme Rouge
Red Astrachan
§ § OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color,
or occasionally tinged with faint red.
Carlisle Codlin
Early Wax
English Codlin
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codlin
Springrove Codlin
Sugar Loaf Pippin
Summer Golden Pippin
Teuchat's Egg
White Astrachan
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked
with stripes, either on a pale or
colored ground.
American Summer Pearmain
Creeper
Kerry Pippin
Longville's Kernel
Margaret
Pigeonnet
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on
the side next the sun, or entirety
covered with red.
Dr. Helsham's Pippin
Hollow Core
King of the Pippins
Sugar and Brandy
11. AUTUMN APPLES.
Including such as are in use from the time of gathering to Christmas,
IG
BRITISH rOMOLOolY, LTG.
§ KOUND, ROUNDISH, Oli OBLATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale
color, or occasionally tinged with
faint red.
American Fall
Bland's Jubilee
Breedon Pippin
Bridgewater Pippin
Broadend
Broad Eyed Pippin
Cobb am
Dowell's Pippin
Downton Pippin
Drap d'Or
Early Nonpareil
Flanders Pippin
Forest Siire
Franklin's Golden Pippin
Gloria Mundi
Golden ]\Ionday
Golden Noble
Gooseberry Apple
Grange
Harvey Apple
Pawsan
Small Stalk
Stead's Kernel
Waltliam Abbey Seedling
White Westling
Winter Lading
Yellow Elliot
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked
with stripes, either on a pale or
colored ground.
Bachelor's Glory
Biggs's Nonesuch
Cellini
Chester Pearmain
Creed's Marigold
Elford Pippin
Flushing Spitzenburgli
Gravenstein
Green Woodcock
Hermann's Pipi^in
Hoary Morning
Hollandbury
Kentish Fill Basket <<6^
Kingston Black
Longstart
Monkton
Nanny
Rabine
Eambour Franc
Red- Streak
Red Streaked Rawling
Siberian Harvey .
Summer Strawberry
Trumpington
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the
side next the sun, or entirely
covered with red.
Api Etoille
Bere Court Pippin
Borsdorffer
Burn's Seedling
Calville Rouge d'Automne
Cherry Apple
Coutin Reinette
Flower of Kent
Forge
Fox ley
Glory of the West
Greenup's Pippin
Hawtliornden
Isle of Wight Pippin
Lady's Delight
])e Neige
Red-Must
Rjmer
Scarlet Crofton
Scarlet Tiffing
Scotch Bridget
Siberian Bitter Sweet
Summer Broadend
D. Russet.
Being entirely or to a great extent
covered with russet.
Brown Ken ling
Cornish Aromatic
Ten Shillings
§ § OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color,
or occasionally tinged with faint
red.
Brookes's
Catbhead
Coccagee
Costard
Cray Pippin
Green Tiffing
Hargreave's Green Sweet
Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance
I slew or th Crab
THE APPLE. — ITS CLASSTFICATION.
ir
'Kilkenny Peariuain
Lucombe's Pine
Marmalade
Melrose
Monkland Pippin
Nelson Codlin -^
Pitniaston Golden Wreath
Proliferous Reinette
Sheep's Nose
Tarvey Codlin
Toker's Incomparable
Transparent Codlin —
White Wine
Wormsley Pippin — =»
Yellow Ingestrie
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked,
with stripett, either un a pale or
colored ground.
Angustus Pearmain
Belle Bonne
Colonel Vaughan's
Bennet Apple
Best Baehe
Broughton
Cowarne Red
Duke of Beaufort's Pippin
Duncan
Emperor Alexander
Fill Basket
Garter
Glory of England
Golden Streak
Golden Winter Pearmain - ....__
Hagloe Crab
Mere de Menage
Moore's Seedling
Queen of Sauce
Summer Pearmain
White Paradise
C. RF.n.
Having either a cloud of red on the
side next the sun, or entirely co-
vered with red.
Fox Whelp
Friar
Ganges
Grey Leadington
Kentish Pippin
Long Nose
Pigeon
Red Ingestrie
Wickham's Pearmain
Woodcock
D. Rdsset.
Being entirely, or to a great extent
covered with russet.
Bowyer's Russet
Patch's Russet
Pine Apple Russet
I1I._WINTER APPLES.
Including such as ai'e in use during the whole of the Winter and
Spring.
§ ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE, .
A. Palic Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color,
or occasionally tinged with faint
red.
Alfriston
Bedfordshire Foundling
Belledge Pippin
Birmingham Pippin
Blenheim Pippin
Bringewood Pippin
Calville Blanche d'Hiver
Cluster Golden Pippin
Court of Wick
Devonshire Buckland
Dredge's Fair Maid of Wishford
Dredge's Fame
Essex Piajiin
C
Fair's Nonpareil
Famagusta
Fenouillet Jamie
Gogar Pippin
Golden Pippin
Holland Pippin
Hollow Crowned Pippin
Hughes's Golden Pippin
Minchall Crab
Morris's Court of Wick
Rambo
Reinette Diel
Reinette Franc he
Reinette Jaune Sucree
Reinette Vert
Rhode Island Greening
Saint Julien
Screveton Golden Pippin
18
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Siely's Mignonne
Sleeping Beauty
Spitzenberg
Veiuy Pippin
Wyken Pippin
Yellow Newtown Pippin
B. Striped.
Being loholly or partially marheil
with stripes, either on a pale or
colored ground. ^
Brabant Bellefleur
Calville Rouge d'Hiver
Caroline
Christie's Pippin
Dutch JMignonne
Fulwood
Golden Reinette
Gros Faros
Hall Door
Hambledon Deux Ans
Hoskreiger
Keeping Red Streak
Kirke's Lord Nelson
Lincolnshire Holland Pippin
Lucombe's Seedling
Newtown Spitzenberg
Ribston Pippin
Round Winter Nonesuch
Royal Reinette
Scarlet Nonpareil
Selwood's Reinette
Shakespere
Shepherd's Fame
Somerset Lasting
Spice Apple
Striped Beefing
Striped Monstrous Reinette
Taunton Golden Pippin
Watson's Dumpling
West Grinstead Pippin
Yorkshire Greening
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the
side next the sun, or entirely co-
vered with red.
A pi
Api Gros
Api Noir
Baddow Pippin
Bank
Belle Grisdeline
Braddick's Nonpareil
Brickley Seedling
Calville Malingre
Clara Pippin
Coul Blush
Court-pendu Plat
Dumelow's Seedling
Fair Maid of Taunton
Fearn's Pippin
Harvey's Pippin
Haute Bonte
London Pippin
Mela Carla
Minier's Dumpling
Newtown Pippin
Nonpareil
Norfolk Beefing
Norfolk Paradise
Northern Greening
Osterley Pippin
Padley's Pippin
Pearson's Plate
Pctworth Nonpareil
Pomewater
Reinette de Breda
Reinette Blanche d'Espagne
Reinette de Canada
Reinette Van Mons
Rose de China
Royal Shepherd
Sir William Gibbons's
Sops in Wine
Squire's Greening
Sturmer Pippin
Surry Flat Cap
Turk's Cap
Wanstall
Wheeler's Extreme
White Virgin
Winter Colman
Winter Greening
Winter Majetin
D. Russet.
Being entirely, or to a great e.ctent,
covered with russet.
Acklam's Russet
Aromatic Russet
Ashmead's Kernel
Boston Russet
Byson Wood Russet
Fenouillet Gris
Fenouillet Rouge
Golden Harvey
Horsham Russet
Keeping Russet
Knobbed Russet
Morris's Russet
New Rock Pippin
Pennington's Seedling
Pile's Russet
Pltraaston Nonpareil
Pomme Grise
Powell's Russet
Reinette Carpentin
Reinette Grise
Robinson's Pippin
Ross Nonpareil
Royal Russet
Sam Young
Sweeney Nonpareil
Sykehouse Russet
Wheeler's Russet
THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION.
19
§ § OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color
or occasionally tinged with faint
red.
Barton's Incomparable
Beachamwell
Bossom
Cockle Pippin
Coe's Golden Drop
Colonel Harbord's Pippin
Darling Pipj)in
Hanwell Souring
Hormead Pearmain
Hunthouse
Lemon Pippin
Mitchelson's Seedling
Norfolk Stone Pippin
Nottingham Pippin
Oxnead Pearmain
Pitmaston Golden Pippin
Pope's Apple
Tower of Glammis
Trumpeter
Warner's King
Winter Codlin
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked
with stripes, either on a pale or
colored ground.
Adams's Pearmain
Baldwin
Baxter's Pearmain
Beauty of Kent
Benwell's Pearmain
Bess Pool
Bristol Pearmain
Claygate Pearmain
Cornish Gilliflower
Esopus Spitzenburgh
Federal Pearmain
Grange's Pearmain
Lamb Abbey Pearmain
Lewis's Incomparable
Loan's Pearmain
Margil
Parry's Pearmain
Royal Pearmain
Scarlet Leadington
Scarlet Pearmain
Seek- no-Farther
Winter Pearmain
Winter Quoining
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the
side next the sun, or entirely co-
vered with red.
Barcelona Pearmain
Farleigh Pippin
Foulden Pearmain
Hunt's Deux Ans
Hutton Square
Irish Reinette
Lady's Finger
Mannington's Pearmain
New York Pippin
Ord's Apple
Petit Jean
Pomeroy
Ponto Pippin
Russet Table Pearmain
Tulip
Vale Mascal Pearmain
Violette
Wadhurst Pippin
Whitmore Pippin
Woolman's Long
D. RPSSET.
Being entirely, or to a great extent,
covered with russet,
Betsey
Forraan's Crew
Golden Knob
Golden Pearmain
Golden Russet
Hubbard's Pearmain
Hunt's Duke of Gloucester
Martin Nonpareil
Morris's Nonpareil Russet
Pinner Seedling
Rosemary Russet
Rushock Pearmain
Uellner's Gold Reinette
c 2
J20
BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
THE APPLE.— ITS VARIETIES.
1. ACKLAM'S RUSSET.— Fors.
Identification.— Fors. Treat. 92. Lhid. Guide, 85. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, h. 733,
Synontme. — Aclemy Eusset, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 359.
Fruit, below the medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and two
inches high ; round and somewhat flattened. Skin, pale yellow tinged
with green, and covered with thin grey russet, particularly on the side
exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a smooth, round, and
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh,
white with a greenish tinge, firm, crisp, juicy, and highly flavoured.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in November,
and will keep under favourable cirQumstances till March.
The tree is very hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds best in
a dry soil, and is well adapted for espalier training.
This variety is supposed to have originated at the village of Acklam,
in Yorkshire.
2. ADAMS'S PEARMAIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 60. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 529.
Synontme. — Norfollc Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 685.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 133.
Fruit, large, varying from two inches and a half to three inches high
and about the
same in breadth at
the widest part ;
pearmain - shaped,
very even, and
regularly formed.
Skin, pale yellow
tinged with green,
and covered with
delicate russet on
the shaded side ;
but deep yellow
tinged with red,
and delicately
streaked with live-
lier red on the side
next the sun. Eye,
small and open,
with acute erect
segments, set in
a narrow, round,
and plaited basin.
Stalk, varying from
half an inch to an
inch long, oblique-
ly inserted in a
sl^allow cavity, and generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of
THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES.
21
it. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with an agreeable
and pleasantly perfumed flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to Feb-
ruary. It is a large and very handsome variety, and worthy of general
cultivation.
The tree is a free and healthy grower, producing long slender shoots,
by which, and its cucuUated ovate leaves, it is easily distinguished. It
is an excellent bearer even in a young state, particularly on the paradise
or doucin stock, and succeeds well as an espalier.
3. ALFRISTON.-
-Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 8.
-Hort.
Lind. Guide, 26. Down. Fr.
Identification.-
Amer. 97.
Synonymes. — Lord Gwydyr's Newtown Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Old-
aker's New, Ibid. Shepherd's Pippin, in Sussex. Shepherd's Seedling, Ibid.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxv. f. L
Fruit, of the largest size, generally about three inches and a half wide,
and from two and three quarters to three inches high ; roundish, and
angular on the sides. Skin, greenish yellow on the shaded side, and
tinged with orange next the sun, covered all over with veins, or reticu-
lations of russet. Eye, open, set in a deep and uneven basin. Stalk,
short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, crisp, juicy,
sugary, and briskly flavoured.
This is one of the largest and best culinary apples. It comes into use
in the beginning of November and continues till April.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, very hardy, and an abund-
ant bearer.
22
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
This variety is supposed to have been raised by a person of the name
of Shepherd, at Uclifield, in Sussex, and has for many years been exten-
sively cultivated in that county, under the names o^ Shepherd's Seedling,
and Shepherd's Pippin, two names by which it is there most generally
known. Some years ago a Mr. Brooker, of Alfriston, near Hailsham,
in Sussex, sent specimens of the fruit to the London Horticultural
Society, by whom, being unknown, it was called the Alfriston, a name
by which it is now generally known, except in its native county. By
some it is erroneously called the Baltimore and Newtown Pippin.
4. AMERICAN FALL PIPPIN.— H.
Si'NONYME. — Fall Pippin, Coxe. Vietv, 109, Down. Fr. Amer. 84.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and
three quarters high ; roundish, ribbed on the sides, and almost the same
width at the apex as the base. Skin, yellow tinged with green, and
strewed with brown dots on the shaded side ; but with a tinge of brown,
and numerous embedded pearly specks on the side next the sun. Eye,
large and open, M'ith broad, flat segments, set in a wide, deep, and
rather angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in
a rather shallow cavity, which is slightly marked with russet. Flesh, yel-
lowish, slightly tinged with green at the margin, tender, juicy, sugary,
slightly perfumed, and pleasantly flavoured.
Unlike the majority of American Apples, this comes to great perfec-
tion in this country, and is a valuable and first-rate culinary apple. It
is ripe in October and will last till Christmas.
TIIK Ain>l,E. ITS VARIETIES.
23
This is the true Fall Pippin of the American orchards, and a
very different variety from the Fall Pippin of this country, which is
known by the names of Cobbett's Fall Pippin, and Reinette Blanche
d'Espagne.
5. AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN.— Ken.
Identification.— Ken. Amer. Or. 1. Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Down. Fr. Amer. 70.
Synonyme. — Eai-ly Summer Pearmain, Coxe. View, 104.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin,
yelloW; covered with patches and streaks of light red, on the shaded
side ; and streaked with fine bright red, interspersed with markings of
yellow on the side next the sun. Eye, set in a wide and deep basin.
Stalk, slender, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, very
tender, rich, and pleasantly flavored.
An excellent early apple, either for dessert or kitchen use. It is ripe
in the end of August, and will keep till the end of September.
The tree is a healthy grower, a prolific bearer, and succeeds well on
liffht soils.
6. API.— Duh.
Identification.— Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 309. Quint. Traite, 1, 202.
Synontmes. — Lady Apple, Coxe. View, 117. Down. Fr. Amer. 115. Pomme
d'Apict, Inst. Arb. Fr. 154. Pomme Appease, Worl. Vin. 165. L'Api, Bret.
Ecole. II. 478. Pomme d'Apis, Knoop. Pom. 68, t. xii. Api Rouge, Poit. Pom.
Franf. t. 113. Pomme d'Api, Fors. Treat. 121. Petit Api Rouge, Nois. Jard.
Fr. ed. 2, pi. 105. Api Petit, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 11. Pomme Rose, Ace.
Hort. Soc. Cat. erroneously. Pomme Dieu and Long Bois, in some provinces of
France. Kleine Api Apt'el, Christ. Handb. ed. 2, n. 145. Der Jungfernapfel,
Christ Handworter, 17. Der Einfache, der Welsche Api, Ibid. Bollen oder
Traubenapfel, Ibid. Api Roesje, Ibid. Appius Claudius, Evelyn. Fr. Gard. 124.
Malus Apiosa, Hort. Par.
Figures.— Duh. Arb. Fr. L pi. ix. Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. Ixxxvii. f. 1. Jard.
fruit, ed. 2, pi. 105. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 1.
Fruit, small ; oblate. Skin, thick, smooth, and shining, yellowish green
in the shade, changing to pale yel-
low as it attains maturity ; and deep
glossy red, approaching to crimson,
on the side next the sun. Eye, small,
set in a rather deep and plaited
basin. Stalk, short, and deeply in-
serted. Flesh, white, crisp, tender,
sweet, very juicy, and slightly per-
fumed.
A beautiful little dessert apple
in use from October to April.
It should be eaten with the skin on, as it is there that the perfume,
is contained. The skin is very sensitive of shade, and any device may
be formed upon it, by causing pieces of paper, in the form of the design
required, to adhere on the side exposed to the sun, before it has attained
its deep red color.
^i BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
The tree is of a pyramidiil habit of growth, healthy, and an abundant
bearer. It succeeds well in almost any situation, provided the soil is rich,
loamy, and not too light or dry ; and may be grown with equal success
either on the doucin, or crab stock. When worked on the French para-
dise it is well adapted for pot culture. The fruit is firmly attached to
the spurs and forcibly resists the effects of high winds.
It has been asserted, that this apple was brought from Peloponessus to
Rome, by Appius Claudius. Whether this be true or not, there can be
no doubt it is of great antiquity, as all the oldest authors regard it as the
production of an age prior to their own. Dalechamp and Harduin are
of opinion that it is the Petisia of Pliny ; but J. Baptista Porta considers
it to be the Appiana of that author, who thus describes it, " Odor est
his cotoneorum magnitude quae Claudianis, color rubens."* From this
description it is evident that two varieties are referred to, the Appiana
and Claudiana. Such being the ca^, J. Baptista Porta says, " duo sunt
apud nos mala, magnitudine, et colore paria, et preciosa, quorum unum
odorem servat cotoneorum, alterum minime. Quod odore caret, vulgo
dictum 3Ielo rosa. Id roseo colore perfusum est, mira teneritudine et
sapore, minime fugax, pomum magnitudine media, ut facile cum ceteris
de principatu certet, nee indignum Claudii nomine. Hoc Claudianum
dicerem."'' This Melo Rosa may possibly be the Pomme Rose or Gros
Api ; and if so, we may infer that the Api is the Appiana, and the Gros
Api the Claudiana of Pliny. This, however, may be mere conjecture,
but as the authority referred to, was a native of Naples, and may be sup-
posed to know something of the traditionary associations of the Roman
fruits, I have deemed it advisable to record his opinion on the subject.
According to Merlet, the Api was first discovered as a wilding in the
Forest of Api, in Brittany.
Although mentioned by most of the early continental writers, the Api
does not appear to have been known in this country, till towards the end
of the 17th century. It is first mentioned by Worlidge, who calls it
" Pomme Appease, a curious apple, lately propagated ; the fruit is small
and pleasant, which the Madams of France carry in their pockets, by
reason they yield no unpleasant scent." Lister, in his " Journey to
Paris, 1698," speaking of this as being one of the apples served up in
the dessert, says, " Also the Pome d'Apis, which is sei-ved here more
for show than for use ; being a small flat apple, very beautiful, and very
red on one side, and pale or white on the other, and may serve the
ladies at their toilets as a pattern to paint by." De Quintinye calls it
" Une Pomme des Damoiselles et de bonne compagnie."
Under the name of Lady Apple, large quantities of the Api are annu-
ally imported to this country from the United States, where it is grown
to a great extent, and produces a considerable return to the growers, as
it always commands the highest price of any other fancy apple in the
market. In the winter months, they may be seen encircled with various
coloured tissue papers, adorning the windows of the fruiterers in Covent
Garden Market.
There are other varieties mentioned by J. B. Porta as belonging to the
Api family ; one Avhich ripened in August, in size like the Claudiana
« Plinii Hist. NiU. Lib. xv., cap. 14. '' Villic, p. 278.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. ^5
already mentioned, and commonly called Melo Appio Hosso, because it
retained the scent of the Api ; this is probably the Rother Sommer-api
of Diel. There is another, of which he says, " Assererem tuto esse Mela-
piuni Pliuii," and which was held in such estimation as to give rise to the
proverb —
" Ommc malum malum praetcr appium malum."
7. API GROS.— Dull.
loKNTiFicATiox. — DuIi. Arb. Fr. 1, 312. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Stnonvmks. — Poimne Rose, QuinL Trnite, I. 203, but not of Knoop. Pomme
d'Api Gros. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 39. Passe-rose, Chart. Cat. 55. Grosser Api,
Rosenapi, Diel Kernobst. iv., 228. Api Rose. Doppelter A])\., Ace. Christ Hand-
worter. Rubenapfel, Ibid. Api Grand, Ibid.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mal.pl. xx. f. 1.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches high ; oblate. Skin, pale green, changing as it ripens to pale yel-
low on the shaded side, and pale red, mottled with green, where exposed
to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin.
Stalk, short, inserted in a wide, rather deep, and russety cavity. Flesh,
greenish, tender, crisp, very juicy, and briskly flavored.
Suitable either for the dessert, or for culinary purposes ; it is inferior
to the Api and not a first-rate apple. In use from December to March.
The tree has much similarity to the Api in its growth, and is a good
bearer.
This is a variety of the preceding, and closely resembles it in all its
parts, except that it is much larger. " La Pomme Rose resemble extre-
raement partout son exterieur a la Pomme d'Apis, mais a mon gout elle
ne la vaut pas quoy que puissent dire les curieux du Rhone, qui la veu-
lent autant elever aussi au dessus des autres, qu'ils elevent la Poire Chat
au dessus des autres Poires." — De Quintinye.
S. API ETOILLE.— Diel.
Identification. — Diel. Kernobst. B. iv, 31.
SvNONTMES. — Pomme Etoillee, Duh. Arb. Fr. I, 312. Pomme d'Etoille, Ibid.
Gelber Sternfijnniger Api, Diel Kernobst. B, iv. 31. Sternapfel, Christ Hand-
worter, 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 797.
This is a variety of the Api, from which it is distinguished by being very
much flattened, and furnished with five very prominent angles on the
sides, which give it the appearance of a star, hence its name. It is of a
deep yellow on the shaded side, and redish orange next the sun. It is
a well-flavored apple, but only of second-rate quality. It ripens about
the middle or end of September.
The variety received under this name by the London Horticultural
Society must have been incorrect, as in the last edition of their catalogue
it is made synonymous with Api Petit.
26 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
9. API NOIR.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 311. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Synonyme. — Schwarzer Api, Diel Kernohst. ix. 214.
FiGDRE.— Poit et. Turp. pi. 137.
Fruit, small, but a little larger and somewhat flatter than the Api, to
which it bears a close resemblance. Skin, tender, smooth, and shining
as if varnished, and almost entirely covered, where exposed to the sun,
with very dark crimson, almost approaching to black, like the Pomme
Violette, bvit becoming paler towards the shaded side, where there is
generally a patch of light yellow ; it is strewed with fawn-colored dots,
and some markings of russet. Eye, very small, set in a pretty deep and
plaited basin. Stalk, slender, about three quarters of an inch long,
inserted in a rather deep, wide, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is
slightly marked with russet. Fleslf, pure white, firm and juicy, tinged
with red under the skin, and with a pleasant, vinous, and slightly per-
fumed flavor.
A dessert apple, inferior to the Api, and cultivated merely for curi-
osity. It is in use from November to April, but is very apt to become
meally.
The habit of the tree is similar to that of the Api, but it is rather a
larger grower.
10. AROMATIC RUSSET.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 86. Rog. Fr, Cult. 10.5.
FiGDRE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. viii.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and about two inches
and a quarter high ; roundish-ovate, and flattened at both ends. Skin,
greenish yellow, almost entirely covered with brownish grey russet,
strewed with brownish scales on the shaded side, and slightly tinged
with brownish red, strewed with silvery scales on the side exposed to
the sun. Eye, small and open, with broad recurved segments, and set
in a rather shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round
cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and richly
aromatic.
A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from December to February.
The tree is very hardy and an abundant bearer.
11. ASHMEAD'S KERNEL.— I.ind.
Identification.— Lind. Guide, 86. Eon. Pyr. Mai. 63, but cot of Hort. Soc.
Cat. ed. 2.
Synonyme. — Dr. Ashmead's Kernel, in Gloucestershire.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi, xxxii. f. 5.
Fruit, below medium size; round and flattened, but sometimes consider-
ably elongated ; the general character, however, is shown in the accom-
panying figure. Skin, light greenish yellow, covered with yellowish brown
russet, and a tinge of broAvn next the sun. Eye, small and partially open,
placed in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round and
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 27
deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, rich, and highly
aromatic.
A dessert apple of the very first quality, possessing all the richness of
the Nonpareil, but with a more sugary juice. It comes into use in No-
vember, but is in greatest perfection from Christmas till May.
The tree is very hard}^ an excellent bearer, and will succeed in situa-
tions unfavorable to the Nonpareil, to which its leaves and shoots bear
such a similarity, as to justify Mr. Lindley in believing it to be a seedling
from that variety.
This delightful apple was raised at Gloucester, about the beginning of
last century, by Dr. Ash-
mead, an eminent physician
of that city. The original
tree existed within the last
few years, in what had origi-
nally been Dr. Ashmead's
garden, but was destroyed in
consequence of the ground
being required for building.
It stood on the spot now oc-
cupied by Clarence Street.
It is difficult to ascertain
the exact period when it was
raised ; but the late Mr.
Hignell, an eminent or-
chardist at Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire, informed me, that the first
time he ever saw the fruit of Ashmead's Kernel, was from a tree in the
nursery of Mr. Wheeler, of Gloucester, in the year 1796, and that the
tree in question had been worked from the original, and was at that
time upwards of thirty years old. From this it may be inferred that the
original tree had attained some celebrity by the middle of last century.
The Ashmead's Kernel has long been a favorite apple in all the gardens
of West Gloucestershire, but it does not seem to have been known in
other parts of the country. Like the Ribston Pippin it seems to have
remained long in obscurity, befoi-e its value was generally appreciated;
it is not even enumerated in the catalogue of the extensive collection
which was cultivated by Miller and Sweet, of Bristol, in 1790. I find it
was cultivated in the Brompton Park Nursery, in 1780, at which time it
was received from Mr. Wheeler, nurseiyman, of Gloucester, who was author
of " The Botanist's and Gardener's Dictionary," published in 1763, and
grandfather of Mr. J. Cheslin Wheel ei*, the present proprietor of the
nursery, to whom I am indebted for specimens of the fruit, and much
valuable information connected with the varieties cultivated in that
district.
12. AUGUSTUS PEARMAIN — Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. p. 30.
Fruit, below medium size ; pearmain-shaped, regular and handsome.
Skin, thick and membranous, yellow in the shade, and marked with a few
28
BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
broken stripes of red ; but red, streaked all over with deeper red on the
side next the sun ; it is
dotted with grey dots, and
sometimes marked with
patches of grey - colored
russet, which is strewed
with scales of a darker
color. Eye, small and
closed, with long segments,
set in a narrow and even
basin. Stalk, very short,
not protruding beyond the
base, and having the appear-
ance of a knob obliquely at-
tached. Flesh, tender, juicy,
brisk, and vinous, with a
pleasant aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple, gene-
rally of only second-rate
quality ; but in some sea-
sons it is of a rich flavor
and of first-rate quality.
It is in use from November to Christmas.
13. BACHELOR'S GLORY.— H.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two and three quarters high ;
roundish and irregularly ribbed, generally higher on one side of the eye
than the other. Skin, smooth and shining, striped with deep golden
yellow, and crimson stripes. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and
set in a plaited, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, about half an
inch long, deeply inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined
with rough scaly russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, juicy, and pleasantly
flavored.
A second-rate fruit, suitable either for the dessert or culinary purposes ;
in use from October to November.
This is a variety grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, where it
is much esteemed, but in the southern districts, where the more choice
varieties can be brought to perfection, it can only rank as a second-
rate fruit.
14. BADDOW PIPPIN.— H.
Synontme. — Spring Ribston, Eiv. Cat. 1848.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish or rather oblate, with prominent ribs
on the sides, which terminate in four, and sometimes five considerable
ridges at the crown, very much in the character of the London Pippin.
It is sometimes of an ovate shape, caused by the stalk being prominent
instead of depressed, in which case the ribs on the sides, and ridges
round the eye, are less apparent. Skin, deep lively green, changing as
it ripens to yellowish green, on the shaded side ; but covered on the
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 29
side next the sun with dull red, which changes to orange where it blends
with the yellow ground ;
the whole considerably
marked with thin brown
russet, and russety dots.
Eye, rather large and open,
with short segments, and
set in an angular basin.
Stalk, very short, not more
than a quarter of an inch
long, and inserted in a shal-
low cavity. Flesh, green-
ish white, firm, crisp, juicy,
sugary, and with a particu-
larly rich and vinous flavor,
partaking somewhat of the
Nonpareil and Ribston, but particularly the latter.
This is a first-rate dessert apple, in use in November, and possessing
the desirable property of keeping till April or May.
This variety originated in the garden of Mr. John Harris, of Broom-
field, near Chelmsford, and was first introduced to public notice in the
autumn of 1848.
15. BALDWIN.— Ken.
Identification. — Ken. Amer. Or. 41. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 22. Down. Fr.
Amer. 98.
Stnontmes. — Red Baldwin, Ace, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2. Butter's, Ibid. Wood-
pecker, Ibid.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and about three inches high ;
ovato-conical. Skin, smooth, yellow on the shaded side ; and on the
side next the sun, deep orange, covered with stripes of bright red,
which sometimes extend over the whole surface to the shaded side,
and marked with large russety dots. Eye, closed, set in a deep, nar-
row, and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, and inserted
in a deep cavity, from which issue ramifying patches of russet. Flesh,
yellowish, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid, with a rich and agreeable
flavor.
A culinary apple, in season from November to March. The tree is
vigorous, and an abundant bearer ; but like the generality of the Ameri-
can sorts, it does not attain the size, or flavor in this country, which it
does in its native soil.
This is considered one of the finest apples in the Northern States of
America, and is extensively grown in Massachussets, for the supply of the
Boston Market.
16. BANK APPLE.— 11.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and about
two inches and a half high ; roundish-ovate, regularly and handsomely
formed. Skin, greenish yellow, with a blush and faint streaks of red
next the sun, dotted all over with minute dots, and marked with several
80
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
large spots of rough russet ; the base is covered with a coating of russet,
strewed with silvery scales. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and
plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch long, obliquely inserted by the side of
a fleshy prominence. Flesh, firm, crisp, brisk, juicy, and pleasantly acid,
resembling the Winter Greening in flavor.
It is an excellent culinary apple, in use from November to February ;
but as it has nothing to recommend it, in preference to other varieties
already in cultivation, it need only be grown in large collections.
The original tree was produced from a pip, accidentally sown in the
home nursery of Messrs. Ronalds, of Brentford, and fi'om growing on a
bank by the side of a ditch, it was called the Bank Apple.
17. BARCELONA PEARMAIN.— Hort.
iDENTiFiCATroN.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 532. Lind. Guide, 62. Rog. Fr.
Cult. 74. •*
Synonymes. — Speckled Golden Reinette, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 933. Speckled
Pearmain, Ibid. ed. 2. Polinia Pearmain, Ace. Rog. Fr. Cult. Reinette Rousse,
Dull. Arb. Fr. I. 302. Reinette des Carmes, Ace. Chart. Cat. 51. Glace Rouge,
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. l,n. 365. Kleine Casseler Reinette, Diel Kernobst. I. 182.
Cassel Reinette, Christ. Handb. No. 58.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 85, Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi., f. 4.
Fruit, of medium size ; oval. Skin, clear pale yellow, mottled with
red in the shade ; but
dark I'ed next the sun,
the whole covered with
numerous star-like rus-
sety specks, those on
the shaded side being
brownish, and those
next the sun yellow.
Eye, small and open,
with erect acuminate
segments, and set in a
round, even, and pretty
deep basin. Stalk, about
an inch long, slender,
inserted in a rather
shallow cavity, which
is lined with russet.
Flesh, yellowish white,
firm, crisp, very juicy,
and with a rich, vinous,
and highly aromatic
flavor.
One of the best des-
sert apples, and equally
vahiable for culinary purposes. It comes to perfection about the end of
November, and continues in use till March.
The tree is a free grower, but does not attain the largest size. It is
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
31
very hardy, au abundant bearer, and succeeds well either as a standard
or an espalier.
In the third edition of the Horticidtural Society's Catalogue, this is
said to be the same as Reinette Rouge. I do not think that it is the
Reinette Rouge of the French, which Duhamel describes as being white,
or clear yellow in the shade, having often prominent ribs round the
eye, which extend down the sides, so as to render the shape angular ; a
character at variance with that of the Barcelona Pearmain. But I have
no doubt of it being the Reinette Rousse of the same author, which is
described at page 302, vol. 1, as a variety of Reinette Franche, and
which he says is of an elongated shape, skin marked with a great
number of russety spots, the most part of which are of a longish figure,
so much so, when it is ripe, it appears as if variegated with yellow and
red ; a character in every way applicable to the Barcelona Pearmain.
18. BARTON'S INCOMPARABLE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 352 ?
Fruit, below medium size ; in shape somewhat like a Golden Knob,
ovate or conical, with pro-
minent ribs on the sides,
which terminate in five
ridges round the eye. Skin,
yellowish green, covered
with patches of pale brown
russet, thickly strewed with
large russety freckles, like
the Barcelona Pearmain,
and tinged with orange
next the sun. Eye, small,
partially open, with reflexed
segments, set in a narrow
and angular basin. Stalk,
nearly three quarters of an
inch long, inserted in a
narrow and round cavity.
Flesh, yellowish white, ten-
dei', crisp, brittle, very juicy,
and when eaten is quite a
mouthful of lively, vinous juice.
A dessert apple of the highest excellence, in use from October to
February.
The tree is a good and healthy grower, attains a considerable size,
and is an excellent bearer.
This variety seems to be but little known, and considering its excel-
lence rarely cultivated. I am not aware that it exists in any of the
nurseries, or that it was at any period extensively propagated. The
only place where I ever met with it was, in the private garden of the
late Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith, whence I procured grafts from a tree in
the last stage of decay.
32 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
19. BAXTER'S PEARMAIN.— Lind.
Identification.— G. Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 67. Lind. Guide, 62. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 533.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ;
roundish-ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, pale green, but tinged with
red, and marked with a few indistinct streaks of darker red, on the side
exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with long spreading segments, and
placed in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short and thick, not deeply
inserted. Flesh, yellowish, firm, brisk, and sugary, and with an abund-
ance of pleasantly acid juice.
An excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes, or the dessert j
in use from November to March.
The tree is hardy, vigorous, a most abundant bearer, and even in sea-
sons when other varieties fail, this is almost safe to ensure a plentiful
crop. It is extensively cultivated in Norfolk, and deserves to be more
generally known in other districts of the country.
20. BEACHAMWELL.— Hort.
Identification — Lind. Guide, 35. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 13.
STNONYMES.^Beacham-well Seedling, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 42. Mottcnx's Seed-
ling, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figures. — ^Pom. Mag. t. 82. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxvii. f. 6.
Fruit, small, about two inches wide, and the same in height ; ovate,
handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, greenish yellow, covered with
patches and dots of russet, particularly round the eye. Eye, small
and open, set in a shallow, narrow, and even basin. Stalk, about half
an inch long, almost embedded in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish
■white, tender, crisp, and very juicy, with a rich, brisk, and sugary
flavor.
A rich and deliciously flavored dessert apple, of the highest excel-
lence ; in use from December to March.
The tree is perfectly hardy, a healthy and vigorous grower, but does
not attain a large size ; it is an excellent bearer.
This variety was raised by John Mottcux, Esq., of Beachamwell, in
Norfolk, where, according to Mr. George Lindley, the original tree
still existed in 1831. It is not very generally cultivated, but ought to
form one even in the smallest collections.
21. BEAUTY OF KENT.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 93. Lind. Guide, 27. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37.
Down. Fr. Amer. 81.
Synontme. — Kentish Pippin, of some. Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xc. f. 6. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xv. f. I.
Fruit, large ; roundish-ovate, broad and flattened at the base, and
narrowing towards the apex, where it is terminated by several prominent
angles. Skin, deep yellow slightly tinged with green, and marked with
faint patches of red, on the shaded side ; but entii'ely covered with deep
red, except where there are a few patches of deep yellow, on the side
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
33
next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, and set in a
narrow and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and deep
cavity, which, with the base, is entirely covered with rough brown
russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid
flavor.
A valuable and now well-known culinary apple, in use from October
to February. When well grown the Beauty of Kent is perhaps the most
magnificent apple in cultivation. Its great size, the beauty of its color-
ing, the tenderness of the flesh, and profusion of delicate sub-acid juice,
constitute it one of our most popular winter apples, for cidinary pur-
poses, and one of the most desirable and useful, either for a small garden,
or for more extended cultivation.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attains a large size, and is
a good bearer ; but I have always found it subject to canker when grown
on the paradise stock, and in soils which are moist and heavy.
I have not been able to ascertain the time when, or the place where
this variety originated. It is first noticed by Forsyth in his Treatise on
Fruit Trees, but is not enumerated in any of the nurserymen's cata-
logues, either of the last, or the early part of the present, century. It
was introduced to the Brompton Park Nursery, about the year 1820,
and is now as extensively cultivated as most other leading varieties. In
America, Downing says, " the fruit in this climate is one of the most
magnificent of all apples, frequently measuring sixteen or eighteen inches
in circumference."
D
34 BPJTISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
22. BEDFORDSHIRE FOUNDLING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, n. 42. Lind. Guide, 63. Down. Fr.
Amer. 107.
Synonyme. — Cambridge Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
FiGDUE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxviii. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches and a
half high ; roundish-ovate, inclining to oblong, with irregular and pro-
minent angles on the sides, which extend to the apex, and form ridges
round the eye. Skin, dark green at first, and changing, as it attains
maturity, to pale greenish yellow on the shaded side ; but tinged with
orange on the side next the sun, and strewed with a few fawn-colored
dots. Eye, open, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin. Stalk, short,
inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, pleasantly sub-acid,
and with a somewhat sugary flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of ^rst-rate quality, in use from Novem-
ber to March.
23. BELLE BONNE.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 63. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 43.
Synontmes. — Winter Belle boon, Park. Par. 587. Winter Belle and Bonne, Eaii
Hist. II, 1448. Winter Belle and Bon, Worl. Vin. 156. Rolland, Ace. Lind.
Guide.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and three and a quarter
high ; ovato-conical. Skin, thick, pale greenish yellow, and marked
with a few redish streaks on the side next the sun. Eye, small and
closed. Stalk, half-an-inch long, obliquely inserted under a fleshy lip.
Flesh, firm, juicy, and well-flavored.
A valuable culinary apple, in use from October to January. The tree
is very hardy, a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and a good bearer.
This is a very old English variety. It was known to Parkinson so
early as 1629, and also to Worlidge and Ray. But it is not noticed by
any subsequent author, or enumerated in any of the nursery catalogues
of the last century, until discovered by George Lindley, growing in a
garden at Gatton, near Norwich, and published by him in the Trans-
actions of the London Horticultural Society, vol. iv., p. 58. He seems
to be uncertain whether it is the Summer, or Winter Belle Bonne of these
early authors, but Worlidge's description leaves no doubt as to its iden-
tity. He says " The Summer Belle et Bonne is a good bearer, but the
fruit is not long lasting. The Winter Belle and Bon is much to be pre-
ferred to the Simimer in every respect." I have no doubt, therefore,
that the latter is the Belle Bonne of Lindley. Parkinson says " they
are both fair fruit to look on, being yellow, and of a meane (medium)
bignesse."
24. BELLEDGE PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 49.
Synonymes. — BeUedge, Lhid. Guide, 36. Belledge Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 1, 65.
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi., f. 4.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. o'O
high ; roundish, narrowing a little towards the apex, regularly and hand-
somely formed. Skin, pale green, changing to yellow as it ripens, with
a tinge of brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed with grey rus-
sety dots. Eye, small, partially closed with short segments, and placed
in a round, narrow, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, tender,
soft, brisk, sugary, and aromatic.
An excellent, but not first-rate apple, suitable either for the dessert
or culinary purposes. It is in use from November to March.
25. BELLE GRTDELINE.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Plan Or. 1796. Lind. Guide, 36.
Synonyme. — Belle Grisdeline, Fors. Treat. 93.
Fruit, medium sized ; round, and regularly formed. Skin, clear yel-
low, marbled and washed with clear red, and intermixed with thin grey
russet next the sun. Eye, set in a deep, round basin. Stalk, slender,
deeply inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and briskly
flavored.
An excellent dessert apple, in season from December to March. The
tree is healthy and vigorous, of the middle size, and an excellent bearer.
This beautiful variety was first brought into notice by Mr. George
Lindley, who found it growing in a small garden near Surrey Street
Gates, Norwich, where it had originated about the year 1770. Mr.
Lindley first propagated it in 1793, and the original tree died about
seven years afterwards.
26. BENNET APPLE.— Knight.
Identification and Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 2L Lind Guide, 103.
Fruit, somewhat long, irregularly shaped, broad at the base, and nar-
row at the apex, but sometimes broader at the middle than either of the
extremities. A few obtuse angles terminate at the eye, which is small
and nearly closed, with very short segments. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
and very slender. Skin, dingy colored russety grey in the shade ; and
shaded on the sunny side with numerous streaks and patches of orange
color and muddy red.
The specific gravity of the juice is 1073.
This is a good cider apple, and produces liquor of great excellence
when mixed with other varieties. It is chiefly grown in the deep strong
soils of the south-west part of Herefordshire, and is common in the dis=
trict known as the Golden Vale, Knight says it was a very old variety,
and was known previous to the 17th century, but I have not been able
to find any record of it in the early works on Pomology.
27. BENWELL'S PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 534. Lind. Guide, 64.
Fruit, medium sized ; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull green with
D 2
36 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
broken stripes of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small, set in
a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, deeply inserted in a round
cavity, scarcely protruding beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish white,
crisp, juicy, brisk, and aromatic.
A dessert apple, in use from December to January.
It received its name from a gentleman of the name of Benwell, of
Henley-on-Thames, from whom it was received, and brought into culti-
vation by Kirke, a nurseryman at Brompton.
28. BERE COURT PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 400. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n, 55. Lind,
Guide, 10.
Fruit, medium sized ; round, and slightly flattened. Skin, pale green,
and changing to yellow as it ripens, with stripes of red next the sun.
Eye, open, placed in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, inserted in a
deep cavity. Flesh, crisp, juicy, and briskly acid.
An excellent culinary apple, in use during September and October.
This variety was raised by the Rev. S. Breedon, D.D., of Bere Court,
near Pangbourne, in Berkshire.
29. BESS POOL.— Ron.
Identification. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. 46.
^YNONYME. — Best Pool, Fors. Treat. 94.
riGUKE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai, pi. xxiii. f. 8.
Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and
nearly three inches high ; conical, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yel-
low, with a few markings of red on the shaded side ; but where exposed
to the sun it is almost entirely washed and striped with fine clear red.
Eye, small, and partially open, set in a rather deep and plaited basin,
which is surrounded with five prominent knobs or ridges. Stalk, short
and thick, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, with generally a fleshy
protuberance on one side of it, and surrounded with yellowish brown
russet, which extends over a considerable portion of the base. Flesh,
white, tender, and juicy, with, a fine, sugary, and vinous flavor.
An excellent apple either for culinary or dessert use. It is in season
from November to March,
The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. The
flowers are very late in expanding, and are, therefore, not liable to be
injured by spring frosts.
30. BEST B AC HE.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 16. Lind. Guide, 194.
Stnonyme. — Bache's Kernel, Ace. Pom. Heref.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, with obtuse angles on the sides, which
extend to the apex. Skin, yellow, shaded with pale red, and streaked
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 87
with darker red, interspersed with a few black specks. Eye, small, seg-
ments short and flat. Stalk, short and stout.
Specific gravity of the juice 1073.
A cider apple, grown in the south-east part of Herefordshire.
31. BETSEY.— Hort.
Ii>ENTiFiCATioN. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 57.
Fruit, small, about two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters
high ; roundish, inclining to conical and flattened. Skin, dark green at
first, and considerably covered with ashy grey russet ; but changing to
pa'e yellow, and with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun. Eye,
open, with short reflexed segments, and set in a very shallow depression.
Stalk, short, about a quarter of an inch long, with a fleshy protuberance
on one side of it, and inserted in a shallow and narrow cavity. Flesh,
greenish yellow, tender, juicy, rich, and sugary.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to January.
32. BIGGS'S NONESUCH.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. I. p. 70. Lind. Guide, 88. Rog. Fr. Cult. 40.
Stnontme. — Bigg's Nonsuch, Fors. Treat. 116.
Figure. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. Ixxxviii., f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized ; round, and broadest at the base. Skin, yellow,
striped with bright crimson next the sun. Eye, open, with long reflexed
segments, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, and deeply in-
serted. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and juicy.
An excellent culinary apple, in use from October to December. It is
fit for use immediately it is gathered off the tree, and has a strong resem-
blance to the old Nonesuch, but keeps much longer.
The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer ; attains to the medium
size, and is less liable to the attacks of the Woolly Aphis than the old
Nonesuch.
This variety was raised by Mr. Arthur Biggs, the intelligent and
scientific gardener to Isaac Swainson, Esq., of Twickenham, Middlesex.
33. BIRMINGHAM PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 38. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 59.
Stnontmes. — Grumas's Pippin, Fors. Treat. 105. Brummage Pippin, and Grnm-
mage Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Stone Pippin of the Nursery Catalogues.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three
quarters high ; round, and slightly flattened. Skin, pale dingy yellow,
mottled and veined with very thin grey russet, and russety round the
base. Eye, small, quite open, frequently without any segments, and placed
in a very slight depression. Stalk, short, scarcely at all depressed. Flesh,
greenish, vei'y firm, crisp, and juicy, briskly and pleasantly flavored.
A very good dessert apple : in use from January to June.
38 BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC.
It is remarkable for the firmness and density of its flesh, and Mr.
Lindley says, its specific gravity is greater than that of any other apple
with wliich he was acquainted.
The tree is of diminutive size, with short but very stout shoots. It
is a good bearer.
This variety is supposed to be a native of Warwickshire. It is what
is generally known in the nurseries, under the name of Stone Pippin,
but the Gogar Pippin is also known by that name.
34. BLAND'S JUBILEE.— H.
Synonymes. — Jubilee Pippin, Horl. Trans, vol. v., 400. Bland's Jubilee Rose Pip,
Nursery Catalogues.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and
three quarters high ; round, narrowing a little towards the eye, and
obscurely ribbed. Skin, dull yellow tinged with green, but changing to
clear yellow as it ripens ; marked with russet in the basin of the eye, and
strewed over its surface with large russety dots. Eye, small and closed,
with long acuminate segments, set in a narrow, deep, and even basin,
Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish,
tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and perfumed.
An excellent apple, either for culinary purposes, or the dessert. It
is in use from October to January.
This was raised by Michael Bland, Esq., of Norwich. The seed was
sown, on the day of the jubilee which celebrated the 50th year of the
feign of George III., in 1809, and the tree first produced fruit in 1818.
It is not a variety which is met with in general cultivation, but deserves
to be more extensively known.
35. BLENHEIM PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification.- — Hort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, n. 70. Lind. Guide, 38. Down^Fr.
Anicr. 81.
Stnonymes. — Blenheim, Ace. Horl. Soc. Cat. Blenheim Orange, Ibid. Wood-
stock Pippin, Ihid. Northwick Pippin, Ibid. Kempster's Pippin.
FiGUKE.— Pom. Mag. t. 28. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxi. f. 2.
Fruit, large, the average size smaller than represented in the accom-
panying figure, being generally three inches wide, and two and a half
high ; globular, and somewhat flattened, broader at the base than the
apex, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, with a tinge of
dull red next the sun, and streaked with deeper red. Eye, large and
open, with short stunted segments, placed in a round and rather deep
basin. Stalk, short and stout, rather deeply inserted, and scarcely
extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and plea-
santly acid.
A very valuable and highly esteemed apple, either for the dessert or
culinary purposes, but, strictly speaking, more suitable for the latter.
It is in use from November to February.
I'llE APl'J.E. ITS VAiaKTIRS. 89
The common complaiiit agaiust the Blenheim Pippin is, that the tree
is a bad bearer. This is undoubtedly the case when it is young, being of a
strong and vigorous habit of growth, and forming a large and very beau-
tiful standard ; but when it becomes a little aged, it bears regular and
abundant crops. It may be made to produce much earlier, if grafted
on the paradise stock, and grown either as an open dwarf, or an espalier.
This valuable apple was first discovered at Woodstock, in Oxfordshire,
and received its name from Blenheim, the seat of the Duke of Marl-
borough, which is in the immediate neighbourhood. It is not noticed in
any of the nursery catalogues of the last century, nor was it cultivated
in the London nurseries till about the year 1818.
The following interesting account of this favorite variety was recently
communicated to the Gardener's Chronicle. " In a somewhat delapi-
dated corner of the decaying borough of ancient Woodstock, within
ten yards of the wall of Blenheim Park, stands all that remains of the
original stump of that beautiful and justly celebrated apple, the Blen-
heim Orange. It is now entirely dead, and rapidly falling to decay,
being a mere shell about ten feet high, loose in the ground, and having
a large hole in the centre ; till within the last three years, it occasionally
sent up long, thin, wiry twigs, but this last sign of vitality has ceased,
and what remains will soon be the portion of the woodlouse and the
worm. Old Grimmett, the basket-maker, against the corner of whose
garden-wall the venerable relict is supported, has sat looking on it from
his workshop window, and while he wove the pliant osier, has meditated,
for more than fifty successive summers, on the mutability of all sublu-
nary substances, on juice, and core, and vegetable, as well as animal,
40 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
and flesh, and blood. He can remember the time when, fifty years ago,
he was a boy, and the tree a fine, full-bearing stem, full of bud, and
blossom, and fruit, and thousands thronged from all parts to gaze on its
ruddy, ripening, orange burden ; then gardeners came in the spring-tide
to select the much coveted scions, and to hear the tale of his horticul-
tural child and sapling, from the lips of the son of the white-haired
Kempster. But nearly a century has elapsed since Kempster fell, like a
ripened fruit, and was gathered to his lathers. He lived in a narrow
cottage garden in Old Woodstock, a plain, practical, laboring man ; and
in the midst of his bees and flowers around him, and in his " glorious
pride," in the midst of his little garden, he realized Virgil's dream of
the old Corycian : — " Et regum equabat opes animis."
The provincial name for this apple is still " Kemjjster' s Pippin,^^ a
lasting monumental tribute, and inscription, to him who first planted the
kernel from whence it sprang."
36. BOROVITSKY.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 74. Lind Guide, 3. Down. Fr,
Amer. 70.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 10.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches high, and about the same in width ;
roundish and slightly angular. Skin, pale green strewed with silvery
russet scales on the shaded side ; and colored with bright red, which is
striped with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, set in a wide
and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in a rather wide
cavity. Flesh, white, firm, brisk, juicy, and sugary.
An excellent early dessert apple, ripe in the middle of August.
This was sent from the Taurida Gardens, near St. Petersburg, to the
London Horticultural Society in 1824.
37. BORSDORFFER.— Knoop.
Identification — Knoop. Pom. t. x. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 73. Down. Fr
Amer. 99.
SvNONYMES. — Porstorffer, Cord. Hist. Eeinette Batarde, Riv. et Muul. Met/i. 192.
Borstorf, Knoop. Povi. 56. BorstorfF Hative, Ibid. 129. BorstorfF a long queue,
Ibid. 129. Bursdotr, or Queen's Apple, Fom. Treat, ed. 3, 15, Red Borsdorf-
fer, Willich Bom. Encyc. Borsdorff", Lind. Guide, 39. Postophe d'Hiver, Bon
Jard. 1843. p. 512. Pomnie de procliaiu, ^cc. l>/e/. TsTerwoi.v^. Eeinette d'Alle-
raague, Ibid. Blanche de Leipsic, Ace. Knoop. Pom. Eeinette de Misnie, Ace.
Hort. Soc. Cat. Grand Bohemian Borsdorfter, Ibid. Edler WinterborstorfFer,
Diet. Kernobst. II. 80. Edel Wintcrborsdoifer, Ditt. Handb. I. 372. Witte
Leipziger, Ace. Knoop. Pom. Maschanzker, Ace. Did Kernobst. Weiner Mas-
ehanzkerl, Baum. Cat. 1850. Winter Borsdorfl'er, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Garret
Pippin, Ibid. King, Ibid. King George, Ibid. King George the Third, Eon.
Pyr. Mai. 26.
Figures. — Knoop. Pom. t. x. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiii. f. 8.
Fruit, below medium size ; roundish oblate, rather narrower at the apex
than the base, handsomely and regularly formed, without ribs or other
THE APPLE
-ITS VARIETIES.
41
iuequalities.
Skin, shining, pale waxen yellow in the shade, and bright
deep red next the sun ; it is
strewed with dots, which
are yellowish on the sunny
side, and brownish in the
shade, and marked with
veins and slight traces of
delicate, yellowish - grey
russet. Eye, large and
open, with long reflexed
segments, placed in a ra-
ther deep, round, and pretty
even basin. Stalk, short
and slender, inserted in a
narrow, even, and shallow
cavity, which is lined with
thin russet. Flesh, white
with a yellowish tinge,
crisp and delicate, brisk, juicy, and sugary, and with a rich, vinous, and
aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from November to January.
The tree is a free grower and very hardy, not subject to canker, and
attains the largest size. It is very prolific when it has acquired its full
growth, which, in good soil, it will do in fifteen or twenty years ; and
even in a young state it is a good bearer. If grafted on the paradise
stock it may be grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier. The bloom
is very hardy, and withstands the night frosts of spring better than
most other varieties.
This, above all other apples, is the most highly esteemed in Germany.
Diel calls it the Pride of the Germans. It is believed to have originated
either at a village of Misnia, called Borsdorf, or at a place of the same
name near Leipsic. According to Forsyth, it was such a favorite with
Queen Charlotte, that she had a considerable quantity of them annually
imported from Germany, for her own private use. It is one of the earliest
recorded varieties of the continental authors, but does not seem to have
been known in this country before the close of the last century. It was
first grown in the Brompton Park Nursery in 1785. It is mentioned by
Cordus, in 1561, as being cultivated in Misnia ; which circumstance
has no doubt given rise to the S3aionyme " Reinette de Misnie ;" he
also informs us it is highly esteemed for its sweet and generous flavor,
and the pleasant perfume which it exhales. Wittichius, in his " Metho-
dus Simplicium," attributes to it the power of dispelling epidemic fevers
and madness !
38. BOSSOM.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv., 528. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 75. Lind.
Guide, 64.
Fruit, large and conical ; handsomely and regularly formed. Skin,
pale greenish yellow, considerably covered with russet, and occasionally
marked with bright red next the sun. Eye, set in a shallow and plaited
42 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh,
yellowish white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, and with a pleasant
sub-acid flavor.
An excellent culinary apple, though not of the first quality, in use
during December and January. The flesh is said to assume a fine color
when baked.
39. BOSTON RUSSET.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, a. 736. Down. Fr. Amer. 133.
Synontmes. — Roxbury Russeting, Ken. Amer. Or. 53. Shippen's Russet, Ace.
Hort. Soc. Cat. Putman's Russet.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches
and a half high ; roundish, somewhat flattened, narrowing towards the
apex, and slightly angular. Skin, covered entirely with brownish yellow
russet intermixed with green, and sometimes with a faint tinge of redish
brown next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a round and rather shallow
basin. Stalk, long, slender, and insqj'ted in a moderately deep cavity.
Flesh, yellowish white, juicy, sugary, briskly, and richly flavored.
A very valuable dessert apple, of the first quality, in season from
January to April, and will even keep till June. It partakes much of
the flavor of the Ribston Pippin, and, as a late winter dessert apple, is
not to be surpassed.
The tree is not large, but healthy, very hardy, and an immense bearer,
and, when grafted on the paradise stock, is well suited for being grown
either as a dwarf, or an espalier.
This is an old American variety, and one of the few introduced to this
country which attains perfection in our climate. It is extensively grown
in the neighbourhood of Boston, U.S., both for home consumption and
exportation, and realizes a considerable, and profitable return to the
growers.
40. BOWYER'S RUSSET.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 38. Lind. Guide, 87.
Synonyme. — Bowyer's Golden Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 121.
Fruit, small, two inches high, and about two and a half broad at the
base ; roundish-ovate. Skin, entirely covered with fine yellow colored
russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a small and slightly plaited basin.
Stalk, short, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, greenish white tinged
with yellow, crisp, brisk, and aromatic.
A dessert apple of the first quality, in use during September and
October.
The tree attains a good size, is an abundant bearer, very healthy, and
not subject to canker.
41. BRABANT BELLEFLEUR.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 45. Down. Fr. Amer. 102.
Synonymes.— Brabansche Bellefleur, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 55. Brabant, or Glory
of Flanders, Rog. Fr. Cult. 46. Iron Apple, Ace. Run. Vyr. Mai. Kleine Bra-
biinter Bellefleur, Did Kcrnobst. viii. 133.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. tab. xxxi. f. 3.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three and a quarter
THE AITLK. ITS VARIETIES. 43
liigh ; roundish-ovate, inclining to oblong, or conical, ribbed on the sides,
and narrowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish yellow, changing to
lemon yellow as it attains maturity, and striped with red next the sun.
Eye, large and open, with long broad segments, set in a wide and angular
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and wide cavity, which is lined
with brown russet. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with
a sugary, aromatic, and pleasantly sub-acid flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of the finest quality, in use from Novem-
ber to April.
The tree is hardy, and though not strong, is a healthy grower, attain-
ing the middle size, and an excellent bearer.
This variety was forwarded to the gardens of the Loudon Horticul-
tural Society by Messrs. Booth, of Hamburgh.
42. BRADDICK'S NONPAREIL.— Hort.
Identification.— Ilort. Trans, vol. iii. 268. Lind. Guide, 87. Fors. Treat 118.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 46.5.
Synonyjvie. — Ditton Nonpareil, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. t. xxiv. f. 3. Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. t. 10, f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish and flattened, inclining to oblate.
Skin, smooth, greenish
yellow in the shade, and
brownish red next the
sun, russety round the
eye, and partially co-
vered, on the other
portions of the surface,
with patches of brown
russet. Eye, set in a
deep, round, and even
basin. Stalk, half an
inch long, inserted in a
round and rather shal-
low cavity. Flesh, yel-
lowish, rich, sugary,
and aromatic.
One of the best winter dessert apples, in use from November to
April, and by many considered more sweet, and tender, than the old
Nonpareil.
The tree is quite hardy, a slender grower, and never attains to a large
size, but is a very excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise
stock, and is well adapted for dwarfs, or for being grown as an espalier.
This excellent variety was raised by John Braddick, Esq., of 'Thames
Ditton.
43. BREEDON PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 268. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 85. Lind.
Guide, 64. Rog. Fr. Cult. 82.
Figure. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. pi. 10, f. 1.
Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter
44 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
high ; roundish, and somewhat oblate, broader at the base than the apex,
where it assumes somewhat of a four-sided shape. Skin, deep dull yel-
low tinged with redish orange ; inclining to red on the side exposed
to the sun, and marked with a few traces of delicate brown russet. Eye,
open, with short ovate reflexed segments, which are frequently four in
number, set in a broad, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch
to three quarters long, inserted in a round and shallow cavity. Flesh,
yellowish, firm, and with a rich, vinous, and brisk flavor, resembling that
of a pine-apple.
This is one of the best dessert apples ; it is in use during October
and November. It bears some reseinblance to the Court of Wick, but
is considerably richer in flavor than that variety.
The tree is hardy ; a slender grower, and does not attain a large size ;
it is, however, an excellent bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf train-
ing, and succeeds well on the paradise stock.
This esteemed variety was raised by the Rev. Dr. Symonds Breedon,
at Bere Coui-t, near Pangbourne, Berkshire.
44. BRICKLEY SEEDLING.— Hort.
Idkntification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 86. Lind. Guide, 39. Rog. Fr.
Cult. 62.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 124.
Fruit, small, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high ; round-
ish, and narrowing towards the apex. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade,
and red where exposed to the sun, with a few streaks of red where the
two colors blend. Eye, small and open, set in a smooth, and rather
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish,
firm, rich, sugary, and highly flavored.
A very desirable winter dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is in use
from January to April.
The tree is hardy and an abundant bearer.
45. BRIDGEWATER PIPPIN.— Rea.
Identification. — Rea. Pom. 210. Worl. Vin. 158. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 87.
Fruit, large ; roundish, and somewhat flattened, with prominent ribs
on the sides, which extend to the basin of the eye. Skin, deep yellow,
strewed with russety dots, and with a blush of red which sometimes as-
sumes a lilac hue near the stalk. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and
angular basin. Stalk, rather short, inserted in a deep, wide, irregular,
and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish, briskly, and pleasantly flavored,
A good culinary apple of second-rate quality, in use from October to
December.
This is a very old English variety, being mentioned by Rea, in 1665,
and of which, he tays, " it is beautiful to the eye, and pleasant to the
palat."
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 45
46. BRINGEWOOD PIPPIN.— Ilort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 88. Lind. Guide, 40. Rog. Fr,
Cult. 88.
Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and an inch and three quar-
ters high ; almost round, a good deal like a flattened Golden Pippin.
Skin, of a fine rich yellow color, covered with greyish dots, russety
round the eye, and marked with a few russety dots on the side next the
sun. Eye, small and open, with reffexed segments, and placed in a
shallow basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a moderately deep
cavity, which is lined with greenish grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm,
crisp, and sugary, with a rich and perfumed flavor.
An excellent, though not a first-rate dessert apple, in use from January
to March. Its only fault is the flesh being too dry.
The tree is hardy, but a weak and slender grower, and never attains
a great size. It succeeds well on the paradise stock.
This is one of the varieties raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq.,
of Downton Castle, Herefordshire, and which he obtained by impreg-
nating the Golden Pippin, with the pollen of the Golden Harvey.
47. BRISTOL PEARMAIN.— H.
Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in
height ; oblong, slightly angular on the side, and ridged round the eye.
Skin, dull yellowish green, with a few pale stripes of crimson, and con-
siderably covered with patches and dots of thin grey russet on the
shaded side ; but marked with thin dull red, striped with deeper and
brighter red, on the side exposed to the sun, and covered with numerous
dark russety dots. Eye, small and closed, with erect, acute segments,
set in a deep, round, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shal-
low cavity, which is lined with thin brown russet, strewed with silvery
scales. Flesh, yellow, firm, not very juicy, but briskly flavored.
An apple of little merit, in use from October to February.
The only place where I have ever met with this variety, is in the
neighbourhood of Odiham, in Hampshire.
48. BROAD-END.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 89.
SvNONYMES. — Winter Broading, Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 66. Lind. Guide, 57.
Kentish Broading, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 47. Broading, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiv. f. 1.
Fruit, large, three inches and three quarters broad, and three inches
high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and considerably flattened at the
ends, somewhat oblate. Skin, yellowish green in the shade, but tinged
with red next the sun, interspersed with a few streaks of red, and covered
in some places with patches of fine russet. Eye, large and open, set in
a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity.
Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, rich, juicy, and with a pleasant sub-
acid flavor. An excellent culinary apple of the first quality, in use from
November to Christmas.
The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an excellent
bearer.
46 BRTTTSH rOMOLOGY, ETC.
49. BROAD-EYED PIPPIN.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 9.5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 90.
Fruit, large and oblate. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade, and
slightly tinged with red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large
and open, set in a wide and shallow basin. Flesh, yellowish white, firm,
crisp, brisk, and juicy.
An excellent culinary apple, of the first size and quality, in use from
September to January, but said by Forsyth to keep till May.
This is a very old English variety ; it is mentioned by Ray, who
makes it synonymous with Kirton or Holland Pippin.
50. BROOKES'S.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. .3, n. 91. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 45.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 2.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; conical. Skin,
yellow in the shade, but orange, thinly mottled with red next the sun,
and considerably covered with thin, brown russet. Eye, open and pro-
minent, with reflexed segments, and placed in a very shallow basin.
Stalk, short, inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, which is
lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, not very juicy, but with
a rich, sweet, and highly aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from September to February.
The tree is a slender grower, and never attains a great size, but is a
good bearer.
51. BROUGHTON.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 92.
Fruit, small, conical, and regularly formed. Skin, pale greenish yel-
low in the shade, but covered
with fine, delicate, lively red,
which is marked with a few
streaks of deeper red on the
side next the sun, and strewed
with minute russety dots.
Eye, small and closed, set
in a shallow, and plaited basin.
Stalk, half an inch long, in-
serted in a round, and shal-
low cavity. Flesh, greenish
yellow, tender, delicate, brisk,
sugary, and richly flavored.
A valuable dessert apple of
first-rate quality, in use from
October to December.
52. BROWN RENTING.— Hort.
Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
two inches and a half liigh ; roundish, and slightly ribbed on the sides.
Skin, greenish yellow, marked with distinct and well defined figures,
and reticulations of russet, like the Fenouillet Jaune, on the shaded side,
and over the base ; but green, which is almost entirely covered with a
coating of smooth, thin, pale brown russet, on the side next the sun. Eye,
small and closed, set in a narrow, and shallow basin. Stalk, an inch
long, slender and woody, inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity, which is of
a green color, and very slightly marked with russet. Flesh, yellowish,
crisp, and tender, with a brisk, somewhat sugary, and pleasant aromatic
flavor.
An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality, in use from October
to Christmas, after which it becomes meally.
53. BURN'S SEEDLING.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 102.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, flattened at the base, and narrow-
ing towards the apex, sometimes inclining to conical. Skin, yellow, but
with a blush and a few streaks of red next the sun, marked with a few
patches of russet, and sprinkled with russety dots, v/hich are thickest
round the eye. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and irregular
basin. Stalk, short, thick and fleshy, generally obliquely inserted by
the side of a fleshy swelling, and surrounded with a patch of rough rus-
set. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, and sub-acid.
An excellent culinary apple of the first quality, in use from October
to Christmas.
This variety was raised by Mr. Henry Burn, gardener to the Marquis
of Aylesbury, at Tottenham Park, near Marlborough.
54. BYSON WOOD RUSSET.
Stnonyme. — Byson Wood, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 104.
Fruit, below medium size ; oblato-ovate, regularly and handsomely
shaped. Skin, green, en-
tirely covered with ashy
grey russet, and strewed
with greyish white freckles.
Eye, small, and slightly
closed, set in a round and
even basin. Stalk, an inch
long, slender, inserted in a
rather shallow and angular
cavity. Flesh, greenish,
firm, crisp, and juicy,
with a brisk, sugary, and
aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of the
first quality, in use from
December to February.
48 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
55. CALVILLE BLANCHE D'ETE.— Knoop.
Identification.— Knoop Pom. 13. Chart. Cat. 56. Biel Kernobst. B. II. 7.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 109.
Synonymes.— White CalvUle, Ace. Hurt. Soc. Cat. Calville Blanc, Jard. Fran^.
106. Wahrer Weiszer Sommer Calville, Diei Kernobst. B. II. 7. Weisser Som-
merkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850.
Figure. — Knoop Pom. t. 1.
Fruit, medium sized, about three inches broad, and two inches high ;
roundish and flattened at the ends, with prominent ribs on the sides,
which extend to the eye and form ridges round the apex — the true
character of the Calvilles. Skin, tender and delicate ; when ripe, of a
very pale straw color, and without the least tinge of red on the side
exposed to the sun, but sometimes marked with a few traces of delicate
russet, but no dots. Eye, large, and closed with long, broad, acuminate
segments, and set in a pretty deep and very angular basin. Stalk, three
quarters of an inch long, stout, inserted in a wide and rather shallow
cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, white, tender, and deli-
cate, with a sweet and pleasant flavor.
A very good early culinary apple, but not of the finest quality, being
too soft and tender ; it is ripe during August, and lasts till the middle of
September.
The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, with a large round
head, and is an excellent bearer. It is distinguished by its very large
foliage, the leaves being A\ inches long by 3^ broad.
This is an old continental variety, but has been very little noticed by
writers on Pomology. It is mentioned in the Jardinier Fran9ais, of 1653,
and by De Quintinye, but the first work in which it is either figured
or described, is Knoop's Pomologie. Duhamel does not notice it, although
it is enumerated in the catalogue of the Chartreuse, from whose garden
he received the materials for producing his work on fruits.
5Q. CALVILLE BLANCHE D'HIVER.— Knoop.
Identification. — Knoop Pom. 66. Duh. Arb. Fruit, I. 279. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 110.
Synonyjiks. — Calville Blanche a Cotes, Merlet Ahrege, 134. Calville Acoute,
Lanq. Pom. 134, t. Ixxviii. f. 1. Calleville Blanc, Schab. Prat. II. 88. Cal-
ville Blanc, Bret. Ecole, II. 472. Calville Blanche, Chart. Cat. 51. Calville
Tardive, Ace. Christ Handb. ed. 1, 381. Poninie de Framboise, Ibid.
Ponime de Coin, Ibid. Pome de Fraise, Ibid. Rambour a Cotes Gros, Ace.
Hort. Soc. Cat. Bonnet Carre, Ace. Bon. Jard. Ponime Glace, Ibid. 1810,
but erroneously. White Calville, Switz. Fr. Gard. 135. Coze View. 136.
White Autumn Calville, Aber. Diet. Winter White Calville, Fors. Treat.
96. Lind. Guide, 59. White Winter Calville, Down. Fr. Avier. 103. Fran-
zosischer Quittenapfel, Zink. Pom. n. 89. Weiszer Himbeerapfel, Meyen
Baumsch. 300. Weiszer Erdbcerenapfel, /feflwe ^«M'e«s, 130. Weiszer Winter-
calville. Die! Kernobst. II. 12. Parisapfel, Ace. Christ Handb. Eckapfel, or I'^kke-
ling, in Lower Saxony, Ace. Christ. Weisser Winterkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850.
Figure. — Knoop Pom. Tab. xi. Duh. Arb. Fr. vol. i., pi. ii. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2,
pi. 103.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and a
quarter high ; roundish and flattened, with broad uneven and unequal
TTTF APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 49
ribs, extending the whole lengtli of the fruit, and terminating at the
apex in prominent unequal ridges. Skin, delicate pale yellow tinged
with green, becoming bright golden yellow at maturity, washed with deep
red on the side next the sun, and strewed with brown dots, and a few
markings of greyish white russet. Eye, small and closed with stout and
pointed segments, set in a deep, irregular, five-ribbed basin, which is
surrounded with knobs. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender,
and inserted the whole of its length in a deep and angular cavity, which
is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, delicate, and juicy, with a
rich, lively, and agreeable aromatic flavor.
A valuable winter apple, admirably adapted for all culinary purposes,
and excellent also for the dessei't. It is in use from January to April.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but does
not attain more than the middle size. It is rather liable to canker in
damp situations, and is better suited for a dwarf than a standard ; if
grown on the paradise stock the appearance of the fruit is very much
improved.
This variety is sometimes called Pomme Glace, which is, however,
a distinct variety, known by the names of Rouge des Chartreux, and
Pomme de Concombre ; it is a variety of Calville Blanche d'Hiver, the
fruit is about the size of an egg, but twice as long.
57. CALVILLE MALINGRE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 114.
SvNONYMES. — Pomme de Malengre, Chart. Cat. 50. Cal. Traiti, iii. 40. Calville
Normande, ace. Calvel Malengre d'Angleterre, Merlet Abrege, 137. Calville
liouge de la Normandie, ace. Poit et Turp. Mains Aegra, Ibid. Normiinnische
rothe Wintercalvillo, Ditt. Handb. iii. 3.
FiGUKE. — Poit et Turp, pi. 41.
Fruit, very large, elongated, and prominently ribbed like the Calville
Blanche d'Hiver, but not so much flattened as that variety. Skin, a
little yellow on the shaded side, and of a beautiful deep red next the
sun, which is marked with stripes of darker red, strewed all over with
minute dots. Eye, small, set in a broad, deep, and angular basin, which
is surrounded with prominent knobs. Stalk, slender, deeply inserted in
an angular cavity. Flesh, white, delicate, very juicy, and charged with
an agreeable acid.
A culinary apple of the first quality ; in use from January to April,
and " keeps well." According to the Chartreux Catalogue, " est bonne
cuite pour les malades."
The tree is a very vigorous grower, much more so than the generality
of the Calvilles ; it is very hardy and an abundant bearer, and is better
adapted for being cultivated as a dwarf than an espalier ; but it does not
succeed well on the paradise stock.
According to the French pomologists, this variety seems to have some
connection with this country, but there is no evidence that it was at any
period grown to any extent in England, or that it was ever known to any
of our early pomologists. It is said by some that the name malingre is
applied to this variety from the fruit becoming meally or unsound, but
from the observation in the Chartreux Catalogue, it is more probable
that it is so called from being useful to invalids.
E
50 BRITISH POMOLOCxY. ETC.
58. CALVILLE ROUGE D'AUTOMNE.— Knoop.
Identification. — Knoop Pom. 24. Bret. Ecole, ii. 471 . Hort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, p. 0.
Bon. Jard. 1843, 512.
Stnonymes. — Cfilville d'A.ntomne, Quint. Traite, i. 201. Mill. Diet. No. 6. Calle-
ville d'Automne, Mertet Abrcge. Pomme Grelot, ace. Couver. Traite. Pomme
Sonnette, ll>id. Herfst-Present, ace. Knoop. Geldcr's Present, Ibid. Rode
Herfst-Calville, Knoop Pom. tab. iii. Autumn Calville, Mill. Diet. No. 6.
Autumn Red Calville, Fors. Treat. 96. Red Autumn Calville, Ken. Amer.
Or. 38. Rothe Herbstcalville, Diel Kernobst. iii. 8. Rother Herbstkalwil,
Baum. Cat. 1850.
Figure. — Knoop Pom. tab. iii. Mayer. Pom. Franc, tab. xi. Sickler Obst-
gart. ix. 205. t. 8.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three and a quarter
high ; not so much flattened as the other Calvilles. Skin, pale red,
with a trace of yellow on the shaded side, but of a beautiful deep crim-
son next the sun, and marked with yellowish dots on the shaded side.
Eye, half open, set in a rather shallow, and ribbed basin, which is
lined with fine down. Stalk, rather short, inserted in a wide and deep
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, white, tinged with red under
the skin, and very much so on the side which is exposed to the sun ; it
is tender, delicate, and juicy, with a pleasant, vinous, and violet scented
flavor.
A culinary apple of inferior quality in this country, but highly
esteemed on the Continent, both as a culinary and a dessert fruit.
It is in season during October and November.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size.
It is also an abundant bearer. To have the fruit in perfection it ought
to be grown on the paradise stock as an open dwarf, in a fine sandy loam,
and not too closely pruned.
59. CALVILLE ROUGE D'ETE.— Quint.
Identification.— Quint. Traite. i. 201 Knoop Pom. 12. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 117. Henne Anweis. 101.
Stnonymes. — Calville d'Ete, Bret. Ecole, ii. 470. Calleville d'Ete, Schab. Prat. ii.
89. Calleville d'Este, Merlet Abrege, 132. Madeleine, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. but
not of Calvel. Calville, i?on Jard. 1810, 113. Fasse-Fomme, ace. Bon Jard.
1810. Grosse Pomme Magdeleine, Ibid. Calville Plane' Rouge d'Ete, ace.
Christ Handb. Calville Royale d'Ete, Ibid. Cousinotte ou Calville d'Ete,
in Normandy, Ibid. Grosse Rouge de Septembre, Ibid. Red Calville, Lind.
Guide, 9. Rother Sommercalville, Diel Kernobst. iv. 6. Sommer Erdl)eeren-
apfel, Henne Anweis. 101. Rother Rosmarinapfel, ace. Mayer. Rother Strich-
erdbeerapfcl. Ibid. Rothe Sommer-Erdbeer-Apfel, Sickler Obstgdrt. ii. 20, t. 3.
Rode Zomer-Calville, Knoop Pom. tab. i.
Figure. — Knoop Pom. tab. i. Sickler. Obstgart. ii. t. 3. Mayer Pom. Franc, tab. iv.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and about the same
high ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, and with prominent ribs
on the sides like the other Calvilles. Skin, yellowish white, streaked
and veined with red on the shaded side ; but covered with beautiful
deep shining crimson, on the side next the sun, and strewed with
numerous white dots. Eye, small and prominent, set in a narrow and
v.rinkled basin. Stalk, from an inch to an inch and a half long, in-
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 51
serted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with thin russet.
Flesh, white tinged with red, crisp and tender, agreeably and pleasantly
flavored.
A culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during July and August.
The flesh is stained with red, particularly on the side next the sun, and
partakes somewhat of the flavor of the strawberry. It is valued only for
its earliness.
The tree is of small habit of growth, but an excellent bearer. There
is great confusion subsisting between this variety and the Passe-pomme
Rouge, which Duhamel has described under the name of Calville d'Et^.
60. CALVILLE ROUGE D'HIVER.— Knoop.
Identification. — Knoop Pom. 62. Christ Handb. ed. 1, n. 17. Hort. Sec Cat.
ed. 3, n. 118.
Stnonymes. — Calville Rouge, Duh.Arb. Fruit, i. 280. Calleville Rouge, Schab. Prat.
ii. 88. Calville dit Sungmnole, Merlet Abrege. Calville Rouge Longue d'Hyver,
Zink. Pom. n. 66. Calville Longue d'Hiver, ace. Christ. Handb. Calville Royale
d'Hiver, Ibid. Rother Ekapfel, Ibid. Caillot Rosat, Ibid. Calville Rouge Cou-
ronne'e, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Calville Sanguinole, ace. Knoop. Calville Rouge
Dedans et Dehors, Ibid. Calville Mvjgquee, Ibid. Sanguinole, Ibid. Red Cal-
ville, Lang. Pom. 134, tab. Ixxv. f. 3. Winter Red Calville, Lind. Guide, 85.
Rode Wintcrcalville, Knoop. Pom. Tab. ix. Aechter rother Wintercalville,
Diel Kernobst. iii. 1. Rothe Wintercalville, Sickler Obstgdrt, viii. 95, t. 6.
Rother Winterquittenapfel, Walter, aec. Diel. Rother Winterkalwil, Baum.
Cat. 1850.
FiGDRE. — Knoop Pom. Tab. ix. Duh. Arb. Fr. i. Tab. iii. Poit. et Turp.
pi, 87.
Fruit, large, about three inches high, and the same in width ; oblong,
but not nearly so much ribbed on the sides as the other Calvilles already
described. Skin, covered with a bluish bloom, deep shining crimson on
the side next the sun, but paler red on the shaded side, and strewed
with numerous yellowish dots. Eye, large and closed, with long seg-
ments set in a deep warted and wrinkled basin. Stalk, slender, three
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with
thin brown russet. Flesh, greenish white stained with red, not very
juicy, tender, vinous, and with a pleasant perfumed flavor.
A culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during November and
December. The tree attains about the middle size, is vigorous and
healthy in its young state, and is a good bearer. It is well adapted for
growing as dwarfs on the paradise stock, and requires a rich and warm
soil.
61. CALVILLE ROUGE DE MICOUD.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v., p. 242. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 119.
Fruit, below medium size ; oblate, and ribbed on the sides. Skin,
tough, and bitter tasted, red all over ; but of a deeper and darker color
on the side next the sun, and streaked and spotted with paler red on the
shaded side. Eye open, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, long,
inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish Avhite, tender and delicate,
crisp, sweet, and perfumed.
E 2
52 BlUTISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
This curious apple has the extraoi'dinary property of producing three
crops of fruit in one season. The first flowers appear at the usual
time in April, the second in June, and then for a time it ceases to pro-
duce any more till the month of August, when it again blooms during
the whole of that month, September, October, and November, vmtil
it is checked by the severity of the frosts. The first fruit is gener-
ally ripe during August ; the second in October, which are about the
size of a pigeon's egg, and quite as good as the first. And so on it con-
tinues until retarded by the frosts ; but those last produced are rarely
fit for use.
This variety was first brought into notice by M. Thouin, of Paris,
who says the tree originated on the farm of the Baroness de Micoud,
near La Charite sur Loire, in the department of Nievre.
62. CARLISLE CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Sec. Cat. ed. 3, n. 154.
Figure.— Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 2.
Fruit, above medium size ; ovate^flat at the base, irregular and angu-
lar on the sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale yellow and strewed
with a few russety specks. Eye, closed, set in a narrow, rather deep,
and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in the cavity, which is
lined with russet, a few lines of which extend over the base. Flesh,
white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sugary flavor.
A culinary apple of the first quality, in use from August to December.
It is one of the most useful as well as one of the best culinary apples we
have, being fit for use when no larger than a walnut, and after perfecting
their growth continuing in perfection as late as Christmas. If blanched in
warm water, w^hen used small, the outer rind slips off, and they may be
baked whole ; their color is then a transparent green ; and their flavor
is exquisite, resembling that of a green apricot. When it is about the
size of a large nutmeg, it may be made into apple marmalade, or a dried
sweetmeat, which rivals the finest Portugal plum. — M. C.H. S.
The tree is very hardy, a free grower, and an abundant bearer. As
it does not attain a great size, it may be grown more closely together
than most other sorts. It is a dwarf variety of the old English Codlin.
63. CAROLINE.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 4L Hort. Trans. voL iv., p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 128.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish. Skin, fine rich deep yellow, streaked
with broad patches of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow and plaited basin.
Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet.
Flesh, firm, brisk, juicy, and highly flavored.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to
February.
This variety was named in honor of Lady Caroline Suffield, the wife
of Lord Suffield, of Blickling and Gunton Hall, Norfolk. — Lindleij.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 53
64. CATS HE AD.— Ray.
Idkntification. — Rail Hist. ii. 1447, n. 8. Liad. Guide, 65. Down. Pr, ^Vmer.
103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 130.
Synonyme. — Cat's Head, Fors. Treat. 97.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height ;
oblong, nearly as broad at the apex as at the base, with prominent ribs
on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and terminate in
several knobs. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale green ; but with a
brownish tinge next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots.
Eye, large and open, set in a large, angular, and rather deep basin.
Stalk, short, and slender for the size of the fruit, inserted in a shallow
and angular cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, and sweet» with a pleasant,
acid, and slightly perfumed flavor.
One of our oldest and best culinary apples ; it is in use from October
to January,
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size,
and though not an abundant bearer during the early period of its growth,
it is much more productive as it becomes aged.
In the Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits, and also in Lindley's
Guide to the Orchard." This is made synonymous with the Costard of
Ray, which is undoubtedly an error, the Costard being a distinct variety.
The Catshead is one of our oldest varieties, and was always highly
esteemed for its great size. Phillips, in his poem on Cyder, says —
Why should we sing the Thrift,
Codling or Pomroy, or of pimpled coat
The Russet, or the Cat's-Head's weighty orb,
Enormous in its growth, for various use
Tho' these are meet, tho' after full repast.
Are oft requir'd, and crown the rich dessert."
In Ellis's " Modern Husbandman," he says the Catshead is, " a very
useful apple to the farmer, because one of them pared and wrapped
up in dough, serves with little trouble for making an apple-dumpling, so
much in request with the Kentish farmer, for being part of a ready
meal, that in the cheapest manner satiates the keen appetite of the hun-
gry plowman, both at home and in the field, and, therefore, has now got
into such reputation in Hertfordshire, and some other counties, that it is
become the most common food with a piece of bacon or pickle-pork for
families."
65. CELLINI.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 132.
Fruit, rather above medium size ; roundish and flattened at both
ends. Skin, rich deep yellow, with spots and patches of lively red on
the shaded side ; and bright red streaked and mottled with dark crimson
next the sun, with here and there a tinge of yellow breaking through.
Eye, large and open, with short, acute, and reflexed segments, and set
in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a
54
BRITISH rOMOLOGY. ETC.
funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly
flavored.
^^
A culinary apple of the first quality ; in use during October and
November. It is a fine, showy, and handsome apple, bearing a strong
resemblance to the Nonesuch, from which in all probability it was raised.
It originated with Mr. Leonard Phillips, of Vauxhall.
66. CHERRY«APPLE.— H.
Stnonymes. — Siberian Crab of some. Kirschapfel, Porame Cerise, Diet Kemohsl.
ix. 238.
Fruit, very small,
about three quarters of an inch broad, and the same
in height ; oblato- oblong. Skin, thin, and shining,
of a beautiful lemon color on the shaded side, but
entirely covered with dark blood-red on the side
exposed to the sun, and which extends towards
the shaded side of a fine crimson. Stalk, very
slender, an inch and a .half long, inserted in a
small round cavity. Eye, small, without any seg-
ments, and placed in a shallow basin. Flesh, yel-
low, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a very pleasant
and lively sub-acid flavor.
A beautiful little apple, more resembling a
cherry in its general appearance than an apple.
It is ripe in October.
The tree, when full grown, is from fifteen, to
twenty feet high, and produces an abundance of
THE AITLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 50
its beautiful fruit. It is perfectly hardy, and may be grown in almost
any description of soil. It forms a beautiful object when grown as an
ornamental tree on a lawn or in a shrubbery.
67. CHESTER PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 30. Lind. Guide, 65. Rog. Fr. Cult. 73.
Diel Kernobst. iv. B. 43.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half
high ; oblate, narrowing from the base to the crown. Skin, pale yellow,
but pale red striped with crimson where exposed to the sun, and covered
with large russety spots. Eye, small, and partially closed with broad
segments, and set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an
inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity.
Flesh, yellowish white, tender, soft, and juicy, with a pleasant, sugary,
and perfumed flavor.
A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from October to
Christmas.
The tree is hardy, a free grower, a good bearer, and attains a consider-
able size. It is said to be extensively cultivated in the neighbourhood
of Chester.
68. CHRISTIE'S PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 10. Lind. Guide, 12. Rog. Fr. Cult. 84.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xli. f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ;
oblate, without angles, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, tinged
with green on the shaded side ; but streaked and mottled with red next
the sun, and speckled all over with large russety dots. Eye, partially
closed, set in a round, even, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, short and
slender, not protruding beyond the margin, inserted in a deep cavity,
which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, brisk, juicy,
sugary, and pleasantly flavored.
A dessert apple of the first quality ; in use from December to
February.
The tree is an abundant bearer, but constitutionally weak, a delicate
grower, and subject to canker and mildew. On the paradise stock it
forms a beautiful, compact, and handsome little pyramid.
It was raised by a Mr. Christie, at Kingston-on-Thames.
69. CLAYGATE PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 402. Lind. Guide, 65. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 538. Down. Fr. Amer. 122.
Fruit, medium sized ; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull yellow mixed
with green, and a thin coating of russet and numerous dots on the
shaded side ; but marked with broken stripes of dark red, on the side
exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with long segments set in a
deep basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a smooth and rather deep
56 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, partaking of the
flavor of the Ribston Pippin.
A valuable and highly esteemed dessert apple of the first quality ; it
comes into use in November, and will continue till March.
The tree, though not a strong or vigorous grower, is hardy and healthy,
attains the middle size, and is an abundant bearer. It succeeds well
grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an espalier or an open dwarf.
Its shoots are slender and drooping.
This excellent variety was discovered by John Braddick, Esq., grow-
ing in a hedge near his residence at Claygate, a hamlet in the parish of
Thames Ditton, in Surry, and by him widely and freely distributed.
70. CLARA PIPPIN.— Thomp.
Identification. — Thomp. in Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 300.
Fruit, small ; roundish-ovate. Skin, thick and membranous, orange
in the shade, and brownish red next \he sun. Eye, small and closed,
placed almost even with the surftvce, or set in a slight depression. Stalk,
half an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, orange, firm,
rich, brisk, and sugary,
A very valuable dessert apple of the first quality, remarkable for the
deep orange color of its flesh. It is in use about December and will
keep till May, It was raised by F. J. Graham, Esq,, of Cranford, and
first noticed in the Gardeners Chronicle, April, 184S,
71, CLUSTER GOLDEN PIPPIN,— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 282. Diel Kernoljst. xi. 103.
Synonymes. — Cluster Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Twin Custer Pippin, Ibid.
Thicliset, Ibid. Cluster Apple, Z)/e/ iTernois^ xi. 103. Engiische Eiischelrei-
nette, Ibid.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ;
round, and slightly flattened at the apex. Skin, smooth, yellowish green
at first, but changing to yellow on the shaded side ; with an orange tinge
next the sun, marked all over with veins and reticulations of pale, brown-
ish grey russet, with large patches round the stalk and the eye. Eye,
large and open, placed in a very shallow depression. Stalk, short, in-
serted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and tender,
with a brisk, sugary, and perfumed flavor,
A very good dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; in use from
November to March. The fruit is produced in clusters, and it not un-
frequently happens that two are found joined together.
The tree is hardy, a small grower, and a good bearer,
72. COBHAM,— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 148. Lind. Guide, 13,
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and over two incites
and three quarters high ; roundish and angular. Skin, lemon yellow
tinged with green ; but with a few patches and pencilings of red next
THE APPLE. ITS VAFJETIliS. 67
the sun, and covered with specks and patches of russet. Eye, open,
with short segments, set in a wide and angular basin. Stalk, sliort and
slender, inserted in a wide, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish,
crisp, firm, delicate, and juicy, with a brisk and sugary flavor.
An excellent culinary apple, and not unworthy of the dessert ; it is in
use from November to Christmas, and partakes of the Ribston Pippin
flavor.
The tree is hardy, vigorous, and an excellent bearer.
The Cobham is so like a variety which is cultivated near Faversham,
in Kent, under the name of Pope's apple, that there is some difficulty in
distinguishing the one from the other. Further observation may prove
them to be synonymous. — See Pope's Apple.
73. COCCAGEE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 150. Lind. Guide, 102.
Synonymes. — Cockagee, Furs. Treat. 97. Cocko Gee.
Fruit, medium sized ; ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, pale
yellow, interspersed with green specks. Eye, small and closed, set in a
deep, uneven, and irregular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow
and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, soft, sharply acid, and
austere.
One of the oldest and best cider apples. Although it is perhaps the
most harsh and austere apple known, and generally considered only fit
for cider, still it is one of the best for all culinary purposes, especially for
baking, as it possesses a particularly rich flavor when cooked.
The name is said to be derived from Cocko- Gee signifying Goose-
dung. In Langley's '' Pomona," it is said, " This fruit is originally
from Ireland, and the cyder much valued in that country. zVbout six-
teen or eighteen years since [1727] it was first brought over, and pro-
moted about Minehead, in Somersetshire. Some gentlemen of that
county have got enough of it now to make five, six, or eight hogsheads
a year of the cyder ; and such as have to spare from their own tables,
sell, I am told, from four to eight pounds a hogshead. The cyder is of
the color of sherry (or rather of French white wine), and every whit as
fine and clear. I have tasted of it from several orchards in Somerset-
shire. It hath a more vinous taste than any cyder I ever drank, and as
the sight might deceive a curious eye for wine, so I believe the taste
might pass an incurious palate for the same liquor."
74. COCKLE PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identificaxion. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 151. Lind. Guide, 66. Kog. Fr.
Cult. 96.
Synonymes. — Cockle's Pippin, Fors. Treat. 98. Nutmeg Piiipin, ace. Hort. Soc.
Cat. Nutmeg Cockle Pippin, Ibid. White Cockle Pippin, lOid. Brown Cockle
Pippin, ace. Gard. Chron. 1846, 148.
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 9.
Fruit, medium sized ; conical, and slightly angular on the sides.
i8
BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Skin, greenish yellow, changing as it ripens to deeper yellow, dotted with
small grey dots, and
covered all over the
base with delicate
pale brown russet.
Eye, small and
slightly closed, set
in an irregular, and
somewhat angular
basin. Stalk, an inch
long, rather slender,
and obliquely insert-
ed in a round and
deep cavity, which
is lined with rus-
set. Flesh, yellowish,
firm, tender, crisp,
juicy, and sugary,
with a pleasant aro-
matic flavor.
An excellent des-
sert apple of the
finest quality, in use
from January to
April. Tree healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer. This variety is
extensively grown in Surry and Sussex.
75. COE'S GOLDEN DROP.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 274.
Fruit, small, conical, even, and regularly shaped. Skin, green at first,
but changing as it ripens to yellow,
'^■<s.jSi^' "-\ with a few large crimson spots, on
the side exposed to the sun, and
marked with small patches of thin
delicate russet. Eye, small and
open, even with the surface, and
surrounded with a few shallow
plaits. Stalk, three quarters of
an inch long, inserted in a small,
and shallow depression, which,
together with the base, is entirely
covered with russet. Flesh, green-
ish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very
juicy, brisk, sugary, and vinous.
A delicious little dessert apple
of the first quality, in use from
November to May.
The tree is hardy, a free upright
grower, and a good bearer. It attains about the middle size. If grafted
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 59
on the paradise stock it is well suited for espaliers, or growing as an open
dwarf.
This excellent variety was introduced to notice by Gervase Coe, of
Bury St. Edmonds, who raised the Golden Drop Plum. It has been said
that it is a very old variety, which has existed for many years in some
Essex orchards, but was propagated by Coe as a seedling of his own.
76. COLE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, ii. 172. Lmd. Guide, 13. Down. Fr.
Amer. 71.
Synonyme. — Scarlet Perfume, ace. Hurt. Soc. Cat.
FiGDRE. — Pom. Mag. t. 104. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxvii. f. 3.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two and a half
high ; roundish, considerably flattened, almost oblate, and angular on
the sides. Skin, yellowish, almost entirely covered with deep crimson,
and slightly marked with russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a wide
and open basin. Stalk, long, covered with down, and inserted in a close
narrow cavity, with a fleshy prominence on one side of it. Flesh, white,
firm, juicy, and sweet, with a rich, brisk, and pleasant flavor.
A first-rate early kitchen apple, and second-rate for the dessert. It is
in use during August and September, and will even keep as long as
Christmas, if well preserved.
The tree is hardy, vigorous, and a good bearer, and on account of the
size of the fruit should be grown rather as a dwarf than a standard.
77. COLONEL HARBORD'S PIPPIN.— Lind.
Identification. — G. Lind. in Hoit. Trans, vol. iv., p. 65. Lind. Guide, 66. Hort
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 174.
Fruit, large, about three inches and a half wide, and the same in
height ; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, pale yellowish-green,
partially russeted on one side. Eye, large, set in a rather shallow
basin, surrounded with plaits and wrinkles. Stalk, half an inch long.
Flesh, white, tinged with green, soft, and very juicy, with a brisk tart
flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of the first quality ; in use from Novem-
ber to March. It originated at Blickling Hall, in Norfolk.
78. COLONEL VAUGHAN'S.— H.
Fruit, below medium size, one and three quarter inches high, and two
inches broad ; oblato-conical, or conical. Skin, smooth and shining,
the side next the sun entirely covered with bright crimson, streaked
with very dark crimson, and thinly strewed with greyish white dots ;
but of a fine waxen yellow, streaked and dotted with broken streaks of
crimson on the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide^,
rather shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch
long, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with
60
BRITISH rOMOLOGY. ETC.
thin pale brown russet. Flesh, white, slightly tinged with red under the
skin on the side next the sun,
firm, crisp, and brittle, very
juicy, with a sweet, brisk, and
fine strawberry flavor.
A very excellent dessert
apple ; ripe in the end of Sep-
tember and during October,
at which season it is very
common in Covent Garden
Market.
In some parts of Kent this
excellent little apple is pro-
duced in large quantities for
the supply of the London mar-
kets, but it is one which is not
* metwith in general cultivation.
79. CONTIN REINETTE.— Hort.
IDENTIFICATION. — Hort. Trans. vol. vii., p. 339. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 645.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, somewhat resembling the old Non-
pareil. Skin, deep dull yellow on the shaded side, and fine red where
exposed to the sun. Flesh, yellowish, firm, highly flavored, and plea-
santly acid.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, peculiarly adapted for cultiva-
tion in the northern districts of Scotland. It is in use during October
and November.
The tree is very hardy, an excellent and sure bearer, but a slender
grower.
It was raised by Sir George Stuart Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, in Ros-
shirc, a gentleman who for a long series of years devoted his time and
talents to the advancement of horticulture.
80. CORNISH AROMATIC— Hort.
Identificatiok. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 181. Lind. Guide, 42. Uowu. Fr.
Amer. 81.
Stnonyme. — Aromatic Pippin. Bog. Fr. Cult. 87.
FiGUKES.— Pom. Mag. t. 58. Kon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xix, f. 3.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and
three quarters high ; roundish, angular, slightly flattened, and narrow-
ing towards the eye. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, and covered
with large patches of pale brown russet, which extend all over the base,
and sprinkled with green and russety dots ; but of a beautiful bright
red, which is streaked with deeper red, and strewed with patches and
dots of russet on the side exposed to the sun. Eye small and closed,
with long flat segments, which are reflexed at the tips and set in an
irregular basin. Stalk short, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity
which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, rich,
and highly aromatic.
THE APPLE. TTS VARIETTES. CI
A valuable dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from October to
Christmas.
The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer.
81. CORNISH GILLIFLOWER.— Hort.
loENTiFiCATiON. — Hort. Soc. Gat. ed. 3, n. 267. Lind. Guide, 67. Down. Fr.
Amer. 102.
Synonymes. — July-flower, Hort. Trans, vol. ii., p. 74. Cornish July-flower, Ibid.
vol. iii., f). 323. Calvilled'Angleterre, iJawm. Cat. Pomme Kegelans, ace. ^or<.
Soc. Cat.
FiGDKEs. — Pom. Mag. t. 140. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xix, f. 4.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and the same in
height ; ovate, angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye, some-
what like a Quoining. Skin, dixll green on the shaded side, and brown-
ish red streaked with brighter red on the side next the sun ; some parts
of the surface marked with thin russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a
narrow and angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, in-
serted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, and
aromatic.
This is one of our best dessert apples, remarkable for its rich and aro-
matic flavor ; it is in use from December to May.
The tree is hardy, and a free grower, attaining the middle size, but
not an abundant bearer ; it produces its fruit at the extremities of the
last year's wood, and great care should, therefore, be taken to preserve
the bearing shoots. It succeeds well, grafted on the paradise stock, and
grown as an espalier or an open dwarf.
This valuable apple was brought into notice by Sir Christopher Haw-
kins, who sent it to the London Horticultural Society, in 1813. It was
discovered about the beginning of the present century, growing in a cot-
tager's garden, near Truro, in Cornwall.
The name July-flower is very often applied to this and some other
varieties of apples, and also to flowers, but it is only a corruption of the
more correct name Gilliflower, which is derived from the French Girofie,
signifying a clove, and hence the flower which has the scent of that
spice, is called Giroflier, which has been transformed to Gilliflower.
In Chaucer's " Romaunt of the Rose," he writes it Gylofre.
" There was eke wexyng many a spice,
As Clowe Gylofre and liquorice."
Turner writes it Gelower and Gehjjioure. The proper name, therefore,
is Gilliflower, and not Julj^-flower, as if it had some reference to the
month of July.
82. COSTARD.— Ray.
Identification. — Eaii Hist. ii. 1447. Laws. New. Orch. 32. Worl. Vin. 167.
Synonymes. — Coulthard, in Lancashire. Prussian Pippin, Ibid.
Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters, or three
inches wide, and three inches and a quarter high ; oblong, but narrow-
ing a little towards the eye, distinctly five-sided, having five prominent
62 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
ribs on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and form
ridges round the crown. Skin, smooth, dull yellowish green, strewed
all over with embedded grey specks. Eye, partially closed with long
acuminate segments, and set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk,
about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a round, rather shallow, and
narrow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, and with a brisk,
and pleasant sub-acid flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality. It is in season from
October to Christmas.
The tree is hardy, a strong and vigorous grower, with strong downy
shoots, and an abundant bearer.
The Costard is one of our oldest English apples. It is mentioned
under the name of " Poma Costard," in the fruiterers' bills of Edward
the First, in 1292, at which time it was sold for a shilling a hundred.
The true Costard is now rarely to be met with, but at an early period it
must have been very extensively grown, for the retailers of it were
called Costardmongers, an appellation now transformed into Costermon-
gers. It is mentioned by William Lawson, in 1597, who, in his quaint
style, says, " Of your apple-trees you shall finde difference in growth.
A good Pipping will grow large, and a Costard-tree : stead them on the
north side of your other apples, thus being placed, the least will give
sunne to the rest, and the greatest will shroud their fellowes."
Modern authors make the Costard synonymous with the Catshead,
chiefly, I think, on the authority of Mr. George Lindley, who has it so
in the " Guide to the Orchard ;" but this is evidently an error. All
the early authors who mention both varieties regard them as distinct.
Parkinson describes two varieties of Costard — the " Gray," and the
" Greene." Of the former, he says, " it is a good great apple, some-
what whitish on the outside, and abideth the winter. The Green Cos-
tard is like the other, but greener on the outside continually." Ray
describes both the Catshead and Costard as distinct, and Leonard Mea-
ger enumerates three varieties of Costard in his list — the white, grey,
and red ; but which of these is identical with that described above, it is
difficult now to determine.
Some etymologists, and Dr. Johnson among the number, consider this
name to be derived from Cost, a head ; but what connection there is
between either the shape or other appearance of this apple, and a head,
more than any other variety, must puzzle any one to discover. Is it
not more probable that it is derived from Costatus (Anglice, costate,
or ribbed), on account of the prominent ribs or angles on its sides ?
I think this a much more likely derivation.
83. COUL BLUSH.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. vii., p. 340. Hort. Soc. Cat. eel. 3, n. 184
Mem. Cal. Hort. Soc. iv. 556.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and angular on the sides. A good
deal resembling the Hawthornden. Skin, pale yellow, marked with dull
red next the sun, and streaked and dotted with deeper red. Stalk,
slender. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, brisk, and well-flavored.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
03
An excellent culinary apple, in use from October to February. It is
said to be of finer flavor than the Hawthornden, and to be even a good
dessert apple.
The tree is hardy, a strong, vigorous, and upright grower, and an
abundant bearer. It is w^ell suited for all northern and exposed
situations.
This is one of the varieties raised by Sir G. S. Mackenzie, Bart., of
Coul, Rosshire.
84. COURT OF WICK.— Hort.
Idkntificatxon. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 187. Lind. Guide, 42. Down. Fr.
Amer. 10.5. Eog. Fr. Cult. 87.
Synonvmes.— Court of Wick Pippin, Fors. Treat. 98. Court de Wick, //ooA. Pom.
Lond. Rival Golden Pippin, ace. Ron. Pyr. Mai. Fry's Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc.
Cat. Golden Drop, I/nd. Wick's Pippin, Ibid. Wood's Huntingdon, Ibid.
Wood's Transparent, Ibid. Kingswick Pippin, Ibid. Pliillip's Reinette, Ibid.
Figure.— Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 32. Pom. Mag. t. 32. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xii
f. 23.
Fruit, below medium size; oblato-ovate, regular and handsome. Skin,
when fully ripe, of a fine clear yellow, with bright orange, which some-
times breaks out in a faint red next the sun, and covered all over
with russety freckles. Eye, large and open, with long, acuminate, and
reflexed segments, set in a wide, shallow, and even basin. Stalk, short
and slender, inserted in a smooth and even cavity, which is lined with
thin russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, very juicy, rich, and highly
flavored.
One of the best and most valuable dessert apples, both as regards the
hardiness of the tree,
and the rich and deli-
cious flavor of the fruit,
which is not inferior to
that of the Golden Pip-
pin. It is in use from
October to March.
The tree attains the
middle size, is healthy,
hardy, and an abundant
bearer. There is scarce-
ly any description of soil
or exposure where it
does not succeed, nor
is it subject to the at-
tacks of blight and can-
ker. It grows well on
the paradise stock, producing fruit much larger than on the crab, but
not of so long duration.
This variety is said to have originated at Court of Wick, in Somerset-
shire, and to have been raised from a pip of the Golden Pippin. It is
first mentioned by Forsyth, but I have not been able to discover any
facts relati\'e to its history.
04
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
80. COURT-PENDU PLAT.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. .3, n. 185. Down. Fr. Amer. 105. Gard.
Chron. 1846, 100.
Stnonymes. — Courtperdii, Lind. Guide. 43. Court-pendu plat Rougeatre, lion. Pyr.
Mai. pi. xii. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 212. Court-pendu rond gros, Hort. Soc.
Cut. ed. 1, n. 216. Court-pendu rond tres gros, Ibid. n. 218. Coui't-pendu rond
rougeatre. Ibid. n. 317. Court-pendu rosat, Diel Kernobst. xii. 171. Court-
pendu musquo, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 209. Court-pendu rouge musque, ace.
Hort. Soc. Cat. Court-pendu rouge, Bog. Fr. Cult. 41. Courpendu vermeil,
Inst. Arb. Fr. 154. Corianda Eose, Hort. Soc. Cat.ed. l,n. 200. Rosenfarbiger,
Kurtzstiel, Diel Kernobst. xii. 171. Courtpendu Rouge, Knoop Pom. 60, t. x.
Courtpendu Rosaar, Ibid. 129. Reinette Courtpendu Rouge, Ibid. 129. Der
Rothe Kurzstiel, ace. Thomp. Rode Korpendu, Ibid. Pomme de Berlin, ace.
Hort. Soc. Cat. Princesse Noble Zoete, Ibid. Garnons, Ibid. Woolaton Pippin,
Ibid. Wise Apple, ace. Thomp.
Figure. — Knoop Pom. t. x. Pom. Mag. t. 66. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xii.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin,
bright green at first on the shaded side, but changing as it ripens to
clear yellow, marked with traces of russet, and russety dots ; but entirely
covered with deep crimson, Avhich is also marked with traces of russet
on the side next the sun, extending even to some portion of the shaded
side. Eye, open, with short segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and
set in a wide, even, and deep basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a
wide and deep cavity, lined with russet, which extends over a portion
of the base. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, rich, and sugary,
with an abundance of vinous and perfumed juice.
A valuable dessert apple of the first quality ; in use from December
to May.
The tree is of small habit of growth, but very hardy and an abundant
bearer. It is well
WW^f^^^ "~\ adapted for espa-
lier training when
worked on the
paradise stock ;
and if grafted on
the Pomme Para-
dis of the French,
it may be grown
in pots, in which
it forms a beau-
tiful and interest-
ing object when
laden with its
beautiful fruit.
The bloom expands later than that of any other variety, and on that
account is less liable to be injured by spring frosts, hence, according to
Thompson, it has been called the Wise Apple.
This is not the Capendu of Duhamel, as quoted by Lindley and Down-
ing ; neither is it the Court-pendu of Forsyth and De Quintinye, that
variety being the Fenouillct Rouge of Duhamel, see No. 123. The
Courpendu of Miller is also a different apple from any of those just
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. bO
mentioned, and is distinguished by having a long and slender stalk, " so
that the fruit is always hanging downwards." The name of this variety is
derived from Corps petidu translated by some Hanging Body, whereas
that of the variety above described, is from Court pendu, signifying sus-
pended short, the stalk being so short, that the fruit, sits, as it were,
upon the branch. The name Capendu or Capendua, is mentioned by
the earliest authors, but applied to different varieties of apples. It is
met with in Ruellius, Tragus, Curtius, and Dalechamp, the latter con-
sidering it the Cestiana of Pliny. Curtius applies the name to a yellow
apple, and so also does Ruellius ; but Tragus considers it one of the
varieties of Passe-pomme, he says, " Capendua magna sunt alba et dulcia,
in quorum utero semina per maturitatem sonant, Ruellio Passipoma apel-
lantur." They are also mentioned by J. Bauhin, " Celeberrimum hoc
pomi genus est totius Europse, sic dicta, quod ex curto admodum pendeant
pediculo."
86. COWARNE RED.— Knight.
Identification and Figuke. — Ivnight, Pom. Heref. t. 28.
Fruit, of a pretty good size, a little more long than broad, but narrow
at the crown, in which appear a few obtuse and undefined plaits. Eye,
small, with very short converging segments of the calyx. Stalk, hardly
half an inch long, very stiff and straight. Skin, a small part of it pale
gold on the shaded side, and round the base, but of a bright red over a
great part, and where fully exposed to the sun, of an intense, deep, pur-
plish crimson ; there are numerous short streaks, which mark the shady
part of the fruit.
Specific gravity of its juice 1069.
A cider apple, which takes its name from the parish of Cowarne, near
Broomyard, in Herefordshire, where it was raised about the beginning
of the last century. — Lindley.
87. CRAY PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v., p. 401. Lind. Guide, 27.
Fruit, below medium size ; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin,
pale yellow with a tinge of red next the sun. Eye, small and closed,
set in an even basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow,
crisp, sweet, and highly flavored.
An excellent dessert apple, ripe in October.
This variety was raised at St. Mary's Cray, in Kent, by Richard
Waring, Esq., and was exhibited at the London Horticultural Society,
on the 15th of October, 1822.
88. CREED'S MARIGOLD.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish. Skin, fine deep rich yellow on
the shaded side ; but deep orange next the sun, and covered with beau-
tiful red, which is striped with darker red, the whole marked with patches
F
CO BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
of thin and delicate brown russet, and thickly strewed with dark russety
dots. Eye, open, with broad flat segments, and set in a narrow, shallow,
and regularly plaited basin. Stalk, short, set in a deep cavity, which is
lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and richly
flavored.
An excellent dessert apple, in use during October and November,
after which it becomes dry and meally but does not shrivel.
This variety was raised from a seed of the Scarlet Nonpareil, by Mr.
Creed, gardener, at Norton Court, near Faversham, in Kent.
89. CREEPER.— H.
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a quarter high, and
about the same in width ; somewhat conical or roundish-ovate. Skin,
smooth and shining, at first of a fine dark green on the shaded side, and
entirely covered with red, which is tljickly marked with broken streaks of
darker red on the side next the sun ; but as it ripens, the shaded side
changes to yellowish-green, and the exposed to crimson. Eye, open, set
in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a shallow cavity.
Flesh, white, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored, with a slight
aroma.
A very good second-rate summer dessert apple ; ripe in September.
This variety is very common in the Berkshire orchards.
90. DARLING PIPPIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Tlan. Or. 1796. Lind. Guide, 68.
Synonymes. — Darling, Ttea Pom. 210. Itaii Hist. ii. 1448.
Fruit, of medium size ; oblato-conical. Skin, bright lemon yellow,
thickly set with small embedded pearly specks. Eye, small, and placed
in a shallow basin, surrounded with prominent plaits. Stalk, short and
slender, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yelloAvish, firm, crisp, juicy, and
sugary, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor.
A dessert apple of good quality ; in use from November to January.
This is one of our old English varieties. It is mentioned by Rea,
in 1665, who calls it " a large gold yellow apple, of an excellent, quick,
something sharp taste, and bears well." It is also noticed by Ray as
" Pomum delicatulum Cestriae."
91. DEVONSHIRE BUCKLAND.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Gat. ed. 3, n. 97.
Synonybies. — Dredije's White Lily, Fors. Treat. 99. White Lily, arc. Hort. Soc.
Cat. ed. 3. Lily Buckland, Ibid.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a
half high ; roundish and flattened, with irregular and prominent angles
on the sides. Skin, dull waxen yellow, strewed all over with minute
russety dots, which are larger on the side exposed to the sun. Eye,
THE APPLE.— ITS VARIETIES. 67
open, set in a plaited basin. Stalk, rather deeply inserted in a i-ound
cavity, from which issue ramifications of russet. Flesh, yellow, crisp,
very juicy, brisk, sugary, and perfumed.
A very excellent apple ; of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and
suitable also for the dessert. It is in use from October to February.
The tree is quite hardy, and an excellent bearer.
92. DEVONSHIRE QUARRENDEN.— Hort.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 122. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. .3, n. 603. Down. Fr.
Amer. 71.
Synonymes. — Quarrington, Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. Devonshire Quarrington, Mort-
^r<. ii. 290. Red Quarentine, Afj/fe/- and Sweet, Cat. 1790. Red Quarenden,
Hook. Pom. Loiul. t 13, Lind. Guide, 6. Sack Apple, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,
n. 1012. Quarentine, in Devonshire.
FiGUEES. — Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 13. Pom. Mag. t. 94. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 7.
Fruit, rather below medium size ; oblate, and sometimes a little
angular in its outline.
Skin, smooth and shining,
entirely covered with deep
purplish red, except where
it is shaded by a leaf or
twig, and then it is of a
delicate pale green, pre-
senting a clear and well-
defined outline of the ob-
ject which shades it. Eye,
quite closed, with very
long tomentose segments,
and placed in an undu-
lating and shallow basin,
which is sometimes knob-
bed, and generally lined
with thick tomentum.
Stalk, about three quarters of an inch long, flieshy at the insertion,
deeply set in a round and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white tinged
with green, crisp, brisk, and very juicy, with a rich vinous, and refresh-
ing flavor.
A very valuable and first-rate dessert apple. It ripens on the tree
the first week in August, and lasts till the end of September. It is one
of the earliest summer dessert apples, and at that season, is particularly
relished, for its fine, cooling, and refreshing, vinous juice.
The tree attains a considerable size, it is particularly hardy, and a
most prolific bearer. It succeeds well in almost every soil and situation,
and is admirably adapted for orchard planting. In almost everj- latitude
of Great Britain, from Devonshire to the Moray Frith, I have observed
it in perfect health and luxuriance, producing an abundance of well
ripened fruit, which, though not so large, nor so early in the northern
parts, still possessing the same richness of flavor as in the south.
This is supposed to be a very old variety, but there is no record of it
F 2
68 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
previous to 1693, when it is meutionctl by Ray; and except by Morti-
mer, it is not noticed by any subsequent writer till within a very recent
period. It seems to have been unknown to Switzer, Langley, and Miller ;
nor do I find that it was grown in any of the London nurseries before
tiie beginning of the present century. The only early catalogue in which
I find it is that of Miller and Sweet, of Bristol, in 1790.
93. DR. HELSIIAM'S PIPPIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 8.
Fruit, medium sized ; conical, more long than broad, eight or nine
inches in circumference, a little angular on the sides. Eye, small, in a
rather wide and oblique basin. Stalk, half an inch long, deeply inserted.
Skin, yellowish-gi-een, with several redish spots ; on the sunny side
of a fine clear red. Flesh, white. Juice sweet, with a slight aromatic
flavor. ■*
Ripe in August and beginning of September.
The branches of this tree droop in the manner of a Jargonelle Pear.
It is an abundant bearer and deserves cultivation.
The original tree which is a large one, was raised by the late Dr.
Ilelsham, and is now growing in the garden of Mr. Etheredge, of Stoke
Ferry, in Norfolk. — JAnrlley.
I have never met with this variety, but as Mr. Lindley recommends
it as worthy of cultivation, and as it may be better known in Nor-
folk than elsewhere, I am induced to insert here with Mr. Lindley's own
description.
94. DOWELL'S PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 268. Lind. Guide, 27. Hort Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, p. 13.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex. Skin,
green, almost entirely covered with thin delicate russet, tinged with
brownish red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and
rather deep basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow,
tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and finely flavored.
A dessert apple in use from October to January.
This variety was raised by Stephen Dowell, Esq., of Braygrove, Berk-
shire, from a pip of the Ribston Pippin, to which it bears a close resem-
blance both in shape and flavor.
9o. DOWNTON PIPPIN.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. Hort. Tnuis. vol. i.. p. 145. Lind. Guide, 28.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 217. Down. Fr. Amer. 82.
SyNONYMES. — Elton Pippin, Fors. Treat. 135. Elton Golden Pippin, Saltsb. Or.
130. Knight's Pijipin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Knight's Golden Pippin,
Ibid. St. Mary's Pippin, Ibid. Downton's Pepping, Did Kernobst. v. B. 37.
Figures.— Pom. Heref. t. 9. Pom. Mag. t. 113.
Fruit, small, two inches broad, and an inch and three quarters high ;
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. (lO
somewhat cylindrical, and flattened at the ends, bearing a resemblance
to the Golden Pippin. Skin, smooth, of a fine lemon yellow color, and
with a slight tinge of red next the sun, marked with a few traces of deli -
cate russet, and strewed with numerous pale brown dots. Eye, large
and quite open, with long, flat, acuminate segments, set in a wide, flat,
and shallow basin. Stalk, slender, half-an-inch long, and inserted in a
shallow cavity which is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, yellowish
white, delicate, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a rich, brisk, vinous and
somewhat aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, resembling the Golden Pippin
both in size, shape, and color, as well as flavor. It is in use from
November to January.
The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, a most abundant
bearer, and attains about the middle size. It may be grown as an open
dwarf, and is well suited for espaliers. The fruit is also valuable for the
cider it produces, the specific gravity of the juice being 1080.
This excellent variety was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq.,
of Downton Castle, from the seed of the Isle of Wight Orange Pippin,
impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Pippin, and the original tree
is still in existence at Wormsley Grange, Herefordshire.
96. DRAP D'OR.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 290. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 219. Down.
Fr. Amer. 71.
Synontmes. — Vrai Draj) d'Or, Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 290. Drap d'Or Vrai, Poin. Ami.
Jard. i. 192. Bay Apple, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Bonne de Mai, Ibid. Gold-
zaugapfel, Diet. Kemobst. iii. p. 115.
I'lOURES. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, t. i. xii. 4. Hon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxvi. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and
three quarters high ; roundish, sometimes inclining to cylindrical, or
rather oblato-cylindrical. Skin, smooth and sliiuing, of a fine pale yel-
low color intermixed with a greenish tinge, which is disposed in faint
stripes extending from the base to the apex, on the shaded side ; but
of a clearer, and deeper yellow on the side next the sun, the whole
marked with patches of delicate, dark brown russet, and strewed with
numerous russety dots ; sometimes there is a faint tinge of red on the
side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with acuminate segments,
which are covered with white tomentum, and set in a wide, deep, irreg-
ular and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, and somewhat fleshy, inserted
in a wide, rather shallow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white,
tender, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk, vinous, and sugary flavor.
A pretty good apple of second-rate quality, more suitable for culinary
purposes than the dessert. It is in use from October to Christmas.
The tree is a healthy and free grower, attaining about the middle size,
and is a free and early bearer, being generally well set with fruit buds.
It requires a rich soil and warm situation.
There is another apple totally different from this to which the name
of Drap d'Or is applied. — See Fcitouillet Jdunc.
^0
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
97. DREDGE'S FAIR MAID OF WISIIFORD.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 99. Rog. Fr. Cult. ,55.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; oblato-cylindrical, with obtuse angles on the
sides. Skin, yellow, covered with large patches and reticulations of thin
brown russet, which is strewed with rougher russety freckles, and tinged
with orange and a few streaks of red next the sun. Eye, rather large,
with long acuminate segments, which almost close it ; and set in a wide,
angular, and pretty deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow, angu-
lar and smooth cavity, which is tinged with green. Flesh, yellowish,
firm, brisk, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored.
An excellent apple for culinary purposes, and even worthy of the
dessert. It is in use from December to March,
This, with the following variety, was either raised or first brought
into notice, by a Mr. William Dredg«, of Wishford, near Salisbury. In
a letter dated November, 1802, which is in my possession, he writes to
the late Mr. Forsyth with specimens of these varieties, and of this he
says, " not in eating till Easter, great bearer, most excellent flavor."
The tree is a free grower, attaining about the middle size, and is an
excellent bearer.
98. DREDGE'S FAME.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 100. Rog, Fr. Cult. 51.
Fruit, above medium size ; roundish, inclining to ovate, and furrowed
round the eye. Skin, dull dingy yellow, with a tinge of green, covered
THK Al'PLE. 1T8 VARIKTIKS. 71
with patclies of thin russet, and large russety dots, particularly over the
base ; and mottled with pale red on the side exposed to the sini. Eye,
closed, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, about three quarters of
an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh,
greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, brisk, and sugary, with a rich aromatic
flavor.
This is a valuable and very excellent apple, suitable either for dessert
use, or culinary purposes. It is in use from December to March. In
his letter to Mr. Forsyth, referred to above, Mr. Dredge says, " This is
the best apple yet known ; in eating from Easter till Midsummer — most
excellent."
The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, an early and abundant bearer,
but according to Rogers, liable to be attacked by the woolly aphis ;
still I have never found it more susceptible of that disease than most
other varieties.
There are several other varieties mentioned by Forsyth as seedlings
of Dredge's, which I have not met with, as Dredge's Queen Charlotte,
Dredge's Russet, and Dredge's Seedling. I have also in my collection,
Dredge's Emperor and Lord Nelson, both of which are grown in the
West of England, but I have not yet had an opportunity of seeing the
fruit. It is, however, a question whether these are really seedlings of
Dredge's or not ; there are several varieties to which he affixed his name,
which have been ascertained to be identical with others that existed
before him, such as Dredge's White Lily, which is synonymous with
Devonshire Buckland, and Dredge's Beauty of Wilts, which is the same
as Harvey's Pippin. Such instances tend to weaken our faith in the high
encomium passed upon him, by Rogers, of Southampton, in the " Fruit
Cultivator," and induce us to class him with those who not only change
the name of some varieties, and append their own to others under the
pretence of their being new, and seedlings of their own, but dispose of
them at greater prices than they could have procured, had they been sold,
under their correct names. We have but to glance over the Horticul-
tural Society's Catalogue, or the Index to this work, to find numerous in-
stances confirmatory of this statement.
99. DUCHESS OF OLDENBURGH.— Hort.
loENTiFicATiON. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 221. Down. Fr. Anicr. 82. Eon. Pyr.
Mai. 12.
Figure.— Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. vi. f. 6.
Fruit, large, about three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches
and a half high ; round, and sometimes prominently ribbed on the sides
and round the eye. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow on the shaded side,
and streaked with broken patches of fine bright red, on the side next
the sun, sometimes assuming a beautiful dark crimson cheek ; it is
covered all over with numerous russety dots, particularly round the eye,
where they are large, dark, and rough. Eye, large and closed, with long
broad segments, [)laced in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, long and
slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and angular cavity. Flesh, yellow-
72
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC
ish -white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a pleasant, brisk, and refresh-
ing flavor.
An excellent early dessert apple of the first quality ; ripe in the middle
of August, and continues in use till the end of September,
The tree is hardy, a free grower, and an excellent bearer.^
This variety is of Russian origin.
100. DUKE OF BEAUFORT'S PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 14. Lind. Guide, 28.
Fruit, medium sized ; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, green^
strewed with freckles of russet ; and streaked with red on the side ex-
posed to the sun. Eye, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short,
inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, and tender, very
juicy, and sub-acid.
A culinary apple of second-rate quality ; in use from October to
Chi-istmas.
101. DUMELOWS SEEDLING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. 529. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 224. Lind.
Guide, 44.
Synontmes. — Dumelow's Crab, ace. Hort. Trans. Duke of Wellington, Bon. Pyr.
Mai. 37. Normanton Wonder, ucc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Winter Hawthornden,
ace. Biv. Cat. Wellington's, Diel Kernobat. v. B. 55. Wellington's Reinette,
Ibid.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xix. pi. 1.
Fruit, large ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale yellow, strewed with
minute russety dots, and greenish eiubtducd .specks under the surface and
THE Al'l'Li:. — ITS VARIETIES. 73
with a tinge of pale red on the side next the sun, which is sometimes
almost entirely covered with a bright red cheek. Eye, large and open,
with broad, reflexed, acuminate segments, set in an irregular, uneven,
and pretty deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a
narrow, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh,
yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, and very juicy, with a slight aromatic
flavor.
One of the most valuable culinary apples ; it is in use from November
to March.
The tree is one of the strongest, and most vigorous growers, very
hardy, and an excellent bearer. The young shoots which are long and
stout, are thickly covered with large greyish white dots, which readily
distinguish this variety from almost every other.
This excellent apple was raised by a person of the name of Dumeller,
(pronounced Dumelow), a farmer at Shakerstone, a village in Leicester-
shire, six miles from Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and is extensively cultivated in
that, and the adjoining counties under the names of Dumelow's Crab.
It was first introduced to the neighbourhood of London, by Mr. Richard
Williams, of the Turnham Green Nursery, who received it from Gopsal
Hall, the seat of Earl Howe, and presented specimens of the fruit to the
Horticultural Society in 1 820. It was with him that the name of Wel-
lington Apple originated, and by which only it is now known in the
London markets.
102. DUNCAN.— Hort.
Identification. — Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 14 ?
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two
inches and a half high ; conical, with ribs on the sides which terminate
in irregular and unequal knobs round the eye. Skin, pale yellow in the
shade ; but deep orange finely veined with rich deep crimson next the
sun. Eye, partially closed with short, broad segments, and set in a
deep, irregular, and prominently angular basin. Stalk, very short, set
in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, cri,sp, juicy, and pleasantly
acid.
A handsome, showy, and very good culinary apple ; in use from
November to January.
103. DUTCH CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 155. Lind. Guide, 29. Down. Fr
Amer. 83.
Synonymes. — Chalmers's Large, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. White Codlin of the Scotch
Nurseries. Glory of the West, ace. Lind.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxvii.
Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a half
liigh ; roundish, inclining to oblong, irregularly and prominently ribbed.
Skin, pale green at first, but changing to pale yellow, with a faint tinge
of red next the sun. Eye, small, and deeply inserted in a narrow and
74
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
angular basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a deep cavity.
Flesh, white, firm, somewhat sugary, and pleasantly sub-acid.
An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use during August
and September.
The tree is healthy and vigorous, and a good bearer.
According to Lindley this variety is sometimes called Glory of the
JVest, but that is quite a different apple, see No. 141.
104. DUTCH MIGNONNE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 70. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 225.
Lind. Guide, 44. Down. Er. Amer. 107.
Synonymes. — Christ's Golden Reinette, Lipp. Taschenb. p. 405. Reinette Doree,
Mayer. Pom. Franc, t. xxx. but not of Knoop or Duhamel. Grosze oder dop-
pelte Casseler Reinette, Diel Kertiobst. iv. 140. Paternoster Aptel, Audibert.
Cat. Pomme de Laak, ace. Pom. Moig. Stettin Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Dutch Minion, Ron. Pyr. Mai Holliindische Goldreinette, ace. Ditt. Handb.
Figure.— Pom. Mag. t. 84. Ron. Pyr. Mai. t. xxvi. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, even and handsomely shaped, narrow-
ing a little to-
wards the apex,
where it is some-
times slightly
ribbed. Skin,
dull greenish-
yellow, marked
/ \ all over with
broken streaks
of pale red and
crimson, with
traces of russet,
and numerous
russety dots,
which are thick-
est round the
eye. Eye, small
and closed, with
short and point-
ed segments,
placed in a deep
and narrow ba-
sin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a round and deep cavity, which,
with a portion of the base, is lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellow,
firm, crisp, very juicy, rich, sugary, and aromatic.
A very valuable and delicious dessert apple ; in use from December
to April.
The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, and a very abundant bearer.
It attains about the middle size when fully grown. The shoots are thickly
set with fruit spurs. It is well adapted for dwarf or espalier training, and
for these purposes succeeds well on the paradise stock.
THE ArPLE. ITS VARIETIES. / 'J
105. EARLY HARVEST.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. eil. 3, n. 228. DoAvn. Fr. Amer. 72. Gard.
Chron. 1845, p. 800.
Synonymes. — Early French Reinette, Coxe. Vietv. 101. July Pippin, Flat/ Lind.
Prince's Harvest, ace. Coxe, Prince's Early Harvest, Prince Cat. Large Early,
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. July Early Pippin, Ibid. Yellow Harvest, Ibid. Large
Wliite Juneating, ace. Down. Tart Bough, Ibid. Prince's Yellow Harvest,
ace. Gard. Chron. July Early Pippin, Ibid. Pomme d'Ete', of Canada, Ibid.
Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; round. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green
at first, but changing to clear pale yellow as it ripens, and set with em-
bedded white specks, particularly round the eye. Eye, small and closed,
set in a round and shallow basin. Stalk, half an inch long, inserted in
a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a
quick and pleasantly sub-acid flavor, and as is justly remarked by Mr,
Thompson, " closely approximates that of the Newtown Pippin, of per-
fect American growth."
An estimable and refreshing early dessert apple, of the first quality ;
ripe in the end of July and the beginning of August.
The tree is a healthy, and free, though not a vigorous grower, and an
abundant bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf or espalier training when
grown on the paradise stock, and ought to find a place in every collection
however small.
Though of American origin this variety succeeds to perfection in this
country ; a qualification which few of the American apples possess.
106. EARLY JULIEN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 267. Lind. Guide, 4. Rog. Fr. Cult. 32.
Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, slightly flattened, and prominently
ribbed from the eye downwards to the base. Skin, smooth, pale yellow,
with an orange tinge next the sun, strewed all over with minute dots
and a few whitish specks. Eye, closed with broad segments, and set in
a deep, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, short, not extending beyond
the base, and inserted in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish-
white, crisp, very juicy, and with a brisk, pleasant, and refreshing flavor.
An excellent early culinary apple, of first-rate quality, ripe in the
second week of August. It might with propriety be called the Sum-
mer Hawthornden, as it equals that esteemed old variety in all its
properties.
The tree is healthy and hardy, but not a large grower. It is, however,
a good bearer, though not so much so as the Hawthornden, and is well
adapted for growing as a dwarf
This variety is said to be of Scotch origin, but I cannot ascertain
where, or when it was first discovered. It is not mentioned by Gibson,
neither is it enumerated in the catalogue of Leslie and Anderson, of
Edinburgh, or any of the Scotch nurserymen of the last century. It
was first introduced to the south by the late Mr. Hugh Ronalds, of Brent-
ford, who exhibited it at the London Horticultural Society.
76
IIRITISIT rOMOLOGY, ETC,
107. EARLY NONPAREIL.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Plan. Or 1795. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 467. Lind-
Guide, 88. Kog Fr. Cult. 67.
Synonymes. — Stagg's Nonpareil, ucc. Hort. Soc. Cat. New Nonpareil, Ibicl.
Summer Nonpareil, Bun. Cat. Hicks's Jb'ancy, Run. Pyr. Mai. 4. Lacy's Non-
pareil, ace. liogers.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 6.
Fruit, medium sized ; somewhat
oblato-ovate. Skin,
covered
dull yellow,
with thin
brownish grey russet,
and marked with large
russety dots. Eye,
open, placed in a
small, round, and ra-
ther shallow basin.
Stalk, half - an - inch
long, inserted in a
narrow, deep, and
russety cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, ten-
der, crisp, juicy, and
sugary, with a brisk
and rich aromatic fla-
vor, resembling the
old Nonpareil.
A delicious apple
for the dessert, and of the first quality ; it is in use during October and
November, after which it becomes dry and meally.
The tree is a free and upright grower, perfectly hardy, an early and
abundant bearer ; even in the nursery quarters it produces freely when
only two years from the graft. It is well adapted for dwarf and espalier
training, when grown on the paradise stock.
This esteemed variety was raised about the year 1780, by a nursery-
man of the name of Stagg, at Caister, near Yarmouth, in Norfolk. The
name of Ilicks's Fancy was given to it by Kirke, formerly a nursery-
man at Brompton, near London, from the circumstance of a person of
the name of Hicks, giving it the preference to the other varieties which
were fruited in the nursery. An instance of the absurd system by which
the names of fruits have been multiplied.
108. EARLY SPICE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, u. 786.
Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, and somewhat angular. Skin,
.smooth, of an uniform pale yellow or straw color, and thinly streAved with
greenish dots. Eye, small and open, with long, reflexed segments, and
set in a small basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, deeply in-
serted in a rather angular cavity, which is thickly lined with russet.
TlIK Al'TLE. ITS VARIETIKS. 7 t
Flesli, white, tender, marrowy and very juicy ; with a pleasant, refresh-
ing and sub-acid flavor.
An excellent early culinary apple, which is well suited for baking, and
is also good as an eating apple. It is ripe in the first week of August,
but soon becomes woolly after being gathered.
109. EARLY WAX.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, p. 14.
Stnonvme. — Wax Apple, Bon. Pyr. Mai. 3.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 1.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two inches and a half
high ; oblong, and somewhat ribbed, particularly at the base. Skin,
thick and membranous, of an uniform waxen yellow color. Eye, par-
tially open, with long reflexed segments, and set in a moderately deep
basin. Stalk, long and slender, inserted in a deep and angular cavity,
from which issue prominent ribs. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender and
soft, with a sweet and abundant juice.
A dessert apple of ordinary merit, valuable only for its earliness, as it
ripens in the first week of August, but does not keep any time.
110. ELFORD PIPPIN.— M.
Identification and Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 45.
Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and the
same in height ; roundish, inclining to ovate, and ribbed round the eye.
Skin, yellowish-green, with markings of russet on the shaded side, but
covered with red, which is striped with darker red on the side next the
sun. Eye, large, and somewhat closed, with broad flat segments like
those of Trumpington, placed in a rather deep and somewhat undulating
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined
with delicate yellowish-brown russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, and ten-
der, with a fine, brisk, sugary, and vinous flavor.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from Octo-
ber to Christmas. The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and a
good bearer.
The Elford Pippin is supposed to have been raised at Elford, near
Lichfield, where it is a very popular variety, and to which locality it is
at present chiefly confined.
111. EMPEROR ALEXANDER.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. ii., p.407. Lind. Guide, 14.
Synonymes. — Alexander, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 6, and ed. 3, n. 7. Phoenix Apple,
Brook. Pom. Brit. Aporta, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Russian Emperor, lOid. Kai-
-ser Alexander von Russland, Diel Kervobst. 2 B. 65. Aporta Nalivia, ace.
Did Kernobst.
FiGDRES. — Hort. Trans, vol. ii. t. 28. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxv. f. 2.
Fruit, of the largest size ; ovate. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow, with
78
BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC.
a few streaks of red on the shaded side ; and orange covered with streaks
and patches of bright crimson on the side exposed to the sun, the whole
strewed with numerous russety dots. Eye, large, and half open, with
broad, erect, and acuminate segments, set in deep, even, and slightly
ribbed basin. Stalk, an inch or more in length, inserted in a deep,
round, and even cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-
white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant and slightly aro-
matic flavor.
A beautiful and valuable apple, both as regards its size and quality.
It is more adapted for culinary than dessert use, but is also desirable
for the latter were it only on account of its noble appearance at the
table. It is in use from September to December.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, producing long stout shoots,
is perfectly hardy and a good bearer.
This apple was introduced to this country by Mr. Lee, nurseryman
of Hammersmith, in 1817, and was exhibited by him at the London
Horticultural Society ; the specimen produced being five inches and a
half in diameter, four inches deep, sixteen inches in circumference, and
weighed nineteen ounces. It is generally supposed that this was its first
appearance in England ; but there can be little doubt that it is the
Phvenix Apple figured by Brookshaw, whose account of it in 1808, is as
follows : — " It was much grown fifty years back in the neighbourhood of
THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETIES. 79
Twickenham, but was rather lost. The late Mr. Ash, nurseryman at
Strawberry Hill, near Twickenham, preserved it from his father, who
had an old tree of it. This specimen came from that tree. This apple
was seen in Russia by an English nobleman, who thought it so excellent
an apple, that he was induced to send some trees of it to England, and
what will appear extraordinar}' to English gardeners, they were taken up
in the summer with their leaves on, when they could not be less than
twelve years old by their appearance, and when they arrived, after being
six months befoi-e they came to hand, they were planted and produced
fruit, and are now fine trees. The apple has a bloom on it like a red
plum when on the tree, and is a very excellent beautiful apple, ripens in
October, and will keep through December. It is to be had at the late
Mr. Ash's nursery, at Strawberry Hill, near Twickenham, under the
name of Phoenix Apple, from its being lost and revived."
112. ENGLISH CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 176. Lind. Guide, 29. Rog. Fr.
Cult. 63.
SvNONTMES. — QuodHng Aust. Treat. 66. Codling. Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Old Eng-
lish Codlin, Hoi't. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 163. Common Codhn, Aber. Bot. Arr. ii. 312.
Figure. — Lang. Pom. t. Ixxiv. f. 3.
Fruit, above medium size ; conical, irregular in its shape. Skin, pale
yellow with a faint blush on the side exposed to the sun, Eye, closed,
set in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, stout, and rather deeply
inserted. Flesh, white, tender, and agreeably acid.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in August and continues
in use till October.
The trees are excellent bearers, but in most orchards they are gener-
ally found unhealthy, cankered, and full of the woolly aphis, a state pro-
duced, according to Mr. Lindley, by their being raised from suckers, and
truncheons stuck into the ground. In the " Guide to the Orchard,"
he says, " Healthy, robust, and substantial trees are only to be obtained
by grafting on stocks of the real Sour Hedge Crab ; they then grow
freely, erect, and form very handsome heads, yielding fruit as superior
to those of our old orchards, as the old, and at present deteriorated Codlin
is to the Crab itself." This circumstance was noticed by Worlidge
nearly two hundred years ago — " You may graft them on stocks as you
do other fruit, which will accelerate and augment their bearing ; but
you may save that labor and trouble, if you plant the Cions, Slips, or
Cuttings of them in the spring-time, a little before their budding ; by
which means they will prosper very well, and soon become Trees ; but
these are more subject to the canker than those that are grafted."
This is one of our oldest English apples, and still deserving of more
general cultivation than is at present given to it. Formerly it consti-
tuted one of the principal dishes in English cookery, in the shape of
" Codlings and Cream." Ray says, " Crudum vix editur ob duritiem
et aciditatem, sed coctum vel cum cremore lactis, vel cum aqua rosacea
et saccharo comestum inter laudatissima fercula habetur." The name is
derived from coddle, to parboil.
80 BRITISH l^JMOLOGY, ETC.
113. ESOPUS SPITZENBURGH.— Coxe.
Identification. — Coxe. View. 127. Down. Fr. Amer. 138.
Synonymes. — ^sopus Spitzenberg, Hort. Soc. Cut. ed. 3, 790. ^sopus Spitzen-
burg, Ken. Amer. Or. 40. True Spitzenburgh, ace. Down.
FiGUKE. — Down.Fr. Amer. 138.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ;
ovate, and regularly formed. Skin, almost entirely covered with clear
bright red, and marked with fawn-colored russety dots, except on a por-
tion of the shaded side, where it is yellow tinged and streaked with red.
Eye, small and closed, set in a moderately deep and undulating basin.
Stalk, slender, about an inch long, inserted in a wide, round, and deep
cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, juicy, richly, and briskly flavored.
A most excellent dessert apple ; in use from November to February.
This is a native of the United States, and is there considered one of
the best dessert apples. Along witji the Newtown Pippin it ranks as one
of the most productive and profitable orchard fruits, but like many, and
indeed almost all the best American varieties, it does not attain to that
degree of perfection in this country that it does in its native soil. The
tree is tender and subject to canker, and the fruit lacks that high flavor,
and peculiar richness which characterizes the imported specimens. It
was raised at Esopus, on the Hudson, where it is still grown to a large
extent.
114. ESSEX PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 239.
Fruit, small ; round and flattened, somewhat oblate. Skin, smooth,
green at first, but becoming of a yellowish-green as it ripens, and with a
faint tinge of thin red where exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with long,
reflexed, acuminate segments, placed in a shallow basin. Stalk, three
quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted in a round and even cavity.
Flesh, yellowish, firm, and crisp, with a brisk, sugary, and rich flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, nearly allied to the Golden Pip-
pin ; it is in use from October to February.
115. FAIR MAID OF TAUNTON.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 1.5
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three
quarters high ; ovato-oblate, and rather irregularly formed. Skin,
smooth and shining, thick and membranous, of a pale straw color, and
with a faint of red on the side exposed to the sun ; thickly strewed
all over with small russety dots. Eye, somewhat closed, with broad, flat
segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited
basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with
rough brown russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, sweet,
and though not richly yet pleasantly flavored.
A dessert apple, but not of the first quality ; in use from November to
February.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. »1
116. FAIR'S NONPAREIL.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Sot-. Cat. ed. 3, n. 469.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and two inches high ; ovate,
even, and regularly shaped. Skin, tender, of a bright green color at first,
but changing as it attains maturity, to a fine clear yellow without any
tinge of red. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, and finely plaited basin.
Stalk, inserted in a pretty deep cavity, which has sometimes a fleshy
protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, fine, firm, crisp, and juicy, with
a rich, refreshing, sugary, and vinous flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to
February.
117. FAMAGUSTA.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort See. Cat. ed. 3, p. 1.5.
Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and three quarters wide, and
two inches and a half high ; roundish-ovate, somewhat ribbed towards
the eye. Skin, smooth, clear deep yellow, thinly strewed with large
brownish russety dots, on the shaded side, and marked with patches and
veins of thin, delicate, pale brown russet, and a faint tinge of red on the
side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and even basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity, which
is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, sweet, aqueous, and
slightly perfumed.
A culinary apple, in use from December to February.
The Famagusta of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue cannc t be the
original Famagusta mentioned by Rea, Worlidge, and Ray, becau e Rea
says it is " a fair large early apple," which is confirmed by Wor. dge
placing it " in the number of the best early apples." The name '^,
therefore, now given to a variety different from that to which it was origi
nally applied, but which may still be in existence in some parts of the
country.
118. FARLEIGH PIPPIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 243. Lind. Guide, 68. Reg. Fr.
Cult. 97.
SvNONYME. — Farley Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 319.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblong-ovate, and with prominent ribs on the
sides, which terminate at the crown in bold ridges. Skin, yellowish-
green on the shaded side ; and brownish-red where exposed to the sun.
Eye, deeply set in an angular basin. Flesh, greenish, firm, rich, and
sugary.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from January to April.
The tree is a strong, vigorous, and upright grower, very hardy, and
an abundant bearer.
This variety originated at Farleigh, in Kent.
89 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
119. FEARN'S PIPPIN.— Hooker.
Identification. — Tlort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, n. 245. Lind. Guida, 47. Fors. Treat. 102.
Kog. Fr. Cult. 85.
Synonymes.— Clifton Nonesucli, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Ferris Pippin, Ibid. Flo-
rence Pippin, in Coven t Garden Market.
FiGDKE.— Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 43. Pom. Mag. t. 67. Ron. Pyr. Mai. t. xii. f. 2.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and flattened at both ends. Skin,
pale greenish-yelloM^, streaked with dull red on the shaded side ; and
bright dark crimson, strewed with grey dots, and small patches of russet
on the side next the sun, and extending almost over the whole surface.
Eye, large, partially open, with broad connivent segments, which are
reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, a
quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.
An excellent apple, either for th^ dessert or culinary purposes ; it is
in use from November to February.
The tree is very hardy and a great bearer. It is only of late years
that it has been brought into general cultivation, and now it is grown
very extensively by the London market gardeners, for the supply of
Covent Garden Market.
120. FEDERAL PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 540.
Fruit, below medium size ; pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish on the
shaded side ; with a little red, and a few dark red streaks on the side
next the sun ; the whole thickly covered with large russety dots, and a
few patches of russet. Eye, set in a pretty deep and ribbed basin.
Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a funnel-shaped and russety
cavity. Flesh, fine and delicate, very juicy, with a rich, sugary, and
vinous flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in December, and continues
till March.
121. FENOUILLET GRIS.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 287. t. 5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 246.
Lind. Guide, 88. Down. Fr. Amer. 110. Diel Kernobst. iv. 117. Quint. Inst.
i. 202.
Synonymes. — Fenouillet, Knoop Pom. 52. t. ix. Fenellet, Lang. Pom. 134, t. Ixxv.
f. 1. Fenouillet, d'Or Gros, ace. Hort. Soc. Cut. Gros Fenouillet ace. Calvet.
Petit Fenouillet, Ibid. Porame d'Anis, ace. Merlet. Anis, Duh. Arb. Fruit.
i. 287. George de Pigeon, ace. Knoop. 130. Graue Fenchelapfel, Diel Kernobst.
iv. 117. Grauer Fenchelapfel. Anisapfel, Maii/er Fom. Franc, t. xxxii, f. 55.
"Winter Auisreinette, Christ Handb. No. 1 1 6.
Figure.— Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pi. 99. Poit. et Turp. 151.
Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter broad, and the same in
height ; roundish-ovate, and broadest at the base. Skin, of a fine deep
yelloAv color, like a Golden Pippin, but almost entirely covei-ed with
russet, which is brown on the shaded side, and grey where exposed
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 8:3
to the sun, mixed with a tinge of redish brown. Eye, small and open,
set in a round, wide, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, crisp,
rich, sugary, and aromatic, partaking much of the flav' or of Anise — hence
the origin of one of the synonymes.
An excellent dessert apple, and when well ripened is considered of
first-rate quality by those who are partial to its peculiar flavor. It is in
season from December to March, and at an advanced period becomes
woolly.
The tree is a small and slender grower ; but an abundant bearer. It
requires a rich soil and warm situation, and succeeds well as a dwarf on
the paradise stock.
122. FENOUILLET JAUNE.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 290. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Bon. Jard.
Synontmes. — Drap d'Or, Kiwop Pom. 59. Caracter Appel, /&;(/. t. x. Pomme
de Caractere, Ibid. 130. Reinette Drap d'Or, Ibid. 130. Embroidered Pippin,
Liiid Guide, 46,
Figure. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 105.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three
quarters high ; roundish, flattened, and broadest at the base ; even and
regularly formed. Skin, fine bright yellow, marked with reticulations
of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide and pretty
deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep and funnel-shaped
cavity. Flesh, white, firm, sugary, and richly perfumed.
A. delicious little dessert apple ; in use from December to April.
The tree is a free grower, quite hardy, and an excellent bearer ; but
requires a light and warm soil.
According to Knoop, this apple is called Pomme de Caractere, from
the linear tracings of russet with which it is covered, being so disposed
as to give it the appearance of being marked with letters or characters.
123. FENOUILLET ROUGE.— Duh.
Identification — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 289. Hort. Soci Cat. ed. 3, n. 247. Lind.
Guide, 47. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Diel Kernobst. iii. 199.
Synonymes. — Courtpendu, Quint. Inst. i. 202. Reinette Courtpendu, Knoop Pom.
129. Courtpendu Gris, Ibid. 60. Reinette de Goslinga, Ibid. 129. Carpendy,
Gib'i. Fr. Gard. 355. Petit Courtpendu Gris, Inst. Arb. Fr. 154. Bardin, Schab.
Prat. ii. 88. Pomme de Bardin, liiv. et Moid. Meth. 191. Curtipendula Minora,
Bauh. Hist. i. 23. Rothe Fenchelapfel, Diel Kernobst. iii. 199. Reinette Grise
de Champagne, ace. Bret. Ecole.
Figure. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, ])\. 99. Mayer Pom. Franc, tab. xxxiii. Poit. et
Turp. pi. 67.
Fruit, small, two inches broad and about the same in height ; round-
ish, and a little flattened. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, but so entirely
covered with dark grey russet as to leave none of the ground color visible,
except that portion exposed to the sun, which is dark redish brown.
Eye, large and closed, set in a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk,
about an inch long, sometimes ol)liquely inserted, by the side of a fleshy
G 2
84 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
prominence, in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm,
rich, sugary, and highly perfumed with the flavor of anise or fennel
An excellent dessert apple ; in use from November to January.
The tree is a small grower, but an abundant bearer, and requires a
warm and rich soil to have the fruit in perfection.
124. FILL-BASKET.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in
height ; conical, round at the base, flattened at the apex, and distinctly
angular on the sides. Skin, pale dull greenish-yellow on the shaded
side, and streaked with broken patches and pencilings of pale red,
where exposed to the sun, the whole covered with russety dots. Eye,
closed, as if drawn together or puckered, placed level with the flat crown,
and with a small knob or wart at the base of each segment. Stalk, three
quarters of an inch long, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a small,
round, and shallow cavity, which is surrounded with dark brown russet.
Flesh, greenish- white, tender, juicy, and acid, with a brisk and pleasant
flavor.
An excellent culinary apple, extensively grown in the neighbourhood
of Lancaster, where it is highly esteemed ; it is in use from October to
January.
This, which may be called the Lancashire Fill-basket, is very different
from the Kentish variety of that name.
123. FLANDERS PIPPIN.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two and a quarter high ;
oblate, and marked on the sides with ten distinct angles, five of which
are more prominent than the others. Skin, pale green, changing to pale
greenish-yellow as it ripens, and occasionally tinged with a cloud of thin
dull red on the side exposed to the sun, and thinly strewed with a few
dots. Eye, closed, with long and downy segments, set in a narrow and
ribbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to an inch in length, slender,
and inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet.
Flesh, white, tender, and marrowy, juicy, and briskly flavored.
A culinary apple of second-rate quality ; in use during October and
November.
It is much grown in the Berkshire orchards.
126. FLOWER OF KENT.— Park.
Identification. — Park. Par. 587. Rail Hist. ii. 1448. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind
Guide, 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 254. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Rog. Fr.
Cult. 37.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xv. f. 2.
Fruit, large ; roundish, and considerably flattened, with obtuse angles
on the sides, wliich extend into the basin of the eye, where they form
prominent knobs on the apex. "Skin, greenish-yellow, thickly strewed
with green dots on the shaded side ; but next the sun, dull red marked
THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES.
85
with patches and streaks of livelier red, and dotted with light grey dots.
Eye, large and open, with broad reflexed segments, and placed in a large
angular basin, which is marked with russet. Stalk, an inch long, thick
and strong, deeply set in an angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm,
crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant and briskly acid flavor.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to
January.
The tree is a pretty good bearer, one of the strongest and most vigor-
ous growers, and consequently more suitable for the orchard than the
fruit garden.
This is a very old variety, being mentioned by Parkinson, Leonard
Meager, and Ray, but there is no notice of it in the works of any sub-
sequent writer till the publication of Forsyth's Treatise.
127. FLUSHING SPITZENBURGH.— Down.
Identification. — Down. Fr. Amer. 139.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin,
entirely covered with deep red, which is streaked with deeper red,
except on any small portion where it has been shaded, and there it is
green, marked with broken streaks and mottles of red, the whole surface
strewed with light grey russety dots. Eye, small and closed, very slightly
depressed, and surrounded with plaits. Stalk, nearly an inch long, in-
serted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish, tender, sweet,
juicy, and without any predominance of acid.
86
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
An American dessert apple of little value ; in use Irom October to
January.
In the Horticultural Society's Catalogue this is made synonymous
with Esopus Spitzenburgh, but it is quite a different variety.
128. FOREST STYRE.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. pi. xii-
Synonymes. — Stire, Marsh. Gloucest. ii. 251. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 799. Forest
Styre, Lind. Guide, 104.
Figure. — Pom. Heref. pi. xii.
Fruit, below medium size ; roundish, inclining to oblate, regularly
and handsomely shaped. Skin, pale yellow, with a blush of red on the
side which is exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short
obtuse segments, set in a shallow ^nd plaited basin. Stalk, very short,
inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, firm.
Specific gravity of the juice from 1076 to 1081.
This is a fine old Gloucestershire cider apple, which is extensively
cultivated on the thin limestone soils of the Forest of Dean. The cider
that it produces is strong bodied, rich, and highly flavored.
The tree produces numerous straight, luxuriant, upward shoots, like
a pollard willow ; it runs much to wood, and in deep soils attains a con-
siderable size before it becomes fruitful.
129. FORGE.— H.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, obscurely ribbed, and .sometimes nar-
rowing towards
the eye, where it
is angular. Skin,
smooth and shin-
ing, of a fine gold-
en yellow color,
strewed with mot-
tles of crimson on
the shaded side ;
and dark red
marked with
patches of deep
crimson on the
side exposed to
the sun ; some-
times when much
exposed to the
sun the yellow
assumes a deep
orange tinge.
Eye, small and
closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk, very short, not a quarter of an
inch long, inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, surrounded
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES, 87
with thick russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, mellow, juicy, sweet,
and finely perfumed.
A beautiful and valuable apple, suitable either for the dessert, culi-
nary use, or for the manufacture of cider. It is in use from October to
January.
The tree attains about the middle size, is perfectly hardy and healthy,
and quite free from canker and disease. It is a most abundant and
regular bearer.
I am surprised that this beautiful apple has hitherto escaped the
notice of pomologists, it being so universally grown, and generally
popular, in the district to which it belongs. In the north-eastern parts
of Sussex, and the adjoining county of Surrey, it is extensively culti-
vated, and I believe there is scarcely a cottager's garden where it is
not to be met with, nor is there a cottager to whom its name is not
as familiar as his own, it being considered to supply all the qualifica-
tions that a valuable apple is supposed to possess ; and although this
judgment is formed in contrast with the other varieties grown in the
district, nevertheless, the Forge is a useful and valuable apple, particularly
to a cottager, whether we consider its great productiveness, its uses as a
dessert and excellent cooking apple, or the excellent cider which it pro-
duces. It is said to have originated at a blacksmith's forge near East
Grinstead.
130. FORJMAN'S CREW.— Hort.
Identification.— Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 256. Lind. Guide, 69. Eog. Fr.
Cult. 60.
Figure. — Pom, Mag. t. 89.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and two inches
wide ; conical, and flattened at both ends. Skin, pale yellowish-green,
with redish-brown on the side exposed to the sun, covered with pale,
thin, yellowish-brown russet. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and
plaited basin. Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, greenish-
yellow, juicy, rich, and highly flavored, with much of the flavor of the
Nonpareil and Golden Pippin.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it comes into use In
November, and keeps till April.
The tree is a great bearer, but tender and subject to canker.
It is well adapted for dwarf training when worked on the paradise
stock.
This variety was raised by Thomas Seton Forman, Esq,, Pennydarron
PI ace, near Merthyr Tydvil, Glamorganshire,
131, FOULDEN PEARMAIN,— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol, iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 69. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 541,
Synonyme. — Horrex's Pearmain, ncc. Lind. in Hort. Trans.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and about the
same broad ; ovate. Skin, yellow in the shade, and clear thin red on
88 BRITISH POMULOGY, ETC,
the side exposed to the sun, strewed all over with small riissety dots.
Eye, small and open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, three
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a round and moderately deep cavity.
Flesh, yellowish, tender, very juicy, and briskly acid.
An excellent culinary apple, and suitable also for the dessert ; in use
from November to March.
This variety originated in the garden of Mrs. Horrex, of Foulden, in
Norfolk, and was first brought into notice by Mr. George Lindley, who
communicated it to the Horticultural Society, March 7, 1820.
132. FOXLEY.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 14. Ilort. Soe. Cat. ed. 3, n. 258. Lind.
Guide. 104.
Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 14.
Fruit, growing in clusters of twc» or three together, very small, not
much larger than a good sized cherry ;
roundish, and sometimes a little flattened,
and narrowing towards the crown. Skin,
deep, rich, golden yellow on the shaded
side ; and bright redish-orange on the
side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and
closed, not depressed, and surrounded
with a few knobs. Stalk, about an inch
long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which
is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow.
Specific gravity of the juice 1080.
A valuable cider apple.
This variety was raised by Thomas
Andrew Knight, Esq., from the Cherry Apple, impregnated with the
pollen of the Golden Pippin. It was named Foxleyfrom the seat of the
late Uvedale Price, Esq., in whose garden, where it had been grafted, it
first attained maturity. Mr. Knight says, " there is no situation where
the common Wild Crab will produce fruit, in which the Foxley will not
produce a fine cider,"
133. FOX- WHELP.— Evelyn.
Identification. — Evelyn Pom. Lind. Guide, 105. Fors. Treat. 101. Down,
Fr. Anier. 146. Rog. Fr. Cult. 112. Worl. Vin. 162.
Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 3.
Fruit, medium sized ; ovate, and irregularly shaped, with prominent
angles on the sides. Skin, yellow and red, mixed with a good deal of
deeper red streaked all over the fruit.
Specific gravity of the juice 1076 when the fruit is healthy ; and when
small and shrivelled it is 1080.
The juice of this variety is extremely rich and saccharine, and enters
in a greater or less proportion into the composition of many of the finest
ciders in Herefordshire, to which it communicates both strength and
flavor.
THK AITLK. ITS VAlilETlKS.
89
This is one of the oldest of our cider apples, and is enumerated by
Evelyn ; but is not so highly extolled as the Redstreak, and some other
varieties. In Evelyn's " Ad vcrtisomei Is concerning Cider," a "person
of great experience," says " Cider for strength and a long lasting drink
is best made of the Fox- Whelp of the Forest of Dean, but which comes
not to be drunk till two or three years old. By Worlidge it was " es-
teemed amons the choice cider fruits."
13 i. FRANKLIN'S GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Ilort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ert. 3, n. 283. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind. Guide,
15. Down. Fr. Anier. 83. Diel Kernobst x. 92.
Synonyme. — Sudlow's Fall Pippin, Hart. Trans, vol. iv. p. 217.
Figure. — Pom. M:ig. t. 137. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xviii. f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblato-ovate, even and regularly formed. Skin,
of an uniform deep
yellow, covered all
"s^ over with dark spots
\ interspersed with
\ fine russet, parti-
\ cularly round the
\ apex. Eye, small,
with long narrow
segments overlap-
ping each other,
partially open, and
set in a wide and
deep basin. Stalk,
short and slender,
/ about half-an-inch
long, inserted in a
round, narrow, and
smooth cavity.
Flesh, yellow, ten-
der, and crisp, very juicy, vinous, and aromatic.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to December.
The tree does not attain a large size, but is vigorous, healthy, and
hardy, and an excellent bearer. It is well suited for a dwarf or espalier,
and succeeds well on the paradise stock.
This is of American origin, and was introduced to this country by
John Sudlow, Esq., of Thames Ditton, and first exhibited at the London
Horticultural Society in 1819.
135. FRIAR.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Hercf. t. 30. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 126.
Figure.— Pom. Heref. t. 30.
Fruit, of good size ; somewhat conical, being broad at the base, and
narrow at the crown. Skin, dark grass-green on the shaded side ; and
90 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
dark muddy livid red where exposed to the sun. Eye, sunk, and sur-
rounded by four or five obtuse but prominent ridges. Stalk, short and
stiff, notw^ithstanding which the fruit is generally pendant.
Specific gravity of its juice 1073.
This is a cider apple cultivated in the north-west parts of Hereford-
shire, where the climate is cold, and the soil unfavourable, and where pro-
per attention is never paid by the farmer to the management of his cider,
which in consequence is generally fit only for the ordinary purposes of a
farm-house. — Knight.
The trees are vigorous and productive.
Mr. Knight says, " The Friar probably derived its name from some
imagined resemblance between its color and that of the countenance of
a well-fed ecclesiastic."
136. FULWOOD.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 261. Lind. Guide, 48.
Synontme. — Green Fulwood, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half
high ; roundish, with broad irregular ribs on the sides. Skin, green,
covered with broken stripes of dark dull red on the side next the sun.
Eye, large and closed, moderately depressed, and surrounded with broad
plaits. Stalk, short and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and uneven
cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, very juicy, briskly acid, and
slightly perfumed.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to
March.
137. GANGES.— Lind.
Identification.— Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 262.
Fruit, large ; oblong and irregular. Skin, green, with a few specks of
darker green interspersed ; and dashed with red on the sunny side.
Eye, hollow. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted, quite within the
base. Flesh, pale yellowish-green, sub-acid, and of good flavor.
A culinary apple ; in use from October to January. — Lindley.
138. GARTER.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 26. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 125.
Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 26.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, tapering from the base to the crown,
perfectly round in its circumference, and free from angles. Skin, pale
yellow on the shaded side ; but when exposed to the sun of a bright
lively red, shaded with darker streaks and patches quite into the crown.
Specific gravity of its juice 1066.
Though this contains but a small portion of saccharine matter, it
contributes to afford excellent cider when mixed with some of the older
varieties.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 91
139. GLORIA MUNDL— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, n. 271. Down. Fr. Ainer. 110.
Synonymes. — Monstrous Pippin, Coxe Vieiv, 117. Baltimore, //o/•^ Trans, iii. 120.
Lind. Guide, 61. Glazenwood Gloria Mundi, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. New York
Gloria Mundi, Ibid. American Gloria Mundi, Ibid. American Mammoth, Ibid.
Mammoth, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 13. Ox Apple, ace. Downing. Pomme Josephine,
Puit et Turp.y.iA\i.A2S. Pomme Melon, /izW. Belle Josephine, Ze/jewr. Belle
Dubois, ace. Dubrieul. Paternoster, Ibid. Rhode Island, Ibid. Hausmiitter-
chen, Teutsehe G. Mag. ii. 453, t. 29. Menagere, Ibid.
Figures.— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. t. 4. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiv. f. 2. Poit. et
Turp. tab. 423.
Fruit, immensely large, sometimes measuring four inches and a half
in diameter ; of a roundish shape, angular on the sides, and flattened
both at the base and the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, in-
tei'spersed with white dots and patches of thin delicate russet, and tinged
with a faint blush of red next the sun. Eye, large, open, and deeply set
in a wide and slightly furrowed basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted
in a deep and open cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh,
white, tender, juicy, and though not highly flavored, is an excellent
culinary apple.
It is in use from October to Christmas.
This variety is of American origin, but some doubts exist as to where
it was first raised, that honor being claimed by several different locali-
ties. The general opinion, however, is, that it originated in the garden
of a Mr. Smith, in the neighbourhood of Baltimore, and was first brought
over to this country by Captain George Hudson, of the ship Belvedere,
of Baltimore, in 1817. It was introduced from America into France by
Comte Lelieur, in 1804. But from the account given in the Allgemeines
Teutsches Gartenmagaztn, it is doubtful whether it is a native of Ame-
rica, for in the volume of that work for 1805, it is said to have been
raised by Herr Kiinstgartner Maszman, of Hanover. If that account is
correct, its existence in America is in all probability owing to its having
been taken thither by some Hanoverian emigrants. At page 41, vol. iii.,
Dittrich has confounded the synonymes of the Gloria Mundi with
Golden Mundi, which he has described under the name o( Monstoto's
Pepping.
140. GLORY OF ENGLAND.— H.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and over two inches and
three quarters high ; ovate, somewhat of the shape of Emperor Alex-
ander, ribbed on the sides, and terminated round the eye by a number
of puckered-like knobs. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with numerous
embedded whitish specks, particularly round the eye, and covered with
large dark russety dots, and linear marks of russet ; but on the side
exposed to the sun it is of a deeper yellow, with a few broken streaks
and dots of crimson. Eye, small and slightly closed, set in a shallow
and puckered basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, inserted in a wide, deep,
and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, juicy, sprightly,
and slightly perfumed.
An excellent culinary apple ; in use from October to January.
92 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
141. GLORY OF THE WEST.— Diel.
InENTiFiCATioN. — Diel Kemobst. xii. 83.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and
three quarters high ; oblate, ridged and angular about the eye, and
ribbed on the sides. Skin, smooth and shining, yellow, mixed in some
parts with a tinge of green, and washed with thin clear red on the side
next the sun ; the whole surface is strewed with minute russety dots,
and several large dark spots, such as are often met with on the Haw-
thornden. Eye, large, with long segments, and set in an angular basin.
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is
surrounded with a large patch of rough grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-
white, firm but tender, very juicy, with a pleasant, brisk, and slightly
perfumed flavor.
A culinary apple of first quality ; it is in use the end of October and
continues till Christmas.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attaining a great size,
and is an excellent bearer.
I had this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and it is
evidently identical with the Glory of the West of Diel, a name which,
according to Lindley, is sometimes applied to the Dutch Codlin. The
variety here described bears a considerable resemblance to that known
by the name of Turk's Cap.
142. GOGAR PIPPIN.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 126. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 273. Lind. Guide,
48. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31.
Synontme. — Stone Pippin, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, obscurely angled, and slightly flat-
tened. Skin, thick and membranous, pale green, strewed all over with
small russety dots, and faintly mottled with a tinge of brownish-red next
the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, shallow, and plaited
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a very shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-
white, tender, juicy, sugary, and brisk.
A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from January to March.
This variety is of Scotch origin, and is said to have originated at
Gogar, near Edinburgh.
143. GOLDEN HARVEY.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 275. Lind. Guide, 49.
Down. Fr. Amer. 111. Rog Fr. Cult. 61.
Synonymes.— Brandy, Fors. Treat. 95. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 45. Round Russet Har-
vey, Rea Pom. 210. Worl. Via. 159 ?
Figures. — Pom. Heref. t. 22. Pom. Mag. t. 39. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 4.
Fruit, small ; oblato-cylindrical, even and free from angles. Skin,
entirely covered with rough scaly russet, with sometimes a patch of the
THE Ari'LK. ITS VARIETIES.
y;]
yellow ground color exposed on the shaded side, and covered with
brownish-red on the side next the sun, Eye, small and open, with very
short, reflexed segments, set
in a wide, shallow, and slightl}'
plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-
inch long, inserted in a shal-
low cavity. Flesh, yellow,
firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, with
an exceedingly rich and pow-
erful aromatic flavor.
This is one of the richest
and most excellent dessert
apples ; it is in use from De-
cember to May ; but is very
apt to shrivel if exposed to
light and air as most russety
apples are.
_ The tree is a free grower,
and perfectly hardy. It at-
tains about the middle size and is an excellent bearer. When grown on
the paradise stock it is well adapted for dwarf training, and forms a good
espalier.
Independently of being one of the best dessert apples, it is also one of
the best for cider ; and from tlie great strength of its juice, the specific
gravity of which is 1085, it has been called the Brandy Apple.
144. GOLDEN KNOB.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 104. Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 279. Rog. Fr.
Cult. 54.
SvNONYME. — Kentish Golden Knob, Nunery Catalogues.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 9.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the
same in height ; ovate, sometimes a little flattened, which gives it a
roundish shape. Skin, pale green, becoming yellowish-green as it attains
maturity ; much covered with russet round the base and on the shaded
side ; but yellow, marked with streaks of a redish tinge, with crimson
dots next the sun, and thickly strewed all over with large freckles of
russet. Eye, open, generally with long segments, but in the roundish
specimens they are short and stunted, and placed in a shallow basin.
Stalk, very short, and quite embedded in the cavity. Flesh, greenish-
white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, of a brisk, sweet flavor.
A good dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; in use from December
to March.
The tree is hardy and a vigorous grower, producing enormous crops,
and on that account extensively cultivated, particularly in Kent, for the
supply of the London markets. Though a good apple it is one more
deserving the attention of the orchardist than the fruit gardener.
94 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
145. GOLDEN MONDAY.— Switz.
Synonyme. — Monstow's Pepping, Ditt. Handb. iii. 41.
Fruit, small, about two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ;
roundish, inclining to oblate. Skin, smooth, pale grass green on the
shaded side ; but fine clear golden yellow dotted with crimson dots, on
the side exposed to the sun, and in some parts marked with ramifica-
tions of very thin delicate brown russet, which generally issue from the
basin of the eye. Eye, small, and rather open, with narrow, acute, and
stiff segments, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, not
a quarter of an inch long, quite embedded in a narrow, round, and rather
deep cavity, which, with the base, is covered with very thick and rough
scaly russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, not very juicy, sugary, brisk,
and perfumed, not unlike the flavor of the Golden Pippin.
A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from Octo-
ber to Christmas.
I do not know what the Golden Mundi of Forsyth is, which he describes
as a fine handsome apple, beautifully streaked with red ; but that now
described is the Golden Monday of the Berkshire orchards, and the same
as has been cultivated in the Brompton Park nursery for upwards of a
hundred years.
The Golden Russet is sometimes called by the name of Golden Mon-
day, but it is a very distinct variety from this.
146. GOLDEN NOBLE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 524. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 280.
Lind. Guide, 49.
Fruit, large ; round, and narrowing towards the eye, handsome. Skin <
smooth, clear bright yellow, without any blush of red, but a few smaU
redish spots and small patches of russet. Eye, small, set in a round and
deep basin, surrounded with plaits. Stalk, short, with a fleshy growth
on one side of it, which connects it with the fruit. Flesh, yellow, ten-
der, with a pleasant acid juice, and baking of a clear amber color, per-
fectly melting, with a rich acidity.
A valuable culinary apple ; in use from September to December.
This was first brought into notice by Sir Thomas Harr, of Stowe Hall,
Norfolk, whose gardener procured it from a tree supposed to be the ori-
ginal, in an old orchard at Downham, and communicated it to the Hor-
ticultural Society of London, in 1820.
147. GOLDEN PEARMAIN.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 542. Lind. Guide, 70
Synonyme. — Ruckman's Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 755.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 6.
Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and a half in diameter, and the
same in height ; abrupt pearmain-shaped, irregularly ribbed on the sides,
and uneven at the apex. Skin, pale yellow, strewed with patches of rus-
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
9^
set, and covered with minute russety dots on the shaded side ; but deep
redish orange, streaked with deeper color, and strewed with minute rus-
sety dots on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with
reflexed segments, and set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Stalk,
slender, three quarters of an inch long, and obliquely inserted, with f^e-
quently a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, in a rather shallow cavity,
which is lined with green russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, very juicy,
sweet, and lacking acidity, which gives it a sickly flavor.
An apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for culinary purposes
or the dessert ; in use fi-om November to March.
The tree is an upright grower and a free bearer, but requires to be
grown in good soil.
In America this is esteemed as a cider apple.
148. GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Evelyn.
Idkntification. — Evelyn Pom. Rail Hist. ii. 1447. Switz. Fr. Gard. 135.
Pom. Heref. Lind. Guide, 16. Hurt. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 281. Down. Fr.
Amcr. 112.
Synonymes. — Small Golding Pippin, or Bayford, Meag. Eng. Gard. 85. Barford
Pippin, ace. Rail Hist. Russet Golden Pippin, Lang. Pom. 130, t. Ixxix. f. 5.
Balgown Pippin, Leslie and Anders. Cat. English Reinette, ace. West. Univ.
Bot. iv. 139. Old Golden Pippin, Rog. Fr. Cult. 98. English Golden Pippin,
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 382. London Golden Pippin, Ibid. 387. Herefordshire
Golden Pippin, Ibid. 384. Milton Golden Pippin, Ibid. 388. Wartcr's Golden
Pippin, Ibid. 394. Balgone Pipjnn, Ibid. 35. Balgnne Golden Pippin, ace. Ibid.
ed. 3. Bayfordbury, ace. Ibid. ed. 3. American Plate, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 63,
pi. xxxii. f. 2. Guolden Peppins, Quint. List. i. 202. Reinette d'Angleterre,
Schab. Prat. ii. 88 Pepin d'Or, Knoop Pom. 54, tab. ix. Pomme d'Or, Duh. Arb.
Fruit, i. 292, t. 7. Gelbe Englische Pipe, Meyen Baumsch. No. 14. Gold
Pepping, Diel Kernobst. ii. 69. Peppin d'Or, Knoop. Pom. tab. ix. Goud Pep-
ping,/6/c?. 131. Goudeling's Pepping, /Ziid Gulden Pipping, 7i('rf. Engelsche
G^)ud Pepping, Ibid. Litle Pepping, Ibid. Koenings Peppeling, Hort. Soc.
Cat. ed. ], n. 527.
FiGURES.^Pom. Heref. t. 2. Hook. Pom. Lond. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xviii. f. 5.
Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 108.
Fruit, small ; roundish, inclining to oblong, regularly and handsomely
shaped, Avithout inequalities
or angles on the sides. Skin,
rich yellow, assuming a deep
golden tinge when perfectly
ripe, with a deeper tinge
where it has been exposed
to the sun ; the whole surface
is strewed with russety dots,
which are largest on the
sunny side, and intermixed
with these are numerous em-
bedded pearly specks. Eye,
small and open, with long
segments, placed in a shal-
low, smooth, and even basin.
Stalk, from half-an-inch to an
inch in length, inserted in a
96 BRITISH POMOLO(iY, ETC.
pretty deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, very juicy and sugary,
with a brisk, vinous, and particularly fine flavor.
One of the oldest and by far the most highly esteemed of our dessert
apples, and neither the Borsdorffer of the Germans, the Reinette of the
French, nor the Newtown Pippin of the Americans, will ever occupy in
the estimation of the English the place now accorded to the Golden Pip-
pin. It is also an excellent cider apple. The specific gravity of its juice
is 1078.
It is in season from November to April.
The tree is a free and vigorous groAver, but does not attain a great
size. It is also an excellent bearer.
When and where the Golden Pippin was first discovered, are now mat-
ters of uncertainty ; but all writers agree in ascribing to it an English ori-
gin, some supposing it to have originated at Parham Park, near Arundel,
in Sussex. Although it is not recorded at so early a period as some others,
there is no doubt it is a very old variety. It is not, however, the " Golding
Pippin " of Parkinson, for he says " it is the greatest and best of all sorts
of Pippins." It Avas perhaps this circumstance that led Mr. Knight to
remark, that from the description Parkinson has given of the apples cul-
tivated in his time, it is evident that those now known by the same
names, are different, and probably new varieties. Bat this is no evidence
of such being the case, for I find there were two sorts of Golden Pippin,
the " Great Golding,"' and the " Small Golding, or Bayford," both of
which are mentioned by Leonard Meager, and there is no doubt the
" Golding Pippin," of Parkinson, was the " Great Golding." Whether
it was because it was little known, or its qualities were unappreciated,
that the writers of the I7th century were so restrictive in their praises
of the Golden Pippin, it is difficult to say ; but true it is whilst Pear-
mains, Red Streaks, Codlings, and Catsheads, are set forth as the deside-
rata of an orchard, the Golden Pippin is but rarel}^ noticed. Ralph Aus-
tin calls it " a very speciall apple and great bearer." Evelyn certainly
states that Lord Clarendon cultivated it, but it was only as a cider apple :
for he says " at Lord Clarendon's seat at Swallowfield, Berks, there is an
orchard of 1000 Golden and other cider Pippins." In his Treatise on
Cider he frequently notices it as a cider apple ; but never in any place
that I can recollect of as a dessert fruit. In the Pomona, he says,
" About London and the southern tracts, the Pippin, and especially the
Golden, is esteemed for making the most delicious cider, most whole-
some, and most restorative." Worlidge merely notices it as " smaller
than the Orange Apple, else much like it in color, taste, and long keep-
ing." Ray seems the first who fully appreciated it, for after minutely
and correctly describing it, he says, " Ad omnes culinse usus praestan-
tissimum habetur, et Pomaceo conficiendo egregium." De Quintinye's
remarks are not at all complimentary. He says it has altogether the
character of the paradise or some other wild apple, it is extremely yellow
and round, little juice, which is pretty rich, and without bad flavor.
But the Jardinier Solitaire, more impartial, or with better judgment,
says, " son cau est tres sucree ; elle a le gout plus releve que la Reynette ;
c'est ce que luy donne le merite d'etre reconnue pour une tres excellente
pomme." The opinion of Angran de Rueneuve is also worth recording.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 97
" La Pomme d'Or est venue d'Angleterre ; on I'y apelle Goule-Pepin.
J'estime qu'elle doit etre la Reyne des Pommes, et que la Reynette ne
doit marche qu' apres elle ; car elle est d'un plus fin relief que toutes
les autres Pommes." Switzer calls it " the most antient, as well as most
excellent apple that is." But it is not my intention to record all that
has been written in praise of the Golden Pippin, for that of itself would
occupy too much space, my object in making these extracts being simply
to show the gradual progress of its popularity.
The late President of the London Horticultural Society, T. A. Knight,
Esq., considered that the Golden Pippin, and all the old varieties of
English apples, were in the last stage of decay, and that a few years
would witness their total extinction. This belief he founded upon the
degenerate state of these varieties in the Herefordshire orchards, and
also upon his theory that no variety of apple will continue to exist more
than 200 years. But that illustrious man never fell into a greater error.
It would be needless to enter into any further discussion upon a subject
concerning which so much has already been said and written, as there is
sufficient evidence to confute that theory. The Pearmain, which is the
oldest English apple on record, shows no symptoms of decay, neither
does the Catshead, London Pippin, Winter Quoining, or any other variety ;
those only having been allowed to disappear from our orchards, which
were not worth perpetuating, and their places supplied by others infinitely
superior.
It is now considerably upwards of half a century since this doctrine
was first promulgated, and though the old, exhausted, and diseased trees
of the Herefordshire orchards, of which Mr. Knight spoke, together with
their diseased progeny — now that they have performed their part, and
fulfilled the end of their existence — may ere this have passed away, we
have the Golden Pippin still, in all the luxuriance of early youth, where
it is found in a soil congenial to its growth ; and exhibiting as little
symptoms of decay as any of the varieties which Mr. Knight raised to
supply the vacancy he expected it to create.
In the Brompton Park Nursery, where the same Golden Pippin has
been cultivated for nearly two centuries, and continued from year to
year by grafts taken from young trees in the nursery quarters, I never
saw the least disposition to disease, canker, or decay of any kind ; but,
on the contrary, a free, vigorous, and healthy growth.
But this alarm of Mr. Knight for the safety of the Golden Pippin, and
his fear of its extinction, were based upon no new doctrine, for we find
Mortimer a hundred years before, equally lamenting the Kentish Pippin.
After speaking of manures, &c., for the regeneration of fruit trees, he
says, " I shall be glad if this account may put any upon the trial of
raising that excellent fruit the Kentish Pippin, which else, I feai-, will
be lost. For I find in several orchards, both in Kent, Essex, and Hert-
fordshire, old trees of that sort, but I can find no young ones to prosper.
A friend of mine tried a great many experiments in Hertfordshire, about
raising them, and could never get them to thrive, though he had old
trees in the same orchard that grew and bore very well. I likewise tried
several experiments myself, and have had young trees thrive so well,
as to make many shoots of a yard long in a year, but these young shoots
H
98
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
were always blasted the next year, or cankered ; whicli makes me think
that the ancients had some particular way of raising them, that we have lost
the knowledge of." Although this was written a hundred and fifty years
ago, we have the Kentish Pippin still, which though not so much culti-
vated, or so well known now as then, is nevertheless where it does exist
as vigorous and healthy as ever it was.
149. GOLDEN REINETTE.— Hort.
Idkwtification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. G61. Lind. Guide, .50. Down. Fr.
Amer. 129. Rog. Fr. Cult. 101.
Stnonymes. — Aurore, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. I, 26. Dundee, Ibid. 289. Megginch
Favorite, Ibid. 600. Princcsse Noble, Ibid.Sl^. Eeinette d'Aix, Ibid. 860. Rci-
nette Gielcn, Ibid, 888. Yellow German Reinette, ace. Hurt. Soc. Cat. ed. 3 .
Elizabeth, Ibid. Englisc Pijipin, Ibid. Wygers, Ibid. Court -pendu dorce, Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 206. Kirke's Golden Reinette, Roy. Fr. Cult. 102. Golden
Renet. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. Golden Rennet, Latig. Pom. 134, t. Ixxvi. f. 6.
Fors. Treat. 103. Pomme Madame, Knoop Pom. 65, t. xi. Wyker Pipping,
Ibid. 132.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 69. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xii. f. 6.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and a little flattened. Skin, a fine deep
yellow, which to-
wards the sun is
tinged with red,
streaked with
deeper and live-
lier red, and dot-
ted all over with
russetydots. Eye,
large and open,
with short dry
segments, and set
in a wide and
even basin. Stalk,
half-an-inch long,
deeply inserted in
a round and even
cavity. Flesh, yel-
low, crisp, brisk,
juicy, rich, and
sugary.
A fine old dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from Novem-
ber to April.
The tree is healthy, vigorous, and an abundant bearer. It requires a
light and warm soil, and is well adapted for dwarf training when worked
on the paradise stock. Large quantities of this fruit are grown in the
counties round London for the supply of the different markets, where
they always command a high price.
This variety has been long known in this country and esteemed as one
of the finest apples. Worlidge, in 1676, says, " It is to be preferred in
our plantations for all occasions." Ellis, in his " Modern Husband-
THE APPLE. — ITS VAPJETIES. 99
man," 1744, says, " The Golden Rennet, when of the largest sort, may
be truly said to be the farmer's greatest favorite apple, because when all
others miss bearing, this generally stands his friend, and bears him large
quantities on one tree."
150. GOLDEN RUSSET.— Ray.
Identification. — Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 740. Lind. Guide,
80. Fors. Treat. 103. Hog. Fr. Cult. 105. Down. Fr. Amer. 132.
Synonyme. — Aroniatick, or Golden Russeting, Worl. Vin. 1,56.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxix. f. 2.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; ovate. Skin, thick, covered with dingy
yellow russet, which is rough and thick on the shaded side, and round
the base ; and sometimes with a little bright red on the side next the
sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a prominently plaited basin. Stalk,
very short, inserted in an uneven cavity, and not protruding beyond the
base. Flesh, pale yellow, firm, crisp, sugary, and aromatic ; but not
abounding in juice.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December
to March.
The tree is healthy and an excellent bearer, but requires a warm
situation to bring the fruit to perfection.
This is another of our old English apples. Worlidge calls it the Aroma-
tick, or Golden Russeting, " it hath no compear, it being of a gold-color
coat, under a russet hair, with some warts on it. It lives over the winter,
and is, without dispute, the most pleasant apple that grows ; having a
most delicate aroniatick hautgust, and melting in the mouth."
151. GOLDEN STREAK.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
and a quarter high ; ovate. Skin, fine clear yellow, marked all over with
broken streaks of fine bright crimson. Eye, large and open, consider-
ably depressed. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a russety basin.
Flesh, yellow, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
A Somersetshire cider apple.
152. GOLDEN WINTER PEARMAIN.— Diel.
Identification. — Diel Kernobst. x. 174.
Stnonymes.— King of the Pippins, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 383. Fors. Treat. 110.
Lind. Guide, 31. Down. Fr. Amer. 88. Hampshire Yellow, Hort. Soc. Cat.
cd. 1, 431. Hampshire Yellow Golden Pippin, Rog. Fr. Cult. 86. Jones's
Southamj^ton Pippin, ace. Rogers.
FioDRES.— Pom. Mag. t. 117. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxviii. f. 4.
Fruit, medium sized ; abrupt pearmain -shaped, broadest at the base.
Skin, smooth, of a deep, rich, golden yellow, which is paler on the shaded
side than on that exposed to the sun, where it is of a deep orange, marked
H 2
100
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
with streaks and mottles of crimson, and strewed with russety dots. Eye,
large and open, with long, acuminate, and reflexed segments ; and placed
in a round, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch
long, stout, and inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with
thin pale brown russet mixed with a tinge of green. Flesh, yellowish-
white, firm, breaking, juicy, and sweet ; with a pleasant and somewhat
aromatic flavor.
A beautiful and very handsome apple of first-rate quality, and suitable
either for the dessert or for culinary purposes ; it is in use from the end
of October to January.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, a most abundant bearer, and
attains a considerable size. It is perfectly hardy, and will grow in almost
any situation.
This variety was first brought into notice by Mr. Kirke, a nursery-
man, at Brompton, under the name of King of the Pippins. I have,
however, thought it advisable to discontinue that name in connection
with this variety, because Diel previously possessed and described it
xnider the name of Golden Winter Penrmain, which is much more appro-
priate ; and the name of King of the Pippins belongs to another and
very distinct variety. — See No. 199.
153. GOOSEBERRY.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 203.
Fruit, very large ; roundish-ovate. Skin, smooth, deop lively green.
with a brownish tinge where exposed to the sun ; strewed all over with
THE APrLE. ITS VARIETIES. 101
minute russety dots, which are large and redish next the sun. Eye, open,
with broad, flat, ovate segments, set in a deep and plaited basin. Stalk,
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep, round, and slightly
russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, very tender, delicate, and mar-
rowy, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple of the finest quality, and surpassed by none for the
purpose to which it is applicable ; it is in use from October to January,
This is a valuable apple to the market gardener, and is now exten-
sively cultivated in the Kentish orchards, particularly about Faversham,
and Sittingbourne, for the supply of the London Markets. This is a
very different apple from the Gooseberry Pippin of Ronald's Pyrus Malus
Breutfordensis.
154. GRANGE.— Knight.
Identification.— Pom. Heref. t. 7. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 295. Lind. Guide,
106.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 6.
Fruit, below medium size ; roundish, regularly and handsomely shaped.
Skin, smooth, of a rich golden yellow, assuming a slight orange tinge next
the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open,
with broad, flat, and reflexed segments; and scarcely at all depressed.
Stalk, very short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity, which
is tinged with green color and slightly russety. Flesh, yellow, firm,
crisp, sugary, and briskly flavored.
A very excellent apple either for the dessert or for the manufacture
of cider ; it is in use from October to January.
The specific gravity of its juice is 1079.
The tree is perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer.
This is one of the excellent productions of T. A. Knight, Esq. It
was raised in 1791, from the seed of the Orange Pippin, impregnated
with the pollen of the Golden Pippin, and introduced in 1802. The
original tree is at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire.
155. GRANGE'S PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Stnonime. — Grange's Pipphi, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height ; pearmain-
shaped, as large, and very much the shape of the Royal Pearmain.
Skin, yellow, with a tinge of green, and studded with embedded pearly
specks, on some of which are minute russety points, on the shaded
side ; but marked with broken stripes and spots of crimson, inter-
spersed with large russety dots on the side exposed to the sun.
Eye, partially closed with broad flat segments, set in a round, deep,
and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, stout, and rather fleshy, in-
serted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, ten-
der, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A fine large apple of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and also
102 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
very good for the dessert. It bakes beautifully, and has a fine and plea-
sant acid ; it is in use from November to February.
The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer.
156. GRAVENSTEIN.— Hort.
Identification — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 297. Lind. Guide, 71. Hort. Trans,
vol. iv. p. 216. Fors. Treat. 104. Down. Fr. Amer. 85.
Synonymes. — Grave Slije, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Sabine, of the Flemings, I/jmI.
Gi-afensteiner, Diel Kernohst. viii. 8. Sickler Obstgdrt. xxi. 116.
Figures. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. t. 21. Pom. Mag. t. 98. Ron. Pyr . Mai. pi. x. f. 1 .
Fruit, above the medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and
tliree quarters high ; roundish, irregular, and angular on the sides, the
ribs of which extend from the base even to the eye. Skin,, smooth,
clear pale waxen-yellow, streaked and dotted with lively crimson, in-
termixed with orange, on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open,
with long segments, which are a little reflexed, and set in an irregu-
lar, angular, and knobbed basin, which is sometimes lined with fine
delicate russet, and dotted round the margin with minute russety dots.
Stalk, very short, but sometimes three quarters of an inch long, set
in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, with a
rich, vinous, and powerful aromatic flavor ; and if held up between the
eye and the light, with the hand placed on the margin of the basin of the
eye, it exhibits a transparency like porcelain.
This is a very valuable apple of the first quality, and is equally desira-
ble either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it is in use from October
to December.
The tree is hardy, a vigorous and healthy grower, and generally a good
bearer. It has somewhat of a pyramidal habit of growth, and attains a
considerable size.
Though not of recent introduction, this beautiful and excellent apple
is comparatively but little known, otherwise it would be more generally
cultivated. It is one of the favorite apples of Germany, particularly
about Hamburgh, and in Ilolstein, where it is said to have originated in
the garden of the Duke of Augustenberg, at the Castle of Grafenstein.
The original tree is said to have been in existence about the middle of
the last century. According to Diel some suppose it to be of Italian
origin.
157. GREEN TIFFING.— H.
Synonyme. — Mage's Johnny, m Lancashire.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half high, and about the same
in width ; conical, rounded at the base, and somewhat angular and
ribbed on the sides and round the eye. Skin, smooth, green at first,
but changing as it ripens to yellowish-green ; next the sun it is quite
yellow, strewed with minute russety dots, and a few dots of red. Eye,
small and closed, set in a shallow basin, and surrounded with prominent
plaits. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep ca\'ity. Flesh, white, crisp,
tender, very juicy, and pleasantly acid.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
103
A most excellent culinary apple ; in use from September to December.
This is an esteemed variety in Lancashire, where it is extensively
cultivated.
The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer.
158. GREEN WOODCOCK.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and a half
high ; round, and somewhat flattened. Skin, green, changing to yellow
on the shaded side, and dotted with a few grey dots ; but red, mottled
with broad broken stripes of darker red on the side next the sun, which
become paler as they extend to the shaded side. Eye, open, with long
acuminate segments, deeply set in an angular basin. Stalk, short, in-
serted in a shallow cavity, lined with rough russet, which extends over
the base. Flesh, white, deeply tinged with green, tender, juicy, and
briskly flavored.
A culinary apple ; in use from October to Christmas.
This variety is grown in some parts of Sussex particularly about Hails-
hani and Heathfield.
159. GREENUP'S PIPPIN.— H.
Synonyme.— Greenus's Pippin, of some Catalogues.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and a half
high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and with a prominent rib on one
side, extending from the base to the crown. Skin, smooth, pale straw
colored tinged with green, on the shaded side ; but covered with beautiful
bright red on the side next the sun, and marked with several patches of
thin delicate russet. E3'e, closed, with long flat segments, placed in a
rounti, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a
104 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
wide cavity. Flesh, pale yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, and
briskly flavored.
An excellent apple, either for culinary or dessert use.
In the northern counties it is a popular and highly esteemed variety,
and ranks as a first-rate fruit. It is in use from October to December.
The tree is hardy and healthy ; it does not attain a large size, but is
an abundant bearer. When grown against a wall, as it is sometimes in
the North of England, and border counties, the fruit attains a large size,
and is particularly handsome and beautiful.
This variety was first discovered growing in the garden of a shoe-
maker, at Keswick, named Greenup, and was first cultivated and made
public by Clarke and Atkinson, nurserymen at that place about fifty
years ago. It is now much cultivated throughout the border counties,
and is a valuable apple where the more choice varieties do not attain
perfection.
160. GREY LEADINGTON.— Gibs.
Identification. — Gibs. Fr. Gard. 354. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31. Fors. Treat. 1 1 1.
Hort. Soc. Cat.ed. 3, n. 401.
SvNONVMES. — Leadington's Grauer Pipping, Diel Kernohsi. x. 144. Gray Lead-
ington Pippin, Ibid.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in
height ; oblong or conical, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin,
greenish-yellow, covered with cinnamon-colored russet, on the shaded
side, and pale red when exposed to the sun ; the whole covered with
whitish-grey dots. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments,
and set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a
pretty deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, tender, very juicy, and of a rich,
vinous, sugary, and aromatic flavor.
An excellent apple of first-rate quality, desirable either for the dessert
or for culinary purposes ; it is in use from September to January.
The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, hardy, and an excellent bearer.
It succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise stock.
This is a favorite apple in Scotland, where it ranks among the best
dessert fruits.
161. GROS FAROS.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 385. Scliab. Prat. ii. 90. Hort. Soc Cat.
ed. 3, n. 244.
Synontme. — Faros, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ;
roundish and flattened, broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the
eye, sometimes slightly angled. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, with
a few streaks of red where shaded ; and entirely covered with red, which
is striated with deeper red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and
open, set in a narrow, round, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch
long, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with dark brown
russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, firm, juicy, sweet, slightly acid, and
perfumed.
THE APPLE, ITS VARIETIES. 105
A dessert apple of good but not first-rate quality ; in use from Decem-
ber to March.
The tree is healthy and vigorous, and a good bearer.
162. HAGLOE CRAB.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 5. Fors. Treat. 106. Lind. Guide, 107.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; ovate, flattened,
and irregularly shaped. Skin, pale yellow, streaked with red next the
sun, and covered with a few patches of grey russet. Eye, open, with
flat, reflexed segments. Stalk, short. Flesh, soft and woolly, but not
dry.
Specific gravity of its juice 1081.
This is a most excellent cider apple ; the liquor it produces being
remarkable for its strength, richness, and high flavor. It requires, how-
ever, to be grown in certain situations ; a dry soil with a calcareous
subsoil, being considered the best adapted for producing its cider in
perfection. Marshall says, " It was raised from seed by Mr. Bellamy,
of Hagloe, in Gloucestershire, grandfather of the present Mr. Bellamy,
near Ross, in Herefordshire, who draws from it (that is, from trees grafted
with scions from this parent stock) a liquor, which for richness, flavor,
and pure on the spot, exceeds perhaps every other fruit liquor which
nature and art have produced. He has been offered sixty guineas for a
hogshead (about 1 10 gallons) of this liquor. He has likewise been offered
bottle for bottle of wine, or spirituous liquors, the best to be produced ;
and this without freight, duty, or even a mile of carriage to enhance its
original price.
163. HALL DOOR.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors, Treat. 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 313. Eog. Fr.
Cult. 57.
FiGDKE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. f. 1.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quar-
ters high ; oblate, puckered round the eye. Skin, pale green at first, but
changing to dull yellow, streaked with red. Eye, set in a wide and irregu-
lar basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a moderately deep cavity.
Flesh, white, firm, but coarse, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.
A dessert apple of ordinary merit ; in use from December to March.
164. HAMBLEDON DEUX ANS.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 202. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 83.
Fig DUE. — Ron Pyr. Mai. pi. xlii. f. 4.
■ Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high ;
roundish, rather broadest at the base. Skin, greenish-yellow in the
shade; and dull red, streaked with broad stripes of deeper and brighter
red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, green-
ish-white, firm, crisp, not very juicy, but richly and briskly flavored.
101) BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
One of the most valuable culinary apples, and not unworthy of
the dessert ; it is in use from January to May, and is an excellent
keeper.
This variety originated at Hambledon, a village in Hampshire, where
there are several trees of a great age now in existence.
165. HAN WELL SOURING.— Hot t.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 219. Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 319.
Lind. Guide, 71.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxx. f. 4.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three
quarters high ; roundish-ovate, angular, or somewhat five-sided, and nar-
rowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow, sprinkled with large rus-
sety dots, which are largest about the base ; and with a faint blush of
red next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin,
which is lined with russet. Stalk, very short, inserted in an even funnel-
shaped cavity, from which issue ramifications of russet. Flesh, white,
firm, crisp, with a brisk and poignant acid flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use in December
and keeps till March, when it possesses more acidity than any other
variety which keeps to so late a period.
It is said to have been raised at Hanwell, a place near Banbury, in
Oxfordshire.
1613. HARGREAVE'S GREEN-SWEET.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a half high ; oblato-cylindrical, angular on the sides, with
prominent ridges round the eye. Skin, yellow, tinged with green, on
the shaded side ; but deeper yellow tinged with green, and marked
with a few faint streaks of red next the sun, and strewed all over with
small russety dots. Eye, half open, with linear segments, placed in a deep
and angular basin, which is surrounded with ridges formed by the termi-
nation of the costal angles. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slen-
der, and inserted in a deep, round cavity, which is lined with rough
russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, and perfumed.
A good dessert apple but lacks acidity ; it is in use during September
and October.
About Lancaster this is a well-known apple. The original tree, which
is of great age, is still standing in the nursery of John Hargreave and
Sons, hence it is called Hargreave's Green-Sweet.
167. HARVEY APPLE.— Park.
Identification — Park. Par. 587. Aust. Orch. .54. Worl. Vin. 159. Rail Hist. ii.
1448. Switz. Fr. Card. 138. Lind. Guide, 72.
Synonyme. — Doctor Harvey, Hoit. Sue. Cat. cd. 3, n. 208.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about the same high ; ovate, iand
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 107
somewhat angular. Skin, greenish-yellow, dotted with green and white
specks, and marked with ramifications of russet about the apex. Eye,
small, very slightly depressed, and surrounded with several prominent
plaits. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in an uneven and deep cavity.
Flesh, white, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, and perfumed.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, well-known and extensively cul-
tivated in Norfolk ; it is in use from October to January.
The tree is large, hardy, and a great bearer.
In the Guide to the Orchard, it is said, " When baked in an oven
which is not too hot, these apples are most excellent ; they become
sugary, and will keep a week or ten days, furnishing for the dessert a
highly flavored sweetmeat."
This is one of the oldest English apples. It is first mentioned l)y
Parkinson as " a faire, greate, goodly apple ; and very well rellished."
Ralph Austen calls it " a very choice fruit, and the trees beare well."
Indeed it is noticed by almost all the early authors. According to Ray
it is named in honor of Dr. Gabriel Harvey, of Cambridge, " Pomum
Harveianum ab inventore Gabriele Harveio Doctore nomen sortitum
Cantabrigian sua; deliciae."
168. HARVEY'S PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 19.
Synonyme. — Dredge's Beauty of Wilts, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Bog. Fr. Cult. 53.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, but
washed with fine red on the side next the sun, and marked with crimson
dots. Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, and richly flavored.
An excellent and useful apple either for culinary purposes or dessert
use ; it is in season from December to February.
The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer ; it attains above
the middle size, and may be grown either as an open dwarf, or an espa-
lier, when grafted on the paradise stock.
169. HARVEY'S WILTSHIRE DEFIANCE.— H.
Fruit, of the largest size ; conical, and very handsomely shaped, dis-
tinctly five-sided, having five prominent and acute angles descending
from the apex, till they are lost in the base. Skin, fine deep sulphur yel-
low ; of a deeper shade on the side which is exposed to the sun, and
covered all over with minute russety dots, with here and there ramifying
patches of russet. Eye, pretty large and open, with short ragged seg-
ments, and set in a rather shallow and angular basin. Stalk, very short,
about half-an-inch long, and not extending beyond the base, inserted in
a round and deep cavity, lined with rough scaly russet, which branches
out over a portion of the base. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy,
sugary, vinous, and richly flavored. Core, very small for the size of the
apple.
A very handsome and most desirable apple, being of first-rate quality,
either as a dessert or culinary fruit ; it is in use from the end of Octo-
ber to the beginning of January.
108
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC,
This variety seems to be comparatively little known ; but it is well
deserving the notice either of the fruit gardener, or the orchardist ; to the
latter particularly so, as its size, fine appearance, and handsome shape
make it attractive at market ; and its solid and weighty flesh give it an
advantage over many apples of its size.
170. HAUTE BONTE.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 315. Qumt. Inst. i. 203. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 323.
Synonymes. — Reinette grise, haute bonte, Bon Jard. 1843, 514. Blandilalie, m
Poitou, ace. Quint.
FiGOKES. — Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pi. 106. Dull, Arb. Fruit, i. pi. xii. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, somewhat ribbed on the sides, and
flattened at both ends ; broadest at the base, and narrowing towards
the apex, which is terminated by prominent ridges. Skin, smooth and
shining, green at first, but changing to yellow as it ripens, and with a
faint tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, half open, with
long acuminate segments, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, half-
an-inch long, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity. Flesh, greenish-
white, tender, juicy, sugary, rich, brisk, and aromatic.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 109
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality when grown to perfec-
tion ; it is in use from January to May.
This is a variety of the Reinette Grise, and a very old French apple.
171. HAWTHORNDEN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n, 324. Lind. Guide, 17. Down. Fr.
Anier. 86. Hog. Fr. Cult. 26.
Synonvmks. — Hawthorndcan, Fora. Treat. 107. White Hawthorndean, Nicol.
Gard. Kal. 256. Red Hawtliorndean, ace. Hort, Soc. Cat. Wliite Apple, ace.
Nicol. Villa Gard. 30.
Figure.— Hook Pom. Lond. t. 44. Pom. Mag. t. 34. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iv. f. 1.
Fruit, varying very much in size, according to the situation and con-
dition of the tree ; sometimes it is very large, and again scarcely attain-
ing the middle size ; generally, however, it is above the medium size ;
roundish and depressed, with occasionally a prominent rib on one side,
which gives it an irregularity in its appearance. Skin, smooth, covered
with a delicate bloom ; greenish-yellow, with a blush of red on one side,
which varies in extent and depth of color according as it has been more
or less exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with broad and flat
segments, placed in a pretty deep and irregular basin. Stalk, short,
stout, and sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity.
Flesh, white, crisp, and tender, very juicy, with an agreeable and plea-
sant flavor.
One of the most valuable and popular apples in cultivation. It is suit-
able only for kitchen use, and is in season from October to December.
The tree is very healthy and vigorous, and as an early and abundant
bearer is unrivalled by any other variety. It succeeds well in almost
every description of soil and situation where it is possible for apples to
grow.
This variety was raised at Hawthornden, a romantic spot near Edin-
burgh, celebrated as the birthplace and residence of Drummond the
poet, who was born there in 1585. I have never learnt at what period
the Hawthornden was first discovered. The first mention of it is in the
catalogue of Leslie and Anderson, of Edinburgh ; but I do not think
it was known about London till 1790, when it was introduced to the
Brompton Park nursery.
172. HERMANN'S PIPPIN.— H.
Synonyme. — Grosser Gestreifter Hermannsapfel, Diet Kernobst. vii. 99 ?
Fruit, above medium size, three inches broad, and the same in height ;
roundish, and irregularly formed. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on
the shaded side ; but striped and mottled with dark crimson on the side
next the sun, and thickly strewed with russety dots round the eye. Eye,
open, with long green acuminate segments, which are recurved at the
tips, and set in a deep and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, short and stout,
inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with rough
grey russet, extending over almost the whole of the base. Flesh, yellow-
ish-white, very tender and juicy, but with little flavor.
110 BRITISH roMOLOfiY, ETC.
An apple of very ordinary quality, which seems only suitable for culi-
nary purposes ; it is in use from October to January.
I received this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and
it seems to be so like the description of Diel's Grosser Gestreifter Her-
mannsapfel, that I have adopted it as a synonyme.
173. HOARY MORNING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 3.36. Lind. Guide, 18. Down. Fr.
Amer. 113.
• Synonymes. — Dainty Apple, Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 234. Downy, Ibid. 275. Sam
Rawlings, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 53. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxviii. f. 1.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high ; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, yel-
lowish, marked with broad pale red stripes on the shaded side ; and
broad broken stripes of bright crimson on the side next the sun ; the
whole surface entirely covered with a thick bloom, like thin hoar frost.
Eye, very small, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted
in a wide and round cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tinged with red at
the surface under the skin, brisk, juicy, rich, and slightly acid.
A beautiful and very good culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is
in use from October to December.
174. HOLLANDBURY.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, n. 338.
Synonymes. — Hollingbury, Fors. Treat. 107. Hawberry Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc
Cat. cd. 3. Horsley Pippin, lOid. Beau Rouge, Ibid. I3onne Rouge, Ibid.
Howbury Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 467. Kirke's Scarlet Admirable, Bog.
Fr. C'dt. 38. Kirke's Schoner Rambour, Did. Kernobst. v. B. 52.
Figdres. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi xl. f. 2.
Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three
inches high ; roundish and flattened, with irregular and prominent
angles or ribs extending from the base to the apex. Skin, deep yellow,
tinged with green on the shaded side ; but bright deep scarlet where
exposed to the sun, generally extending over the whole surface. Eye,
closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a wide and deep
basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity,
which is generally lined with russet. Flesh, white, with a slight tinge
of green, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A beautiful and showy apple for culinary purposes, but not of first-rate
quality ; it is in use from October to Christmas.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, but not a very abundant
bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock.
175. HOLLAND PIPPIN.— Langley.
Identification. — Lang. Pom. 134, t. Ixxix. f. 1. Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Gat-
ed. 3, n. 339. Lind. Guide, 51. Down. Fr. Amer. 86.
Synonymes. — Smumer Pippin, ace. Down. Pie Pippin, Ibid.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high ;
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
in
roundish and flattened, with ribs on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow,
with a slight tinge of pale brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed
with large green dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a round, narrow, and
plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a wide and deep cavity.
Flesh, yellowish- white, firm, tender, juicy, sugary, and briskly acid.
A valuable apple, of first-rate quality for culinary purposes ; it is in
use from November to March.
The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, healthy, and a good bearer.
This is the Holland Pippin of Langley and Miller, but not of Ray or
Ralph Austen, who make it synonymous with the Kirton Pippin, which
Ray describes as being small and oblate, and the same as is called Broad-
eye in Sussex. The Holland Pippin is a native of the Holland district
of Lincolnshire, hence its name.
176. HOLLOW CORE.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches
high ; conical, irregu-
lar in its outline, rib-
bed, and distinctly
four -sided ; at about
four-fifths of its length
towards the crown it
is very much con-
tracted and swells
out again towards
the eye, altogether
very much resem-
bling a codlin in
shape. Skin, smooth
and shining, pale
grass green on the
shaded side, and
covered with a cloud
of pale red next the
SUB, thinly strewed
with dots, which are
red on the exposed,
and dark green on
the shaded side. Eye,
small and closed, set
in a narrow, contracted, and plaited basin, which is surrounded with
several small knobs. Stalk, green and downy, half-an-inch long, inserted
in a narrow, close, and deep basin, which is quite smooth. Flesh, white,
very tender and delicate, with a brisk, mild, and pleasant flavor. Core,
very large, with open cells.
An excellent culinary apple, with a fine perfume ; ripe in September.
This variety is extensively grown in Berkshire, particularly about New-
bury and Reading, whence large quantities are sent to London for the
supply of Covent Garden Market.
112 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
177. HOLLOW CROWNED PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 341. Lind. Guide, 72.
Stnonyme. — Hollow-eyed Pipxiin, Fors. Treat. 107.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblato-oblong, the same width at the apex as
the base, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, pale green, becoming
yellow at maturity, with a faint blush of red where it is exposed to the
sun. Eye, large, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, thick,
and curved, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm, juicy, sugary,
and briskly acid.
An excellent culinary apple ; in use from November to February.
178. HOOD'S SEEDLING.— Ronalds.
Identification and Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 5.
This appears to me to be identical with the Scarlet Pearmain. The
fruit is exactly the same, and not distinguishable from it. Tlie only
difference I can detect is, that the young trees are more strong and vigor-
ous than that variety ; but the distinction is altogether so slight, that
if not really identical, they are so similar as not to require separate
descriptions.
179. HORMEAD PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 545.
Synonymes. — Arundel Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 744. Hormead Pippin
Ibid. 462.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in
height ; of the true pearmain-shape, regular and handsome. Skin, of an
uniform clear yellow, strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, large and
closed, with long segments, and set in a shallow and uneven basin. Stalk,
very short and stout, deeply inserted. Flesh, white, tender, very juicy,
and pleasantly acid.
An excellent apple, of first-rate quality for culinary use, and suitable
also for the dessert ; it is in season from October to March.
180. HORSHAM RUSSET.— Lind.
Identification.— Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 89.
Fruit, abovit the size of the Nonpareil, but not so regular in its out-
line, generally about two inches and a quarter in diameter, and two
inches deep. Eye, small and closed, in a small depression without
angles. Stalk, short, rather thick, rather deeply inserted in a wide,
uneven cavity. Skin, pale green, covered with a thin, yellowish-grey
russet round its upper part, with a pale salmon-colored tinge on the
sunny side. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp. Juice, plentiful, of a
high aromatic Nonpareil flavor.
A dessert apple ; in season from November till March.
Raised from the seed of a Nonpareil about thirty years ago (1821), by
THE APPLE. ITS VAIlTETIES.
113
Mrs. Goose, of Horsham St. Faith's, near Norwich,
tree, and a good bearer.
180. HOSKREIGER.— Hort.
It is a very hardy
Identification. — Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 343.
Stnonyme. — Heideloclier, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 51.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high ; roundish and considerably flattened, almost oblate. Skin,
of a fine grass-green, which changes as it ripens to yellowish-green, and
marked with broad streaks of pale red, on the side next the sun, which
is strewed with rather large russety freckles. Eye, small and open, with
erect, acute segments, and placed in a rather deep, narrow, and undulating
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, funnel-shaped cavity, which is
lined with pale brown russet. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy,
with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A first-rate culinary apple ; in use from November till March.
The tree is a vigorous and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer.
181. HUBBARD'S PEARMAIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Liud. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 546,
Stnontmes. — Hubbard's, Fors. Treat. 108. Eiisset Pearmain, ace. Fors. TVea^
Golden Vining, ace. Pom. Mag. Hamraon's Pearmain, ace. Riv. Cat.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 27.
Fruit, small ; ovate, and regularly formed. Skin, covered with pale
brown russet, and where any
portion of the ground color
is exposed, it is yellowish-
green on the shaded side, and
brownish-red next the sun ;
but sometimes it is almost
free from russet, particularly
in hot seasons, being then of
an uniform yellowish-green,
mottled with orange or pale
red next the sun. Eye, small
and closed, with short seg-
ments, and set in a shallow
basin. Stalk, short, about
half-an-inch long, inserted
in a round and even cavity.
Flesh, yellow, firm, not juicy,
but very rich, sugary, and highly aromatic.
This is one of the richest flavored dessert apples ; it is in use from
November to April.
The tree is a small grower, but healthy, hardy, and an abundant
bearer.
114 BPJTTSH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Hubbard's Pearmain was first introduced to public notice by Mr, George
Lindley, at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society in 1820.
" This," says Mr. Lindley, "is a real Norfolk apple, well known in the
Norwich market ; and although it may be found elsewhere, its great ex-
cellence may have caused its removal hence. The merits of Hubbard's
Pearmain as a table apple are unrivalled, and its superior, from the com-
mencement of its season to the end, does not, I am of opinion, exist in
this country."
182. HUGHES'S GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hooker.
Identification.— Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 26. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 284. Lind.
Guide, 18. Rog. Fr. Cult. 85.
Synonyme. — Hughes's New Golden Pippin, Fors. Treat. 108. Diel Kernohst.
X. 97.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 132. lion. Pyr. Mai. pi. xviii. f. 4..
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches
high ; round, and flattened at both extremities. Skin, rich yellow,
covered with large, green, and russety dots, which are thickest round the
eye. Eye, open, with short, flat, acuminate segments, which are gene-
rally reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, shallow, and^plaited basin.
Stalk, very short, and not at all depressed, being sometimes like a small
knob on the flattened base. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, rich, brisk,
juicy, sugary, and aromatic.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to
February.
The tree is hardy, and healthy, though not a strong grower, the
shoots being long and slender. It is also an excellent bearer.
183. HUNT'S DEUX ANS.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 201.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches
and a half high ; somewhat conical, irregularly formed, and angular.
Skin, greenish, and covered with grey russet on the shaded side ; but
redish-brown covered with grey russet, and large russety dots, on the
side exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and open, with long, spreading,
acuminate segments, placed in a deep, angular, and irregular basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, oblique cavity, and not
extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish-white tinged with green,
firm and leathery, juicy and sugary, with a rich and highly aromatic
flavor, very similar to, and little inferior to the Ribston Pippin.
A dessert apple of the first quality, whether as regards its long dura-
tion, or the peculiar richness of its flavor : it is in use from December
to March ; but according to Mr. Thompson — no mean authority — it will
keep for two years. It may, however, be a question whether or not this
is identical with the Hunt's Deux Ans of the Horticultural Society, which
Mr. Thompson regards as only a second-rate fruit. If it is the same, the
climate of Somersetshire, whence I had both trees and specimens of the
fruit, is more adapted for bringing it to perfection than that of Chiswick.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 115
184. HUNT'S DUKE OF GLOUCESTER —Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 525. Lind. Guide, 90. Hort. Soc. Cat
ed. 3, n. 222.
Fruit, below medium size ; roundish ovate. Skin, almost entirely
covered with thin russet, except a spot on the shaded side, where it is
green ; and where exposed to the sun it is of a redish-brown. Flesh,
white tinged with green, crisp, juicy, and highly flavored.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to
February.
This variety was raised from a seed of the old Nonpareil, to which it
bears a strong resemblance, by Dr. Fry of Gloucester, and received the
name it now bears, from being sent to the Horticultural Society of Lon-
don, by Thomas Hunt Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon, in 1820. Mr. Lindley
gives Hunt's Nonpariel as a synonyme of Duke of Gloucester ; but it is
a very distinct variety ; it was, however, a seedling raised by Mr. Hunt
from the Duke of Gloucester, and is a very first-rate variety.
185. HUNTHOUSE.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 347. Rog. Fr. Cult. 57.
Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, by two
inches and a half high ; conical, ribbed on the sides, and terminated at
the apex, with rather prominent knobs. Skin, at first grass-green, but
changing as it ripens to greenish-yellow ; where exposed tc the sun it is
tinged with red, and marked with small crimson dots and a few short
broken streaks of the same color ; but where shaded it is veined with
thin brown russet, particularly about the eye, and very thinly strewed
with russety dots. Eye, large, half open, with broad flat segments, set
in a narrow, and deeply furrowed basin. Stalk, an inch long, straight, in-
serted in a very shallow cavity, sometimes between two fleshy lips, but
generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, greenish-
white, firm, tender, and with a brisk, but rather coarse and rough acid
flavor.
A useful culinary apple ; in use from December to March.
Its chief recommendation is, the immense productiveness of the tree,
which is rather small, with pendulous shoots, and extremely hardy ;
it succeeds in exposed situations where many other varieties could not
grow. Rogers says, "^'it is a tree of the third class in the orchard, and
will answer well in exposed situations, trained as dwarfs or half-standards,
it being equal in hardihood, and very fit to be planted along with the
Grey Leadington."
This variety was discovered at Whitby, in Yorkshire, where it is exten-
sively cultivated.
186. HUTTON SQUARE.— H.
Fruit, large ; roundish-ovate, and irregular in its outline, being much
bossed on the sides, and knobbed about the eye and the stalk. Skin,
.smooth, dull greenish-yellow where shaded, and strewed with minute
I 2
1J(3
BRITISH POMOLOfiY, ETC.
russety dots ; but washed with dull red next the sun, and dotted with
black dots. Eye, small and closed, placed in an angular and plaited
basin. Stalk, short, deeply embedded in an angular cavity. Flesh,
white, firm, crisp, sweet, briskly and pleasantly flavored.
A valuable culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unsuitable for
the dessert, where a brisk and poignant flavored apple is preferred ; it is
in use from November to March.
This variety is extensively grown about Lancaster ; and is said to have
originated at the village of Button, in that vicinity.
The tree is an excellent bearer.
187, IRISH rEAClL— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, n. 527. Lind. Guide, 4. Down. Fr.
Amer. 74.
Stnonymes. — Early Crofton, Hort. Trans, vol. viii. p. 321. Ron. Pyr. Mat. 15,
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 100. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. viii. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, somewhat flattened, and slightly
angular. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, tinged with dull redish-
brown, and thickly dotted with green dots on the shaded side ; but fine
lively red, mottled and speckled with yellow spots on the side exposed
to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather deep, and knobbed
basin, which is lined with thick tomentum. Stalk, short, thick, and
fleshy, inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender,
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 117
and crisp, abounding in a rich, brisk, vinous, and aromatic juice, which,
at this season, is particuUirly refreshing.
An early dessert apple of the finest quality. It is ripe during the first
week in August, and lasts all through that month. It is a most beautiful,
and certainly one of the most excellent summer apples, possessing all the
rich flavor of some of the winter varieties, with the abundant and refresh-
ing juice of the summer fruits. Like most of the summer apples it is in
greatest perfection when eaten from the tree, which is hardy, vigorous,
and an abundant bearer.
188. IRISH REINETTE.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches
and a half high ; oblong, somewhat five-sided, with five ribs which extend
from the base to the apex, where they run into the eye, forming five
prominent ridges. Skin, yellowish-green, strewed with minute russety
dots on the shaded side ; but dull brownish-red, almost entirely covered
with large patches of dull leaden colored russet, on the side exposed to
the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed in a ribbed and plaited basin.
Stalk, short, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity. Flesh, green-
ish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, and poignant acid
juice.
A valuable culinary apple ; in use from November to February,
This variety is much cultivated about Lancaster, and in the county of
Westmoreland, where it is highly esteemed.
189. ISLE OF WIGHT PIPPIN.— Hort.
Ideni'ification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 360. Lind. Guide, 108. Ro"'. Fr.
Cult, 82. Fors. Treat. 109.
Synonvjies.— Isle of Wight Orange, Hoif. Soc, Cat. ed. 1, 484. Orange Pippin,
Pom. Here/, t. 8. Ponime d'Orangc, Kjwop Pom. 47, t. viii. Engelse Oranje
Appel, Ibid. 171.
Figures. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 4. Pom. Heref. t. 8.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, by an inch and a half deep ; globular.
Eye, slightly sunk, with broad acute segments of the calyx. Stalk, very
short. Skin, yellowish-golden grey, with a russety epidermis, highly
colored with orange and red next the sun. Flesh, firm and juicy, with
a rich and aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, and also valuable as a cider fruit ;
it is in use from September to January.
The specific gravity of its juice is 1074,
This is a very old variety, and is no doubt the " Orange Apple " of
Ray and Worlidge. According to Mr. Knight, it is by some supposed
to have been introduced from Normandy to the Isle of Wight, where it
was first planted in the garden at Wrexall Cottage, near the UnderclifF,
where it was growing in 1817. There are several other varities of apples
known by the name of" Orange" and " Orange Pippin," but they are
all very inferior to this.
The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy, healthy, and an ex-
118 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
cellent bearer. It succeeds well when grafted on the paradise stock, ami
grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier,
190. ISLEWORTH CRAB.— Hort.
Synonvme. — Brentford Crab, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 21.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by the same
in height ; conical. Skin, smooth, of a pale yellow color, with a deeper
tinge where exposed to the sun, and covered with small redish-brown
dots. Eye, small and open, with reflexed segments, set in a round and
narrow basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a deep, round, and even cavity.
Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.
A pretty good culinary apple of second-rate quality ; in use during
October ; but scarcely worth cultivation.
191. JOANNETING.— H.
SvNONTMEs. — Jennetting, Coles' Adam in Eden, 257. Juniting, Bea Pom. 209.
Jeniting, Worl. Vin. 161. Ginetting or Juneting, Rail Hist. ii. 1447, 1. Junet-
ing, or Jenneting, Switz. Fr. Gard. 134. Genneting, Lang. Pom. t. Ixxiv. f. 2.
Juneting, Fors. Treat. 109. Early Jenneting, or June-eating, Aber. Diet. White
.Juneating, Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 374. Down. Fr. Amer. 78. Juneating, Lind.
Guide, 4. Rog. Fr. Cult. 27. Owen's Golden Beauty, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,
717. Priraiting, in Kent and Sussex.
Figure. — Kon. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 3.
Fruit, small ; round, and a little flattened. Skin, smooth and shining,
pale yellowish-green in the shade ;
but clear yellow, with sometimes
a faint tinge of red or orange
next the sun. Eye, small and
\ closed, surrounded with a few
\ small plaits, and set in a very shal-
\ low basin. Stalk, an inch long,
/ slender, and inserted in a shallow
/ cavity, which is lined with deli-
' cate russet. Flesh, white, crisp,
brisk, and juicy, with a vinous and
slightly perfumed flavor, but be-
coming meally and tasteless, if
kept only a few days after being
gathered.
This is the earliest apple of the year, the first of Pomona's autumnal
offerings ; it is in greatest perfection when gathered off the tree, or im-
mediately afterwards, as it very soon becomes dry and meally.
The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy and healthy. It is
not a great bearer, which may, in a great measure, account for it not
being so generally cultivated, as its earliness would recommend it to be.
If worked on the paradise stock it may be grown in pots, when the fruit
will not only be produced earlier, but in greater abundance than on the
crab, or free stock.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 119
This is one of our oldest apples, and although generally known and
popular, seems to have escaped the notice of Miller, who does not even
mention it any of the editions of his dictionary. As I have doubts of
this being the Geneting of Parkinson — his figure being evidently in-
tended for the Margaret, which in some districts is called Joanneting —
the first mention we have of this variety is by Rea, in 1665, who
describes it as " a small, yellow, red-sided apple, upon a wall, ripe in
the end of June."
The orthography which I have adopted in the nomenclature of this
apple may, to some, at first sight, seem strange ; but I am nevertheless
persuaded it is the correct one. The different forms in which it has
been written will be found in the synonymes given above, none of which
afford any assistance as to the derivation or signification of the name.
Abercrombie was the first who wrote it June-eating, as if in allusion to
the period of its maturity, which is, however, not till the end of July.
Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, writes it Gineting, and says it is a cor-
ruption of Janeton (Fr.) signifying Jane or Janet, having been so called
from a person of that name. Ray ^ says, " Pomum Ginettinum, quod
unde dictum sit me latet." Indeed there does not seem ever to have
been a correct definition given of it.
In the middle ages, it was customary to make the festivals of the
church, or saint's days, periods on which occurrences were to take place,
or from which events were dated. Even in the present day, we hear the
country people talking of some crop to be sown, or some other to be
planted at Michaelmas, St. Martin's, or Saint Andrew's-tide. It was
also the practice, during the reign of Popery in this country, as is still
the case in all Roman Catholic countries, for parents to dedicate their
children to some particular saint, as Jean Baptiste, on the recurrence of
whose festival, all who are so named keep it as a holiday. So it was also
in regard to fruits, which were named after the day about which they
came to maturity. Thus, we have the Margaret Apple, so called from being
ripe about St. Margaret's day — the 20th of July. The Magdalene, or
Maudlin, from St. Magdalene's day — the 22nd of July. And in Curtius*^
we find the Joannina, so called, " Quod circa divi Joannis Baptistse nativi-
tatem esui sint." These are also noticed by J. B. Porta ; he says, " Est
genus alterum quod quia circa festum Divi Joannis maturiscit, vulgus
Melo de San Giovanni dicitur." And according to Tragus,*^ " Quae apud
nos prima maturantur, Sanct Johans Opffel, Latine, Praecocia mala
dicuntur."
We see, therefore, that they were called Joannina, because they ripened
about St. John's Day. We have also among the old French pears Am ire
Joannet — the Admired, or Wonderful Little John, which Merlet informs
us was so called, because it ripened about St. John's Day. If then we
add to Joannet the termination ing, so general among our names of
apples, we have Joatineting. There can be no doubt that this is the cor-
rect derivation, and signification of the name of this apple, and although
the orthography may for a time appear singular, it will in the course of
usage become as familiar as the other forms in which it as been written.
a Hist. Plant, ii. 1447, ^ Ilortorum, p. 522. '■ Hist. p. 104.'3.
1)30 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC'.
192. KEEPING RED-STREAK.— Hort.
Identification. — Hurt. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 627.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, flattened, angular on the sides. Skin^
green at first, changing to greenish-yellow, and striped with red on the
shaded side ; but entirely covered with dark red on the side next the sun,
marked with russet, and numerous grey dots. Eye, open, set in a shal-
low and undulating basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a narrow and
shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish - yellow, firm, brisk, and pleasantly
flavored.
A culinary apple ; in use fi-om December to April.
193. KEEPING RUSSET.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and five eighths wide, and two inches
and a quarter high ; roundish. Skin, entirely covered with thin, pale
yellowish-brown russet, like the Golden Russet, and occasionally with a
bright, varnished, fiery -red cheek on the side next the sun, which is
sometimes more distinct than at others. Eye, open, set in a round and
plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a rather shallow cavity.
Flesh, yellow, firm, juicy, and sugary, with a particularly rich, mellow
flavor, equal to, and even surpassing that of the Ribston Pippin.
A delicious dessert apple, of first-rate quality : in use from October to
January, and, under favorable circumstances, will even keep till March.
This is an apple which is very little known, and does not seem at all
to be in general cultivation. I obtained it from the private garden of the
late Mr. James Lee, at Hammersmith. It certainly deserves greater
publicity.
194. KENTISH FILL- BASKET.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 377. Down. Fr. Amer. 114.
SvNONYMES Lady de Grey's, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 532. Kentish Pippin, of
s'iine.
Ficii UE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ix. f. 1.
Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a quarter
high ; roundish, irregular, and slightly ribbed. Skin, smooth, yellowish-
green in the shade, and pale yellow with a redish-brown blush, which is
streaked with deeper red, on the side next the sun. Eye, large, set in a
wide and irregular basin. Flesh, tender and juicy, with a brisk and
pleasant flavor.
This is an excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality, in use from
November to January.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attaining a large size, and is
an abundant bearer.
This is not the Kentish Fill-basket of Miller and Forsyth, nor yet of
Rogers ; the variety described under this name by these writers being
evidently the Kentish Codlin.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
j^i
195. KENTISH PIFPIN.— Ray.
Identification.— Kaii. Hist. ii. 1448. Hurt. Soc. Cut. ctl. 3, n. 378. Lind. GuidCj
73. Kog. Fr. Cult. 92.
SvNONVMKs.— Red Kentish Pippin, Did Kernobst. viii. 121. Rothcr Kentischer
Pepping-, Ibid. Vaun's Pippin, ucc. Riv. Cat.
Fruit, medium sized, tAvo inches and three quarters broad, and two
inches and a half high ; conical and slightly angular. Skin, pale yellow,
with brownish-red next the sun, studded with specks, which are greenish
on the shaded side, but yellowish next the sun. Eye, small, and partially
open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short and fleshy,
almost imbedded in a deep and wide cavity, which is smooth or rarely
marked with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, delicate, very juicy, with a
sweet, and briskly acid flavor.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to January.
The tree attains a pretty good size, is hardy, vigorous, and a good
bciirer.
This is a very old and favorite apple, first mentioned by Ray, and
enumerated in the list of Leonard Meager, as one of the varieties then
cultivated in the London nurseries, in 1670. Mortimer made a sad
lamentation on the fancied degeneration of the Kentish Pippin, which I
have quoted in treating of the Golden Pippin.
196. KERRY PIPPIN.— Hort.
Idkntification— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 454. Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, n. 380.
Lind. Guide, 19. Down. Fr. Amer. 88. Rog. Fr. Cult. 79.
Synonyme. — Edmonton's Aromatic Pii)iiin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cut.
Figures.— Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 20. Pom. Mag. t. 107. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iv. f. 3.
Fruit, below medium size ; oval, sometimes roundish-oval. Skin,
smooth and shining, greenish-
yellow at first, but changing
as it ripens to a fine clear pale
yellow color, tinged and streak-
ed with red, on the side next
the sun ; but sometimes when
fully exposed, one half of the
surface is covered with bright
shining crimson, streaked with
deeper crimson ; it is marked
on the shaded side with some
traces of delicate russet. Eye,
small and closed, with broad,
erect, and acuminate seg-
ments, set in a shallow basin,
which is generally surrounded
with five prominent plaits.
Stalk, slender, three quarters
of an inch long, obliquely inserted in a small cavity, by the side of a fleshy
122 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
protuberance. Flesh, yellowish- white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with
a rich, sugary, brisk, and aromatic flavor.
An early dessert apple of the highest excellence ; It is in use during
September and October.
The tree is a free grower, hardy, and a good bearer, attaining about
the middle size. It is well adapted for grafting on the paradise stock,
and being grown either as a dwarf, or espalier.
This variety was introduced chiefly through the instrumentality of Mr.
Robertson, the nurseryman of Kilkenny, in Ireland.
197. KESWICK CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 158. Lind. Guide. 31. Down. Fr.
Amer. 87. Rog. Fr. Cult. 65.
Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 3.
Fruit, large ; conical and angular. Skin, pale yellow, with a blush on
tlie side exposed to the sun. Eye, large, set in a deep and angular basin.
Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, pale yellow, very juicy,
and briskly flavored.
One of the earliest, and most valuable of our culinary apples. It may
be used for tarts so early as the end of June ; but its greatest perfection
is during August and September.
The tree is healthy, vigorous, and an immense bearer, attaining to the
middle size. It succeeds well in almost every soil and situation, and
when grown on the paradise stock, is well suited for espalier training.
This excellent apple was first discovered, growing among a quantity of
rubbish, behind a wall at Gleaston Castle, near Ulverstone, and was
first brought into notice by one John Sander, a nurseryman at Keswick,
who having propagated it, sent it out under the name of Keswick Codlin.
In the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, Sir John
Sinclair says, " the Keswick Codlin tree has never failed to bear a crop
since it was planted in the Episcopal garden at Rose Castle, Carlisle,
twenty years ago (1813). It is an apple of fine tartness and flavor,
and may be used early in autumn. The tree is a very copious
bearer, and the fruit is of good size, considerably larger than the
Carlisle Codlin. It flourishes best in a strong soil."
198. KILKENNY PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 547.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and the same in
height ; roundish, inclining to conical. Skin, yellow, sprinkled with
russety dots,^and sometimes covered with slight reticulations of russet ;
tinged with orange, and a few streaks of red, on the side exposed to the
sun. Eye, small, and rather open, set in a narrow basin. Stalk, short,
inserted in a shallow cavity, and surrounded with a large patch of russet.
Flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, and sweet ; but of dry texture, and
lacking acidity.
A dessert apple of no great merit ; in use from October to Christmas.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
lo:j
199. KING OF THE riPPINS.— H.
Fvitit, niediiim sized; ovate or conical, regularly and handsomely
shaped. Skin, greenish
yellow, with a blush of
red next the sun, and
marked with a little
rough brown russet.
Eye, large, and partially
open, with long and
broad segments, which
are connivent, but re-
flexed at the tips, set in
a shallow and undulat-
ing basin. Stalk, a
quarter of an inch long,
just extending beyond
the base. Flesh, white
with a yellowish tinge,
firm, crisp, very juicy
and sugary, with a rich
vinous flavor.
This is one of the richest flavored early dessert apples, and unequalled
by any other variety of the same season ; it is ripe in the end of August,
and beginning of September.
This is the original, and true King of the Pippins, and a vei-y different
apple from that generally known by the same name. See Golden
Winter Pearmain. I suspect this is the King Apple of Rea.
200. KINGSTON BLACK.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and one and three quarters
high ; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, striped with red on the shaded side ;
and very dark red, striped with dark purple, or almost black stripes, on
the side next the sun ; thickly strewed all over with light-grey russety
dots, and with a large patch of russet over the base. Eye, open, with
broad reflexed segments, and set in a deep basin. Stalk, very short, in-
serted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, white, stained with red under the
skin, on the side next the sun, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored.
This is a beautiful little apple, extensively grown in Somersetshire,
where in the present day it is considered the most valuable cider apple.
It keeps till Christmas.
201. KIRKE'S LORD NELSON.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 414.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiv.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three
124 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
quarters high ; roundish, and narrowing a little towards the apex. Skin,
smooth, pale yellow, streaked all over with red. Eye, open, with short
reflexed segments, and set in a plaited basin. Stalk, short and slender.
Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy and aromatic, but wants acidity.
An inferior variety, neither a good dessert apple, nor at all suitable for
culinary purposes ; It is in use from November to February.
202. KNOBBED RUSSET.— H.
Stnonymes. — Knobby Russet, Horl. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 741. Hort. Trans, vol. iv.
p. 219. Li7id. Guide, 90. Winter Apple, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 1167. Old
Maid's, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish-oval, and very uneven on its surface ;
being covered with numerous knobs, or large warts, some of which are
the size of peas. Skin, greenish-yellow, and covered with thick scaly
russet. Eye, set in a deep basin. Stalk, inserted in a deep cavity.
Flesh, yellowish, crisp, sweet, and highly flavored ; but not very juicy.
A singular looking dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is in use from
December to March.
This variety was introduced to the notice of the London Horticultural
Society in 1819, by Mr. Haslar Capron, of Mid hurst, in Sussex.
203. LADY'S DELIGHT.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and a quarter
high ; oblate, and ribbed on the sides. Skin, smooth and shining, green-
ish-yellow, marked with a number of imbedded dark -green specks ;
washed with red on the side next the sun, and with a circle of red rays
round the base. Eye, partially closed, with broad and flat segments ;
set in an angular and plaited basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in
a round and rather deep cavity. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, very juicy,
sweet, brisk, and pleasantly aromatic.
An excellent culinary or dessert apple, highly esteemed about Lan-
caster, where it is much grown ; it is in use from October to Christmas.
The habit ol the tree is drooping, like that of the Weeping Willow.
204. LADY'S FINGER.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. HI.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and two
inches and three quarters high ; pyramidal, rounded at the base, dis-
tinctly five sided, flattened at the apex, where it is terminated in five
prominent knobs, with a smaller one between each. Skin, smooth, dull
greenish-yellow, strewed with minute, grey russety dots ; tinged on the
side next the sun with a dull blush, which is interspersed with spots of
deep lively red. Eye, small and partially closed, set in a small and regu-
larly notched basin. Stalk, slender, short, and obliquely inserted under
a fleshy protuberance. Flesh, yellow, tender, juicy, and pleasantly acid.
THE APTT.E. TTS Vx\KTETIES. 125
A culinary apple much grown about Lancaster ; it is in use from
Noven)ber, to March or April.
This is a very different apple from the White Paradise, which is some-
times called " The Lady's Finger."
205. LAMB ABBEY PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 269. Hort. See. Cat. ed. 2, 549. Limi.
Guide, 74. Diel Kernobst. vi. B. 84.
SvHONYME. — Lancb Abbey Pearmain, M^Int. Orch. 24.
Figures. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. t. 10, f. 2. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi. f. 2.
Fruit, small ; roundish or oblato-oblong, regularly and handsomely
shaped. Skin, smooth
greenish-yellow on the
shaded side, but becoming
clear yellow when at matu-
rity ; on the side next the
sun it is dull orange, streak-
ed and striped with red,
which becomes more faint
as it extends to the shaded
side, and dotted all over
with minute, punctured,
russety dots. Eye, rather
large, and open, with long,
broad segments, reflexed at
the tips, and set in a wide,
deep and plaited basin.
Stalk, from a quarter to
half-an-inch long, slender, deeply inserted in a russety cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, firm, crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk, and
rich vinous flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, and very valuable, both as regards
the richness of its flavor, and the long period to which it remains in perfec-
tion ; it is in use from January, and keeps till April without shrivelling.
The tree is healthy, a free grower, and good bearer.
This variety was raised in the year 1804, by the wife of Neil Malcolm
Esq. of Lamb Abbey, near Dartford in Kent, from the pip of an import-
ed fruit of the Newtown Pippin.
206. LARGE YELLOW BOUGH.— Down.
Identification. — Down. Fr. Amer. 74.
Synonymes.— Large Early Yellow Bough, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Sweet Bough,
ace. Kenrick. Early Bough, Ken. Amer. Or. 26. Bough, Coxe, View, 101.'
Sweet Harvest, ace. Down.
Fruit, above, medium size; oblong oval, handsomely and regularly
formed. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow. Eye, set in a narrow and
deep basin. Stalk, rather long. Flesh, white, very tender, crisp, and
very juicy, with a rich, sweet, sprightly flavor.
126
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality. Ripe in the begining of August.
The tree is a vigorous and luxuriant grower, and a good bearer.
207. LEMON PIPPIN.— Fors.
Identification.— Fors. Treat. 1 12. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 406. Lind. Guide, 75.
Down. Fr. Amer. 115. Rog. Fr. Cult, 81.
Synonymes.— Kirke's Lemon Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 551. Quince, Rog.
Fr. Cult. 66. Englischer Winterquittenapfel, Diel Kernobst. ii. B. 21.
FiGDRKS,— Pom. Mag. t. 37. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ix. f. 4.
Fruit, medium sized ; oval, with a large fleshy elongation covering the
stalk, which gives it the form of a lemon. Skin, pale yellow tinged with
green, changing to a lemon yellow as it attains maturity, strewed with
russety freckles, and patches of thin delicate russet. Eye, small, and
partially open, with short segments, and set in an irregular basin, which
is frequently higher on one side than the other. Stalk, short, entirely
covered with a fleshy elongation of the fruit. Flesh, firm, crisp, and
briskly flavored.
A very good apple, either for culinary or dessert use ; it is in season
from October to April, and is perhaps the most characteristic apple we
have, being sometimes so much like a lemon, as at first sight to be taken
for that fruit. Forsyth says it is excellent for drying.
The tree does not attain a large size ; but is healthy, hardy, and a
good bearer.
It is uncertain at what period the Lemon Pippin was first brought into
notice. Rogers calls it the " Quince Apple," and, if it is what has always
been known under that name, it must be of considerable antiquity, being
mentioned by Rea, Worlidge, Ray, and almost all the early writers ; but
the first instance wherein we find it called Lemon Pippin, is in Ellis's
" Modern Husbandman" 1744, where he says it is "esteemed so good
an apple for all uses, that many plant this tree preferable to all others."
THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 197
208. LEWIS'S INCOMPARABLE.— Hort.
Idkntification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 356. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 59.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxx. f 2.
Fruit, large, three inches wide and two inches and three quarters
high ; conical, broad at the base and narrow at the apex, which is gener-
ally higher on one side than the other. Skin, deep lively red, streak-
ed with crimson on the side next the sun ; but yellow, faintly streaked
with light red on the shaded side, and strewed with numerous minute
russety dots. Eye, small and open, with broad, and slightly connivent
segments, set in a rather narrow, and somewhat angular basin. Stalk,
very short, inserted in a wide, and deep cavity, which is lined with thin
grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk and
slightly perfumed flavor.
A useful apple either for culinary purposes or the dessert but only of
second-rate quality ; it is in use from December to February.
The tree attains the largest size, is strong, vigorous, and an abundant
bearer.
209. LINCOLNSHIRE HOLLAND PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 409.
Synonyme. — Striped Holland Pippin. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 1075. Lind. Guide, 23 .
Figures.— Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xc. f. 1. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiv. f. 4.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a half wide, and three
inches and a quarter high ; roundish,, inclining to ovate, and somewhat
angular on the sides. Skin, yellow on the shaded side ; but orange,
streaked with crimson, on the side next the sun, and studded all over
with numerous imbedded green specks. Eye, small, set in a rather deep
basin. Stalk short, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white
and pleasantly sub-acid.
A very pretty, but very useless apple, fit only for kitchen use, and then
only of second-rate quality ; it is in season from November to February.
210. LOAN'S PEARMAIN.— Ray.
Identification. — Rail. Hist. ii. 1448. Lang. Pom. 134. t. Ixxvi. f. 2. Switz. Fr.
Card. 138. Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 550.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxii. f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and
a quarter high ; abrupt pearmain-shaped. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a
few faint streaks of red, and strewed with numerous large russety dots
on the shaded side ; but deep orange mottled and streaked with crimson,
and covered with patches of thin grey russet, on the side next the sun.
Eye, open, with reflexed segments, set in a wide, even, and plaited basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, with a fleshy
protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, and
very juicy, with a sugary and pleasant flavor.
An excellent old dessert apple ; in use from November to February.
This is a very old variety. It is first mentioned by Ray, but is not
enumerated in Meager's list.
128 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
211. LONDON PIPPIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 67. Fors. Treat, ed. 7, 1 12.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 410. Rog. Fr. Cult. 93.
Synonymes. — Five-Crowned Pippin, Fors. Treat, ed. 3. 99. Royal Somerset,
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 971. New London Pippin, Ibid. 562.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiv. f. 2.
Fruit, medium sized, two inclies and three quarters broad, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, and flattened, with a few ribs on
the sides which increase in size towards the crown where they terminate
in five prominent and equal ridges, from which circumstance it has been
called the Five-Crowned Pippin. Skin, at first pale yellowish-green,
changing to pale yellow or lemon color, with brownish-red on the side
next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather shallow basin,
Stalk, half an inch long, slender, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellowish-
white, firm, crisp, tender, and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
An excellent culinary apple, and serviceable also for the dessert ; it
is in use from November to April, when it is perfectly sound and shows
no symptoms of shrivelling.
The tree attains about the middle size, is not a strong grower, but
quite hardy, and an excellent bearer.
Although there is no record of this variety in the writings of any
pomological author before Mr. Lindley, it is nevertheless a very old
English apple. In an ancient note-book of an ancestor of Sir John
Trevelyan, Bart., of Nettlecombe, in Somersetshire, so early as 1580, the
" Lounden Peppen " is mentioned among the " names of Apelles which I
had their graffes from Brentmarch, from one Mr. Pace. " From this we
may learn, that we are not to take for granted the non-existence of any
variety, simply because there is no notice of it, previous to the period
when it may have been first recorded, in works on pomology.
212. LONG NOSE.— H,
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half high, and about
the same in width at the base ; conical, with prominent angles on the
sides. Skin, smooth and shining, grass green, changing to greenish
yellow, with a cloud of bright red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye,
closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, fleshy
at the insertion, sometimes with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it,
and inserted in a narrow, shallow, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-
white, crisp, and tender, with a slightly sweet but rather indifferent
flavor.
An apple of little merit, being of no value either for culinary purposes
or the dessert ; it is in season from October to December, and is met
with in the Berkshire Orchards.
213. LONGSTART. H.
S ynont ME. — Westmoreland Longstart.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, narrowing towards the eye, somewhat
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETTKS. 129
like the old Nonpareil in shape. Skin, almost entirely covered with red,
which is streaked with deeper red ; except on the shaded side where
there is a patch of greenish-yellow, tinged with thin red. Eye, partially
open, with broad, flat segments, and set in a shallow and plaited basin.
Stalk, about an inch long, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with
russet. Flesh, white, crisp, tender, juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid
flavor.
A very excellent culinary apple ; comes into use during October, and
lasts till Christmas.
This variety is much grown about Lancaster, and some parts of West-
moreland, where it is a great favorite among the cottagers.
214. LONGVILLE'S KERNEL.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 411. Lind. Gviide, 32. Down.
Fr. Amer. 90.
Stnontme. — Sam's Crab, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 1021.
Figure. — Pom Mag. t. 63.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches
and a quarter high ; ovate, slightly angular, but handsomely shaped. Skin,
greenish-yellow, tinged with red, and streaked with dark red on the side
next the sun. Eye, small and open, with short erect segments, set in a
deep and plaited basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yel-
low, firm, sweet, slightly acid, and with a perfumed flavor.
A dessert apple, of good, but only second-rate quality ; in use during
August and September.
According to Mr. Lindley " It is said that this apple was originated in
Herefordshire, where it is at present but little known : it is very hand-
some, and of considerable merit."
215. LUCOMBE'S PINE-APPLE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 585.
Synonymes — Pine Apple, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 789. Pine Apple Pippin,
Ibid. 790.
Figdre. — Maund. Fruit, 49.
Fruit, rather below medium size ; ovate or conical, slightly and ob-
scurely ribbed about the eye. Skin, of an uniform, clear, pale, yellow, but
with an orange tinge on the side next the sun, the whole surface thinly
strewed with pale-brown russety dots. Eye, small and closed, with
somewhat ovate segments, set in a narrow, shallow, and plaited basin.
Stalk, stout, about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, and
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender and delicate, juicy and
sugary, with a rich aromatic flavor, resembling that of a pine apple.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from the beginning of
October to Christmas.
This desirable apple was raised in the nursery of Messrs. Lucombe,
Pince, & Co., of Exeter, and is well worthy of general cultivation.
l;3U BUITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
216. LUCOMBE'S SEEDLING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. td. 3, ii. 41G. Lincl. Guide, 52. Rog. Fr.
Cult. 49.
FiGDKES. — Pom. Mag. t. 109. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiv. f. 3.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high ; roundish, and angular. Skin, pale greenish-yellow,
strewed with dark dots, and imbedded green specks on the shaded side ;
but bright red, which is streaked with crimson, on the side next the sun.
Eye, small and open, set in an angular and plaited basin. Stalk, short
and thick, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, juicy, and
pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to February.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attains a large size, and is
an excellent and early bearer.
This variety as w^ell as the preceeding was raised in the Exeter nursery.
217. MADELEINE.— Calvel.
Identification. — Calvel. Traite. iii. 24.
Stnonymes. — Margaret, Mill. Diet. Summer Pipjiin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. eA. 3.
Fruit, rather below medium size ; roundish. Skin, yellowish-white,
with numerous imbedded pearly specks, with an orange tinge next the
sun, and sometimes marked with faint streaks of red. Eye, small and
closed, set in a narrow basin, and surrounded with several unequal plaits.
Stalk, short and slender, not extending beyond the base, and inserted in
a funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, very crisp and tender, juicy, sugary,
and highly flavored.
An early dessert apple, of good, but only second-rate quality ; ripe in
the middle and end of August.
The tree is a free grower, and is readily distinguished by the excessive
pubescence of its leaves and shoots.
Mr. Lindley in the " Guide to the Orchard " considers this variety as
identical with the Margaret of Ray, which is a mistake. It is no doubt
the Margaret of Miller, but certainly not of any English author either
preceeding, or subsequent to him. It is to be observed that the lists of
fruits given by Miller in his Dictionary are chiefly taken from the works
of the French pomologists, while the fruits of his own country are almost
wholly neglected ; and the only reason I can assign for him describing
this variety for the Margaret is, because our own Margaret being by some
authors called the Magdalene, he might have thought the two synony-
mous.— See Margaret.
218. MAIDEN'S BLUSH.— Coxe.
Identification. — Coxc, View, 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 420. Fors. Treat.
213. Down. Fr. Amer. 90.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a
half high; roundish and flattened. Skin, of a fine, rich, pale-yellow color.
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 131
tinged with a blush of beautiful red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye.
pretty large and closed, set in a round, even, and rather deep basin,
Stalk, short, inserted in a deep, and round cavity. Flesh, white, tender,
brisk, and pleasantly acid.
A very beautiful culinary apple, but not of first-rate quality. It is in
use during September and October.
The tree is a vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer.
This variety is of American origin. It is highly esteemed in the
neighbourhood of Philadelphia, and considered one of the best culinary
apples in America ; it is also much used for drying, for which purpose it
is considered the best. It is not however held in great repute in this
country, its size and color being its chief recommendation.
219. MANKS CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. 161. Lind. Guide, 32. Rog. Fr. Cult. 66.
Stnonymes. — Irish Pitcher, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Irish Codlin, Hort. Soc.
Cat. ed. 1, 178. Eve, in Scotland. Frith Pippin, ace. Lind. Guide.
FiGuuE.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 1.
Fruit, large ; conical, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, greenish-
yellow at first, but changing as it ripens to clear pale-yellow, tinged with
rich orange-red on the side next the sun ; but sometimes, when fully ex-
posed, assuming a clear bright-red cheek. Eye, small and closed, set in
a small, plaited, and pretty deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch
long, more or less fleshy, sometimes straight, but generally obliquely in-
serted, and occasionally united to the fruit by a fleshy protuberance on
one side of it. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, brisk, juicy and slightly
perfumed.
A very valuable early culinary apple, of first-rate quality. It is ripe in
the beginning of August, and continues in use till November.
The tree is very hardy, and healthy, but not a large grower. It is a
very early and abundant bearer, young trees in the nursery quarters
generally producing a considerable quantity of fruit, when only two years
old from the grafts. It is well suited for planting in exposed situations,
and succeeds well in shallow soils. It forms a beautiful little tree when
grafted on the paradise stock, and is well adapted for espalier training.
220. MANNINGTON'S PEARMAIN.— H.
Fruit, medium sized ; abrupt pearmain-shaped. Skin, of a rich golden-
yellow color, covered with thin brown russet, on the shaded side ; but
covered with dull brownish-red, on the side next the sun. Eye, partially
closed, with broad flat segments, set in a shallow and plaited basin.
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, obliquely inserted in a moderately
deep cavity, with generally a fleshy protuberance on one side of it.
Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, and very sugary ; with a brisk and par-
ticularly rich flavor.
This is one of the best and richest flavored of our dessert apples. It
is only of recent introduction ; but will no doubt, ere long, prove one of the
most popular, as it is one of the most valuable varieties in its class ; not
K 2
1:52
l5niTIS;iI POMOLOGY, ETC.
only on account of its excellence, but for the long period during which
it is in perfection ; it comes into use in October and November, and
continues in good condition till March.
A communication of
some importance has
been forwarded to me
by Mr. Cameron of
Uckfield, by whom this
variety was first propa-
gated. He says the
fruit should be allowed
to hang late on the tree
before it is gathered, so
as to secure its peculiar
richness of flavor, and
long period of duration ;
for if gathered too soon,
it looses much of its fine
richness and is very
apt to shrivel.
The tree does not
attain a large size, but
is perfectly hardy, and
an early and excellent
bearer ; young trees, only two or three years from the graft, producing a
considerable crop of handsome, well-grown fruit.
This esteemed variety originated about the year 1770, in a garden
now in the possession of Mr. Mannington, a respectable butcher at Uck-
field in Sussex. At the time it was raised the garden belonged to Mr.
Turley, a blacksmith, and grandfather of Mr. Mannington. The original
tree grew up at the root of a hedge, where the refuse from a cider press
had been thrown ; it never attained any great size, but continued to
preserve a stunted, and diminutive habit of growth, till it died about the
year 1820. Previous to this, however, grafts had been freely distributed
to persons in the neighbourhood, many of whom were anxious to possess
such a desideratum ; but it does not seem to have been known beyond its
own locality, till the autumn of 1847, when Mr. Mannington caused
specimeris of the fruit to be forwarded to the London Horticultural Society,
and by whom it was pronounced to be a dessert fruit of the highest ex-
cellence. It was designated by Mr. Thompson "Mannington's Pearmain."
221. MARGARET.— Rea.
Identification.— Kea. Pom. 209. Eaii. Hist. ii. 1447. Lang. Puni. 134, t.lxxiv.
fig. 1. Eog. Fr. Cult. 30. Fors. Treat. 114.
Synonymes.— Early Red Margaret, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 425. Lind. Guide, 8.
I)nw7i. Fr. Amer. 73. Early Red Juneatiiig, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 504. Red
Juiieating, ace. Horl. Soc. Cat. Striped Juneatiiig, Ibid. ed. 1, 506. Early
Striped Juneating, Ibid. Striped Quarrenden, Ibid, ed. 1, 823. Summer
Traveller, Ibid, 10S3. Eve Apple, In Ireland, ace. Robertson in Hort. Trans, iii.
452. Early Margaret, arc. Hort. Soc. Git. Marget-Apiile, Meager. Eny. Card.
jMaudlin, Sioitz. Fr. Gard. 135. Magdalene, Gib.9. Fr. Gard. 352. Marguerite,
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Lammas, ace. Fors. Treat.
THK APPLE. ITS VAUIETIKS.
133
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 46. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. vi. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish-ovate, and narrowing towards the eye,
where it is angular. Skin, green-
ish-yellow on the shaded side ;
but bright-red next the sun, strip-
ed all over with darker red, and
strewed with grey russety dots.
Eye, half open, and prominent ;
with long, broad, erect segments,
surrounded with a number of
puckered knobs. Stalk, short and
thick, about half-an-inch long,
inserted in a small, and shallow
cavity. Flesh, greenish-white,
brisk, juicy, and vinous, with a
pleasant and very refreshing flavor.
A first-rate early dessert apple ;
it is ripe in the beginning of
August, but does not keep long, be-
ing very liable to become meally.
To have it in perfection, it is well
to gather it a few days before it ripens on the tree, and thereby secure
its juicy, and vinous flavor.
The tree does not attain a large size, being rather a small grower. It
is a good bearer, more so than the Joanneting, and is quite hardy, except
in light soils, when it is liable to canker. It is well adapted for growing
as dwarfs, either for potting or being trained as an espalier, when grafted
on the paradise, or pomme paradis stock.
This is a very old English apple. It is without doubt the Margaret
of Rea, Worldige, Ray, and all our early pomologists except Miller ; Mr.
Lindley, however, is of a different opinion, for he believes the Mar-
garet of Miller to be identical with that of Ray. That this variety is the
Margaret of Rea, his description is sufficient evidence. " The Margaret
or Magdelen Apple is a fair and beautiful fruit, yellow, and thick striped
with red, early ripe, of a delicate taste, sweet flavor, and best eaten off
the tree." Ray gives no description of it, but it is only reasonable to
suppose, that it is this variety he refers to, seeing it is the Margaret of
all authors both immediately preceeding, and subsequent to him. And
indeed in no instance is that of Miller noticed by any English author,
but himself, anterior to Mr. Lindley.
222. MARGIE.— Hook.
Identification. — Plook. Pom. Lond. Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 428. Lind. Guide,
53. Down. Fr. Amer. 117. Thomp. in Gard. Chron. 1847, p. 116.
Synonymes. — Margin, i^ors. Treat. 114. Rvg. Fr. Cult. 48. Never Fail, Hott.
Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 629. Munches Pippin, Ibid. 623. Small Ribston, M.C.H.S.
Figures.— Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 33. Pom. Mag. t. 36. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xii. f. 4.
Fruit, small, two inches and an eighth wide, and the same in height >
conical, distinctly five sided, with acute angles on the side, which termin-
134 J]!ilTiSH POMOLOCiY, ETC,
ate at the crown in five prominent ridges. Skin, orange, streaked witli
deep red, and covered on one side with patches of russet. Eye, small and
closed, compressed as it were between the angles of the basin. Stalk,
half-an-inch long, slender, and rather deeply inserted in a round, and
russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a power-
ful, and delicious aromatic flavor.
One of the finest dessert apples, a rival of the Ribston Pippin, excelling
it in juiciness, and being of a better size for the dessert ; it is in use from
November to February.
The tree is quite hardy, and generally an abundant bearer, except in
seasons when the bloom is injured by frosts, to which it is liable. It is of a
small, and slender habit of growth, and is well adapted for growing as
dwarfs, or espaliers, when grafted on the paradise stock.
There seems to be no record of this variety before the publication of
the Pomona Londonensis, although it was known for many years previ-
ously. Rogers says, he saw a tree of it growing as an espalier in the garden
at Sheen, which was planted by Sir William Temple. I find it was
cultivated to a considerable extent in the Brompton Park nursery, so
early as 1 750 ; it must therefore have been well known at that period ;
but I cannot discover any trace of its origin. It may have been intro-
duced from the continent by George London who was for some years
in the gardens at Versailles under De Quintinye, and afterwards in part-
nership with Henry Wise as proprietor of the Brompton Park nursery,
as the name seems to indicate more of French than English origin.
223. MARMALADE PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 429. Diel Kernobst. i. B. 23.
Stnonymes. — Althorp Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 8. Welsh Pippin, ace. Bon.
Pijr. Mai.
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxviii. f. 3. .
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and
three quarters high ; oblong, with a prominent rib on one side, and
flattened at the apex, where it terminates in several prominences. Skin,
very thick, hard, and membranous ; deep yellow, with a brownish tinge
next the sun, and strewed with numerous imbedded pearly specks. Eye,
small and open, with long acuminate and reflexed segments, set in a deep,
and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, and
smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, firm and tender, sweet, juicy, and
pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple, but only of second-rate quality ; it is in use from
October to January.
The tree is hardy and an abundant bearer.
This variety was introduced in 1818 — the year in which the original
tree first produced fruit — by a Mr. Stevens of Stanton Grange, in Derby-
shire, by whom it was raised from a seed of the Keswick Codling. The
Marmalade Pippin of Diel which is described in the 22 vol. and which he
says is an English apple, is not the same as the above, for he describes it
as " a true streaked apple, and ripe in August ".
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 135
224. MARTIN NONPAREIL.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 4.56. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 475.
Lind. Guide, 91. Rog. Fr. Cult. 68.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 79.
Fruit, below medium size ; ovate, and angular on the sides. Skin,
pale yellow, sprinkled with yellowish-brown russet. Eye, large and open,
set in an angular basin. Stalk, short and thick. Flesh, yellow, firm,
rich, juicy and sugary.
An excellent dessert apple, but equal to the old Nonpareil ; conse-
quently can only be regarded as a second-rate variety ; it is in use from
December to March.
The tree is a vigorous grower, hardy and a good bearer.
This apple was received from a nursery, as a crab stock, by the Rev.
George Williams of Martin-Hussingtree, near Worcester, and after
producing fruit, was communicated by him to the London Horticultural
Society.
225. MELA CARLA.— Gallesio.
Identification. — Gallesio Pom, Ital. vol. i. p. 1.
Synonymes. — Male Carle, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 424. Down. Fr. Amer. 116.
Malcarle, Lind. Guide, 52. Pomme Maleearle, Cal. Trnite. iii. 63. Mela di Carlo,
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Pomme de Charles, Ibid. Pomme Carl, Ibid. Pomme
Finale, Ibid. Charles Apple, ace. Hort. Trans, vol. vii. p. 259. Der Malacarle,
Diet Kernobst. xxi. 35.
Figures. — Galles. Pom. Ital. vol. i. t. 1. Hort. Trans, vol. vii. t. 7.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and the same
in height ; roundish, inclining to ovate, narrowing a little towards the
eye, but generally of an ovate shape. Skin, thin and tender, pale green
at first, changing as it ripens to fine delicate waxen-yellow, on the shaded
side ; but covered with fine dark crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye,
small and closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a pretty wide,
and deep basin, which is sometimes a little ribbed. Stalk, three quarters
of an inch long, inserted in a small, and smooth cavity. Flesh, white
with a greenish tinge, very delicate, juicy, and tender, with a sweet and
vinous flavor, and a perfume like that of roses.
A dessert apple, which, when in perfection, is of the most exquisite
flavor, but being indigenous to a warmer climate, it does not attain its
full maturity in this country. By the aid of a south wall, in a warm
and sheltered situation, it may however be brought to some degree of
perfection. At Elvaston Castle, Mr. Barron has successfully cultivated
it upon earthen mounds, with an inclination to the sun, of 45°. When
in perfection, its flesh is said to be as melting as that of the Beurre,
and Doyenne pears ; it is in use from December to March.
The tree is a strong, and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer.
This apple is of Italian origin, and is extensively cultivated about Turin
Its name is by some supposed to have been given in honor of Charle-
magne, who is said to have held this fruit in high estimation.
136
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
226. MELROSE.— H.
Synontme. — White Melrose, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed . 3, p. 25.
Fruit, large ; roundish-ovate, inclining to conical, and broad at the
base ; it has an irregularity in its outline, caused by prominent ribs,
which extend from about the middle, to the basin of the eye, where
they form large and unequal ridges ; and also by several flattened "parts
on the sides, giving it the appearance as if indented by a blow. Skin,
smooth and shining, pale yellow tinged with green, on the shaded side ;
but yellow tinged with orange, and marked with crimson spots and dots,
on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, with broad flat
segments, and deeply set in a plaited, and prominently ribbed basin.
Stalk, very short, not more than a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a
deep, irregular cavity, in which are a few streaks and patches of rough
russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, but tender and marrow-like, with
a sweet, and pleasantly sub-acid flavor.
A very valuable and fine looking apple, of first-rate quality, suitable
either for culinary purposes or the dessert ; it is in use from October to
January.
The tree is a strong, healthy, and \ igorous grower, and forms a large
round head. It is also an abundant and free bearer.
This is an old Scotch apple, the cultivation of which is confined ex-
clusively to the Border counties, where it was probably first introduced
by the monks of Melrose Abbey. Though it is one of the most popular
apples of the Tweedside orchards, it docs not seem to have been ever knov n
beyond its own district. It is without doubt the largest, and one of the
THE APPLE. ITS VARJETIES. 137
most useful apples of which Scotland can boast, and requires only to be
more generally known, to be cultivated throughout the length and breadth
of that country. Even in the south it is not to be disregarded, as both
in size, and quality, it is one of the most attractive market apples. I
have known them sold at two shillings a dozen. The figure given above
is only from a medium-sized specimen of the fruit,
227. MERE DE MENAGE.— Hort.
Ideni'ification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. .3, n. 436.
Fruit, very large ; conical. Skin, red, streaked with darker red all over,
except a little on the shaded side where it is yellow. Eye, set in an
angular basin. Stalk, very stout, inserted in a deep cavity, so much so
as to be scarcely visible. Flesh, firm, crisp, brisk and juicy.
A valuable and very beautiful culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in
use from October to January.
228. MINCHALL CRAB.— Fors.
iDENTitJCATioN.—Fors. Treat. 115. Hort. Sue. Cat. ed. 3, n. 440. Liud. Guide,
54. Kog. Fr. Cult. 58.
Synonymes.— Minshul Crab, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. I. 609. Mincham's Crab, Brook.
Pom. Brit. Laricasbire Crab, Ibid. 536. Lancaster Crab, Ibid. 539.
Figures.— Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 2. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. f. 4.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a
half high ; roundish, and considerably flattened, almost oblate. Skin,
yellow, covered with dark dots, and a few veins of russet ; russety over
the base, and marked with a few broken stripes and mottles of pale crimson
on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short, and ragged
segments, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch
long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and
juicy, with a rough, and sharp acid flavor.
A culinary apple, but only of second-rate quality ; it is in use from
November to JIarch.
The tree is very hardy, and is not subject to canker, or the attacks of
insects. It is an abundant bearer.
This apple is extensively grown in the southern parts of Lancashire,
and is a great favorite in the Manchester market, and all the other manu-
facturing towns of that district. It receives its name from the village of
Minchall in Cheshire, where, according to Rogers, the original tree exist-
ed in 1777.
229. MINIER'S DUMPLING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. i. 70. Fors. Treat. 114. Lind. Guide, 54.
Fruit, large, from three to three inches and a half wide, and nearly the
same in height ; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular on the sides.
Skin, dark green, striped with darker green on the shaded side ; but
covered witii dark red where exposed to the sun. Stalk, an inch long,
138
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
rather thick, ioserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm, juicy, sub-
acid and pleasantly flavored.
An excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from Novem-
ber to May.
The tree is a strong grower, hardy, and an excellent bearer.
230. MITCHELSON'S SEEDLING.— H.
Fruit, above the medium size ; somewhat ovate. Skin, of a fine deep
yellow, thinly strewed with minute brown dots, interspersed with slight
patches of very delicate russet ; but faintly mottled with clear red, on the
side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted segments,
and set in a rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted
in a round, and even cavity, which is tinged with green, and lined with
fine delicate grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, brisk, very juicy
and vinous, abounding in a rich and agreeable perfume.
A very excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes, or the
dessert ; it is in use from December to February.
This beautiful apple, was raised by Mr. Mitchelson, a market gardener
at Kingston-on-Thames.
231. MONKLAND PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Ilort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, n. 442.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; oval, even, and
regularly formed, with five obscure ribs round the eye. Skin, green, be-
coming yellow as it attains maturity, marked with imbedded green specks,
and numerous very minute dots. Eye, half open, set in a round, and
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 139
plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, and insert-
ed in a round, narrow cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh,
greenish-white, soft and juicy, but with little or no flavor.
An apple of which it is difficult to say to what use it is applicable, hav-
ing nothing whatever to recommend it ; it is ripe in November.
232. MONKTON.— H.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and
two inches high ; oblate, slightly ribbed on the sides, and ridged round
the eye. Skin, entirely covered with beautiful red, which is marked
with spots, and broken stripes of deep crimson ; the color on the shaded
side is paler than on the side exposed to the sun ; it is strewed all over
with russety dots, and round the stalk, and in the basin of the eye it is of
a clear waxen-yellow. Eye, small and open, with broad, erect segments,
set in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a
rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thick grey russet. Flesh, yel-
lowish, tender, juicy, and brisk.
A beautiful cider apple, raised at Monkton, near Taunton, in Somer-
setshire.
233. MOORE'S SEEDLING.— H.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ;
conical and angular, flattened at the base. Skin, greenish-yellow on the
shaded side ; and marked with broken streaks of red where exposed to
the sun, interspersed with numerous large dark spots. Eye, small and
open, set in a plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a small,
narrow cavity, and surrounded with a patch of russet. Flesh, yellow,
tender, rather sweet and pleasantly flavored.
A good culinary apple ; ripe in October, and keeps till December.
234. MORRIS'S COURT OF WICK.— H.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three
quarters high ; roundish-oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped, very
closely resembling its parent, the old Court of Wick. Skin, pale green
on the shaded side ; but washed with light red next the sun, which is
covered with darker red spots, and marked with thin grey russet, round
the eye. Eye, open, with reflexed segments, equally as characteristic as
that of the old Court of Wick, and placed in a wide, shallow basin. Stalk,
half-an-inch long, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, firm but tender,
with a profusion of rich, vinous, and highly flavored juice.
A delicious dessert apple, excelling even the old Court of Wick ; it is
in use from October to February.
This variety was raised some years ago, by Mr. Morris, a market gar-
dener at Brentford, near London.
140
BRITISH I'OMOLOOY, ETC.
235. MORRIS'S NONPAREIL RUSSET.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 743?
Stnonyme and Figuke. — Nonpareil Russet, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 25, pi. xiii. f. 3.
Fruit, small ; conical and irregularly formed, being generally larger on
one side than the other, and
having the eye placed later-
ally. Skin, green, covered
with large patches of thin
grey russet, strewed with
silvery scales, and marked
with p;reen dots. Eye, small
and ujiea. with segments re-
flexed at the tips, :aid set in
a plaited basin. Stalk, short,
and deeply inserted in an
oblique cavity. Flesh, green-
ish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary,
briskly flavored, and charged
with a pleasant aroma.
An excellent dessert apple,
of the first quality ; in use
from October to March, and will keep even as long as May and June.
Can this be the same as the Morris's Nonpareil Russet, of the London
Horticultural Society's catalogue, which is said to be oblate ? I know that
the variety described above is the true one, the friend from whom I
received it having procured it from Mr. Morris himself.
This variety was raised by Mr. Morris of Brentford.
236. MORRIS'S RUSSET.— H.
Fruit below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches
and a quarter high ; round, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin,
covered with a coat of smooth, thin, brown russet, with occasionally a
bright, fiery-crimson flame breaking out on the side next the sun, some-
times so large as to form a fine, smooth, and varnished crimson cheek.
Eye, large and open, set in a small and shallow basin. Stalk, very short,
inserted in a rather small cavity. Flesh, firm, but tender, juicy, brisk
and sugary, charged with a very rich, and powerful aromatic flavor.
This is a dessert apple, of the highest excellence, and ought certainly
to form one in every collection, however small ; it is in season from
October to February.
This, like the two preceeding varieties, was raised by Mr. Morris of
Brentford.
237. NANNY.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 452.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide,^and two
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 141
inches and a half high ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, and some-
what angular on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow with broken
streaks of red, on the shaded side ; but bright red, streaked with dark
crimson, on the side next the sun ; the whole strewed with russety dots.
Eye, open, with flat segments, placed in an angular basin, which is mark-
ed with linear marks of russet. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep,
round cavity, thickly lined with rough russet, which extends in ramifica-
tions over the base. Flesh, yellow, rather soft and tender, juicy, sugary,
and highly flavored.
A dessert apple of excellent quality, and when in perfection, a first-rate
fruit ; it is in use during October, but soon becomes meally.
The tree attains the middle size and is a good bearer, much more so
than the Ribston Pippin, to which the fruit bears some resemblance in
flavor.
238. DE NEIGE.— Hort.
Identification. — Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 454. Lind. Guide, 22. Down. Fr.
Amer. 91.
SvNONVMKS. — Fameuse, Fors. Treat. 101. Rog. Fr. Cult. 38. Sanguineus, ace.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. La Fameuse, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 1.
FrGURE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 2.
Fruit, about the medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two
inches high ; roundish, sometimes oblate. Skin, tender, smooth and
shining, of a beautiful pale waxen -yellow color, tinged with pale red, on
the shaded side ; but covered with deeper red, on the side next the sun,
Eye, small, half open, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half-
an-inch long, inserted in a round, and pretty deep cavity. Flesh, pure
white, very tender and delicate, sweet and pleasantly flavored.
A very beautiful and handsome apple, but not of great merit It is
suitable for dessert use, and is in perfection from November to January.
The tree is of a small habit of growth, hardy, and bears well ; but in
some soils it is liable to canker.
This variety is supposed to be of Canadian origin, and was introduced
to this country by a Mr. Barclay, of Brompton near London. This is not
the Pomme de Neiffe of Diel.
239. NELSON CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 162.
SvNONYMES. — Nelson's Codlin, Lind. Guide, 32. Backhouse's Lord Nelson, Ro7i.
Pyr. Mai. 49. Nelson, ace, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Figure. — Kon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxv. f. 3.
Fruit, large and handsome ; conical or oblong. Skin, greenish-yellow
strewed with russety specks, on the shaded side ; but where exposed to
the sun of a fine deep yellow, covered with rather large dark spots, which
are encircled with a dark crimson ring. Eye, open, with short segments,
set in a deep, plaited, and irregular basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an
inch long, inserted in a very deep, and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish-
white, delicate, tender, juicy and sugary.
142
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
A very excellent apple, of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and also
valuable for the dessert ; it is in use from September to January.
This variety was discovered many years ago, in the West Riding of
Yorkshire, where it is now cultivated to a large exent. It was first brought
into notice by John Nelson, a noted Wesleyan preacher in that part of
the country, who, during his professional visits distributed grafts of it
among his friends. From this circumstance it became generally known
by the name of the Nelson Apple. It was called Backhouse's Lord Nelson
by Mr. Ronalds in the Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis, from having been re-
ceived from the York nursery ; but Mr. Backhouse, to whom it refers, dis-
claims having any merit either in the origin or introduction of it, and
prefers retaining simply the name of " Nelson ", as a tribute to the
memory of the excellent man after whom it was named.
The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and a most
abundant bearer.
240. NEW ROCK PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. eel. 3, n. 460. Lind.
Guide, 75.
Fruit, of medium size ; round. Skin, dull green on the shaded side,
and brownish-red where exposed to the sun, entirely covered with brown
russet. Eye, deeply set in a round basin. Stalk, short. Flesh, yellow,
firm, sweet, rich, and perfumed with the flavor of anise.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from January to May.
THE APPLE. ITS VAKTETIES. ]4:3
This variety was raised by Mr. William Pleasance, a nurseryman at
Barnwell, near Cambridge, and was communicated by him to the London
Horticultural Society, in 1821. It belongs to the Nonpareil family, and
is valuable as a late winter apple.
241. NEWTOWN PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 458. Liml. Guide, 54. Down. Fr.
Amer. 118. Fors. Treat. 1 15. Rog. Fr. Cult. 95.
Synontmes. — Large Yellow Newton Pippin, Core View, 142. American New-
town Pippin, ace. Hort. Sue. Cat. Green Newtown Pippin, Hort. Soe. Cat.
ed. 1, 636. Large Newtown Pippin, Ibid. 638. Petersburgh Pippin, Ibid. 780.
Green Winter Pippin, arc. Down. Fr. Amer. Newton Pippin, Aber. Diet. Neu-
jorker Reinette, Diel. Kernobst. v. 152.
FiGCKES.— Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 6. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvii. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, broadest at the base, with broad ob-
scure ribs extending to the apex, which give it an irregularity in its out-
line. Skin, at first dull green, but changing as it ripens to a fine olive-
green, or greenish-yellow, with a redish-brown tinge next the sun, and
dotted all over with small grey russety dots. Eye, small and closed, set
in a small and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender,
and inserted all its length, in a deep, round cavity lined with delicate
russet, which extends over a portion of the base. FJesh, yellowish- white
tinged with green, firm, crisp, very juicy, with a rich, and highly aromatic
flavor.
A dessert apple, which, when in perfection, is not to be surpassed. It
is in use from December to April. This description being taken from an
imported specimen, it must not be expected that fruit grown in this
country, will attain the same degree of perfection ; for like most of the
best American apples, it does not succeed in this climate. Even with the
protection of a wall, and in the most favorable situation, it does not
possess that peculiarly rich aroma, which characterizes the imported fruit.
The tree is a slender, and slow grower, and is always distinguished,
even in its young state, by the roughness of its bark. It prefers a strong,
rich, and genial soil, and, according to Coxe, does not arrive at maturity
till 20 or 25 years old.
This is an old American apple. It originated at Newtown, on Long
Island, U. S., and was introduced to this country about the middle of
the last century. I find it was cultivated in the Brompton Park nursery
so early as 1768, under the name of " Newtown Pippin from New York."
Forsyth remarks that it is said to have been originally from Devonshire,
but if it were so, there would still have been some trace of it left in that
county. It is extensively cultivated in New York, and all the middle
states, and particularly on the Hudson, where the finest American orch-
ards are. There are immense quantities produced which are packed in
barrels and exported to Britain and other parts. The month of January,
is generally the season they arrive in this country, and then they are the
most attractive of all dessert apples in Covent Garden market ; the name
serving in many instances, as a decoy for the sale of many other and in-
ferior varieties. The Alfriston, in many collections, is erroneously culti-
vated under the name of Newtown Pippin.
144 « BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
242. NEWTOWN SPITZENBERG.— Coxe.
IDENTIFICATION. — Coxe, View. 126. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. .3, n. 791. Lind. Guide,
55. Down. Fr. Amer. 139.
SvNONYMES. — Matchless, Hurt. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. .397. Burlington Spitzenberg, ace.
Coxe Cult 126. Engiis!. Spitzemberg, Ibid.
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 144. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. x. f. 3.
Fruit, above medium size, three iuclies and a quarter wide, and two
inches and a quarter deep ; roundish, regularly and handsomely formed,
a little flattened, somewhat resembling a Nonesuch. Skiti, smooth, at
first pale-yellow tinged with green, but changing to a beautiful clear yel-
low, on the shaded side ; but of a beautiful clear red streaked with
deeper red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with numerous small,
russety dots. Eye, open, set in a wide, and even basin. Stalk, short
and stout, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich and
pleasantly flavored.
An American dessert apple, very pretty, and handsome ; of good quality,
but only second-rate ; it is in use from November to February.
This variety originated at Newtown on Long Island U. S. It received
the name of Matchless, from the late William Cobbett, who sold it under
that name
243. NEW YORK PIPPIN.— Lind.
Identification.— Lind, Plan. Or. Lind. Guide, 76.
Fruit, rather large, of an oblong figure, somewhat pyramidal, rather
irregular in its outline, and slightly pentangular on its sides, three of
which are generally much shorter than the other, forming a kind of lip
at the crown ; from two inches and a half to three inches deep, and the
same in diameter at the base. Eye, closed, rather deeply sunk in a very
uneven irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, rather deeplj'
inserted in a wide uneven cavity. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with a few
green specks, intermixed with a little skin, (thin ?) grey russet, and ting-
ed with brown on the sunny side. Flesh, firm, crisp, tender. Juice,
plentiful, saccharine, with a slight aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple ; in use from November to April.
An American variety of excellence. The tree grows large, and bears
well It sometimes happens with this as it does with Hubbard's Pearmain,
that smooth fruit grow upon one branch and russety ones upon another ;
and in cold seasons the fruit are for the most part russety.
It was named the New York Pippin by Mr. Mackie, and first propa-
gated in his nursery, at Norwich, about forty years ago. (1831.)
Never having seen or met with this apple, I have hei'e given Mr.
Lindley's descriptions verbatim, for the benefit of those who may meet
with it ; as it is no doubt still in existence in the county of Norfolk.
244. NONESUCH.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 489. Lind. Guide, 20.
Synonymes.— Nonsuch, Fors. Treat. 116. Bog. Fr. Cult. 36. Doum. Fr. Amer.
91. Langton Nonsuch, Hanb. PL
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. ]\Ial. pi. xxxvii. f. 2.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 145
a quarter high ; roundish-oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped.
Skin, smooth, pale yellow, mottled with thin pale red, on the shaded side ;
and striped with broad, broken stripes of red next the sun. Eye, small
and closed, set in a wide, shallow, and even basin. Stalk, short and
slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, sugary
and slightly perfumed.
An excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality, and, according to Mr.
Thompson, excellent for apple jelly ; it is ripe in September, and con-
tinues during October.
The tree is a free grower, attaining about the middle size, and is an
abundant, and early bearer, young trees three years old from the graft
producing an abundance of beautiful fruit.
Although an old variety, I do not think this is the Nonesuch, of Rea,
Worlidge, or Ray, as all these authors mention it as being a long keeper,
for which circumstance, it might otherwise have been considered the
same. Rea says " it is a middle sized, round, and red striped apple, of
a delicate taste, and long lasting. " Worlidge's variety is probably the
same as Rea's he says " The Non-such is a long lasting fruit, good at the
table, and well marked for cider." And Ray also includes his Non-such
among the Winter Apples.
245. NONPAREIL.— Duh.
Identificatiok. — Dull. Arb. Fruit, i. 113, t. xii. f. 2. Switz. Fr. Gard. 136. Lang.
Pom. 134. t. Ixxix. f. 4. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 117.
Synonymes. — Old Nonpariel, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 476. Lind. Guide, 91. Doion.
Fr. Amer. 120. Old or Original Nonpareil, Rog. Fr. Cult. 70. English Nonpareil,
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Hunt's Nonpai'eil, Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 659. Lovedon's
Pippin, Ibid. 573. Reinette Nonpareil. Knoop. Pom. 51, t. ix. Nonpareil
d'Angleterre, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 647. Due d'Arsel, Ibid. 283. Griine
Reinette, Sickler. Obstgdrt. iii. 177, t. 10. Diel Kernobst. v. 95. Nomparcil, Chart.
Cat. 54. Pomme-poire, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 86. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiv. f. 5.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, broad at the base and narrowing to-
wards the apex. Skin, yellowish-green, covered with large patches of
thin grey russet, and dotted with small brown russety dots, with occasion-
ally a tinge of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, rather prominent,
very slightly if at all depressed, half open, with broad segments which
are reflexed at the tips. Stalk, an inch long, set in a round and pretty
deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish, delicate, crisp,
rich, and juicy, abounding in a particularly rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor.
One of the most highly esteemed and popular of all our dessert apples.
It is in use from January till May.
The tree is a free grower, and healthy, scarcely attaining the middle
size, and an excellent bearer. It prefers a light and warm soil, succeeds
well on the paradise stock, and is well adapted for growing in pots, when
grafted on the pomme paradis of the French. Bradley in one of his tracts
I'ecords an instance of it being so cultivated. " Mr. Fairchild (of Hoxton)
has now (February) one of the Nonpareile apples upon a small tree, in a
pot, which seems capable of holding good till the blossoms of this year
L
146
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
have ripened their fruit." In the northern counties and in Scotland, it
does not succeed as a standard as it does in the south, and even vi^hen
grown against a vi^all, there is a marked contrast in the flavor when com-
pared with the standard grown fruit of the south.
It is generally allowed that the Nonpareil is originally from France.
Switzer says " It is no stranger in England ; though it might have its
original from France, yet there are trees of them about the Ashtons in
Oxfordshire, of about a hundred years old, which (as they have it by tra-
dition) was first brought out of France and planted by a Jesuit in Queen
Mary or Queen Elizabeth's time." It is strange, however, that an apple
of such excellence, and held in such estimation as the Nonpareil has always
been, should have received so little notice from almost all the early con-
tinental pomologists.
It is not mentioned in
the long list of the
Jardinier Francois of
1653, nor even by De
Quintinye, or the Jar-
dinier Solitaire. Scha-
bol enumerates it, but
it is not noticed by
Bretonnerie. It is
first described by Du-
hamel and subse-
quently by Knoop.
In the Chartreux cata-
logue it is said " elle
est forte estimee en
Angleterre", but,
among the writers of
our own country, Swit-
zer is the first to notice
it. It is not mentioned by Rea, Worlidge or Ray, neither is it enumer-
ated in the list of Leonard Meager. In America it is little esteemed.
246. NORFOLK BEEFING.— H.
Stnonymes. — Norfolk Beaufin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 34. Lind. Guide, 55.
Down. Fr. Amer. 120. Norfolk Beau-fin, Rog. Ft: Cult. 59. Norfolk Becfin,
Fors. Treat, ed. 3, 124. Reeds Baker, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 858. Catshead
Beaufin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xcii. f. 3. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and three
quarters high ; oblate, irregular in its outline, caused by several obtuse
angles or ribs, which extend from the base to the basin of the eye, where
they form prominent knobs or ridges. Skin, smooth, green at first, but
changing to yellow, and almost entirely covered with dull brownish-red,
which is thickest and darkest next the sun ; sometimes it is marked with
a few broken stripes of dark crimson, and in specimens where the color
extends over the whole surface, the shaded side is mottled with yellow
THE Al'PLE. ITS VARIETIES. J 47
spots. Eye, open, set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk short,
inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, firm and crisp, with a brisk
and pleasant flavor.
A well known and first-riite culinary apple ; it is in use from January
to June. It is extensively cultivated in Norfolk, where, besides being
applied to general culinary purposes, they are baked in ovens, and form
the dried fruits met with among confectioners and fruiterers, called
" Norfolk Biffins."
The tree is vigorous in its young state, but unless grown in a rich soil,
and a favorable situation, it is apt to canker, particularly if it is too moist.
The name of this apple has hitherto been written Beaufin, as if of French
origin ; but it is more correctly Beefing, from the similarity the dried
fruit presents to raw beef.
247. NORFOLK PARADISE.— Fors.
Identification.— Fors. Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 77. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Figure. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xcii. f. 4.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, irregularly formed. Eye, very large,
deeply sunk in an uneven, oblique hollow. Stalk, rather short, not deeply
inserted. Skin, greenish-yellow ; on the sunny side of a brownish-red,
streaked with a darker color. Flesh, white, very firm. Juice, abund-
ant and of a very excellent flavor.
A dessert apple ; in use from October till March.
Its name seems to indicate a Norfolk origin ; but I never could find it
in any part of the county. — Lindley.
248. NORFOLK STONE PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 804.
Stnonymes. — Stone Pippin, Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 82.
Diel Kernobst. xi. 119. White Stone Pippin, Hort. Sue. Cat. ed. 1, 1071. White
Pippin, in Norfolk. Englischcr Kleiner Steinpepping, Diel Kernohst. xi. 119.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, and the same in height ;
oblong, slightly angular on the sides, and narrowing a little towards the
apex. Skin, smooth and very thin, pale green at first, but changing by
keeping to pale yellow with a mixture of green ; sometimes it has a slight
tinge of red next the sun. Eye, small, half open, with acuminate seg-
ments, set in a rather shallow and wide basin. Stalk, slender, half-an-
inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity with a fleshy protuberance on one
side of it. Flesh, white, firm and breaking, brisk, sweet, and perfumed.
An excellent long-keeping culinary apple, and useful also in the des-
sert ; it is in use from November to July. In the " Guide to the Orch-
ard," Mr. Lindley says " This is a valuable Norfolk Apple known in the
Norwich market by the name of White Pippin. The fruit when peeled,
sliced, and boiled in sugar, becomes transparent, affording for many
months a most delicious sweetmeat for tarts."
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and attains the middle size.
It is a regular and abundant bearer.
148 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
249. NORTHERN GREENING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 497. Fors, Treat. 117. Lind. Guide,
77. Diel Kernobst. xi. 83.
Stnontmes. — Walmer Court, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 1134. Cowarne Queening,
Ron. Pyr. Mai. 49. John, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxv. f. 4.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and about
three inches high ; roundish, inclining to ovate, being narrowed towards
the eye. Skin, smooth and tender, of a beautiful grassy green in the
shade, and dull brownish-red marked with a few broken stripes of a darker
color, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with long
segments, set in a narrow, round, deep, and even basin. Stalk, three
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow and deep cavity. Flesh,
greenish-white, tender, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk and somewhat
vinous flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November
to April,
The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, attaining the largest size,
and is an abundant bearer.
This is sometimes called Cowarne Queening, but that is a very differ-
ent variety, and is a cider apple,
250. NOTTINGHAM PIPPIN.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two
inches and a half high ; ovate. Skin, smooth, pale yellow at first, but
changing by keeping to lemon yellow, without any trace of red, but with
slight markings of russet. Eye, closed, with long green segments, set in
a wide and rather deeply plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch
long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. Flesh, white,
fine and marrowy, juicy, sugary, and vinous.
A second-rate dessert apple ; in use from November till February.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
251. ORD'S APPLE.— Hort,
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 28.5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 507. Lind.
Guide, 77.
Synontme. — Simpson's Pippin, ace. Hort. Trans.
FiGDKE, — Hort. Trans, vol. ii. t. 19.
Fruit, medium sized ; conical or oblong, very irregular in its outline,
caused by prominent and unequal ribs on the sides, which extend to and
terminate in ridges round the eye. Skin, smooth and shining, deep
grassy green, strewed with imbedded grey specks, and dotted with brown
russety dots on the shaded side ; but washed with thin brownish-red,
which is marked with spots or patches of darker and livelier red, and strew-
ed with star-like freckles of russet on the side exposed to the sun. Eye,
small and closed, placed in a rather deep and angular basin, which is
THE APPLE
-ITS VARIETIES.
149
lined with linear marks of rough russet. Stalk, about half-aa-inch long,
somewhat oblique-
ly inserted by the
side of a fleshy
swelling, which is
more or less pro-
minent. Flesh,
greenish-white,
tender, crisp, and
brittle, abounding
in a profusion of
rich, brisk, sugary,
and vinous juice,
with a finely per-
fumed and refresh-
ing flavor.
An excellent ap-
ple, of first-rate
quality, and well
deserving of more
general cultiva-
tion ; It is in use
from January to
May, and keeps well.
Some thirty years ago, Ord's apple was brought into public notice as
a variety which was worthy of universal cultivation ; and was considered
of such importance as to form the subject of a paper in the Horticultural
Society's Transactions, by A. Salisbury Esq. At that time it was receiv-
ed into all the collections in the London nurseries, and was very gener-
ally grown ; but in the course of years it was again lost sight of, and I
believe there are now very few places where it is to be met with. I shall
be glad, however, if this notice should direct the attention of some lover
of a good apple, to rescue this excellent variety from the oblivion into
which it is likely to fall, and to restore it to the position it ouce occupied
as one of our finest dessert apples.
This excellent variety originated at Purser's Cross, near Fulhara,
Middlesex. It was raised in the garden of John Ord, Esq. by his sister-
in-law, Mrs. Anne Simpson, from seed of a Newtown Pippin imported
in 1777. There is another variety called Simpson's Seedling, raised from
the seed of Ord's apple, to which it is very similar ; but being much in-
ferior in quality, its cultivation has been in a great measure discontinued.
252. OSLIN.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, n. 511. Fors. Treat. 119. Lind. Guide, 5.
Down. Fr. Amer, 75. Gard. Chron. 1845, 784. Rog. Fr. Cult. 33.
Synonymes.— White Oslin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 2. Scotch OsHn. Orglon,
Gibs. Fr. Gard. 353. Orgeline or Orjeline, Fors. Treat, ed. 5, 119. Arbroath
Pippin, ace. Fors. Treat, ed. 7. Original Pippin, Nicol Villa Gard. 28. Mother
Apple, ace. Caled. Hort. Mem. i. 237. Golden Apple, Ibid. 238. Bur-Knot,
Ibid. Summer Oslin, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 11.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. vi. f. 2,
150 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ;
roundish-oblate, evenly and regularly formed. Skin, thick and membran-
ous, of a fine pale yellow color, and thickly strewed with brown dots ; very
frequently cracked, forming large and deep sinuosities on the fruit. Eye,
scarcely at all depressed. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a very
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp and juicy, rich and sugary,
with a highly aromatic flavor, which is peculiar to this apple only.
A dessert apple of the highest excellence ; ripe in the end of August, and
continues during September, but does not last long. Nicol says " this
is an excellent apple, as to flavor it is outdone by none but the Nonpareil,
over which it has this advantage, that it will ripen in a worse climate and
a worse aspect."
The tree is a free grower, of an upright habit, and an excellent bearer ;
but is subject to canker as it grows old. The branches are generally
covered with a number of knobs or burrs ; and when planted in the ground
these burrs throw out numerous fibres which take root and produce a per-
fect tree.
This is a very old Scotch apple, supposed to have originated at Ar-
broath ; or to have been introduced from France by the monks of the
Abbey which formerly existed at that place. The latter opinion is, in all
probability, the correct one, although the name, or any of the synonymes
quoted above are not now to be met with in any modern French lists.
But in the " Jardinier Franrois " which was published in 1651, I find
an apple mentioned under the name of Orgeran, which is so similar in
pronounciation to Orgeline, I think it not unlikely it may be the same
name with a change of orthography, especially as our ancestors were
not over particular, in preserving unaltered the names of foreign intro-
ductions.
253. OSTERLEY PIPPIN.— H.
SyNONVME AND FiGL'KE. — Ostevlcj' Apple, Eon. Pyr. Mai. bS), pi. xxx. f. 1,
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; oi-bicular, flattened at the base and apex.
Skin, yellowish -green, strewed with thin russet and russety dots on the
shaded side ; but washed with thin red, and strewed with russety specks
on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted seg-
ments, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted
in a wide, and rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thin russet.
Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, rich, juicy and sugary, with a brisk
and aromatic flavor, somewhat resembling, and little inferior to the Rib-
ston Pippin,
A handsome and very excellent dessert apple ; it is in use from Octo-
ber to February, and is not subject to be attacked with the grub, as the
Ribston Pippin is.
This variety Avas raised from the seed of the Ribston Pippin, at Osterley
Park, the seat of the Earl of Jersey, near Isleworth, Middlesex, where
the original tree is still in existence.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. lol
254. OXNEAD PEARMAIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 78.
Synonyme. — Earl of Yarmouth's Pearmain, Lind. PL Or. 1796.
Fruit, small and conical. Skin, entirely grass green, always covered
with a thin russet ; sometimes when highly ripened it is tinged with a
very pale brown on the sunny side. Eye, very small, surrounded with
a few obscure plaits. Stalk, very slender, three quarters of an inch long.
Flesh, pale green, very firm and crisp, not juicy, but very rich and
highly flavored.
A dessert apple ; in use from November to April.
I have never seen this apple. It was first noticed by Mr. George
Lindley whose description of it I have given above. He says " it is sup-
posed to have originated at Oxnead, near Norwich, the seat of the Earl
of Yarmouth. It has been known many years in Norfolk, no doubt prior
to the extinction of that Peerage in 1733, and I have never seen it out
of the county. The tree is a very small grower ; its branches are small
and wiry and of a grass green color ; it is very hardy and an excellent
bearer."
255. PADLEY'S PIPPIN.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 119. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 516. Lind. Guide,
21. Gard. Gliron. 1847, 36. Rog. Fr. Cult. 83.
Synonymes. — Compote, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Padley's Royal George Pippin,
Roti. Pyr. Mai. 32.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 151. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi. f. 5.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an inch and a half high ; roundish-
oblate. Skin, pale greenish-yellow rather thickly covered with thin grey
russet, and faintly tinged with orange next the sun. Eye, small and
closed, set in a shallow and rather angular basin. Stalk, three quarters
of an inch long, slender, and inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh,
yellow, juicy, sugary, brisk and richly aromatic.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use during December and
January.
The tree is of small dimensions, but healthy, and a prolific bearer. It
is well adapted for dwarf training, when grown on the paradise or doucin
stock.
This variety was raised by Mr. Padley, gardener to his Majesty George
III., at Hampton Court. According to Rogers, Mr. Padley was a native
of Yorkshire, and after coming to London and filling a situation of re-
spectability, he was appointed foreman in the kitchen garden at Kew.
" On the death of the celebrated ' Capability Brown ' Mr. G. Haverfield
was removed from Kew to Hampton Court, and took Mr. Padley with him
as foreman. On the death of Haverfield, Padley's interest with his sover-
eign out-weighed all the interests of other candidates, though urged by
the most influential persons about Court. ' No, no, no, ' said his Majesty,
' it is Padley's birthright.' "
152
BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC.
256. PARRY'S PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. .554. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 41.
Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi. f. 3.
Fruit, small ; oval, and regular in its shape. Skin, almost entirely
covered with dark dull red, and
striped with brighter red, except
a portion on the shaded side,
which is green; the whole surface
is thickly strewed with small
russetj^ dots, which give it a
speckled appearance. Eye, small
and open, set in a shallow basin.
Stalk, sometimes short andfleshy
as represented in the accompany-
ing figure ; and at other times,
about half-an-inch long, and
woody, but still retaining the
swollen boss at its union with
the fruit. Flesh, firm in texture,
crisp, very juicy and pleasantly
acid, with a sweet, brisk, and
poignant flavor.
A nice sharp-flavoi'ed dessert apple ; but considered only of second-
rate quality ; it is in use from December to March.
257. PATCFFS RUSSET— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. eJ. 3, n. 747. Lind. Guide, 92.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches
and a quarter high ; oval, and slightly angular on its sides. Skin, green-
ish-yellow, entirely covered with thin grey russet. Eye, small, with long
acuminate segments, set in a narrow and irregular basin. Stalk, an inch
long, very slender, inserted in a round, even, and deep cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, cris^D, brisk and aromatic.
A good dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use during November
and December.
258. PASSE POMME D'AUTOMNE.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fr. i. 278. Dahuron. Traite. 115. Chart. Cat. 50.
Rog. Fr. Cult. 39.
Synonymes. — Passe Ponime Rouge d'Autoiiine, Diel. Kemobst ii. 50. Ge'ncrale,
ace. Duhamel. Poninie d'Outre passe, Ibid. Passe Pomme Cotellee, Merlet.
Abreye. Heibststrich Apfel, Mayer. Pom. Franc. Tab. iii. f. 3. Rother Herbst-
stricliapfel, Diel Kemobst. ii. 50.
Figures. — Mayer. Pom. Franc, t. iii. f. 3. Sicklcr Obstgart. xv. t. 7.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a
quarter high ; round and slightly flattened, with prominent ribs on the
sides, which extend into the basin of the eye. Skin, pale straw-colored,
almost white, with a few stripes of red on the shaded side ; but entirely
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 153
covered with beautiful crimson, which is striped with darker crimson, and
strewed with small grey dots where exposed to the sun. Eye, large and
closed, set in a rather shallow and ribbed basin. Stalk, fleshy, set in a
wide and deep cavity. Flesh, very white, tinged with red, more so than
the Passe Pomme Rouge, tender, juicy, rich, sugary and vinous.
An excellent autumn culinary apple ; ripe in September.
The tree is vigorous and healthy, but does not attain a large size. It
is a very abundant bearer, and well suited for dwarf training when grown
on the paradise or doucin stock.
Dahuron says of this apple " on la nomme en Hollande Pomme de
Jerusalem ; " but according to Knoop, the Dutch pomologist, it is the
Pigeon, which is known under that name.
259. PASSE POMME ROUGE.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit,!. 277. Dahuron Traits 114. Bret. Ecole, ii.
470. Bon. Jard. Chart. Cat. 49. Rog. Fr. Cult. 32.
Synonymes. — Bother August- Apfel, Henne Anweis, 150. Rothe Sommerpass-
pomni, Christ Handworter, 68. Rothe Kurzdauerende Apfel, Ibid,
Figure. — Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 92.
Fruit, small ; roundish-oblate, even and regularly formed. Skin, thick,
red all over, pale on the shaded side, but of a deep and bright color next
the sun ; and so sensitive of shade, if any portion of it is covered with a
leaf or twig, a corresponding yellow mark will be found on the fruit.
Eye, small, set in a narrow, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-
inch long, slender, set in a wide, deep, and even cavity. Flesh, white,
tinged with red under the skin on the side exposed to the sun, crisp,
juicy, and richly flavored when first gathered, but soon becomes dry and
woolly.
An excellent early apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or dessert
use ; it is ripe in the beginning of August, but may be used in pies before
then. Bretonnerie says it may be used " en compote " in the beginning
of July, and is preferable to the Calville Rouge d'Ete.
The tree is rather a delicate grower, never attaining a large size, but
healthy and hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds well as a dwarf
on the paradise or doucin stock.
260. PAWSAN.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 15. Lind. Guide, 109.
Fruit, above the middle size, two inches and three quarters wide, and
two inches and a quarter high ; pretty round, without angles, but some-
times it is oval. Crown, but little hollow. Eye, small, with short re-
flexed segments of the calyx. Skin, dull muddy olive-green, a good deal
reticulated with fine network. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long,
slender, causing the fruit to be pendant.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1076.
Many trees of the Pawsan are found in the south-east, or Ryland district
of Herefordshire, which have apparently stood more than a century. Its
154 BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC.
pulp is exceedingly rich and yellow, and in some seasons it affords cider
of the finest quality. Its name cannot be traced to any probable source.
261. PEARSON'S PLATE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 565. Down. Fr. Amer. 126.
Fruit, small ; roundish, inclining to oblate, regularly and handsomely
formed. Skin, smooth, greenish-
yellow in the shade ; but washed
with red, and streaked with deeper
red on the side next the sun. Eye,
open, with short segments, set in a
shallow and plaited basin. Stalk,
half-an-inch long, inserted in a
round and rather shallow cavity.
Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp,
and juicy, with a rich, and brisk
sugary flavor, somewhat resembling
the Nonpareil.
A most delicious little dessert
apple of the first quality ; it is in
use from December to March.
In some specimens of the fruit there is no red color, but altogether
green, and covered with thin brown russet.
262. PENNINGTON'S SEEDLING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 571. Lind. Guide, 93. Down. Fr.
Amer. 127.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and three quar-
ters deep ; oblato-ovate. Skin, green at first, changing to yellowish-green,
and covered with large russety spots on the shaded side ; but with rough
brown russet and a tinge of brown on the side next the sun. Eye, closed,
with long and narrow segments, set in a round, shallow, and undulating
basin. Stalk, an inch long, stout, and straight, inserted in a wide and
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary and brisk ;
with an excellent aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of the highest excellence, either as a dessert or a
culinary fruit ; it is in use from November to March.
263. PETIT JEAN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 581. Lind. Guide, 79. Hort. Trans,
vol. iv. p. 525.
Fruit, small ; oval, and flattened at the ends. Skin, almost entirely
covered with brilliant red ; but where shaded, it is pale yellow marked with
a few stripes of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow basin. Stalk, very
short, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, very white and tender, with
a mild and agreeable flavor.
THE APrLE. ITS VARIETIES. 155
By some considered as a dessert apple ; but of inferior quality. Mr.
Thompson thinks it may, perhaps, do for cider ; it is in use from Novem-
ber to March.
The tree is a very abundant bearer.
This is a Jersey apple, and has for a long period been cultivated in the
orchards of that Island. It was transmitted to the gardens of the London
Horticultural Society, by Major General Le Couteur, of Jersey, in the
year 1822.
264. PETWORTH NONPAREIL.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 477. Salisb. Orch. 134.
Synonyme and FiGUiiE. — Green Nonpareil, Jion. Pyr. Mai. 67, pi. xxxiv. f. 4.
This variety very closely resembles the old Nonpareil ; but is rather
larger ; and though it possesses the flavor of the old variety, it is not
nearly so rich. The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer. It was raised
at Petworth, in Sussex, at the seat of Lord Egremont.
265. PIGEON.— Knoop.
Identification. — Knoop. Pom, 62, tab. xi. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 306, t. xii. f. 3.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 582.
Synonymes. — Jcrnsalem, Quint. Inst. i. 201. Lang. Pom. 134. t. Ixxvi. f. 4.
Coeur de Pigeon, ace Duliamel. Pigeon Rouge, Did. Kernobst. iii. 58. Gros
Coeiar de Pigeon, Filass. Tab. Passe-Pomnie, ace. Knoop. Duif Apfel, Knoop.
Rotlier Taubenapfel, Mayer. Pom. Franc. No. 28, tab. xviii. Rothe Tauben-
apfel, Sickler. ObstgSrt. v. 323. t. 16. Arabian Apple, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Figures. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pi. 98. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and
three quarters high ; conical and angular. Skin, membranous, shining,
pale yellow with a greenish tinge, which it loses as it attains maturity ;
but covered with fine clear red on the side next the sun, and strewed all
over with minute russety dots and imbedded white specks ; the whole
surface is covered with a bluish bloom, from which circumstance it receives
the name of Pigeon, being considered similar to the plumage of a dove.
Eye, open, with erect segments, prominently set in a narrow and plaited
basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh,
white, tender, soft and juicy, pleasantly flavored, but not at all rich.
A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; but excellent for all culinary
purposes ; it is in use from November to January. It is necessary in stor-
ing this apple that care should be taken to prevent fermentation, by which
its pleasant acidity is destroyed.
The tree, though vigorous in its young state, never attains a great size.
Its shoots are long, slender and downy. It is an abundant and regular
bearer.
This apple is called Pomme de Jerusalem, from, as some fancy, the
core having four cells, which are disposed in the form of a cross, but
this is not a permanent character, as they vary from three to five.
Dicl erred in applying the synonymes of Knoop's Pigeon bigarre to
this variety, whicli is very distinct from the Pigeonnet.
156 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
266. PIGEONNET.— Duh.
Identification.— Dull. Arb. Fruit, i. 305. Calvel. Traite, iii. 32. Hort. Soc.
Cat. ed. 3, n. 583.
Stnonymes. — Pigeon Bigarre, Knoop. Pom. 62. Passe-pomme Panachee, Ibid. 132.
Pigeonnet Blanc, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 1, 786. Pigeonnet Blanc d'Ete', ace. Hort,
Soc. Cat. cd. 3. Pigeonnet Gros de Rouen, Hort.Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 787. Museau
de Litivre. Bon. Jard. American Peach, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Tauben-
artige, Taubenfarbige Apfel, Christ Handworter, 110.
FiGDRES.— Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 98. Poit. et. Turpin. t. 80.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the same
in height ; oblato-ovate. Skin, pale greenish-yellow on the shaded side ;
but entirely covered with red on the side next the sun, and striped and
rayed with darker red, some of the stripes extending to the shaded side.
Eye, small and open, with erect segments, set in a slightly depressed
basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh,
white and delicate, of an agreeable acidulated and perfumed flavor.
A dessert fruit of second-rate quality ; in use during August and
September.
267. PILE'S RUSSET.— Miller.
Identification. — Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 120. Lind. Guide, 93. Rog. Fr. Cult.
107. Diel. Kernobst. iii. B. 8.
Synonyme. — Pyle's Russet, Brad. Fam. Diet.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish-oblate and obscurely ribbed on the
sides. Skin, dull green, thickly covered with pale brown russet, which
is strewed with greyish-white dots, and pale green stelloid freckles on the
shaded side ; but dull olive mixed with orange, with a tinge of brown,
and strewed with scales of silvery russet, intermixed with rough dots of
dark russet, on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, with long broad
segments, set in a deep and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a
deep and oblique cavity, which is lined with scales of rough russet. Flesh,
greenish, tender, crisp, breaking, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk
and very poignant juice.
A very superior old English apple, particularly for culinary purposes ;
it is in use from October to March.
The tree is very healthy and vigorous, and attains the largest size.
It is also an excellent bearer.
268. PINE APPLE RUSSET.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Plan. Or. Lind. Guide, 94.
Synonyme — Hardingham's Russet, in Norfolk.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
and a half high ; roundish-ovate, with broad obtuse angles on its sides.
Skin, pale greenish-yellow, almost covered with white specks on one part,
and rough thick yellow russet on the other, which extends round the stalk.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 157
Eye, small, with short connivent segments, placed in a shallow, plaited
basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted half its length in an uneven cavity.
Flesh, very pale yellow, tender, crisp, very juicy, sugary, brisk and
richly aromatic.
A very valuable dessert apple ; in use during September and October.
Mr. Lindley says the juice of this apple is more abundant than in any he
had ever met with. The oldest tree remembered in Norwich was grow-
ing a century ago (1830) in a garden belonging to a Mr. Hardinghara,
269. PITMASTON NONPAREIL.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 265. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 478.
Fors. Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 95. Bog. Fr. Cult. 67.
Synonymes. — St. John's Nonpareil, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 669. Pitmaston Eusset
Nonpareil, ace. Hort. Trans.
Figure. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. t. 10. f. 4.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a half
high ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale green, almost entirely covered
with russet, and with a faint tinge of red on the side next the sun. Eye,
open, set in a broad, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in
a shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, rich, and highly aromatic.
A dessert apple of the greatest excellence. It is in use from December
to February.
This variety was raised by John Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston, St. John's,
near Worcester, and was first communicated to the London Horticultural
Society in 1820.
270. PITMASTON GOLDEN WREATH.— M.
Identification and Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 16.
Fruit, very small, half-an-inch wide by half-an-inch high ; conical and
undulating round the eye. Skin, of a fine deep rich yellow, strewed with
russety dots. Eye, large and open, with long, spreading, acuminate seg-
ments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slen-
der, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, rich yellow, crisp,
juicy and sugary.
A pretty little apple ; in use from September to Christmas.
This beautiful variety was raised by J. Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston,
from the Golden Pippin, impregnated with the pollen of the Cherry apple,
or what is usually called the Siberian Crab.
271. PINNER SEEDLING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 530. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 587.
Lind. Guide, 79.
Synonyme. — Carel's Seedling, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 791.
Fruit, medium sized, roundish-ovate, and slightly angular on the sides.
158
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Skin, greenish-yellow, nearly covered with clear yellowish-brown russet,
so much so, that only
spots of the ground color
are visible ; it has also a
varnished redish-brown
cheek next the sun which
is more or less visible
according to the quantity
of russet which covers it.
Stalk, half-an-inch long,
inserted in a narrow and
deep cavity. Flesh, yel-
lowish, tinged with green
tender, crisp, juicy,
sugary and briskly
flavored.
A dessert apple of
first-rate quality ; it is
in use from December
to April.
This excellent apple was raised by James Carel, a nurseryman at Pinner,
Middlesex, in 1810. The tree first produced fruit in 1818, and was in-
troduced to the notice of the London Horticultural Society, in 1820.
272. POMME GRISE.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 120. Down. Fr. Amer. 124.
Synonymes. — Grise, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 305. Gray Apple, ace. Downing.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi. f. 6.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters high ;
roundish and inclining to ovate. Skin, rough, with thick scaly russet,
green in the shade, and deep orange on the side next the sun. Eye,
small and open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, about half-an-
inch long, inserted in a shallow and small cavity. Flesh, yellowish,
crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk and highly aromatic flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to February.
The tree is rather a weak grower, but an abundant bearer.
This apple, according to Forsyth, was first introduced to this country
from Canada, by Alexander Barclay, Esq., of Brompton, near London.
273, 274. POMEROY.
There are two very distinct varieties of apples, which, in different
parts of the country, are known by the same name of Pomeroy. The
one is that which is cultivated in Somersetshire and the West of England,
and the other is peculiar to Lancashire and the Northern counties.
The Pomeroy of Somerset, is medium sized, two inches and three
quarters wide, and the same in height ; conical. Skin, greenish-yellow,
covered with thin grey russet, on the shaded side ; but orange, covered
THE AVl'LE. ITS VARIETIES. 159
with stripes of deep red, and marked with patches and spots of russet on
the side exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with numerous large,
dark russety dots. Eye, open, set in a round and even basin. Stalk,
short, not extending beyond the base, inserted in a round, even, and
russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and highly fla-
vored.
An excellent dessert apple ; in use from October till December.
The PoMEROY of Lancashire, is medium sized, two inches and three
quarters wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, slightly ribbed
at the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellow on the shaded side, but clear
pale red next the sun, which blends with the yellow towards the shaded
side, so as to form orange ; the whole covered with russety dots. Eye,
small and closed, placed in a small and shallow basin. Stalk, short, im-
bedded in an angular cavity with a swelling on one side of it, and from
which issue a few rainifications of russet. Flesh, whitish, tender, crisp,
juicy, and with a brisk flavor, a good deal like that of the Maiiks Codlin.
An excellent culinary apple ; in use during September and October.
The tree is healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer, well adapted^ for
orchard planting, and succeeds well in almost all situations.
There are several other varieties which are cultivated under this ap-
pellation, to which local specific names are attached ; but as I have not
seen any of these, they will be found among the " additional varieties " at
the end of that portion of this work which treats on the apple.
275, POMEWATER.— Gerard.
Identification. — Ger. Herb. Park. Par. 587. Eaii. Hist. ii. 1447.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches
and a half high ; roundish, and narrowing a little towards the apex, dis-
tinctly five-sided, and terminating at the crown in five prominent ridges.
Skin smooth, yellowish-green, tinged with thin brownish-red in the shade ;
but covered with dark dull red on the side next the sun. Eye, closed,
placed in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, stout, an inch long,
inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp,
and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple ; in use from December to January.
I think there is little doubt that this is the Pome Water of Gerard.
It is still grown in Lancashire, and on the borders of Cheshire, of which
county Gerard was a native, and with the fruits of which, he was, in all
probability, best acquainted.
276. PONTO PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 594.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in
height ; conical, narrow at the eye. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the
shade ; but red on the side next the sun, and strewed all over with spots
and dots of dark russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and
irregular basin. Stalk, short, set in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh,
L 2
IGO
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
greenish-white, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, with a brisk and rich flavor.
A dessert apple, of good, though not of first-rate quality ; it is in use
from November to February.
277. POPE'S APPLE.— H.
Fruit, large ; ovate, handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, clear
yellow, tinged with greenish patches, and strewed with dark dots ; on the
side next the sun it is marked with a few faint streaks of crimson. Eye,
large and open, like that of the Blenheim Pippin, and set in a wide and
plaited basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a round cavity, which is
lined with rough russet, and with an incipient protuberance on one side
of it. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, sugary and juicy, with a rich and
excellent flavor.
A very valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it is
in use from November to March.
This variety has all the properties of the Blenheim Pippin, and is much
superior to it, keeps longer, and has the great advantage of being an early
and abundant bearer.
This excellent apple is as yet but little known. I met with it in the
neighbourhood of Sittingbourne, in Kent, where it is greatly esteemed
and now extensively cultivated for the supply of the London markets.
The account I received of it was, that the original tree grew in the gar-
den of a cottager of the name of Pope, at Cellar Hill, in the parish of
Linstead, near Sittingbourne. It was highly prized by its owner, to whom
the crop afforded a little income, and many were the unsuccessful appli-
cations of his neighbours for grafts of what became generally known as
Pope's Apple. The proprietor of this cottage built a row of other dwell-
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 161
ings adjoining it, in the gardens of which there were no fruit trees ; for
the sake of uniformity, and in spite of Pope's importunities and the offer
of twenty shillings annual increase in the rental, the tree was condemned,
and cut down in 1846, at which period it was between 50 and 60 years
old. A few days after it was destroyed, Mr. Fairbeard, a nurseryman at
Green Street, procured a number of the grafts which he was successful in
propagating, and it is to him I am indebted for this variety.
278. POWELL'S RUSSET.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 748. Lind. Guide, 9.5. Rog. Fr. Cult. 74,
FiGUKE — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiii. f. 9.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an Inch and three quarters high ;
roundish, and regularly formed, broad and flattened at the base, and
narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, almost entirely covered with
pale brown russet ; but where any portion of the ground color is visible,
it is greenish-yelloAV on the shaded side, and tinged with brown where
exposed to the sun. Eye, open, placed in a round, even, and shallow
basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather wide, and
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, very juicy and sugary, with a rich
and highly ai'omatic flavor.
A dessert apple of the very first quality ; it is in use from November
to February.
279. PROLIFEROUS REINETTE.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters v/ide, and the same
in height ; oval, with ten obscure ribs, extending from the base to the
apex, where they form five small crowns. Skin, of a dull yellow ground
color, marked with small broken stripes or streaks of crimson, and thickly
covered with small russety specks. Eye, closed, placed in a shallow,
plaited, and knobbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters
long, deeply inserted the whole of its length in a round and smooth cavity.
Flesh, yellowish-white, very juicy and sugary, with a rich and brisk flavor.
A very fine, briskly flavored dessert apple ; in use from October to
December.
I received this variety from the garden at Hammersmith, formerly in
the possession of the late Mr. James Lee.
280. QUEEN OF SAUCE.— H.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and a
half high ; obtuse-ovate, broad and flat at the base, narrowing towards
the crown, and angular on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded
side ; but on the side exposed to the sun it is flushed with red, which is
marked with broken streaks of deeper red ; it is strewed all over with
patches of thin delicate russet, and large russety specks, those round the
eye being linear. Eye, open, set in a deep and angular basin, which is
russety at the base. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, deeply in-
M
] G'^ BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
serted in a round cavity, which is lined with coarse russet. Flesh, yel-
lowish, firra, crisp, juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unworthy of the dessert ;
it is in use from November to January.
281. RABINE.— Hort.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, and much flattened, ribbed on the
sides, and undulated round the margin of the basin of the eye. Skin,
greenish-yellow, marked with a few faint, broken streaks and freckles of
red, and strewed with grey russety dots on the shaded side ; but dark
dull red, marked and mottled with stripes of deeper red, on the side next
the sun. Eye, partially open, with broad flat segments, and placed in an
angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and uneven cavity, from
which issue a few linear markings of russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender,
crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
An excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or for the des-
sert, but more properly for the former ; it is in use from October to
Christmas.
282. RAMBO.— Coxe.
Identification. — Coxe View. 116. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Down. Fr, Amer. 93,
Stnonyme — Romanite, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. American Seck-no-fartber, Ibid.
Bread and Cheese Apple, ace. Down. Fr. Amer.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a
quarter high ; roundish oblate. Skin, smooth, pale yellow on the shaded
side; but yellow, streaked with red, on the side next the sun, and strewed
with large russety dots. Eye, closed, set in a wide, rather shallow, and
plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, and slender, inserted more than half
its length in a deep, round, and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, ten-
der and delicate, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
An American apple, suitable either for the dessert or for culinary pur-
poses ; and esteemed in its native countrj- as a variety of first-rate excel-
lence ; but with us of inferior quality, even as a kitchen apple ; it is in use
from December to January.
283. RAMBOUR FRANC— Duh,
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 307, pi. x. Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 615. Down, Fr. Amer. 94.
Stnontmes. — Frank Rambour, Switz.Fr. Gard. 135. Lind. Guide, 15. Rambour
Gros, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 844. Rambour Blanc, Merlet. Abrege. Rambour,
Quint. Inst. i. 202. Dahur. Traite. 115. Le Rambour, Bret. Ecole, ii. 470.
Rambourg, Riv. et Moul. Meth. 190. Rambourge, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 353. Pome
de Rambm-es, Rea Pom. 210. Rambour d'e'te', Poit. et Turp. Rambour d'e'te
or Summer Rambour, Coxe View. Cambour, Bank. Hist. i. 21. Charmant
Blanc, Zink Pom. No. 10. t. 2. Pomnie de Notre Dame, aec. Dahuron.
Friiher Rambourger, Mayer Pom. Franc. No. 18, t. 13. Weisse Sommerram-
bour, Sickler Obstgcirt. ix. 25. Lothinger, Saltz. Pom. No. 5. Lothinger Ram-
bour, Diel Kernobst. i. 93.
Figures. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 94. Sickler Obstgiirt. ix. t. 3.
THI': APPLF.. ITS VARIETIES. 163
Fruit, very large, four inches broad, and three inches high ; roundish
and flattened, with five ribs on the sides which extend to the eye, forming
prominent ridges round the apex. Skin, yellow, marked with thin pale
russet on the shaded side ; but sti-eaked and mottled with red on the side
next the sun. Eye, closed, and deeply set in an angular basin. Stalk,
short, deeply inserted in a round, even, and regular cavity, which is lined
with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, and of a leathery texture, brisk and
sugary, with a high flavor.
A good culinary apple ; in use during September and October.
This is an old French apple which must have been long cultivated in
this country ; as it is mentioned by Rea so early as 1665. It is supposed
to take its name from the village of Rembures, in Picardy, where it is
said to have been first discovered.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer.
284. RAVELSTON PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. i). 522. Hort. Soc. Cat. cd. 3, n. 622.
Lind. Guide, 9.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a half high ; roundish, irregular in its shape, caused by several
obtuse ribs which extend into the basin of the eye, round which they form
prominent ridges. Skin, greenish -yellow, nearly covered with red streaks,
and strewed with russety dots. Eye, closed, and set in an angular basin.
Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm,
sweet, and pleasantly flavored.
A dessert apple, of such merit in Scotland as to be generally grown
against a wall ; but in the south, where it has to compete with the pro-
ductions of a warmer climate, it is found to be only of second-rate quality.
Ripe in August.
285. RED ASTRACHAN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 522. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 17.
Lind. Guide, 6. Down. Fr. Amer. 75. Eog. Fr. Cult. 33.
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 123. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. v. f. 2.
Fruit, above the medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and
three inches high ; roundish, and obscurely angular on its sides. Skin,
greenish-yellow where shaded, and almost entirely covered with deep
crimson on the side exposed to the sun, the whole surface covered with
a fine delicate bloom. Eye, closed, set in a moderately deep and some-
what irregular basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a russety cavity.
Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, sugary, briskly and pleasantly flavored.
An early dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality. It is ripe in
August, and requires to be eaten when gathered from the tree, as it soon
becomes meally.
This variety was imported from Sweden, by William Atkinson, Esq.,
of Grove End, Paddington, in 1816.
The tree does not attain a large size, but is healthy and vigorous, and
an abundant bearer.
M 2
104 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC.,
^ 286. RED INGESTRIE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. i. 227. Kort. See. Cat. erl. 3, n. 358. Lind.
Guide, 23. Down. Fr, Amer, 95. Hog. Fr. Cult. 81.
FiGUKES, — Pom. Mag. t. 17. Ron. Pyr. Mai, pi. i. f. G.
Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter
high ; ovate, regularlj^ and handsomely shaped. Skin, clear bright yel-
low, tinged and mottled with red on the side exposed to the sun, and
strewed Avith numerous pearly specks. Eye, small, set in a wide and
even basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a small and shallow
cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, juicy, and highly flavored.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use during October and
November.
This excellent little apple was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq.,
from the seed of the Orange Pippin impregnated with the Golden Pippin,
about the year 1800. It, and the Yellow Ingestrie, were the produce of
two pips taken from the same cell of the core. The original trees are
still in existence at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire.
287. RED-MUST.— Evelyn.
Identification. — Evelyn Pom. Worl. Vin. 162. Pom.Heref. Lind. Guide, 109'.
Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 4.
Fruit, nearly, if not quite, the largest cider apple cultivated in Here-
fordshire. It is rather broad and flattened, a little irregijlar at its base,
which is hollow. Stalk, slender. Crown, sunk. Eye, deep, with a stout
erect calyx. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, with a deep i-osy
color where exposed to the sun, and shaded with a darker red. — Lindley.
The Red Must has at all periods been esteemed a good cider apple,
though the ciders lately made with it, unmixed with other apples, have
been light, and thin ; and I have never found the specific gravity of its
expressed juice to exceed 1064. — Knight.
288. RED-STREAK.— Evelyn.
Identification. — Evelyn Pom. Worl. Vin. 164. Nourse Camp. Fel. 143. Forg.
Treat. 123. Lind. Guide, 110. Pom. Heref. t. 1. Down. Fr. Amer. 146.
Synonymes. — Herefordshire Eed-Streak, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 625. Scuda-
more's Crab.
Figures. — Pom. Heref. t. 1. Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 4.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, narrowing toAvards the apex. Skin,
deep clear yellow, streaked with red on the shaded side ; but red, streaked
with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, small, with convergent
segments, set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and slender. Flesh,
yellow, firm, crisp, and rather dry.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1079.
A cider apple, which at one period was unsurpassed, but now compara-
tively but little cultivated.
THE APl'LE. ITS VARIETIES. 105
Perhaps there is no apple which at any period created such a sensation,
and of which so much was said and written during the 1 7th century, as
of the Red Streak. Prose and verse were both enlisted in its flivor. It
was chiefly by the writings of Evelyn it attained its greatest celebrity.
Philips, in his poem — Cyder, says
" Let every tree in every garden own
The Red Streak as supreme, whose pulpous fruit.
With gold irradiate, and vermilion, shines
Tempting, not fatal, as the birth of that
Frimseva!, interdicted plant, that won
Fond Eve, in hapless hour to taste, and die.
This, of more bounteous influence, inspires
Poetic raptures, and the lowly muse
Kindles to loftier strains; even I, perceive
Her sacred virtue. See! the numbers flow
Easy, whilst, cheer'd witli her nectareous juice,
Her's, and my country's praises, I exalt."
but its reputation began to decline about the beginning of the last century,
for we find Nourse saying, " As for the liquor which it yields, it is highly
esteemed for its noble colour and smell ; 'tis likewise fat and oily in the
taste, but withal very windy, luscious and fulsome, and will sooner clog
the stomach than any other cider whatsoever, leaving a waterish, raw
humour upon it ; so that with meals it is no way helpful, and they who
drink it, if I may judge of them by my own palate, will find their stomachs
pall'd sooner by it, than warm'd and enliven'd."
The Red Streak seems to have originated about the beginning of the
17th century, for Evelyn says " it was within the memory of some now
living, surnaraed the Scudaraore's Crab, and then not much known save
in the neighbourhood." It was called Scudamore's Crab, from being ex-
tensively planted by the first Lord Scudamore, who was son of Sir James
Scndamore, from whom Spencer is said to have taken the character of
Sir Scudamore in his " Fairie Queen." He was born in 1600, and created
by Charles I. Baron Dromore and Viscount Scudamore. He was at'
tending the Duke of Buckingham when he was stabbed at Portsmouth,
and was so affected at the event that he retired into private life, and de-
voted his attention to planting orchards, of which the Red-Streak formed
the principal variety. In 1634 he was sent as ambassador to France, in
which capacity he continued for four years. He was a zealous royalist
duriog the civil wars, and was taken prisoner by the parliament party,
while his property was destroyed, and his estate sequestered. He died
in 1671.
289. RED STREAKED RAWLING.— II.
Synonvme and Figdre.— Rawling's Fine Redstreak. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. x. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches wide by two and a quarter deep ; roundish,
and slightly angular. Skin, yellow, streaked with red on the shaded side ';
but entirely covered with clear dark red, and striped with still darker red
on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow
and plaited basin. Stalk, long and slender, inserted in a wide and deep
cavity, Avhich is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, sweet, juicy
166 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
and well flavored, abounding in a sweet and pleasant juice.
A culinary apple, well adapted for sauce ; it is in nse from October to
Christmas.
This is an old Devonshire apple, and no doubt the Sweet Rawling re-
ferred to in a communication to one of Bradley's " Monthly Treatises,"
from which the following is an extract. " We have an apple in this
country called a Rawling, of which there is a sweet and a sour ; the sour
when ripe (which is very early) is a very fair large fruit, and of a pleasant
taste, inclined to a golden color, full of narrow red streaks ; the Sweet
Rawling, has the same colours but not quite so large, and if boiled grows
hard ; whereas the sour becomes soft, ^ow what I have to inform you
of is, viz.: I have a tree which bears both sorts in one apple; one side of
the apple is altogether sweet, the other side sour ; one side bigger than
the other ; and when boiled the one side is soft, the other hard, as all
sweet and sour apples are."
290. REINETTE DE BREDA.— Diel.
Identification. — Diel Kernobst. i. 110. Sickler Obstgiirt. ix. 212.
FiGDKE. — Sickler Obstgart. ix. t. 9.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and a
quarter high ; roundish and compressed. Skin, at first pale yellow, but
changing as it ripens to fine deep golden yellow, and covered with numer-
ous russety streaks and dots, and with a tinge of red and fine crimson
dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, set in a wide and plaited basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-
white, firm and crisp, but tender and juicy, with a rich vinous and aro-
matic flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to March.
This is the Reinette d'Aizerna of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue,
and may be the Nelguin of Knoop, but it is certainly not the Reinette
d'Aizema of Knoop.
291. REINETTE BLANCHE D'ESPAGNE.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 636. Diel Kernobst. v. B. 80. Mayer
Pom. Franc. Down. Fr. Amer. 130.
Stnonymes.— Reinette d'Espagne, Bret. Ecole, ii. 477. Reinette Tendre. Blanc
d'Espagne, Bon. Jard. 1843,"514. D'Espagne, ace. Hort. Soe. Cat. De Rateau,
ace. Pom. Mag. Concombre Ancien, Ibid. Fall Pippin, Rog. Fr. Cult. 95.
Cobbett's Fall Pippin, ace. Hort. Soe. Cat. Large Fall Pippin, Hort. Soe. Cat.
ed. 1, 315 Camuesar, in Spain. White Spanish Reinette, Pom. Mag. Lind
Guide, 83.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 110.
Fruit, very large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and
three quarters high ; oblato-oblong, angular on the sides and uneven at
the crown, where it is nearly as broad as at the base. Skin, smooth and
unctuous to the feel, yellowish-green in the shade, but orange tinged
with brownish-red next the sun, and strewed with dark dots. Eye, large
and open, set in a deep, angular, and irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch
long, inserted in a narrow, and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 167
tender, juicy and sugary.
An apple of first-rate quality, suitable for the dessert, but particularly
so for all culinary purposes. It is in use from December to April.
The tree is healthy and vigorous, and an excellent bearer. It requires
a dry, warm, and loamy soil.
292. REINETTE DE CANADA.— Bret.
Identification. — Bret. Ecole, ii. 476. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 868. Bon. Jard.
Synonymes. — Reinette du Canada, Cal. Traite.ui. 5\. Hort. Soc.Cat.eA.S,n.
640. Grosse Reiuet.te d'Angleterre, Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 299, t. xii. f. 5. Reinette
de Canada Blanche, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 868. Reinette de Canada a Cotes.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 869. Reinette de Caen, Ibid. 867. De Canada, Ibid. 139.
De Bretagne, Ibid. 104. Portugal, Ibid. 803. Janurea, Ibid. 489. Reinette
Grosse de Canada, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. St. Helena Russet, Ibid. Wahre
Reinette, Ibid. Grosse Englische Reinette, Diel Kernobst. i. 106. Canadian
Reinette, Lind. Guide, 40. Porn. Mug. Canada Reinette, Down. Fr. Amer. 129.
Grosse d'Angleterre. Mala Janurea, of the Ionian Islands.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 77. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pi. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xi. f. 1.
Poit. et Turp. pi. 32.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches deep ;
oblato-conical, with prominent ribs originating at the eye, and diminish-
ing as they extend downwards towards the stalk. Skin, greenish-yellow,
with a tinge of brown on the side next the sun, covered with numerous
brown russety dots, and reticidations of russet. Eye, large, partially closed,
with short segments, and set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk,
about an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, wide, and generally
smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, brisk, and highly
flavored.
An apple of first-rate quality, either for culinary or dessert use ; it is in
season from November to April.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains a large size. It
is also an excellent bearer ; the finest fruit are produced from dwarf
trees.
293. REINETTE CARPENTIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 35.
Synonyme.— Kleine Graue Reinette, Sickler Obstgdrt. ix. 413. Der Carpentin,
Diel Kernobst. i. 174.
Figure. — Sickler Obstgart. ix. t. 18.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ;
roundish or rather oblato-oblong. Skin, yellowish-green on the shaded
side ; but striped, and washed with dark glossy red, on the side next the
sun, and so much covered with a thick cinnamon-colored russet that the
ground colors are sometimes only partially visible. Eye, set in a wide
saucer-like basin, which is considerably depressed. Stalk, an inch long,
thin, and inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white,
delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk, vinous, and peculiar aromatic
flavor, slightly resembling anise.
A first-rate dessert apple ; in use from December to April.
108 BPJTISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
The tree is a free grovv^er, with long slender shoots, and when a little
aged, is a very abundant bearer.
294. REINETTE DIEL.— Van Mons.
Identification. — Diel Kernobst. i. B. 78. Hort. Soc. Oat. ed. 3, n. 647.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two and a quarter
high ; oblate, even, and handsomely shaped. Skin, at first yellowish-
white, but changes by keeping to a fine yellow color ; on the side next
the sun it is marked with several crimson spots and dots, strewed all over
with russety dots, which are large and brownish on the shaded side, but
small and greyish on the other. Eve, open, with short segments, set in
a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a
deep and russety cavity, with sometimes a fleshy boss at its base. Flesh,
white, firm, crisp, delicate and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and spicy flavor,
A beautiful and excellent dessert apple of the first quality ; it is in use
from December to March.
The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an abundant
bearer.
This variety was raised by Dr. Van Mons, and named in honor of his
friend Dr. Aug. Friedr. Adr. Diel.
295. REINETTE FRANCHE.— Duh.
Identification.— Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 300. Bret. Ecole, ii. 474. Knoop Pom. 53,
t. ix. Lind. Guide, 56.
Synonymes. — Reinette Blanche, Quint. Inst. i. 201. Eeinette Blanche dite Prime,
Merlet Abrege. Reinette Blanclie or Pranche, Mill. Diet. French Reinette, Rog.
Fj: Cult. ] 04. Franz Henette, Mai/er Pom. Franc. 3, 'No. 4&. Reinette de Nor-
mandie, Christ Handb. No, 92. Weisse Reinette, Salz. Pom. No. 22. Franz-
osisclie Edelreinette, Diel Kernobst. i. 120.
Figure. — Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 93.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two
inches and a half high ; roundish-oblate, slightly angular on its sides, and
uneven round the eye. Skin, smooth, thickly covered with brown russety
spots ; greenish-yellow, changing as it ripens to pale-yellow ; and some-
times tinged with red when fully exposed to the sun. Eye, partially open,
with long green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and, prominently
plaited basin. Stalk, short, and thick, deeply inserted in a round cavity,
which is lined with greenish-grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender,
delicate, crisp and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and musky flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to April.
Roger Schabol says, it has been kept two years, in a cupboard excluded
from the air.
The tree is a free grower, and an abundant bearer ; but subject to
canker, unless grown in light soil, and a dry and warm situation.
This is a very old French apple, varying very much in quality accord-
ing to the soil in which it is grown ; but so highly esteemed in France
as to take as much precedence of all other varieties, as the Ribston and
Golden Pippin does in this country.
THE APPLE. ITS VAIUETIES. 169
296. REINETTE GRISE.— Quint.
Identificatjon.— Quint. Inst. i. 201. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 302. Knoop Pom. 50.
t. ix. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 123. Rog. Fr. Cult. 103.
Synonymes.— Reinette Grise Extra, r/cc. f/ort. Soc. Cut. ed. 1,89.5. Belle Fille,
Ihid. 53. Prager, ace. Hort. Sue Cat. ed. 2. Grauwe Franse Renett, Knoop
Pom. 132. Aechte Graue I^anzosische Reinette. Reinette Grise Frau^aise
Biel Kernubst. i. 168. Reinette Grise d'Hiver, Riv. et. Maul. Metli. 191.
Figures.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 8. Brook. Pom. Brit, Ixxxviii. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two and a half high ;
roundish, flattened on both sides, rather broadest at the base, and gener-
ally with five obscure angles on the sides. Skin, dull yellowish-green in
the shade, and with a patch of thin, dull, brownish-red on the side next
the sun, which is so entirely covered with brown russet that little color
is visible ; the shaded side is marked with large linear patches of rough
brown russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a deep
and angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular
cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a brisk
and excellent flavor.
A very fine dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November
to May.
The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
This is one of the finest old French apples ; but considered inferior to
the Reinette Franche.
297. REINETTE JAUNE SIJC REE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 673. Diel Kernobst. v. 112.
Synonymes.— Citron, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,159. D'Angloise, Ibid. 13. Chance,
aec. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Gelbe Zuckerreinette, Did. Kernobst. v. 112.
Fruit, rather above medium size, three inches broad, and two and a
half high ; roundish, and very much flattened at the base. Skin, thin
and tender, pale green at first, but changing as it attains maturity to a
fine deep yellow, with a deeper and somewhat of an orange tinge on the
side exposed to the sun ; and covered all over with numerous large russety
dots, and a few traces of delicate russet. Eye, open, with long acuminate,
green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, an
inch long, inserted in a deep round cavity, which is lined with thin russef.
Flesh, yellowish, delicate, tender and very juicy, with a rich sugary flavor
and without much acidity.
Either as a dessert or culinary apple, this variety is of first-rate excel-
lence ; it is in use from November to February.
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but it is
very subject to canker unless grown in a light and warm soi).
298. REINETTE VAN MONS.
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; inclining to conical in shape. Skin, yellow
on the shaded side, but redish-brown, shading off to orange-yellow,
where exposed to the sun ; the whole strewed with numerous russety
170 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
dots. Eye, closed, and placed in a small, round basin. Stalk, short,
inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow,
tender, crisp, rich, and sugary.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December till April
or May.
299. REINETTE VERTE.— Merlet.
Identification. — Merlet Abrege. Riv. et Moul. Meth. 192. Knoop Pom. 49,
t. 8. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 699.
Synonymes. — Groene Franse Renette, ace. Knoop Pom. \32. Groene Henet, Idid.
t. 8. Griine Reinette, Sichler Obstgdrt. iii. 177. Diel Kernobst. v. 95.
Figure. — Mayer Pom. Franc, t. xxvi. Sickler Obstgart. iii. t. 10.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and
a quarter high ; roundish, considerably flattened at the base, and slightly
ribbed at the eye, handsome, and regularly shaped. Skin, thin, smooth
and shining, pale green at first, but becoming yellowish-green as it attains
maturity, with sometimes a redish tinge, and marked with large grey
russety dots and lines of russet. Eye, partially closed, with long acumi-
nate segments, set in a pretty deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an
inch long, inserted in a deep and round cavity, lined with russet, which
extends in ramifications over the whole of the base. Flesh, yellowish-
white, tender and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, and highly aromatic flavor,
"partaking of the flavors of the Golden Pippin and Nonpareil".
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to May.
The tree is vigorous and healthy, and a good bearer ; but does not
become of a large size.
300. RHODE ISLAND GREENING.— Hort.
Identification. — Coxe View, 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. DoAvn. Fr. Amer.
128.
Synonymes. — Green Newtown Pippin, Lind. Guide, 50. Jersey Greening, Coxe
View, 129. Burlington Greening, ace. Coxe.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a
half high ; roundish and slightly depressed, with obscure ribs on the sides.
Skin, smooth and imctuous to the touch, dark green at first, becoming
pale as it ripens, and sometimes with a faint blush near the stalk. Eye,
small and closed, set in a slightly depressed basin. Stalk, three quarters
of an inch long, curved, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a narrow
and rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tinged with green, tender,
crisp, juicy, sugary, with a rich, brisk, and aromatic flavor.
An apple of first-rate quality for all culinary purposes, and excellent
also for the dessert ; it is in use from November to April.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, hardy, and an excellent
bearer ; succeeds well in almost any situation.
This variety is of American origin, and was introduced to this country
by the London Horticultural Society, who received it from David Hosack,
Esq., M.D., of New York. It is extensively grown in the middle
states of America, where the Newtown Pippin does not attain perfection,
and for which it forms a good substitute.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 171
301. RIBSTON PIPPIN.— Fors.
Identification. — Fors. Treat, ed. 7, 124. Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n. 704. Lind.
Guide, 80. Diel Kernobst. xi. 93.<fcX)ovvn. Fr. Amer. 131. Rog. Fr. Cult. 88.
SvNONYMES. — Glory of York, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 946. Formosa Pippin, Ibid.
341. Traver's Pippin. Ibid. 1117. Bid Kernobst. vi. B. 108.
FiGDRES. — Pom. Mag. 1. 141. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxvii. f. 5. Pom. Lond. Brook.
Pom. Brit. pi. Ixxxviii. f. 6.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and irregular in its outline, caused by
several obtuse and unequal angles on its sides. Skin, greenish-yellow,
changing as it ripens to dull yellow, and marked with broken streaks of
pale red on the shaded side ; but dull red changing to clear faint crimson,
marked with streaks of deeper crimson, on the side next the sun, and
generally russety over the base. Eye, small and closed, set in an irregular
basin, which is generally netted with russet. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
slender, and generally inserted its whole length in a round cavity, which is
surrounded with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, rich and sugary,
charged with a powerful aromatic flavor.
An apple so well known, as to require neither description nor encomium.
It is in greatest perfection during November and December ; but with
good management will keep till March.
The tree is in general hardy, a vigorous grower, and a good bearer,
provided it is grown in a dry soil ; but if otherwise it is almost sure to
canker. In all the southern and middle counties of England it succeeds
well as an open standard ; but in the north, and in Scotland, it requires
the protection of a wall to bring it to perfection. Nicol calls it " a uni-
versal apple for these kingdoms ; it will thrive at John O'Groat's, while
it deserves a place at Exeter or at Cork."
There is no apple which has ever been introduced to this country, or
indigenous to it, which is more generally cultivated, more familiarly
known, or held in higher popular estimation, than the Ribston Pippin. It
has long been in existence in this country, but did not become generally
known till the end of the last century. It is not mentioned in any of the
editions of Miller's Dictionary, or by any other author of that period ;
neither was it grown in the Brompton Park nursery in 1770. In 1785 I
find it was grown to the extent of a quarter of a row, or about 25 plants ;
and as this supply seems to have sufficed for three years' demand, its
merits must have been but little known. In 1788, it extended to one
row, or about one hundred plants, and three years later to two rows ;
from 1791, it increased one row annually, till 1794, when it reached five
rows. From these facts we may pretty well learn the rise and progress of
its popularity. It is now in the same nursery cultivated to the extent of
about 25 rows, or 2500 plants annually.
The original tree was first discovered growing in the garden at Ribston
Hall, near Knaresborough, but how, when, or by what means it came
there, has not been satisfactorily ascertained. One account states that
about the year 1688, some apple pips were brought from Rouen and sown
at Ribston Hall, near Knaresborough ; the trees then produced from them
were planted in the park, and one turned out to be the variety in question.
The original tree stood till 1810, when it was blown down by a violent
gale of wind. It was afterwards supported by stakes in a horizontal posi-
ir^
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
tion, and continued to produce fruit till it lingered and died in 1835.
Since then, a young shoot has been produced about four inches below the
surface of the ground, which, with proper care, may become a tree, and
thereby preserve the original of this favorite old dessert apple. The gar-
dener at Ribston Hall, by whom this apple was raised, was the father of
Lowe, who during the last century was the fruit tree nurseryman at
Hampton Wick.
302. ROBINSON'S PIPPIN.— Forsyth.
Lind. Guide, 56. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n.
124.
Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 3. Brook. Pom.
Identification. — Fors. Treat.
711. Rog. Fr. Cult. 97.
Figures. — Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 42.
Brit. 1)1. xci. f. 1.
Fruit, small ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, where it is quite
flat, and covered with thin russet.
Vii^'^ "^-N. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shad-
ed side ; but brownish-red where
exposed to the sun, and strewed
all over with minute russety dots.
Eye, prominent, not at all depress-
ed, and closed with broad flat seg-
ments. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
stout, and inserted in a slight de-
pression. Flesh, greenish, tender,
crisp, sweet, and very juicy; with
a fine, brisk, poignant, and slightly
perfumed flavor, much resembling
that of the Golden Pippin and
Nonpareil.
A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from
December to February. The fruit is produced in clusters of sometimes
eight and ten, at the ends of the branches.
The tree is of small size and slender growth, and not a free bearer.
It is well adapted for dwarf and espalier training when grafted on the
doucin or paradise stock, in which case it also bears better than on the
crab stock.
According to Mr. Lindley this variety was grown for many years in
the old kitchen garden at Kew ; and Rogers thinks it first originated
in the Turnham Green nursery, which was during a portion of the last
century, occupied by a person of the name of Robinson.
303. ROSE DE CHINA.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 718.
Fruit, medium sized, or rather below medium size ; roundish and
flattened, almost oblate, regularly formed, and without angles. Skin,
smooth and delicate, pale greenish-yellow, with a few broken streaks of
pale red, intermixed Avith crimson, on the side exposed to the sun, and
strewed with minute dark colored dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
173
shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slender,
inserted in a round, deep, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white tinged with green, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a sweet
and pleasant flavor.
A very good, but not first-rate, dessert apple ; it is in use from Novem-
ber to February, This does not appear to be the " Rose Apple of China "
of Coxe, which he imported from England, and which he says is a large
oblonji fruit with a short thick stalk.
304. ROSEMARY RUSSET.— Ronalds.
Identification and Fiocre. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 31, pi. xvi. f. 1.
Fruit, below medium size ; ovate, broadest at the base and narrowing
obtusely towards the
apex, a good deal of
the shape of a Scarlet
Nonpareil. Skin, yel-
low, tinged with green
on the shaded side ;
but flushed with faint
red on the side exposed
to the sun, and covered
with thin pale brown
russet, particularly
round the eye and the
stalk. Eye, small and
open, with erect seg-
ments, set in a narrow,
round, and even basin.
Stalk, very long, in-
serted in a round and
wide cavity. Flesh,
yellowish, crisp, ten-
der, very juicy, brisk,
and sugary, and charg-
ed with a peculiarly rich and highly aromatic flavor.
A most delicious and valuable dessert apple of the very first quality ;
it is in use from December till February.
305. ROSS NONPAREIL.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 454. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 480,
Lind. Guide, 96. Down. Fr. Amer. 95.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 90. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiv. f. 7.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches high, and two inches and a half broad ;
roundish, even, and regularly formed, narrowing a little towards the eye.
Skin, entirely covered with thin russet, and faintly tinged with red on the
side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and even basin.
Stalk, an inch long, slender, inserted half its length in a round and even
174 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
cavity. Flesh,, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk and sugary, charged
with a rich and aromatic flavor, which partakes very much of that of the
varieties known by the name of Fenouillet, or Fennel-flavored apples.
This is one of the best dessert apples ; it is in use from November to
February.
The tree is an excellent bearer, hardy, and a free grower, and succeeds
well on almost any description of soil.
This variety is of Irish origin.
306. ROUND WINTER NONESUCH.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 491.
Fruit, large, over three inches wide, and two and a half high ; round-
ish and very considerably flattened, or somewhat oblate ; uneven in its
outline, caused by several obtuse and unequal, though not prominent ribs
on the sides. Skin, thick and membranous, smooth, pale yellow slightly
tinged with green on the shaded side ; but on the side exposed to the
sun, it is marked with broken stripes and spots of beautiful deep crimson,
thinly sprinkled all over with a few russety dots. Eye, large and closed,
so prominently set and raised above the surface as to appear puffed up,
and set on bosses. Stalk, very short, inserted in a round funnel-shaped
cavity, and not protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish-white, ten-
der, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from November to
March.
The tree is an excellent bearer, and the fruit being large and beauti-
ful, this variety is worthy the notice of the market gardener and orchardist.
307. ROYAL PEARMAIN.— Rea.
Identification. — Rea Pom. 210. Lind. Guide, 81. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 357. Rog.
Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst. xii. 132. Meag. Eng. Gard.
Stnontmes — Herefordsbire Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 544. Switz. Fr. Gard.
137. Down. Fr. Amer. 112. Hertfordsbire Pearmain, Mill. Diet. Pearmain
Royal, Knoop Pom. 71, tab. xii. PearDiain Royal De Longue Dure'e, Ibid. 131.
Engelsche Konings of Kings Pepping, Ibid. Merveille Pearmain, Ibid. Pear-
main Double, Ibid. Englische Koaigsparmane, Diel Kernobst. xii. 132.
FiGTJKE. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxii. f. 4.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height ; pearmain-
shaped and slightly angular, having generally a prominent rib on one
side of it. Skin, smooth, dark dull green at first on the shaded side, but
changing during winter to clear greenish-yellow, and marked with traces
of russet ; on the side next the sun it is covered with brownish-red and
streaks of deeper red, all of which change during winter to clear crimson
strewed with many russety specks. Eye, small and open, with broad
segments which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, pretty deep,
and plaited basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters long, in-
serted in a deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tinged
with green, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary and perfumed, with a brisk and
pleasant flavor.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES, 175
A fine old English apple, suitable chiefly for culinary purposes, and
useful also in the dessert. It comes into use in November and Decem-
ber, and continues till March.
The tree attains the middle size, is a free and vigorous grower, very
hardy, and an excellent bearer.
In the Horticultural Society's Catalogue this is called the old Pearmain,
but this name is applicable to the Winter Pearmain. Rea is the first who
notices the Royal Pearmain, and he says " it is a much bigger and better
tasted apple than the common kind." The Royal Pearmain of some
nurseries is a very different variety from this, and will be found described
under Summer Pearmain.
308. ROYAL REINETTE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hovt. Trans, vol. iv. p. 529. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 692.
Lind. Guide, 82.
Fruit, large ; conical. Skin, yellow, smooth and glossy, strewed all
over with russety spots ; stained and striped with brilliant red on the side
next the sun. Eye, large and open, set in an even and shallow basin.
Stalk, very short, inserted in a very narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh,
pale yellow, firm and tender, juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant
flavor.
A very good apple for culinary purposes, and second-rate for the des-
sert ; it is in use from December to April.
The tree is an abundant bearer, and is extensively grown in the western
parts of Sussex, where it is esteemed a first-rate fruit.
309. ROYAL RUSSET.— Miller.
Identification. — Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 749. Fors. Treat. 125.
Rog. Fr. Cult. 108. Lind. Guide, 96.
Synonyme. — Passe Pomme de Canada, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Reinette de Canada
Grise, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 870. Reinette de Canada Platte, Ibid. 871. Leather
Coat, Laws. Orch. 65. Raii. Hist. 1448.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xix. f. 1.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high ; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, covered
with rough brown russet, which has a brownish tinge on the side next
the sun ; some portions only of the ground color are visible, which is
yellowish-green. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and rather shal-
low basin. Stalk, half an-inch long, inserted in a wide and deep cavity.
Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp, brisk, juicy and sugary.
A most excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from
November to May, but is very apt to shrink and become dry, unless, as
Mr. Thompson recommends, it is kept in dry sand.
The tree is of a very vigorous habit, and attains the largest size. It is
perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer.
This has always been a favorite old English variety, being mentioned
by Lawson so early as 1597, and much esteemed by almost every subse-
quent writer.
176
BRTTTSH POMOLOGY, ETC.
310. ROYAL SHEPHERD.— H.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and three quar-
ters high ; roundish, inclining to ovate, slightly ribbed, and narrowing
towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow in the shade ; but covered with
dull red next the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots.
Eye, partially closed, set in a round and rather deep basin. Stalk short,
inserted in a deep tunnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with ramifications
of russet. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk and pleasantly flavored.
A very good culinary apple, grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster.
It is in use during November and December and will keep till March or
April.
311. RUSSET TABLE PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 557.
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi. f. 1.
Ron. Pyr. Mai. 41.
Fruit, below medium size ; oblong-ovate. Skin, very much covered
with brown russet ; except on the
shaded side, where there is a lit-
tle yellowish-green visible, and
on the side next the sun, where
it is orange, with a flame of deep
bright ci'imson, breaking through
the russet. Eye, open, with erect,
rigid segments, and set in a wide,
shallow, saucer-like, and plaited
basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
slender, and extending beyond
the base. Flesh, yellow, firm,
very rich, juicy, and sugary, with
a fine aromatic, and perfumed
flavor.
A beautiful and handsome lit-
tle apple of first-rate excellence. It is in use from November to Feb-
ruary.
312. RUSHOCK PEARMAIN.— M.
Identification and Figure. — Maund. Fruit, 70
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and the
same in height ; conical, even and handsomely formed. Skin, of a fine
deep yellow color, almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet,
with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open,
with broad, flat segments, which generally fall off as the fruit ripens.
Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a pretty deep
cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk, sub-acid,
and sugary flavor.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from
THE ArPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 177
Christmas to April. It is frequently met with in the Birmingham
markets. This variety was, according to Mr. Maund, raised by a black-
smith of the name of Charles Taylor, at Rushock in Worcestershire,
about the year 1821, and is sometimes known by the name of Charles's
Pearmain.
313. RYMER.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 329. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 358.
Lind. Guide, 33.
Synontmes. — Caldwell, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed i. 124. Green Cossings, Ibid. 411.
Newbold's Duke of York, Ibid. 286. Cordwall
FiGrrKE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xli. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and
three quarters high ; roundish, and flattened, with five obscure ribs, on
the sides, extending into the basin of the eye. Skin, smooth, thinly
strewed with redish-brown dots, and a few faint streaks of pale red on
the shaded side ; and of a beautiful deep red, covered with yellowish-
grey dots, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with broad reflexed
segments, set in a round and moderately deep basin. Stalk, short,
inserted in a round and deep cavity, lined with rough russet, which
extends in ramifications over the base. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and
pleasantly sub-acid.
A good culinary apple, in use from October to Christmas.
314. SACK AND SUGAR.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 761. Eog. Fr. Cult. 41.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 1.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and an
inch and three quarters high ; roundish, inclining to oval, with promi-
nent ridges round the eye. Skin, pale yellow. Eye, large, and open with
erect segments, and rather deeply placed in a round, wide, and angular
basin. Flesh, white, soft, tender, very juicy, sugary, and pleasantly
flavored.
A good early apple, either for culinary purposes or the dessert ; ripe
in the end of July and beginning of August, and continuing during
September.
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and an immense bearer, so
much so, as to be injurious to the crop of the following year.
This apple was raised nearly half a century ago, by Mr. Morris, a
market gardener, at Brentford, and is sometimes met with under the
name of Morris's Sack and Sugar.
315. SAINT JULIEN.— Calvel.
Identification. — Cal. Traits, iii. 27. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 764. Pom.
Mag. iii. 165.
Stnonymes. — Seigneur d'Orsay, ace. Hort. Soc, Cat. Concombre des Chartreux.
Heilige Julians apfel.
N
178 BRITISH POMOLOaY, ETC.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and
three quarters high ; roundish, narrowing towards the eye, and angular
on its sides. Skin, yellowish-green, covered with large patches of ashy
colored russet, and in dry warm seasons, sometimes tinged with red.
Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch
long, slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, firm,
juicy, sugary, and richly flavored.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from December to
March.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
316. SAM YOUNG.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 324. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 768.
Lind. Guide, 97. Down. Fr. Amer. 134.
Synonyme. — Irish Russet, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. i. 985.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 130
Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters high, and about two inches
and a half wide ; roundish-oblate. Skin, light greenish-yellow, almost
entirely covered with grey russet, and strewed with minute russety dots
on the yellow part, but tinged with brownish-red on the side next the
sun. Eye, large and open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin.
Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, tinged with green,
firm, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, and highly flavored.
A delicious little dessert apple, of the first quality ; in use from
November to February.
This variety is of Irish origin, and was first introduced to public
notice by Mr. Robertson, the nurseryman of Kilkenny.
317. SCARLET CROFTON.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 453. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n, 192.
Synonyme. — Red Crofton, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblate, slightly angular on the sides. Skin,
covered with yellowish russet, except on the side next the sun, where
it is bright red, with a mixture of russet. Eye, set in a wide and
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity.
Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored.
A most delicious dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from
October to December, and does not become meally.
The Scarlet Crofton is of Irish orisrin.
318. SCARLET LEADINGTON.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 404.
Fruit, above medium size ; oval, angular, broadest at the base and
narrowing towards the eye, where it is distinctly four-sided. Skin,
striped with yellow, and bright red or scarlet streaks, and thickly
THE ArPLE. ITS VARIETIES,
179
covered with russety specks. Eye, large and closed, with long broad
segments, and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide
and shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, streaked
and veined with pink or lilac-red veins, firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary,
with a brisk and pleasant flavor.
An apple much esteemed in Scotland, as a first-rate variety, both for
the dessert and culinary purposes ; but it does not rank so high in the
south ; it is in use from November to February.
319. SCARLET NONPAREIL.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 482. Lind. Guide, 98. Fors. Treat.
118. Down. Fr. Araer. 120. Rog. Fr. Cult. 69.
Stnontme. — New Scarlet Nonpariel, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 87. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiv. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized ; globular, narrowing towards the apex, regularly
and handsomely shaped.
Skin, yellowish on the
shaded side ; but covered
with red, which is streaked
with deeper red, on the
side next the sun ; and
covered with patches of
russet and large russety
specks. Eye, open, set in
a shallow and even basin.
Stalk, an inch or more in
length, inserted in a small
round cavity, which is
lined with scales of silvery
grey russet. Flesh,
yellowish - white, firm,
juicy, rich, and sugary.
A very excellent dessert
apple, of first-rate quality ;
it is in use from January to March.
The tree is hardy, a good grower, though slender in its habit ; and
an excellent bearer.
The Scarlet Nonpareil, was first discovered growing in the garden of
a publican, at Esher, in Surrey, and was first cultivated by Grimwood, of
the Kensington nursery.
320. SCARLET PEARMAIN.— Hitt.
Identification.— Hitt Treat. 296. Fors. Treat. 93. Hort. Soc Cat. ed.3, n. 558.
Lind. Guide, 33. Down. Fr. Amcr. 96. Rog. Fr. Cult. 72.
Stnonymes. — Bell's Scarlet Pearmain, Hon. Pyr. Mai. 15. Bell's Scarlet, Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. i. 767. Oxford Peach Apple, Ibid. 741. Englisclie Scharlachrothe
Parmane. i'fe/ .STerno^s^ x. 111.
Figures. — Pom.
t. 62. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. viii. f. 2.
N 2
180 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and
a quarter high ; conical, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin,
smooth, tender and shining, of a rich, deep, bright crimson, on the side
next the sun ; but of a paler color, intermixed with a tinge of yellow,
on the shaded side ; and the whole surface sprinkled with russety dots.
Eye, half open, with long broad segments, set in a round, even, and
rather deep basin. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch long, deeply
inserted in a round, even, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is generally
russety at the insertion of the stalk. Flesh, yellowish, with a tinge of
red under the skin ; tender, juicy, sugary, and vinous.
A beautiful, and handsome dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; in use
from October to January.
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, attaining about the middle
size ; and is an excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise
stock, on which it forms a good dwarf or espalier tree. The variety
called Hood's Seedling, seems to me to be identical with the Scarlet
Pearmain.
321. SCARLET TIFFING.— H.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a
quarter high ; roundish, inclining to oblate, and irregularly angular.
Skin, pale yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side, and round the
eye ; but deep scarlet where exposed to the sun, extending in general
over the greater portion of the fruit. Eye, small and closed, set in an
irregular, ribbed, and warted basin. Stalk, fleshy, about half an inch
long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, very tender, crisp,
juicy, and pleasantly acid.
A valuable and excellent culinary apple, much grown in the orchard
districts about Lancaster. It is in use during November and December.
322. SCOTCH BRIDGET.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and narrowing
towards the apex, where it is rather knobbed, caused by the terminations
of the angles on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow, on the
shaded side, and almost entirely covered with bright deep red on the
side next the sun. Eye, closed, set in an angular and warted basin.
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, straight, thick, and stout, inserted
in a very narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, soft, juicy,
and briskly flavored.
An excellent culinary apple, much grown in the neighbourhood of
Lancaster ; in use from October to January.
323. SCREVETON GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification.— Hort. Trans, iv. 218. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 288.
Fruit, larger than the old Golden Pippin, and little, if at all, inferior
to it in flavor. Skin, yellowish, considerably marked with russet.
Flesh, yellow, and more tender than the old Golden Pippin.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 181
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; raised in the garden of Sir
John Thoroton, Bart., at Screveton, in Nottinghamshire, about the
year 1808. It is in use from December to April.
324. SEEK-NO-FARTHER.— Ronalds.
Identification & Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 45, pi. xxiii. f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized ; conical, or pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish-
green, streaked with
broken patches of crim-
son, on the shaded side ;
and strewed with grey
russety dots; but covered
with light red, which is
marked with crimson
streaks, and covered with
patches of fine delicate
russet, and numerous
large, square, and stelloid
russety specks like scales,
on the side exposed to
the sun. Eye, small and
closed, with broad, flat,
segments, the edges of
which fit neatly to each
other, set in a rather
deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, stout, and
inserted in a deep, round, and regular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow,
crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and vinous, charged with a pleasant aromatic
flavor.
An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is in use from
November to January.
This is the true old Seek-no-farther.
325. SELWOOD'S REINETTE.— Rog.
iDENTIFrCATION. — ^Rog. Fr. Clllt. 103.
Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about two inches and a half high ;
round and flattened, angular on the sides, and with five prominent
plaits round the eye, which is small, open, and not at all depressed, but
rather elevated on the surface. Skin, pale green, almost entirely covered
with red, which is marked with broken stripes of darker red, those
on the shaded side being paler, and not so numerous as on the side
exposed to the sun. Stalk, about half-an-inch longpvery stout, and
inserted the whole of its length in a russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-
white, tender, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple, of good, but not first-rate, quality. It is in use
from December to March.
182 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
The tree is a strong and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer.
This is certainly a different variety from the Selwood's Reinette of
the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, which is described as being small,
pearmain-shaped, greenish-yellow, and a dessert apple. It is however,
identical with the Selwood's Reinette of Rogers, who, as we are informed,
in his " Fruit Cultivator," received it upwards of sixty years ago from
Messrs. Hewitt and Co., of Brompton. The tree now in my possession,
I procured as a graft from the private garden of the late Mr. Lee, of
Hammersmith ; and as it has proved to be the same as Rogers's variety,
I am induced to think that it is correct, while that of the Horticultural
Society is wrong. It was raised by a person of the name of Selwood, of
Lancaster.
326. SHAKE SPERE.—M.
Identification & Figuke. — Maund Fruit, pi. 71.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a half high ; roundish, narrowing a little towards the eye.
Skin, dark green on the shaded side, and brownish-red on the side next
the sun, which is marked with a few broken stripes of darker red ; the
whole strewed with russety dots. Eye, small, and partially open, set in
a narrow and irregular basin, which is ridged round the margin. Stalk,
short and slender, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-
yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk vinous flavor.
An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality. In use from
Christmas to April.
This variety was raised by Thomas Hunt, Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon,
from the seed of Hunt's Duke of Gloucester, and named in honor of
the poet Shakespere.
327. SHEEP'S NOSE.— Hort.
Stnontmes. — Bullock's Pippin, Coxe View, 125. Long Tom, Ibid.
Fruit, large, about three inches and a half long, and about three
inches wide ; conical, narrowing gradually to the crown, which is con-
siderably higher on one side than the other ; generally with ten ribs on
the sides. Skin, smooth, j^ellow, and strewed with a few russety dots.
Eye, small, set in a deep, plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep
round, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, very juicy,
and sweet.
A very good variety for culinary purposes ; but chiefly used as a cider
apple in Somersetshire, where it is much grown for that purpose.
328. SHEPHERD'S FAME.— Hort.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a
half high ; obtuse-ovate, broad and flattened at the base, narrowing
towards the eye, with five prominent ribs on the sides, and in every
respect, very much resembling a small specimen of Emperor Alexander.
Skin, smooth, pale straw-yellow, marked with faint broken patches of
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 183
crimson, on the shaded side ; but streaked with yellow and bright
crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with short, stunted
segments, placed in a deep, angular, and plaited basin. Stalk, short,
imbedded in a round, funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish, soft,
and tender, transparent, sweet, and briskly flavored, but rather dry.
An apple of very ordinary quality, in use from October to March.
329. SIBERIAN BITTER SWEET.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Down. Er. Ajner. 146.
Fruit, small, and nearly globular. Eye, small, with short connivent
segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright gold color,
tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. The fruit grows
a good deal in clusters, on slender wing branches.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1091.
This remarkable apple was raised by Mr. Knight from the seed
of the Yellow Siberian Crab, impregnated with the pollen of
the Golden Harvey. I cannot do better than transcribe from the
Transactions of the London Horticultural Society, Mr. Knight's own
account of this apple. "The fruit contains much saccharine matter,
with scarcely any perceptible acid ; and it in consequence affords a
cider, which is perfectly free from the harshness which in that liquid
offends the palate of many, and the constitution of more ; and I
believe that there is not any county in England in which it might
not be made to afford, at a moderate price, a very wholesome and
very palatable cider. This fruit differs from all others of its species
with which I am acquainted, in being always sweet, and without acidity,
even when it is more than half grown.
" When the juice is pressed from ripe, and somewhat mellow fruit,
it contains a very large portion of saccharine matter ; and if a part of
the water it contains be made to evaporate in a moderately low
temperature, it affords a large quantity of a jelly of intense sweetness,
which to my palate is extremely agreeable ; and which may be employed
for purposes similiar to those to which the inspissated juice of the
grape is applied in France. The jelly of the apple prepared in the
manner above described, is, I believe, capable of being kept unchanged
during a very long period in any climate ; the mucilage being preserved
by the antiseptic powers of the saccharine matter, and that being incapable
of acquiring, as sugar does, a state of crystallization. If the juice be
properly filtered, the jelly will be perfectly transparent."
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower ; a most abundant bearer,
and a perfect dreadnought to the woolly aphis.
330. SIBERIAN HARVEY.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 777.
Fruit, produced in clusters, small ; nearly globular. Eye, small, with
short connivent segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright
184 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
gold color, tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. Juice
very sweet. Ripe in October.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1091.
A cider apple raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and, along with the Foxley,
considered by him superior to any other varieties in cultivation. It
was produced from a seed of the Yellow Siberian Crab, fertilized with
the pollen of the Golden Harvey, the juice of this variety is most in-
tensely sweet, and is probably, very nearly what that of the Golden
Harvey would be in a southern climate, the original tree produced its
blossoms in the year 1807, when it first obtained the annual premium of
the Herefordshire Agricultural Society.
331. SIELY'S MIGNONNE.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 98.
Synonyjie.— Pride of the Ditches, ace. Lind. Guide.
Fruit, rather small, about one inch and three quarters deep, and the
same in diameter ; almost globular, but occasionally flattened on one
side. Eye, small, with a closed calyx, placed somewhat deeply in a
rather irregularly formed narrow basin, surrounded by a few small
plaits. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, about one half within the
base, in a narrow cavity, and occasionally pressed towards one side
by a protuberance on the opposite one. Skin, when clear, of a bright
yellow, but mostly covered with a grey netted russet, rendering the
skin scabrous. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and tender. Juice,
saccharine, highly aromatic, and of a most excellent flavor,
A dessert apple, in use from November to February.
This neat and very valuable little apple, was introduced to notice
about the beginning of the present century, by the late Mr. Andrew
Siely, of Norwich, who had it growing in his garden on the Castle
Ditches, and being a favorite Avith him he always called it the " Pride
of the Ditches." The tree is a weak grower and somewhat tender. It
is therefore advisable to graft it on the doucin stock, and train it
either as a dwarf or as an espalier in a garden. — Lindley.
332. SIR WILLIAM GIBBON'S.— Hort.
Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three
inches high ; calville-shaped, being roundish-oblate, with several promi-
nent angles, which extend from the base to the apex, where they
terminate in five or six large unequal knobs. Skin, deep yellow,
tinged with green, and strewed with minute russety dots on the shaded
side ; but deep crimson, streaked with dark red, on the side exposed to
the sun. Eye, open, with short ragged segments, set in a deep, wide,
and irregular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, juicy,
and slightly acid, with a pleasant vinous flavor.
A very showy and excellent culinary apple, in use from November to
January.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 185
333. SLEEPING BEAUTY.— H.
Synonymes. — Winter Sleeping Beauty. Sleeper.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and somewhat flattened, slightly
angular on the sides, and undulating round the eye ; in some specimens
there is an inclination to an ovate, or conical shape, in which case the
apex is narrow and even. Skin, pale straw-colored, smooth and
shining, occasionally washed on one side with delicate lively red, very
thinly sprinkled with minute russety dots. Eye, large, somewhat
resembling that of Trumpington, with broad, flat, and incurved seg-
ments, which dove-tail, as it were, to each other, and set in a shallow,
uneven, and plaited basin, Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long,
slightly fleshy, inserted in a narrow, round, and rather shallow cavity,
which is tinged with green, and lined with delicate pale brown russet.
Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, tender, and juicy, with a fine poignant
and agreeably acid flavor.
A most excellent, and very valuable apple for all culinary purposes ;
and particularly for sauce. It is in use from November till the end of
February.
The tree is a most excellent bearer, and succeeds well in almost
every situation.
This excellent apple bears such a close resemblance to Dumelow's
Seedling, that at first sight it may be taken for that variety ; from which
however, it is perfectly distinct, and may be distinguished by the want
of the characteristic russet dots on the fruit, and the spots on the young
wood of the tree. It is extensively cultivated in Lincolnshire, for the
supply of the Boston markets.
334. SMALL STALK.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches
high ; roundish, slightly angular on the sides, and knobbed at the apex.
Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with a tinge of orange on the side next the
sun, and thickly covered with redish brown dots. Eye, small, and
closed with long flat segments, and placed in an angular basin. Stalk,
about an inch long, slender, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity.
Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and well flavored.
A good apple for ordinary purposes, much grown about Lancaster.
It is in use during September and October.
335. SOMERSET LASTING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. See. Cat. ed. 2, n. 782.
FiGURK — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvii. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a
quarter high ; oblate, irregular on the sides, and with undulating ridges
round the eye. Skin, pale yellow, streaked, and dotted with a little
bright crimson, next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted
186 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
segments, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a
wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish,
tender, crisp, very juicy, with a poignant, and somewhat harsh flavor.
A culinary apple, in use from October to February.
336. SOPS IN WINE.— Park.
Identification. — Park. Par. 588. Eaii. Hist. ii. 1447.
Stnonymes. — Sops of Wine, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 874. Lind. Guide, 34.
Down. Fr. Amer. 77. Sapson, Ken. Amer. Or. 28. Sapsoiivine, ace. Kenrick.
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 4.
Fruit, rather above medium size, two inches and three quarters broad,
and the same in height ; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the
eye, and slightly ribbed on the sides. Skin, covered with a delicate
white bloom, which when rubbed off exhibits a smooth, shining, and
varnished rich deep chestnut, almost approaching to black, on the side
exposed to the sun ; but on the shaded side, it is of a light orange red,
and where very much shaded quite yellow, the whole strewed with
minute dots. Eye, small, half open, with long, broad, and reflexed
segments, placed in a round and slightly angular basin. Stalk, half-an-
inch long, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, red, as if
sopped in wine, tender, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.
A very ancient English culinary and cider apple ; but perhaps more
singular than useful. It is in use from October to February.
The tree is vigorous and spreading, very hardy, an excellent bearer,
and not subject to canker.
337. SPICE APPLE.— Diel.
Identification — Diel Kernobst. x. 34.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two and a
quarter high ; roundish, but narrov/ing towards the eye. Skin, deep
yellow, but marked with broad streaks of crimson on the side next the
sun. Eye, open, with long, broad, reflexed, downy segments, set in a
narrow, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, brisk, and
perfumed.
A good second-rate dessert apple, in use from November to February.
This is not the Spice Apple of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue,
but one which was cultivated by Kirke, of Brompton, under that name,
and so described by Diel. — See Aromatic Russet.
338. SPITZEMBERG.— Booth Cat.
Identification and Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 5.
Stnonyme. — Pomegranate Pippin, ace . Eon. Pyr. Mai.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two inches
high ; roundish, flattened at the base, and narrowing a little towards the
eye. Skin, deep yellow, with an orange tinge on the side exposed to
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 187
the sun, and strewed with large stelloid russety specks. Eye, partially
open, with long, broad, and erect segments, set in a narrow and shallow
basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a small narrow cavity. Flesh,
tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored.
An apple of second-rate quality, in use from November to Christmas.
This is the Spitzemberg of the German nurseries.
339. SPRINGROVE CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Ti'ans. vol. i. p. 197. t. 11. Lind. Guide, 7. Rog. Fr.
Cult. 65.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 4. Hort. Trans.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide at the base, and two
inches and three quarters high ; conical, and slightly angular on the
sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, tinged with orange on the side ex-
posed to the sun. Eye, closed, with broad segments, and set in a
narrow, plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep cavity.
Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, sugary, brisk, and slightly
perfumed.
A first-rate culinary apple. It may be used for tarts, as soon as the
fruit are the size of a walnut, and continues in use up to the beginning
of October. It received the name of Springrove Codlin, from being
first introduced by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., who resided at Springrove,
near Hounslow, Middlesex.
340. SQUIRE'S GREENING.— H.
Fruit, about medium size ; roundish and flattened, irregular in its
outline, having sometimes very prominent, unequal, and obtuse angles,
on the sides, which terminate in undulations round the eye. Skin, of a
fine clear grass-green color, which it retains till the spring, covered with
dull brownish-red where exposed to the sun, thinly strewed all over
with minute dots. Eye, small and closed, inserted in a narrow, irregular,
and plaited basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a round, narrow,
and deep cavity, which is lined with rough scaly russet. Flesh,
yellowish-white, firm and crisp, with a brisk, somewhat sugary and
pleasant flavor.
A good culinary apple, and useful also as a dessert variety. It is in
use from Christmas till x\pril or May.
This variety was raised on the property of Mrs. Squires, of Nigtoft,
near Sleaford.
341. STEAD'S KERNEL.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 25. Lind. Guide, 112.
Fruit, a little turbinate, or top-shaped, somewhat resembling a quince.
Eye, small, flat, with a short truncate or covered calyx. Stalk, short.
Skin, yellow, a little reticulated with a slight greyish russet, and a few
small specks intermixed.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1074.
188
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
As a cider apple, this appears to possess great merit, combining a
slight degree of astringency, with much sweetness. It ripens in October,
and is also a good culinary apple during its season. It was raised from
seed by Daniel Stead, Esq., Brierly, near Leominster, Herefordshire. —
Knight Sf Lindley.
342. STIRZAKER'S EARLY SQUARE.— H.
Fruit, below medium size ; roundish, with prominent ribs which run
into the eye, forming sharp ridges at the crown. Skin, of an uniform
pale yellow, freckled and mottled, with very thin dingy brown russet
on the shaded side, and, completely covered with the same on the
side next the sun. Eye, small, half open, set in an irregular and
angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep cavity. Flesh,
white, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.
An early apple, grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster. It is ripe
in August, and continues in use during September.
343. STRIPED BEEFING.— H.
Stnonymes. — Striped Beaufin. Lind. Guide, 57.
Fruit, of the largest size; beautiful and handsome, roundish, and
somewhat depressed. Skin, bright lively green, almost entirely covered
with broken streaks, and patches of fine deep red, and thickly strewed
with russety dots ; in some specimens the color extends almost entirely
round the fruit. Eye,^like that of the Blenheim Pippin, large and open,
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 189
with short erect ragged segments, set in a deep, irregular, and angular
basin. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid.
One of the handsomest and best culinary apples in cultivation ; for
baking it is unrivalled. It is in use from October till May.
The tree is very hardy, and an excellent bearer.
This noble apple was introduced by Mr. George Lindley, who found
it growing in 1794, in the garden of William Crowe, Esq., at Lakenham
near Norwich. He measured a specimen of the fruit, and found it
twelve inches and a half in circumference, and weighing twelve ounces
and a half, avoirdupoise. It does not seem ever to have been in general
cultivation, as it is not mentioned in any of the nursery catalogues ;
nor is it enumerated in that of the London Horticultural Society.
Through the kindness of George JefFeries, Esq., of Marlborough Terrace,
Kensington, who procured it from his residence in Norfolk, I had the
good fortune in 1847, to obtain grafts, which when propagated, I
distributed through several of the principal nurseries of the country,
and by this means I trust, it will become more generally known, and
universally cultivated.
344. STRIPED MONSTROUS REINETTE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 37. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxvi. f. 1.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half broad, and three inches high ;
roundish, and a little flattened, irregular in its outline, having promi-
nent angles on the sides, which extend from the base to the apex.
Skin, smooth, of a deep yellow-ground color, which is almost entirely
covered with pale red, and streaked with broad stripes of dark crimson.
Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, set in a narrow, angular
basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, deeply inserted in a round, and
russety cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple of second-rate quality. It is in use during Novem-
ber and December.
345. STURMER PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 808. Down, Fr. Amer, 135. Gard.
Chron. 1-847, 135.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, by one
inch and three quarters high ; roundish, and somewhat flattened, and
narrowing towards the apex, a good deal resembling the old Non-
pariel. Skin, of a lively green color, changing to yellowish-green, as
it attains maturity, and almost entirely covered with brown russet,
with a tinge of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small, and
closed, set in a shallow, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, three
quarters of an inch long, straight, inserted in a round, even, and
russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, very juicy, with a brisk and
rich sugary flavor.
This is perhaps the most valuable dessert apple of its season, it is
of first-rate excellence ; and exceedingly desirable both on account of
190
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
its delicious flavor, and arriving at perfection, at a period when the
other favorite varieties are
past. It is not fit for use
till the Ribstou Pippin is
nearly gone, and continues
long after the Nonpariel.
The period of its perfection
may be fixed from February
to June.
The Sturmer Pippin, was
raised by Mr. Dillistone, a
nurseryman at Sturmer,
near Haverhill, in Suffolk,
and was obtained by im-
pregnating the Ribston
Pippin, with the pollen of
the Nonpareil.
The tree is hardy and an
excellent bearer, and attains about the middle size.
346. SUGAR AND BRANDY.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad at the
bulge, and the same in height ; conical, and angular, with a very
prominent rib on one side, forming a high ridge at the apex, terminated
at the apex, by a number of knobs which are the contiuuations of the
costal angles. Skin, deep dull yellow, freckled with pale red on the
shaded side, the remaining portion entirely covered with bright orange-
red. Eye, small and closed, set in a deep and furrowed basin. Stalk,
very short, inserted in a round and shallow cavity, which is lined with
rough russet. Flesh, deep yellow, spongy, juicy, very sweet, so much
so, as to be sickly.
An apple grown about Lancashire, in use during the end of August
and September.
347. SUGAR-LOAF PIPPIN.— Hort.
InENTTFrcATioN. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 811. Lind. Guide, 10. Down. Fr.
Amer. 76.
Stnonymes. — Hutching's Seedling, ace. Pom. Mag. Dolgoi Squoznoi, in Russia,
ace. Pom. Mag.
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 3.
Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and
three inches high ; oblong. Skin, clear pale yellow, becoming nearly
white, when fully ripe. Eye, set in a rather deep and plaited basin.
Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep and regular cavity. Flesh, white,
firm, crisp, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
An excellent early culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in the
beginning of August, but in a few days becomes mealy.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 191
This variety was introduced from St. Petersburg, by the London
Horticultural Society.
348. SUMMER BROAD-END.— H.
SvNONVMES. — &ummer Broadend, Lind. Guide, 24. Summer Colman, Lind. Plan.
Or. 1796.
Fruit, above the middle size, about two inches and three quarters in
diameter, and two inches and a quarter deep ; slightly angular on the
sides. Eye, small, with a closed calyx, in a rather narrow basin,
surrounded by some angular plaits. Stalk, short, slender, deeply
inserted, not protruding beyond the base. Skin, dull yellowish-green,
tinged on the sunny side, with pale dull brown. Flesh, greenish-white,
not crisp. Juice, sub-acid, with a pretty good flavor.
A culinary apple in use in October and November. This is an useful
Norfolk apple, and known in the markets by the above name. The
trees are rather small growers, but great bearers. — Lindley.
I have never seen the Summer Broad-End, and have therefore here
introduced the description of Mi-. Lindley, for the benefit of those
under whose observation it may fall.
349. SUMMER GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 290. Lind. Guide, 7. Down. Fr.
Amer, 77. Rog. Er. Cult. 78.
SvNONYMES. — Summer Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. White Summer Pippin,
Ron. Pyr. Mai. 11.
FiGUitES, — Pom. Mag. t. 50. Eon. Pyr, Mai, pi. vi. f. 4.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad at the base,
and two inches and a quarter
high ; ovate, flattened at the
ends. Skin, smooth and
shining, pale yellow, on the
shaded side ; but tinged
with orange and brownish-
red on the side next the sun,
and strewed over with
minute russety dots. Eye,
open, set in a wide, shallow,
and slightly plaited basin.
Stalk, thick, a quarter of an
inch long, completely im-
bedded in a moderately deep
cavity, which is lined with
russet. Flesh, yellowish,
firm, very juicy, with a rich,
vinous, and sugary flavor.
This is one of the most delicious summer apples, and ought to form
one of every collection, however small. It is ripe in the end of August,
and keeps about a fortnight.
193 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC.,
The tree is a small grower, and attains about the third size. It is
an early and abundant bearer, and succeeds well when grafted on the
doucin or paradise stock. When grown on the pomme paradis of
the French, it forms a beautiful little tree, which can be successfully
cultivated in pots.
350. SUMMER PE ARM A IN.— Park.
Identification. — Park. Par. 587. Aust. Or. 54. Raii. Hist. ii. 1447. Mill. Diet.
Fors. Treat, ed. 7, 126. Lind. Guide, 34. Rog. Fr. Cult, 72.
Stnontmbs. — Autumn Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 531. American
Pearmain, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Gestreifte Sommerparmane. Drue Summer
Pearmain. Diel Kernobst. vi. 129.
FiGCRES.— Pom. Mag., t. 116. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxii. f. 1.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide at the
base, and the same high ; conical, or abrupt pearmain-shaped, round at
the base, and tapering towards the apex. Skin, yellow, streaked all
over with large patches, and broken streaks of red, mixed with silvery
russet, strewed with numerous russety dots, and covered with large
patches of rough russet on the base. Eye, closed, half open, with long
acuminate segments, placed in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, obliquely inserted under a fleshy protuberance
on one side of it, which is a permanent and distinguishing character of
this apple. Flesh, deep yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, richly, and highly
perfumed.
An excellent apple, long cultivated, and generally regarded as one
of the popular varieties of this country, it is suitable either for culinary
purposes, or the dessert, and is in use during September and October.
The tree is a good grower, and healthy ; of an upright habit of growth,
and forms a fine standard tree of the largest size. It succeeds well
grafted on the paradise stock, when it forms handsome espaliers, and
open dwarfs.
This is what in many nurseries is cultivated as the Royal Pearmain,
but erroneously. It is one of the oldest English varieties, being
mentioned by Parkinson, in 1629.
351. SUMMER STRAWBERRY.
Fruit, rather below medium size, two and a half inches broad, and
an inch and three quarters high ; oblate, even and regularly formed.
Skin, smooth and shining, striped all over with yellow, and blood-red
stripes, except on any portion that is shaded, and there it is red. Eye,
prominent, not at all depressed, closed with long flat segments, and
surrounded with prominent plaits. Stalk, three quarters of an inch
long, inserted in a round, narrow cavity, which is lined with russet.
Flesh, white, tinged with yellow, soft, tender, juicy, brisk and pleasantly
flavored.
A dessert apple, ripe in September, but when kept long becomes dry
and mealy. It is mvich cultivated in all the Lancashire and northern
orchards of England.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 193
352. SURREY FLAT-CAP.— H.
Fruit, above medium size, tliree inches wide, and two inches and a
quarter high; oblate, even and reguLarly formed. Skin, of a pale
bluish-green, or verdigris color, changing as it ripens to a yellowish
tinge, and marked with dots and flakes of rough veiny russet, on the
shaded side ; but deep red, which is almost obscured with rough
veiny russet on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with broad seg-
ments, reflexed at the tips, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh,
yellow, firm, not very juicy, but rich and sugary.
A very excellent dessert apple, remarkable for its singular color,
but is rather void of acidity. It is in use from October to January.
353. SWEENY NONPAREIL.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. 526. Lind. Guide, 99. Hort. Soc. Cat.
ed. 3, n. 484.
Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters broad, and
two inches high ; very similar in form to the old Nonpariel. Skin, of
a fine lively green color, which is glossy and shining, but almost entirely
covered with patches, and reticulations of thick greyish-brown russet,
which in some parts is rough and cracked ; sometimes tinged with brown
where exposed to the sun. Eye, very small, half open, with short, flat,
ovate segments, and set in a small, narrow, and rather shallow basin.
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather shallow and
russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, sugary, and with a
very powerful yet pleasant sub-acid flavor.
An excellent culinary apple admirably adapted for sauce ; but too
acid for the dessert. It is in use from January to April.
The tree is a vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
This variety was raised in 1807, by Thomas Netherton Parker, Esq.,
of Sweeny, in Shropshire, and twenty specimens of the fruit, were
exhibited at the London Horticultural Society, in 1820, the aggregate
weight of which, was seven pounds thirteen ounces.
354. SYKE HOUSE RUSSET.— Hooker.
Identification. — Hook. Pom. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 752. Lind.
Guide, 100. Fors. Treat. 126. Rog. Fr. Cult. 106.
Stnonymes. — Sykehouse, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Englische Spitalsreinette, Diet
Kernobst. x. 139.
Figures. — Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 40. Pom. Mag. t. 81. Eon. Pyr.Mal, pi. xxxviii.
f. 1.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, by one
inch and three quarto's high ; roundish-oblate. Skin, yellowish-green,
but entirely covered with brown russet, strewed with silvery grey scales ;
sometimes it has a brownish tinge on the side which is exposed to the
sun. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch
O
194
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and
juicy, with a rich, sugary, and very high flavor.
One of the most excellent
dessert apples ; it is in use
from October to February.
The tree is a free grower,
hardy,and an excellent bearer;
it attains about the middle
size, and is well adapted for
growing as an espalier, when
grafted on the paradise stock.
This variety originated at
the village of Syke House, in
Yorkshire, whence its name.
Diel's nomenclature of the
Syke House Russet, affords a
good example of the trans-
formations the names of fruits are subject to, when translated from one
language to another ; he writes it Englische Spitalsreinette, which he
translates Sik-House Apple, because as he supposed it received this
appellation, either from the briskness of its flavor being agreeable to
invalids, or from its having originated in the garden of an hospital,
He says he finds it only in Kirke's Fruit Tree Catalogue, where it is
erroneously printed Syke-House !
355. TARVEY CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. vii. p. 383. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 167.
Lind. Guide, 83.
Fruit, large and conical. Skin, dull olive-green, with an imperfect
mixture of yellow on the shaded side, and yellowish-red, much spotted
with broken rows of large blood-red dots, next the sun. Flesh, white
and juicy, somewhat resembling the English Codlin.
A good culinary apple for a northern climate, in use during November
and December.
This variety was raised from seed of the Manks Codlin, impregnated
with the Nonpariel, by Sir. G. S. Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, in Rosshire.
356. TAUNTON GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 18.
Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 21.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the
same in height ; oblato-cylindrical, regularly and handsomely shaped.
Skin, deep rich yellow, strewed with markings anti freckles of russet on
the shaded side, but covered with a cloud of red, which is marked with
deeper red streaks, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, set in a wide,
rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow, and
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 195
rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and delicate, with a
brisk, sugary, aud particularly ricli vinous flavor.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to
March.
The tree is hardy, healthy, and an abundant bearer, attaining about
the middle size. It is well adapted for growing on the paradise stock.
357. TEN SHILLINGS— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat ed. 3, n, 824.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two inches
high ; roundish-oblate, with obtuse angles on the sides. Skin, greenish-
yellow, almost entirely covered with pale brown russet ; but with orange,
streaked with red, on the side next the sun. Eye, large, with long
narrow segments, which are not convergent, set in an angular basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh,
yellowish-white, tender, sweet, and slightly acid.
A second-rate dessert apple ; ripe in November.
358. TENTERDEN PARK.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 825.
Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad, by two
inches high ; roundish, inclining to ovate. Skin, smooth and glossy, as
if varnished, yellowish-green where shaded, and entirely covered with
deep red, which is marked with streaks of still deeper red, where exposed
to the sun. Eye, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, set in
a rather shallow, round, and saucer-like basin. Stalk, very short,
inserted in a round and shallow cavity, which is slightly marked with
russet. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, brisk, and juicy, but with
no particular richness of flavor.
A second-rate dessert apple, of neat and handsome appearance ; in
use from October to February.
359. TEUCHAT'S EGG.— Gibs.
Identification. — Gibs. Fr. Gard. 351.
Synonymes. — Chucket Egg, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 10. Summer Teuchat
Egg, Leslie Sf Anders. Cat.
Fruit, below medium size, varying in shape from ovate to conical, and
irregularly ribbed on the sides. Skin, pale yellow, washed with pale
red, and streaked with deep and lively red. Eye, partially closed, with
long, broad segments, placed in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk,
very short, imbedded in a close shallow cavity, with a fleshy protuberance
on one side of it, and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, tender,
juicy, and pleasantly flavored.
A second-rate dessert apple, peculiar to the Scotch orchards of
Clydesdale and Ayrshire ; ripe in September.
Teuchat signifies, the Pee-wit or Lapwing.
o 2
196
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
360. TOREK'S INCOMPARABLE.
Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters broad, and two
inches and three quarters high, in shape, very much resembling the
Gooseberry Apple ; ovate, broad and flattened at the base, and with five
prominent ribs on the sides which render it distinctly five-sided. Skin,
smooth and shining, of a beautiful dark green, which assumes a yellowish
tinge as it ripens ; and with a slight trace of red, marked with a few
crimson streaks, where exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and nearly
closed, with broad flat segments, set in a saucer-like basin, which is
surrounded with knobs, formed by the termination of the ribs. Stalk,
a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with
a little rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, and
marrow-like, with a brisk and pleasant acid.
A first-rate culinary apple, grown in the Kentish orchards, about
Sittingbourne and Faversham ; in use from November to Christmas.
361. TOWER OF GLAMMIS.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 835. Leslie & Anders. Cat. 43. Caled
Hort. Soc. Mem. vol. iv. 474.
Stnonymes. — Glammis Castle, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Late Carse of Gowrie, Ibid.
Carse of Gowrie, Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem, vol. i. 325. The Gowrie, in Clydesdale
Orchards.
Fruit, large ; conical, and distinctly four-sided, with four prominent
angles, extending from the base to the apex, where they terminate in
four corresponding ridges. Skin, deep sulphur-yellow, tinged in some
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 197
spots with green, and thinly strewed with brown russety dots. Eye,
closed, with broad ragged segments, set in a deep and angular basin.
Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, and only
just protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish-white, very juicy,
crisp, brisk, and perfumed.
A first-rate culinary apple, peculiar to the orchards of Clydesdale,
and the Carse of Gowrie ; it is in use from November to February.
The tree is an excellent bearer.
362. TRANSPARENT CODLIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 35. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 169.
Fruit, large and conical. Skin, smooth, clear yellow, tinged with pale
crimson, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with
short segments, placed in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short and
slender, inserted in a deep, round, and wide cavity. Flesh, tender,
almost transparent, juicy, sugary, and well flavored.
A culinary apple, in use from September to November.
363. TRUMPETER.— H.
Synontmb. — Treadle-Hole, in Lancaster.
Fruit, large, two inches and three quarters wide, and three inches
high ; oblong, irregularly shaped, angular on the sides, and prominently
ribbed round the eye. Skin, pale green, with a tinge of yellow on the
side exposed to the sun. Eye, small, closed, and set in a deep and
angular basin, surrounded with four or five prominent knobs. Stalk,
about five-eights of an inch long, slender for the size of the fruit, and
inserted in a deep irregular cavity, which is lined with rough cracked
russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, very juicy, and sweet, with a brisk
and pleasant sub-acid flavor.
A very excellent apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes,
much esteemed in the orchards about Lancaster ; it is in use from
October to January.
364. TRUMPINGTON.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.
Synonymes. — Delware, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 75. Eve, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxviii. f. 2.
Fruit, small, two inches and three-eights wide, and one inch and
five-eights high ; oblate, even and handsomely shaped. Skin, of a fine
deep golden-yellow, tinged and mottled with pale red on the shaded side ;
but of a fine bright red, which extends over the greater part, where
exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, with broad, flat, ovate
segments, set in a wide and somewhat undulating basin. Stalk, a
quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide, and deep cavity, which is
tinged with green, and lined with russet. Flesh, white, firm, and
pleasantly flavored.
198 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
A pretty dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in nse from September
to Christmas.
365. TULIP.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 841.
SvNONYMES. — Tulp, acc. Hort. Soc. Cat. Tulpen, Ibid. Dutch Tulip, Ron. Cat.
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half at the widest
part, and two inches and a half high ; ovato-conical, regularly and
handsomely shaped, ridged round the eye. Skin, fine deep purple,
extending over the whole surface of the fruit, except on any part which
may be shaded, and then it is yellow. Eye, open, with short, ovate
segments, set in a furrowed and plaited basin. Stalk, about half-an-
inch long, straight and slender, inserted in a deep, and rather angular
cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and slightly sub-
acid.
A beautiful and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate
quality ; in use from November to April.
366. TURK'S CAR— Hort.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, by two inches and a half
high ; roundish, and very much flattened, or oblate ; irregularly and
prominently ribbed. Skin, smooth, fine deep golden-yellow, covered
with grey dots, and a few ramifications of russet, and with a brownish-
red tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, placed in a
deep, wide, and angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in
an angular cavity, which is lined with thick scaly russet, extending over
the margin. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant sub-
acid, but slightly astringent flavor.
An excellent apple for culinary purposes, and also for the manufacture
of cider ; it is in use from November to Christmas.
367. UELLNER'S GOLD REINETTE.— Diel.
Identification. — Diel. Kernobst. ii. B. 122. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n. 696.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, and two
inches and an eighth high ; oval. Skin, of a fine clear lemon-yellow,
sprinkled with a little russet on the shaded side ; but entirely covered on
the side next the sun, with beautiful vermilion, which is strewed with
cinnamon-colored russet. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a rather
wide, round, even, and moderately deep basin. Stalk, slender, half-an-
inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh,
yellowish-white, firm, very juicy, rich and sugary, and with a fine
aromatic flavor.
A most delicious dessert apple, of the very first quality ; " small, but
handsome and rich." It is in use from January till May.
The tree is a free and excellent grower, and a great bearer.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 199
368. VALE MASCAL PEARMAIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 561.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, by two inches high ;
ovate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, greenish-yellow on the
shaded side ; but bright red next the sun, and covered with
spots of russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a
round, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an-inch long, inserted in
a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, sugary, and richly
flavored.
369. VEINY PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three
quarters high ; roundish-oblate. Skin, greenish-yellow, covered with
veins, and reticulations of russet. Eye, open, set in a round and deep
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, and slightly russety cavity.
Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, but wanting both sugar and acidity.
An indifferent and worthless apple, in use from December to
February.
The tree is a great bearer.
370. VIOLETTE.— Duh.
Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 284. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 121. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 849.
Synonymes. — Grosse Pomme Noire d'Amerique, Cal. Traite. iii. 44. Violette
de Quatres Gouts, Cours. Comp. cVAgric. xii. 220. Violet Apple, West. Bot.
iv. 39. Red Calville, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. but erroneously. Black
Apple, ace. Ron. Pyr. Mai.
FiGUEE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xx. f. 2.
Fruit, above medium size ; roundish-ovate, or conical, even and
regularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, covered with a fine violet-
colored bloom, and yellow, striped with red, on the shaded side ; but of
a dark red, approaching to black, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye,
closed, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of
an inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-
white, tinged with red under the skin, which is filled with red juice,
leaving a stain on the knife with which it is cut ; firm, juicy, and sugary,
with a vinous and pleasant flavor.
A culinary apple of good, but not first-rate quality ; in use from
October to March.
Duhamel, and following him, almost all the French writers on
pomology, attribute the name of this apple to the perfume of violets
being found in the flavor of the fruit ; a peculiarity I could never detect.
It is more probable it originated from the fruit being covered with a
beautiful blue violet bloom, a characteristic w^hich was observed by
Rivinius and Moulin, a hundred and fifty years ago.
2O0 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
371. WADHURST PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, p. 44.
Fruit, above medium size, sometimes very large, but generally
averaging three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high ;
conical, or pearmain-shaped, and angular on the sides. Skin, yellow, tinged
with green on the shaded side ; and more or less mottled with brownish-
red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with minute grey dots.
Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Staik, a quarter of
an inch long, stout, placed in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp,
juicy, and briskly flavored.
A culinary apple of excellent quality ; in use from October to
February. It originated at Wadhurst in Sussex.
372. WALTHAM ABBEY SEEDLING.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 853.
Lind. Guide, 24.
Fruit, large ; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, assuming a deeper tinge
as it attains maturity, with a faint blush of red where exposed to the
sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, large and
open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted,
and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy,
sweet, and pleasantly flavored, and when cooked assumes a clear pale
amber.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from September to
Christmas.
This apple was raised about the year 1810, by Mr. John Barnard, of
Waltham Abbey, in Essex, and was introduced by him at a meeting of
the London Horticultural Society, in 182L
373. WANSTALL.— H.
Stnonyme. — Green-street Apple.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and
a quarter high ; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the eye, with
five prominent angles on the sides, which terminate in ridges round the
apex, rendering the shape distinctly five-sided. Skin, deep golden-
yellow on the shaded side ; but red, which is striped and mottled with
darker red, on the side next the sun ; marked with patches and veins of
thin grey russet, and strewed all over with russety dots. Eye, half
open, with broad, flat segments, set in an angular and plaited basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, deepl}' inserted in a round cavity. Flesh,
yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and highly flavored.
A dessert apple of the very first quality ; equal in flavor to the
Ribston Pippin, and will keep till May and June.
This variety was raised at Green-street, near Sittingbourne, in Kent,
by a tailor of the name of Wanstall, about 40 years ago.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 201
374. WARNER'S KING.— M.
Identification and Figure. — Maund. Fruit, idI. 59.
Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a half high ;
ovate. Skin, of an uniform clear deep yellow, strewed with russety dots
and patches of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, with long
acuminate segments, and set in a narrow, deep, and slightly angular
basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round,
funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with thin yellowish-brown russet.
Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sub-acid
flavor.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to
March.
The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer ; very hardy,
and not subject to disease.
375. WATSON'S DUMPLING.— Hort.
Identification. — Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 856. Down. Fr. Amer. 142.
Fruit, large ; roundish, and regularly formed. Skin, smooth, yellowish-
green, and striped with dull red. Eye, large, not deeply sunk. Stalk,
short, inserted in a round, and rather deep cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy,
and sugary, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to
February.
376. WEST GRINSTEAD PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 858.
Synonyme & Figure. — East Grins; ead, lion. Pyr. Mai. 53, pi. xxvii. f. I.
Fruit, medium sized ; two inches and three quarters broad, by two
inches and a half high ; roundish, and slightly ribbed about the eye.
Skin, light green, striped and mottled with light red on the side next
the sun ; and strewed all over with greyish-white dots, on the
exposed, and brown dots on the shaded side. Eye, open, set in a plaited
basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity.
Flesh, greenish-white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly acid.
A good second-rate apple for the dessert : in use from November to
April, and keeps well without shrivelling.
377. WHEELER'S RUSSET.— Langley.
Identification. — Lang. Pom. 134. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 129. Lind. Guide,
100. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 753. Diel Kernobst. xi. 109. Hog. Fr. Cult. 107.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish-oblate, and somewhat irregular
in its outline. Skin, entirely covered with pale yellowish-grey russet ;
with redish-brown where exposed to the sun, strewed with russety
202 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
freckles. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, set in a wide, and
undulated basin. Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long, inserted
in a round, narrow, and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, juicy,
brisk, and sugary, with a rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor.
A valuable, and highly flavored dessert apple of the first quality ; it
is in use from November to April ; and as Mr. Lindley says, when
ripened, and begins to shrivel, it is one of the best russets of its season.
The tree is a free grower, healthy, and hardy, but does not attain
above the middle size. It is generally a good bearer, and succeeds well
in almost any soil, provided it be not too moist.
This apple was raised by James Wheeler, the founder of the Gloucester
nursery, now in the occupation of his grandson, Mr. J. Cheslin Wheeler.
He was an intelligent and assiduous man in his profession, and published
in 1763, "The Botanist's and Gardener's New Dictionary." He died
about the beginning of the present century, having attained over ninety
years of age.
378. WHEELER'S EXTREME.— Forsyth.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 129.
Fruit, small, nearly two inches wide, and one inch and a quarter high ;
oblate, much resembling the Api in shape. Skin, pale greenish-yellow,
considerably marked with russet, particular!}^ round the eye ; and covered
with fine clear red, which is mottled with deeper red, on the side next
the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, very
short, inserted in a small, shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp,
tender, sweet, and delicately perfumed.
A pretty little dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; it is in use
from November to February.
This, as v«ell as the preceding, was raised by James Wheeler, of
Gloucester. The original tree is still existing in the nursery of his
grandson, to whom I am much indebted for several pomological favors.
The name of " Extreme," is supposed to have been applied to this
variety, from the circumstance of producing its fruit on the extremities
of the last year's shoots.
379. WHITE ASTRACHAN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 18. Lind. Guide, 7. Down. Fr.
Ainer, 78.
Synontmes. — Pyrus Astracanica, Dec. Prod. ii. 635. Pomme d'Astraclian, Schab.
Prat. ii. 90. Pomme de Glace, Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 307. Transparent Apple,
Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 128. Russian Transparent, i?o/?. Pyr. 71/a/. 75. Eussian
Ice Apple, Will. Dom. Encyc. iv. p. 179. Muscovite Transparent Apple, West.
Dot. iv. 141. Glace de Ze'lande, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 366. Astracanischer
Sommerapfel, Did. Kernobst, vi. 77.
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 8, & pi. xxxviii. f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and nearly the same
in height ; roundish-ovate, or rather conical, flattened at the base,
with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend and become more promi-
nent and rib-like round the eye. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, with a few
THE APPLE. ITS VAKTETIES.
203
faint streaks of red next the sun, and covered witli a dcHcate white
bloom. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, thick and
short, inserted in a small and very shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white,
semi-transparent, with somewhat gelatinous-like blotches, tender, juicy,
with a pleasant and refreshing flavor.
A dessert apple but not of first-rate quality ; ripe in August, and the
early part of September.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.
The Transparent Apple of Rogers, and the Muscovy Apple of
Mortimer, cannot be identical with this variety, for they are described
by both as winter apples ; may they not be the Russischer Glasapfel, or
Astracanischer Winterapjel of Diel ?
Respecting this apple,
a correspondent in the
Gardener's Chronicle,
for 1845, has the follow-
ing remark, " When at
Reval many years ago,
I made particular in-
quiries as to the mode
of cultivation of the
Transparent Apple ; I
learned that the soil of
the apple orchards there,
is almost a pure sand,
but that it is customary to
add to it so much stable
manure, that half the
bulk of ground may be
said to consist of manure.
The friend with whom
I was staying, had some
of these apples at
dessert ; they were transparent, not in blotches, but throughout, so that
held to the light, the pips may be seen from every part ; these apples
were juicy as a peach, about the size of a large one, and of a very
agrreeable flavor and texture."
380. WHITE PARADISE.— -Hort.
Identification,— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 520.
Synonymes. — Lady's Finger, Hort. Soc. Cat. eel. 1. 533. Long May, Ibid. 563.
May, ace. Ibid. Egg, Ron. Cat. Eve, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 4. Paradise Pipi^in,
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 5.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches
high ; oblong, broader at the base than the apex. Skin, smooth, thick
and tough, of a fine rich yellow, thinly and faintly freckled with red on
the shaded side, but covered with broken streaks and dots of darker red,
interspersed with dark brown russety dots, on the side exposed to the
sun. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, fleshy at
204 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC.
the insertion, and inserted in an even, round, cavity. Flesh, yellowish,
tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.
A second-rate, but beautiful and handsome dessert apple ; in perfec-
tion the beginning of October, but towards the end of the month,
becomes dry and mealy. It is, I believe, a Scotch apple, and much
grown in some districts, particularly in Clydesdale, where it is known
by the name of Egg Apple, and where the fruit lasts longer, than when
grown in the warmer climate of the South,
The Lady's Finger of Dittrich, vol. i. p. 505, is a flat apple of a Calville
shape, and must be incorrect.
381. WHITE VIRGIN.— H.
Synonyme. — Scotch Virgin.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches high ; oblate. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellow, on the
shaded size ; but thin orange red, streaked with deep red, on the side
next the sun, and strewed with dark dots and a few veins of russet.
Eye, large and closed, with broad ovate segments, set in a wide, shallow,
and plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a narrow,
and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly
acid.
An excellent culinary apple ; in use from October to February.
382. WHITE WESTLING.— H.
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half broad at the
middle, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, inclining to oval,
towards the eye ; angular on the sides, and ribbed round the apex. Skin,
yellow, tinged with green, and strewed with redish-brown dots on the
shaded side ; but deep yellow, with large dark-crimson spots, on the side
next the sun, and covered with russet over the base. Eye, small and
closed, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
very slender, inserted in a deep, narrow, and russety cavity. Flesh,
white, tender, sweet, and briskly flavored.
An apple of hardly second-rate quality, grown about the north-eastern
parts of Sussex ; it is in use from October to Christmas.
383. WHITE WINE.— H.
Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad in the middle,
and two inches and a half high ; narrowing towards the apex, conical,
slightly angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye. Skin, greenish-
yellow, strewed with russety dots on the shaded side ; but deep yellow,
reticulated with fine russet, and dotted with small russety specks on the
side exposed to the sun, and with a ray of hne lilac-purple on the base
encircling the stalk. Eye, open, with long acute segments, set in a deep
and ribbed basin. Stalk, five-eights of an inch long, downy, thick and
fleshy, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with delicate russet.
Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and pleasantly acid.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 205
A culinary apple much grown in the Tweedside orchards, where it is
known by the name of the (Fine Apple ; it is in use from October to
Christmas.
384. WHITMORE PIPPIN.— Forsyth.
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 861. Lind.
Guide, 84.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the base,
and the same in height, but narrowing towards the apex ; conical, and
obtusely angled on the sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the shade ;
but with a beautiful red cheek next the sun, and very sparingly strewed
with a few minute dots. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and shallow basin.
Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, round, and even
cavity. Flesh, white, tinged with green, tender, juicy, sub-acid, and
slightly sweet.
A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from November to
April.
385. WHORLE PIPPIN.— H.
Synontmes. — Summer Thorle, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 830. Watson's New
Nonesuch, ace. Ibid. Thorle Pippin, Leslie Sf Anders, Cat. Thoral Pippin,
ace. Ron. Pyr. Mai.
FiGTiRE. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 3.
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the
middle, and an inch and three quarters high ; oblate, handsome, and
regularly formed. Skin, smooth, shining, and glossy, almost entirely
covered with fine bright crimson, which is marked with broken streaks
of darker crimson ; but on any portion which is shaded, it is of a fine
clear yellow, a little streaked with pale crimson. Eye, scarcely at all
depressed, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, which frequently
appear as if rent from each other by an over-swelling of the fruit ; and
set in a very shallow basin, which is often very russety, and deeply and
coarsely cracked. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide
cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk,
refreshing, and pleasant flavor.
A beautiful little summer dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; ripe in
August. In the south it is but little known, but in Scotland it is to be
met with in almost every garden and orchard.
In all probability the word Thorle is a corruption of Whorle, which
is no doubt the correct name of this apple. The name is supposed to
be derived from its resemblance to the lohorle, which was the propell-
ing power, or rather impetus of the spindle, when the distaflP and spindle
was so much in use.
386. WICKHAM'S PEARMAIN.— H.
Synontmes. — Wick Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 31.
Fruit, small, two inches wide, and about two inches high ; pearmain-
shaped, and quite flat at the base. Skin, yellow, tinged and dotted with
006 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
red on the shaded side ; but bright red on the side next the sun, and
marked with patches and specks of russet round the eye. Eye, large
and open, with long acuminate segments, reflexed, and set in a round,
even, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, fleshy, inserted with-
out any depression. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary,
and highly flavored.
An excellent dessert apple ; in use from October to December. It
was raised by a Mr. Wickham, of Wick, near Winchester. In the
catalogue of the London Horticultural Society, it is called " Wick
Pearmain," but as the name I have adopted is that by which it is best
known in Hampshire, I prefer retaining it.
387. WINTER CODLIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 170.
Fruit, very large, three inches and an eighth wide at the middle, and
three inches and a half high ; conical, generally flve-sided, with prom-
inent ribs on the sides, which extend to the apex, forming considerable
ridges round the eye. Skin, smooth, yellowish-green, and marked with
dark dots. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and very angular basin.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, smooth, and angular cavity.
Flesh, greenish- white, tender, juicy, sweet, and sub-acid.
A fine old culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from September
to February.
The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and an excellent
bearer.
388. WINTER COLMAN.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 875
Hog. Fr. Cult. 58.
Synonymes. — Norfolk Colman, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. i. 683. Norfolk Storing, Fors.
Treat. 117.
Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xcii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii.
Fruit, above medium size ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale yellow,
mottled with red on the shaded side, but deep red on the side next the
sun. Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk,
short, thick, and deeply inserted. Flesh, firm, crisp, and briskly acid.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to April.
The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, so much so, that in its
young state, it is not a great bearer ; but when grafted on the paradise
stock, it produces abundantly.
389. WINTER GREENING.— Aber.
Identification. — Aber. Gard. Diet.
Synonymes— Freneh Crab, Fors. Treat. 102. Easter Pippin, Lind. Guide, 45.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 233. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Claremont Pippin, ace.
Hort. Soc. Cat. Ironstone Pippin, Ibid. Young's Long Keeping, Ibid. John
Apple, Rag. Fr. Cult.
Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit., pi. xciii, f. 1. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xlii. f. 3.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 207
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, widest at the middle, and narrowing
towards the crown, round which are a few small ridges. Skin, smooth
and shining, of a dark lively green, strewed with minute russety dots ;
and with a blush of dull red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and
closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long,
inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish,
very close in texture, brittle and juicy, with a very poignant and
pleasant acid.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, which comes into use in
November, and has been known to last under favorable circumstances,
for two years. Dry sand is a good article to preserve it in.
The tree is very hardy, a free and good grower, and an abundant bearer.
I have not adopted here, the nomenclature of the Horticultural
Society's Catalogue, for two reasons. First, because Winter Greening
is the previous name, and, so far as 1 can find, the original one. It is also
very applicable, and not subject to the same objection which Mr. Lindley
has to French Crab. Second, because there is already in the Horti-
cultural Society's Catalogue, the " White Easter" — the "Paasch Appel,"
of Knoop — and the two names being so similar, may tend to confusion,
a result of already too frequent occurrence, and most desirable to be
avoided. The name Winter Greening is also more descriptive.
390. WINTER LADING.— H.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, at the
middle, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, and narrowing
towards the crown, irregularly formed, sometimes with one prominent
angle on one side. Skin, bright green, marked with patches and dots
of thin russet. Eye, closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk three
quarters of an inch long, curved, inserted in a deep, round cavity.
Flesh, greenish-white, juicy, sweet, very tender, and delicate, with a
pleasant acid.
An excellent sauce apple ; in use from October to Christmas. It is
grown in the north-eastern parts of Sussex, about Heathfield.
391. WINTER MAJETIN.— Lind.
Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. 68. Hort. See. Cat. ed. 3, n. 876.
Lind. Guide, 58.
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish-ovate, with ribs round the crown.
Skin, smooth, dark green, covered with thin dull brownish-red on the
side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a deep basin, which is
much furrowed and plaited. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long,
slender, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with russet.
Flesh, greenish- white, firm, crisp, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.
A first-rate culinary apple, bearing a considerable resemblance to the
London Pippin, but does not change to yellow color by keeping as
that variety does. It is in use fi-om January to May.
This variety is, strictly speaking, a Norfolk apple, where it is much
grown for the local markets. It was first made public by Mr. George
208
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Lindley, wlio introduced it to the notice of the London Horticultural
Society. In the " Guide to the Orchard," it is stated that the Aphis
Lanigera or " Meally Bug," so destructive to most of our old orchard
trees, seems to be set at defiance by the Majetin. "An old tree now
growing in a garden belonging to Mr. William Youngman, of Norwich,
which had been grafted about three feet high in the stem, has been for
many years attacked by this insect below the grafted part, but never
above it ; the limbs and branches being to this day perfectly free,
although all the other trees in the same garden have been infested more
or less with it."
The tree is a most abundant bearer.
392. WINTER PEARMAIN.— Ger.
Identification. — Ger. Herb. Aust. Treat. 54. Rail. Hist. ii. 1448. Lang Pom.
1.34. t. Ixxviii. f. 4. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 356. Fors. Treat. 130. Lind. Guide, 84.
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 563. Bog. Fr. Cult,- 76.
Synonymes. — Great Pearmaine, Park. Par. 587. Pearmain. Evelyn Pom. 65.
Peare-maine, Husb. Fr. Orch. Old Pearmam, Pom. Heref. t. 29. Parmain d'Hiver,
Knoop. Pom. 64. t. xi. Pepin Parmain d'Hiver, Ibid. 131. Pepin Parmain
d' Angleterre, Ibid. Grauwe of Blanke Pepping Van Der Laan, Ibid. Pereraenes
Ibid. Zeeuwsche Pepping, Ibid. Duck's Bill, in some parts of Sussex. Drue
Permein d' Angleterre, Quint. Inst. 202.
Figures. — Pom. Heref. t. 29. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxii. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and about the same in
height ; of a true pearmain shape, somewhat five sided towards the
crown. Skin, smooth and shining, at first of a greenish-yellow, marked
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 209
with faiut streaks of dull red on the shaded side, and entirely covered
with deep red on the side next the sun ; but changes by keeping to fine
deep yellow, streaked with flesh color on the shaded side ; Lut of a
beautiful, clear, deep red or crimson, on the side next the sun, and
strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, large and open, with
short segments, set in a pretty deep, and prominently plaited basin.
Stalk, very short, not exceeding a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a
deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish,
firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk, poignant, and very pleasant
flavor.
A highly esteemed old English apple, suitable principally for culinary
purposes, but also valuable for the dessert ; it is in use from December
to the end of April.
The tree attains about the middle size, is a free and healthy grower,
and an excellent bearer.
This is, I believe, the oldest existing English apple on record. It is
noticed as being cultivated in Norfolk, as early as the year 1200, — what
evidence against Mr. Knight's theory ! In Blomefield's History of
Norfolk, there is mention of a tenure in that county by petty serjeanty,
and the payment of two hundred pearmains, and four hogsheads of cider
of pearmains into the Exchequer, at the feast of St. Michael, yearly.
It is the original of all the Pearmains, a name now applied to a great
variety of apples. Much doubt has existed as to the origin of this word,
and in a communication to the Gardener's Chronicle for 1848, I there
stated what I conceived to be its meaning. The early forms in which
it was written, will be seen from the synonymes above, they were
Pearemaine and Peare-maine. In some early historical works of the
same period, I have seen Charlemagne written Charlemaine, the last
portion of the word having the same termination as Pearemaine. Now,
Charlemagne being derived from Carolvs magnus there is every proba-
bility that Pearemaine is derived from Pijrus magnus. The signification
therefore of Pearmain is the Great Fear Apple, in allusion no doubt, to
the varieties known by that name, bearing a resemblance to the form of
a pear.
393. WINTER QUOINING.
Stnontmes. — Winter Queening, Eea. Pom. 212. Eaii. Hist. ii. 1448. Fors.
Treat. 100. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 610. Winter Quinin, Nourse Camp. Fel.
146. Calville d'Angleterre. Langer Rother Himbeerapfel, Diel Kernobst. v. 15.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a quarter wide, and rather more
than two inches and a half high ; conical, distinctly five-sided, with
five acute angles, extending the whole length of the fruit, and terminat-
ing at the crown in five equal, and prominent crowns. Skin, pale-green,
almost entirely covered with red, which is striped and mottled with
deeper red, and marked on the shaded side Avith a thin coat of russet.
Eye, small, and closed, set in a narrow and angular cavity. Stalk,
about ha!f-an-inch long and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and
angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, not very juicy,
sugary, rich, and perfumed.
A good old English apple, suitable either for the dessert or culinary
purposes ; it is iii use from November to May.
P.
210 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
The Winter Quoining, is a very old English apple. I have here
adopted an orthography, different from that usually employed, because
I conceive it to be the most correct. The name is derived from the
word Coin or Quoin, the corner stones of a building, because of the
angles or corners on the sides of the fruit. Thus Rea in his Pomona says,
when speaking of this apple, " it succeeds incomparably on the paradise
apple, as the Colviele, (Calville) and all other sorts of Queenings do," re-
garding the Calville also as a Queening from the angularity of its shape.
394. WOODCOCK.— Evelyn.
Identification. — Evelyn Pom. 102. Pom. Heref. t. 10. Lind. Guide, 112. Kog.
Fr. Cult. 112.
Fruit, medium sized ; of an oval shape, tapering a little towards the
crown, which is narrow. Eye, flat, with broad segments of the calyx.
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, thick, and fleshy, and curved
inwards towards the fruit. Skin, yellow, nearly covered with a soft red,
and much deeper color on the sunny side.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1073. — Lindley.
This is one of the oldest cider apples, and is highly commended by
the writers of the seventeenth century ; but according to Mr. Knight it
has long ceased to deserve the attention of the planter. It is said
that the name of this apple, is derived from an imagined resem-
blance in the form of the fruit, and fruit-stalk, in some instances, to
the head and beak of a woodcock ; but Mr. Knight thinks it probable
that it was raised by a person of that name.
395. W^OOLMAN'S LONG.— Coxe.
Identification — Coxe View, 169. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 884.
Stnontmes. — Ortley, Hort. Trans, vol. vi. p. 415. Lind. Guide, 78. Van Dyne,
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 1128.
Fruit, medium sized ; oblong. Skin, clear deep yellow, on the shaded
side ; but bright scarlet, on the side next the sun, sprinkled with
imbedded pearly specks, and russety dots. Eye, large, set in a moderately
deep and plaited basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a rather deep and
even cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, brittle, juicy, with a rich, brisk,
and perfumed flavor.
An excellent apple of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary or
dessert use ; it is in season from December to April.
This is an American apple, and originated in the state of New
Jersey, U. S.
396. WORMS LEY PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 885. Down. Fr. Amer. 97. Gard.
Chvon. 184G, 853. Rog. Fr. Cult. 80.
SvNONYME. — Knight's Codlin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
FiGLRii.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iv. f. 2.
THE APPLE. ITS VAPvIETIES. 211
Fruit, large, three inches and a half broad in the middle, and three
inches high ; ovate, widest at the middle, and narrowing both towards
the base and the apex, with obtuse angles on the sides, which terminate
at the crown in several prominent ridges. Skin, smooth, deep clear
yellow, with a rich golden or orange tinge, on the side next the sun, and
covered with numerous dark spots. Eye, large and open, with long
acuminate segments, placed in a deep, furrowed, and angular basin.
Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round cavity, which is thickly lined
with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, rich, sugary, brisk, and aromatic.
A most valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes ;
it is in season during September and October.
This admirable apple was raised by T. A, Knight, Esq., and first
brought into notice in 1811. As a culinary apple it is not to be surpassed ;
and even in the dessert, when well ripened, Mr. Knight considered it
closely resembled the Newtown Pippin. The tree is hardy, healthy, a
free and abundant bearer. It has been found to succeed in every latitude
of these kingdoms. Even in Rosshire, the late Sir. G. S. McKenzie,
found it to succeed well as an espalier. It ought to be cultivated in
every garden, however small.
397. WYKEN PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification.— Ilort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, u. 886. Lind. Guide, 25. Kog. Fr. Cult. 93.
SvNONYMES. — Warwickshire Pippin, Hurt. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 39. Arley, Ibid. 18.
Girkin Pippin, ace. Hoi-t. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xli. f. 1 .
Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two inches
high ; oblate, even and
handsomely shaped.
Skin, smooth, pale
greenish-yellow in the
shade ; but with a dull
orange blush next the
sun, and sprinkled all
over with russety dots
and patches of delicate
russet, particularly on
the base. Eye, large
and open, set in a wide,
shallow, and plaited
basin. Stalk, very
short, imbedded in a
shallow cavity. Flesh,
yel ow, tinged with green, tender, very juicy, sweet, and richly flavored.
A valuable and delicious dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use
from December to April.
The tree is a healthy and good grower, and an excellent bearer.
This variety is said to have originated from seed saved from an apple
which Lord Craven had eaten while on his travels from France to
Holland, and which was planted at Wyken, about two miles from
p 2
212 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Coventry. According to Mr. Lindley, the original tree, then very old,
was in existence in 1827, and presented the appearance of an old
trunk, with a strong sucker growing from its roots.
398. YELLOW ELLIOT.— Knight.
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t 17. Lind. Guide, 113.
Stnontmes. — Eleot, Worl. Vin. 163. Eliot, Philips Cid. Yellow Eyelet, Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 15. ?.
Fruit, of a good size, rather more flat than long, having a few obtuse
angles terminating in the crown. Eye, small, with short diverging
segment of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, pale yellow, slightly shaded
with orange on the sunny side.
Specific gravity of the juice, 1076.
The cider of this apple in a new state, is harsh and astringent, but
grows soft and mellow with age, and was much esteemed by the writers
of the seventeeth century.
399. YELLOW INGESTRIE.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. 1, p. 227. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n. 359.
Lind. Guide, 26. Diel Kernobst. iii. B. 43. Rog. Fr. Cult. 81.
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 4.
Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters wide, and an inch and five-
eights high ; of a handsome cylindrical shape, flattened at both ends.
Skin, smooth, of a fine clear yellow, tinged with a deeper yellow on the
side next the sun, and marked with small pinky spots. Eye, small, and
partially closed, set almost even with the surface ; but sometimes in
a wide, and shallow basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters
long, set in a rather shallow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm,
crisp, and delicate, with a profusion of brisk, and highly flavored vinous
juice.
A beautiful and delightful little dessert apple, of first-rate quality,
bearing a considerable resemblance to the Golden Pippin ; it is in use
during September and October.
The tree is large, spreading, and an excellent bearer.
This and the Red Ingestrie, were raised by T. A. Knight, Esq.
400. YELLOW NEWTOWN PIPPIN.— Hort.
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 595.
Synonyme. — Large Yellow Newtown Pippin, Coxe View. 142.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three
quarters high ; roundish, irregular in its outline, and prominently
angled on the sides. Skin, of an uniform deep straw-color, which is
rather deeper and richer on the side next the sun, than on the other;
and thinly covered with delicate reticulations of fine grey russet, inter-
spersed with several large dark spots. Eye, large and closed, with long
linear segments, set in a wide and irregular basin, from which issue
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 213
several deep russety farrows. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in an uneven
and angular cavity, which is partially lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish,
crisp, juicy, and slightly sub-acid, but with an agreeable flavor.
A first-rate dessert apple ; in use from December to March, and ripens
better in this climate than the Newtown Pippin.
401. YORKSHIRE GREENING.— Fors.
Identification.— Fors. Treat. 131. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n. 889. Lind. Guide,
60. Hog. Fr. Cult. 60.
Synonymes. — Coates's, Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 1, 165. Seek-no-farther, Ibid. 1032.
Yorkshire Goose Sauce, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.
FiGDRE. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xi. f. 2.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half
high ; oblate and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, very dark green ;
but where exposed to the sun, tinged with dull red, which is striped with
broken stripes of deeper red, very much speckled all over with rather
bold grey russet specks, and over the base with traces of greyish brown
russet. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, irregular, and plaited basin.
Stalk, short, stout, and fleshy, covered with grey tomentum, inserted
in a wide and rather shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp,
and very juicy, with a brisk, but pleasant acidity.
A first-rate culinary apple ; in use from October to January
214 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
ADDITIONAL VARIETIES OF APPLES.
The following is an enumeration of apples which are known to exist
in Great Britain, but of the great majority of which I have no personal
knowledge. They are either recorded in other works on pomology, or
have been communicated to me by correspondents. The most of these
have only a local reputation, and do not possess sufficient merit to make
them attractive out of their own districts. A great number are conti-
nental varieties, which have chiefly been introduced through the in-
strumentality of the London Horticviltural Society, in whose garden they
are only to be found ; and many of these are worthy of being more
generally known. There are also several varieties which have come under
my notice, since the preceding part of this work was published ; but of
the greater part enumerated, I have had no opportunity of seeing the
fruit ; the descriptions, therefore, are either from the works in which
they a-e recorded, or the correspondents with whom I have communicated ;
my object in supplying these additional varieties, being to furnish a
complete record of all that are known to exist in Great Britain so far as
that can be ascertained.
402. ACHMORE.
A Scotch apple of medium size, and conical shape, green on the
shaded side, and red next the sun ; of second-rate quality as a dessert
fruit, and in season during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 2.
403. ADAM'S APPLE.
A worthless variety, unless for cider ; it is of medium size, oblong,
dark red, and in use during December and January. — JI. S. C. n. 3.
404. ATKIN'S SEEDLING.
A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality either as a culinary or
dessert fruit; the shape is roundish, the color greenish yellow; in
use in November. The tree is hardy, a free bearer, and nearly allied
to the HaAvthornden. — Latos. Cat.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 215
405. ALBAN.
A cider apple, of medium size, round, green on the shaded side, and
red next the sun ; in use from December to February. — H. S. C. n. 5.
406. ALDERSTON PIPPIN.
A small early dessert apple ; it is ovate, pale yellow, of second-rate
quality, and ripe in August. — ff. S. C. p. 4.
407. AMERICAN NONPAREIL.
A beautiful apple of medium size, its color yellow, streaked and
stained on the sunny side with bright red ; its form oblong, a good deal
contracted at the summit ; its stalk deeply sunken ; the flesh white, firm,
juicy, and good. This apple ripens in October and November. A
very fine fruit, and externally resembles the Hubbardston Nonsuch. —
Ken. Amer. Or. 30.
408. AMERICAN PEACH.
Of medium size, and second-rate quality ; roundish, red and yellow,
and ripe in September. — II. S. C. p. 4.
409. ANIS-SEED.
Stnontme. — Rival Golden Pippin.
A small, oblate, greenish-yellow dessert apple, of second-rate quality ;
in use from October to January. — JI. S. C. p. 4.
410. ANTRIM NONPAREIL.
A small dessert apple of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish
shape ; skin, striped with red ; and is in use from December till March.
H. S. a p. 27.
41L API PANACHE.
A small, roundish, yellow and green apple, of third-rate quality, in use
from October to December. More curious than useful. — H. S. C. n. 10.
412. ASHBY SEEDLING.
A medium sized, roundish, yellow and red dessert apple, of second-
rate quality ; in use during December and January. — H. S. C. p. 5.
413. D'ASTMS.
Stnontme. — Streifling d'Hiver.
A noble kitchen fruit, large, and of a globular shape, a little flattened
at the eye, which is deeply sunk and large ; green, with some dull red
210 BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC
streaks, chiefly on the top of the fruit. It is a first-rate sort, firm, with
rich flavor, and dresses well ; will keep till March or April. — Ron. Pyr.
il/a/. 61.p!. xxxi. f. 1.
414. AUNT'S APPLE.
A large kitchen fruit, of second-rate quality ; it is roundish, and
striped, and is in season from November till March. — H. S. C. p. 3.
415. AUTUMN GOLDEN PIPPIN.
Fruit, below medium size. Stalk, short. Eye, large and prominent.
Skin, fine blush next the sun, deep yellow in the shade. Flesh, ci'isp,
not very juicy, but the flavor is rich and agreeable. The tree is a strong
upright grower, forming a fine second class standard. Cultivated in
some parts of Kent. — [i:>g. Fr. Cult. 84.
416. AUTUMN REINETTE.
Fruit, of middle size, rather oval, of a mottled red next the sun, and
the shaded side yellow ; pulp, crisp, and contains a fine quantity of rich
juice ; in use from October to February. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 102.
417. BAINS'S.
Fruit, medium sized; oblate; striped; of second-rate quality, suitable
either for kitchen or dessert use, and possessing the flaijn" of the Ribston
Pippin, but not so rich ; it is in use from November to March.
H. S. C. n. 20.
418. BALDERSTONE SEEDLING.
A medium sized, second-rate, kitchen apple, of conical shape, and
striped with red ; it is in use during October and November. — H. S. C.
p. 5.
419. BALMANNO PIPPIN.
A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality; it is roundish-
ovate, green and brownish, and in use from October to December. —
//. S. C. n. 24.
420. BATH.
A large, roundish, yellow, kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; in
use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 30.
421. BAUDRONS.
Tree an excellent bearer, fruit keeps well, and is of good quality,
with much acid, excellent for tarts ; tree middle size and healthy ._ This
is a rare variety, and is supposed to exist only in the Gourdie Hill
orchard, Carse of Gowrie. — 31. C. II. S. vol. iv. 472.
'J'lIE AITLE. — ITS VARIETIES. ' 217
422. BEAT'S PIPPIN.
A dessert apple of large size, round, striped witli red ; in use from
November to January. — H. S. C. n. 33.
423. BEAUFINETTE.
A small sized culinary apple, of oblate shape, and red color ; in use
from November to February. — //. S. C. n. 36.
424. BELLE ANGLAISE.
Synonymk. — Beauty of England.
A large apple, of first-rate quality either as a culinary or dessert
apple ; it is in use from November till December. The tree bears well
as a standard. — Laws. Cat.
425. BELLE HERVY.
A large culinary apple of roundish shape, green color, and second-
rate quality ; in use from November to March. — H. S. C. n. 47.
426. BENLOMOND.
A large, oblong, culinary fruit ; of a greenish-yellow color ; in use
from October to December. The fruit is of good quality ; tree bears
steadily, has long slender twigs, is of middle size, leaves large, of un-
common figure. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards.
M. C. H. S. vol. iv. p. 470.
427. BENWELL'S LARGE.
A large, roundish, green variety, of inferior quality ; in 'use in
December. — H. S. C. p. 6.
428. BENZLER.
A medium sized cider apple, of ovate shape, striped with red, and in
season from December to May. — H. S. C. n. 54.
429. BETLEY CODLIN.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of conical shape ; skin, yellow, with
brownish-red towards the sun ; in use from October till January. —
H. >S'. C. p. 153.
430. BISCHOFFS REINETTE.
A middle sized, very valuable dessert apple, it is conical or pearmain-
shaped ; the skin is of a fine lemon color, without any red next the sun,
but with markings of russet. Flesh, whitish-yellow, very fine, juicy,
sugary, vinous, and aromatic. Ripe in November, and continues in
use all the winter. — Diet Kernobst. i. B, 82.
218 • BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
431. BLACK ANNETTE.
A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for
culinary or dessert use ; it is of an ovate shape, dark red color, and
in use from November to January. — H. S. C. p. 5.
432. BLACK AMERICAN.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of roundish
shape, dark red color, and in use during November and December. —
H. S. a n. 62.
433. BLACK BESS.
An apple peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, and said to keep long. —
M. C. H. S. iv. 472.
434. BLACK BORSDORFFER.
Stnontme. — Black Crab.
A small, roundish, dark red apple, of inferior quality ; in use from
November to January. It is curious on account of its color, in other
respects worthless. — JI. S. C. n. 64.
435. BLACK NONPAREIL.
This is a small angular apple, with the stalk thickened like that of the
Lemon Pippin. It has nothing of the character of the Nonpareil, but
is a rich high flavored apple. It is only met with in the Scotch
collections. — Hort. Trans, iii. 325.
436. BLAND'S ORANGE PIPPIN.
Fruit, small, flattened at both ends. Stalk, short. Eye, large and
deep. Color, light orange, deepening as it ripens, and varied with
russet specks. The pulp is crisp, very juicy, and fit for the dessert ; it
is in perfection during October. — Hog. Fr. Cult. 79.
437. BLOOD ROYAL.
A large culinary apple of second-rate quality ; it is roundish, dark
red, and in use from September to November. — H. S. C. p. 7.
438. BOGMILN FAVORITE.
A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a round
shape, and striped with red ; and in use from November to January.
This variety is peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and is there
esteemed of excellent quality. — H. S. C. n. 72.
439. BONNER.
A Scotch apple peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and there
esteemed a fine autumn apple, and the tree an excellent bearer. —
M. C. H. S. iv. 474.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 219
440. BONNIE BRIDE.
A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and esteemed
as a fruit of excellent quality ; tree a good bearer, middle sized and
healthy, a rare variety. — M. C. II. S. iv. 471.
441. BOOMREY.
A pretty large handsome apple, of a flat shape, and deep red color ;
and the flesh is streaked with red. It is not fit to eat raw, but will do
well for cider, or for the kitchen. It keeps till April. — Fors. Treat. 94.
442. BOVEY REDSTREAK.
A handsome apple of flattish shape, beautifully streaked with a bright
red next the eye, which is small, and of a yellow color about the foot-
stalk. It keeps till the latter end of October. — Fors. Treat. 94.
443. BOWES'S NONESUCH.
A medium sized apple, for culinary purposes ; the shape is roundish,
skin, green, and striped with red ; in use during October. — H. S. C. n. 490.
444. BRAINGE.
A small cider apple of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use
in November.— IT. S. C. n. 80.
445. BOURASSA.
Synontme. — Barrossa.
A medium sized conical apple, of second-rate quality ; it is russeted
and red, suitable either for culinary or dessert use ; and is in season
from October to December. — H. S. C. p. 8.
446. BRAUNE MAL.
A large culinary apple of oblate shape, and brown color, and in use
from December to March. — II. S. C. n. 83.
447. BRAUNSCHWEIGER MILCH.
Synonymes. — Milch Apfel, Christ Gartenb. 300.
This is an extremely beautiful and valuable German apple, roundish,
three inches high, and about the same wide. Its skin is as thin, clear, and
tender, as the finest paper, snow-white, like wax, with several beautiful
crimson stripes and dots on the sunny side ; it has a very short stalk,
ripens in the beginning of August, and keeps for fourteen days. —
Christ Gartenb. 300.
220 BKITISH POMOLOGY ETC.
448. BROWN'S SUMMER BEAUTY.
Of medium size, oval shape, straw color, with a flush of unmixed red,
both eye and stalk prominent; the flesh delicate, and full of richly
flavored juice. This is a first-rate table apple, ripening in September.
It was raised by Mr. Brown at Slough. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 3, pi. ii. f. 2.
449. BROWNITE.
A medium sized apple, of oblate shape, striped with red, and of inferior
quality ; it is in use during December and January. — H. S. C. p. 8.
450. BUCKS COUNTY.
Stnontme. — Solebury Cider.
A large cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow and red color ; in
use from November till March. Tree a great bearer. — H. S. C. n. 94.
451. BUCHANAN'S LONG KEEPER.
Of medium size, round, and yellowish-green color, second-rate quality,
and in use from January to April. — H. S. C. p. 8.
452. BUFFCOAT.
A cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow russeted color. —
H. S. a n. 98.
453. BURR KNOT.
Synontme. — BuiT Apple.
A large apple of globular form, smooth glossy surface, yellow, with a
flush of faint red. This is a very useful kitchen fruit in November and
December, and a profuse bearer. The tree grows in a close and compact
form, and seldom cankers. It is named Burr Knot from knots or joints
on the shoots, which render it easy to be grown from cuttings. — Hon.
Pyr. Mai. 17, pi. xxxix, f. 1.
454. BURRELL'S RED.
Above the medium size, of a conical shape, with wrinkles encompass-
ing a small shallow eye ; the stalk is deeply inserted, it is of an entire
beautiful red color, approaching to scarlet. The flesh is juicy, and rich,
with an agreeable acid. This is a very desirable sauce apple throughout
November, December, and January. It is a robust grower, and bears
\fe\\.—Ron. Pyr. Mai. 83, pi. xlii. f. 1.
455. BURTON SEEDLING.
Very much resembles the Manks Codlin, the flesh is tender, delicate,
and of a fine flavor, and the tree a great bearer. This variety is chiefly
to be met with in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. — Mid. Flor.
THE APPLE, ITS VARIETIES. 221
456. BUSIIAM.
A culinary apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of a
roundish shape, yellowish-green color, and is in season from December
till March.—//. S. C. p. 8.
457. CADBURY.
Synonvme. — Cadbury Pound.
A small, conical, cider apple, of a pale green or yellow color, and
good flavor, ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 95.
458. CALANDER.
A large Scotch apple, of first-rate quality, either as a culinary or
dessert fruit ; it is of a conical shape, and in use from October to
December. The tree is a good bearer. — Laws. Cat.
459. CAMBUSNETHAN PIPPIN.
Synonymes. — Winter Redstreak ; Watch Apple.
A Scotch apple, originally from the gardens at Cambusnethan, it is
rather above the middle size, round, flattened at both ends ; eye, very
large, in a regular wide cavity, ground color, yellow, with a profusion of
red in irregular splotches ; the flesh is white and melting, with a very
rich saccharine juice. — Hort. Trans, iii. 25.
460. CAMPFIELD.
A cider apple of medium size, oblate shape, yellow and red color ; in
use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 125.
461. CAPPER'S PEARMAIN.
Synonyme.— Now Duck's Bill.
A large and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality ;
it is pearmain-shaped, skin, striped with red ; and in use from December
till March. This variety is peculiar to Sussex. — H. S. C. n. 537.
462. CARNATION.
This is a beautiful middle sized fruit,. finely striped with red; it is
ripe in January and keeps till May. — Fors. Treat. 96.
463. CARBERRY PIPPIN.
This in size and shape, resembles the French Crab, and is of a deep
green color. It is a good baking apple and will keep till March. —
Fors. Treat. 97.
222 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
464. CARSE REDSTREAK.
A Scotch apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, it is very
beautiful, and the tree is a moderate bearer. — 31. C. H. S. iv. 474.
465. CATLINE.
Stnonymes. — Gregsou ; Catline of Maryland.
An American dessert apple of small size, oblate shape, yellow and red
color, and second-rate quality ; it is in use from October to December.
H. S. C. n. 129.
466. CHATAIGNIER.
A French kitchen apple of medium size, ovate shape, and striped with
red. It keeps for two years, and contains a very strong acid. — H. S. C.
u. 136.
467. CHAUDIERE.
A small, roundish, green cider apple. — JI. S. C. n. 137.
468. CHRIST'S GOLD REINETTE.
Stnontme. — Christ's Deutsche Goldreinette.
Fruit, above medium size, about two inches and a half high, and
about three inches broad ; oblate. Skin, pale gold-yellow, with a light
red cheek on the sunny side, and the greater part of the fruit covered
with cinnamon colored russet. Eye, set in a shallow and wide basin.
Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined
with russet. Flesh, fine, tender, juicy, with an aromatic and vinous
flavor.
An excellent apple either for culinary or dessert use ; in use from
November till May. — Christ Vollst. Pom. 165.
469. CIERGE D'HIVER.
A small, conical, green cider apple, in use during November and
December.—^. S. C. n. 143.
470. CITRONEN REINETTE.
Synonyme. — Reinette de Citron.
Fruit, pretty large, two inches and three quarters, to three inches
broad, and about the same in height ; abrupt pearmain-shaped. Skin,
smooth, of a beautiful shining bright yellow, with a rose colored blush,
on the side towards the sun. Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments,
set in a wide, even, and pretty shallow basin, which is somewhat plaited.
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which
is lined with cinnamon colored russet. Flesh, very white, fine grained,
juicy, and of a very brisk, sugary, and vinous flavor.
A very beautiful and valuable dessert apple, of German origin. It
was raised by Herrn, Rath and Amtraann Rath, of Nassau ; it is in use
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 223
in December, and keeps during the whole of the winter and spring, even
till June. — Did Kernobst. iii. 132,
471. CLARET.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of conical shape, and red color ; it is
in use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 146.
472. CLARKE'S CODLIN.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of third-rate quality, it is of a conical
shape, and yellow color, and comes into use in November. — If. S. C. p. 10.
473. CLEPINGTON.
A medium sized dessert apple, ripe in September. It is a seedling
from the Oslin. — Hiv. Cat.
474. CLEY PIPPIN.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape,
and yellow color ; and is in use from October to March. — H. S. C. n. 145.
47o. CLOUDED SCARLET.
A very beautiful apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards ;
the ti-ee bears well. — M. C. II. S. iv. 473.
476. CLOVE PIPPIN.
A medium sized dessert fruit, of second rate quality ; it is of an oblate
shape, russety-red color, and is ripe in August. — If. S. C. n. 147.
There is another variety in Mr. Rivers's Catalogue, which is also
called Clove Pippin, and which is said to be a large dessert apple, of
first-rate quality, and in use from November till April.
477. COCKPIT.
Of ordinary size, oval shape, both eye and stalk (which is slender),
prominent ; when ripe of a yellow color, the flesh is tender, and of a
brisk flavor. Ripe in November and December. It grows healthily,
and bears constantly. This variety is much cultivated in the North of
England, as a useful pleasant apple, either for the table or kitchen. —
Eon. Pyr. Mai. 73. pi. xxxvii. f. 1.
478. COLLIN'S KEEPER.
A large kitchen apple, of roundish shape, green and yellow color, and
keeps till January. — //. S. C. n. 173.
479. CONQUEST DE WIGERS.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a
roundish shape, pale yellow color, and in use from January till March.—
H. S. C. n. 175.
224 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
480. CORSTORPHINE.
A medium sized second-rate Scotch culinary apple, of conical shape,
and pale yellow color ; in use during September and October. —
Laics. Cat.
481. CORNISH NONPAREIL.
This is rather under the middle size, it is a little flatted, and of a
russet color. This is a very good apple, and keeps till the middle of
March. — Fors. Treat. 97.
482. CORNISH PEARMAIN.
This is of a middling size, and long shape, of a dull green color on
one side, and russet on the other. This is a very good apple, and keeps
till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 97.
483. CORSE'S FAVORITE.
A Canadian apple, raised near Montreal. It is described as an apple
of extraordinary flavor ; it commences ripening in August, and has this
singular peculiarity in maturing : it is six weeks from the time the first
are fit for the table, before the last are so ; it should be perfectly matured
on the tree, and eaten immediately. — Ken. Amer. Or. 26.
Such is the character of this fruit in America, but I have had no
experience of it here. — H.
484. COS OR CAAS.
A native of Kingston, N. Y., where it is productive and very highly
esteemed. Fruit, large, one-sided or anguhu', roundish, broad and
flattened at the stalk, narrowing a good deal to the eye. Skin, smooth,
pale greenish-yellow in the shade, but red in the sun, with splashes and
specks of bright red, and a few yeilovir dots. Stalk, very short, and
rather strong, downy, deeply inserted in a wide, one-sided cavity.
Calyx, small, in a narrow, shallow basin. Flesh, white, tender, with a
mild, agreeable flavor. December to March. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 103.
485. COURT-PENDU NOIR.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of round shape, and dark red color ;
in use from December till March. — //. S. C. n. 186.
486. COWARNE QUEENING.
A small, ovate apple, green and red, suitable either for cider or the
dessert use ; it is in season from October till March, and is a good
bearer.— 77. 6". C. n. 606.
487. COW'S SNOUT.
A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, it is of oblong shape,
green and yellow color, and ripe during x^ugust and September. — -
H. S. C. u. 189.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 2^5
488, CREDE'S QUITTENREINETTE.
SrNONYMEs.— Credos Giitten Reinette, Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n. 646.
Rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two
inches and a quarter high ; roundish. Skin, smooth, of an uniform fine
lemon color, when ripe, and strewed with star-like russety dots. Eye,
open, with long green segments, set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk,
thin, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, deep, and funnel-shaped
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, of a beautiful white, very
fine and juicy, with a sugary, vinous, and quince flavor. It is in use
from December till spring. — Diel Kernobst. xxi. 105.
489. CRIMSON QUEENING.
Synonymes. — Scarlet Queening ; Summer Queening ; Red Queening ; Hereford-
shire Queening.
A medium sized apple, of conical shape, red color^ and second-rate
quality, suitable either for the dessert or culinary use ; and in season
from December till March. It is not so rich as the Cornish Gilliflower,
but resembles it both in flavor and appearance. — H. S. C. n. 609.
490. CROOM PIPPIN.
A small, roundish, yellow apple ; in use from December to January. —
//. S. a n. 194.
491. CUMBERLAND PIPPIN.
Of medium size, roundish shape, prominently ribbed on the sides,
and pale green color, suitable for kitchen use ; and in season during
December.— if. S. C.p. 12.
492. CURTIS.
A native of Virginia. The skin is smooth, of a red color ; flesh, juicy
and pleasant. Ripe, middle to end of August, — Ken. Amer. Or. 59.
493. CYDER SOP.
A medium sized cider apple, of roundish-ovate shape, and yeUow,
covered with brownish-red color. — H. S. C. p. 12.
494. DAISY.
\ variety cultivated in the Carse of Cowrie orchards, it is a very
beautiful, small, sweet fruit, and not common.— J/. C. II. S. iv. 472.
495. DALMAHOY PIPPIN.
This is about the size of a Golden Pippin, of a green colbr, and a
little streaked with red towards the sun, it has a tolerable good flavor,
rather sharp ; and is in eating from September till February. — Fors.
Treat, 99.
Q
'226 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
496. DANVERS WINTER SWEET.
Synonyme. — Epse's Sweet.
In Massachusetts, from a town in which this variety takes its name, it
has for a long time been one of the best market apples ; but we think
it inferior to the Ladies' Sweeting. It is an abundant bearer, and a
very rapid tree in its growth.
Fruit, of medium size, roundish-oblong. Skin, smooth, dull yellow,
with an orange blush. Stalk, slender, inclining to one side. Calyx,
set in a smooth, narrow basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, sweet, and rich.
It bakes well, and is fit for use the whole winter, and often till April.
Down. Ft. Amer. 108.
497. DARLINGTON PIPPIN.
A medium sized dessert apple, of an oblate shape, green color, and
second-rate quality. — H. S. C. n. 199.
498. DEPTFORD INN.
A very small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of roundish
shape, brownish-red color ; and in use from November till January. —
H. S. C. n. 200.
499. DERBYSHIRE.
A medium sized culinary apple, of ovate shape, pale yellow, and red
color ; and in use from November till March. — H. S. C. p. 12.
500. DESCIBUS.
A medium sized apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and inferior
quality, ripe in November. — H. S. C. p. 12.
501. DETROIT.
Synontmes. — Eed Detroit; Black Detroit ; Black Apple; Large Black; Crimson
Pippin.
Fruit of medium, or rather large size, roundish, somewhat flattened
and pretty regular. Stalk, three fourths of an inch long, planted in a
deep cavity. Skin, pretty thick, smooth, and glossy, bright crimson at
first, but becoming dark blackish purple at maturit}-, somewhat dotted
and marbled with specks of fawn color on the sunny side. Calyx, closed,
set in a rather deep plaited basin. Flesh, white, (sometimes stained
with red to the core in exposed specimens,) crisp, juicy, of agreeable
sprightly sub-acid flavor. October to February. — Down. Fr. Amer. 106.
502. LEVON SHIRE GOLDEN BALL.
It is large and of globular shape, straw-colored, with a flush of un-
striped carmine ; a very beautiful sauce apple, juicy, with an agreeable
acid. It is a very useful apple in January and February. The tree
grows well, and bears freely. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 83. pi. xlii. f. 2.
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 227
503. DEVONSHIRE QUEEN.
A beautiful apple, rather large, straw-colored, enriched over three
fourths of its surface, with bright red stripes. It is an excellent apple,
juicy, and briskly flavored, fit either for the table or for sauce, but particu-
larly the latter ; ripe in October. It is a general favorite in the West
of England. — Ron. Pyr. Blal 49. pi, xxv. f. I.
504. DEVONSHIRE RED STREAK.
An old apple, and highly esteemed in the West of England, it is of
middle size, globular, but a little oval, straw-colored, with a good deal
of scarlet striping; the flavor is poignant, with plenty of juice and acid.
It is excellent either for the dessert, or for cider, and will keep in
perfection till January. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 53. pi. xxvii. f 2.
505. DEVONSHIRE WHITE SOUR.
A small, oblate, greenish-yellow apple, ripe in August. — H. S. C. n. 204.
506. DEVONSHIRE WILDING.
Is a favorite sort in North Devon, for the manufacture of rough
cider of great strength, so much relished by the laborers of that country.
The fruit is of middle size, nearly round, flatted at the ends ; color,
yellowish-green, dotted with brown ; the stalk short and thick, and.
closely attached to the branch, and hanging long on the tree. The pulp
is firm, and well charged with a sharp acid juice. When cider is made
of it, alone, the fruit is kept for a month before going to the mill. The
tree grows strongly, and rises to rank in the first class in the orchard ;
and is, like most of the cider apples, very seldom attacked by the
American blight. — Rog. Fr. Cult. ill.
507. DICKSON'S GREENING.
A medium sized culinary apple, of roundish shape, green color ; in
use from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 206.
508. DIETZER ROTHE MANDEL REINETTE,
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two
inches and a half high ; round. Skin, bright green, changing as it
ripens to rich golden-yellow, the greater part washed with light red,
which terminates in stripes on the shaded side. Eye, open, with short
segments, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, thin and woody, three
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep russety cavity. Flesh, very
fine, yellowish, firm, juicy, and with a rich, sugary, aromatic, and musky
flavor.
A valuable German dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is ripe in
December, and will keep till summer.
The tree is an excellent grower, attains a large size, and is an
excellent bearer. — Z)iel Kernobst, xxi. 126.
Q 2
3S8 BP.ITISII POMOT.OGY, ETC.
509. DOfiBS'S KERNEL.
Is nearly of the same size .as the Golden Pippin, rather broader at the
.eye, of a golden color ; perhaps, not quite so rich in flavor, but it has the
advantage in growing more freely, and bearing more plentifully, which
it does in clusters at the end of pendulous branches ; it is ripe in Novem-
ber, and will keep till March or April. This is a seedling from the
Golden Pippin, raised by Mr. Dobbs, of Salomons, about four miles from
Gloucester, about the year 1760. — Bon. Pyr. Mai. 35, pi. xviii. f. 1.
510. DOCKER'S SEEDLING.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, ovate shape,
and striped with red ; it is in use from November till January. —
H. S. C. p. 13.
SIL DOCKER'S DEVONSHIRE.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, ovate shape.,
and striped with red ; in use during December and January. — II.. S. C
p. 12.
512. DOCTOR.
SvNONYME. — Dewit ; White Doctor ; Yellow Doctor ; Eed Doctor.
A medium sized des.sert apple of second-rate quality, roundish shapC;,
and striped with yellow and red color ; it is in use from October till
January.—//. S. C. n. 207.
This is an American variety, and a native of Pennsylvania.
513. DOLLAR'S KERNEL.
A small cider apple, of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use
during October and November. — 11. S. C. p. 22.
514. DOMINE.
This apple is extensively planted on the Hudson, and bears a very
close resemblance to the Rambo, which is not so highly colored.
Fruit of medium size, flat. Skin, lively greeni.sh-ycllow in the shade,
with stripes and splashes of bright red in the sun, and pretty large russet
specks. Stalk, long and slender, planted in a wide cavity, and inclining
to one side. Calyx, small, in a broad basin moderately sunk. Flesh,
white, exceedingly tender and juicy, with a sprightly, pleasant, though
not a high flavor.
Young wood of a smooth, lively, light brown, and the trees are the
most rapid grower.'^, and prodigious bearers that are known — the branches
being literally weighed down by the rope-like clusters of fruit. An
American variety, in use from December till April.^ — Down. F/\
Amer. 107.
THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES. 22t>
515. DOMINISKA.
Synonymes. — Herrnapfel ; Gotterapfel.
A very large and durable apple, often five inches in diameter, and
belonging to the Rambour family. It has not only a very rich aroma,
but its flesh is very delicious and agreeable. — Christ Ilandvoorterh^ 34.
It is in use from December till April.
516. DOOjNSIDE.
A Scotch apple peculiar to the Ayrshire orchards, it is of medium
size, and first-rate quality as a dessert apple ; in use from September
till December. The tree is hard}- and productive. — Laws. Cat.
517. DORSETSHIRE REDSTREAK.
A small cider apple, of conical shape, and striped with red ; tree a
good bearer.: — //. S. C. p. 33,
518. DOUCE DE BOLWILLER.
A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, peai-main-shapcd, and
brownish-red color, suitable either for culinary use or cider ; it is in use
during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 216.
519. DOWNTON NONPAREIL.
A medium sized, sharp, rich flavoi*ed apple, of the first-rate qudlity ;
it is of roundish shape, green color, very much covered with russet, and
is in use from December till April. — H. S. C. n, 468.
520. DOYENNE.
A large acid cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color ; in use
from October till January. — H. S. C. n. 218.
521. DREDGE'S QUEEN CHARLOTTE. .
This Is a beautiful middle size apple, of a gold color, with red towards
the sun. This apple is of an exquisite flavor, comes into eating about
Christmas, and keeps till February. — Fors. Treat. 100.
522. DREDGE'S RUSSET.
This is a small apple, of a greenish russet color, and of a pleasant
flavor. It is I'ipe in November, and keeps till Midsummer. — Fors.
Treat. 99.
523. DUCHESS OF YORK'S FAVORITE.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, yellow,
and red color, and is in use during November and DecembeA^ — H. S'. Cf,
p. 14.
230 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
524. DUTCH FULWOOD.
Stnontme. — Late Fulwood.
A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality, oblong shape, and green
color ; it is in use from December till May. — H. S. C. p. 16.
525. DYMMOCK RED.
This is under the middle size, of a fine red color, intermixed with a
little yellow on the side from the sun, it is ripe in January, and keeps
till March. — Fors. Treat. 100.
526. EARLY JOE.
An American dessert apple, of medium size, first-rate quality, and
ripe in September. — Riv. Cat.
527. EARLY MARROW.
A large cream -colored Scotch apple, of globular form, but contracted
towards the eye, and with rather strong ribs ; the stalk slender, and
deeply inserted. The fruit is tender and bakes well. It bears well, and
is in use in September and October. — Bon. Pi/r. Mai. 7. pi. vi. f. 4.
528. EARLY NEW-YORK.
This fruit is more long than round, of a light green color, slightly
tinged with red. The pulp is breaking, with much pleasant juice. As
the fruit ripen gradually, they may be gathered as wanted, for some
time. It ripens about the end of August. The tree is a good bearer
in any shape. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 34.
529. EARLY POMEROY.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of conical
shape, striped with red, and ripe in October. — H. S. C. p. 32.
530. EARLY RED.
A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, and red
color ; it is in use during September and October. — II. S, C. n. 231.
531. EARLY STRAWBERRY.
Stnontme. — • American Ked Juneating.
A beautiful variety, which is said to have originated in the neighbour-
hood of New-York, and appears in the markets there about the middle
of July. Its sprightly flavor, agreeable perfume, and fine appearance,
place it among the very finest summer apples. It is quite distinct from
the Early Red Margaret, which has no fragrance, and a short stem.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 231
Fruit, roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin, smooth, and fair,
finely striped and stained with bright and dark red on a yellowish-white
ground. Stalk, an inch and a half long, rather slender and uneven,
inserted in a deep cavity. Calyx, rather small, in a shallow, narrow
basin. Flesh, white, slightly tinged with red next the skin, tender, sub-
acid, and very sprightly and brisk in flavor, with an agreeable aroma. —
Down. Fr. Amer. 73.
532. EDEL KONIG.
Stnontme. — Roi Tres Noble.
Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches high »
calville-shaped. Skin, yellowish-green, but for the most part covered
with beautiful crimson, which, on the side next the sun, is of a deep
purple, approaching to black. Eye, closed, with long green segments,
set in a shallow, ribbed, and plaited basin, round which are eight or
ten prominent ribs, which extend down the sides even to the stalk,
which render the form of the fruit very irregular. Stalk, thick, and
often very fleshy, an inch to an inch and a half long, inserted in a deep,
wide, and russety cavity. ' Flesh, white, tender, juicy, tinged with pink,
of a rich, sugary, and raspberry flavor.
An excellent German culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; it is in use
from October till November. — Diel Kernobst. ii. 1.
533. EDINBURGH CLUSTER.
Synontme. — Sir Walter Blacket's Favorite.
A medium sized kitchen apple of second-rate quality, ovate shape,
and yellov/ color ; it is in use from November till January. — H. S. C.
n. 235.
534. EGGERMONT'S CALVTLLE.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half
high ; oblate. Skin, somewhat unctuous to the feel, of an uniform clear
lemon-yellow color, marked here and there, with lines and figures of
russet. Eye, closed, with long segments, set in a rather deep and ribbed
basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and
russety cavity. Flesh, beautiful white, fine, juicy, marrowy, and of a
rich, sugary, and vinous flavor and aroma.
An excellent and beautiful dessert apple, ripe in November, and con-
tinues during the winter. — Diel Kernobst. vi. B, 3.
535. ELDON PIPPIN.
A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of roundish
shape ; yellow, with brownish-red color ; and in use from January till
April— ^. S. a n. 236.
38^ BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
536. EMBROIDERED. APPLE.
This is pretty large, and the stripes of red, very broad, from which
circumstance it takes its name. It is commonly used as a kitchen apple,
and is ripe in October. — Fors. Treat. 101.
537. EMBROIDERED PIPPIN.
Stnonyme. — Eeinette Brodee.
A gmall dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of roundish shape,
yellow color, embroidered with russety veins, and is in use from Novem-
ber till January.— R S. C. n. 238.
538. ENGLISCHE GRANAT REINETTE.
Stnonyme. — Poniine Granate.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two
inches and a half high ; oblato-cylindrical. Skin, smooth, of a clear
lemon-yellow ground color, but washed iaver two-thirds of the surface
with beautiful crimson, which is indistinctly striped. Eye, pretty well
closed with short segments, set in a pretty wide, and rather shallow basin,
which is somewhat bossed. Stalk, thin and woody, three quarters of an
inch long, inserted in a deep russety cavity, with one, and sometimes two
fleshy protuberances. Flesh, yellowish-white, very fine, firm, crisp, and
juicy, of a very rich, aromatic, vinous, and sugary flavor, very similar
to the Golden Pippin.
A first-rate German dessert apple, ripe in December, and continues
in use during the spring.
The tree is not a large grower, being only middle sized ; but it is a
great bearer. — Diet Kernohst. xi. 134,
539. EVERLASTING.
Stnonyme. — Everlasting Striped.
This is below the middle size, of a conical shape. The color is a
striped green towards the footstalk, and red towards the eye, it is of
third-rate quality ; in use from January till May. — Fors. Treat. 101.
540. FAIR MAID OF FRANCE.
A medium sized, roundish, and striped apple, of inferior qualit}'. —
H. S. C. p. i5. .
541. FALLAWATER.
An American variety, of second-rate quality. It is rather large,
regularly formed, and ovato-conical; of a green and brownish-red color;
and a very good and productive variety, possessing in some degree a
Newtown Pippin flavor. It is in use in January, and suitable either for
table or kitchen use.—//. S. C. n. 242.
THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES. 233
542. FAME.
A Scotch apple, peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, but not a common
variety.— 3/. C. H. S. iv. 472.
543. FARTHING'S PIPPIN.
A small oblate, and green apple, of inferior quality ; in use in Novem-
ber—//, s. a p. 15.
544. FLAT ANDERSON.
A Scotch variety, peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, but rare. The
fruit is of capital quality, and the tree an excellent bearer, middle sized
and hardy. Only one tree in the orchard at Gourdiehill. — M. C. H. S.
iv. 472.,
645. FLAT NONPAREIL.
Differs from the Old Nonpareil, only in being of a flatter shape, and
in not keeping so long; but it is a very nice juicy apple. In eating,
December, January, and February. The tree grows free of canker, and
bears well. — Ron. Fyr. Mai. 68, pi. xxxiv. f. 6.
546. FLETCHER'S KERNEL.
A medium sized dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish
shape, yellow color, and is in use from November to January. — IT. S. C.
n. 252.
547. FLEUR DE PRAIREAL.
A medium sized, cider apple, of oblate shape, greenish-yellow color;
and in-use from November till January. — ff. ,S. C. n. 255.
548. FORFAR PIPPIN.
A small dessert apple of first-rate quality, very excellent, and Tcry
late ; in use from January till June. — JRiv. Cat
549. FORMOSA NONPAREIL.
This variety was raised in the garden of Samuel Young, at Formosa
Place, near Maidenhead, and is an extraordinary fine apple, combining
the flavor of the Nonpareil and Golden Pippin. Ilort. Trans, iii. 322. .
550. FLOWER OF THE TOWN..
Stnontmes. — ^Flowery Town ; Red-Streak, of Backhouse of York.
A medium sized, second-rate culinary apple, it is of a roundish shape,
striped with red, and in use from September to November, but is of
indifferent quality, though a good bearer. — H. S. C. p. 16.
234 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
551. FRENCH CODLIN.
A large culinary apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a conical sliape>
yellow color ; and is in use during August and September. — H. S. C.
n. 156.
552. FRENCH RUSSET.
Synonymes. — rrench Reinette ; French Pippin.
A medium sized culinary apple, of roundish shape, covered with
russet ; and in use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 739.
553. FRENCH SPANIARD.
This is a large apple, in form of a hexagonal prism, with the angles a
little rounded, and of a yellowish-green color ; it is a pretty good apple,
and keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat, n. 102.
554. GAESDONKER GOLD REINETTE.
Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and
two inches high ; oblate. Skin, thin, pale straw-colored at first, but
changing by keeping, to golden-yellow, and washed with pale red on
the side exposed to the sun ; it is covered with numerous dots, which
are dark crimson on the sunny side, and where much shaded, marked
with russet. Eye, partially closed, with long pointed segments, set in a
pretty deep cavity. Stalk, woody, sometimes very short, but at others,
an inch long, inserted in a very deep and russety cavity. Flesh, white,
yellowish, very fine, firm, and juicy, with a rich, aromatic, sugary, and
vinous flavor, like that of the Golden Pippin.
A valuable German dessert apple, ripe in December, and continues
in use during the spring. — Diel Kernobst. i. B. 59.
555. GARGEY PIPPIN.
This is a handsome conical-shaped apple, under the middle size, of a
greenish-yellow color, with a little red towards the sun. This is a pretty
good apple, and keeps till May. — Fors. Treat. 103.
55Q. GENERAL WOLFE.
A large apple resembling the Reinette de Canada. It is of a flattened
conical shape; yellowish-green and brown color; of second-rate quality,
as a kitchen or dessert fruit ; and is in use from November till January.
H. S. a n. 263.
557. GESTREIFTER SOMMER ZIMMETAPFEL.
Synontme. — La Canelle.
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ;
roundish, inclining to oblong. Skin, very thin and shining, covered with
THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 235
bloom when on the tree, straw-white at first, but changes when ripe to
lemon-yellow, and on the side next the sun, it is covered with short,
broken, crimson stripes. Eye, closed, with long woolly segments, and
set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch to an inch and a quarter long,
sometimes fleshy, inserted in a narrow and deep cavity, with occasionally
a fleshy swelling on one side of it. Flesh, yellowish-white, fine, juicy,
marrowy, and very aromatic, with a sugary flavor, mixed with cinnamon.
A very excellent little German dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it
is ripe during August and September.
The tree is a good grower, and an excellent bearer. — Diel Kernobst.
vi. 43.
558. GILLIFLOWER.
A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality, roundish
shape, and striped with red ; it is in use from October till February. —
H. S. a n. 266.
559. GILLIFLOWER PEARMAIN.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, pearmain
shape, yellow and red color ; and in use from November till March. —
H. S. a p. 30.
560. GILPIN.
Synontme — Carthouse.
A handsome cider fruit from Virginia, which is also a very good table
fruit from February till May. A very hardy, vigorous, and fruitful tree.
Fruit, of medium size, roundish-oblong. Skin very smooth and hand-
some, richly streaked with deep red and yellow. Stalk, short, deeply
inserted. Calyx, in a round, rather deep basin. Flesh, yellow, firm,
juicy and rich, becoming tender and sprightly in the spring. — Down.
Fr. Amer. 144.
561. GLANZ REINETTE.
Synontme. — Tyroler Glanzreinette.
Fruit, about medium sized, two inches and a quarter broad, and two
inches high ; roundish, inclining to oblate. Skin, tender, smooth,
varnished and shining, of a beautiful lemon-color when ripe, with a blush
of delicate red on the side next the sun, which is wanting in fruit that
is shaded ; strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, half open, with very
long green segments, set in a moderately deep and plaited basin, which
is surrounded with a few bosses. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch
long, inserted in a rather deep basin, which is lined with fine russet,
Flesh, snow-white, very fine, marrowy, and juicy, with a rich, sugary,
and vinous flavor.
A very beautiful waxen-like apple, of German origin; it is ripe in
December, and continues in use during the spring.
The tree is a very strong grower, forming a beautiful round-headed
tree ; and is very fruitful. A valuable apple. — Diel Kernobst. xi. 78.
236 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC
562. GLORY OF BOUGHTON.
A large culinary apple, of a round figure, yellow color ; and in use
during October.—^. S. C. n. 272.
563. GOLD REINETTE VON BORDEAUX.
Stnontme. — Bordeauer Gold Reinette.
Fruit, xery large ; obtuse pearmain-shaped. Skin, tbin, greenish-
yellow at first, but changing as it ripens to a fine rich yelloAv, on the
side exposed to the sun, it is washed with bright red, and on the shaded
side, it is marked with flakes and figures of russet, the whole surface
covered with grey russety dots. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin.
Stalk, short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined
with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, fine, tender, and juicy, with a
rich, aromatic, and sugary flavor.
A beautiful and very valuable apple ; it is ripe in December, and
keeps till March.
The tree is a good grower, but does not attain a large size. —
Dittrich Handb. i. 419.
564. GOLDEN BALL.
A large culinary apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, yellow
and red color ; and in use during August and September. — H.IS.C. p. 17.
565. GOLDEN GLOUCESTER.
This if. a handsome middle-sized apple, of a flat shape, and a gold
color ; with red towards the sun. This is a good apple, and keeps till
March. — Fo7's. Treat. 104.
BQQ. GOLDEN NONPAREIL.
A small, handsome, dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a round
shape, yellow and russet color ; and is in use from December till
February.—^. S. C. n. 473.
567. GOLDEN WORCESTER.
A small dessert apple, of perfectly spherical shape; a rich golden-
color, very slightly tinged with red ; the eye and stalk, both prominent ; •
the flesh firm, well-flavored, and yellow as the skin. The fruit keeps
till January ; before gathering it has a beautiful effect, appearing like
golden balls, among the leaves of the tree, which are of light airy growth, •
This is also an excellent cider apple. — Boji. Pyr. Mai. 2F>, pi. xiii. f 4.
568.— GRAND SHACHEM.
A showy, lai-ge, dark, blood-red fruit, but rather coarse, and scarcely
worth cultivation. Fruit, very large, roundish, distinctly ribbed, and-
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 23.7
! regular in its outline. Stalk, short and strong, and calyx set m
H well marked basin. Skin, smooth, deep dingy red over the whole
.surface. Flesh, wlute, rather dry, and without much flavor. September.
Down Fr. Amer, 86.
o69.— GRAUCH DOUCE.
A cider apple of large si?;e, round shape, and striped with red ; it is
in use during October and November.—^. S. C. a,. 296.
o70. GREAVES'S PIPPIN.
A large culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in September. — •
Riv. Cat.
571. GREEN.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a round
shape and green color ; keeps very sound from January till June, and is
less acid than the Winter Greening or French Crab, but not so juicy. —
//. S. a n. 299.
572. GREEN BALSAM.
A culinary apple of medium size, roundish shape, yellowish-green
color, and in use during December and January. — fl. S. C. n. 300.
573. GREEN DRAGON.
This is a fine large apple, of an excellent flavor, and pale-green color.
It is rather too large for the table, and is therefore mo.stly used as a kit-
chen apple. It keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 105.
574. GREEN EYELET.
A small cider apple, of roundish figure and green color. — H. S. C. n.
301.
575. GREEN LEADINGTON.
A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of coni-
cal shape, green color, and in use during September and October. —
//. jS. a n. 400.
576. GREEN EVERLASTING.
A small apple of inferior quality, roundish shape, and green color ; it
is in use during March and April. — H. S. C. p. 18.
577. GREEN LANGLAST.
A scotch apple, much grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie.
The tree i^ a most expellent bca,rer ; fruit of capital quality when kept j
238 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
tree, middle size, bears well. The Green Virgin, the Standard, and
Green Langlast, may be reckoned the most profitable winter apples in
this district.— J/. C. H. S. iv. 471.
578. GREEN VIRGIN.
Tree an excellent bearer ; bears when young ; fruit keeps well, is of
good quality, and of a fine yellow when kept. This is one of the most
valuable apples in the Carse of Gowrie, but only known in Gourdiehill
Orchard ; tree healthy, middle sized. — 31. C. H. S. iv, 471.
579. GREEN WINE
A variety peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, in Perthshire.
Fruit, of excellent quality, tree bears well, but sickly when old. —
M. C. H. S. iv. 474.
580. GREY QUEENING.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oval
shape, green and russety color ; and is in use from December till
February.— i?. S. C. n. 609.
581. GRIDDLETON PIPPIN.
This is a large angular-shaped apple, of a green color, with a little
blush towards the sun. It is a baking apple, and keeps till March. —
Fors. Treat. 105.
582. GROSSER EDLER PRINZESSINAPFEL.
Synonyme. — Princesse Noble, ace. Diet.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and about
the same in height ; somewhat conical. Skin, tender, covered with a
bloom when on the tree, and of a pale, waxen, yellowish-green, which
changes to deep yellow color as it ripens ; covered on the side exposed
to the sun, with broken stripes of beautiful crimson, and paler stripes
on the shaded side. Eye, closed, continues long green, set in a moderately
deep basin, which is surrounded Avith plaits, and small warts. Stalk,
very short and stout, sometimes only a fleshy knob, and set in a deep,
wide, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm,
juicy, and of a very pleasant, strong cinnamon, vinous, and sugary
flavor.
A very excellent Dutch apple, of first-rate quality ; it is ripe in
November, and continues during the winter.
The tree is a good grower, but does not attain over the middle size,
and is an early and excellent bearer. — Diel Kernobst. xi 24.
583. GROSSE RHEINISCHER BOHNAPFEL.
Fruit, large, three inches broad, and the same in height ; somewhat
conical. Skin, smooth, tender, greenish-yellow at first, but changing by
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 239
keeping to clear pale yellow, and on the side exposed to the sun, it is
marked with pale red stripes, mixed with darker red. Eye, open, set
in a rather shallow and wide basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, sometimes
only a fleshy knob, and set in a shallow and russety cavity. Flesh, very
white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a somewhat aromatic and sweet flavor,
without any acid.
An excellent German culinary apple," ripe in January, and continuing
in use till July.
The tree is a strong and good grower, very beautiful, with fine dark
green, and shining foliage ; it is a good bearer. — Diel Kernobst. i. 220.
584. HAMPSHIRE NONESUCH.
This is a pretty large, well-shaped apple, of a greenish-yellow color,
streaked with red, it keeps till the latter end of November. — Fors.
Treat. 106.
585. HAMPSTEAD SWEETING.
A middle sized cider apple, of ovate shape, and green and yellow
color.— IT. S. C. p. 19.
586. HAGGERSTON PIPPIN.
A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish
shape, green and red color, and is in use from November till April. —
H. S. C. n. 318.
587. HARRISON.
New Jersey is the most celebrated cider making district in America,
and this apple which originated in Essex county of that state, has long
enjoyed the highest reputation as a cider fruit. Ten bushels of
these apples make a barrel of cider. The tree grows thrivingly,
and bears very large crops. It is of medium size, and ovate shape,
yellow color, rich flavor, and producing a high colored cider of great
body. The fruit is very free from rot, falls easily from the tree about
the first of November, and keeps well. The best cider of this variety,
is worth from six to ten dollars a barrel, in New-York. — Down. Fr.
Amer. 145.
588. HARRISON'S NEWARK.
A small cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow and red color. —
H. S. C.p. 19.
589. HARVEY'S RUSSET.
A Cornish apple. This is a large russet-colored apple, with a little
red towards the sun. This is a famous kitchen fruit, and tolerably good
raw. It has a musky flavor. — Fors. Treat. 106.
S
'MO BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
590. HAY'S EARLY.
A culinary apple, of medium size, oblate shape, and yellow striped
with red color, it is ripe iu August. — II. S. C. n. 325.
591. HEDGE APPLE.
A new fruit of middle sized, and handsome conical shape, red towards
the sun, and a straw-color on the other side. This apple is of a tolerably
good flavor, and keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 107.
592. HEREFORDSHIRE MONSTER.
A small cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color ; in use in
December.—^. S. C. p. 19.
593. HENRY'S WEEPING PIPPIN.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oval shape,
yellow color, and in use from December till February. — H. S. C, n. 330.
594. HILL'S SEEDLING.
A Scotch apple raised in the Carse of Gowrie. It is rather large,
roundish and flattened, of a pale-green color, with a tinge of red next
the sun. It is a good early culinary apple, in use from the end of
August till October. The tree has much of the habit and appearance
of the Hawthornden, and quite as good a bearer.
595. HOARE'S SEEDLING.
A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, pale green color, with red
next the sun ; and in use during December and January. — //. S. C.
n. 335.
596. HOGSHEAD.
This is a small red fruit, the flesh is red, and the taste austere. This
is a cider apple, ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 108.
There seems to be another variety known by this name, which is
described in the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, as of a greenish-
yellow color, and ovate shape.
597. HOLLOW-EYED REINETTE.
This is a Cornish variety. It is a handsome flat-shaped apple, imder
the middle size ; of a greenish-yellow color, sometimes intermixed with
russet. This fruit is of an excellent flavor, and keeps till April. —
Fors. Treat. 107.
598. HOME'S LARGE.
A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, and striped with red ; it is
in use from October till December. — H. S. C, n. 342.
THE APPLE. — ITS VAPvIETIES. 241
599. HORSLIN.
A dessert apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an
ovate shape, pale yellow color, and is in use during November, and
December.—^. S. C. p. 20.
600. HOUSE.
Synonyme. — Grey House.
A small cider apple, of an oval shape, green on the shaded side, and
red on the other ; it is in use in January. — H. S. C. n. 344.
601. HOW'S PIPPIN.
A dessert apple, of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an
oblate shape, skin covered with russet, and in use from October till
December.—^. S. C. n. 345.
602. HUBBARDSTON NONESUCH.
A fine large early winter fruit, which originated in the town of
Hubbardstone, Massachusetts, and is of first-rate quality. The tree is
a vigorous grower, forming a handsome branching head, and bears very
large crops. It is worthy of extensive orchard culture.
Fruit, large, roundish-oblong, much narrower near the eye. Skin,
smooth, striped with splashes, and irregular broken stripes of pale, and
bright red, which nearly cover a yellowish ground. The calyx, open,
and the stalk short, in a russeted hollow. Flesh, yellow, juicy, and
tender, with an agreeable mingling of sweetness, and acidity in its flavor.
October to January. — Down. Fr. Amer. 113.
603. HULBERT'S PRINCESS ROYAL.
A seedling from the Golden Harvey, but larger ; flesh more tender,
and equally rich. It is a small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; and
ripe in May. — Riv. Cat.
604. HULBERT'S VICTORIA.
A rich and excellent dessert apple, of small size, first-rate quality,
and in use from April till May. — Riv. Cat.
605. HUNT'S ROYAL NONPAREIL.
Of medium size, roundish and somewhat flattened. Skin, yellowish-
green, marked with russet. Flesh, rich, sugary, and highly flavored.
This is said to be quite distinct from Hunt's Duke of Gloucester, with
which Lindley makes it synonymous. — Maund Fruit. 25.
606. HUNTINGFORD.
A medium sized culinary apple, of conical shape, and very bright red
color ; it is in use from January till April. — H. S. C. p. 20.
R
242 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
607. HUTCHINSON'S SPOTTED.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape ;
skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use during
November and December. — H. S. C. n. 349.
608. INCOMPARABLE.
A large kitchen apple of a roundish and flattened shape, prominently
ribbed on the sides, skin, greenish-yellow, it is ripe in October. — If. S. C.
n. 351.
609. IRON APPLE.
A small apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for kitchen or
dessert use, it is of a green and brownish color, and keeps for twelve
months. — II. S. C. p. 21.
610. IVES'S SEEDLING.
A culinary apple of the middle size, and second-rate quality ; it is of
a roundish shape, striped with red, and is in use from November till
January.—^. S. C. p. 21.
611. JACK CADE.
A variety met with in some of the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The
fruit is very acid, would do for cider, or for giving pungency to tarts. —
M. a H. S. iv. 473.
612. JACKSON'S PIPPIN.
Synonymk. — Middleton Pippin.
A small early apple, but only of third-rate quality, it is of a roundish-
oblate shape, yellow color, and is ripe in August. — H. S. C. p. 21.
613. JEFFREYS'S SEEDLING.
A variety raised by Jeffreys, of the Brompton Park nursery, nearly a
hundred years ago. It is a large kitchen apple, of oblate shape, yellow
color, and is in use from October till January. — H. S. C. n. 363.
614. JENNY SINCLAIR.
A Scotch dessert apple, of medium size, roundish shape, and brownish-
red color.— iy. S. a ^.21.
615. JERSEY.
A small cider apple, of conical shape, red color, and in use during
November and December. A bitter-sweet. — H. S. C. ip. 21.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 243
616. JOHN APPLE.
A small cider apple, of first-rate quality, it is pearmain-shaped ; skin,
greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun ; it
is in use from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 366.
617. JONATHAN.
The Jonathan is a very beautiful dessert apple, and its great beauty,
good flavor, vigorous growth, and productiveness, unite to recommend it
to orchard planters.
Fruit, of medium size ; regularly formed, roundish-ovate or tapering
to the eye. Skin, thin and smooth, the ground clear light yellow, nearly
covered by lively red stripes, and deepening into brilliant, or dark red
in the sun. Stalk, three-fourths of an inch long, rather slender, inserted
in a deep regular cavity. Calyx, set in a deep, rather broad basin.
Flesh, white, rarely a little pinkish, very tender and juicy, with a mild
sprightly flavor. This fruit evidently belongs to the Spitzemburgh class.
November to March. The original tree is growing on the farm of
Mr. Philip Rick, of Kingston, New- York. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 113.
618. JORDBAERAEBLE.
A Danish variety, of medium size, and for dessert use. It is of an
ovate shape, striped with red, and is ripe during August and September.
H. S. a n. 369.
619. KANTET JORDBAERAEBLE.
A Danish variety, for kitchen use. It is round, with prominent ribs
on the sides, and of a red color. — II. S. C. n. 370.
620. KEDDLESTON PIPPIN.
A Derbyshire table apple, of middle size, straw-color, slightly russeted,
of a globular shape, rather pointed towards the eye, it is a highly
flavored juicy fruit, and has the peculiar property of keeping in perfection
from October till January. The tree grows well and bears freely. —
Bon. Pyr. Mai. 26, pi. xiii. f 7.
621. KENTISH CODLIN.
A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a conical shape,
greenish -yellow color, and is ripe during August and September. —
M. S. C. n. 157.
622. KERNEL PEARMAIN.
This is a small handsome apple, red towards the sun, and of a
yellowish-green, mixed with red on the other side. It is of a good
flavor, and keeps till the middle of May. — Fors. Treat. 109.
R 2
244 ■nRITISIT rOMOLOGY, ETC
G23. KENRICK'S AUTUMN.
Synonyme. — Kenrick's Red Autumii.
A handsome apple, of second quality. Fruit, large, roundish, much
flattened at the base. Stalk, long, projecting beyond the fruit a good
deal, set in a close cavity. Skin, pale yellowish-green, striped and
stained with bright red. Flesh, white, a little stained with red, tender,
juicy, and of a sprightly acid flavor. September. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 87.
This variety originated on the farm of John Kenrick, Esq., in Newton,
Massachusetts.
624. KERNEL RED STREAK.
This is of a greenish-yellow, with broad streaks of a dark red alt
over it, and a yellow ground finely speckled with red next the sun. —
Fors. Treat. 109.
625. KESTON PIPPIN.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of round shape,
red and yellow color, and in use from October till December. — H. S. C.
p. 22.
626. KILKENNY CODLIN.
A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a round shape,
yellow color, and is ripe during August and September. — IT. S. C. n. 159.
627. KING HARRY.
A middle sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is pearmain-
shaped, with a russety skin ; and is in use from November till January. —
H. S. a n. 382.
628. KING ROBERT.
A Scotch apple, cultivated in some orchards of the Carse of Gowrie,
but not commonly met with. It is a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
629. KING WILLIAM.
Raised from Dumelow's Seedling. Large, conical, yellow, dotted*with
russet; a most excellent culinary variety, in use from October till
April. — Mid. Flor.
630. KIRKE'S GOLDEN PIPPIN.
Synonymes. — New Golden Pippiu ; New Cluster Golden Pippin ; Dredge's
Golden Pippin.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, and
yellow color. It is in use from December till March. A. great bearer,
but inferior in quality to the Golden Pippin. — //. S. C. n. 286.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. ^45
631. KIRTON PIPPIN.
Stnontme. — Cracked Pippin.
This is a middle sized apple, of a greenish-yellow color, with little
dark spots. The coat is generally rough towards the footstalk. This is
a good apple for the table, and comes into eating in September. —
Fors. Treat. 111.
632. KNIGHT'S LARGE.
A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, yellow on the shaded side,
and red next the sun ; it is in use during September and October. —
H. S. C, n. 387.
633. KNIGHT'S LEMON PIPPIN.
A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary
use, or the dessert. It is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in
use from November till February. — H. S. C. n. 407.
634. KNOTTED KERNEL.
A small cider apple of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use
during October and November. — H. S. C. n. 379.
635. KNOTTED NORMAN.
A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, striped with red, and
in use from December till February. — ff. S, C. p. 28.
636. KONIGS REINETTE.
Synoxtme. — Reinette Doree Royale.
A very beautiful, long-keeping, dessert apple, it is oblate and
ribbed on the sides, and round the eye like a Calville, and rather above
medium size, being three inches wide, and two and a half high. The
skin, when ripe, is of a fine lemon-color, with a fine blood-red cheek on
one side. The flesh is yellowish-white, very fine, firm, and very juicy,
with a rich, vinous, and sugary flavor. It ripens in December, and
continues throughout the summer, without shrivelling. — Diel Kernobst.
ii. B. 127.
637. KRAPPE KRUIN.
A middle sized culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of conical
shape, and covered with russet ; and is in use from October till March. —
H. S. C. n. 390.
638. KRAUTER REINETTE.
A medium sized, very valuable, and highly flavored German dessert
apple. It is two inches high, and two and a half broad ; roundish.
246 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
The skin is tender and smooth, pale bright green when on the tree, but
changing during winter, to a beautiful rich yellow, with a little green
intermixed. Eye, half open, set in a wide, deep, saucer-like basin.
Stalk, an inch long, woody, but sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep
cavity, lined with fine russet. Flesh, white, very fine, juicy, marrowy,
and with a powerful aromatic and sugary flavor. Ripe in December and
continues in use during the whole of the summer. — Diel Kernobst.
xi. 114.
639. KRIZAPFEL.
A Russian apple, somewhat transparent. It is of medium size, second-
rate quality, and suitable for the dessert ; its form is conical, the skin,
pale green, and is in use during December. — H. S. C. n. 391.
640. LADIES' SWEETING.
The I^adies' Sweeting, we consider the finest winter sweet apple for the
dessert, yet known or cultivated in this country (America.) Its handsome
appearance, delightful perfume, sprightly flavor, and the long time in
which it remains in perfection, render it universally admired wherever
it is known, and no garden should be without it.
The fruit is large, roundish-ovate. Skin, very smooth, covered with
red next the sun, but pale yellowish-green in the shade, with broken
stripes of pale red. Flesh, greenish-white, exceeding tender, juicy, and
crisp, with a delicious, sprightly, agreeably perfumed flavor. Keeps
without shrivelling, or losing its flavor till May. — Dotvn. Fr. Amer. 136.
641. LADY LENNOX.
Large and handsome, lemon-colored, pale red next the sun, and
striped with deeper red. An excellent culinary apple, in use from
November till April. It was raised from the Rymer, and is a favorite
variety in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. — Mid. Flor.
642. LADY LOUISA PIPPIN.
A small apple, of inferior quality, oblate shape, and pale yellow color,
it is in use during December. — H. S. C. p. 23.
643. LADY OF THE WEMYSS.
A large and handsome Scotch apple, of first-rate quality, suitable
either for culinary or dessert use, it is of a roundish shape, pale green
on the shaded side, but red next the sun ; and is in use from October
till January. The tree is hardy, and a good bearer. — Laws. Cat.
644. LANCASHIRE GAP.
Stnonyme. — Shirellng.
A medium sized culinary apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and
in use from November till February. — H. S. C. n. 393.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 247
645. LANCASHIRE WITCH.
A handsome culinary apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ;
it is of an oblate shape, yellow on the shaded side, but red towards the
sun ; and is in season from October to December. — //. S. C. n. 394.
646. DE LANDE.
Stnonyme — Fleur de Prairial.
A large culinary apple of oblong shape, striped with red, and in use
during September and October. — H. S. C. n. 395.
647. LARGE LEADINGTON.
A large kitchen apple, of oblong shape, and green color. — JI. S. C.
n. 402.
648. LAWMAN'S.
A medium sized dessert apple of second-rate quality, it is of an ovate
shape, yellow color, with brownish-red towards the sun ; and is in use
from March till June.— ^. S. C. n. 399.
649. LAWRENCE'S NEW WHITE PIPPIN.
A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, conical shape, pale
green color, and in use from December till February. — II. S. C. p. 23.
650. LEITHEIMER STREIFLING.
Stnonyme. — Kaiserheimer.
Fruit, large, three inches high, and the same broad ; somewhat coni-
cal. Skin, shining, bright green, which changes when ripening to
deep lemon-yellow, covered all over with shining carmine, which is
darker on the side next the sun, and paler on the shaded side ; on this
red there are beautiful crimson stripes, which are dazzling to the eyes.
Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and much ribbed basin. Stalk, three
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, deep, and russety cavity.
Flesh, beautiful white, somewhat redish, very fine, but not juicy, and of
a rich, aromatic, sweet, and vinous flavor. Ripe in December and
continues during the spring and summer. — Diet Kernobst. viii. 186.
651. LEMON APPLE.
A medium sized, second-rate dessert apple, it is of roundish shape,
yellow color, and is in use during December and January. — H. S. C.p. 23.
This is not the same as the Lemon Pippin. — H.
652. LEYDEN PIPPIN.
A good early dessert apple, of medium size, and first-rate quality,
resembling the White Astrachan. It is of a roundish-shape ; skin, pale
248 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
green, with red towards the sun ; ripe during August and September.
The tree is a great bearer. — H. S. C. n. 408.
653. LITTLE BEAUTY.
This is a small table apple, spherical, a little flattened ; yellow with
a brownish tinge on the suu side, and sprinkled with dark points, it is
of a rich flavor, but rather dry. The tree grows upright, and bears so
abundantly, as sometimes to cause barrenness the succeeding season.
The fruit has the peculiar good quality of adhering so firmly to the
branches, that the wind scarcely ever dislodges it. It will keep through
the winter, and is well worth cultivating. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 25, pi.
xiii. f. 5.
654. LITTLE HERBERT.
A variety cultivated in the districts round Gloucester, it is a small,
round apple, of a brown russety color, and though not of a first-rate
quality, is a good flavored dessert fruit. The tree is a shy bearer. In
use from December till February. — H.
655. LITTLE HOLLOW CROWN.
Synonyme. — Diepe Kopjis.
A small apple, of second-rate quality, oval shape, yellow color, and in
use during November and December. — H. S. C. p. 23.
656. LOCK'S SEEDLING.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an ovate
shape, striped with red, and in use during December and January. —
JI. S. C.p. 23.
657. LONG LASTER.
This is a middle sized apple, of an angular shape, and fine yellow
color, with a beautiful red next the sun. It is of a tolerable flavor, and
keeps till the middle of May, but is apt to be meally. — Fors. Treat. 112.
658. LONG SEAM.
This is a large angular-shaped baking apple, of a pretty good flavor,
and light green color ; it keeps till the latter end of January — Fors.
Treat. 113.
659. LORD BATEMAN'S DUMPLING,
A large kitchen apple, of conical shape, yellow color, and in use from
November till January. — H. S. C. n. 412.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 249
660. LORD CHENEY'S GREEN.
This is a middle sized Yorkshire apple, resembling the Yorkshire
Greening ; it is of a dark green color, with a little of a chocolate color
next the sun. This is a baking apple, and keeps till the middle of
M2Ly.—Fors. Treat 113.
661. LUCAS'S PIPPIN.
This is a handsome, middle sized, cylindrical-shaped apple ; and of a
beautiful orange color. A pretty good fruit, and keeps till the latter
end of April. — Fors. Treat. 113.
662. MACBETH.
A Scotch variety found in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, but rare.
The tree is a good bearer. — 31. C. H. S. iv. 474. •
663. MACLEAN.
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree gets
diseased when old, requires to be planted in ground new to fruit trees ;
fruit keeps well, of excellent quality, and weighs exceedingly heavy. —
31. C. H. S. iv. 472.
664. MACLEAN'S FAVORITE.
A variety of the highest excellence as a dessert fruit, it is of medium
size, and roundish shape ; skin, of a yellow color ; and in use from
October till January. — H. S. C. n. 419.
665. MAGGIE DUNCAN.
A Scotch apple, grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. Tree
an excellent bearer ; a valuable orchard apple, though not commonly
cultivated ; fruit, very sweet. — 31. C. B. S. iv. 474.
666. MAIDEN.
A Scotch apple, raised by Mr. Brown, of the Perth nursei-y. Tree,
an excellent bearer ; fruit, very acid ; but one of the best kitchen
apples that grows, does not keep well. — 31. C. H. S. iv. 474.
667. MALTSTER.
A Nottinghamshire apple, for kitchen use. It is a very fine variety,
and is in use just before the late-keeping kinds. The tree is a great
bearer, and a free grower. — 3Iid. Flor.
668. MANSFIELD TART.
This is a large Nottingham apple, but most known in Yorkshire. It
is handsome, and of a green color, having a little cast of a brownish-red
950 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
with dark spots next the sun. A baking apple and keeps till February.
Fors. Treat. 114.
669. MARGATE NONPAREIL.
This very much resembles the Nonpareil in size, in shape, and even
in color, except that the yellow predominates over the green, more than
in the Nonpareil. The flesh is yellowish, intermixed with green, juicy,
rich, and high flavored. It will keep six weeks in perfection, and is an
excellent intermediate fruit, between the summer and winter Nonpareils.
It was raised by John Boys, Esq., in his garden, at Margate, from seed
of the Old Nonpareil. — Hort, Trans, v. 268.
670. MARMORIRTER SOMMERPEPPING.
A medium sized, ovate, culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is
red and striped, and is ripe in September. — H. S. C. n. 430.
671. MARYGOLD PIPPIN.
A medium sized apple of inferior quality, it is of an ovate shape,
yellow color, and in use during October and November. — H. S. C. p. 25.
672. MASTERS'S SEEDLING.
A good Kentish apple, in use from November till February. The
fruit is above the middle size, and of a regular round shape ; color dark
green, tinged with red on one side, but yellow when ripe, the pulp is
very firm, and charged with a fine, agreeable, acid juice. The tree is of
robust growth, hardy, and not liable to blight, and well deserves the
character of being a first-rate bearer, of the first class in the orchard. —
Bog. Fr. Cult. 52.
673. MASON'S WHITE.
Stnontme. — Mason's Early.
A medium sized early dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a
conical shape, pale yellow color, and is ripe during August — H. S. C.
n. 432.
674. MASS AVIS.
Stnonyme. — Pomme d'ltalie.
A small cider apple, of ovate shape, and green color, with brown
towards the sun, the tree is a good bearer. — H. S. C. n. 433.
675. MAY GENNET.
This is rather under the middle size, of a greenish-yellow color,
slightly streaked with red next the sun. This apple keeps till April. —
Fors. Treat. 114.
THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 251
676. MENONISTEN REINETTE.
A very beautiful, and important German dessert apple ; it is above the
middle size, and of a roundish flattened shape, the skin is yellow, with
a dark flush on the side next the sun, and considerably marked with
russet. The flesh is very fine, firm, and juicy, and of a very good
aromatic, and vinous flavor. Ripe in December and continues during
the spring. — Diel Kernobst. x. 169.
677. MERMAID.
A Scotch apple, cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie, but
is not common. The fruit keeps well, and is of good quality. —
M. a H. S. iv. 474.
678. MERVEILLE DE PORTLAND.
A medium sized culinary apple of inferior quality, it is of a conical
shape, yellow color, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. p. 25.
679. MICHAEL HENRY PIPPIN.
A New Jersey fruit, a native of Monmouth county, first described by
Coxe, and highly esteemed in many parts of the middle states of
America. It is of medium size, roundish-oblong, or ovate, somewhat
like the Newtown Pippin. Skin, of a lively green color. Flesh, yellow,
tender, juicy, and high flavored ; In use from November till March. —
Down. Fr. Amer. 118.
680. DE MICHE.
A small cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and ripe in
December. — H. S. C. p. 25.
681. MILLER'S GLORY.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an
ovate shape, striped with red, and in use during December and
January.—//. S. C. n. 438.
682. MOGG'S LONG KEEPER.
A middle sized cider apple, of an oblate shape, striped with red, and
in use from January till March. — //. <S. C. p. 24.
683. MOLLET'S GUERNSEY PIPPIN.
This is a small dessert fruit, of second-rate quality, resembling the
Golden Harvey. It is of an oblate shape, yellow color ; the flesh is
yellow, crisp, juicy, and very highly flavored ; in use from December
till February. — Hort. Trans, iv. 524.
252 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
684. MOORHEN PIPPIN.
A dessert apple, in high estimation in Hampshire. It is of middle
size, pea-green color, vai-igated with scarlet blotching, and some russet ;
firm in substance, and rich in flavor, keeps well till April. A great
bearer, and grows well. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 64, pi. xxxii. f. 7.
685. MONSTROUS LEADINGTON.
Synonime. — Green Codlin.
This is a very large fruit, and of first-rate quality for kitchen use,
its shape is oblong, and the color green ; it is in use from October till
January. The tree is a good bearer, healthy, and rather large ; fruit
keeps well.— ^. S. C. n. 403.
686. MONSTROUS RENNET.
This is a very large apple, of an oblong shape, turning red towards
the sun, and of a dark green on the other side. It is generally preserved
on account of its magnitude, as the flesh is apt to be meally. It ripens
in October. — Fors. Treat. 115.
687. MORDEN BLOOM.
A medium sized kitchen apple of inferior quality, it is of an oblate
shape, yellow and red color, and ripens during August and September. —
H. S. a p. 25.
688. MORDEN ROUND.
A small dessert apple of third-rate quality, it is round and handsome,
of a yellow color, and russeted, keeps from December till March. —
H. S. a n. 445.
689. MORDEN STRIPED.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a
roundish shape, striped with red, and in use from November till
January.—^. S. C. n. 446.
690. MOSS'S INCOMPARABLE.
A large apple of first-rate quality, either as a dessert or culinary fruit.
It is a very late keeper, being in use from April till June. — JRiv. Cat.
691. MOTHER APPLE.
A small cider apple of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use in
December. A bitter sweet. — H. S. C. n. 448.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES.
692. MOTHER RENNET.
This is rather under the middle size, of a greenish color, with a
little blush towards the sun, the eye is large and deep, and the footstalk
is small. — Fors. Treat. 115.
693. MOUNT STEWART.
A large kitchen apple, of oblate shape, green on one side, and red
on the other, and in use from November till January. — //. IS. C. p. 26.
694. MOULIN A VENT.
A medium sized cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use
during December. — II. S. C. n. 449.
695. MOUSE APPLE.
An American variety which originated in Ulster county, on the west
bank of the Hudson. It is there one of the most popular winter fruits,
being considered by some superior to the Rhode Island Greening, and
it deserves extensive trial elsewhere.
Fruit, light in weight ; in size large ; roundish-oblong, or slightly
conical. Skin, pale greenish-yellow when ripe, with a brownish blush
on one side, marked with a few russety grey dots. Stalk, three quarters
of an inch long, rather slender, not deeply inserted. Calyx, closed,
and set in a narrow basin, slightly plaited at the bottom. Flesh, very
white, and fine-grained, and moderately juicy, with a sprightly, delicate,
and faintly perfumed flavor. — Down Fr. Amer. 117.
696. MOXHAY PIPPIN.
A small apple of inferior quality, it is of a conical shape, pale yellow
color, and is ripe in October. — H. S. C. p. 26.
697. MUNSTER PIPPIN.
A large kitchen apple, it is of a conical shape, pale green color, and
in use from October till January. — H. S. C. p. 26.
698. MURPHY.
This is an agreeable, pearmain-flavored apple, strongly resembling
indeed tlie Blue Pearmain. It is a seedling raised by Mr. D. Murphy,
of Salem, Massachusetts. Fruit, pretty large, roundish-oblong. Skin,
pale red, streaked with darker red, and marked with blotches of the
same color. Calyx, set in a narrow basin. Flesh, white, tender, with
an agreeable, rather rich flavor. November to February. — Doion. Fr.
Amer. 118.
699. MUSCAT REINETTE.
Stnonyme. — Eeinette Musquee.
This is a middle sized, exquisite, and valuable German dessert apple.
254 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
It is of a somewhat conical shape. The skin is of a beautiful yellow-
color, covered over two thirds of its surface with dark crimson stripes.
The flesh is yellowish-white, juicy, and of an exquisite, rich, aromatic,
and sugary flavor, like a mixture of musk, and anise. Ripens in
November, and keeps till the summer. — Diel Kernobst. iii. 169.
700. MY JOE JANET.
A Scotch apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The
tree is a good bearer ; and the fruit of fine quality. — M. C. H. S.
iv. 473.
701. NEWARK KING.
This is an American dessert apple, of the middle size, and second-rate
quality. It is of a pearmain-shape, green color on the shaded side,
and red towards the sun ; it is in use from November till February. —
H. S. a n. 455
702. NEWARK PIPPIN.
Stnontmes. — French Pippin ; Yellow Pippin, of the Americans.
A handsome and very excellent early winter variety, easily known
by the crooked, irregular growth of the tree, and the drooping habit
of the branches.
The fruit is large, roundish-oblong. Skin, greenish-yellow, becoming
a fine yellow when fully ripe, with clusters of small black dots, and
rarely a very faint blush. Calyx, in a regular and rather deep basin.
Stalk, moderately long, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, tender,
very rich, juicy, and highly flavored. November to February. — Down.
Fr. Amer. 121.
703. NEW ENGLAND PIPPIN.
A large angular-shaped apple, of a green color, with a little brownish-
red towards the sun. It has a pretty good flavor, and keeps till
March. — Fors. Treat. 115.
704. NEW HAWTHORNDEN.
A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; in use during December
and January. The fruit is larger, and keeps longer than the old sort,
habit of the tree more robust. — Riv. Cat.
705. NEW NORTHERN GREENING.
A round green apple, of the largest size, said to be a decided improve-
ment on the Northern Greening, from which it was raised. It is in use
from November till April. Cultivated about Nottingham. Tree a great
bearer. — Mid. Flor.
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 265
706. NEW POMEROY.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an
ovate shape, covered with russet, and in use during November and
December.— IT. S. C. n. 591.
707. NEW REINETTE GRISE.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an oblate shape;
skin yellow, covered with russet ; in use from January till March.
Tree a good bearer. — If. S. C, n. 668.
708. NEW WOODCOCK.
A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, striped with red, and
in use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 882.
709. NINE PARTNER'S LITTLE RUSSET.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an oval shape,
green color covered with russet, in use from January till May. —
H. S. C. n. 745.
710. NINE SQUARE.
A Gloucestershire apple. This is a large angular-shaped fruit, of a
fine red towards the sun, and yellow on the other side, with a mixture
of red. Keeps till April. — Fors. Treat. 116.
711. NOBLESSE DE GAND.
A large sauce apple, straw-colored, without stripes, nearly globular,
but contracted towards the eye. It is a firm weighty fruit, rich in
flavor, with a due proportion of acid. A very excellent new sort, in use
January and February. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 49, pi. xxv. f. 2.
712. NONSUCH PARK.
A small dessert apple, resembling the Golden Pippin, and of first-
rate quality, it is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use from
November till February. — H. S. C. n. 494.
713. NORMAN GLASBURY.
A small, ovate, pale yellow apple, for cider use. — H. S. C. n. 270.
714. NORMAN STYRE.
A small cider apple, of a round shape, pale yellow and red color, and
in use from October till December. — II. S. C. p. 28.
256 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
715. NORMANDY' PIPPIN.
A medium sized cider apple, of a roundish shape, the skin is yellow
on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun. — H. S. C. p. 28.
716. NORTHERN SPY.
A very large, handsome, and excellent new American fruit, of the
Spitzemburgh family, which has lately attracted a good deal of notice.
It keeps remarkably well, and is in eating from December till May, and
commands the highest price. The tree is of a rapid and upright growth,
and bears well. It is of a conical shape, and the skin is nearly covered
with dark red, and streaked with purple. — Down. Fr. Amer. 120.
717. NOTTINGHAM.
A medium sized kitchen apple of second-rate quality ; it is of an
ovate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till January. —
H. S. a p. 28.
718. OAK PEG.
Synontme. — Oaken Pin,
This is an oval shaped, middle sized fruit, of a green color, striped
with white. It is very full towards the footstalk, which is small; it
keeps till June. — Fors. Treat. 118.
719. OAKS.
A medium sized conical apple, of inferior quality ; it is striped with
red, and is in use from November till February. — H. S. C. p. 28.
720. OCHILTREE.
A large and handsome Scotch dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it
is roundish, pale green and red color. It is in use from September till
March. — Laws. Cat.
721. OGNON.
A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, green
and red color ; in use during January. — H. S. C. n. 503.
722. OLD PARK PIPPIN.
A small ovate apple, of inferior quality, of a green and red color, in
use from November till January.^. S. C. p. 28.
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. *257
723. OLIVER'S.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an
ablate shape, yellow color, covered with russet, and in use from December
till February.—//. S .C. n. 504.
724. ORANGE.
A middle sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an
oblate shape, yellow color, and in use during October. — H .S .C. p. 28.
725. ORACK ELMA.
A Persian apple. It is a large dessert fruit, of second-rate quality, of
an oblate shape, red color, and in use during October. — H. S. C. n. 505,
726. ORME.
A middle sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an
oblate shape, pale green color, and in use from February till April. —
H. S. C. n. 508.
727. PACK-HORSE.
A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish
shape; skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use
from November till March. — JI. S. C. n. 515.
728. PAINTED LADY.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a
roundish shape, striped with red, and in use during October and
November.—^. S. C. p. 29.
729. PANSON'S PEARMAIN.
A medium sized apple of second-rate quality ; suitable either for
dessert use or for cider. It is of a pearmain shape, green on the shaded
side, red next the sun, and in use from December till March. — H. S. C,
n. 553.
730. PARMENTIER.
A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for dessert
use, or culinary purposes. It is of a conical shape, and the skin is
•covered with russet, it is in season from November till April. — JI. S, C,
n. 523.
731. PARSONAGE PIPPIN.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape,
*he skin is striped with red, and it is in season during November. —
JI. S. a p. 29.
■S
258 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
732. PEAR APPLE.
A small cider apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an obovate shape ;
skin, green, and in use in November. — H. S. C. n. 528,
733. PEARMAIN, BLUE.
The Blue Pearmain is a large and very showy fruit, and is therefore
popular in the New-England markets. The numerous large, russety,
yellow dotSj which are sprinkled over the skin, and the bloom which
overspreads it, mark this apple.
Fruit, of the largest size, roundish, regularly formed, very slightly
conical. Skin, striped, and blotched with dark purplish-red, over a dull
ground, and appearing bluish from the white bloom. Flesh, yellowish,
mild, rather rich and good. October to February. — Down. Fr. Amer,
122.
734. PECKMAN OR PICKMAN.
A fruit of a globular form, and a straw color ; its flavor combined
with a good portion of acidity, is very rich and good. A winter fruit,
fine for the table, or for cooking. A good fruit, and very productive,
and deserving of cultivation.
This is much cultivated by Mr. Ware, at, or near Salem, Massachusetts,
who thinks it a native. — Ken. Amer. Or. 50.
735. PENNOCK'S RED WINTER.
Synonymes. — Pennock's Large Red Winter ; Pennock's Red.
A large kitchen apple, of an oblate shape. Skin, green on the shaded
side, and red next the sun. It is in use from November till March, and
not apt to shrivel. — IT. S. C. n. 570.
This is a native of Pennsylvania, and is there esteemed an excellent
baking apple.
736. PEPIN STEUCHAL.
A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an ovate
shape, the skin striped with red, and in use from November till
January. — JI. S. C. n. 578.
737. PERMANENT.
A large and excellent variety, roundish and ribbed, yellowish-green,
with dingy red next the sun. A good keeper, in use from January till
June. This was raised from the Keswick Codlin, impregnated with
Dumelow's Seedling. It is cultivated about Nottingham — 3Iid. Flor.
738. PETWORTH SEEDLING.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a
roundish shape. Skin, green, covered with brownish-red ; in use from
November till January. — H. S. C. n. 580.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 259
739. PITMASTON NONPAREIL RUSSET.
Stnonyme. — Russet Coated NonparicL
A small dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is of an oblate shape.
Skin, covered with russet ; in use from December till February. Not
handsome, but exceedingly rich, and brisk flavored. — H. S. C. p. 39.
740. PITMINSTER CRAB.
A small cider apple, of inferior quality, it is of an ovate shape.
Skin, striped with red, and is in use from November till December. —
H. S. a p. 32.
741. POMME POIRE.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, but not so good as the
Old Nonpareil, which it resembles. It is of a roundish shape. Skin,
covered with russet, and in use from January till May. — H. S. C. n. 589.
742. POOR MAN'S PROFIT.
This is a dingy colored, oval-shaped apple, below the middle size.
It is raised freely from cuttings, and keeps till January. — Fors.
Treat. 121.
743. PORTE TULIPEE.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an
oblate shape, yellow and brown color, and ripe in November. — H. S. C.
n. 595,
744. PORTER.
A first-rate New England fruit, raised by the Rev. S. Porter, of
Sherburne, Mass. and deservedly a great favorite in the Boston market.
The fruit is remarkably fair, and the tree is very productive. It is
rather large, oblong, narrowing to the eye. Skin, clear, glossy, bright
yellow, and when exposed, with a dull blush next the sun. Flesh, fine-
grained, and abounding with juice, of a sprightly agreeable flavor.
Ripens in September, and deserves general cultivation. — Down. Fr.
Amer. 92.
745. POUND.
A very large and showy fruit, but of very indifferent quality ; and
not worth cultivation, where better sorts are to be had.
The fruit is roundish-oblong, striped with red, on a dull greenish-
yellow ground. The stalk short, and deeply inserted. The flesh,
yellowish-green, and without much flavor. October to January. —
Doxcn. Fr. Amer. 127.
S %
260 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
746. POUND PIPPIN.
This is a large handsome apple, of a greenish color, and is good for
baking. It is ripe in January. — Fors. Treat. 121.
747. POWNAL SPITZEMBERG.
So named from its native place, and. its resemblance to the Esopus
Spitzemberg. It is a very superior winter fruit. — Ken. Amer. Or. 5L
This is an American variety. — H.
748. PRIESTLEY.
Synontme. — Priestley's American.
A large spicy-flavored apple, of second-rate quality, suitable either
for kitchen or dessert use. It is of a roundish-oblong shape, yellow and
red color, and in use from December till April. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 126.
749. PRINCE ROYAL.
A medium sized apple, of inferior quality ; oblate shape, and striped
with red, it is in use from December till January — H. S. C. p. 32.
750. PRYOR'S RED.
A native of Virginia. The fruit is very large ; color, brownish-red j
its flesh at maturity, juicy, and very fine. A winter fruit. — Ken.
Amer. Or. 59.
751. QUATFORD AROMATIC.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, with a rich aromatic flavor.
It is ripe in December. — Riv. Cat.
752. QUEEN CHARLOTTE.
Stnonyme. — Queen ; Boatswain's Pippin.
A large sort of Crab, of inferior quality ; it is of a conical shape,
green on one side, and red on the other. — H. S. C. n. 605.
753. RAMBOUR.
Stnokyme — Eambour Franc d'Hiver.
A large oblate culinary apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a green
color on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use from October
till January.—^. S. C. n. 614.
THE APPLE. — ITS VAKIETIES. 361
754. RANGE.
A kitchen apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an
■cblate shape, red color, and in use from November till February.—
H. S. a n. 616.
755. RATHER RIPE.
This is a small summer apple, it is roundish, and flattened, of a
yellow color, and second-rate quality as a dessert fruit, and is ripe in
August.—^. S. a n. 620.
756. RAWLE'S JANETT.
A native of Virginia. The form is globular, flattened at the summit
and base ; the color red and green ; flesh very fragrant, more juicy, and
of superior flavor to the Newtown Pippin, and keeps equally as well. —
I^en. Amer. Or. 59.
757. RED AISLE.
A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie ; it is a rare sort ; an
inferior bearer, but pretty. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
758. RED BAG.
This is a beautiful large Herefordshire apple, of a longish shape,
streaked all over with a dark red ; and is in eating about the middle of
October. — Fors. Treat. 123.
759. RED COAT.
A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie. It is not a common
sort, and is very pretty. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472.
760. RED FULWOOD.
A large, spreading, graceful tree, full of leaf and vigor, the giant of
the Carse of Gowrie orchards ; bears very great loads of fruit every
second year ; fruit beautiful. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472.
761. RED LANGLAST,
A variety grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree
is a great bearer, middle sized ; good quality of fruit. — M. C. H. S.
iv. 473.
762. RED NORMAN.
A large and first-rate cider apple, it is of an ovate shape, yelloW on
the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun ; in use in November.
A bitter-sweet.—^. ^S. C. n. 496.
262 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
763. RED SWEET PIPPIN.
An American apple, of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is
of an oblate shape, red color, and in use from November till February. —
H. S. a p. 34.
764. RED WINE.
A Scotch apple. Tree a good bearer, middle sized, becomes much
knotted when old, and rather unhealthy ; a very valuable market
apple.— iltf. C. H. S. iv. 471.
765. REDDING'S NONPAREIL.
This is a small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, abounding in a
brisk flavor. It is roundish, the skin green, but very much covered with
russet ; and is in use from December till March. — H. S. C. n. 479.
766. REINETTE BAUMANN.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of an oblate shape, and
red color ; it is in use from December till March, and is not apt to
shrivel.—^. -S'. a p. 34.
767. REINETTE BLANCHE.
A medium sized French dessert apple. It is roundish, inclining to
oblong. The skin very smooth, and when ripe, of a fine clear yellow,
with sometimes a faint blush of red, on the side next the sun. The
flesh is white, tender, and highly perfumed, very juicy and well flavored.
In use from December till March. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 295.
768. REINETTE CALVILLEE.
A middle sized valuable dessert fruit, inclining to oblong. The skin
is smooth, of a fine shining gold color when ripe, and with three or
four broad stripes of dull red, only on the part exposed to the sun.
Flesh, yellowish, tender, very fine, juicy, with a strong perfume, and
a flavor like that of Calville Blanche d'Hiver. It ripens in the end of
November and keeps three or four months. — Diel Kernobst. i. 130.
769. REINETTE DE CLARE VAL.
A medium sized, beautiful, and excellent French dessert apple, it is
oblate and roundish. The skin is smooth, tender, and of a fine deep
lemon color, and rai-ely with a tinge of red on the side next the sun.
Flesh, very fine, white, and yellowish, firm, juicy, and of an aromatiC;,
vinous, and sugary flavor. Ripens in December, and keeps throughout
the spring. — Diel Kernobst, xii. 111.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES, 263
770. REINETTE DOREE.
Synontme. — Reinette Jaune Tardive.
A medium sized regularly formed apple, of a roundish and flattened
shape. Skin, smooth, of a beautiful deep golden yellow color, dotted with
grey dots, and with just a sufficient tinge of red next the sun, as to
heighten the color of the yellow. The flesh is white, firm, fine, and
fragrant ; very juicy, sugary, and rich. It ripens in December, and
keeps during the spring. — Dull. Arh. Fruit, i. 293.
771. REINETTE DE DOUE.
A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from January till
May. — Riv. Cat.
772. REINETTE GRISE D'ANGLETERRE PETITE.
A small dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape,
and the skin covered with russet; in season from November till January. —
H. S. a n. 664.
773. REINETTE GRISE DOREE.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it resembles the Golden
Pippin, but keeps much longer. — Riv. Cat.
774. REINETTE GRISE DE GRANVILLE.
A dessert apple of second size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an
oblate shape, skin yellow, and much covered with russet ; in use from
December till February.—^. S. C. n. 667.
775. REINETTE GRISE DE HOLLANDE.
Stnontmes. — Reinette de Havre ; Reinette de Hongrie.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish
shape, skin very thickly coated with russet ; and in use from November
till March.— ZT S. C. p. 36.
776. REINETTE GROSSE D'ANGLETERRE.
Synontme. — Pomme Madame.
A very large apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or the dessert,
but of only second-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, skin striped
with red, and in use from December till February. It is nearly as large
as the Reinette de Canada, but of less merit. — H. S. C. n. 670.
777. REINETTE JAUNE HATIVE.
Stnontmes. — Drap d'Or, of some. Reinette Grise d'Autorane, of some. Reinette
Marbree, of some. Citron des Carmes.
364 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
A small, and second-rate dessert apple. It is of a roundish sTiape,
yellow color, covered with russet, and in use during November, — ■
H. S. a n. 672.
778. REINETTE DE LAAK.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; roundish,
inclining to conical ; skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the
sun ; ripe in September. Tree a good bearer. — H. S. C. n. 678.
779. REINETTE MICHAUX.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an
oblate shape, yellow color, and in use during December. — H. S. C. n. 680.
780. REINETTE NAINE.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a coni-
cal shape, skin, yellowish-green ; in use from November till February.
The tree is a dwarf.— ^. S. C. n. 682.
781. REINETTE DU NORD.
A second-rate dessert apple, of middle size, oval shape, and yellow
color. Will keep two years. — H. S. C. n. 683.
782. REINETTE D'ORLEANS.
A pretty large, and very beautiful dessert fruit, of the first quality ',
varying from roundish to oblong. Skin, of a fine deep yellow color,
with sometimes a few stripes of crimson, on the side exposed to the sun.
Flesh, yellowish, very fine, and juicy, marrowy, and of a high sugary
flavor, which is somewhat like that of a mixture of lemon acid. It
ripens in December, and continues in use during the whole of the
winter and spring. — Diel Kernobst. iii. 226.
783. REINETTE PICTEE.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of third-rate quality, roundish shape,
and russety ; in use during October. — H. S. C. n. 687.
784. REINETTE QUITTEN.
Stnonyme. — Quince Reinette.
A medium sized apple, shaped like a quince. It is of an obvate
shape, skin yellow; a culinary fruit of second-rate quality ; in use from
October till February.—^. S. C. n. 690.
THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 265
785. REINETTE TRUITE.
Synontme. — Reinette Tachetee ; Forellen Reinette.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a
roundish shape. Skin, yellow, on the shaded side, with red and
shining crimson next the sun ; in use during November and December,
sugary, but not very juicy. — H. S.C. n. 695.
786. REINETTE TRES TARDIVE.
A large apple of first-rate quality, suitable either for the dessert or
kitchen use ; it is in use from January till June. — Riv. Cat.
787. REINETTE DE VIGAN.
A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality ; suitable either for dessert
or kitchen use ; it is in use in May. — Riv. Cat.
788. RIGBY'S PIPPIN.
A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish
shape, pale yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; and in use
from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 709.
789. RIVAL.
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. It is of excellent
quality, keeps well, and the tree is a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
790. ROB ROY.
A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a
roundish shape, yellowish-green color, on the shaded side, and red next
the sun ; in use from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 712.
791. RODMERSHAM PIPPIN.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a
roundish shape ; yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in
use from October till December. — H. S. C. p. 38.
792. ROMAINE.
A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish
shape, yellow color ; and in use in September. — H. S. C. n. 715.
793. ROMAN STEM.
This is not generally known out of New Jersey. It originated at
Burlington, in that State, and is much esteemed in that neighbourhood.
266 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
In flavor it belongs to the class of sprightly, pleasant apples, and some»
what resembles the Yellow Bellefleur. Tree very productive. —
Down. Fr. Amer. 131.
It is a small dessert apple, of second-rate quality in this country, — H,
794. ROMRIL.
A medium sized apple of first-rate quality, either for cider or kitchen
use. It is of an oblate shape, pale yellow color, and in use from
November till February. The tree is a great bearer. — H. S. C, n. 717.
795. ROSALIND.
A very old variety, known to exist in the Carse of Gowrie, but it is
very rare. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
796. ROSE APPLE.
A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. It is a valuable
variety, and the tree is a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
797. ROSTOCKER.
Stnontmes. — Stetting Rouge ; Rothe Stettiner ; Eothe Herrnapfel ; Annaberger ;
Berliner Glasapfel ; Matapfel ; Bodickheimer ; Zweibelapfel.
A large and favorite German apple, of first-rate quality, for culinary
purposes, and very much resembling our Norfolk Beefing. It is oblate
in shape, and ribbed ; the skin pale green, and yellowish on the shaded
side ; but on the side next the sun, it is of a deep blood-red, which
extends even to the shaded side. It is in use from November till
May.
798. ROTHE WIENER SOMMERAPFEL.
A beautiful, and excellent autumn apple, suitable either for the
dessert or kitchen use. It is of a medium size, and pearmain shape.
Skin, shining, covered with a fine bloom, greenish-yellow, washed and
striped with red. In use in October.
799. ROUGHAM SEEDLING.
A small table apple, of second-rate quality, it is of oblate shape, green
and red color, and in use in December. — H. S. C. p. 38.
800. ROUND CATSHEAD.
Stnontme. — Tete du Chat.
A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape,
yellow color; and in use from December (ill March. — H. S. C. n. 131.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 207
801. ROUND HEAD.
A medium sized kitchen apple, it is of a roundish shape, green color,
and in use from November till January. — H. S. C. n. 724.
802. ROWE'S SEEDLING.
A very valuable Devonshire sauce apple ; large, and of rather conical
shape, with small prominences round the eye, of a pea-green color ; it
has plenty of juice, and a very pleasant flavor; ripe in August and
September. Is a great bearer, and the tree grows freely. — Hon. Pyr.
Mai. 9, pi. V. f. 3.
803. ROYAL COSTARD.
An apple of the largest size, its flesh is not very firm, but being juicy
and melting, it is an excellent sauce apple. — Hort. Trans, iii. p. 327.
804. ROYAL DEVON.
A small cider apple. It is of a roundish shape ; pale yellow color,
striped with red, and with a bitter flavor ; it is in use during November
and December. — H. S. C. p. 38.
805. ROYAL GEORGE.
Fruit, above the middle size, round and flattened at each end. Stalk,
short. Eye, large and prominent. Skin, light yellow, dashed with
red. Flesh, firm, and full of a rich juice, of a peculiar flavor, and may
be used in the dessert, and in the kitchen. The tree resembles the
Ribston Pippin in growth, but of more vigorous habit ; it is in use from
November till February. — Roff. Fr. Cult. 56.
806. ROYAL JERSEY.
A cider apple, of roundish shape, and striped with red. — H. S. C,
p. 38.
807. ROYAL NONPAREIL.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a
roundish shape, green on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use
from November till January. — H. S. C. p. 27.
808. ROYAL REINETTE.
A large apple, of second-rate quality, and suitable either for kitchen
or dessert use ; but more properly the former. It is of a conical shape,
and striped with red ; in use from December till April. The tree is a
good bearer. — H. S. C. n. 692.
268 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
809. ROYAL WILDING.
A Herefordshire cider apple, and quite distinct from the apple of the
same name, peculiar to Devonshire. It is small, of a conical shape^
yellow color ; and in use in December. — JI. S. C. n. 728.
810. ROYALE.
A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, excellent as a dessert
apple, and suitable also for kitchen use. It is of a roundish shape,
skin, covered with russet, and in use from January till March. — H. S. C.
n. 729.
811. SAFFRAN REINETTE.
A medium sized cider apple of second-rate quality ; it is of conical
shape, yellow color, covered with russet ; and in use during August and
September.—^. S. C. n. 693.
812. ST. JOHN'S NONPAREIL.
A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an ovate shape
yellowish-green, on the shaded side, and brown next the sun ; in use
from November till January. — H. S. C. n. 481.
813. ST. LAWRENCE.
A small early dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oblate
shape, yellow color, and is in use during August and September. — •
jH. S. a n. 765.
814. ST. PATRICK.
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree is a
good bearer, but is not common. — 31. C. If. S. iv. 474.
815. ST. PATRICK'S SWEETING.
A small dessert apple of inferior quality. It is of an oblate shape,
yellow color, and is in use during August and September. — II. S. C. p 40.
816. SALOPIAN PIPPIN.
A Shropshire apple, of middle size, introduced to the neighbourhood
of London, by the late Mr. Williams, of Turnham Green. Its shape
globular, a little compressed ; a pea-green color, with a slight flush of
pale red, and sprinkled over with brown spots, it has great merit as a
sauce apple, as it dresses well, is juicy, and well flavored ; in use from
October till Christmas. The tree grows in a compact form, and is a
constant bearer. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 9, pi. v. f. 4.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 269
817. SANDY'S RUSSET.
A small dessert apple of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape,
skin covered with russet ; and in use from November till February. —
H. S. a p. 39.
818. SAPLING BARK.
An early yellow apple, of inferior quality, it is of an oval shape,
and ripe in August. — -H. S. C. p. 40.
819. DE SAUGE.
A cider apple of medium size, and oblate shape, the skin is yellow,
and covered with brownish-red ; it is in use from November till
February. A bitter sweet. — JI. S. C. n. 770.
820. SCARLET GOLDEN PIPPIN.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from November
till April. A variety from Essex, very good, and very late. — Riv. Cat.
821. SCARLET KEEPER.
A medium sized dessert apple, of third-rate quality ; it is conical,
striped with red ; and in use during November and December. —
H. S. a p. 40.
822. SCHAFER.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; resembling the Scarlet
Nonpareil. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, green on the shaded side,
and red on the other ; in use during December and January. —
IT. S. a n. 771.
823. SCOTSMAN.
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. Tree, an excellent bearer,
and bears when young ; fruit of good quality, keeps well ; a rare
variety.— M. C. H. S. iv. 472.
824. SCOTTISH CHIEF.
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an excellent
bearer, healthy, middle sized ; branches very pendent ; fruit of good
quality.— J/. C. H. S. iv. 471.
825. SEA CLIFF.
A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, green color, and oblong
shape ; it is in use from October till January. — JI. S. C. p. 40.
270 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC
826. SEACLIFFE HAWTHORNDEN.
Stnontme. — Seacliffe Apple.
A very large and handsome apple, of a round shape, pale yellow color,
and first-rate quality. The tree is hardy, a good bearer, and highly
deserving of cultivation. — Laws. Cat.
827. SEDGEFIELD.
A medium sized apple of second-rate quality ; it is of a round shape,
striped with red, and in use from December till February. — H. S. C.
p. 40.
828. SHAGREEN.
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an excellent
bearer ; fruit keeps well. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
829. SHARPS RUSSET.
This is below the middle size, of a brownish-red color towards the
sun, and a pale green on the other side. It is shaped like the frustrum
of a cone ; it is of a pretty good flavor, and keeps till May. — Fors.
Treat. 128.
830. SERJEANT.
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is beautiful,
upright growing, and large, not common. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
831. SHEPHERD'S NEWINGTON.
A large kitchen apple, of a roundish shape, striped with red, and in
use during October and November. It is very large, but does not keep
well.— ^. -S. C. n. 775.
832. SHUSTOKE.
A medium sized culinary apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an oblate
shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun ; ripe in
December.— IT. S. C. p. 41.
833. SIBERIAN SUGAR.
A small apple, and of first-rate quality for cider, it is of a roundish
shape, and yellow color ; the flesh is orange, and the juice highly
saccharine ; in use during December and January.- — H. S. C. n. 778.
834. SILVERLING.
A large apple for culinary purposes. It is of conical shape, pale
green color ; and in use from November till March. — If. S. C. n. 779.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 271
835. SILVER PIPPIN.
This is a Tiandsome, middle sized, conical shaped apple, of a fine
yellow color, with a faint blush towards the sun. The flesh is firm, and
very white, and of an excellent flavor. It keeps till the middle of
May.—Fors. Treat. 183.
836. SIMPSON'S SEEDLING.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an
ovate shape, and yellow color ; and in use from January till April. —
H. S. a p. 4L
This was raised from Ord's apple, to which it bears some resemblance.
837. SKERM'S KERNEL.
This is a conical shaped, middle sized apple, beautifully streaked with
red, deepest towards the eye, and having a good deal of yellow towards
the footstalk. It is ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors.
Treat. 127.
838. SLADE'S PIPPIN.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, of an ovate shape, and
pale brownish-red color. — IT. >S'. C. p. 41.
839. SMITH'S BEAUTY OF NEWARK.
A medium sized dessert apple ; of ovate shape, yellow color, with
red towards the sun, and in use during September and October. —
H. S. C. n. 38.
840. SOMERSETSHIRE DEUX ANS.
A small cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow color, with red
towards the sun. — II. S. C. n. 203.
841. SONNETTE.
A medium sized cider apple of ovate shape, and greenish-yellow color j
a bitter-sweet. — II. S. C. n. 783.
842. SOUTH CAROLINA PIPPIN.
A very large and handsome American apple, of first-rate quality, and
suitable either for culinary or dessert use. It is round, yellow, and in
use in December. — Laios. Cat.
843. SOVEREIGN.
This is a large sized fruit, measuring from ten to twelve inches in
circumference, nearly round; but with some irregular ridging. The
272 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
color is a fine red, suffused nearly all over, only deeper next the sun ;
the flesh is breaking ; the juice, rich, vinous, and abundant. Most of
the fruit, have a singular mark or patch on one side, of a russet color,
about the size of a Sovereign, whence the name. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 41.
844. SPANIARD.
This is a good sized apple, of a greenish-yellow color. It is said to
have taken this name from the grafts being at first brought from Spain,
it is used for tarts in Cornwall, but is a very indifferent apple to eat
raw, and is a shy bearer, It will keep till April. — Fors. Treat. 127.
845. SPANISH ONION.
This is a handsome round apple, of a russet color, with a dull red
towards the sun. This apple which is rather below the middle size, is
very good for the dessert, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 128.
846. SPANISH PEARMAIN.
This is a middle sized oblong apple, of a carnation color, and dark
red towards the sun. This is a pretty good apple, and keeps till the
beginning of May. — Fors. Treat. 127.
847. SPATBLUHENDE.
Synontmes. — Spatbliihender Matapfel ; Maetapfel a Fleurs Tardives.
A medium sized apple, for culinary purposes ; it is of an oblong shape
striped with red ; and in use during November and December. —
H. S. C. n. 784.
848. SPENCER'S PIPPIN.
A medium sized apple, suitable for dessert use, but more properly for
culinary purposes. It is round. Skin, smooth and shining, of a fine deep
yellow color when ripe, with a slight tinge of red on one side. A good
flavored apple ; in use from January till May. — Fors. Treat. 128.
849. SPICE REINETTE.
This is a handsome apple, below the middle size, red towards the
sun, and yellow on the other side. — Fors. Treat. 127.
850. STANDARD.
A variety cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The
tree is a most excellent bearer, and bears young ; fruit, much esteemed,
gets a beautiful golden color, when well ripened ; tree, middle sized,
with very black wood, woolly leaves, and extreemly thick bark ; a rare
variety.— iHf. C. ff. S. iv. 472.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 273
80 1. STIRLING CASTLE.
A large Scotch apple, raised near Stirling ; of first-rate quality as a
culinary apple. It is in use from November till December. — Laios. Cat.
852. STONYROYD PIPPIN.
A Yorkshire apple, raised in the garden of Mrs. Rawson, of Halifax,
from the seed of an imported American variety, and first exhibited at
the London Horticultural Society, in 1822. It is roundish, of medium
size, and yellow color. It is of first-rate quality, either as a culinary or
dessert apple, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 805.
853. STOUP LEADINGTON.
A large Scotch culinary apple, of good quality ; it is of an oblong
shape, skin yellowish-green, and in use from September till November.
II. S. C. p. 23.
854. STRAAT.
This is an autumn fruit. It is stated to be tender, juicy, well flavored,
and according to Mr. Buel, in excellence, it is not surpassed by any
fruit in its season ; a native of America. — Ken. Amer. Or. 39.
855. STRIPED NONPAREIL. RUSSET.
This is a handsome apple, of a greenish-russet color, with a little
brownish-red towards the sun. It is about the size of a large Nonpareil,
is ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 127.
856. STRODE-HOUSE PIPPIN.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of a roundish
shape, yellow color, and ripe in November. — H. S. C. n. 806.
857. STUBTON NONPAREIL.
A small dessert apple, of flrst-rate quality. It is of a roundish-shape,
and greenish-yellow color ; rich and sugary flavor, and ripe from January
till March.— ^. S. C. n. 483.
858. SUDBURY BEAUTY.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape ;
skin, a yellow color ; in use from October till January. — JI. S. C. n. 809.
859. SUMMER GILLIFLOWER.
Stnontmes. — Summer July Flower ; Russian.
A large dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a roundish
274: BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
shape, striped with red, and comes into use in September. The tree is
a great bearer. — JI. S. C. n. 268.
860. SUMMER HEDGING.
A small cider apple, of roundish shape, and red color. — If. S. C.
n. 812.
861. SUMMER MARIGOLD.
It is a handsome fruit, and a great favorile in the West of England,
particularly in South Devon. Rather larger than the Golden Pippin,
it is of a fine light red, with deeper streaks of the same color, on the
sun side. The flesh is breaking, and the juice pleasant, and abundant.
It is a prolific bearer, and makes a fine orchard standard tree of the
third class, but will bear well in any way. Ripens in the end of August,
Rog. Fr. Cult. 31.
862. SUMMER QUEEN.
A medium sized American apple, of second-rate quality ; suitable for
culinary purposes. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, pale yellow on the
shaded side, and red striped towards the sun ; ripe during August and
September. — Down. Fr. Amer. 77.
863. SUMMER ROSE.
Synonyme. — Woolman's Harvest.
A small apple, of second-rate quality, properly speaking a culinary
apple, but suitable also for dessert use ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow
color, and ripe in August. — Down. Fr. Amer. 77.
An American variety.
864. SUMMER STIBBERT.
Synonymes. — Summer Queening, of some. Avant Tout Hative.
A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; of a conical shape,
yellow color, and ripe in August. The tree is a good bearer. —
H. S. C. p. 42.
865. SUMMER SWEET PARADISE.
A Pennsylvania fruit, sent to us by J. B. Garber, Esq. , a zealous fruit
grower of Columbia, in that state. It is a large, fair, sweet apple, and
is certainly one of the finest of its class, for the dessert. The tree is an
abundant bearer, begins to bear while young, and is highly deserving
general cultivation. It has no affinity to the paradise apple used for
stocks.
Fruit, quite large, round and regular in its form, a little flattened at
both ends. Skin, rather thick, pale green, sometimes faintly tinged with
yellow in the sun, and very distinctly marked with numerous, large,
THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES. 275
dark grey dots. Stalk, strong, set in an even and moderately deep
cavity. Flesh, tender, crisp, very juicy, Avith a sweet, rich, aromatic
flavor. Ripe in August and September. — Down. Fr. Amer. 96.
866. SUSSEX.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of an oblate
shape, pale green color, with red towards the sun, and ripe in Novem-
ber.—ZT. S. C. p. 42.
867. SUSSEX SCARLET PEARMAIN.
A medium sized dessert apple ; of pearmain shape, red color ; and in
use from December till March. — H. S. C. n. 560.
868. SWAAR.
This is a truly noble American fruit, produced by the Dutch settlers on
the Hudson, near Esopus, and so termed from its unusual weight, this
word in low Dutch, meaning heavy. It requires a deep, rich sandy
loam, to bring it to perfection, and in its native soils, we have seen it
twelve inches in circumference, and of a deep golden yellow color. It
is one of the finest flavored apples in America, and deserves extensive
cultivation in all favorable positions, though it does not succeed well in
damp cold soils. — Doivn. Fr. Amer. 134.
869. SWEDISH EARLY SAUCE.
A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a coni-
cal shape, striped with red, and ripe in August. — H. S. C. n. 817.
870. SWEET LADING.
A Sussex cider apple, of medium size and good quality ; it is of an
oblate shape, striped with red ; and is in use in November. — H. S. C.
p. 43.
871. SWEET LITTLE WILDING.
A small cider apple. — H. S. C. p. 43.
872. SWEET PINTSTOUP.
A variety found in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree is a good
bearer, but not common — M. C. H. S. iv. 472.
873. SWEET PIPPIN.
A small cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use during
October and November. — II. S. C n. 818,
T 2
276 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
874. SWEET RUSSET.
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
875. SWEETING RUSSET.
A medium sized apple for kitchen use ; it is of a roundish shape,
russet color, and in use from January till March. — H. S. C. n. 751.
876. SYMONDS'S BRAINTON,
A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color. —
H. S. a n. 81.
877. SYMONDS'S NONPAREIL.
A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of an oblate
shape ; skin, green, covered with russet, and in use in December. —
H. S. C. n. 485.
878. TANKERTON.
A conical-shaped yellow apple, with sometimes a little blush towards
the sun. This is an excellent sauce apple, and bakes well. It is of an
agreeable taste, but too large for the table. It will keep till
February. — Fors. Treat. 128.
879. TANKERVILLE.
A small apple of inferior quality ; it is of a roundish shape, striped
with red, and is ripe in September. — H. S. C. p. 43.
880. TETOFSKY.
A handsome medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it
is of an oblong figure ; skin, striped with red, ripe in August and
September.— H. S. C. n. 828.
881. TEWKESBURY WINTER BUSH.
An American apple, described by Coxe. He says it was brought from
Tewksbury, Hunterdon County, N. J. It is a handsome fair fruit, with
more flavor and juiceness than is usual in long keeping apples. They may
be kept till August without particular care, quite plump and sound. The
size is small, rather flat. The skin, smooth, yellow, with a red cheek.
Flesh, yellow. The tree grows rapidly and straight, and the fruit hangs
till late in the autumn. January to July. — Down Fr. Amer. 140.
882. THICKSET.
A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an un-
commonly great bearer, and the fruit of good quality. — M. C. H. S.
iv. 474.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES, 277
883. THORESBY SEEDLING.
A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a pearmain
sliape, red color, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 831.
884. TOM POTTER.
A much esteemed Devonshire apple, of middle size, contracted about
the eye, which is in a small cavity, and surrounded by wrinkles ; the
ground color yellow, richly striped and blotched with bright red. It is
a juicy, high flavored table apple, ripe in September and October. A
healthy growing tree, but rather uucertaia in bearing. — Ron. Pyr. Mai.
37, pi. xix. f. 2.
885. TOTTENHAM PARK CODLIN.
The fruit is tall, generally square, with a large eye, in a deep cavity,
and flattened at the base. Its color, is dull green. The flesh firm, and
juicy, and when dressed, is very soft and high flavored. The tree is
healthy, and a great bearer. — Hort. Trans, iii. 328.
886. TRANSPARENT DE ZURICH.
A medium sized cider apple, of conical shape, pale yellow color, and
in use during September and October. The tree is a good bearer. —
H. S. C. n. 836.
887. TRAVELLER.
A medium sized dessert apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an oblate
shape ; skin, striped with red, and in use from November till Febuary. —
II. S. C. p. 44.
8S8. TRAVELLING QUEEN.
A medium sized apple, of inferior quality ; roundish shape ; skin,
striped with red ; and in use from November till January. — If. S. C.
p. 44.
889. TREVOIDER REINETTE.
This is a small, handsome, russet-colored apple, of an excellent
flavor ; and will keep till May. — Fors. Treat. ] 28.
890. TULIP WINE.
A Carse of Gowrie apple ; inferior in quality to the Green Wine. —
M. a H. S. iv. 474.
891. TURPIN.
A medium sized apple, for kitchen use, it is of an ovate shape, yellow
color ; and in use from November till May. — H. S. C. n. 842.
278 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
892. TWICKENHAM.
A large kitchen apple ; of broad conical shape, striped with red, and
in use from September till October. — H. S. C. n. 843,
893. TWIN WINE.
A variety grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree
is a good bearer, the fruit very beautiful, and sometimes twined
together. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474.
894. TWO YEARLING.
A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish
shape, yellow color, and keeps from May till July. — H. S. C. p. 44.
895. UNDERLEAF.
A medium sized cider apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate
shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun ; and in use
in December. — H. 8. C. p. 44.
896. VALLEYFIELD PIPPIN.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an
oblate shape, green on the shaded side, red, towards the sun ; and ripe
in September. The tree is a good bearer. — H. 8. C. n. 844.
897. VAN PIPPIN.
This is a small, round apple, finely colored with red and yellow ; the
pulp is sweet, juicy, and agreeable. The wood of tlie tree is weak, but
it is hardy, and bears well. — Fors. Treat. 200.
898. VANDERVERE.
Synonyme. — Stalcubs.
The Vandervere, when in perfection, is one of the most beautiful and
finest apples. But it requires a rich, light, sandy soil, as in a damp
heavy soil, it is almost always liable to be spotted, unfair, and destitute
of flavor. It is a native of Wilmington, Delaware, and took its name
from a family there. It is a fine old variety, and is highly worthy of
extensive cultivation, Avhere the soil is favorable.
Fruit, of medium size, flat. Skin, in its ground color, yellow, streaked
and stained with clouded red, but on the sunny side, deepening into rich
red, dotted with light grey specks. Stalk, short, inserted in a smooth,
rather wide cavity. Calyx, small, closed, set in a regular, well formed,
basin, of moderate depth. Flesh, yellow, crisp, and tender, with a rich
and sprightly juice. ()ctober to January. — Down. Fr. Amer. 142.
Such is the character of this apple in its native country ; but on this
side of the Atlantic, it ranks only as a second-rate fruit. If however, it
were grown in a favorable situation as indicated above, it might be
brought to a greater degree of perfection. — H.
THE APPLE. ITS VAETETIES. 279
899. WACKS APFEL.
A medium sized cider apple, of oblong shape, pale yellow color, and
in use from October till December. — H. S .C. n. S5\.
This cannot be the Wacksapfel of Diel, which is Jiat.
900. WALLACE WIGHT.
A variety found in the Carse of Gowrie ; but rare, the fruit is of
good quality, and keeps well. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472.
901. WARD APPLE.
This is a beautiful flat shaped apple, rather below the middle size, of
a fine red towards the eye, and of a yellowish-green towards the footstalk.
It is a sharp flavored fruit, and keeps till June. — Fors. Treat. 129.
902. WEISSE ANTILLISCHE WINTER REINETTE.
A large, beautiful, and excellent German dessert apple. It is of a
calville shape ; the skin is tender, of a fine lemon color when at maturity,
and with a slight blush of red on one side ; the flesh is yellowish, fine,
firm, and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. It ripens in
December, and keeps till March. — Diel.
903. WEISSE ITALIANISCHE ROSMARINAPFEL.
An Italian dessert apple, much cultivated in Southern Germany. It
is pearmain shaped ; the skin is smooth, shining, and of a fine waxen
yellow color, with pale red, and a few stripes on one side ; the flesh is
white, tender, and juicy, and of a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. It
ripens in December. — Diet.
904. WEISSE WACKS REINETTE.
Synontmes. — Weisse Soramer Reinette ; Eeinette d'Ete Blanche.
One of the most beautiful, and really splendid September apples, very
refreshing for dessert use, and as a cider fruit must be considered of the
greatest value. Its form is frequently somewhat oblong, and also
roundish and flattened. It is three inches and a quarter broad, and
about a quarter of an inch less in height. The skin, is fine, some-
what unctuous when handled, at first of a pale clear yellow, which
changes by keeping to a very beautiful pure waxen, and shining lemon-
yellow, faintly washed with a clear, delightful red, on the exposed
side only. Eye, half open, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, very
short, sometimes only a small fleshy knob, inserted in a wide, deep, and
funnel-shaped cavity, lined with russet. Flesh, beautiful white, fine,
marrowy, and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, very agreeable, refreshing,
somewhat aromatic flavor. Ripens in September, and is in greatest
perfection in October. — Did Kernobst. vii. 137.
280 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC,
905. WELLBANK'S CONSTANT BEARER.
A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; its shape is
roundish-ovate, skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun,
in use from November till January, — H. S. C. p, 44.
906. WETHERELL'S WHITE SWEETING.
A medium sized sweet cider apple ; of roundish shape, yellow color ;
and in use in September. — If. S. C. p. 45.
907. WHERNEL'S PIPPIN.
A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a
pearmain shape, yellow color, and in use from December till March. —
B. S. C. n. 859.
908. WHITE BOGMILN.
A Scotch apple, grown in the Carse of Gowrie. It is a rare sort,
large, and of fair quality. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
909. WHITE COURT-PENDU.
This is a middle sized long shaped apple, of a yellowish color. It is
a good eating apple, and ripens in January. — Fors. Treat. 129.
910. WHITE CROFTON.
This apple which ripens about the end of August, or beginning of
September, was one of a large collection brought from Ireland, by the
late Sir Evan Nepean, and was worked with others in the Fulham
nursery. The fruit is rather under the middle size, the color light
green, flesh, melting, juice, abundant, but not very rich. It may be
called a good second-rate fruit ; it is an excellent bearer, and well
worth the attention of market-gardeners. Its stiff upright growth
renders it eligible for the grass orchard, where it would rank as a second-
rate tree. — Bog. Fr. Cult. 35.
911. WHITE EASTER.
A medium sized culinary apple, of pearmain shape, pale yellow color,
and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 860.
912. WHITE FULWOOD.
A Scotch apple, cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie.
The fruit is of a most excellent quality, especially the colored variety ;
keeps well ; tree middle sized, with a large leaf; sometimes the points
of the branches die ; bears steadily fair crops, but not heavy loads. —
31. C.H. S. iv, 471,
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 281
913. WHITE LEAF.
A large kitchen apple, round, and very mucli flattened, yellow on the
shaded side, and red towards the sun. — H. S. C. p. 45.
914. WHITE MUST.
This is a middle sized handsome apple, of a greenish-yellow color,
with a little red towards the sun ; the flavor is rather tart but agreeable,
It is ripe in January. — Fors. Treat. 129.
915. WHITE NONPAREIL.
A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish
shape ; the skin pale green, covered with russet. In use in December.
H. S. C. n. 488.
916. WHITE RUSSET.
Fruit, large, about two inches and three quarters from the eye to the
stalk, and three inches in its transverse diameter near the stalk ; sides
angular ; color, a yellowish-green, intermixed with white, marked with
light red to the sun, and russeted from it ; stalk, short ; eye, wrinkled ;
richly flavored, but apt to grow mealy when too ripe. In use during
October and November. — Hort. Trans, iii, 454.
917. WHITE SEAL.
A large apple for culinary purposes ; of an oblong shape ; pale yellow
color ; of little value and ripe in September. — H. S. C. p. 45.
918. WHITE STYRE.
A small cider apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish-shape ;
and pale yellow color. — H. S. C. n. 801.
919. WHITE WINE.
A Scotch apple ; the tree a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
920. WICKHAM'S DEUX ANS.
A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; the shape is
roundish ; the skin greenish-yellow, on the shaded side, and red towards
the sun ; it is in use from January till May. — If. S. C. p. 12.
921. WILLIAM.
A medium sized apple of second-rate quality as a dessert apple, and
suitable also for cider ; the shape is oblate ; skin, yellow ; in use from
November till January. — H. S. C. p. 45.
282 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
922. WILLIAMS'S FAVORITE.
A large and handsome dessert apple, worthy of a place in every
gaf&en. It originated at Roxbury, near Boston, U. S., bears abundantly,
and ripens from the last of July to the first of September.
Fruit, of medium size, oblong, and a little one-sided. Stalk, an
inch long, slender, slightly sunk. Calyx, closed, in a narrow angular
basin. Skin, very smooth, of a light red ground, but nearly covered
with a fine dark red. Flesh, yellowish-white, and of a very mild and
agreeable flavor. — Down. Fr. Amer. 79.
923. WILLIAMS'S PIPPIN.
This is a conical-shaped apple, with a hollow eye, and short stalk, of
a pale yellow color, with a little red next the sun ; the flesh, is pale
yellow, soft and tender. It bakes and roasts well, and will keep till
Christmas. — Fors. Treat. 130.
924. WILTSHIRE CATSHEAD.
This is a large handsome apple, red towards the sun, and green on
the other side. It is a very fine baking apple, and of a good flavor.
It is ripe in January. — Fors. Treat. 130.
925. WINDHAM'S SEEDLING.
A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen use ;
it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till
December.—^. S. C. n. 867.
926. WINE.
A medium sized cider apple, of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in
use in December. — JI. S. C. n. 868.
927. WINE RUSSET.
This is a middle sized, conical shaped apple, of a dark russet color,
and sharp flavor, it keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 130.
628. WINTER COURT-PENDU.
A Scotch apple. Fruit, of good quality, and very handsome ; tree
bears well, and is of middle size. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472.
929. WINTER POMEROY.
This is a pretty large, conical-shaped apple, of a dark green color, a
little streaked with red, towards the sun. The coat is rather rough.
It is a good baking apple, and keeps till January. — Fors. Treat. 130.
THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 283
930. WINTER RUBY.
A Scotch apple. The tree bears well, but is not common — M. C.
H. S. iv. 474.
931. WINTER SCARLET.
A Scotch apple ; tree a good bearer ; fruit keeps well ; not common. —
M. C. H. S. iv. 473.
932. WINTER STRAWBERRY.
This variety is above the middle size, of a globular shape, plaited
about the eye, which, as well as the stalk, is very little depressed ; straw
color, richly striped with scarlet. It is a good winter apple, of a
pleasant sub-acid flavor. — Bon. Pyr. Mai. 59, pi. xxx. f. 3.
933. WINTER W^ARDEN.
A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality ; suitable for culinary
purposes. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, striped with red, and
russety ; in use from December till February. — //. <S'. C. p. 4o.
934. WITTE WYN.
A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, pale green color, and
in use from October till November. — H. S. C. n. 881.
935. WOOD NYMPH.
A very large Scotch apple. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472.
936. WOOD'S GREENING.
A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen
use, and also for the dessert ; it is of a conical shape, yellow color, and
in use from January till May. — //. S. C. n, 883.
937. WRIGHT'S NONPAREIL.
This is a Salopian apple, great bearer, of a good size, and a little
flatted. It is a good kitchen apple, and keeps till June. The tree is
smaller in size than most other apple trees. — Fors. Treat. 13L
938. YELLOW BUCKLAND.
A medium sized culinary apple, of inferior quality, it is of oblate
shape, yellow color, and in use from December till March. — H. !S. C.
p. 8.
939. YELLOW BELLE-FLEUR.
Synonvme. — Bell Flower ; Yellow Bellflower..
The Yellow Belle-Fleur, is a large, handsome, and excellent winter
284 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
apple, every where esteemed in the United States. It is most abundantly
seen in the markets of Philadelphia, as it thrives well in the sandy soils
of New Jersey. Coxe first described this fruit ; the original tree of
which grew in Burlington, New Jersey. We follow Thompson in
calling it Belle- Fleur, from the beauty of the blossoms, with the class of
French apples, to which it belongs.
Fruit, very large, oblong, a little irregular, tapering to the eye. Skin,
smooth, pale lemon-yellow, often with a blush next the sun. Stalk, long,
and slender, in a deep cavity. Calyx, closed, and set in a rather narrow,
plaited basin. Seeds, in a large hollow capsule or core. Flesh, tender,
juicy, crisp, with a sprightly sub-acid flavor ; before fully ripe, it is
considerably acid. November to March.
Wood, yellowish, and tree vigorous, with spreading, drooping
branches. A regular and excellent bearer, and worthy of a place in
every orchard — Down. Fr. Amer. 100.
940. YOUNG'S SEEDLING.
A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen
purposes, and useful also in the dessert ; the shape is roundish ; skin,
green on the shaded side, and red on the other ; in use from January
till June.— Z^. S. C. n. 888.
941. ZIMMT REINETTE.
Synontmes. — Zimmtfarbige Reinette ; Kaneel Renet.
A medium sized dessert apple, of good quality ; round, handsome,
and regularly shaped, the skin is greenish yellow, very much covered
with cinnamon-colored russet, the flesh is yellowish-white, fine, juicy,
rich, sugary, vinous, and aromatic ; ripe in December, and continues
till May.
942. ZOETE PETER LELY.
A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; the shape is oblate, and
the skin is covered with russet ; it is in use from November till February.
It is small, but good, with a Russet Nonpareil flavor. — H. S. C. n. 892.
THE APPLE. SELECT VARIETIES.
285
LISTS OF SELECT APPLES.
These lists are adapted to various latitudes of Great Britain, and
are intended as a guide to the formation of large, or small collections of
the most choice and useful varieties.
I. SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND.
And not extending farther north than the range of Derby.
1.
SUMMER APPLES.
A. Dessert.
Borovitsky
Devonshire Qiiarrenden
Early Harvest
Irish Peach
Joanneting
Kerry Pippin
King of the Pippins
Margaret
Summer Golden Pippin
B. Kitchen.
Carh'sle Codhn
Cole
Duchess of Oldenburgh
Dutch Codlin
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codlin
Springrove Codlin
AUTUMN APPLES.
A. Dessert.
Augustus Pearmain
Borsdorffer
Bowyer's Russet
Breedon Pippin
Brookes's
Broughton
Colonel Vaughan's
Cornish Aromatic
Downton Pippin
Early Nonpareil
Golden Winter Pearmain
Moore's Seedling
Proliferous Reinette
Ribston Pippin
Red Ingestrie
Yellow Ingestrie
B. Kitchen.
Biggs's Nonesuch
Catshead
Cellini
286
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Emperor Alexander
Flower of Kent
Graveiistein
Golden Noble
Gooseberry Apple
Harvey Apple
Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance
Hawthornden
Kentish Fill-basket
Mere de Menage
Waltham Abbey Seedling
Worrasley Pippin
WINTER APPLES.
A. Dessert.
Adams's Pearmain
Ashmead's Kernel
Baddow Pippin
Barcelona Pearmain
Barton's Incomparable
Boston Russet
Braddick's Nonpareil
Bringewood
Claygate Pearmain
Cockle Pippin
Coe's Golden Drop
Cornish Gilliflower
C(mrt of Wick
Court-pendu Plat
Dutch Mignonne
Golden HarA-^ey
Golden Pippin
Golden Reinette
Hughes's Golden Pippin
Hubbard's Pearmain
Lamb Abbey Pearmain
Maclean's Favorite
Mannington's Pearmain
Margil
Morris's Nonpareil Russet
Morris's Russet
Nonpareil
Ord's Apple
Pearson's Plate
Pinner Seedling
Pitmaston Nonpareil
Ross Nonpareil
Russet Table Pearmain
Sam Young
Sturmer Pippin
Sykehouse Russet
Wyken Pippin
B. Kitchen
Alfriston
Baxter's Pearmain
Beauty of Kent
Bedfordshire Foundling
Blenheim Pippin
Devonshire Buckland
Dumelow's Seedling
Grange's Pearmain
Hambledon Deux Ans
Hanwell Souring
Mitchelson's Seedling
Norfolk Beefing
Norfolk Stone Pippin
Northern Greening
Reinette Blanche d'Espagne
Rhode Island Greening
Round Winter Nonesuch
Royal Pearmain
Royal Russet
Striped Beefing
Winter Majetin
Winter Pearmain
II. NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND.
SUMMER APPLES.
A. Dessebt.
Devonshire Quarrenden
Early Harvest
Irish Peach
Joanneting
Kerry Pippin
Margaret
Oslin
Whorle
B. Kitchen.
Carlisle Codlin
Dutch Codlin
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codlin
Nonesuch
Springrove Codlin
THE APPLE. SELECT VARIETIES,
287
AUTUMN APPLES.
A. Dessiort.
Borsdorffer
Downton
Early Nonpareil
Franklin's Golden Pippin
Golden Monday
Golden Winter Pearmain
Red Ingestrie
Ribston Pippin
Summer Pearmain
Wormsley Pippin
Yellow Ingestrie
B. Kitchen.
Cellini
Emperor Alexander
Greenup's Pippin
Hawthornden
Melrose
Mere de Menage
Nelson Codlin
WINTER APPLES.
A. Dessert.
Acklam's Russet
Adams's Pearmain
Barcelona Pearmain
Bess Pool
Braddick's Nonpareil
Baxter's Pearmain
Claygate Pearmain
Cockle Pippin
Court of Wick
Court-pendu Plat
Golden Pippin
Golden Reinette
Margil
Nonpareil
Pitmaston Nonpareil
Royal Pearmain
Scarlet Nonpareil
Sturmer Pippin
Sykehouse Russet.
B. Kitchen,
Alfriston
Bedfordshire Foundling
Blenheim Pippin
Dumelow's Seedling
Holland Pippin
Hutton Square
Mere de Menage
Northern Greening
Round Winter Nonesuch
Sleeping Beauty
Yorkshire Greening
III. BORDER COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND.
And the warm, and sheltered situations in other parts of Scotland.
1. SUMMER AND AUTUMN APPLES.
A. Dessert.
Blenheim Pippin
Cambusnethan Pippin
Devonshire Quarrenden
Greenup's Pippin
Grey Leadington
Irish Peach
KeiTy Pippin
Margaret
Oslin
Ravelston Pippin
Red Ingestrie
Summer Pearmain
Summer Strawberry
Tam Montgomery
White Paradise
Whorle
988
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Wormsley Pippin
Yellow Ingestrie
B. Kitchen.
Carlisle Codlin
Dutch Codlin
Early Julian
Hawthorn den
Hill's Seedling ■
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codlin
Melrose
Springrove Codlin
Tarvey Codlin.
2. WINTER APPLES.
These marked * require a Wall.
A. Desskrt
Balmanno Pippin
* Barcelona Pearmain
* Braddick's Nonpareil
Baxter's Pearmain
Bogmiln Favorite
Contin Reinette
* Court of Wick
Doonside
Gogar Pippin
* Golden Pippin
Green Langlast
* Margil
* Nonpareil
* Pearson's Plate
Pitmaston Nonpareil
Pew Captain
* Ribston Pippin
* Scarlet Nonpareil
* Sturmer Pippin
B. Kitchen.
Bedfordshire Foundling
Brabant Bellefleur
Dumelow's Seedling
Green Virgin
Pile's Russet
Red Fulwood
Royal Russet
Rymer
Sir Walter Blackett's Favorite
Tower of Glammis
Waltham Abbey Seedling
Winter Strawberry
White Fulwood
IV. NORTHERN PARTS OF SCOTLAND.
And other exposed situations.
1,
SUMMER AND AUTUMN APPLES.
A. Dessert.
Devonshire Quarrenden
Kerry Pippin
Nonesuch
Summer Leadington
Summer Queening
Summer Strawberry
A. Dessert.
Contin Reinette
Coul Blush
Fulwood
Grey Leadington
Gogar Pippin
Kerkan
Pow Captain
Sweet Topaz
B. Kitchen.
Carlisle Codlin
Hawthornden
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codlin
Tarvey Codlin
2. WINTER APPLES.
Winter Strawberry ■
B. Kitchen.
Carlisle Codlin
Kinellan
Tower of Glammis
Y^'orkshire Greening
Winter Greening
THE APPLE. SELECT VAEIETIES.
289
V. FOR ESPALIERS OR DWARFS.
These succeed well when grafted on the paradise or doucin stock.
Adams's Pearmain
Ashmead's Kernel
Barcelona Pearmain
Braddick's Nonpareil
Boston Russet
Breedon Pippin
Bringewood Pippin
Christie's Pippin
Claygate Pearmain
Coe's Golden Drop
Cornish Gilliflower
Court of Wick
Court-pendu Plat
Downton Pippin
Dutch Mignonne
Early Harvest
Early Nonpareil
Franklin's Golden Pippin
Golden Harvey
Golden Pippin
Golden Reinette
Hawthornden
Hubbard's Pearmain
Joanneting
Kerry Pippin
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codliu
Margaret
Margil
Nonpareil
Oslin
Padley's Pippin
Pearson's Plate
Robinson's Pippin
Scarlet Pearmain
Sturmer Pippin
Summer Golden Pippin
Summer Pearmain
Taunton Golden Pippin
Wyken Pippin
VI. FOR ORCHARD PLANTING, AS STANDARDS.
These are generally strong-growing and productive varieties, the fruit
of which being mostly of a large size, and attractive appearance, they
are on that account, well calculated for market supplies.
Adams's Pearmain
Alfriston
Barcelona Pearmain
Beauty of Kent
Bedfordshire Foundling
Bess Pool
Blenheim Pippin
Brabant Belle-Fleur
Broadend
Catshead
Cellini
Cobham
Devonshire Quarrenden
Duchess of Oldenbm-gh
Dumelow's Seedling
Emperor Alexander
Flovrer of Kent
Gloria Mundi
Golden Noble
Golden Winter Pearmain
Gooseberry
Grange's Pearmain
Gravenstein
Hanwell Souring
Harvey Apple
Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance
Hawthornden
Hollandbury
Holland Pippin
Kentish Fill -basket
Keswick Codlin
Lemon Pippin
London Pippin
Margaret
Manks Codlin
Melrose
Mere de Menage
Mitchelson's Seedling
Nelson Codlin
Northern Greening
Reinette de Canada
Round Winter Nonesuch
Royal Pearmain
Roy al Russet
Rymer
Selwood's Reinette
Striped Beeting
Toker's Incomparable
Tower of Glammis
Waltham Abbey Seedling
Winter Pearmain
Wormsley Pippin
Yorkshire Greening
290
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC,
VII. CIDER APPLES.
Alban
Bennet Apple
Best Bache
Brainton Seedling
Brierly's Seedling
Bringewood
Bovey Red Streak
Cadbury
Coccagee
Cowarne Red
Devonshire Red Streak
Devonshire Wilding
Downton Pippin
Dymmock Red
Torge
Forest Styre
Foxley
Fox-Whelp
Friar
Garter
Golden Harvey
Golden Pippin
Golden Worcester
Grange
Hagloe Crab
Hogshead
Isle of Wight Pippin
Kingston Black
Minchall Crab
Monkton
Pawsan
Red Ingestrie
Red -Must
Red- Streak
Royal Wilding
Siberian Bitter Sweet
Siberian Harvey
Sops in Wine
Stead's Kernel
Sweet Lading
Winter Lading
Winter Pearmain
Woodcock
Yellow Elliot
Yellow Ingestrie
INDEX
BRITISH POMOLOGY.
THE APPLE
THE NAMES PRINTED IN ITALICS ARE STNONY]\IES.
Achmore 214
Adam's Apple 214
Admirable, Kirke's Scarlet 110
Alban 215
Alexander 77
Alfriston 21
American, Priestley's 260
D'Angloise 169
Anis 82
Anisapfel 82
Anis-Seed 215
Annaberger 266
Api 23
Apfel, Kleine 23
DoppeUer 23
Der Einfache 23
Etoille 25
Gelber SterrifOrmiger 25
Grand 25
Gros 25
Grosser 25
Noir 26
Panacliee 215
Petit 23
Roesje 23
Rose 23
Rouge 23
Rouge, Petit 23
Schwazer 26
Der Welsche 23
L'Api 23
Aporta 77
Naliva 77
Page.
Appiana 24
Appius Claudius 23
Arabian Apple 155
Arley 211
Aromatic, Cornish 60
Quatford 260
Ashby Seedling 215
D'Astems 215
Astrachan Red 163
White 202
Atkin's SeedUng 214
August Apfel 153
Aunt's Apple 216
Aurore 98
Autumn, Kenrick's 244
Kenrick's Red 244
Avant Tout Hutive 274
Bains's 216
Balderstone Seedling 216
Baldwin 29
Red 29
Baltimore 22
Baltimore 91
Bank Apple 29
Bardin 83
Barroisa 219
Bath 216
Baudrons 216
Bay Apple 69
Bayford 95
Bayfordbury 95
Beachamwell 32
Seedling 32
2Q2
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Page.
lieau Rouge 110
Beaufin, Catsheud 146
Norfolk 146
Striped 188
Beaufinette 217
Beauty of Kent 32
Beauty of Newark, Smith's 271
Beauty of Wilts, Dredge's 107
Bedfordshire Foundling 34
Beefin Norfolk 146
Beefing Norfoni 146
Striped 188
Belle Anglaise 217
Belle Bonne 34
Boon, Winter 34
and Bonne, Winter 34
and Bon, Winter 34
Dubois 91
Fille 169
Grideline 35
Ginsdeline 35
Hervy 217
Josephine 91
Bellefleur, Brabant 42
Brabansche 42
Kleine Brabansche 42
Yellow 283
Belledge 34
Bell's Scarlet 179
Benlomond 217
Bennet Apple 35
Benwell's Large 217
Benzler 217
Bess Pool 36
Best Bache 36
Best Pool 36
Betsey 37
Bitter-Sweet, Siberian 183
Black American 218
Annette 218
Apple 199
Bess 218
Blanc d'Espagne 166
Blanche de Leipsic 40
Bland's Jubilee 38
Jubilee Rose Pip 38
Blandilalie 108
Blenheim 38
Blenheim Grange 38
Blood Royal 218
Bodickheimer 266
Bogmiln Favorite 218
White 280
Bohnapfel, Grosse Rheinischer ... 238
Bollenapfel 23
Bonne Rouge 110
deMai 69
Bonner 218
Bonnet Carre 48
Bonnie Bride 219
Boomrey 219
Borovitsky 40
~ " ' 40
Borsdorfer, E del Winter 40
BorsdorflFer ;. 40
Black 218
Grand Bohemian 40
Red 40
Winter 40
Borstorf 40
Borstorff Hative 40
a longue queue 40
Borstorffer,Edler Winter 40
Bossom 41
Bough, jEar/y 125
Large Early Yellow 125
Large Yellow 125
Sweet 125
Tart 75
Bourassa 219
Brainge 219
Brainton, Symonds's 276
Brandy Apple 92
Braune Mai 219
Braunschweiger Milch 219
Bread and Cheese Apple 162
Brickley Seedling 44
Bridget, Scotch 180
Broad-End 45
Summer 191
Broading 45
Kentish 45
Winter 45
Brookes's 46
Broughton 46
Brown Renting 46
Brownite 220
Buckland, Devonshire 66
Yellow 283
Bucks County 220
Buffcoat 220
Bur-Knot 149
Burn's Seedling 47
Burr Apple 220
Burr Knot 220
Burrell's Red 220
Bursdoff 40
Burton Seedling 220
Busham 221
Butter's 29
Caas 224
Cadbury 221
Pound 221
Calander 221
Caldwell 177
Calleville d'Automne 50
Blanc 48
d'Ete 50
d'Este 50
Rouge 51
CalviEe 50
Calville Acoute 48
Aechter Rother Winter 51
d'Angleterre 61
d'Angleterre 209
d'Automne 50
INDEX.
203
Page.
Calville Autumn 50
Autumn Red 50
Blanc 48
Blanc 48
Blanche 48
Blanche a Cotes 48
Blanche d'Et^ 48
Blanche d'Hiver 48
Eggermont's 23 1
d'Ete 50
Bouge d'Hiver 51
Malingre 49
Musquee 51
Normande 49
Normdnnische Rotlie Winter 49
Plane Rouge d'Ete 50
Bed 50
Bed 51
Bed 199
Bed Autumn 50
BodeHerfst 50
Bode Somer 50
Bode Winter 51
Bathe Herbst 50
Bothe Winter 51
Bother Sommer 50
Bouge 51
Rouge d' Automne 50
Bouge Couronne 51
Bouge dedans et dehors 51
Rouge d' Ete 50
Rouge d'Hiver 51
Bouge longue d'Hiver 51
Rouge de Micoud 51
Bouge de la Nonnandie 49
Boyale d'Ete 50
Boyale d'Hiver 51
Sanguinole 51
dit Sanguinole 51
Tardive 48
Wahrer Weisser Sommer... 48
Weisser Winter 48
White 48
White 48
White Autumn 48
White Winter 48
Winter Bed 51
Winter White 48
Caillot Bosat 51
Cambour 162
Campfield 221
Camuesar 166
i)e Canada 167
La Canelle 234
Caracter Apfel 83
Caret's Seedling 157
Carnation 221
Caroline 52
Carpendy 83
Carpentin 167
Carse of Gowrie 196
Late 196
Carthouse 235
PilRG.
Catline 222
of Maryland 222
Cat's Head 53
Catshead 53
Round 266
Wiltshire 282
Cellini 53
Chalmers's Large 73
Chance 169
Charles's Apple 135
Charmant Blanc 162
Chataiguier 222
Chaudiere 222
Cherry Apple 54
ChucketEgg 195
Cierge d'Hiver 222
Citron 169
Citron des Carmes 263
Claret 223
Claudiana 24
Clepington 223
Clouded Scarlet 223
Cluster Apple 56
Coates's 213
Cobham 56
Coccagee 57
Cockagee 57
Cockpit 223
Codlin 79
Codlin,Betley 217
Carhsle 52
Clarke's 223
Common 79
Dutch 73
English 79
French 234
Green 252
Irish 131
Kentish 243
Kesvrick 122
Kilkenny 244
Knight's 210
Manks 131
Nelson 141
]\elson's 141
Old English 79
Springrove 187
Tarvey 194
Tottenham Park 277
Transparent 197
White 73
Winter 206
Coeur de Pigeon 155
Gros 155
Cole 59
Collin's Keeper 223
Colmau, iVb?/o/^ 206
Summer 191
Winter 206
Colonel Vaughan's 59
Compote 151
Concombre Ancien 166
des Chartreux 177
294
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC,
Page.
Conquest de Wigers 223
Constant Bearer, Wellbank's 280
Cordwall 177
Corianda Rose 64
Corse's Favorite 224
Corstorphine 224
Cos 224
Costard 61
Koyal 267
Coul Blush 62
Coulthard 61
Court-pendii 64
Court-pendu 83
Gris 83
Petit Gris 83
Rosaar 64
Rouge 64
Coui t-pendu musquee 64
Doree 98
Noir 224
Plat 64
Plat Rougeatre 64
Ro7id Gros 64
Rond Rougeatre 64
Rond Tres Gros 64
Rosat 64
Rouge 64
Rouge Musque 64
Vermeil 64
White 280
Winter 282
Court de Wick 63
Court of Wick 63
Morris's 139
Cousinotte 50
Cow's Snout 224
Cowarne Red 65
Crab Black 218
Brentford 118
Dumelow's 72
French 206
Hagloe 105
Isleworth 118
Lancashire 137
Lancaster 137
Minchall 137
MinchariCs 137
Minshul 137
Pitminster 259
Sams's 129
Sciidamore's 164
Creeper 66
Crofton Early 116
Early White 280
- Red 178
Scarlet 178
White 280
White Summer 280
Curtipendula Minora 83
Curtis 225
Cyder Sop 225
Dainty Apple 110
Daisy 225
Page.
Darling 66
Decibus 226
Delaware 197
Deptfordinn 226
Derbyshire 226
Detroit 226
Black 226
Red 226
Deux Ans, Hambledon 105
Hunt's 114
Somersetshire 271
Wickham's 281
Devon, Royal 267
Diepe Kopjis 248
Docker's Seedling 228
Doctor 228
Dolgoi Squoznoi 190
Doraine 208
Dominiska 229
Doonside 229
Douce deBolwiller 229
Doyenne 229
Downy 110
Drap d'Or 69
Drapd'Or 83
Drap d'Or 263
Vrai 69
Due d'Arsel 145
Duchess of Oldenburgh 71
York's Favorite 229
Duck's Bill 208
New 221
DuifApfel 155
Duke of Gloucester, Hunt's 115
■ Wellington 72
York, Newbold's 177
Dumelow's Seedling 72
Dumpling, Lord Bateman's 248
Minier's 137
Watson's 201
Duncan 73
Dundee 98
Dutch Mignonne 74
Minion 74
Dymmock Red 230
Early Harvest 75
Prince's 75
Joe 230
Marrow 230
New York 230
Red 230
Sauce, Swedish 275
East Grinstead 201
Easter, White 280
Eckapfel 48
Edel konig 231
Edinburgh Cluster 231
Egg 203
Ekapfel Bother 51
Ekkling 48
Eleot ., 212
Eliot 212
Elizabeth 98
INDEX.
295
Page.
iElliot, Yellow 212
Embroidered Apple 232
Emperor Alexander 77
Epse's Sweet 226
Erdbeer-apfd, Bothe Sommer 50
Rather Strich 50
Erdbeerenapfel Sommer 50
Weisser 48
D'Espagne 166
Eve 131
Eve 131
Eve 203
Everlasting 232
Green 237
Striped 232
Extreme, Wheeler's 202
Eyelet, Green 237
Yellow 212
Fair Maid of France. . . 232
Taunton 80
Wishford, Dredge's 70
Fallawater 232
Famagusta 81
Fame 233
Dredge's 70
Shepherd's 182
Fameuse 141
La Fameuse 141
Faros 104
Gros 104
Fenchelapfel Graue 82
Grauer 82
Rathe 83
FeneUet 82
Fenauillet 82
Fenouillet Gris 82
Gros 82
Jaune 83
D' Or Gros 82
Petit 82
Rouge 83
Fillbasket 84
Kentish 120
Flat Anderson 233
Flat-Gap, Surrey 193
Fleur de Praire'al 233
Fleur de Prairial 247
Flower of Kent 84
the Town 233
Flowery Town 233
Forge 86
Forman's Crew 87
Foxlev 88
Fox- Whelp 88
Frank Rambour 162
Friar 89
Fulwood 90
Dutch 230
Green 90
Late 230
Eed 261
White 280
Ganges 90
Page .
Garnon's 64
Garter 90
Gelders Present 50
General 152
General Wolfe 234
Gennet, May 250
Genneting 118
George de Pigeon 82
Gilliflower 235
Cornish 61
Summer 273
Gilpin 235
Gi7inetting 118
Glace Rouge 30
de Zelande 202
Glammis Castle 196
Glasapfel, Berliner 266
Glasbury, Norman 255
Gloria Mundi 91
American 91
Glazenwood 91
New York 91
Glory, Bachelor's 28
Miller's 251
Glory of Boughton 236
England 91
Flanders 42
The West 92
The West 73
York 171
Golden Apple 149
Golden Ball 236
Beauty, Owen's 118
Devonshire 226
Drop 63
Drop, Coo's 58
Gloucester 236
Harvey 92
Knob 93
Kentish 93
Monday 94
Noble 94
Pippin 95
Autumn 216
Balgone 95
Sawyer's 42
Cluster 56
Dredge's 244
Elton 68
English 95
Franklin's 89
Hampshire Yellow 99
Herefordshire 95
Hughes's 114
Hughes's New 114
Kirke's 244
Knight's 68
London 95
Milton 95
New Cluster 244
New Golden 244
Old 95
Rival 63
296
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC,
Page.
Golden Pippin, -RiVa/ 215
Russet 95
Scarlet 269
Screveton 180
Summer 191
Taunton 194
Warter's 95
Vinirig 1 13
Worcester 236
Wreath, Pitmaston 157
Goldzaugapfel 69
Gooseberry 100
Goose-Sauce, Yorkshire 213
Gotterapfel 229
Gowrie, The 196
Grafensteiner 102
Grand Sliacliem 236
Grange 110
Grauch Douce 237
Gravenstein 102
Graven Slije 102
Gray Apple 158
Green 237
Balsam 237
Cossings 177
Dragon 237
Greening, Burlington 170
Dickson's 227
Jersey.. 170
Northern 148
New Northern 254
Ehode Island 170
Squire's 187
Winter 206
Wood's 283
Yorkshire 213
Green-Sweet, Hargreave's 106
Grcgson 222
Grise 158
Grosse d'Angleterre 167
Pomme Noire d'Amerique 199
Rouge de Septembre 50
Guolden Pippings 95
Hall Door 105
Hampshire Yellow 99
Harrison 239
Harvest, Prince's 75
Woolman's 274
Harvey Apple 106
Doctor 106
Golden 92
Round Russet 92
Siberian 183
Hausmiitterchen 91
Haute Bonte 108
Hawthornden 109
New 254
Seacliffe 270
Winter 72
Hawthorndean 109
Red 109
White 109
Hay's Early 240
Hedge Apple 240
Hedging, Summer 274
Heidelocher 113
Herbststrichapfel 152
Rather 152
Herfst- Present 50
Hermannsapfel, Grosser Gestreifter 109
Herrnapfel 229
Rothe 266
Hicks's Fancy 76
Hill's Seedling 240
Himbeerapfel, Langer Rother 209
Weisser 48
Hoare's Seedling 240
Hoary Morning 110
Hogshead 240
HoUandbury 110
HoUingbury 110
Hollow Core HI
Hollow Crown, Little 248
Home's Large 240
Hood's Seedling 112
Horselin 241
Hoskreiger 113
House 241
Grey 241
Hubbard's 113
Hunthouse 115
Huntingford 24i
Hutchings's Seedling 190
Hutchinson's Spotted 242
Ice Apple, Russian 202
Incomparable 242
Barton's 31
Lewis's 127
Moss's 252
Toker's 196
Ingestrie, Red 164
Yellow 212
Irish Pitcher 131
Iron Apple 42
Iron Apple 242
Ive's Seedling 242
Jack Cade 242
Janett, Rawle's 261
Janurea 167
JefFreys's Seedling 242
Jeniting 118
Jenneting 118
Jenneting, Early 118
Jenny Sinclair 242
Jersey 242
Jerusalem 155
Joanneting 118
Joannina 118
John 148
John Apple 243
Jonathan 243
Jordbaeraeble 243
Kantet 244
Juliansapfel, Heilige 177
Julien, Early 75
July-Jloiver 61
INDEX.
397
Pagfi.
July-Jlower, Cornish 61
Summer 273
June-eating 118
American Red 230
Early Red 132
Early Striped 132
Large White 75
Red 132
Striped 132
White 118
Juneting 118
Jungfernapfel 23
Jiinitiiig 118
Kaiser Alexander Von Russland ... 77
Kaiserhcimer 247
Kalwil, Bother Herbst 50
Rother Winter 51
Weisser Summer 48
Weisser Winter 48
Kernel, Ashmead's 26
Baches 36
Dobbs's 228
Dr. Ashmead's 26
Dollar's 228
Fletcher's 233
Knotted 245
Longville's 129
Skerm's 271
Stead's 187
T\mg George 40
George the Third 40
Harry 244
Eobert 244
William 244
King, Newark 254
Warner's 201
King of the Pippins 123
King of the Pippins 99
Kingston Black 123
Kirschapfel 54
Knight's Large 245
Korpendit, Rode 64
Kra^jpe Kruin 245
Krizapfel 246
Kurzstiel, Rosenfarbiger 64
Rothe 64
Lading, Sweet 275
Winter 207
Lady Apple 23
Jjady de Grey's 120
Lennox 246
of the AVemyss 246
Lady's Delight 124
Lady's Finger 124
Lady's Finger 203
Lammas 132
Lancashire Gap 246
DeLande 247
Langlast, Green 237
Red 261
Large Black 226
Early 75
Lasting, Somerset 185
/Page'
Lawman's 247
Leadington, Grey 104
Green 237
Large... '247
Monstrous 252
Scarlet 178
Stoup 273
Leather Coat 175
Lemon Apple 247
Lily Buckland 66
Little Beauty 248
Herbert 248
Lock's Seedling 248
Long Bois 23
Long Keeper, Buchanan's 220
Mogg's 251
Laster 248
May 203
Nose 128
Seam 24S
Long-start 128
Lord Cheney's Green 249
Nelson, Backhouse's 141
Kirke's 123
Lothinger 162
Lucombe's Seedling 130
Macbeth 249
Maclean 249
Maclean's Favorite 249
Madeleine 130
Madeleiyie 50
Mcetapfel a Flews Tardives 272
Magdalene 132
Mage's Johnny 102
Maggie Duncan 249
Maiden 249
Maiden's Blush 130
Majetin, Winter 207
Mala Janurea 167
Malacarle 135
Malcarle 135
Male Carle 135
Malengre d'Angleterre 49
Maltster 249
Mains Aegra 49
Apiosa 23
Mammoth 91
American 91
Margaret 132
Early 132
Early Red 132
of Miller 1 30
Marget- Apple 132
Margil... 133
Marguerite I32
Marigold, Creed's 65
Summer 274
Maschanzker 40
Masters's Seedling 250
Mason's Early 259
White 250
Massavis 250
Matapfel 266
298
BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Matapfel Spatbliihender 272
Matchless 144
Maudlin 132
Meyginch Favorite 98
Mela Carla 135
Mela di Carlo 135
Melo Rosa 24
Melrose 136
White 136
Menagere 91
Mere de Menage 137
Mermaid 251
Merveille de Portland 251
De Miche 251
Mignonne, Siely's 184
Milch Apfel 219
Mitchelson's Seedling 138
Monkton 139
Monster, Herefordshire 240
Moore's Seedling 139
Morden Bloom 252
Round 252
Striped 252
Mother Apple 252
Mother Apple 149
Motteux's Seedling 32
Monnt Stewart 253
Moulin a Vent 253
Mouse Apple 253
Murphy 253
Museau de Lie\Te 156
Must, Red 164
White 281
My Jo Janet 254
Nanny 140
De Neige 141
Nelson 141
Never Fail 133
Newark, Harrison's 239
Newington, Shepherd's 270
Newtown Pippin 143
Newtown Pippin 22
Lord Gwydyr's ... 21
American 143
Green 143
Green 170
Large 143
Large Yellow 143
Large Yellow 212
Yellow 212
Nine Square 255
Noblesse de Gand 255
Nompareil 145
Nonsuch 144
Langton 144
Nonesuch 144
Biggs's 37
Bowes's 219
Clifton 82
Hampshire 239
Hubbardston 241
Round Winter 174
Watson's New 205
Page.
Nonesuch Park 255
Nonpareil 145
American 215
d'Angleterre 145
Antrim 215
Black 218
Braddick's ' 43
Cornish 224
Ditton 43
Downton 229
Early 76
English 145
Pair's 81
Plat 233
Pormosa 233
Green 155
Golden 236
Hunt's 145
Hunt's Royal 141
Lacxfs 76
Margate 250
Martin 135
Nexo 76
New Scarlet 179
Old 145
Original 145
Petworth 155
Pitmaston 157
Pitmaston Russet 157
Redding's 262
Ross 173
Royal 267
Russet-Coated 259
St. John's 157
Scarlet 179
Stagg's 76
Stubton 273
Summer 76
Sweeny 193
Symonds's 276
White 281
Wright's 283
Norfolk Pippin 20
Norman, Knotted 245
Red 261
Normanton Wonder 72
Northern Spy 256
Nottingham 256
Oak Peg 256
Oaken Pin 256
Oaks 256
Ochiltree 256
Ognon 256
Oidaker's New 21
Old Maid's 124
Oliver's 257
Onion, Spanish 272
OrackElma 257
Orange 257
Blenheim 38
Isle of Wight 117
Oranje Appel, Engelse 117
Ord's Apple 148
INDEX.
299
Page.
Orgeline 149
Orglon 149
Orjeline 149
Orme 257
Ordei/ 210
Oslin 149
Scotch 149
Summer 149
White 149
Osterley Apple 150
Ox Apple 91
Pack-Horse 257
Painted Lady 257
Paradise, Norfolk 147
Summer Sweet 274
White 203
Paris-apfel 48
Parmdne, Englische Konigs 174
Scharlachrothe 179
Parmain d'Hiver 208
Parmentier 257
Pass-pomm, Rothe Sommer 153
Passe-pomme 155
Passe-pomme 50
d'Automne 152
de Canada 175
Cotellee 152
Panachee 156
Rouge 153
Pouge d'Automne ... 152
Passe-rose 25
Paternoster 91
Paternoster Apfel 74
Pawsan 153
Peach, American 215
American 156
Irish 116
Oxford 179
Pear Apple 258
Pearemaine 208
Pearmaine, Great 208
Pearmain 208
Pearmain, Adams's 20
American 192
American Summer 23
Arundel 112
Augustus 27
Autumn 192
Barcelona 30
Baxter's 32
Bell's Scarlet 179
Benwell's 35
Blue 258
Bristol 4.0
Capper's 221
Chester 55
Claygate 55
Double 174
Drue Summer 192
Earl of Yarmouth's 151
Earli/ Summer 23
Federal 82
Foulden 87
Pearmain, Gestreifter Sommer 192
Gilliflower 235
Golden 94
Golden Winter 99
Grange's 101
Hammon's 113
Herefordshire 174
Hertfordshire 174
Hormead 112
Horrex's 87
Hubbard's 113
Kernel 243
Kilkenny 122
Lamb Abbey 125
Laneb Abbey 125
Loan's 127
Mannington's 131
Merveille 174
Old 208
Oxnead 15I
Panson's 257
Parry's 152
Polinia 30
Royal 174
Royal de longue duree 174
Ruckman's 94
Rushock 176
Russet 113
Ru.sset Table 176
Scarlet 179
Spanish 272
Speckled _ 30
Summer 192
Sussex Scarlet 275
Vale Mascal 199
Wick 205
Wickham's 205
Winter 2O8
Peckman 258
Pennington's Seedling 154
Pepin d' Or 95
Peppeling, Kcenings 95
Pepping Downton's 68
Engelsche Goud 95
Engelsche Konings,
of Kings 174
Englischer Kleiner Stein 147
Gold 95
Goud 95
Goudelings 95
Grauive, of Blanke Van
der Laan 208
Litle 95
Marmorirter Sommer ... 250
Rother Keniischer 121
Zeeuwsche , 208
Peppins, Guolden 95
Permanent 258
Pcrmein Drue d'Angleterre 208
Permenes 2O8
Peter Lely Zoete 284
Petit Jean 154
PetAvorth Seedling 258
300
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Phoenix Apple 77
Pickman 258
Pigeon 155
Biyane 156
Rouge 155
Pigeonnet 156
Blanc 156
Blanc (TEte 156
Gi-os de Runen 156
Pine-Apple 129
Lucombe's 129
Pinner Seedling 157
Pintstoup, Sweet 275
Pipe, Englische Gelbe 95
Pipfiin, Alderston 215
Alihorpe 134
American Newtown 143
Arbroath 149
Aromatic 60
Autumn Golden 216
Baddow 28
Balgone 95
Balgone Golden 95
Balgown 95
Bahnanno 216
Bay ford 95
Beat's 217
Belledge 34
Beve Court 36
Birmingham 37
Bland's Orange 218
■ Blenheim 38
Boatswain's 260
Bowyer\ Golden 42
Brcedon 43
Bridgewater 44
Bringewood 45
Broad-eyed 46
Brawn Cockle 57
BriimvuK^e 37
Bidlock's 182
Cambridge 34
Cambusnethan 221
Carberry 221
Christie's 55
Clara 56
Claremont 206
Cley 223
Clove 223
Cluster 56
Cluster Golden 56
Cobbetts Fall 166
Cockle 57
Cockle's 57
Colonel Plarboid's 59
Court of Wick 63
Cracked 245
Cray 65
Crimson 226
Croom 225
Cumberland 225
Dalmahoy 225
Darling 66
Page,
Pippin, Darlington 226
Dr. Helsliam's 68
Dowell's 68
Downton 68
Dredge's Golden 244
Duke of Beaufort's 72
Easter 20()
Edmonton's Aromatic 121
Eldon 231
Elford 77
Elton 68
Elton Golden 68
Embroidered 232
Embroidered 83
Engli^e 98
English Golden 95
Essex 80
Fall 22
Fall 166
Earleigh 81
Farley 81
Fartliing's 233
Fearn's 82
Ferris 82
Flanders 84
Five-Crowned 128
Florence 82
Forfiir 233
Formosa ; 171
Franklin's Golden 89
French 234
French 254
Frith 131
Fr7j's 63
Gargey 234
Garret 40
Girkm 211
Gogar 92
Golden 95
Grange's 101
Grey Leadington 1 04
Greaves's 237
Green Newton 143
Green Newtown 170
Green Winter 143
Greenup's 103
Greenus's 103
Griddleton 238
Grummaye ^. 37
Grumas's 37
Haggerston 239
Hampshire Yellow Golden 99
Harvey's 107
Hawberry 110
Henry's Weeping 240
Hertfordshire Golden 95
Hermann's 109
Holland 110
Hollow^-crowned 112
Hollow-eyed 112
Hormead 112
Horsley 110
How's 241
INDEX.
301
Page
Pippin, fiowJerry 110
Hughes'sGolden 114
Hiighea's New Golden 114
Ironstone 21)6
Isleof Wight 117
Jackson's ^ 242
Jones's Southampton 99
Jubilee 38
Jul// 75
Juh/, Edrhj 75
K'-(iaic'Ston 243
Kenipslei's 38
Kentish 32
Kentish 120
Kentish 121
Kerry 121
Keston 244
Kingsicick 63
Kirke's Golden 244
Kirke's Lemon 126
Kirton 46
Kirton Ill
Kirton 245
Knight's 68
Knight's Golden 68
Knight's Lemon 245
Laily Louisa 246
Large Fall 166
Lar ge Newtown 143
Large Yelloiv Newtown 143
Large Yellow Newtown 212
Lawrence's New White ... 247
Lemon 126
Leyden 247
Lincohishire Holland 127
London 128
London Golden m5
Lovedon's 145
Lucas's 249
Marygold 250
Marmalade 134
Michael Henry 251
Middleton 242
Milton Golden 95
Mollet's Guernsey 251
Monkland 138
Monstow's 94
Monstrous 91
Moorhen 252
Jioxhay 253
Munches 1.33
Munster 253
Newark 254
Neio Cluster Golden 244
New England 254
New Golden 244
New London 128
New Rock 142
Newton 143
Newtown 143
Newtown 22
New-York 144
Norfolk 20
Page.
Pippin,Norfolk Stone 147
Normandy 256
Northwick 38
Nottingham 148
Nutmeg 57
Nutmeg Cockle 57
Old Golden 95
Old Park 256
Orange 117
Original 149
Osterley 150
Padley's 151
Pad ley's Royal George 151
Paradise 203
Parsonage 257
Petersburgh 143
Pie ilO
Pine- Apple 129
Pomegranate 186
Ponto 159
Pound 260
Prussian 61
Ravelston 163
Red Kentish 121
Ked Sweet 262
Rihston 171
Rigby's 265
Rival Golden 63
Rival Golden 215
Eobinsoii's 172
liodmersliam 265
Russet Golden 95
St. Mary's 68
Salopian 268
Scarlet Golden 269
Screveton Golden 180
Shepherd's 21
Silver 271
Simpson s 148
Slade's 271
Small Golding 95
South Carolina 271
Spencer's 272
Stettin 74
Stone 37
Stone 92
Stone 147
Stonyroyd 273
Striped Holland 127
Strode-House 273
Stunner 187
Sudlow's Fall 89
Sugar Loaf 190
Summer 191
Summer 130
Summer 110
Summer Golden 191
Sweet 275
Taunton Golden 194
Thorul 205
Thorle 205
Travers's 171
Twi7i Cluster 56
302
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Pippin, Valleyfield 278
Van 278
Vaun's 121
Veiny 199
Wadhurst 200
Warter's Golden] 95
Warwickshire 211
Welsch 134
West Grinstead 201
Wlaeniel's 280
White 147
White Cockle 57
White Stone 147
White Summer 191
Wliitmore 205
Wliorle 205
Wick's 63
Williams's 282
Woodstock 38
Woolaton 64
Wormsley 210
Wyken 211
Yellow 254
Yellow Newtown 212
Pippins, King of the 123
King of the 99
Pipping, Gulden 95
Leadington's Grauer 1 04
Wyker 98
Plate, American 95
Pearson's 154
Pome de Praise 48
Rembures 162
Pomeroy 158
Early 230
New" 255
Winter 282
Pomewater 159
Pommed'Anii 82
d'Api 23
d'Api Gros 25
d'Apict 23
d'Apis 23
Appease 25
d'Astrachan 202
de Bardin 83
de Berlin 64
Caructere 83
Carl 135
de Ceiise 54
de Charles 135
de Coin 48
de Concomhre 49
Dieu 23
d^Ete 75
d'Etoille 25
Etoillee 25
de Framboise 48
Finale 135
Glace 48
Glace 49
de Glace 202
Granule 232
Page.
PommeGrelot 50
Grise 158
d'ftalie 250
Josephine 91
de Laak 74
Madame 98
Madame 263
Madaleine Grosse 50
Malecarle 135
de Malingre 49
Melon 91
de Notre Dame 162
d'Or 95
d' Orange 117
d' Outre-passe 152
Poire 145
Poire 259
de Prochain 40
Begelans j 61
Pose 23
Bose 25
Sonnette 50
Poor Man's Profit 259
Pope's Apple 160
Porte Tulipee 259
Porter 259
Portugal 167
Porstorffer 40
Postophe d' Hiver 40
Pound 259
Prager 169
Pride of the Ditches 184
Priestley 260
Primiting 118
Prince Royal 260
Princess Royal, Hulbert's 241
Princesse Noble 98
Princesse Noble 238
Princesse Noble Zoete 64
Prinzessinapfel, Grosser Edler . . . 238
Pyrus Astracanica 202
Quarendens Bed 67
Quarrenden, Devonshire 67
Striped 132
Quarentine 67
Bed 67
Quarrington 67
Devonshire 67
Queen 260
Queen Charlotte 260
Charlotte, Dredge's 229
Devonshire 227
Of Sauce 161
Summer 274
Queening, Cowarne 148
Cowarne 224
Crimson 225
Grey 238
Summer 274
Winter 209
Queen's 40
Quince 126
Quining, Winter 209
INDEX.
303
Page.
Quitlenapfel, Franzusischer 48
Emjlischer Winter ... 126
Ro'tlie Winter 51
Quodling 79
Quoining, Winter 209
liabine 162
Rambo , 162
Rambour 162
Rambour 260
Blanc 162
a Cutes Gros 48
d'Ete 162
Franc 162
d'Hiver 260
Oros 162
Kir lie's Schoner 110
Lothinger 162
Summer 162
Weisse Sommer 162
Hambourg 162
Rambourge 162
Rambourger Friiher 162
Range 261
De Rateau 166
Rather Ripe 261
Rawling, Red Streaked 165
RedAisle 261
Bag 261
Coat 261
Red, Pennock's 258
Red, Pry or 's 260
Red Winter, Pennock's 258
Pennock's Large 258
Red-Streak 233
Red-Streak 1 64
Bovey 219
Carse 222
Devonshire 227
Dorsetshire 229
Herefordshire 164
Keei^ing 120
Kernel 244
Rawling's Fine 166
Winter 221
Reed's Baker 146
Reinette, Aechte Graue Franzosische 169
d'Aix 98
d'Allemagne 40
d'Angleterre 95
Autumn 216
Batarde 40
Baumann 262
Biscliofifs 217
Blanche 168
Blanche 262
Blanche or Franche 168
dife Prime 168
d'Espagne 166
Bordeauer Gold 236
De Breda 166
Be Caen 167
Calrillee 262
Canada 167
Page,
Reinette De Canada 167
Blanche 167
a Cotes 167
Grise 175
Plalte 175
Du Canada 167
Canadian 167
Des Carmes 30
Carpentin 167
Cassel 30
Christ's Gold 222
Golden 74
Deutsche Gold 222
Citronen 222
De Citron 222
DeClareval 262
Contin 60
Courtpendu 83
Rouge 64
Crede's Quitten 225
Credos Giilten 225
Diel 168
Dietzer Rothe Mandel . . . 227
Doree 74
Doroe 263
Royale 245
De Done 263
Diap d'Or 83
Early French 75
Evglische Bilschel 56
Englische Spitals 193
Englische Granat 232
English 95
D'Espagne 166
Forellen 265
Franclie 168
Franz 168
Franzosische Edel 1 68
French 168
French 234
Gaesdonker Gold 234
Gelbe Zucker 169
Gielen 98
Glanz 235
Gold Von Bordeaux 236
Golden 98
De Goslinga 83
Grise 169
D'Angleterre Petit 263
D'Automne 263
De Champagne ...... 83
Doree 263
Extra 169
Frangaise 169
De Granville 263
Haute Bonte 108
D'Hiver 169
De HoUande 263
Nevr 255
Grosse d'Angleterre 263
d'Angleterre 167
de Canada 167
Englische 167
304
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Page.
Heinette, Grosse Oder Doppelte
Casseler 74
Grilne 170
De Havre 263
Hollandische Gold 74
Hollow-eyed 240
])e Hongrie 263
Irish 117
Jaune Hative 26.3
Sucree 169
Tardive 263
Kirke's Golden 98
Kleine Casseler 30
Graue 167
Konigs 245
Kriiuter 245
DeLaak 264
Marbree 263
Menonisten 251
Michaux 264
De Misnie 40
Muscat 253
Musquee 253
Naine 264
Novpareil 145
Du Nord 264
De Normandie 168
D'Orleans 264
Phillips's 63
Picte'e 264
Proliferous 161
Quince 264
Quitten 264
Rousse 30
Royal 175
Saffran 268
Selwood's 181
Speckled Golden 30
Spice 272
Striped Monstrous 189
Tachetee 265
Tendre 166
Tres Tardive 265
Trevoider 277
Truite 265
Tyroler Glanz 235
Uclluei's Gold 198
Van Mons 169
De Vigan 265
Verte 170
Wahre 167
Weisse 168
WeisseAntillische Winter 279
Wacks 279
Wellington's 72
White Spanish 166
Winter Anis 82
Yellow German 98
Zimmet 284
Renet, Golden 98
Renett, Grauwe Franse 169
Renette, Groene 170
Groene Franse 170
Poge
Rennet, Golden 98
Monstrous 252
Mother 253
Rhode Island 91
Ribston, Small 133
Spring 28
Rival 265
Rob Roy 265
Roi Tres Noble 231
Rolland 34
Romaine 265
Romanite , 162
Roman Stem 265
Romril 266
Rosalind 266
Rose Apple 266
Rose de China 172
Rose, Summer 274
Rosenapi 25
Rosmarinapfel i?o;Aer 50
Weisse Italienische 279
Rostocker 266
Rovge de Chartreux 49
Rougham Seedling 266
Round Head 267
Rowe's Seedling 267
Royal George 267
Jersey 267
Shepherd 176
Somerset 128
Royale 268
Rubenapfel 25
Ruby, Winter 283
Russet, Acklam's 20
Aclemy 20
Ai'omatic 26
Boston 42
Bowyer's 42
Byson Wood 47
Dredge's 229
French 234
Golden 99
Hardingham's 156
Harvey's 239
Horsham 112
Irish 178
Keeping 120
Knobbed 124
Knobby 124
Morris's 140
Nonpareil 140
NeU'jorker 143
Nine Partner's Little 255
Nonpareil 140
Patch's 152
Pile's 156
Pine- Apple 156
Pitmaston Nonpareil 259
Powell's 161
Pyle's 156
Putman's 42
Rosemary 173
Royal 175
INDEX.
;305
Page.
TLxisset St. Helena 167
Sandy's 269
Sharp's 270
Shippen's 42
Striped Nonpareil 273
Sweet 276
Sweeting 276
Sykehouse 193
Wheeler's 201
White 281
Wine 282
Russetting, Aromatic or Golding ... 99
Roxbury 42
Russian 273
Russian Emperor 77
Rymer 177
Sabine 102
Sack Apple 67
Sack and Sugar 177
St. Patrick 268
Sam Rawlings 110
Sam Young 178
Sanguineus 141
Sanguinole 51
Sapling Bark ." 269
Sapson 186
Sapsonvine 186
De Sauge 269
St. Lawrence 268
St Julien 177
Scarlet Keeper 269
Perfume 59
Schafer ..". 269
Scotsman 269
Scottish Chief 269
SeaCiilT 269
Seal, Wliite 281
Sedgefield 270
Seek-no -farther 181
Seek-no-farther 213
American 162
Seigneur dHOrsay 177
Sergeant 270
Shagreen 270
Shakespere 182
Sheep's Nose 182
Shepherd's Seedling 21
Shireling 246
Shustoke 270
Siberian Crab 54
Siberian Sugar 270
Silverling 270
Simpson's Seedling 271
Sir Walter BhickeCs Favorite 231
8ir William Gibbon's 184
Sleeping Beauty 185
Winter 185
Small Stalk 185
So'ehary Cider 220
Sommerapfel, Astracanischer 202
Rothe Wiener 266
Sonnette 271
Sops in Wine 186
Sops of Wine 186
Souring, Hanwell 106
Sovereign 271
Spaniard 272
French 234
Spatbliihende 272
Spice Apple 186
Early 76
Spitzemberg 186
English 144
Pownal 260
Spitzenberg ^sopus 80
Burlington 144
Newtown 144
Spitzenburgh ^sopws 80
Esopus 80
Flushing 85
True 80
Square, Hutton 115
Stirzaker's Early 188
Standard 272
Sternapfel 25
Stibbert, Summer 25^7*
Stetting Rouge 266
Stettiner Rothe 266
Stire 86
Stirhng Castle 273
Storing, Norfolk 206
Straat 273
Strawberry, Early 230
Summer 192
Winter 283
Streak, Golden 99
Striefling d' Hiver 215
Leitheimer 247
Styre, Forest 86
Norman 255
White 281
Sugar and Brandy 190
Sudbury Beauty 273
Summer Traveller 132
Sussex 275
Swaar 275
Sweet Harvest 125
Sweeting, Hampstead 239
Ladies' 246
St. Patrick's 268
Wetherel's White 280
Sykehouse 193
Tankerton 276
Tankerville 276
Tart, Mansfield 249
Taubenapfel, Rothe ... 155
Taubenartige Apfel 155
Taubenfarbige Apfel isg
Ten Shillings 195
Tenterden Park 195
Tetofsky 276
Tete du Chat 266
Teuchat's Egg 195
Summer 195
Thickset 55
Thickset 276
306
BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC.
Page.
Thoresby Seedling 277
Thorle, Summer 205
Tiffing, Green 102
Scarlet 180
Tom Potter 277
Tower of Glammis 196
Transparent Apple 202
Muscovite 202
Russian 202
Wood's 63
Transparent de Zurich 277
Traubenapfel 23
Traveller 277
Travelling Queen 277
Treadle-Hole 197
Tnimpeter 197
Trumpington 197
Tulip 198
Tulip, Dutch 198
Tulp 198
Tulpen 198
Turk's Cap 198
Turpin 277
Twickenham 278
Two Yearling 278
Underleaf 278
Vandervere 278
VanDpie 210
Victoria, Hulbert's 241
Violet 199
Violette ^ 199
De Quatres Gouts 199
Virgin, Green 238
Scotch 204
White 204
Wacks Apfel 279
Wallace Wight 279
Walmer Court 148
Waltham Abbey Seedling 200
Wanstall 200
Ward Apple 279
Warden, Winter 283
Watch Apple 221
Wax, Ea,rly 77
Weeper, Scarlet 269
Weiner Maschanzkerl 40
Wellington 72
AVestling, White 204
White Apple 109
White Leaf 281
White Lily 66
Dredge's 66
White Sour, Devonshire 227
Wilding, Devonshire 227
Eoyal 268
Sweet Little 275
William 281
Williams's Favorite 282
Wiltshire Defiance, Harvey's 107
Wine 282
Green 238
Eed 262
Tulip 277
Twin 278
White 204
Windham's Seedling 282
Winter Apple 124
Winter Bush, Tewkesbury 276
Scarlet 283
Winter Sweet 226-
Witch, Lancashire 247
Wise Apple 64
Witte Leipziger 40
Woodcock 210
Green 103
New 255
Wood Nymph 283
Wood's Huntingdon 63
Woodpecker 29
Woolman's Long 210
Wyger's 98
Wyn, Witte 283
Yellow Harvest 75
Prince's 75
Yoicng's Long Keepirg 206
Seedling 284
Zirometapfel, Gestreifter Sommer 234
Zweibelapfel 266
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