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TREATISE

ON

EDINBURGH :
PRINTED AT THE CALEDONIAN MERCURY PRESS.

TREATISE

ox

MINERALOGY,

OR THE

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MINERAL KINGDOM.

BY

* I f

FREDERICK MOHS,

PROFESSOR IN THE MINING ACADEMY OF FREIBERG.

Translated from the German, with considerable Additions,

BY

WILLIAM HAIDINGER, F.R.S.E.

EDINBURGH :

PRINTED FOR ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO. EDINBURGH
AND HURST j ROBINSON, AND CO. LONDON.

1825.

7 -A

CONTENTS OF VOL. Ill,

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

order ai. oiance
Order XI T. Blende

i

:u

Order Xlli. Sulphur

47

class nr.

Order I. Resin

56

OftDER II- Coal

(A

APPENDIX I.

Minerals, the greater part of which will probably form in
future distinct Species in the Mineral System 07

APPENDIX II.

Minerals, which will probably never form distinct Specie?

in the Mineral System . . 1 77

Plates and Explanations ■ 1st)

Index . ! :

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Order XL GLANCE.
Genus L COPPER-GLANCE.
1. TETRAHEDRAL COPPER-GLANCE.

Tetrahedral Copper-Pyrites. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 315.
Tetraliedral Copper-Glance. Man. p. 276. Grey Copper.
Fahlerz. Phill. p. 300. Fahlerz. Scliwarzerz. Wern.
Hoffm. H. B. III. 2. S. 119. 127- Kupferfahlerz.
Sehwarzgiltigerz. Graugiltigerz ? Hausm. I. S. 164.
166. 168. Fahlerz. Leonh. S. 262. Cuivre gris.
Hadt. Trait^ T. III. p. 537. TabL comp. p. 86.
Traits 2de Ed. T. III. p. 441.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.
Simple forms. H (/); 2- (P) VoL I. Fig. 13.,

Kapnik, Transylvania; — ^(*)Vol.LFig.l4.;

D (o) Vol. I. Fig. 31. ; A«, Vol. I. Fig. 32 ; *,

2

Vol. I. Fig. 17. ; ^ (J) Vol. I. Fig. 15., Kapnik;

~(r) Vol. I. Fig. 16.
Char, of Comb. Semi-tessular with inclined faces.
Combinations. 1. ~. — ^. Fig. 158., Kapnik,

% H. %. Cornwall.

3. J. ^. Vol. I. Fig. 77. Kapnik.

VOt. III. A

2

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

4. °. — ^. Vol. I. Fig. 78. Hauy.

5. H. y. D. Fig. 160. Schwatz, Tyrol.

6. y« D. ~. The individuals of Fig. 161.
Dillenburg.

Cleavage, octahedron, imperfect. Fracture con-
choidal, of different degrees of perfection. Sur-
face : the tetrahedron and the trigonal dode-

cahedron in the normal position, (§ and C ^),

generally irregularly streaked, parallel to their
common edges of combination, not rough ; the
dodecahedron sometimes a little rough ; the te-
trahedron in the inverse position very rough.
Some varieties are subject to tarnish.

Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey ... iron-black.
Streak unchanged, sometimes inclining to brown.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 3 0 ... 4 0. Sp. Gr.
= 5-104, from Cremnitz ; = 4 950, from Kap-
nik ; = 4*798, from Schwatz.

Compound Varieties* Twin-crystals : 1. Axis
of revolution perpendicular, face of composition
parallel to a face of the octahedron; the indivi-
duals are continued beyond the face of composition.
Fig. 161. Massive : composition granular, of va-
rious sizes of individuals, strongly connected, and
often impalpable ; fracture uneven.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The varieties comprised within the species of tetrahe-
dral Copper-pyrites are so different from each other, and

ORDER xi. TETR AHEDRAL COPPER-GLAKCE. S

in part even in such properties as possess the greatest influ-
ence on their natural-historical determination, that the possi-
bility cannot be denied of their requiring in future a division
into several species. Mineralogists have not hitherto succeed-
ed in fixing the limits required for this distinction, and the
present imperfect state of our information leaves us nothing to
do but to consider them as varieties of one and the same spe-
cies. Perhaps the difference between the Antintonial and the
Arsenical Grey Copper, the Schwarzerz and Fahlerz of Werner,
is founded in nature, though the characters upon which
their distinction depends, are particularly Colour, Fracture,
and Lustre, in all of which we meet very often with com-
plete transitions. It would be improper to reflect here on
the chemical composition, since this can be properly judg-
ed of only after having previously completed the determi-
nation of the species. The colour of the Fahlerz ap-
proaches more to steel-grey ; its fracture is uneven, and it
possesses low degrees of lustre ; while the Schwarzerz is
nearly iron-black, and has a bright, more or less perfect con-
choidal fracture. There are certain varieties of both, which
can be distinguished at first sight ; but other varieties pre-
senting intermediate stages in the passages of these pro-
perties, have hitherto baffled all attempts to reduce the
differences to fixed limits.

2. Klaproth obtained the following results from ana-
lysing two varieties of tetrahedral Copper-glance, one of
Fahlerz and one of Schwarzerz.

Other varieties contain the same ingredients in other pro-
portions. Some, moreover, contain zinc, or mercury, or
lead, and in some varieties as much as 13^ per cent, of
silver has been discovered, in others a small quantity of
gold. They differ in their reactions before the blowpipe.

Copper 48-00
Arsenic 1400
Antimony 0-00
Sulphur 10 00
Iron 25-60
Silver 0-50

40-25.

075.
23-00.
18-50.
13-50.

0-30.

4

PHYSIOGRAPHY

CLASS II.

Some yield arsenic, others antimony, when roasted, and the
residue melts in different ways. After roasting, they yield
a globule of copper.

3. The tetrahedral Copper-glance partakes in the modes
of occurrence of the pyramidal Copper-pyrites, and is found
in beds and veins ; but it occurs seldom or not at all-in the
repositories of Tin-ore. It is accompanied by the same
minerals as pyramidal Copper-pyrites, frequently also by
prismatic Hal-baryte.

4. Varieties considered as Fahlerz are found in veins near
Freiberg in Saxony, and in beds in Anhalt, in the county
of Gomor in Hungary, in Stiria, &c. ; varieties called
Schwarzerz are met with in veins at Schwatz and other
places in Tyrol, at Kapnik in Transylvania, at Cremnitz
in Hungary, also at Clausthal and Andreasberg hi the
Hartz. Tetrahedral Copper-glance occurs besides in the
neighbourhood of Dillenburg; in Mansfeld; in small quan-
tities at Airthrie and other places in Scotland ; in Cornwall,
and in America.

2. PRISM ATOIDAL COPPER-GLANCE,

Prismatic Antimony-Glance. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p.
407. Prismatoidal Copper-Glance. Man. p. 277.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid of
unknown dimensions. Vol. I. Fig. 7.

Simple forms. P + a> (M ) ; P r (P) ; P r + oo (/*).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic. Combination. 1. Pr.

J* P + a>. P r + oo. Sim. Fig. 9. „

Cleavage, Pr + co rather perfect, though inter-
rupted. Fracture imperfect conchoidal. Surface
rough.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Brittle. Hardness = 3 0. Sp. Gr. = 5*735.

OKDEH xi. DI-PRISMATIC COPPER-GLANCE. 5

Compound Varieties. Massive: composition
granular, individuals strongly connected.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The prismatoidal .Copper-glance has been hitherto
found only in the beds of brachytypous Parachrose-baryte
at St Gertraud near Wolfsberg in the valley of Lavant in
Carinthia. It is very uearly allied to the following species.
It will depend upon future accurate examinations, particu-
larly of its regular forms, whether or not the varieties of
the two species are identical. *

2. Before the blowpipe the present species gives very
nearly the same results as the following one. It appears
to contain sulphur, antimony, lead, and copper, and it
yields also a little silver, for the extraction of which it is
collected by the miners, without, however, properly speak-
ing, being an object of mining.

3. DI-PRISMATIC COPPER-GLANCE.

Axifrangible Antimony-Glance, or Bournonite. Jam.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 399. Bournonite. Triple Sulphuret.
Piiill. p. 33G. Schwarzspiesglaserz. Wern. Hoffm.
H. B. IV. 1. S. 111. Bleitahlerz. Spiessglanzbleierz.
Hausm. I. S. 170. 173. Bournonit* Leonh. S. 155.
Ploxnb sulfur** antimonifere. Hauy. Tabl. comp. p. 80.
Antimoine sulfure' plombo-euprifere. Traits de Crist.
T. II. p. 483.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 136° 7', 66° 13', 133° 3'. Vol. I. Fig. 9. Ap.

a : b : C = 1 : J 1137 : y/ 0 226.

Simple forms. P — oo (k) ; P — 1 ; P (P) ;
(fr _ iy (^) = H4° 14', 115° <T, 109° 16';

• The present species was determined by Professor Mohs, be-
fore he was acquainted with any of the varieties of the following
one. Though it is likely that they do not present any specific
difference, it would be too precipitate to unite them, without
being capable of affording a demonstration of their identity. H.

6

PHYSIOGllAl'HV

CLASS II.

(Pr+oo) 5 (n)=96°31'; (Pr— 8)*; (Pr— 1)*;
pr — 1 (e) z= 129° 45'; Pr (d) =r 93° 4(X;
P r + 1 (/) = 54° 48'; Pr + oo (*); Pr— 1 (o)
= 87° 8'; fPr = 64°44'; Pr (p) = 50° 51' ;
+ oo (r).
Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. P — od. Pr— 1. Pr. Pr -f oc.

Pr + oo. Fig. 24. Braunsdorf, Saxony.
& P — as. Pr — 1. P. (pr + oo) 5 . Pr + oo.

Pr + oo. Neusohl, Hungary.
8. P — ». Pr — 1, Pr. Pr + l. Pr— 1.

(Pr_l)s # p. p r . (p r + oo)», Pr+a).

Pr -f oo. Fig. 181. Cornwall.
4. P — oo. Pr— 1. Pr — 1. P — 1. Pr. f Pr.

(Pr— I) 3 . (Pr — 2) 5 . Pr. (Pr — 1)'. P.

(Pr+ oo) 3 . Pr -f- go. Pr + oo. Neudorf, Anhalt.
Cleavage, imperfect ; the most distinct is parallel
to Pr -f oo, less distinct cleavages are observed
parallel to P — oo and Pr -f qd ; traces of Pr — 1
and (Pr-}-oo) 3 . Fracture conchoidal, uneven.
Surface, nearly equal in all the forms, often
highly smooth and splendent. The stria? paral-
lel to the intersections with Pr almost always de-
pend upon regular composition.
Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey, inclining to
blackish lead-grey or iron-black, according to the
physical quality of the surface. Streak un-
changed.

Brittle. Hardness = 2-5 . . . 3 0. Sp. Gr. = 5 763,
crystals from Anhalt.

ORDEii XI. DI-PMSMATIC COPPER-GLANCE.

7

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals: axis of re-
volution perpendicular, face of composition parallel
to a face of the horizontal prism Pr. The indivi-
duals are generally continued beyond the face of
composition. The axes of two individuals cross
each other at angles of 93° 40' and 86° 20'. The
composition is frequently repeated in parallel layers,
and forms striae upon the faces, particularly upon
the pyramid P, and upon the prism f r itself, but
also upon those which produce with it parallel edges
of combination. The situation of these striae is
useful for discovering the true position of the faces
of pyramids and prisms. Massive: composition
granular, strongly connected.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Two varieties, one from Cornwall, and another from
Clausthal, have yielded to Kxaproth,

Antimony 28-50 19-15.

Lead 39-00 42-50.

Copper 13-50 11*75.

Iron 1*00 5*00.

Sulphur 1C-00 18-00.
Before the blowpipe upon charcoal it melts, smokes, and
yields afterwards a black globule. In a strong heat the
charcoal becomes covered with oxide of lead. It is easily
soluble in heated nitric acid.

2. Di-prismatic Copper-glance has been hitherto found
only in veins, and is accompanied by axotomous and pris-
matoidal Antimony-glance, hexahedral Lead-glance, dode-
cahedral Garnet-blende, &c.

3. The first varieties of this species noticed by mineralo-
gists were those from Cornwall, where they occur with
axotomous Antimony-glance in Wheal Boys in the pa*
rish of Endellion near Redruth. Another variety, from

8

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS 11.

Kapnik in Transylvania, where it is found with dodecahe-
dral Garnet-blende, tetrahedral Copper-glance, &c. had
likewise been known long ago. It has been found after-
wards in large and magnificent crystals, at Neudorf in An-
halt, also at Andreasberg in the Hartz. It occurs at Brauns-
dorf in Saxony in a vein of rhombohedral Quartz, contain-
ing argentiferous prismatic Arsenical-pyrites, at Neusohl in
Hungary, at OrTenbanya in Transylvania, with ores of gold,
and in other localities.

"?4. PRISMATIC COPPER-GLANCE.

Rhomboidal Copper-Glance, or Vitreous Copper-Ore. Jam.
Syst Vol. HI. p. 328. Prismatic Copper-Glance, or
Vitreous Copper. Man. p. 278. Vitreous Copper. Sul-
phuret of Copper. Phill. p. 297. Kupferglas. Wehn.
HofFra. H. B. III. 2. S. 103. Kupferglanz. Hausm.
I. S. 142. Kupferglanz. Leonh. S. 254. Cuivre
sulfurd Hauy. Traite, T. III. p. 551. Tabl. comp. p.
87- Traits, 2de Ed. T. III. p. 454.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 126° 52', 125° 22', 80° 6'. Vol. I. Fig. 9. Ap.

a ; b : C — 1 : J 2*96 : *J 2-80.

Simple forms. P — oo ; P (P) ; (Pr -}- oo) 3 (d)
= 63° 48'; (Py (a) = I48°20', 65° 28', 124° 11';
(Pr + oo) 5 (e) = 1 H° 16' ; P r (o) = 119° 35' ;
f P r + 1 = 97° 41' ; Pr + <*(/?); Pr + oo (s).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. Pr. Pr oo. Pr + oo.

% (P) 3 . (Pr -f oo) 5 . Pr + oo. Sim. Fig. 7.

The individuals of Fig. 41.
3. ?r. P. (P) 5 . (Pr-f oo) 5 . P r + oo. Pr + oo.
Sim. Fig. 30. All of them from Cornwall.

Cleavage, traces of P r, very imperfect. Frac-
ture conchoidal. Surface, most of the forms
smooth, only the faces parallel to the axis, and

ORDER XI. PRISMATIC COPPER-GLANCE.

9

particularly Pr -f oo, are streaked parallel to their

common intersections, often deeply furrowed.
Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak

unchanged, sometimes shining.
Very sectile. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3 0. Sp. Gr. =

5-695, the compact variety from the Bannat.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : 1. Axis of
revolution perpendicular to one or to both faces of
P r; face of composition parallel to it; Sim, Fig.
38., only that the re-entering angles between I and
I are filled up ; 2. Axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar, face of composition parallel to a face of (Pr) 3 ,
the individuals are continued beyond the face of
composition, Fig. 41. The inclination of s on $' is
equal to that of the acute terminal edge of (Pr) 5 =
88° 9 / on one side, and = 91° 51' on the other; the
respective inclinations of a on a! are = 153° 37' and
= 157° 19 / . Massive: composition granular, of
various sizes of individuals, generally small, and
often impalpable ; in the last case, the fracture be-
comes uneven, even or flat conchoidal. Plates.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The division of Vitreous Copper in the Wernerian
system, into foliated and compact Vitreous Copper, depends
upon the state of mechanical composition and the perfec-
tion of cleavage. But few varieties only are comprehended
in the first subspecies, namely, such us possess a granular
composition and distinct traces of cleavage. Far the greater
part is compact Vitreous Copper, which embraces not only
the compact varieties, consisting of impalpable individuals,

10 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

but by a curious anomaly also the crystals, in which but
indistinct traces of cleavage can be observed. There exist
transitions among all these varieties.

2. According to Klaproth, it consists of

Copper 76-50 78-50.

Sulphur 22-00 18-50.

Iron 0-50 2'25.

Silica 000 0-75.
It is the sulphuret of copper, Cu S, in which the propor-
tion of copper and sulphur is, according to Berzelius, =
79-73 : 20-27. In the oxidating flame of the blowpipe it
melts and emits with a noise glowing drops. In the re-
ducing flame it becomes covered with a coat, and does not
melt. If the sulphur has been driven off, a globule of cop-
per remains. In heated nitric acid the copper is dissolved,
and the solution assumes a green colour, but the sulphur
remains undissolved.

3. If we except the tetrahedral Copper-glance, the pre-
sent species is among those belonging to the genus, the one
which occurs most frequently in nature, both in beds and
veins. It is associated chiefly with other ores of copper,
with hexahedral Iron-pyrites, rhombohedral Quartz, &c
It is one of those minerals which, by decomposition, are
converted into copper-black.

4. Large and well defined crystals of this species occur in
several mines near Redruth and in other districts, in Corn-
wall. In that place, and in the vicinity of Freiberg, the
present species occurs in veins. Compound varieties, and in
a few rare instances also crystals, have been found in beds in
the Bannat of Temeswar, near Catharinenburg in Siberia, in
Mansfeld, in Hessia, &c. ; in the two last countries in bi-
tuminous shale. The fossil corn-ears, which were referred
by Linn^us to the genus Phalaris> from Frankenberg in
Hessia, consist in part of prismatic Copper-glance, and con-
tain often a little native Silver. Prismatic Copper-Glance
is found in the district of Siegen, in the mines of Kupfer-
berg and Rudelstadt in Silesia, in Sweden, Norway, and

ORDER XI. IIEXA1IED11AL SILVER-GLANCE.

11

other countries. The foliated variety is found in Corn-
wall, in the Bannat, in Siegen, and in Mansfeld.
5. It is a rich and highly valuable ore of copper.

Genus II. SILVER-GLANCE.
1. HEXAHEDRAL SILVER-GLANCE.

Hexahedral Silver-Glance. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 338.
Man. p. 279. Sulphuret of Silver. Vitreous Silver.
Phill. p. 288. GJaserz. Webn. Hoffm. H. B. III.
2. S. 57. Glanzerz. Hausm. I. S. 130. Silberglanz.
Leonh. S. 169. Argent sulfure'. Hauy. T. III. p.
398. Tabl. comp. p. 74. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III. p. 205.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.

Simple forms. H (r) Himmelsfurst, Freiberg ; O

•

(n) Vol. I. Fig. 2., Joachimsthal, Bohemia ; D

(s), Vol I. Fig. 81., Himmelsfurst; Ci (o)
Vol. I. Fig. 34?., Morgenstern mine, Freiberg.
Char, of Comb. Tessular.

Combinations. 1. H. O. Vol. I. Fig. 3. and 4.
% H. D. Fig. 151. 3. H. Ci. Fig. 153. 4. H.
O. D. Ci. All of them from the mines near
Freiberg.

Cleavage, sometimes traces parallel to the dodeca-
hedron. Fracture imperfect and small conchoi-
dal, uneven. Surface, nearly of the same de-
scription in all the forms, often uneven, and pos-
sessing low degrees of lustre. Subject to tarnish.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
shining.

Malleable. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2/5. Sp. Gr. =
7 190, crystals from Freiberg,

12

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

Compound Varieties. Reticulated, arborescent,
dentiform, filiform, and capillary shapes: indivi-
duals sometimes distinguishable, sometimes impalp-
able ; the dentiform and some other imitative shapes
are longitudinally streaked. Massive: composi-
tion impalpable ; fracture uneven. Plates, and
superficial coatings.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to Klaproth, the hexabedral Silver-glance
is composed of

Silver 85-00.

Sulphur 15*00.
It is Ag S*, according to Berzelius, which would make
the proportion = 87'05 : ]2 96. It is easily fusible before
the blowpipe, and intumesces, but it gives a globule of sil-
ver by a continuation of the blast. It is soluble in dilute
nitric acid.

'2. It has been hitherto found almost exclusively in veins,
accompanied by a great variety of species, particularly
ores of silver, lead, and antimony, dodecahedral Garnet-
blende, several species of the order Pyrites and of the genus
Ume-haloide. Sometimes, though rarely, it is found along
with hexahedral Gold. The rock adjoining the veins is often
impregnated with it, and it is itself often covered with
Silver-black, which sometimes owes its formation to the
decomposition of hexahedral Silver-glance.

3. There are but few localities where the present species
is found in any considerable quantity. It occurs at Frei-
berg, Marienberg, Annaberg, Schneeberg, Johanngeorgen-
stadt in Saxony • in Bohemia, principally at Joachimsthal ;
at Schemnitz and Cremnitz in Hungary, where it is
called Weichgcwaclis ; in the Koliwan mountains in Siberia,
in Mexico and Peru. It has been found in smaller quan-
tities, both massive and crystallised, in several mines of
Cornwall, in the Hartz, in Norway, in Dauphiny, &e.

ORDER XI. HEXAHEDRAL LE A.D-GL AXCE, 13

4. The hexahedral Silver-glance is an important species
for the extraction of silver.

Genus IIL LEAD-GLANCE.
1. HEXAHEDRAL LEAD- GLANCE.

Hexahedral Galena or Lead-glance. Jam. Syst. Vol. IIL
p. 353. Man. p. 280. Galena. Sulphuret of Lead. Blue
Lead. Phill. p. 332. 335. Bleiglanz. Blau-Bleierz.
Wern. Hoffm. HI B. IV. 1. S. 1. 13. Bleiscbweif.
Bleiglanz. Hausm. I. S. J 78. 170. Bleiglanz. Leonh.
S. 225. Plomb sulfure'. Hauy. Traite, T. III. p.
45G. TabL comp. p. 79. Traite', 2de Ed. T. IIL p. 341.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.

Simple forms. H (P), Freiberg ; O (c) Vol. I.
Fig. 2., Bleiberg; D (o) Vol. I. Fig. 31.; B (/)
Vol. I. Fig. 83. ; C* (z) Vol. I. Fig. 34.

Char, of Comb. Tessular.

Combinations. 1. H. O., Vol. I. Fig. 3. and 4. Al-
ston, Cumberland.
8. H. O. D. PfafFenberg mine, Anhalt.

3. H. O. C«. Przibram, Bohemia.

4. H. O. D. B. Fig. 155. Feistritz, Stiria.
Cleavage, hexahedron, highly perfect, and easily

obtained. Fracture conchoidal, seldom observ-
able. Surface, the hexahedron and the trigonal-
icositetrahedron streaked parallel to the edges of
combination with the octahedron. Sometimes
subject to tarnish.*

• Mr Allan first observed, in several specimens in his own
cabinet, that in some combinations of the hexahedron with the
octahedron from Alston, the faces of the octahedron are tar-
nished, and present iridescent tints, while those of the hexahe-
dron have retained their original lead-grey colour. H.

14

rilYSIOGIlAPllY.

CLASS II

Lustre metallic. Colour pure lead-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Rather sectile. Hardness = 2*5. Sp, Gr. = 7 568,
of a cleavable variety.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : face of
composition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar to a face of the octahedron. The individuals
either terminate at the face of composition, or they
reach beyond it, and are often compressed in the
direction of the axis of revolution. It is found at
Kapnik in Transylvania. Reticulated, tabular,
and some other imitative shapes, the individuals of
which are often still observable. Massive : com-
position granular, of various sizes of individuals,
sometimes impalpable. In this case the colour be-
comes pale or whitish lead-grey, the fracture even,
or flat conchoidal, and the streak shining. The
granular particles of composition sometimes become
elongated or compressed in one direction, and then
approach to columnar or lamellar ones. Pseudo-
morphoses of rhombohedral Lead-baryte. Plates, &c.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The substance called Blue Lead is generally separated
from the species of hexahedral Lead-glance, and considered
as a species of its own. The varieties of it, however, are
nothing else but the form of rhombohedral Lead-baryte,
filled up with the substance of hexahedral Lead-glance,
sometimes in pretty coarse granular compositions, as in
the varieties from Poullaouen in Brittany, sometimes quite
compact, as in some of those from JZschopau in Saxony.
The Blue" Lead from Cornwall sometimes shews composi-
tion. The remainder of the species has been divided into

OIIDEBXT. HEXAIIEDIlAf. I.TiAD-GI.ANCE.

15

Common and Compact Lead-glance, according to the crystallised
state of the individuals, or the size of the grain in the com-
positions. By decomposition sometimes a black sooty sub-
stance is produced, called Friabte Lead-glance.

2. According to Thomson, the hexahedral Lead-glance
consists of

Lead 85-13.

Sulphur 13-02.

Iron 0-50.
It is Pb S 2 , the proportions of lead and sulphur being
86-55 : 13-45. Some varieties contain a small quantity
of silver, others antimony. Before the blowpipe it melts,
if it is heated with precaution, and yields globules of me-
tallic lead, after the sulphur has been driven off. It is partly
soluble in nitric acid, and leaves a white residue.

3. Hexahedral Lead-glance is frequently found in veins,
but also in great quantity in beds, particularly in limestone
rocks. In beds it is accompanied by various other ores of
lead, also by dodecahedral Garnet-blende, several species
of Pyrites, Iron-ore, &c. ; in veins it occurs, besides these,
along with ores of silver, copper, and antimony, sometimes
with hexahedral Gold. In both kinds of repositories it is
associated with octahedral Fluor-haloide, rhombohedral
Lime-haloide, rhombohedral Quartz, and many other spe-
cies.

4. The remarkable beds of hexahedral Lead-glance in
Carinthia, which occur in limestone, and are worked at
Deutsch-Bleiberg, Windisch-Bleiberg, Windisch-Kappel,
Ebriach, and other places, possess in several respects a
striking similarity to those of Derbyshire, Durham, and
Northumberland, in England, in both of which countries
they are accompanied and intersected by lead veins. But it
is also found in beds in older rocks, as in Stiria, Carinthia,
&c. In veins it occurs in rocks of various ages, from gneiss
to the coal formations, in several parts of Saxony and Bo-
hemia, in the Hartz, in Anhalt, in Hungary, in Transyl-
vania, in France, in Scotland, and in many other countries.

16

rilYSIOGR APHY.

CLASS II.

Fine crystals have been obtained from the Pfaffenberg
mine near Neudorf in Anhalt, from Saxony, from Transyl-
vania, from Cumberland and Durham, &c. Compact Lead-
glance chiefly occurs at Freiberg in Saxony, in the Hartz,
in Carinthia, and at Leadhills in Scotland. The localities
of Blue JLead have been mentioned above.

5. Hexahedral Lead-glance is that mineral which yields
most of the lead annually produced. On account of its
generally containing a small quantity of silver, it is also
employed to a considerable extent for the extraction of that
metal, or also of gold, if it contains an admixture of it,
which is sometimes the case. Potters use either the hexa-
hedral Lead-glance itself reduced to powder, or the litharge
produced from it for glazing coarse pottery.

Genus IV. TELLURIUM-GLANCE.

1. PRISMATIC TELLURIUM-GLANCE.

Prismatic Black Tellurium. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 3C9.
Prismatic Tellurium-Glance. Man. p. 281. Black Tel-
lurium. Phill. p. 328. Nagyager-Erz. Wern. HofFm.
H. B. IV. 1. S. 134. Blattertellur. Hausm. I. S. 132.
Blatter-Tellur. Leonh. S. 182. Tellure natif auri-
fere et plombifere. Uavy. Traitd, T. IV. p. 327.
Tellure natif auro-plombif ere. Tabl. comp. p. 119.
Traite; 2de Ed* T. IV. p. 381.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid*.

Vol. I. Fig. 9.
Simple forms. P — oo ; P + oo = 90° (nearly) ;

P r + oo ; Pr + od.
Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

• According to Phillits and Brooke, it is an acute iso-
sceles pyramid, the edge at its base being = 140°. A combination
quoted by Phillips is similar to Fig. 92. having the oblique
edges between b and b replaced by the faces of a pyramid, the
base of which is = 122° 50'. II.'

ORDER XI. PKISMATtC TELLUUIUM-GLAXCE. 17

Combinations. LP — oo. P + go. fr + oo.
% P — oo. P-f-oo. P r + oo. Pr + oo. Nagyag,
Transylvania.

Cleavage, P — oo, very perfect. Fracture not ob-
servable. Surface, P — oo smooth.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Highly flexible in thin laminae. Very sectile.
Hardness = 10 ... 1-5. Sp. Gr. = 7 085.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition
granular, of various sizes of individuals, sometimes
longish.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to Klaproth, the prismatic Tellurium,
glance consists of

Tellurium 32-20.

Lead 54*00.

Gold 9*00.

Silver 0-50.

Copper 1*30.

Sulphur 3-00.
Before the blowpipe it melts easily upon charcoal, emits
white fumes, which are deposited upon the charcoal, and
gives a malleable metallic globule. With borax it gives a
bead of gold containing a little silver. It is easily soluble
in nitric acid.

2. It has been hitherto found only in veins with hexa-
hedral Gold, hexahedral Glance-blende, dodecahedral Gar-
net-blende, macrotypous Parachrose-baryte, &c.

3. Its chief locality is Nagyag in Transylvania, from
whence it obtained its ancient name of Nagiaker-Erz* It
is found also with prismatic Antimony-glance, at Offen-
banya in the same country.

vol. ill. 11

IS rimioGitAriiY. class ii.

Genus V. MOLYJJDJ5NA-GLANCE.

1. RHOMBOHEDRAL MOLYBDENA-GLANCE.

Rhomboidal Molybdena. Jam. Syst. VoL III. p. 372.
Man. p. 202. " Sulphuvet of Molvbdena. Phill. p.
248. WasserbleL Wsrk. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S.
231. Wasserblei. Hausm. I. S. 197- Molybdanglanz.
Leon a. S. 162. Molybdene sulfure\ Hauy. Traits
T. IV. p. 289. Tabl. com p. p. IU. Traits, 2de JSd.
T. IV. p. 326.

Fundamental form. Rhombohedron, of unknown
dimensions. Vol. I. Fig. 7.

Simple forms. B — x ; P; P -f- o>. They oc-
cur in combination with each other, and seem to
possess a di-rhombohedral character.

Cleavage, R — <x, highly perfect. Fracture not
observable. Surface, R — co smooth ; P and
P -h oo horizontally streaked.

Lustre metallic. Colour pure lead-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Thin laminae are highly flexible. Very sec tile.
Hardness = 1*0 ... 1*5. Sp. Gr. = 4-591.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition
granular, of various sizes of individuals.

OBSERVATIONS.

L According to Bucholz, rhombohedral Molybdena-
glance consists of

Molybdena 60 00.

Sulphur 40-00.
It does not melt, nor is it reduced before the blowpipe, but
it emits sulphureous fumes, which are deposited on the
charcoal. It deflagrates with nitre, and is soluble with
effervescence in nitric acid, leaving a grey residue.

onDEHXI. ritlSMATIC BISMUTH-GLANCE.

19

2. It is generally found imbedded in several rocks, parti-
cularly in granite, and is not unfrequently met with in se-
veral repositories of pyramidal Tin-ore. Besides this species,
it is most commonly accompanied by rhombohedral Quartz
and prismatic Scheelium-ore.

3. Among the oldest known localities of the present spe-
cies are Altenberg in Saxony, and Schlaggenwald and Zinn-
wald in Bohemia. As in these places, it occurs also id
Cornwall, along with pyramidal Tin-ore. In Norway and
Sweden it occurs imbedded in zircon-syenite and granite ;
in granite also at Carrock in Cumberland, and in West-
moreland in England, at Loch Creran in Scotland, &c. It
is frequent in the granite and gneiss of the United States
of North America, and has been found also in the valley
of Chamouni in Savoy, and in Silesia.

Genus VI. BISMUTH-GLANCE.
1, PRISMATIC BISMUTH-GLANCE.

Prismatic Bismuth-Glance. Jam. Syst. VoL III. p. 381.
Man. p. 283. Sulphuret of Bismuth. Phill. p. 273.
Wismuthglanz. Wehk. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S. C8.
Wismuthglanz. Hausm. L S. 190. "Wismuthglanz.
Leo nit. S. 213. Bismuth sulfurc. HAiiy. Traite,
T. IV. p. 190. TabL comp. p. 105. Traite, 2de Ed.
T. IV. p. 210.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid
of unknown dimensions. Vol. I. Fig. 9.

Simple forms and combinations not determined.

Cleavage, imperfect in the direction of F + <x>,
which is nearly equal to 90° ; with great perfec-
tion parallel to one of the diagonals, less distinct-
ly parallel to the other; P — oo imperfect.
Fracture scarcely observable. Surface of the
prisms deeply streaked parallel to the axis.

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

class n.

Lustre metallic. Colour lead-grey, inclining a
little to steel-grey. Streak unchanged.

Rather sectile. Hardness = 20... 25. Sp. Gr. =
6 549, the variety from Rezbanya.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition gra-
nular, the individuals being of various sizes ; or co-
lumnar, individuals straight and aggregated in va-
rious directions.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to Sage it consists of

Bismuth 60-00.

Sulphur 4000.
According to this analysis it is Bi S c , which corresponds
to 59*51 of bismuth, and 40*49 of sulphur. It is volatilised
before the blowpipe, and covers the charcoal with a yellow
areola. It is easily fusible, and emits continually small
drops in a state of incandescence. It is easily soluble in
nitric acid, and the solution yields a white precipitate on
being further diluted.

2. Prismatic Bismuth-glance occurs principally in veins,
but is found also in beds. It is generally associated with
octahedral Bismuth, also with several species of Pyrites,
with pyramidal Tin- ore, rhombohedral Quartz, Sec.

3. It is rather a rare mineral. It is found at Altenberg,
at Schneeberg, and some other places in Saxony, at Joa-
chimsthal in Bohemia, at Rezbanya in Upper Hungary,
in the latter place in beds ; near Redruth and Botallack in
Cornwall ; at Riddarhyttan in Sweden, with uncleavable
Cerium-ore ; in the mountains of Beresof in Siberia, &c.
Very fine varieties, in large cleavable individuals, are
found at Carrock in Cumberland.

oriDEIlXI. PRISMATIC ANTIMONY-GLANCE. 81

Genus VII. ANTIMONY-GLANCE.
1. PKISMATIC ANTIMONY-GLANCE,

Graphic Gold-Glance or Graphic Tellurium. Jam. Syst.
• Vol. III. p. 377- Prismatic Antimony-Glance. Man.
p. 284. Graphic Tellurium. Graphic Gold. Phiix.
p. 327. Schrifterz. Werx. Hoff'm. H. B. IV. !. S. 120.
Schrifttellur. Hausm. I. S. 130. Schrift-Tellur.
Leonh. S. 183. Tellurenatif aurifere et argentifere.
Hauy. Traits, T. IV. p. 320. Tellurenatif auro-argen-
tif ere. TabL comp. p. 1 19. Traite, 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 300.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.

Vol. I. Fig. 9.
Simple forms. P — oo (&) ; P (P) ; § P + 2 (b);

(Pr) 3 (z); (Pr) 5 (a); (P r + oo) 3 (d) ; Pr(o);

Pr -f oo (r) ; Pr + oo (s).
Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. P — oo. Pr. P. Pr-f-oo. Pr-f-oo.
2. P— oo. Pr. P. (Pr) 3 . (Pr) 5 . | P + 2.
(Pr + oo) 3 . Pr + oo. Pr + oo. Fig. 35.

Cleavage, Pr -|- oo, highly perfect ; Pr-f-oo per-
fect though not so easily obtained. Fracture
uneven. Surface, Pr-f-oo vertically streaked ;
Pr-f-oo fused like ; the remaining faces smooth.

Lustre metallic. Colour pure steel-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Very sectile. Hardness = 1-5 ... 2 0. Sp. Gr.
= 5*723, Muller von Reichenstein.

Compound Varieties. Regular composition of
acicular crystals nearly at angles of 60° and 120°,
in one plane, frequently repeated and imparting to
the whole the appearance of certain characters for

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

writing. Massive : composition imperfectly colum-
nar or granular, small but not impalpable.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. It is possible that the crystal represented in Fig. 35.
is not a simple one, but compound parallel to the plane r,
in which case the combinations might be hemi-prismatic.
The angle dd over s is = 85° 40', over r = 94° 20' very
nearly, the inclination of o on r about 125°. The present
species presents a great many different varieties of crystal-
line forms, which being generally very much engaged
among each other, and moreover modified by regular com-
position, have not yet been satisfactorily developed.*

2. According to Klaproth, it consists of

Tellurium 60-00.

Gold 30-00.

Silver 10*00.
It is remarkable, that the specific gravity of such a composi-
tion should be so low as has been stated above, it being much
less than that of tellurium itself. By calculation the
specific gravity is found above 10 0, which agrees pretty well
with that of the Yellow Tellurium, as given by Miller
von Keicuenstein, but this cannot refer to the same
species, the specific gravity of which is given above. The
prismatic Antimony -glance melts easily into a grey globule,
which fumes and covers the charcoal with a white oxide.
After having continued the blast for some time, a ductile
metallic globule is obtained. It is soluble in nitric acid.

3. The prismatic Antimony-glance occurs at Offenbanya
in Transylvania, in very narrow, but quite regular veins*

• It is difficult to trace the identity of the series of crystal-
lisation in Fig. 35. with the figure given by Mr Phillips, un-
less one of them be discovered to have been in fact a compound
crystal. The inclination of c 3 on c* over M follows = 04° 30',
nearly the same as d on // over r, and M on & is given = 126°
8', perhaps a more accurate measurement than that indicated
above by approximation ss 125*. H.

»

ORDER XI. P1USMA70IDAL ASTIMONY-GLANCE. 23

whicli traveree porphyry, several of them at a short dis-
tance from each other and parallel. It is accompanied by
hexahcdral Gold and rhombohedral Quartz, rarely by pris-
matic Tellurium-glance. It is occasionally met with along
with the latter, at Nagyag in Transylvania.

4. It is a valuable ore, on account of its contents of gold
and silver.

% PRISM AT 01 DAL ANTIMONY-GLANCE.

Prismatic Anti m on v -Glance or Grey Antimony. Jam.
Syst. Vol III. p. 390. Man. p. 285. Grey Antimony.
Sulphuret of Antimony. Fhill. p. 329. Grauspies-
glaserz. Wern. HofFm. H. B. IV. 1. S. 102. Grau-
spiessglanzerz. Hausm. I. S. 194. Antimonglanz. S.
152. Antimoine sulfure*. Hauy. Traits, T. IV. p.
2G4. Tabl.comp.p. 112. Traits, 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 291.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 109° 16', 108° 10', 110° 59'. Vol. 1. Fig.
9. R. G.

a : b : C « 1 : V °' 9 W ' \ 7 0 9327.

Simple forms. f P — % (s) ; P (P) ; P + oo (ro)
= 90° 45'; ($ j?r — 2) 3 (e) ; — (b) ;

f r — I (a) = 127° 51' ; Pr + oo (o).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. | P — % P -f oo. Pr + oo.

2. P. P + oo. Pr + oo. Both similar to Fig. 6.

3. p. f r — P co. P r + oo.

4. £P — 2. Pr — 1. (| Pr — 2)\ P.
(| P r — P -h oo. Pr + oo. Fig. 32.
All of them from Felsobanya, Hungary.

Cleavage, highly perfect in the direction of Pr -f go ;
less distinct P — oo, P -f oo and Pr -j- oo, some-
times pretty easily obtained. Fracture small
conchoidal, rather imperfect. Surface, the ver-

2i

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II,

tical planes deeply striated parallel to their own
intersections, and rough. The pyramids in a
parallel position with P are sometimes irregularly
streaked in a horizontal direction, hut generally
smooth, as also the other inclined faces. Subject
to tarnish.

Lustre metallic. Colour lead-grey, inclining to

steel-grey. Streak unchanged.
Sectile. Thin laminae are a little flexible parallel
to the intersection of P r -f <x> with P — qd. Crys-
tals sometimes bent. Hardness = 2 0. Sp. Gr.

4-620 the cleavable variety from Anhalt.
Compound Varieties. Massive : composition co-
lumnar, of various sizes of individuals, sometimes
very thin, but not impalpable. They are long and
straight, either parallel or divergent from several
common centres, and aggregated iu a second angulo-
granular composition. The faces of composition
are irregularly streaked in a longitudinal direction.
Sometimes the composition is granular, and then
the individuals often become impalpable, but are
generally very strongly connected ; the fracture be-
comes even or uneven. Capillary crystals often
form a tissue resembling wool or felt.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The present species has been divided into Common and
Plumose Grey Antimony , differing chief! y in the size of their
individuals. The latter consists of capillary crystals, which
are sometimes even flexible, and either implanted in
groupes, or interlaced with each other ; sometimes also they
form massive varieties in which the columnar composition

I

ORDER XI. ntlSAIATOlDAf, ANTIMONY-GLANCE. 25

is very delicate. The common Grey Antimony has been
farther subdivided into radiated, foliated, and compact. The
first contains the crystals and massive varieties with a
columnar composition, the second only granular composi-
tions, in which the individuals can still be distinguished ;
and the third tbose in which the composition is impalpable.

2. According to Proust and Thomson, the prismatoi-
dal Antimony-glance consists of

Antimony 75*00 73*77-

Sulphur 25-00 2623.
Its chemical formula is Sb S 3 , corresponding to 72*77 of
antimony, and 27*23 sulphur. It is very fusible before the
blowpipe, and is absorbed by the charcoal. By a continued
blast it may be volatilised without leaving any considerable
residue.

3. The greater part of the varieties of prismatoidal An-
timony-glance are found in veins, w hich in some instances
almost exclusively consist of this species. Yet it occurs
also in beds, particularly with brachytypous Parachrose-
baryte, and beds seem almost always to be the repositories
of the compact varieties. Frequently it is associated with
prismatic Hal-baryte, often with prismatic Purple-blende,
and commonly also with rhombohedral Quartz. It occurs
besides along with various other species of the orders
Glance, Blende, and Haloide, with prismatic Antimony-
baryte, and not unfrequently with hexahedral Gold. Its
decomposition produces the Antimony-ochre, a friable or
compact yellow substance, with which it is often associated
pr covered.

4. Veins consisting almost entirely of the present spe-
cies have been discovered at Posing near Pressburg in Hun-
gary, and at Wolfsthal in the county of Stollberg in the
Hartz ; such as contain considerable quantities of it asso-
ciated with other minerals, at Felscbanya in Upper Hun-
gary, at Cremnitz, Schemnitz, and other places in Lower
Hungary, and in France, from whence beautiful varieties
are obtained. It occurs also in Scotland, in Cornwall, at
Braunsdorf near Freiberg in Saxony, and at Neudorf in

Sfi

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

Anl.aU. The fibrous variety occurs at Lolien in the valley
of the Lav ant in Carinthia, ill beds of brachytypous Pa-
rachrose-baryte, and the compact one particularly at Ma-
gurka in Hungary.

5, It is used for extracting the crude antimony, or the
metal itself, which is employed in the manufacture of se-
veral metallic alloys, and in medicine.

3. AXOTOMOUS ANTIMONY-GLANCE.

Prismatoidal Antimony-Glance, or Grey Antimony (in
part). Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 390. Man. p. 285.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
Vol. I. Fig. 9.

Simple forms. P+ oo = 10 1°20' (nearly); P r+ oc.

Combinations, of the preceding forms, their ter-
minations not observed.

Cleavage, P — oo highly perfect ; less distinct,
though easily observed, when the crystals are not
too small, P + cc and Fr -f- oo. Fracture not
observable.

Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey. Streak un-
changed.

Sectile. Hardness = 2 0 ... 2*5. Sp. Or. = 5 564.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition co-
lumnar, individuals generally very delicate ; straight
and parallel, or divergent.

«

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Nothing as yet is known of the proportions among the
ingredients of the present species. It contains sulphur, an-
timony, and lead.

2. The axotomous Antimony .glance seems to be a rare
mineral, or at least not sufficiently attended to by mine-

order xj. PRISMATIC MELANE-GLASTCE. 27

ralogists. It occurs in masses of considerable dimensions
in Cornwall, sometimes along with the di-prismatic Copper-
glance. In Hungary it is engaged in rhombohedral Lime-
haloide, but its locality is not exactly known.

Genus VIII. MELANE*-GJLANCE.

1. PRISMATIC MELAKE GLANCE.

Rhomboidal Silver-Glance or Brittle Silver-Glance. Jam.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 345. Prismatic Melane-Glance.
Man. p. 207. Brittle Sulphuret of Silver. Prill, p.
390. Spriidglaserz. Wern. Hoffm. H. B. III. 2. S.
C3. Sprodglanzerz. Hausm. I. S. 138. Schwarz-
giltigerz. Leonh. S.202. Argent noir. Hauy. Traits,
T. III. p. 416. Argent antimoni^ sulfure* noir. TabL
comp. p. 76. Traits, 2de Ed. T. III. p. 280.

Fundamental form. Scalene four- sided pyramid.
P = 130° 16', 104° 19', 96° 7. Vol L Fig. 9.
R. G.

a:b:c s l:V 2-526 : ^ M87.

Simple forms. P — <z> ; P(P)> P + oo = 111°

8'; (Pr) 3 (a); (Pr + oo) 3 (d) = 72° 13';

(Pr +a>) 5 = 142° 10' ; (Pr) 5 ; Pr (p) =r 115°

39' ; Pr + oo (p) ; Pr + oo (s).
Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

1. Pr. Pr + oo. Pr + oo. Alte Hoffhung mine,
Freiberg

% P. (Pr + oo) 3 . Pr + oo. Fig. 7. Alte Hoff-
nung mine.

3. Pr. P. (Pr) 3 . (Pr+oo) 3 . Pr + ct. Pr+oo.
Fig. 30. Przibram, Bohemia.

4. P — oo. Pr. P. (Pr) 3 . (Pr) 5 . P + oo.

* rrom jusAaj, black,

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

(Pr+oo) 5 . (Pr+oo) 5 . Pr + QD. Pr + oo.
Morgenstern mine, Freiberg.
Cleavage, (Pr + oo) 3 and Pr + oo, imperfect and
interrupted. Fracture conchoidal, uneven. Sur-
face, Pr and Pr -f- oo generally streaked parallel
to their edges of combination with each other ;
the other forms smooth.
Lustre metallic. Colour iron-black. Streak un-
changed.

Sectile. Hardness = 20 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 6 269,
a crystal from Przibram.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : face of
composition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar to a face of Pr ; the composition is frequently
repeated, either in parallel lajers, or contiguous to
several parts of the same individual. Thence com-
pound masses arise, consisting of alternating la-
minae of two or more individuals, as in prismatic
Lime-haloide, di-prismatic Lead-baryte, &c, with
the forms of which those of the present species
agree in a remarkable manner. Massive : compo-
sition granular, individuals strongly connected ;
fracture uneven.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to Klaproth, it consists of
Silver 6650.
Antimony 10-00.
Iron 5-00.
Sulphur 12-00.
Copper and Arsenic 0*50.
Berzelivs could not discover any antimony by the blow-

ORDEit XI. PRISMATIC MELANE-GLANCE. 29

pipe, and is therefore of opinion that it is a compound of
sulphur, arsenic, and silver. Before the blowpipe, upon
charcoal, it yields a dark coloured metallic globule, which
may be reduced either with soda and silica, or with salt-
petre. It is soluble in dilute nitric acid.

2. The prismatic Melane-glance is found in silver veins
along with other ores of silver, also with hexahedral Lead-
glance, dodecahedral Garnet-blende, and several species of
the orders Pyrites, Haloide, and Baryte. It is sometimes
associated with native Arsenic and hexahedral Gold.
Prismatic Melane-glance in compact varieties is often inti-
mately mixed with hexahedral Lead-glance, and with pris-
matoidal Antimony-glance, a mixture designated by the
name of White Silver, the Wcissgihigcrz of the Wernerian
system. The richer it is in silver, the more it approaches
in its properties to the pure varieties of the present species,
while in the contrary cases it yields more nearly the cha-
racters of compact hexahedral Lead-glance and compact
prismatoidal Antimony-glance, or of a mixture of both, and
differs from them perhaps only in the colour. It is evident
that the White Silver does not deserve to be ranked cte a
particular species, on account of this mode of formation,
and the variable proportions of the species entering into
the mixture. It is found in silver veins in Saxony.

3. The prismatic Melane-glance occurs chiefly in Saxony,
Bohemia, and Hungary ; in the last of which countries it is
called Roschgew'dchs. Its chief localities in Saxony are the
mining districts of Freiberg, Schneeberg, and Johanngeor-
genstadt, in Bohemia those of Przibram and Ratieborzitz,
and in Hungary those of Schemnitz and Cremnitz. It is
found also at Joachimsthal in Bohemia ; at Andreasberg in
the Hartz, here only in small quantities ; at Zacatecas in
Mexico, and in Peru.

4. On account of its considerable contents of silver, it
is a valuable ore for the extraction of that metal.

5. The two following minerals must here be noticed,
as they seem to be nearly allied to the prismatic Melane.
glance.

30

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

i. Flexible Sulphuret of Silver.

Flexible Sulphuret of Silver. Phill. p. 200. Argent
sulfure' flexible. Bournon. Cat. p. 209.

Hemi-prismatic. A crystal is given by Mr Phillips, ob-
served and measured by Mr Brooke. It nearly resembles
Fig. 172., but is flattened between P and P. having the
edges between M and T replaced by one plane c, and those
between / and P by two planes, d- and d x . Angles, M
on T mm 125°, eon 7s 159% I on I = 121°, d* on d*
= 83° 30', d* on <*» = 48% k on k = 126° 40% * on s = 90°.

Cleavage perfect, parallel to P.

Lustre metallic. Colour dark externally, nearly black.

Streak shining, but less so than hexahedral Silver- glance.
Thin laminae flexible. Yields readily to the knife.

It consists, according to the experiments of Br Wollas-
ton, of silver, sulphur, and a little iron. This mineral
was first discovered by Count Bournon, who suspects
Hungary to be the locality of the specimens he examined.

t iu Sulphuret of Silver and Antimony,

Sulphuret of Silver and Antimony. Phill. p. 290. Mine
d'argent grise antimoniale. ltoME de l'Isle. Vol.
III. p. 54.

Prismatic. Combinations similar to Fig. 23., without A,
and having several other prisms g 3 ) contiguous

to its obtuse edge, which in the figure is that between
two adjacent faces of M. Inclination, according to
Phillips, of x on x = 130° 8% PonPs 60° 56', s on
s = 57° 45', M on M (adjacent) = 100%^ on g* = 119°
40', g* on g* = 139% g* on g 3 = 167°.
Cleavage, easy parallel to M and in other directions. Sur-
face striated in a longitudinal direction.
Lustre metallic. Colour approaching to silver white.
Yields easily to the knife. Sp. Gr. = 5*5.

Before the blowpipe it gives out copious white vapours
and a slight sulphureous odour, leaving behind a white me-
tallic globule. It is supposed to consist chiefly of antimony,

ORDER XII. HEXAHEDKAL CLANCE-HLENDE. 31

sulphur, and silver. The locality quoted of this mineral
is the mine of Himmelsf Lirst near Freiberg. It had first
been distinguished by Rome de l'Isle: Mr Freiesleden
had given it the name of SchVfglaserzy but it was only of
late more accurately described by Mr Phillips.

Order XII. BLENDE.
Genus I. GLANCE- BLENDE.
1. HEXAHEDRAL GLANCE- BLENDE.

Prismatic Manganese-Blende. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p.
40C. Man. p. 283. Sulphuret of Manganese. Phill.
p. 246. Manganblende. Breith. Hotf'm. H. B. IV.
2. S. 107* Schwarzerz. Hausm. I. S. 199. Man-
ganglanz. Leonh. S. 370. Manganese sulfure*. Hauy.
Tabl. comp. p. ill. Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 260.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig;. 1.

Simple forms. H ; O, Vol. I. Fig. 2.

Combinations. 1. II. O. Vol. I. Fig. 3. and 4.

Cleavage, hexahedron, perfect ; traces of the dode-
cahedron. Fracture uneven, imperfect conchoi-
dal. Surface rough.

Lustre imperfect metallic. Colour iron-black.
Streak dark-green. Opake.

Rather sectile. Hardness =3-5 ... 40. Sp. Gr.
= 40 14, a cleavable variety.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition gra-
nular, of various sizes of individuals; faces of
composition irregularly streaked or rough.

observations.

1. According to Klaprotii and Vauquelin, the hexa-
hedral Glance-blende consists of

32

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

Protoxide of Manganese 82-00 85-00.

Sulphur 1100 15-00.

Carbonic Acid 5-00 0-00.

It is generally, however, considered as a sulphuret of man-
ganese. Before the blowpipe it is melted with difficulty,
and only on its thinnest edges. It omits sulphuretted hy-
drogen, if reduced to powder and thrown into nitric, muria-
tic, or dilute sulphuric acid, and is dissolved.

2. It is a rare mineral. It occurs chiefly in veins along
with prismatic Tellurium-glance, at Nagyag in Transyl-
vania. According to Phillips, it is found also in Corn-
wall.

Genus II. GARNET-BLENDE.

1. DODECAHEDRAL GARNET- BLENDE.

Dodecahedral Zinc-Blende. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 410.
Man. p. 288. Blende. Sulphuret of Zinc. Phill. p. 351 .
Blende. Wern. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S. 73. Blende.
Hausm. 1. S. 229. Blende. Leonh. S. 309. Zinc
sulfure'. Hauy. Traite\ T. IV. p. 107- Tabl. comp.
p. 103. Traite, 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 186.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.
Simple forms. H(*) Cornwall; °(g) Vol I. Fig. 13.;
_ ° ( g ) Vol. I. Fig. 14.; D (P) Vol. I. Fig. 31.;

5- Vol. I. Fig. 17.; — ~ (y) Vol. I. Fig. 16.
Char, of Comb. Semi-tessular, with inclined faces.

Combinations. 1. ~- — ^- Fig. 158. Cornwall.

% 2. _ <L*. y 0 j J pi g> the faces r con-

2 2

siderably enlarged, so as to intersect each other.
Junge hohe Birke mine near Freiberg,

ORDER XH. DODECAHEDRAL GARNET-BLENDE. 83

3. D. — ^ Fig. 162. Alston Moor, Cum-
berland.

4. — ~- D. y- Kapnik, Transylvania,

5. H. D. — Alston Moor.

Cleavage, dodecahedron highly perfect. Fracture
conchoidal. Surface, the tetrahedrons and the
two tetragonal dodecahedrons generally, though
faintly streaked parallel to their common inter-
sections ; the trigonal dodecahedron is often un-
even or curved, but at the same time smooth and
shining.

Lustre adamantine. Colour green, yellow, red,
brown, black, none of them bright. Streak
white ... reddish-brown j corresponding to the co-
lour. Transparent ... translucent.

Brittle. Hardness = 3-5 . . . 4-0. Sp. Gr. = 4-078,
a cleavable variety ; = 40#7> a columnar, com-
pound variety.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : face of
composition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar to a face of the octahedron. Fig. 156. and 163.
This composition is often repeated, either in parallel
layers, or in the direction of several faces of the oc-
tahedron, Reniform and other imitative shapes :
surface rough ; composition columnar, often almost
impalpable ; straight, divergent, and frequently pro-
ducing a second curved lamellar, or granular com-
position. Massive : composition columnar or granu-

VOL. III. €

31

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

lar, sometimes impalpable, often very distinct. The
fractureof impalpable compositions is uneven or even.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Although the subspecies distinguished among the
varieties of the species Blende have been denominated after
their colours, yet they do not depend entirely or solely upon
these colours. The colours of ydloxv Blende are green, yel-
low, or pale reddish-brown ; its varieties possess the high-
est degrees of transparency which occur in the species. The
red and brown colours of the brown Blende are darker, and
its degrees of transparency lower than in the preceding sub-
species. The varieties of black Blende are either black and
opake, or they are blood-red. Brown Blende has been far-
ther subdivided into fbl'toied, radiated* and Jibrous brown
Blende. Simple varieties and compound ones, consisting
of granular individuals, are contained in the first of these
divisions ; columnar compositions, in which the individuals
aTe still discernible, in the second ; and very thin columnar
or impalpable compositions originating from them, which
assume various imitative shapes, are comprehended in the
third division. In the columnar compositions the individuals
often- present in the cross fracture the even faces of regular
composition parallel to a face of the octahedron. Three of
the faces of cleavage may be easily obtained parallel to the
axis, and produce with the above mentioned faces of com-
position a regular six-sided prism. On account of the great
facility with which the faces of composition may be obtain-
ed, it is more difficult to observe the inclined faces of clea-
vage, which nevertheless are very distinct, and produce
with the vertical ones the dodecahedron, as the real form of
cleavage of the species. The exact distinction of the Wer-
nerian subspecies of yellow, brown, and black Blende, re-
quires a great deal of practice, and can be acquired only em-
pirically, and even then many varieties will occur that ren-
der the distinction impossible. This is a sure though em-
pirical demonstration that the distinction itself is useless.

ORDER xn. DDDECAIIEDRAL GAItNET-BLENDE. 35

2. According to Thomson and Guektveau, it consists of

Zinc 5900 62*00.

Iron 1205 1*50.

Sulphur 28-06 34-00.
Its chemical formula is Zn S a , agreeing with 66-72 of zinc
and 33-28 of sulphur. When strongly heated in the oxi-
dating flame of the blowpipe, it gives off vapours of zinc,
which form a coating on the charcoal, but it does not melt.
It is soluble in nitric acid, during which process sulphuret-
ted hydrogen is disengaged.

3. Dodecahedral Garnet-blende is frequently found in
nature ; but all its varieties are not equally common. It
is met with in beds and veins, accompanied chiefly by hexa-
hedral Lead-glance, several species of Iron-pyrites, Arse-
nical-pyrites, Copper-pyrites, several Haloides, Barytes,
&c, in beds also by dodecahedral Garnet, octahedral Iron*
ore, and several species of Augite-spar. It is not rare in
rich silver veins, and is associated with native Silver, and
the different ores of that metal.

4. Yellow Blende principally occurs in fine varieties at
Schemnitz in Lower Hungary, and at Kapnik in Transyl-
vania ; also at Schavfenberg, Schwarzenberg, and Ititters-
griin in Saxony, at ltatieborzitz in Bohemia, at Gumme-
rud in Norway, and other places. Brown Blende is found
at Freiberg, and other localities in Saxony, in Bohemia,
Hungary, and Transylvania, in the llartz, at Sahla in Swe-
den, in great quantities in Derbyshire and Cumberland ;
also in Cornwall in England. The radiated variety in parti-
cular is found at Przibram ; it is that variety which contains
the greatest proportion of cadmium. The chief localities of
fibrous Blende are Raibel in Carinthia, Geroldseck in Swa-
bia, and Wheal Unity in Cornwall ; of black Blende, Frei-
berg, Annaberg, Breitenbrunn, and Schwarzenberg in
Saxony, and many places in Bohemia, Hungary, Transyl-
vania, Silesia, in the Hartz and other countries.

5. The application of dodecahedral Garnet-blende for the
extraction of zinc, is as yet very limited.

3G

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS I*.

Genus III. PURPLE-BLENDE,

J. PRISMATIC PURPLE-BLENDE.

Prismatic Antimony-Blende or Red Antimony. Jam.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 421. Man. p. 290. Red Antimony.
Phill. p. 331. Rothspiesglaserz. AVern. Hoffm.
H. B. IV. 1. S. 114. Rothspiessglanzerz. Hausm. I.
S. 225. Antimonblende. Leonh. S. 157. Antimoine
hydro-sulfur^. Hauy. Traitt?, T. TV. p. 276. Anti-
moine oxyde sulfure'. Tabl. comp. p. 1 13. Traite 7 , 2de Ed.
T. IV. p. 311.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
Inclination of the axis = 11° 19' in the plane of
the long diagonal. Vol. I. Fig. 41. Af.
a : b : c : d sb 5-0 : 3»1 : c : 1.

Simple forms. P — oo ; ~- = 15° 4T ; — | r

= 34° 6'; P r + go. The faces of all the forms
hitherto observed, are parallel to one of the dia-
gonals of P, and this is supposed to be the short
diagonal.

Char, of Comb. Hemi-prismatic. Inclination of
P — oo on P r + oo = 101°

Combinations. 1. — — • Pr -f- oo. 2. P — oo.

— Pr + oo. 3. P — 00. — — —

P r -f- oo. All of them are elongated, and often
appear only as thin filaments parallel to the short
diagonal ; the termination of the crystals in that
direction has not been observed.
Cleavage. Pr + oo highly perfect; less distinct
Pr -f oo ; there are traces in other directions
perhaps of P -f- oo. Fracture not observable.

ORDER XII. PRISMATIC PURPLE-BLENDE. 37

Surface more or less deeply streaked parallel to
the edges of combination.

Lustre common or metallic adamantine. Colour
cherry-red. Streak cherry-red or brownish-red.
Feebly translucent.

Sectile. Thin lamina? are slightly flexible. Hard-
ness = 10 ... 1*5. Sp. Gr. = 4-5 ... 46.

Compound Varieties. Tufts of capillary crys-
tals. Massive: composition very thin columnar,
straight and divergent from common centres.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The division of Red Antimony in the system of
Werner is similar to that of the Grey Antimony. Com-
mon Red Antimony forms the first, and Tinfcr-Ore the se-
cond subspecies. The Tinder-Ore compi*ises those varieties
which, originally consisting of short capillary individuals,
interlaced with each other, appear in flakes resembling
tinder, while the Common Red Antimony refers to crys-
tals, and to those compound varieties, in which the co-
lumnar individuals are still discernible.

2. According to KlafrotA, the prismatic Purple-blende
consists of

Antimony 67*50.

Oxygen 10-80.

Sulphur 1970.
Alone before the blowpipe it melts easily upon charcoal, by
which it is absorbed, and at last entirely volatilised. Im-
mersed in nitric acid, it is covered with a white coating.

3. It is almost always accompanied by prismatoidal An-
timony-glance, which has induced some mineralogists to
believe it to have been produced from a decomposition of
that species. It occurs in veins ; besides the above men-
tioned species, it is accompanied by prismatic Antimony-
baryte, rhombohedral Quartz, &c.

38

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

4. The varieties of this species occur at Briiunsdorf near
Freiberg in Saxony, at Malazka near Posing in Hungary,
ant] at Allemont in Dauphiny in France. The principal
localities of Tinder-ore are Clausthal and Andreasberg in
the Hartz.

Genus IV. RUBY-BLENDE.

1. RHOMBOHEDRAL RUBY-BLENDE.

Rhomboidal Ruby. blende or Red Silver. Jam. Syst.
Vol. III. p. 425. Man. p. 291. Red Silver. Ruby
Silver. Phill. p. 291. Rothgiltigerz. Wern. Hoffm.
H. B. III. 2. S. 67. Rothgiltigerz. Hausm. I. S. 221.
Rothgiiltigerz. Leonu. S. 199. Argent antimonie'
sulfure. Hauy. Traite, T. III. p. 402. Tabl. comp.
p. 75. Traite, 2de Ed. T. III. p. 269.

Fundamental form. Rhombohedron. R = 108°
18'. Vol. I. Fig. 7. R. G.

a = V 1-895.

Simple forms. R — oo (o) ; R — 2 (s) = 157°
4<y; R — 1 (s) = 1S7° 3^ ; R(^); R + l
(g, i) = 80° 59'; R + co (k) ; P + co (n) ;
(P — %)* (t) ; (P — l) 3 (a) ; (| P — l) 3 (b) ;
<T) 5 (/>); (P)*; (P + 1)'.

Char, of Comb. Rhombohedral. Sometimes the
configuration of the opposite apices is different.
Of the faces of R -f- cc often only the alternating
ones appear, as in rhombohedral Tourmaline.

Combinations. 1. R — 1. P + oc. R + l.
R — 1. Fig. 182. Andreasberg, Hartz *

%. R— 1. . P+ co. Fig. 136. Andreasberg.

* In the cabinet of Mr Allan. II.

ORDER xii. KI-IOMJSOJIEDIt AL HUB Y-B LEN DE.

39

3. (| P — l)'. (P)*. P + qd. Saxony.

4. R — % R — 1. (P)*. P + oo. Beschertgliick,
Saxony.

5. R— 1. (P — 2) 3 . R. P-f oo. Joachimsthal,
Bohemia. -

6. R + L (P) 3 . R + go, P 4- qd. Marienberg,
Saxony.

7. R — 1. R + 1. (P) 5 . (P) 5 . P + oo. Beschert-
gliick.

8. R — 1. (P — 2)\ R. (P — l) 5 . (| P — I) 5 .
(P) 3 . P-f qd. Fig. 126.

Cleavage, R, ia several varieties pretty distinct,
in others scarcely observable. Fracture conchoi-
dal. Surface, R — 2 streaked parallel to the
edges of combination with R — 1 ; R — 1,
(P — 2) 5 and the pyramids belonging to R, also
P + go often striated parallel to their common
edges of combination ; P -f oo is sometimes rough,
as is also (f P — l) 3 .

Lustre common adamantine in light coloured va-
rieties, metallic adamantine in dark coloured ones.

Colour iron-black ... cochineal-red. Streak several
shades of cochineal-red, corresponding to the
colour ; in some varieties it is almost aurora-red.
Semi-transparent ... opake.

Sectile. Hardness = 20 2 5. Sp. Gr. =5-846,
crystals from Beschertgliick.

Compound Varieties. Twin.crystals. L Face
of composition perpendicular, axis of revolution
parallel to an edge of R — 1, Fig. 139. This

40

PHYSIOGRAPHY

CLASS II.

kind of regular composition is frequently repeated,
contiguous to all the terminal edges of R — 1, as
in Fig. 140., or still farther, since two new indivi-
duals may again be joined to every one of the for-
mer group, A great number of individuals are
often joined in that manner. 2. Face of compo-
sition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicular to a
face of R % This mode of composition forms
the supplement to the preceding one, but it is far
Jess frequent. 3. Face of composition parallel to
a face of R -f- oo, axis of revolution perpendicular
to it. If the individuals are continued beyond the
face of composition, then the composition is parallel
to all the faces of R -f oo. Massive : composition
granular, of various sizes of individuals, strongly
connected. I f the composition becomes impalpable,
fracture is uneven, even, or flat conchoidal. Plates,
superficial coatings.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The difference between the Light and Dark Red
Silver, though originally founded on the different tints
of colour and streak of the two minerals, and on their
lustre, which is dependent upon them, is deeper rooted
in the essence pf these bodies than it would appear at first
sight. The forms of the Light Red Silver have not yet
been ascertained with sufficient exactness ; they do not
seem, however, to be very different from those of the Dark
Red Silver, and also the peculiarities in their crystallisa-
tions are common to both. There is no difference in their
hardness. The specific gravity of the two substances, how-
ever, is considerably different, being circumscribed, as far as
pur present information goes, within the limits of 5*8 ... 5-p

ORDER nil. RUOMBOHEDRAL RUBY-BLENDE.

41

for the dark red, and of 5*4 ... 5G for the light red variety.
A dark red cleavable variety from the Hartz gave 5-831, a
light red one, also cleavable, from Annaberg, 5-524, and a
crystallised one from the Churprinz mine near Freiberg,
having the colour of the dark red variety, 5-422. This
subject deserves the particular attention of mineralogists,
though as yet it is impossible to settle any thing in re-
gard to the determination of the species. The colours of
the Dark Red Silver are dark cochineal-red passing into
iron-black, its streak is more or less deep cochineal-red,
and it is opake or but faintly translucent on the edges.
The colours of Light lied Silver are more distinctly co-
chineal-red, but approach in some varieties to those of
Dark Red Silver ; its streak is light cochineal-red, and
often almost aurora-red ; it is translucent on the edges,
and frequently semi-transparent. In these properties,
however, the two varieties are joined by transitions.

2. The rhombohedral Ruby-blende consists, according
to Bonsdorf, of

Silver 68-949.

Antimony 22*846.

Sulphur 1C-C09.

Earthy substances 0-299.
He gives for its chemical formula 3 Ag S 3 + 2 Sb S',
which corresponds to 58 98 of silver, 23-47 antimony, and
17-55 of sulphur. It decrepitates before the blowpipe
upon charcoal, melts and emits fumes of sulphur and an-
timony, after which it yields a globule of silver. It is so-
luble in dilute nitric acid.

3. The rhombohedral Ruby -blende has been hitherto
always found in veins, associated with various other ores
of silver, with hexahedral Silver, hexahedral Lead-glance,
dodecahedral Garnet-blende, and several species of Pyri-
tes : the light red varieties often with native Arsenic, pris-
matic Iron-pyrites,, octahedral Cobalt-pyrites, and other
species.

4. llhombohcdral Ruby-blende is confined to a small
number of localities, but in some of these it occurs in pret?

42 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

ty considerable quantities. It is found in many of the
veins near Freiberg, also at Marienberg, Annaberg, Schnee-
berg, and Johanngeorgenstadt in Saxony ; likewise at
Joachirnsthal, Przibram, and other places in Bohemia,
The light red varieties are more generally met with in
the districts of the Saxon and Bohemian mines, nearer
the highest ridge of mountains, while the dark red occur
in greater proportion in the neighbourhood of Freiberg^
and in other places of the lower districts. The dark red
silver is found in beautiful crystals at Andreasberg in the
Hartz. It is met with also at Schemnitz, Cremnitz,
Nagybanya, &c. in Hungary, in Alsace and Dauphiny in
France, at Kongsberg in Norway. Some other countries
produce but a small quantity of it, as, for instance, Corn-
. wall ; but it is very abundant in Mexico and Peru.

5. It is a valuable mineral for the extraction of silver.
It has been observed that the dark red yields a greater
quantity of silver than the light red variety.

2. HEMI-PRISMATIC RUBY-BLENDE.

One of the varieties commonly comprised among the
Dark Red Silver.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.

P = { ]lfo 5 J'} , 130° 7', 77° 16'. Inclination

of the axis = 11° 6', in the plane of the long
diagonal. Vol. I. Fig. 41. Ap.

a j b s c s d = 5-1 : 9*5 : 8-) . 1.

Simple forms. P — oo (b) ; - = 1 28° 59' ; P+ go

26'; ±J-L±— = 28°9\
2

ORDEll XII. HEM I- PRISMATIC -RUBY-BLENDE.

Char, of Comb. Hemi-prismatic. Inclination of
P — oo on Pr + od = 101° 6'.

Pv -I- 1

Combination. 1. P — qd. — — Z. — P-f oo. Fig.

183. There occur many secondary faces ; the
whole has much the appearance of crystals of he-
mi -prismatic V i t r io 1 - sa 1 1 .

5 {> r J. g

Cleavage, I -I — and Pr -|- <x>, imperfect. Frac-

ture imperfect conchoidal. Surface, deeply streak-
ed parallel to the edges of combination with

i — — , particularly P — oo and P 4- go, as in-

dicated in the figure ; the pyramids are smooth,

— ^ r ^ rough, though even.

Lustre intermediate between metallic and metallic
adamantine. Colour iron-black. Streak dark
cherry-red. Opake, except in thin splinters,
where it transmits a deep blood-red colour.

Very sectile. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr.
= 5-234.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The chemical composition of this species has not been
as yet exactly ascertained. Before the blowpipe it gives
results nearly agreeing with those of rhomboliedral Kuby-
blende, but it contains only about 35 ... 40 per cent, of
silver, besides sulphur and antimony. The only speci-
men of it, in the possession of Mr Von Weissenbach at
Freiberg, is supposed to have been found in the mine call,
cd Neue Hoffhung Gottes, at Braunsdorf near Freiberg in

44 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Saxony. It consists only of crystals, and is not accompa-
nied by any other mineral."

3. PERITOMOUS RUBY-BLENDE.

Prismato.rhomboidal Ruby-blende or Cinnabar. Jam.
Syst Vol. III. p. 435. Man. p. 292 Cinnabar. Sul-
phuret of Mercury. Phill. p. 358. Zinnober. Queck-
silbcr-Lebererz. Wern. Hoffm. H. B. III. 2. S. 2C.
33. Zinnober. Stinkzinnober. Lebererz. Hausm. I.
S. 213. 215. 216. Zinnober. Lhtokh. S. 187. Mer-
cure sulfurd Hauy. Traits, T. III. p. 437. Tabl.
comp. p. 78. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III. p. 313.

Fundamental form* Rhombohedron. R — 71° 47.
Vol. T. Fig. 7. Hauy.

a _ V 15-75.

Simple forms. R — oo (o); R — 2 (u) = 122° 35' ;
4 R — £ (*) — 110° 6' ; |R- 1 (&) =101°
59' ; R — 1 (a) = 92° 36' ; R (P) ; R + <x> (I).

Char, of Comb. Rhombohedral.

Combinations. 1. R — go. R-f- go. Almaden, Spain.
% R — 00. R — 2. JR — 2. R. Idria, Carniola.

3. R — 00. § R — % R. R + co. Almaden.

4. R — qd, R — 2. ill — 2. *R — 1. R — 1.
R. R -h 00. Fig. 125. Almaden.

Cleavage, R -f- 00, highly perfect. Fracture con-
choidal. Surface, the rhombohedrons horizontally
streaked, some of them very deeply.

Lustre adamantine, inclining to metallic in dark
coloured varieties. Colour several shades of co-

• I must here mention a finely crystallised specimen in the
possession of Mr Brooke, which seems to have some proper-
ties analogous to the hemi-prismatic Ruby-blende. Yet its
combinations appear to be tetarto-prismatic, and may there-
fore belong to another species. H.

order XII. PERITOMOUS RUBY-BLENDE.

45

chineal-red, the darker varieties inclining to lead-
grey. Streak scariet-red. Semi-transparent ...
translucent on the edges.
Sectile. Hardness = 20... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 8-098,
the cleavage variety from NeumarkteL

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals: face of
composition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar to a face of R — co ; the individuals frequent-
ly continued beyond the face of composition. Bare-
ly in some indistinct imitative shapes. Massive :
composition granular, of various sizes of individuals,
generally small, and often impalpable. In the last
case fracture becomes uneven, even, or flat con-
choidal. Plates, superficial coatings. There is
sometimes a tendency to thin columnar composition,
the mass being friable, and the colour scarlet-red.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Cinnabar and Quicksilver Liver-Ore or Hepatic Cinna-
bar, which formerly used to be distinguished as t'.vo differ-
ent species, in fact do not differ more from each other than
calcareous spar and compact limestone, or crystallised and
compact hexahedral Lead-glance. The Quicksilver Liver-
Ore is a compound variety of Cinnabar, sometimes impure,
and having on that account a streak which is not perfectly
scarlet-red, but inclines to brown. There is a farther sub-
division of each of these two kinds of rhouibohedral
Ruby-blende. The dark red Cinnabar comprehends the
crystals, and those compound varieties in which the indi-
viduals are still discernible ; it is generally cochineal-red.
The hright red Cinnabar is friable, and of a scarlet- red co-
lour. The compact Quicksilver Liver-Ore contains uni-
form massive varieties of a granular composition, consisting
of impalpable individuals. The slaty Quicksilver Liver-

46

PHYSIOGRAPHY

CLASS II.

Ore is the same thing, only interrupted by irregularly
streaked smooth faces, which possess a slaty appearance.
These, however, are entirely accidental, and have no re-
lation to the composition itself. These varieties, and the
dark-red Cinnabar, are closely connected by transitions,
as is always the case in well determined species. This
is not so immediately the case in the bright red Cinnabar,
perhaps because the latter seems to have undergone a kind
of disintegration, as the traces of columnar composition
which are often observable, indicate.

2. According to two analyses by Klapeoth, it con-
sists of

Mercury 84*50 85-00.

Sulphur 14-75 14*25.
Its chemical formula is Hg S 2 , corresponding to 80*29 of
mercury, and 13 71 of sulphur. The Quicksilver Liver-Ore
contains small quantities of carbon, silica, oxide of iron,
and other foreign admixtures. Before the blowpipe the
pure varieties are entirely volatilised. It is soluble in ni-
tric acid. It may be obtained in crystalline masses, shew-
ing a columnar composition, on being sublimated.

3. Peritomous Ruby-blende chiefly occurs in beds, ac-
corapaaied by fluid Mercury, and the rare species of do-
decahedral Mercury and pyramidal Pearl-kerate, sometimes
only by rhombohedral Lime-haloide and rhombohedral
Quarts. Some of its varieties have also been found in
veins, where they occur along with several ores of iron.
It is found besides in small quantities in the beds of brachy-
typous Parachrose-baryte.

4. It occurs in beds in gneiss, at Reichenau in Upper
Carinthia, and at Hartenstein in Saxony i also at Dura-
brawa in Transylvania , in greywacke. Included in lime-
stone in irregular beds, and in those veins of calcareous
spar which traverse it in all directions, it is found at Her-
magor, Windisch-Kappel, and other places in Carinthia, but
particularly at Neumaiktel in Carniola. Its most important
repositories, however, are Idria in Carniola, the Palatinate,

OUDERXIII. l'RIS.VI ATOIDAL SULl'HUK.

47

and Almadcn in Spain. At Idria it occurs in beds of bitumi-
nous shale, with black Mineral-resin, and dark grey sandstone,
associated with limestone. It seems that the repositories
of Moschellandsberg, Wolfstein, and Almaden, are much
of the same nature. The peritomous ltuby -blende is found
in veins at Schemnitz, Cremnitz, and Rosenau in Hun-
gary, at Horzowitz in Bohemia, and in the Erzberg near
JEisenerz in Stiria. The Quicksilver Liver-Ore has been
found only at Idria, the bright red Cinnabar at Wolfstein
in the Palatinate. Peritomous Ruby-blende is found be-
sides in considerable quantities in Mexico and Peru, in
China, Japan, &c. ; small quantities are met with in seve-
ral countries.

5. It is used for the extraction of mercury ; but only if
very pure, it may be employed as a pigment in its natural
state.

Order XIII. SULPHUR.
Genus I. SULPHUR.

1. PRISMATOIDAL SULPHUR.

Yellow Orpiment or Prismatoidal Sulphur. Jam. Syst.
Vol. III. p. 455. Prismatoidal Sulphur or Yellow
Orpiment. Man. p. 293. Orpiment. Phill. p. 277*
Gelbes llauschgelb. Wern. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S.
220. Rauschgelb. Hausm. I. S. 208. Auripigment.
Leqnh. S. 168. Arsenic sulfure' jaune. Hauy. Traite,
T. IV. p. 234. TabLcomp. p. 100. Traite, 2de Ed. T.
IV. p. 247.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P == 131° 36', 94° ZV, 105° 6'. Vol. I. Fig. 7. Ar-

a : b t c : = 1 : V 0 -8 : V 2 *2.
Simple forms. P (P) ; P + ot> = 117° 49' ; (?r) 5 ;

(Pr + <x>) 3 (u) — 79° W ; Pr (o) = 83° 37';

Pr + oo (s) ; Pr + oo.
Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

48 PHYSIOGKAPHY, CLASS II,

Combinations. 1. P. P + qd. (Pr -f oo) 3 . Sim.
Fig. 36., without n and x.

2. Pi\ P. (Pi + p r + oo. Fig. 17.

3. Pr. P. (Pr) 5 , P +<x>. (Pr + oo) 5 . Pr + oo.
All of them from Tajowa, Hungary.

Cleavage, Pr + oo, highly perfect ; the faces of
cleavage are streaked parallel to the edges of in-
tersection with Pr -|- qd, parallel to which there
are likewise some traces of cleavage. Fracture
scarcely observable. Surface, Pr -f oo, rough,
but even ; all the other faces are streaked paral-
lel to their edges of combination with Pr -f oo,
and generally uneven.

Lustre metallic-pearly upon the perfect faces of
cleavage, for the rest resinous. Colour several
shades of lemon-yellow. Streak lemon-yellow,
generally a little paler than the colour. Semi-
transparent ... translucent on the edges.

Sectile. Thin laminae are highly flexible. Hard-
ness = 1*5 ... 2-0. Sp. Gr. = 3-480, a cleav-
able variety.

Compound Varieties. Reniform, botryoidal, and
other imitative shapes : composition curved lamel-
lar, faces of composition commonly rough. Mas-
sive : composition granular, of various sizes of in-
dividuals ; faces of composition uneven, often irre-
gularly streaked.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Orpiment and Realgar, the prismatoidal and the he-
mi-prismatic Sulphur, are improperly united within one'

ORDER XIII. HEMI-PRISMATIC SULPHUR. 49

and the same species in most mineralogical works. Their
specific difference is obvious in several of their proper-
ties, in the measures of their angles, the character of their
combinations, and particularly in their cleavage. Eminent
faces of cleavage, like those in the present species, never dis-
appear altogether in simple varieties, and may be observed
even in compound ones, though the particles of composi-
tion be nearly impalpable. But no trace of such a cleav-
age exists in the following species, and this circumstance
will therefore always yield a sure and palpable, though
not the only character for distinguishing Orpiment from
Realgar.

2. According to Klaproth and Laugier, the prisma-
toidal Sulphur consists of

Sulphur 38-00 38-14.

Arsenic 62*00 61-86.
Its chemical formula As S 3 agrees with 39*08 of sulphur,
and 60 92 of arsenic. Before the blowpipe upon charcoal it
burns with a blue flame, and emits fumes of sulphur and
arsenic. It is soluble in the nitric, muriatic, and sulphuric
acids.

3. The prismatoidal Sulphur is found in imbedded no-
dules, more rarely in imbedded crystals in blue clay, and is
accompanied by hemi-prismatic Sulphur. In this way it is
met with" at Tajowa near Neusohl in Lower Hungary, in
the neighbourhood of Vienna, and probably also in Wal-
lachia, Servia, and other countries. At Kapnik m Tran-
sylvania, and Felstibanya in Upper Hungary, it occurs in
metalliferous veins with several species of Pyrites, Blende,
and Glance, with native Arsenic, and particularly with he-
mi-prismatic Sulphur. It is found likewise in Natolia,
China, and Mexico.

5. It is used as a pigment.

% HEMI-PRISMATIC SULPHUR.

Red Orpiment or Ruby Sulphur or Hemi-prismatic Sul-
phur. Jam. Svst. Vol. III. p. 451. Hemi-prismatic

vol. III. D

50 PHYSIOGRAPHY. class II.

Sulphur, or Red Orpiment. Man. p. 294. Rothes
Rauschgelb. Werk. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S. 224.
Realgar. Hausm. I. S. 210. Realgar. Leonh. S. 166.
Arsenic sulfure' rouge. Hauy. Traite\ T. IV. p. 228.
Tabl. comp. p. 109. Traite\ 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 247.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.

" ^ = {l31°59'}' I ncnnat i° n
of the axis = 4° 1' in the plane of the long dia-
gonal. Vol. I. Fig. 41. Ap.

a : b : c : d = 14-2 : 38 55 : 29*25 : I.

Simple forms. + | { * } = { j^JI * } ; P + oo

(Pr + od)* (g) = 113° 20' ; (Pr + oo) 7 (w) =

90° 48' ; (P + oo)* = 124° 30' ; (Pr + oo) 5 (v)

_ 53 o s& . + frffl?) (TSMS'i §Pr + 2
r- « so , ±— tP/"" 166^44'/' $ —

= 48° 52'; Pr ■+ o> CO ; Pr + oo (u).
Char, of Comb. Hemi-prismatic. Inclination of
P — oo on Pr + co = 86° 59'.

Pr

Combinations. 1. — — . P -f- oo. Sim. Fig. 44.,
reversed.

3.-l- r . — |. P+x. (Pr+oo)*. Fig. 48.

Q Pr P (Pr) 3 Pr P (Pr)*
o, — » — . ■ — — — . ~~ — — • *~* — -• — -* — — — •

2 2 2 % 2 2

— P + <». (Pr + oo) 5 . (Pr + cc)'.

i

OltDEnxin. HEMI-PRISM ATIC SULPHUR. 51

(Pr + oo) 5 . f r + 00. Pr + oo. Fig. 184.
AH of them from Nagyag, Transylvania.

Cleavage, — ^1 and Pr -f- oo rather perfect ; less

distinct — , P + oo and Pr + gd ; traces of

(Pr 4- oo) 3 ; all of them much interrupted. Frac-
ture perfect conchoidal. Surface, the prisms in
the direction of the principal axis streaked paral-
lel to that line; the inclined faces often rough,

P Pr
particularly — — , and almost always — and

±_?rJti? — Pr . g somet / imes streaked parallel

P

to the edges of combination with — —

Lustre resinous. Colour, aurora-red, several shades,
little differing from each other. Streak orange-
yellow ... aurora-red..

Sectile. Hardness = 1*5 ... 20. Sp. Gr. =8 556,
a semi-transparent crystal.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition gra-
nular, of various sizes of individuals, strongly con-
nected. Fracture conchoidal, uneven.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to Klaproth and Laugier, hemi-prisma-
tic Sulphur consists of

Sulphur 31-00 30-43.

Arsenic C9 00 C9-57.
Its chemical formula is As S% which requires 29 0G of sul-

52

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLA99 II.

phur, and 70*04 of arsenic. It gives the same re-actions as
the preceding species.

2. Some of the varieties of hemi-prismatic Sulphur oc-
cur along with the prismatoidal one, in beds of clay, as at
Tajowa in Hungary. It is found in small nodules, along
with tetrahedral Copper-glance and hexahedral Iron-py-
rites, engaged in dolomite, a granular variety of macroty-
pous Lime-haloide, at St Gothard in Switzerland. More
generally it is met with in metalliferous veins, particularly
with ores of silver and lead, with native Arsenic, several
species of Pyrites, of Baryte, and Haloide, &c. The chief
localities are Kapnik and Nagyag in Transylvania, Felso-
banya in Upper Hungary, Joachimsthal in Bohemia,
Schneeberg in Saxony, Audreasberg in the Hartz, and
many other places. Hemi-prismatic Sulphur is found in
Peru, in the United States of North America, and along
with the preceding species m the vicinity of several active
volcanoes.

4. The hemi-prismatic Sulphur, like the preceding spe-
cies, is used as a pigment.

3. PRISMATIC SULPHUR.

Prismatic Sulphur. Jam. Syst Vol. Ill* p. 459. Man.
p. 295. Sulphur. Philx. p. 300. Natiirlicher
Sehwefel. Werv. Hoffm. H. B. III. I. S. 252. Schwe-
feLHAusM.LS.61. SchwefeLLEONH.S. 109. Soufre.
Hauy. Traite', T. III. p. 277. TabL com p. p. 68.
Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 407.

Mitscherlich. Ann. de Chimie. Vol. XXIV. p. 264.

Fundamental form. Scalene four- sided pyramid.
P = 106° 38', 84° 58', 143° 17'. Vol. I. Fig. 7.
Mitscherlich.

a : b : c = 1 : V°'2776 : *J0'\824.

Simple forms. P — cc (r) ; | P — 2 r= 142° 4',
133° 3', 62° 9* ; (s) = 127° 1', 113° 11',

90° 15'; P (Pj, Conil, Spain; P + oo (m) =

ORDER xiii. PRISMATIC SUI.FHUIU <>'■>

101° 59'; Pr (n) = 55° 36'; Pr = 46° 15' ;
Pr + go (o).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1 . P — oo. P.
8. P— oo. |P— 2. fr. P. P -f oo. Fig. 18. Sicily.
3. P— co. |P — 2. £P — % ?r. Pr. P.
P -|- ac. Artern, Thuringia.

Cleavage, P and P + oo, imperfect, difficultly ob-
tained, and interrupted. Fracture conchoidal,
sometimes highly perfect. Surface, Pr common-
ly rough, the rest of the faces generally smooth
and shining, possessing nearly the same physical
quality.

Lustre resinous. Colour, several shades of sulphur-
yellow, inclining sometimes to red or green.
Streak sulphur-yellow, passing into white. Trans-
parent ... translucent on the edges.

Sectile. Hardness = 15 ...2-5. Sp. Gr. = 2 072,
crystals from Spain.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals: axis of
revolution perpendicular, face of composition paral-
lel to a face of Pr.* Imbedded globules : surface
uneven ; composition impalpable, often impure.
Massive : composition granular, often impalpable,
strongly coherent ; fracture uneven, even, flat con-
choidal. Sometimes pulverulent.

* This kind of regular composition has been observed by Dr
G. Ross. H.

r><*

iuiysioguaimiy.

CLASS II*

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The usual division of the present species into common
and volcanic Sulphur depends upon the geological situation
of their natural repositories. The second kind is a product
of sublimation ; it appears in the shape of crusts, superfi-
cial coatings, stalactites, or also in loose mealy masses ; and
consists generally of columnar particles of composition, not
unfrequently terminating in crystalline points. It occurs
sometimes also in very considerable crystals. Common
Sulphur has been farther subdivided into compact and earthij,
the last of which comprehends those varieties which, on
account of the smallness of the individuals in the granular
compositions, appear as a friable mealy powder.

2. The prismatic Sulphur is the pure sulphur as it oc-
curs in nature, occasionally mixed with bitumen or clay.
It acquires resinous electricity by friction, is easily in-
flammable, and burns with a blue or white flame, and a
pungent smell of sulphurous acid. It is insoluble in water,
but uuites readily with potash or soda. It may be obtain-
ed crystallised by sublimation, or still more easily from so-
lutions in liquids. Professor Mitscherlich has shewn,
that the forms of sulphur, crystallised from fusion, are in-
compatible with those of the present species. They are
hemi-prismatic, being generally oblique rhombic prisms of
90° 32', the terminal face of which is inclined to the ob-
tuse edge of the prism, which is itself commonly replaced,
at an angle of 95* 46' ; a horizontal prism in the direction
of the short diagonal measures 90° 18'. It occurs almost
always in regular compositions. The crystals are at first
transparent, but they soon become opake. It has not yet
been observed in nature.

3. The prismatic Sulphur is principally met with in
beds of prismatoidal Gypsum-haloide, or in the accompany-
ing strata of clay. It is generally associated with rhom-
bohedral Lime-haloide, and often also with prismatoidal
Hal-baryte. In veins it occurs with pyramidal Copper-
pyrites, hexahedral Lead-glance, hemi-prismatic Sulphur,

ORDER XIII. PUISMAT1C SULPHUR.

55

&c. It is deposited from several springs, and in large
quantities from volcanoes. Sometimes it occurs in beds
of bituminous Mineral-coal.

4. Prismatic Sulphur is found in splendid crystals, and
pure massive varieties, also in globular concretions, which,
however, are seldom without earthy or bituminous admix-
tures, in Sicily, and several provinces of Italy. It occurs
in imbedded spheroidal masses of a brown colour, which is
owing to bitumen, at Itadoboy near Crapina in Croatia.
Near Cracovia in Poland it is likewise met with in more or
less pure massive varieties and small crystals. The finest
crystals, besides Sicily, are known from Conil near Cadiz
in Spain. Small crystals have been observed investing
the brown coal from Artern in Thuringia. In veins it oc-
curs in Swabia, in Spain, and in Transylvania. The earthy
Sulphur is found in Poland, in Moravia, and other coun-
tries, the volcanic Sulphur in Iceland, near Vesuvius,
in the Solfatara, in fine crystals in Teneriffe, in great
profusion near the volcanoes of Java, and in the vicinity
of most other active volcanoes. Prismatic Sulphur occurs
besides in Savoy, in Piedmont, in Switzerland, at Lauen-
stein in Hanover, in South America, and many other
countries.

5. Prismatic Sulphur requires to be purified, either by
melting or by sublimation, for rendering it fit to be an ob-
ject of commerce. It is used in the manufacture of gun-
powder, of cinnabar, of several pharmaceutical preparations,
of sulphuric acid, and various other articles.

CLASS III.

UES1N. COAL.

Order I. RESIN.
Genus I. MELICHRONE*-RESIN.
1. PYKAMIDAL MEL1CHKONE-RESIN.

Pyramidal Honeystone. Jam. Syst Vol. III. p. 467.
Pyramidal Mellilite or Honeystone. Man. p. 296.
Mellite. Phil l. p. 374. Honigstein. Tft srk. Hofim.
H. B. III. 1. S. 334. Honigstein. Hausm. III. S.
811. Honigstein. Leonh. S. 648. Mellite. Haut.
Traits, T. III. p. 335. Tabl. comp. p. 72. Traite*, 2de
Ed. T. IV. p. 445.

Fundamental form. Isosceles four-sided pyramid.
P = 118° 4', 93° 22'. Vol. I. Fig. 8. Hauy.

Simple forms. P — oo (o); P — I (t) = 130° 55',

73° 44'; P(P); [P + oo] (g).
Char, of Comb. Pyramidal.
Combinations. LP — oo. P. Sim. Fig. 92.

& P. [P + Qt>]. S. P — GO. P — 1. P.

[P -f oo]. Fig. 105. All of them from Artern.

• From iii^xVh having the colour of honey.

ORDER I.

YELLOW MINERAL-RESIN.

57

Cleavage, P, very difficult. Fracture conchoidal.
Surface, P — oo rough and curved, P — 1
rough, P and [P + oo] smooth and shining.

Lustre resinous, inclining to vitreous. Colour honey-
yellow, inclining often to red or brown. Streak
white. Transparent ...translucent.

Sectile. Hardness = 2-0... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 1-597.

Compound Varieties. Small massive nodules :
composition granular.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to Klaproth, the present species con-
sists of

Alumina 16-00.

Mellitic Acid 40*00.

Water 3300.
It loses colour and transparency, when exposed to the flame
of a candle, and is soluble in nitric acid.

2. It does not frequently occur in nature, as there is only
one well authenticated locality of it, Artern in Thuringia,
where it is found in a bed of brown coal, which is nearly
earthy, sometimes accompanied by small crystals of pris-
matic Sulphur. It has been quoted from Switzerland.

Genus II. MINERAL-RESIN.

1. YELLOW MINERAL-RESIN.

Yellow Mineral Resin or Amber. Jam. Syst. Vol. III.
p. 470. Man. p. 297* Amber. Pm.LL.p. 373. Bern-
stein. Wern. Hotfln. II. B. III. 1. S. 324. Bbrn-
stein. Hausm. I. S. 92. Bernstein. Leonh. S. 664.
Succin. Hauy. Traite\ T. III. p. 327. Tabl. comp.
p. 71* Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 473.

Irregular forms, grains and spheroidal masses.

58

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS III.

Cleavage none. Fracture conchoidal. Surface un-
even and rough.

Lustre resinous. Colour yellow prevalent, passing
into red, brown, and white. Strpak white. Trans-
parent ...translucent.

Not very brittle. Hardness = 20 ... 2-5. Sp.
Gr. == 1-081, a honey-yellow variety. Resinous
electricity produced by friction.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Two subspecies have been distinguished in Amber, ac-
cording to their lustre and transparency. YeUow Amber
contains yellow and red varieties, possessing the highest
degrees of transparency to be met with in the species,
while white Amber refers to white and pale yellow faintly
translucent varieties. Often, however, both kinds are join-
ed in one and the same specimen, and pass insensibly into
each other, which demonstrates their identity.

2. According to Drappier, it consists of

Carbon 80*59.

Hydrogen 7*31.

Oxygen 673.

Lime 1-54.

Alumina 1*10.

Silica 0-63.
It burns with a yellow flame, giving out an agreeable odour,
and leaves a carbonaceous residue. It is soluble in alcohol.

3. The yellow Mineral-resin no doubt derives its origin
from the vegetable kingdom. This receives an additional
evidence by the insects and other organic bodies which it
includes. It is found in beds of bituminous wood, from
which it is disengaged by the action of the waves on the
sea coast, and then thrown out or taken with nets.

4. The greatest quantity of the present species is obtain-
ed on the Prussian coasts of the Baltic, also on the coasts
of Courland, Livonia, Pomerania, and Denmark. But it

OUDLR I.

"LACK MINERAL-RESIN.

59

has been found also, generally engaged in bituminous wood,
in Sicily, in Spain, near Paris in France, in Greenland, in
China, and other countries.

^5. It is cut into various ornaments and works of art, it
enters the composition of certain kinds of varnish, and
serves for fumigation. Considerable value is attached to
large specimens which are transparent.

% BLACK MINERAL-RESIN.

Black Mineral Resin. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 481. Han.
p. 208. Mineral Oil. Bitumen. Mineral Pitch. Phill.
p. 3CC. 368. Erdol. Erdpech. Wern. Hofim. H. B.
III. 1. S. 266. 270. IV. 2. S. 137. Bergpech. Elaterit.
Bergtheer. Naphtha. Hausm. I. S. 65. 87- 80. 89.
Erdol. Elaterit. Asphalt. Leonh. S. 078. 680. 681.
Bitume. Hauy. Traite, T. III. p. 310. Tabl. comp.
p. 70. Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 452.

Aggregation solid, or fluid, and all the intermediate
stages. No regular form. Stalactitic shapes:
surface smooth. Massive*

Fracture conchoid al, more or less perfect, uneven.

Lustre resinous. Colour black prevalent, but pas-
sing also into various brown and red tints. Fluid
varieties are sometimes perfectly colourless.
Streak commonly unchanged, sometimes lighter
than the colour. Translucent on the edges,
opake ; some fluid varieties are transparent.

Sectile, malleable, elastic. Bituminous odour.
Hardness = 0-0 20. Sp. Gr. = 0S28,
brown, malleable; = 1-073, black, slaggy ;
1160, hyacinth-red, slaggy.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Mineral OH and Mineral PUeti, generally considered
as two distinct species, are included in the black Mineral-

1

CO

PHYSIOGRAPHY

CLASS ill.

resin, as they scarcely differ in any thing but in their state
of aggregation, which, however, from the perfectly fluid
to the solid varieties, forms an uninterrupted series. The
mineral oil is first inspissated, and then it is changed
into mineral pitch by exposure to the air. Mineral pitch
has been divided into elastic, earthy, and slaggy. The first
is distinguished by its elasticity, which, however, it loses
on exposure to the air, the fracture of the second is earthy,
that of the third more or less perfectly conchoidal, and
corresponding to the degrees of lustre it possesses. All
these varieties are joined by transitions.

2. The fluid variety of the present species, called NapJ^
tha, consists, according to Thomson and Saussure, of

Carbon 82-20 87*60.

Hydrogen 14-80 12*78.
Mineral oil is easily inflammable, and burns with a white
flame and much smoke. Also the mineral pitch is very
inflammable, and burns with a bituminous smell; some
varieties mek in a higher temperature.

3. The fluid varieties of the present species ooze out of
several rocks, as sandstone, slaty clay, &c, or they are
found on the surface of springs and other waters. The
elastic varieties occur only in the repositories of hexahedral
Lead-glance in limestone rocks ; the earthy ones in beds
associated with limestone, and probably included in some
of the coal formations. The slaggy varieties are often in-
cluded in nodules in limestone, in agate balls, in veins,
with hexahedral Lead-glance, octahedral Fluor-haloide,
&c. ; also in beds. It is met with on the shores and in the
waters of the Dead Sea.

4. Fluid varieties have been found in various districts of
Italy, in Sicily, in Zante, in the Caspian Sea, in Persia,
and other countries in Asia ; also, though in smaller quanti-
ties, in Westphalia and Alsace. Elastic mineral pitch,
sometimes called Mineral Caouichmk* has been hitherto
found only at Castleton in Derbyshire. Earthy mineral
pitch is found near Neufcliatel in Switzerland, at Grund
in the Hurtz, in Dalmatia, &c. ; the slaggy varieties occur

OHDEll II. BITUMINOUS MINERAL-COAL.

()1

forming nodules in limestone at Bleiberg in Carinthia, im-
bedded in sandstone in Albania, in great profusion in the
island of Trinidad. It is found in veins in the Ibergnear
Grund in the Harlz, in Derbyshire, and other places.

5. The different varieties of the present species allow
of considerable application for illuminating, for fuel, in fire-
works, in the manufacture of varnish, of black sealing-wax,
and for other purposes.

Order II. COAL.

Genus I. MINERAL-COAL.

1. BITUMINOUS MINERAL-COAL.

Brown Coal (excepting Alum-Earth). Black Coal. Jam.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 495. f>07. Bituminous Mineral Coal
(excepting Alum-Earth). Man. p. 301. Black Coal.
Common Coal. Cannel Coal. Jet. Brown Coal. Phill.
p. 370. 371. 372. Braunkohle (excepting Alaunerde).
Schwarzkohle (excepting Stangenkohle).AVE hn. HofFm.
H. B. III. 1. S. 277. 291. Scbwarzkohle. Braunkohle.
Haus3I. I. S. 73. 77* Pechkohle. Blatterkolile. Kan.
nelkohle.Grobkohle. Russkohle. Braunkohle. Bitumino-
ses Holz. Moorkohle. Erdkohle. Papierkohle. Lconh.
S. 6G9. 670. C71. C72. 673. 6'75. 070. 677. Ilouille.
Javet. Hauy. Traite*, T. III. p. 316. 324. Houille (ex-
ceptingH.bacillaire). Javet. Tabl. comp. p. 71. Traite',
2de EtL T. IV. p. 459. 470.

No regular form or str act ure. Fracture conchoidal,
uneven.

Lustre resinous, more or less distinct. Colour,
black or brown, passing in earthy varieties into
greyish tints. Streak unchanged, except that it
sometimes becomes shining. Opake.

Sectile, in different degrees. Hardness = 10 ... 2-5.
Sp. Gi\ == 1 -223, moor-coal from Teplitz ;
= 1 -270, common brown coal from Eibiswald in

62 PHYSIOGRAPHY." CLASS III.

Stiria ; = 1*271, black coal from Newcastle;
— 1*268, bituminous wood; 1*329, common brown
coal from Leoben in Stiria; 1-423, cannel coal
from Wigan in Lancashire.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition la-
mellar, faces of composition smooth and even, dif-
ferent gradations ; granular texture, often impal-
pable, and then fracture is uneven, even, or flat
conchoidal. Ligniform shapes, the structure of
which resembles that of wood, sometimes very dis-
tinct,butoften obliterated, with the exception of some
slight traces. Fracture then becomes conchoidal,
particularly across the fibres. There are some
earthy varieties of a loose friable texture.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. In the present species of bituminous Mineral-coal are
comprised the Brown Coal and the Black Coal of Werner,
excepting the columnar coal, which must be referred to
the following species. These two kinds, however, and
still more so the varieties which they contain, are very
difficult to be ascertained. Colour, structure, and the kind
of lustre which depends upon the latter, are almost all that
remain for their distinction. The colour of Brown Coal,
as the name imports, is brown; it possesses a ligneous
structure, or consists of earthy particles ; the colour of Black
Coal is black, not inclining to brown, and it does not possess
the structure of wood. The varieties of Brown Coal are
the following : Bituminous Wood, which presents a ligneous
texture, and very seldom any thing like conchoidal frac-
ture, imperfect, and without lustre ; Earthy Coal, consist-
ing of loose friable particles; Moor Coal, or Trapezoidal
Brown Coal, distinguished by the want of ligneous struc-
ture, by the property of bursting and splitting into angular

OIIDEH li. BITUMINOUS MINERAL-COAL.

fragments, when removed from its original repository, and
the low degree of lustre upon its imperfect concboidal frac-
ture ; Common Brown Coal, which, though it still shews
traces of ligneous texture, is of a more firm consistency
than the rest of the varieties, and possesses higher degrees
of lustre upon its more perfect conchoidal fracture. Some
varieties of Black coal immediately join those of Brown
coal. They are : Pitch Coal, of a velvet-black colour, ge-
nerally inclining to brown, strong lustre, and presenting in
every direction large and perfect conchoidal fracture. Slate
Coal possesses a more or less coarse slaty structure, which,
however, seems to be rather a kind of lamellar composition,
than real fracture. Foliated Coal is similarly compound,
only the lamina? are thinner, and Coarse Coal has a compo-
sition resembling it, only the component particles are
smaller, and approach to a granular appearance. Canncl
Coal is without visible composition, and has a flat con-
choidal fracture in every direction, with but little lustre,
by which it is distinguished from Pitch-coal. It is most
like the Moor coal, but the difference in their specific gra-
vity is greater than between almost any other two varie-
ties of coal. All these kinds are joined by numerous transi-
tions, so that it often becomes doubtful to which of them
we should ascribe certain specimens, though they undoubt-
edly are bituminous Mineral-coal.

2. The preceding varieties of coal consist of bitumen and
carbon in various proportions. They are more or less
easily inflammable, and burn with flame and a bituminous
smelL Several varieties become soft, and others coak,
when kindled. They leave a more or less considerable
earthy residue.

3. The varieties called slate coal, foliated coal, coarse
coal, cannel coal, and pitch coal, occur chiefly in the coal for-
mation ; some varieties of pitch-coal, also the moor-coal,
bituminous wood and common brown coal, are met with in
the formations above the chalk ; the earthy coal, and some
varieties of bituminous wood and common brown coal, are
often included in diluvial and alluvial detritus. The coal

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS III.

seams alternate with beds of slaty clay and common clay,
sandstone, limestone, sand, &c. They are often associated
with vegetable organic remains, in slaty clay, sometimes
also with shells. Generally there is some hexahedral or
prismatic Iron-pvrites intermixed along with them, and
they are traversed by veins, generally narrow, of hexahe-
dral Lead-glance.

4. The bituminous Mineral-coal is so universally distri-
buted, that only a few localities can here be mentioned as
examples. Bituminous wood is found in considerable quan-
tity in Iceland, and is called Surturbrand; in the Meissner
mountain in Hessia, in the Westerwald, at Voitsberg in
Stiria, at Bovey in Devonshire. Earthy coal is found at
Merseburg, Halle, Bernburg, at Eisleben in Thuringia.
Moor coal occurs in the northern districts of Bohemia, as
at Elbogen, Carlsbad, Teplitz, &c. also at Kaltennordheim.
Common brown coal occurs in immense quantities on the
river Sau, and on the foot of the Schwamberg Alps in
Lower Stiria, at Judenburg, Leoben, and other places in
Upper Stiria, in the Meissner in Hessia. Pitch coal is
likewise found in the Meissner, at Planitz and Zwickau
in Saxony, in Silesia, on the Rhine, in France ; slaty coal
at Potschappel in Saxony, in Silesia, in Westphalia, but
particularly at Newcastle, Whitehaven, and other places
in England and Scotland. Foliated coal is raised at
Potschappel, at Lobegdn near Halle on the Saale, also
at Haring in the Tyrol, at Liege ; coarse coal at Neustadt
in the Hartz, at Potschappel in Saxony, in Silesia, &c. ;
and the cannel-coal particularly in Lancashire and Shrop-
shire in England, and in Scotland.

5. The important use of the bituminous Mineral-coal is
well known. The cannel-coal is worked into buttons, snuff-
boxes, &c-

2. NON-BITUMINOUS MINERAL-COAL.

Glance Coal (excepting the first subsp.). Jam. Syst. Vol.
III. p. 515. Man. p. 305. Mineral Carbon. Mineral
Charcoal, Anthracite. Blind Coal Phiil. p. 364. 365.

oitDER ii. NON-BITUMINOUS MINER AL-C0 A L. 65

Stangenkohle. Glanzkohle. Wehn. Hoffm. H. B. III.
1. S. 295. 314. Anthrazit. Hausm. I. S. 70. Koh-
lenblende. Glanzkohle. Stangenkohle. Leonh. S. 667.
66S. 672. Anthracite. Hauy. Traits, T. III. p. 307-
Tabl. comp. p. 69. Traits, 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 440.

No regular form or structure. Fracture conchoidal,

often perfect.
Lustre imperfect metallic. Colour iron-black,

sometimes inclining to greyish-black. Streak

unchanged. Opake.
Not very brittle. Hardness = 2-0 ... 25. Sp.

Gr. = 1-400, columnar coal from Meissner ;

= 1-482, glance coal from Schonfeld, in Saxony.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition la-
mellar, faces of composition either smooth and shin-
ing, or rough ; generally impalpable, fracture con-
choidal, more or less perfect. Some varieties are
vesicular, others divided into columnar masses,
meeting in rough faces.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Besides Glance-Coal, the present species contains
also the Columnar Coal, which in the Wernerian system is
comprised in the species of Black Coal, to which, however,
it does not belong. The Columnar Coal in particular is re-
markable for its irregular columnar composition, which is
probably produced by fissures, and the low degree of lustre
in its fracture. Glance-coal has been divided into Con.
choidal and Slaty Glance-Coal^ the latter of which in parti-
cular is designated by the name of Anthracite. The first
of them possesses a perfect conchoidal fracture, the second
is compound like Slate Coal.

2. The varieties of the present species do not contain any
bitumen, but consist wholly of carbon, occasionally mixed
with variable proportions of oxide of iron, silica, and altt-

VOl. III. E

66

rHYSIOGllAPHY

(.LASS ill.

mina. They are difficultly inflammable, ami burn without
smoke, flame, or bituminous smell, leaving a more or less
considerable earthy residue.

3. The non-bituminous Mineral-coal is less frequent than
the bituminous one. It very often occurs included in more
ancient rocks ; but some varieties are found in secondary
strata. It is sometimes met with in veins traversing trap
rocks.

4. The columnar coal is principally found on the Meissner
in Hessia, along with the conchoidal Glance-coal, forming
the uppermost division of a bed of bituminous wood, cover-
ed by basalt. It is said also to have been found in Dum-
friesshire, and other districts of Scotland. Besides the
Meissner, the conchoidal Glance-coal occurs at Schonfeld
near Frauenstein in' Saxony ; in the neighbourhood of Spa ;
also in Ayrshire in Scotland, and in Staffordshire in Eng-
land. The slaty Glance-coal is found in considerable quan-
tity at Schonfeld ; also at Lischwitz near Gera in Saxony,
in Savoy, at Kongsberg in Norway, in the isle of Arran
and other places in Scotland, as, for instance, in the trap
rocks of the Calton hill near Edinburgh.

5. On account of its difficult inflammability, the employ-
ment of the non-bituminous Mineral-coal is less general
than that of the bituminous one ; yet it has been used for
burning lime, in the process of refining iron, &c.

6. The Mineral Charcoal seems to be most nearly allied
to the present species. It occurs in thin layers and mas.
sive specimens, of a very delicate columnar composition,
and presenting on that account a kind of silky lustre. It
is greyish-black or velvet-black, and inclosed in the varie-
ties of bituminous Mineral-coal, particularly slate-coal and
brown-coal. It occurs in many districts of Bohemia, Sax-
ony, Silesia, England, &c. At Yoitsberg in Stiriait is very
plentiful in bituminous wood.

APPENDIX I.

MINERALS, THE GREATER PART OF WHICH WILL PROBABLY
FORM IN FUTURE DISTINCT SPECIES IN THE MINERAL
SYSTEM.

ACMITE.

SPAR.

Achmite. Strom. Edinb. PhiL Journ. Vol. IX. p. 55.

Hemi-prismatic. Combination observed similar to
Fig. 186.* Inclination of M on M over r — 86°
56', angle abc = 28° 19', Mitscherlich ; s on s
= 119° 3(X, edge between s and s on r = 106°,
Ap. Twin-crvstals compound parallel to r.

Cleavage, distinct parallel to M, also to r and I
and s. Fracture imperfect eonchoidal. Surface,
r irregularly streaked in a longitudinal direction,
the rest of the faces pretty even, but not very
smooth.

Lustre vitreous. Colour brownish-black. Streak
pale yellowish-grey. Opake, very thin edges are
translucent, and shew a fine yellow i si l-brown tint.

Brittle. Hardness = 6 0 ... 6-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-24,
Strom.

• In the cabinet of Mr Allan.

08

PHYblOGltAFHY.

It resembles paratomous Augite-spar in a remarkable de-
gree, particularly in regard to form and regular composi-
tion. It has been found by Berzelius to consist of

Silica 55*25.

Oxide of Iron 31*25.

Oxide of Manganese 1*08.

Lime 0*72.

Soda 10*40.
It melts readily before the blowpipe, into a black globule.

It is found at Eger in Norway, imbedded in granite.
Its name is derived from a*/** a point, from the form of
the crystals.

ALLANITE.
ORE.

Allanite. Thomson. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VI.
p. 371. Prismatic Cerium-Ore or Allanite. Jam. Syst.
Vol. III. p. 181. Man. p. 319. Allanite (in part).
Fhill. p. 264.

Tetarto-prismatic. Combination observed similar
to Fig. 185. Inclination of r on M = 129°,
r on P = 116°, MonP = 115° ; s on r = 135i°,
d on r = 124i°, y on r = 109°, *on* = 156f °,
x on t = 1641°, x on y = 151°, tony = °,
Ap.

Cleavage parallel to r and P indistinct. Fracture
imperfect conchoidal.

Lustre imperfect metallic. Colour brownish- or
greenish-black. Streak greenish-grey. Opake,
faintly translucent in thin splinters, and brown.

Brittle. Hardness =6 0. Sp. Gr. = 4 001, Bouanon

Allanite froths before the blowpipe, and melts imperfect-
ly into a black scoria. It gelatinises in nitric acid, and
consists, according to Br Thomson, of

ALLOPHANE.

69

Oxide of Cerium 33-90.

Oxide of Iron 25*40.

Silica 35*40.

Lime 9-20.

Alumina 4*10.

It was discovered at Alluk in East Greenland, by Sir
Charles Giesecke, and first observed by Mr Allan.
It is accompanied by pyramidal Zircon, rhombohedral
Quartz, &c.

ALLOPHANE.

Allophane. Jam. Syst- Vol. III. p. 531. Man. p. 181. Al-
lophane. Phill. p. 88.

Reniform, botryoidal, massive : composition impalp-
able. Fracture conchoidal.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour
blue, green, brown. Transparent ... translucent
on the edges.

Hardness = 3 0 nearly. Sp. Gr. = 1-852 ... 1-889,
Stromeyeu.

Without addition it is infusible before the blowpipe.
With borax it melts into a transparent, colourless glass. It
consists, according to Stromeyer, of

Alumina 32-202.

Silica 21*922.

Lime 0-730.

Sulphate of Lime 0*517.

Carbonate of Copper 3*058.

Hydrate of Iron 2-270.

Water 41-301.

It is found at Saalfeld in Thuringia, in the mining dis-
trict of Schneeberg in Saxony, and other places. It was
first described by Professor Stromeyeu.

70

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

ALUMINITE.

Aluminite. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 55. Man. p. 314. Alu-
minite. Fhill. p. 145.

Renifbrm, massive : composition impalpable. Sur-
face dull. Fracture fine grained and earthy.
Friable.

Colour white. Streak white, a little glimmering.

It soils. Opake.
Sp. Gr. = 1-669, Sghrebeb.

It is difficultly fusible. In acids it is readily dissolved,
and does not effervesce. It imbibes water, but does not
fall into pieces. According to Stromeyek, it consists of

from Halle* from JVcuJiavefi.
Alumina 30-262 29-868.

Sulphuric Acid 23-365 23*270.
Water 46-327 46762.

It occurs at Halle on the Saale in Prussia, in beds of
plastic clay, and also near Newhaven in Sussex in lime-
stone*

AMBLYGONITE.
STAR.

Aniblygonite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 532. Man. p. 316.
Amblygonite. Phill. p. 198.

Prismatic. P + oo = 106° 10'. Cleavage, P + qd.
Fracture uneven.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to pearly. Colour green-
ish-white, passing into light mountain- and celan-
dine-green. Streak white. Semi-transparent . . .
translucent.

Hardness = 6*0, Breithaupt. Sp. Gr. = 300
... 3 04, Beeitiiaupt.

ANORTHITE.

71

Before the blowpipe it is easily fusible, intumesces, and
is converted into a white enamel. According to Berze-
lius, it consists of alumina, the phosphoric and fluoric
acids, and lithia, in greater quantities than any other mineral.

It has hitherto been found only at Chursdorf near Pcnig
in Saxony, where it occurs in granite, along with rhombo-
hedral Tourmaline and prismatic Topaz. It was firsf! dis-
covered to be a particular species by Mr Breithaupt.

ANORTHITE.

FELD-SPAR.

Anorthit. G. Rose. Gilberts Annalen der Physik. 1 623.
St. 2. p. 173.

Tetarto-prismatic. Simple forms and combinations,
also the regular compositions exactly similar to
those of Albite, p. 255., represented in Figs.
84-87. Dr Rose gives the following measure-
ments of the angles.

I on J l =122° 2'. y on P (over x) = 98*29'.
Ton I = 120° 30'. P on M (over *) = 85° 48'.
TowM «= 117° 28V P on M (opposite) = 94° 12'.
Pon T =110° 57'. * on M = 115° 20'.

x on P = 128° 27'. P on » = 133° 13'.

Cleavage perfect parallel to P and M ; none paral-
lel to T. Fracture conchoidal. Surface of T
more smooth than of I.

Lustre pearly upon cleavage planes, vitreous in
other directions. Colour white. Streak white.
Transparent ... translucent.

Brittle. Hardness = G O. Sp. Gr. = 2-763, mas-
sive ; = 2 656 small crystals, apparently not en-
tirely free from pyroxene. Rose.

72

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

According to Dr G. Rose, it consists of
Silica 44*49.
Alumina 34-46.
Oxide of Iron 0*74.
. Lime 15-63.
Magnesia 5-26.
Before the blowpipe it comports itself nearly like prismatic
Feld-spar, Albite, and Labradorite, only that with soda it
does not give a clear glass. It is entirely decomposed by
concentrated muriatic acid.

The only locality of Anorthite is Mount Vesuvius ; it is
found lining cavities in limestone, along with a green va-
riety of paratomous Augite-spar.

APHRITE.

Aphrite. Jam. Syst Vol. II. p. 543. Man. p. 48.
Aphrite. Phill. p. 150.

Prismatic. Cleavage monotomous, very distinct.

Massive : composition granular, sometimes scaly,

sometimes not coherent.
Lustre pearly upon the faces of cleavage. Colour

white. Streak white. Opake.
Sectile. Feels fine, not greasy. Soils a little.

Hardness = 0-5 ... 10. Sp. Gr. = 2-533.

It effervesces violently with nitric acid, and is completely
dissolved. The friable varieties readily absorb water, du-
ring which they give a crackling noise. According to
Bucholz, it consists of

Lime 51*500.

Silica 5*715.

Oxide of Iron 3-285.

Carbonic Acid 39*000.

Water 1*000.
It occurs at Rubiz near Gera in Saxony, upon the Meiss-

ARGENTIFEROUS COPPER-GLANCE. 73

ner in Hessia, and in several places in the county of Mans*
feld. It is found in those varieties of secondary limestone,
which have been called Rauchreacke and Asche, and is some-
times accompanied by, and intermixed with, prismatoidal
Gypsum-haloide.

ARFVEDSONITE.

SPAR.

Arfvedsonite- Brooke. Ann. of Phil. No. XXIX. p. 381.
Phill. p. 377-

Cleavage, a rhombic prism of 123° 55', with bril-
liant faces.

Colour black. Sp. Gr. = 344, Brooke.

It resembles hemi -prismatic Augite-spar, and is general-
ly considered as a ferriferous variety of it It accompanies
the dodecahedral Kouphone-spar from Greenland, and black
paratomous Augite-spar, with which it is grouped with pa-
rallel axes, in the same manner as amphibole and pyroxene
in several varieties of diallage. It has not been analysed,
but according to Mr Children (Ann. of Phil. XI.III. p.
37-), it melts easily into a black globule, if exposed in the
platina forceps to the blast of the blowpipe. With borax
it gives a glass coloured by iron ; with salt of phosphorus
likewise, but paler, and becoming colourless on cooling; a
dark grey silica skeleton remains undissolved.

ARGENTIFEROUS COPPER-GLANCE.
GLANCE.

Argentiferous Copper-Glance. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 551.
Man. p. 321. Sulphuret of Silver and Copper. Phill.
p. 293.

Massive : composition impalpable.
Fracture flat conchoidal, even.

74 rilYSIOC.lt APHY.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
shining.

Perfectly sectile. Soft. Sp.Gr. =6*255, Stromeyer.

Constituent parts, according to Stromeyer,
Silver 52-272.
Copper 30*478.
Iron 0-333.
Sulphur 15-782.
It occurs along with pyramidal Copper-pyrites, rhombo-
hedral Lime-haloide and rhombohedral Quartz at Schlangen-
berg in Siberia, and is very rare. It was first described by
Professors Hausmann and Stromeyer.

ARSENICAL BISMUTH.
Arsenik-Wismuth. Wern. Syst. S. 56.

Implanted globular shapes, massive : composition
thin columnar, impalpable, also curved lamellar.
Fracture imperfect conchoidal or uneven.

Lustre resinous. Colour dark hair-brown.

Rather brittle. Soft. Heavy.

It decrepitates briskly before the blowpipe, emits an ar-
senical odour, and is finally converted into a glass, which
effervesces with borax.

It occurs at Schneeberg in Saxony.

ATACAMITE.

MALACHITE.

Prismatic Atacamite. Jam. Syst Vol. II. p. 343. Man. p.
104. Muriate of Copper. Ph ill. p. 313.

Prismatic. Combinations somewhat resembling
Fig. 21. ; often only the faces o and d> producing
a combination like Fig. 1. Inclination of o on o-

UABINGTONITE. 75

(adjacent) = 107° IV ; of d on d (adj.) - 112°
45' ; of M on J/ (over o) =r 80°, # on z (over
J/) = 127° 7'. Phillips. Reniform, massive :
composition columnar.
Cleavage, perfect parallel to P, less distinct paral-
lel to M.

Colours olive-, leek-, grass-, emerald-, and blackish-
green. Streak apple-green. Nearly transparent
... translucent on the edges.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 3 0 . . . 3-5. Sp. Gr. =
4-43, Leonhard.

It communicates bright blue and green colours to the
flame of a candle, or if exposed to the blast of the blow-
pipe, it developes vapours of muriatic acid, and melts at last
into a globule of copper. It is soluble without efferves-
cence in nitric acid. It consists, according to Proust and
Klaproth, of

Oxide of Copper 76-595 73 00.

Muriatic Acid 10-C38 10-10.

Water 12-767 10-90.

It is chiefly brought from Chili and Peru, but is also
found in Europe, as in the repositories of Iron-ore at
Schwarzenberg in Saxony, and upon lava in the neigh-
bourhood of Mount Vesuvius. It is often produced when
metallic copper or copper-ores have been exposed to the
action of the atmosphere, or of sea-water.

BABINGTONITE.

SPAR.

Babingtonite. LiJvy. Ann. of Phil. XL. p. 275.

Tetarto-prismatic. Combination observed, repre-
sented Fig. 187. Angles, according to Levy :

7(3

PHYSIOGRAPHY'.

p on m = 92° 34/ ; p on t = 88°, * on h — 155°
25', m on t = 112° 3<y 5 won A = 137° 5', p
on = 150° 25', ^on«i= 132° 15', h on g
= 89° 20'.

Cleavage distinct, parallel to p and t. Fracture
imperfect conchoidal.

Lustre vitreous. Colour black, often greenish,
thin splinters are faintly translucent, and of a
green colour perpendicular to jh °f a brown co-
lour parallel to it. In larger crystals it appears
opake. Hardness = 5-5 ... 6 0.

It resembles certain dark coloured varieties of parato-
mous Augite-spar. According to Mr Children, it is
composed of silica, iron, manganese, and lime, with a trace
of titanium. It occurs at Arendal in Norway in small crys-
tals disposed on the surface of crystals of Albite.

B ARYTO-CALCITE.
HAL-BARYTE.

Baryto-Caleile. Brooke. Ann. of Phil. XLIV. p. 114.
Edin. Journ. of Science. Vol. I. p. 378.

Hemi-pi ismatic. Combinations similar to Fig. 44.
and Fig. 188. Inclination of M on M = 106°
54', h on P (over a) = J 06° 8', Ponlr
102° 54', according to Brooke ; b on b = 95°
15', h on the edge between b and b = 119°, P
on the same edge = 135°, c on c ~ 145° 54', d
on d over 7* = 68°. It is also found massive, in
granular compositions.

Cleavage perfect, parallel to M, less easily obtained

BEItGMANNlTE. 77

though perfect parallel to P. Fracture uneven,
imperfect conchoidal. Surface, h striated parallel
to the edges of combination with M> the vertical
prisms parallel to the axis.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour
white, greyish, yellowish, or greenish. Streak
white. Transparent ... translucent.

Hardness = 4-0. Sp. Gr. = 3*66, Childben.

It does not melt alone before the blowpipe, but gives a
clear globule with borax. It consists, according to Mr

Children, of

Carbonate of Barvtes 65-9.

Carbonate of Lime 33-6.
It sometimes gives traces of iron and manganese.

It occurs in pretty considerable quantities at Alston
Moor in Cumberland, both massive and crystallised.

The discovery of Baryto-Calcite is in particular favour-
able to shew the advantages of a systematic nomenclature.
Upon examining its characters and resemblance to other
species, it is immediately arranged with the genus Hal-ba-
ryte, and must therefore assume the denomination of the
hemi-jjrismatic Ual-baryte.

BERGMANNITE.
SPAR.

Bergmannite. Jam. Man. p. 317- Var. of pyramidal Fel-
spar or Scapolite. Syst. Vol. II. p. 43. Bergmannite.
Phill. p. 200.

Massive: composition thin columnar, or promiscuous.
Lustre pearly. Colour several tints of grey, pass-
ing into white and brick-red. Opake.
Not very brittle. Soft, passing into semi-hard,

I

78 1*11 Y.S IOG RAPHY.

Breithaupt. Scratches glass 5 and even quartz,
Hauy. Sp. Gr. = 2-300, Schumacher.

Before the blowpipe it becomes white, arid then melts
without effervescence into a colourless glass. It occurs
in the neighbourhood of Stavern in Norway, along with
prismatic Feld-spar.

BISMUTHIC SILVER.

GLANCE ?

Bismuthic Silver. Jam. Syst. Vol III. p. 554. Man*
p. 318. Bismuthic Silver. Phill. p. 294.

Acicular and capillary crystals. Massive : compo-
sition impalpable. Fracture uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour light lead-grey, subject
to be tarnished. Opake.

Sectile. Soft.

It melts readily before the blowpipe, covers the charcoal
with an areola of the oxides of lead and bismuth, and final-
ly yields a silver button. It is dissolved in dilute nitric add,
and, according to Klaproth, consists of

Lead 3300.
Bismuth 27*00.
Silver 1500.
Iron 4*30.
Copper 0*90.
Sulphur 10-30.
It has been found at Schapbach in Baden, along with seve-
ral minerals of the orders Pyrites and Glance, and also with
rhombohedral Quartz. It is used as an ore of silver.

BLACK COBALT OCHRE.

Black Cobalt-Ochre. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 198. Man.
p. 111. Earthy Cobalt Phill. p. 2,81.

BLOEDITE.

79

Botryoidal, stalactitic, massive: composition impal-
pable. Fracture conchoidal ... very fine earthy.

Colour blueish and brownish-black, blackish-brown.
Streak shining, even in friable varieties, with a
somewhat resinous lustre. Opake.

Sectile. Soils but little. Soft, sometimes passing
into very soft. Sp. Gr. = 2-200, of the botryoidal
compound variety from Saalfeld, Bueitiiaupt.

Before the blowpipe it gives out an arsenical smell, and
colours borax smalt blue. It consists of the oxides of co-
balt and manganese.

It occurs at Saalfeld, Kamsdorf, and Glucksbrunn in
Thuringia ; at Riechelsdorf in Hessia, in the principality
of Furstenberg, in different mineral repositories, winch also
contain several species of Cobalt-pyrites. It is used in the
fabrication of smalt.

It seems that the yellow and the brown cobalt ochre are
in a close connexion with the black variety ; yet they all
require some farther examination.

BLOED1TE.

SALT.

Bloedit. John. Chem. Unters. V. S. 240. Leonh. p. G3G.

Massive : composition thin columnar. Fracture

uneven, splintery.
Lustre faint, vitreous. Colour between flesh red

and brick-red. Translucent, becoming opake

and white by decomposition.
Soft.

It occurs at Ischel in Upper Austria, along with pris-
matic Gypsum-haloide and the Polyhalite. It consists, ac-
cording to John, of

80

rHYSIOGIt APHY.

Sulphate of Magnesia S6-6G.

Sulphate of Soda 33*34.

Protosulphate of Manganese 0-33.

Muriate of Soda 22-00.

Water 0*34.
with a mechanical admixture of persulphate of iron with
excess of base.

BREISLAKITE.

This name has been given to a substance from Vesuvius
in very delicate capillary crystals, of a reddish-brown or
chestnut-brown colour, bent and grouped like wool, on the
surface of cavities in a kind of lava, resembling the Grau-
stein of Werner. Its other properties have not been as-
certained. It contains a considerable quantity of copper,
giving with salt of phosphorus a green globuble in the
oxidating flame, which becomes red in the reducing flame
of the blowpipe.

BREWSTERITE.

KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Brewsterite. Brooke. Edin. Phil. Journ. VoL VI. p. 112.
Brewsterite. Phill. p. 200.

Hemi-prismatic. Combination represented Fig. 189-
Inclination of the edge between d and d on that
between h and h 9 = 93° W ; d on d = 172°.
Prisms: h = 176°; g = 136°; e =s 131°;
c = 121°. Brooke.

Cleavage, perfect parallel to P, traces parallel to
a plane, which replaces the edge between h and h.
Fracture uneven.

Surface of the prisms streaked parallel to their com-
mon intersections.

Lustre vitreous, pearly upon P. Colour white,

BROCHANTITE

81

inclining to yellow and grey. Transparent ...
translucent.

Hardness = 5 0 ... 5 5. Sp. Gr. = 21 2 ... 220,
Dr Brewster.

It is found in crystals and crystalline coats, associated
with rhombohedral Lime-haloide, at Strontian in Argyll-
shire. It resembles particularly the prismatoidal and hemi-
prismatic Kouph one-spars, with which it has been formerly
confounded. Before the blowpipe it loses first its water
and becomes opake, then it froths and swells up, but is
difficultly fusible. It gives a skeleton of silica with salt of
phosphorus.

RROCHANTITE.
MALACHITE.

Brochantite. Levy. Ann. of Phil. Oct. 1824. p. 241.

Prismatic. Combination observed similar to Fig.
21. without z 9 and compressed between Pand P.
Inclination of o on o, adjacent = 150° 30' ; of M
on Jf, over the edge between o and o = 114° SO',
of d on d, adjacent = 63° 0'. Levy.

Cleavage, traces parallel to M. Surface, M black-
ish and dull, the remaining faces smooth and
shining.

Colour emerald-green. Transparent.
Hardness = 8-5 ... 4 0, nearly.

According to the experiments before the blowpipe, made
by Mr Children, it consists of sulphuric acid and oxide
of copper. On account of its insolubility in water, it is
either a salt with excess of base, or, as Mr Children sup-
poses, it contains some other substance, as silica or alumi-
na, beside the two above mentioned. It is found in small

VOL. ILL, f

1*11 Y S 1 0 G tt A PHY .

but well defined crystals on a reniforni variety of the hemi-
prismatio Habroneme-malaeliite, which itself covers octa-
hedral Copper-ore, in the Bank mine at Ekatherineburgh,
Siberia.

BROOKITE.
OHE.

Brookite. Levy. Ann. of Phil. Febr. 1825.

Prismatic. P = 135° 46', 101° 37, 94° 44'. Vol. L
Fig. 9. Levy.

a : b : c = 1 : V S* 23 ? : V 1149.

Simple forms. P— oo (p) ; P (e*) ; (Pr — I) 5

(b*) = 126° 31', 135° 41', 72° 0' ; (Pr + oo) 5
(m) = 100° 0' ; (} P — 2) 3 (t) = 124° 1 1', 149°

87, 65° W ; £ Pr (e*) = 7^ S6' ; Pr + 1
= 56° M ; Pr + oo (#') ; Pr — 1 (a 3 ) = 148°
,56' ; Pr (a') = 124° 5# ; Pr -f oo (*').
Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combination. 1. Pr — 1. Pr. (J P — 2) 3 .
(Pr— I) 5 . JPr. P. (Pr+co) 3 . Pr + cc.
Pr-f co. Snowdon. Fig. 11)0.

Lustre metallic adamantine. Colour hair-brown,
passing into a deep orange-yellow, and some red-
dish tints. Streak yellowish-white. Translu-
cent ... opake, the brighter colours are observed
by transmitted light.

Brittle. Hardness = 5 5 ... 6 0.

It contains titanium, bu t has not yet been analysed. The
first varieties were noticed by Mr Soret among the mi-
nerals accompanying pyramidal Titanium-ore froor Dau-

CALAITE

S3

phiny ; but much finer crystals, some of them half an inch
in diameter, hare lately been found at Snowdon in Wales.
In both places they are accompanied by rhombohedral
Quartz ; in Dauphiny, besides pyramidal Titanium-ore,
also by Crichtonite and Albite.

BUCKL AUDIT E.

Bucklandite* Levy. Ann. of Phil. Febr. 1824. p. 134.

Hemi-prismalic. Combination observed similar to
Fig. 16. only that the faces i*, contiguous to o 9
are larger than those marked P.

Inclination of the faces, according to Levy,
o on d = 103° 5C oon? s 121° 30'.
d on d — 70° 40'. o on </ = 99° 41'.
d onp = 125° 2C. o on P* = 95° 40'*

o on p = 114* 55'. d on P* = 160° 24'.

Cleavage not observable. Colour dark-brown, near-
ly black. Opake. It appears to be harder than
paratomous Augite-spar.

It was discovered in small crystals on a specimen from
Neskiel mine, near Arendal in Norway, where it occurs
with black hemi-prismatic Augite-spar, with pyramidal
Feld-spar, and with rhombohedral Lime-haloide. It re-
sembles paratomous Augite-spar.

CALAITE.
SPAR.

Calaite or Mineral Turquois. Jam. Syst. Vol. I. p*. 403.
Man. p. 318. Calaite. Phill. p. 79. Calaite. Fischer.
Essai sur la Turquoise. Moscow. 1816.

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture con-
choidal.

84

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Colour blue ... green, rather bright. Streak un-
coloured. Feebly translucent on the edges ...
opake.

Hardness = 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-830 . . . 3000, Fischer.

It is not dissolved by muriatic acid. Before the blow-
pipe- it becomes brown in the reducing flame, and gives a
green colour to it. It is infusible by itself, but very easily
with borax or salt of phosphorus. According to Berze-
lius, it consists of phosphate of alumina and lime, silica,
oxide of iron and copper, and a little water.

It is found in Persia, either in pebbles, or in small veins
traversing a kind of trap in its original repository. Cut
and polished, it is used for different ornamental purposes.

CHIASTOLITE.
SPAR.

Chiastolite. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 49. Man. p. 318. Chias-
tolite. Phill. p. 201.

Prismatic. P + a> = 91° 5C. Pr = 120°. Hauy.

Cleavage, P — od. P + oo. Pr. Pr-f-oc. Pr+oo,
all of them imperfect. Fracture imperfect con-
choidal, splintery. The crystals present a black
cross in their transverse section.

Lustre vitreous, indistinct. Colour white, grey.
Streak white. Translucent.

Hardness = 5*0 ... 5-5, if the mineral be not disin-
tegrated. Sp. Gr, = 2-944, Hauy.

Before the blowpipe the whitish, part of the crystals is
infusible, but assumes a purer white tint. It melts but
difficultly with either borax or salt of phosphorus. Accord-
ing to Berzelius, it is a compound of silica and alumina.

CHLOROPAL.

85

It occurs imbedded in clay-slate in a great number of
places, at St Jago di Compostella in Spain ; near Bareges
in the Pyrenees ; near Gefrees in the Bayreuth ; besides
in the Hartz, in Cumberland, in North America. It has
also been found upon the Simplon in dolomite.

CHILDRENITE.

Childrenite. Brooke. Brandes' Quarterly Journal,
Vol. XVI. p. 274.

Prismatic. P = 130° 20' , 102° 3<K, 97° 50'. Brooke.

a : b : c = 1 : V 2*448 : V

Simple forms. P — a> (/) ; § P (b) = 135° 56',
111 0 4^, 85° 3'. P (e) ; | Pr + 2 (a) = 55° 6' ;
P r + oo (P).

Cleavage, imperfect parallel to ?r -f oo. Fracture
uneven.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour yel-
lowish-white, wine-yellow, ochre-yellow, and pale
yellowish-brown. Streak white. Translucent.

Hardness = 4-5 ... 5 0.

Dr VVollaston found it to be a compound of phospho-
ric acid, alumina, and iron. It has been hitherto found
only in the~neighbourhood of Tavistock, disposed in single
crystals and crystalline coats on brachytypous Pafachrose-
baryte, hexahedral Iron-pyrites, and rhombohedral Quartz,
occasionally accompanied by rhombohedral Fluor-haloide.

CHLOROPAL.

Chloropal, Bernhardi and Brandes. Schweigger's
Journal. Chloropal. Phill. p. 378.

Massive : composition impalpable, earthy. Frac-
ture conchoidal, passing into earthy.

Colour pistachio-green. Opake, or scarcely trans-
lucent on the edges.

^6 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Fragile. Hardness between 3 0 and 4 0. Sp. Gr. =
2000, of a conchoidal variety; from 1-727 ...
1-870, the earthy

varieties.
It consists, according to Bhandes, of

Coiwhoidal var.

Earthy var.

Silica

46-00

4500.

Oxide of Iron

35*30

32-00.

Manganese

2-00

o-oo.

Alumina

1-00

Water

1300

2000.

Manganese

a trace

2-00.

Potash

a trace

a trace.

It is remarkable for a very singular magnetic property.
When taken from its original repositories, it breaks pretty
readily in a kind of parallelopipeds, the upper end and two
adjoining lateral edges having the opposite magnetic poles
from the other two edges and the lower end. It is not
phosphorescent.

It has been found accompanying uncleavab'.e Quartz
near Unghwar, in the county of the same name in Hun-
gary, and is often called Green Iron-Earth,

CHLOROFHAEITE.

Chloropbaeite. Macculloch. Western Isles. Vol. I. p.
504. Puill. p. 202.

Massive: in small grains, imbedded in basalt or
amygdaloid, and sometimes hollow. Fracture
conchoidal ... nearly earthy.

Colour pistachio-green and transparent, or opake ;
but soon turning into brown and black on being
exposed to the air, without losing its lustre,
which takes place also to the depth of an inch or
two into the rock.

( HONDilOJDITIv.

87

Brittle. Hardness, scratched by a quill. Sp. Gr.

Before the blowpi])e it remains nearly unchanged, alter-
ing neither colour nor transparency. Besides silica, it con-
tains iron and a little alumina. It occurs in Scuirmore
4-luTin the island of Hum, also in Fifeshire and in Iceland.

CHOXDRODITJE.
GEM.

Condrodite. Kau y. Traits', 2de Ed. T. II. p. 47G. Con-
drodite. Brucite. Maclureite. Fhill. p. 97-

Hemi-prismatic. ~. P + qd = 147° 48'. Pr -f co.

Hauv. Grains. ^

Pr • •

Cleavage, — = 67° 48', very indistinct ; also

Pr + oo. Pr -f- oo.

Lustre vitreous. Colour yellow ... brown. Trans-
parent ... translucent.

Hardness = 6-5. Sp. Gr. = 3199, of the variety
from Ersby.

It is very difficultly fusible before the blowpipe. It
loses its colour almost entirely, becomes opake, and shews
traces of fusion in its thinnest edges. The brown varieties
act upon the magnetic needle, particularly if the double
magnetism is employed. According to d'Oussok, it con-
sists of

Silica 38-00.
Magnesia 54-00.
Oxide of Iron 5-10.
Alumina 1*60.
Potash 0-8G.

86

1"H YSIOG&AFHY.

It occurs at Ersby in the parish of Pargas in Finland,
along with Pargasite (hemi-prismatic Augite-spar) imbed-
ded in rhombohedral Lime-haloide ; also near Newton in
Sussex county, New Jersey, along with Graphite-and curved
lamellar calcareous spar. Count d'Ohsson first described
the Chondrodite from Pargas. Dr Bruce discovered the
American variety, which was named Brucvtc after hira, by
Gibds. Seybert gave it the name of Maclureite.

COBALT-KIES,
PYRITES ?

Cobalt-Kies. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 289. Man. p. 270.
Sulphuret of Cobalt. Phill. p. 280.

Massive : composition granular . . . impalpable. In-
dividuals indistinctly cleavable. Fracture con-
choidal, uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour pale steel grey, tarnished
copper-red.

Semi-hard.

It emits a sulphureous odour before the blowpipe, and
after having been roasted, it communicates a blue colour
to glass of borax. It consists, according to Hisinger, of

Cobalt 43-20.

Copper 14*40.

Iron 3-53.

Sulphur 38-50.
It is found at Itiddarhyttan in Sweden, in beds in gneiss,
along with pyramidal Copper-py rites, and hemi-prismatic
Augite-spar.

COBALTIC GALENA OIL COBALT1C LEAD-GLANCE.

GLANCE.

Cobaltic Galena or Cobaltic Lead-Glance. Jam. Syst. Vol.
III. p. 308.

COMPTONITE.

89

Very small, moss-like, grouped crystals ; massive :
composition granular. Individuals cleavable.

Colour lead-grey, inclining to blue. Lustre metal-
lic, splendent (in the interior), shining. Opake.

Soft, sectile. Soils a little. Sp. Gr. = 8 444,
Bauersachs.

This mineral has been formerly confounded with hexa-
hedral Lead-glance. It is very probable that when better
known, it will be found to belong to the same genus.

Before the blowpipe it shews nearly the same phenome-
na as hexahedral Lead-glance ; the only variety hitherto
known communicates a smalt blue colour to glass of borax.
It consists, according to Du Menil, of

Lead 62-89.

Arsenic 22«47»

Sulphur 0*47.

Iron 2-11.

Cobalt 0*94.

Arsenical Pyrites 1 *44.
The loss of 9*76 is attributed to intermixed rhombohedral
Lime-haloide. The contents of lead and of arsenic are
very nearly in the proportion of 73*34 : 26*66, correspond-
ing to Berzelius' formula Pb As.

It has hitherto been found only in the level of St George
near Clausthal in the Hartz, in a vein of clay-slate and
brown-spar, traversing grey wacke. It was first described
by Messrs Bauersachs and Du Menil.

COMPTONITE.

KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Comptonite. Brewster. Edin. Phil. Journ. Vol. IV. p.
131. Brooke. Ibid. Vol. VI. p. 112. Phill. p. 201.

Prismatic. Combination observed nearly similar
to Fig. 25., without o. Inclination of i on i =

VOL. III.

90

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

1 77° 35', of s on s (over M) = 91°, Brooke ;

= 93° 45' nearly, Brewster.
Cleavage, parallel to T and M> the first a little

more distinct ; also parallel to s. Fracture small

conchoidal, uneven. Surface s striated parallel

to the edges of combination with M and T; the

remaining faces smooth.
Lustre vitreous. Colour white. Streak white.

Transparent ...semi-transparent.
Hardness = 5 0... 5-5.

Beiore the blowpipe it gives nearly the same results as
other species of the genus Kouphone-spar. It first gives
off water, intuinesces a little, and becomes opake, then it
melts imperfectly into a vesicular glass. The globule ob-
tained with borax is transparent, but vesicular ; that with
salt of phosphorus contains a skeleton of silica, and becomes
opake on cooling. With a little soda it melts imperfectly,
but with a larger quantity it becomes infusible. The glass
with solution of cobalt is dirty blueish-grey. According to
Dr Brewster, it forms a gelatine if exposed in the state of
powder to the action of nitric acid.

It occurs in the cavities of an amygdaloidal rock, along
with paratomous Kouphone-spar, and has been hitherto
found only at Mount Vesuvius. The name of Comptonite,
given to this species by Dr Brewster, was proposed by
Mr Allan.

CItOMSTEDTIXE.

Cronstedtit. Steinmann. Schweigger's Journal. Neue
Reihe. T. I £. S. 69. Cronstedtite. Phill. p. 227.

Rhombohedral. R — qd. R + oo. Reniform, mas-
sive : composition columnar.
Cleavage, R — oo perfect ; R -h oc imperfect.

CUrRKOUS BISMUTH.

91

Lustre vitreous. Colour brownish-black. Streak

dark leek-green. Opake.
Thin lamina? are elastic. Hardness = £5 (nearly).

Sp. Gr. = 3-348, Steinmann.

Before the blowpipe it froths a little without melting :
with borax it yields a black opake and hard bead. Reduced
to powder, it gelatinises in concentrated muriatic acid. It
consists, according to Steinmann, of

Silica 22-452.

Oxide of Iron 58*853.

Oxide of Manganese 2*885.

Magnesia 5*078.

Water 10*700.
It occurs at Przibram in Bohemia, in veins containing
silver-ores, along with prismatic Iron-ore, brachytypous
Parachrose-baryte, prismatic Iron-pyrites, and rhombohe-
dral Lime-haloide. It has also been found at Wheal Maud-
lin in Cornwall.

CUPREOUS BISMUTH.
GLAXCE ?

Cupreous Bismuth or Cupriferous Sulphuretted Bismuth.
Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 386. Cupriferous Sulphuret
of Bismuth. Phill. p. 274.

Massive: composition columnar, impalpable. Frac-
ture uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour pale lead-grey, passing
into steel-grey and tin-white ; subject to tarnish.
Streak black. Opake.

Sectile. Soft.

It is partly soluble in nitric acid, leaving the sulphur
undissolved. According to Klafkoth, it consists of

Bismuth 47*24.

Copper 34-GG.

Sulphur 12-58.
It occurs in the principality of Furstenberg, in cobalt- veins,

92 •

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

along with octahedral Bismuth, pyramidal Copper-pyrites,
&c.

CUPREOUS MANGANESE.

Cupreous Manganese. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 558.

Small reniform and botryoidal groupes, massive.
Composition impalpable. Fracture imperfect
conchoidal.

Lustre resinous. Colour blueish-black. Streak

unchanged. Opake.
Not particularly brittle. Intermediate between

semi-hard and soft. Sp. Gr. = S-197 ... 3-216,

Breithaupt.

Before the blowpipe it becomes brown, but is infusible.
To borax and salt of phosphorus it communicates the co-
lours of copper and manganese. It consists, according to

L.AMPADIUS, of

Black Oxide of Manganese 82*00.

Brown Oxide of Copper 13'50.

Silica 2*00.
Berzelius found it to contain a considerable quantity of
water.

It occurs in the tin mines at Schlaggenwald in Bohemia,
and wa9 first distinguished by Messrs Breithaupt and
Lampadiu s.

DIASPORE.

SPAR.

Diaspore. Jam. Man. p. 322. Diaspore. Phill. p. 78.
Diaspore. Hauy. Traite, lere Ed. T. IV. p. 358.

Prismatic * Cleavage P + oo = 130° (nearly).
More distinctly Pr -f- oo.

» Mr Phillips mentions a doublv oblique prism, a tetarto-
prismatic form, Sim. Fig. 82. Incidence of M ort T = 64° 54',
of P on T = 101° 20', of P on M = 108° 30'. H.

EI-AOLITE. 93

Lustre vitreous ; that of £>r 4- or> is pearly. Co-
lour greenish-grey. Translucent on the edges.
Scratches glass. Hauy. Sp. Gr. = 34324. Hauy.

Before the blowpipe it decrepitates most violently, and
splits into many small scaly particles, possessing a feeble
alcaline reaction. According to Vauquelin and Chil-
dren, it consists of

Alumina 80 00 76 06.

Protoxide of Iron 3-00 7 78.
Water 17*30 14-70.

Behzelius is of opinion that, besides these, it also con-
tains some alcaline substance.
Its locality is unknown.

ELAOLITE.
SPAR.

Elaolite. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 41. Man. p. 322. Fett-
stein. Phill. p. 136.

Prismatic. Cleavage, P — co. P r -f co. Less
distinct P + <x> . = 1 18°. Phill. Massive. Frac-
ture conchoidal.

Lustre resinous. Colour duck-blue, passing into
blue and green, or brick-red passing into grey
and brown. Translucent. If cut, several va-
rieties become opalescent.

Hardness = 5-5 ... 6 0. Sp. Gr. = 2-546 ... 2-618,
Hoffmann.

Before the blowpipe it melts into a white enamel. Re-
duced to powder, it forms a copious gelatine with acids.
According to KLArnoTH, it consists of

Silica 46-50.
Alumina 30-25.

91

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

X.imfc a*75.

Potash 1800.

Oxide of Iron TOO.

Water 2*00.
It occurs near Laurvig, S tavern, and Frederiksvarn in
Norway, imbedded in Syenite along with prismatic Tita-
nium-ore and pyramidal Zircon.

EUCAIKITE.
GLANCE.

Cuivre sele'nie' argental. Haut. Traite\ 2de Ed. T. III.
p. 470. Seleniuret of Silver and Copper. Phill. p.
204. Eucairite. Berzelius.

Massive : composition granular. Cleavable.
Lustre metallic. Colour lead-grey. Streak shin-
ing. Opake.
Soft.

Before the blowpipe it melts easily, and emits the odour
of selenium. It is soluble in boiling nitric acid. Compo-
nent parts, according to Berzelius,

Silver 30-93.

Copper 23*05.

Selenium 26 00.

Foreign substances 8*90.
It has been found only at Skrikerum mine' in the parish of
Try serum in Smaland in Sweden, in a talcose or serpen-
tine-like rock, accompanied by rhonibohedral Lime-haloide.

EUCHROITE.
EMERALD-MALACHITE.

Euchroite. Haidinger. Edinb. Journ. of Science. Vol.
II. p. 133. Dr Turner. Ibid. p. 301.

Prismatic. P = 119° 7', 81° 47, 120° 54'. Vol.
I. Fig. 7. Ar.

EUCKROITE.

95

a : b : c = 1 : V 0-020 : V 0-344.

Simple forms. P — oo (P) ; P + cd (M ) = 1 17°
20' ; (Pr + oo) 5 (s) = 95° 12' ; (£r + cc) 3 (i)
= 78° 47 ; Pr («) = 87° 52' ; Pr + co (A;).

Combinations. 1. P— oo. ?r. P 4- cd. (?r+ oo) 5 .
2. P — oo. Pr. P-f go. (Pr+cc) 5 . (Pr -f- oo) 5 .

Pr + oo. Fig. 192.
Cleavage, indistinct, parallel to n and m 9 interrupt-
ed. Fracture small conchoidal, uneven. Sur-
face the vertical prisms striated, parallel to their
common edges of combination, P — oo often
rounded.

Lustre vitreous. Colour bright emerald-green.
Streak pale apple-green. Double refraction con-
siderable. Transparent, translucent.

Rather brittle. Hardness — #*5 ... Sp. Gr.

= 3-389.

According to Br Turner, it consi<t3 of

Peroxide of Copper 47*05.

Arsenic Acid 33 02.

Water 1080.
In the matrass it loses its water, and becomes yellowish-
green and friable. When heated to a certain point upon
charcoal, it is reduced in an instant with a kind of deflagra-
tion, leavirg a globule of malleable copper, with white
metallic particles dispersed throughout it, which are entirely
volatile at a continued blast.

It was discovered at Libethen in Hungary, in quartzose
mica slate, and brought to London, under the name of
EnchroHc* It will enter the genus Emerald-malachite of
Mens, under the name of the prismatic Emerald-malachite.

9(5

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

EUDIALYTE.

SPAR.

Eudialyte. Jam. Man. p. 322. Eudyaiite; Phill. p. 122.

Fundamental form. Rhombohedron. R = 73°
M * Vol I. Fig. 7. Weiss.

a = V 13-5.

Simple forms. R — oo (o) ; R — 2 (z) = 126°
13'; R _ 1 = 84° 16'; R (P) ; R + qd (c) ;
P -f a> (t*).

Char, of Comb. Rhombohcdrai.

Comb. 1. R — oo. R — 2. R. P + oo. Fig. 125.
2. R — oo. R — 2. R. R + co. P + oo.

Cleavage, R — oo distinct ; R — 2 less distinct ;
R and P + oo traces, not always observable.
Fracture conchoidal or uneven.

Surface smooth, but often rather uneven ; of near-
ly the same description in alt the forms.

Lustre vitreous. Colour brownish-red. Streak
white. Translucent on the edges ... opake.

Hardness = 5-0 ... 5*5. Sp. Gr. = 3-898.

Before the blowpipe it melts into a leek-green scoria. If
reduced to powder, it gelatinises with acids. According to
Stromeyer, it consists of

Silica 5200.

Zirconia 10-09.

Lime 1014.

Soda 13-92.

Oxide of Iron 6*35.

Oxide of Manganese 2-57.

Muriatic Acid 1-03.

• This angle has been found bv Mr Le'vy = 73° 40'. Edinb.
Phil. Journ. Vol. XII. p. 81. H.

FAHLUNITE

97

It is found in Greenland mixed with dodecahedral
Kouphone-spar, hemi-prismatic Augite-spar, and a moun-
tain-green variety of prismatic Feld-spar. It was first de-
scribed as a particular species by Professor Stromeyer.

FAHLUNITE*

Triclasite. Hauy. Traits, 2de Ed. T. III. p. 140. Fah-
lunite. Tricklasite. Phill. p. 56. Fahlunite. Hi-

S1NOEH.

Hemi-prismatic. P + oo = 109° 28'. Hauy. Re-
niform, massive. Cleavage, Pr = 78° 28'. P-f oo.
Fracture conchoidal ... uneven, splintery.

Lustre vitreous. Colour olive-green and oil-green,
passing into yellow, brown, and black. Streak
greyish-white. Feebly translucent on the edges
... opake.

Scratches glass, Hauy. Sp. Gr. = 2 61 ... 2-66,

HlSINGER.

Before the blowpipe it becomes pale grey, and melts in
its thinnest edges. It is but slowly dissolved in glass of bo-
rax, and communicates to it the colour produced by oxide
of iron. In consists, according to Hisinger, of

Silica 46-79.

Alumina 26-73.

Magnesia 2*97.

Protoxide of Iron 5*01.

Oxide of Manganese 0*43.

Water 13-50.
It occurs at Fahlun in Sweden, in a talcose or chloritic slate,
along with hexahedral Lead-glance, pyramidal Copper-py-
rites, &c. It was described by Hisinger under the name of
Fahlunite. It is doubtful, whether the forms and hardness
given on the authority of Hau y, refer to the same substance.

VOL. III. c.

98 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

FERGUSONITE.
ORE.

Fergusonite. Haidingeiu Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb.
Vol X. Part 2d, p. 271, Allanite (in part). Phu.l.
p. 264.

Pyramidal. Fundamental form. Isosceles four-
sided pyramid. P = 100° 28', 128° 27'. Vol. I.
Fig. 8. Ap.

a =

/p 1)5

Simple forms. P — oo (i); P ($); ± - — — (z)

angle at the base = 159° 2' ; ^"X
Char, of Comb. Hemi-pyramidal, with parallel faces.

[Yp J. 00)51

Combinations. 1. P — oo. ±A — Z LJ.

% p a. p. KL+ °°) ff ]. Fig. 110.

S. P-oo. P. &=M. [(L±^!l Fig.l9S.

Cleavage, traces parallel to P. Fracture perfect
conchoidal. Surface rather uneven.

Lustre imperfect metallic, inclining to resinous.
Colour dark brownish-black, in thin splinters
pale. Streak very pale brown, like peritomous
Titanium-ore. Opake, in thin splinters translu-
cent.

Brittle. Hardness = 5-5 . . . 6 0. Sp. Gr. = 5-838,
Allan ; = 5*800, Turner. Not magnetic.

It loses its colour before the blowpipe, and becomes pale
greenish-yellow, but is alone infusible. It is entirely

FIBItOLITE.

99

dissolved in salt of phosphorus, but some particles remain
a long time unaltered. The pale greenish globule becomes
opake by flaming, or on cooling, when very much saturated.
Before the whole portion has been dissolved, it assumes a
pale rose colour in the reducing flame. It has been consi-
dered as an Yttro-tantalite, which is not contradicted by
the experiments before the blowpipe. It is described un-
der that denomination in the German original of the pre-
sent work.

It is found imbedded in rhombohedral Quartz at Kiker-
taursak near Cape Farewell in Greenland. The specimens
to which the preceding description refers are in the cabinet
of Mr Allan, who proposed the name of Fergusonite.

FIBItOLITE.

Fibrolite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 535. Man. p. 322. Fi-
brolite. Phill. p. 80.

Prismatic. P + oo = 100° (nearly). Cleavage
P -f- qd, imperfect. Fracture conchoidal. Mas-
sive : composition columnar.

Colour white, grey, inclining to green.

Harder than quartz, Bournon. Sp. Gr. = 3-214^
Bournon.

It is infusible before the blowpipe. If rubbed it emits
a dark red phosphoric light. According to Chenevix, it
consists of

Silica 33-00.

Alumina 58*25.

Oxide of Iron 0*75.
It occurs in the Carnatic, and likewise in China, along
with rhombohedral Corundum. It was described by Count
Bournon.

100

PHYSIOGRArHY.

FIGURESTONE OR AGALMATOLITE.

Figurestone or Agalmatolite. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 261.
Man. p. 126. Agalmatolite. Phill. p. 119.

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture coarse

splintery, imperfectly slaty.
Colour white, grey, green, yellow, red, and brown,

none of them bright. Acquires some lustre in

the streak. Translucent, in most cases only

on the edges.
Nearly sectile. Soft. Sp. Gr. =: £-815, Kxaproth.

Before the blowpipe it is infusible, but becomes white.
It is partly soluble in sulphuric acid, leaving a siliceous re-
sidue. It consists, according to Klaproth, of

Silica 54*50.

Alumina 34*00.

Potash 6-25.

Oxide of Iron 075-

Water 4-00.
It is brought from China. Less characteristic varieties
have been found also in Transylvania and in Saxony. It
is cut into figures and different ornaments.

FLU ATE OF CERIUM.

Fluate of Cerium. Berzelius. On the Blowpipe, transl.
by J. G. Children, p. 209. Phill. p. 266.

i. Neutral Fluate.

Six- sided prisms, plates and amorphous masses.

Colour reddish.

It has been found by Berzelius to consist of 30-43
fluate of protoxide of cerium, and 68 00 fluate of peroxide
of cerium, with a trace of yttria. Heated in the matrass
or the glass tube, it corrodes the gluss ; alone it does not

FLUELLITE.

101

fuse, but its colour changes to brown ; with borax and salt
of phosphorus it gives a red or orange coloured globule,
which becomes pale on cooling. It occurs at Finbo and
Broddbo near Fahlun, imbedded in Albite, rhombohedral
Quartz, &c.

ii. Fluate tenth excess of base.

Traces of crystalline structure. Colour yellow.

It resembles porcelain jasper. It contains twice as much
of the oxides of cerium as the preceding substance. It also
comports itself much like it before the blowpipe. If heated
alone on charcoal, its colour turns black at an incipient red-
ness, but it assumes, on cooling, successively dark brown,
red, and orange tints. It is found at Finbo.

iii. Fluate of Cerium.

Not described.

It has not been analysed, but presents nearly the same
characters before the blowpipe as the preceding substance,
except that in the matrass it does not give off so much
water/ and that its colour turns brown.

iv. Fluate of Yttria and Cerium.

Earthy, found in masses seldom exceeding the size
of a pea. Colour pale red, sometimes deep red,
yellow, or white. Easily scratched by the nail.

According to Berzelius, it is a mechanical mixture of
fluate of yttria with fluate of cerium and silica. It gives
nearly the same reactions as the Neutral Fluate i.

FLUELLITE.
HALOIDE ?

Fluellite of Wollaston. Levy. Ann. of Phil. Oct. 1824.
p. 241.

Prismatic. P = 109°, 82°, 144°. Vol. I. Fig. 9.
Transverse section = 105° (nearly). Wollaston.

103

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Colour white. Transparent. Index of refraction
= 1-47 (that of the Wavellite being = 1-52),

WoLL ASTON.

It occurs in minute crystals affecting the form of the
fundamental pyramid, with its most acute solid angle re-
placed, along with the Wavellite from Cornwall, and was
discovered by Levy, but named and examined by Wol-
1-aston, who found it to contain alumina and fluoric acid.

FORSTERITE.

GEM.

Forsterite. Levy. Ann. of Phil. XXXVII. p. 61.

Prismatic. Combination observed similar to Fig. 9S,
without z and P. Inclination of M on M =
128° 54'; of y on y (over U) = 107° 48'; y on
y (adjacent) = 139° 14'.

Cleavage easy parallel to o.

Colourless, brilliant, translucent.

Hard enough to scratch quartz.

It contains, according to Mr Children, silica and mag-
nesia. It was discovered by Mr Levy in small crystals,
accompanying pleonaste and olive-green pyroxene on Mount
Vesuvius. The angles of this substance agree pretty nearly
with those of prismatic Corundum, given Vol. II. p. 304.,
in the same succession = 128° 35', 107° 29', and 139° 53',
only the face perpendicular to the axis, which in Forsterite
has even an easy cleavage parallel to it, has not yet been
observed in prismatic Corundum.

GEHLENITE.
SPAR.

Gehlenite. Jam. Syst. Vol. I. p. 138. and Vol. III. p. 530*.
Man. p. 323. Gehlenite. Phili. p. 35.

GIBBSITE.

103

Pyramidal or prismatic. P — go. P -f- go or
P — oo. Pr + oo. Pr -f go. Cleavage, P — oo
distinct, the other faces imperfect.

Lustre resinous, inclining to vitreous. Colour dif-
ferent shades of grey, none of them bright.
Opake. Sometimes faintly translucent on the
edges.

Brittle. Hardness = 5 5... 6 0. Sp. Gr. = 3 029.

It is difficultly fusible before the blowpipe, and only in
thin splinters. Also in borax it is very slowly dissolved.
It gelatinises in heated muriatic acid. It consists, accord-
ing to Fuchs, of

Alumina 24-80.

Silica 29-G4.

Lime 35-30. '

Oxide of Iron 6-56.

"Water 3-30.
It has been found on Mount Monzoni, in the valley of
Fassa in the Tyrol, along with rhombohedral Liine-haloide.
It was described by Professor Fuchs.

GIBBSITE.

Gibbsite. Torrev. New York Medical and Physical
Journal. No. I. p. 63.

Irregular stalactites, tuberose masses.
Structure fibrous, the fibres radiating from the
centre.

Lustre faint. Colour dirty greenish- or greyish-
white. Slightly translucent.

Hardness a little above 3*0, but easily reduced to
powder. Sp. Gr. = 2400.

It yielded to Torrey, alumina 64-8, and water 34«7. It
whitens before the blowpipe, but is infusible. Its locality

104? PHYSIOGRAPHY.

is Richmond in Massachusetts, North America, where it
is found along with prismatic Iron-ore.

GIESECKITE.

Gieseckite. Jam. Man. p. 323. Gieseckite. Phill.
p. 113.

Rhombohedral. R — oo. R + oo. Cleavage
not perceptible. Fracture uneven, splintery.

Lustre resinous, faint. Colour olive-green, grey,
brown. Streak uncoloured. Feebly translucent
on the edges ... opake.

Hardness = 2-5 ... 3 0. Sp. Gr. = 2-832.

According to Stromeyer, it consists of
Silica 46-07-
Alumina 33-82.
Magnesia 1*20.
Black Oxide of Iron 3-35.
Oxide of Manganese 1-15.
Potash 6-20.
Water 4-88.
It occurs in Greenland, with prismatic Feid-spar. It was
first described by Mr Sowerby.

GMELINITK.
KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Sarcolite. Vauquelin. Ann. du Mus. IX. 249. XL 42.
Var. of Analeime. Hauy. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III.
p. 177. Hydrolite. Be Dree. Muse'e. p. 18. Gmeli-
nite. Brewster. Edin. Journ. of Science. VoL II. p. 262.

Rhombohedral. Combination P — oo. P. P + oo,
similar to Fig. 196. Angles approaching to
those of rhombohedral Kouphone-spar, which are
for the isosceles pyramid = 145° 54', 71° 48'.
The inclination of y on y\ Dr Brewster found
to be = 83° 36'.

GMELIN1TE.

105

Cleavage distinct, parallel to R. Fracture uneven.
Surface streaked, the prism in a horizontal direc-
tion, the isosceles pyramid parallel to the edges
of combination with R ; K — <x> rough, Uut even.

Lustre vitreous. Colour white passing into flesh-
red. Streak white. Translucent.

Hardness = 4*5. Sp. Gr. = 2 05, Brewsteb.

The Sarcolite of Vauquelin, which is quite different
from the Sarcolite of Thomson, is the same mineral to
which De Dree has given the name of Kydrolite, and has
no connexion with the Analcime, as was supposed by
Haut. The low degrees of hardness already remarked by
Vauquelin, and the form discovered by Leman in the
varieties from the Vicentine, prove incontestibly that this
mineral agrees more nearly with the rhombohedral Kou-
phone-spar. The variety represented in Fig. 196 is of a
white colour, and marked with strize, shewing indications
of a regular composition according to the same law which
so frequently occurs in other varieties of that mineral, and
in Levyne. It was found by Mr Allan in the little deer
park of Glenarm, county of Antrim, Ireland, and mentioned
in his Synonymcs; it was recognised by Leman as a variety
of the Hydrolite from the Vicentine. Two analyses of
the varieties from Vicenza and Castel yielded to Yau-
quelin,

Silica

50-00

50-00.

Alumina 20*00

20-00.

Lime

4*50

4-25.

Soda

4-50

4*2$.

Water

21*00

2000.

Dr Brewster found that Gmelinite possesses the proper-
ty of flying off in numerous scales when held in the flame
of a candle, and that its refractive power is lower than
that of rhombohedral Kouphone-spar, the index being only
1-474. Both in the Vicentine and in Ireland it occurs in
the cavities of amygdaloidal rocks.

106 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

GllEEN IRON-EARTH.
r

Grime Eisenerde. Wern. Hoffm. H. B. III. 2. S. 304.

Iieniform, botryoidal, globular. Surface smooth
and sinning. Composition very thin columnar,
impalpable, also curved lamellar. Massive : com-
position impalpable. Fracture even ... uneven.
Sometimes in the state of powder.

Lustre resinous. The impalpable particles dull.
Colours siskin-green, passing into black and yel-
low. Streak yellowish-grey.

Brittle. Semi-hard. Not particularly heavy.

It becomes brown and black before the blowpipe, but
does not melt. It is said to colour glass of borax red. It
is not dissolved in nitric acid. Both the friable and the
massive varieties have been found at Schneeberg in Saxony,
and in the Hollerter Zug in the county of Sayn.

HATCIIETINE.

Hatchetine. J. J. Conybeare. Ann. of Phil. Vol. I. p. 136.
Phill. p. 374.

In the shape of flakes like spermaceti, or of granu-
lar masses, like bces^ wax.

Lustre slightly glistening and pearly, and of consi-
derable degrees of transparency, when in flakes,
else dull and opake. Colour yellowish-white,
wax- yellow, and greenish-yellow.

Hardness, like soft tallow. Very light. Without
odour or elasticity.

It melts below the boiling point of water. Ether dis-
solves it readily ; being evaporated, the solution leaves a
viscid oily inodorous matter. Distilled over the spirit-lamp,
it gives a bituminous smell, a greenish-yellow butyraceous
substance is disengaged, and a coaly residue remains in the

HAUVNE.

107

retort. At a lower temperature a- light oil is distilled. It
occurs in small contemporaneous veins with rhombohe-
dral Quartz, rhotnbohedral Lime-haloide, and Iron-ores, at
Merthyr Tydvil in South Wales. It has been described
by Mr Brande under the denomination of Mineral Adlpo-
cire.

The description of Hatch etine agrees very nearly with
the following one given of Mountain Tallow, in Vol. XI.
of the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal.

Mountain Tallow has the colour and feel of tallow, and
is tasteless ; its specific gravity is = 0 6078 in its natural
state, but it is increased by melting it to 0 933, the air
bubbles being driven off. It melts at 118°, and boils at
290° ; when melted it is transparent and colourless, but be-
comes opake and white on cooling. It is insoluble in wa-
ter, but is dissolved by alcohol, oil of turpentine, olive-oil,
and naphtha, when hot, but is precipitated when they cool.
It does not form soap with alcaline substances, but is
combustible. It has been found in a bog on the borders
of Loch Fyne, and has been formerly noticed on the coast
of Finland ; in one of the Swedish lakes ; near Strasburg;
and by Professor Jameson in Scotland.

HAUYNE.
SPAR*

Hauyne. Jam. Syst. Vol. I. p. 394. Hail. p. 323.
Haiiyne. Phill. p. 111.

Tessular. Crystallised in dodecahedrons. Grains.
Cleavage dodecahedron, not very distinct. Frac-
ture uneven.

Lustre vitreous. Colour blue, commonly bright,
verging to green, white. Streak white. Trans-
parent translucent.

Scratches glass easily. Hauy. Sp. Gr. = 2-687,
L. Gmelin; = 3 333, Gismondi.

108

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Before the blowpipe it melts into a vesicular glass, and
loses its colour. It effervesces if melted with glass of bo-
rax, and forms a transparent globule, which becomes yel-
low on cooling. According to L. Gmelin, it consists of

Silica 35-48.

Alumina 18-87.

Lime 12-00.

Sulphuric Acid 12-39.

Potash 15-45.

Oxide of Iron 1*16.

Water 1*20.

It occurs at Albano and Frascati near Rome, among the
products of Vesuvius. Also in the neighbourhood of the
Puy de Dome, on the lake of Laach, in the quarries of
Niedermennich, and in several other places near Ander-
nach, partly imbedded in pumice.

HTSINGERITE.

Hisingrit. Berzelius. Afhandl. i Fysik, &c III. S.
304. Hishigerite. Phill. p. 204*

Massive. Cleavage distinct in only one direction.

Fracture earthy.
Colour black. Streak greenish-grey.
Sectile. Soft. Sp. Gr. = 8 045.

If gently heated before the blowpipe, it becomes magne-
tic ; in a stronger heat it melts into a dull opake black
globule, and yields a yellowish-green glass with borax. It
consists, according to Berzelius, of

Oxide of Iron 51*50.

Silica 27-50.

Alumina 6*50.

Oxide of Manganese 0-77-

Volatile substance 11*75.

Magnesia a trace.

It has been found in the parish of Svarta in Suderman.
land, intermixed with rhombohedral Iime-haloide.

HOrEITK.

100

HOPEITE.
HALOIDE.

Hopeite. Brewster. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. Vol. X.
p. 107.

Prismatic. P = 139° 41', 107° 2', 86° 49'. Vol.
I. Fig. 9. Ap.

a : b i c 1 : J 4443 : V 1**03.

Simple forms. P — 00(g); P (P); (Pr + oo) 5
(s) = 81° 34' ; Pr (M) = 101° 24'; Pr + oo (/) ;
Pr + cc (p).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combination. P — od. Pr. P. (Pr -f od) 3 .
f r + oo. Pr + x. Fig. 29.

Cleavage, Pr + oo perfect, less distinct Pr -f <x>.
Surface, Pr -f qd deeply streaked in a longitudi-
nal direction, the rest of the faces smooth.

Lustre vitreous, pearly upon Pr + od. Colour
greyish-white. Streak white. Transparent ...
translucent. Refraction double; two axes, the
principal one perpendicular to the axis of P and
to the face I ; angle of the resultant axes about
48°, in the plane of P — go (g), contiguous to
the obtuse lateral solid angle of P. Index of
ordinary refraction nearly 1601.

Sectile. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3*0. Sp. Gr. = 2*76,
Brewster, of a perfect crystal

Hopeite had been formerly considered as a variety of
Stilbite. According to Nordenskiold, it gives off its
water before the blowpipe, and then melts easily into a clear
colourless globule, which tinges the flame green. It gives
no skeleton of silica with salt of phosphorus, with which it

110

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

melts in all proportions. If much of the mineral is added,
the globule turns opake on cooling, but does not deposit
any fumes of zinc on the charcoal. The globule obtained
from fusing it with borax does not become opake on cool-
ing. With soda it gives a scoria, which is yellow when
hot ; copious fumes of zinc, and nearest the scoria also some
of cadmium are deposited. The melted mineral forms a
fine blue glass with solution of cobalt. Hopeite seems
therefore to be a compound of some of the stronger acids,
as phosphoric or boracic acid, of zinc, an earthy base, a little
cadmium, and a great deal of water.

It has been hitherto found only in the calamine mines of
Altenberg near Aix-la-Chapelle, and is very rare.

HUMBOLDTINE.

Humboldtine. Mariano de Rivero. Ann. de Chimie.

Crystals belonging to the pyramidal system, accord*

ing to Hauy ; massive plates.
Colour bright yellow.

Soft, yielding to the nail. Sp. Gr. =- 1*3.
Acquires resinous electricity by friction.
According to Rivero, it consists of

Protoxide of Iron 53*56.
Oxalic Acid 46-14.
On ignited charcoal it is decomposed, giving out a vege-
table odour, while the colour of the remaining oxide of
iron is changed into different shades of yellow, then black,
and at last red. It is insoluble in water and alcohol. It
occurs imbedded in moor-coal, near Bilin in Bohemia, and
is supposed by Rivero to have been produced from the
decomposition of succulent plants.

HUMITE.

Humite. Bourn on. Cat. p. 52. PniLL. p. 205.

Form prismatjc, according to Phillips ; combine

HYALOS IDE RITE

111

tions somewhat resembling Fig. 28. and 38., with
numerous pyramids and prisms between the six-
sided terminal face and the six-sided prism, which
has two angles of 129° 40' and four of 115° 10\
There occurs frequently regular composition, as
in prismatic Lime-haloide, parallel to the faces of
a rhombic prism.

Cleavage, traces parallel to the six-sided face.
Fracture imperfect conchoidal.

Lustre vitreous. Colour various shades of yellow,
sometimes almost white, passing into reddish-
brown. Transparent ...translucent.

Brittle. Hardness = 6 5 ... 7 0.

It occurs on Monte Somma, with mica and various other
minerals. Alone before the blowpipe it becomes opake on
the outside, but is infusible. It gives a clear glass with
borax.

HYALOSIJDERITE.

Hyalosiderit. Walchner. Schweiggers Neues Journal.
Vol. IX. p. 65. Edin. Joura. of Science. VoL I*
p. 184.

Prismatic. Combination similar to Fig. 9. Incli-
nation of M on M' adjacent, 77° 50', of P on P',
adjacent, 99° 22'.

Cleavage indistinct parallel to h. Fracture small
conchoidal. Surface tarnished brass-yellow, or
gold-yellow.

Lustre vitreous, on the surface metallic. Colour
reddish- or yellowish-brown. Streak of a cinna-

1 1 2 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

mon colour. Translucent on the edges, hya-
cinth-red or wine-yellow.
Hardness = 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 2-875.

It consists, according to Dr Walchner, of

Silica 31-634.

Protoxide of Iron 29*7 1 1 .

Magnesia 32-403.

Alumina 2-211.
Oxide of Manganese 0*480.

Potash 2-788.

Chrome a trace.

Before the blowpipe it becomes first black and magnetic,
and then melts into a black magnetic globule. It was found
imbedded in a brown basaltic amygdaloid in the Kaiser-
stuhl near Sasbach in Brisgaw, accompanied by paratomous
Augite-spar, &c. The mixture of iron-slags and of pris-
matic Chrysolite are very analogous to that of Hyaloside-
rite, and the latter is therefore considered by Mitscher-
Licn as a peridot, in the chemical sense of the word,
meaning a silicate of protoxide of iron, or of the isomor-
phous bases of protoxide of manganese, magnesia, &c.
having the same prismatic form. Hardness and specific
gravity are given lower than would be necessary for unit-
ing Hyalosiderite with the natural-historical species of pris-
matic Chrysolite.

HYDRATE OF MAGNESIA.
MICA.

Native Hydrate of Magnesia. Brewster. Trans. Roy.
Soc. Edin. Vol. IX. p. 239. Native Magnesia. Jam.
Syst. Vol. II. p. 279. Man. p. 408. Hydrate of Mag-
nesia. Phill. p. 95.

Rhombohedral. Low six-sided prisms, rare.* Mas-

• A fine specimen of this variety is in the possession of Dr
Anderson of Leith. H.

INDIANITE. 113

sive : composition lamellar, broad columnar, the
latter sometimes stellular.
Cleavage, R — oo perfect.

Lustre pearly upon the perfect faces of cleavage.
Colour white, inclining to green. Streak white.
Translucent, sometimes only on the edges. Some
varieties lose their transparency on being ex-
posed to the open air.

Sectile. Thin laminae flexible. Hardness = 10 ...
1*5, Sp. Gr. = 2*350, the variety from Unst.

Before the blowpipe it loses in transparency and weight,
and becomes friable. In acids it is dissolved without ef-
fervescence, and consists, according to Drs Bruce and
Fyfe, of

Magnesia 70-00 09-70.
Water 3000 30-25.
It occurs at Hobolcen in New Jersey, in small veins in
serpentine ; also at Swinaness in Unst, one of the Shetland
isles, under similar circumstances. In the latter place it
is frequently associated with a white variety of rhombohe-
dral Lime-haloide.

INDIANITE.
SPAR.

Indianite. Bouenon. Phil. Trans. Y. 1802. II. p. 233.
Indianite. Phill. p. 44.

Grains. Cleavage in two directions, forming an

angle of 95° 15', Brooke.
Colour greenish-white. Translucent.
Scratches glass. Sp. Gr. = 2-74, Botjrnon.

VOL. III. H

114

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

It is infusible before the blowpipe. If digested in acids,
it becomes friable and gelatinous. It consists, according
to Cheney ix, of

Silica 42-50.

Alumina 37*50.

Lime 15*00.

Oxide of Iron 3-00.
and a trace of Oxide of Manganese.

It occurs in the Carnatic, imbedded in prismatic Feld-spar,
and accompanied by rhombohedral Corundum, dodecahedral
Garnet, hemi-prismatic and prismatoidal Augite-spar. In-
dianite is not a well defined species. Mr Brooke observes,
that the angle of its cleavage planes is that of silicate of
lime (prismatic Augite-spar). It is supposed by Beudant
to be a variety of Labradorite.

IRIDIUM.

Iridium. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 54; Alloy of Iridium
and Osmium. Phill. p. 326i

Rhombohedral. Six-sided prisms, combined in paral-
lel position with two isosceles six-sided pyramids,
having bases of 110° 36' and 130° 6'. Bournon.
Cleavage perpendicular to the axis. Grains.

Lustre metallic. Colour pale steel-grey. Opake.

Brittle. Harder than native Platina, Sp. Gr. = 19*5,
Wollaston.

If melted with nitre it becomes black ; but again ac-
quires both its colour and lustre, if heated with charcoal.
It is not dissolved by nitro-muriatic acid. It is an alloy
of iridium and osmium, and is found in South America
with native Platina. It was first described by Dr Wol-
laston.

JEFFERSONITE.

115

IEON-SINTEB.

Iron-Sinter. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 250.

Reniform, stalactitic ... massive. Compositioil im-
palpable. Fracture conchoidal.
Lustre vitreous. Colour v ellowish-, reddish-, black-

w

ish-brown. Transparent ... translucent on the
edges.

Not very brittle. Soft. Sp. Gr. = 2-40, Kab sten.

Before the blowpipe it intumesces, and some varieties
emit a strong arsenical odour, during which they are partly
volatilised. It consists, according to Kxaproth and Stko-

MEYER, of

Oxide of Iron 67-00 33-46.

Arsenic Acid 0 00 26-06.

Sulphuric Acid 8-00 10*75.

Protoxide of Manganese 0-00 0-50.

Water 25*00 28-48.
It is found in several old mines, as at Freiberg and

Schneeberg in Saxony, and in Upper Silesia.

JEFFERSON ITE.
AUGITE-SPAR.

Jeffersonite(PolystoinousAugite-Spar). Keating. Joum.
Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. Vol. II. p. 194. Edinb.
Phil. Journ. Vol. VII. p. 317. Jeffersonite. Phill.
p. 24.

Hemi-prismatic. Massive. Cleavage, P -f- oe =
106° ; also P — oo, inclined at angles of 94° 45'
and 85° 15' to the axis, less perfect than the for-
mer ; besides these, also other faces occur, which
are parallel to the axis, and intersect each other
at angles of 116° and 64°, and of 99° 45' and
80° 15', according to Keating, Fracture uneven.

11C

PHYSIOGRAPHY

Lustre resinous : upon the faces of cleavage semi-
metallic. Colour dark olive-green, passing into
brown. Streak light green. Slightly translu-
cent on the edges.

Hardness = 4-5. Sp. Gr. = 3*51 . . . 3-60, Keating.

Before the blowpipe it melts easily into a black globule.
In heated nitro-muriatic acid one-tenth of it is dissolved,
and the residue assumes a lighter colour. It consists, ac-
cording to Keating, of

Silica 5600.

Lime 1510.

Protoxide of Manganese 13-50.

Peroxide of Iron 10*00.

Oxide of Zinc 1*00.

Alumina 2-00.
It occurs near Sparta, Sussex county, New Jersey,
along with octahedral and dodecahedral Iron-ore, dodeca-
hedral Garnet, Chondrodite, &c. It is very nearly allied
to the paratomous Augite-spar.

KAltPHOLITE.

Karpholite. Jam. Man. p. 324. Karpholite or Carpho-
Hte. Pbill. p. 22.

Massive : composition thin columnar, scopiform

and stellular, rather incoherent, meeting again in

angularly granular compositions.
Lustre silky, colour high straw-yellow, sometimes

approaching to wax-yellow. Opake.
The hardness appears to be low. Sp. Gr. =: 2-93-5,

Breithaupt.

KILLINITE.

It intumesces before tlie blow-pipe, becomes white, and
melts imperfectly into a coherent mass. It consists, ac-
cording to Steinmann and Stromeyer, of

Silica 37*53 36154.

Alumina 26-48 28669.

Protoxide of Manganese 17*09 19-160.

Protoxide of Iron 5-64 2*290.

Lime 0-00 0-2*71.

Fluoric Acid 0*00 0*470.

Water 11-36 10-780.

It occurs in granite at Schlaggenwald in Bohemia, accom.
, panied by octahedral Fluor-haloide and rhombohedral
Quartz.

K1LLIN1TE.
Killinite of Taylor. Phill. p. 322.

Irregular imbedded crystals, massive.

Cleavage parallel to a rhombic prism of 135° (near-
ly), and its short diagonal, Phill. Fracture
uneven.

Lustre vitreous, faint. Colour greenish-grey, often
tinged brown by oxide of iron. Streak yellowish-
white. Faintly translucent.

Sectile. Hardness = 4*0. Sp. Gr. = 2*698.
Its analysis by Dr Barker yielded

Silica 52-49.

Alumina 24*50.

Potash 5*00.

Oxide of Iron 2-49.

Oxide of Manganese 0*75.

Water 5*00.

with 0-50 of lime, magnesia, and iron. It becomes white
before the blowpipe, intumesces, and melts into a white
enamel. It occurs in granite veins traversing mica-slate,
at Killiney near Dublin in Ireland, along with prismatic
Triphane-spar and rhombohedral Quartz.

118

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

KNEBELITE.
Knebelite of Lenz and Doebereiner. Phill. p. 206,
Massive. Fracture imperfect conchoidal.
Lustre glistening. Colour grey, spotted dirty

white, red, brown, and green. Opake.
Hard. Brittle. Difficultly frangible. Sp. Gr. =
3-714, Doebereiner.

It was found by Doebereiner to contain silica 32-5,
protoxide of iron 32-0, and protoxide of manganese 35-0.

KUPFERfNDIG.
Kupferinding. Breithaupt. HofFm. H. B. IV. 2. S. 178.

Implanted spheroidal shapes, with a crystalline sur-
face. Massive, plates : composition impalpable.
Fracture flat conchoidal, uneven.

Lustre resinous, faint. Colour indigo-blue, inclin-
ing sometimes to blackish-blue. Higher resinous
lustre in the streak. Opake.

Not particularly sectile. Intermediate between soft
and very soft. Sp. Gr. = 3-80 ... 3-82, Breith.

Before the blowpipe it burns before it becomes red-hot,
with a blue flame, and melts into a globule, which is
strongly agitated, and emits sparks. Finally it yields a
button of copper. It occurs at Sangerhausen in Thuringia,
the imitative crystalline varieties at Leogang in Salzburg.

LATROBITE.

SPAR*

Latrobite. Brooke. Ann. of Phil. XXIX. p. 383. Phill.
p. 380. Children. Ann. of Phil. XLIII. p. 38.
Dinloite of Breithaupt. GmeLin. Edinb. Journ. of
Science. Vol* II. p. 287.

LEEL1TE.

no

Te tar to-prismatic. Crystallised and massive.
Cleavage in three directions, intersecting each other

at angles of 98° 30', 91°, and 93° 80\
Colour pale red. Hardness, between 5 0 and 6 0.

Sp. Gr. = 2-8, Brooke ; = 2 720, Gmelin.

According to Children, it fuses before the blowpipe iu
the platina forceps into a white enamel. With borax it
yields a globule, pale amethyst red in the oxidating flame,
and colourless in the reducing one. With salt of phospho-
rus, a globule with a silica skeleton is obtained, yellow in
the oxidating flame, and becoming opake on cooling, trans-
parent in the reducing flame. Professor Gmelin of Tu-
bingen obtained from two analyses, one of them with car-
bonate of baryta, the other with carbonate of soda, the fol-
lowing results :

Silica

44-653

41-780.

Alumina

36-814

32-827.

J_.ime

8-291

9*787.

Oxide of Manganese

3-1 GO

5*767,

Magnesia, with some \

0-628

with a Uttto

manganese )

magnelia.

Potash

6-575

6575.

Water

2041

2041.

It occurs in Amitok island, near the coast of Labrador,
with mica and rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

LEELITE.

Leelite. Clarke. Ann. of Phil. 1818. Phill. p. 21.

Massive. Fracture splintery. Lustre and trans-
lucency like horn. Sp. Gr. = 2*71, Clarke.

It consists, according to Clarke, of silex 75, alumina
22, manganese 2-5, water 0*50. It occurs at Gryphytta in
Westmania in Sweden*

120

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

LEVYNE.
KOUPHONE-SPAII.

Levyne. Dr Brewster. Edinb. Joum. of Science. Vol.
II. p. 332.

Rhombohedral. R = 79° 29'. Vol I. Fig. 7. Ar.

Simple forms. R — cc (p) ; R — . 1 (g) = 106° 4' ;
R (P) ; f R + 1 (n) = 70° 7.

Char, of Comb. Rhombohedral.

Combination. R — cx>. R — 1. R. Fig. 194.
represents two individuals compound parallel to
R — oo, the individuals continued beyond the
face of composition, as in rhombohedral Kou-
phone-spar. Inclination of o on g == 136° 1',
of o on P = 117° 24', ofoonw = 109° 13'.

Cleavage, indistinct, parallel to R. Fracture im-
perfect conchoidal. Surface, R — 1 and R
streaked parallel to their common edges of in-
tersection. R — oo uneven, and generally curved,
so that the opposite faces are often inclined on
each other at an angle of 2° — 3°.

Lustre vitreous. Colour white. Streak white.
Semi-transparent.

Brittle. Hardness = 40.

Levyne was first observed by Mr Heuland, and sus-
pected to be a new mineral. Dr Brewster afterwards
subjected it to an optical examination, and gave to it the
name of Levyne, in honour of Mr Levy, who had first
examined its crystallographic properties.

In the glass tube it gives off a considerable quantity of
water, and becomes opake. Upon charcoal it intumesces a
little. With salt of phosphorus it yields a transparent

MAGNESITE.

121

globule, which contains a skeleton of silica, and becomes
opake on cooling. It occurs at Dalsnypen in Faroe, with
hemi-prismatic Kouphone-spar, in the vesicular cavities of
an amygdaloid.

LIGURITE.

Viviani. Mem. dell' Accad. delle Scienze, lettere ed
arti di Genova. III. Ligurit. Leonhah'd. S. 651.
Ligurite. Phill. p. 207.

-pr

Hemi-prismatic. P -f oo = 140°. Pr + oo.

Inclination of ~ on Pr + oo = 152° (nearly).

Fracture uneven.

Lustre of the fracture intermediate between vitre-
ous and resinous. Colour apple-green. Streak
greyish-white. Transparent ... translucent.

Hardness above 5 0. It is said to be harder than
oriental chrysolite. Sp. Gr. = 3-49.

According to Viviaki, who gave the preceding descrip-
tion of this mineral, it consists of

Silica 57*45.

Alumina 7*36.

Lime 25-30.

Magnesia 2 '56.

Oxide of Iron 3-00.

Oxide of Manganese 0"50.
It has only been found on the banks of the Stura in the
Appennines, in a talcous rock.

MAGNESITE,
HALOIDE.

Magnetite. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 281. Man. p. 315.
Carbonate of Magnesia. Phill. p. 179.

Rcniform, tuberose, massive. Composition impalp-

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

able. Fracture flat conchoidal, sometimes flue
earthy.

Dull. Colour yellowish-grey, cream-yellow, yel-
lowish- and greyish-white. Streak white. Feeb-
ly translucent on the edges ...opake.

Not very brittle. Semi-hard in a moderate degree
(between 3-0 and 4*0). Compound varieties are
often very tough ; it has been observed that
some of them give sparks with steel, and yet do
not scratch the octahedral Fluor-haloide. Sp.
Gr. = 2-808, Breithaupt.

Adheres pretty strongly to the tongue.

It is infusible before the blowpipe. It is dissolved with a
slow effervescence in the nitric and dilute sulphuric acids.
According to Lampadius and Klaproth, it consists of

From Moravia* From Stiria.
Magnesia 47*00 48-00.
Carbonic Acid 51-00 49 00.

Water 1»60 3*00.

It occurs at Hrubschitz in Moravia, in the Gulsen moun-
tain in Stiria, at Baumgarten in Silesia, at Baudissero in
Piedmont, in Spain, and in other countries. The Magne.
sian Marble q€ Mr Nuttal, from Hoboken in New Jersey,
which has been found both massive and crystallised in six-
sided prisms, seems to possess some analogy with Magnesitc.

MANGANESE-SPAR,
SPAR.

Manganese-Spar. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 445. Man. p. 325.
Siliciferous Oxide of Manganese. Phill. p. 245.

Prismatic. Cleavage apparent in two directions
perpendicular to each other, less distinct in two

MANGANESE-SPAR. 123

others forming an angle of 87° 5', according to
Rose, being the angle of Pyroxene.
Massive. Composition fine granular, strongly co-
herent.

Lustre intermediate between pearly and resinous.

Colour rose-red. Translucent on the edges.
Brittle. Hardness = 50... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-538,

Berzelius; = 3*685, Breithaupt.

Heated before the blowpipe, it becomes dark-brown, and
melts into a reddish-brown globule. The colour it im-
parts to glass of borax in the oxidating flame is hyacinth-
red ; but in the reducing flame the glass remains white.
According to Lampadius and Berzelius, it consists of

From Siberia. From Sweden,

Oxide of Manganese 6 1 00 54-42.

Silica 3000 4800.

Oxide of Iron 5-00 a trace.

Alumina 2-00 0*00.

Lime and Magnesia 0 00 3-34.
It is found at Longbanshyttan in Sweden in beds of
iron-ore, near Elbingerode in the Hartz, and in the district
of Catharinenburg in Siberia ; also near Callington in Corn-
wall, and other places.

The substances called AlfogHe, Corneous Manganese, Pho-
tbdtc and RJtod&nite, appear to be compact varieties of the
present species, occasionally mixed with a variable quantity
of the macrotypous Parachrose-baryte. They have been
analysed, the first by Du Menil, the others by Biiandes,
and found to consist of

AUagite. Com. Mang. Photizite. Rhodonite*

Oxide of Manganese 75*00 57*16 37 39 49 87.

Silica 1000 3500 3C00 39-00.

Carbonic Acid 7*50 5 00 14-00 4-00.

Water 0-00 2 50 600 6*00.

Oxide of Iron 0 00 0-25 0-50 0-25.

Alumina 0 00 0-00 6-00 012,

124

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

The manganese in Allagite is in the state of peroxide,., in
all the rest it is protoxide.

They agree very nearly with the Manganese-spar in re-
spect to hardness and specific gravity. Their colours are
several green, brown, and reddish tints, which become
darker on the surface on being exposed to the air, and
generally assume at the same time a slight degree of lustre.
They differ in a more or less perfect conchoidal fracture
and slight shades of colour, which hardly allow of being
expressed in words. They have all been found near Bu-
beland in the Hartz.

MARMOL1TE.
Marmolite. Nuttall. Silliman's Journal.

Massive. Cleavage in two directions, intersecting

each other obliquely, one of them more distinct.

Composition columnar.
Lustre pearly (inclining to metallic). Colour pale,

green and grey. Opake.
Brittle. Easily cut with a knife. Sp. Gr. = 2-47,

Nuttall.

It is said to resemble very much prismatic Talc-mica,
with which it had hitherto been confounded. Before the
blowpipe it decrepitates, hardens, and splits into laminae, but
does not melt. With nitric acid it yields a thick partly
gelatinous mass. It consists, according to Nuttall, of

Magnesia 46-00.

Silica 36-00.

Lime 2*00.

Water 15-00.

Oxide of Iron and Chrome 0-50.
It occurs in serpentine at Hoboken, and in the Barehills
near Baltimore.

>

MELLILITE,. 1^5

MASCAGNINE OR SULPHAT OF AMMONIAC.

SALT.

Mascagnine or Sulphat of Ammoniac. Jam. Syst. Vol.
III. p. 16. Man, p. 13.

Prismatic, according to Mitscherlich. Stalacti-
tic : composition impalpable. Mealy efflorescence.

Colour yellowish-grey, lemon-yellow. Semi-trans-
parent ...opake.

Taste pungent, bitter.

It is soluble in double its weight of water. It attracts
moisture from the atmosphere, and is entirely volatile in
a higher temperature. It consists of

Sulphuric Acid 53 29.

Ammonia 22-80.

Water, 23-91.,
and its formula is N H 6 S + 2 Aq, according to Behze-
lius. It occurs in the neighbourhood of Vesuvius and
Etna, in the Solfatara near Puzzuolo, and in the Lagunes
near Siena in Tuscany.

MELLILITE.
Mellilite. Jam. Man. p. 325. Mellilite. Phill. p. 208.

Prismatic. P + oo = 115°. P r = 70° (nearly).
Hauy. According to Phillips, they are square
prisms, having the lateral edges replaced.

Colour yellow, inclining to red or green. Opake.

Gives sparks with steel.

Before the blowpipe it melts without ebullition into a
greenish glass. Reduced to powder, it gelatinises with
nitric acid. According to Cahpi, it consists of
Silica 38-00.
lime 10-60.

126

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Magnesia 1 9*40.

Alumina 2*90.

Oxide of Iron 12*10.

Oxide of Titanium 4*00.

Oxide of Manganese 2-00.
It is found at Capo di Bove and Tivoli near Home, ac-
companied by rhombohedral Feld-spar, in the fissures of a
volcanic rock.

MESOLE.

XOUPHONE-SPAR.

Mesole. Berzelius. Edinb. Phil. Journ. Vol. VII. p. 1.

Implanted globules, reniform shapes : composition
broad columnar, radiating from the centre..

Colour white, sometimes inclining a little to yellow.
Faintly translucent.

Hardness = $ 5. Sp. Gr. r= 2-370.

According to Berzelius, it consists of

Silica 42-60.

Alumina 28-00.

Lime 11*43.

Soda 5*63.

Water 12-70.
It contains generally a little carbonate of lime. Berze-
lius gives the formula NST* -f 2 CS 2 + 9 AS + S Aq.

It is found in Faroe lining the cavities of an amygdaloidal
rock, the first stratum being generally Mesoline, the se-
cond Mesole, and having crystals of pyramidal and prisma-
toidal Kouphone-spar disposed upon it.

MESOLINE.

KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Mesoline. Berzelius. Edinb. Phil. Journ. Vol. VII. p. 7.
Crystalline coats of a whitish colour on the surface

MOLYBDENA-SILVER.

of the amygdaloid from Faroe, containing the
Mesole and the pyramidal and prismatoidal Kou-
phone- spars.

Thift is probably a variety of Chabasie, which is found
along with the other species in the above mentioned spe-
cimens. The following table contains the analyses of,
1. Mesole by Berzelius, 2. Chabasie from Fassa by Arf-
vedson, 3. Chabasie from the Giants Causeway by Arf-
vedson, and 4. Chabasie from Gustafsberg by Berzelius.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Silica

47-50

48-38

49-07

50-65.

Alumina 21-40

19-28

18-19

17-90.

Soda

4-80

0-00

1219

0*00.

Potash

0-00

2-50

a trace.

1-70.

Lime

7'90

8-70

0*00

9-73.

Water

ltf-19

2114

19-73

19-90.

Berzelius observes that the Mesole was not quite pure,
but had a little of the rock attached to it. These analyses,
together with those of the other varieties of rhombohedral
Kouphone-spar and of Gmelinite, differ only in the kind
and proportions to each other of the alkaline base which they
contain. The substances themselves are not, all of them,
sufficiently known, to say whether, as it is probable, this dif-
ference is founded in really different natural-historical spe-
cies, as in the case of prismatic Feld-spar, Albite, and Labra-
dorite, or whether they should be comprised in one species.

MOLYBDENA-SILVER.

Molybdena-Silver. Jam. Man. p. 326. Molybdic Silver.
Phill. p. 287.

Rhombohedral. Cleavage, R, perfect.
Lustre metallic. Colour pale steel-grey.
Elastic. Not particularly sectile. Soft. Sp. Gr.
— 8 0., Breithaupt.

129

PHYSIOGRAPHY

Before the blowpipe it melts very easily into a globule,
that can be entirely volatilised, during which the support-
ing charcoal is covered with a yellow oxide. If dissolved
in the state of powder in nitric acid, a precipitate of sul-
phur is formed. It consists, according to Klaproth, of

Bismuth 95-00.
Sulphur 5-00.

It has been found at Deutsch Pilsen in Hungary, accom-
panied by several species of the genera Lime-haloide, Iron-
pyrites, &c

It seems that in Hungary several species, different from
each other, have been designated by the collective unde-
termined name of Molybdcna-Silvcr. Thus a species very
distinct from that described above, presents the following
characters :

Form probably rhombohedral. It occurs in imbedded
masses, having a general resemblance to three and six-
sided prisms.

Cleavage perfect, axotomous. Fracture imperfect conchoi-

dal, uneven, scarcely perceptible.
Lustre metallic. Colour intermediate between tin-white

and steel-grey. Streak unchanged, or rather darker, its

place becomes shining in the mineral. Opake.
Very sectile. Thin laminre perfectly flexible. Hardness

= l-§. Sp. Gr. » 7*403.

This species likewise is found in Hungary. Several
specimens of it are in the collection of the Johanneum at
Gratz. It is accompanied by hexahedral Gold and pyra-
midal Copper-pyrites, imbedded in rhombohedral Quartz.
Its chemical compounds are as yet unknown. Before the
blowpipe it gives the reactions of sulphur, tellurium, and
bismuth.

Another variety of Molybdena-Silver examined by Ber-
zelius, which had been communicated to him by Professor
Weiss of Berlin, was found to contain only tellurium and
bismuth.

NATIVE NICKEL.

129

NATIVE LEAD.

METAL.

Gediegen-Blei. Leonh. S. 223. Plomb natif. Bournon.
Cat. p. 333.

Massive. Fracture hackly.

Lustre metallic. Colour pure lead-grey. Streak
shining.

Malleable. Hardness = 1-5. Sp. Gr. = 11«3523,
Hauy. Disagreeable odour by friction.

It melts easily before the blowpipe, and covers the char-
coal with a yellow oxide. Octahedral crystals may be ob-
tained by fusion. Metallic lead, as it occurs in nature, is
almost in every instance accompanied by such substances
as betray its having once been in a state of fusion. It was
first noticed by Uathke from the island of Madeira, where
it is imbedded in vesicular masses, considered as slags by
some, and as volcanic rocks by others. Many other localities
are of a similar kind. It has been found in a rolled mass of a
stone weight in Anglaise river, North America, traversing
hexahedral Lead-glance in narrow veins. It has been
quoted also from some abandoned mines in the vicinity of
Carthagena in Spain, as occurring in capillar}- and other
imitative shapes, engaged in a blackish clay. Lately me-
tallic lead has also been found near Alston in Cumberland.
It is associated with hexahedral Lead-glance, rhombohc-
dral Quartz, &c, but also with litharge, and a fused mass
resembling a slag. It fills a vein near the surface of the
earth, in compact limestone.

NATIVE NICKEL.

Native Nickel. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 550. Man. p. 32G-
Native Nickel Phill. p. 282.

Delicate, capillary crystals.
vol. in. I

130

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre metallic. Colour brass-yellow, inclining to
bronze-yellow and steel-grey.

According to Arfvedson, it consists of

Nickel 04-35.

Sulphur 34-26.
Before the blowpipe it melts into a brittle metallic glo-
bule ; it colours glass of borax violet-blue ; in nitric acid
it is dissolved without leaving a residue, and forms a pale
green solution. It occurs at Johanngeorgenstadt in Sax-
ony, Joachimsthal in Bohemia, and in the "YVesterwald,
accompanied by several species of Iron-pyrites, Lime-ha-
loide, &c. It has been sometimes called Capillary Pyrites.

NEEDLE-ORE.

GLANCE.

Needle-Ore. Jam. Man. p. 326. Acicular Bismuth-
Glance. Syst. Vol. III. p. 381. Plum bo-cupriferous
Sulphuret of Bismuth. Phill. p. 274.

Prismatic. Cleavage unknown, imperfect. Frac-
ture uneven.
Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey.
Hardness = 20 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 6-125, John.

Before the blowpipe its sulphur is driven off, and it
melts and emits numerous sparkling metallic globules. A
button of lead containing copper remains, which communi-
cates a greenish-blue colour to glass of borax. It is soluble
in nitric acid, and consists, according to John, of

Bismuth 43-20.

Lead 24-32.

Copper 12-10.

Nickel 1-58.

Tellurium 1*32.

Sulphur 11-58.

Gold 0-79.
It occurs near Catharinenburg in Siberia, imbedded in

NICKELIFEROUS GUEY ANTIMONY. 131

rhombohedral Quartz, and accompanied by hexahedral
Gold, and several species of the orders Malachite, Glance,
and Pyrites.

NEPHRITE.

Nephrite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 287. Man. p. 327.
Nephrite. Phill. p. 134.

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture coarse
splintery, in some varieties slaty in the great.

Colour green, particularly leek-green passing into
grey and white. Translucent, often only on the
edges.

Not particularly brittle ; some varieties are remark-
ably tough. Hardness = 7 0. Sp. Gr. = 2-932
... 3 024, Breithaupt.

Alone it is infusible before the blowpipe, but becomes
white. It consists, according to Kastner, of

Silica 50*50.

Magnesia 31*00.

Alumina 10*00.

Oxide of Iron 5*50.

Oxide of Chrome 0*05.

Water 2*75.
It is brought from China and Egypt. A large block has
lately been found in the alluvial soil of the alum-earth
mines at Schwemmsal in Saxony.

NICKELIFEROUS GREY ANTIMONY.
PYRITES.

Nickeliferous Grey Antimony, Jam. Syst. Vol. III. w.
403. Man. p. 327.

Tessular. Cleavage, hexahedron, perfect. Mas*
sive : composition granular.

132

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey, inclining to
silver-white.

Brittle. Hardness = 5 0 ... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 6-451,
a cleavable variety.

It is partly volatilised before the blowpipe, during which
the supporting charcoal is covered with a white coating ; at
last it melts into a metallic globule, which communicates
a blue colour to glass of borax. It consists, according to
Stromever and Klaproth, of

Nickel 36-60 25-25.

Antimony 43-80 47*75.

Arsenic 0-00 11»75.

Sulphur 17 71 1525.

Iron and Manganese 1-80 0-00.
It is met with in several mines in the principality of
Nassau, along with brachytypous Parachrose-baryte, pyra-
midal Copper-pyrites, hexahedral Lead-glance, &c.

NITRATE OF SODA.
SALT.

Soude nitratee. Hauy. Traite*, 2de Ed. T. II. p. 214.
Nitrate of Soda. pHttl. p. 191.

Fundamental form. Rhombohedron. R = 106°
33'. Vol I. Fig. 7. Ap.

a = V

*

Simple form. R.

Char, of Comb, and the combinations not observed.
Cleavage, R, perfect. Fracture conchoidai, almost

imperceptible. Surface smooth.
Lustre vitreous. Colour white. Streak white.

Transparent.
Rather sectile. Hardness = 1*5 ... 8-0. Sp, Gr.

= 2 0964, Klaproth. Taste cooling.

ORTHITE.

133

It is soluble in three times its weight of water at a tem-
perature of 12° R. It melts and deflagrates upon glowing
charcoal, but not so violently as the prismatic Nitre-salt.
If rubbed in an isolated state, it acquires a very strong
negative electricity. It consists of

Nitric Acid 54*97»
Soda 45-03.

according to Berzelius' formula, Na N*.

It is found in Peru, in the district of Atacama, near the
seaport of Yquique, and according to Mariano de Rivero,
occurs with clay in beds of different thickness, extending
more than fifty miles, and is worked to great advantage.

NUTTALLITE.

Nuttallite. Brooke. Ann. of Phil. XXI. p. 36G.

Crystals, right square prisms, imbedded in calca-
reous spar. Resembling Scapolite, but softer
and more glassy in the fracture. Play of light
similar to that of Elaoiite upon the faces of the
prism. Colour grey.

ORTHITE.

Orthit. Berzelius. Afh. i Fysik, &c. Vol. V. Orthite.
Phill. p. 265.

Form, long and straight acicular masses. Massive :

composition impalpable. Fracture conchoidal.
Lustre vitreous. Colour ash-grey, passing into

brown, if the mineral be decomposed. Streak

brownish-grey. Opake.
Scratches glass, though with difficulty. Sp. Gr.

— 3-288, Berzelius.

134,

PHYSIOGRAPHY

Before the blowpipe it froths, becomes yellowish-brown,
and melts with effervescence into a black vesicular globule ;
with borax into a transparent one. It gelatinises in heated
acids, and according to Berzelius, it consists of

Silica 32-00.

Lime ' 7*84.

Alumina 14 80.

Oxide of Cerium 19*44.

Protoxide of Iron 12 44.

Oxide of Manganese 3-40.

Yttria 3*44.

Water 6-36.

It occurs at Finbo near Fahlun in Sweden, along with
rhombohedral Quartz, prismatic Feld-spar, Albite, &c. in
veins traversing gneiss.

PALLADIUM.
METAL.

Palladium. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 63. Native Palla-
dium. Puill. p. 325.

Grains. Octahedrons and prisms with a square

base are quoted by Sowerby.
Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey, inclining to

silver-white.

Hardness superior to wrought iron. Sp. Gr. = 11*8,
Wollaston; = 12*14, Lowky.

It is reducible by heat. By itself it is infusible before
the blowpipe, but melts with sulphur. With nitric acid it
yields a red solution. It consists essentially of palladium,
but contains also a small portion of platina and iridium.
It occurs along with native Platina in Brazil, and was dis-
covered by Dr "Wollaston. The pure metal is ductile
and very malleable ; it is flexible in thin slips, but not
very elastic.

PHARMACOL ITE.

PHARMACOLITE.

Pharmacoiite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 543. Pharmaco-
lite. Arseniate of Lime. Thill, p. 178.

Capillary crystals, in globular aggregation. Glo-
bular, reniform, hotryoidal. Composition thin
columnar ... impalpable. Farinaceous.

Lustre vitreous; also pearly in the thin columnar
particles of composition. Colour white. Trans-
lucent ... opake.

Sectile, very soft. Sp. Gr. = 2/640, Klaproth.

Before the blowpipe it emits an arsenical odour, and
melts with difficulty into a white enamel. In nitric acid
it is dissolved without effervescence. According to Klaf-
roth and John, it consists of

From Wittichen. From Andrcasbcrg.
Lime 25*00 27*28.

Arsenic Acid 50-54 45*68.
Water 24-46 23-8C.

It is found in the principality of Fiirstenberg, at An-
dreasberg in the Hartz, at Riechelsdorf in Hessia, and
other places, in veins that also contain native Arsenic,
several species of Cobalt -pyrites, Sec.

The description of the Picropharmacolite of Stromeyeu
(Untcrtuchungen, Vol. I. p. 135.), does not differ from that
given of the Pliarmacolite. The only difference discovered
between the two substances consists in a small quantity of
magnesia which the former contains. It is composed of
Lime 24*646.
Magnesia 3*218.
Oxide of Cobalt 0-998.
Arsenic Acid 46*971.
Water 23*977.
It occurs in the cobalt mines of Riechelsdorf in Hessia,
along with prismatic Hal-baryte.

r

136 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

PHOSPHATE OF MANGANESE.
ORE.

t

Phosphat of Manganese. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 408.
Pitchy Iron-Ore. Id. ibid. Vol. III. p. 248. Phosphat
of Manganese. Id. Man. p. 328. Phosphate of Man-
ganese. Phill. p. 248.

Pyramidal or prismatic. Massive : cleavage in
three directions perpendicular to each other, one
of them more distinct. Fracture small con-
choidal.

Lustre resinous, inclining to adamantine. Colour
blackish-brown. Streak yellowish-grey. Trans-
lucent on the edges. Opake.

Brittle. Hardness = 5 0 ... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 3439,

. Vauquelin ; = 3-775, Ullmann.

lie fore the blowpipe it melts easily into a black scoria,
is readily dissolved in nitric acid without effervescence,
and consists, according to Vauquelin, of
Oxide of Iron 31-00.
Oxide of Manganese 42-00.
Phosphoric Acid 27 -00.
It has been found near Limoges in France, in a vein of
quartz traversing granite, accompanied by rhombohedral
Emerald.

PICKOLITE.

Picrolith (of Hausmann). Leonh. S. 545. Picrolite.
Phill. p. 209.

Massive: composition thin columnar. Fracture
splintery.

Lustre faint, inclining to pearly. Colour leek-

PICEOSM.IKE. 137

green passing into yellow. Streak a little shin-
ing. Translucent on the edges.
Hardness between 3 0 and 6 0.

According to Almroth, it consists of

Silica 40*04.

Magnesia 38-80.

Water 9-08.

Protoxide of Iron 8-28.

Carbonic Acid 4'70.
It colours glass of borax green, but the colour disappears
on cooling. It occurs in irregular veins in the beds of oc-
tahedral Iron-ore in the Taberg, and at Nordmarken in
Sweden, and has been mentioned also from Reicheustein
in Silesia.

PICROSMINE.*

Picrosmin. Haidinger.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 151° 3', 120° 67° 59'. Vol I. Fig. 9. Ap.

a : b : c = 1 : a/11«00 : >J2'15.

Simple forms and combinations not known ; the
character of the latter prismatic, as it appears
from cleavage.

Cleavage. Pr + oo (M) perfect; Pr + qd (T)
less, Pr (i) = 117° 49' still less distinct. Least
of all P + oo ($) = 126° 5%. The product of
all the faces of cleavage is represented by Fig. 25.
excepting the faces o.

Fracture uneven, scarcely perceptible.

* Name derived from xi/c^k* bitter, and odour, from
the bitter and argillaceous odour the mineral exhales wheii
humected.

138

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre pearly, distinct upon Pr + oo, inclining to
vitreous upon the other faces. Colour greenish-
white, passing into greenish-grey, and mountain-
green, sometimes also oil-, leek-, and blackish-
green. Streak white, dull. Translucent on the
edges ... opake.

Very sectile. Hardness = 2*5 ... 3-0. Sp. Gr.
2-660 of a cleavable compound variety, £-590
of a columnar variety.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition
granular, strongly coherent. If the composition
becoi nes impalpable, the fracture is earthy. The
particles of columnar compositions are very thin ;
fracture splintery.

Its chemical composition is unknown. Before the blow-
pipe it is infusible, but gives out water, becomes first
black, then white and opake, and acquires a degree of
hardness nearly = 5*0. It is soluble in salt of phosphorus,
with the exception of a silica skeleton. When heated
with solution of cobalt, it assumes a pale red colour. It
appears therefore to contain water, silica, and magnesia.

The cleavable varieties have been found, accompanied by
octahedral Iron-ore and macrotypous Lime-haloide, in a
bed in primitive rocks. The only locality hitherto known
is the iron mine called Engelsburg near Presnitz in Bo-
hemia.

It is likely that many varieties of the common Asbestus
of Werneb, (Jam. Syst. VoL II. p» 156.), particularly
that from Zoblitz in Saxony, should be referred to this
species. According to Wiegleb, it consists of

Silica 4606.

Magnesia 40*45.

Oxide of Iron 4'70.

FINITE.

139

Various localities are quoted for the common Asbestus ;
but since Asbestus contains also varieties of hemi-prismatic
and of paratomous Augite-spar, they cannot all be supposed
exact, and it would therefore be very interesting to institute
A closer natural-historical examination of all these minerals.
Among the localities chiefly quoted, are Zbblitz in Saxony,
Silesia, the Tyrol, and many other countries along the line
of the Alps, the Shetland isles, Portsoy, Sec. where it oc-
curs in veins traversing serpentine ; in the Tabcrg and other
places in Sweden, where it occurs in beds, along with octa-
hedral Iron-ore, with several species of Pyrites, rhombo-
hedral and macrotypous Lime-haloide, &c.

FINITE.

Pinite. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 227- Man. p. 328. Pinite.
Phill. p. 80.

Rhombohedral. R — oo. R + op ; R — go. R+ oo.
P -f oo. Cleavage very indistinct. Composi-
tion, R — oo. Fracture uneven.

Lustre resinous, faint. Colour blackish-green ...
greenish-grey. Streak uncoloured. Feebly trans-
lucent on the edges.

Sectile. Hardness = 20 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 2/782,
the crystallised variety from France.

In thin splinters the variety from Auvergne melts im-
perfectly before the blowpipe, and consists, according to

C. G. G ME LIN, of

Silica 55-964.

Alumina 25*480.
Potash 7*890.
Soda 0-386.
Oxide of Iron 5*512.
Magnesia 3-760.
Water 1*410.,

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

with traces of lime, manganese, and animal matter. Ac-
cording to Klaprotii, the variety from Saxony is infusible
before the blowpipe, and consists of alumina G3*75> silica
29*50, and protoxide of iron 6-75.

It occurs in several countries in granite ; at Schneeberg
in Saxony, in Salzburg, in Auvergne, in Cornwall, in
North- America, &c.

FLOMBGOMME.

Plomb hydro-alumine* (Plomb gomme). Hauy. Traits,
2de Ed. T. III. p. 410.

Renifbrm. Surface smooth. Composition thin co-
lumnar ... impalpable.

Colour yellowish- and reddish-brown, striped.
Translucent.

Scratches octahedral Fluor-haloide, but does not
affect glass.

If rubbed in an isolated state, it acquires a strong nega-
tive electricity. If quickly heated before the blowpipe, it
decrepitates and loses its water ; but is infusible by itself.
With borax it yields a transparent colourless glass, without
reduction of the lead. According to Berzelius, it con-
sists of

Oxide of Lead 40-14.

Alumina 37i)0.

Water 18-80.

Sulphurous Acid 0*20.

Lime and the Oxides of )

T , , r J- 1*80.

Iron and Manganese J

Silica 0-60.

It occurs at Huelgoet near Poullaouen in Brittany, in

clay-slate, along with liexahedral Lead-glance, dodecahe-

dral Garnet-blende, liexahedral Iron-pyrites, and di-pris-

matic Lead-baryte.

PYRALLOLITE.

HI

POLYHALITE.
SALT.

Polyhalit. Stromeyeu. Untersucliungen. Vol. I. p. 144.
Polyhalite. Phill. p. 199.

Massive : composition columnar. Fracture splin-
tery, uneven.

Lustre resinous. Colour smoke-grey and pearl-
grey, flesh-red and brick-red.

Hardness greater than 3-0. Sp. Gr. = 27689,
Stromeyer.

Taste saline and bitter.

In the flame of a candle it melts into an opake globule, is
readily dissolved in water, and, according to Stromeyer,
consists of

Sulphate of Potash 27*7037.

Anhydrous Sulphate of Lime 44*7429.

Anhydrous Sulphate of Magnesia 20-0347.

Muriate of Soda 0-1910.

AVater 5-9535.

Peroxide of Iron 0*3376.
It occurs at Berchtesgaden and Ischel, along with hexa-
hedral Rock-salt, and the two species of Gypsuni-haloide.
It has lately been discovered also in the salt mines of Vic
in Lorraine.

PYRALLOLITE.

Pyrallolith. Nordexskiold. Schweiggers Journal fur
Cheraie and Physik. XXXI. 387. Pyrallolite. Phill.
p. 68.

Tetarto-prismatic. Comb. 1. M. T. Sim. Fig. 81 .
Inclination of M on T = 94>° 36' ; of I on M =
140° 49'.

142

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Cleavage, distinct parallel to M and to T, also in
the direction of a plane which takes away the
more obtuse edge between M and T ; this plane
intersects M at an angle of 144° S\ and T at
an angle of 130° 33'.

Massive : composition granular. Fracture earthy.

Lustre resinous. Colour white, sometimes greenish.
Translucent on the edges ... opake.

Hardness = 3*5 . . . 4-0. It seems to become harder
by exposure to the air. Sp. Gr. = 2-55 ... 2*60.

"When reduced to powder it phosphoresces with a blueish
light. Before the blowpipe it first becomes black, then
white, afterwards intumesces and melts on its edges. With
borax it yields a transparent glass. According to Norden-
skiold, from whom the whole of the preceding description
is taken, it consists of

Silica 56-62.

Magnesia 23-38.

Alumina 3*38.

Lime 5*58.

Oxide of Iron 0*99.

Protoxide of Manganese 0-99.

Water 3*58.
leaving C-38 of an unknown bituminous substance and loss.
It occurs at Storgard in the parish of Pargas in Finland,
with several species of the genera Feld-spar**nd Augite-
spar ; also with prismatic Titanium-ore and rhombohedral
Lime-haloid e.

PVRORTHITE.

Pyrorthit. Berzelius. Af bandl. i Fysik, &c. Vol. V.
Pyrorthite. Phill. p. 265.

Probably prismatic. Massive: composition colum-
nar. Fracture conchoidal, splintery, earthy.

PYltOSMALITK.

143

Lustre resinous. Colour brownish -black ; if decayed,
yellowish-brown. Streak brownish-black. Opake.

Is scratched by rhombohedral Lime-haloide. Sp. Gr.
=5 219, Berzelius.

If gently heated on one side, it takes fire, and burn9
without either flame or smoke ; after which it becomes
white, and melts into a black enamel. It gives a transpa-
rent glass with borax, is soluble in heated acids with the
exception of a black powder, and consists, according to
Berzelius, of

Silica 10-43.

Alumina 3*59.

Protoxide of Cerium 13-92.

Protoxide of Iron 6*08.

Yttria 4-87.

Lime 1-81.

Protoxide of Manganese 1 -39.

Water 26*50.

Carbon 31*41.
It has been found at Kiirarf near Fahlun in Sweden^in a
kind of granite, accompanied by prismatic Gadolinite.

PYIiOSMALITE.
MICA.

Pyrosmalite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 561. Man. p. 329.
Pyrosmalite. Phill. p. 235.

Rhombohedral. Combination, R — <x>. R + oo.
Cleavage, R — oo perfect; R -4- oo less distinct.
Fracture uneven,

Lustre pearly upon R — oo ; lower degrees of vi-
treous lustre in other directions. Colour pale
liver-brown, passing into grey and green. Streak
paler than the colour, translucent ... opake.

114

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Rather brittle. Hardness =r 40, . .4*5. Sp. G r. =
3 077, Hausmakn.

Before the blowpipe it becomes reddish-brown, and de-
velopes fumes of muriatic acid. In a strong fire it melts
first into a black scoria, and then into a globule, which is
attractable to the magnet. It is easily soluble in glass of
borax, and consists, according to Hisinger, of
Silica 35*850.
Protoxide of Iron 21-810.
Protoxide of Manganese 21 '140.
Muriate of Iron, with excess \ i^.qq^

of base /
Lime 1210.
Water 5-895.
It was discovered by Messrs Gahn and Clason, in the
iron-mines of Nordmark in Wermeland in Sweden, and
is associated with rhombohedrai Lime-haloide and parato-
mous Augite-spar.

The forms of Pyrosmalite are considered by Hauy as
belonging to the prismatic system. It will probably be
found to belong to the genus Pearl-mica.

RADIATED ACICULAR OLIVENITE.

Radiated Acicular Olivenite. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 335.
Oblique Prismatic Arseniate of Copper. Puill. p. 318.

Hemi-prismatic. Form frequently similar to Fig. 44.
having the most acute solid angles replaced by a
face e. Inclination of MonM= 56° 0\ of P
on M = 95° 0', of P on d (contiguous to the
same summit) 99° 30', according to Phillips.

Lustre pearly upon the face of perfect cleavage.
Colour dark verdigris-green, inclining to sky-
blue, still darker on the surface. Streak verdi-
gris-green. Translucent on the edges.

RED VITRIOL.

145

Not very brittle. Hardness z= 25... 30. Sp. Gr.
= 4-19&

Before the blowpipe it deflagrates, and emits arsenical
vapours. According to Chenevix, it consists of
Oxide of Copper 54 00.
Arsenic Acid 30-00.
Water 16-00.
It has hitherto been found only in Cornwall, with several
other species of the order Malachite, also with pyramidal
Copper-pyrites, rhombohedral Quartz, Sec.

RED VITRIOL OR SULPHATE OP COBALT.

SALT*

Red Vitriol or Sulphate of Cobalt. Jam. Syst. Vol. III.
p. 23. Man. p. 16. Red VitrioL Sulphat of Cobalt.
Phill. p. 282.

Hemr-prismatic. Similar to the forms of the hemi-
prismatic Vitriol-salt, Mitscherlich. Stalactitic
and coralloidal shapes : composition columnar,
in most cases impalpable. Friable.

Lustre vitreous; in very thin columnar compositions
it becomes pearly. Colour flesh-red and rose-
red . . . reddish-white. Semi-transparent . . . trans-
lucent.

Taste astringent.

It is soluble in water. To glass of borax it communi-
cates a blue colour. According to Korr, it consists of
Oxide of Cobalt 3871.
Sulphuric Acid 19*74.
Water 41-55.
It occurs in the rubbish of old mines, at Bieber in the
neighbourhood of Hanau.

VOL. III. K

PHYSIOGRAPHY

REUNITE.

RES] S.

Retinite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 478. Itetinasphalt.

FUILL. p. 375.

Koundish, and blunt-edged masses. Fracture con-
choidal.

Lustre resinous. Colour green, yellow, red,
brown, sometimes in striped delineation. Semi-
transparent ... opake.

Hardness = 1-5 ... 20, of the variety from Halle.
Sp. Gr. = 1-135, Hatchett.

The lletinite from Halle very much resembles a vege-
table resin. The purer specimens frequently consist of
alternating layers more or less transparent, corresponding
to the external shape, and commonly including a cavity.

It emits a strong peculiar odour, even In its natural state,
but still more powerfully if rubbed between the fingers ;
which odour they retain for a considerable time. Its spe-
cific gravity is = 1*079.

Retinite, if rubbed in an isolated state, acquires negative
electricity. It takes fire at the flame of a candle, melts,
and burns with a particular odour. It is partly soluble in
alcohol, leaving behind an unctuous residue. According to
Hatchett and Bucholz, it consists of

Vegetable ltesin 55 00 9100.
Asphalt or Bitume 42-00 9-00.
Earthy Matter 3*00 0-00.

It has been found in the beds of earthy brown coal near
Halle on the Saale, at Bovey in Devonshire, also in Upper
Austria, Moravia, &c.

The different substances called Retinite, Retin-Asphalt,
&c. deserve an accurate comparative examination.

-

SAItCOLITE. 147

ROSELITE.
HALOIDE.

Roselite. Levy. Ann. of PhiL XL VI II. p. 430. Edinb.
Journ. of Science. Vol. II. p. 177-

Prismatic. P = 114° 79° 15', 140° 4(X. Vol. I.
Fig. 9. Levy.

a : b : c = 1 j V 01909 : J 0-3761.

Simple forms. P — oo (P) ; § Pr (e = 45° (Y ;

Pr (a 2 ) = 47° IS' ; £ r + oo (g).
Combination of all these forms represented Fig.

195. Inclination of edge z on edge z = 119° 46'.
Cleavage perfect parallel to P. Surface, Pr rough,

and hollowed out in the middle.
Lustre vitreous. Colour deep rose-red. Streak

white. Translucent.
Hardness = 30.

According to Mr Children, it contains water, oxide
of cobalt, lime, arsenic acid, and magnesia. Before the
blowpipe it gives off water and becomes black. It imparts
a blue colour to borax and salt of phosphorus, and is en-
tirely soluble in muriatic acid. It occurs at Schaeeberg in
Saxony, disposed on rhombohedral Quartz, and was for-
merly considered as a variety of the prismatic Cobalt-mica,
but seems rather to belong to the order Haloide.

SARCOLITE.
SPAR.

Sarcolithe de Thomson. Hauy. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III.
p. 177.

Tessular. Combinations of the hexahedron and
the octahedron, Vol. I. Fig. 3.

148

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Fracture presenting a vitreous tissue. Colour
flesh-red. Hardness sufficient to scratch glass.

It is supposed by Hauy to be a variety of the hexahe-
dral Kouphone-spar; but the form of the octahedron having
never yet been observed in that species, an accurate exa-
mination of Sarcolite is still a desideratum.

SAUSSURITE.

Saussurite. Jam. Syst. Vol. L p. 71. Man. p. 182.
Saussurite. Phill. p. 135.

Prismatic. Cleavage two faces meeting at angles
of 124° nearly, pretty distinct. Traces parallel
to the short diagonal of that prism. Fracture
uneven splintery. Massive : composition granu-
lar ... impalpable, strongly coherent.

Lustre pearly, inclining to vitreous upon the faces
of cleavage ; resinous in compound varieties, par-
ticularly when cut and polished. Colour white,
passing into mountain-green, greenish- and ash-
grey. Streak white.

Brittle. Very difficultly frangible. Hardness = 5-5.
Sp. Gr. = 3-256 of agranular variety from Pied-
mont, 3*342 of a compact variety from the Pays
de Vaud.

Before the blowpipe it melts with difficulty into a white
glass. According to Saussure and Klaproth, it con-
sists of

Silica 4900 4400.

Alumina 24-00 3000.

Lime 1000 4 00.

Magnesia , 3-75. Potash 0-25.

Qxide of Iron 6*50 12-50.

SCORODITE.

149

Oxide of Manganese 0-00
Soda 5-50
Loss 0-75

0 05.
G-00.
3-20.

Saussurite, or Jade, occurs in primitive mounta-'is, and
constitutes with several varieties of the species of parato-
mous and hemiprismatic Augite-spar, the rocks called gabbro
and eupliotide. It is found in large masses in the Monte
Rosa, and in its neighbourhood; in Corsica; in the Bacher
mountain in Lower Stiria, in Bayreuth, &c.

Skorodite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 547- Man. p. 329.
Martial Arseniate of Copper. Skorodite. Phill. p.
320. 321. Skorodit. Breithauft.

Prismatic. P = 115°6', 102° 1', 111°34'. Vol. I.
Fig. 9. Ap.

a : b s C 1 : V 1098 s V 0 792.

Simple forms. P — oo (fc) ; P — 1 = 134° 37',
126° 12? 40' ; P (P) ; (Pr + oo) 3 (d) =
60° 58' ; Pr + 1 (m) = 47° 59' ; Pr + oo ;
P r + oo (r).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Comb. 1. P — oo. P. Loling, Carinthia.

% P — oo. P. Pr+1. (Pr+oo) 3 . Pr+oo.

Fig. 19. Loling.
3. P — l. P. Pr + 1. (Pr+oo) 3 . Pr + oo.
Pr + oo. Saxony.

Cleavage. (Pr + oo) 3 imperfect, traces of Pr + oo
and of Pr + oo. Fracture uneven. Surface ;
P uneven and irregularly streaked parallel to its
own edges ; Pr+oo, partly also (Pr+oo)* in
a vertical direction. The rest of the faces com-
monly very smooth and even.

SCORODITE.

150

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to adamantine on the
surface, and to resinous in the interior. Colour
principally leek-green, which passes almost into
white, or also into olive-green and liver-brown.
Streak white. Semi-transparent translucent
on the edges.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 3*5 ... 4 0. Sp. Gr.
= 3162.

Before the blowpipe it emits an arsenical odour, and melts
into a reddish-brown scoria, which acts upon the magnet,
if it has been heated long enough to drive off all the arsenic.
According to Ficixus, it consists of

Arsenious Acid 31*40.

Sulphuric Acid 1*54.

Water 1800.

Protoxide of Iron, with Magne- \ 47.^
sia, Lime, and Manganese J
It occurs in primitive mountains at Schwarzenberg in
Saxony with prismatic Arsenical-pyrites, at Loling near
HUttenberg in Carinthia with axotomous Arsenical-pyri-
tes ; it is accompanied in the latter place also by octahedral
Bismuth and brachytypous Parachrose-baryte. Beautiful
specimens have lately been brought from Brazil. It occurs
in several of t|ie Cornish mines. The Martial Arseniate of
Ccpper from Cornwall seems to be merely a variety of the
Scorodite. It consists, according to Chenevix, of oxide
of copper 22-5, arsenic acid 33*5, oxide of iron 27*5, water
12*0, and silica 3*0.

SELENIURET OF COrP^ETt.

Cuivre seVnie'. Haut. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III. p. 460.
Seleniuret of Copper. Piiill. p. 304.

Massive ; also superficial upon fissures in rhombo-
hedral Lime-haloide.

si:iipR,\rixr..

151

Lustre metallic. Colour silver- white. Streak shin-
ing.

Soft. Malleable.

It acquires negative electricity by friction. It melts
easily upon charcoal into a grey malleable globule, giving
out a strong smell of selenium, and consists of selenium
and copper. It has been hitherto exclusively found in the
Slerickerum copper mine, in Sm aland in Sweden.

SERPENTINE.

Serpentine. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 292. Man. p. 36.
Serpentine. Phill. p. 97.

Prismatic. P = 1 39° 34', 105° 26', 88° 26'. Vol. I. .
Fig. 9. Ap.

a : b : c a 1 : */ 4-3 : *J 1*4.

Simple forms. P (P) ; (Pr) 3 (n) ; (Pr + ae>) 5
(d) = 82° 27 ; Pr (o) = 128° SV ; Pr + 1 (r)
= 92° 4'; £ r + oo (6).; Pr + oo (s).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Comb. 1. Pr. P. (Pr + cc)*. Pr -f oo. Pr+ »•
Sim. Fig. 25.
2. Pr. P. Pr + 1. (Pr) 3 . (Pr+oo) 5 . Pr-f-ao.
Pr + oo. Fig. 33.

Cleavage. Traces of Pr -f oo and of (Pr + od) 5 ,
apparent only in a strong light. Fracture flat
conchoidal, splintery, uneven. Surface, almost
dull, very little glistening, but rather even.

Lustre resinous, indistinct, low degrees of intensity.
Colour dark blackish- and leek-green, seldom
lighter shadesof oil-green and siskin-green colours,
none of them being bright ; they pass into yeU

152

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

lowish-grey. Streak white, acquires some lustre.

Translucent ... opake.
Sectile. Hardness = 3 0. Sp. Gr. = 2-507 of a
greenish-black crystallised variety ; = 2-56'0 of
an oil-green, translucent one.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition
granular, impalpable. Varieties of this kind pre-
sent also red, brown, black, yellow, and grey
colours, in different veined, spotted, and other deli-
neations. The purer varieties sometimes possess an
indistinct slaty structure.

The regular forms have been observed in a blackish-
green variety, the locality of which is unknown. Serpentine
is said to occur crystallised in the Tyrol. Imbedded crys-
tals, the prismatic form of which, however, is nearly obli-
terated, occur in the weisstein of Penig in Saxony. Ser-
pentine often contains crystals and grains of octahedral Iron-
ore, which must be well attended to, if we determine its
hardness and specific gravity.

Serpentine is generally divided into two subspecies, the
common and precious Serpentine, the latter of which again
comprises a conclwidal and a splintery kind, distinguished in
colour, fracture, and transparency. It hardens on being
exposed to fire, and melts only with great difficulty on
the edges. According to Johx, it consists of

Silica 42-50.

Magnesia 38*63.

Alumina 1*00.

Lime 0*25.

Oxide of Iron 1*60.
Oxide of Manganese 0-62.

Oxide of Chrome 0-25.

Water 15-20.

Serpentine forms mountain masses and beds in primitive

SILLIMANITE.

153

rocks, and frequently contains crystals, grains, or compound
nodules of various other species. Precious Serpentine, in
particular, is often mixed with granular limestone. The
different varieties of Serpentine are met with in Saxony,
Silesia, Austria, Hungary, Stiria, Italy, Corsica, Sweden,
in England-and Scotland, and other countries. It is turned
on the lathe into vases, and also worked into different or-
naments.

SILLIMANITE.
STAR.

Sillimanite. Bowen. Journ. of the Acad, of Sc. of Phila-
delphia. YoL III. p. 375.

Hemi-prismatic. It occurs crystallised in four-
sided prisms of about 106° 3(X, the inclination
of the base on the axis being 113°.

Cleavage parallel to the long diagonal of the prism.
Fracture, uneven, splintery. Surface often
rounded, the crystals themselves bent.

Lustre, considerable upon the single face of cleav-
age. Colour dark grey, passing into clove-brown.
Translucent on the edges.

Hardness, superior to quartz or even to topaz.
Brittle and easily reduced to powder. Sp. Gr.
= 3410. Electricity or magnetism none.

It was found by Bowen to contain

Alumina 54*111.

Silica 42-060.

Oxide of Iron 1-999.

Water 0-510.
It is infusible before the blowpipe, whether alone or with
borax, and is not acted upon by acids. It occurs in the

PSIYSlOCUAPIir.

town of Say brook, Connecticut, and was formerly consider-
ed as a variety of Anthopyllite. The analysis agrees ex-
actly with that of prismatic Disthene-spar by Klaprotii,
(Vol. II. p. 215.). No exact crystallographic description is
given, but the angle of 106° 30' is very near the incidence of
Pon AT, 106° 15', in that species, also the. specific gravity is
not much different, and the great hardness may perhaps
be accounted for by the want of a more general diffusion of
correct methods for ascertaining this property. Sillimanite is
therefore probably a variety of the prismatic Disthene-spar.

SOME It VIL LITE.

Somervillite. Brooke. Brande's Quarterly Journal. Vol.
XVI. p. 274.

Pyramidal. P = 134° 48', 65° 50'. Vol. I. Fig. 8.

BliOOKE.

a = V 0-419.

Simple forms. P — oo (P) ; P (a) ; P + oe> (d) ;
[P + oo] (M) ; (P + oo) 3 (e) = 126° 52' 12",
143° T 48".

Combination of all these forms, resembling Fig. 101 .,
having the apex, and the edges between g and
I replaced.

Cleavage, P — oo perfect, none observable parallel
to the axis.

Lustre more glassy in the cross fracture than that

of pyramidal Garnet. Colour pale dull yellow.
Hardness inferior to that of pyramidal Garnet.

It decrepitates before the blowpipe, and melts alone into
a grey coloured globule, with borax into a colourless one.
It occurs at Mount Vesuvius, associated with black mica
and other minerals.

SI'H.ERULITE.

155

SORDAWALITE.

Sordawalite. Nordenskiold. Edinb. Phi!. Journ. Vol. IX.
p. 162. Sordawalite. Phill, p. 210.

Massive : composition impalpable ; no trace of

cleavage. Fracture conchoidal.
Lustre vitreous, inclining to semi-metallic. Colour

greenish- or greyish-black. Opake.
Brittle. Hardness equal to that of glass. Sp. Gr.

= 2-530, Nordenskiold.

It becomes reddish by exposure to the atmosphere. Be-
fore the blowpipe it forms with difficulty a blackish glo-
bule. With a small quantity of soda it yields a blackish-
green globule; with a larger quantity a rough slaggy mass
is produced. Borax dissolves it into a green glass. It is
partly soluble in muriatic acid. Analysis by Nordenskiold :

Silica 40*40.

Alumina 13-80.

Peroxide of Iron 18-17.

Magnesia 10*67.

Phosphoric Acid 2-68.

Water 4-38.
It occurs near the town of Sordawala in Finland, in layers
from half an inch to an inch in thickness in a primitive rock.

SPH/ERULITE.

Sphnerulite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 545. Man. p. 330.
Sphcerulite. Phill. p. 209.

Imbedded spheroidal masses. Surface of some
of them smooth, of others rough. Composition
columnar ... impalpable. In the latter case the
fracture even, splintery.

Colour various shades of brown and grey. Trans-*
lucent on the edges ... opake.

156

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Brittle. Hard (it scratches quartz slightly, Breit-
haupt). Sp. Gr. = 2-52 from Spechtshausen ;
— 2-40 from Hungary, Breithaupt.

Before the blowpipe it is almost infusible, only the edges
become covered with a sort of enamel. It is said to be
very nearly related to obsidian in respect to its composi-
tion. It occurs at Glashutte near Schemnitz in Hungary,
imbedded in pearlstone, and at Spechtshausen near Tharand
in Saxony, imbedded in pitchstone, both varieties of em.
pyrodox Quartz. It was first distinguished by Mr Breit-
haupt.

SPINELLANE,

Spinellane. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 549. Man. p. 331.
Spinellane. Phill. p. 127.

Tessular form, the dodecahedron, sometimes com-
bined with the hexahedron. Phill. Grains.
Cleavage, the dodecahedron, imperfect. Fracture
conchoidai, uneven.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour
greyish-black, passing into ash-grey and brown.
Sometimes a whitish play of light parallel to the
faces of the hexahedron. Translucent ... opake.

Hardness = 5-5 ... 60. Sp. Gr. = 2-282.

Before the blowpipe it is infusible, whether alone or
with additions. According to Klaproth, it consists of

Silica 43-00.
Alumina 29*50.
Lime 1*60.
Soda 1000.
Oxide of Iron 2-00.
Sulphur 1'00.
Water 2*50.

STEATITE OR SOAPSTONE. 157

It occurs on the shores of the lake of Laach, along with
prismatic Feld-spar, heini-piismatic Augite-spar, octahedral
Iron-ore, &c. It resembles pitchstone when broken, and
according to the observations of Dr Brewster, also in its
structure, when examined in thin splinters by a powerful
microscope. The name of JVosin has been given to it, in
honour of Mr Nose, its first discoverer.

STEATITE OR SOAPSTONE.

Steatite or Soapstone. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 255. Man.
p. 125. Soap-stone. Pjiill. p. 118.

Crystals, chiefly of the rhombohedral system, and
among these particularly such as resemble varieties
of rhombohedral Quartz, and macrotypous Lime-
haloide, the nature of which is as yet problematic.
The crystals are found imbedded in the massive
varieties of the same mineral. Massive ; compo-
sition impalpable, fracture uneven, splintery.

Colour generally white, passing into grey, green,
yellow, red. Streak having a faint resinous lustre.
Translucent on the edges.

Perfectly sectile. Feels greasy. Does not adhere
to the tongue. Soft ... very soft. Sp. Gr. =
2 604 ... 2-632, Breithaupt.

Before the blowpipe it is very difficultly fusible, and only
partly vitrified. According to Klaproth, it consists of

From Baircuth. From Cornwall

Silica 50-50

45 00.

Magnesia 30*50

24-75.

Alumina 000

9-25.

Oxide of Iron 2-50

1-00.

Water 5-50

1800.

15S

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

It is met with at Wunsiedel and Gopfersgrun in Bai-
reuth, in the Lizard district in Cornwall, in Saxony, in
Piedmont, in Sweden, in China, &c, most commonly in
veins, but also sometimes in imbedded irregular masses in
serpentine.

STILPNOSIDER1TE.
ORE.

Stilpnosiderite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 549. Man. p. 331.
Stilpnosiderite. Phill. p. 227.

Small reniform and irregular dendritic shapes, mas-
sive. Composition impalpable. Fracture rather
perfectly conchoidal.

Lustre resinous. Colour brownish-black, blackish-
brown. Streak yellowish-brown. Feebly trans-
lucent on the edges opake.

Brittle. Hardness = 4*5. Sp. Gr. = 3*611, a re-
niform variety.

Before the blowpipe it becomes black, but is infusible.
With borax it yields a dark olive-green glass, but is not
melted itself. According to Vauquelin and Ullmaxn,
it consists of

Oxide of Iron 80-25 80-50.

Silica 3-75 2-25.

Water 15-00 16-00.

Oxide of Manganese 0-00 a trace.
From the observations of Mr Freiesleben, relative to
the process of smelting this ore, it appears that it also con-
tains phosphoric acid.

It occurs at Scheibenberg and Raschau in Saxony, in
the county of Henneberg, in Thuringia, in Nassau, in the
Hartz, &c.

Stilpnosiderite is generally considered as a variety of
prismatic Iron-ore ; it possesses a stronger lustre, from
which property the name has been derived.

SULPHATE OF POTASH.

159

STROM KITE.

Bary-Strontianite or Stromnite. Traill. Trans. Roy.
Soc. Edinb. VoL IX. P. 1. p. 81. Piijll. p. 187-

Massive : composition thin columnar, and shewing
traces of crystallisation.

Colour yellowish-white internally ; on the outside,
where it appears to be disintegrated, it is greyish-
white. Lustre inclining to pearly, faint. Trans-
lucent.

Brittle. Hardness =r 3-5. Scratches calc-spar,
but not fluor-spar. Sp. Gr. = 3*703, Tea ill.

According to Dr Traill, it contains

Carbonate of Strontia CS-0.
Sulphate of Baryta 27*5.
Carbonate of Lime 2 <>.
Oxide of Iron 01.
It effervesces with acids, but is infusible before the blow-
pipe. 1 1 occurs in veins along with hexahedral Lead-glance,
in a kind of clay-slate at Stromness in Orkney.

SULPHATE OF POTASH.
SALT.

Potasse sulfatee. Hauy. Traite\ 2de Ed. T. II. p. 187-

Prismatic. P = 131° 15', 112° 3^, 87° 34\ Vol. I.
Fig. 9. A p.

a : b : c = 1 : J 306 t J 1*69.
Simple forms. P — oo ; P (P) ; P + od == 106° 46' ;
(Pr)* (a) ; (f r + od) 3 (d) = 67° 52' ; P r (o)
= 120° 29'; |fr + 2=r60°3(y; f r + oo (p) j
(Pr + oo) (s).

1G0

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. Pr. Pr + oo. Pr + a>. (Pot. sulf.
prismatique. Hauy.)

2. P. (Pr+oo) 3 . (Pot. sulf. chdkaedrc. Hauy.)
Sim. Fig' 7. without s.

3. Pr. P. (Pr) 3 . P + oo. (Pr + oo)3. p r + <x>.
Pr-foo. Sim. Fig. 30., the edges between
d and s being replaced by the faces of P -f oo.

There is almost always regular composition paral-
lel to one or both faces of Pr.
Cleavage, very indistinct, parallel to Pr and
Pr -f- qd, the latter a little more apparent ; Traces
of Pr -f- oo. Fracture imperfect conchoidal ...
uneven. Surface; (fr+oc) 3 , and partly also
P + oo irregularly streaked parallel to their com-
mon edges of combination ; the rest of the faces
smooth.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour
white, yellowish or greyish, sometimes superfi-
cially greenish or blueish. Streak white, a little
shining. Transparent ... translucent.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3 0. Sp. Gr.
== 1 731 . Taste saline and bitter, disagreeable.

Its chemical formula is K S* 2 , according to Berzelius,
corresponding to

Sulphuric Acid 45*93.

Potash 54*07.
Tt occurs at Mount Vesuvius. The regular forms of
this salt have been likewise ascertained to belong to the
prismatic system,!*}' Dr Brewster, and by Messrs Brooke
and Levy.

TENNANTITE.

161

TENNANTITE.
GLANCE.

Tennantite. Jam. Syst. VoL III. p. 563. Man. p. 332.
Tennantite. Phill. p. 304.

Semi-tessular, with inclined faces. Combinations
similar to Fig. 158 ... 161 ; often in regular
compositions, according to the law of Fig. 164.
Cleavage dodecahedron, imperfect. Sometimes
massive, composition granular ... impalpable.
Fracture uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
reddish-grey. Opake.

Brittle. Scratches prismatic and tetrahedral copper-
glance, W. Phill. Sp. Gr. =- 4 375, R. Phill.

The existence of the regular composition is most easily
ascertained by the stria; upon the faces of the hexahedron,
which are parallel to the edges of combination with one of
the tetrahedrons.

Before the blowpipe Tennantite decrepitates a little, and
burns with a blue flame, emitting copious arsenical vapours,
and melting at last into a black scoria, which affects the
magnetic needle. According to Mr E. Phillips, it con-
sists of

Copper 45-32.

Arsenic 11*84.

Iron 9*20.

Sulphur 28*74.

Silica 5-00.
It occurs in several of the Cornish copper mines, in veins
traversing granite and clay-slate, and is accompanied by
several ores of copper.

vol. lit

1G2

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

THOMSOKITE.
KOUPHONE-SPAn.

Thomsonite. Brooke. Ann. of Phil. Vol. XVI. p. 19?.
Thomson. Ibid. p. 408. Phill. p. 39.

Prismatic. P + oo =r 90° 40', Bkooke. Crystals
elongated in the direction of the axis, having
the apices engaged. Massive : composition co-
lumnar, radiating from common centres.

Cleavage, parallel to Pr + oo, and Pr -f oc, form-
ing a rectangular four-sided prism, very easily
obtained. Fracture uneven. Surface smooth.

Lustre vitreous, much inclining to pearly. Colour
white. Transparent ... translucent.

Brittle. Hardness = 5 0. Sp. Gr. =r 237, Brooke.

According to Thomson and Berzelius, it consists of

Silica

36-80

38-30.

Alumina

31*36

30-20.

Lime

15-40

1354.

Soda

0-00

4-53.

Magnesia

0-20

0-40.

Peroxide of Iron

0*60

000.

Water

1300

1310.

It intumesces before the blowpipe, and becomes snow-white
and opakc, but does not melt. It occurs with a?totomous
Triphane-spar, in the trap-rocks of KHpatrick, near Dum-
barton in Scotland.

THULITE.

SPAH.

Thulite. Brooke. Crystal' ogrophy, p. 494. Pinia. p-fcl 1

Cleavage, parallel to the sides of a rhombic prism
of 92° 30' and 87° 30'.

TIX-PY RITES.

163

Colour rose-red. Streak greyish-white.
Scratched by quartz, and yielding to the knife
with difficulty.

This mineral is Very imperfectly described, as all the
properties given do not suffice, if it be a particular species,
to distinguish it from the Manganese-spar, at least by cha-
racters derived from the descriptions of the two substances.
. It occurs at Tellemarken in Norway with rhombohedral
Quartz, octahedral Fluor-haloide, and Cyprine, which is
said to be a cupriferous variety of pyramidal Garnet.

TIN-PYRITES.

GLANCE.

Tin-Pyrites. Jam. Svst. Vol. III. p. 325. Man. p. 332.
Tin Pyrites. Sulphuret of Tin. Phill. p. 254-

Form probably tessular. Massive : composition

granular, strongly coherent. Fracture uneven,

imperfect conchoidal.
Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey, inclining to

yellow. Streak black. Opake.
Brittle. Hardness = 40. Sp. Gr. = 4-350,

Kxaproth.

In the collections of Mr Rashleigh of Menabilly, and
Mr Williams of Scorrier, crystals of Tin-pyrites are
preserved, having apparently the form of regular hexahe-
drons, but their surface is dull. The traces of cleavage,
sometimes observed in massive varieties, seem likewise to
be parallel to this form, and at the same time parallel to
the dodecahedron.

Before the blowpipe sulphur is driven off, and the mine-
ral melts into a blackish scoria, without yielding a metallic
button. It is soluble in nitro-muriatic acid, during which

164

PHYSIOGRAPHY

the sulphur is precipitated. According to Klaprotii,
it consists of

Tin 3400.
Copper 36-00.
Iron 2*00.
Sulphur 25*00.
It is found near St Agnes in Cornwall, with pyramidal
Copper-pyrites, dodecahedral Garnet-blende, &c.

TORREL1TE.
Torrelite. Renwiok. Ann. of Phil.

No description.

The analysis by Professor Ren wick gives
Silica - 32-60.
Peroxide of Cerium 12-32.
Protoxide of Iron 21-00.
Alumina 3*68.
Lime 24 08.

Water 3-50.
It occurs in Sussex county, New Jersey.

TRONA.

SALT.

For Synonymes, vide Vol. II. p. 27. Trona. Haidinger,
Edinb. Journ. of Science. Vol. II. p. 325.

Hemi-prismatic. Combinations observed resem-
bling Fig. 75., without r. Inclination of M on
T = 103° 15', of n on«, adj. = 132° 30', nearly.

Cleavage highly perfect, parallel to M, traces par-
allel to T and n. Fracture uneven. Surface,
T often striated parallel to its edges of combi-
nation with M.

Lustre vitreous. Colour white, sometimes yellow-

TUNGSTATE OF LEAD.

165

ish. Streak white. Transparent ... translucent.
Index of refraction, ord. = 1-43., extr. 1-52.
Hardness = 2 5 ... SO. Sp. Gr. = 2 112.

Compound Varieties. Thin columnar composi-
tions of crystals lengthened between M and T;
fracture radiated, owing to the longitudinal distinct
face of cleavage.

The analysis of this mineral by Klaproth has been given
above, Vol. II. p. 29., agreeing with Berzelius formula
Na C 3 + 4 Aq, or 37 -99 of soda, 40-15 carbonic acid, and
21*86 of water. It does not melt in its water of crystalli-
sation, and is not altered by the influence of the atmo-
sphere. It is formed on the banks of the natron lakes in
Sukena, a province of the kingdom of Fezzan in Africa, in
the shape of crystalline coats, and occurs also on the surface
of the earth. It is exported from thence in considerable
quantities under the name of Trona. The natural carbon-
ate of soda from the lake of Merida in Columbia, probably
also belongs to this species.

TUNGSTATE OF LEAD.
BARYTE.

Tungstate of Lead. Phill. p. 350.

Probably pyramidal. Crystals acute four-sided
pyramids and prisms in parallel position, contrac-
ted at the ends, and aggregated in bunches.

Lustre resinous. Colour yellowish-grey. Faintly
translucent.

Before the blowpipe it melts and gives off vapours of
lead, leaving a crystalline globule of a dark colour and met-
allic aspect, which yields a pale grey powder. "When the
lead has been driven off, it yields with borax a yellow

166

PHYS10GH A.PH V.

globule, transparent and dark red on cooling, and with salt
of phosphorus, at a certain degree of saturation, a blue one
in the reducing flame. It occurs at Zinnwald in Saxony,
associated with rhombohedral Quartz and Mica, and was
first noticed as a particular species, and subjected to a che-
mical examination by Messrs Breithaupt and Lam-
pad i us.

TURNERITE.

Turnerite. Levy. Ann. of PhiL XVIII. p. 241, Phill.
p. 382.

Hemi-prismatic. Combinations having the general
appearance of the crystal of prismatic Azure-ma-
lachite, represented Fig. 66.

Measurements of the angles, according to Levy and
Phillifs :

M on M (over i) = 96° W. hone =1 42° 29'.

g on g (over i) - 131° SO*. c on a = 92*55'.

M on x — 140° 5C. h on a — 124° 36'.

h on M (over x) = 80* 20' t a' on x = 143° 30'.
h on M(qvqt k) = 99° 40'. /* on A s 133° 50'.
There are moreover five prisms indicated in the situation
of i% whose edges, contiguous to the face //, are 130° 34',
98' 50', 94*44', 90* 0', and 55° 36' j the first and third
have been observed by Mr Levy, the other three by Mr
Phillips.

Cleavage parallel to both diagonals of the prism re-
sulting from the enlargement of the faces M>
one of them more perfect.

Lustre nearly adamantine. Colour several shades
of yellow, often inclining to brown. Streak
white, sometimes greyish. Transparent . . . trans-
lucent.

VAUaUKLIN'ITK.

107

Scratches fluor pretty readily, but yields to the
knife.

According to the experiments of Air Children, it con-
sists chieriy of alumina, lime, magnesia, and a little iron,
but very little silica, and no titanium. It was formerly
confounded with prismatic Titanium-ore, but is said to have
afterwards been distinguished from it under the name of
Pictite. Its locality is Mount Sorel in Dauphiny, where
it is accompanied by rhombohedral Quartz, prismatic Feld-
spar, Albite, Crichtonite, and pyramidal Titanium-ore.

VAUQUELINITE.
MALACHITE ?

Vauquelinit. Leonh. S. 248. Vauquelinite. Chromate
of Lead and Copper. Phill. p. 350.

Hemi prismatic. Minute crystals, nearly resem-
bling Fig. 59., with the obtuse edges oa re-
placed, compressed between P and P, and join-
ed in regular compositions, parallel to a plane,
which passes through the crystals in the direc-
tion of ee, and intersects the acute lateral edges.
Inclination of P on P\ from the other indivi-
dual, nearly = 134° 30'; of the edge oa, or its
replacement, on P, about 149°.

Fracture uneven. Surface, P smooth and even,
the rest of the faces a little curved.

Lustre adamantine, often faint. Colour blackish-
green, olive-green. Streak siskin-green, often
inclining to brown. Faintly translucent, with a
fine olive-green lint, opake.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3 0. Sp. Gr.
= 5-5 ... 5-78, Leonhard.

168

PHYSIOGRAPHY

Compound Varieties. Botryoidal, reniform,
massive : composition generally impalpable, sur-
face drusy or rough, fracture imperfect and flat
conchoidal, lustre faint resinous.

Alone before the blowpipe it inturaesces a little, and
then froths and melts into a greyish globule, giving at the
same time some globules of lead. In the oxidating flame a
small quantity effervesces with, and imparts a green colour
to borax and salt of phosphorus, which remains transpa-
rent on cooling ; but in the reducing flame the globule
turns red and transparent, or red and opake, or finally
black, according to the quantity of the mineral employed.
According to Berzelius, it consists of

Oxide of Lead G0-87.

Oxide of Copper 10*80.

Chromic Acid 28-33.
It occurs at Beresof in Siberia, along with hemi-prisraa-
tic and rhombohedral L-ead-baryte, and has been quoted
also from Brazil, where it likewise accompanies the hemi-
prismatic Lead-baryte.

VELVET-BLUE COPPER.
MALACHITE ?

Velvet-Blue Copper. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 320. Man.
p. 332.

Short capillary crystals, in velvety druses and
coatings.

Lustre pearly. Colour bright smalt-blue. Trans-
lucent.

It has been found lining drusy cavities in prismatic Iron-
ore, only at Moldawa in the Bannat of Temeswar, accom-
panied by several ores of copper. This rare substance is
very imperfectly known, and also its chemical composition
has not been ascertained.

v

WAVE L LITE

169

WAGNEEITE.
Wagnerit. Fuchs. Schweiggers Journal. Vol. III. p. 269.

Hemi-prismatic. Horizontal projection of a crystal
represented Fig. 197* ; a is not a right angle,
by k, and g, if enlarged, would produce parallel
edges of combination.

Lustre vitreous. Colour several shades of yellow,
sometimes nearly orange-yellow, often inclining
to grey. Streak white. • Translucent.

Hardness — 5 0 ... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 311, Fuchs.

It has been analysed by Fuchs, who found it to con-
sist of

Phosphoric Acid 41*73.

Fluoric Acid 6*50.

Magnesia 4666.

Oxide of Iron 5*00.

Oxide of Manganese 0-50.
The only locality of "VVagnerite known at present, is the
valley called Hb'llgraben near Werfen in Salzburg, where
it occurs in short and irregular veins of rhombohedral
Quartz in clay-slate.

WAVELLITE.
HALOIDE.

Wavellite. Jam. Syst. Vol. I. p. 389. Man. p. 333. Wa-
vellite. Subphosphate of Aluniine. Phill. p. 146.

Prismatic. Pr = 107° 26'. P + oo = 122° 15',
Phill. Cleavage, P + oo and Pr + oo, perfect.

* I have been indebted for this drawing to Dr Gustavcs
Rose, who first ascertained the crystal to which it refers in
the possession of Mr Heulakd, to be "Wagnerite. II.

170

PHYSIOfJRA PHY,

Implanted globules ; composition thin columnar.
Surface drusy*
Lustre of the faces of cleavage intermediate between
pearly and vitreous. Colour white, passing into
several shades of green, grey, brown, and black.
Translucent.

Hardness = 3 5 ... 4 0. Sp. Gr. = 2-337, of the
variety from Barnstaple.

Before the blowpipe it loses its lustre and transparency,
but does not melt. With boracic acid and iron wire, it
yields a globule of pbosphuret of iron. It consists, accord-
ing to Fucus and Berzelius, of

Alumina

37-20

35-35.

Phosphoric Acid

3512

33-40.

Fluoric Acid

000

206.

Liime

0-00

0-50,

Oxide of Iron and Manganese

000

1-25.

Water

2800

26-80.

It occurs at Barnstaple in Devonshire, in small veins in
clay -slate ; at St Austle in Cornwall, in veins traversing
granite, accompanied by octahedral Fluor-haloide, pyrami-
dal Tin-ore, pyramidal Copper-pyrites, &c. ; in the Shiant
isles in Scotland ; at Zbirow near Beraun in Bohemia, in
a kind of sandstone; at Amberg in the Upper Palatinate,
with prismatic Iron-ore, &c. ; in fine varieties near Cork in
Ireland, and in Brazil.

WITHA^ITE.

AUGITE-SPAR.

Withamite. Brewster. Edin. Journ. of Science. Vol. II.
p. 218.

Hemi-prismatic. Minute crystals observed similar
to Fig. 75, lengthened between M and T<> aggre-

YELLOW TELLURIUM.

171

gated in globular masses, radiating from their
centres. Inclination of r on T — 126° Z(Y 9
of M on T = 116° 4C, nearly, Brewster.

w

Lustre vitreous. Colour carmine-red and pale
straw-yellow, in two different directions, perpen-
dicular to each other, and to the lengthened
prisms. Streak white. Translucent.

Brittle. Hardness s= 60 ... G-5. Sp, Gr. = 8-137,
Turner.

Before the blowpipe it intumesces, but fuses only with
difficulty into a dark greenish-grey scoria. Salt of phos-
phorus dissolves it with effervescence into a globule, which
contains a skeleton of silica, and becomes opake on cooling
It shews nearly the same reactions as the Epidote from
Arendal, with which it likewise agrees in most of its other
properties. This mineral is named in compliment to Mr
Witham, who discovered it in Glencoe in Scotland, in a
reddish trap-rock.

YELLOW TELLURIUM.

Yellow Gold-Glance, or Yellow Tellurium. Jam. Syst.
Vol. III. p. [VJ9. Yellow Tellurium. Thill, p. 320.

Prismatic. Combination similar to Fig. 14., having
the edges between p and p y between P and P,
and between M and M replaced. Inclination
of the edge y on the edge y = 74° 30' ; of p on
p (adj.) = 73° 40', of M on M = 143°, ofp on
M = 123° 30', Brooke.

Imbedded crystalline laminae. Traces of cleavage.
Fracture uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour silver-white, much inclin-
ing to brass-yellow. Opake.

172 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Kathcr brittle. Soft, Breithaupt. Sp. Gr. =
10-678, Mulleji von Reichenstein.

Before the blowpipe it melts into a metallic globule, and
emits a pungent odour. It is soluble in nitric acid, and
consists, according to Klaproth, of

Tellurium 44-75.

Gold 2675.

Lead 19*50.

Silver 8-50.

Sulphur 0-50.
As yet it is only known from Nagyag in Transylvania,
where it occurs with prismatic Tellurium-glance, hexahedral
Glance-blende, macrotypous Parachrose-baryte, &c. in veins
traversing porphyry.

YTTRO- CERITE.

Yttro-cerite. Jam. Syst Vol. III. p. 566. Man. p. 334.
Yttrocerite. Phjll. p. 265.

Massive. Composition granular, strongly coherent,

impalpable. Fracture uneven.
Colour violet-blue, inclining to grey and white ;

sometimes white on the surface. Opake.
Scratches octahedral Fluor-haloide, and is scratched

by rhombohedral Quartz, Berzelius. Sp. Gr. =

3-447, Berzelius.

Before the blowpipe it loses its colour, and becomes
white before it glows, but is infusible by itself. With sul-
phate of lime it melts into a globule, which becomes white
on cooling. According to Berzelius, it consists of

Lime 47-63 50-00.

Fluoric Acid 25-05 25*45.

Yttria 911 8-10.

Oxide of Cerium 18 22 16*45.

YTTKO TAKTALITE.

173

It occurs at Finbo and Broddbo, near Fahlun in Sweden,
along with Albite and rhombohedral Emerald, and is im-
bedded in rhombohedral Quartz.

YTTRO-TAMTALITE.
ORE.

Yttro-Tantalite. Jam. Syst. Vol. III. p. 177- Yttro-
columbite. Phill. p. 271.

i. Slack Vttro-tantalUc,

Indistinct traces of crystallisation. Fracture lamel-
lar in one direction, coarse granular in another.
Disseminated, seldom of the size of a hazelnut.

Imperfect metallic lustre. Opake. Colour black.
Streak grey.

Brittle. Scratches glass. Sp. Gr. = 5-395, Ber-
zelius.

ii. Yellow Yttro-tantaMte.

No trace of crystallisation. It is found between
felspar in the state of lamellae, seldom in grains
not exceeding the size of a pepper corn. The
longitudinal fracture of the lamella? is foliated,
the cross fracture fine grained.

Lustre resinous on the surface, vitreous in the
fracture. Colour yellowish-brown, accidentally
with green spots or stripes. Streak white . . . opake.

Scratches glass with difficulty, but is very distinctly
scratched by it. Sp. Gr. = 5-882, Eckeberg.

iii. Dark Yttro~tantdliic.

No trace of crystallisation. Occurs with the pre-
ceding, commonly in thin lamina?, seldom in

174

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

grains. ■ Fracture conchoidal in one direction,
fine grained in another.
Lustre intermediate between vitreous and resinous.
Colour black, inclining but little to brown.
Streak white. Very small fragments are trans-
lucent, almost colourless, sometimes a little yel-
lowish.

Hardness equal to that of the yellow variety.

From the analysis of these different kinds, Berzelius
obtained the following results :

Black. YeRo&. Dark.

Oxide of Tantalum 57-00 59-50— 60-124 51-815.
Yttria 20-25 24-90—29780 38 515.

Lime 6*25 3-29— 0-500 3-260.

Oxide of Uranium 0-50 8-23 6-C22 1-111.

Tungstic Acid with Tin 8-25 pure 1-26— 1-044 2-592.
Oxide of Iron 3-50 2-72— 1-155 0-555.

These three kinds have been discovered and described by
Berzelius in the AfhanMngar i Fysik, &c, Vol. IV.
p. 268. By themselves they are all infusible before
the blowpipe ; but they decrepitate and acquire a lighter
colour. The black Yttro-tantalite froths and melts with
soda, but not the others. Borax dissolves them and forms a
yellowish glass, which easily loses its transparency. They
are not acted upon by acids.

The different kinds of Yttro-tantalite occur at Ytterby,
and in the neighbourhood of Fahlun in Sweden.

2EAGONITE.
GEM.

Abrazite. Zeagonite. Gismondine. Phill. p. 11. Gis-
mondin. Leo>'H. S. 045.

Pyramidal. P = 122° 54', 85° Vol. I. Pig. 8
Bkooke. Combination observed, P. P + gc.

ZEAC ON: IT 8,

175

Cleavage imperfect parallel to P -f oo. Surface, P
frequently rounded, P + oo smooth, and though
generally very small, yet possessing high degrees
of lustre. Fracture conchoidal.

Lustre adamantine. Colour pale smalt- blue, milk-
white, pearl-grey, and rose- red. Translucent, in
small crystals nearly transparent.

Hardness = 7 0 ... 7*5.

According to Carpi, it consists of

Silica 4 1 '4.

Lime 48*6.

Alumina 2-5.

Magnesia 1*5.

Oxide of Iron 2*5.
It phosphoresces before the blowpipe, and becomes friable,
but is infusible. It gelatinises with acids, without effer-
vescence. It occurs along with white octahedrons of oc-
tahedral Fluor-haloide, with prismatic Feld-spar and other
species in the drusy cavities of a volcanic rock at Capo di
Bove near Rome. In all its characters, Zeagonite is most
nearly alLied to pyramidal Zircon, as a variety of which it
has often been considered, the difference of the angles given
by Mr Brooke being only 0° 25' on the terminal edges, and
0° 42' on the lateral edges of the fundamental pyramid.
Also the refraction is very considerable, and approaches
near that of the same species. Pyramidal Zircon will
therefore make an interesting point of comparison with
the Zeagonite, in future examinations of this mineral. It
is evident that the mineral, of which Mr Phillips has
given the angle at the base of the four-sided pyramid s
90* ZW> and which is said to yield to the nail, must be an-
other species than that described above, the angles of which
have been ascertained by Mr Brooke. The name of
AbrazU? is sometimes applied to a mineral, which seems to
be a variety of paratomous Kouphone-spar (VoL ii. p. 229.)-

1?G

rHYSIOGBAPHY.

ZUItLITE.

Zurlite. Phill. p. 212. Zurlit. Leonh. p. 663.

Form, rectangular four-sided prisms, lengthened in

the direction of the axis, and having sometimes

their lateral edges replaced.
Cleavage indistinct. Fracture conchoidal. Surface

rough, generally covered with a white coating,

sometimes convex.
Lustre resinous. Colour asparagus-green. Streak

said to be pearl-grey.
Hardness about 6 0. Sp. Gr. = 3-274.

It is infusible before the blowpipe, but yields with borax
a black glass. Nitric acid dissolves it, partly with effer-
vescence, and assumes a yellow colour.

Zurtite has been discovered and described as above, by
Hemondini, in the Memoirs of the Academy of Naples.

APPENDIX II.

MINERALS, WHICH WILL PROBABLY NEVER FORM DISTINCT
SPECIES IN THE MINERAL SYSTEM.

ADHESIVE SLATE*

Adhesive Slate. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. GS. Man. p. 476.
Adhesive Slate. Phill. p. 50.

Massive : composition impalpable. Principal frac-
ture slaty, more and less perfect. Cross fracture
even, flat conchoidal.

Colour yellowish-grey, passing into white and smoke-
grey. A little shining in the streak. Feebly
translucent on the edges.

Sectile. Adheres strongly to the tongue, feels a
little greasy, and is very soft. Sp. Gr. = 2 086,
Klaproth.

It absorbs water with great avidity, but does not fall
to pieces. On being exposed to a red heat, it becomes
brown ish-red, and loses in weight. It consists, according
to Klaproth and Lampadius, of

Silica

CG-50

3080.

Alumina

7-00

0-00.

Magnesia

1-50

2800.

Lime

1*25

0-80.

Oxide of Iron

2*50-

11-20.

VOL. III. M

178

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Carbonic Acid 0*00 27 00.
Water 1900 0-30.

It occurs at Menil Montant, and Montmartre near Paris.

ALUM-SLATE.

Alum-Slate. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 276. Man. p. 443.
Alum-Slate. Phill. p. 40.

Massive. Spheroidal shapes. Composition im-
palpable. Principal fracture imperfectly slaty ;
cross fracture earthy.

Nearly dull. Colour intermediate between greyish-
ancl blueish-black. Streak black, acquires
some lustre. Opake.

Not very brittle. Intermediate between semi. hard

: and soft. Sp. Gr. == 2-339 ... 2-588, Kirwan.

Alum-slate has been divided into two kinds, common and
glossy alum-slate. - The latter differs from the former only
by fissures having a higher degree of a somewhat metallic
lustre, which traverse it in a direction nearly parallel to
that of the slaty structure. Alum-slate seems to be close-
ly connected with clay-slate.

Exposed to the fire, it burns and becomes blueish-grey.
It occurs in particular beds between clay-slate and grey-
wacke-slate, near Iteichenbach in Saxony, also at Reussisch.
Ebersdoif, in the valley of the Saale, in several places in
the forest of Thuringia, in the Palatinate, in Bohemia, &c. ;
and is used in manufacturing alum and sulphate of iron.
The mineral called Alum-carili is in a closer relation to
vSlate-clay (Vol. III. p. 181.) and to Earthy Coal (Vol. III.
p. tii>.)-

BITUMINOUS SHALE.

Bituminous Shale. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 03. Bitumi-
nous Marie. Phill. p. 150.

BOLE.

179

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture rather
thin and straight, slaty.

Faintly glimmering. Colour brownish-black and
blackish-brown. Streak shining, with a resinous
lustre. Opake.

Rather sectile, feels very little greasy. Interme-
diate between soft and very soft. Sp. Gr. =
1-995, Kirwan.

According to Werner, it is slate-clay with a small por-
tion of bitumen. It occurs at Wehrau in Lusatia, also in
the neighbourhood of Elbogen in Bohemia, in the Tyrol,
in great quantities in Thuringia, and in many other coun-
tries, with different varieties of clay, and with coal.

BOLE.

Bole. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 86. Man. p. 314. Bole.
Phill. p. 53.

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture per-
fectly conchoidal, sometimes rather flat.

Faintly glimmering ... dull. Colour brown, yellow,
and red. Streak shining, resinous. Feebly
translucent on the edges ... opake.

Rather sectile. Adheres to the tongue, feels greasy,
and is very soft, sometimes approaching to soft.
Sp. Gr. = 1*600, Klaproth ; = 1 977, Breit-

HAUPT.

If thrown into water, it emits a crackling noise and falls
into powder. It occurs in irregular beds or disseminated
masses hi waclce, trapp-tuff, &c, and is found at Striegau in
Silesia, at Scheibenberg in Saxony, the Habichtswald in
Hessia, in Thuringia, Tuscany, &c.

ISO PIIYSIOGltAI'HV.

CLAYSTONK.
Claystone. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. CO.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture un-
even, flat conchoidal, sometimes inclining to
slaty.

Colour, different shades of grey and red, none of

them bright. Opake.
Not particularly brittle. Does not adhere to the

tongue ; feels meagre. Sometimes semi-hard,

sometimes soft, or even very soft. Sp. Gr. =

2 210, Karsten.

Claystone appears to be the residue of the crystalline
formation of several kinds of rock, particularly of por-
phyry ; hence its characters are so very different in dif-
ferent specimens, and it seems to exhibit so many passages
to other minerals, of which in reality not one is existing.
It forms the base of several varieties of porphyry, such as
are called clay- or claystone-porpbyry, and occurs in va-
rious parts of Saxony, as at Chemnitz, Grumbach, also in
veins at Frauenstein, Marienberg, Klingenberg, &c.

COMMON CLAY.

Common Clay. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 57« Pipe-clay.
Potter's Clay. Loam. Phill. p. 55. 56.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture un-
even, fine earthy in the small ; more or less per-
fectly slaty.

Dull. Colour white, grey, brown, red, yellow, Sec,
sometimes in striped, veined, or spotted delinea-
tions. Streak more or less shining.

Sectile. Adheres more or less strongly to the

DRAWING SLATE OR. BLACK CHALK. 181

tongue. Feels more or less greasy. Soft, some-
times approaching to friable. Not particularly
heavy, passing into light. Sp. Gr. of earthy
Potters Clay = 1-800 ... 2000, Kirwan ;
= 2 085, Karsten ; Slate-clay = 2-600 ...
2-680, Kirwan; = 2-636, Karsten.

Common Clay has been divided into Loam, Potter's Clay,
Variegated Clay, and Slate-Clay ; and Potter's clay again
into earthy and slaty ; which division rests either upon par-
ticular, though accidental properties, or upon the employ-
ment made of the varieties.

Clay is a mixture of decomposed minerals, and hence it
is little constant in its composition. Several varieties
6often in water, and allow themselves to be kneaded and
formed into moulds, a property to which they owe their
well known employment. Some are easily fusible, others
refractory ; some acquire particular tints of colour, others
lose theirs, and become white when exposed to a strong
heat ; upon all of which properties their applicability
depends. They occur in beds near the surface of the
earth, or covered by the soil in the formations of brown and
black coal. In the latter they very often contain remains
of vegetables, and are called slate-clay, which is intimately
related to bituminous shale and alum-earth.

The appropriate varieties of clay are of various import-
ant applications in pottery, in manufacturing stone-ware
and porcelain, in constructing furnaces for metallurgic ope-
rations, &c.

DRAWING SLATE OR BLACK CHALK.

Drawing-Slate or Black Chalk. Jam. Syst. Vol. II.
p. 273. Man. p. 443. Black Chalk. Phill. p. 55.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Principal frac-

182 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

ture rather imperfectly slaty, cross fracture fine
earthy.

Faint glimmering in the principal fracture, dull in
the cross fracture. Colour intermediate between
greyish- and blueish-black. Retains the colour
in the streak, and acquires a higher degree of
lustre. Opake.

Sectile. Soils more or less, and writes. Adheres
a little to the tongue, feels fine and rather
meagre, and is very soft. Sp. Gr. = #-114,
Kirwan; = 21S6, Brisson.

Exposed to fire it loses its black colour, and becomes
reddish or reddish-grey. Before the blowpipe it yields a
white glass, according to Link. The variety from Bay-
reuth has been found by Wieoleb to consist of

Silica 64-50.

Alumina 11*25.

Oxide of Iron 2-75.

Carbon 11-00.

Water

It occurs in rocks of clay-slate, and seems to be very near-
ly allied to clay-slate and alum-slate. The finest and most
applicable varieties come from Italy, Spain, and France.
It is also found in Bayreuth, in Thuringia, &c. It is used
as a drawing material.

fuller's EARTH.

Fuller's Earth. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 300. Man. p. 442.
Fuller's Earth. Thill, p. 52.

Massive. Composition impaJpable. Fracture un-
even, splintery, earthy : in the great sometimes
imperfectly and flat conchoidal, or even slaty.

LITHOMARGE.

183

Dull. Colour green, grey, white. Streak shining,
resinous. Feebly translucent on the edges ...
opake.

Perfectly sectile. Feels very greasy. Adheres but
feebly or not at all to the tongue, and is very
soft. Sp. Gr. = 1-819, Hoffmann; =2-198,
Breithaupt.

If thrown into water, it falls to pieces, and forms a paste
which is not plastic. It absorbs oil and fat. It is formed
by the decomposition of certain rocks, as for instance at
Rosswein in Saxony, at Feistritz on the Bacher in Stiria ;
and probably also at Iteifenstein and Rein in the same coun-
try, although in these two places the mode of its formation
is riot so easily observed. It occurs also in Moravia, in
great quantities and very pure at Nutfield in Surry, and
other places in England, &c, and is used for cleansing
woollen cloth.

LITHOMARGR.

Lithomarge. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 74. Man. p. 311.
Litliomarge. Prill, p. 52.

Massive. Spheroidal. Composition impalpable.
Fracture uneven, large and flat conchoidal in the
large, fine earthy in the small. Sometimes the
particles do not cohere, and are found in the
shape of a fine scaly powder.

Colour white, pearl-grey, lavender-blue, flesh-red,
ochre-yellow. Somewhat shining in the streak.
Opake.

Sectile. Adheres strongly to the tongue, feels fine
and greasy, and is soft, sometimes friable. Sp. Gr.
= 2-435 ... 2-492, Breithaupt.

184

PHYSIOGRAPHY-.

It has been divided into two kinds, the friable, and the
solid or indurated Lithoniargc.

It does not fall to pieces when thrown into water ; and
hardens if exposed to a strong heat. It occurs in various
parts of Saxony, as in tin-veins at Bobershau and Alten-
berg ; in porphyry at Itochlitz ; in the coal measures at
Planitz near Zwickau, where the variety called Terra mi.
raculosa Saxonke is found ; in the drusy cavities of the To-
paz-rock at Auerbach ; in serpentine at Zoblitz ; in trap
in the county of Antrim in Ireland, &c.

MOUNTAIN SOAP.

Mountain Soap. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 74. Man. p. 312.
Bole. Phill. p. 53.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture fine
earthy.

Dull. Colour light brownish-black. Streak shin-
ing, resinous. Opake.

Perfectly sectile, Does not soil, but writes, adheres
strongly to the tongue, feels very greasy, is very
soft, and light, approaching to not particularly
heavy.

It has been found at Olkucz in Poland, and is a very
rare mineral.

POLISHING SLATE.

Polier or Polishing Slate. Jam. VoL II. p. 70. Man. p.
425. Polishing-slate. Phill. p. 51.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Principal frac-
ture slaty, thin and straight, cross fracture fine
earthy.

Colour yeUowish-grey, inclining to white or brown.
Feels fine, but meagre, adheres but little or not at

TRIPOLI.

185

all to the tongue, is very soft, passing into friable.
Sp. Gr. = 0*590 ... 0606, Haberle.

It imbibes water, but does not fall to pieces. It be-
comes red when burnt, but is infusible. It consists, ac-
cording to Bucholz, of

Silica 70-00.

Alumina 1*00.

Lime 1-00.

Oxide of Iron 4*00.

Water 14-00.
It is believed to have been formed from the ashes of
burnt coal. It occurs at Planitz near Zwickau, and at
Kutschlin near Bilin in Bohemia.

TRIPOLI.

Tripoli. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 71. Man. p. 470. Tripoli.
Phill. p. 53.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture eartliy
in the small, sometimes slaty in the great.

Colour grey, more particularly yellowish- and ash-
grey, passing into white and yellow. Opake.

Not particularly brittle. Does not adhere to the
tongue, feels meagre and a little rough, is said to
be soft passing into very soft (it is nevertheless
applied as a powerful material for polishing).
Sp. Gr. = 1-857, Delametherib ; =2-202,
Bucholz.

It imbibes water, which softens it. When burnt it be-
comes white, and is hardened ; but it is very difficultly fu-
sible. It consists, according to Bucholz and Haase, of
Silica 81-00 00-00.

Alumina 1-50 7*00.

1S6

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Oxide of Iron 8-00 3-00.

Sulphuric Acid 3-50 0*00.

Water 5-00 000.,

with a trace of Lime. It seems to be nothing but a very fine
arenaceous variety of quartz, accidentally mixed with a
little clay.

UMBER,

Umber. Jam. Syst. Vol. IJI. p. 241. Umber. Phill.
p. 232.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture large
and flat conchoidal in the great, very fine earthy
in the small.

Dull. Colour liver-, chestnut-, dark yellowish-
brown. Acquires some lustre in the streak.
Opake.

Imperfectly sectile. Does not soil, but writes, ad-
heres strongly to the tongue, feels a little rough
and meagre, and is very soft. Sp. Gr. = £-206,
Breithaupt.

It imbibes water with great avidity, and emits air bubbles,
but does not become soft. It occurs in beds with brown
jasper in the isle of Cyprus, and is used by painters as a
brown colour. Its chemical composition is said to be oxide
of iron 48, oxide of manganese 20, silex 13, alumina 5,
water 14.

WHET-SLATE.

Whet-Slate. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 271. Whet-Slate or
Hone. Man. p. 343. Whetslate. Turkey Hone.
Phill. p. 48.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture

YELLOW EARTH. 187

straight slaty in the great, fine splintery in the
small.

Faintly glimmering, almost dull. Colour greenish-
grey, mountain-, asparagus-, oil-green. Streak
greyish-white. Translucent on the edges.

Not particularly brittle. Said to be soft in a low
degree. (It is sometimes as hard as rhombohe-
dral quartz). Sp. Gr. — 2-722, Kirwan.

Whet-slate is a slaty rock, containing a great proportion
of quartz, in which the component particles (the same as
in clay-slate, mica-slate, and gneiss, but in different relative
quantities) are so very small, as to withdraw themselves
from observation. This may serve for explaining on one
hand the passage of whet-slate into clay-^'ate, on the other
hand the employment it allows for grinding, which is im-
possible in any mineral that in reality is soft. Whet-slate
occurs in beds between clay-slate, particularly in the older
rocks ; and the varieties best adapted for r\se are found at
Sonneuberg in Meinungen, and at Probstzelle and Lichte-
tanne in Saalfeld. They are likewise brought from the
Levant. Less useful or fine grained varieties are found in
many countries. The varieties from the neighbourhood of
Liege, Argilc schisteuse novaculaire of Hau v, are not compre-
hended among the whet-slate of W ehner. They consist
of two layers of stone of different colour and composition,
one of them being yellowish-grey and very fine grained,
the other reddish-brown and coarser. The use of whet-
slate as a grinding material is sufficiently known.

YELLOW EARTH.
Yellow Earth. Jam. Syst. Vol. II. p. 81. Man. p. 312.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Principal frac

188

rilYSIOGKAPIIY.

ture more and less imperfectly and thick slaty,
sometimes fine earthy. Cross fracture fine earthy.

Faintly glimmering, dull. Colour ochre-yellow.
Acquires some lustre in the streak. Opake.

Sectile. Adheres rather strongly to the tongue.
Soils a little and writes. Is very soft, partly also
friable. Sp. Gr. = £-240, Breithaupt.

If thrown into water it falls into powder and emits a
noise. If burnt it becomes red. It is a mixture of fine
sand, oxide of iron, clay, &c., and occurs at Wehrau in Up-
per Lusatia, in France, &c. It is employed both in its na-
tural state and burnt, in painting houses, &c., as a coarse
colouring material.

«

PLATES

AND

EXPLANATIONS.

VOL. I. PLATE I.

Fig. 1. H. The hexahedron, with a pyramidal
section, and a pyramidal axis.

Fig. 2. O. The octahedron.

Fig. 3. H» O. Combination of the hexahedron
and the octahedron.

Fig. 4. The same, the faces of the octahedron
larger.

Fig. 5. The hexahedron, with two rhombohedral
sections, and a rhombohedral axis.

Fig. 6. The hexahedron, with two prismatic sec-
tions, and a prismatic axis.

VOL. L PLATE II.

Fig. 7. R. A rhombohedron.

Fig. 8. P. An isosceles four- sided pyramid.

Fig. 9. P. A scalene four-sided pyramid.

Fig, 10. P. An isosceles six-sided pyramid.

Fig. 11. (P)"- A scalene six-sided pyramid.

Fig. 12. (P) n . A scalene eight-sided pyramid.

VOL. I. PLATE III.

Fig. 18. — . The tetrahedron.

o
O

Fig. 14. — — . The same, in inverse position.

Fig. 15. — . A trigonal-dodecahedron.

c

Cn

Fig. 16. The same, in inverse position.

Fig. 17. — . A digrammic tetragonal-dode-

^ cahedron.

Fig. 18. " The same, in inverse position.

b'

VOL. I. PLATE IV.

An

Fig. 19. -J:. A hexahedral pentagonal-do-

decahedron.

a

Fig. 20. — — . The same, in inverse position.

2 •
a'

Fig. SI. r__. A right tetrahedral pentagonal-

f dodecahedron,
r

rp

Fig. 22. — r The same, in inverse position.

4

t

Fig. 23. J — . A left tetrahedral penlagonal-

* dodecahedron.

Fig. 24. — I — The same, in inverse position.

4

VOL. I. PLATE V.

Fig. 25.

Tn

MA

Ti'

Fig. 26.

jl n

"IT

ft ftrt

Fig. 27.

in

2lf

Fig. 28.

Tn

2ii

*,r

Fig. 29-

Tn

r

2 in

Fig. 30.

i In.

trahedron.
The same, in inverse position.

A trigrammic tetragonal-icosi-
tetrahedron.

— — ~. The same, in inverse position.

A right pentagonal-icositetra-
hedron.

dron.

VOL. I. PLATE VI.

Fig. 31. D. The dodecahedron.
d

Fig. 32. An. A hexahedral trigonal-icositetra-
a hedron.

Fig. 33. Bn. An octahedral trigonal-icositetra-
b hedron.

Fig. 34. Cn. A digrammic tetragonal-icositetra-
c hedron.

Fig. 35. Tn. A tetraconta-octahedron.
t

Fig. 36. Derivation of the tessular forms from the

hexahedron.

VOL. L PLATE VII.

Fig. 87. Derivation of the principal series of sca-
lene four-sided pyramids.

Fig. 38. Derivation of the subordinate series of
scalene four-sided pyramids.

VOL. I. PLATE VIII.

Fig. 39. Derivation of scalene four-sided pyra-
mids, having a dissimilar transverse
section, from the auxiliary form.

Fig. 40. Derivation of scalene four-sided pyra-
mids, having a dissimilar transverse
section, from the fundamental form.

VOL. I PLATE IX.

Fig. 41. P. Fundamental pyramid of the hemi-
prismatic system.

Fig. 42. P. Fundamental pyramid of the tetarto-
prismatic system.

Fig. 43. Derivation of two subsequent rhombo-
hedrons from each other.

Fig. 44. Transverse sections of four consecutive
rhombohedrons, having the same hori-
zontal projection.

VOL. L PLATE X.

Fio. 45. Derivation of isosceles four-sided pyra-
mids.

Fig. 46. Derivation of the rhombohedron with
an infinite axis (a regular six-sided
prism).

Fig. 47. Derivation of scalene six-sided pyramids.

Ftg. 48. Derivation of isosceles six-sided pyra-
mids.

Fig. 49. Combination of two rhombohedral forms,
producing EF and E'F, the Lines of
Combination.

Fig, 50. Similar combination df three rhombohe-
dral forms.

VOL. I. PLATE XI.

Fig. 51. 2 (P)*. A di-pyramid.

a, a', b, b'

Fig. 52. +_ \a}' ^ three- sided pyramid,

formed by alternating pairs of faces of
a di-rhombohedron.

Fig. 53. 1 ^ { ^ } . A right three-sided trape-

zohedron, containing on both ends
faces of the same pyramid.

Fig. 54 — 1— i_ j ^ | . A left three-sided trape-

zohedron of the same kind.
Fig. 55. ^ \ " } . A right three-sided tra-

pezohedron, the pyramid from which
the lower faces are derived bein^ in
inverse position from that to which
the upper ones belong.

Fig. 56. tJ { \, } . A left three-sided trape-
zohedron of the same kind.

VOL. I. PLATE XII.

Fig. 57. 1 g ((FT) {t\ • A right six-sided

' " traplhedro.

Fig. 58. - * ((P)m) { \, } . A left six-sided tra-

pezohedron.

Fig. 59. Rhombohedral combination.

R — 1. (P — 2) 3 . R. |R. R + l.(P) 3 ,R+<x>-

a b c d e f g

Fig. 60. Di-rhombohedral combination.

R — 00. P. % (R). P+l. P+OD.

a b c d e

P

Fig. 61. —A hemi-pyramidal form, analo-

gous to the tetrahedron.
P

Fig. 62. — The same, in inverse position.

VOL. I. PLATE XIII.

Fig. 63. — L, A right four-sided trapezo-
hedron.

Fig. 64. _ i—L.. A left four-sided trapezo-
hedron.

Fig. 65. A hemi-pyramidal form, ana-

logous to the tetrahedron, obtained
from a scalene eight- sided pyramid.

Fig. 66. — ^ e same > m inverse position.

Fig. 67. Pyramidal combination.

P. P + 1. (P)'. P + 00. [P + oo],

a b c d e

Fig. 6\S. Pyramidal combination.

a c f d c

VOL. I. PLATE XIV.

Fig. 69. and 70 Developements of pyramidal
combinations.

Fig. 71. Developement of a prismatic combination.

Fig. 72. Prismatic combination.

Pr— 1. P — 1. Pr. (fr—l)'.
a be d

P. P -f oo. (Pr + oo) 3 . Pr + oo.

e f g h

Fig. 73. and 74. Explanation of the horizontal
striae upon the faces of the six-sided
prism of rhombohedral Quartz.

VOL. L PLATE XV.

A a T l

Pig. 75. —1, — . Semi-tessular combination

e f
with parallel faces.

Fig. 76. — — . Semi-tessular combination

' /
with parallel faces.

Fig. 77. — . ~. Semi-tessular combination

* 1
with inclined faces.

Fig. 78. — . — — . Semi-tessular combination

% 2

P r
with inclined faces.

Fig. 79. The saddle- shaped lens.

Fig. 80. A rhombohedron with curved faces,
produced by composition.

VOL. II. PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Axotomous Arsenical-pyrites.
Pr. P + oo.

o d

-Ml*

Fig. 2. Prismatic Arsenical-pyrites
fr— . 1. P + oo.
r M

Fig. 3. Prismatic Andalusite.

p tx. Pr. P -h oo.
P I M

Fig. 4. Di-prismatic Iron-ore.
Pr. P. P + oo.
P o M

Fig. 5. Di-prismatic Olive-malachite.
Pr. P. P+qd.
o P u

Fig. 6- Prismatic Epsom-salt.

P. P -h oo. Pr + a>.
/ M o

VOL. II. PLATE II.

Fig, 7. Prismatic Melane-glance.

P. (Pr + Qt>)*. Pr + oo.
P d s

Fig. 8. Prismatic Olive-malachite.
P r. P + oo. Pr + oo.

/ r n

Fig. 9. Prismatic Nitre-salt.

P r + L P + <». Pr + oo
P il/ h

Fig. 10. Prismatoidal Kouphone-spar.

P — oo. P. Pr -hoo. Pr + go.
P r T M

Fig. 11. Axotomous Kouphone-spar.

P — oo. P. Pr + oo. Pr + oo.
P r M T

Fig. 12. Prismatoidal Garnet.

P — oo. Pr. (Pr + od) 5 . Pr + go.
/> r M o

VOL. II. PLATE III.

Fig. 13. Axotomous Triphane-spar.

P — oo. Pr 4- n. P + oo. Pr + oo.
P o M I

Fig. 14-. Prismatic Antimony-baryte.

Pr — 1. P. (Pr+oo)*. Pr + oo.
p P M h

Fig. 15. Prismatic Iron-pyrites.

P r. P. P + qd. Pr + oo.

g h I P

Fig. 16. Prismatic Natron salt.

Pr. P. (Pr + oo) 3 . pr + x.
o P d p

Fig. 17. Prismatoidal Sulphur.

Pr. P. (Pr + o&) 5 . Pr + y
o P u s

Fig. 18. Prismatic Sulphur.

1>_ oo. |P — 2. Pr. P. P + at.

i

vor.. in.

VOL. II. PLATE IV.

Fig. 19. Scorodite.

P— oo. P. P r + 1. (Pr + oo) 5 .

k P m d

Pr -f oo.
r

Fig. 20. Prismatic Chrysolite.

Pr. (Pr— 1)*. P. (Pr-f oo) 3 . Pr+ oo.
d e p n M
Fig. SI. Prismatic Hal-baryte.

Pr. Pr. P. (Pr + oo) 5 . Pr + oo.
o M z d P

Fig. 22. Paratomous Kouphone-spar.

Pr. P. Pr +2. Pr + oo. Pr + oo.
5 P t g o

Fig. 23. Prismatic Nitre-salt

Pr— 1. Pr. Pr + 1. P-f-oo. Pr + oo.
off P s M h
Fig. 24?. Di-prismatic Copper-glance.

P — oo. Pr — 1. Pr. Pr + oo. Pr+oo.
k o d s r

VOL. II. PLATE V.

Fig. 85. Prismatic Corundum.

P r. P. (P + oo) ff . f r + oo. Pr + oo.

* o j r jif

Fig. 26. Prismatic Gypsum-haloide.

P — oo. P. (Pr)'. (P)3. fr + oo.
P o n f T
Pr + oo.

Fig. 27. Prismatoidal Manganese- ore.

P— oo. Pr. P. (Pr — l) 5 . P + oo.
o d P y M
(Pr + oc) 5 .

s

Fig. 88. Peritomous Hal-baryte.

P — qd. P — 1. P. Pr -j- 1. P + oo.

o * ft I* M

Pr -f oo.

Fig. 29. Hopeite.

P — oo. Pr. P. (Pr + oo) 3 . Pr + oo.
g M P s p
Pr 4- oo.
I

Fig. 30. Prismatic Melane-glance.

Pr. P. (Pr) 3 . (Pr + oo) 3 . Pr+oc.
o P 9 a d p

Pr -f- ao.

•v

VOL. II. PLATE. VI.

Fig. 31. Di-prismatic Lead-baryte.

Pr. P. | f r + % (pr + oo) 5 .
M t e u

(Pr + oo)'. Pr + oo.
s I
Fig. 32. Prismatoidal Antimony-glance.

Pr — 1. (fPr — 2)'. P.
$ a e P

(|Pr — 2) 7 . P+oo. Pr + oo.

Fig. 33. Serpentine.

Pr. P. Pr + 1. (Pry. (Pr + oo) 5 .
o P r n d

Pr 4- go. Pr + oo.

Fig. 34. Prismatic Topaz.

P — oo. f P — 1. (£Pr — l) 5 . P.

P S (CO

Pr + 1. Pr + & P + oo. (Pr+oo)\
n y M I

Fig. 35. Prismatic Antimony-glance.

P — oo. Pr. P. (Pr)'. (Pry.
k o P z a

f P + 2. (Pr + oo) 3 . Pr + oo.

b d r

Pr + oo.

Fig. 3G. Prismatic Topaz.

(| Pr — iy. P. Pr+1. P+oo.
a? o n M

(Pr + o>) 3 . Pr + 1. P.
/ n' o\

VOL. II. PLATE VII.

Fig. 37. Prismatic Zinc-baryte.

P— oo Pr— 1. Pr. fPr + L ffr+&
k lorn p

(Pr+ct>) 5 . Pr + oo. P.
d s P

Fig. 38. Di-prismatic Lead-baryte.

ft. P. (P r + oo) 3 . (Pr + oo) 5 . ft + oo,
M t u s I

g{Pr|.

Fig, 39. Prismatic Lime-haloide.

Pr — 2. Pr— 1. P. (Pr+ od) 3 . Pr + oo,
x P r M It

(Pr + oo) 3

|(Pr + co) 3 j

Fig. 40. Paratomous Kouphone-spar.

Pr. P. Pr -h % Pr + oo. ft + oo,

S P t !>' O

Fig. 41. Prismatic Copper-glance.

(P) 5 . (Pr+oo)*. Pr+oo,«{ ( ^!}.

a e s

VOL. II. PLATE VOL

Fig. 4& Prismatic Iron- pyrites.

Pr. P+oo. Pr-foo, |pr| {pr}.

Ml P
Fig. 45. Prismatic Iron-pyrites.

Pr. Pr. P+oo. Pr+ar>,{pr} {Pr}

g M I P
Fig. 44. Diatomous Kouphone-spar.

tl> P+oo.

P M
Fig. 45. He mi-prismatic Natron-salt.

(Pr + oo) 3 . Pr + oo.

Fig. 46. Prismatic Cobalt-mica.

?L Pr + cc. Pr + oo.

M T P
Fig. 47. Prismatic Titanium-ore.

— . — . (Pr -f oo) 3 .

P T V 71

VOL. IL PLATE IX.

Fig. 48. Hemi-prismatic Sulphur*

— IT' — |- P + oo. (Pr + oo) 5 .

P n M I
Fig. 49. Prismatic Scheelium-ore.

Pr - 1 Pr - Pr - 1 P , ^

— r™ p — - p + 00

* u t' r

Pr -f oo.

Fig. 50. Hemi prismatic Kouphone-spar.
Fig. 51. Prismatic Borax-salt.

02 P r M

Pr -l- oc.
T

Fig. 52. Hemi-prismatic Vitriol-salt.

P_«. LL--?. L r . I. Pr. -tl.

b g v P 0 t

P 4. oo. Pr -f gd.

/ u
Fig. 53. Hemi-prismatic Lead-baryte.

Pr P P

~ -. — P + oc. (Pr-f-oD) 4 .

2 2 2

V * v Jf r

Pr + 00.

VOL. II. PLATE X.

Fig. 54. Prismatic Emerald.

The elevation copied from Hauy, Traite,
2de Ed. PI. 72. Fig. 153., the projec-
tion from the crystal in the cabinet of
M. De Dree.

Fig. 55. Prismatic Glauber-salt.

P Pr P /1S , -

n T z o M

Pr -f oo.
P

Fig. 56. Prismatic Glauber-salt.

P-* * r .

/ r n ?y T z
_ (Pr) 5 fr + 1 (p)«

-2~ -

© k; d

(Pr + oo)^. Pr + oo. Pr + oo.
o MP

Fig. 57. Prismatoidal Gypsum-haloide.

p ^

_. P -f- oo. Pr -f go.

2

/ / P
Fig. 58. Prismatoidal Gypsum-haloide.

J o / h

Pr + oo.

VOL. II. PLATE XI.

Fig. 59. Prismatic Britbyne-salt.
P — oo.

p f

Fig. 60. Prismatic Britliyne-salt.

« P Pr P (Pr) 5

2 2 2 2

P f t n e

P -j- qd. Pr + oo.
M s
Fig. 61. Prismatic Feld spar.

t*!L+?. -** <Pr+oo)>. Pr+<*.

# P T I M

Fig. 62. Prismatic Feld-spar.

|fr — ^ Pr P j Pr + 2 Pr

si Y' 2" 2 2'

q x s y P

(Pr + x) 3 . (Pr + oo) 5 . Pr + oo.

n * if

Fig. 63. Prismatic Azure malachite*

P — x. I^ILT- 1 ^ (Pr+ od) 5 . Pi* + oo.
2

j <7 P h

Fig 64. Prismatic Azure-malachite.

P-x. |. Pr. _ (If "-I)!

,9 a «y ,1/ k
Pr -f ao.

VOL, III.

VOL. II. PLATE XII.

Fig. 65. Prismatic Azure-malachite.

p-oo.?!. Pr.

2 2 2

s a M b k

(Pr + oo) 5 . (Pr + ao) 5 . Pr -f oo.

P I h
Fig. 66. Prismatic Azure-malachite.

p Pr P (Pr — l) 7 (Pr— l) 6

2 2 2 2
s a x d e

Pr-1. Pr. _<lL=I>± *

2 2

g M 7r c

P+ oo. (Pr+ oo) 5 . (Pr+ os) 5 . Pr-f- oo.

f P I h

Fig. 67. Prismatic Dystomespar.

P — oo. _ P . £l±l Pr+1. P+oo.
2 2

b P a o f

(fr+oo) 5 . Pr-f-oc.

cr S
O

Fig. 68, Prismatic Dystome-spar.

P_o^ I. *I±1. Pr. _<*£>1

2 2 .2

6 P a d e
P+oo. (Pr+oo) 3 .

Fig. 69. Prismatic Dystome-spar.

p ^ P fr + 1 (Pr) 5 pr

P "°°- 2' —2— ~2~"
b P a q d

P _(P>)» _(Pr£

P + oo. (Pr + oo) 5 . Pr + oo.

f

VOL. II. PLATE XIIL

>>

Fig. 70. Prismatic Dystome-spar.

P_ w . I f -L+S ^>1. Pr.

b P a q d

iPr+1. Pr+1. -J.

r o 7i £

— ( p — 1 ) 5 _ (PQ 5 (£)_ 4

-2)!. p + oo.

ft m f

(Pr + a.) 5 .

Fig. 71. Prismatic Habroneme-malachite.

F - «. *L=I |. Pr. - * r -r-J.

a 6 P o 5

_£r— 1)^ (Pr + oo)'. Pr + ao.

d f e

Fig. 72. Paratomous Augite-spar.

— . (Pr + oo) 5 . P r +oo. Pr + oo.

s M r I

Fig. 73. Paratomous Augite-spar.

Pr P (Pr) 5 _fr _ (Pr) 5

IT 2~* ~1T~' 2* 2
P s o t z

(Pr 4- oo) 5 .
M

VOL. II. PLATE XIV.

Fig. 74. Hemi-prismatic Augite-spar.

J. — (Pr + <*)'. Pr-hoo.

r P M x

Fig. 75. Prismatoidal Augite-spar.

Pr P Pr ~

— — — — Pr + oo.

2 2 2

r n T M

Fig. 76. Hemi-prismatic Augite-spar.

P f Pr + 3 (fr)5 (p)J _ pr

r / a i P

— ( pr ) 5 (P) 3 _ + 2

At 6

(Pr + oo) 3 . (Pr + x) 5 . Pr + qd.
M c s

Pr 4" CD.

Fig. 77. Prismatoidal Augite-spar.

P — qd. — — Pr — 1. Pr.

2 2 2

I r n x y q

— ?! _ (Pr— 1)' J>

2' 2 IT 2

T u z d

(Pr + op) 5 . Pr 4- oo.
o M

VOL. II. PLATE XV.

Fig. 78. Hemi -prismatic Habroneme-malachite.

— £f. P+od. Pr + qd. {pr+oo}.

p M s
Fig. 79. Prismatic Feld-spar.

Pr P |fr + 2 Pr ,~ .

r, + „. {-,(^}.

M

Fig. 80. Prismatic Feld-spar.

fPr+2 Pr /t , , -

— ( ?r + Pr + oo.

# P T I M

{rPr + ot> : Pr + oo. Pr + oo}.
Fig. 81. Prismatic Feld-spar.

il^ _£(*,+.).. p r + w .

5/ P T I M

jlPr-f- oo : Pr -f oo. Pr-f oo}.
Fig. 82. Prismatic Disthene-spar.

Pr P +. oo ^

— • r — — — . Jrr -f- oo.

P T M

Fig. 83. Tetarto-prismatic Vitriol-salt.

VOL. II. PLATE XVI.

Fig. 84. Albite.

(Pr + en) 5

2
I

Pr

P

r — —

Pr

— r

2 '

4

2

X

s

P

I

(Pr 4- oo) 5

Pr 4- oo.

T

M

Fig. 85. Albite.

Pr P |?r + 2 Pr — 1 Pr

. r — . . r . — — .

2 4 2 2 2

x s y g P

_ (Pr)5 (Pr+ oo) 3 f (Pr+ <x) 5

r "1 r 2 2

71 I *P

r (JL±^± l¥l±^l. Pr+oo.
2 2

Fig. 86. Albite.

Pr P ; P § ?r + fc. " f r

2 4 4 2 2

s s y P

-r^)l r i?£± *i! l (Pr+ ™ r
4 2 2

s ^ M

Fig. 87. Albite.

Pr , P Pr (Pr+oo) T

— • ^ — . ~~~~ —— • * _ — •

2 4 2 2

# s P /

^ /<?£±£>I r (Pr + 00)5

2 ' 2 ' 2

J 1 ^ ^

Pr + oo. {Pr+ oo}.

VOL. II. PLATE XVII.

Fig. 88. Albite.

Pr Pr (Pr + oo)* .(fr+oo) 5

x P I T

t, | fr Jr Px\

M

Fig. 89. Prismatic Axinite.

4 4 4

4 2
I P r

Fig. 90. Prismatic Axinite.

t* P r

Fig. 91. Prismatic Axinite.

P r P , P f Pr + 2 Pr

2 4 4 2 2

v t f y T

4 4 4

4 4 2

(Pr4_oo)3 z <Pr + CD^

Fig. 92. Pyramidal Lead-baryte.
P — od. ~P — 3.
a b
Fig. 9 : 3. Pyramidal Lead-baryte.

P*— oo. l^L P — 3. P.
a h P

VOL. II. PLATE XVIII.

Fig. 94*. Pyramidal Lead-baryte.

P— oo. ^P — 3. P— 3.
a b c

Fig. 95. Pyramidal Lead-baryte.

i^p_ 3. a^_*p_2. P— 1. P.

3 *

h d e P

Fig. 96. Pyramidal Garnet.

P — 00. P — 1. P. (P —

P oca

(P _ 1)5. p + % (py. (P)4.

z b s x

(P + iy. p + 4. (P -h oo) 3 .

e r h

[(P + »)']. r + oo. [P + oo].

f d M

Fig. 97. Pyramidal Kouphone-spar.
P. [P+oo].
P m

Fig. 98. Pyramidal Kouphone-spar.

P— |P — 4. JP — 3. 3 ^P— 3.
o 6 d e

P— 3. P. [(P + oo) 3 ]. [P + oo].
c P r m

Fig. 99. Pyramidal Zircon.

P _ 1. P. (P) 3 . (P) 4 . (P) 5 .

* P x y z

P + 00. [P + co].

VOL. II. PLATE XIX.

Fig. 100. Pvramidal Titanium-ore.

P 4 p _ 4. (4 p__7)4

or s
P. P + L
P q

Fig. 101. Pyramidal Tin-ore.

P + 1. P + oo. [P 4- oo].

* < g

Fig. 102. Pyramidal Tin-ore.

P. P + L P + <x>. [P lot)].
P s I g

Fig. 103. Pyramidal Tin-ore.

P. P + l. (P)*. (P + cc) 5 . [P+cc
P s z r g

Fig. 104. Pyramidal Melich rone-resin.

P — oo. P— 1. P. [P + co].

t p

Fig. 105. Pyramidal Manganese-ore.
JP — 4. P.
a P

VOL. II. PLATE XX.
Fig. 106. Pyramidal Manganese-ore.

P

Fig. 107. Pyramidal Manganese-ore.

p,{p}.

P

Fig. 108. Pyramidal Scheelium-baryte.

P+L I(p±ir.

' 1 % r *

^ a P ^

Fig. 109. Pyramidal Copper-pyrites.

P — QD. P — 1. L — J. P + 1.

a b P P' c

Fig. 110. Fergusonite.

p-». p. B£+->a

i j r

Fig. 111. Rhombohedral Alum-haloide.

R — QD. R.

o R

VOL. II. PLATE XXL

Fig. Rhombohedral Fluor-haloide.

R QD. P 1, P + OD.

P r M

Fig. 113. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.
R — oo. R + £

O 711

Fig. 114. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.
R. R -f- oo.
P c

Fig. 115. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.
R — oo. R. R + 2.

o P m

Fig. 116. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

R. (P) 5 . (F) 6 . R + % R + co.
Pry in c

Fig, 117. Rhombohedral Lead-baryte.

P. P + 00.

P, s n 9 n'

VOL. II. PLATE XXII.

Fig. 118. Rhombohedral Emerald-malachite.

R + 1. P + QD.

r s

Fig. 119. Rhombohedral Euchlore-mica.
R — qd. R.
0 R

Fig. 120. Rhombohedral Kouphone-spar,
R — 1. R. R -{- 1.
n P r
Fig. 121. Rhombohedral Corundum.

R — 00. R. P 4- 1. P +QD.
o P r $

Fig. 122. Rhombohedral Corundum.

P + 1. R + 1. V + % P+oo.
r a b &

Fig. 123. Rhombohedral Corundum.

R — 00. ?P+L |P + 3. P + 3.
o c I e

P+oo.
s

VOL. II. PLATE XXIII.

Fig. 124 Rhombohedral Iron-ore.
R — 2. R. P + 1.
s P n
Fig. 125. Peritomous Ruby-blende.

R — co. R — 2. §R — % |R
o u a

R — 1. R. R + oo.
a P I
Fig. 126. Rhombohedral Ruby-blende.

R — i. (P — 2)*. r. (p —

* t P a

(|P_1)*. (P)». P+oo.
b h n

Fig. 127. Eudialyte.

R — oo. R — 2. R. P + oo.

o Z P u

Fig. 128. Rhombohedral Kouphone-spar.

R. 2{R — ooj.
P

VOL. II. PLATE XXIV.

Fig. 129. Rhombohcdral Lime-haloide.

(P — %)\ (P) s . {R— 00} .
t r

Fig. 130 and 131. Rhombohedral Lime-hale
P

Fig. 132. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.
R — 00. R + op. {5}.

o c
Fig. 133. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

R — 00. R -J- <x>. I — " 1 '
o c

Fig. 134. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

R -}- go
"3

P

r. {L±i?}.

VOL. II. PLATE XXV.

Fig. 135. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

R_ 1. R +00. 2|R — oo},

g c
Fig. 136. Rhombohedral Ruby-blende.

R-l. ?L±i?. P +on.

s k n

Fig. 137. Rhombohedral Tourmaline.

R. R + 1. P -f oo. R — oo.

P o s K
Fig. 138. Rhombohedral Tourmaline.

R — oo. R — 1. R. E R + °°X P + oo.

fc n P I s

R — 1 . R — oo.

Fig. 139. Rhombohedral Ruby-blende.

R — 1. P-h oo. {^r^lJ^L 1 }.

z n
Fig. 140. Rhombohedral Ruby-blende.

R — 1. P + a>. {R — 1. R— l}.

VOL. II. PLATE. XXVI.

Fig. 141. Axotomous Iron-ore.

r P «+• 1
R — - oo. R. .

1 2

a R b

Fig. 143. Axotomous Iron-ore.

R_«. E. 1L + J.

r 2

a' R V
Fig. Axotomous Iron-ore.

R — cd. R. ^Z_±J,^(R

VOL. II. PLATE XXVII.

Fig. 144. Axotomons Iron -ore.

R — cc. R — l. R. I £±2. R-f-1.

r %

a c R b d
Fig. 145. Rhombohedral Quartz.

P. R. P + QD. — R. P.

P,z s ry s z,P

Fig. 146. Rhombohedral Quartz.

p. r. i<2> ? . v

r 2 r 2 r 2
P,* 8 w y u

1®: p+oo.

r 2

Fig. 147. Rhombohedral Quartz.

1 1

p +r r (vy J_(£) 5 L(£) 5

' — $ * — . r 2 * — 1 % —\% —1 2

P,z s o <v y u

I_ <1>. 5 j p. p + «. EL±«)!1.

— 1 8 2
V b in a r d

Fig. 148. Rhombohedral Fluor-haloide.

H — oo. 2 (R — 1). P. 2 (R).
P a x s

p+i J.^liE>I2. I<L+«!>I.

r 2 r 2

2 « . c

R -f- 00. P 4- 00.
e M
Fig. 149. Rhombohedral Fluor-haloide.

R— 00. . P — 1. 2(R — 1). P.
P r ax

% (R). P + 1. I

r 2

s z a

\ 2 ((P) ? ) 17 , r > ,

- V V } II + QD. P -f 00.

r 2

b e M

voi* i n.

VOL. II. PLATE XXVIII.

Fig. 150. Rhoinbohedral Emerald.

It — oo* P. 2 (R). P + 1- 2 ((P)*)-
P % s u a

I P + 00.

1 M

Fig, 151. Octahedral Fluor-haloide.
H. D.

i s

Fig. 152. Octahedral Fluor-haloide.
H. As.

i x

Fig. 153. Hexahedral Kouphone-spar.
H. Ci.
P o

Fig. 154. Dodecahedral Garnet.
D. Ci.
P n

Fig. 155. Hexahedral Lead-glance.
H. O. D. B.
Pool

VOL. II. PLATE XXIX.

Fig 156. Dodecahedral Corundum.

°- {$>•

P

Fig. 157. Hexahedral Gold.

«- {?}•

o

Fig. 158. Tetrahedral Copper-glance.

o _q

P *

Fig. 159 and 160. Tetrahedral Boracite.
H. °. D.

P * n
Fig. 161. Tetrahedral Copper-glance.

P o I

VOL. II. PLATE XXX

Fig. 162. Dodecahedral GarneUblende.
D. 2i.

p y

Fig. 163. Dodecahedral Garnet-blende.

* (?}■

P

Fig. 164. Octahedral Diamond.
P n

Fig. 165. Hexahedral Iron-pyrites.
H. ±1,
P ^

Fig. 166. Hexahedral Iron-pyrites.
O. bl.

v

Fig. 167. Hexahedral Iron-pyrites.

H. O. ±1. C». T- 5 .

p d 0 tt $

VOL, II. PLATE XXXI.

Fig. 168. Prismatic Epsom-salt.

*r. ft. P. Sr+1. Pr + 1. »C*2L

r 2 12

n m I r q t s

P + oo. Pr + oo. Pr + oo.
M o p «

Fig. 169- Di-prismatic Lead-baryte.

P— oo. P— l.ftr. P. (ftr) 5 . f Pr+2. Pr + 1. (Pr) 3 .

P+oo. (Pr+QD) 8 . (Pr + oo) 3 . ft+oo. Pr+oo.
P u s I h

Fig. 170. Hemi-prismatic Lead-baryte.

F p, fr+1 . _£L -<£)!. P + oo.

2 2 2 2

t z y Jc v b M

(Pr + oo) 3 . Pr+oo. Pr + oo.

« g f

Fig. 171. Axotomous Lead-baryte.

pr— 1 Pr Pr+1 P — 1 (P — 2) 1

2 2 2 2 2

a % f e g h

(!L-Zi>_!. I. (1^31. Pr- 2. Pr-l.

2 2 2

Jc P o I m

3p Pr+1 P-l _(P-2)* _(Pr-l) 3

2 2 2 2

n i g f h! k'

— £. — ( p — ^) 8 , P + oc. (P+a>) 4 . Pr+oo.

2 2

F o' c d b

Fig. 172. Prismatic Cobalt-mica.

^1. |. (Pr-hoo) 5 . (Pr+oo) 5 . Pr+oo. Pr + or>.

Ml h s TP

Fig. 173. Rhombohedral Kouphone-spar.

R — 1. R. R + 1. P + oo, 2|R — oo}.
n P r u

VOL. II. PLATE XXXII.

Fig. 174. Prismatic Kouphone-spar, from Au-

vergne.

Fig. 175. Mesolite from Iceland.

Fig. 176. Paratomous Augite-spar.

fr P (fr)5 _ Pv _ (P)*-
2* % % %
P s o t u

(Pr+co) 3 . £r+oo. Pr+oo.
M r I

Fig. 177. Horizontal projection of the same.

Fig. 178. Pyramidal Copper-pyrites.

a P g b h

p + l -Lzrl _f£L*=»

c cl e

(if pp — 5)g __ p

/ r

Fig. 179- Pyramidal Copper-pyrites.

|. P+L {P — 1. P}. Regular

composition of five individuals, each
of the lateral ones being joined to the
central individual, in a plane perpen-
dicular to a terminal edge of P.

VOL. II. PLATE XXXIII.
Fig. 180. Hexahedrai Gold.

c. {°}.

o

Fig. 181. Di-prismatic Copper-glance.

P— oo. Pr — 1. Pr. Pr+1. Pr— 1.
Jc e d f o

(Pr — l) 3 . P. Pr. (Pr + oo) 5 .

y P p n

Pr -f-oo. Pr 4- oo,
s r

Fig. 1S£. Rhombohedral Ruby-blende.

R — 1. P + oo. R+l. R — 1.

z n g z

Fig. 183. Hemi-prismatic Ruby-blende.
P— oo. —

b t f

Fig. 184. Henri-prismatic Sulphur.

Pr P (Pr) 3 _ Pr _ P

- (£2!. - <!>I. p + oo.

(Pr+oo) 7 . (Pi'+od) 5 . (Pr+oo) 5 .

Pr + oo. Pr -f oo.
s u
Fig. 185. Allanite.

VOL. II. PLATE XXXIV.
Fig. 186. Acrnite.

Fig. 187. Babingtonite, copied from Mr Le'vy's

figure.

Fig. 188. Baryto-Calcite.
Fig. 189. Brewsterite.

Fig. 100. Brookite, copied from Mr Levy's figure.

pr — 1. Pr. (f P — g) 5 . (Pr — l) 5 .

a 2 a 1 i o*

J Pr. P. (Pr + oo) 5 . Pr + <z>.

Pr + QD.
g 1

Fig. 19 J. Childrenite.

f P. P. f Pr + 2. Pr + <x>.
& <? a P

VOL. II. PLATE XXXV.

Fig. 192. Euchroite.

P— -oo. fr. P -f oo. (fr+oo) 5 .
P n s
(Py + oo) 5 . Pr + oo.
/ k

Fig. 193. Fergusonite.

P_oo. P. (Z.-Jil tS^oon.

is* r
Fig. 194j. Levyne.

R — oo. R — 1. R. 2 [ R — oo ! .

o g P

Fig. 195. Roselite, copied from Mr Lev yV figure.

Fig. 196. Gmelinite.

R — — oo. P. P 4* oo.

o y u

Fig. 197. Wagnerite, copied from a drawing by

Dr G. Rose.

INDEX.

Abrazite

iii. UA

Allanite iiL 6JL 02.

Achirite

ii. 112

Allocbroit

iL 2^2

Achmite

iii. 62

Allochroite

iL 362

Acicular bismuth-

Allophane

iiL ea

glance

iii. IM

Almandin

iL350

Acicular olivenite

iii. UA

Almandine

ii. 3G3

Acid

ii. 22

Alum

iL 50

Acide boracique

ii 25

Alum-earth

iiL 178

sulfurique

ii. 24

Alum-haloide

ii. 61

Acmite

iiL 62

Alum-rock

ii. tm

Actinolite

ii. 272. 278

Alum-salt

ii. 50

Actinote

ii. 275

Alum-slate

iii. 178

Adamantine spar

ii.

Alumstone

ii. 61

Adhesive slate

iiL 177

Alumine fluate'e alcaline ii. 00

Adipocire, mineral

iii. 107

fluate'e siliceuse

ii. 308

Adular

ii.251

magnesiee

iL 290

Adularia

ii. 258

sulfatee

ii. 50

Aeriform carbonic acid ii. 22

sulfate'e alcaline

ii. 50

muriatic acid

iL 23

sous-sulfatee alca-

Agalmatolite

iii. 100

line

iL 62

Agaric mineral

ii. 22

Alumine, subphosphate

Agate

iL329

of

iii. 160

Agate-jasper

ii. 328

Aluminite

111. 70

Alaun

iL 5Q

Amalgam

iL431

Alaunstein

iL C2

Amalgam, native

iL43l

Albin

ii. 241

Amazone stone

iL 2ii3

Albite

ii. 2ia

Amber

III, 5_2

Allagite

iiL 12a

Amblygonite

in. ly

VOL. III. T

290 index.

Amethyst

ii. 325

Antimony, dodecahedral ii. 426

Amethyst, oriental

it 303

grey iii. 23* 26

Amiantus

ii. 2/0

native

ii AOii

11. 4~l>

Ammonia, muriate of

ii. 30

iiiLrk.^ iiicrous Ericy

HI. 1 .) I-

Ammoniac-salt

ii. 30

rw"* t * 1 1 1 till i"o 1

jot
11. <kZj

Ammoniac, sulnhat of

iii. 121

ii 1 KO
U. ltrj

Ammoniac ue muriate'e

ii. 33

pi iMUallC

11. 4^7

Amphibole

ii. 275

JJl icmlal, Willie

;; i m

H. ULL

Amphigene

ii. 224

1 tM I

iii aft
in. nit

Analcime

ii. 227

rhombohedral

ii. 426

Anatase

ii. 370

sulphuret of

iii. 23

Andalusite

ii. 293

sulphuret of silver

Anhydrite

ii. 62

and

iii. 30

Anhydrous gypsum

il 02

white

ii. Ih2

Ankerite

L 411

Antimony-baryte

ii. 151

Anorthite

iii. 71

Antimony-blende

iii. 36

Anthophyllite

ii. 211

Antimony-glance

in. 21

Anthophyllit, blattriger ii. 207

axifrangible

... _
111. »

strahliger

ii. 211

axotomous

iii. 26.

Anthracite iii. &L Gh

prismatic iii. 4. 21

Anthracolite

ii. 9J}

prismatoidal iii. 23. 26

Anthrakolit

ii. 83

Antimony-ochre ii. 427 iii. 25

Anthrakonit

ii. ai

Apatite ,

ii. 23

Anthrazit

iii. 65.

Aphrit

U. 349

Antimoine hvdro-sulfure iii. 36.

Aphrite

iii 72

natif

ii. 426

Aplome

ii. 364

oxide

ii. 152

Apophyllite ii. 244* 246

oxide sulfure

iii. 3H

Aquamarine

ii.3i£

sulfure'

Hi. 23

oriental

ii. 312

sulfure' plombo-

Arendalite

ii. 2M1

cuprifere

iii. ii

Arfvedsonite

iii. 73

Antimon, gediegen

ii. 426

Argent antimonial

ii. 427

Antimon-Silber

ii. 427

antimonie' sulfure

iii. 3&

Antimonblende

tit. 36

antimonie' sulfure'

Antimonbluthe

ii. 152

noir

iii. 21

Antimonglanz

ill 23

muriate

it IM

Antimonial silver

il 427

natif

ii. 434

Antimony

ii. 420

noir

iii. 22

I

INDEX.

291

Argent sulfure

• . *

in.

11

sulfure* flexible

* . .

an

Argentiferous copper-

glance

in.

23

Argile schisteuse no.

vaculaire

in.

187

Arragon

• ■

n.

70

Arragonite

n.

m

Arseniate of cobalt

* *

a.

184

of copper, martial

. • ■

in.

141)

octahedral

• ■

u.

I (JO

oblique prismatic iii.

144

prismatic

• •

n.

1 04

rhomboidal

- «

u.

178

of iron

ii.

IC2

of lead

■ •

n.

133

of lime

in.

135

of nickel

• •

448

Arsenic

u.

423

Arsenic, oxide of

■ a

11.

2fi

native

• «

11.

423

oxyde'

11.

2fi

sulfure' jaune

« * •

111.

12

sulfure' rouge

• • ■

111.

5fl

Arsenic-acid

• *

11.

21}

Arsenical bismuth

. . .

Ul.

24

iron

ii.

449

nickel

• .

n.

44G

Arsenical-pyrites

ii.

448

axotomous

• •

n.

448

di-prismatic

• *

11.

449

prismatic ii 448.

449

Arsenik, gediegen
Arsenikbliithe

• »

n.

423

• •

u.

m

Arsenikkies

ii.

449

Arsenik-Nickel

• •

u.

446

Arsenik-Silber

n.

427

Arseniksaures Eisen

ii.

1C2

Arseniksaures Kobalt

ii.

184

Arsenik-Wismuth

. . .

111.

24

Asbest ii. 2GJL

274

Asbestus

• ■

n.

274

Asbestus, common

iii.

IM

Asche

• . ■

in.

73

Asphalt

. . »

Ul.

sa

Asteria

• •

11.

303

Atacamite

111.

24

Atmosphacrische Luft

• *

11.

2Q

Atmospheric air

■ •

11.

20

Atmospheric-gas

- "

11.

2u

Atmospheric- water

* *

11.

21

Augite

11.

2C8

hemi-prismatic

11.

274

oblique-edged

» ♦

11.

2GH

prismatic

• »

11.

2HG

prismatoidal

• ■

11.

2J12

pyramido-prismatic ii.

2B8.

straight-edged

* *

11.

274

Augite-spar

« •

11.

2C,r,

hemi-prismatic

» *

11.

271

paratomous

• .

11.

2m

polystomous

• ■ •

111.

115

prismatic

ii.

286

prismatoidal

u.

Auripigment

♦ • .

in.

42

Automalite

ii

298

Axinite

• •

ii.

341

Axotomous Antimony.

glance

• • *

hi.

2£

Arsenical-pyrites

ii.

448

Iron-ore

ii.

397

Kou phone-spar

ii.

248

Lead-baryte

ii.

111

Triphane-spar

• •

n.

217

Azure-malachite

• «

u.

1G7

Azure-spar

» -

288

IKDEX.

Azure-spar, dodecahe-

dral

ii. 2M

prismatic

ii. 230

prismatoidal

ii. 222

Azure stone

ii. 238.

Azurite

ii 2M

Babingtonite

iii. 25

Baikalit ii. 2&L 2J2

Balas ruby

ii. 2M

Bardiglione

ii. 62

Bary-strontianite

iii. 153

Baryt

ii. 121

Baryt, kohlensaurer

ii. L13

schwefelsaurer

ii. 121

Baryte

ii. lill

axifrangible

ii. 12il

carbonatee

ii. llil

di- prismatic ii.

no. no

prismatic

ii. 121

prismatoidal

ii. 12i>

pyramido-prismatic ii. Llii

rhomboidal

ii. 113

sulfate'e

il 121

sulfate fe'tide

h. 124

Bary tes, carbonate of

tL UB

sulphate of

ii. 121

Baryto-calcite

iii. 26

Bergmannite

iii. 21

Bergmilch

ii.'SS

Bergpech

iii. 53

Bergtheer

iii. 53

Bcril, schdrlartiger

ii. 303

Beryl

iiaii]

Bernstein

m. 52

Bimstein

ii. 337

Bismuth

U. 430

arsenical

iii. 2i

Bismuth, cupreous

iii.

31

cupriferous sul-

phuret of

* * •

in.

ai

native

ii.

430

octahedral

ii.

430

plumbo-cupriferous

sulphuret of

iii.

130

sulfure'

• . .

in.

13

sulphuret of

...

1U.

Bismuth-glance

■ ■ ■

HI.

13

acieular

iii.

130

prismatic

...

in.

13

Bismuthic silver

• * .

in.

IB

Bitterkalk ii.

33

Bittersalz

• •

n.

4B

Bitterspar ii.

34,

38

Bitume

iii.

53

Bitumen

• ■ *

in.

53

Bituminoses Holz

■ * •

in.

61

Bituminous marie

iii.

178

marlslate

• •

a.

Oil

Mineral-coal

• . .

in.

61

shale

iii.

128

wood

• * •

in.

02

Blaek chalk

in.

im

coal

in.

£1

cobalt-ochre

. . .

in.

28

lead

• *

n.

131

Mineral-resin

. . •

in.

53

silver

• •

n.

435

tellurium

iii.

IS

wad

ii.

421

Bliitterkohle

iii.

61

Blatterzeolith

ii.

242

Bl'attrich-strahliger Stil-

bit

• »

233

Blattriger Stilbit

. *

n.

242

Pseudomalachit

ii.

IM

INDEX.

293

Blatter-Tellur

iii. lil

Bornstein

ill. 52

T^ln 1 1 _ Rlpipry

X 1 111 LI — XJ IL. itl ^L*

iii. 1 3

XII* 1 If

Botryolite

iL 223

Itlnup TmspiippiIp

iL 188

Bournonite

in. 5

Blausnath

ii. 292

Brachytypous Lime-ha-

Blei. kohlen^aures

ii. 130

loide

ii 98

nil n<i»h nr«?nn rpq

ii. 134

Parachrose-bary te

ii 101

tlliUlUoaUlC.i

ii 137

1 > 1 aUIlulCICI <o

ii 134

Xl» 1 Q*l

molvb Jknsaiires

ii. Liil

Itl'lllTl o 1 COT"! cf P1 11

ii 410

Tllpipnlp

11. X i>'J

1 ivi 1 1 11 l-'i ] L"
J >l itUJl Ail! K

ii. 94

"R 1 p i fVi 1 1 1 p r v

... M

ill iS
111. u

Braunkohle

•** ^» ■

111- ii\
111* \L L.

7i 1 p j < 1 } i

JJ itrl L;\. LU

V; 140

Braun-Menakerz

ii 373

111 pi <rl m7

iii 13

XII. XXX

Braunspath

iL

04 106

T\] pi ■si^li wai*7P

ii. L20

Braunstein, grauer

iL 419

1 pi <!Pr1 wpi f*

iii. 13

rother

ii. 106

Bleivitriol

ii. 142

piemontLscher

iL 232

Bleiweiss

ii. 1M

schwarzer

iL 416

Blende

iii. 31,32

Braunsteinkiesel

iL 359

Blind coal

iii. 04

Brazilian emerald

iL353

Bloedite

iii. 70

Breislakite

iii. 20.

Blue copper

ii. 162

Breunnerite

L 411

felspar

ii. 292

Brewsterite

iii. 80

lead ii. LftL iii. Li

Brithyne-salt

ii. 54

spar

ii. 292

Brittle silver-glance

iii. 22

vitriol

ii. 44

sulphuret of silver iii. 2_2

Blutstein

ii. 404

Brochantite

iii. £1

Bole

Hi. 179

Brongniartin

ii. 54

Bolognese-spar

ii. Ul

Bronzite

iL207

Boracic-acid

iL 25

Brookite

iii. 82

Boracite

ii. 347

Brown coal

iiL Ql

Borate of lime

ii. 220.

Brown coal, trapezoidal

I iii. £2

of magnesia

iL347

Brown lead-spar

ii. 130

of soda

ii. 52

Brownspar

ii. 9JL 102

Borax

iL 52

Brucite

iii. 82, M

Borax-salt

iL 52

Bueklandite

iiL 8a

Boraxs'aure

ii. 25

Bunter Kupferkies

ii. 467

Boraxsaures Natron

iL

Buntkupfererz

ii. 467

Borazit

ii, 348

Byssolith

iL 275

294

Cacholonff

ii. 332

Calamine

ii. Ill

electric

ii. IM

prismatic

ii. 108

rhoi"iil >nidfil

ii 111

11* 111

■

Calaite

lil. llvf

Calami te

ii. 278

Calcareous ernr

tufa

ii. QO

Calcedony

ii. 3 21

Calcsinter

ii.

Cnntipl-pftal i

' 11 V X V* Vy 11 1 X

ii C>]

lit V 1 • \t*9

Caoiitrhoulr mineral

Canillarv nvrites

oijixxni y i / f i ii^ro

iiL 130

Carbon, mineral

iiL OA

Carbonate of bary tes

il 1111

of copper, blue

ii. 1G7

of copper, green

ii. 116

of iron

ii. 1112

of lead

iL W±

of lime

ii. £3_

of magnesia

iii. 121

of magnesia and iron ii. OR

of manganese

ii. io«

of soda

ii. 22

of strontian

ii. U6

of zinc

ii. Ul

Carbonic-acid

ii. 22

Carburetted hydrogen

gas

it m

Carin thine

ii. 278

Carnelian

ii. 327

Carpholite

iii. HH

Cats eye

ii. 321

Cawk

ii. m

Celestine

ii. 12l>

Cellular pyrites ii.

4G0. 464

Cerent

ii. 394

Cerine

• •

ii.

Cerinstein

• •

394

Cerite

■ •

ii.

Cerium, filiate of

• * *

iu.

oxide' siliceux rouge ii.

oj>.yae siucuere

• •

ii.

l enum-oi e

• •

n.

lllaivisiDie

* •

ii.

394

fM"l Cl^^ of in

pribllla lie

* * •

m.

ii.

394

LJiaoa.sie

• *

u.

232

v.. naniasuc

• •

ii.

232

■ •

n.

an

• . ■

m.

mi

v^narcoai, mineral iu.

Chaux anhydro-sulfatee

#■

W 1 *

^ ii.

uz

uoraite Mii^euse

• •

n.

2211

carbonatee

ii.

111

diuiiiiiiiicrt;

• •

n.

OA

icri Ucrre ii.

102

ferrif ere perlee

• *

u.

Hi

ferro-mangan 6sl

-

lere

• •

n.

04

IIlai^IK ollL 11 •

114,

M

luaiiganesiitre

robe

• ■

n.

94

quartzifere

■ •

11.

92

fluatee

• •

n.

m

phosrjhatt'e

■ -

n.

sulfatee

ii,

$i

anhydre

ii.

62

e'pigene

• -

n.

05

Chiastolite

* . .

in.

84

Childrenite

* * •

in.

85

Chlorite

• •

193

Chloropal

• • .

in.

85

Chlorophceite

iii.

M

Chlorophane

. •

n.

22

INDEX.

295

Chondrocyte

iii. 81

Chromate of iron

ii.3DG

of lead

ii. 137

of lead and copper iii. 167

Chromeisenstein

ii. 396

Chrome-ore

ii. 3L»tf

Chromsaures Blei

ii. 137

Chrysoberil

ii. 3G4

Chrysocolla

ii LM

Chrysolite.

ii. 345

Chrysoprase

ii. 327

Cinnabar

iii. 4.4

hepatic

iii 45.

Cinnaraon-stone

ii. 364

Clay

iii. 1M

Clay slate

ii 21*3

Claystone

iii 1EQ

Cleavelandite

ii 251

Clinkstone

ii. 250

Coal

iii. 61

black

iii. 6_L 62

blind

iii. 64

brown

iii. &L62.

coarse

iii ££

columnar

iii. 65.

common

iii. 61

earthy

iii. 62.

foliated

iii. 63

glance

iii. 64

pitch

iii. 63

slate

iii

Coarse coal

iii 63

Cobalt, arseniate of

ii. 124

arseniate'

iil£4

arsenical

ii452

bright white ii. 452. 455

earthy

iii 76

Cobalt gris

455

prismatic red

• ■

n.

184

radiated white

« •

n.

45 i

red

• ■

184

silver-white

» ■

ii.

455

sulphate of

■ . .

in.

115

sulphuret of

* • •

m.

im

tin-white

ii.

452

Cobalt bloom ii. 184.

186

Cobalt crust

ii.

186

Cobalt- Kies

. . ■

in.

m

Cobalt-mica

ii.

184

Cobalt-ochre, black

■ ■ .

in.

7*

yellow and brown

iii.

29

Cobalt-ore, grey

« •

n.

454

Cobalt-pyrites

ii.

452

hexahedral

• •

n.

455

octahedral

. .

11.

452

Cobaltic galena

. . .

in.

m

Cobaltic lead-glance

• . .

in.

w

Coccolite

ii.

272

Cockscomb pyrites

u.

464

Colophonite

ii.

361

Columbite

n.

390

Columnar coal

• • •

m.

6A

Common asbestus

...

in.

138

Common clay

4 . *

111.

Lao

Comptonite

• - .

ill.

ao

Condrodite

111.

81

Copper

11.

444

blue carbonate of

» ■

11.

167

of cementation

ii.

446

chromate of lead

and iii. 16_7

earthy blue iL 170

green carbonate of ii. 175
hydrous phosphateofii. 123

296

INDEX.

Copper, lenticular ii. um Copper-green ii. 152

martial arseniate common ii. 15£

of iii- 142 uncleavable ii. 1511

muriate of iii- 24 Copper, grey iii, \

native ii. 444 antimonial iii. &

oblique prismatic arsenical iii. 3

arseniate of iri. 144. Copper-mica ii. 118

octahedral ii. 444 Copper-Nickel ii. 446

octahedral arseniate Copper-ore ii. 381

of H. 100 .octahedral ii. 381

oxydulated H.381 vitreous iiu 8

phosphate of ii. lfKL 173 yellow ii. 469

prismatic arseniate Copper-pyrites ii. 467. 469

°*' ii. 164 octahedral iL 467. 469

purple ii. 467 pyramidal ii. 469

radiated blue ii. 1^0 tetrahedral iii. 1

red oxide of ii. 381 yellow ii. 469

rhomboidal arseniate Cordierite ii. 3.12

of ii. 118 Corindon ii. 209

rhomboidal emerald ii. 12] Cork, rock ii. 270

seleniuret of iii. 1M Corneous lead ii. 156;

seleniuret of silver manganese iii. 123.

and iii. Q4 mercury ii. 15£

sulphate of ii. 44 silver ii. 154

sulphuret of Hi. 8 Corundum ii. 225. 222

sulphuret of silver dodecahedral ii. 2125

and iii. 23 octahedral ii. 225, 2HS

variegated ii. 467 prismatic ii. 324

velvet-blue iii. 1M rhombohedral ii. 2H0

vitreous iii. 8 rhomboidal ii. 222

Copper-black ii. 472 Crichtonite ii 399

Copper-glance Hi. 1 Cronstedtite iii.

argentiferous iii. 7_3 Cross stone il 223

di-prismatic iii. 5 Cryolite ii. 66.

prismatic iii. 8 Cryone-haloide ii. Cfi

prismatoidal iii. 4 Crysoheryl ii. Mi

rhomboidal iii. 8 Crystal, rock ii. 325

tetrahedral iii. 1 Cube-ore ii. lGf

207

Cubbit ii. 221

Cuivre arseniate ii. Jiii

hexagonal lamel-

li forme iL 170

lamelliforme ii. Vjj)
octaedre aigu iL LQ1
octaedre obtus ii. LM
primitif iL 100

carbonated ii. 107- L25
bleu iL 162

terreux iL 158

vert ii. 1M. U5

ciioptase ii. 121

gris iii. 1

hydrate siliceux ii. 1_5_S
kydro-siliceux iL 15.0
natif iL 444

oxide' rouge it. 381

oxidule ii. 381

phosphate ii. lfifi. 173
pyriteux iL 409

£ yriteux hepatite ii. 467
se'lenie' iii. 1M

argental iii. 04

sulfate' iL 11

sulfure' iii. 8

Cupreous bismuth iii. 01
manganese iii. 02

sulphate of lead ii. 14a
sulphato-carbonale

of lead ii. 110

Cupriferous suiphuret

of bismuth iii. 01
Cyanite ii. 213

Cymophane ii. 3M

Cyprine iL 330

Datolite

Demant iL 3M

Demantspath ii. 200

Diallag, talkartiger ii. 200
Diallage fibro-laminaire

jii(5talloide iL 208
green ii. 272. 274

me'talio'i'de ii. 200, 208, 200
verte ii. 275

Diamant iL 306

Diamond ii. 306

Diaspore iii. 02

Diatomous Jumphone-

spar iL 234

Schiller-spar iL 2M
Dichroite ii. 310

Diopside ii. 208, 21*

Dioptase ii.
Diploite iii. 1M

Di-prismatic Copper-
glance iii. 5
Bal-baryte iL 112
Iron-ore ii. 414
Lead-baryte ii. 180
Olive-malachite iL 1£8
Dipyre iL 201
Disthene iL 213
Disthene-spar ii. 213
Dodecahedral Azure-
spar ii. 288
Corundum- ii. 203
Garnet ii. 350
Garnet-blende iii. 32
Iron-ore iL 403
Kouphone-spar ii. 225
Mercury iL 431
Dolomite ii. OIL 08
Doubly refracting spar ii. 02
Drawing slate iii. l&l

2<J8

INDEX.

Dutteustein

ii. aa, ait

Dystome spar

ii. 220

Earth, fuller's

iii. 182

Earth, yellow-

iii. 187

Earthy coal

iiL 62

Earthy cobalt

iii. 28

Egeran

ii. 354

Eisen, arseniksaures

ii. 1£2

gediegen

ii. 442

kohlensaures

iL 102

phosphorsaures

ii. 188

Eisenblau

ii. Wl

Eisenbluthe

iL 29

Eisenchrom

iL syfi

Eisenerde, grime

iiL 1M

Eisenglanz

ii. 404

Eisenkalk

iL LQ2

Eisenkies

iL 457

Eisenkiesel

iL321

Eisen opal

iL 332

Eisenoxyd

ii. 404

Eisenoxyd-hydrat

iL 410

Eisenschussig Kupfer-

grLln

iL 158

Eisentitan

ii. 376

Eisenvitriol

iL 41

Eisspath

ii. 2hl

Elaolite

iii. 23

Elaterit

iiL 5£

Electrum

ii.436

Emerald ii.

313. 316

brazilian

iL 353

oriental

iL 303

prismatic

ii. 313

rhombohedral

ii. 3J£

rhomboidal

iLaiiJ

Emerald copper

ii. 17]

Emerald-malachite iL 121

prismatic iii. 95

rhombohedral ii. 12]

rhomboidal iL 121

Emeraude iL 3Jil

Emery iL 30J
Empyreumatic Hydro-

gea-gas iL IB

Empyrodox Quartz ir. 337

Epidote ii. 282

manganesifere iL 235

Epsom-salt ii. 48

Erdkobold iL 1M

Erdpech iii. 53

Erdkohle iii. Gl

Erddl iiL

Essonite ii. 364

Etain oxydt* ii. 384

Eucairite iii. Q4.

Euch lore-mica iL 128

prismatic ii. 18ii

pyramidal ii. L22

rhombohedral iL 178

Euchroite iii. OA

Euclase iL 313

Eudialyte iii. QG

Fahlerz iiL 1

Fahlunite iii. 02

hard iL 3211

Faserkiesel iL 321

Faserzeolith ii. 23G

Fassait iL 2118

Feldspath iL 251

apyre ii. 2H3

bleu iL 292

gemeiner iL 251

glasiger iL

■

!

INDEX. 299

Feldspath re'sinite

iL337

Flinty slate

ii. 326

Feldstein

i i . 251

Floatstone

ii. 321

F eld-spar

iL 250

Flos ferri

ii. ai

blue

ii. 2fl2

Fluate of cerium

iii. iM

prismato-pyrami-

of lime

iL ffi

dal

ii. 264

Fluellite

iiL lul

prismatic

ii. 2A1

Fluid Mercury

iL 432

pyramidal

ii. 2114

Fluor

iL £9

rhombohedral

ii. 2M

Fluor-haloide

iL 09

rhomboidal

ii. 250

octahedral

ii. 69

Felspar

ii. 25_L

rhombohedral

iL 23

Fer arseniate'

ii. 1£2

Fluss

iL Oil

arsenical

ii. 449

Foliated coal

iiL 63

calcareo-siliceux

iL 414

Forsterite

iii. M2

carbure'

a. i9i

Franklinite

ii. 403

chroma te

ii. 396

Fraueneis

ii. 52

natif

iL 442

Frugardite

iL 356

oligiste

u.404

Fuller's earth

iiL 1M

oxide-carbonate'

ii. 102

oxyde" ii. 404. 410

Gadolinite

ii. 371

oxydule'

ii. 400

Gahnit

ii. 293

phosphate'

ii. liili

Galena

iiL 13

sulfate'

ii. 41

hexahedral

iii. 13

sulfurd ii. 457. 462

cobaltic

iiL aa

aciculaire radie

ii. 462

Galmei

ii. ma. in

blanc

iL 462

Gamet

iL 354. 359

ferrifere

iL 465

dodecahedral

ii.359. 364

magnetique

ii. 465

prismatic

ii. 364. 366

Fergusonite

iiL 93

prismatoidal

ii. 366

Fettstein

ill 93

pyramidal

iL354

Feuerstein

ii. 321

tetrahedral

iL357

Fibrolite

iiL 99

Garnet-blende

iii. 32

Figurestone

iiL L0J)

Gas

iL U

Fire-damp

ii. 13

Gaseous Carbonic-acid ii. 22

Fire-opal

u.336

Muriatic-acid

ii. 23

Flexible sulphuret of

Sulphuric-acid ii. 22

silver

UL M

Gediegen Arsenik

ii. 423

Flint

ii. 326

Antimon

ii. 426

COO INDEX.

Gediegen Kben

it 442

Gold, hexahedrul

it 430

Gold

ii. 434

native

it 436

Kupfer

ii. 444

Gold-glance, graphic

iit 21

Platin

ii. 441

yellow

iit 171

Quecksilber

it 433

Gothite

it 413

Spicssglanz

it 42G

Grammatit

ii. 275

Silber

it 433

Granat

ii. 350

Silvan

it 424

Granite, graphic

ii. 2HA

Tellur

ii. 424

Graphic gold

iit 21

Wismutk

it 430

granite

it 2M

Geblenite

Hi. 102

tellurium

iit il

Gekrosstein

ii. £4

Graphite

it mi

Gelbbleierz

ii. UQ

Graphite-mica

ii. 101

Gelbes ltauschgelb

iii. 41

Grau-Braunstein

it 419

Gelb-Menakerz

ii. 373

Grau-Manganerz

it 41 9

Gem

it 223

Graugiltigerz

IU. 1

Gibbsite

iit 103

Grauspiesglaserz

iit 23

Gieseckite

iu. mi

Green earth

it iaa

Gips

it 52

iron-earth

iii. 8G, 100

Gismondin

iii. 174

lead-spar

it \M

G lance

111. 1

vitriol

it 41

Glance-blende

iit ai

Grenat

ii. 359

Glance- coal

iii. OA

Grenatite

ii. 36G

Glanzerz

iii. LL

Grey antimony

iii. 23. m

Glanz-Kobold

ii. 455

nickeliferous

iii. 131

Glanzkohle

iii. G5_

Grey copper

iii. 1

Glaserz

iii. LI

antimonial

in. a

Glass, Muscovy

it 202

arsenical

iii. a

Glauberite

it 54

Grobkohle

iit fil

Glauber-salt

it ai

Grossular

it 359

anhydrous

it aa

GrUnbleierz

it 131

prismatic

ii. ai

Grune Eisenerde

iit IM

Glaubersalz

it ai

Griinerde

ii. 194

Glimmer

ii. urn

Gurhofian

it 02

Gmelinite

iit 101

Gyps

it 52

Gold

it 43G

Gypsum

ii. 52

gedicgcn

it 43(i

anhydrous

ii. G2

graphic

iit 21

axi frangible

ii. 52

IN'DF.X.

301

Gypsum, prismatic

ii.

G2

prismatoidal

ii.

52

Gypsum-haloide

• •

n.

prismatic

ii.

62

prismatoidal

ii.

51

Ilabroneme-malachite

ii.

173

hemi-prisma tic

• •

11.

175

prismatic

• *

ii.

173

Hair-salt

« •

u.

ill

Hal-baryte

• •

1113

di-prismatic

• •

1!.

11a

hemi-prismatic

• . .

111.

71

peritomous

ii.

us.

prismatic

■ •

121

prismatoidal

♦ •

n.

l_21i

Haloide

« -

n.

57

Halotrichum

• ■

11.

Hard Fahlunite

• «

11.

32Q

Harmotome

. •

11.

009

Hart-Wasser

ii

21

Hatchetine

. . .

iu.

106

Haiiyne

. . .
Ul.

107

Heavy-spar

• ■

11.

121

Heliotrop

■ •

n.

321

Heliotrope

ii.

327

Helvine

• *

ii.

357

Hematite, black

* •

n.

413

brown

• •

n.

412

red

• «

n.

408

Hemi-prismatic Augite

spar

• •

n.

274

Habroneme-mala-

chite

ii.

175

Hal-baryte

. . •

in.

71

Kouphone-spar

• •

n.

242

Lead-baryte

• «

n.

132

Natron-salt

• >

27

Hemi-prismatic Ruby-

blende

■ • *

Ul.

42

Schiller-spar

ii.

207

Sulphur

• . ■

m.

4H

Vitriol-salt

» •

11.

41

Hepatic Cinnabar

- * .

Ul.

45

Hepatit

ii.

121

Hepatite

11.

124

Hessonite

u.

365

Heulandite

ii. 2iiL

242

Hexahedral Cobalt

-py-

rites

ii. 455

Glance-blende

iii. 31

Gold

iL 436

Iron -pyrites

ii. 457

Kouphone-spar

il 227

Lead-glance

iii. 13.

Lirocone-malachite ii. Ifi2

Pearl-Kerate

ii. 154

Hock-salt

ii. 2fi

Silver

ii. 433

Silver-glance

iii. 11

Hialith

ii. 332

Hiazinth

ii. 368

Hisingerite

iii. 108

Holz, bituminoses

iii. 01

Hone

iii. 156

Honeystone

iiL 5G

Honigstein

iii. Sfi

Hopeite

iii. Hi2

Hornblei

ii. LIU

Hornblende

ii. 274

Hornerz

it Ul

Hornquecksilber

ii. IM

Horn silver

ii Ul

Hornstein

ii321

Hornstone

•ii 321

Houille

iii. 01

30% INDEX.

1 1 urn bold tine

Hi. 110

Iron, native

ii. 442

Humboldtite

a. 22ii

ortfilipfirAl

U L L U 1 1 L VI 1 1

ii 449
ii. ^ * —

II u mite

iii. Ill)

oxvdulated

ii. 339

Hyacinth ii. 365. 2£H

prismatic blue

ii. IBB

H valite

phosphate of

ii. \M

H valo^idcvite

iii 111

U_l> 111

spathose

ii. 102

Hvdrate of TVfaornpsifl

iii 1 19

111* M *

specular

ii. 404

W vc\ Vticrpn.nrnc

ii 17

11. X j

sulphate of

iu 41

^arhiirptfpfl

iL 1 J'{

titanitic

it 397

emovreumatir

ii. Iff

IX. 1 \J

tungstate of

ii. 387

^iK^jviiuruub

11. Lit

Iron-earth, green iii. 8£L ]M

phosphuretted

ii. 12

iron-runt

11. o2o

pure

ii. 11

xron-iioui, leu

11. 4Ui{

sulphureous

ii. m

Ul U W 11

ii 491

sulphuretted

iL ID

A I UIJ-ULlLtl

ii 1 ftft
11. 1 <)()

Hvdrolite

iii. 1114

ii on-oi e

n. oy>

Hydrophane

ii. 332

axoiomuiis

u. *>y /

Hypers tene

ii. 21113

D1ULK

11. 4 1 O

Drown

ii A1t\

11. 410

Ice-spar

ii. 251

lUllllllIlal \.ld_y

11. 4vo

Ichthyophthalm

ii. 240*

di-prismatic

ii. 414

Idocrase

ii. 354

dodecahedral

ii. 403

Idokras ii. 354. 364

lenticular clay

ii. 408

Ignis fatuus

ii. 2H

magnetic

iL 401

Ilvait

ii. 414

micaceous

ii. 408

Indianite

iii. 113

octahedral

ii. 399

Indicolite

ii. 353

pitchy

iii Uli

Iolite

ii. 310

prismatic

ii 410

Iridium

iii. LL4

red ii.

404. 407

Iridium and osmium.

rhombohedral

ii. 404

alloy of

iii 111

rhomboidal

ii 404

Iron

ii. 442

specular

ii. 407

arseniate of

ii. 1112.

Iron-pyrites ii.

457- 462

arsenical

it. 449

common

ii. 457

carbonate of

ii. 1D2

hexahedral

ii. 457

chromate of

ii. 306

magnetic

it 465

earthy blue

ii. lflfl

prismatic

ii461

hydrous oxide of

ii. 410

rhombohedral

ii. i<;:>

INDEX.

303

Iron-pyrites, rhoinboidal ii. 405

Kieselmalachit

iL IhX

white

ii. 462

Kieselsch-iefer

ii. 321

Iron-sand

iL 401

Killinite

iii. 117

Ironshot copper-green

ii. 1511

Knebelite

iii LL8

Iron-sinter

iii 115

Kobalt, arseniksaure3

ii. 184

Iron-stone, green

ii. 3C4

Kobaltbliithe

iL 184.

Kobaltglanz

ii. 455

Jade

iii. 142

KochsaLz

iL 23

Jamesonite

L471

Kohlenblende

iii. 05

Jargon de Ceylon:

u.371

Kohlensaure

iL 22

Jasper

ii. 321

Kohlensaurer Baryt

ii. 112

Jayet

i ii. fil

Strontian

ii. 11£

Jeffersonite

iii. 115

KohleDsaures Eisen

iL 1112

Jet

iii. 01

Blei

iL 130

Kupfer ii.

107. 175

Kalamit

iL 275

Siangan

ii. 1M

Kalk

ii. 84

Natron

ii. 2J

flusssaurer

iL CD

Kohlenwasserstoffgas

iL 18

kohlensaurer

ii. 04

Kokkolith

iL 208.

phosphorsaurer

ii. 23

Kolophonit

ii 359

wasserfreier schwe-

Korund

ii. 229

felsaurer

ii. 02

Kouphone-spar

ii. 224

wasserhaltiger

axotomous

ii. 24£

schwefelsaurer

Ii. llZ

diatomous

ii. 234

Kalkstein

ii. 83

dodecahedral

ii. 225

Kalktuff

ii. 83

heini- prismatic

ii. 242

Kallochrom

ii. 137

hexahedral

ii. 227

Kalzedon

iL 321

paratomous

ii. 222

Kamkies

ii. 462

prismatic

ii. 236

Kaneelstein

ii. 304

prismatoidal

iL23a

Kannelkohle

iii. 01

pyramidal

ii. 214

Kaolin

ii. 203

rhombohedral

ii. 232

Karinthin

ii. 275

trapezoidal

iL 221

Karpholite

iii. LLli

Kreide

ii. S3

Karstenit

iL 02

Kreuzstein

iL 222

Katzenauge

ii. 221

Krisoberil

ii. 304

Kerate

ii. LSI

Krisolith

ii. 315

Kieselkupfer

ii. IM

Krisopras

ii* 32*

3J4 IXDF.X.

Kryolith

ii. 66

Lazulilh

ii. 202

Krystallislrte Bhmeisen-

ku'rniger

iL 2M

erde

ii. IM

split triger

ii. 202

Kupfer, gediegen

ii. 444

Lead, arseniate of

ii m

kohlensaures u.

1G7. 175

blue

iiL 13

phosphorsaures

ii. 173

carbonate of

ii. IM

Rupierbraun

ii 3U1

chromate of

iL137

Kupferfahlerz

Hi* 1

corneous

iL IM

Kupferglanz

iiL a

cupreous sulphate of ii. 149

Kupferglas

iiL fi

cupreous* sulphato.

Kupferglimmer

ii. 178

carbonate of

iL 149.

Kupfergri'm

iL ihli

molvbdate of

iL 140

Kupferindig

iii. IlR

murio-carbonafe ofii. IML

Kupferkies

ii 469

native

iiL 129

gemeiner

iL 469

phosphate of

ii. 133

bunter

H. 467

sulphate of

ii. 142

Kupferlasur

ii. 167

sulphato-Ui-cai'bo-

Kupfemickel

iL 44*6

nate of

ii. 141

Kupferroth

ii. 381

sulphatocarbonate of ii. 148

Kupferschaum

ii. IM

sulphuret of

iii. 15

Kupfersmaragd

ii. HI

tungstate of

iiL IM

Kupfervitriol

ii. ±1

Lead and copper, chro-

Kyanite

ii 21A

mate of

iiL 167

Lead-baryte

iL 130

Labrador

ii. 25_L

axotomous

ii. 114

Labrador schiller-spar

iL 2011

di-prismatic

ii. IM

Labradore felspar

ii. 2M

hemi-prismatic

ii. 132

Labradorite

ii. 267

peritomous

ii. IM

Lapis lazuli

H. mi

prismatic

ii 112

Lapis ollaris

iL 196

pyramidal

iL 110

Lasurstein

ii. 2M

rftombohedral

ii. 133

Latrobite

iii. Oil

Lead-glance

iiL 13

Lautnonite

ii.234

cobaltic

iiL M

Lave alte're'e alunifere

i ii C7

hexahedral

2L 13

vitreuse obsidienne ii. 337

Lead-spar, brown

ii. Kill

vitreuse perlJe

ii. 337

di-prismatic

ii. 130

vitreuse pumicee

ii 337

green

iL 136

Lazrrlite ii. 2iiIL 22M»

hemi-prismatic

ii. 137

INDEX.

305

Lead-spar, prisma-

i^iQiuu oiiipnuri(.-aciu

it 9J.

11. mJ*

IIC 1U

1V7 1J9
io / • 1 ** *

r i i*i r» ah i f.3
l.jll 1CU1U Lc

ii ICO

11. 1W

pyramidal.

■Si lin

ii 1G0

rcu

ii 1^7

IIL AalllUI til

ii L62

rhomboidal

11. i.L>l5

pribinaiu.

11 1 ilti

ii. i \i\t

tri-prismatic

11*

JLitnomaige

Ul. liiii

Lebererz

iii« f!4.

Loam

UL IM

j~<eberKies ii.

ico /*/*•'■;
40£. 400,

Loboite

iL 356

l^eeine

iii 1 1 O
ill. 1 1 J

Lomonit

u. 234

Lenticular copper

11. 1UU

Luft, atmosphaerische

iL 2D

Lepidolite

11. ^ILm

Lumachella

iL Ql

crystallized

11. ooo

Lydian stone

iL 326

jueucite

i\ 90J.
11.

AjtrUzat

ii 294

Made

ii. 2M

jjevy ntr

ii; i-^o

Maclureite iii. 8L fifi

Ajievriit;

ii 41 i
11. ill

Macrotypous Lime-ba-

Ligurite

111. Llil

haloide

iL 93

iii l^K
111. LsIlI

Parachrose-baryte

ii. 1M

DOiatc 01

ii 990
11. A^iZ

Magnesia, borate of

iL347

Ctll UUlulLt: UL

ii ft**

carbonate of

iiL 121

nuaie oi

ii. llu

hydrate of

iiL 112

pno>piiaie oi

ii 7*3
11. / «J

native

iiL LL2

suipnaie oi

11. o /

sulphate of

iL 4A

lUligSLaie oi

11. lli)

Magnesia and iron, car

■

1 jinic-ilalUIUf

ii 70

111 / i>

bonate of

ii. OR

ijiacxiji i \ puns

ii QR

Magnesian marble

iiL 122

YYIO i VT\/\1 1 kj

niaLiu iy pous

ii

11. %JO

Magne'sie, boratee

iL 348

IMI (iUIIllUUO

ii 100

11. H/'7

sulfate'e

ii. 48

V\V1 C lift O t" 1 f »
Ul lolllaLlfu

ii -70

11. J if

Magnesite

iiL 121

rl i omh o h o d ra 1

ii. S3

Magneteisenstein

iL399

Limestone

11. Sxi

Magnetic iron-ore

iL 401

brachytypous

iL as

Magnetkies

iL 4G5

macrotypous

ii. 93

Malachite ii. LM, 115

magnesian

ii. DA

di-prismatic green

iL 175

prismatic

iL 29

common

ii. 175

rhomboidal

ii. i!3

prismatic

ii. 1G7

Linsenerz

ii. lfiQ

prismatic blue

ii. 167

Linsenkupfer

ii. im

prismatic green

iL 173

VOL. III.

V

306

INDEX.

Maiacolithe ii. 2M Marble, magnesian Hi. 121

Mangan, koblensaures ii. \M Marekanite ii. 330

Manganblende iii. ai ]Margarite H. 204

Manganese, black ii. 416 Marl ii. 94

carbonate of ii. 1M Marie, bituminous iii. 128
compact grey oxide Marlslate, bituminous ii. 9G

of ii. 418 Marmo bardiglio di Ber-

corneous in. 123 gamo ii. 6&

cupreous iii. 02 Marmolite iii. 124

grey oxide of ii. 419 Martial arseniate of

phospbate of iii. copper iii. 149

rhomboidal red ii. 1M Mascagnine in. 12$

silkiferous oxide of iii. 122 Meionite ii. 2G4

sulphuret of iii. 31 Melane-glance iii. 22

Manganese, carbonate' ii. 1M Melanit ii. 359

oxide" carbonate' ii. 1M Melanite it. 361

oxide bydratd ii. 416 Melichrone-resin iii. 5fi

oxide 7 rose silicifere Mellilite iii. 125

amorphe ii. 1M MelUte iii &fi
oxyd^ ii. 419 Menachine-ore, brown ii. 375

oxyde" hydrate" con- yellow ii. 375

cre'tionne' ii. 418 Menilite ii. 332

, oxyde'noir-brunatreii^lS Mercure argental ii. 431

sulfure' HI 31 muriate ii. lh&

Manganese.blende iii. ai natif ii. 433

Manganese-ore it 416 sulfure" iii. 41

blac k ii. 418 Mercury ii. 431

compact n.418 dodecabedral iL 431

fibrous ii- 418 fluid it 432

foliated black ii. 416 liquid native ii. 432

ii. 419 muriate of ii. 15fi
prismatic ii. 418. 419 pyramidal corneous ii. ISfi

prismatoidal ii. 419 sulphuret of iii. 44

pyramidal ii. 416 Mergel 83
uncleavable ii. 418 Mergelschiefer, bitumi-

Manganese-spar iii. 122 noser ii. 83

Manganglan* iii. M Mesole in. ^

MaT bte 23 Mesoline m, 12fi

INDEX.

307

Mesolite

ii.237

Mountain soap

UL 1B4

Mesotype

il. 2M

tallow

iii. 107

All* M \J §

epointee

ii. 214

Mullers glass

ii. 332

Metal

ii. 423

Muriate of ammonia

ii. 33

Meteoreiscn

ii. 442

of copper

iiL 24

Mica ii. 17*. lflfl

of mercury

iL 15G

rhomboidal ii. 193, 138

of silver

iL 154

Miemite

ii. 92

Muriatic-acid

iL 23

Mine d'argent grise an

•

Muriazit

iL 62

timoniale

iii. 30

Murio-carbonate of lead u. 150

Mineral-Akali

11, 22

Muscovy glass

it 000

Mineral, agaric

11. 811

Mineral adipocire

iii. 107

Nacrite

ii 1 on

caoutchouk

ui. SO

Nagyager«erz

111. La

carbon

iii. M

XT 1 1. 1 —

Naphtha

IZi en

charcoal iii

. 6iLfi6

Native Amalgam

11. 431

oil

iii. 53

Antimony

11. 42(5

pitch

iii. 53

Arsenic

u. 423

turquois

iii. 213

Bismuth

11. 430

Mineral-coal

iii. 61

Copper

• ♦ AAA

11. 444

bituminous

iiL 01

Gold

iL 43G

non-bituminous

iii. £4

Iron

ii. 442

Mineral-resin

iii. 52

Lead

iiL 123

black-

iii. 53

Nickel

iiL 123

yellow

iii. 6_2

Palladium

iiL 1M

Mispickel

U.449

Platina

iL 441

Molybdanglanz

iiL 15

Quicksilver

ii. 432

Molybdansaures Blei

ii. 140

Silver

ii. 433

Molybdate of lead

ii. lift

Tellurium

ii. 424

Molybdena, rhomboidal iii. 18.

Natrolite

ii. 237

sulphuret of

iiL IB

Natron

iL 22

Molybdena-glance

m. is

boraxsaures

IL 52

Molybdena-silver

iiL 127

kohlensauresr

iL 27

Molybdene sulfure'

iiL IS

prismatic v

iL 22

Molybdic silver

iiL 127

schwefelsaures

ii. 21

Moonstone

a.2£i

Natron-salt

iL 22

Moor coal

iiL 62

hemi-prismatic

iL 27

Moorkohle

iii. £1

prismatic

iL 23

308

INDEX.

Natiirlich Amalgam

ii. 431

Octahedral Copper-ore ii. 301

Kochsalz

ii. an-

Copper-pyrites

ii. 467

Mineral-Alkali

il. 21

Corundum

ii. 233

Natiirlicher Salmiak

iL aa

Diamond

ii. 3GS

Salpeter

iL 24

Fluor-haloide

ii, 63

Schwefel

iii 52

Iron-ore

ii. 399

Vitriol ii. 41. 44, 46

I ron

ii. 442

Needle-ore

iii. 1M

Octahedrite

u. 379

Nenheline

ii. 2M

Oil. mineral

iii. 59

Nenhrite

UL 13J

Oktaedrit

ii. 379

Nickel, arsenical

iL 446

Olive-malachite

iL 161

nrsfiiiatt?

iL 448

di-prismatic

ii. IM

ii. 448

prismatic

iL 134.

native

iiL 129

Olivenerz iL

164. lfifi

Nickel-ochre

iL 448

Olivenit

ii. 134

Nirk pl-r>vri tPS

XI IV 1 1 ' " L 111. J

iL 446

Olivenite acicular

ii. 134

X' IvtVCLllCl ULIO t-i J e»i»—

di-prismatic ii.

160. 166

iii. 131

hexahedral

iL 132

Vi rrri HP
i.> J^llllC

ii. 376

prismatic ii. 164. 166. 173

iii. 132

radiated acicular

iii. 1»44

ii. 34:

Olivenkupfer

iL 164

in lire

ii. 34

Olivin

ii. 345

Nitre-salt

ii. 34

Omphazit

ii.238

Non -bituminous Mine

>

Oolite

ii. 33

ral-coal

iii. te

Opal

ii. 332

Nosin

iiL 157

Opal-jasper

ii. 335

Nuttallite

iiL 133

Opal-jaspis

ii. 332

Or natif

iL 434

Oblique prismatic ar-

Ore

iL 373

seniate of copper

iii. 144

Oriental amethyste

ii. 303

Obsidian

ii. 337

aquamarine

ii. 312

Octahedral Alum-salt

iL 53

emerald

iL 3M

Ammoniac-salt

iL 30

ruby

iL 303

Arsenic-acid

iL 26

sapphire

iL303

Bismuth

iL430

topaz

ii. 303

Chrome-ore

iL 396

Orpiment

iii. 47- 43

Cobalt-pyrites

ii. 452

yellow

iii. -47

Copper

ii. 444

red

iii. 43

INDEX.

Orthite iii. 133
Osmium, alloy of iri-

diura and iii. 114

Oxide of antimony ii. 152

of arsenic ii 23.

of iron, hydrous ii. 410
of manganese, grey

compact ii. 418

grey ii 419

siliciferous iii. 122

of tin ii. 384

of zinc, red ii. 380

siliceous ii. 10.8

Palladium iii. LSI

Papierkohle iii. 6_1

Parachrose-baryte ii. Ml

brachytypous ii. HLL

macrotypous ii» Lilii

Paranthine ii. 264
Paratomous Augite-spar ii. 2fi8

Kouphone-spar ii. 222

Lime-haloide ii. 1M

Pargasite ii. 2fll

Pea-stone ii. 29

Peach ii. IM

Pearl-kerate ii 154

hexahedral ii. 154

pyramidal ii. lAfi

Pearl-mica ii 204

Pearlspar ii. 24

Pearlstone ii 337

Pecherz ii 393

Pechkohle iii. fil

Pechstein ii 337

Pechuran ii 393

Peliom ii 3_12

Pentaklasit ii 26J

Pendot

ii. 345

Peritomous Hal-baryte ii. LL£

Lead-bar yte

11. lol

liu by- blende

111 A A

in. 44

x lcanium-ore

11. O/O

jrerigiimmer

- Ii 1(\A

U. olM

Jrerlslem

iS OQT
11» 997

retalme-spar

11. 2 18

Petalite

ii. 21S

retrosilex resinite

11. oil

j narin at onie

111. 1 Oil

Pharmakosiderit

11. Lq2

Jrnisaiit

11. aim

Phosphate of cop-

per ii.

UKL 173

hydrous

ii 113

«. of iron

ii IM

of lead

ii m

of lime

ii 23

of manganese

iii 13G

of uranium

ii 182

Phosphorit

ii 23

Phosphorkupfererz

ii 173

Phosphorous Hydrogen-

gas

ii. 12

Phosphorsaurer Kalk

ii 23

Phosphorsaures Blei

ii. m

Eisen

ii IM

Kupfer ii.

lm 173

Phosphorwasserstoflgas ii. 12

Photizite

iii 12a

Physalite

ii 311

Picnit

ii. 308

Picrolite

iiil3G

Picropharmacolitc

iii 135

Picrosmine

iii. 132

Pictite

iii 162

Pierre de trippes

ii 61

310

INDEX.

PinitA

in.

i ore t itiui-^pdr

ii *>nn

T 7 * O ~ / ' 1 '"1 V

x ipe-cid^y

Iii 1 ftO

rucUall

ii

11. OOu

X OtcLofl) lilt I iltc VH

Urn ll^l

Pirnn

A vll

ii 35')

filllnVlfltP fvF

iii 150

Pisol i i p

ii AO

ii. 34

it 2R-2

11. ^il^i

r>Ulltl Icl

iii. 159

xiicji) mineral

lu. oli

ir otter s«ciay

1LU 1 Qu

Vif/»Vi * *n rl

ii <10<1

x l abe

ii 3^6

x 1LCU LOdl

iii ftl
III* LLii

T-^ T"rtl-v ni fr\

l rennue

ii 517

Pitch-ore

ii 393

1. llbUlaLlC iilHldlUMie

Pitchstone

ii. 337

Antimony

ii 4° 7

Pitchy iron-ore

iii 1M

i\nxinioiiy»-utir^ ic

ii 151

1A« 1.1 J. A

Plasma

ii 321

2^nvuiiun\ -quince

iii. 4. 21

Platina

ii 441

ulbt 11141c Ul CUJJ«

Pleonaste

ii. 2ii5

per, ouinjue

m 144
in. *

Plomb carbonate

ii 130

JYI htrlllC-dl-pj' 1 IVvo

ii 44<)

carbonate rhomboi-

Augiie-spar

ii OflK

dal

ii 144

iLXin lie

iL 341

chromate"

ii. 137

A/v.ie-maiacnue

ii 1R7

hydro-alumin6

iii 1AQ

A 7 nrr» cnoT

iv/. urc->].)*ir

ii 2Q»>

molybdate'

ii. Liu

jiibinniii-j^uiiiCLr

iii. 1 Q

Hi* X2Z

natif

iii 12fl

JjUrctLlC-aClv*

ii. 25

JUL. At££

phosphate

ii 134

linn v "sjilt

ii. 52

sulfate'

ii. 112

JL> J 1 W 11 V llC.*oili L-

ii. 54

sulfur^

iii. 12

ii. 345

sulfure' antimoni-

Cobalt-raica

u. 1M

fere

111. &

Copper-glance

in. Q

sulfure plombo-

•cu-

Corundum

ii. 3ii4

prifere

Ui 5

Cryone-haloide

ii. Gfi

Plombgorame

iii. 1111

Disthene-spar

ii. 2ia

Plumbago

ii 121

Dystome-spar

ii. 220.

Plumbo-cupriferous sul-

Emerald

ii. 313

phuret of bismuth iii. 1M

Emerald-malachite iii. 95

Polishing slate

iii. 1B4

Epsom-salt

ii. 4fi

Poly halite

iii. 141

Euchlore-mica

ii im

Polyxen

ii. 441

Feld-spar

ii. 254

Porcelain-earth

ii. 252

Gadolinite

ii. 371

Porcelain-jasper

ii 328

Glauber-salt

ii 3J

INDEX.

311

Prismatic Gypsum-ha-

Prismatoidal Hal-ba-

loide

ii. 02

rvte

ii. 126

Habroneme-maia-

Tv nunlione-snar

ii. 2'A\>

chite

ii. 1 7'*

Manganese-ore

ii. 419

Hal-baryte

ii. Ul

Schiller-spar

iL 202

Iron-mica

ii. 1M

Sulphur

iii. 42

Iron-ore

ii. 410

Pseudomalachit

ii. 173

Iron-pyrites

ii. 461

bliittriger

ii. 166

Kou phone-spar

ii. 2M

Pumice

ii. 337

L.ead-baryte

ii. 112

Pure Atmospheric-gas

ii. 20

Lime-haloide

ii. 29

Atmospheric-water ii. 21

L,irocone-malachite ii. IM

Hydrogen-gas

ii. 12

±\1 cltUlfc -J^JUIIK C

111. ii j

Purple-blende

iii. 3JI

Natron-salt

ii. 22

Pycnite ii. 30k Ml

Nickel-pyrites

ii. 446

Pyrallolite

iii. Ill

Nitre-salt

ii. 31

Pyramidal Copper-py-

•

Olive-malachite

ii. 104.

rites

ii. 469

Petaline-spar

ii. 2U1

Euchlore-mica

ii. 152

Purple-blende

iii. M

Feld-spar

ii. 261

Quartz

ii. 310

Garnet

iL354

Scheelium-ore

ii. 387

Kouphone-spar

ii. 241

Schiller-spar

ii. 211

Lead-baryte

it 110

Sulphur

iii. 52

Manganese-ore

U.416

Talc-mica

ii. 123

Melichrone-resin

iii. q&

Tantalum-ore

iL390

Pearl-kerate

iL lfifi

Tellurium-glance

iii. lfi

Scheelium-bary te

iL 113

Titanium-ore

ii. 373

Tin-ore

ii. 334

Topaz

ii. 30«

Titanium-ore

ii. 379

Triphane-spar

ii. 21ii

Zircon

ii. 368

Vitriol-salt

it 46

Pyreneite

ii. 361

Zinc-baryte

ii. 1M

Pyrites

ii. 446

Prismatoidal Antimo-

auriferous

iL461

ny-glance iii. 2JL 2£>

capillary

iiL Uil

Augite-spar

iL 2£2

cellular ii. 460. 464

Azure-spar

iL 2J12

cockscomb

ii. 464

Copper-glance

... .
m. 4

hepatic

iL 461

Garnet

iL 366

magnetic

ii. 465

Gypsum-haloide

ii. 52

radiated

ii. 464

312

INDEX.

Pyrites, spear

Pyromorphit

Pyrop

Pyrope

Pyrorthite

Pyrosinalite

Pyro-sraaragdus

Pyroxene

ii. 464
ii. Lii
ft. 359
ii. 361
iiL U2
iiL 143
iL 72
ii. 2HR

ii. 31iL 325
ii. 326
ii. 337
ii. 327
ii. 337

Quartz

common
empyrodox
fibrous
fusible
hyalin-concre'tionneii. 332
indivisible iL 332. 337
prismatic ii. 319

prismato-rh omboi-

dal
resinite
rhombohedral
rhomboidal
rose

spongiform

uncleavable
Quecksilber, gediegen ii. 433
Quecksilber-Hornerz ii. IM
Quecksilber-Lebererz
Quicksilver, native
Quicksilver liver-ore

ii. aia

ii 332
ii. 321
ii. 321
ii. 320
ii. 321
ii. 332

iii. 41
ii. 432
iiL 45

Radiated acicular oli-

venite iii. 144

Rauschgelb iii. 4J

gelbes iiL 42

rothes iii. fift

Rauchwacke iii. 23

Rautenspath ii. 94, Q8

Realgar iii. 4& 50

Red antimony iii. 3G

manganese, rhom-
boidal iL 1M
orpiment iiL 4£
silver iii. SB
vitriol iii. 145
Resin iii. 5fi
Retinasphalt iii. 14£
Retinite iii. 1413
Rhietizit ii. 213
Rhodochrosit iL Ulfi
Rhodonite iii. 123
Rhombohedral Alum-

haloide iL 67

Antimony ii. 426

Corundum ii. 292

Emerald ii. 3M

Emerald-malachite ii. HI
Euchlore-mica ii. 128
Feld-spar ii. 2M

Fluor-haloide ii. 23
Graphite-mica ii. \Ql
Iron-ore ii. 404

Iron -pyrites ii. 465

Kouphone-spar ii. 222.
Lead-baryte ii. 133
Iyime-haloide ii. 82
Molybdena-glanceiii. 12

ii. 2114
ii. 321
iL 22
ii. 122
ii. 349
iL 111
ii. 2& 02
ii. 279
iL 325

Pearl-mica
Quartz
Ruby-blende
Talc-mica
Tourmaline
JZinc-baryte

Rhomb-spar

Rock-cork

Rock-crystal

INDEX.

313

Rock-milk

ii. fill

Salt

ii. 22

Rock-salt

ii. 3G

common

ii. 2fi

Rock-wood

ii. 279

Salzsaiire

ii. 23

Roestone

ii. &a

Saphir

ii.2aa

Rohwand

ii. 1M

Sapphire

ii. 3iil

Roschgewachs

iii. 20

oriental

ii. 203

Rose quartz

ii. 326

d'eau

ii. m

Roseli te

iii.

Sarcolite iii 1114. 147

Rosszahn

ii. lull

Sassoline

ii 25

Rothbleierz

ii. 131

Satin. spar

ii. 82

Rotheisen stein

ii 404

S augkalk

ii 84

Rothes Rauscbgelb

iiL 50

Saussurite

iii UR

Rothgiltigerz

iii. 33

Scapolite

ii. 2M

Rothkupfererz

ii 381

Scbabasit

ii. 232

Rothspiesglaserz

iii. 36*

Schalstein

ii. 2fifi

Rubinglirumer

ii. 413

Sche'elin, calcaire

ii 113.

Ruby

ii. 201

ferrugine'

ii. 387

oriental

ii. 3M

Scheelit

ii. 113.

spinelle ii. 2M

Scheelium-baryte

ii 113

balas

ii. 2im

Scheelium-ore

u.387

Ruby-blende

iii. as

Schieferspath

ii 83, 04

hemi-prismatic

iii 42

Schilfglaserz

iii 31

peritomous

iii. 14

Schiller-spar

ii. 206, 202

prismato-rhomboi-

axotomous

ii 274

dal

iii. 41

common

ii. 2M

rhombohedral

iii. 33

diatomous

ii. 2013

rhomboidal

iii. aa

hemi-prismatic

ii 207

Ruby silver

iii. 3S

labradore

ii. 200

Ruby sulphur

iii 4a

prismatic

ii 211

Russkohle

iii 01

prisma toidal

ii 2iia

Rutile

ii 376

Schillerspath

ii 2M

Schillerstein

ii 24HL 207

Sahlit

ii 2fifi

Schmelzstein

ii. 2fi4

Sal ammoniac

ii. aa

Schmirgei

ii 2M

Salamstein ii. 2;)fi. aaa

Schorl

ii 349

Salamstone

ii. aoi

Scbbrlartiger Beril

ii 30S

Salmiak

ii aa

Schrifterz

iii 21

Salpeter

ii 34.

Schrift-TeUur

iii. 21

31 4 INDEX.

Schwaden ii. 23 SUber, gediegen iL 433

Schwarz Braunstein, -Silberglanz iii. 11

bliittriger iL 41G Silber-Hornerz ii. 1M

dichter ii. 418 Silberspiessglanz iL 427

fasriger ii. 418 Silice fluatee alumi-

Schwarzbleierz ii. 130 neuse ii. 303

Schwarzeisenstein ii. 418 Siliceous oxide of zinc ii. 103

Schwarzerz iii. L 31 sinter iL 332

Schwarzgiltigerz iii. L 22 Siliciferous oxide of

Schwarzkohle iii. 01 manganese iii- 122

Schwarzmanganerz ii. 418 Sillimanite iii 153

Schwarzspiesglaserz iii. 5 Silvan, gediegen iL 424

Schwefel iii- 52 Silver ii. 433

Schwefelkies ii. 457 antimonial iL 429

Sckwefelsaiire iL 24 arsenical iL 429

Schwefelsaurer Baryt ii. 121 bismuthic iii. 28

Kalk, wasserfreier ii. fi2 black ii. 435

Kalk, wasserhalti- brittle sulphuret of iii. 22

g er iL 5_2 flexible sulphuret

Strontian ii. 12fi of iji. 30

Schwefelsaures Natron ii. 31 hexahedral >?L 433

Schwefelwasserstoffgas ii. 10 hexahedral come-

Schweflichte Saure ii. 23 OUS iL 1M

Scbwerspath ii- ^ molybdic iiL 122

Schwerstein iL U3 muriate of iL iM

Schwimmkiesel ii. 321 native iL 433

Schwimstein iL 321 red HL 38

Scolezite ii. 232 sulphuret of iii. 11

Scorodite iii- 142 vitreous iii. 11

Scorza ii- 371 white iiL 2£

Sea-salt ii- 3_2 Silver and antimony,

Selenite CO sulphuret of iiL 30

Seleniuret of copper iii. 150 Silver and copper, se-

of silver and copr leniuret of iiL 04

per iii. 04 sulphuret of iii. 23

Semi-opal ii. 335 Silver-glance iiL 11

Serpentine iiL lM brittle HL 22

Shale, bituminous iiL 128 hexahedral uL U

INDEX.

315

Sil vef -glance, rhomboidal iii. 22

Sinter, siliceous

• *

it.

332

Skapolith

• ■
a.

2GA

Skorodite

• • ■

m.

140

Slate, adhesive

• • *

177

polishing

in.

184

Slate coal

iii.

Slate-spar

• •

n.

Smaragd

ii.

am

Smaragdite

ii.

274

Smoky topaz

• •

n.

330

Snuff, Spanish

• •

ii.

425

Soap, mountain

i* '
111.

184

Soapstone

• • •

111.

157

Soda

* •

11.

12

borate of

« •

u.

52

carbonate of

« «

u.

22

nitrate of

iii.

122

sulphate of

• •

11.

31

Sodalite iL 22k

226

Somervillite

...

111.

154

Sommite

• •

u.

250

Sordawalite

• « .

111.

L5J}

Soude boratc'e

- .

11.

52

carbonate'e

. .

11.

27

muriate'e

■ •

u.

nitratee

• . .

1U.

m

sulfate'e

* •

n.

31

Soufre

* , .

m.

52

Spanish snuff

ii.

425

Spar

■ •

u.

206

calcareous

ii.

22

doubly refracting

ii.

22

Bolognese-

■ ■

ii.

124

Spargelstein

- •

n.

23

Sparkies

• «

ii.

462

Sparry iron

11.

101

Spath chatoyant

• •

2M

Spath en tables

11.

286

Spath ose iron

• «

11.

102

Spatheisenstein

• ■

11.

102

Speiskobalt

. -

n.

452

Speiskobold, weisser

* •

11.

452

Sphzerulite

■ • ■

111.

155

Sphserosiderit

« •

u.

J 02

Sphene

• •

11.

373

Spiessglanzbleierz

iii.

Spiessglanzweiss

ii.

152

Spiesglas-Silber

* •

11.

427

Spinel

• •

295

Spinellane

iii.

156

.Spinelle ruby

* •

11.

2,95

Spinelle zincif ere

• •

u.

2<W

Spodumene

ii.

21G

Sprodglaserz

» . •

111.

22

Stangenkohle

Ul.

65.

Staphy line-malachite

* •

u.

158

Staurolite

• *

11.

366

Staurotide

« •

n.

366

Steatite

• . .

m.

157

Steinheilite

■ •

ii.

320

Stein salz

• ■

u.

36.

Stilbite ii.

233,

242

Stilpnosiderite

iii.

158

Stinkgyps

ii.

52

Stinkkalk

* •

u.

84

Stinkmergel

• •

11.

M

Stinkstein

• •

11.

83

Stinkzinnober

• • »

111.

41

Strahlkies

• •

11.

462

Strahlstein ii.

268.

274

Strahlzeolith

« •

u.

23*1

Stromnite

■ . ■

111.

159

Stronthian

ii.

116

Strontian, carbonate

of iii

116

kohlensaurer

• *

ii.

INDKX

Stroutian, schwefelsaurer ii.

12G

sulphate of

• •

n.

12ft

Strontiane carbonate'e

• *

11.

iin

sulfatee

ii.

1211

Strontianite

ii*

116

Subphosphate of alu-

mine

■ « •

in.

im

Succin

> ■ *

in.

&

Sulphate of ammonia

• • .

in.

125

of bary tes

• *

n.

121

of cobalt

Ul.

145

of copper

■ «

n.

44

of iron

ii.

11

of lime

• •

n.

51

of lead

ii.

U2.

of magnesia

ii.

4iS

of potash

...

in.

Uili

of soda

■ •

■£1

of strontia

• •

ii.

12fi

of zinc

ii.

4fi

Sulphato-carbonate of

of lead

ii.

14a

Sulphato-tri-carbonate

of lead

ii.

UA

Sulphur ih\ 42- 52.

hemi-prismatic

iii.

4a

prismatic

...

in.

52

prismatoidal

iii.

47

Sulphureous Hydrogen-

gas

• *

n.

10

Sulphuret of antimony

iii.

23

of bismuth

• • *

in.

19

of bismuth, cupri-

ferous

■ . .

m.

91

of bismuth, plum-

bo-cupriferous

• ■ •

m.

130

of cobalt

iii.

m

of copper

iii.

8

Sulphuret of lead iii. 13
of manganese iii. 21
of mercury iii. 44
of molybdena iii. 18
of silver iii. 11
of silver, brittle iii. 22
of silver, flexible iii. 30
of silver and anti-
mony iii. 30
of tin' iii. Ifi3
of zinc iii. 32
triple iii. 5
Sulphuretted hydrogen gas ii. 19
Sulphuric-acid ii. 23
aeriform ii. 23
gaseous ii. 23
liquid ii. 24
Sunstone ii. 264
Surturbrand iii. 64
Swath ii. 23
Swine-stone ii. 90

Tabular-spar ii. 2M

Tafelspath ii. 23fi

Talc ii 123

Venetian ii. IM

Talc-mica ii. 193

prismatic ii. 193

rhombohedral ii. 123

rhomboidal ii. 193

Talk u. 194

Tallow, mountain iii. 102

Tantale oxide^ ii. 390

Tantalite ii. 390

Tantalum-ore ii. 390

Tel&ie ii- 229
Teilure natif aurifere

et argentifere iii. 2J

INDEX,

Tellure natif aurifere et

plombifere iii. L£>
auro-argenti-

fere iii. 21
auro-ferrifere ii 424
auro-plombifere iii. Hi
ferrifere et auri-
fere ii. 424
Tellurium ii. 424
black iii. lH
graphic iii* 21
hexahedral ii. 424
native ii. 424
prismatic black iii. lfi
yellow iii Hi
Tellurium-glance iii. 16
Tennantite Hi. Ml
Terra miraculosa Sax-

onue iii IRA
Tesselite ii. 242
Tetarto-prismatic Vi-
triol-salt s ii. 41
Tetrahedral Boracite ii. 347
Copper-glance iii. 1
Garnet ii. 357
Tetraklasit ii. 2£4
Thomson ite iii. 1G2
Thoneisenstein ii 404. 410
Thulite iii. 162
Thumerstone ii. 344
Thumite ii. 344
Tile-ore ii. 382
Tin, oxide of ii 384
sulphuret of iii. 162
Tin-ore ii 384
pyramidal ii. 384
cornish ii. 386
Tin -pyrites iii liiil

Tin-stone

• •

n.

386

Tinder-ore

. . .

in.

32

Tinkal

• .

bl

Titane anatase

• •

379

calcareo-siliceux

ii.

373

oxyde

n.

376

silice'o-calcaire

ii.

373

Titanite ii.

375.

376

Titanitic iron

ii.

397

Titanium-ore

ii.

373

peritomous

■ *

n.

376

prismatic

ii.

373

prismato-pyramidalii.

376

pyramidal

♦ ■

379

Topaz

ii.

MR

oriental

. »

303

prismatic

» ♦

308

smoky

♦ •

ii.

330

Topfstein

* »

u.

194

Torrelite

. . .

Ul.

mi.

Tourmaline

ii.

349

Trapezoidal Kouphone-

spar

ii. 224

Traublenblei

ii. 1M

Tremolite

ii 278

Tremolith

ii. 275

Triclasite

iii 92

Triphane

il 216

Triphane-spar

ii. 2ia

axotomous

ii 217

prismatic

ii 216

Triple sulphuret

iii. 5_

Tripoli

iii lZh

Trona ii 27.

iii 164

Tufa, calcareous

ii. UO

Tungstate of iron

ii 387

of lead

iii m

of lime

ii. LL3

318

INDEX.

Tungsten

ii. 113

Turkey hone

iii. IM

Turmalin

ii. 349

Turnerite

iii. IM

Turquois, mineral

hi as

Turquoise

iii. B3

Umber

iii. IM

Uncleavable Cerium-ore ii. 394

Manganese-ore

ii 418

Quartz

ii. 332

Staphyline-mala-

chite

ii IM

Uranium-ore

it 393

Uran-Glimmer

ii. Ifl2

Uran-mica

ii 182

Uran -ochre

ii393

Uran-Oxyd

ii. 182

Uran-Pecherz

ii. 393

Urane oxyde*

ii 1H2

Urane oxydute

ii. 393

Uranite

ii. 1B2

Uranium-ore

ii 393

Uranium, indivisible

ii 393

phosphate of

ii IM

Variolite

ii 259

Vauquelinite

iii 167

Venetian talc

ii IQB

Vesuvian

ii354

Velvet-blue copper

iii IM

Vitreous copper

iii B

silver

iii. 11

Vitriol, blue

ii. 4A

green

ii. 41

natvirlicher ii. 41. 44. 16

prismatic

ii. 44

pyramidal

ii 46

Vitriol, red

...
111.

lAh

rhomboidal

u.

41

white

ii.

iii

Vitriol-Bleierz

■ •

u.

Ll2

Vitriol-salt

• •

n.

41

hemi-prismatic

• •

ii.

41

prismatic

• .

n.

46

tetarto-prismatic

• *

ii.

H

Vivianite

• •

n.

IM

Vulpinite

ii.

64.

Wad, black

• •

u.

421

Wagnerite

Ul.

169

Wand, rohe

« •

u.

100

Wandstein

• •

u.

100

Wasser, Hart-

ii.

21

Weich-

• •

21

Wasserblei

. » .

m.

m

Wasserkies

• •

ii.

462

Wasserstoflfeas

* *

n.

11

— *-

Water

ii.

21

Wavellite

• • »

169

Weich-Wasser

« *

ii.

21

Weichgewachs

Ul.

12

Weissbleierz

• •

ii.

130

Weisser Speiskobold

• »

ii.

452

Weissgiltigerz

• * .

Ul.

2d

Weisspiesglaserz

« •

11.

IM

Wemerite

• •

11.

264

Whet-slate

• • w

111.
ill*

IM

White antimony

11.

152

cobalt, radiated

ii.

454

silver

• • •

m.

29

vitriol

■ •

4£

Wismuth, gediegen

• *

u.

430

Wismuthglanz

in.

m

Withamite

. . •

Ul.

170

Witherite

• •

119

INDEX.

319

Wolfram

ii. 387

Zeob'te, trapezoidal

ii. 224

Wollastonite

iL 2IKI

Zeolith

ii. 2M

Wood, bituminous

iii. 62

Ziegelerz

iL 381

Wood, rock

ii. 219

Zinc, carbonate of

iL 111

Wood-opal

ii. 335

carbonate"

iL 111

Wood-stone

ii 326

oxide

ii. 103

Wood-tin

ii.386

oxide' ferrif ere lamel-

Wiirfelerz

ii- LG2

laire brun rouge-

atre

ii. 380

Yellow earth

iiL 187

oxide* silicifere

ii. 108

gold-glance

iii. 171

red

ii. 380

Mineral-resin

iiL 51

red oxide of

iL 380

orpiment

iii. 41

siliceous oxide of

iL 1M

tellurium

iii. 171

sulphate of

iL 4fi

Yenite

iL 414

sulfate

iL 4£

Yttro-cerite

iiL 172

sulfure*

iii. 32

Yttro-columbite

iiL 173

sulphuret of

iiL 32

Yttro-tantalite

iii. 173

Zink-baryte

iL 108

prismatic

ii. im

Zeagonite

iii. 174

rhombohedral

iL 111

Zeilanit

ii. 225

Zinc-blende

iii. 22

Zelkies ii. 457. 462

Zinc-ore

iL380

Zeolite, axifrangible ii. 244* 246

Zinerz, Kornisch

ii. 384

diatomous

iL 224

Zinkvitriol

ii. 46

di-prismatic

ii. 234

Zinkglas

iL 108

dodecahedrai ii.

224,225

Zinkoxyd

ii. 380 .

efflorescente

ii. 234

Zinkspath

ii. Ill

foliated

ii. 242

Zinnerz

iL384

hemi-prismatic

ii. 242

Zinnober

in. 44

hexahedral

iL 227

Zinnstein

iL384

prismatic

iL 236

Zircon

iL 368

prismatoidal ii.

230. 242

Zirkon

ii. 368

pyramidal ii.

229, 244

Zoisit

ii. 262

pyramido-prismatic ii. 229

Zolestin

iL 126

radiated

ii. 2M

Zurlite

HL 176

rhomboidal

ii. 232

THE END-

ERRATA.

VOL. II.

Page 76. line J. for parallel with faces, read with parallel feces.

90.

20.

C*

C*

131.

a.

Pr + co. Pr + oo

Pr + co. Pr + os.

145.

10.

+ (P-2)<

+ (*-2)«.

~~ 2

— 2

156.

5. from below 2 v 2

••

208.

10.

£ + co

£r + 09.

'244.

21.

P + ©5 («w)

[P + co] (m).

315.

12.

154

153.

367.

14.

forms

formed.

377.

6.

67° W

73° 31'.

379.

15.

120**

13G°.

VOL. III.

45.

27* for rhombohedral read

peritomous.

118.

12.

Kupferinding

Kupferindig.

120.

7-

V 8-3

a/8-38.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

III

3 9015 06458 7481

4