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Experiment Station Library.

Class
Number

Volume ■^

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Cost i! DO

Accession No. \ ^ lo 4 o

Bulletin 145

December, 1909

NE\^ HAMPSHIRE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY

VARIETY TESTS OF OATS

BARLEY. WHEAT AND RYE.

" What shall the harvest be f '

By r. W. TAYLOR.

NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE

OF

AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS

DURHAM, N. H.

NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE

OF

AGRICULTURE AND THE MECHANIC ARTS.

NEW HAMPSHIRE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.

DURHAM, N. H.

BOARD OF CONTROL.

Hon. JOHN G. TALLANT, Chairman, Pembroke

Hon. warren BROWN, Hampton Falls

Hon. N. J. BACHELDER, A. M., M. S., East Aiidover

Hon. E. H. WASON, B. S., Nashua

Pres. WILLIAM D. GIBBS, D. Sc., ex officio Durham

THE STATION STAFF.

E. DWIGHT SANDERSON, B. S., Director and Entomologist.

FREDERICK W. TAYLOR, B. Sc. (Agr.), Agronomist.

CHARLES BROOKS, Ph. D., Botanist.

FRED RASMUSSEN, B. S. A., Dairyman.

B. S. PICKETT. M. S., Horticulturist.

BERT E. CURRY, M. S., Associate Chemist.

T. R. ARKELL, B. S. A., Animal Hushandman.

, Assistant Horticulturist.

W. C. O'KANE, M. S., Assistant Entomologist.
J. C. McNUTT, B. S., Assistant Animal Hushandman.
DAVID LUMSDEN, Assistant in Floriculture.
CHARLES W. STONE, A. M., Farmer.
¥. G. BUNTING, B. S. A., Assistant in Vegetable Gardening.
E. H. THOMSON, B. S., Office of Farm Management, V. S. De-
partment of Agriculture, in cooperation on Farm Surveys,
ALBAN STEWART, A. M., Assistant Botanist.
NETiLIE F. WHITEHEAD, Purchasing Agent.
MABEL H. MEHAFFEY. Stenographer.
MIRIAM L. IIOliBS, Assistant Bookkeeper.
ESTHER LOUISE ADAMS, B. S., Librarian.

The bulletins of the Experiment Station are published at irreg-
ular intervals, and are sent free to all residents of New Hamp-
shire requesting them.

BULLETIN l--^5.

VARIETY TESTS OF OATS. BARLEY. WHEAT

AND RYE.

OATS.

The average annual production of oats in New Hampshire
for the first eight years of the present decade has been, in round
numbers, 400,000 bushels. As compared with the 4,500,000-
bushel yield of IMainc. our neighbor on the east, and with the
3.000,000-bushel yield of Vermont, our neighbor on the west,
our own production seems rather small, as in fact it is, consider-
ing the opportunities for growing the crop which our soils and
climate afford.

With a view of determining what varieties were most suitable,
what might be their comparative yields, and what would seem
to be the limiting factors in production in this state, the New
Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station began a series of
tests in 1904 with the common varieties of oats offered for sale
by New England seedsmen.

In all the field tests for the several years reported on the fol-
lowing pages the same kind and amount of fertilizers has been
used. The following mixture of chemicals, containing 3.75 per
cent, nitrogen, 10.75 per cent, phosphoric acid and 5 per cent,
potash was applied each year at the rate of 400 pounds per acre
at seeding time :

Nitrate of Soda, 200 pounds

Sulphate of Ammonia, 100 pounds

Tankage, "6-30" Grade, 500 pounds

Acid Phosphate, 1,000 pounds

Muriate of Potash, 200 pounds

The oats were in all cases sown as early in the spring as the
ground could be prepared at the rate of 2 bushels per acre, the

142

N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION.

[Bulletin 145

seed and fertilizer being put in with a combined grass, grain and
fertilizer drill. The tests were always made on the most uniform
piece of ground that could be selected for that year, and although
the type of soil varied from year to year, for any given year it
was quite uniform on all of the plots. No manure was applied
directly to the oat gi'ound, but as a rule the oats were sown on
corn ground which had been manured the year previous.

TESTS OF OATS IN 1904.

Size of plots. — 204 x 21^ feet, one tenth acre.

Soil. — Brown loam 6 to 8 inches, underlaid by blue clay.

Date of seeding. — IMay 6.

1
Variety Name.

Source of seed.

Lbs. of straw
per acre.

Type of
panicle.

Lincoln

Black Gotham

"Welcome

Mortgage Lifter

Michigan Wonder .
Tmp. Prize Cluster. . .

English Wonder

Silver Mine

Black Tartarian

White Maine . .

White Russian

Golden Fleece. ....

Breck

Currie Bros

John. & Stokes

John. & Stokes

Hammond

Currie Bros

2920
2800
2900
2810
2705
3190
2805
2800
2710
2.500
2110
2890
3200

Closed.

Spreading.

Closed.

Spreading.

Spreading.

Spreading.

Hammond

Iowa Seed Co

Breck

John. & Stokes

John. & Stokes

Maule 's

Spreading.

Spreading.

Closed.

Closed.

Spreading.

Spreading.

Mold's Black

Maule's

Closed.

Note. — All the varieties made a promising growth during the
early summer. By July 22 all were headed out, but showed
considerable smut. During the last week of July the rust struck
them with such fatal results that the straw broke down at the
fourth or fifth joints and no kernels matured. On August 10
the plots were cut with a mower, the straw dried, drawn to the
barn and weighed.

Dec, 1909.]

OATS, BARLEY, WHEAT AND RYE.

143

TESTS OF OATS IN 1906.

Size of plots. — 264 x 16i/^ feet, one tenth acre.

Soil. — Clay loam.

Date of seeding. — May 4.

Variety Name.

Source of
seed.

•si

bu.
aiu.

83 o3

!r>&

ao

° Ph

X Oj

fl.=4H

pq

;5

. O
4.3

Remarks.

Grey Winter Breck . .

Lincoln Breck . . .

Black Tartarian Breck 42

Long's White Tartar Breck ....

Lothian Breck ....

Hamilton Farquhar

Welcome Farquhar.

Common Western. . ..Feed Bin.

36 0

Aug. 20

19.7

2020

34 5

37 0

Aug. 3

24 1

1930

36 5

42 0

Aug. 3

30 3

2480

35 5

37.0

Aug. 3

35 3

2390

40 5

44 0

Aug. 10

28.8

2800

37.5

42 0

Aug. 13

31.6

2490

39 5

40.0

Aug. 3

38.1

3060

39 5

,39.0

Aug. 3

29.7

1730

31.0

No rust.
Mucli rust.
Some rust.
Some rust.
Little rust.
Some rust.
Much rust.
Much rust.

TESTS OF OATS IN 1907.

Size of plots. — 109 x 20 feet, one twentieth acre.

Soil.— Clay.

Date of seeding. — May 6.

Variety Name.

Source of
seed.

0'S

^

CM

c

be

PI

a
a.

1 05

6

_• a

grain
er acr

traw
r acr

0 .s

IT) Si

M <V

P<«tH

. p<

. A

O

Bus

00

Remarks.

Bristol Black

Fifty-pound Black

Irisli White

Clydesdale

Hamilton

Welcome

Lincoln

Long's White Tartar
Common Western .

Rennie Co.

41.0

Ronnie Co

41.5

Rennie Co . .

35 0

Ross Bros

32 5

Farquhar .

41 5

Farquhar .

37 0

Breck

32 0

N. H. Col.

39 0

Feed Bin .

36.0

Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.

10 65
63
12i65
12|59
1268
852

68
40

0 354029
7 3480 29

0 2610 31
7 3330 31

1 3510 34
5 2200 33
5 2350 32
72540 32
3221028

0 Some rust.
0 Some rust.
5 Little rust.
0 Some rust.
5 Some rust.
5; Little rust.
5jSome rust.
0 Some rust.
0 Much rust.

144

N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION.

[Bulletin 145

TESTS OF OATS IN 1908.

Size of plots. — 208 x 21 feet, one tenth acre.

Soil. — Clay loam, few ledges.

Date of seeding. — ]\Iay 12.

Note. — On account of very dry weather oats did not fill well.

Variety Name.

Source of
seed.

(-1 ta

^ o

^

be

«f-i

o

P

.3 o
teg

pq

CO a;

. a

a:

^.3

© ^
. o

^

Remarks.

"Welcome Farqiiliar

Hamiltou Farquhar

Bristol Black Reuuie Co

Fifty-pound Black RennieCo

Dodd's White Rennie Co

Clydesdale Ross Bros

Long's White Tartar Breck ....
Lincoln .... .... Breck ....

Kherson Field Co .

Golden Fleece [Harris Co

Early Swedisli JGartou Co

Common Western Feed Bin

37
42
40
42
88
33
36
34
33
36
37
37

Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
July
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.

24

25
15
13
20
24

431
4 31
27 34
4 23
3 21
1 28

I86OI35

1900
3650
3040
1882
2660
2097
2025
1350
1470
1155
2340

29
28
34
32
32
33
29
28
29
29
30

Some mst.
Some rust.
Little rust.
Some rust.
Much rust.
Some rust.
Rust slight.
Some rust.
Little rust.
Some rust.
Little rust.
Much rust.

TESTS OF OATS IN 1909.

Size of plots. — 1381/2 x 21 feet, one fifteenth acre.

Soil. — Clay.

Date of seeding. — ISlay 13.

Variety Name.

Source
of seed.

6

•
be

6

. F

d

per b
seed.

of
penin

•3o

eg «

4

■l-> (h

per b
grain.

r°

oi

Q

. ft

Remarks.

Lincoln Gregory . . .

New Swedish Gregory. . .

Golden Sheaf IScli. & Fot

American Wliite Sch. & Fot

Hamilton Fan[uliar

Welcome Farquhar

King Oats Breck ...

Long's White Tartar N. H. Col.
Kherson N. H. Col.

84 51 Aug.

34 0 Aug.
33 5 Aug.
39 5 Aug.
44.0 Aug.

35 0 Aug.

36 5 Aug.
33 5 Aug.
28 Oi. July

935

9L3I

9 28

12 34

10 31

8 40

9 39
7 33

30 36

1777'33
1710 30.
19S7 33
2115 30
1365 29.
1507 32
1,5()0 30
1342 31
1545 1 30

O'Side out.
0 Spreading.
5 Sidi' out.
5 Side out.
5 Spreading.
5 Side out.
5 Side out.
5 Side out.
5 Spreading.

Dec, 1909.]

OATS, BARLEY, WHEAT AND RYE.

145

Note. — On account of July drouth oats headed out short and
did not fill well, very little rust.

In the following table are given the average of the five most
promising varieties as compared with each other and with '' com-
mon western" or oats taken from the feed bin at seeding time.

SUMMARY OF TESTS OF OATS, 1904 TO 1909.

Variety Name.

&

,

•<3 .

0

>

u g

^ g

■^ a

e8

Scg

gg

S^'S

•y

:«H CS

-B c3

9J t^

o

o U

»^

PhSj

u

pq

1^

r°

S ^ _;

■r, '^ t"

Long's Wliite Tartar

Hamilton

Welcome

Lincoln

Kherson

Common Western. .

4

42.1

2092

34 4

4

39 3

2316

33 1

4

88.7

2156

35 2

4

37 1

2020

32 9

2

35 6

1450

29 2

3 .

32 9

2060

29.8

49 7
58.9
55.7
54 5
40.7
62.6

Long's White Tartar has a light colored berry, of good length
and plump. The straw is not heavy and it does not rust badly.

Hamilton has a rather small and short berry with a light
yellow color. The straw is stitf and coarse and is not much
affected by rust.

Welcome is an old and popular variety with a light yellow
berry, plump and of medium length. The straw is fairly stiff,
but rather subject to rust.

Lincoln is a white oat with a short, plump berry. It is an
old standard variety with straw of good length and strength,
but subject to rust.

Kherson is one of the newer varieties imported from Russia
about a dozen years ago, and is now a very popular variety in
Kansas. The berries are dark yellow in color, small but numer-
ous. The straw is short with broad leaves. These oats ripened
a week or ten days earlier than any of the common varieties in
the test. On account of its early maturity it is not much subject
to rust, and although it has been tested for only two years it
seems like a promising variety for grain production.

Common Western is not a variety, but represents the oats

146 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 145

bought in the open market for feed. The weight per bushel
is usually high on account of the oats being clipped and con-
taining more or less barley. The results would indicate that a
greater yield of from five to ten bushels per acre can be obtained
by sowing a regular variety of seed oats than by using the
uncertain mixtures from the fed bin.

THE RUST OF OATS.

This disease is the result of a fungus which attacks the leaves
and stems of the oat plant about the time it is heading out or
in some cases several weeks before. Its presence is made mani-
fest by the yellowish or reddish brown appearance of the oats
which is caused by the clusters of fungus spores. The effect of
the disease is a weakening of the vitality of the plant to such an
extent that it fails to produce seed and frequently breaks down
and dies. In some sections of the state the rust is unquestion-
ably the worst pest of the oats. Although its depredations are
somewhat periodic, being more disastrous some years than others,
the most destructive attacks come in seasons of unusual moisture
and warmth during the month of June, which induces the oats
to make a large, quick growth. Whether this quick, succulent
growth renders the plant more susceptible to the attacks of the
fungus or whether the stated weather conditions are more con-
genial for the growth of the fungus, the writer is unable to say —
perhaps both premises maintain.

Since no remedy for the disease is known, all that can be done
in a practical way to combat it is to select those varieties for
seeding which are in a measure, at least, rust resistant. Among
these are Long's White Tartar, Hamilton and Kherson. The
time of seeding also seems to have an appreciable effect upon the
extent of rusting. The writer has frequently observed that early
sown fields of oats have suffered less from rust than late sown
ones.

Til 1906, for the purpose of getting some data regarding the
date of seeding as affecting the rust on oats, a series of small
plots, 5x7 feet, were planted with the same variety (Welcome)
at intervals of one week from April 20 to June 8. The plots
being small, the yield of grain was not measured, but carefully
estimated after an examination of the panicles.

Dec, 1909.]

OATS, BARLEY, WHEAT AND RYE.

147

Date of Seeding.

Date of ripening.

Amount of rust.

Est. bus.
grain.

April 20

August 3

August 8

August 13

August 14

None

50

April 27

None

Slight

Slight

Considerable

Much

Much

Very bad

55

May 4

May 11

55
50

May 18

August 19

August 22

40

May 25

30

June 1

August 26

September 6

25

June 8

15

OAT SMUT.

Like the rust, the oat smut is a fungus disease which becomes
conspicuous at blossoming time. The fungus is so easily recog-
nized by the dirty, black, powdery^ appearance of the diseased
panicles that no description of it is thought necessary in this
connection. The loss from smut is much greater than is com-
monly supposed for three reasons :

1. The smutted stalks are usually shorter than the healthy
ones, and are therefore not so easily observed.

2. The sheath leaves sometimes hide the smutted heads, which
are then considered only as immature or barren plants.

3. The smut ripens several days before the healthy oats, and,
unless the field is examined before cutting, many of the smut
spores will have been blown away and the smutted stalks conse-
quently overlooked.

In the earlier tests of the oat varieties at this station it was
found that the percentage of smutted heads varied from 2 to 17
per cent., and that not a single commercial variety was free from
it. During the past three seasons we have taken the precaution
to treat all of our seed oats with formalin with the result that
in only a very few cases have any smutted heads been found.

Formalin Treatment. — Take as many gallons of water as you
have bushels of oats to treat. For each 12 gallons of water add
one quarter pound of concentrated *formalin and mix thoroly.

• Concentrated formalin is a forty per cent, solution of formaldehyde gas Ib
water. The liquid is clear and resembles water, except that it has a very sharp,
pungent, penetrating odor. In buying, the concentrated or forty per cent, solution,
should be insisted upon.

148 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 145

Spread the oats upon a clean floor or in a wagon box to a depth
of about 3 inches. With an ordinary sprinkling can or by
da.shing it with the hand from a bucket sprinkle the formalin
solution over the layer of oats until the top is quite wet. Stir
with a garden rake or shovel and repeat the sprinkling and stir-
ring until all of the oats have been moistened, which will require
about one gallon of solution for each bushel of grain. After the
wetting has been completed stir the oats frequently so that they
may dry rapidly without any germination being started. The
oats may be treated either during the winter or just previous
to sowing. Whatever receptacle is used for the oats after treat-
ment should also be treated — if sacks, immerse them in the solu-
tion and then dry, if a bin sprinkle some of the solution on the
sides and floor.

This method of treatment is easy, simple and cheap. Formalin
may be purchased at any drug store for 50 to 60 cents per pound,
thus making the cost for material only about 1 cent per bushel
of grain. The cost of labor ought not to exceed 2 cents per
bushel, making a total of 3 cents per bushel for the treatment
complete.

From the results obtained here and from observations made
elsewhere in the state it is estimated that the average amount of
smut in oat fields grown from untreated seed is at least 5 per
cent. This means that the annual loss from this cause alone is
20,000 bushels for the state, which at the average price of 60
cents per bushel is $12,000. Surely "an ounce of prevention is
worth a pound of cure."

BARLEY.

In 1908 the station happened to have on hand some extra sam-
ples of different varieties of barley obtained upon the Chicago
market the year previous. These were sown in one-twentieth
acre plots on a heavy clay soil, at the rate of 2 bushels per acre,
on May 13. The plots were manured and 350 pounds per acre
of a "4-10-5" mixture of chemicals used. All the varieties
came up nicely, but on account of the severe July drouth the
straw was short and the heads did not fill well.

In 1909 five varieties were obtained from New England seeds-
men and were sown May 13 in one-fifteenth acre plots on a stony

Dec., 1909.]

OATS, BARLEY, WHEAT AND RYE.

149

loani soil. No manure was used, but 500 pounds per acre of the
"oats" mixture of chemicals was applied. On account of dry
weather the straw was so short that it was almost impossible for
the harvester to tie it. The heads were very well filled, but all
the varieties were found to be impure, the beardless variety espe-
cially being badly mixed.

The following tabulation will show the detailed results of the
test;

1908 TESTS OF BARLEY.

Variety Name.

Source of
seed.

o
Q

be

2-Rowt'(l Brewing

Mauscheuri

Oderbrucker

Naked Wliite ....

Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago

Aug. 4 .
July 30.
Aug. 1
Aug. 3 .

<£

0)

.afe

^«

s ^

g 03

b^

13 u

-t a;

cc 0) 1

;; f^

. P< 1

X

0

^

pq

>^

fee

^

22,88

1
2580 '

18 74

1400

12 08

1740

5 4

1

1.580

53.0
49.5
51 0
61 0

1909 TESTS OF BARLEY.

Variety Name.

Source of
seed.

O

bo
a

ft

03

6

1

a;

^ tH

t- S-,

•i§

i^ 1

&§3

i3 u \

CO (D

• ft

. ft

tc

X

E3

,Q

m

iJ

6 3

ft«M

. o

^

Beardless

Mausclieuri

Caswell

2-Rowed Brewing
Black Hulles .

Gregory . . .
Gregory . . .
Gregory . . .
Sell. & Fot.
Chicago

July 30 .

29.06

1710

July 30

18 90

1972

Aug. 10

2(> 10

2347

Aug. 10

18.75

1800 .

Julv30.

18 40

1380

1

34.5
45 0

49 0

50 5
60 2

In SO far as yield, pleasantness of handling, and ease of thresh-
ing goes, the above tests show the Beardless variety to be in
the lead. More extended trials, however, would be necessary to
report conclusively upon the general adaptability of the differ-
ent varieties to our conditions.

150 N, H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 145

WINTER WHEAT.

Ill view of the fact that little or no wheat has been grown in
the state in recent years, the writer was curious to know just
how well it would withstand the winters and what the yield
might be. Accordingly^ small plots have been sown and har-
vested during the past three seasons, the results being given
below in tabular form. The variety used was Dawson's Golden
Chaff, a beardless winter sort with bronze chaff and a white
berry. The seed was sown at the rate of two bushels per acre
with the grain drill; 400 pounds per acre of acid phosphate
was used as fertilizer ; grass seed was sown on the plots in the
following April, and without exception a good catch was secured.

The best yield was 30.75 bushels per acre obtained in 1907;
the poorest was 10.3 bushels in 1908. This low yield was due in
part to late seeding and the severe alternate freezings and thaw-
ings in the early spring. For the best results the seed should be
sown between the 10th and the 20th of September. Corn or
potato ground can be used to advantage for winter wheat by sim-
ply disking it thoroly. If plowed it should be rolled several times
before seeding since wheat requires a fine but rather compact
seed bed.

A mixture of wheat and winter vetch makes an excellent green
forage crop for dairy cows. This may be sown at the rate of l^/^
bushels of wheat and three pecks of vetch per acre. If the
season is not unfavorable from 6 to 8 tons of green feed per acre
can be secured.

SPRING WHEAT.

If wheat is desired for feeding poultry or other stock and it
is not convenient to sow it in the fall a spring variety may be
grown. In 1907 and 1908 a si)ring sort known as Fyfe was sown,
and in 1909 Fyfe and Blue Stem were tried. The average yield
of the four trials was 16.0 bushels per acre, the dry season of 1909
being unfavorable. The spring wheat should be sown at the rate
of 7 to 8 pecks per acre, and should be gotten into the ground
just as early in the spring as possible.

A fertilizer containing a liberal amount of nitrogen and phos-
phoric acid, say 4 and 10 per cent, respectively, will give the best

Dec, 1909.]

OATS, BARLEY, WHEAT AND RYE.

151

results; the quantity to apply will depend upon the fertility
and the previous treatment of the land.

The following table presents in a summarized way the results
of a three years' test with winter and spring wheat.

WINTER WHEAT.

.

.

■u

6C

bb

aiu
acre

£

o

X

^

a
^

ft

teof
see

teof
ripe

s. gr
per

1^

t^

s

^

03

0

t-t

Eh

M

fl

fi

M

^ i

1906-'07
1907-'08
1908-'09

Average tliree years .

Clay

Loam

Loam

.75 A 'Sept. 15
.85 A. Oct. 3
.70 A. Sept. 22

July 22'
July 20
July 26

30 75 2580'60.
10 30 1460,60.
21.50 1825161.

20.85 1955 60 3

SPRING WHEAT.

1— I

-i^

bi)

bo

?

?r

o

.3

a

- o

S

'S

ft
o

c|

1^

bt ct

K

a>

-£

^•c

• ft

&P-

>.

N

S3

:3

S

H

02

Q

Q

m

m

0
ft

•^^

^

1907

1908

1909, Blue Stem
1909, Fyfe

Clay

^.A.

May

6

Aug.

19

Loam

yV A. 'May

12

Aug.

12

Clay

^5 A. Mav

13

Aug.

20

Clay

i^A.

May

13

Aug.

20

1

1

1

18 3 30101 56.

17 2 2190 57.

13 5 1147 61.

15.1 1387; 61.

Average three years 1 . 16 0 1783 58

lO

152

N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION.

[Bulletin 145

SPRING RYE.

A test to determine the yield of spring rye was made in 1908
on a one-tenth acre, and in 1909 on a one-fifteenth acre plot.
The seeding was with the grain drill. At the rate of 7 peeks per
acre, May 12, 1908, and ^lay 13, 1909, 500 pounds per acre of
fertilizer was used.

SPRING RYE TEST.

Source of
seed.

1908
1909.

Harris
Breck .

Date of
ripening.

Aug. 5
Aug. 10

Bus. grain
per acre.

Lbs. straw
per acre.

Wt. per bus.
grain.

18.30
20.10

2360

2182

56 5
56 0

Dec.. 1909.] OATS, BARLEY, WHEAT AND RYE. 153-

SUMMARY.

1. While New Hampshire may never be able to compete with the
great Northwest in the production of the staple cereal crops, the fact
is nevertheless evident that very satisfactory yields of these crops
can be obtained here in normal seasons. The high prices of grain
feeds prevailing during the recent years are the results of changing
economic conditions, and the New Hampshire farmer who adapts him-
self to these new conditions will find it more and more necessary to
produce a larger share of the feeds at home.

2. In average seasons 40 bushels of oats per acre can be grown, and
in favorable seasons a yield of 50 to 60 bushels can be expected.

3. The rust of oats can be partially controlled by selecting the more
resistant varieties, and by early seeding.

4. The oat smut can be entirely eradicated by treating the seed with
formalin solution.

5. Barley can be grown successfully with yields ranging from 18 to
28 bushels per acre.

6. Satisfactory yields of both winter and spring wheat can be ob-
tained; the former variety will withstand the winter weather and
outyield the spring variety.

7. Spring rye can be grown with fair success.

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