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ue GHARDIN BOTANIQUE DE BUITENZORG) 


Rédigé par’ 
. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN, Dr. F. C. VON FABER, 


Chef des Laboratoires Botaniques | 


‘ 


et 


Dr, J. J. SMITH, 
Chef de l’Herbarier 


Série III.—Volume V. 


{ 


1922 —1923, 





NA 
PA 
= 


Que 
OA 





> LANDS PEANEFENCUIN” 


(,JARDIN BOTANIQUE DE BUITENZORG”) 


Bulletin du Jardin Botanique 


Rédigé par 


Dr. W. M. DOCTERS VAN LEEUVWEN, Dr FC NONCPFABER, 


Directeur du Jardin Botanique Chef des Laboratoires Botaniques 


et 


BEN ESMITEA 
Chef de l'Herbarier 


Série II. — Volume V. 


1922 —1923. 


IHRARY 
EW YORK 
(OTANI 


GARDER 


: ARCHIPEL DRUKKERIJ—BUITENZORG. 





11H ARY 
URK 
BOTANICAL 


( IN 


SOMMAIRE. 


E. GäUMANN. Mykologische Mitteilungen II. Juin 1922. 

J. J. SMITH. Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. Juin 1922. 177 

H. CAMMERLOHER. Index Loganiacearum et Bai leneain quae 
anno 1922 in Horto Botanico Bogoriensi coluntur. Juin 1922. 

A. J. ULTÉE. Stearinsäure im Milchsaft von Ficus fulva REINW. Juin 1922. 

CECIL YAMPOLSKY. À contribution to the study of the oil-palm, Elaeis 
guineensis Jacq. Octobre 1922. : 

H. J. LAM. Notiz über Vitex. Octobre 1022. 

C. R. W.K. VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH. New or interesting 
Malayan Ferns 12. Décembre 1922. : 

À. J. ULTÉE. Über eine Wachsart im Milchsaft von Sue ha REINW. 
Décembre 1922. 

J. J. SMITH. Tafeln ben Soon Bears) 1022. 


A. J. ULTÉE. Stickstoffreiche Milchsäfte. Août 1023. 


C. VAN OVEREEM. Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch- Rotat 
Août 1023. 5 
1. Über Chondromyces antsoue (BERKELEY et CURTIS) THAXT. 
2. Nectriella (Cryptonectriella) Geoglossi V. OVEREEM n. sp. 
3. Über eine Blattfleckenkrankheit von Baccaurea javanica (Bl.) 

Muell. Arg. RE D aie Ge let M Ste 
4. Über die von HOLTERMANN aufgestellten Arten Calocera 
odorata und €. major. 

. Über javanische Clavariaceae. 

. Über einige Rumphianische Arten. 

. Über Geotrichum Zingiberis sacharati V. OVEREEM n. #4 

. Über Clasterosporium Glomerae V. OVEREEM n. Sp. 

0. Über Spegazzinia ornata SACC. 


OO —J O Où 


/ H. CAMMERLOHER. Contributions à l’étude de la Flore des Indes 


1IJÈT 


Néerlandaises. [. Die bisher bekannten Loganiaceen und Budd- 
leiaceen Niederländisch-Indiens. Août 1923. 3 

Th. VALETON. Phrynium obscurum T. et B. Eine noch Free 
bekannte Marantacea. Août 1923. 

Th. VALETON. Alpinia Hulstijnii VAL. n. sp. Août 1023. 


339 
343 



















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Index alphabétique des espèces et des variétés. 


(Les synonymes sont en italique). 


Acrostichum EL. 


angulatum BL. . 204 
Adiantum L. 

flabellulatum L. 11179 

rhizophorum SW. "179 


suborbiculare V. A. V. R.. 179 
Aecidium PERS. 

Phlogacanthi GäUM. . . 9 
Agrostophyllum BL. 


Denbergeri J. J. S. . t.36, III 

latilobum J. J. S. 1080, IN 

longifolium RCHB. F.. t.36, Il 

En J: |. S. 130,1 
Alpinia L. 

Hulstijnii VAL. . 343 
Alsophila R. BR. 

dilgeata V. À. V. R. :'. 180 

olabrescens V. A. V. R. . 181 

HuSeniana V. A. V. KR. : 179 

Smintiera V. À. Ve R. 182 


Amblyoloftis BL. 
MGR DENVR 4... © T1 
Angiopteris HOFFM. 


AHIOOCarpa Vi À. V..R.. 183 
lancifoliolata V. A. V. R.. 183 
monstruosa V. À. V. R. var. 
pseudomacroglossum 
DASAV.. R. . 184 
Anoectochilus BL. 
longicalcaratus J. J. S. 1e 
Antrophyum KAULF. 
ovatum V. À. V. R. . 184 
Aphyllorchis BL. 
Wallichii R. BR. 418, 
Appendicula BL. 
brevimentum J. J. S. 64 
kinabaluensis J. J. S. 65 
Theunissenii J. J. S. 63 


Arundina BL. 


revoluta HOOK. F. var. 
borneensis J. J. S. 65 
Aspidium SW. 
biserratum SW. 214 
Leuzeanum KZE.. 215 
purpurascens BL. 200 
ternatense V. A. V. R. 184 
tricuspe BEDD. var. gla- 
brum V. À. V. KR. 184 
Asplenium L. 
acutiusculum BL.. 186 
cymbifolium CHRIST. 184 
pseudo-caudatum V.A.V.R. 185 
scandens J. SM. . 188 
tenuifolium DON,. 185 
Bio-bio 282 
Blechnum L. 
Finlaysonianum WALL. 186 
orientale L. 186 
Bolachtige boom-campernoelje 281 
Boleilus moschocaryanus 
RUMPH. 1x lénaers 283 
Boletus saguarius RUMPH.. . 283 
Buddleia L. : 334 
asiatica LOUR. 334 
Buddleiaceae . 3 334 
Bulbophyllum THOU. 
languidum J, J. S. 92 
linséenset JS: 01 
perductum ],]J.S. var sebe- 
siense Ji} 4S er 93 
Calanthe R. BR. 
aureiflora J. J. S. 67 
Ceciliae RCHB. F. 71 
clavicalcar J. J. S. 68 
salaccensis. J'5]:S 420; IN 
sumatrana BL. 71 
transiens/ Ja J.. Se 70 


Calanthe R, BR. 
veratrifolia R. BR. var. du- 


pliciloba J.]J-S. 69 
vestita WALL. var sumatra- 
na SCHLTR. 71 
Calocera FRIES 
major HOLT, . 1255 
odorata HOLT. 11258 
Ceratostylis BL. 
Backeri J.J.S. EE 
brevibrachiata J.J.S. .t. 37,1 
crasstiolia des Murs, I 
Cheirostylis BL. 
javaniea JA SNS OS I 
Chilopogon SCHLTR. 
kinabaluense ÂMES. 65 
Chondromyces BERK. et CURT. 
aurantiacus THAXT. 247 
Clasterosporium SCHW. 
Glomerae V. OVER. 284 
Clavaria VAILL. 
aeruginosa PAT.. 276 
alcicornis LÉV, . 260 
alcicornis ZOLL. et MOR. 274 
amethystina ZOLL. 270 
amoena ZOLL. et MOR. 267 
Broomei COTT.et WAKEF. 277 
ceranoides PERS.. 267 
corniculata ZOLL. et MOR. 260 
coronata ZIPP. 11261 
cristatula HENN. et NYM. 260 
cyanocephala BERK. et 
GURT.:: .# 276 
depokensis V. OVER. 271 
Dozii LÉV;: JAX|0U27G 
echinospora BERK. et 
BROOMS. 278 
echinospora HENN. . 275 
fasciculata PERS. 267 
filiformis HENN. et NYM. 265 
fragilis HOLMSK. 268 
fragillima SACC. 275 
fumosa FRIES. . 264 
fumosa PERS. . k 264 
Jfurcata HENN. et NYM. 262 
fusco-lilacina BERK. 262 


VI 


Clavaria VAILL. 
fusiformis FRIES. 
fusiformis SOW.. 
helvola PERS, . 
implexa LÉV. . 
inaequalis FR. 
Leveillei SACC. : 
lilacea KURHL et V. FiASS: 
lilacina FR.. 
lilacina JUNGH. | 
luteo-tenerrima V. OVER. 
Nymaniana HENN. . 
persimilis COTTON . 
purpurea SCHAEFF.. 
rosacea HENN. 
sanguineo-acuta V. OVER. 
Schaefferi SACC. 
spiralis JUNGH. . 
striata PERS. . 42 
strigosa HENN. et NYM. 
subaurantiaca HENN. et 
NYM.. 
turgida LÉV. . 
umbrina LÉV.. 
vermicularis FRIES. . 
vermiculata MICH. 
vermiculata SCOP. . 
violacea PETCH 
Zippelii LÉV. . 
Zollingeri LÉV. 
Clavariaceae . 
Clavariella KARST. 
fragillima V. OVER. 
Clavulina SCHRÔT. 
fusco-lilacina V. OVER. 
Leveillei V. OVER. 
umbrina V. OVER. 
Clavulinopsis V. OVER. . 
sulcata V. OVER. 
Coelogyne LENDL. 
Buennemeyeri J.].S. 
cymbidioides RCHB.F, , 
malintangensis J.]J.S. 
xyloboides KRZL.. 
Cordiglottis J. J. S. . . 
Westenenkii J.].S. . 


95 


Corysanthes R. BR. 
carinata J.]).$. 


imperatoria J.J.S. . t. 22, Il 
picta LNDL. var.karan- 
sense]. Saeumouts23, | 
MinOsa nes: t2m1601/4123, Il 
Couthovia A. GRAY . 306 
celebica KDS. . 306 
Crateriphytum SCHEFF. . 306 
moluccanum SCHEFF. . . 306 
Crepitus Lupi RUMPH. . 282 
Cryptostylis R. BR. 
acutata J.].S.. t. 24, II 
arachnites HASSK. . t. 24, IV 
conspicua J. J.S. 1024, II 
conspicua J. J. S. var. suma- 
ana J.-J: S.: 14 
Cyclophorus DESV. 
adnascens DESV.. 192 
asterosorus C. CHR. 193 
cinnamomeus V. À. V. R. 192 
Cyathea SMITH. 
acanthopoda V. A.V.R. 192 
arachnoidea H. K. 192 
arthropterygia V. À. V.R. 188 
Bünnemeyeri V. A. V.R. 187 
longipes V. À. V.R.. 189 
ternatea V. À. V. R. . . 191 
trachypoda V. A. V.R.. . 191 
Zollingeriana METT. 187 
Cyrtophyllum REINW. 
peregrinum  REINW. 318 
speciosurt BL.. 316 
Cystorchis BL. 
aberrans :J.-J.SA 4181 22 
appendiculata J.].S. 20 
Daldinia DE NOT. et CÉs. 
Asphaltum SACC. 282 
concentrica CÉS.et DENOT. 282 
Davallia SMITH. 
alpina BL. . 207 
immersa WALL. . 207 
Ledermanni BRAU. . 220 
solida SW. . . 193 
Dendrobium SW. 
batakense J.]J.S.. 90 


VII 


Dendrobium SW. 


crepidiferum J. J. S. 89 
Dammerboerii J. J. S. . 80 
fusco-pilosum A. et S.. 82 
Hagerupii J. J. S. 78 


inopinatumi]iu)} Sxsiquiri 68 


orbiculare J.]J.S. 82 
pedicellatum J. J. S. 83 
pedicellatum J.].S. var. ob- 
tusumy).t}uS: rm: 84 
quadrialatum J. J.S. 87 
sacculiferum J. J. S.. 77 
siberuiense’ NS 82 
transtilliferum J. J. S. . . 85 
ventrilabium J. J.S. 84 
Dendrochilum BL. 
acuminatum J. J. S. var. 
latin JS: 33 
adpressibulbum J. ]. S. 36 
alboviride J. J. S. 20 
appendiculatum J. J. S. 49 
basaleaJ JS. 56 


brachyotum RCHB. F. t 30, IV 


complectens J. J- S. 32 
détipiense)e Se: 38 
duplicibrachium J. J. S. 41 
exalatum J. J. S. tu 
fructicicolan))APnS re 52 
furfuraceum ]. J. S. 55 
insectiferum J. J. S. 53 
korintjiense J. J. S.. 30 
lamellatum J. J. S. . 51 
latlobünmiz]*J.2S;41ta0e 40 
liparidiflorum J. |. S. . 58 
longicaule J. J. S. 34 
ophiopogonoides J. J. S.. 45 
ophiopogonoides J. J. S. 
var. merapiense J.J. S. 46 
ovatum J. J. S. ñ 47 
pallideflavens BL. VAS D FO 
papillosum J. J. S. . 57 
pholidotoides J. J. S. . 60 
ramosissimum J. J. S.. fi 
rigidulum J. J. S. 44 
talamauense J. J.S. 48 
ventricosum ]}. J. S.. 42 


Dendrochilum BL. 
? Zollingeri MIQ. 
Dictyopteris PRESL. 


t. 30, II 


compitalis V. À. V. R. . 194 
distincta V. À. V. R. 1093 
Didymoplexis GRIFF. 
obreniformis J. J. S. t. 26, Il 
Diplazium SW. 
apatelium V. À. V. R.. . 195 
cardiomorphum V.A.V.R. 195 
dolichosorum COP. var. 
aculeolatum V. À. V. R. 195 
permirabile V, A. V. R. . 196 
proliferum THOU. . 197 
proliferum THOU. var. ac- 
cedens. VA VioRten td 
subpolypodioides V.A.V.R. 196 
Disperis SW. 
javanicas}: JiuSamemeant., 21 
Djamoer impes . 1283 
Dryopteris ADANS. 
auriculifera V2, À. V.sR=cd 197 
cyrtocaulos V. A. V. R. . 201 
dicranogramma V. A. V. R. 202 
megalocarpa V. À. V. R.. 199 
pertigidat VA: VidRSouts 205 
pluriolià MAA-HVauR Ares. 201 
purpurascens CHRIST... . 200 
subalpina V.LA NW. »Rsu 2200 
superficialis V. À. V. R. . 199 
tabacicoma: V! A. V.:1R:-: 200 
tandikatensis V. A. V. R. 203 
urophylla €, CHR. var. 
peraspera V. A. V. R. . 203 
urophylla €. CHR. var. 
Teysmannii V. À. V. R. 203 
vinosicarpa V. À. V. R. , 198 
Elaphoglossum SCHOTT. 
angulatum MOORE.. 204 
dolichaulon V.A.V,R. . 203 
Endophyllum LÉV. 
oResCAUMENMH OUEN 6 
Eria LNDL. 
erosula J. ]. S. Hu 13 
obliterata RCHB. F. var. 
sumatrana J. J.S. 73 


VII 


Eria LNDL. 
peliolata. J.J: S4 76 
purpureocentrum J. J, S.. 75 
Erythrodes BL. 
amboinensis J. ].S. 17 
Drevicalcan J.4: 52% 17 
Eulophia R. BR. 
bicolor BL. var. celebica 
TS: 17 
Fagraea THUNB. 
acuminatissima MERR.. . 330 
amboinensis BL.. . 329 
annulata HIERN. . : 33 
auriculata JACK. . : 326 
borneensis SCHEFF. . 326 
bracteosa CAMM, +323 
carnosa JACK. 1088 
celebica BL. 1328 
cordifolia BL. . : 310 
crassifolia BL. > 328 
crenulata MAING. PR | 
cuspidata BL. . . 319 
cymosa MERR. +338 
elliptica ROXB. : 316 
epiphytica ELM. . sta 326 
eucalyptifolia CAMM. . . 312 
euneura SCHEFF. : 328 
fastigiata BL. . 1:92 
fragrans ROXB. s 316 
fragrans SCHEFF. 819 
gracilis CAMM. : 18 
grandifolià MERR. 338 
imperialis MIQ. » I2 
Kimangu BL. . 388 
lanceolata BL.. à 329 
lioustrina BL.. 310 
litoralis BL. 1: 11388 
litoralis BL. var. amboi- 
nensis BL. 329 
lutea CAMM. . . 330 
minor REINW. . 328 
monantha MIQ. +323 
morindae folia BL. Sn 
obovata BL. “322 
obovata WALL. . . 322 
obovato-javana BL. . N322 


Fagraea THUNB. 


peregrina BL. 19316 
picrophlaea BL. 11029 
racemosa JACK. . Lo 10 
rostrata BL. 339 
sonate cl]. -S. 1310 
speciosa BL. "20 
stenophylla BECC. 391 
subreticulata BL. 310 
sumatrana MIQ. . 31e 
sumatrana MIQ. . 1339 
ternatana MIQ. Se CE 
tetragona SP. . 1333 
Teysmannii CAMM., . 314 
truncata MIQ.. 1333 
tubulosa BL. » 320 
uniflora MERR. 331 
vaginata KING et GAMBLE. 322 
Fase. NATe 


arborurm  tuberosurnt 


Fungus 
RUMPH. . 281 
Galeola LOUR. 
javanica BTH. SEA 
ternatensis J. J. S. 16 
Gardneria WALL. . 1305 
ovata WALL. . 21305 
Gastrodia R. BR. 
enspaJ:.]. S:. r20, 1] 
Gelsemium JUSS. . 205 
elegans BTH. . . 295 
Geniostoma FORST. . 296 
acutifolium HIERN. . 1207 
arboreum ©. K.. . 206 
avene VAL. . 298 
celebicum VAL. . . 298 
haemospermum STEUD. . 296 
lasiostemon BL. . 207 
Miquelianum K. et V. . 207 
moluccanum VAL. . 297 
oblongifolium K. et V. . 298 
Geotrichum LINK. 
Zingiberis saccharati V. 
OVER. . 283 
Gleichenia SMITH. 
hispida METT. . 204 
linearis CLARKE . . 204 


Gleichenia SMITH. 
linearis CLARKE var. biden- 


tata V. À. V. KR. . 204 
linearis CLARKE var. cras- 
sifrons V. À. V. KR. . 204 
Goodyera R. BR. 
arfakensis J. J.S. 24 
Gibbsiae J'U725.. 24 
glanuca JS. sb 29 
sphingoides, J. J#S;141,r28, 411 
Grasaitriur Mie . 178 
Grammitis SWARTZ 
hirta BL. 219 
Guepinia FRIES. 
odorata V. OVER. 253 
Gymnogramma DESVv. , 
Wallichii HK. 225 
Gynoglottis J. J. S. 
cymbidioides J. J. S. 29 
Habenaria WLLD. 
Backegials L'S:e. to nl 
bantamensis J. J. S. t. 19, III 
Curvicalcar Ha linSa0muecats220,21 
Koordersiel#}keS:otalleted9, Il 
Loerzingii J. J.S. t. 20, Il 
Rumphii LNDL. var.javanica 
TAIESSS t. 20, III 
Haemospermum REINW. 
arboreurr BL.. . 296 
Hemitelia R. BR. 
rudimentaris V, À. V. R. 205 
Hetaeria LNDL, 
rostrata ]. J, S. 23 
Humata Cav. 
alpina MOORE s 207 
attenuata V. À. V. KR. . 205 
Gaimardiana J. SM. 207 
immersa METT «207 
mütatar VAS VARIE 206 
polypodioides BRACK. . . 207 
sessilifolia METT. var. poly- 
podioides V. A. V. R. 207 
squarrosa V4 Ac Ne RE 20" 
Hymenophyllum SMITH. 
brevidens V. A. V. R. . 209 
lingganum V. À. V. R. . 208 


Hymenophyllum SMITH. 


pleiocarpum V. A. V. R. 208 
Reinwardtii V. d. B. 209 
sabinifolium BK. . NE 209 
torricellianum V. A. V. R. 208 
Kajoe berebah . 176 
Kala temoko. : 283 
Katondeng 178 
Keketoe 1339 
Lecanorchis BL. 
multiflora J. J. S. (025; 4 
pauciflora J. J.S, ÉN25UI 
Lindsaya DRYAND. 
adiantoides J. SM. 210 
alpestris V. À. V. R V210 
bullata V. À. V. R.. ne 
canaliculatipes V. À. V. R. 211 
cyathicola COP. , 209 


divergens WALL. f. auri- 
CHIQIEN, 0: AEMIANE : QUIRU RONA 


ensifolia SW. . 294 
humilis KUHN. Ht=2 10 
hymenophylloides BL. . 209 


parallelogramma V. A.V.R. 212 

tropidorachis V. A. V. R. 211 

Walkerae HK. 2223 
Hipañis”L"C;VRICH. 

angustiflora J. J. S.. t. 35,1V 

bicoratuts SCHLTRMMEÉ, 35, VI 

javanica J. J. S. . t. 34, Il 

prianganensis J. J. S. t. 34, III 

rhodochila” ROLFEAS E 350 

rhombea J. J]. S.. MS; EI 

speculniera,j. JS Mt GE 

viridiflora LNDL.. t. 34, IV 

Wightiana THW. LS 1 6 
Loganiaceae . : 2295 
Lomagramma J. SM, 

melanolepis V. A. V.R. . 212 

pteroides J. SM. 212 
Lomaria WLLD. 

pycnophylla KZE. 215 
Lycoperdon TOURN. 

Bovista L. . 282 
Lycopodium L. 

capillaceum WLLD.. 227 


Lycopodium L. 


Casuarinoides SPRING . 228 
casuarinoides SPRING var. 
complanatum SPRING . 227 


cernuum L.var.capillaceum 


SPRING . 227 
cernuum L, var. capilités 

lium V. À V.R. 221 
complanatum L. var.angus- 

tiramosum V, A. V. R. 227 
filicaule HK. F. 228 


leucolepis JUNGH. et DE 


VR. 11 ETES 
multifarium V. A; V:: RTE 
penicilliferum NV. À. V. R. 228 
stipulatum BL. 239 
transiens V. À. V. KR. 227 
verticillatum L. . 221 

Lygodium SW. 
derivatum  V. "A 0V:2R.2810 
salicifolium PR. 313 
Macodes BL. 
robusta J. J. S. t/ 28 
Mamali. RE | 
Microsaccus BL. 
albovirescens J. J. S. . 100 
ampullacens JA: SR 
dempoensis. JS 5000 
Microstyllis NUTT. 
cuprea nes tr 
foetida J. J.S. t. 34, I 
lobatocallosa J.J.S. t. 32, VI 
longidens J. J. S. 1:38; 43 


purpureonervosa J.]J.S. t. 33, I 


slamatensis 1}, (J:1S.-100635w 
Soleiformis ‘f): SANS 
tenggerensis®]. S74188 0 


ternatensis J! JS yen 


tjiiwideiensis J. J. S. t. 33,1 
Mitrasacme LABILL. . 300 
alsinoides R. BR. . 300 
elata R. BR. Poe à } 
nudicaulis REINW. . : SU 
polymorpha R. BR.. . 302 
pygmaea R. BR.. . 300 
saxatilis BACKER. : 301 


Mitreola L, j 298 
oldenlandioides WALL. 298 
oldenlandioides WALL.var. 

lilacina BACKER 299 
paniculata WALL. 298 

Nectriella SACC. 

Geoglossi V. OVER. . 249 

Nephrolepis SCHOTT. 
biserrata SCHOTT. 214 

Nervilia COMM. 

Winckelii J. J. S. 24] 

Neuwiedia BL. 

Mertiniolia" BE. : MAINS. I 
Zollinggeri RCHB. F  t. 18, Il 

Norrisia GARDN. 1,302 
malaccensis GARDN. 40? 

Oberonia LNDL. 
anceps ENDL. Mieaz,el 
Ennbhifera J."]. S. Lao à BC 
indragiriensis SCHLTR. var. 

Mania fes. 00" 6 32, I 
midicauda ]. JS... © 31, II 


subligaculifera J. J. S. t. 32, IV 
tjisokanensis J. J. S. t. 32, III 


Oleandra CAV. 


“emieuata  V.-A/ V. R° 214 
oblanceolata COP. . 214 
Whitmeii BK. . . 214 
Ophioglossum EL. 
moluccanum SCHLECAIT. Î. 
pumila. 214 
pumilum V. À. V. R. 214 
Peristylus BL. 
tobensis J. J. S 12 
Phaeociavulina BRINKM. 
Broomei V. OVER. . 276 
Phakopsera DIET. 
Commelinae GäUM. . . 4 
Énytarinae GAUM. siedant- 5 
Phegopteris FÉE, 
heterolepia V. A. V.R. var. 
Lernota Ve AN ViokRieu, 215 
Pholidota LNDL. 
camelostalix RCHB. F. t. 30, I 


Convallariae HOOK. F. t. 30, II 


XI 


Phrynium LOFFL. 
obscurum T. et B.. 

Physalospora NIEFSEL. 
Baccaureae V. OVER. . . 252 

Physurus L. C. RICH. 
herpysmoides K. et P. var. 


amboinensis J. J. S.. 17 
Plagiogyria METT. 
pycnophylla METT 215 
Platanthera L. C. RICH. 
angustata LNDL. var. sing- 
galangensis ]. J. S. . 13 
Platyclinis BL, 
insectifera  RIDL. 53 
ramosissimus  RIDL. SA 


Pleocnemia PRESL. 
Éeureana PR y anse 215 
porphyrocaulos V. À. V. R. 215 


Pleopeltis HUMB. et BONPL. 
brevidecurrens V. À. V.R. 216 
congregatifolia V. A. V.R. 217 
Feei. VA VAR 219 
incurvata MOORE. 21S 
insignis BEDD, 218 
linguaeformis V. À. V. R. 217 
musifolia MOORE var.Schu- 

mannianaov: A AVS RE 447217 
platyphylla BEDD. 218 
pseudoloxogramma V. À. 

VruRS : Re V2 
triquetra V. À. V. R. MAIN 
Zippelii MOORE . 217 

Podochilus BL. 
forficuloides J. J. S. 62 

Polypodium EL. 
adnascens SW. 192 
asterosorum BK.. 193 
diplosporum CHRIST. 219 
Feei BORY. 219 
insigne BL. 218 
Leuzeanum GAUD. . 215 
linguaeforme METT. 217 
platyphyllum SW. y.“ 228 
pseudorevolvens V.A.V.R. 219 
revolvens V. À. V. R. 219 
Schumannianum DIELS. . 217 


Polypodium EL. 


subhamato-pilosum V. A. 


Vaear 
triguetrum BL. 
Zippelit BL. 

Polystichum ROTH. 


dendrophilum V. À. V. R. 


eériorachis V: A UV. fRi4 
fACCIdUNTr, Vi ALAVIERE 
prolificans V. À. V. R. 


Preptanthe RCHB. F. 
villosa RCHB. F.. 
Pseudogardneria RACIB. 

Pteris L. | 
longipes DON. 
melanocaulon FÉE . 
orientalis V: AT VSUR, 
pellucens AG.: 
pellucida PR. . 
radicans CHRIST. 


radicans CHRIST var. java- 


UC UN PA MV. PR 
Wallichiana AG. . 


Wallichiana AG. var. ma- 
toniiformis V. A. V. R. 


Zollingeri METT. 
Puccinia PERS. 
celebica GäUM. 
tjibodensis GäUM. 
Regte Crepitus Bovis. 
Regoie Crepitus lupi 
Sarcochilus R. BR. 
chusus); ]:S. 
Schizoloma GAUD. 


auricuiatum V. A! VER, 


coriaceum V, À. V. R. 


divercens KUHN var. auri- 


culata V. À. V. R. 
ensifolium J. SM. 
Walkerae KUHN. 

Selaginella SPRING. 


aristata SPRING var. Kau- 


derni V: ANWUR: 
biformis A. BR. . 
bimarginata V. À. 
ceratocaulos V, A. 


A+ 


HR. 


XII 


Selaginella SPRING. 


heteromorpha V. A. V. R. 239 
Hieronymiana V. A. V. R. 234 
modica V. À. V. R. . 236 
muricata CES. var. inermis 
Ve ANR . 239 
palembanica V. À. V.R. var. 
subtrinervia V, À. V. R. 232 
papana VAL Va RE OR 2 
pentaphlebia V. A. V. R. 228 
petrophila V! À. V. R. . 234 
pilosula V. A. VER PS 
propinqua V. À V. R. . 233 
pseudovenulosa V. À. V.R. 230 
pycnocarpa V.-A::V:1R°295 
Speluncae;: V: A:.V..R*,220 
Speluncae V. A. V. R. var. 
effugita V., À, VAR 
spuriemarginata V.A.V.R. 231 
stipulata SPRING. . 239 
subspinulosa SPRING . 235 
Usteri HIERON. var. Hal- 
maheirae, V. À. V. LR 0280 
varians V. À. V. KR. + 231 
verruculosai V. ;,A.-V. Re 2758 
Selliouea BORY. 
Feei BORY. . 219 
Spegazzinia SACC. 
ornata SACC.. . 286 
Spigelia EL. . 298 
anthelmia L. x . 298 
Spiranthes L. C. RICH. 
obliqua. ]..]. S.. Rk.-266t42m00 
Stenosemia PRESL. 
aurita PR. var. reducta 
V.. A NL OE : :225 
Strychnos L. vi 1802 
axillaris COLEBR. . 304 
barbata HILL. . 303 
Beccarii GILG. "309 
celebica KDS.. : 305 
cuspidata HILL. . 308 
Forbesii HILL. $ 303 
Horsfieldiana MIQ. . . 304 
lanceolaria MIQ.. » 302 


Strychnos L. 


laurina WALL. AUS 
ligustrina BL. . . 304 
monosperma MIQ. 304 
myriantha GILG et BENED. 303 
nux vomica L. Î. depaupe- 
rata MiQ. 304 
ovalifolia WALL. 305 
palembanica MIQ 304 
Pilgeriana GG. 304 
polytricantha GILG. . 303 
pubescens CLARKE. 303 
Robinsonii HILL. 304 
‘ septemnervis CLARKE . 303 
1reuté” LESCH. 305 
villosa HILL. #1 302 
Syngramma J. SM. 
alismifolia ]J. SM. var. Wal- 
Hetuk VA. V, R. 225 
RU . . . : .' . . 282 
Tainia BL. 
Bloneaia, | JS. . . € 51, Il 
sumatrana J]. ]. S. 24 
leneran J..J. S. 25 
Thrixspermum LOUR. 
longipilosum J. ]. S. 95 
longipilosum J. J. S. var. 
korintjiense J. J. S. 98 
Trichomanes L. 
aphlebioides CHRIST. 226 
paniculatum V.A.V.R. . 226 
piliferum V. À. V.R. 225 
Rothertii V. À. V. R. 225 
sumatranum V. À. V.R 226 
tenuissimun CHRIST. 226 
Tropidia LNDL. 
angulosa BL. 20 II 


XIII 


Uromyces LINK. 
Ophiorrhizae GäUM. 


Phlogacanthi GäUM. 7 
Vitex TOURN. 
celebica  KDS. 177 
cofassus RW. var. puberulà 
1 7 (ESS FOUR AU 8 PTS 
cofassus RW. var. fypica 
ERP LP EN 178 
flabelliflora HALL. F. 178 
hawaïiensis H. J. L. 175 
heterophylla RXB. var. un- 
dulata CLARKE. 178 
luzonica H. J. L. 175 
Merrill H:J. "EL. D15 
Negundo EL. var. bicolor 
53 0 2 , 178 
pubescens VAHL. 178 
Sebeshe Hp E 176 
siamica WILLIAMS. 178 
vestitia WALL. var. genuina 
LÉARE "M0 
vestita WALL. var. “ones 
REA be 176 
Vittaria J. SM. 
ensiformis SW. 220 
ensiformis SW. var. dt 
VAN. ARE 1226 
ensiformis SW. var. substi- 
pitata V. À. V.R. 7220 
Volvaria FRIES. 
volvacea FR. 31293 
Vrydagzynea BL. 
purpurea BL. {: 27,94 
Willughbeia RXB. 
auriculata SPRENG. . 326 
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Table des matières. 


ERNST GAUMANN. Mykologische Mitteilungen IL. 

J: J- SMITH. Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. : 

H. CAMMERLOHER. Index Loganiacearum et alé atns quae 
anno 1922 in Horto Botanico Bogoriensi coluntur 

À. J. ULTÉE. Sfearinsäure im Milchsaft von Ficus fulva Reinw. . 


LA 


(6 LL 


MYKOLOGISCHE MITTEILUNGEN IL. 


von 
{IHRARY 
ERNST GAUMANN. Ni YURK 
B01 ,NICAL 
RE: GARUEN 


Die vorliegenden Mitteilungen bilden eine erste Fortsetzung zur Beschrei- 
bung indischer Pilze, die ich in dieser Zeitschrift (II, fasc. 2) publiziert habe. 


1. Uromyces Ophiorrhizae n. sp. 
Im Urwald von Tiibodas, z. B. oberhalb Tjibeureum längs des Pfades 


nach Kandang Badak, sind während der Regenzeit auf Blättern von Ophior- 
rhiza longiflora BL. gelbgrüne bis weissliche, vorgewülbte, bis einen Centi- 


“meter grosse Flecken zu finden, die durch einen Uromyces verursacht 


werden. Die Sporenlager treten auf der Unterseite der Blätter als kleine, 
weisse Häufchen hervor. Im Zentrum der befallenen Blattpartien sterben 
die Gewebe ab und verbräunen sich, währenddem peripher stets neue 
Lager hinzukommen. 

Diese Lager enthalten nur Teleutosporen. Diese entstehen auf langen, 
schlanken Stielen, sind hyalin und besitzen einen im Reïfezustand deutlich 
sichtbaren apikalen Keimporus. Ausnahmsweise sind sie zweizellig (Fig 1). 
Ohne eine Ruheperiode durchzumachen und auch ohne abzufallen keimen 
sie schon in den Lagern selbst mit einer dicken, schwach gebogenen Basidie. 

Da m.W. auf Ophiorrhiza noch kein Uromyces bekannt ist, stellt 
diese Form eine neue Art dar, für die ich den Namen Uromyces Ophidr- 
rhizae vorschlage. Von RACIBORSKI wird in Bull, Acad. Int. Cracovie, 


. 1909, p. 389, auf einer weiss- und grossblumigen Ophiorrhiza, also wahr- 


scheinlich unserer Art, ebenfalls von den Hängen des Gedeh, eine Ascospora 
Ophiorrhizae beschrieben. Es ist müglich, dass dieser Pilz nur sekundär auf 
die primäre Uromyces-Infection folgt. 

Uromyces Ophiorrhizae n.sp. Soris teleutosporiferis hypophyllis, maculis 
orbicularibus vel irregularibus, usque 1 cm. latis insidentibus, fere in greges 
rotundatos dispositis, minutis, compactiusculis, albis. Teleutosporis (fig. 1) 
globosis, ovatis vel ellipsoideis, apice plerumque rotundatis, hyalinis, 18 —24 w 
longis, 13—17 x latis, episporio 2—3 « crasso; pedicello persistenti, tenui, 
hyalino, usque 45 « longo. Habitat in foliis Ophiorrhizae longiflorae BL. 
(Rubiacearum species) in silvis ad montem Gedeh (alt. 1600 —2000 m.) 
insulae Java. 


2 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





Fig. 1. Teleutosporen und Basidien des Uromyces Ophiorrhizae n. sp. (Vergr. 670). 


2. Puccinia tjibodensis n. sp. 


Auch diesen Pilz habe ich, wie den vorhergehenden, in der Regenzeit 
im Urwald von Tijibodas gefunden und zwar auf Solanum biflorum LOUR. 
z.B. längs des Baches Tiibodas in der Umgebung des Pfades, der zur 
frühern Fôrsterhütte führt. Er verursacht auf den Blättern kleine, gewôühnlich 
nur 1—3 Millimeter grosse, braune Flecken, auf deren Unterseite in kreis- 
fürmiger Anordnung die weissen oder gelblich-weissen Sporenlager her- 
vorbrechen. Bei nebligem Wetter nehmen diese Sporenlager ein schleimiges 
Aussehen an. 

Die einzige Sporenform, die in diesen Lagern auftritt, sind die Teleuto- 
sporen. Diese entstehen auf kurzen, persistenten Stielen, sind hyalin, relativ 
dünnwandig, meist 30—41 « lang, 8—11 « breit (Fig. 2). Ihre Keimung 
erfolgt ohne Ruhepause und ist, wie man sowohl auf den Wirtspflanzen 
selbst, als auch in Wasserkulturen verfolgen kann, ziemlich eigenartig. 
Es entsteht eine dicke, gewôhnlich ziemlich kurze Basidie, die apikal eine 


GAUMANN: Mykologische Mitteilungen Lx, 3 





grosse Basidiospore abschnürt, welche wiederum ohne weiteres auch schon 
auf der Wirtspflanze Kkeimt. Mit dieser einzigen Basidiospore scheint 
gewôhnlich die Kraft der Basidie erschôpft zu sein. Ausnahmsweise kommt 
es vor, dass sie durch eine Querwand noch ein unteres Fach abtrennt, 
welches wiederum eine Basidiospore bildet. Da ich diese KeimungSart 
sowohl auf der Wirtspflanze selbst als auch regelmässig im hängenden 
Tropfen sah, ist es nicht ausgeschlossen, dass bei dieser Form die typische 
Basidie verloren gegangen ist. 

Auf der Gattung Solanum sind schon mehrere Puccinia-Arten be- 
schrieben worden, jedoch noch nicht auf Solanum biflorum LOUR. Unsere 
Art weicht von diesen andern neben ihren andern Dimensionen auch da- 
durch ab, dass sie hyalin ist. Sie muss daher als neue Art aufgefasst werden, 
die ich nach ihrem ersten Fundorte Puccinia tjibodensis nenne. 


TNT 
LA 


Fig. 2. Teleutosporen und Basidien der Puccinia tjibodensis n. sp. (Vergr. 670). 


Puccinia tjibodensis n. sp. Soris teleutosporiferis hypophyllis, maculis 
brunneis, orbicularibus, usque 5 mm. latis insidentibus, rotundatis, albis vel 
lacteis. Teleutosporis (fig. 2) longe ellipsoideis vel leviter clavatis, apice 
rotundatis vel leviter acutiusculis, non vel lenisse incrassatis, medio leniter 
constrictis, basim versus attenuatis, levibus, hyalinis, fere 30 —41 x longis, 
8—11 « latis; pedicello hyalino, firmo, usque 28 « longo. Habitat in foliis 
vivis Solani biflori LOUR. in silvis ad montem Gedeh in insula Java. 


4 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIENREVOËÉ.-V."'LIVR I. 





3. Phakopsora Commelinae n. sp. 


Auf den Blättern von Commelina nudiflora L. findet man in der Um- 
gebung von Buitenzorg häufig kleine, ungefähr einen Millimeter grosse, 
manchmal zusammenfliessende, braune oder braunschwarze Flecken, die 
von einem hellgrünen Hof umgeben sind. Wird der Anfall zu stark, dann 
werden die Blätter gelb und fallen vorzeitig ab. 

Auf der Unterseite dieser Flecken finden sich in regelmässiger Anord- 
nung als feine, weisse oder im Alter schwach gelblich werdende Pünktchen 
die Uredosori. Dass es sich wirklich um Uredo handelt, geht daraus hervor, 
dass die Sporen noch kurz von ihrer Reife zweikernig sind und dass sie 
mit einem Keimschlauch keimen (Fig. 3). Ihre Form ist ebenfalls aus Fig. 3 
ersichtlich. Ihre Länge beträgt 21—30, meistens 24—25 u, ihre Breite 13-19, 
meistens 14—15 «u. Ihre Oberfläche ist mit feinen Stacheln besetzt. 





Fig, 3. Junge, ausgewachsene und keimende Uredosporen und}Paraphysen der 
Phakopsora Commelinae n. sp. (Die erst- und letztgenannten vergr. 
900, die beiden andern vergr. 670). 

Obschon ich die Teleutosporen dieses Pilzes trotz vielen Suchens noch 
nicht habe finden künnen, ist es wohl kaum zweiïfelhaft, dass diese Uredo- 
form zur Gattung Phakopsora gehôürt. Sie stimmt ja auch in ihrem Habitus 
auffallend mit der Phakopsora Phyllanti DIET. überein, nur dass.ihre 
Sporen etwas schmäler: und länger sind. Sie scheint in Nied. Indien weit 
verbreitet zu sein; so fand ich sie auch auf Celebes, z. B. in Loka ober- 


GAUMANN: Mykologische Mitteilungen 11. 5 





halb Bonthain, in Oedjoeng Lemoeroe und Amali in der Landschaft Bone 
und in Boeakajoe und Taoendjamboe in der Landschaft Loewoe. 

Phakopsora Commelinae n.sp. Soris uredosporiferis hypophyllis, maculis 
minutis, obscure brunneis insidentibus, punctiformis, diu epidermide tectis, 
primum lacteis, dein dilute flavis; uredosporis (Fig. 3) variabilibus, pirifor- 
mibus vel ovoideis, hyalinis, Hinlats 21—30, fere 24—25 x longis, 13—19 
fere 14—15 x latis; paraphysibus numerosis, hyalinis, 32— 40 « longis, 12— 14 
latis. Habitat in foliis vivis Commelinde nudiflorae L. in insulis Java et 
Celebes. 


4. Phakopsora Erythrinae n. sp. 


Im Cultuurtuin zu Buitenzorg finden sich häufig auf den Blättern von 
Erythrina microcarpa KDS. et VAL. kleine, 1—2 Millimeter messende, 
schwarzbraune Flecken, die auf der Unterseite in ihrer Mitte ein kleines, 
weisses oder sehr schwach gelbliches Sporenhäufchen tragen. Merkbaren 
Schaden richtet der Pilz nicht an, da sich die Infectionen stets auf diese 
punktfôrmigen Flecken beschränken. 


JO00 
OUOUU 


Fig. 4. Uredosporen der Phakopsora Erythrinae n. sp. (Vergr, 670). 


Die Sporen dieses Pilzes stimmen, wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich ist, in 
ihrer Form vollständig mit denjenigen der Phakopsora Commelinae überein ; 
nur sind sie beträchtlich grüsser, nämlich 24—38, meist 30—33 u lang, 15-—26, 
meist 21—23 x breit. Auch ihre Oberfläche ist mit feinen Stacheln besetzt. 

Obschon ich das Verhalten dieses Pilzes während zweier Jahre sowohl 
in der Regen- als in der Trockenzeit verfolgt habe, konnte ich, ebenso wie 
auf Commelina, keine Teleutosporen finden. Wenn diese im Klima von 
Westjava überhaupt gebildet werden, dann geschieht dies sicherlich nur 
als grosse Ausnahme. 

Auch diese Uredoformen môüchte ich vorläufig zur Gattung Phakopsora 
stellen und zwar unter dem Namen Phakopsora Erythrinae. 


6 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





Phakopsora Erythinae n.sp. Soris uredosporiferis hypophyllis, lacteis, 
maculis obscure brunneis, parvis, 1—-2 mm. latis insidentibus; uredosporis 
(fig. 4) hyalinis, piriformibus vel ovoideis vel irregularibus, echinulatis, 24—38, 
fere 30—33 u longis, 15— 26, fere 21—23 u latis; paraphysibus numerosis, 
hyalinis, 35—62 u longis, 11—16 « latis. Teleutosporis absentibus. Habitat 
in foliis vivis Erythrinae microcarpae KDS. et VAL in hort. oecon. Bogoriensi 
in insula Java. 


5. Endophyllum Ixorae n. sp. 


Unter den zahilreichen Pilzen, die RACIBORSKI aus Java bekannt gemacht 
hat, beschreibt er auch eine Uredinee auf Griffitsia fragrans MIQ. (Randia 
Miquelii KDS. et VAL. pro parte) und Randia seandens (BL.) DC., nämlich 
Endophyllum Griffitsiae n. sp., das er für wahrscheinlich identisch betrachtet 
mit dem Aecidium Griffitsiae HENN. Ich fand in dem sekundären Urwald 
bei Depok ebenfalls ein ÆErdophyllum auf Randia patula MIiQ. und Randia 
multiflora KDS. et VAL. das ich mit dem End. Griffitsiae für identisch 
halten môüchte, obschon Versuche über die biologische Specialisation auf 
diesen vier Randia-Arten nicht ausgeführt werden konnten. 

Daneben fand RACIBORSKI ebenfalls um Depok auf einer andern Ru- 
biacee, Pavetta silvatica BL. (Pav. indica L.) noch ein weiteres Erdophyllum 
mit Pykniden, das er vorläufig beim End. Griffitsiae unterbringt, das aber, 
wie SYDOW bemerkt, wohl zu einer selbständigen Art erhoben werden 
dürfte. Trotz vielen Suchens konnte ich diesen Pilz nicht mehr wiederfinden, 
da die sekundären Wälder durch die Bevülkerung stark geschlagen werden. 
Jedoch fand ich auf /xora javanica DC. (Pavefta pauciflora BL.) ein Endo- 
phyllum, das von diesen beiden verschieden zu sein scheint. 

Der Pilz bildet auf den Blättern gewüôhnlich 2—3 cm. grosse, erst 
hellerüne, später schmutzig-braune, schwach vorgewôülbte Flecken, die auf 
- der Unterseite über und über von Sporenhäufchen besetzt sind. Manchmal 
überzieht er die Blätter auch ganz und bringt sie zum vorzeitigen Absterben. 
Die Teleutosporenlager werden tief im Blattgewebe angelegt und sind zur 
Reifezeit selbst an der Blattoberfläche als eine schwache Wôülbung sichtbar. 
Ihr Durchmesser beträgt im allgemeinen 200—300 uw. Die Wände der 
Peridienzellen (Fig. 5) sind allseitig ungefähr gleich dick und mit feinen, 
stachelfôrmigen Sculpturen besetzt. 

Die Teleutosporen sind länglich, mit abgerundeten Ecken, meist 17—21 w 
lang, 12—15 x breit. Ihre Oberfläche ist ebenfalls mit feinen Stacheln 
besetzt. Sie keimen in Wasser ziemlich reichlich, haben aber die Eigen- 
tümlichkeit, dass die Basidien gewôhnlich nur eine Querwand besitzen. 
So wie RACIBORSKI es für Endophyllum Griffitsiae erwähnt, geschieht es 
auch bei dem vorliegenden Pilze üfters, dass die Sterigmen sich gabeln. 
Nur scheinen hier im Gegensatz zu End. Griffitsiae beide Gabeläste 
nacheinander eine Basidiospore abschnüren zu künnen. 


GAUMANN : Mykologische Mitteilungen 11. 1 fi 











Fig. 5. Peridienzellen, Teleutosporen und Basidien des Endophyllum 
Ixorae n. sp, (Vergr. 670). 


Wie schon oben gesagt, scheint mir dieser Pilz neu zu sein. Von 
dem End. Griffitsiae auf Randia unterscheidet er sich durch die schmälern 
und daher länglichern Teleutosporen. Von dem andern, noch nicht näher 
beschriebenen Erdophyllum auf Pavetta indica unterscheidet er sich schon 
durch die Abwesenheit der Pykniden. Als Namen môchte ich vorschlagen 
Endophyllum Ixorae. 

Endophyllum Txorae n. sp. Soris teleutosporiferis hypophyllis, maculis 
rotundatis vel irregularibus, hypertrophicis, usque ad 3 em. latis insidentibus, 
immersis, rotundatis, 200—300 x diam., peridio (fig. 5) dense verrucoso. 
Teleutosporis (fig. 5) angulato-ellipsoideis vel globosis, dense minutissimeque 
verruculosis, flavidis, fere 17—21 u longis, 12—15 « latis. Habitat in foliis 
vivis /xorae javanicae DC. in insula Java. 


6. Uromyces Phlogacanthi n. sp. 


Der Fund dieses Uromyces hat eine ähnliche Geschichte wie sie RACI- 
BORSKI erzählt für einen der Pilze, die er auf Java entdeckte, dass er 
nämlich beim Suchen nach einem parasitischen Pilz auf eine neue Phaneroga- 
menart gestossen war. So fand ich im Juli des vergangenen Jahres in 
einer Bachrinne zwischen Bitoembang und Gantarang auf der Insel Saleier 
(südlich von Celebes) einen Rostpilz auf einer Acanthacee mit schmutzig 
braun-violetten Blüten, von der icheiniges Material zur Verification mitnahm. 
Später sah ich den gleichen Rostpilz auf der gleichen Wirtspflanze in einem 
Sumpfwald auf der Insel Palette im Golf von Bone wieder und schliesslich, 
vermischt mit einem Aecidium, in einem Gebüsch an Westhange des 
Tales des WalanaE, am Fusspfad von Bontorihoe nach Tjani. 


8 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





Bei der Bestimmung der Wirtspflanze durch Herrn €. A. BACKER, 
Botaniker für die Javaflora am Herbarium in Buitenzorg, stellte es sich her- 
aus, dass es sich um eine hüchst wahrscheinlich neue Art der sonst haupt- 
sächlich centralasiatischen Gattung Phlogacanthus handelte. Da Herr BACKER 
aber mit der weitern Bearbeitung und Beschreibung dieser Art zuwarten 
will, bis die Acanthaceen für die Javaflora an die Reihe kommen werden, 
hat er mir für sie den Manuskriptnamen PAlogacanthus celebicus BACKER 
gegeben, wovon also das. Originalmaterial im Buitenzorger Herbar der wei- 
tern Bearbeitung barrt. 





Fig. 6. Teleutosporen des Uromyces Phlogacanthi n. sp. (Vergr. 670). 
= 


2 RES 

Auf den Blättern des PAlog. celebicus verursacht unser Pilz bis 2 cm. 
messende, dunkelbraune, mit einem hellgrünen Hof umgebene Flecken, die 
auf der Unterseite über und über von den Sporenhäufchen besetzt sind. 
Die Teleutosporen stehen dicht in kleinen, halbkugeligen Lagern beieinander. 
Sie sind kastanienbraun, glatt, in ihrer Gestalt ziemlich unregelmässig, meist 
mehr oder weniger kugelig oder umgekehrt eifôrmig, oft beinahe keulen- 
fürmig, da häufig die Spore in den Stiel herabläuft, An der Spitze ist ge- 
legentlich ein Keimporus sichtbar. Sie sind 23—30, meist 26—28 x lang, 
20-25, meist 21—23 x« breit. Ihre Wand ist deutlich zweischichtig. Ihre 
Stiele sind dauerhaft, schwach braun und 2—3 Mal so lang als die Spore selbst. 


__ GAUMANN: Mykologische Mittcilungen 11. 9 


Neben diesen typischen Uromyces-Teleutosporen findet man in den 
Präparaten gelegentlich auch noch zweizellige Sporen, die gewühnlich etwas 
dunkler sind, ebenfalls glatt und von unregelmässiger Gestalt, Sie sind 
meist etwas kleiner als die normalen Teleutosporen, nämlich 20—23 u 
lang, 16—17 « breit. 

Da m, W. auf der Gattung PAlogacanthus noch kein Rostpilz beschrieben . 
ist, stellt die vorliegende Form eine neue Art dar, für welche ich folgende 
Fassung vorschlage. 

Uromyces Phlogacanthi n. sp. Soris teleutosporiferis hypophyllis, 
maculis pallescentibus, deinde brunneis insidentibus, pulverulentis, castaneis. 
Teleutosporis (Fig. 6) subglobosis vel ovatis vel oblongo-clavatis, rarissime 
septatis, apice papillula minutissima instructis, basi attenuatis, levibus, 
castaneis, 23—30, fere 26—28 uw longis, 20—25, fere 21—23 u latis; pedi- 
cello persistenti, crasso, flavo, usque 80 « longo. Habitat in foliis vivis 
Phlogacanthi celebici BACKER (Acanthacearum spec.) in insulis Saleier, 
Palette nec non Celebes Indiae. 


7. Aecidium Phlogacanthi n. sp. 


Neben dem Uromyces Phlogacanthi fand ich auf Phlogacanthus cele- 
bicus ein einziges Mal und auch da nur auf zwei Blättern ein Aecidium, 
und zwar an dem oben beschriebenen Standort an den Talhängen des 
WalanaE. Obschon das gleiche Blatt auch in beiden Fällen durch den 
Uromyces befallen war, ist es nicht wahrscheinlich, dass die beiden in 
einem genetischen Zusammenhange miteinander stehen; sonst hätte sich 
dieser auch in der Anordnung der Lager äussern müssen. Zuden wäre 
nicht leicht einzusehen, warum dann bei den zahilreichen befallenen Pflanzen 
an den andern Standorten (und selbst bei den andern Pflanzen am gleichen 
Standorte) keine Spuren eines Aecidiums zu finden gewesen wären. Ich 
führe es daher von dem Uromyces getrennt auf. 

Die Aecidien stehenin 
einer beinahe einen Centi- 
meter messenden Gruppe 
ziemlich dicht gedrängt bei- 
einander. Ihr Durchmesser 
ist ziemlich klein, meist nicht 
mehr als 150 «. Die Peridie 
ist an der Innenwand etwas 
dicker als an der Aussen- 
wand (Fig. 7) und an ersterer 
mit kräftiger Stabchenstruk- 


-tur versehen. 


Di : 4: - Fig, 7. Peridienzeilen und Accidiosporen des Aeci- 
IE Aecidiosporen sind dium Phlogacanthi n. sp. (Vergr. 670). 





leicht punktiert, kugelig oder 
meist etwas länglich, meist 18—23 u lang, 14-18 w breit. 


+ 


10 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 








Aecidium Phlogacanthi n.sp. Aecidiis amphigenis, gregariis, conspicuis, 
fere 100 « diam., tenuibus, peridio e cellulis firme conjunctis grosse 
verruculosis; sporis globosis vel ellipsoideis, minutissime verruculosis, fere 
18—23 u longis, 14—18 u latis (Fig. 7). Habitat in foliis vivis Phlogacanthi 
celebici BACKER in insula Celebes. 


8. Puccinia celebica n. sp. 


Auf Borreria laevis GRISEB. fand ich auf einem Schuttplatz bei Bikeroe 
an der Oostküste von Südcelebes eine Puccinia, die wahrscheinlich für die 
Wissenschaîft neu ist. Sie bildet auf den Blättern sehr kleine, nur ausnahms- 
weise bis etwa einen halben Centimeter grosse, braune Flecken, die auf 
der Unterseite von den mehr oder weniger concentrisch stehenden, anfäng- 
lich gelbbraunen, in der Reiïfe kastanienbraunen Sporen-lagern bedeckt sind. 


5066 


09 6 


Fig. 8 Teleutosporen der Puccinia celebica n. sp. (Vergr. 670). 





Die Teleutosporen (Fig. 8) sind von sehr unregelmässiger Gestalt, 
gelecentlich ebenso breit oder selbst noch breiter als lang, meist 25—33 w 
lang, 20—26 x breit, mit dickem, glatten hellbraunem Epispor. Der Stiel 
ist persistent und ziemlich kurz, meist nur 33—50 x lang. 

Diese Art unterscheidet sich von der afrikanischen Puccinia Borreriae 
SYDOW auf Borreria angustifolia durch ihre kleineren und rundern Teleuto- 


GAUMANN: Mykologische Mitteilungen 11. 11 








sporen, währenddem auf einer andern Borreria-Art m.W. noch keine 
Puccinia beschrieben ist. Dagegen dürfte sie mit derPucc. brevispora RAC. 
auf Spermacoce spec. aus Java nahe verwandt sein, was man aber nur an 
Hand der Originalmaterialien entscheiden künnte. Immerhin ist schon mit 
Rücksicht auf die systematische Stellung der Wirtsgattungen eine Identitäf 
der beiden Pilze kaum wahrscheinlich, weshalb ich für meine Form den 
Namen Puccinia celebica vorschlage. 

Puccinia celebica n. sp. Soris teleutosporiferis hypophyllis, maculis parvis, 
brunneolis insidentibus, plerumque secus orbem dispositis, minutis, castaneis ; 
teleutosporis (Fig. 8) irregularibus, oblongis vel ovoideis, apice rotundatis, 
medio vix vel haud constrictis, basi plerumque rotundatis, flavis, levibus, 
25—33 u longis, 20—26 « latis, episporio tenui, crasso, pedicello persistenti, 
plerumque brevi. Habitat in foliis vivis Borreriae laevis GRISEB. in insula 
Celebes. 


ORCHIDACEAE NOVAE MALAYENSES X. 


Auctore 


JL ESSMITÉ 


Peristylus tobensis ]. J. S. n. sp. 

Tubera subovalia, sicco c. 0.5—0.6 cm. longa. Caulis hypogaeus inter- 
dum elongatus et ad nodos radicans, ad c. 2 4 cm. longus. Caulis epigaeus 
brevis. Folia pauca, basilaria, oblonga, apicem versus angustata, c. 3 cm. 
longa; vaginae breves, tubulosae. Inflorescentia erecta, densius multiflora, 
pedunculo c. 12—17.5 cm. longo, vaginulis c. 4 foliaceis apicem versus 
decrescentibus in bracteas vergentibus donato, rachide c. 2.5—4.5 cm. longa. 
Bracteae anguste ovato-lanceolatae, sensim angustatae, inferiores ad c. 0.85—1 
cm. longae (sicco), superiores minores. Sepalum dorsale oblongum ad 
lanceolatum, acuminatum, marginibus incurvis apiculatum, bene concavum, 
1—3nervium, costa media dorso prominente, c. 0.5—0.75 cm. longum, 
0.14—0.2 cm. latum. Sepala oblique anguste lanceolata, falcatula, sensim 
acuminata, apice marginibus incurvis apiculata, canaliculata, nervo 1 dorso 
prominulo, c. 0.5-—0.7 cm. longa, 0.13—0.16 cm. lata. Petala basi obliqua 
ungui labelli adnata, oblique subelliptica, longe acuminata, acuta, concava, 
Inervia cum nervo laterali 1 utrinque, c. 0.5—0.65 cm. longa, 0.17—0.2 
cm. lata. Labellum basi gynostemio et basi petalorum adnatum, calcaratum, 
unguiculatum, apice recurvum, concavum, 3nervium, explanatum absque 
calcari c. 0.48 cm. longum, ungue conspicuo, subovali-oblongo, concavo, 
intus infra apicem callo conspicuo conico porrecto instructo, subtus. late 
convexo-tricostato, c. 0.28 cm. longo, 0.18 cm. lato, lamina trifida, laciniis 
lateralibus divergentibus, incurvis, oblique oblongis, margine antico subrectis, 
margine postico plus minusve rotundatis et crenulato-repandulis, c. 0.14— 0.16 
cm. longis, fere 0.1 cm. latis, lacinia intermedia lateralibus longiore et 
angustiore, obtusa vel acuta, c, 0.17 cm, longa, bene 0.05 cm, lata, calcari 
Ovario parallelo reverso, cum labello angulum obtusum faciente, ovoideo, 
acuminato, subacuto, c. 0.2 cm. longo. Gynostemium cum ovario angulum 
obtusum faciens, c. 0.2—0.25 cm. longum, auriculis dimidium gynostemii 
vix superantibus, gynostemio adpressis, oblongis, truncatis. Anthera 
gynostemium continua, thecis parallelis, contiguis, extus convexis, connectivo 
costiformi, apice in rostrum obtusangule incurvulum apice subrecurvulum 
triangulum producto. Rostelli lobus intermedius arcte conduplicato-triangulus, 
acutus. Ovarium tortum, 6sulcatum, c. 0.575—1 cm. longum. 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 13 





Sumatra: Bataklanden, Toba lake, 1450 m. (O. HAGERUP n. 7 pp. 
1916—1917). 


Differing from P. candidus J. J. S. in the smaller flowers with a longer 
spur and a callus on the lip, and from P. fentaculatus J. J. S,in the larger 
flowers with very short side laciniae of the lip. 

Description from herbarium specimens the leaves of which were all 
in a bad state. 


Platanthera angustata LNDL. Gen. et sp. Orch. (1835), 290; etc. 

var, singgalangensis ]J.].S. n. var. 

Rhizoma brevissimum, radicibus crassis, villosis. Folia radicalia erecta, 
petiolata, ovata, vix acuminata, apiculata, basi longe in petiolum contracta, 
curvinervia, in utraque parte costae mediae supra canaliculatae subtus valde 
carinatae nervis c. 3 majoribus et nonnulis tenuibus, reticulato-venosa, 
c. 0—10 cm. longa, 5—5.5 cm. lata, basi contracta c. 3—4 cm. longa ; 
petiolus canaliculatus, €. 6.5—9.5 cm, longus, basi vaginis tubulosis obtectus. 
Inflorescentia erecta, laxe multiflora, pedunculo c. 30—40 cm. longo, basi 
nonnullis vaginulis tubulosis superioribus accrescentibus ad c. 6—7 cm. 
longis obtecto, deinde vaginis foliaceis c. 2—4 sessilibus amplexicaulibus 
vel fere amplexicaulibus marginibus et costa media decurrentibus ovatis 
acute acuminatis superne decrescentibus et in bracteas vergentibus ad 
c. 4.5—06.25 cm. longis donato, rachide saepe plus minusve serpentina, 
bractearum marginibus et costa media decurrentibus plus minusve angulata, 
c. 13—20 cm. longa. Bracteae ovatae, acuminatae, acutae, basi decurrentes, 
supra in utraque parte costae mediae canaliculatae convexae, ad c. 1.65 cm, 
longae, 0.8 cm. latae. Flores carnosuli, €. 0.7 cm. lati, cum calcari c. 2.4 cm. 
longi. Sepalum dorsale erectum, cum petalis galeatum, late ovatum, 
obtusum, concavum, nervis 3 dorso prominulis, c. 0.75 cm. longum, 0.55 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia oblique reflexa, apice recurva, convexa, oblique 
oblonga, margine interiore rotundata, obtusa, nervis 3 dorso prominulis, 
C. 0.875 cm. longa, 0.4 cm. lata. Petala sepalo dorsali leviter agglutinata, 
oblique subsemiovata, apice leviter contracta, obtusa, retusa, margine antico 
inferne rotundata, basi fauci calcaris et basi gynostemii adnata, 2nervia, 
c. 0.75 cm. longa, 0.36 cm. lata. Labellum recurvum, cum gynostemio angulum 
subrectum faciens, fauci calcaris basi gynostemii adnatum, late lineare, apicem 
versus vix angustatum, obtusum, basi utrinque leviter obtusangule dilatatum, 
convexum, Cc. 0.05 cm. longum, basi 0.35 cm., medio 0.25 cm. latum; 
calcar deflexum, leviter incurvulum, subteres, sectione transversa ellipticum, 
apicem versus attenuatum, anguste obtusum, c. 1.7 cm. longum. Gynostemium 
latum, cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, lateraliter compressum, dorso 
convexum, C. 0.4 cm. longum, 0.35 cm. latum, auriculis in medio gynostemii 
marginum anticorum, semilunatis, verruculosis. Anthera magna, lata, con- 
nectivo lato hippocrepiformi-curvato, apice oblique truncato spurie rotundato- 
exciso, thecis remotis, clavatis, basi divergentibus, lateraliter compressis, 


14 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 











apice rotundatis. Rostellum transversum, latum, lobo intermedio obsoleto 
angustissimo. Stigma late transverse oblongum. Ovarium patens, apice in- 
curvulum et attenuatum, tortum, obtuse trigonum, costis 3 validis et 3 
obsoletis sed in rostro conspicuis, €. 1.6 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: West coast, Goenoeng Singgalang, 2800 m., in underbrush, 
common. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 2871, June 1918). As quoted, fan along 
the lake on the summit, 2870 m. (S. LEEFMANS n. 16, April 1918). Laras 
Talang, Boekit Gombak, 2200 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5716, 
November 1918). 


The texture of the flowers seems to have been somewhat more fleshy 
than in the Javanese specimens. Moreover the sepals, petals and lip are less 
narrowed towards the tip, the connective is narrower, the auricles of the 
column smaller and the midlobe of the rostellum still more obsolete. 

AI the flowers of n. 5716 are very much damaged, but I think it 
belongs here. 

The flowers are said to be.green. 

Description from herbarium and part of an inflorescence preserved in 
alcohol. 


Cryptostylis conspicua J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér. III 
(1921), 247. 

var. sumatrana |.].S. n. var. 

Folia erecta, longe petiolata, oblique ovata ad elliptico-ovata, acute 
acuminata, basi breviter acute in petiolum contracta, sicco membranacea, 
c. 14—22 cm. longa, 6.75—0.5 cm. lata; petiolus 11—19 cm. longus. 
Inflorescentiae validae, pedunculo c. 39—54 cm. longo, vaginis c. 6 longis 
tubulosis acutis ad c. 5 —9 cm, longis donato, vaginis inferioribus approximafis 
brevioribus obtusis apiculatis, rachide c. 18—36 cm. longa, 17—36flora. 
Bracteae ovato-triangulae, longe acuminatae, c. 1.5—2.6 cm. longae. Flores 
majusculi, erecti. Sepalum dorsale explanatum  anguste lanceolatum, 
acutum, apiculatum, €. 1.9 cm. longum, 0.4 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia 
explanata lineari-lanceolata, anguste obtusa, breviter apiculata, c. 1.9 cm. 
longa, 0.35 cm. lata, Petala lineari-lanceolata, acute acuminata, c. 0.95 cm. 
longa, 0.18 cm. lata. Labellum convexum, basi medio fere usque medium 
alte cucullatum, cucullo anguste oblongo, dorso longitudinaliter late 3costata, 
parte superiore cum cucullo angulum obtusum faciente, carnosulum, inex- 
planatum ambitu ellipticum, acutum, basi minute biauriculatum, 2,5 cm. 
longum, 1.35 cm. latum, explanatum subovato-triangulum, basi truncatum, 
1.6 cm. latum. Gynostemium cum ovario angulum subrectum faciens, dorso 
convexum cum canalicula longitudinali, clinandrio magno, apice lato bilobo, 
utroque latere trilobulo, lobulis 2 obtusis, lobulo inferiore (auricula) denti- 
formi triangulo. Anthera ovato-cordata, obtusa, brevissime obtuse subrecurvule 
conico-apiculata, basi thecarum dimidio interiore basi breviter producto 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 15 





bilobula, c. 0.26 cm. longa. Stigma prominens, utroque latere convexum 
cum marginibus recurvis. Ovarium c. 1.4 cm. longum. Capsula erecto- 
patens, flore marcedo coronata, fusiformis, basi brevissime pedicellato- 
contracta, 6costata, c. 2.2 cm. longa, rimis 6 dehiscens. 


Sumatra: West coast, Goenoeng Malintang, 1900 m., in forest. 
(H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 3933 and 4057, July 1918). Goenoeng Sago, 
1800—2000 m., not rare. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIER nrs. 4012 and 4355, 
July and August 1918). 


The variety differs chiefly in the colouring of the flowers which are 
described by the author as green, the lip being very faintly veined with violet. 

Description from numerous dried plants and part of an inflorescence 
preserved in alcohol. 


Aphyllorchis sumatrana J. |. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma verticale, breve, brevinode, vaginis brevibus tubulosis rumpen- 
tibus, radicibus horizontalibus crassis villosis. Inflorescentia erecta, elongata, 
laxe multiflora, pedunculo furfuraceo, c. 20—-53 cm. longo, vaginulis c. 7—8 
tubulosis obtusis furfuraceis ad c. 1.25—1.75 cm. longis donato, rachide 
furfuracea, c. 9—-15.,5 cm. longa. Bracteae oblongae, obtusae, furfuraceae, 
ad c. 0.5—0.7 cm. longae. Flores c. 1 cm. lati, 1.1 cm. longi, sepalis dorso 
verruculosis et parce furfuraceis petalisque incurvis. Sepalum dorsale erectum, 
valde cymbiformi-concavum, oblongum, apice angustatum, obtusum, brevis- 
sime apiculatum, nervis 3 dorso prominulis, bene 0.9 cm. longum, 0.325 
cm. latum. Sepala lateralia decurva, oblique cymbiformi-concava, falcato- 
oblonga, obtusa, nervis 3 dorso prominulis, c. 0.725 cm. longa, 0.32 cm:- 
lata. Petala falcato-oblonga, obtusa, interdum apiculata, irregulariter marginata, 
leviter concava, 3nervia, costa media dorso valde prominente, c. 0.75 cm. 
longa, 0.25 cm. lata. Labellum 3lobum, ambitu oblongum; hypochylium 
cum Ovario angulum acutum, cum gynostemio angulum obtusum faciens, 
subquadratum, apicem versus paulo dilatatum, carnosum, basi crassissimum, 
apicem versus attenuatum, sectione longitudinali triangulum, c. 0.23 cm. 
longum, 0225 cm. latum; lobi laterales parvi, basilares, erecti, paralleli, 
facie interiore disco adnati, oblique trianguli, margine antico angusto liveri, 
obtusi; epichylium membrana transversa tenui 5nervia elastice insertum, 
simplex, infra medium valde recurvum et leviter constrictum, carnosum, 
marginibus erectis basin versus paulo dilatatis rotundatis et irregulariter 
crenulatis concavum, marginibus infra apicem incurvis contiguis cucullatum, 
cuculli apice trigono-conico obtuso, extus superne utrinque rugulosum, 
lateribus intus apice et margine angusto exceptis valde convexo-incrassatum 
et verrucoso-rugosum, fere 0.6 cm. longum, basi 0.3 cm. latum. Gynoste- 
mium longiusculum, vix curvulum, apice non dilatatum, dimidio inferiore 
subteres, costula longitudinali ab auricularum margine antico decurrente 
utrinque, dorso ad apicem longitudinaliter bisulcatum, 0.525 cm. longum, 


16 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





clinandrio alte bipartito, lobis (auriculis) conspicuis, sinu truncato sejunctis, 
triangulis, obtusis, leviter concavis, anthera paulo brevioribus. Anthera 
cucullata, selliformis, connectivo crasso convexo lateraliter Tompresso, 
marginibus latis deflexis margine ultimo incurvulis, apice late rotundato-biloba, 
c. 0.13 cm. longa. Rostellum porrectum, cum ovario angulum acutum faciens, 
auriculis multo brevius. Stigma longitudinale, obverse oblongo-triangulum, 
margine elevatum, fere usque medium gynostemii decurrens. Ovarium 
curvulum, obtuse trigonum, alte 6sulcatum, verruculosum, parce furfuraceum, 
c. 1.1 cm. longum; pedicellus tortus, 0.45 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: West coast, Goenoeng Malintang, 1300 m., in forest. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 4041, July 1918). 


A species with the epichyl of the lip simple, much recurved and 
rugose outside towards the apex and inside, and a rather long column 
hardly dilated at the apex. 

»Peduncle, bracts and flowers light green with violet streaks”. 
(BüNNEMEIJER). 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


Galeola ternatensis J. J. S. n. sp. 

Caulis elongatus, validus, scandens, inferne vaginatus, superne ad 
basin ramulorum secundariorum foliatus, e nodis unam radicem satis elonga- 
tam emittens. Folia obovato-elliptico-oblonga, sicco apice marginibus 
incurvis contracta, obtusa, ad c. 7.5 cm. longa, 2.75 cm. lata (sicco), supe- 
riora minora. Inflorescentia ampla, terminalis, bene ramosa, laxe paniculata, 
ramis inferioribus in axilla foliorum et squamarum, ramulis ultimis paten- 
tissimis racemosis densius multifloris, diu flores gignentibus, pedunculo 
©. 125—5.75 cm. longo suffultis, rachide incrassata, tereti, €. 1—1.5 cm. longa. 
Bracteae quaquaversae, minimae, patentes, triangulae, acutae, concavae, 
0.07 cm. longae, persistentes. Flores in racemis singuli expansi, mediocres. 
Sepalum dorsale anguste oblongum, apicem versus sensim dilatatum, 
apice breviter angustatum, obtusiusculum, apice recurvulum et late 
canaliculatum, 7- supra basin Onervium, fere 2.2 cm. longum, 0.65 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia superne recurva, oblique oblonga, subfalcatula, 
obtusa, basi breviter angustata, supra basin 8—Onervia, bene 2 cm. longa, 
0.775 cm. lata. Petala anguste lanceolata, falcatula, apicem versus sensim 
leviter dilatata, obtusa, angulato-convexa cum costa longitudinali, dorso 
canaliculata, 5nervia, c. 2.2 cm. longa, 0.5 cm. lata, Labellum basi 
brevissime unguiculata basi gynostemii adnatum, concavum, subsimplex, 
explanatum ambitu cuneato-quadrangulo-orbiculare, ?/; partibus superioribus 
paulo dilatatum rotundatum et crispato-undulatum, parte inferiore irregu- 
lariter repandulum, parte inferiore lamellis creniformibus plus minusve 
transverse seriatis instructum, lamellis in parte antica densioribus et 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 17 


longioribus, crista conspicua utrinque ad basin, costa longitudinali valida 
duplici e basi usque bene ?/, partes supra basin deinde decrescente 
simplici et usque apicem producta, subtus longitudinaliter sulcatum, 
totum c. 1.9 cm. longum, fere 1.4 cm. latum, hypochylio 1.25 cm, longo, 
fere 1.4 cm. lato. Gynostemium gracile, sigmoideum, leviter a dorso 
compressum, apicem versus incrassatum, c. 1.25 cm. longum, clinandrio 
magno, alte excavato, pariete postico producto lato truncato, apicem versus 
utrinque minutissime serrulato. Anthera magna, cucullata, a latere visa 
triangula, antice quadrata, apice retusa et medio minute fimbriato-serrulata. 
0,25 cm. lata. Rostellum recurvum, triangulum. Stigma transversum, trian- 
culum, Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 1.2 cm. longum. 


Hicmnate:Toramadiahi, c. 800:m. (V. M. A. BEGUIN, n. 1121, 
November 1920). 


Near CG. vanilloides SCHLTR. and G. affinis J. J. S. From the first 
species it differs in the colour of the flowers, the petals being grooved 
HHRtne back (SCHLECHTER in his description says ,,petalis . . . . . nervo 
medio extus incrassato”; | suppose that this in an error as in all species 
of Galeola | know the petals are grooved on the back), a much broader 
lip with the keel produced unto the apex but simple and less conspicuous 
in the upper third part. From G. affinis J. J. S. it may be distinguished 
by the much broadèer lip not or hardly retuse at the apex, the clinandrium 
being very minutely serrulate at the margin and the retuse anther. The 
three species want to be studied from good flowers preserved in alcohol. 

» Terrestrial, climber, 4 m. high. Leaves only on the flowering branches. 
Flowers yellow, lip red, inside with erect hairy red organs with a light 
yellow tip.” (V. M. A. BEGUIN). 

Description from herbarium. 


Erythrodes amboinensis J. J. S. nom. nov. — Physurus herpysmoides 
K. et P. var. amboinensis J. J. S. Orch. Ambon (1905), 10. 


The species differs from Æ. kerpysmoides (K. et P.) SCHLTR. à.0. in 
the much smaller flowers and the shorter spur. 


Erythrodes brevicalcar J.]J.S. n. sp. : 

Caulis e basi decumbente tereti ne cb12:5/CnT. longa adscendens, 
parte erecta c. 5.5 cm. longa, c. 4folia. Folia oblique oblongo-ovata, 
subfalcatula, leviter acuminata, acuta, basi breviter in petiolum contracta, 
undulata, nervis 4 majoribus supra impressis subtus prominentibus, 
c. 6—6.5 cm. longa, 2.8—3 cm. lata, Summum minus; petiolus tenuiusculus, 
canaliculatus, cum vagina brevi tubulosa €. 2.5—2.7 cm. longus. Inflorescentia 
erecta, laxe satis multiflora, pedunculo glandulosa-piloso, c. 1.35 cm. longo, 
vaginulis c. 4 basi tubulosis adpressis superioribus tantum glanduloso-pilosis 


9 


18 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V. Liwr. 1. 








ad c. 2.4 cm. longis donato, rachide glanduloso-pilosa, c. 7.5 cm. longa. Bracteae 
adpressae, lanceolato-triangulae, sensim longe acuminatae, acutae, concavae, 
dorso glanduloso-pilosae, Inerviae, c. 0.75 cm. longae. Flores erecti, parvi, 
c. 0.6 cm. longi, sepalis dorso sparse glanduloso-pilosis. Sepalum dorsale 
erectum, oblongum, dimidio superiore fere angustatum, obtusum, concavum, 
3nervium, c. 0.46 cm. longum, fere 0.2 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia.erecto- 
patentia, obiique subovato-oblonga, apice angustata, obtusiuscula, concava, 
3nervia, c. 0.46 cm., margine antico 0.52 cm. longa, 0.225 cm. lata. Petala 
sepalo dorsali leviter agglutinata, ?/; partibus superioribus marginibus 
proximis firme conglutinatis, oblique spathulata, convexa, apice incurvula, 
2nervia, ungue cuneato-oblongo, sensim in laminam oblique rhombeo- 
ovatam obtusam dilatato, tota c. 0.43 cm. longa, lamina c. 0.25 cm. longa, 
0.17 cm. lata, ungue basi 0.05 cm. lato. Labellum breviter calcaratum, subtus 
visum totum ambitu oblongum, subtus longitudinaliter sulcatum, apice 
recurvum, inexplanatum c. 0.5 cm. longum, lamina usque ad apicem ovarii 
c. 0.3 cm. longa, parte inferiore ventricosa quam calcar latiore, marginibus 
incurvis superne leviter recurvulis gynostemio utroque latere adpressa, 
utrinque sulco excepto verruculoso-callosa, inexplanata c. 0.225 cm. lata, 
apice constricta deinde in laminam (lobum intermedium) recurvam canali- 
culatam obtusangule triangulam vix undulatam explanatam bene 0.1 cm. 
longam 0.26 cm. latam dilatata; calcar ovario adpressum, breve, crassum, 
omnino alte longitudinaliter sulcatum, obtuse 2lobulum, c. 0.2 cm. longum, 
0.175 cm. latum. Gynostemium subrectum, basi contractum, marginibus 
conspicue rotundato-dilatatis, c. 0.33 cm. longum, clinandrio alte oblique 
cucullato, marginibus ad basin rostelli dentem obtusangulum formante. 
Anthera inferne in clinandrium immersa, ambitu elongato-triangula, acuta, 
basi altius biloba, dimidio inferiore connectivo convexo-incrassata, parte 
antica plana, c. 0.25 cm. longa. Glandula polliniorum oblonga. Rostellum 
elongatum, concavum, 2fidum, laciniis oblongo-triangulis, subfalcatis, subacutis. 
Stigma longitudinale, quinquangulare. Ovarium curvulum, 6sulcatum, 
sparse glanduloso-pilosum, c. 0.9 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: West coast, Agam, Boekit Batoe Banting. (W. GROENEVELDT, 
Fort de Kock, cult. sub n. 1118). 


À distinct species with small flowers, the lip callous on both sides, 
without ridges and with a very short spur. 
Description from a single plant preserved in alcohol. 


Anoectochilus longicalcaratus J. J. S. n. sp. 

Caulis e basi decumbente radicante c. 6—15 cm. longa adscendens, 
parte erecta €. 4—6 cm. longa, 4—Ofolia. Folia oblique subovata vel 
suborbicularia, breviter acute acuminata, basi late cuneata vel late rotundato- 
truncata, minute undulata, 5nervia, c. 2.4—4,5 cm. ionga, 1.9—3.2 cm. lata; 
petiolus canaliculatus, cum vagina tubulosa c, 1.2—1.4 cm. longus. Inflore- 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 19 





scentia erecta, apice laxe 2 — 4flora, pedunculo glanduloso-piloso, c. 10-15 cm. 
longo, vaginulis c. 3 in bracteas vergentibus ad c. 1,2 cm. longis donato, rachide 
glanduloso-pilosa, c. 1.8—3.2 cm longa. Bracteae ovario adpressae, oblongo- 
triangulae, acute acuminatae, concavae, dorso puberulae, Inerviae, ad c. 1.3 cm. 
longae. Flores conspicui, c. 2.2 cm. lati, 2.5 cm. longi, $epalis dorso 
patentissime glanduloso-pilosis. Sepalum dorsale horizontale, apice recurvulum, 
late subelliptico-ovatum, acuminatum, obtusum, valde concavum, Inervium, 
c. 1.2 cm. longum, 0.575 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia divergentia, apice recurva, 
basi basin calcaris semiamplectentia, oblique oblonga, superne paulum dila- 
tata, breviter obtuse acuminata, basi valde obliqua, ‘/; parte mediana valde 
AneAVa  Inervia; c. 1.275 cm., tota 1.55 em. longa, 0.55 cm. lata. Petala 
sepalo dorsali agglutinata, valide inaequilatera, latere interiore angustissima, 
oblique oblonga, apicem versus leviter dilatata, deinde triangulo-contracta, 
subacuta, concava, Inervia, c. 1.23 cm. longa, 0.44 cm. lata. Labellum 
calcaratum, trilobum, hypochylio valde concavo, marginibus gynostemio 
adpresso, oblongo, c. 0,5 cm. longo, lobis lateralibus erectis, brevibus, apice 
valide involuto late rotundatis, mesochylio (ungue lobi intermedii) marginibus 
arcte inflexis supra contiguis oblongo, apicem versus angustato, a dorso 
valde compresso, supra canaliculato, transverse ruguloso, inferne utrinque 
appendicibus c. 7 abbreviatis obtusis deinde appendicibus c. 8 elongatis 
inaequilongis filiformibus curvulis instructo, c. 0.4 cm. longo, ad lacinias 
1.55 cm. lato, epichylio (lamina lobi intermedii) expanso, bipartito, apiculo 
recurvo conduplicato acuto in sinu, explanato c. 1.2 em. lato, lobis oblique 
late contracto-cuneato-obovatis, late rotundatis, irregulariter marginatis, 
C. 0.75 cm. longis, 0.625 cm. latis; calcar reversum, ovario fere parallelum, 
elongatum, vix incurvulum, apice excepto lateraliter compressum, apice 
manifeste bilobulum, lobulis divergentibus, acuminato-conicis, anguste obtusis, 
glandulis 2 longitudinalibus oblongis intus infra apicem, c. 1.3 cm.longum, 
Gynostemium ovarium continuum, dorso convexum, usque ad apicem 
rostelli c. 0.7 cm. longum, subtus lamellis 2 magnis accumbentibus gyno- 
stemio tota longitudine adnatis oblique oblongis superne paulo dilatatis et 
in lobulum triangulum anguste obtusum exeuntibus postice in lobulum satis 
angustum oblongum rotundatum productis c. 0.9 cm. longis instructum, 
clinandrio alte excavato, oblique cucullato. Anthera cucullata, basi in 
clinandrium immersa, cordata, longe acute acuminata, connectivo convexo- 
incrassato, postice in lobulos basales producto, c. 0.57 cm. longa. Pollinia 2, 
valde curvata, oblique clavata, cum caudiculis linearibus et glandula 
acuta c. 0.66 cm. longa. Rostellum antheram superans, oblongum, apicem 
versus angustatum, 2dentatum. Stigmata 2, in utroque latere gynostemii 
ad basin rostelli, parva, oblique suborbicularia, convexa. Ovarium rectum, 
teres, apicem versus sensim attenuatum, apice valde obliquum, basi brevissime 
contractum, tortum, 6sulcatum, glanduloso-pilosum, c. 2 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: Ophir districts, Goenoeng Talamau. (E. JACOBSON, cutl. 


20 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LivR. 1. 








sub n. 760). As quoted, on the north-western slope, 1600 m., in forest, 
rare. (H. A.B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 765, May 1917). Goenoeng Malintang, 1800 
m., in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 4036, July 1918). Laras Talang, 
Goenoeng Talang 1650 m. and 1700 m. (H. A. B. BÜNNEMEIJER nrs. 5350 
and 5375, October 1918). Laras Talang, Boekit Gombak, 1700 m., in forest. 
(H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5445, November 1918). Agam, Boekit Batoe Banting. 
W. GROFENEVELDT, cult. sub n. 1762; a peloric form). Goenoeng Taloek, 
in forest. (W. ROTHERT, November 1909). 


À pretty species resembling À. sefaceus BL. in the colour of the leaves, 
but with a much longer spur, broader lobes of the lip, whereas the lamel- 
lae of the column have a blunt posterior lobe. From À. brevilabris LNDL. 
it may distinguished after RIDLEY's short description by the colouring 
of the leaves, the broadly cuneate lobes of the lip and the cordate acumi- 
nate glabrous anther. 

“Leaves velvety blackish green with light yellow veins, more or less 
purplish beneath, Stem, bracts and ovary olive-green. Sepals white inside, 
base and tip outside olive-brown, tip suffused with wine-red, Petals white. 
Lip white with a light green spur. Column white with the upper margin 
oreen. Anther ochreous.” (E JACOBSON). 

According to Mr, JACOBSON the veins of the leaves are light yellow, 
whereas Mr. BüNNEMEIJER describes them as silvery or light green. 

Description from herbarium and materials preserved in alcohol, 


Cystorchis appendiculata J. J. S. n. sp. 

Caulis e basi decumbente radicante c. 17 cm. longa adscendens, teres, 
parte erecta c. 4 cm. longa, c. 7folia. Folia oblique ovata, obtusa, undu- 
lata, 5nervia, c. 3.5—-3.7 cm. longa, 2,4—2.2 cm. lata, summum parvum; 
petiolus brevis, cum vagina brevi c. 0.65—0.85 cm. longus. Inflorescentia 
erecfa, apice dense c. 10flora, pedunculo glanduloso-pubescenti, c. 3.75 
cm. longo, vaginis c. 2 tubulosis longe acuminatis donato, rachide c. 1 cm. 
longa, indumento pedunceuli. Bracteae ovario adpressae, concavae, e basi 
ovato-triangula sensim longe acute acuminatae, inferne fimbriatae, dorso 
pubescentes, Inerviae, c. 0.9 cm. longae, absque fimbriis 0.4 cm. latae. 
Flores cum calcari c. 1.15 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale sigmoideum, e medio 
fere recurvum, ovato-lanceolatum, apicem versus sensim angustatum, ob- 
tusum, concavum, dorso inferne sparse glanduloso-pilosum, superne medio 
tantum parce pilosum, 1nervium, c. 0.8 cm. longum, 0.25 cm. latum. Sepala 
lateralia oblique lanceolata, obtusa, basi margine interiore valde rotundato- 
dilatata vesiculas calcaris amplectentia, concava, indumento sepali dorsalis, 
Inervia, nervo 1 brevi addito, fere 0.8 cm., tota 1 cm. longa. Petala sepalo 
intermedio agglutinata, apice margine interiore arcte conglutinata, inaequi- 
latera, oblique semiovato-lanceolata, sensim angustata, obtusa, basi et latere 
interiore concava, margine exteriore supra basin dilatatam recurva, latere 
exteriore intus convexo-incrassata et basi excepta papillosa, fnervia, ç. 0.725 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 21 








cm. longa, 0.2 cm. lata. Labellum sepala bene superans, calcaratum, gracile, 
incurvulum, supra visum ambitu lineare, subtrilobum, basi valde excavato- 
concavum, marginibus incurvis postice in lobulum brevissimum erectum 
obtusum dilatatis gynostemio adpressum, marginibus ante gynostemium 
valde incurvis conglutinatis contractum et tubum sectione transversa 
ovalem a dorso compressum supra canalicuiatum superne utrinque calloso- 
incrassatum formans, apice explanatum et lobulum terminalem reniformem 
apice late obtusangulum basi utrinque rotundatum concavum subtus con- 
vexum carnosulum faciens, callositatibus longitudinalibus parallelis oblique 
oblongis transverse rugulosis subtus canalicula separatis c. 0.47 cm. longis, 
3nervium, absque calcari c. 0.86 cm. longum, inferne (inexplanatum) 0.25 
cm. latum, parte callifera fere 0.2 cm. latum, lobulo terminali inexplanato 
c. 0.1 cm. longo, fere 0.2 cm. lato; calcar reversum, ovario adpressum, 
medio obtusangule incurvum, utrinque in vesiculam a latere compressam 
antice liberam porrectam rotundatam subfalcatulam intus glandula globosa 
donatam auctum, apice breviter obtuse conico-productum, usque apicem 
vesicularum c. 0.5 cm. longum, 0.35 cm. latum. Gynostemium breve, cum 
rostello c. 0.43 cm. longum, clinandrio alte cucullato, oblique subtruncato. 
Anthera alte cucullata, basi in clinandrium immersa, cordata, acuta, lobis 
basilaribus (thecarum) late bilobulis, connectivo valde umbonato ambitu 
triangulo, apice tenuiter membranacea, ante connectivum plica /\formi 
instructa, apice recurvula, c. 0.25 cm. longa, Rostellum antheram superans, 
canaliculatum, subtus convexum, oblongo-lineare, apicem versus angustatum, 
2dentatum. Stigma quadrangulum, marginibus dilatatum, postice in appen- 
dicem conspicuam reversam triangulam apice minute et irregulariter lacinu- 
latam concavam dorso convexam in calcar.quadrantem cum stigmate 
ambitu longe ellipticam productum. Ovarium tortum, apice recurvulum, 
basi brevissime contractum, glanduloso-pilosum, 6sulcatum, €. 0.75 cm. 


longum. 


Sumatra: Agam, Boekit Batoe Banting. (E. JACOBSON, cult. sub 
1503). 


A remarkable species because of the conspicuous triangular appendage 
of the stigma, not hitherto described in the genus. In the form of the lip 
it is nearer to C. variegata BL. than to C. javanica BL., but it is much 
more slender though not so long as in C. s{enoglossa SCHLTR. 

,Leaves very dark velvety purple above, light purple beneath. Peduncle 
whitish, the upper half olive brown. Bracts light purple. Ovary light green 
with brownish green ribs. Sepals base light green, centre watered cinna- 
mon-brown, apical half Jight saffron. Petals light brimstone-yellow, brownish. 
at the outer margin and at the base. Column white. Pollinia light yellow”. 
(E. JACOBSON). 

Description from a specimen preserved in alcohol. 


22 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





Cystorchis aberrans J. ]. S. n. sp. 

Caulis e basi decumbente radicante 3.5—6 cm. longa adscendens, 
teres, parte erecta c. 2.5 cm.longa, c. 5folia. Folia patentia, petiolata, oblique 
ovata ad ovato-elliptica, apice angustata, acuta, apiculata, basi breviter in 
petiolum contracta, c. 5nervia, curvinervia, laxe transverse venosa, c. 2—3.5 
cm. longa, 1.5—2.2 cm. lata; petiolus cum vagina late tubulosa 
c. 1.2—1.5 cm. longus ‘Inflorescentia stricta, apice densius multiflora, pe- 
dunculo tereti, pubescenti, c. 23.5—25 c.m longo, vaginulis c, 4 superiore 
excepta basi tubulosis laxe adpressis acutis ad c. 1.9 cm. longis donato, 
rachide densius pubescenti, c. 2—3.5 cm. longa, 12-—15flora. Bracteae 
ovario adpressae, e basi dilatata ovata concava ciliata longe subulato- 
acuminatae, acutae, Inerviae, c. 0.95 cm. longae. Flores quaquaversi, ovario 
erecto-patentes, tepalis cum ovario angulum subrectum facientibus, omnino 
glabri, c. 0.6 cm. lati. Sepalum dorsale horizontale, anguste oblongum, 
obtusum, concavum, marginibus basi incurvis, Inervium, c. 0.65 cm. longum, 
fere 0.2 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique porrecta, divergentia, verticalia, 
basi basin labelli amplectentia, anguste oblique oblonga, obtusa, concava, 
Inervia, bene 0.6 cm., margine antico 0.675 cm. longa, 0.23 cm. lata. Petala 
sepalo dorsali agglutinata, oblique lanceolata, apice angustato oblique sub- 
truncata, basi subfalcata unguiculato-contracta, inaequilatera, latere sepala 
lateralia versus spectante latiora, concava, Inervia, sepalo dorsali paulo 
breviore, c. 0.6 cm. longa, 0.175 cm. lata. Labellum horizontale, ambitu 
oblongum, marginibus valde incurvis gynostemio adpressum, valde cana- 
liculato-concavum, apice in laminam satis conspicuam leviter recurvulam 
gynostemium superantem ambitu orbiculari-ovatam obtusam bene concavam 
subtus convexam et esulcatam c. 0.12 cm. longam productum, basi rotundato- 
concavum et utrinque obsolete inflatum cum glandula conspicua porrecta 
oblique conica curvuia oblique truncato-obtusa, extus callositatibus 2 conspicuis 
longitudinalibus oblique oblongis irregulariter crenulato-marginatis rugulosis 
in facie inferiore labelli sulco alto separatis ad basin laminae terminantibus 
in basi labelli in costam unicam conspicuam convexam esulcatam basin 
attingentem confluentibus instructum, intus in utraque parte canaliculae 
conspicuae convexo-incrassatum, totum c. 0.66 cm. longum. Gynostemium cum 
ovario angulum obtusum faciens, gracile, c. 0.44 cm. longum, clinandrio 
oblongo, concavo. Anthera rostellum superans, cucullata, anguste cordato- 
oblonga, apice recurvula obtusa, basi breviter biloba, connectivo convexo- 
incrassato. Pollinia elongata. Rostellum bifidum, laciniis obtusis. Stigma orbicu- 
lari-quinquangulare, margine elevatum recurvumque. Ovarium erectum, sessile, 
tortum, apicem versus attenuatum, 6sulcatum, glabrum, c. 0.6 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Laras Talang, Goenoeng Talang, 
2000 m., in the forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5538, November 1918). 
As quoted, Boekit Gombak, 1800 m., in forest. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
n, 5706, November 1918). 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 23 

Though aberrant this plant is, | think, best placed in the genus 
Cystorchis. Habitus and inflorescence are wholly those of a Cysforchis, 
the lip, however, not only lacks a real spur as in C. aphylla RIDL. but 
also the vesicles at the base of the lip, which are present in all species 
hitherto described, are practically wanting. In other respects viz. the callosities 
on the sides of the lip, which is also thickened inside, and the apical lamina 
it agrees with Cysforchis. The column and anther are longer than usual. 

Stem light violet; leaves silky green above, violet beneath, flowers 
white." (BüNNEMEIJER). 

Description from a few dried specimens and part of an inflorescence 
preserved in alcohol. 


Hetaeria rostrata J.]J.S. n. Sp. 

Caulis e basi decumbente radicante c. 20 cm. longa adscendens, cras- 
siusculus, ©: 16—20 cm. altus, laxe 5—6Gfolius. Folia oblique ovata ad 
elliptica, acute acuminata, basi subrotundata ad elliptica, curvinervia, nervis 
c. 5 majoribus, laxe renticulato-venosa, sicco membranacea, c. 8.5— 9.5 cm. 
longa, 3.5—4 cm. lata; petiolus canaliculatus, cum vagina tubulosa c. 3.7— 
5.5 cm. longus. Inflorescentia stricta, elongata, laxe multiflora, pedunculo 
puberulo, c. 15—18.5 cm. longo, vaginulis c. 4 tubulosis acute acuminatis 
glabris superne in bracteas vergentibus donato, rachide puberula, c. 19 cm. 
longa. Bracteae ovario adpressae, apice angulato-reflexae, e basi late triangula 
vel potius quinquangulari longe lineari-acuminatae, acutae, concavae, glabrae, 
Inerviae, c. 0.6 cm. longae, 0.37 cm. latae. Flores parvi, non inversi, cum 
ovario erecto angulum rectum facientes, horizontales, c. 0.5 cm. longi, 
sepalis petalisque parallelis. Sepalum dorsale late ovatum, acuminatum, obtu- 
sum, concavum, dorso inferne parce puberulum, 3nervium, bene 0.4 cm. 
longum, 0.27 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique subovato-elliptica, obtusa, 
concava, dorso parce puberula, 3nervia, fere 0.4 cm. longa, 0.26 cm. lata. 
Petala sepalo dorsali leviter agglutinata, valde undato-sigmoidea, apice libera 
recurvaque, oblique subspathulato-linearia, apicem versus leviter dilatata, 
apice brevissime contracta, truncato-obtusa, vix falcatula, Inervia, c. 0.425 
cm. longa, 0.075 cm. lata. Labellum superum, horizontale, valde concavum, 
ambitu ovale, medio fere leviter constrictum, inferne marginibus erectis 
incurvulis gynostemio adpressum, c. !/; parte superiore ante gynostemium 
marginibus rectangule dilatatis valde incurvis contiguis et inferne lobulo 
rotundato tegentibus cucullum conspicuum postice apertum formans, cucullo 
superne utrinque carnoso-incrassato, umbones 2 crassos obtusos papil- 
losos formante, ante umbones in laminam parvam brevem triangulam 
trilobulatam tenuem lobulis lateralibus margine incurvam lobulo apicali 
semiovali rotundato incurvulam productum, subtus convexum cum sulco 
longitudinali, 3nervium, nervis basi furcatis, callis 2 lamelliformibus in 
ramulo interiore nervorum exteriorum sitis horizontalibus  transversis 
medium versus spectantibus lineari-oblongis apice laciniatis et contiguis 


DE BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE UE, VOL VV IMRE ME» 





intus in ‘/,; parte supra basin, inexplanatum c. 0.35 cm. longum, 0.2 cm. 
latum, lamina apicali c. 0.025 cm. longa. Gynostemium reversum, cum ovario 
angulum acutum faciens, dorso ovario fere parallelum, basi attenuatum, 
subtus inferne leviter concavum, superne lamellis 2 porrectis parallelis cum 
gynostemio angulum obtusum cum rostello angulum acutum facientibus a latere 
visis triangulis vel margine antico rotundato-subquadrangulis satis acutis 
papillosis carnosulis rostello bene brevioribus instructum, fere 0.3 cm. longum, 
clinandrio alte excavato, membranaceo. Anthera cucullata, basi in clinandrium 
immersa, cordata, longe acute acuminata, connectivo basi 3lobulato, Rostellum 
porrectum, antheram paulum superans, oblongum, carnosulum, bipartitum, 
laciniis lanceolato-linearibus--Stigmata 2, in utroque latere gynostemii ad basin 
rostelli, calliformia, sulco transverso instructa. Ovarium erectum, fusiforme, 
rostratum, 3costatum, 6sulcatum, breviter hirtello-papillosum, facie bractea 
obtecta subglabrum, totum c. 0.55 cm. longum, rostro bene 0.1 cm. longo. 


Sumatra: West coast, Goenoeng Sago, 1600 m., in forest. (H. À. B. 
BüNNEMEIER n. 4361, August 1918). Palembang, Goenoeng Dempoe, Air 
Nioeroek. (Expedition E. JACOBSON, AJOEB n. 414, August 1916). 


An ally of #. oblongifolia BL. but with larger flowers and very different 
petals, lip and column. 

,Flowers green and white,” (BüNNEMEIJER). 

Description from herbarium and part of an inflorescence preserved in 
alcohol. 


Goodyera Gibbsiae J.J.S. nom. nov. — G. arfakensis J. J. S. in 
GiBBS, Contrib. Phyt. FI. D.N.W. N. Guinea (1917), 108. 


As the name was preoccupied it should be changed. 


Tainia (sect. Mischobulbum) sumatrana J. ]. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma longe repens, ramosum, fibris vaginarum mox fatiscentium 
tectum, radicibus paucis. Pseudobulbi c. 2.7—3.3 cm. dissiti, sicco petioli- 
formes, tenues, c. 7.5—8 cm. longi, 1folii. Folium sessile, cordatum, acute 
acuminatum, lobis basilaribus rotundatis, curvinervium, nervis 5 conspicuis 
numerosis tenuibus, subtus minute punctatum, c. 11 cm., cum lobis basila- 
ribus 11,75 cm. longum, 5.4—6.4 cm. latum. Inflorescentia erecta, laxe 
pauciflora, pedunculo c. 18 cm. longo, nonnullis vaginulis tubulosis punc- 
tatis ad c. 4 cm. longis donato, rachide c. 4.5 cm. longa. Bracteae lineari- 
triangulae, acutae, ad c. 1-——2 cm. longae, superiores minores. Flores c. 4, 
majusculi, ©. 3.2 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale porrectum, cum ovario angulum 
obtusum faciens, apice leviter obtusangule recurvum, lanceolatum, superne 
leviter contractum, acuminatum, acutum, apice canaliculatum, 5nervium, costa 
media et nervis 2 sequentibus ad basin dorso obtuse prominentibus, c. 2.1 cm. 
longum, 0.53 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, 
divergentia, oblique lineari-lanceolata, sensim acuminata, acutissima, basi antice 
triangulo-dilatata, apice canaliculata, 5nervia, nervis praesertim intermedio dorso 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 25 


prominentibus, c. 2.4 cm., longa, basi 1.15 cm. supra basin 0,5 cm, lata. 
Petala oblique porrecta, paulum in pedem gynostemii decurrentia, oblique 
ovata, acuminata, acuta, €. 5(—7)nervia, costa media intus sulcata dorso 
bene prominente, fere 2 cm. longa, 0.86 cm. lata. Labellum erectum, 
paulum infra medium valde recurvum, leviter 3lobum, concavum, costis 
3 aliformibus basi humilibus superne leviter undulatis, intermedia usque infra 
apicem producta, exterioribus brevioribus bene altioribus in lobo medio 
intermediam aequantibus, subtus costa longitudinali conspicue prominente 
apicem versus decrescente instructum, inexplanatum c. 1.85 cm. longum, 
explanatum ambitu late rhombeum, basi contractum truncatumque, 5nervium, 
nervis exterioribus bene ramosis, c. 2.4 cm. longum, 1.85 cm, latum; lobi 
laterales erecti, incurvuli, oblique rotundati, antice angulati ; lobus intermedius 
plica rotundata introrsa a lobis lateralibus sejunctus, marginibus incurvis 
concavus, OvVato-triangulus, breviter acuminatus, acutus, c. 0.65 cm. longus, 
0.8 cm. latus. Gynostemium rectum, dorso convexum, subtus concavum, 
absque anthera c. 0.93 cm. longum, clinandrio concavo, pariete postico pro- 
ducto rotundato repando, auriculis brevibus, rotundatis, denticulatis. Rostellum 
patentissimum, triangulum, convexum cum costula longitudinali obtusa. Pes 
gynostemii cum ovario et gynostemio angulos rectos faciens, rectus, late 
linearis, apice paulo dilatatus et labelli basi lata adnatus, concavus, c. 1.25 
cm, longus. Ovarium latiuscule 6sulcatum, subverruculosum, minute fur- 
furaceo-punctatum, c. 0.85 cm. longum; pedicellus tenuior, bene 0.7 cm, 
longus. 


Sumatra: Bataklanden, North Delok Sebajak, 1650 m., terrestrial in 
forest. (J. A. LÔRZING n. 7312, June 1920). 

Padangsche Bovenlanden, Goenoeng Malintang, 1500 m., terrestrial in 
forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 4043, July 1918). 


The nearest ally appears to be 7. cordifolia HOOK. F. from Formosa. 

»Leaves bright green with dark green parts especially along the nerves, 
With a peculiar bluish green shine, somewhat lighter green beneath. Flowers 
in general winered, yellow with purple dots at the base. Lip pale crimson 
outside, yellowish dotted bright crimson inside with a yellow band within 
the dark brown dotted margins, top of lip more wine red. Column pale 
yellow dotted bright crimson”. (LÜRZING). 

»Sepals green, streaked violet. Lip with violet dots and a yellow apex. 
Stem green tinged violet. Bracts green”. (BüNNEMEIJER). 

Description from LGRZING n. 7312, which consists of a dried specimen 
and a flower preserved in alcohol, 


Tainia (sect. Mitopetalum) tenera J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma repens, radicibus crassis pubescentibus. Pseudobulbi c. 23 
cm. dissiti, elongati, sicco tenues, c. 2.5—2.75 cm. longi. Folium erectum, 
petiolatum, lanceolatum, sensim acutatum, basi obtusum, nervis 3 conspicuis 


26 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LivR. 1. 





et pluribus tenuibus, sicco papyraceum, c. 6.75—8 cm. longum, 1.4—1.9 cm. 
latum; petiolus superne canaliculatus, c. 2—3.3 cm. longus. Inflorescentia 
membrum separatum sympodii, erecta, elongata, laxe pluriflora, pedunculo 
c. 29 cm. longo, vaginulis c. 3 longis tubulosis donato, vaginula ultima 
longissima ad c. 5 cm. longa, rachide 5.5 cm. superante. Bracteae patentes, 
lineari-triangulae, acutissimae, concavae, ad c. 1.3 cm. longae. Flores c. 9, 


sepalis petalisque conniventibus €. 1.2 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale cum 


ovario angulum obtusum faciens, incurvulum, lineare, subacutum, concavum, 
3nervium, nervis exterioribus brevibus, c. 1.25 cm. longum, 0.15 cm. latum. 
Sepala lateralia pedi gynostemii inserti, falcato-linearia, acuta, concava, nervis 
sepali dorsalis, c. 1.25 cm. longa, fere 0.2 cm. lata. Petala falcato-linearia, 
apice angustata, concava, nervis sepalorum, c. 1.25 cm. longa, fere 0.2 cm:- 
lata. Labellum gynostemio parallelum, recurvulum, 3lobum, concavum, subtus 
convexum, infra basin lobi intermedii leviter ventricosum, costis 3 simplicibus 
rectis, intermedia humiliore apicem labelli non attingente, exterioribus supra 
basin lobi intermedii evanescentibus, c. 1.1 cm. longum, explanatum ambitu 
oblongum, fere c. 2 cm., usque apicem loborum lateralium 0.85 cm. 
longum, 0.65 cm. latum; lobi laterales longe adnati, parte libera porrecti, 
verticales, trianguli, falcatuli, acuti; lobus intermedius porrectus, ovatus, 
obtusus, triangulo-apiculatus, basi breviter et leviter contractus, concavus, 


c. 0.48 cm. longus, 0.425 cm., basi 0.375 cm. latus. Gynostemium cum ovario | 


angulum obtusum faciens, gracile, arcuatum, leviter clavatum, subtus costulis 
2 parallelis convexis instructum et apicem versus concavum, c. 0.7 cm. longum, 
clinandrio alte excavato, margine repandulo. Anthera cucullata, ambitu 
rotundato-quadrangula, basi rotundato-bilobula, apice paulo dilatata, ob- 
tusissima, costula longitudinali prominula brevissime apiculata, costula brevi 
convexa utrinque in medio, c. 0.17 cm. lata. Pollinia 8, Rostellum distinctum, 
semiorbiculare. Stigma triangulum, basi dilatatum, margine inferiore elevato 
truncato emarginato. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum rectum, cum 
gynostemio angulum obtusum faciens, rectus, quadratus, truncatus, concavus, 
marginibus erectis apice rotundatis, c. 0.17 cm. longus. Ovarium teres, 
6sulcatum, c. 0.35 cm. longum; pedicellus tenuior, c. 0.4 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: Benkoelen, Rimbo Pengadang. (Exp. E. JACOBSON, AJOEB 
n. 198, June 1916). 


A small inconspicuous species in the shape of the flower resembling 
T. latifolia BTH. from India. 

The flowers are described as green red with a light yellow lip. 

Description from a small dried specimen without flowers and the upper 
portions of two inflorescences preserved in alcohol. 


Coelogyne malintangensis ]. J. S. n. sp. 
Rhizoma validum, elongatum, ramosum, cylindricum, sicco ad c. 0.5 cm. 
diam, initio vaginis imbricantibus basi tubulosis tectum, internodiis ad 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 27 


c. 1.6 cm. longis, radicibus crassis. Pseudobulbi c. 6—7 cm. dissiti, sicco 
subcylindrici, crassitudine rhizomatis, c. 3.457 cm. longi, diphylli, initio 
vaginis imbricantibus sursum accrescentibus ad c. 3.5 cm. longis tecti. 
Folia internodio c. 0.25 —0,4 cm. longo sejuncta, erecta, divergentia, elliptica 
ad lanceolato-elliptica, leviter acuminata, acuta, basi in petiolum angustata, 
undulata, nervis c,5—7 majoribus et pluribus tenuioribus sicco subtus prominen- 
tibus, c. 5.75—11,5 cm. longa, 2.1—-3.6 cm. lata ; petioli adpressi, canaliculati, 
C. 0.6—1.3 cm. longi. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbis novellis sed fere maturis, 
erecta, brevis, laxe c. 4—6flora, pedunculo nudo, apicem versus sensim 
leviter incrassato, c. 4.7—10 cm. longo, rachide flexuosa, c. 2—5.5 cm. longa, 
internodiis latere florem versus spectante applanatis c. 0.8—1 cm. longis. 
Bracteae caducae, initio apicem rachidis amplectentes, ovato-ellipticae, acutae, 
apiculatae, intus muricibus minimis adspersae, c. 9-—10nerviae, c. 2.7 cm. 
longae, 1.1 cm. latae vel majores. Flores mediocres, simultanee explanati. 
Sepalum dorsale incurvum, apice plus minusve recurvum, concavum, su- 
perne convexum cum canalicula, ambitu ovatum, e basi subovali sensim 
longe triangulo-acuminatum, acutum, basi vix contracta intus muricibus 
minimis parce inspersum, 5nervium, fere 2.6 cm. longum, 1 cm. latum. 
Sepala lateralia obtusangule canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, apice recurva, 
oblique ovato-lanceolata, sensim acutata, acuta, apiculata, basi leviter con- 
tracta, intus muricibus minimis parce inspersa, dorso carinata, 5nervia, 
c. 2.5 cm. longa, 0.7 cm. lata. Petala oblique sublinearia, apicem versus 
sensim angustata, acuta, intus convexa et muricibus minimis parce inspersa, 
dorso sulcata, 3nervia, c. 2.7 cm. longa, 0.26 cm. lata. Labellum sub- 
simplex, basi gynostemio parallelum, deinde recurvum, undatum, apice re- 
curvum, basi lateribus erectis rotundatis intus convexis extus concavis 
concavum, ceterum convexum cum fascia mediana elevata, apice recurvo 
canaliculatum, costis 3 simplicibus  convexis laevibus in flexu supra basin 
incrassatis fere usque apicem productis, glabrum, explanatum c.2.1 cm. longum, 
e hypochylio paulo contracto transverse subovali in lobum intermedium 
magnum Ovatum acute subulato-acuminatum 7nervium c. 1.4 cm. longum 
0.9 cm. latum productum. Gynostemium gracile, superne arcuatum et 
anguste alatum, trigonum, apice truncato subtrilobum, c. 0.9 cm. longum, 
clinandrio concavo, pede distincto, cum gynostemio et ovario angulum 
obtusum faciente, obtusangule incurvo, quadrangulo, concavo. Anthera non 
abscondita, cucullata, supra visa ambitu suborbicularis, apice truncata et 
recurvula, basi biloba, connectivo basi obtuse conico-gibboso, c. 0.175 cm. 
lata. Pollinia 4, oblique ovalia, extus convexa, intus plana vel leviter con- 
cava. Rostellum late rotundatum, convexum. Stigma margine inferiore ele- 
vatum, recurvum, rotundatum. Ovarium breve, obconicum, valde 6costatum, 
glabrum, c. 0.4 cm. longum; pedicellus teres, bene 1 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: West coast, Goenoeng Malintang, 1700-2200 m., in 
forest and brushwood. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 4050, 4216 and 


28 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE AL VOL VPEINE e1 





4220, July —August 1918). Bataklanden, Toba, 1400 m. (O0. HAGERUP n. 14, 
1916—”17). 


Though totally different in habit this much resembles C. vermicularis 
J. J. S. from Borneo in the characteristics of the flowers. 

The flowers of n. 4050 are described by the collector as yellowish 
oreen, those of nrs. 4216 and 4220 as flesh-coloured. 

In the specimens collected bij Mr. HAGERUP the sepals are not acu- 
minate. Perhaps they may be regarded as a variety. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


Coelogyne Buennemeyeri J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma breve, validum, ramosum, teres, vaginis coriaceis, radicibus 
crassis. Pseudobulbi approximati, ©. 1—2 cm. dissiti, oblongo-conici, 
c. 6—7.5 cm. longi, diphylli, initio vaginis imbricantibus sursum accrescentibus 
ovatis obtusis ad c. 6—9,5 cm. longis tecti. Folia erecta, divergentia, 
petiolata, lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, basi acuta, costa media sicco supra 
subtusque prominente, plerumque nervis 2 majoribus et pluribus minoribus in 
sicco prominulis utrinque, coriacea, supra nitida, subtus subopaca, c. 18 - 26 cm. 
longa, 2.6—4.5 cm. lata; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 3-—7 cm.longus. Inflorescentia 
proterantha, erecta, arcuata, laxe multiflora, pedunculo c. 5—8.5 cm. longo, 
rachide c. 20—36 cm. longa. Bracteae conspicuae, persistentes, ovario 
pedicellato breviores, ovato-orbiculares, rotundatae, valde concavae cum 
marginibus involutis, multinerviae, ad c. 1.75 cm. longae, superiores decre- 
scentes, 1—2 inferiores saepe steriles et rachidem amplectentes. Flores 
c. 20—25, mediocres. Sepalum dorsale ovato-oblongum, apicem versus 
angustatum, obtusum, obtusangule concavum cum lateribus convexis et 
marginibus recurvulis, basi concavum, dorso obtusangule convexum, 
5nervium, costa media dorso prominente, c. 2.45 cm. longum, fere 1 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia oblique subovato-oblonga, apicem versus angustata, 
anguste obtusa, apiculata, obtusangule canaliculata cum lateribus valde 
convexis et marginibus recurvulis, dorso carinata, 5nervia, c. 2.4 cm. longa, 
0.85 cm. lata. Petala oblique linearia, apice angustata, subacuta, convexa, 
3nervia, costa media dorso sulco costulis manginato instructa, c. 2.37 cm. 
longa, 0.3 cm. lata. Labellum leviter recurvum, 3lobum, valde concavum, 
carinis 2 simplicibus irregulariter crenatis supra basin in ?/, partibus supra 
basin lobi intermedii abrupte terminantibus, inter carinas obtusangule cana- 
liculatum, subtus manifeste carinatum, explanatum ambitu ovatum, c. 2.3 cm., 
usque apicem loborum lateralium c. 1.6 cm. longum, 1.73 cm. latum; 
lobi laterales semiovati, apice libero brevi oblique rotundato denticulato- 
crenulati, concavi; lobus intermedius porrectus, orbiculari-sexangulatus, 
apice subtruncatus, vix retusus, erosulus, concavus, c. 0.95 cm. longus, fere 
1.1 cm. latus. Gynostemium curvatum, basi anguste dimidio superiore late 
alatum et subtus concavum, ala apicali recürvula truncata dentata, c. 1.7 cm. 


mt ot ins né 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 29 





longum. Anthera sub ala abscondita, cucullata, suborbicularis, apice late 
rotundata recurvulaque, connectivo basi crasse obtuse conico-gibboso, 
c. 0.25 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, paulo inaequalia, a dorso compressa, oblique 
subobovato-ovalia, extus convexa, majora intus leviter concava. Rostellum 
magnum, late sexangulatum, obtusissimum. Stigma margine inferiore elevatum 
recurvum  obtusangulum. Ovarium obconicum, 6sulcatum, furfuraceum, 
c. 0.6 cm. longum; pedicellus superne parce furfuraceus, €, 1.4 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Goenoeng Talang, 2350 m., 
underbrush between cliffs. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5225, October 1918). 
Ut supra, 2950 m., on trees in forest. (H. À. B BüNNEMEIJER n. 5376, 
November 1918). Ut supra, 2500 m., underbrush between cliffs. (H. A.B. 
BüNNEMEIJER n, 5500, November 1918). 


This seems to be placed best in PFITZER'S group Glumaceae, though 
the sterile bracts at the base of the rachis are not always present. There 
are only two crenate keels. 

The flowers are said to be light rose-salmon-coloured, rarely with a 
greenish tint. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


Gynoglottis cymbidioides J. J. S. in Rec. trav. bot. néerl. 1 (1904), 
40,1 Il; PFITZ. et KRZL. in Pflanzenr. Heft 32 (1907), 131. — Coelogyne 
cymbidioides RCHB. F. in WALP. Ann. VI (1861), 239. — C. xyloboides KRZL. 
in ENGL. Bot. Jahrb. XVII (1893), 482. 

Pseudobulbi ad c. 9 cm. longi, vaginis ad basin ad c. 15 cm, longis. 
Folia ad c. 65 cm. longa, 4.7 cm. lata, petiolo c. 5 cm.longo. Pedunculus 
teres, dilute viridis, nitidus, ad c. 19 cm. longus; rachis angulata, dilutius 
viridis, nitida, ad c. 15 cm. longa. Flores patentissimi, valde odorati, se- 
palis petalisque albis. Labelli unguis sulphureus ; lobi laterales cinnamomeo- 
aurantiaci, margine angusto flavescenti-albi, undulati; lobus intermedius 
disco triangulo cinnamomeo-aurantiacus, superne sulphureus, lateribus albus, 
flavescenti-suffusus, apicem versus albus. Gynostemium album. Ovarium 
6sulcatum, dilute viride; pedicellus albus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Laras Talang, Boekit Gombak, 
1830 and 1900 m., in forest, common. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 5458 
and 5701, November 1918; cult. in Hort. Tjibodas). 


À 
_ Additional notes from abundant material collected by Mr. BäNNEMEIJER 
and from living specimens collected by the said gentleman and cultivated 
in the mountain garden Tjibodas. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Eudendrochilum) alboviride J.]J.S. n. sp. 
Rhizoma elongatum, ramosum, teres, dilute flavo-viride, 0.3—0.4 cm. 
diam., initio vaginis tubulosis tectum, internodiis c. 2.2 cm. et plus longis. 


30 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 








Pseudobulbi c. 3—7 cm. dissiti, cum rhizomate angulum acutum facientes, 

oblongo-fusiformes, nitide flavo-virides, c. 1.5—3 cm longi, 0.5—0.85 
cm. diam. Folium lanceolatum, acutum ad obtusum, apiculatum, basi an- 
custatum, costa media supra sulcata, tenuiter coriaceum, nitide dilute viride, 
subtus opacum, c. 9,5—11 cm. longum, 1.5—2.25 cm. latum. Inflore- 
scentiae heteranthae, multiflorae, nonnullis vaginulis imbricantibus obtusis 
prominenter nervosis pallide virescentibus ad basin, pedunculo c. 0.8—1.1 cm. 

longo, rachide quadrangula, pallide virescenti, parce papillosa, c. 6—9.5 cm. 
longa, internodiis c. 0.175—0.2 cm. longis. Bracteae brevissimae, adpressae, 
vix semiorbiculares, apiculatae, marginibus vix in rachidem  decur- 
rentes, concavae. Flores odorati, flavescenti-albi, c. 0,4 cm. lati. Sepalum 
dorsale erectum, superne incurvulum, -oblongum, obtusum, c. 0.34—0,37 
cm. longum, bene 0.1 cm. latum, Sepala lateralia divergentia, supra basin 
recurvula, oblique oblonga, subfalcatula, obtusiuscula, minute apiculata, 
convexa, €. 0.275—0.325 cm. longa, 0.1—-0.12 cm. lata. Petala basi paral- 
lela gynostemio erecta, incurva, divergentia, spathulata, falcata, ima basi 
vix dilatata, c. 0.26—0,3 cm. longa, superne 0.075 cm. lata. Labellum 
recurvum, panduratum, obtusum, basi truncatum, basi marginibus valde 
recurvis subtus concavum, ceterum subtus convexum, costis 2 satis altis 
obtusis infra apicem evanescentibus canalicula obtusangula separatis, costula 
tertia humili brevi in canalicula, */; partibus inferioribus papillosum et pal- 
lide viride, parte antica flavescens, c. 0.17 cm. longum, fere 0.1 cm. latum, 
infra apicem haud vel vix angustius. Gynostemium supra basin obtusangule 
incurvum, dorso convexum, pallide viride, alis apicem versus albidum, c. 
0.14—0.16 cm. longum, alis lateralibus fere e medio totius gynostemii, 
porrectis, falcato-linearibus, ala apicali brevioribus, ala apicali obtusangule 
incurva, undata, oblongo-triangula, acutiuscula, basi utrinque dente obtuso 
instructa, concava, pede brevi, truncato. Anthera cucullata, transverse 
subovalis, apice truncata, basi bilobula, dilute viridis, margine albida, c. 
0.03 cm. lata, connectivo vix gibboso. Pollinia 4, breviter obovoidea, flava. 
Rostellum triangulum. Stigma suborbiculare. Ovarium dilute viride, cum 
pedicello aequicrasso albido c, 0.27 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: Palembang, Goenoeng Dempoe. (Exp. E. JACOBSON, AJOEB 
n. 543, September 1916; also liv. pl. cult. in Hort, Bog. sub n. 59). 


Differing from D. panduratum SCHLTR. in the broader leaves, semior- 
bicular apiculate bracts and the lip not broadened towards the apex, and 
from D. album RiDL. in the sessile leaves and the much longer spikes. 

Description from a cultivated plant and from portions of the plant 
preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Eudendrochilum) korintjiense J. J. S. n. sp. 
Rhizoma elongatum, verisimiliter patens, valde ramosum, teres, radicans, 
internodiis ad c. 1.7 cm. longis superioribus decrescentibus, vaginis punctatis 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 31 


ad c. 1.7 cm. longis parte superiore mox fatiscentibus. Pseudobulbi ad 
c. 6 cm. distantes, cum rhizomate angulum acutum facientes, sicco  raris- 
sime laeves et oblongo-ovales, plerumque rugosi, sicco nitide flavi, ad 
c. 2 cm. longi. Folium anguste lanceolatum, acutiusculum, subpungens 
(sicco), basi sensim subpetiolato-angustatum, nervis majoribus c. 5 pluribusque 
tenuibus sicco supra subtusque prominentibus, rigidulum, tenuiter coriaceum, 
supra nitidulum, subtus opacum, c. 3.75—7 cm. longum, 0.5— 0.9 cm. latum. 
Inflorescentiae in pseudobulbis rudimentariis e rhizomate infra inno- 
vationes, solitariae, basi pluribus vaginis alternatim bifariis imbricantibus 
adpressis acutis superioribus accrescentibus tectae, multiflorae, c. 10-—13.5 
cm. longae, rachide recta, compresso-quadrangula, lateribus angustis cana- 
liculata, minute muriculato-puberula, €. 8—11.5 cm. longa, internodiis 
c. 0,2 cm. longis. Bracteae adpressae, late quinquangulares, obtusangulae, 
concavae, ovario pedicellato breviores, c. 0.14 cm. longae, 0.18 cm. latae. 
Flores parvi, patentissimi, Sepalum dorsale canaliculato-concavum cum 
lateribus leviter convexis, incurvulum, apice vix recurvulum, anguste 
oblongum, supra basin leviter dilatatam leviter constrictum, 2]; partibus 
superioribus leviter contractum cum marginibus parallelis, breviter acutatum, 
3nervium, c. 0.38 cm. longum, 0.12 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia patentissima, 
obtusangule canaliculata cum lateribus praesertim inferne convexis, anguste 
oblique oblonga, brevissime oblique subacuta, 3nervia, costa media dorso 
prominente, c. 0.375 cm. longa, 0.13 cm. lata. Petala basi gynostemio 
parallela, deinde recurva, leviter obtusangule canaliculata cum lateribus 
leviter convexis, e basi vix dilatata falcata oblique lanceolato-spathulata, 
acuta, Inervia, c. 0.35 cm. longa, 0.08 cm., basi 0.05 cm. lata. Labellum 
elastice affixum, parvum, supra basin et apice recurvum, oblongum, 
econstrictum, explanatum superne leviter contractum, obtusum, superne 
canaliculato-concavum subtusque convexum, basi subtus concavum, costis 
. 2 parallelis longitudinalibus crassis antice sensim decrescentibus ultra medium 
evanescentibus, 3nervium, explanatum c. 0.2 cm. longum, fere 0.1 em. 
latum. Gynostemium curvulum, dorso convexum, c. 0.175 cm. longum, alis 
lateralibus supra basin ortis, porrectis, oblique lineari-subulatis, alam apicalem 
concavam apice recurvulam triangulam apice breviter bidentatam aequan- 
tibus vel vix superantibus, pede abbreviato. Anthera abscondita, cucullata, 
leviter a dorso compressa, apice obtusangula, connectivo abrupte gibboso, 
c. 0.04 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, breviter oblique obovata, Rostellum patentis- 
simum, triangulum, acutum, leviter convexum. Stigma subquadrangulum, 
margine inferiore elevato et plus minusve tridenticulato. Ovarium 6sulcatum, 
c. 0.08 cm. longum; pedicellus 0.2 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintji Peak, 1800 m., in forest. (Er. A5: 
BüNNEMEIJER No. 9697, April 1920). 


In the narrow leaves this new species resembles more or less D, pandu- 


32 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LivR. 1. 





ratum SCHLTR., D. Gravenhorstit J. J.S., D. faeniophyllum J. J. S. and 
D. angustifolium RIDL. 

From D. panduratum SCHLTR. ït differs by the longer pedicels conspi- 
cuously surpassing the bracts, the lip not being constricted in the middle, 
the stelidia at least equalling the clinandrium; from D. Gravenhorstii J. JS. 
in the more acute leaves, the form of the petals, a very different lip, blunt . 
anther; from D, faeniophyllum J. J. S., which is a smaller plant, by the 
broader leaves, differently coloured flowers, the form of sepals, petals and 
lip and the much longer pedicel; from D. angustifolium RIDL. by the solitary 
scapes, the lip not being narrow lanceolate, the shortly bidentate top wing 
of the column and the stelidia arising from above the base of it. 

The pseudobulbs are described as orange red, the flowers as light green. 
In the herbarium the pseudobulbs are distinctly yellow. The branches 
collected have a length of about 35 cm. 

Description from herbarium and part of an inflorescence preserved in 
alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Eudendrochilum) complectens ]. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma validum, valde dichotome ramosum, verisimiliter basi tantum 
radicans, teres, sicco flavo-brunneum et bene 0.4 cm. diam., pars adest c. 50 cm. 
longa, internodiis ad c. 2.4 cm. longis. Pseudobulbi ad c. 9 cm. distantes, 
superiores magis approximati, rhizoma continui, cum rhizomate angulum 
acutum facientes, basi excavata rhizoma semiamplectentes, sicco ad c. 4.7 
cm. longi. Folium petiolatum, lanceolatum, apice sicco canaliculato-acutum, 
basi acuta abrupte in petiolum contractum, nervis 7 majoribus sicco supra 
subtusque et pluribus tenuibus praesertim supra prominentibus, coriaceum, 
ad c, 9.5 cm. longum, 2.85 cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, ad 1 cm. 
longus. Inflorescentiae e nodis rhizomatis, solitariae, laxe multiflorae, pedun- 
culo vaginulis pluribus imbricantibus acutis atrofusce punctatis tecto, rachide 
subrecta, quadrangula, haud vel vix compressa, faciebus 2 vix sulcata, den- 
sius muriculato-pubescenti, €, 8—10 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.3 cm. longis. 
Bracteae adpressae, pedicello breviores, concavae, ambitu bene semiorbi- 
culares, abrupte acute acuminatae, marginibus breviter in rachidem decurrentes, 
dorso sparse muriculato-pilosae, c. 0.25 cm. longae, 0.275 cm. latae. Flores 
patentissimi, €. 0.85 cm. lati, sepalis petalisque intus extusque parcissime 
muriculato-puberulis. Sepalum dorsale medio incurvum, apice recurvulum, 
canaliculatum cum lateribus convexis, oblongum, apice brevissime acute 
acuminatum, basi leviter contractum, 3nervium, c. 0.53 cm. longum, 0.175 
cm. latum. Sepala lateralia subdivaricata, vix incurvula, obtusangule cana- 
liculata cum lateribus convexis, oblique ovato-oblonga, acuta, apiculata, 
3nervia, fere 0,5 cm. longa, 0.2 cm. lata. Petala basi gynostemio adpressa 
undata, apice recurva, canaliculata cum lateribus leviter convexis, oblique 
lanceolata, acuta, basi falcatula unguiculato-contracta ima basi paulo dilatata, 
3nervia, c. 0.45 cm. longa, 0.14 cm. lata. Labellum parvum, elastice-affixum, 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 33 





basi gynostemio adpressum, supra medium valde abrupte contractum, 3ner- 
vium, totum 0.24 cm. longum, hypochylio carnoso, ambitu transverse qua- 
drangulo, margine tenui et minutissime erosulo-papilloso, basi truncato, 
costis 2 remotis conspicuis basi altis antice decrescentibus et evanescentibus 
sectione transversa triangulis donato, subtus basi concavo deinde convexo- 
incrassato cum sulco longitudinali inconspicuo, €. 0.14 cm. longo, 0.15 cm. 
lato, epichylio angusto, oblongo, apice recurvulo obtuso, tenui, Inervio, 
c. 0.1 cm. longo, 0.06 cm. lato. Gynostemium curvatum, c. 0.26 cm. longum, 
ala apicali triangulo, concavo, apice recurvulo minute 2dentato, alis latera- 
libus paulum infra medium ortis, porrectis, cum gynostemio angulum acutum 
facientibus, oblique lineari-subulatis, ala apicali brevioribus, pede distincto, 
brevi, truncato. Anthera abscondita, cucullata, transverse ovali-reniformis, 
obtusissima, connectivo gibboso, c. 0.07 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, brevia, obo- 
vata. Rostellum triangulum, acutum, recurvulum. Stigma margine inferiore 
elevatum recurvumque. Ovarium Gsulcatum, vix 0.1 cm. longum, cum 
pedicello 0.275 cm. longo sigmoideum. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintji Peak, 1400 m., epiphytical in forest. 
(H. A.B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 8642, March 1920). 


A very distinct species with the lip from a broad base abruptly con- 
tracted into a narrow oblong epichyl. 

Only the upper part of a stem has been collected. The flowers are 
said to be light green. 

Description from herbarium and an inflorescence preserved in 
alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Monochlamys) acuminatum J.]J.S. in Rec. trav. 
bot. néerl. 1. 

var. laxum J. J. S. n. var. 

Rhizoma elongatum, ramosum, teres, etiam superne radicans, vaginis 
tubulosis dense nervosis leviter punctatis inferioribus obtusis et internodiis 
brevioribus superioribus accrescentibus acutis ad c. 2.8 cm. longis tectum, 
internodiis ad c. 2.2 cm. longis. Pseudobulbi c. 4—6.5 cm. dissiti, rhizoma 
continui, cum ramis angulum acutum facientes, sicco teretes, tenues, €. 1.2—2 
cm. longi. Folium subovato-lanceolatum, longe infra apicem contractum et 
sensim angustatum, obtusum, breviter apiculatum, basi satis abrupte in peti- 
olum angustatum, nervis c. 7 majoribus subtus prominentibus, sicco rigi- 
diuscule papyraceum, ad c. 8.5 cm. longum, 1.8 cm. latum; petiolus cana- 
liculatus, c. 0.6 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo immaturo, folio 
fere evoluto synantha, elongata, nutans, laxe multiflora, pedunculo filiformi, 
c. 4.25—5.5 cm. longo, rachide lateraliter compresso-quadrangula, lateribus 
angustis canaliculata, c, 17—22 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.275 —0.3 cm. 
longis. Bracteae pedicellum  amplectentes, late semiorbiculari-triangulae, 
obtusissimae, interdum brevissime apiculatae, basi breviter contractae, 


} 


34 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





c. 0.225 cm, longae, 0.275 cm. latae, infima adpressa, sterilis. Flores patentissimi. 
Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, acutum, Inervium, c. 0.47 cm. longum, 0.125 
cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique lanceolata, apicem versus angustata et 
canaliculata, acuta, Inervia, dorso carinata, c. 0.43 cm. longa, 0.125 cm. lata, 
Petala oblique lanceolata, sensim acuminata, acuta, 1- sub2nervia, concava, 
c. 0.4 cm. longa, 0.125 cm. lata. Labellum porrectum, rectum vel curvulum, 
concavum, 3nervium, basi lata medio tantum affixum, callis 2 brevibus 
longitudinalibus parallelis lateraliter compressis quadrangulis in hypochylio, 
explanatum ambitu quinquangulari-rhombeum, c. 0.3 cm. longum, hypo- 
chylio plus minusve contracto, transverse subquadrangulo, c. 0.075 cm. 
longo, 0.14 cm. lato, lobo intermedio ovato-quinquangulari, acute acuminato, 
superne apice excepto papilloso, c. 0.225 cm. longo, 0.17 cm. lato. Gynoste- 
mium breve, dorso convexum, c. 0.1 cm. longum, alis lateralibus e parte 
inferiore, porrectis, falcatulis, oblique linearibus, acutis, alam apicalem ambitu 
transverse quadrangulam apice tridentatam (an semper?) bene superan- 
tibus. Anthera cueullata, transversa, subsemiorbicularis, apice late rotundata 
et leviter emarginata, c. 0.03 cm. lata, connectivo longitudinali, convexo- 
incrassato, thecis convexis, lobulis basilaribus majusculis. Pollinia 4, 
pyriformia. Rostellum semiellipticum, apice canaliculato recurvum. Stigma 
suborbiculare, margine elevatum. Ovarium obconicum, fere 0.1 cm. longum ; 
pedicellus tenuior, 0.1 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Laras Talang, Boekit Niroe, 
1600 m., epiphytical in forest. (H. A. B. BGNNEMEIJER No. 5579, November 
1918). 


At first sight this differs from the type in the longer and laxer inflore- 
scences and larger flowers. It is, however, to be noted, that D. acumi- 
natum Was described from a cultivated plant, which did not grow very 
well in Buitenzorg. 

The bracts of the two plants are very different; in D. acuminatum 
they are manifestly acuminate, in the variety not at all. 

Only the upper parts of the branches were collected. 

The flowers are said to be light green. 

Description from herbarium material. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Monochlamys) longicaule J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma elongatum, dependens, valde ramosum, basi tantum radices 
crassas emittens, €. 1.15 m. longum, internodiis c. 4.5—1.5 cm. longis, 
vaginis diu persistentibus, dense nervosis, epunctatis. Pseudobulbi ad c. 12 
cm. distantes, rhizoma continui, sicco tenues, teretes, inferne semiteretes 
et facie rhizoma versus spectante canaliculati, rhizomatis crassitudinem vix 
aequantes, €. 3.4—2.7 cm. longi. Folium petiolatum, lanceolatum, apice 
longitudine c. 0.75—2 cm. plus minusve contractum, acutum, basi acutum, 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X, 35 





nervis 7 majoribus pluribusque tenuibus sicco supra subtusque prominen- 
tibus, papycaceum, c. 15—7.5 cm. longum, 2.3—0.85 cm. latum; petiolus 
tenuis, canaliculatus, €, 2—1.3 cm. longus. Inflorescentiae ex innovationibus, 
multiflorae, pedunculo filiformi, c, 5—2.5 cm. longo, rachide leviter flexu- 
osa, compresso-quadrangula, lateribus angustis sulcata, parce vel parcis- 
sime muriculato-puberula, c. 8.5—5 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.3 cm. longis. 
Bracteae pedicellum amplectentes, late subseptemangulato-ovatae, irregula- 
riter marginatae, epunctatae, c. 0.37 cm. longae, 0.34 cm. latae, Flores ad 
c. 26, in rachidis lateribus latis siti, patentes, bene 0.7 cm. lati. Sepalum dorsale 
leviter sigmoideum, apice recurvulum, subelliptico-oblongum, breviter trian- 
eulo-acutum, 3nervium, c. 0.5 cm. longum, 0.18 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia 
oblique subelliptico-oblonga, acuta, medio secundum costam mediam cana- 
liculata cum lateribus convexis, 3nervia, costa media dorso prominente, 
c. 0.5 cm. longa, 0.18 cm, lata. Petala e basi contracta angulato-elliptico- 
oblonga, acuta, erosula, canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, 3nervia, c. 0.44 
cm. longa, 0,2 cm, lata. Labellum parallelum gynostemio porrectum, vix 
3lobum, 3nervium, costis 2 longitudinalibus parallelis brevibus basi supra 
basin labelli costula transversa medio retusa connexis in basi lobi intermedii 
evanescentibus, c. 0.4 cm. longum; lobi laterales abbreviati, antice in dentem 
minimum triangulum producti, suberosuli, leviter convexi, hypochylium 
transverse quadrangulum basi obtusangulum subtus sulcis 2 longitudinalibus 
convexo-tricostatum €. 0.12 cm, longum 0.15 cm. latum formantes; lobus 
intermedius porrectus, hypochylio multo latior, late ovatus, vix acuminatus, 
acutus ad obtusus, subrepandulus, c. 0.275 cm. longus, 0.33 cm. latus. 
Gynostemium parvum, subrectum, €. 0.14 cm. longum, alis lateralibus e 
medio gynostemii, lineari-subulatis, sigmoideis, alam apicalem gynostemium 
continuam conçcavam transverse quadrangulam 3—2dentatam aequantibus vel 
paululum superantibus, pede 0. Authera cucullata, late ovato-triangula, apice 
recurva, connectivo valde gibboso, basi 2lobula, c. 0.05 cm. lata. Rostellum 
incurvum, canaliculatum, triangulum, acutum. Stigma conspicuum, suborbi- 
culare, margine elevatum. Ovarium 6sulcatum, cum pedicello aequilongo 
vix tenuiore c. 0.2 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintjii Peak, 22002400 m., epiphytical in 
forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 1025, 10117 and 10445, May 1920). 


In habit this resembles D. acuminatum J.].S. but the inflorescences are 
much shorter and laxer with fewer and larger flowers, the sepals and 
petals broader, the hypochyl much narrower than the midlobe with far 
less conspicuous ridges and the midlobe very shortly acuminate. 

The flowers are said to be light green with the lip a litthe darker green 
in the centre, The flowers preserved in alcohol have the hypochyl bordered 
brown. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


36 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





Dendrochilum (sect. Monochlamys) adpressibulbum J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma dependens, elongatum, valde ramosum, teres, sicco ochrascens, 
80 cm. superans, initio vaginis tubulosis dense prominenter nervosis tectum, 
ramis erecto-patentibus, internodiis ad c. 3.5 cm. longis, superioribus de- 
crescentibus, radicibus crassis. Pseudobulbi ad c. 8.5 cm. dissiti, superiores 
densiores, breves, rhizoma continui et eo adpressi, subsemiteretes, facie rhi- 
zomati adpressa plani vel leviter concavi, apice reniformes, validiores c. 1.1 
cm, longi, in ramulis minus validi, tenuiores sed longiores, ad c. 1.75 cm. 
longi. Folium petiolatum, ovato- vel subovato-oblongum, sensim longe 
acuminatum, anguste obtusum ad acutiusculum, plus minusve apiculatum, 
basi rotundatum obtusum ad acutiusculum, nervis majoribus c. 7 sicco 
subtus tenuiter prominentibus, coriaceo-papyraceum, ad c. 10—11 cm. 
longum, 3.6—38 cm. latum, superiora minora; petiolus canaliculatus, ad 
c. 1.3— 1.5 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo immaturo folio fere 
evoluto synantha, nutans, laxe multiflora, pedunculo filiformi, c. 3.5—4.5 
cm. longo, rachide leviter flexuosa, a latere compresso-quadrangula, late- 
ribus angustis canaliculata, ©. 10—11 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.3 cm. 
longis. Bracteae patentissimae, marginibus involutae, triangulae, subquin- 
quangulares, acutae, trinerviae, c. 0.425 cm. longae, 0.35 cm. latae, infima 
adpressa, sterilis. Flores patentissimi, valde aperti, c. 0.73 cm. lati. Sepalum 
dorsale lanceolatum, breviter acute -acuminatum, apice canaliculatum, 
3nervium, fere 0,5 cm. longum, 0.15 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia divergentia, 
oblique lanceolata, apicem versus angustata, acuta, subfalcatula, angulato- 
canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, 3nervia, fere 0.5 cm. longa, 0.16 cm. 
lata. Petala patentissima, oblique oblongo-rhombea, acuta, vix falcatula, 
erosula, 3nervia, c. 0.425 cm. longa, 0.175 cm. lata. Labellum apice recurvum, 
3lobum, 3nervium, totum c. 0.33 cm. longum, appendice transversa sub- 
quadrangula utrinquë in lamellam erectam longitudinalem brevem oblique 
semiovalem rotundatam lateraliter compressam producta postice concavo- 
bilobulata supra basin in hypochylio, lamellis intus ad basin incrassatione 
connatis; lobi laterales basilares, adscendentes, oblique trianguli, basi trun- 
cati, antice non in dentem product, minute denticulati, convexi, subtus 
concavi, hypochylium transversum aequilateraliter trapeziforme c. 0.1 cm. 
longum basi 0.18 cm. apice 0.14 cm. latum formantes; lobus intermedius 
quinquangulari-rhombeus, breviter triangulo-acuminatus, acutus, superne 
canaliculatus cum lateribus convexis, subpapillato-repandulus, fascia leviter 
convexa longitudinali ad basin, c. 0.23 cm. longus, infra medium bene 
0.2 cm. latus. Gynostemium brevissimum, dorso angulato-convexum, c. 0.13 
cm. longum, alis lateralibus porrectis, oblique sublanceolatis, falcatulis, 
acutiusculis, alam apicalem transverse subquadrangulam apice irregulariter 
3dentatam paulo superantibus. Anthera abscondita, parva, cucullata, basi 
bilobula, c. 0.05 cm. lata, connectivo gibboso. Rostellum erecto-patens, 
triangulum, apice recurvum, concavum cum lateribus convexis. Stigma 
semilunatum, cum rostello angulato suborbiculare, margine inferiore bene 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 37 





elevatum. Ovarium 6sulcatum, €. 0.1 cm. longum; pediceilus 0.13 cm, 
longus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Goenoeng Talang, 1800 m., in 
forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5233, October 1918). As quoted, 2500 
m., in underbrush. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5502, November 1918; 


Near D. incurvibrachium J. J.S. but with shorter semiterete pseudobulbs 
which are pressed against the rhizome, shorter and laxer inflorescences, 
triangular acute bracts, larger flowers, a broader and different hypochyl. 

Another very near ally is D. elegans SCHLTR. from Boekit Djarat, 
Sumatra, which, as the authentic specimen in Buitenzorg shows, has also 
ovate leaves, but a shorter peduncle, different lip much broader over the 
hypochyl than over the narrow oblong midlobe, and long narrow linear 
side wings of the column, much surpassing the terminal wing. 

“Flowers light green, lip brown and light green.” (BüNNEMEIJER). 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Monochlamys) ramosissimum ]./].S. nom, nov. — 
Platyclinis ramosissimus RiDL. in Journ. Fed. Mal. St. Mus. VIII (1917), 89. 

Rhizoma elongatum, dependens, ramosum, teres, basi radicans, c 50 cm. 
longum, internodiis ad c. 2.7 cm. longis, superioribus brevioribus, vaginis 
tenuiter nervosis, sparse fusce punctatis, ad c., 3 cm. longis. Pseudobulbi 
ad c. 45 cm. distantes, rhizoma continui, adpressi ad erecto-patentes, 
tenues, sicco crassitudinem rhizomatis fere aequantes, facie rhizoma versus 
spectante canaliculati, ad c. 1.75—3.5 cm. longi. Folium anguste lanceolatum, 
€. 2.5—3.5 cm. infra apicem contractum, acutum, basi acutum, nervis c. 5-—7 
majoribus pluribusque tenuibus sicco subtus prominentibus, papyraceum, 
c. 7—13,5 cm. longum, 1 —2 cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 0.6—1.25 cm. 
longus. Inflorescentia e pseudobulbo novello immaturo folio novello ple- 
rumque subevoluto synantha, laxe multiflora, pedunculo tenuissime filiformi, 
©. 4-55 cm. longo, rachide compresso-quadrangula, lateribus angustis 
canaliculata, c. 6.75—13 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.4—0,45 cm. longis. 
_Bracteae pedicellum amplectentes et superantes, convolutae, late ovatae, 
acuminatae, acutae, apiculatae, basi breviter et late contractae, dorso parce 
punctatae, nervis 3 longis 4 brevibus, c. 0.4 cm. longae, 0.27 cm. latae. 
Flores c. 1 cm. longi, 0.7 cm. lati vel paulo majores. Sepalum dorsale 
erectum, leviter canaliculato-concavum cum lateribus leviter convexis, 
subovato-lanceolatum, acutum, 3nervium, c. 0.575 cm. longum, 0.15 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia decurva, subparallela, canaliculata cum lateribus 
leviter convexis, oblique ovato-lanceolata, sensim acuminata, acuta, breviter 
apiculata, 3nervia, costa media dorso prominente, c. 0.525 cm. longa, 
0.16 cm. lata. Petala divaricata, incurvula, leviter obtusangule canliculata 
cum lateribus leviter convexis, oblique subrhombeo-lanceolata, acutissima, 
superne vix erosula, 3nervia, bene 0.5 cm. longa, 0.15 cm. lata. Labellum 





38 _BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 


supra basin recurvum, laxe undatum, 3 lobum, 3nervium, lamellis 2 remotis 
longitudinalibus parallelis erectis brevibus altis bene semiorbicularibus in basin 
lobi intermedii breviter decurrentibus supra basin labelli costula transversa 
humiliore connexis, expansum c. 0.4 cm. longum; lobi laterales basilares, 
patentissimi, breves, oblique semiorbiculares, apice vix dentiformi-preducti, 
parce denticulati, convexi, hypochylium transverse oblongo-ovale fere 0,1 cm. 
longum 0.2 cm. latum formantes; lobus intermedius marginibus lateralibus 
incurvulis concavus, rhombeo-quinquangularis, acute acuminatus, superne 
irregulariter marginatus, medio hypochylio vix angustior, c. 0.3 cm. longus, 
basi 0.125 cm., medio fere 0.2 cm. latus. Gynostemium minutum, curvulum, 
dorso obtusangule convexum, supra visum ambitu oblongum, superne leviter 
dilatatum, c. 0.13 cm. longum, alis lateralibus subnullis, in utraque antherae 
parte lobulum parvum rotundatum formantibus, ala apicali transverse qua- 
drangula, apice 2—3dentata, concava,  pede 0. Anthera parva, cucullata, 
truncato-ovata, apice recurvula, connectivo valde oblique conico-gibboso, 
c. 0,05 cm. lata. Rostellum patentissimum, semiorbiculare, apiculatum, subtus 
convexum. Stigma subquadratum, margine elevatum. Ovarium obtuse trigonum, 
Gsulcatum, c. 0.07 cm. longum; pedicellus fere aequicrassus, bene 0.1 cm. 
longus. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintji Peak, 2400-—2750 m. (H. A. B. BüNNE- 
MEIJER nrs. 0774, 9846 and 09033, April—May 1920). 


J have little doubt that Patyclinis ramosissimus (a) RIDL. is intended 
for this plant, only RIDLEY says that the scape is produced when the leaf 
is quite young and undeveloped, whereas in my plants the leaf in the 
majority of the flowering sprouts is nearly full-grown. The stigma I find 
not being larger than in the allied species and the apex of the clinandrium 
is 2—3dentate. 

The flowers have been described by the collector as light green (n. 9774), 
light green with a darker green lip (n. 9933) and light green with 
a brownish green blotch on the lip (n. 9846). In the flowers preserved in 
alcohol the side lobes of the lip have brown margins, the midlobe shows 
2 brown blotches and the transversal ridge connecting the basal lamellae 
is also brown. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol, 


Dendrochilum (sect. Monochlamys) decipiens J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma elongatum, ramosum, teres, basi tantum radicans, pars adest 
50 cm. longa, internodiis ad c. 3.5 cm. longis, vaginis acutis, sicco dense 
prominule nervosis, epunctatis, opacis, ad c. 4.5 cm. longis. Pseudobulbi 
ad c. 12.5 distantes, rhizoma continui, cum rhizomate angulum anguste 
acutum facientes, semiteretes (sicco), facie rhizoma versus spectante applanati, 
inferne concavi, crassitudine rhizomatis, ad c. 2.9 cm. longi. Folium majus- 
culum, petiolatum, elliptico-lanceolatum, in c. 1.6—3.5 cm. infra. apicem 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 39 





contracto-acuminatum, acutum vel obtusiusculum, basi acutum, nervis €. 7 
majoribus pluribusque tenuibus sicco supra subtusque prominulis, firmiter 
papyraceum, subsemipellucidum, opacum, c. 8.5—14 cm. longum, 2—3.5 
cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 0.9—1.1 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in 
pseudobulbo immaturo folio haud vel vix evoluto synantha, laxe multiflora, 
pedunculo filiformi, c. 5 cm. longo, rachide arcuato-recurva, flexuosa, com- 
presso-quadrangula, glabriuscula, lateribus angustis canaliculata, c. 10 cm. 
longa, internodiis c. 0.35 cm. longis. Bracteae convolutae, pedicellum am- 
plectentes, late ovatae, breviter acutae, basi brevissime contractae, nervis 5 
majoribus et nonnullis minoribus dorso prominentibus, bene 0.4 cm. longae, 
0.34 cm. latae, Flores mediocres, patentes. Sepalum dorsale obtusangule 
canaliculatum, lateribus leviter convexis, lanceolatum, sensim longiuscule 
acuminatum, acutum, S3nervium, c. 0.65 cm. longum, 0.175 cm. latum. 
Sepala lateralia obtusangule concava, lateribus leviter convexis, apice recurvula, 
oblique lanceolata, sensim longe acutata, acuta, 3nervia, ecarinata, c. 0.65 cm. 
longa, 0.175 cm. lata. Petala suboblique elliptico-lanceolata, leviter acuminata, 
acuta, obtusaugule concava, 3nervia, basi excepta minute erosula, bene 0.6 cm. 
longa, fere 0.2 cm. lata. Labellum gynostemio parallelum porrectum, 3lobum, 
3nervium, lamellis 2 longitudinalibus parallelis erectis rotundatis duplo 
longioribus quam altis hypochylio aequilongis basi supra basin labelli costa 
transversa antice minute bicallosa connexis in hypochylio, c. 0.44 cm. longum ; 
lobi laterales patentissimi, breves, lati, antice in dentes 1—2 minimos irre- 
oulares abientes, erosuli, hypochylium conspicuum lobo intermedio fere 
aequilatum transverse quadrangulum basi utrinque rotundatum subtus sulcis 
2 longitudinalibus convexo-tricostatum c. 0.16 cm. longum bene 0.2 cm. 
latum formantes; lobus intermedius porrectus, lateribus incurvulis concavus, 
apice recurvulus, ovatus, acute acuminatus, basi breviter et late angustatus, 
erosulus, c. 0.28 cm. longus, 0.25 cm. latus. Gynostemium minutum, subrectum, 
dorso obtusangule convexum, oblongum, totum c. 0.13 cm. longum, alis 
lateralibus supra medium ortis, incurvulis et sub ala apicali decussatis, 
lineari-filiformibus, alam apicalem porrectam subtus vix concavam 2dentatam 
bene superanibus, pede subnullo. Anthera cucullata, a dorso compressa, 
antice visa ovata, apice obtusa recurvulaque, connectivo sensim alte rotun- 
dato-conico-incrassato, c. 0.04 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, pyriformia. Rostellum 
majusculum, cum clinandrio angulum acutum faciens, subsemiorbiculare, 
canaliculato-concavum, apiculo recurvulo. Stigma semilunatum, cum rostello 
suborbiculare, margine elevatum. Ovarium breve, rotundato-subtrigonum, 
6sulcatum, fere 0.1 cm. longum, cum pedicello subaequicrasso c. 0.16 
cm. longo angulum obtusum faciens. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintji Peak, 1800 m., in forest. (H. A. B. 
BüNNEMEIJER n. 0704, April 1920). 


In habit this plant resembles closely D. laftilobum J. J. S., only the 
sheaths are punctate. The flowers, however, are much larger, the sepals 


40 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





and petals very acute, the lip longer with a large hypochyl almost as broad 
as the midlobe and longer lower lamellae, the column less bent and with 
nearly linear stelidia surpassing the bidentate clinandrium and a very dif- 
ferent anther. 
The flowers are said to be light brown with a dark brown lip. 
Description from a single dried specimen with one inflorescence, the 
upper part of which was preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Monochlamys) latilobum J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma elongatum, ramosum, validiusculum, teres, basi tantum radi- 
cans, pars adest 25 cm. longa (planta vel caulis juvenilis ?), internodiis ad 
c. 2 cm. longis, vaginis adpressis acutis sicco prominenter nervosis atro- 
punctatis ad c. 4.5 cm. longis, radicibus tenuiusculis. Pseudobulbi ad. c. 6.5. 
cm. distantes, rhizoma continui, subadpressi vel cum rhizomate angulum 
acutum facientes, sicco teretes et rhizomate aequicrassi, facie rhizoma 
versus spectante non canaliculati, ad bene 4 cm. longi. Folium elliptico- 
oblongum ad lanceolatum, apice longitudine 0.7—2.75 cm. semel vel bis 
contractum, angustatum, anguste obtusum, apiculatum, basi acutum, nervis 
majoribus c.9 pluribusque tenuibus sicco supra subtusque prominentibus, 
coriaceum, supra nitidulum, subtus opacum, c. 6.7—11 cm. longum, 2.35—3 
cm. latum; petiolus distinctus, canaliculatus, €. 0.7—1.1 cm. longus, Inflore- 
scentia e pseudobulbo immaturo, folio evoluto synantha, dense multiflora, 
pedunculo filiformi, €. 5.5—7 cm. longo, rachide nutante, validiuscula, 
leviter flexuosa, compresso-quadrangula, lateribus angustis canaliculata, 
parcissime et minute muriculata, c. 9 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.15—0.,175 
cm. longis. Bracteae convolutae, pedicellum amplectentes et superantes, 
late angulato-ovatae, acutae, basi breviter contractae, nervis 5 imperfectis 
dorso prominentibus, parce punctatae, c. 0.3 cm. longae et latae, infima 
longior (an semper?). Flores patentissimi. Sepalum dorsale secundum costam 
mediam canaliculatum cum lateribus leviter convexis, subovato-oblongum, 
breviter acutum, 3nervium, c. 0.4 cm. longum, 0.16 cm. latum. Sepala 
lateralia obtusangule canaliculata cum lateribus leviter convexis, suboblique 
subovato-oblonga, acuta, 2—3nervia, costa media dorso prominente, c. 0.4 cm. 
longa, 0.16 cm. lata, Petala suboblique subelliptico-oblonga, acuta, superne 
vix irregulariter marginata, concava, 3nervia, c. 0.33 cm. longa, 0,16 cm. 
lata. Labellum parallelum gynostemio porrectum, vix curvulum, breve, 
subtrilobum, 3nervium, lamellis 2 remotis longitudinalibus erectis brevibus altis 
semiovalibus basi supra basin labelli costa transversa connexis in hypochylio, 
explanatum c. 0.3 cm. longum; lobi laterales abbreviati, patentissimi, antice 
in dentem minutum triangulum producti, irregulariter marginati, convexi, 
hypochylium transverse oblongo-quadrangulum subtus sulcis 2 longitudi- 
nalibus convexo-tricostatum c. 0.08 cm. longum 0.18 cm. latum formantes; 
lobus intermedius hypochylio multo latior, late triangulus, subquinquangulatus, 
brevissime acuminatus, angulis lateralibus obtusis, leviter convexus, nervis 


SMITH : Orchidaceac novae Malayenses X. 41 





elevatis, bene 0.2 cm. longus, 0.3 cm. latus. Gynostemium parvum, curvatum, 
dorso convexum, Supra visum ambitu obovato-ovale, c. 0.14 cm. longum, 
alis lateralibus paulum supra medium gynostemii ortis, erecto-patentibus, incur- 
vulis, oblique oblongis, ala apicali aequilateraliter trapeziformi truncata repan- 
dulo-denticulata concava paulo brevioribus, pede 0. Anthera minuta, cucullata, 
breviter ovata, apice recurvo spurie truncata, connectivo basi oblique gibboso, 
fere 0.04 cm. lata. Rostellum breviusculum, aequilateraliter trapeziforme, apicu- 
latum. Stigma rotundato-quadratum, margine elevatum. Ovarium rotundato- 
trigonum, 6sulcatum, c. 0.1 cm. longum; pedicellus cum ovario angulum 
obtusum faciens, c. 0.08 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintji Peak, 1600 m., forest. (H. A. B. BüNNE- 
MEIJER n. 8675, March 1920). 


In the form of the lip this js nearest to D, longicaule J. ]. S., from 
which it differs in the broader leaves, denser inflorescence, shorter lip with 
much higher lamellae, broad stelidia. 

The collector describes the flowers as light brown. In the flowers 
preserved in alcohol the midlobe of the lip shows two brown blotches 
and the ridge connecting the lamellae between the side lobes is also brown. 

Description from a single dried specimen the upper part of the raceme 
being preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (Sect. Platyclinis) duplicibrachium J. |. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma breve, ramosum, teres, initio vaginatum. Pseudobulbi rhizoma 
continui, approximati, elongati, tenues, teretes, apicem versus attenuati, pallide 
Opaco-virides, c, 5—11 cm. longi, basi 0.5—0.7 cm. diam., Ifolii, vaginis 
magnis tubulosis subacuminatis acutissimis opace viridibus atrofusce furfura- 
ceo-marmoratis ad c. 9 cm et plus longis ad basin. Folium erectum, petiolatum, 
lanceolatum, apice canaliculatum, acutum, basi acuta abrupte in petiolum 
contractum, costa media supra sulcata subtus obtuse prominente, tenuiter 
coriaceum, Supra nitidule viride, subtus opacum et minute furfuraceo-punc- 
tatum, c. 18 cm. longum, 1.5—3.3 cm. latum, petiolo canaliculato, inferne 
tereti cum sulco longitudinali, c. 4.25 cm. longo. Inflorescentia multiflora, 
pedunculo filiformi, dilute viridi, furfuraceo-punctato, c. 13 cm. long, rachide 
pendula, flaccida, postice et antice sulco longitudinali instructa, dilute viridi, 
€. 12.5 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.3 cm. longis. Bracteae pedicellum 
amplectentes et multo superantes, oblongo-triangulae, leviter acuminatae, 
acutae, basi utrinque paulum decurrentes, trinerviae, tenerae, 3nerviae, ad 
c. 0.525 cm. longae, 0.25 cm. latae. Flores patentissimi, haud valde aperti, sepalis 
petalisque conniventibus, apice recurvulis, fuscis, margine inferne et basi dilute 
viridibus. Sepalum dorsale anguste lanceolatum, apicem versus sensim angus- 
fatum, acutum, concavum, margine recurvum, c. 0.63 cm. longum, 0.16 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia oblique lanceolata, vix falcatula, apicem versus sensim 
angustata vel plus minusve acuminata, acuta, canaliculata, margine convexo- 


42 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





recurva, costa media dorso prominente, c. 0.63 cm. longa, 0.16 cm.'lata. 
Petala oblique lanceolata, acute acuminata, in utraque parte canaliculae 
jongitudinalis convexa, obsolete erosula, albido-marginata, c. 0.53 cm. longa, 
0.15 cm. lata. Labellum curvulum, ?/; partibus superioribus revolutum, 
subsimplex, minutissime papillosum, inferne marginibus erectis concavum, 
cinnamomeum, margine pallidius, basi dilute viride, explanatum oblon- 
gum, in C. ?/; partibus supra basin leviter constrictum, c. 0.36 cm. longum, 
hypochylio subquadrato, margine erosulo-denticulato, costulis 3 parallelis 
intermedia minus conspicua instructo, €. 0.12 cm. longo, 0.13 cm. lato, epi- 
chylio (lobo intermedio) ovato, obtuso, convexo, minutissime erosulo, c. 
0.22 cm. longo, 0.15 cm. lato. Gynostemium subundatum, dorso convexum, 
pallide viride, c. 0.25 cm. longum, alis lateralibus magnis, basi lata basin 
oynostemii fere et clinandrium attingentibus, oblique lanceolato-triangulis, 
sensim angustatis, acutis, falcatis, albis,, alam terminalem cum gynostemio 
angulum obtusum facientem oblongam irregulariter erosulo-crenulatam viridi- 
albam aequantibus, dente brevi triangulo albo utrinque in sinu inter alam 
apicalem et alas laterales, pede abbreviato. Anthera cucullata, cordata, sub- 
acuminata, acuta, carneo-alba, c. 0.08 cm. longa, connectivo incrassato, 
pallide viridi, Pollinia 4, inaequalia, oblique compresso-clavata, basi acuta, 
dilute flava, ad 0.075 cm, longa. Rostellum majusculum, 5angulare, leviter 
convexum, fuscescens. Stigma magnum, longitudinale, oblongo-quadran- 
gulum, prominens, concavum, margine inferiore elevatum truncatum et 
pallide fuscum, ceterum olivaceum. Ovarium pedicellatum breve, obtuse 
trigonum, 6sulcatum, viride, c. 0.16 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: Benkoelen, Boekit Barisan, Rimbo Pengadang 1000 m. 
(Exp. E. JACOBSON 1916, AJOBB, liv. pl. cult. in Hort, Bog. sub nrs. 803 
and 878). 


Allied to D. simile BL. and perhaps nearest to D. odoratum (RIDL.) 
J. J. S., from which it may be distinguished by the colour of the flowers, 
the denticulate lip with three longitudinal keels on the lower half and the 
form of the column. 

Description from a living specimen. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) ventricosum J.]J.S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma valde ramosum, vaginis brevibus infra pseudobulbos accre- 
scentibus tubulosis imbricantibus breviter acutis sicco dense prominenter 
nervosis glabris opacis ad c. 4.5 cm. longis tectum. Pseudobulbi approxi- 
mati, sicco teretes, c. 1.5—3.4 cm. longi. Folium lanceolatum, basi acuta 
breviter petiolato-contractum, €. 0.3—0.65 cm. infra apicem contractum, 
obtusum vel acutum et brevissime conduplicatum, saepe plus minusve api- 
culatum, nervis c. 7 majoribus subtus prominentibus, papyraceum, c, 5.25— 
18 cm. longum, 0.675—1.9 cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 0.25—1.8 
cm, longus. Inflorescentia synantha in pseudobulbis subevolutis, erecta, 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 43 
sublaxe multiflora, pedunculo filiformi, ©. 6.5—13.5 cm. longo, rachide leviter 
flexuosa, lateraliter compresso-quadrangula, lateribus angustis sulcata, c. 
6.5—11 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.2—0.5 cm. lengis. Bracteae conspicuae, 
patentes, pedicellum et floris partem inferiorem amplectentes, involutae, 
abbreviato-orbiculares, c. 7nerviae, c. 0.6 cm. longae, 0.63 cm. latae, 4—6 
inferiores steriles, adpressae, imbricatae. Flores mediocres, glabri, c. 0.75 cm. 
lati, 0.775 cm. longi, sepalis basi contiguis. Sepalum dorsale ovarium con- 
tinuum, apice recurvulum, anguste lanceolatum, acutum, leviter concavum, 
3nervium, €. 0.775 cm. longum, 0.175 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia erecto- 
patentia, supra basin concavam basin labelli amplectentem divergentia, 
apice recurva, anguste obliqué lanceolata, apicem versus sensim angustata, 
acuta, obtusangule concava cum lateribus leviter convexis, apice canaliculata, 
3nervia, costa media dorso prominula, c. 0.775 cm. longa, 0.14 cm. lata. 
Petala erecta, sepalo dorsali adpressa, subparallela, vix divergentia, oblique 
lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, basi leviter contracta, Superna erosula, leviter 
concava, S3nervia, €. 0.675 cm. longa, 0.18 cm. lata. Labellum immobile, 
erectum, simplex, supra basin canaliculato-concavam marginibus erectam 
valde excavato-concavum subtus ventricosum, superne late canaliculato-con- 
cavum cum marginibus convexis, dentibus marginalibus minutis patentibus 
acutis c. 2 utrinque in ‘/,—!/, parte supra basin, 3nervium, lamellis 2 paral- 
lelis altis tenuibus brevibus abrupte terminantibus basi transverse conjunctis, 
supra basin callo breviore antice incrassato et retuso interposito, explanatum 
obverse quinquangulari-rhombeum, acuminatum, acutum, superne papillosum, 
c. 0.66 cm. longum, supra basin c.0.225 cm., superne 0.36 cm. latum. 
Gynostemium brevissimum, dorse angulato-convexum, c.0.15 cm, usque 
apicem alarum lateralium 0.175 cm. longum, alis lateralibus e dimidio 
inferiore, porrectis, parallelis, linearibus, vix falcatulis, oblique acutis, alam 
apicalem superantibus, ala apicali porrecta, concava, dorso convexa, qua- 
drangula, apicem versus paulo angustata, truncata, irregulariter denticulata, 
pede subnullo. Anthera cucullata, ambitu ovato-triangula, apice triangulo 
subacuto recurva, basi bilobula, bene 0.05 cm. lata, connectivo crasse ob- 
tuse gibboso. Pollinia 4, pyriformia, caudiculis filiformibus. Rostellum erecto- 
patens, semiovale, rotundatum, apice subproductum, concavum, subtus 
convexum. Stigma semiovale, margine inferiore rotundatum et paulo elevatum. 
Ovarium brevissimum, 6sulcatum, c. 0.06 cm. longum; pedicellus aequicras- 
sus, C. 0.1 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Laras Talang, Boekit Gombak, 
1450 m., in a coffee plantation. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5622, November 
1918). Goenoeng Talang, 1300 m., on a tree. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5655, 
November 1918). 


À very distinct species allied to D. edentulum BL., with the bracts 
inwrapping the basal portion of the flowers, and the lip ventricose above 
the base. 


44 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





»Flowers green”. (BüNNEMEIJER). 
Description from dried specimens and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) rigidulum J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma valde ramosum. Pseudobulbi approximati, cylindrici, obtusi, 
c. 2.5—3.75 cm. longi, 0,5—0.65 cm. diam. (in sicco), vaginis superne 
accrescentibus sicco dense prominenter nervosis et dense minutissime 
elevato-puncticulatis opacis ad c. 4 cm. longis ad basin. Folium sublineare, 
apice subconduplicato subacutum vel brevissime acutum, subpungens, basi 
acuta in petiolum brevem canaliculatum c. 0.8—1.5 cm. longum angustatum, 
rigidulum, nervis 5—-7 sicco subtus prominentibus, totum c. 10—15 cm. 
longum, 0.475—1 cm. latum (in sicco). Inflorescentia e pseudobulbo ma- 
. turo, erecta, superne nutans, laxius multiflora, pedunculo filiformi, c. 6.5 — 
11.5 cm. longo, rachide leviter flexuosa, compresso-quadrangula, c. 12— 
18 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.25—0.325 cm. longis. Bracteae ovarium 
pedicellatum plus minus aequantes, amplectentes, late subovatae, obtusae, 
-vix apiculatae, basi contractae, 3nerviae, c. 0,37 cm. longae et latae, 2—4 
inferiores steriles, àdpressae, imbricantes. Flores alternatim bifarii, patentes, 
Sepalum dorsale subrhombeo-lanceolatum, acutum, 3nervium, c. 0.5 cm. 
longum, 0.175 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique oblonga, acuta, dorso 
carinata, 3nervia, c. 0.5 cm. longa, fere 0.2 cm. lata. Petala subrhombeo- 
lanceolata, acuta, 3nervia, c. 0.48 cm. longa, 0.16 cm. lata. Labellum 
subtriiobum, concavum, 3nervium, callis 2 brevibus erectis lateraliter com- 
pressis rotundatis postice lamella transversa postice incrassata rotundata 
conjunctis ad basin, explanatum totum c. 0.44 cm. longum, hypochylio 
transverse quadrangulo, basi utrinque in lobulum parvum rotundatum di- 
latato, suberosulo, bene 0.2 cm. lato, lobo intermedio late ovato, acuminato, 
acuto, margine papilloso, c. 0,3 cm. longo, fere 0.3 cm, lato. Gynostemium 
brevissimum, dorso convexum, c, 0.13 cm. longum, ala apicali transverse 
quadrangula, apice leviter rotundata, denticulata, alis lateralibus infra me- 
dium insertis, apicali brevioribus, patentibus, oblique oblongis, apice di- 
latatis, obtusis. Pollinia 4, oblique clavata. Rostellum triangulum. Stigma 
margine inferiore valde elevato oblique cupuliforme. Ovarium breve, 
6sulcatum, pedicello fere aequicrasso. 


Sumatra: Ophir districts, Goenoeng Talamau, northwestern slope, 
1700 m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 767a, May 1917). Korintji Peak, 1200— 
1700 m., on trees in forest. (H: A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 8537, 8607, 8919, 
8958, 8060, 8990 and 9073, March 1920). 


In general this is similar to D. cornutum BL., differing chiefly in the 
short broad column arms and the form of the lip. 

The flowers are described as light green. 

Description from the dried Ophir specimen only. 


? 


SMITH: Orçhidaceae novae Malayenses X. 45 





Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) ophiopogonoides J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma valde ramosum, adscendens, vaginis tubulosis imbricantibus 
versus basin pseudobulborum accrescentibus dense prominenter nervosis opacis 
parce inconspicue punctatis saltem superioribus acutis ad c. 5.5 cm. longis 
tectum. Pseudobulbi dense aggregati, rhizoma continui, sicco tenuiter teretes, 
€. 3—4 cm. longi. Folium lineare, apicem versus angustatum, acutum vel 
anguste obtusum, plus minusve apiculatum, basi acuta breviter petiolato- 
angustatum, nervis majoribus c. 5 dorso prominentibus, rigidum, sicco 
subsemipellucidum, €. 13.5—16 cm. longum, 0.6—0.73 cm. latum; petiolus 
canaliculatus, c. 1.5 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo immaturo 
folio fere evoluto synantha, pedunculo tenuiter filiformi, c. 15—17 cm. longo, 
rachide leviter flexuosa, valide lateraliter compresso-quadrangula, lateribus 
angustis sulcata, sparse et minutissime muriculato-puberula, €. 8—11.5 cm. 
longa, internodiis c. 0.275—0.3 cm. longis. Bracteae ovarium superantes, 
marginibus involutae, late ovatae, acute apiculatae, basi breviter contractae, 
irregulariter marginatae, nervis c. 5 dorso prominentibus, c. 0.35 cm. longae, 
0.3 cm. latae, 2 inferiores steriles. Flores parvuli, bene aperti, c. 0.85 cm. 
lati. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, apicem versus angustatum et recurvulum, 
acutum, concavum, 3nervium, c. 0.47 cm. longum, 0.15 cm. latum. Sepala 
lateralia divaricata, oblique lanceolata, apicem versus angustata, acuta, 


obtusangule canaliculata, cum lateribus convexis, 3nervia, costa media dorso 


prominula, €. 0.5 cm. longa, 0.15 cm. lata. Petala oblique lanceolata, 
acuminata, acuta, supra basin leviter constricta, leviter canaliculata cum 
lateribus leviter convexis, %/; partibus superioribus erosa, Inervia, nervo 
dorso prominulo, &, 0.46 cm. longa, 0.1 cm. lata. Labellum porrectum, 
leviter sigmoideum, 3lobum, concavum, subtus convexum cum costa longi- 
tudinali convexa in parte inferiore, 3nervium, costis 2 satis conspicuis 
brevibus parallelis basi lamella transversa altiore calliformi a dorso compressa 
conjunctis infra basin lobi intermedii evanescentibus supra basin inter lobos 
laterales, explanatum c. 0.45 cm., usque apicem loborum lateralium c, 0.24 
cm longum, ad lobos laterales 0.3 cm. latum; lobi laterales patentes, 
porrecti, oblique oblongi, apice plus minusve recurvuli, oblique subtruncati 
vel obtusi, margine exteriore erosuli, extus convexi intus concavi, gy- 
nostemium bene superantes; lobus intermedius porrectus, leviter adscendens, 
apice recurvulus, obverse rhombeus, breviter acute acuminatus, inferne 
marginibus recurvus, apice canaliculatus, parte superiore erosulus, c. 0.26 
cm. longus, 0.2 cm., basi 0.14 cm. latus. Gynostemium brevissimum, latum, 
c. 0.15 cm. longum, alis lateralibus in dimidio inferiore, patentibus, porrectis, 
incurvulis, verticalibus, oblique oblongis, acutiusculis, intus leviter convexis, 
alam apicalem aequantibus, ala apicali quadrangula, truncata, apice crenulata, 
concava, pede 0. Anthera parva, cucullata, abscondita, transverse ovalis, 
antice visa subconica, basi -bilobula, c. 0.03 cm. lata, connectivo conspicuo, 
crasse gibboso, apicem fere attingente. Rostellum erecto-patens, semiovale, 


-Obtusum, apiculatum, concavum, subtus convexum. Stigma subsemilunatum, 


46 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





margine inferiore obtusangulum vix elevatum. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.1 
cm. longum, pedicello c. 0.15 cm. longo vix crassius. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Laras Talang. Goenoeng Talang, 
2450 m., in brushwood. (H. A.B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5501, November 1918). 


In spite of the well developed side lobes of the lip this is to be 
reckoned amongst the nearer allies of D. cornutum BL. In a dry state it is 
easily recognized by the tufted linear stiff transparent leaves, which, I sup- 
pose, are fleshy on the living plant. 

The flowers are. said to be white to light green. 

Description from herbarium and an inflorescence preserved in alcohol. 


var. merapiense J. J. S. n. var. , 

Rhizoma valde ramosum, vaginis acutis dense prominenter nervosis, 
opacis, radicibus crassiusculis. Pseudobulbi aggregati, sicco teretes, rugosi, 
c. 2—3 cm. longi. Folium lanceolato-lineare, apicem versus angustatum, 
anguste obtusum, subapiculatum, basi acutum, nervis c. 5 majoribus pro- 
minentibus, papyraceum, c. 5.5—10 cm. longum, 0.5—1 cm. latum; petiolus 
c. 0.5 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo immaturo folio fere evoluto 
synantha, subdense multiflora, pedunculo tenuiter filiformi, 5—7.25 cm. 
longo, rachide lateraliter compresso-quadrangula, lateribus angustis sulcata, 
c. 6.5—8 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.175—0.225 cm. longis. Bracteae pa- 
tentes, rachidem semiamplectentes, ovarium pedicellatum marginibus involutis 
includentes et multo superantes, late ovato-triangulae, obtusae vel subacutae, 
basi lata utrinque rotundatae, subtrinerviae, c. 0.37 cm. longae et latae, 
infima sterilis. Flores teneri, ©. 1 cm. lati. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, 
apicem versus sensim angustatum, acutissimum, leviter canaliculatum cum 
lateribus convexis, 3nervium, €. 0.55 cm. longum, 0.16 cm. latum. Sepala 
lateralia similia, patentissima, obliqua, tenuiter apiculata, 0.16 cm. lata. 
Petala oblique lanceolata, acutissime acuminata, basi leviter contracta medio 
tantum affixa, basi excepta erosula, obtusangule concava cum lateribus 
convexis, 3nervia, ©. 0.5 cm. longa, 0.15 cm. lata. Labellum ima basi a 
gynostemio patens, supra basin incurvo-porrectum, 3lobum, basi lata 
utrinque rotundata medio tantum insertum, subtus inferne convexum cum 
costula longitudinali, 3nervium, costis 2 brevibus parallelis basi callo trans- 
verso Conspicuo antice inter costas minute bigibboso conjunctis basin 
lobi intermedii non attingentibus supra basin inter lobos laterales, expla- 
natum ambitu subovatum, c. 0.45 cm., usque apicem loborum lateralium 
0.2 cm. longum, ad lobos laterales 0.25 cm. latum; lobi laterales satis 
conspicui, porrecti, oblique oblongi, basi valde obliqui, apice leviter incur- 
vuli, margine exteriore superne erosuli, gynostemium superantes; lobus 
intermedius adscendens, marginibus recurvis .convexus, ovato-ellipticus, 
acuminatus, acutissimus, erosulus, papillosus, c. 0.33 cm. longus, 0.2 cm. 
latus, Gynostemium brevissimum,- dorso convexum, alis lateralibus in 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 47 





dimidio inferiore, erecto-patentibus, porrectis, oblique oblongis, acutis, ala 
apicali bene brevioribus, ala apicali subquadrata, truncata, 3crenata vel 
irregulariter dentata, concava, pede 0. Anthera abscondita, cucullata, rotun- 
dato-triangula, apice rotundata, c. 0.05 cm. lata, connectivo crasse obtuse 
gibboso apicem non attingente. Rostellum erecto-patens, semiovale, apice 
apiculato-productum et incurvulum, canaliculatum cum lateribus convexis. 
Stigma cum rostello subovale, margine inferiore obtusangulum. Ovarium 
6sulcatum, c. 0.075 cm. longum, pedicello c. 0.12 cm. longo vix crassius. 


Sumatra: West-coast, Goenoeng Merapi, 1800 m., forest. (H. A. B. 
BüNNEMEIJER n. 4722, September 1918). 


1 have given a detailed description of the variety, because it differs 
slightly but in many respects from the type, especially in the shorter and 
thinner leaves, the form of the midlobe of the lip, and the shorter arms of 
the column... 

Description from herbarium and an inflorescence preserved in alcohol, 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) ovatum J. J. S. n. sp. 

Pseudobulbi approximati, sicco tenues, teretes, c. 5 cm. longi, novelli 
pluribus vaginis amplectentibus acutis praesertim superne transverse rugu- 
losis opacis atrofusce sed non conspicue punctatis superioribus accrescen- 
tibus ad c. 7 cm. longis tecti. Folium petiolatum, anguste lanceolatum, 
parte superiore ©. 6—7 cm. longa leviter contractum, acutum, apiculatum, 
basi acutum, uervis ©. 7 majoribus et numerosis tenuibus sicco subtus 
prominentibus, firmiter papyracea, c. 14—17,5 cm. longa, 1.75—2 cm. lata; 
petiolus canaliculatus, c. 1.75 —1.9 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbis 
novellis immaturis folio evoluto synantha, laxius multiflora, pedunculo filiformi, 
c. 7.25—13 cm. longo, rachide leviter flexuosa, compresso-quadrangula, 
lateribus angustis canaliculata, c. 15 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.35—0.4 cm. 
longis. Bracteae ovarium pedicellatum amplectentes et superantes, ovato- 
orbiculares, obtusissimae, 5nerviae, c. 0.45 cm. longae, bene 0,4 cm. latae. 
Flores mediocres, fere 1.3 cm. lati. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, brevissimie 
acutum vel subacuminatum, 3nervium, bene 0.6 cm. longum, 0.24 cm, latum. 
Sepala lateralia divaricata, oblique ovato-oblonga, apicem versus sensim angus- 
tata, acuta, medio canaliculata, lateribus convexa, 3nervia, costa media-dorso 
prominente, c. 0.64 cm. ionga, 0.24 cm. lata. Petala vix ovato-oblonga, acuta, 
superne vix irregulariter marginata, 3nervia, c. 0.575 cm. longa, 0.22 cm. lata. 
Labellum simplex, concavum, acutum, vix acuminatum, in c. '/; parte supra 
basin utrinque denticulo obsoleto instructum, 3nervium, supra basin 3cos- 
tatum, costis exterioribus basi tantum satis conspicuis attenuatis in C. ?/; 
partibus supra basin evanescentibus, costa tertia breviore basi dilatata et 
incrassata interposita, costis supra basin labelli connexis, expansum c. 0.53 
cm. longum, 0.3 cm. latum. Gynostemium brevissimum, dorso subsig- 
moideum convexumque, c. 0.18 cm. longum, alis lateralibus porrectis, 


48 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 








dimidium inferius gynostemii occupantibus, latissimis, ala apicali bre- 
vioribus, trapeziformibus, obtusis, margine antico postico longioribus, ala 
apicali brevi, lata, transverse quadrangula, truncata, basi utrinque dente 
bene breviore satis conspicuo triangulo instructa, pede 0. Anthera cucullata, 
ambitu late ovata, e basi transverse ovali rostrato-acuminata, obtusa, con- 
nectivo basi gibboso, c. 0.075 cm. lata. Polinia 4, oblonga, subpyriformia, 
cum caudiculis conspicuis c. 0.075 cm. longa. Rostellum conspicuum, latum, 
subtus convexum. Stigma semilunatum. Ovarium cum pedicello paulo 
tenuiore c. 0.175 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: East coast, Deli, south west of Bandar Baroe, 1000 m., 
in forest, on a fallen tree. (J. A. LüRZING n. 5350, October 1917). 


This seems to be nearest to D. brachyotum RCHB. F. from Java, but 
the pseudobulbs are longer, the petals far less acutate, the lip hardly 
acuminate with very different keels, the side wings of the column much 
broader. 

»Young parts more or less tinted with brown. Flowers greenish 
brown.” (LüÜRZING). 

Description from a dried specimen. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) talamauense J. ]. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma ramosum, initio vaginis tubulosis infra pseudobulbos accre- 
scentibus imbricantibus acutis dense prominenter nervosis opacis vix punctatis 
ad c. 5.5 cm. longis tectum, radicibus crassiusculis villosis. Pseudobulbi 
aggregati, ad c. 1.2 cm. dissiti, sicco cylindracei, apicem versus leviter 
attenuati, sicco transverse rugulosi, €. 3.2—4 cm. longi, 0,6 cm. diam. 
Folium petiolatum, lanceolatum, apice longitudine 3.75 —6 cm. subcontracto- 
angustatum, in €. 0.3—0.95 cm. infra apicem contractum, breviter acutum 
vel obtusum, interdum apiculatum, basi acuta abrupte in petiolum contractum, 
nervis c. 7—9 sicco subtus prominentibus numerosis tenuibus interpositis, 
sicco papyraceum, €. 10—16 cm. longum, 1.75—2.5 cm. latum; petiolus 
brevis, canaliculatus, c. 0.8—1.5 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo 
fere evoluto, laxe multiflora, pedunculo c. 6.75—8.7 cm. longo, rachide 
leviter flexuosa, lateraliter compresso-quadrangula, lateribus angustis sulcata, 
vix punctata, c. 6.75—15 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.5—0.65 cm. longis. 
Bracteae patentissimae, marginibus involutae, ovarium superantes, late 
ovatae, brevissime acuminatae, nervis c. 7 dorso prominulis puncticulatae, 
c. 0.55 cm. longae, 0,5 cm. latae, infima sterilis, adpressa. Flores majusculi. 
_ Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, subulato-acuminatum, concavum, 3nervium, 
c. 0.75—1 cm. longum, 0.325 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia, oblique oblongo- 
ovata, longius subulato-acuminata, obtusangule canaliculata cum lateribus 
convexis, canaliculo dorso prominente, 3nervia, €. 0.75—1 cm. longa, 0.,3— 
0.37 cm. lata. Petala oblique elliptico-oblonga, acute acuminata, su- 
perne erosa, concava, 3nervia, C. 0.675—0.85 cm. longa, 0.33—0.4 cm. lata. 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X, 49 





Labellum supra basin et apice recurvum, convexum, subtrilobum, 3nervium, 
callis 2 conspicuis remotis longitudinalibus brevibus altis a latere com- 
pressis subangulato-semiorbicularibus abrupte terminantibus basi costula 
transversa humiliore retusa conjunctis supra basin inter lobos laterales, 
explanatum c. 0.6—0.725 cm. longum; lobi lateralis breves, basi lati, leviter 
rotundati, antice in dentem liberum obsoletum vel minimum triangulum 
interdum deficientem producti, erosi, hypochylium transverse oblongum 
c. 0.225—0.27 cm. longum 0.38—0.47 cm. latum formantes; lobus inter- 
medius late ovato-triangulus vel late ovato-rhombeus et basi paulum contractus, 
brevissime triangulo-apiculato-acuminatus, erosus, apice canaliculatus c. 0.375 — 
0.475 cm. longus, 0.47—0.475 cm. latus. Gynostemium brevissimum, dorso 
obtusangule convexum, apice medio leviter productum rotundato-truncatum 
et irregulariter marginatum, c. 0.23 cm. longum, alis lateralibus et pede 
0. Anthera cucullata, ambitu ovato-quadrangula, apicem versus angustata, 
apice late subtruncata, basi bilobula, c. 0.075 cm. lata, connectivo gibboso- 
incrassato. Rostellum patens, subsemiorbiculare, obtuse apiculatum, medio 
canaliculatum cum marginibus convexis. Stigma suborbiculare, margine 
elevatum. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.15 cm. longum ; pedicellus 0.1 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Benedenlanden, Goenoeng Talamau, north-west 
slope, 2050 m., epiphytic in forest. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIER n. 788, May 
1617); west slope, 2700 m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 856, May 1917). 


PFITZER would place this in his subgenus Aphanostelidium. K is appa- 
rently near D. glossorhynchum SCHLTR., but with much larger flowers, broadly 
ovate bracts, an erose lip with a relatively broader midlobe. 

In n. 788 the column was nearly entire, whereas in n. 856, the flowers 
of which had already set fruit, it was provided with a tooth on each side 
of the clinandrium. 

In the form of the lip the species much resembles D. cornutuin BL. 

The flowers are said to be light green or green. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) appendiculatum J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma valde ramosum, initio vaginis tubulosis imbricantibus acutis 
sicco dense prominenter nervosis opacis maculis obsoletis obscurius punctatis 
notatis infra pseudobuibos accrescentibus ad c. 5 cm. longis tectum. Pseudo- 
bulbi dense aggregati, elongato-ovoidei, apicem versus attenuati, sicco ad 
c. 3 cm. longi, 0.8 cm. diam. Folium lineari-lanceolatum, c. 1—3.75 cm. 
infra apicem plus minusve contractum, deinde sensim angustatum, breviter 
conduplicato-acutum vel anguste obtusum, interdum plus minusve apiculatum, 
basi acutum, nervis c. 5—7 majoribus subtus tenuiter prominentibus, nervis 
numerosis tenuibus interpositis, sicco tenuiter papyraceum, semipellucidum, 
c. 14.5—21 cm. longum, 0.95 —1.4 cm. latum; petiolus tenuis, canaliculatus, 
c. 2.2—4 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo immaturo folio fere 


50 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG; SÉRIE, MOLN EIRE 








evoluto synantha, laxe multiflora, pedunculo filiformi, €. 12—17.5 cm. 
longo, rachide leviter flexuosa, lateraliter compresso-quadrangula, lateribus 
angustis canaliculata, glabra, €. 12.5—15 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.35—0.4 
cm. longis. Bracteae patentissimae, breviter ovato-triangulae, obtusae, breviter 
apiculatae, basi utrinque rotundatae, c. 7nerviae, bene 0.3 cm. longae, 0.35 
cm. latae. Flores patentes, parvi. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum, apicem 
recurvulum versus angustatum,  obtusiusculum, concavum, marginibus 
convexum, 3nervium, c. 0.4 cm. longum, 0.175 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia 
oblique oblongo-ovata, acuta, leviter canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, 
apice recurvula, 3nervia, nervis exterioribus interdum subobsoletis, fere 
0.4 cm. longa, 0.17 cm. lata. Petala obiique oblonga, acuta, basi margine 
antico in lobulum parvum rotundatum dilatata, superne papillosa, 3nervia, 
nervis exterioribus tenuissimis, €. 0.325 cm. longa, 0,14 cm. lata. Labellum 
latum, 3iobum, valde convexum, basi tantum leviter concavum, nervis 3 
subtus inferne convexo-incrassatis, intus lamellis 2 remotis altis aliformibus 
basi lata rotundatis subsemicordatisque adscendentibus superne decrescen- 
tibus in lobo medio abrupte deminutis et sensim evanescentibus bene supra 
basin costa transversa postice paulum producta et decumbente conjunctis 
appendicem magnam concavam hypochylio aequilatam formantibus, callo 
parvo erecto longitudinali lateraliter compresso subsemiorbiculari in medio 
hypochylii, explanatum €. 0.325 cm. longum; lobi laterales rotundati, 
integerrimi, concavi, hypochylium transverse oblongum c. 0.1 cm. longum 
0.225 cm. latum formantes; lobus intermedius marginibus apiceque valde 
recurvus, apice leviter canaliculatus, a lobis lateralibus sinibus acutis 
separatus, late quinquangulari-rhombeus, utrinque rotundatus, apice subrect- 
angulus, longe et dense papillosus, c. 0.225 cm. longus, 0.26 cm. latus. 
Gynostemium brevissimum, curvatum, dorso convexum, €. 0.13 cm. longum, 
alis lateralibus e medio gynostemii, parvis, patentibus, oblique linearibus, 
apice oblique retusis, ala apicali bene brevioribus, ala apicali suborbiculari, 
dentata, concava, pede brevissimo. Anthera patentissima, cucullata, cordata, 
apicem versus angustata, apice recurvulo truncata, c. 0.075 cm. longa, 
connectivo convexo-gibboso, basin versus incrassato. Pollinia 4, geminata, 
anguste clavata, obtusa, cum caudiculis tenuibus basi curvatis c. 0.075 cm. 
longa. Rostellum patens, recurvum, semiorbiculari-triangulum, apiculatum, 
canaliculatum cum lateribus convexis et costa longitudinali convexa in 
canalicula. Stigma transverse subreniformi-ovale, margine inferiore rotun- 
datum elevatumque. Ovarium breve, obconicum, apice obliquum, 6sulcatum, 
cum pedicello brevi crasso c. 0.17 cm. longum. Capsula brevissime pedi- 
cellata, patens, rachidi adpressa, oblique ovali-obovoidea, sexangulato-cylin- 
drica, taeniolis 3 longitudinalibus anguste linearibus canaliculatis, c. 0.6 cm. 
longa, 0.43 cm. diam. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Goenoeng Merapi, 1400 m. and 
1800 m., in forest. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 4930 and 4082, September 1918). 


ét É RS 


_ SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 51 





Apparently near D. barbifrons PFITZ. but with crowded and shorter 
pseudobulbs, narrower leaves, differently coloured flowers, the sepals and 
petals not acuminate, a threelobed lip and the side wings of the column : 
linear not subulate. 

Flowers salmon-coloured, fragrant.” (BüNNEMEIJER). 

Description from herbarium only. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) lamellatum J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma elongatum, teres, c. 0.3 cm. diam., vaginis imbricantibus 
tubulosis acutis apice carinatis dense nervosis coriaceis punctatis infra 
pseudobulbos accrescentibus ad c. 6—7 cm. longis obtectum. Pseudobulbi 
c. 2.7 cm. dissiti, rhizoma continui, cauliformes, tenues, teretes, apicem 
versus vix attenuati, apice oblique in gibbum obtusum producti, c. 5—8 
cm. longi, 0:5—0.6 cm. diam. Folium erectum, lineari-lanceolatum, condu- 
plicato-acutum, basi in petiolum brevem contractum, 5nervium, costa media 
supra sulcata subtus obtuse prominente, coriaceum, supra nitidum, subtus 
opacum, c. 16—17.5 cm. longum, 1.8—1.7 cm. latum ; petiolus canaliculatus, 
c. 1.2—1.3 cm. longus. Inflorescentiae in pseudobulbis fere maturis, nutantes, 
densius multiflorae, pedunculo tenuiter filiformi, c. 11.5 cm. longo, rachide 
valde torta, quadrangula, lateribus valde canaliculata, furfuraceo-punctata, 
c. 11.5 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.3 cm. longis. Bracteae patentes, ovarium 
pedicellatum amplectentes, late orbiculari-ovatae, c. 0.6 cm. longae, 0,73 
cm. latae. Flores torsione quaquaversi, patentes, mediocres, bene expansi, 
bene 0.8 cm. lati, sepalis patentissimis, convexis, dorso furfuraceo-punctatis. 
Sepalum dorsale late ovato-ovale, obtusum, 3nervium, c. 0.5 cm. longum, 
0.37 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia late oblique ovata, obtusa, basi concava, 
3nervia, nervo brevissimo utrinque addito, c. 0.55 cm. longa, 0.38 cm. lata. 
Pelata patentia, oblique subobovato-ovalia, late angulato-rotundata cum api- 
culo parvo obtuso, superne erosula, concava, superne COonvexa, 3nervia, 
c. 0.425 cm. longa, bene 0.3 cm. lata. Labellum valde concavum, utrique 
gynostemio adpressum, obsolete 3lobum, subtus convexum et basi sulcis 
3 longitudinalibus manifeste 4costatum, 5nervium, intus superne praeter 
marginem utrinque convexo-incrassatum, incrassationibus apicem versus 
angustatis, lamella transversa horizontali apice obtuse trilobulata cavum antice 
apertum septis 3 iongitudinalibus verticalibus cum nervis 3 conjunctis alte 
bicameratum formante supra basin, lamella aequilonga alta longitudinali 
marginibus labelli incurvis horizontali irregulariter marginata basi tantum 
cum lamella transversa conjuncta utrinque supra basin in nervis exterioribus, 
c. 0.4 em. longum et latum, explanatum subsemiorbiculare, c. 0.4 cm. lon- 
gum, 0.55 cm. latum, lobis lateralibus rotundatis, denticulatis, vix a 1obo 
intermedio semiorbiculari apice plicis subtrilobulato irregulariter marginato 
sejunctis. Gynostemium breve, dorso convexum, apicem versus cuneato- 
alatum, ©. 0.175 em. longum, 0.18 cm. latum, alis lateralibus dentem 
brevem patentem oblique triangulum acutiusculum in utraque stigmatis parte 


52 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 








formantibus, clinandrio convaco, margine postico aequilateraliter trapeziformi 
late retuso, pede brevi. Anthera non abscondita, cucullata, ovata, obtusa, c. 0.1 


cm. lata, connectivo alte obtuse conico. Pollinia 4, obovato-ovalia, caudiculis - 


aequilongis filiformibus clavata, c. 0.1 cm. longa. Rostellum conspicuum, 
antheram bene aequans, ovatum, apice brevissime contractum truncatum et 
recurvulum, concavum. Stigma oblique suborbiculare, margine elevatum. 
Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.2 cm. longum; pedicellus curvatus, c. 0.275 cm. 
longus. 


Sumatra: West coast, Goenoeng Singgalang, 1700 m. (E. JACOBSON, 
cult. sub n. 1203). 


An interesting species allied to D. fuscescens SCHTR, et J. J.S., charac- 
terized by the curious appendages of the almost entire lip. 

,Peduncle, bracts and ovary dark sienna-brown, sepals and petals 
light sienna-brown darker at the tips, column greenish light sienna-brawn, 
anther light sienna-brown.” (E. JACOBSON). 

Description from small portions of the plant preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) fruticicola J. J. S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma repens, ramosum, initio vaginis tubulosis imbricantibus sicco 
dense prominenter nervosis opacis atrofusce punctatis ad basin pseudobul- 
borum accrescentibus superioribus acutis ad c. 45 cm. longis tectum, 
radicibus crassiusculis. Pseudobulbi approximati, usque €. 1 cm. dissiti, 
cum rhizomate angulum acutum facientes, sicco cylindracei, ovales vel 
ovoidei, ©. 1.7—3.6 cm. longi. Folium lanceolatum ad elliptico-lanceolatum, 
apice contractum, subacutum vel subobtusum, apiculatum, basi acuta abrupte 
in petiolum contractum, nervis c. 7 majoribus et pluribus minoribus subtus 
in sicco prominentibus, coriaceum, €, 7.75—13 cm. longum, 1.6—2.9 cm. 
latum; petiolus canaliculatus, c, 2—4.5 cm. longum. Inflorescentia synantha, in 
pseudobulbo immaturo cum folio fere evoluto, laxa, pedunculo c. 4.5—12.5 em. 
long'o, rachide lateraliter compressa, quadrangula, lateribus angustis sulcata, 
inferne furfuracea, c. 7.25—11 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.6 —0.7 cm. longis. 
Bracteae persistentes, patentissimae, marginibus involutae, pedicellum am- 
plectentes, subquinquangulari-obovatae, obtusae, minute apiculatae, basi late 
trunçatae et utrinque in rachide decurrentes, 3nerviae, costa media dorso 
prominente, dorso atrofusce furfuraceo-punctatae, c. 0.575 cm. longae, 
0.47 cm. latae, bractea inferiore plerumque sterilis et adpressa. Flores 
€. 10—16, magni. Sepalum dorsale incurvum, ovato-lanceolatum, acutum, 
canaliculato-concavum cum lateribus convexis, 3nervium, €. 1.2 cm. longum, 
0.425 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovato-lanceolata, acuta, obtusangule 
canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, 3nervia, c. 1.2 cm. longa, 0.4 cm. lata. Petala 
incurva, e basi contracta oblique ovata, subacuminata, acuta, concava, apice vix 
recurvulo convexa, 3nervia, fere 1.2 cm. longa, 0.46 cm. lata. Labellum elastice 
insertum, in €. !/,—!/, parte supra basin obtusangule recurvum, marginibus, 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 53 
exceptis in flexu ubi plicam formantibus, convexo-recurvis, costis 2 in 
lobo medio sensim decrescentibus apicem fere attingentibus, stria longitu- 
dinali et margine lobi intermedii pallidis exceptis brunneum (in spiritu 
vini), explanatum c. 0.95 cm. longum, hypochylio quadrangulo, basi 
rotundato-angustato, apice utrinque in dentem minimum acutum exeunte, 
margine minutissime denticulato, c. 0.3—0.35 cm. longo, 0.4— 0.45 cm. lato, 
lobo intermedio convexo cum canaliculo inconspicuo, ovato, obtuso vel 
breviter acute triangulo-acuminato, erosulo, c. 0.6 - 0.65 cm. longo, 0.5 - 
0.53 cm. lato. Gynostemium gracile, arcuatum, c. 0.46 cm. longum. alis 
lateralibus supra basin, subpatentissimis, valde incurvis, subtortis, linearibus, 
anguste obtusis, ala apicali conspicue brevioribus, ala apicali dilatata, apice 
recurvula truncata et plus minusve crenulato-denticulata, clinandrio concavo, 
filamento subulato, pede distincto, cum ovario angulum obtusum faciente, 
quadrangulo, truncato, 0.07 cm. longo. Anthera cucullata, ambitu breviter 
ovato-triangula, in rostrum breve triangulum obtusum convexum recurvulum 
acuminata, basi biloba, bene 0.1 cm. lata, connectivo basi alte et anguste 
obtuse gibboso. Pollinia 4, oblique obovata, extus convexa, intus plana. 
Rostellum conspicuum, patentissimum, gynostemio aequilatum, subsemi- 
orbiculare, minute apiculatum. Stigma semiovale, margine elevatum, margine 
inferiore rotundatum, Ovarium obconicum, 6sulcatum, €. 0.23 cm. longum; 
pedicellus tenuior, c, 0.175 cm. longus. 


‘Sumatra: West-coast, Goenoeng Singgalang, 2600 m., in brushwood. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIER n. 2774, May 1918). Goenoeng Malintang, 2200 
and 2250 m., in brushwood. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 4214 and 4213, 
August 1918). ï 


A distinct species with large flowers and an almost entire lip with very 
small dentiform sidelobes. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 

The flowers are said to be light green or yellowish green, the lip for 
the greater part dark brown. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) insectiferum J. J. S. nom. nov. — 
Platyclinis insectifera RiDL. in Journ. Fed. Mal. St. Mus. VIII (1917), 80. 

Rhizoma ramosum, breve, vaginis deinde fatiscentibus tectum. Pseudobulbi 
c. 0.4—0.7 cm. distantes, sicco oblongi, apice attenuati, valde rugosi, 
c. 2.2—25 cm. longi, novelli vaginis tubulosis sese amplectentibus breviter 
acutis sicco dense prominenter nervosis atrofusce punctatis superioribus accre- 
scentibus ad c. 3.5—4.5 cm. longis obtecti. Folium petiolatum, elliptico- 
lanceolatum, apice longitudine 0.6—1.6 cm. manifeste triangulo-contractum, 
obtusum vel acutum, breviter apiculatum, basi acuta in petiolum angustatum, 
nervis ©. 7 majoribus et numerosis tenuibus omnibus sicco subtus promi- 
nulis, coriaceo-papyraceum, c. 9—11.5 cm. longum, 2.5—4 cm. latum vel 
interdum minus; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 2.5- 4 cm. longus. Inflorescentia 


54 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE NL VOL" VE LIVRE: 1: 





folio semievoluto synantha, laxe pauci-pluriflora, pedunculo tenui, €. 8.5—17 
cm. longo, rachide leviter flexuosa, a latere compresso-quadrangula, lateribus 
angustis sulcata, parce muriculato-puberula, €. 5.5—7.5 cm. longa, inter- 
nodiis €. 0.4—0.55 cm. longis. Bracteae convolutae, ovarium pedicellatum 
amplectentes at superantes, explanatae obovatae ad obovato-ellipticae, acutae, 
superne plus minusve dentatae, 3(—4)nerviae, dorso furfuraceae, c. 0.4 —0.5 
cm. longae, 0.35—0.375 cm. latae. Flores c. 9 —14. Sepalum dorsale oblongo- 
ovatum, breviter apiculato-acuminatum, acutum, concavum, 3nervium, €. 
0.875 cm. longum, 0.4 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovata, acuta, 
apiculata, concava, 3nervia, costa media dorso prominente, c. 0.875 cm. 
longa, 0.45 cm. lata. Petala oblique subovato-oblonga, acuminata, acuta, 
concava, apice recurvula, dorso longitudinaliter sulcata, 3nervia, c. 0.68 cm. 
longa, 0.3 cm. lata. Labellum supra basin et apice recurvum, 3lobum, 
convexum, medio inconspicue canaliculatum, costis 2 basi satis conspicuis 
deinde sensim evanescentibus, 5nervium, nervis exterioribus brevibus, subtus 
longitudinaliter sulcatum, explanatum ambitu subovato-oblongum, basi 
latum, c. 0.58 cm. longum; lobi laterales brevissimi, basin versus rotundati, 
antice non producti, dentem inconspicuum obtusangulum formantes, subin- 
tegerrimi, hypochylium aequilateraliter trapeziforme c. 0.22 cm. longum 
0.28 cm. latum facierites; lobus intermedius quinquangulari-rhombeus, acutus, 
$#/, partibus superioribus repandus, c. 0 36 cm. longus, medio 0.24 cm., basi 
0.18 cm. latus. Gynostemium gracile, curvatum, c. 0.44 cm. longum, alis laterali- 
bus conspicuis, cum gynostemio angulos acutos facientibus, basilaribus, 
oblique oblongis, basin versus paulo dilatatis, subulato-acuminatis, margine 
postico sigmoideis, margine antico infra subulam lobulum parvum rotundatum 
formantibus, usque basin gynostemii bene 0.3 cm. longis, ala apicali parvula, 
recurva, Ovato-triangula, obtusa, antice convexa, dorso concava, pede abbre- 
viato, truncato. Anthera cucullata, triangula, subacuta, connectivo basi 
conico-gibboso-incrassato antice decurrente, basi bilobulata, c. 0.075 cm. 
lata. Rostellum recurvum, e basi lata triangulum, acutum. Stigma longitu- 
dinale, oblongum, margine incrassatum. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.17 cm, 
longum, cum pedicello tenuiore 0.2 cm. longo angulum obtusum faciens. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintjii Peak, 2200-2400 m., epiphytical in 
forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 9924, 10085 and 10236, May 1920). 


[have no doubt that P/atyclinis insectifera RIDL. is intended for this 
plant though the petals are not carinate, 

From the dry specimens and the flowers preserved in alcohol the 
sep«Als appear to have been pale with two longitudinal brown bars except 
the base, the petals brown except the base, the lip brown with a pale 
longitudinal line, the column pale dotted brown in the upper part and 
with the stelidia brown for the greater part. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 55 

Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) furfuraceum J. ]. S. n. sp. 
Rhizoma ramosum, vaginatum. Pseudobulbi approximati, ad € 1 cm. 
dissiti, crasse ovoidei, sicco c. 1.5—2,4 cm. longi, 0.8—1.7 cm. diam., ini- 


tio vaginis imbricantibus sursum accrescentibus tubulosis acutis sicco dense 
prominenter nervosis. opacis dense atrofurfuraceis ad c. 5.5—8 cm. longis 
tecti. Folium lanceolatum, basi apiceque acutum, nervis c. 7 distinctis et 
pluribus minoribus in sicco subtus prominentibus, coriaceum, c. 6—18,5 
cm. longum, 1.4—3.8 cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 0.7—5.5 cm. 
longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo immaturo, folio evoluto synantha, erecta, 
laxe multiflora, pedunculo validiusculo, furfuraceo-puberulo, €. 5—19.5 cm. 
longo, rachide lateraliter compresso-quadrangula,-lateribus angustis sulcata, 
furfuraceo-puberula, c. 12—27 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.4—0.65 cm. longis. 
Bracteae patentissimae, rachidem semiamplectentes, marginibus involutae, 
3/, ellipticae, obtusae, breviter apiculatae, basi utrinque decurrentes, dorso 
furfuraceo-punctatae, €. 0.5 cm. longae. Flores mediocres, sepalis dorso 
parcissime furfuraceo-punctatis, intus parce minute muriculatis. Sepalum 
dorsale incurvum, ovato-oblongum, dimidio superiore angustatum, acutym, 
apiculatum, canaliculato-concavum cum Jateribus convexis, margine recurvum, 
3nervium, c. 0.7 cm. longum, 0.32 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia divergentia, 
oblique ovato-oblonga, acuta, apiculata, obtusangule canaliculata cum lateribus 
convexis, 3nervia, c. 0.67 cm. longa, 0.3 cm. lata. Petala incurva, oblique 
elliptica, breviter triangulo-acuminata, subacuta, basi subcontracta, concava 
cum lateribus convexis, intus extusque parce minute muriculata, suberosula, 
3nervia, c. 0.6 cm. longa, 0.3 cm. lata. Labellum elastice affixum, supra 
basin rectangule recurvum, 3nervium, costis 2 parallelis supra basin transverse 
conjunctis in lobo medio sensim evanescentibus, costula tertia minore basi 
apiceque excepto sulcata interposita, totum explanatum c. 0.55 cm longum, 
hypochylio majusculo, quadrangulo, basi rotundato-angustato, apice utrinque 
in dentem parvum patentem oblique triangulum acutum vix minutissime 
serrulatum dilatato, usque apicem loborum lateralium €, 0.23 cm. longo, ad 
loborum lateralium c 0.27 cm., inferne 0.2 cm. lato, lobo intermedio ovato- 
rhombeo, acuto, basi excepta erosulo, convexo, medio leviter canaliculato, 
apice recurvo canaliculato, c. 0.33 cm. longo, fere 0.3 cm. lato. Gynostemium 
curvatum, dorso angulato-convexum, c. 0.43 cm., usque apicem alarum 
lateralium 0.3 cm. longum, alis lateralibus infra medium totius longitudinis 
gynostemii, patentibus, incurvulis, ala terminali bene brevioribus lineari- 
subulatis, acutis, ala apicali porrecta, subquadrangula, apice angustata, 
truncata, dentata, convexa, filamento subulato, pede distincto, cum ovario 
angulum subrectum faciente, quadrangulo, truncato, c. 0.07 cm. longo. 
Anthera cucullata, ambitu ovato-triangula, apice triangulo recurcula, c. 0.1 
cm. lata, connectivo basi obtuse conico-gibboso. Rostellum ovato-triangulum. 
Stigma semiovale, margine inferiore rotundato vix elevatum. Ovarium 
obconicum, 6sulcatum, c. 0.13 longum; pedicellus vix tenuior, c. 0.27 cm. 
longus. 


56 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





Sumatra: Agam, Brani, 000 m., in the forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
n. 3333, June 1918). 


À near ally of D. longifolium RCHB. F., but with shorter pseudobulbs, 
the sheaths densely dotted blackish, muriculate inflorescences and flowers, 
the lip with shorter side lobes. 

“Flowers green”. (BüNNEMEIJER). 

Description from very few dried specimens and flowers preserved in 
alcohol. 

The material of n. 3438 is very poor. Here the lip is more oval and 
blunt, 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) basale J. J. S. n. sp. - 

Pseudobulbi ovoidei ad subglobosi, apice leviter contracti, c. 1—2 cm. 
longi, 0.95—0.8 cm. diam., initio vaginis imbricantibus tubulosis acutis dense 
prominenter nervosis atrofusce punctatis sursum accrescentibus ad c. 4.5 
cm. longis tecti. Folium lanceolatum, apice contractum, acutum, basi acuta 
abrupte in petiolüm contractum, supra in utraque parte costae mediae 
canaliculatae leviter convexum, coriaceum, c. 4.6 — 6.6 cm. longum, 0.95—1,8 
cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 1.2—1.9 cm. longus. Inflorescentia 
folio haud bene evoluto synantha, erecta, pedunculo filiformi, €. 9—9,5 cm. 
longo, rachide nutante, lateraliter compresso-quadrangula, funfuraceo-punc- 
tata, c. 7 cm. longa, internodiis €. 0.4—0.45 cm. longis. Bracteae patentis- 
simae, marginibus involutae, late ellipticae, apice serrulatae, subobtusae, 
basi truncatae, furfuraceo-punctatae, 3nerviae, c. 0.47 cm. longae, 0.35 cm. 
latae, bractea infima sterilis. Flores c. 17, majusculi. Sepalum dorsale ovato- 
lanceolatum, apicem versus sensim angustatum et recurvulum, acutum, obtus- 
angule concavum cum lateribus convexis, 3nervium, c. 1 cm. longum, 
0.275 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovato-lanceolata, apicem recurvulum 
versus sensim angustata, acuta vel subacuta, obtusangule canaliculata cum 
lateribus convexis, dorso carinata, 3nervia, c. 1 cm. longa, 0.3 cm. lata. 
Petala e basi unguiculato-contracta oblique ovata, leviter acuminata, acuta, 
basi apiceque excepto erosa, concava, 3nervia, c. 0.875 cm. longa, 0.34 cm. 
lata. Labellum elastice insertum, 3lobum, undatum. supra basin obtusangule 
recurvum, apice recurvum, 3nervium, Costis 2 parallelis, supra basin costula 
transversa conjunctis, superne sensim evanescentibus, canaliculo usque ad 
apicem labelli producto separatis, explanatum c. 0.625 cm., usque apicem 
loborum lateralium c. 0.2 cm. longum, hypochylio ambitu subsemiorbiculari, 
antice in lobos laterales erecto-patentes oblique triangulos acutos convexos 
serrulatos producto; lobus intermedius e basi aequilateraliter trapeziformi 
c, 0.08 cm. longa basi 0.25 cm. lata ovatus, subacuminatus, subacutus vel 
subobtusus, eroso-repandulus, totus c, 0.47 cm. longus, 0.32 cm. latus. 
Gynostemium gracile, curvatum, sectione transversa triangulum, c. 0.375 cm. 
longum, alis lateralibus basilaribus, longis, gynostemio conspicue brevioribus, 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 57 





porrectis, paulo divergentibus, incurvulis, oblique linearibus, superne angus- 
tatis, subacutis, c. 0.16 cm. longis, ala apicali recurvula, porrecta, sub- 
quadrangula, medio paulo dilatata, apice late subtruncata, irregulariter retusa, 
convexa, antice leviter canaliculata, dorso carinata, clinandrio concavo, 
filamento subulato, pede distincto, cum ovario angulum obtusum faciente, 
apice incurvo obtusissimo, c. 0.075 cm. longo. Anthera cucullata, triangula, 
apice acuto recurva, c. 0.07 cm. lata, connectivo in dimidio inferiore valde 
oblique obtuse gibboso. Rostellum patentissimum, subovatum, obtusum, 
convexum cum incrassatione convexa longitudinali. Stigma longitudinale, 
subovale, margine inferiore rotundatum vix elevatum. Ovarium breviter 
obconicum, 6sulcatum, c. 0.1 longum; pedicellus paulo tenuior, c. 0.14 
cm. longus. ÿ 


Sumatra: Benkoelen, Goenoeng Dempoe, 2000 m. (Exp. E. JACOBSON, 
AJOEB n. 449, August 1916). 


This is evidently near D. linearifolium HOOK.F., but differs according 
to the description and plate in the much broader acute leaves contracted 
at the apex, densely furfuraceous bracts and sheaths, broad blunt bracts, 
much larger flowers, the lip with two keels and the larger apical wing of 
the column. 

The native collector describes the colour as light yellow with a black lip. 

Description from material preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) papillosum J. J. S. n. sp. 

Pseudobulbi approximati, elongati, sicco apicem versus attenuati, c. 5.725 
em, longi, initio vaginis imbricantibus nervosis opacis obscure punctatis 
superioribus accrescentibus ad c. 6.75 cm. longis inclusi. Folium latum, 
elliptico-lanceolatum, obtusum vel subobtusum, basi acuta in petiolum con- 
tractum, nervis c. 7—9 majoribus et numerosis tenuibus, c. 14—17 cm. 
longum, 4.3—3.6 cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 1.85—3.2 cm. longus. 
Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo immaturo, folio evoluto synantha, pedunculo 
c. 12—17 cm, longo, rachide inconspicue flexuosa, lateraliter compresso- 
quadrangula, lateribus angustis canaliculata, internodiis c. 0.4—0.5 cm. 
longis. Bracteae patentissimae, marginibus involutae, acuminatae, acutae, 
dorso minute furfuraceo-punctatae, c. 0.43—0.46 cm, longae, 0.26 cm. latae, 
infima sterilis. Flores mediocres, sepalis petalisque incurvulis, basi intus 
crassius papilloso-puberulis. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-rhombeum, plus minusve 
quinquangulare, acutum, minute apiculatum, basi subcontractum canalicu- 
latum cum lateribus convexis, 3nervium, c. 0.7 cm. longum, 0.26 cm. latum. 
Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-ovata, subacuminato-angustata, acuta, minute 
apiculata, medio canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, 3nervia, c. 0.7 cm. longa, 
0.275 cm. lata. Petala e basi unguiculato-contracta oblique oblongo-ovata, 
angustata, acuta, medio canaliculata, lateribus convexa, basi excepta erosula, 


58 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





3nervia, c. 0.625 cm. longa, 0.23 cm. lata. Labellum mobile, undatum, supra 
basin obtusangule recurvum, apice abrupte recurvum, 3lobum, 3nervium, 
3costatum, costis exterioribus in hypochylio altis, superne decrescentibus, 
in lamina lobi intermedii vix convexis et canalicula separatis, costa inter- 
media multo humiliore, fere usque apicem producta, basi triangulo- 
incrassata et cum costis exterioribus in incrassationem postice truncatam 
conjuncta, costulis 2 inconspicuis brevibus in flexu supra basin inter 
costas additis, c. 0.43 cm., explanatum 0.56 cm. longum; lobi laterales 
hypochylium satis longum ambitu oblongo-sexangulatum usque medium 
cuneatum et integerrimum deinde erosulum antice utrinque in laciniam 
longe subulatam patentem c, 0.125 cm. longam productum absque laciniis 
c. 0.2 cm. longum 016 cm. latum formantes; lobus intermedius late 
spathulatus, striis 2 brunneis notatus, ungue satis angusto, quadrangulo, 
c. 0.1 cm. longo et lato, lamina valde convexa, e basi cuneata angulato- 
suborbiculari, apice truncata cum apiculo minimo, €. 0 25 cm. longa, 0.3 cm. 
lata. Gynostemium curvatum, dorso convexum, €. 0.4 cm. longum, alis 
lateralibus infra medium totius longitudinis, elongatis, patentibus, incurvulis, 
oblique linearibus, extus canaliculatis, intus angulato-convexis et superne 
carinatis, subacutis, ala apicali brevioribus, ala apicali majuscula, 
ambitu subelliptica, apice gradatim 4—5dentata et recurvula, subtus con- 
vexa, pede distincto. Anthera abscondita, cucullata, ambitu triangula, e basi 
lata in rostrum triangulum obtusum convexum producta, connectivo alte 
oblique conico-gibboso, basi bilobulata, €. 0.075 cm.lata. Rostellum trian- 
oulum, supra convexum. Stigma obverse triangulum, margine elevatum. 
Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.1 cm. longum; pedicellus paulo tenuior, c. 0.125 
cm. longus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Goenoeng Talang, Laras Talang, 
1700 m., epiphytic in the forest. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5323, October 1918). 


In the structure of the flower this much resembles D. oracile J.J.S, 
but tie leaves are very much broader, the flowers larger and the column 
very different. 

»Flowers light green, lip with two brown streaks.” (BÜNNEMEIJER). 

Description from one dried specimen and part of an inflorescence 
preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) liparidiflorum ]. }. S. n. sp. 

Planta pusilla, caespitosa. Rhizoma valde ramosum, initio vaginis tubu- 
losis acutis plus minusve apiculatis dense prominenter nervosis opacis 
praesertim superioribus punctatis infra pseudobulbum accrescentibus ad 
c. 2 cm. longis tectum. Pseudobulbi dense aggregati, fusiformes vel plus 
minusve ovoideo-oblongi, sicco c. 1.25--1.5 cm. longi, 0.33—0.45 cm. diam. 
Folium lanceolato-lineare, breviter acutum vel obtusum, apiculatum, basi 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 59 





acuta sulpetiolato-contractum, nervis 3 majoribus et pluribus minoribus 
subtus prominentibus, costa media supra ad basin sulcata, papyraceum, 
c. 4.25—4.75 cm. longum, 0.3—0.4 cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, 
c. 0.75—1 cm. longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbo immaturo folio fere 
evoluto synantha, laxe pluriflora, pedunculo tenuiter filiformi, c. 2.9—3.25 cm. 
longo, rachide torta, leviter flexuosa, lateraliter compresso-quadrangula, 
c. 5—6 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.35—0.375 cm. longis. Bracteae patentis- 
simae, rhombeae, acutae, apiculatae, marginibus involutae, Inerviae, parce 
punctatae, infima interdum sterilis, ad c. 0.4 cm. longae, 0.2 cm. latae. 
Flores c. 14, patentissimi, parvi, valde aperti, €. 0.4 cm. lati, 0.7 cm. longi. 
Sepalum dorsale infra medium incurvulum, apice recurvulum, subovato- 
oblongum, acutum, subulato-apiculatum, angulato-concavum cum lateribus 
convexis, Inervium, c. 0.37 cm. longum, 0.125 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia 
deorsum spectantia, divergentia, oblique ovato-oblonga, acuminata, acuta, 
subulato-apiculata, obtusangule” canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, costa 
media dorso prominente, nervo 1 tenui addito, c. 0.375 cm. longa, 0.13 cm. 
lata. Petala patentissima, incurvula, oblique sublinearia, supra basin vix 
contracta, breviter acuminata, vix erosula, leviter canaliculata cum lateribus 
convexis, costa media praesertim superne dorso prominente, Inervia, bene 
0.3 cm. longa, 0.075 cm. lata. Labellum a gynostemio patentissimum, cum 
gynostemio et ovario angulos subrectos faciens, 3lobum, supra basin 
obtusangule recurvum, callo carnoso transverso elliptico margine elevato 
margine postico stigmati arcte adpresso ad basin inter lobos laterales, 
lamella longitudinali semiovali rotundata extrorsum decumbente crassiuscula 
in utraque calli parte ad basin loborum lateralium, explanatum totum c. 0.27 
cm. longum, 0.3 cm. ad lobos laterales latum; lobi laterales basilares, 
patentissimi, adscendentes, cum lobo intermedio angulum obtusum facientes, 
oblique trianguli, margine postico basi in lobulum rotundato-triangulum 
reversum dilatati, ceterum erosi, medio vel paulo supra medium obtusangule 
incurvi subulatique, c. 0.1 cm. longi, 0:06 cm. lati; lobus intermedius 
oblongus, ultra medium leviter dilatatus, deinde angustatus irregulariter 
marginatus et breviter acute apiculato-acuminatus, rectus, leviter convexus, 
apice recurvulus et canaliculatus, dorso concavus cum costa longitudinali, 
fere 0.25 cm. longus, 0.8 cm. latus. Gynostemium breve, latum, ambitu 
late ovatum, dorso obtusangule convexum, subtus concavum, 3lobum, 
c. 0.13 cm. longum, alis lateralibus in dimidio inferiore, patentibus, oblique 
rotundato-quadrangulis, margine antico ala apicali anguste obtectis, ala api- 
cali bene brevioribus, ala apicali subsemiorbiculari, truncato-rotundata, inte- 
gerrima, filamento friangulo, pede obsoleto. Anthera sub ala abscondita, 
cucullata, late ovato-triangula, apice leviter contracta, truncata, basi reverse 
bilobula, connectivo crasse gibboso, c. 0.06 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, geminata, 
pyriformi-clavata, caudiculis inaequilongis filiformibus, c. 0.05 cm. longa. 
Rostellum patens, subsemiorbiculare, apice recurvulum, incurvule apiculatum, 
medio canaliculatum. Stigma transversum, margine inferiore valde elevatum 


60 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





subtruncatumque. Ovarium 6Gsulcatum, c. 0.125 cm. longum; pedicellus 
0.2 cm. longus. Capsula patens, fusiformis, basi valde contractus, taeniolis 
3 linearibus, cum basi contracta c, 0.1 cm. longa c. 0.85 longa, 0.35 cm. 
diam., pedicello 0.15 cm. longo. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Goenoeng Talang, Laras Talang, 
1700 m., epiphytic in the forest, (H, À. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 5235, October 1918). 


À very interesting small species, the flowers of which look like those 
of a Liparis of the section P/atystylis. Especially remarkable are the calli 
of the lip and the broad column. 

,Inflorescence and flowers light violet”. (BüNNEMEIJER). 

Description from herbarium and an inflorescence preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrochilum (sect. Platyclinis) pholidotoides ]J.].S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma valde ramosum, teres, radicans, vaginis tubulosis acutis sicco 
superne prominenter nervosis opacis obscure punctatis ad c. 2.5 cm. longis, 
ramis patentibus. Pseudobulbi rhizoma continui, cum eo angulum acutum 
facientes, c. 1.2—1.6 cm. dissiti, sicco anguste ovoidei, c. 0.5—:i.8 cm. 
longi, 1folii. Folium lanceolatum, breviter acutum, apiculatum, basi acuta 
sensim in petiolum angustatum, nervis majoribus c. 5 subtus in sicco 
prominentibus, nervis pluribus tenuibus interpositis, papyraceum, c. 6.25 — 
8 cm. longum, 0.9—12 cm. latum; petiolus canaliculatus, c. 0.8—1 cm. 
longus. Inflorescentia in pseudobulbis immaturis, folio evoluto synantha, 
erecta, laxe multiflora, pedunculo tenui, c, 7.25—8.5 cm. longo, rachide 
flexuosa, a latere compresso-quadrangula, lateribus canaliculatis, parcissime 
muriculato-puberula, c. 6.5—7.5 cm. longa, internodiis c. 0.3—0.4 cm. longis. 
Bracteae persistentes, rachidem semiamplectentes, marginibus involutis pedi- 
cellum includentes, ovarium pedicellatum aequantes vei paulo breviores, 
semiovales, rotundatae, 5nerviae, c. 0.3 cm. longae, 0.37 cm. latae, 2 
inferiores steriles adpressae. Flores parvi, patentissimi, c. 0.4 cm. lati, 
sepalis petalisque incurvis. Sepalum dorsale ovale, rotundatum, concavum, 
3nervium, €. 0.325 cm. longum, 0.225 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia labello 
subtus adpressa, oblique ovata, obtusa, concava, 3nervia, c. 0,34 cm. longa, 
0.225 cm. lata. Petala oblique subovalia, obtusa, basi lata sed medio tantum 
affixa, concava, basi excepta minute erosula, 2nervia, fere 0.3 cm. longa, 
0.15 cm, lata. Labellum porrectum, immobile, sigmoideum, 3lobum, inferne 
valde subsaccato-concavum, 5nervium, ecallosum, explanatum c. 0.33 cm., 
usque apicem Jloborum lateralium 0.17 cm. longum; lobi laterales 
basilares, patentes, rotundati, antice in lobulum liberuüîm parvum porrectum 
triangulum producti, basi excepta eroso-denticulati, hypochylium transverse 
oblongum basi breviter cuneato-angustatum c. 0.32 cm. latum formantes; 
lobus intermedius latissimus, valde revolutus, convexus, ambitu late et 
breviter triangulus, apice late rotundatus et in lobulum brevem rotundatum 
productus, basi truncatus, basi apiceque exceptis erosus, hypochylio latior, 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X, 61 





c. 0,175 cm. longus, 0.4 cm. latus. Gynostemium breve, dorso convexum, 
utrinque infra stigma brachiolo subpatentissimo oblique lineari obtuso 
recto donatum, c. 0.2 em. longum, clinandrii margine postico conspicuo, 
aequilateraliter trapeziformi, truncato, Concavo, dorso convexo. Anthera 
cucullata, triangula, longe anguste obtuse acuminata, basi lobulato-truncata, 
bene 0.1 cm. longa, connectivo convexo-costulato. Rostellum magnum, 
porrectum, apicem clinandrii longe superans, triangulum, leviter acuminatum, 
anguste obtusum, concavum, supra subtusque costula longitudinali instructum. 
Stigma prominens, oblique cupuliforme, semiorbiculare, margine inferiore 
rotundato elevatum. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.1 cm. longum; pedicellus 
paulo tenuior, c. 0.25 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Laras Talang, Boekit Niroe, 1600 
m., in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIER n. 5574, November 1918). 


À rather puzzling plant, which in some points is intermediate between 
Pholidota and Dendrochilum. In habit it resembles a small Pholidota, the 
inflorescence might be that of a Dendrochilum, in the very concave base 
of the lip without calli and in the form of the footless column especially 
that of the prominent rostellum and stigma it again is a Pholidota, but 
the erose side lobes of the lip and the small arms of the column suggest 
a Dendrochilum. 

The flowers are described as very light green, but in the dried flowers 
there is a distinct oval brown band, 

Description from herbarium material and an inflorescence preserved 
in alcohol. 


Microstylis ternatensis J.].S. n. sp. 

Caulis erectus, 0.9 cm. longus, basi vaginatus, c. 5folius. Folia erecto- 
patentia, divergentia, oblique oblongo-elliptica, acuminata, acuta, basi in 
petiolum contracta, 5nervia, mediana c. 18—19 cm. longa, 5.5—6.25 cm. 
lata, inferiora et superiora minora; petiolus canaliculatus, cum vagina ad 
c, 5,5 cm. longus, superiores breviores. Inflorescentia laxius multiflora, 
diu flores gignens, pedunculo- ce. 13.5 cm. longo, vaginula bracteiformi 
instructo, rachide 23 cm. superante. Bracteae reflexae, subulatae, acutae, 
luerviae, ad c. 0.7 cm. longae. Flores mediocres. Sepalum dorsale 
oblongum, obtusum, convexum, 3nervium, bene 0.4 em. longum, 0.2 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia oblique erecta, divergentia, oblique ovata, obtusa, 
convexa, 3nervia, c. 0,375 cm. longa, 0.14 cm. lata. Petala divergentia, 
oblique oblongo-spathulata, obtusa, leviter retusa, convexa, Inervia, c. 0.35 cm. 
longa, 0.14 cm. lata. Labellum hippocrepidiforme, 3nervium, nervis exte- 
rioribus bene ramosis, basi lamella humili transversa basi gynostemii 
adpressa instructum, fovea lineari-oblonga utrinque fascia satis lata convexa 
limitata basin lobuli intermedii attingente, lobulo intermedio producto, 
incurvulo, concavo, ovato, basi lato, apice obtuso, breviter emarginato, 


62 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





dentibus c. 4 manifeste brevioribus subaequilongis oblique anguste trian- 
gulis acutis utrinque, dentibus exterioribus latioribus et paulo brevioribus, 
auriculis remotis, divergentibus, triangulis, obtusis, explanatum c. 0.33 cm. 
cum auriculis €. 0.125 cm. longum, 0.5 cm. latum, lobulo intermedio 
c. 0.12 cm. longo, 0.16 cm. lato, auriculis margine interiore 0.25 cm. longis, 
basi 0.3 cm. latiss Gynostemium cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens 
(incurvum), a dorso compressum, oblongo-quandrangulum, apicem versus 
leviter dilatatum, c. 0.14 cm. longum, auriculis porrectis, parallelis, verti- 
calibus, quandrangulis, obtusis vel plus minusve truncatis, antheram superan- 
tibus. Anthera plane cucullata, transverse ovali-reniformis, 0.07 cm. lata. 
Ovarium pedicellatum obtusangule curvatum, 6costulatum, 0.6 cm. longum. 


Ternate: Toramadiahi, 650 m, (V. M. A. BEGUIN n. 1109, Novem- 
ber 1920). 


The nearest ally of this species seems to be M. horielensis J. J.S. from 
Ambon, from which it differs in the few-leaves, the colour of the flowers, 
the fewer shorter and less unequal teeth of the lip. 

,Leaves shining, flowers dirty yellow, crown (lip?) dark violet”. (BEGUIN). 

Description from one dried specimen. 


Podochilus forficuloides J. J. S. n. sp. 

Caules elongati, ramosi, repentes, radicantes, deinde adscendentes, 
tenuiter filiformes, internodiis €. 0.15—0.16 cm, longis. Folia parva, patentia, 
basi leviter torta, apice recurvula, lanceolata, acuta, longe filiformi-apiculata, 
5nervia, praeter costam mediam canaliculata, ad c. 0.675 cm. longa, apiculo 
fere 0.1 cm. longo, 0.17 cm. lata; vaginae tubulosae. Inflorescentiae termi- 
nales, deinde ramulo novello pseudolaterales, brevissimae, c. 2-—3florae, 
pedunculo cum rachide c. 0.15—0.2 cm. longo. Bracteae laxe adpressae, 
ovatae, longe acuminatae, acutissimae, concavae. Flores parvi, c. 0.325 cm. 
longi, ad sepala lateralia 0.175 cm. lati. Sepalum dorsale erectum, apice 
recurvulum, carnosulum, parte inferiore valde concavum et tenuius, trian- 
oulum, $/, partibus superioribus contractum, obtusum, breviter conico-api- 
culatum, Inervium, €. 0.2 cm. longum, 0.1 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia 
lata saccato-concava ad partem inferiorem pedis gynostemii decurrentia, 
marginibus anticis usque ad medium connata, mentum conspicuum ovario 
adpressum latum saccatum a dorso compressum antice canaliculo lato longi- 
tudinali bilobum apice subtruncatum c. 0.15 cm. longum et latum formantia, 
partibus liberis divergentia, oblique triangula, obtusa, minute apiculata, cana- 
liculata, praesertim dorso medio carnosulo-incrassata, Inervia, c. 0.16 cm. 
in toto 0,3 cm. longa, parte libera 0.1 cm. lata. Petala cum labello conni- 
ventia, oblique lanceolata, in !/, parte supra basin obtusangule falcata, supra 
basin leviter contracta, acuta, apice paulo incrassata, concava, Inervia, c. 
0,13 cm. longa, 0.03 cm. lata. Labellum apici pedis gynostemii insertum, recur- 
vulum, marginibus praesertim ad basin anguste incurvis, ovato-triangulum, 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X, 63 
apicem versus sensim angustatum, acutum, intus incrassationibus 2 
longitudinalibus convexis humilibus instructum, 3nervium, basi appendicibus 
2 reversis divergentibus plus minusve incurvis linearibus subteretibus ob- 
tusis c. 0.07 cm. longis donatum, c. 0.16 cm., cum appendicibus c. 0.23 cm. 
longum, lamina 0.075 cm. lata. Gynostemium breve, 0.13 cm. longum, 
clinandrio alte excavato, filamento dentiformi, auriculis ad basin rostelli 
utrinque dentem formantibus. Anthera cucullata, triangula, apice altius triden- 
tata, dente intermedio paulo longiore et angustiore, basi leviter exciso-trun- 
cata, connectivo leviter triangulo-gibboso, c. 0.08 cm. longa. Rostellum 
porrectum, triangulum, alte acute bidentatum. Stigma alte excavatum, subor- 
biculare. Pes gynostemii ovario adpressus, tenuis, linearis, inferne longitudine 
c. 0.14 cm. sepalis lateralibus adnatus, parte superiore (vel ungue labelli ?) 
libera, sursum curva. Ovarium pedicellatum c. 0.175 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintji Peak, 1500—1700 m., epiphytical in 
forest, common. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 8531, 8690, 8719, 8789, 8905, 
March 1920). 


A distinct species allied to P. fenuis LNDL. and P, serpyllifolius LNDL. 
The flowers are purple with a white mentum. 
Description from herbarium and inflorescences preserved in alcohol. 


Appendicula Theunissenii J. J. S. n. Sp. 

Caules approximati, simplices, tenues, teretes, c. 23 cm. longi, bene 
0.2 cm. diam., internodiis c. 0,7—0.9 cm. longis. Folia patentia, basi leviter 
torta, recurvula, linearia, apicem versus angustata, inaequaliter bidentata 
cum mucrone longiore interposito, inferne obtusangule canaliculata, costa 
media supra sulcata subtus prominente, nervo 1 conspicuo utrinque, papyracea» 
ad c. 6 cm. loñga, 0.55 cm. lata; vaginae tubulosae, apice antice excisae, 
internodia bene superantes. Inflorescentiae terminales et e nodis superioribus, 
recurvulae, paulo ramosae, laxe pluiriflorae, 2 cm. superantes, pedunculo 
c. 0.9 cm. longo, nonnullis vaginulis adpressis donato. Bracteae reflexae, 
ovatae, acutae, concavae, 3nerviae, ad c. 0.34 cm. longae, superiores 
minores et relative latiores. Flores c. 0.55 cm. longi, sepalis petalisque 
conniventibus. Sepalum dorsale ovarium fere continuum, oblongo-triangulum, 
obtusiusculum, concavum, 3nervium, c. 0.34 cm. longum, 0.2 cm. latum. 
Sepala lateralia lacinia oblique late quadrangulo-oblonga concava ad pedem 
gynostemii decurrentia, mentum reversum cum ovario angulum acutum 
faciens oblongo-ovale subcylindricum apice rotundatum c. 0.24 cm. longum 
formantia, margine antico libera, parte antica divergentia, oblique triangula, 
acuta, leviter apiculata, 3nervia, costa media dorso prominente, bene 0.3 
cm., usque menti apicem 0,5 cm. longa, basi 0.34 cm. metientia. Petala 
parallela, oblique oblonga, apicem versus sensim paulum dilatata, obtusa, 
brevissime obtuse apiculata, apice suberosula, 1nervia, €. 0.3 cm. longa, 
0.12 cm. lata. Labellum erectum, pedi gynostemii adpressum, recurvulum, 


64 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





gynostemium bene superans, spathulatum, canaliculatum, appendice condu- 
plicata anguste \/formi satis alta basi unguem paululum superante cruribus 
antice decurrente et ad basin laminae satis abrupte rotundato-terminante 
in basi, basi 5nervium, explanatum c. 0.55 cm. longum, ungue oblongo, 
c. 0.35 cm. longo, medio 0.16 cm. lato, lamina obreniformi, lobulis rotun- 
datis sinu obtusangulo separatis minute crenulata, callo parvo infra sinum, 
0.2 cm. longa, 0.275 cm. lata. Gynostemium ovarium continuum, rectum, 
dorso convexum, margine in utraque stigmatis parte in auriculam patentem 
rotundatam denticulo minimo instructam dilatatum, subtus medio ad basin 
convexo-incrassatum, €, 0.175 cm. longum, clinandrio excavato, subsemior- 
biculari cum costula longitudinali. Anthera breviter cordata, breviter obtuse 
acuminata, utrinque dente breviore donata, basi leviter gibbosa, c. 0.08 
cm. lata. Pollinia 6, inaequalia, oblique obovata, ad 0.03 cm, longa, stipite 
0.06 cm. longo bipartito, laciniis oblique ellipticis. Rostellum e basi lata abrupte 
contractum, 2dentatum. Stigma angulato-subsemiorbiculare. Pes gynostemii 
cum oOvario angulum acutum faciens, apice valde incurvus, late linearis, 
marginibus erectis canaliculatus cum costa longitudinali a gynostemio 
decurrente, c. 0.23 cm. longus. Ovarium cum pedicello c. 0.05 cm. longum, 
6sulcatum. 


Sumatra: West coast, Natal, Air Tagelang. (A. V. THEUNISSEN, 
cult,. in hort. E. JACOBSON, Fort de Kock, n. 1525). 


In some respects this species appears to be similar to À. rupestris 
RIDL. It differs, however, in the longer linear leaves and especially in the 
. form of the lip, which is described by RIDLEY and SCHLECHTER as 
being ecallose. 

In the form of the lip À. Zheunissenii much resembles À. forta BL. 
and À. babiensis J. J. S., but it is totally different in habit. 

,Terrestrial. Bracts green with transparent margins. Ovary and pedicel 
light green sometimes tinged with brownish purple, with a brownish purple 
ring at the top of the ovary. Sepals and petals transparently light green, 
the mentum white hardly tinged with greenish. Lip white. Column light 
green, the stigma bordered purple. Rostellum with 2 purple spots. Anther 
yellowish with a purple spot.” (E. JACOBSON). 

Description from a plant preserved in alcohol. 


Appendicula brevimentum J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér. 
Il (1920), 36. 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintjii Peak, 2000 m., epiphytical in forest. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 9562, April 1920). 


Though the material collected on Korintji Peak is very poor, it proves 
that the stems are branched. 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X, 65 





The collector describes the flowers as white with two violet streaks 
on the petals. 


Appendicula (sect. Fissanthera) kinabaluensis J. J. S. comb. nov. — 
Chilopogon kinabaluense AMES! Orch. VI (1920), 141. 


A few particulars may be added to AMES’ description. 

The bracts are scattered not distichous as in the section Chilopogon. 
The mentum is inflated at the apex, contracted at the base. The lip has 
a broad very concave claw adnate to the column foot, the epichyl is not 
much broader, convex and possesses a longitudinal ridge. The anther is 
rounded with a rather deeply cordate base and a gibbous connective, 
produced at the apex into a conspicuous bifid beak narrower than the 
anther, with the lacinia nearly parallel and acute. There are 6 clavate 
pollinia very much narrowed towards the base, 2 much shorter caudiculae 
and a single \/-shaped glandula. The rostellum is projecting and bidentate. 

The plant belongs to the section Fissanthera. I is most nearly related 
to À. floribunda SCHLTR., which, however, seems to be a larger plant with 
much longer generally branched inflorescences, the mentum hardly inflated 
at the apex, a shorter claw to the lip and the teeth of the anther curved 
outward. 

[ think that À. Merrillii ÂMES belongs to the same affinity. 


Arundina revoluta HOOK. F. FI. Br. Ind. V (1800), 858; Ridi. Mat. 
FI. Mal. Penins. 1 (1907), 124. 

var. borneensis |. J. S. n. var. 

Rhizoma valde ramosum. Caules ad c. 15 cm. dissiti, erecti, plus 
minusve debiles, teretes, post florescentiam plus minusve ramosi, ad c. 75 
cm. longi, 0.45 cm. diam., internodiis ad c. 3 cm: longis, superioribus 
decrescentibus. Folia erecto-patentia, recurva, graminea, anguste linearia, 
apicem versus sensim angustata, oblique acuta vel saepe subulata, basi 
bene semiamplexicaulia, supra canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, costa 
media subtus obtuse prominente, nervo | majore supra sulcato utrinque, 
papyracea, supra vix nitidula, subtus opaca pallidiora nervis tantum obscu- 
rioribus, c. 14-17 cm. longa, 0.45—0.7 cm. lata; vaginae tubulosae, caulem 
omnino obtegentes, dilute virides, ad c. 0.45 —0.5 cm. diam. Inflorescentia 
simplex, laxe multiflora, pedunculo nitide dilute viridi, ©. 2—323 cm. 
longo, vagina foliacea donato, rachide dilute viridi, nitida, ad c. 13 cm. longa. 
Bracteae patentes, e basi tubulosa triangulae, plus minusve subulato-acuminatae, 
acutae, valde concavae, semipellucide virescenti-albidae, superne pallide 
flavo-virides, nitidae, c. 0.95-—1.25 cm. longae, superiores minores. Flores 
parvuli, teneri, pallide purpurei, c. 4,3 cm. lati et longi, sepalis erecto- 
patentibus, recurvis, dorso nitidis. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, acuminatum, 
acutum, canaliculatum cum lateribus convexis, superne albidum, apice 
pallide viride, c. 3 cm. longum, 0.8 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia sub labello 


66 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





porrecta, subparallela, oblique lanceolata, subulato-acuminata, acuta, valde 
angulato-canaliculata cum lateribus convexis, costa media subtus prominente, 
apice pallide viridia, c. 3 cm. longa, 0.8 cm. lata. Petala porrecta, recurva, 
subspathulato-rhombea, apice leviter triangulo-contracta, brevissime acute 
acuminata, basi apiceque albida, c. 3.2 cm. longa, basi 0.15 cm., in #/; 
partibus supra basin 1.3 cm. lata. Labellum marginibus loborum lateralium 
incurvis contiguis tubulosum, gynostemium includens, apice valde recurvum 
et undulatum, subtrilobum, subtus'sulcis 2 Ilongitudinalibus instructum, intus 
3costatum, costis exterioribus altioribus supra basin altissimis et in dentem 
reversum falcatum crenulatum exeuntibus basi crenulatis deinde leviter rugu- 
losis in basi lobi intermedii crispatis crenulatisque deinde sensim evanescentibus 
papillosisque, costa intermedia multo minore sed apice quam exteriores 
magis conspicua et papillosa, intus papillosum, subtus albidum, intus fascia 
mediana usque sinum Jlobi intermedii alba longitudinaliter purpuree 
striolata et punctata, explanatum © 34 cm., usque apicem loborum 
lateralium 2.35 cm. longum, ad lobos laterales 2.55 cm. latum ; lobi laterales 
incurvi, a lobo intermedio sinu tantum sejuncti, antice rotundati et undulati, 
dilute purpurei, explanati hypochylium e basi subrotundata obverse trian- 
gulum formantes; lobus intermedius valde recurvus, semiovalis, rotundatus, 
breviuscule rotundato-bilobus cum apiculo conico albo in sinu, valde 
undulatus, fascia mediana excepta purpureus, c. 1.45 cm. longus, 1.7 cm. 
latus, lobulis c. 0.45 cm. longis. Gynostemium gracile, vix curvulum, 
album, dorso versus apicem purpureo-suffusum, subtus subtiliter longi- 
tudinaliter purpureo-striolatum, c. 1.6 cm. longum, apice 0.33 cm. latum, 
clinandrio quadrato, praesertim medio alte excavato, margine eroso, margine 
postico bidentato, auriculis late triangulis, interdum emarginatis, erosulis. 
Anthera cucullata, apice dilatata et submembranaceo-producta, late rotundata 
emarginataque, basi bilobula, alba, c. 0.22 cm. lata. Pollinia 8, inaequalia, 
a latere compressa, pallide flava, oblonga, 2 postica minima trapeziformia. 
Rostellum magnum, convexum, plicis conspicuis 3lobulum, album, gyno- 
stemio aequilatum. Stigma parvum, sub rostello recurvo absconditum, alte 
excavatum, margine inferiore elevato, recurvo, aequilateraliter trapeziformi, 
2dentato. Ovarium Gsulcatum, pallide viridi-flavum, facie soli exposita 
purpureo-suffusum, €. 1.65 cm. longum. Capsula subcylindrico-oblonga, 
facie inferiore subapplanata, valde 6costata, apice obtusa et floris reliquiis 
coronata, basi abrupte in pedicellum contracta, c. 2.7 cm. longa, 0.75 cm. 
diam., rimis 6 in-valvas lineares basi apiceque connatas dehiscens, pedicello 
c. 0.7 cm. longo. 


Borneo: In the Western part. (O. GRAVENHORST, liv. pl, cult, in Hort, 
J. J. SMITH). Soengei Ikang. (Exp. A. W. NIEUWENHUIS 1896 —’07, JAHERI 
nl, 1169): 


A. revoluta HOOK F. was apparently described from living specimens, 
the colour of the flowers being given rather fully. If so the variety described 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 07 





above should be raised to specific rank, as the leaves or the margins of 
the leaves are not revolute but in a dried state. Another disparity is found 
in the colour. HOOKER describes the lip as yellow within, RIDLEY with a 
pale yellow blotch, whereas in my plant there is no trace of that colour 
to be found on the labellum. 

As far as | have seen the species I think that just the yellow blotch 
on the lip is one of the easiest characteristics to separate the species of 
this difficult genus. But in the first place very full descriptions are wanted. 

In the young flower the midlobe of the lip is recurved. Aîfterwards it 
is more or less curved upwards with the sides deflexed as in À. bambust- 
folia LNDL. 

Description from a living plant. 


© Calanthe (sect. Styloglossum) aureiflora J. J. S. n. sp. 

Pseudobulbi ad c. 2.5 cm. distantes, parvi, ©. 3—5folii, nonnulis vaginis 
ad c. 16 cm. longis ad basin. Folia lanceolata, sensim longius acuminata, 
acuta, basi sensim in petiolum angustata, glabra, nervis majoribus c. 7 subtus 
prominentibus, ad c. 21—50 cm. longa, 2.9—6.2 cm. lata; petiolus canali- 
culatus, costatus, cum vagina c. 10—30 cm. longus. Inflorescentia axillaris, 
erecta, dense multiflora, pedunculo c. 26—55 cm. longo, vaginis c. 7—8 
tubulosis superne fissis persistentibus donato, rachide obtuse angulata, c. 1.2— 
5 cm. longa. Bracteae caducae, lanceolatae, sensim longius acutissime acu- 
minatae, superne obtusangule incurvae, valde concavae, c. 5nerviae, minores 
c. 1.9 cm. longae. Flores pulvinis inserti, quaquaversi, Sepalum dorsale 
subobovato-ovale, apice longius subulato-apiculatum, et canaliculatum, con- 
cavum, basi leviter convexum, 3- sub5nervium, totum c. 1.3 cm. longum, 
0.6 cm. latum, apiculo 0.15 cm. longo. Sepala lateralia oblique subobovato- 
oblonga, basi obliqua basin calcaris amplectentia, in subulam longiusculam 
canaliculatam acuminata, 3- sub5nervia, tota ©. 1.3 cm., margine antico 
1.45 cm. longa, 0.6 cm lata, apiculo 0.14 cm. longo. Petala e basi cuneato- 
unguiculata subovalia, late obtusa, abrupte subulato-apiculata, concava, 
dorso longitudinaliter sulcata, 3nervia, c. 1.3 cm. longa, fere 0.6 cm. lata. 
Labellum 3lobum, calcaratum, totum c. 2.3 cm. longum, parte gynoste- 
mio adnata c. 0.63 cm. longa, tubum bene lateraliter compressum antice 
bene altiorem et oblique truncatum subtus sulcatum et leviter sigmoideum 
apice c. 0.5 cm. altum formante; lamina porrecta, subtus sulcata, c. 0.75 
cm. longa, ad lobos laterales 0.675 cm. lata, lamellis 2 altis longitudinalibus 
parallelis lateraliter compressis semiovalibus rotundatis basin lobi intermedii 
attingentibus inter lobos laterales; lobi laterales patentissimi, oblique ovato- 

‘ trianguli, margine postico rotundati, margine antico subrecti, obtusi, con- 
vexi; lobus intermedius porrectus, suborbicularis, apice rotundato-bilobus 
cum apiculo recurvo in sinu, convexus, 3costulatus, costula intermedia 
inter lamellas basilares decurrente, c. 0.475 cm. longus, 0.6 cm latus ; calcar 
reversum, cum labello angulum obtusum, cum ovario angulum acutum 


= 





68 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 


faciens, vix sigmoideum, clavatum, c. !/; parte apicaliinflatum et leviter a 
dorso compressum, obtusum, leviter retusum, subtus sulcatum, c. 1.1 cm. 
longum. Gynostemium alis latis ungui labelli adnatum, tubum superans, 
leviter sigmoideum, dorso infra antheram rotundato-gibbosum, c. 0,8 cm. 
longum, clinandrio excavato, apice trilobulo-denticulato, auriculis breviter 
triangulis, extus convexis. Anthera cucullata, ovato-orbicularis, obtusa cum 
apiculo minuto recurvo, connectivo costulam convexam praesertim basin 
versus incrassatam formante, c. 0.18 cm. lata. Pollinia 8, paulum inaequalia, 
oblique pyriformi-clavata. Stigma semilunatum. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.85 
cm, longum; pedicellus multo tenuior, c. 1 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: West coast, Goenoeng Malintang, 1600 m., in forest. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 3947, July 1918). As quoted, 1800 m. (FH. A. 
B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 4116, July 1918, fruiting). As quoted, 2000 m., in 
underbrush. (H A.B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 4254, August 1918). Goenoeng Sago, 
2000 m., in underbrush. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 4363, August 1918, 
peloric flowers). 


This seems to be near C. albo-lufea RIDL. but the plant is much 
smalier, with yellow flowers, the sepals and petals are not ovate and the 
lip has blunt side-lobes, a nearly orbicular midlobe and a slightly curved 
spur. 

The flowers of n. 4363 are peloric with the lip free from the clavate 
column, and similar to the petals. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


Calanthe (sect. Styloglossum) clavicalcar J.]J.S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma breve, radicibus crassis, villosis. Pseudobulbi approximati, 
parvi, basi foliorum onnino obtecti, c. 4folii, nonnullis vaginis ad c. 8cm 
longis ad basin. Folia erecta, petiolata, anguste lanceolata, longissime et 
anguste angustata, basi acuta, glabra, nervis majoribus c. 5 subtus promi- 
nentibus, nervis tenuibus numerosis interpositis, ad c. 42-45 cm. longa, 
4.8 —3.7 cm. lata; petiolus canaliculatus, costatus, cum vagina ad c.20 cm. 
longus. Inflorescentia 1, erecta, c. 20flora, pedunculo (partim adest) vaginis 
tubulosis acutis donato, rachide angulata, glabra, c. 6 cm. longa. Bracteae 
caducae, lanceolatae, acutissime acuminatae, concavae, 5nerviae, 1.1 cm. 
vel plus longae. Flores patentes. Sepalum dorsale ellipticum, brevissime 
acute canaliculato-apiculato-acuminatum, basi latum, concavum, 5-—7nervium, 
c. 1.25 —1.45 cm. longum, 0.675—0.825 cm. latum, Sepala lateralia recurvula, 
basin calcaris amplectentia, oblique oblonga, breviter ad longe subulato- 
acuminata, cConcava, C. 7nervia, c. 1.2—1.55 cm. longa, 0.55 —0,6 cm. lata. : 
Petala e basi unguiculata oblique elliptica, obtusa acuta vel breviter vel 
longe apiculato-acuminata, concava, dorso longitudinaliter sulcata, 3nervia, 
c. 1.2—1.3 cm. longa, 0.7—0.65 cm. lata. Labellum 3lobum, calcaratum, 
c, 1.8—2.1 cm. longum, parte gynostemio adnata canaliculata c. 0.6 cm. 





SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 69 


longa; lamina obtusangule recurva, costis 2 parallelis brevibus convexis 
ad basin inter lobos laterales, explanata c. 0.6—0.75 cm. longa, ad lobos 
laterales c. 0.6 cm. lata; lobi latgrales patentes, apice plus minusve recurvi, 
breves, oblique late rotundato-trianguli vel rotundato-subquadranguli, basi 
lati, plus minusve irregulariter marginati, convexi; lobus intermedius cum 
lobis lateralibus angulos obtusos faciens, rectangule oblongus, apice trun- 
cato-rotundatus, brevissime vel conspicue apiculatus, 3nervius, c. 0.4—0.47 

m. longus, 0.25 cm. latus; calcar reversum, cum ovario angulum acutum, 
cum ungue labelli angulum obtusum faciens, clavatum, leviter lateraliter com- 
pressum, apice plus minusve recurvum, obtusum, c. 1.1—1.2 cm. longum. 
Gynostemium tota longitudine ungui labelli in formam tubi lateraliter compressi 
adnatum, dorso convexum, apicem versus incrassatum, cum rostello c. 0.775 — 
0.85 cm. longum, clinandrio concavo, apice late rotundato denticulatoque, 
auriculis distinctis, dentatis. Anthera cucullata, ovata, longe acuminato-angus- 
tata, acuta, basi cordata, connectivo inter thecas convexo-costato, c. 0.35 cm. 
longa. Pollinia 8, inaequalia, clavata, lateraliter compressa, apice rotundata, 
cum glandula elongata angusta c. 0.45 cm. longa Rostellum cum gynostemio 
angulum obtusum faciens, e basi triangulo-dilatata longissime subulatum, 
‘gynostemium superans. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.9—1.2 cm. longum; er 
cellus tenuior, c. 1.2—1.4 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: L. Koto, Boekit Tinggi near Mangani, 1100 m., in the forest. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIER n. 2007, June 1918). Brani, 900 m., in forest. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 3328, June 1918). 


Allied to C. aurantiaca RIDL., but according to the short description 
differing in the larger flowers, the petals not being broader than the sepals, 
the lip with two convex not semiovate keels, the clubbed spur. 

N. 2907 is represented only by an abnormal specimen, the inflore- 
scence being terminal. 

The flowers are described as orange. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol. 


Calanthe (sect. Eucalanthe) veratrifolia R. BR. in Bot. Reg. IX 
n925); 1 210; ete. 


var. dupliciloba J. J. S. n. var. 

Flores minores, albi. Labelli calcar ovario pedicellato multo brevius ; 
lamina ad basin callis flavis ornata, callis muriciformibus quam in typo 
numerosioribus antepositis; lobi laterales laciniis Ilobi intermedii bene brevi- 
ores, bilobulati, lobulo postico brevissimo, lobulo antico oblongo; lobus 
intermedius cuneatus, bipartitus, laciniis angustis, oblique oblongis, deinde 
pallide auranticacus. 


Ceram: Amahei, Goenoeng Laimo. (L. M. R. RUTTEN, liv. pl. cult. 
in Hort. Bog. sub. n. 124). 





70 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 


A number of plants were sent to the Buitenzorg Gardens and showed 
all the same characteristics. 

The variety differs cffiefly from the form with a short spur and narrow 
side-lobes in the small flowers, the bilobed side-lobes and more numerous 
calli at the base of the lip. 

Description from living plants. 


Calanthe (sect. Eucalanthe) transiens J.]J.S. n. sp. 

Folia petiolata, lanceolata, acute acuminata, basi sensim in petiolum 
angustata, glabra, nervis c. 7(—9) majoribus subtus prominentibus, sicco 
membranacea, c. 28-41 cm. longa, 6.5—9 cm. lata; petiolus canaliculatus, 
costatus, cum vagina c. 13—17 cm. longus. Inflorescentiae erectae, densius 
multiflorae, pedunculo puberulo, c. 62—64 cm. longo, vaginulis c. 3 puberulis 
ad c. 4 cm. longis donato, rachide brevissime puberula, c. 14 cm. longa. 
Bracteae elongatae, anguste ovato-lanceolatae ad lanceolato-lineares, apicem 
versus angustatae brevissime puberulae, ad c. 3.5-—4.75 cm. longae, basi 
0.8 cm. latae. Flores mediocres, sepalis dorso brevissime puberulis. Sepalum 
dorsale oblongo-ellipticum, acuminatum, apice canaliculato recurvulum, basi 
3- supra basin 5nervium, c. 1.75 cm. longum, 0.75 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia 
oblique oblongo-elliptica, falcatula, apice canaliculato recurvula, obtusa cum 
apiculo subulato, basi 3- supra basin 5nervia, c. 1.8 cm. longa, 0.8 cm. lata. 
Petala oblique oblongo-elliptica, breviter obtuse concavo-apiculata et recurvula, 
3nervia, c.‘1.6 cm. longa, 0.67 cm. lata. Labellum inferne gynostemio tota 
jongitudine adnatum, calcaratum, ungue pilis raris instructo, lamina alte 
tripartita, seriebus 3 verrucarum basi connatarum inter lobos laterales, seriebus 
exterioribus basi quam intermedia altioribus, intermedia plus minusve in lobum 
intermedium producta, explanata C. 1.7 cm. longa, ad lobos laterales 2.1 cm. 
lata, lobis lateralibus basilaribus, patentibus, oblique oblongis, acutatis vel 
subacuminatis, basi satis latis, margine antico rotundatis, c. 0.95 cm. longis, 
0.5-0.575 cm. latis, lobo intermedio cuneato-spathulato, usque */; partes 
infra apicem vel minus bilobo, c. 1.15 cm. longo, basi 0325 cm., superne 
bene 1 cm. lato, lobulis divergentibus, oblique ovalibus ad oblongis, rotun- 
datis vel subtruncatis, antice crenulatis, c. 0 50.55 cm. longis, 0.5 em. latis, 
calcari reverso, recto, clavato, obtuso, parce puberulo, c. 1.4 cm. longo. 
Gynostemium tota longitudine basi labelli adnatum, basi contractum, oblique 
obconicum, margine inferiore vix curvulum, dorso sigmoideum, parce pu- 
berulum, c. 0.6 cm. longum, clinandrio alte excavato, lobulo apicali rotundato, 
lobulis stigmaticis antheram bene superantibus, oblique subquadrangulis, 
angulo postico obtusis, extus convexis. Anthera alte cucullata, a dorso 
compressa, semiorbicularis, antice anguste membranaceo-marginata et in 
rostrum recurvulum abrupte contracta, bene 0.2 cm. lata. Pollinia 8, inaequalia, 
clavata. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 1 cm. longum, cum pedicello 2.1 cm. longo 
brevissime puberulum. 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X, 71 





Sumatra: West coast, Korintji Peak, 2100—2400 m., in forest. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 9661 pp., 9747 pp., 9895 pp., 9901 pp., 10469 
pp. (only flowers in alcohol; [ suppose that this really belongs to n. 9747), 
April and May 1920). 


This seems to be a somewhat variable plant, if indeed all the numbers 
cited above belong here, 

It differs from C. Ceciliae RCHB. F. in the long bracts, the divided 
midlobe of the lip with longer rows of warts, and the short clavate spur 
not widened at the base, from C. longibracteata RIDL. in the narrower 
segments of the lip, the rows of warts at the base of the lip, the clubshaped 
spur, from C. veratrifolia R. BR. in the long bracts, the less divided mid- 
lobe, the longer rows of warts at the base of the lip, the puberulous column. 

N. 0001 differs in the midlobe being narrower at the base and its 
lobes partly covering one another. In n. 10469 the series of warts are 
hardiy produced on the base of the midlobe. 

As all the numbers were mixed the colour of the flowers remains 
doubtful. | 

It might be an intermediate form between C. longibracteata RIDE. and 
C. crumenata RiDL. More exact observations are desirable. 

Description from herbarium and flowers preserved in alcohol (n.9747 
only). 


Amblyglottis pilosa DE VR. ex LNDL. (Folia Orch. Cal. (1854), 11) 
— Preptanthe:villosa RCHB. F. in Bonpl. V (1857, 42) is, as the figure in 
the Leiden Herbharium shows, Calanthe vestita WALL. var. sumatrana 
SCHLTR., and C. sumatfrana BL. ex BOERL. (in Midden-Sumatra IV (1884), 
33, t. V) is, | suppose, C Ceciliae RCHB. F. 


Eulophia bicolor BL. F1. Jav. Orch. (1858), 153, t..62; MiQ. FI. Ind. 
Bat. III (1855), 62. 

var. celebica J.]J.S. n. var. 

Peseudobulbi approximati, valde oblique depressi, ovales ad oblongi, 
carnosi, ©. 6.5—7.5 cm. longi, 3.2—4.8 cm. lati, basi vaginati, c. 6folii, 
internodiis valde obliquis, radicibus crassis. Folia erecta, plus minusve 
recurva, lanceolata, acute acuminata, basi in petiolum latum canalicu- 
latum angulatum inferne in vaginam tubulosam vergente angustata, 
longitudinaliter plicata, nervis c. 9—11 subtus prominentibus, firmiter 
herbacea, viridia, intermedia maxima, summa angustissima, ad c. 36— 45 cm. 
longa, 10—55 cm. lata. Inflorescentia ex innovationum vaginae inferioris 
axilla, foliis valde juvenilibus synantha, erecta, laxe multiflora, pedunculo 
tereti, dilute viridi, ce. 31 cm. longo, vaginulis c. 3—4 basi tubulosis 
ad c. 4—5.5 cm. longis donato, rachide elongata, dilute viridi, c. 31 cm. 
longa. Bracteae laxe adpressae, triangulo-lineares, acutae, concavae, 
dilute virides, ad c. 2.3 cm. longae, 0.5 cm. latae, superiores minores. 








72 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 


Flores sensim florentes, vagi, patentissimi, mediocres, leviter odorati, sepalis 
secundis, subparallelis, viridibus, apice intus sordide violaceo-suffusis, intus ad 
basin violaceo-notatis. Sepalum dorsale ovarium continuum, petalis adpressum, 
lineari-lanceolatum, apice marginibus incurvis breviter subacuminatum, 
canaliculato-concavum, nervis 5 dorso praesertim ad basin prominentibus, 
©. 1.65—1.9 cm. longum, 0.4 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia basi pedis gynostemii 
adnata, supra basin \/-formiter adscendentia, basi angulum acutum facientia, 
divergentia, oblique lineari-lanceolata, breviter acuminata, angulato-concava, 
dorso carinata, c. 1.75—2 cm. longa, 0,4—0.45 cm. lata. Petala sub sepalo 
dorsali porrecta, parallela, basi obliqua ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, 
oblique oblonga, obtusa, concava, nervis praesertim intermedio dorso 
prominulis, pallide viridia, basi vix purpurea, margine postico c. 1.4—1.7 
cm. longa, 0.64 - 0.72 cm. lata. Labellum basi ungue brevi cuneato apici 
pedis gynostemii in formam calcaris brevis conici paulum a dorso compressi 
c. 0.4 cm. longi adnatum, arcuatum, leviter trilobum, concavum, pallide 
viride, subtus basi apiceque exceptis fascia mediana longitudinali alba or- 
natum, in lobo medio intus macula alba donato, nervis 9 inter lobos laterales 
parallelis intermedio excepto bene ramosis elevatis, 5 medianis inter lobos 
laterales nitidis sordide dilute purpureis in lobo intermedio flabellato-ramosis 
colore lobi sed apicem versus sordide violaceo-suffusis, nervis in lobis 
lateralibus nitidis obscurius sordide violaceis, inexplanatum c. 1.85 cm.longum, 
explanatum ambitu e basi breviter cuneata oblongo-ovale, c. 2.15 cm. longum, 
lobis lateralibus basi latissimis, leviter rotundatis, hypochylium c. 1.45 cm. 
longum 1.325 cm. latum formantibus, lobo intermedio sinibus inconspicuis 
a lobis lateralibus sejuncto, transverse ovali, rotundato vel leviter retuso, 
laxe undulato, c. 0.7 cm. longo, 1.3 cm. lato. Gynostemium gracile, superne 
obtusangule incurvum, apice clinandrii recurvulum, superne vix incrassatum, 
dorso convexum, subtus concavum, pallide viride, basin versus virescenti- 
albidum, apice excepto purpureo-puncticulatum, absque anthera 0.8 cm. longum, 
clinandrio triangulo, apice producto. Anthera conspicua, cucullata, transverse 
subrhombea, apice latissimo medio in rostrum breve obtuse bilobulum con- 
vexum producta, thecis convexis, pallide flavescens, apice purpurascenti- 
suffusa, dorso in gibbum maximum reversum cum anthera angulum obtusum 
facientem oblongo-quadrangulum vel plus minusve ovalem retusum antice 
convexum cum canaliculo longitundinali dorso concavum violaceum basin 
versus pallidiorem anthera angustiorem 0.14 cm. latum producta, c. 0.25 cm. 
lata. Pollinia 2, a dorso compressa, triangula, angulis rotundata, dorso ad 
basin transverse fissa, collateralia, continua, corpusculum transverse oblongo- 
ellipticum formantia, flava, cum stipite breviusculo lato subovato albo et 
glandula conspicua transversa semilunata alba c. 0.16 cm. longa, fere 0.2 
cm. lata. Rostellum brevissimum. Stigma alte excavatum, marginibus incurvis 
triangulum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum acutum faciens, vix sig- 
moideus, ambitu oblongo-rhombeus, concavus, dorso inferne basi sepalorum 
lateralium incrassatione /\formi viridi instructus (vel pes bicruris cum calcari 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 73 





labelli inter crura inserto?), a parte superiore flavescenti-albida valde distinc- 
tus, c. 0.8 cm., usque ad apicem crurium 0.55 cm. longus. Ovarium 
pedicellatum tortum, 6sulcatum, viride, c: 1.75—2.4 cm. longum. 


Celebes: Makasar. (Cult. in Hort. J. OOSTENBROEK, Makasar). 
Goenoeng Pasangmalambe. (Exp. L. VAN VUUREN, RACHMAT n. 964, 
December 1913). 


The variety differs from BLUME'’S description and figure of the type 
from Timor in the blunt petals, the midlobe of the lip being as broad as 
the hypochyl, the colour of the lip and the triangular pollinia. 

The description was drawn up from a single living specimen, which was 
* purchased by Mr. J. OOSTENBROEK, Makasar, afterwards bought by Mr. 
J. SETH PAUL, who finally presented me with it. 

RACHMAT n. 964 consist of two dried inflorescences. 


Eria (sect. Mycaranthes) obliterata RCHB. F. in Bonpl. V (1857), 55 ; 
JS Cm El But. (VE "Orch. (1905), 391:;' Atlas Fig. CCXCVI; 
KRZL. in Pflanzenr. IV. 50, IL. B. 21 (1911), 89. 

var. sumatrana }.]J.S. n. var, 

Planta validior. Inflorescentiae ad fere 50 cm. longae. Flores majores, 
c. 0.75 cm. diam. Sepalum dorsale c. 0.35 cm. longum. Sepala lateralia 
MAS Car. longa,- 0:35 cm. lata. Petala 0.375 Cm. longa, 0.13 cm. lata. 
Labellum explanatum c. 0.6 cm. longum, 0.67 cm. latum ; lobus intermedius 
porrectus, angustus, infra apicem lobulis 2 distinctis recurvulis trapeziformibus 
apice irregulariter dentatis albis atroviolaceo-maculatis instructus. Pes gyno- 
stemii ruber, bene 0.3 cm. longus. Ovarium pedicellatum purpurascens, 
c. 1.25 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Agam, Boekit Batoe Banting. 
(E. JACOBSON, cult. sub n. 1133). 

Korintji Peak, 1700 m., epiphytical in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
n. 8909, March 1920). 


This differs from the Javanese type principaily in the robust habit, 
larger flowers and distinct lobules of the midlobe. 
Description from a plant cultivated in Buitenzorg. 


Eria (sect. Urostachya) erosula J.J.S. n. sp. 

Caules approximati, satis longi, tenuiusculi, non clavati (sicco), c. 32— 
33.5 cm. longi, apice 1.5—6 cm. longo 6—7folii. Folia linearia, apicem 
versus angustata, acutiuscula, 7—Onervia cum nervis tenuibus interpositis, 
sicco coriacea, c. 29—20 cm. longa, 1.5—0.85 cm. lata (sicco), inferiora 
maxima; vaginae breves. Inflorescentiae e caulis parte foliata ortae, sub- 
sessiles vel breviter pedunculatae, densius multiflorae, c. 11—12 cm. longae, 





74 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 


rachide puberula. Bracteae reflexae, oblongae vel plus minusve quinquan- 
culari-oblongae, dimidio superiore angustatae, interdum superne plus mi- 
nusve dilatatae, acutae, superne minutissime denticulatae, concavae, 3nerviae, 
c. 0.475 cm. longae, 0.175 cm. latae. Flores patentissimi vel plus minusve 
reversi, ©. 0.6 cm. lati, bene 0.9 cm. longi, sepalis dorso sparse stellato-’ 
puberulis. Sepaium dorsale erectum, cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, 
ovatum, apice breviter contractum, obtusum, concavum, 3nervium, c. 0.38 
cm. longum, 0.28 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia cum pede gynostemii mentum 
conspicuum Cum oOvario angulum acutum faciens dorso vix sigmoideum 
basi leviter constrictum apice rotundato-obtusum leviter retusum antice 
apertum c. 0.47 cm. longum ïinferne 0.275 cm. superne 0.34 cm. latum 
formantia, incurva, concava, inferne inflata, oblique late semiorbiculari-triangula, 
obtuse apiculata, 3nervia, c. 0.4 cm. longa, 0.6 cm. lata. Petala divergentia, 
apice recurvula, oblique ovata, apice contracta, acuta vel obtusa, convexa, 
Inervia, c. 0.36 cm. longa, 0.24 cm. lata. Labellum erectum, basin gynoste- 
mii attingens, undatum, concavum, 3lobum, 3nervium, explanatum totum 
c. 0.475 cm. longum; lobi laterales basilares, lamella transversa ante basin 
lobi intermedii connexi, hypochylium concavum ambitu suborbiculate basi 
truncatum apice late retusum brevissime obtuse bilobulum crenulato-erosulum 
et apice tantum pedi gynostemii adpressum medio incrassatum c. 0 22 cm. 
longum fere 0.2 cm. latum facientes; lobus intermedius erectus, spathulatus, 
canaliculatus, apice 3lobulus, c. 0.3 cm. longus, ungue cuneato-oblongo, 
C, 0.125 cm. longo, apice bene 0.1 cm. lato, lamina valde dilatata, basi late cu- 
neata et utrinque cum ungue angulum obtusum faciente, c. 0.2 cm. longa, 0.44 
cm. lata, lobulis lateralibus erectis, subparallelis, convexis, explanatis divaricatis, 
oblique oblongo-quadrangulis, plus minusve rotundatis vel truncatis, eroso- 
dentatis, Iobulo intermedio subaequilongo, obtusangule triangulo. Gynoste- 
mium brevissimum, dorso convexum, €. 0.13 cm. longum, clinandrio 
majusculo, excavato, pariete postico truncato. Athera cucullata, apice 
subaequilonge S3dentata, dentibus triangulis, exterioribus falcato-incurvis, 
acutis, intermedio latiore, connectivo convexo-incrassato, bene 0.1 cm. lata. 
Rostellum recurvulum. Stigma majusculum, transversum. Pes gynostemii 
cum ovario angulum acutum faciens, rectus, apice obtusangule incurvulus, 
linearis, intus convexus et dense puberulus, c. 0.42 cm. longus. Ovarium 
pedicellatum subclavatum, 6sulcatum, pubescens, c. 0.6 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: West coast, Goenoeng Merapi, 1700—1000 m,, epiphytical 
in forest. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 4902 and 4667, September 1918). 
Goenoeng Sago, 1990 m., epiphytical in forest :H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
n. 4367, August 1918, ,flowers darker or lighter violet, disagreeable odour”’’), 


This differs from Æ. floribunda LNDL. in the more numerous long 
and narrow leaves, the not truncate mentum, the side lobes of the lip 
being connate higher up, the broader midlobe erose on the edges and 
the columnfoot slightly bent forward at the apex. 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 73 





In nrs. 4367 and 4667 the midlobe of the lip is less erose on the edges 
Description from herbarium and an inflorescence preserved in alcohol 
(n. 4902 only). 


O Eria (sect. Aeridostachya) purpureocentrum J. J. S. n. sp. 
Pseudobulbi approximati, oblongo-ovoidei ad ovoidei, compressi, c. 3 
cm. longi, 1.5—2 cm. lati, 2folii, vaginis c. 5 approximatis superioribus 
accrescentibus conduplicatis triangulis acutis pellucidis coriaceis pallide 
virescentibus majoribus articulatis ad c. 11 cm. longis ad basin. Folia erecta, 
divergentia, lorato-lanceolata, acuta, basi longe angustata, obtusangule concava, 
costa media supra sulcata subtus prominente, carnoso-coriacea, vix nitidule 
viridia, €. 26—28 cm. longa, 4.7—4.4 cm. lata. Inflorescentia ex axilla vaginae 
summae, dense multiflora, cylindrica, pedunculo pallide viridi, cinnamomee 
stellato-tomentoso, €. 10 cm. longo, pluribus vaginulis bracteiformibus 
adpressis minutis donato, rachide arcuata, tereti, longitudinaliter sulcata, 
indumento pedunculi, c. 10 em. longa, cum floribus 2 cm. diam. Bracteae 
‘minutae, adpressae, triangulae, concavae, pallide virides, cinnamomee tomen- 
_tosae. Flores parvi, quaquaversi, patentissimi, c. 0.425 cm. lati, 0.7 cm. 
longi, sepalis dorso cinnamomee basi magis purpuree stellato-tomentosis. 
Sepalum dorsale cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, ineurvum, valde 
concavum, late subovale, apice obtuse acutatum et glabrum, basi latum, 
fere 0.3 cm. longum, 0.2 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia oblique oblonga 
concava ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, mentum longum cum ovario 
angulum acutum fere rectum faciens supra basin recurvum oblongum 
subcylindricum apice rotundatum infra apicem obselete constrictum c. 0.28 
em. longum formantia, antice divergentia, concava, oblique late triangula, 
margine postico rotundata, apice breviter anguste obtusa, albida, infra 
apicem purpurea, apice ultimo albida, usque apicem ovarii 0.25 cm. 
longa, margine antico 0.47 cm. metientia. Petala incurva, apice recurvula, 
basi leviter concava, oblique oblonga, falcatula, basin versus leviter dilatata, 
obtusa, albida, fere 0.3 cm. longa, 0.13 cm. lata. Labellum parallelum pedi 
oynostemii erectum, apice recurvum, basin gynostemii attingens, obsolete 
3lobum, %/; partibus inferioribus (lobis lateralibus) incurvis concavum, 
dorso convexum, ecarinatum, oblongum, magnam partem purpureum, albo- 
marginatum, explanatum bene 0.4 cm., usque ad apicem loborum lateralium 
fere 0.3 cm. latum, lobis lateralibus minimis antice obtusis, lobo intermedio 
recurvo, undulato, transverse subquadrangulo, angulis anticis rotundato, 
brevissime recurvo-triangulo-acuminato, c. 0.125 cm. longo, 0.18 cm. lato. 
Gynostemium brevissimum, cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, dorso 
convexum, sordide purpureum, vix 0.1 em. longum, clinandrio excavato, 
apice lato aequaliter obtuse 3dentato, auriculis latis bilobulis, lobulo postico 
longiore triangulo tenui aibo, lobulo antico brevi obtuso carnoso atropurpureo. 
Anthera plane cucullata, obtusa, atropurpurea, pallide marginata. Stigma 
semilunatum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum acutum fere rectum 





76 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1 


faciens, supra basin recurvus, apice incurvus, linearis, carnosus, basi 
subplanus cum sulco longitudinali et subverruculosus, marginibus in !/; 
infra apicem confluentibus et costam altam apicem versus mox decrescentem 
formantibus, basi albidus, apicem versus subcarneus, c. 0.3 cm. longus. 
Ovarium pedicellatum subclavatum, apice dense basin versus laxius purpuree 
stellato-tomentosum, c. 0.65 cm. longum. Capsula patentissima, subcylindrica, 
flore sicco coronata, basi acuta, c. 0.75—0.8 cm. longa, valvis 3 linearibus 
3 angustissime linearibus dehiscens, pedicello tenui, 0.2 cm. longo. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, -Agam, Soengei Dijanih. (E. 
JACOBSON, Fort de Kock, cult. sub nrs. 998 and 099; also in Hort. Bog..). 
Without locality (W. GROENEVELDT, Fort de Kock, cult. sub n 1956). 
-Laras Talang, Boekit Niroe, 1700 m., épiphytical in forest. (FH. A: B. 
BüNNEMELER n, 5347, with young fruits, October 1918). 


The differences between the species of the section Aeridostachya are 
often not easy to define, They consist often in a different arrangement of 
the characteristics. 

Description from a cultivated specimen and a dried fruiting raceme. 


Eria (sect. Hymeneria) petiolata J. J. S. n. sp. 

Pseudobulbi subglobosi ad turbunati, pauci(2-)nodi, nitidi, virides, 
sordide violaceo-suffusi, c. 1—1.85 cm. longi, 1.3—1.7 cm, diam., 1—2folii, 
novelli nonnullis vaginis mox fatiscentibus et nervis in formam striarum palli- 
diarum relinquentibus tecti. Folia erecta, petiolata, lanceolata, apice inaequaliter 
rotundato-biloba erosulaque, basi acuta, acute marginata, supra in utraque 
parte costae mediae supra sulcatae subtus non prominentis convexa, crasse 
carnosa, nitidule atroviridia, subtus opaca et pallida cum stria longitudinali 
saturate viridi, c, 4.5—6 cm. longa, 1.85—-2.4 cm. lata; petiolus canaliculatus, 
c. 0.5—1 cm. longus. Inflorescentiae pone folia, patentes, laxe multiflorae, 
folia superantes, pedunculo c. 1.8 cm. longo, dilute viridi, vaginulis 2 
bracteis similibus donato, rachide pallide virridi, cum peduneulo pilis partim 
decoloribus partim pallide fuscescentibus parce pubescenti, c. 7 cm. longa. 
Bracteae reflexae, basi convexae, superne concavae, cum canaliculo longitu- 
dinali, oblongo-quinquangulares, obtusissimae, angulis erosulae, nervis 5 
majoribus et 4 minoribus, semipellucidae, flavescenti-albidae, ad c. 0.7 cm. 
longae, 0.47 cm. latae. Flores patentes, die dulce odorati, c. 0.7—0.8 cm. 
lati, sepalis dorso ad basin pallide fuscescenti-puberulis petalisque incurvis 
tenuibus semipellucide flavescenti-albidis. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum, 
obtusum, concavum, c. 0.56 cm. longum, 0.275 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia 
cum pede gynostemii mentum breve latum cum ovario angulum acutum 
faciens obtusum retusum dorso convexum c. 0.25 cm. longum formantia, 
oblique triangula, obtusangule falcata, anguste obtusa, concava, c. 0.55 cm. 
longa, basi 0.375 cm. lata. Petala oblique lanceolata, anguste obtusa, leviter 
concava, apice convexa, superne vix purpurascenti-suffusa, c. 0.54 cm. 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. À 47 


longa, 0.175 cm. lata. Labellum oblique erectum, medio fere abrupte 
recurvum, 3lobum, costis 3 vaiidis simplicibus in lobum intermedium 
pulvinato-convexo-incrassatum papillosum excurrentibus basi callo transverso 
connatis, flavescenti-album, basi dilute ochraceum, inexplanatum' c. 0.3 cm. 
longum, explanatum ambitu cuneato-sexangulatum, c. 0.4 cm. usque 
apicem loborum lateralium 0.28 cm. longum, ad lobos laterales 0.35 cm. 
latum: lobi laterales parvi, erecti, margine antico recurvo valde convexi, 
subfalcato-trianguli, obtusi, 0.04 cm, longi; lobus intermedius magnus, recur- 
vus, ambitu transverse subsexangulatus, apice breviter rotundato-bilobulus 
cum lobulo minimo in sinu, c. 0.16 cm. longus, 0.26 cm. latus. Gynostemium 
cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, dorso convexum, c. 0.175 cm. longum, 
subtus in utraque stigmatis parte macula pallide purpurea ornatum, clinandrio 
transverso, excavato, pariete postico late retuso cum lobulo brevi erosulo- 
denticulato utrinque, auriculis rotundatis, erosulo-denticulatis, concavis. 
_Anthera cucullata, transversa, apice semiobiculari-producta incurvaque, fla- 
vescens, connectivo suborbiculari convexo-incrassato atropurpureo, c. 0.1 cm. 
lata. Pollinia 8, paulo inaequalia, pyriformia, semipellucide flavescentia. Stigma 
transverse ovale, margine inferiore elevatulo. Pes gynostemii cum ovario 
angulum acutum faciens, incurvulus, oblongus, marginibus parallelis, dorso 
convexus, apice truncatus, fere 0 2 cm. longus. Ovarium 6sulcatum, cum 
pedicello c. 0.9—1 cm. longum, dilute viride, indumento rachidis. 


Sumatra: Lampong, Menggala. (H. A. GUSDORF, cult. in Hort. Bog. 
SHDUT 152). 


A small species of the ÆHymeneria section, resembling Æ£. ancorifera 
J. J. S., but with 1—2 leaved pseudobulbs, blunt distinctly petioled leaves, 
more flowered inflorescences, very blunt bracts and different flowers. 
Description from a cultivated specimen. 


Dendrobium (sect. Grastidium) sacculiferum J.]J.S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma breve, repens, ramosum, radicibus crassis. Caules approximati, 
simplices, tenues, inferne subteretes, ceterum plus minusve compressi, duri, 
nitide virides, mox nudi, c. 75 cm. longi, 0.16 cm. lati, internodiis ad c. 
1.8 cm. longis, superioribus brevioribus. Folia patentia, leviter torta, line- 
aria, apicem versus angustata, valde oblique bidentata, basi semiamplexi- 
caulia, costa media supra leviter sulcata subtus basin versus prominula, 
papyracea, nitidula, viridia, ad c. 10 cm. longa, 0.9 cm. lata; vaginae 
tubulosae, a latere compressae, apice truncatae, internodia superantes, In- 
florescentiae vaginas 2 perforantes, patentes, brevissimae, 2florae, pedunculo 
abbreviato, compresso, pallide viridi, nonnullis vaginulis a latere compressis 
obtecto. Bracteae parvae, adpressae, semiorbiculares, hyalinae, c. 0.6 cm. 
longae. Flores parvuli, ephemeri, odorem Vanillae exhalantes, c. 1.4 cm. 
lati, sepalis petalisque patentissimis apice recurvis convexis albis apice vix 
fiavescentibus. Sepalum dorsale subovato-oblongum, basi  paululum 


78 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 


dilatatum, apice angustatum, obtusum, c. 0.8 cm. longum, 0.36 cm. latum. 
Sepala lateralia ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, oblique obtusangule 
triangulo-oblonga, basi antice sensim dilatata, apice angustata, obtusiuscula, 
c. 0.875 cm., margine antico 1.15 cm, longa, basi 0.55 cm. lata. Petala 
leviter spathulata, obtusa, 3nervia c. 0.825 cm. longa, 0.225 cm. lata. La- 
bellum apici pedis gynostemii insertum, supra basin obtusangule recurvulum, 
3lobum, costa 1 longitudinali basi validissima apicem versus decrescente 
infra apicem leviter pulvinato-terminante, explanatum c. 0.95 cm., usque 
apicem loborum lateralium fere 0.4 cm. longum; lobi laterales ad basin 
labelli, parvi, apice libero falcatulo-lineares, margine exteriore minute cre- 
nulati, c. 0.07 cm, longi, hypochylium ambitu suborbiculare magnam partem 
virescenti-album basi ochraceum c. 0.36 cm. latum-formantes; lobus inter- 
medius porrectus, longe unguiculatus, €. 0.625 cm. longus, ungue lineari- 
oblongo, medio vix contracto, dilute viridi, c. 0.36 cm. longo, basi apiceque 
fere 0.2 cm., medio 0.14 cm. lato, lamina valde dilatata, transverse oblonga,. 
biloba, cum ungue angulos obtusos faciente, apice leviter late excisa cum 
apiculo minuto in sinu, virescenti-alba, medio dilute viridi, c 0.625 cm. 
lata, lobulis trapeziformibus, margine exteriore oblique rotundato-truncatis 
erosulo-repandulis, €. 0,23—0.25 cm. latis. Gynostemium longiusculum, 
rectum, pallide viride, apice albidum, c. 0.4 cm. longum, clinandrio alte 
excavato, truncato, irregulariter marginato, Anthera cucullata, antice visa 
transverse subovali-semiorbicularis, apice truncata, basi gibbosa, dilute 
viridis, margine membranaceo hyalino, c. 0.14 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, pallide 
flava, supra convexa, subtus subplana, interiora quam exteriora paulo 
longiora et angustiora, bene 0.1 cm. longa. Stigma magnum, alte excavatum, 
obovatum, basi longe acuta in pedem gynostemii decurrens. Pes gynostemii 
cum ovario angulum acutum cum gynostemio angulum obtusum faciens, 
3}, partibus inferioribus subrectus, dimidio inferiore dilute viridis, dimidio 
superiore flavo-brunneus, saccatus, apicem versus angustatus et canaliculatus, 
marginibus erectis basi rotundatis, parte incurva a sepalis lateralibus liber, 
c. 0.32 cm. longus. Ovarium obconicum, apice obliquum, 6sulcatum, pallide 
viride, furfuraceo-punctatum, c. 0.25 cm. longum; pedicellus elongatus, 
tenuis, virescenti-albus, c. 1,6 cm. longus. 


Ternate. (V. M. A. BEGUIN, liv. pl. cult. in Hort. Bog. sub n. 43). 


À very distinct species with the columnfoot excavate saccate. 
Description from a living plant. 


Dendrobium (sect. Oxystophyllum) Hagerupii J.]J.S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma ramosum, radicibus tenuibus. Caules compressi, dense foliati, 
c. 18—23 cm. longi, cum foliis €. 2—2.3 cm. lati, internodiis €. 0.85—1 
cm. longis. Folia erecto-patentia, contigua, articulata, lateraliter compressa, 
oblique triangula, apicem versus angustata, subacuta vel obtusa, apiculata, 
basi rotundata, basi supra fissa, carnosa, margine superiore c. 2—2.3 cm. 





SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 79 


margine inferiore 2.7—3 cm. apice non fisso 0.7—0.9 cm. longa, basi 
0.9—1 cm. metientia, supra basin 0.75—0.85 cm. lata, ultima decrescentia ; 
vaginae tubulosae, lateraliter conpressae. Inflorescentiae axillares et ad apicem 
caulium, nutantes, deinde ramosae et capituliformes, pedunculo curvato, 
c. 1 cm. longo, omnino vaginulis adpressis imbricatis late ovato-triangulis 
acutis apiculatis concavis dorso carinatis superioribus accrescentibus dense 
obtecto. Bracteae vaginulis similes, latae, apiculatae. Flores carnosi, fere 
1.1-cm. longi (macerati), sepalis petalisque parallelis, apice recurvulis. Sepalum 
dorsale oblongum, obtusum, dorso ad apicem leviter incrassatum, concavum, 
superne leviter convexum, 3nervium, c. 0.7 cm. longum, 0.3 cm. latum. 
Sepala lateralia cum pede gynostemii mentum breviusculum cum ovario 
angulum fere rectum faciens dorse valde curvatum convexum obtusum 
c. 0.42 cm. longum formantia, oblique triangula, obtusa, basi rotundata, 
concava, 3nervia, c. 0.7 cm., margine antico 0.8 cm. longa, basi 0.63 cm, 
lata. Petala oblonga, rotundata, basi breviter angustata, dorso obtusangule 
convexa, Inervia, bene 0.5 cm. longa, 0.2 cm. lata. Labellum erecto-patens, 
leviter undatum, oblongum, subtus convexum, dimidio inferiore fere basin 
versus paulum angustato, basi truncato, medio canaliculato, glabro, marginibus 
latis velutino-papilloso, dimidio superiore verruculoso-pulvinato et pilis brevi- 
bus clavatis dense vestito, marginibus lateralibus recurvulo, apice rotundato, 
incrassatione levi transversa convexa antice excavätione suborbiculari limitata 
a parte inferiore separato, subtus ad apicem callo conspicuo conico acuto 
instructo, totum explanatum c. 0.7 cm. longum, basi 0.18 cm, superne 
0.34 cm. latum. Gynostemium ovarium continuum, c. 0.225 cm. longum, 
clinandrio excavato, filamento subulato, auriculas parallelas rotundatas 
concavas bene superante. Anthera cucullata, ambitu subsexangulato-obovata, 
apice excisa, c. 0.14 cm. lata. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum acutum 
fere rectum faciens, valde incurvus, oblongus, marginibus parallelis, concavus, 
crasse carnosus, ©. 0.425 cm. longus. Ovarium obconicum, apice valde 
obliquum, leviter 6sulcatum, c. 0.2 cm. longum. 

Sumatra: Bataklanden, Toba, 1450 m. (O. HAGERUP n. 29, 
1916—"17), 


This differs from D. fropidoneuron SCHLTR. in the longer sepals not 
or indistinctly apiculate and without prominent veins, the shorter mentum 
and the large callus of the lip, from D. deliense SCHLTR. in the shorter 
leaves, the sepals not being apiculate, the proportionally short mentum, 
and from D. minutigibbum J. J, S. in the longer sepals, short mentum and 
large callus of the lip, 

The indumentum of the apical portion of the lip appears at first sight 
to be caused by a fungus, 

The colour of the flowers seems to have been dark red, 

Description from dried specimens. 


80 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





Dendrobium (sect. Ceratobium) Dammerboerii J.]J.S, n. sp. 

Rhizoma validum, repens, cylindricum, brevinode, viride, infra caules 
c. 1.7 cm. diam., vaginis mox evanescentibus. Caules validi, c. 4 cm. dissiti, 
nitide flavo-virides, c. 0.8—1.5 m. longi, inferne longitudine c. 7—11 cm. 
tenuiusculi, teretes, c. 0.9-—1.15 cm. diam., deinde fusiformi-incrassati, parte 
incrassata ©. 14—15 cm. longa, 2.2—2 crn. diam., ceterum apicem versus 
sensim attenuati et sectione transversa late elliptici, foliati, inferne vaginati, 
internodiis ad c. 4.5—5.75 cm. longis. Folia patentia, ovato-oblonga ad 
lanceolata, apicem ‘versus sensim angustata, apice recurvula, oblique 2dentafa, 
basi brevissime contracta semiamplexicaulia, concava, subtus convexa, nervis 
5 supra sulcatis subtus non prominentibus, carnosa, novella nitide viridia, 
adulta magis opaca, subtus subopaca, c. 14.5—16.5 cm. longa, 4.75 —4 cm. 
lata, superiora decrescentia; vaginae tubulosae, internodiis aequilongae vel 
paulo breviores, opace dilute virides. Inflorescentiae e nodis superioribus 
caulium adultorum, patentes, laxe pluriflorae, pedunculo tereti, valde sordide 
atroviolaceo-brunnee suffuso, c. 8 cm. longo, 0.24 cm. diam., vaginulis c 3 
brevibus tubulosis obtusis, rachide subflexuosa, tereti, colore pendunculi, 
c. 21.5 cm. longa. Bracteae tubulosae, breviter subacutae, pallide virides, ad 
c. 0.65 cm. longae. Flores c. 8, quaquaversi, c. 0.7 cm. supra nodum in pulvino 
inserti, patentes, mediocres, carnosuli, suaveolentes, c. 2.8—3 cm. lati, 4.8 —5 
cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale erectum, supra basin ad dextram recurvum, 
valde tortum et undulatum, lineare, acutum, apiculatum, canaliculatum, opacum, 
pallide flavescens, basi excepta margine et striis 5 sordide atrofusco-viola- 
ceis confluentibus notatum, explanatum c. 2.9 cm. longum, basi 0.63 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia triangula deinde angustissima et cum ungue 
labelli connata ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, mentum reversum levissime 
sigmoideum cum ovario angulum acutum faciens conicum superne longitudine 
c. 0.5 cm. attenuatum et calcariforme obtusum c. 1 cm. longum formantia, 
patentissima, plus minusve recurva, linearia, acuta, canaliculata, torta et valide 
undulata, colore sepali intermedii sed striis 7, c. 2.65 cm. longa, basiabsque par- 
te angustissima c. 0.83 cm., medio bene 0.6 cm. lata. Petala reflexa, oblique erec- 
ta, in dorso sepali intermedii decussata, recta, spathulato-linearia, apicem versus 
sensim dilatata, anguste obtusa, dorso infra apicem apiculata, valde torta, pallide 
flavescentia, striis 3 superne 7 sordide violaceis margine apicali excepto 
valde confluentibus, subopaca, c. 4.1 cm. longa, basi 0.175 cm, superne 
0.625 cm. lata. Labellum ungue angusto dimidio superiori pedis gynostemii 
in formam calcaris tenuis adnatum, 3lobum, subrectum, leviter undatum, inter 
lobos laterales valde concavum, inexplanatum c. 225 cm, longum, costis 
5 approximatis parallelis rectis ceraceis albis pulchre violacee praesertim 
inferne punctato-marginatis, costis 2 extioribus decumbentibus superne 
altioribus et in ungue lobi intermedii abrupte obtuse terminantibus, costis 2 
sequentibus ad basin laminae abrupte obtuse alato-dilatatis et decumben- 
tibus, deinde costis exterioribus similibus, in basi lobi intermedii altioribus, 
ante medium lobi intermedii profunde rotundato-excisis, antice lobum 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 81 





erectum oblique semiovalem vel triangulum obtusum vel excisum formantibus, 
deinde sensim evanescentibus, costa intermedia ceteris simili sed fere in 
medio lobi intermedii rotundato-excisa, deinde in cristam altissimam 2 —3den- 
tatam ante apicem labelli abrupte terminantem elevata, explanatum totum 
c. 2.15 cm. longum, ad lobos laterales 1.47 cm. latum, ungue lineari, basin 
versus paulum angustato sordide violaceo, € 0.6 cm. longo, apice 0.2 cm. 
lato, lamina ‘basi late cuneata; lobi laterales erecti, concavi, gynostemium 
subaequantes, apice recurvi, oblique quadranguli, apice late subtruncato- 
rotundati, dilute ochracei, nervis ramosis elevatis violaceis praesertim mar- 
ginem versus in punctos solutis; lobus intermedius porrectus, unguiculatus, 
totus fere 1 cm. longus, ungue oblongo, subtus concavo, albo, violaceo- 
marginato et punctato, c 0.35 cm. longo, 0.+7 cm. lato, abrupte in laminam 
transverse oblongam subtrapeziformem apice abrupte acute subtriangulo- 
acuminatam et sigmoideam plus minusve sinuatam supra convexam subtus 
concavam et longitudinaliter canaliculatam albam paucis venis radiatis 
elevatis interrupte violaceis ornatam c. 0,6 cm. longam 0.95 cm. latam dilatato. 
Gynostemium rectum, sectione transverse triangulum, dorso ad apicem infra 
filamentum subgibbosum, subtus concavum, margine in ütraque apicis stigmatis 
parte obtusangule dilatatum et dente minimo donatum, pallide flavescens, 
striis 3 longitudinalibus inconspicuis pallide violascentibus notatum et parce 
minute violaceo-puncticulatum, subtus album, minute atroviolaceo-punctatum, 
c. 0.67 cm. longum, clinandrio excavato, auriculis transverse subquadrangulis, 
obtuse bilobulis, citrinis. Anthera cucullata, antice plana, apicem versus leviter 
angustata, apice late rotundata et margine latiusculo albo-hirtella, citrina, 
medio parce rubro-punctata, c. 0.225 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, in corpuscula 2 
oblique oblonga supra convexa unita, nitide flava, c. 0.13 cm. longa. Pes 
gynostemii cum ovario angulum acutum fere rectum faciens, ?/; partibus 
inferioribus rectus, latus, quadrangulus, concavus, albus, violaceo-punctatus, 
3], partibus superioribus ungui labelli adnatus, levissime curvulus, linearis, 
apicem versus angustatus, valde canaliculatus, atroviolaceus, c. 0.525 cm. 
longus, totus c. 0.97 cm. longus. Ovarium 6sulcatum, pallide virescens, 
inconspicue longitudinaliter sordide violaceo-striatum, c. 0.4 cm. longum; 
pedicellus teres, pallide virescens, c. 3.3 cm. longus. 


Habitat? (Cult. in Hort. |. G. DAMMERBOER, Buitenzorg). 
Halmaheira? (Cult. in Hort. Bog.). 


The nearest ally of this species is D. Sfrepsiceros J. J. S. from the 
island of Batjan. It differs from the latter in the smaller differently coloured 
flowers, the petals being broader at the apex, the midlobe having a longer 
claw and not being warty inside, the 3 inner keels being much more 
conspicuous at their apex, the column not being appressed to the lip. 

It is a pretty species with long lasting and fragrant flowers. The habitat 
Halmaheira is not wholly sure. 


82 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V. LiVR. 1. 








The plant cultivated in the Buitenzorg Gardens is a form with a some- 
what longer midlobe of the lip. 
Description from a cultivated plant. 


Dendrobium (sect. Distichophyllum) orbiculare ].].S. in Bull. Jard. 
Bot. Buit. 2e sér, XIII (1914), 13. — D. fusco-pilosum A. et S.! in ÂMES 
Orch2Vi"(r920); 101: 


The plant described by AMES and SCHWEINFURTH does not differ in 
any respect from D. orbiculare, only the flowers of the type appear to be 
a little smaller. Since the plant has been collected also in Banka. 


Dendrobium (sect. Distichophyllum) siberutense ].].S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma repens, elongatum, ramosum, vaginatum, e nodis radicem 
crassam emittens. Caules c. 13.5 cm. distantes, rhizoma continui, simplices, 
C. 27—34 cm. longi, basi vaginati, ceterum foliati, internodiis inferioribus 
c. 3.5 cm. longis, superioribus ad c. 0.6 cm. reductis. Folia patentia, anguste 
lanceolata, apicem versus angustata, inaequaliter acute bidentata, sicco 
papyracea glaucescentia et dorso minute nigro-puncticulata, ad c. 7.75—8.5 
cm. longa, 0.9—1.1 cm. lata, superiora decrescentia; vaginae tubulosae, 
internodia superantes, apice antice rotundato-excisae, truncatae, antice 
densius ceterum parce subadpresse grossius nigro-hirtae. Inflorescentiae e 
nodis, vaginas 2 perforantes, erecto-patentes, breves, 4—5florae, pedunculo 
C, 0.5—0.6 cm. longo, nonnullis vaginulis brevibus tubulosis donato, rachide 
flexuosa, c. 0.6—1 cm. longa, Bracteae persistentes, oblongo-triangulae, 
acutae, concavae, ad c. 0.45 cm. longae. Flores mediocres. Sepalum dor- 
sale oblongum, apice angustatum, obtusum, longius recurvule apiculatum, 
infra medium vix constrictum, 5nervium, fere 1.1 cm longum, 0.475 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia oblique linereari ad pedem gynostemii decur- 
rentia, margine antico breviter connata, mentum reversum anguste conicum 
obtusum c. 0.775 cm. longum formantia, oblique anguste oblonga, longe 
subulato-apiculata, 5nervia, c. 1.3 cm., usque apicem pedis gynostemii 
fere 2 cm. longa, 0.4 cm. lata, Petala oblique lineari-spathulata, vix falcatula, 
*/; partibus superioribus erosa, obtusa, abrupte acute triangulo-apiculata, 
3nervia, nervis exterioribus brevissimis, €. 1,15 cm. longa, inferne 0.16 cm. 
superne 023 cm. lata. Labellum ungue ?/, partibus pedis gynostemii ad- 
natum, concavum, 3lobum, carnosulum, 3costatum, costis exterioribus infra 
basin lobi intermedii terminantibus dimidio inferiore in verrucas solutis 
ceterum glabris, costa intermedia brevi glabra infra basin lobi intermedii 
abrupte terminante in medio labelli, 5nervium, nervo intermedio in unguem 
decurrente, sequentibus e basi laminae ortis, explanatum totum c. 2.2 em. 
longum, ungue lineari, e. 0.475 cm. longo, 0.18 cm. lato, mesochylio oblongo- 
sublyriformi, basi late obtuso, medio inconspicue constricto, apice in lobos 
laterales triangulos obtusos paucidenticulatos antice truncatos leviter dilatato, 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 83 
basi intus dense verrucoso, superne seriebus 2 verrucarum costis approximatis 
et parallelis exceptis glabro, fere 1.1 cm. longo, medio 0.7 cm., antice 
0.95 cm. lato, lobo intermedio ex ungue brevi fere 0.3 cm. lato abrupte 
dilatato, transverse oblongo, apice leviter et late exciso cum lobulo brevissimo 
obtuso in sinu, utrinque breviter lacerato, c. 0.65 cm. longo, berne 1.1 cm. 
lato. Gynostemium breve, a dorso compressum,.ambitu quadrangulum, 
absque anthera 0.38 cm. longum, clinandrio transverso, auriculis triangulis, 
falcatulis, acutis, margine postico paucidenticulatis, filamento auriculis paulo 
breviore, lineari. Anthera cucullata, a latere visa triangula, antice visa quadrata, 
apice paulo producta truncata et hirtella, 0.23 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, sublinearia, 
supra convexa, subtus concava, antice attenuata, interiora quam exteriora 
paulo angustiora, c. 0.17 cm. longa. Stigma majusculum, margine inferiore 
rotundatum. Pes gynostemii parte superiore c. 0.5 cm. longa labelli ungui 
adnatus, apicem versus angustatus et intus incrassationibus 2 instructus, 
c. 0.7 cm. longus. Ovarium Gsulcatum, c. 0.65 cm. longum; pedicellus 
tenuior, 1.1 cm. longus. 


Mentawei-Islands: Siberoet. (O. HAGERUP n. 42, February 1917), 


From the description this appears to be near D. Hosei RIDE. but 
the sheaths are hairy, the petals erose except for the base, the lip much 
longer and narrower, warty inside and with blunt denticulate side lobes, 
the column not attenuate to the apex, the anther not ovate. 

Description from herbarium. 


Dendrobium (sect. Calcarifera) pedicellatum J. J.S. in Bull. Dép. Agric. 
Ind. Néerl. No. XV (1908), 13. 

Caules elongati, c. 60 cm. longi, internodiis ad c. 5 cm. longis. Folia 
patentia, lanceolata, sensim acuminata, oblique acuta vel subacuta, nervis 
majoribus c. 5, ©. 5.5—12.5 cm. longa, 1.2—3 cm. lata; vaginae tubufosae. 
Inflorescentiae 5 —12florae. 


ll 


Sumatra: Palembang, Goenoeng Dempoe, 2000 m. (Expedition 
E. JACOBSON, AJOEB n. 452, August 1916). 

Padangsche Bovenlanden, Goenoeng Singgalang, 2500 m., in forest. 
(H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 2700 and 2860, May and June 1918). Goenoeng 
Malintang, 2000—2200 m, in brushwood. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 
3021, 3951, 4051, 4034 and 4221, July-August 1918). Goenoeng Sago, in 
forest and brushwood, 1800—2000 m., common. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
nrs. 3074, 3987 and 4358, July-August 1918). Laras Talang, Goenoeng 
Talang, 1900 m., in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIER n. 5374, November 
1918). Laras Talang, Boekit Gombak, 2000 m., in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNE- 
MEIJER n. 5709, November 1918). Goenoeng Talamau, north-western slope, 
1850-2100 m., in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 784, 817 and 890, 
_ May 1917). 


84 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





In the type specimens the leaves are wanting. | can now give a 
description of these organs. 

The species proves to be rather common in the higher mountainregions 
of the Padangsche Bovenlanden. It is very variable in the form of the lip, 
which shows different stages from distinctly three lobed to almost entire. 

»Flowers white to violet, with a yellow blotch on the lip.” (BüNNEMEIJER). 


var. oblongum J. J. S. n. Sp. 

Mentum cum ovario angulum acutum faciens, a latere visum oblongum, 
supra basin incurvulum, leviter a latere compressum, obtusum. Labellum 
spathulatum, vix 3lobulum. Pes gynostemii apice incurvus cum excavatione. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Goenoeng Malintang, 1300— 
1400 m., in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 4046 and 4209, July- 
August 1918). Laras Talang, Boekit Gombak, 1600 —2000 m., in forest, 
common. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER nrs. 5454 and, 5710, November 1918). 


The variety differs in the form of the mentum, which is not conic but 
oblong and somewhat compressed laterally. 
The flowers are violet. 


Dendrobium (sect. Calcarifera) ventrilabium J. J. S. n. sp. 

ERA ARE" , Inflorescentiae brevissimae, 2—3florae, pedunculo tenui, 
c. 0.65 cm. longo, nonnullis vaginulis donato, rachide quaquaverse flexuosa, 
tenui, c. 0.65 cm, longa. Bracteae adpressae, parvae, triangulae, c. 0.23 cm, 
longae. Flores mediocres, c. 3.6 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale cum ovario 
angulum rectum faciens, ovatum, apice angustatum, obtusum, vix apiculatum, 
subplanum, 7nervium, c. 1.43 cm, longum, 0.8 cm. latum. Sepela lateralia 
lacinia longa oblique oblonga concava ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, 
mentum conspicuum marginibus anticis longitudine c. 0.25 cm. connatis 
calcariforme cum ovario angulum rectum faciens incurvum leviter a latere 
compressum dorso apicem versus obtuse carinatum obtusum fere 2 cm. 


longum formantia, parte antica patentia, oblique triangula, apice angustata, 


acutiuscula cum apiculo conico, subplana, 7nervia, c. 1.4 cm., usque 
apicem menti 2.65 cm. longa, basi 1.95 cm. lata. Petala patentia, oblique 
elliptica, brevissime apiculato-acuminata, superne repandula, concava, 5nervia, 
€. 1.37 cm. longa, 0.7—0.75 cm. lata. Labellum erectum, pedi gynostemii 
et gynostemio parallelum, inexplanatum c. 2.75 cm. longum, ungue lineari, 
basi longitudine c. 0.7 cm. pedi gynostemii adnato, deinde rectangule patente 
et pedem versus incurvo, 5nervio, appendice longitudinali late lineari canali- 
culata acute marginata antice supra basin laminae in dentem liberum triangulum 
basi in lobulum similem truncatum pedi gynostemii adpressum producta in 
unguis parte superiore, explanato €. 1.5 cm. longo, medio 0.37 cm. lato, 
lamina erecta, margine apicali angusto recurva convexa et inferius longi- 


tudinaliter 5sulcata, infra apicem valde ventricoso-concava, gynostemium - 


/ 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 85 


superante, explanata transversa, late subcuneato-semiorbiculari, apice leviter 
rotundata, obsolete triloba, explanata c. 1.37 cm. longa, 2.2 cm. lata, lobis 
lateraljbus erectis, triangulis, margine postico rotundatis, antice suybtruncatis 
duplicato-crenulatis, angulo exteriore plus minusve dentiformi-productis, Iobo 
intermedio leviter producto, brevissime rotundato-bilobulo cum apiculo in 
sinu. Gynostemium breve, crassum, dorso convexum, margine in utraque 
stigmatis parte obtusangule dilatatum, € 0.45 cm. longum, clinandrio alte 
excavato, transverso, filamento tenuiter subulato, auriculis brevioribus, latis, 
retusis, obtuse bidentatis, irregulariter marginatis. Anthera cucullata, antice 
visa quinquangularis, margine apicali late obtusangulo ciliato recurvo quasi 
truncata, bene 0.3 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, lateraliter compressa, semiobovata, 
supra convexa, subtus recta, 2 mediana altiora, 0.2 cm. longa. Stigma 
urceolatum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum rectum faciens, superne 
incurvus, linearis, apicem versus angustatus, anguste canaliculatus, 0.2 cm. 
longus. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.6 cm. longum; pedicellus tenuis, c. 1.3 cm. 
longus. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Agam, Boekit Batoe Banting. 
(W. GROENEVELDT, cuit. sub n. 1740). 


Though.1 have not seen the vegetative parts of this plant, [ have 
described it as a new species, because the flowers are very characteristic 
and easily recognizable. 

»Peduncle violet brown. Bracts brownish violet. Ovary and pedicel 
light olive green, the former one tinted violet. Flowers light yellowish 
green, the sepals with 7, the petals with 5 purple nerves, the lateral sepals 
and petals more or less veined transversely. Lip in the centre with 5 thin 
purple nerves from the base to the apex, the side lobes veined purple. 
Column whitish with a faint green hue. Anther white”. (E. JACOBSON). 

Description from inflorescences preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrobium (sect. Calcarifera) transtilliferum J. |. S. n. sp. 

Caules elongati, tenuisculi, basin et apicem versus attenuati, parte in- 
feriore excepta flexuosi, teretes, mox longitudinaliter sulcati, pars adest ad 
c. 62 cm. longa, 0.6 cm. diam., internodiis ad c. 3 cm. longis, superioribus 
decrescentibus. Folia patentia, lanceolata ad lineari-lanceolata, apicem ver- 
sus angustata, apice inaequaliter obtusa vel plerumque utroque latere oblique 
triangula, basi vix angustata semiamplexicaulia, costa media supra sulcata 
subtus non prominente, papyracea, ad c. 9 cm. longa, 1.5 cm. lata, superiora 
decrescentia; vaginae tubulosae, internodia aequantes. Inflorescentiae e nodis 
superioribus caulium defoliatorum, brevissimae, subsessiles, c. 2 - 6florae, 
rachide tenui, c. 0.4—1.2 cm. longa. Bracteae adpressae, oblongo-triangulae, 
acutae, concavae, ad c. 0.3 cm. longae. Flores c. 1.1 cm. lati, 2 cm. longi. 
Sepalum dorsale erectum, apice recurvum, ovato-quinquangulare, apicem 
versus angustatum, acutiusculum, apice convexo excepto concavum, 5nervium, 


86 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE HE, VOL w: LIVR:1: 





c. 0.8 cm. longum, 0.47 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia magna late 
oblique triangula concava ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, mentum magnum 
ovario parallelum in !/, parte supra basin obtusangule incurvulum conicum 
apice brevissime calcariforme ceterum antice apertum obtusum c. 1.2 cm. 
longum formantia, oblique erecta, divergentia, oblique triangula, acutiuscula, 
5(—7)nervia, c. 0.8 cm., usque menti apicem c. 1.9 cm. longa, basi 
1.43 cm. metientia. Petala oblique elliptica, acuta, basi brevissime contracta, 
superne erosula, convexa, 3nervia, c, 0.83 cm. longa, 0.4 cm. lata. Labellum 
pedi gynostemii parallelum erectum, recurvulum, gynostemium longe superans, 
concavum, lobis lateralibus obsoletis subsimplex, cuneato-quinquangulare, 
basi pedi gynostemii brevissime adnatum, supra lobos laterales rotundato- 
obtusos Oôbsolete constrictum, Ilobo intermedio subsemiorbiculari late 
rotundatum, parte cuneata excepta eroso-denticulatum, costula transversa 
supra basin, fascia longitudinali @pnvexa, nervis venisque in lobo medio 
plus minusve dense verruculosis, 5nervium, nervis exterioribus bene ramo- 
sis, explanatum totum c. 1.9 cm., usque costulam transversam 0.27 em. : 
longum, ad lobos laterales 0.925 cm., ad lobum medium 0.075 cm. latum., 
Gynostemium breve, crassum, dorso convexum, ad basin filamenti gibbosum, 
ii utraque stigmatis parte obtusangule dilatatum, c. 0.27 cm. longum, 0.37 cm. 
latum, filamento longe subulato, apice incurvo, auriculis anthera paulo bre- 
vioribus, parallelis, latis, saepe apice dente sursum curvo donatis. Anthera 
cucullata, antice visa plana quinquangularis, apice producta, late truncata 
papillosaque, basi obtusa retusaque, a latere visa triangula, 0.22 cm. lata, 
Pollinia 4, in corpuscula 2 oblique obovata supra convexa subtus subplana 
unita, basi acuta, apice obtusa, a latere visa oblique obovato-pyriformia, 
interiora angustiora et linearia, €. 0.16 cm. longa. Stigma ovale, apice 
truncatum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum acutum faciens, in !/; 
parte supra basin et ad apicem incurvulus, linearis, apice angustatus, 
canaliculatus, c. 1.15 cm. longus; pedicellus, c. 0.8 cm. longus. 


Sumatra: West coast, Pariaman, Kajoe Tanam. (W. GROENEVELDT, 
cult. sub nrs. 1816, 1817). Solok, Danau Dibaroeh. (A, V. THEUNISSEN, 
cult. in Hort. E. JACOBSON sub nrs. 1905, 1925). 


In the form of the lip this much resembles D. fulminicaule ]. ]. S. 
from the same area, but in that species the lip is bilobed at the apex 
and the transverse bar at the base is missing. For the rest the two plants 
are very different. 

»Stems greenish yellow or yellowish brown. Pedicel and ovary light 
green or greenish yellow, the latter more or less dotted with purple. 
Sepala and petals transparently light yellow, the former outside more or 
less tinged or dotted with light purple, the petals on the back only with a 
similar line. Lip transparently light yellow, inside with an ochraceous or orange 
longitudinal band. Column light yellow. Smell of honey”. (E  JACOBSON). 


Description from materials preserved in alcohol. 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 87 





Dendrobium (sect. Pedilonum) quadrialatum }.}J.S. n. sp. 

Caules elongati, crassi, sicco leviter serpentini, parte adest ad c. 18 cm. 
longa, internodiis ad c. 2 cm. longis. Folia patentia, lanceolata, obtusa, 
paulo inaequaliter rotundato-biloba, basi semiamplexicaulia, coriacea, c. 8 cm. 
longa, 2 cm. lata, superiora minora; vaginae tubulosae, internodium superantes. 
Inflorescentiae e nodis caulium defoliatorum, numerosae, erecto-patentes, 
sessiles, breves, dense pluriflorae, rachide c. 1.8 cm. longa. Bracteae con- 
spicuae, oblongae ad ovatae, acuminatae, acutae, concavae, ad c. 1.75 cm. 
longae. Flores c. 9, mediocres, macerati c. 2.5 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale 
oblongum, superne angustatum, acutum, triquetro-apiculatum, praesertim 
inferne valde convexum, 5nerviüm, bene 1.5 cm. longum, 0.62 cm. latum. 
Sepala lateralia lacinia oblique oblonga basin versus angustata curvata ad 
pedem gynostemii decurrentia, mentum reversum apice excepto ovario 
adpressum incurvulum oblongo-conicum apice angustatum obtusum dorso 
convexum c. 0.95 cm. longum formantia, marginibus anticis longitudine 
c. 0.2 cm. connata, parte antica oblique ovato-oblonga, apice conduplicato- 
subobtusa, dorso praesertim apicem versus carinata, Carina ultra apicem 
producta, Gnervia, bene 1.5 cm., in totum 2.4 em. longa, 0.74 cm. lata. 
Petala oblique oblongo-subobovata, apice subrectangule acuta subcondu- 
plicata et dorso carinata, inferne cuneato-angustata, 3nervia, bene 1.3 cm. 
longa, 0.5 cm. lata Labellum pedi gynostemii et gynostemio parallelum, 
pedi gynostemii longitudine c. 0.5 cm. adnatum, concavum, angustum, 
medio constrictum, gynostemium superans, appendice hippocrepidiformi 
postice rotundata margine elevata recurvataque in ?/; partibus supra basin, 
Snervium, nervis exterioribus basi furcatis, omnibus in parte contracta 
prominulis, €. 1.6 cm., explanatum 1.8 cm. longum, ungue oblongo, concavo, 
c. 0.7 cm. longo, 0.33 cm. lato, lamina oblonga, breviter acute acuminata, 
concava, c. 1.1 em. longa, 0.375 cm., basi contracta 0.18 cm. lata. Gynoste- 
mium recurvulum, a dorso compressum, absque anthera c. 0.36 cm. longum, 
clinandrio transverso, excavato, filamento subulato, auriculas apice obtusan- 
oulas superante. Stigma quandragulum. Pes gynostemii apice excepto 
ovario adpressus, incurvus, valde concavus, €, 1 cm. longus. Ovarium 
quadrialatum, facie inferiore exalatum, c. 0 7 cm. longum, cum pedicello 
tenuiore aequilongo leviter signoideum. 


Ternate: Toramadiahi, 550 m., epiphytical in ee (V. M. À. BEGUIN 
. 1187, November 1920). 


This seems to be nearest to D. bracteosum RCHB. F. from New-Guinea, 
which has also rather large bracts, but the stems are much thicker, the 
leaves larger, the flowers broader with a narrower lip provided with a 
rounded appendix. 

»Flowers violet, lip red. Stems 35 cm. long”. (BEGUIN). 

Description from herbarium, which consists in a few upper portions 
of the stems. 


“ 


88 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 








Dendrobium (sect. Calyptrochilus) inopinatum J.].S. n. sp. 

Caules approximati, leviter flexuosi, c. 46 cm. longi, internodiis c. 1.4— 
2.4 cm. longis, radicibus crassis..  Folia patentia, anguste lanceolata, 
apicem versus sensim angustata, oblique acuta vel anguste obtusa, coriacea, 
nervis sicco supra subtusque prominentibus, sicco subtus glaucescentia, 
ad c. 8 cm. longa, 1.35 cm. lata; vaginae tubulosae, apice truncatae, 
nervis sicco prominentibus. Inflorescentiae e nodis superioribus caulium 
defoliatorum, brevissime racemosae, cauli adpressae, dense c. 8florae, 
pedunculo c. 0.2 cm. longo, nonnulis vaginulis brevibus tubulosis donato, 
rachide c. 0.4 cm. longa. Bracteae patentissimae, triangulae, subacutae, 
concavae, €. 0.275 cm. longae, 0.2 cm. latae. Flores quaquaversi, longe 
pedicellati, c. 16 em. longi. Sepalum dorsale ovato-ovale, apice obtusum 
et minute denticulatum, leviter concavum, 5nervium, c. 0.62 cm. longum, 
c. 0.4 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia longa oblique oblonga concava 
c. 0.64 cm. longa ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, marginibus anticis 
longitudine c. 0.3 cm. connata, mentum subcylindraceum cum ovario 
angulum anguste acutum faciens dorso laxe undatum obtusum ec. 1 cm. 
longum formantia, oblique ovata, obtusa, concava, c. 6nervia, c. 0.64 cm., 
usque apicem ovarii 1.45 cm. longa, basi 1.25 cm. metientia. Petala 
oblique elliptica, obtusa, basin obliquam versus angustata, dimidio superiore 
eroso-denticulata, concava, bi- subtrinervia, c. 0.64 cm. longa, 0.3 cm. lata. 
Labellum spathulatum, concavum, basi gynostemii brevissime adnatum, ?/; 
partibus inferioribus pedi gynostemii adpressum et vix ventricosum, deinde 
leviter obtusangule a pede recurvum, parte dilatata utrinque gynostemio 
adpressum, gynostemium paulum superans, margine apicali abrupte incurvo 
lacinulato cucullatum, cuculla a dorso compressa rotundata, 5nervium, intus 
in flexu incrassatione /\formi biloba instructum, explanatum c. 1.37 cm. 
longum, ungue lineari, superne leviter contracto, c. 0.65 cm. longo, inferne 
0.28 cm. lato, lamina (subexplanata) late ovata, rotundata, basi contracta, 
c. 0.7 em. longa, 0.5 cm. lata. Gynostemium crassum, dorso convexum, 
c. 0.275 cm. longum, clinandrio transverso, concavo, filamento subulato, 
incurvo, cum gynostemio angulum obtusum faciente, auriculis anthera 
brevioribus, oblique quadrangulis, truncatis, repando-tridenticulatis. Anthera 
cucullata, antice plana et suborbicularis, apice late truncata papillosaque, a 
latere visa triangula. Pollinia 4, oblique anguste oblonga, supra convexa, subtus 
concava, c. 0.17 cm. longa. Stigma magnum, faciem inferiorem gynostemii 
omnino occupans, obovatum, apice truncatum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario 
angulum anguste acutum faciens, leviter undatus, linearis, parte superiore pau- 
lum contractus, apice leviter dilatatus tenuis et excavatione longitudinali instruc- 
tus, bene 1 cm.longus. Ovarium teres, curvatum, apice valde obliquum, 6sul- 
catum, c. 0.8 cm. longum, cum pedicello tenui c. 1.5 cm. longo sigmoideum. 


Sumatra: Ophir districts, Tanang Taloe, 1100 m., in forest. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 1132, June 1917). 





1 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 89 


The discovery of a typical member of the section Calyptrochilus in 
Sumatra is very interesting, 

The short description of D. aegle RIDL. is somewhat suggestive of 
this species, but the leaves are broader, the pedicels shorter, the bracts 
lanceolate, the mentum only !/, inch, the petals shorter and broader than 
the sepals, the lip without a callus and the anther conic. 

The flowers are said to be violet. 

Description from a single dried specimen, the flowers of which were 
preserved in alcohol. 


Dendrobium (sect. Calyptochilus) crepidiferum J. J. S. n. sp. 

Caules elongati, leviter flexuosi, internodiis c. 2—2.5 cm. longis. Folia 
patentia, lanceolata, apicem versus sensim angustata, breviter subacuta, 
apiculata, basi angustata, sicco papyracea, ad c. 10 cm. longa, 1.85 cm. 
lata; vaginae tubulosae, atropunctatae, internodia aequantes. Inflorescentiae 
e nodis caulium defoliatorum, brevissimae, c. 3florae, pedunculo cum rachide 
c. 0.9 cm. longo. Bracteae ovatae, acuminatae, concavae, sicco membranaceae, 
semipellucidae, atropunctatae, c. 0.7 cm longae. Flores majusculi, pulchri, 
macerati c. 4.8 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, anguste obtusum, 
5nervium, ©. 2.0 cm. longum, 0.8 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia lacinia oblique 
elongato-triangula ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, mentum conspicuum 
reversum ovario parallelum subrectum apice incurvulum anguste conicum 
apice leviter contractum anguste obtusum c. 1.9 cm. longum formantia, 
oblique oblonga, dimidio superiore angustata, acuta, margine antico basi 
longitudine c. 1 em. connata, Inervia, €. 2.9 cm., usque apicem pedis 
gynostemii 4.6 cm. longa, 1.15 cm. lata. Petala lanceolata, obtusa, basin 
versus sensim longe angustata, c. 2.0 cm. longa, 0.775 cm. lata. Labellum 
parallelum pedi gynostemii et gynostemio erectum, basi pedi gynostemii 
longitudine c. 0.7 cm. adnatum, anguste spathulatum, canaliculatum, subtus 
convexum, 7nervium, intus in !/;—?2/; partibus supra basin incrassatione \/formi 
instructum, apice margine incurvo obtuse conico-cucuilatum, margine apicali 
acutangule excisum erosumque, c. 2.85 cm. longum, lamina 0.6 cm. lata. 
Gynostemium dorso excavatum, marginibus antice in utraque stigmatis parte 
obtusangule dilatatum, c. 0.55 cm. longum, clinandrio excavato, filamento 
arcuato, subulato, auriculis conspicuis parallelis semiovalibus rotundatis 
aequilongo. Anthera majuscula, cucullata, antice visa quadrangula, apice 
incurvo late rotundata et dense papillosa, c. 0.28 cm. lata, Pollinia 4, in 
corpuscula 2 suboblique oblonga subobovata a dorso compressa supra 
convexa subtus concava c. 0.23 cm. longa unita. Pes gynostemii superne 
curvulus, linearis, canaliculatus, €. 2 cm. longus. Ovarium pedicellatum 
leviter clavatum, leviter sigmoideum, 6sulcatum, c. 3 cm. longum. 


Ternate:Toramadiahi, c. 1200 m.,epiphytical in forest. (V. M. À. BEGUIN 
n. 1190, November 1920). 


90 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE HE, VOL. V. LIVRES 








In the form of the flowers this recalls to mind D. Hasseltit LNDL. and 
D. glomeratum ROLFE as figured in Gard. Chr. 1894, I, 653, The lip is rather 
narrow in the section and approaches Pedilonum very closely. Indeed, the 
sections Pedilonum, Calyptrochilus, Calcarifera, Platycaulon and others 
are not equivalent to such ones as Desmotrichum, Diplocaulobium, Grasti- 
dium etc., but should be regarded as subsections. 

,Stems dependent, 1 m. long. Flowers violet, as it were covered with 
small crystals, lip red”. (BEGUIN). 

Description from dried specimens. 


Dendrobium (sect. Eudendrobium) batakense J.].S. n. sp. 

Caules tenues, hic illic radicem tenuem emittentes, pars adest ad 37 cm. 
longa, internodiis 3—4.5 cm. longis. Folia lineari-lanceolata, apicem versus 
angustata, oblique acuta, apice minutissime erosulo-crenulata, margine recur- 
vula, costa media supra sulcata subtus prominente, papyracea, ad c. 5—5.5 
cm. longa, 0.8 cm. lata; vaginae tubulosae, internodiis aequilongae vel 
paulo breviores, apice truncatae. Inflorescentiae in caulibus foliatis inter et 
infra folia, vaginam dorso perforantes, patentissimae, brevissimae, 1—2florae, 
pedunculo vaginulato cum rachide flexuosa c. 0.5—0.6 cm. longo. Bracteae 
adpressae, triangulae, breviter acute acuminatae. Flores c. 1.75 cm. lati, 
2 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale ovarium continuum, apice recurvulum, 
oblongo-triangulum, acutum, breviter apiculatum, 5nervium, €. 1.2 cm. 
longum, 0,46 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia cum pede gynostemii mentum 
anguste conicum cum ovario angulum acutum faciens dorso dimidio infe- 
riore rectum dimidio superiore leviter convexum obtusum c. 0.75 cm. longum 
formantia, margine antico basi breviter connata, divergentia, oblique anguste 
triangula, acuta, basi antice oblique dilatata, 5nervia, c. 1.2 cm. longa, basi 
0.85 cm. lata. Petala oblique rhombeo-lanceolata, acuta, 3nervia, c. 1.2 cm. 
longa, 0.4 cm. lata. Labellum apici calcariformi pedis gynostemii insertum, pedi 
oynostemii parallelum, recurvum, gynostemium longe superans, concavum, 
subtus convexum cum sulco longitudinali, trilobum, intus fascia mediana dense 
pubescens, lobis margine lato excepto muriculato-pilosum praesertim in 
nervis, 5nervium, explanatum ex ungue brevi ambitu rhombeum, c. 1.6 cm. 
longum, ad lobos laterales 0.95 cm. latum ; lobi laterales erecti, gynostemium 
superantes, concavi, oblique quadranguli, obtusissimi, superne acute denti- 
culati; lobus intermedius ovato-triangulus, breviter acute acuminatus, 
denticulatus, concavus, c. 0.5 cm. longus et latus. Gynostemium breve, 
crassum, €. 0.32 cm. longum, clinandrio transverso, excavato, filamento 
subulato, auriculis breviore, auriculis triangulis, falcato-incurvis, obtusis, 
margine postico dente instructis. Anthera cucullata, antice plana et subor- 
bicularis, apice breviter obtusangule triangulo-producta et minute lacinulato- 
denticulata, c. 0.15 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, angusta, supra convexa, subtus 
‘concava, à latere visa falcatula, interiora quam exteriora paulo longiora, 
C. 0.13 cm. longa. Stigma longitudinale, oblongum, margine inferiore rotun- 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 91 


datum, margine superiore trunçatum. Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum 
acutum faciens, late linearis, dimidio inferiore fere rectus, vix curvulus, 
dorso 3costatus, antice leviter concavus et puberulus, parte superiore leviter 
angustatus, incurvulus, apice calcariformis, totus c. 0.8 cm. longus. Ovarium 
6sulcatum, c. 0.4 cm. longum, cum pedicello c. 0.75 cm. longo sigmoideum. 


Sumatra: Bataklarrden, Siborborong, 1100 m. (W. GROFENEVELDT, 
cult. sub n. 1972). 


This is, 1 think, best placed in Eudendrobiunt, among the species with 
the flowers on the leafy stems. [| do not know a near ally. 

.Rachis greenish. Pedicel and ovary very light green. Sepals white, 
base very light purple, tips very light green, mentum transparently yellowish 
green. Petals white with a very light purple hue, tips a little darker. Lip 
basal half with a greenish hue, with a purple blotch and purple haïirs; side 
lobes with parallel purple veins, midlobe pure white. Column white, the 
stigma bordered with a thin purple line. Anther white with a faint greenish 
tint and a purplish blotch on the back.” (E. JACOBSON). 

Description from materials preserved in alcohol. 


Bulbophyllum (sect. Dialeipanthe) linggense J.J.S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma breve, repens, radicans, vaginis tubulosis mox fatiscentibus 
et fibras paucas relinquentibus tectum. Pseudobulbi c. 0.6 cm. dissiti, cum 
rhizomate angulum acutum facientes, oblique ovoidei, sicco c. 1 cm. 
longi, 1foliüi. Folium lanceolatum, subacuminatum, obtusum, basi petiolato- 
contractum, subtus minute puncticulatum, sicco coriaceum et nervis subtus 
prominentibus, totum c. 15—16.5 cm. longum, parte contracta 2—2.7 cm. 
longa, 1.8—2.6 cm. latum. Inflorescentiae e basi pseudobulborum, adscen- 
dentes, apice dense multiflorae, pedunculo firmiter filiformi, c. 245:CmM. 
longo, vaginulis c. 3 tubulosis donato, rachide incrassata, tereti, 3.2 Cm. 
superante, internodiis c, 0.15 cm. longis. Bracteae alternatim bifariae, erecto- 
patentes, rachidem amplectentes, late triangulae, apice subulato-carinatae, 
conduplicato-concavae, punctatae, c. 0.4 cm. longae. Flores intervallis 
florentes, mediocres. Sepalum dorsale lineare, apicem versus sensim angusta- 
tum, acutissimum, canaliculatum, 5(—7)-nervium, c. 2.5 cm. longum, 0.34 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia oblique linearia, apicem versus sensim angustata, acutis- 
sima, basi margine anteriore paulo dilatata, conduplicato-canaliculata, 7nervia, 
costa media dorso prominente, cum sepalo intermedio dorso praesertim ad 
basin minute puncticulata, c. 2.5 cm. longa, basi 0.575 cm. lata. Petala minima, 
gynostemio adpressa, oblique transverse oblonga, leviter rotundata, erosulo- 
repandula, brevissime obtuse apiculata, 3nervia, c. 0.08 cm. longa, 0.18 cm. 
lata. Labellum mobile, porrectum, supra basin recurvum, apice sensim 
incurvulum, lanceolatum, 2/, partibus superioribus subulato-acuminatum, basi 
concavum, ceterum convexum, supra basin usque medium fere leviter 
verruculosum, basi subtus convexum cum sulco longitudinali, carinis 2 


92 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





longitudinalibus erectis supra basin altissimis rotundatis et facie introrsa 
convexo-incrassatis canaliculo separatis ante labelli partem concavam valde 
decrescentibus convexis et leviter verruculosis cum canaliculo medio fere 
evanescentibus, carnosum, c. 2.45 cm. longum, 0.5 cm. latum. Gynostemium 
rectum, a dorso compressum, oblongum, dorso convexum, subtus concavum, 
semiteres, C. 0.35 cm. longum, clinandrio alte excavato, semiorbiculari, 
oblique truncato. Anthera cucullata, basi in clinandrium immersa, subsemi- 
orbicularis, apice truncata, connectivo antice triangulo-incrassato, fere c. 2 cm. 
lata. Pollinia 4, oblonga, a latere compressa, exteriora extus convexa. Rostel- 
lum distinctum, porrectum, late obtuse triangulum. Stigma quadrangulum. 
Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum obtusum fere rectum faciens, incur- 
vulus, lineari-oblongus, truncatus, sulco intramarginali in gynostemium 
decurrente utrinque, bene 0.4 cm. longus. Ovarium obconicum, curvulum, 
6sulcatum, furfuraceo-puncticulatum, £. 0.35 cm. longum; pedicellus tenuior, 
fere epunctatus, c. 0,4 cm. longus. 


Lingga Archipelago: Poeloe Lingga, Goenoeng Daik, 500 m., 
epiphytical in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER n. 6694, July 1919). Poeloe 
Singkep, Kampoeng Baroe, 40 m., epiphytical in forest. (H. A. B. BüNNE- 
MEIJER n. 7369, August 1919). 


This differs from the allied species known from the neighbouring 
regions à. 0. in the very short transverse petals. These are very much the 
same in B. Theunissenii J.].S., but here the lip has distinct side lobes. 

»Flowers violet, yellow striped violet at the base.” (BäNNEMEIJER n. 6694). 

»Flowers light brown striped dark brown. Upper portion of lip almost 
wholly brown red.” (BüNNEMEIJER n. 7369). 

Description from herbarium and one flower preserved in alcohol. 

In n. 6694 the flowering part of the inflorescence is wanting whereas 
n. 7369 Iacks flowers. I have no doubt that both numbers represent the 
same species. 


Bulbophyllum (sect. Polyblepharon) languidum Jj.].S. n. sp. 

Rhizoma dependens, basi tantum radicans, flaccidum, ramosum, tenue, 
serpentinum, c. 30 cm. longum, vaginis mox fatiscentibus paucos nervos 
relinquentibus tectum. Pseudobulbi c. 1 cm. dissiti, rhizoma continui, basi 
eo adpressi et rhizoma amplectentes, dimidio superiore patentes et cum 
rhizomate angulum acutum facientes, sicco satis tenues, facie rhizoma versus 
spectante canaliculati, c. 0.6—0.75 cm. longi. Folium ovato-lanceolatum, 
acutum, longius mucronatum, basi obtusum, c. Onervium, ad c. 2.75 cm. 
longum, 0.8 cm. latum. Inflorescentiae e nodis rhizomatis, fasciculatae, 
vaginulis amplectentibus tectae, succedanee florentes, pedunculo c. 0.45 cm. 
longo. Bractea infundibuliformis, c. 0.08 cm. longa. Flos parvus, maceratus 
fere 0.4 cm. longus, sepalis petalisque conniventibus apice recurvis. Sepalum 
dorsale quinquangulari-ovatum, acutum, concavum, 3nervium, 0.36 cm. 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 93 





. 
longum, 0.18 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia oblique triangula, acuta, vix apicu- 
lata, ciliolata, 3nervia, c. 0.36 cm. longa, 0.175 cm. lata. Petala e basi 
oblique oblonga superne longius ciliata c. 0.16 cm. longa 0.07 cm. lata 
in appendicem elongatam filiformem basi ciliatam deinde papillosam apice 
recurvulo glabram c. 0.225 cm. longam contracta, Inervia. Labellum mobile, 
valde undatum, unguiculatum, 3nervium, explanatum €. 0.3 cm. longum, 
ungue lineari, callo conspicuo reverso a latere compresso (macerato) triangulo 
acuto donato, c. 0.1 cm. longo, lamina basi concava, ceterum convexa, 
marginibus recurvis longius ciliata, c. 0.2 cm. loñga, e basi ovato-triangula 
c. 0.75 cm. lata dimidio superiore in appendicem subteretem subclavatam 
obtusam puberulam contracta. Gynostemium verisimiliter a dorso compres- 
sum, C. 0.1 cm. longum, clinandrio concavo, filamento subulato, auriculis 
filamentum superantibus, subulatis, falcatis, margine inferiore dente multo 
minore instructis. Anthera cucullata, basi late obtusangule excisa, apice 
lato truncato breviter incurva, €. 0.05 cm. lata, connectivo valde gibboso, 
a latere compresso, obtuso, papilloso. Pollinia in unum transverse subglo- 
bosum convexum subtus subplanum unita, 2 interiora minima. Pes gynostemii 
cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, carnosus, canaliculatus, apice abrupte 
rotundato-attenuatus, c. 0.04 cm. longus. Ovarium pedicellatum c. 0.075 cm. 
longum. 


Ternate : Toramadiahi, c. 600 m. (V.M. A. BEGUIN n. 1335, January 1921). 


In the form of the petals this resembles the Papuan B. palilabre J.].S., 
which, however, in all other respects is quite different. 

»Stems dependent. Leaves dark green. Flower greenish white with a 
little violet”. (BEGUIN). 

Description from herbarium. 


Bulbophyllum (sect. Fruticicola) perductum J.J.S. in FI Buit. VI, 
Orch. (1905), 451; Atlas Fig. CCCXLIIL. 

var. sebesiense J.]J.S. n. var. 

Labellum subtus et basi purpureum, apice flavum, supra apicem flave- 
scens purpurascenti-suffusum. Gynostemium pallide flavescens, pede basi 
excepta purpureum. 


Island of Sebesi: Soenda Street. (W. M. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN, 
liv. pl. cult. in his garden). 


The variaty differs mainly in the colour of the lip. 


Sarcochilus clausus J.].S. n.sp. | 

Caulis abbreviatus, c. 2 cm. longus, internodiis brevibus, radicibus 
crassiusculis. Folia oblique oblonga, apice angustata et altius oblique biden- 
tata, dentibus triangulis anguste obtusis (vel acutis?), basi angustata et bre- 
viter contracta, costa media supra sulcata subtus obtuse prominente, carnosa, 


04 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LivR. 1. 








e 

dilute viridia, c. 11 cm. longa, 3.8 cm. lata; vagina brevis, tubulosa, margine 
recurva, dilute viridis. Inflorescentia laxe pluriflora, quaquaversa, pedun- 
culo!t£ 1 ER trachide aneulatnen ts emAlonaa internodiis c. 1—1.6 
cm. longis, facie florem versus spectante excavatis. Bracteae adpressae, 
rachidem semiamplectentes, breves, late triangulae, obtusissimae, concavae, 
ad c. 0.4 cm. longae. Flores c. 10, majusculi, c. 3.25 cm. longi. Sepalum 
dorsale erectum, apice obtusangule incurvum, valde concavum, oblongum, 
apice vix contracto retusoque minutissime erosulum, dorso et intus ad basin 
parce furfuraceum, 5nervium, €. 1.7 cm. longum, 0.7 cm. latum. Sepala 
lateralia ad pedem gynostemii decurrentia, reflexa, dorso ovario adpressa, 
deorsum spectantia, oblique obovato-rhombea, apice contracta et rotundata, 
basi obliqua, dorso et intus ad basin parce furfuracea, 5nervia, c. 1.55 cm. 
longa, bene 1 cm., basi 0.7 cm. lata. Petala reflexa, basi convexa, ceterum 
concava, oblique subspathulato-oblonga, obtusissima, superne erosula, 3nervia, 
c. 1.4 cm. longa; basi 0.325 cm., superne bene 0.6 cm. lata. Labellum 
parvulum, mobile, calcaratum, 3lobum, a latere compressum, c. 0.83 cm. 
longum, ab apice lobi intermedii usque apicem calcaris 0.975 cm., a basi 
usque apicem calcaris 0.76 cm. metiens, 0.36 cm. latum, ambitu a latere 
visum triangulum, margine postico leviter, margine antico manifeste sig- 
moideum:; lobi laterales latissimi, brevissimi, margine leviter rotundati, 
crasse carnosi, antice incrassatione transversa alte excisa bilobula conjuncti, 
lobulis trigonis obtusis; lobus intermedius adscendens, triangulus, satis 
acutus, apice attenuatus, subtus convexus, c. 0.32 cm. longus ; calcar deorsum 
spectans, pedem gynostemii continuum, vix incurvulum, leviter a latere 
compressum, conicum, obtusum, basi ampliatum, fauce lamella horizontali 
omnino adnata carnosula ad basin lobi intermedii tantum perforata costula 
longitudinali instructa clausum. Gynostemium gracile, clavatum, rectum, 
absque anthera 1.1 cm. longum, clinandrio concavo, transverse subovali. 
Rostellum conspicuum, cum gynostermio angulum subrectum faciens. Stigma 
magnum, concavum, orbiculare. Pes gynostemii basi ovario adnatus, cum 
ovario angulum acutum, cum gynostemio angulum rotundato-rectum faciens, 
incurvulus, linearis, carnosus, apice antice calloso-incrassatus, totus c. 1.1 cm. 
longus. Ovarium sessile, tenue, 6sulcatum, apice valde obliquum, c. 2.7 cm. 
longum. 


Sumatra: Padangsche Bovenlanden, Boekit Paloempang near Sidjoeng- 
djoeng. (A. V. THEUNISSEN, cuit. in Hort. E. JACOBSON sub n. 1632). 


À very interesting species with the entrance of the spur closed by a 
horizontal plate which has a hole near the base of the midlobe. 

,»Ovary very light yellow. Sepals and petals dark yellow, suffused 
with light violet, apex white. Lip white spotted violet at the base and in 
the middle, inside light yellow with a violet ring at the mouth of the 
spur. Column brownish yellow, apex greenish yellow, anther yellow ; foot 
base light yellow, apex white stained with light violet.” (E. JACOBSON). 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 95 
Description from a weak living plant without flowers, and inflorescences 
preserved in alcohol. 


CORDIGLOTTIS J.J.S. n. gen. 


Sepalum dorsale et petala subsimilia.  Sepala lateralia paulo latiora, ad 
pedem gynostemii decurrentia. Labellum apici pedis gynostemii elastice (?) 
insertum, simplex, ecalcaratum, e basi unguiculata valde dilatatum, cordatum, 
concavum, cum Callo transverso in medio. Gynostemium majusculum, 
latum, pede conspicuo. Anthera transversa. Pollinia 4, subaequalia, stipite 
late cuneato, glandula conspicua. Stigma magnum. 

Caulis brevis. Folia teretia. Inflorescentiae apice dense multiflorae, 
quaquaversae. Flores singulatim florentes. 


This new genus is perhaps nearest to Z'hrixspermum, from which it 
differs in the unguiculate not saccate lip, the long bent column, the nearly 
equal pollinia and the large stigma. From Chroniochilus, Chamaeanthus 
and Sarcochilus it is distinguished readily by the four pollinia. 


Cordiglottis Westenenkii |. ].S. n. sp. 

Caulis teres, c. 2.5 cm. longus, internodiis c. 0.6—0.7 cm. longis, 
radicibus cauli aequicrassis. Folia patentia, elongata, teretia, tenuia, obtusa, 
esulcata, ad c. 17 cm. longa, 0.15 cm. diam.; vaginae tubulosae, laeves, 
€. 0.175 cm. diam. Inflorescentiae vaginam perforantes, patentissimae, 
dense multiflorae, diu flores gignentes, glabrae, pedunculo filiformi, apice 
obconico-incrassato, c. 1.3—2 cm. longo, nonnullis vaginulis tubulosis 
donato, rachide incrassata, 1.4 cm, vel plus longa, c. 0.16 cm., cum 
bracteis 0.4 cm. diam., internodiis abbreviatis. Bracteae patentissimae, rachidem 
semiamplectentes, triangulae, concavae, dorso valde carinatae, carina apice 
producta, carnosulae, dorso c. 0.15 cm. longae. Flores singulatim florentes, 
bene aperti, c. 1.1 cm. lat Sepalum dorsale apice recurvum, oblongum, 
breviter acutum, basin versus paululum angustatum, convexum, 5nervium, 
c. 0.7 cm. longum, 0.225 cm. latum. Sepala lateralia ad pedem gynostemii 
decurrentia, oblique oblongo-triangula, apicem recurvum versus angustata, 
obtusa, convexa, 5nervia, costa media dorso leviter incrassata praesertim 
superne, C. 0.65 cm. longa, fere 0.35 cm. lata. Petala fere in medio recurva, 
oblique anguste subspathulata, obtusa, 3nervia, c. 0.7 cm. longa, basi fere 
0.125 cm., superne 0.175 cm. lata. Labellum apici pedis gynostemii insertum, 
mobile (?), sigmoideum, simplex, latum, unguiculatum, 3nervium, nervis 
exterioribus basi furcatis, callo parvulo transverso inclinato apice vix libero 
subtrapeziformi truncato in medio labelli, explanatum totum c. 0.7 cm. longum, 
ungue cunéato-quadrangulo, concavo, dorso convexo, c. 0.17 cm. longo, basi 
0.16 cm., apice 0.275 cm. lato, lamina concava, marginem versus convexa, 
late subreniformi-triangula, obtusa, lobis basilaribus rotundatis, c. 0.54 cm. 
longa, 0.82 cm. lata. Gynostemium majusculum, leviter curvatum, latum, a 


96 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





dorso compressum, ovali-oblongum, dorso convexum, apice oblique trunca- 
tum, €. 0.35 cm. longum, clinandrio transverse ovali, concavo cum costula 
longitudinali, margine postico (apice) late rotundato retuso. Anthera cucullata, 
transverse aequilateraliter subtrapeziformis, apice lato breviter bidentata ero- 
sulaque, tenuis, €. 0.2 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, paulo inaequimagna, a dorso 
compressa, subovata, basi truncata, 2 postica quam antica paulo angustiora, 
c. 0.08 cm. longa, stipite lato, cuneato, antice convexo, parte superiore di- 
latato rotundato leviter concavo, cum glandula majuscula triangula apice 
lato recurva c. 0.13 cm. longo. Rostellum bidentatum, dentibus remotis. 
Stigma magnum, alte excavatum, ovato-orbiculare, basi apiceque truncatum. 
Pes gynostemii cum ovario angulum acutum faciens, vix incurvulus, 
oblongus, apicem versus leviter angustatus, truncatus, c. 0.25 cm. longus. 
Ovarium pedicellatum 6sulcatum, €. 0.5 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: Benkoelen, Lebong, Rimbo Pengadang. (L. C. WESTENENK, 
June 1916, AJOEB n. 223). Oostkust, Besitan-river, Boekit Koeboe. (C. R. 
W. K. VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH, from a sketch). 


Only one species of this new genus is hitherto known to science, but 
it is possible that another one grows in Borneo, where it was collected 
by Dr. R. SCHLECHTER. Unfortunately, as Dr. SCHLECHTER wrote me, his 
material has been lost. 

The native collector AJOEB describes the flowers as red with a yellow 
lip. On the sketch in watercolours by Mr. VAN ALDERWERLT VAN ROSEN- 
BURGH the sepals and petals are chestnut brown with a yellow midline, 
the sepals bordered with the same colour and the lip yellow with brown dots. 

Description from a single specimen preserved in alcohol. 


Thrixspermum (sect. Dendrocolla) longipilosum ].].S. n. sp. 

Caulis elongatus, sectione transversa ovalis, c. 20 cm. longus, 0.275 cm. 
latus, internodiis c. 0.85—0.95 cm. longis, radicibus singulis elongatis vaginam 
supra inflorescentiam perforantibus. Folia patentia, recurvula, ligulata, apice 
inaequaliter obtuse biloba et manifeste erosa, basi paulum angustata, concava, 
dorso convexa, costa media supra sulcata subtus ad apicem carinata, 
carnosula, €. 5—5.5 cm. longa, 1.2—1,5 cm. lata; vagina tubulosa, longi- 
tudinaliter prominenter nervosa, bene 0.4 cm. lata. Inflorescentiae vaginam 
dorso ad basin perforantes, adscendentes, folia multo superantes, apice 
dense multiflorae, pedunculo satis valido, rigido, tereti, apice obconico- 
incrassato, c. 17—21 cm. longo, 0.15 cm. diam., vaginulis c. 3 in parte 
inferiore, rachide crassa, c. 1.5 cm. longa, 0.4 cm., cum bracteis 1.1 cm. 
diam. Bracteae quaquaversae, subpatentissimae, e basi lata rachidem semiam- 
plectente crassiuscule triangulo-subulatae, acutae, concavae, dorso angulatae, 
c. 0.5 cm. longae, Flores intervallis expansi, mediocres, c. 2.1 em. lati, 
sepalis petalisque patentissimis. Sepalum dorsale e basi unguiculato-contracta 
subabrupte in laminam oblongo-ellipticam brevissime apiculatam dilatatum, 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 97 








concavum, supra basin 5nervium, totum fere 1.2 cm. longum, 0.54 cm. latum, 
ungue 0.2 cm. longo, 0.25 cm. lato. Sepala lateralia patentissima, e basi 
leviter cuneato-contracta oblique subovata, obtusissima, margine antico basi 
recurvula, obtusangule concava, dorso carinata, 5nervia, fere 1.2 cm. longa, 
0.57 cm. lata. Petala oblique spathulata, ex ungue quadrangulo in laminam 
subovalem obtusissimam dilatata, bene concava, 3nervia, fere 1:1 cm. longa, 
fere 0.5 cm., ungue 0.225 cm. lata. Labellum basi lata pedi gynostemii 
insertum, saccatum, 3lobum, ex apice lobi intermedii usque apicem ovarii 
c. 0.825 cm., ex apice loborum lateralium usque apicem calcaris c. 0.9 
cm, metiens (absque pilis), explanatum bene 0.7 cm.longum, 1.3 cm. latum, 
callo transverso inclinato quadrangulo truncato medio vix producto vel plus 
minusve trilobulato vel tridentato glabro intus in flexu, fascia villosa lon- 
gitudinali e callo in saccum decurrente, lobis lateralibus utrinque longissime 
lobo intermedio extus et margine longe clavato-pilosis; lobi laterales magni, 
erecti, incurvuli, gynostemium bene superantes, leviter concavi, oblique 
trianguli, margine postico rotundati, margine antico recti, apice rotundati; 
lobus intermedius oblique erectus, cum calcari angulum obtusum 
faciens, concavus, supra visus late triangulus, subtus infra apicem 
rectangule conico-incrassatus, explanatus semiovalis, lobos lateralesaequans, . 
cum eis angulos obtusos faciens, c. 0.13 cm. longus, 0.36 cm. latus; 
calcar saccatum, dorso pedem gynostemii continuum et supra basin 
fere rotundato-rectangule incurvum, apice fere truncato-obtusissimum, 
sulco longitudinali retüsum, usque apicem ovarii €. 0.55 cm. longum. 
Gynostemium rectum, latum, apice angustatum et vix oblique truncatum, 
subtus inferne (cum pede) marginibus manifeste rotundato-dilatatis excavato- 
concavum, €. 0.3 cm. longum, clinandrio leviter concavo, apice breviter 
‘producto et obtuse bilobulato, pede cum ovario angulum subrectum faciente, 
c. 0.2 cm. longo. Anthera cucullata, tenuis, rotundato-quadrangula, apice 
medio leviter retusa et dente minuto triangulo acuto apiculata, c. 0.123 cm. 
lata. Pollinia 4, inaequalia, ovali-oblonga, apice rotundata, antice convexa, 
postica minora, cum stipite brevissimo apice libero triangulo et glandula 
parva semilunata c. 0.13 cm. longa. Rostellum brevissimum, remote biden- 
tatum. Stigma transverse ellipticum. Ovarium 6sulcatum, c. 0.9 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: Bantjah, Goenoeng Singgalang. (E. JACOBSON, cult. sub 
621972): 


The species is nearly allied to 7h. squarrosum J.].S. of Java. It differs 
from the latter in the much more robust scapes, larger flowers, a rounded 
midiobe and the side lobes being very hairy outside. Perhaps they will 
prove to be local forms. 

Peduncle yellowish green. Ovary light yellowish green. Sepals and 
petals transparently white, faintly tinted with yellow. Lip light yellow, 
dotted light brown. Column white. The flowers have a strong and unpleasant 
odour, in the way of Vanda helvola BL.” (E. JACOBSON). 





98 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 


Description from plants preserved in alcohol. 


à var. korintjiense J.]J.S. n. var. 

Folia sicco c. 0.7—1 cm. lata Pedunculus validus, c. 25—38 cm. 
longus; rachis ad c. 5 cm. longa, cum bracteis ad c. 1.5—1.7 cm. diam. 
Bracteae ad c. 0.7—0.8 cm. longae. Labelli lobus intermedius breviter 
pilosus. Fructus c. 9.5 cm. longus. 

| 
| 
| 


Sumatra: West coast, Korintji Peak, 1100—1600 m., forest on trees. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIER nrs. 8380, 8611, 8679, 8750, 8784, 8901, 8956, 
March 1920). 


Differing from the type in the stronger inflorescences, longer bracts, 
and the hairs of the midlobe of the lip being much shorter. 


Microsaccus dempoensis ].].S. n. sp. 

Pusillus. Caulis dependens, c. 5.5 cm. longus, dense foliatus, basi 
tantum radicans, cum foliis c. 0.709 cm. latus, internodiis c. 0.1—0.125 
cm. longis. Folia subpatentissima, equitantia, lateraliter compressa, oblique 
oblonga, apice angustata, margine superiore et inferiore praesertim superne 
curvata, Qbtusa vel subacuta, lateribus convexa et transverse rugulosa, supra 
©. %/, partibus inferioribus excavatione triangula vaginato-fissa, carnosa, 
tota c. 0.475—0.6 cm. longa, 0.225—026 cm. lata; vagina brevissima, 
tubulosa. Inflorescentiae axillares, brevissimae, 2florae, pedunculo incluso. 
Bracteae concavae, membranaceae. Flores parvi. Sepalum dorsale subobovato- 
oblongum, obtusum, intus subplanum, dorso convexum, apicem versus 
praesertim medio incrassatum, S3nervium, fere 0.3 cm. longum, 0.1 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia oblique oblonga, supra basin leviter falcatula, apice 
angustata, obtusa, intus subplana, extus medio valde convexo-incrassata, 
superne trigona, 3nervia, c. 0.3 cm. longa, 0.1 cm. lata. Petala oblique 
elliptica, obtusa, basi contracta, concava, dorso obtusangule convexa, 
Inervia, c. 0.2 cm. longa, 0.1 cm. lata. Labellum basi gynostemio fere 
omnino adnatum, totum c. 0.26 cm. longum; lamina gynostemium longe 
superans, recurvula, cum gynostemio angulum faciens, recta, carnosula, 
supra visa oblonga, obtusangule obtusa, subtus convexa, supra subplana, 
canaliculata, in utraque canaliculi parte apice excepto incrassata, 3nervia, usque 
apicem ovarii C. 0.17 cm. longa, parte libera c. 0.13 cm, longa, 0.12 cm. 
lata; calcar reversum, incurvulum vel pressione rectum et ovario adpressum, 
scrotiforme, basi contractum, subtus canaliculatum, c. 0.13 cm, longum, 
0.125 cm. latum. Gynostemium fere tota longitudine labello adnatum, latius quam | 
longum, dorso convexum, fere 0.075 cm. longum. Anthera cucullata, ambitu 
late ovato-triangula, in rostrum membranaceum latum truncatum producta, 

C. 0.07 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, subsemiglobosa, introrsum excavata, Ovarium 
C. 0.15 cm. longum. Capsula sessilis, ovalis, c. 0,4 cm. longa, 0.26 cm. diam. 


Sumatra: Benkoelen, Goenoeng Dempoe, ls Le (Exp. E. JACOBSON, 
AJOEB n. 485, August 1916). 


SMITH : Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. 99 

This much resemble M. brevifoliuis J.J.S. but the lamina of the lip is 
not dilated towards the tip with incurved margins. 

It is a curious fact that the species of Microsaccus often grow together 
with species of Adenoncos. This has been stated as well in Java as in 
Sumatra. M. démpoensis grew together with Adenoncos virens BL; the 
plants were even collected under the same number. 

Description from very few plants preserved in alcohol. 


Microsaccus ampullaceus J. J. S. n. sp. 

Caulis dependens, ramosus, apicibus incurvus, viridis, dense foliatus, 
ad c. 9 cm. longus, cum foliis ad c. 2.3 cm. latus, basi tantum radices tenues 
emittens. Folia subpatentissima, lateraliter compressa, oblique oblongo-triangu- 
la, leviter acuminata, acuta, lateribus convexa, basi supra breviter fissa, 
viridia, © 1.2 cm. longa, fere 0.4 cm. alta; vaginae tubulosae, lateraliter com- 
pressae, apice obliquae, virides, internodia superantes. Inflorescentiae axilla- 
res, brevissimae, biflorae, pedunculo abbreviato, nonnullis vaginulis latis teneris 
pellucidis albis apice virescentibus in bracteas vergentibus donato. Bracteae 
Ovarium superantes, conduplicato-concavae, superne carinatae, acutae, colore 
vaginularum, ad c. 0.34 cm, longae. Flores parvi, carnosuli, nivei, c. 0.5 cm. 
lati, 0 475 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale erectum, ovarium continuum, lineari- 
oblongum, apice vix dilatatum, obtusum, interdum minute apiculatum, 
utrinque convexum, intus inconspicue sulcatum, c. 0.275 cm. longum, 0.075 cm. 
latum. Sepala lateralia subpatentissima, plus minusve reflexa, basi vix torta, 
oblique lineari-oblonga, obtusa, basi tenui paulo dilatata ad calcar decurrentia, 
leviter concava, dorso incrassata et praesertim apicem versus subcarinäta, 
sectione transversa triangula, c. 0.25 cm. longa, basi 0.1 cm., medio 0.06 cm. 
lata. Petala patentia, labello adpressa, oblique ovalia, obtusa, concava, dorso 
convexa, cum costa media dorso superne convexo-incrassata, c. 0.24 cm. 
longa, 0.13 cm. lata. Labellum a dorso compressum, subtus visum urceolatum, 
subtus longitudinaliter sulcatum, omnino niveum, totum c. 0.37 cm. longum; 
lamina dimidio inferiore gynostemio adnata, calcar continua, ambitu quadran- 
gula, truncata, vix retusa, canaliculata cum sulco longitudinali et lateribus 
convexis, carnosa, c. 0.15 cm. longa, 0.13 cm. lata; calcar valde dilatatum, 
ambiti suborbiculare, sulco retusum, c. 0.225 cm. latum. Gynostemium cum 
anthera labello vix brevius, a dorso compressum apice valde dilatatum, 
dorso convexum, c. 0.15 cm. longum, apice fere 0.1 cm, latum, clinandrio 
transverso, concavo, margine postico rotundato-truncato erosuloque. Anthera 
cucullata, rotundato-triangula, apice incurvulo obtusa, connectivo gibboso- 
incrassato, alba, c. 0.07 cm. lata. Pollinia 4, obovoideo-ovalia, dilute flava, 
cum stipite cuneato antice convexo albo et glandula lineari alba c. 0.08 cm. 
longa. Rostellum patentissimum, rectangule incurvum et parte superiore in 
lacinias 2 subulatas partitum. Stigma transversum, latum. Ovarium album, 
c. 0.3 cm. longum. 


100 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 





Sumatra: Palembang. (F. M. ENDERT, liv. pl. cult. in Hort. Bog. 
sub n, 32). R 


This species is at once distinguished by the very broad spur, which 
is abruptly contracted in the lamina. 
Description from living specimens. 


Microsaccus albovirescens J.]J.S. n. sp. 

Caulis elongatus, dense foliatus, pars adest c. 15 cm. longa, cum foliis 
1.4 cm. lata, internodiis c. 0.2—0.25 cm. longis. Folia patentia, lateraliter 
compressa, oblique oblongo-triangula, oblique acuminata, acuta, lateralibus 
convexa, C. 0.65 -0.7 cm. longa, 0.3—0.325 cm. lata; vaginae internodia 
superantes, tubulosae, lateraliter compressae, apice obliquae. Inflorescentiae 
brevissimae, biflorae, pedunculo abbreviato, vagina incluso, nonnullis vagi- 
nulis in bracteas vergentibus donato. Bracteae patentes, subtriangulae, 
acuminatae, acutae, concavae, tenerae, c. 0.25 cm. longae. Flores bene 0.4 
cm. lati, 0.55 cm. longi. Sepalum dorsale erectum, ovarium continuum, 
anguste obovato-oblongum, obtusum, leviter concavum, dorso ad apicem 
leviter incrassatum, Inervium, c. 0.25 cm. longum, 0.075 cm. latum. Sepala 
lateralia patentia, divergentia, supra basin falcato-incurva, margine antico 
supra basin in lobulum obtuse triangulum dilatata, parte antica recta, 
lineari-oblonga, obtusa, concava, dorso valde carinato-incrassata, c. 0.23 
cm. longa, 0.06 cm.,, supra basin 0.13 cm. lata. Petala parva, erecta, 
gynostemio et labello adpressa, oblique subelliptica, obtusa, basi leviter 
contracta, concava, Inervia, c. 0.175 cm. longa, bene 0.075 cm. lata. 
Labellum longe calcaratum, rectum, totum c. 0.45 cm. longum, lamina 
usque medium gynostemio adnata, gynostemium paulum superans, 
quadrangula, apicem versus angustata, rotundato-truncata, carnosa, valide 
concava, subtus convexa, c. 0.15 cm. longa; calcar reversum, ovario 
parallelum, rectum, berne a dorso compressum, infra apicem leviter 
angulato-dilatatum, apice angustatum et altius obtuse bilobulum, fere 0.3 
cm. longum, 0.16 cm. latum. Gynostemium breve, apicem versus dilata- 
tum et late rotundatum, dorso convexum, clinandrio excavato, margine 
inferiore rostello arcte reflexo prominente. Anthera cucullata, peculiaris, 
antice visa triangula basi utrinque rotundata, apice lata tenuisque, connectivo 
antice in gibbum conspicuum porrectum obtusum subverruculosum apicem 
antherae aequans et cum eo angulum faciens producto, c. 0.05 cm. lata. 
Pollinia 4, suboblique obovoidea, stipite cuneato, supra basin recurvo, 
antice convexo, apice inflexo 2lobulo, glandula longa, anguste lineari, 
paulo a latere compressa. Rostellum reflexum, medio incurvum, gynostemium 
aequans, in lacinias subulatas bifidum. Stigma obverse triangulum. Ova- 
rium rectum, c. 0.375 cm. longum. 


Sumatra: Craterwall of Manindjau-lake, 600—800 m. (E. JACOBSON, 
cult. sub n. 682). 


SMITH: Orchidaceae novae Malayenses X. . 101 

In its habit this much resembles M. canaliculatus TJ. ].S. from the same 
spot. It has, however, acute leaves, different sepals, the lip narrowed to 
the apex and not retuse, a longer spur and a curious anther. The colour 
too is different. 

,Bract diaphanous white, ovary white, sepals, petals and lip white 
with the apical half light greenish yellow, the lip with à light green 
nectary, spur white.” (Ë. JACOBSON). 

Description from materials preserved in alcohol. 


I'N°D EX; 

Amblyglottis BI. Coelogyne Endi. 

PROD MES 0 ee 71 Buennemeyer j Jus 28 

Anoectochilus BI. cymbidiodes Rchb. i. 
longicalcaratus J. J. S. . . 18 malintanpensis, Jn2S#Mr01."20 

Aphyllorchis BI. xyloboides Krzl. 
smmaranau]s JS, 15 Cordiglottis J. J.S. 

Appendicula BI. Westenenkii PPS. 05 
brevimentum J. J. S.. . . 64 Cryptostylis R. Br. 
kinabaluensis J. J. S. . . 65 conspicua J.].S. var. suma- 
Theunissenii J. J. S. . 2103 trana J.J.S. . . . . . 14 

M D Cystorchis BI. 

rundina BI. 
aberrans JAIES:A'MRORENT 28 
revoluta Hook. f. var. bor- 
rer NON appendiculata TISURMEN/ 20 
Dendrobium Sw. 

Bulbophyllum Thou. DatakenSeMIM EE S TA MrRANUAEER 
languidum LES 92 crepiditerumeJ il Sn 80 
linggense J. J.S.. . . .91 Dammerboerita}. J4S204000.80 
perductum J.]J.S. var. sebe- fusco-pilosum A. et S. . . 82 

SIONSE JAN ot 1 sac. 03 Hagerupii J. J. S. . . . . 78 

Calanthe R. Br. inOpinatutu}; SAONE 88 
aureiflora J. J. S.. . . . 67 orbicnlare JS CobonUe2 
mec RehD. there: 71 pedicellatum J. J. S. . . . 83 
chnicalcart[;<l Sir 25:92. 68 pedicellatum J. J. S. var. 
SrRatranseBl tr ouest ni oblongum J.]J. S. . . . 84 
tansiens ul: Sir: cmut. 70 quadrialatum J. J. S.. . . 87 
veratrifolia R. Br. var. dupli- saceuliferum J. J. Si:1 2077 

ciloba J. J. S. . . . . 69 siberutense J. J. S. 1110. 82 
vestita Wall. var. suma- transtilliferum J. J. S. . . 85 

fraga /Schlir"0." : . . 71 ventrilabium J. J. S. . . . 84 
villosa Rchb. f. Dendrochilum Bi. 

Chilopogon Schitr. acuminatum J. J. S. var. 


kRinabaluense Ames. . . . 65 jxum.]. EE: SR 


102 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 


Dendrochilum BI. 
adpressibulbum ]J.].S. 
alboviride J.].S. 
appendiculatum J.]J.S. 
basale J.]J.S. 
complectens J.].S. 
déciptens TJS"; .- 
duplicibrachium J.]J.S. 
fruticicola J.]J.S. 
furfuraceum J.]J.S. 
insectiferum J.].S. 
korintjiense J. J.S. 
lamellatum J.J.S.. 
htilobum |: JS 
liparidiflorum J. ].S. 
longicaule J. J. S. 
ophiopogonoides J. J. S 
ophiopogonoides J. J. S. 

var. merapiense J. J. S 
Ovatiim J. J./S:. 
papillosum J. J. S. 
pholidotoides J. J. S 
ramosissimum J. J. S 

rigidulum J. J S. 
talamauense J. J. S 
ventricosum J. J..S 

Eria Lndl. 
erosuia dl. SAONE: 
obliterata Rchb. f. var. 

sumatrana J. ]. S.. 
petiolata J. J. S. 
purpureocentrum J. J. S. 

Erythrodes BI. 
amboinensis J. J. S. 
brevicalcar J. J. S. 

Eulophia R. Br. 


bicolor BI. var. celebica].J.S. 


Galeola Lour. 
ternatensis J..]. S: 


190 
. 29 
. 49 
1190 
82 
90 


15 
15 


up 


Goodyera R. Br. 
arfakensis ]. J. S. 
Gibbsiae J. J. S.. 

Gynoglottis ]. J. S. 
cymbidioides J. J. S. 

Hetaeria BI. 
rostraid ]-1]75- 


Microsaccus BI. 
albovirescens J. J. S. 
ampullaceus J, J. S.. 
dempoensis JS 


. Microstylis Nutt. 


ternatensis }-q.S; 
Peristylus BI. 

tobensiS JMS 
Physurus LC. Rick 

herpysmoides K. et P. var. 

amboinensis J. J. S.. 

Platanthera L. C. Rich. 

angustata Lndi. var. singga- 

langensis J. J. S.. 

Platyclinis Bth. 

insectifera Ridi. . 

ramosissimus Ridi. . 
Podochilus BI. 

forficuloides 2JF JS: 
Preptanthe Rchb. f. 

villosa Rchb. f. . 
Sarcochilus R. Br. 

clausus J. J. S. 
Tainia BI. 

sumatrana J. J.S. 

tenera ]J9].:5.* 


.Thrixspermum Lour. 


longipilosum 4); 508 
longipilosum J. J. S. var. 
korintjiense J. J. S. . 


23 


. 100 


99 
98 


61 


12 


14 


sy 


INDEX LOGANIACEARUM ET BUDDLEIACEARUM, 
QUAE ANNO 1922 IN HORTO BOTANICO 
BOGORIENSI COLUNTUR, 


Auctore 


H. CAMMERLOHER. 


Loganiaceae. 


Crateriphytum SCHEFF. 
. moluccantym SCHEFF. Ambon, Il | 18. 


Fagraea THUNB. 
auriculata JACK Banka. X G 18, XVI À 38. 
borneensis SCHEFF. Borneo. X G 30, XVI A 34. 
carnosa JACK. Patria? XVI A 45. 
elliptica ROXB. Java. IV A 113. 
euneura SCHEFF. Moluccae, Halmaheira. X G 27. 
fragrans ROXB. Sumatra. IV A 04; 
Patria? IV A 101. 
imperialis MIQ. Sumatra. IV A 124: 
Sumatra. X G 31. 
lanceolata BL. Patria? XG 26, XG 28a, XVI A 32; /: XVI. A4: 
AMI ASAG XX F728 
litoralis BL. Boeroe. XVI A 37: 
ERA ROSE AVIPA 235  AVIAZS 233297 IA 
racemosa JACK Java. IV A 112; 
Nova Guinea. V D 59. 
sumatrana MIQ. Banka. IV A 127. 


Geniostoma FORST. 
celebicum VAL. Patria? X G 24, 
moluccanum VAL. Patria? X G 22. 


Mitreola L. 
paniculata WALL. Kangean. XV K A XXXIHI 5. 


Spigelia L. 
j anthelmia L, Patria? XV K A XXXIII 0. 


104 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 1. 








Strychnos L. 
axillaris COLEBR. Ambon. XVI A 55. 
laurina WALL. Java X G 44, XVI A 58. 
nux vomica LInd."or.-IV'A 116: 

Ind. or. X G 19. 

potatorum L,F. Ind. or. IV A 123. 
spinosa LAM. Madagascar. XVI A 57. 
Tieuté LESCH. X'G 46. 


Buddleiaceae. 


Buddieia L. 
asiatica LOUR. Patria? XV J A XXXI 5. 
Lindleyana FORT. Patria? XV JB XXI 6. 
madagascariensis LAM. Patria? XVI A 61. 
variabilis LINDL, Borneo. XV KB XXII 9. 

Nicodemia TEN. ° 
diversifolia Tenore. Madagascar. XVI A 60. 


STEARINSAURE IM MILCHSAFT VON FICUS 
FULVA REINW. 


von 
AH ULTÉE. 


In einer früheren Mitteilung ‘) habe ich über das Vorkommen eines 
wachsartigen Kôrpers im Milchsaft von Ficus elastica ROXB. und Casfilloa 
elastica CERV. berichtet, der sich aber in so geringer Menge fand, dass 
vorläufig von einer eingehenderen Untersuchung abgesehen werden musste. 
In der Hoffnung, dass andere Ficus-Arten reichlichere Mengen dieses oder 
eines verwandten Wachses liefern würden, unterzog ich ihren Milchsaft 
einer näheren Untersuchung. 

Bei Ficus Vogelii MIQ.?) war das Resultat negativ, obwohl im koagu- 
lierten Produkt 25°% Harz vorkommen; dagegen erwies sich bei Ficus 
fulva der Wachsgehalt als so hoch, dass eine nähere Untersuchung müg- 
lich schien. 

Am Ostabhang des Tengger-Gebirges (Ostjava) traf ich ein Exemplar 
einer mir unbekannten ÆFicus-Art an, die mir Dr. SMITH, Direktor am 
Herbarium des botanischen Gartens in Buitenzorg, in liebenswürdigster 
Weise als Ficus fulva REINW. determinierte. 

Auf die übliche Weise wurde der Saft aus dem Stamm gewonnen und 
auf der Stelle mit Alkohol koaguliert, wodurch ich ungefähr 12 g. des 
lufttrockenen Produktes erhielt. Der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt desselben betrug 
PS5. 

Um das Wachs darzustellen, wurde das Produkt so oîft mit der 50- 
fachen Menge Alkoho! ausgekocht, bis nichts mehr in Lüsung überging. 

Nach viermaliger Extraktion blieb ein in Alkohol unlüslicher Rückstand 
übrig, der 7.7° des Ausgangsmaterials ausmachte. Es gelang, mittels 
Benzol einen Teil dieses Rückstands in Lôsung zu bringen, aus der durch 
Alkoho!l Kautschuk gefällt wurde. Da dieser Niederschlag nur 1.1% des 
ursprünglichen Produktes betrug, ist der Milchsaft von Ficus fulva somit 
sehr arm an Kautschuk. Der in Benzol unlôsliche Rückstand (6.6 °) besteht 
aus Eiweiss, Salzen und Verunreinigungen, die beim Abzapfen in den 
Latex kamen. 

Aus dem alkoholischen Extrakt setzt sich bei Abkühlung der grüsste 
Teil des in Lôüsung gegangenen Wachses ab; ich erhielt resp. 2.8, 2.5, 


1) Chem. Weekbl. 9, 773; (1912). 
2) uBer. Chem. Ges. 54, 784; (1921). 


106 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE IIL VOL EM 





1.9 und 0.9 g, die die Schmelzpunkte 52—55, 52—55,; 52—55 und 56—58° 
zeigten, Durch Eindampfen der gesamten Mutterlauge auf 1 Liter erhielt 
ich noch 0.95 g eines in Alkohol schwer lôslichen Produktes mit dem 
Schmelzpunkt 47—50°. Im ganzen gewann ich also 8.35 g Wachs, 
sodass der Milchsaft sehr reich an diesem Bestandteil ist und demgegenüber 
die Kautschuk-Menge ganz in den Hintergrund tritt. 

Das Wachs wurde mit alkoholischem Kali verseift, indem es so lange 
auf dem Wasserbad erhitzt wurde, bis alles aufgelôst war. Dann wurde 
der Alkohol abdestilliert, der Rückstand mit Wasser gewaschen und gut 
getrocknet. Durch Extraktion mit trockenem Benzol ging das eine Spaltungs- 
produkt des Wachses, der hochmolekulare Alkohol, in Lüsung, das Kalium- 
salz der Fettsäure blieb zurück. 

Der durch Verdampfen des Benzols erhaltene Alkohol wurde einige 
Male aus Aethylalkohol umkristallisiert, schmolz dann noch nicht scharf 
zWischen 199 und 203° und gab die Phytosterin-Reaktionen von SALKOWSKI 
und LIEBERMANN. Eine eingehendere Untersuchung wird erst müglich sein, 
bis es gelingt, mehr Milchsaît zu erhalten. 

Das Kaliumsalz der Fettsäure wurde in verdünntem Alkohol gelôst, 
dann mit Salzsäure angesäuert und die ausgeschiedene Fettsäure in einem 
. Becherglas auf dem Wasserbad herausgeschmolzen. Nach Abkühlung er- 
starrte diese zu einem schwach gelben Kuchen, der getrocknet 40 °/ des 
Ausgangsmaterials ausmachte. Durch Umkristallisieren aus 75 °, igem 
Alkohol wurden schon binnen kurzem Kkonstant schmelzende, glänzende 
Blättchen, S — 69°, erhalten. 

Der Schmelzpunkt ist somit identisch mit dem der Stearinsäure. 

Dass tatsächlich Stearinsäure dargestellt wurde, ergibt sich aus folgendem : 

1) Bei Mischung mit reiner Stearinsäure wurde keine Schmelzpunkt- 
Erniedrigung konstatiert. 

2) 0.2144 g Sbst. verbrauchten zur Neutralisation (Phenolphthaleïn) 
5.7 cm“ 0.1306 n. Natron. Gef. Mol. Gew. 288, ber. 284. 

3)"0.1630"p5/Sbst ‘0456015 2COF. 019201 FE 

CO; Ber.:71C 15081 12/70. 
Gek, 700214, M3: 

Stearinsäure wurde bisher nur selten in Milchsaft angetroffen. WINDAUS 
und WELSCH !) fanden sie in geringer Menge in Antiarharz, aus Anfiaris 
toxicariaæ LELCH. Das merkwäürdige bei Ficus fulva ist das reichliche 
Vorkommen dieser Säure. 

* Stearinsäure wurde ferner noch kürzlich aus dem Milchsaft eines 
Pilzes, Lactarius veleteus TR, durch ZELLNER ?) dargestellt. 

Schliesslich sei noch betont, dass das Wachs von Ficus fulva nicht 

identisch ist mit dem von Ficus elastica. 


1) Arch. Pharm. 246, 504; (1908). 
2) Ref. Chem. Z::B1: 93, Band.l, 632; (192H: 







_a_ DEPARTEMENT VAN LANDEOUW, NIJVERHEID EN HANDEL à a 4 


+ 


,/S LANDS PLANTENTUIN” 


(,JARDIN BOTANIQUE DE BUITENZORG") 


Bulletin du Jardin Botanique 


Fe + Rédigé par 

Û Dr. W. M. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN, Dr. F. C. VON FABER, 
Directeur du Jardin Botanique Chef des Laboratoires Botaniques 

3e _ et 

2e Dr. J. J. SMITH, 


= Chef de E - N 
Série lil. 
Livraison 2. 


Octobre 1922. 


Prix: t 2.50. 





ue YAMPOLSKY. “ contribution to the study oi the oil palm m 
 Elaeis guineensis JACO: PT RARES, 
H + LAM. Notiz ueber Vitex 





… Lin M2 


LIBRARY 
NEW YORK 
BOTANICAL 

GARDES 


À CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE OIL, PALM, 
ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ. 


by 
CECIL YAMPOLSKY. 


Introduction. 


The oil palm, ÆElaeis guineensis JACQ., is a native of Africa and it has 
been exploited by the natives and Europeans for the commercial products 
palm and kernel oil. The oil is secured from the fruit, the pericarp yielding 
the so-called pericarp oil, the kernel yielding kernel oil. The fruit has 
received the greatest amount of attention. Although countless publications 
on the varieties of the oil palm have appeared no work of a morpholo- 
gical, anatomical or physiological character has been done. 

The extension of the oil palm culture on an extensive scale in the 
Dutch East Indies and especially upon the East Coast of Sumatra has 
created an interest in the plant which included a program for a complete 
morphological, anatomical, histological and physiological investigation of 
the plant. 

The work was begun at the ,Algemeen Proefstation der A. V.R.O.S.” 
in Medan (Sumatra) and later transferred to Buitenzorg under the auspices 
of the , Departement van Landbouw”. 

Circumstances have prevented the completion of the program that had 
been mapped out and it is hoped that the gaps left in this work will in 
the near future be closed up. 

[I wish to express my indebtedness to Dr. À, À. L, RUTGERS, Dr. P.J.S. 
CRAMER, Dr. W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN, Dr. C. F. VON FABER, Dr. I. 
BOLDINGH for their cooperation in furthering this work. 


Medan, Sumatra. 
Buitenzorg, Java. 


108 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





The development of the leaf in the oil palm. 
(Elaeis guineensis, JACQ.) 


The palm leaf has been an object of investigation for almost a century. 
Since DE CANDOLLE (‘) in 1827 up to the present, a fairly large list of 
titles has appeared on the subject and the concensus of opinion of the 
various investigators has been that in the formation of the segments of 
the fan-palm leaf and in the formation of the leaflets of the pinnate leaf, 
essentially the same ‘process goes on, namely that the parts of the leaf 
blade originate from an originally undivided leaf blade. How the ultimate 
act occurs resulted into split camps — adherents of VON MOHL'Ss (*?) inter- 
pretation and, in more modern times, the point of view advocated by 
GOEBEL (°) adapted from HOFMEISTER (!*). The field has narrowed down 
to those who believe with VON MOHL that segments in the palm leaf arise 
as a result of the formation of slits in the respective halves on either side 
of the rhachis and of those who believe with GOEBEL that in the palm leaf 
the segments arise as a result of folding of the young leaf blade owing to 
the limited space which it has for development. GOEBEL’s point of view 
has had preeminence and it is the conventional interpretation that one meets 
in text books and in semi-popular scientific treatises. 


Historical. 


The histo: al development of the idea of palm leaf formation has been 
dealt with in.-.jail in the works of VON MOHL (*), NAUMANN (*#), and 
DEINEGA (f), so we shall not enter into a full discussion of it here. 

DE CAN: OLLE (‘) observes that in young palm plants the leaves are 
entire and th. , ater they begin gradually to tear, beginning at the upper end. 
This, he main'ains, is a natural phenomenon — the cause of the phenomenon 
or mechanism which determines this rupture is difficult to assign. 

VON MOHL (2) we feel justified in quoting more or less in detail 
since he was really the first to give a fairly complete picture of palm leaf 
development. 

The leaf arises as a blunt excrescence from the growing point. As 
this excrescence begins to develop it lifts itself above the plane of the 
growing point and there is a very early indication of differentation of parts 
of the leaf. 

The development of a pinnate leaf from a simple leaf in the palm is 
unique, DE CANDOLLE states, in his “Organographie”, that division ofthe 
palm leaf into pinnae or into segments of the fan leaf occurs in a characteristic 
fashion, namely through tearing. DE CANDOLLE evidently had made his 
observations on somewhat older leaves. VON MOHL found that the separation 
of the leaflets occurred long before the ultimate unfolding of the leaf. He 
observed that the leaflets are held together by a loose parenchyma which 


= VAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oùl palm. 109 


is fused with the edge of the leaf into a narrow strip; that it is in close 
contact with the pubescence of the leaf and when the parenchymous strip 
and pubescence dry up and fall off, the leaflets are set free. VON MOHL 
made his observations upon Phoenix and Cocos flexuosa. In the young 
stages the leaves of the plants (up to 5 mm.) consist of a homogenous 
tissue. The middle, which later gives rise to the petiole, is thicker and 
the blade is comparatively thin at the edges. Later a flat furrow arises 
between the thickened mid-rib and the leaf edge. In later stages this leaf 
lamina shows closely packed, rather deep, horizontal furrows and the leaf 
blade is yet undivided, Still later these horizontal furrows develop into slits 
which in Cocos flexuosa run through to both surfaces so that they can be 
seen on the dorsal and ventral sides. Subsequent stages show that a leaflet 
develops between every two slits. À longitudinal or cross section shows 
that the leaflets are folded in two. In Cocos the mid-ribs of the leaflets 
are on the dorsal surface so that the ventral surface of the leaf has twice 
the number of slits. The edge of the leaf into which the ends of the leaflets 
fuse is in the form of a continuous cell tissue (the edge of the unsegmented 
lamina). This tissue dries up as the leaf continues to develop and is thrown 
_ off as brown threads thus releasing the leaflets. In Phoenix the conditions 
are somewhat different since the mid-ribs of the leaflets are on the ventral 
surface and the tissue which holds the leaflets-together at the edges is 
continued into rather a thick membrane on the upper surface of the leaf 
so that the slits are visible upon the ventral surface only The leaf then 
arises as a homogenous mass and the leaflets owe their ! 1 to an actual 
division of the leaf blade. This division does not begi. 1om the edge 
towards the mid-rib but is limited to the blade surface and does not touch 
the edge and in Phoenix the dorsal surface remains undivided he undivided 
part of the leaf blade differs from a true pubescence in its ‘de of origin 
inasmuch as it is not an outgrowth of the upper surface but'an actual part 
of the original leaf tissue. In Phoenix (not in Cocos) vascular bundles 
traverse this undivided part of the leaf blade. 

TRECUL (%) observed in Chamaerops humilis that the very young 
leaf is enveloped by a sort of pellicle. By removing this pellicle he found 
underneath, both surfaces in the form of divided and parallel ridges. The 
lobes on the sides are always shorter than the others but they gradually 
attain the same length as the others. The author does not attempt to 
explain the origin of the leaflets or segments. 

In speaking later of the pellicle the author says: “One can recognise 
the presence of this envelope in very young leaves at the time when the 
grooves between ridges during growth in length of Camaedorea martiana, 
for example, appear. The leaves appear to develop in a translucent gelati- 
nous substance which gives rise to the pellicle. In CAamaedorea it seems 
to persist on the surface of the leaf following its contours during formation — 
 constituting for the leaf an epidermis or kind of cuticle.” 


110 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 








HOFMEISTER (!#) in a very brief discussion of the palm leaf says the fol- 
lowing: “In all palms each leaf during its development is tightly enclosed in the 
sheath of the next older leaf. The lamina of the leaf is closely pressed in 
this conical space. In palms with pinnate leaves (Phoenix dactylifera) both 
halves of the lamina are arranged in folds which lie at right angles to the 
long axis of the leaf. In fan palms (Chamaerops humilis) the leaf blade is 
folded to correspond with the number of segments in the mature leaf.” 

Separation of the leaflets in the pinnate palm, in the compound leaf 
(Caryota) or partial separation of the segments of the fan palm results from 
the death of definite tissue between the segments causing complete or 
partial liberation of the segments. 

GOEBEL (°) in his general dicussion in “Vergleichende Entwicklungs- 
ceschichte der Pflanzenorgane” presents his contribution to the study of 
palm leaf development: “The parts of the leaf blade are not the result of 
branching of the leaf blade but arise from the division of the blade 
into definite segments following the death of the tissue which holds these 
segments to-gether.” 

GOEBEL investigated Chamaerops humilis (macrocarpa) and Phoenix 
reclinata. 

“Young leaves of Chamaerops show parallel ridges on both sides ofthe 
leaf — the ridges on one side alternate with the ridges onthe other. This is 
the first indication of the longitudinal folding of the leaf which one can see 
more clearly in a cross section of a somewhat older leaf.” GOEBEL states that 
the segments are set free as a result of the death of tissue between the segments. 
The folds of the leaf do not reach as far as the periphery of the blade. 
It is characteristic in young leaves that the segments are not free. They are 
enveloped by a many-layered sheath which can be removed and which is 
continuous with the base of the leaf blade. The sheath Chamaerops and Phoenix 
is the so called ligula. This ligula is not present in all palms. In palms 
(without ligula) the folds in the young stages are free and the sheath which 
later envelops them is a secondary outgrowth. 

“\Woher nun diese Haut stammt, habe ich, wegen Mangel an Material 
nicht feststellen kônnen, sie kann durch innige Verwachsung der oberen 
Theile der Blatt-falten oder durch Verwachsung derselben mit dem einge- 
schlagenen Blattrande resp. einer Wucherung derselben, oder durch Verwach- 
sung mit einer von der Blattbasis der sich entwickelnden Schuppe entstehen etc.” 

EICHLER ($) investigated both great groups of palms, fan and pinnate 
leaved. In the first group he investigated Pritchardia filifera HORT., Livistona 
australis MART. and Chamaerops humilis L. In the second group he examined 
Phoenix spinosa THONN., Caryota urens L., Cocos Romansoffiana CHAM. and 
Chamaedorea oblongata MART. 

In Pritchardia the initial stages correspond with those of other investi- 
gators. Then immediately as a result of accelerated growth in width folding 
occurs, visible as a number of furrows on the inner and outer surfaces of 


YAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oil palm. 154 
the lamina. These folds do not, however, run to the edge of the lamina. 
They disappear and the edge of the leaf is seen as a continuous unfolded 
strip. Partial separation of the segments results from the drying up of definite 
tissue when the leaf is 1 cm. long. This process begins at the apex and 
proceeds to the sides of the leaf. 

The steps in Livistona are the same as for Pritchardia. 

Chamaerops differs from the other two only in the mannerin which the 
segments partially separate from each other. This occurs through the dege- 
neration of the cells — they become mucilaginous. The tissue of the lamella 
that remains intact forms an epidermis around the ends of the segments where 
separation had taken place, 

In Phoenix spinosa after the initial stages of leaf development, folding of 
the lamina occurs much'in the same manner as described for Pritchardid 
— a strip at the edge remains unfolded — the folds, however, run horizontally 
instead of vertically as in other forms — the fan palms. Separation of segments 
occurs when the leaf is !/, cm. long by a process of disorganization which 
begins at the unfolded edge and progresses towards the middle of the 
leaf. The rest of the forms show only slight variations. 

NAUMANN (#%) investigated Phoenix leonensis, Ph. aequinoctialis, Ph. 
reclinata and Ph. dactylifera. Separation of the pinnate palm leaf is a result 
of splitting in the halves of the blade. 

“Der eigentlichen Spaltenbildung welche durch auseinander weichen 
von Zellen erfolgt, geht eine Art Wulstbildung voran, ähnlich wie beï der 
Entwicklung zusammengesetzter Blätter der Dicotyledonen; doch scheinen 
Wülste und Spalten bei Phoenix ziemlich gleichzeitig aufzutreten, da die 
Querschnittsbilder mit dem Wülsten zugleich auch Spalten zeigen.” 

NAUMANN's observation differs from VON MOHL’s inasmuch as he 
describes the appearance of “Wäülste” or swellings in association with slits. 
The slits do not run as far as the periphery of the blade. There remains a 
smooth strip around the periphery. NAUMANN maintains that the space 
relations between successively developed leaves is not so close as to cause 
pressure. The space between two developing leaves is filled with a very 
fine hair tissue. NAUMANN's observations lead him to combat GOEBEL'Ss idea 
of a secondary tissue which envelops the folds of the blade after folding 
has taken place. According to his observations the enveloping tissue (Faut) 
is a part of the leaf and not an accessory product. NAUMANN states that 
the number of slits increases with the growth of the leaf; development is 
basifugal. 

The other pinnate palms that NAUMANN investigated conform in the 
main to the observations cited above. In the fan palms NAUMANN finds practi- 
cally the same conditions as in the Phoenix species. “Auch bei den Fächer- 
palmen gilt nach meinen Untersuchungen dasselbe, was ich bei den gefiederten 
an Phoenix gezeigt, dass die gefaltete Blattspreite durch eine mechanische 
Faltung nicht zu Stande kommt. Auch hier treten Wülste auf welche, 


112 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





verbunden mit nachheriger Spaltenbildung, an der Spreite die in Fig. 18 
angedeutete. Faltung erkennen lassen.”? | 

With reference to the ultimate separation of the leaflets, NAUMANN 
says that it does not always occur, as EICHLER maintains, through a dis- 
organization process beginning at the periphery and working inwards, but 
may result from the separation or growing apart of cells between segments. 

DEINEGA (f) does not add anything new to the conception of palm 
leaf development. The part devoted to the palm leaf is a substantiation 
of GOEBEL's point of view and a polemic against NAUMANN. The inade- 
quacy of the figures does not lend force to any of his contentions. The 
crucial point in the GOEBEL interpretation, namely the development of the 
secondary enveloping tissue around the folds after folding has occurred 
is discussed but no convincing proof is given. DEINEGA certainly did 
not have enough material available to study all the stages. 

It had not occurred to me that the material at my disposal would 
offer anything essentially new other than the formal description of leaf 
development in a palm which has pinnate leaves. As the work progressed, 
however, it became apparent that the last word had not been said on leaf 
development and that ÆEZaeis guineensis did not fall in line with either one 
of the interpretations that of VON MOHL and NAUMANN who attribute 
the partial or complete separation of the parts of the leaf blade to splitting 
of the originally intact blade surface, nor did it fall in line with the inter- 
pretation of GOEFEBEL, namely, that the leaf blade folds due to the limited 
space it has for development and separation occurs through disintegration 
of tissue between the folds. 


Material and Methods. 


The work was begun in Medan, Sumatra, at the , Algemeert Proef- 
station der A. V.R.O.S.” where all stages for investigation were available. 
Not only were the plants growing there used but the oil palm plantations 
on the East Coast of Sumatra also served as sources of supply for ma- 
terials needed. Later the work was transferred to Buitenzorg, Java, where 
additional material was available. The investigations on the leaf were made 
with seedlings in all stages and with trees up to five years of age. Obser- 
vations were made both on living and fixed material. For studying the 
living material a Zeiss binocular was employed. For fixing material Juels 
solution was used and staining was done with iron-haematoxylin. 


General discussion of leaf. 


As in all palms the first leaves of the young plant are undivided. 
The transition from the undivided first leaves to the fully mature divided 
leaf is a gradual one. The first leaves (5 to 7 as a rule) are lanceolate 
with fairly strongly developed ribs Due to the strongly developed sheath 


YAMPOLSKY : Study of Où palm. 113 


which encloses the next succeeding leaves, the first leaves have the tendency 
to be tubular. As growth increases, the outermost leaves are reflexed 
and they become concavo-convex due in a great measure, as we shall 
see later, to the fact that the segments which go to make up these leaves 
are held together in a definite fashion. As the young plant continues to 
grow the succeeding leaves increase in size and the first indication of the 
splitting of the leaf occurs, usually at the tip which becomes two-parted. 
With each succeeding leaf the progressive division of the leaf continues 
so that at the base of the formerly undivided blade a pair of leaflets appear. 
In the next succeeding leaves the number of pairs of leaflets increases. 
The end of the leaf except for its divided tip retains its more or less undivided 
character. In plants as old as two years this juvenile character of the leaf 
is still retained although the number of pairs of leaflets has increased. 
The following observations taken on plants in the ,Cultuurtuin” (Experiment 
Garden) at Buitenzorg give the distribution of the leailets according to the 
ages of the plants. 








A = —— ——————_—_—_—_———_—_— 
| Tip 
Number of leaflets | 





Age of Plant 














pa de ddiidedel CE 
| free 
from germination to + 
about 6 mos. | 
6 mos. 0—2 + 
12, 410 + 
LS, 14—20 ae 
DAV: 1220 ai 
4 Vrs. 130—160 (Sum.) a 
5AVrS: 130—150 (Java) ch 











It is interesting to note that in many of the juvenile leaves separation 
of the leaflets is incomplete. The separation begins at the midrib and 
progresses part way towards the periphery. It is not uncommon when 
going through a pianting of seedlings to see leaves perforated in a manner 
characteristic of some Aroids. 

The maximum development of the leaf occurs in the fifth year in 
Sumatra and the pairs of leaflets vary in number from 130 to 160 judged 
from the several countings that have been taken. In other countries, notably 
in the African districts where the oil palm naturally grows, the full matu- 
rity of the leaf is reported to occur when the plant is seven years old and 
when there is a marked upward growth of the stem. 


114 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





The transition from the small leaf to the adult one,in some cases over 
4 meters in length, is, however, gradual when one considers that it takes 
from 5 to 7 years for the maximum development to occur. The massive 
mature leaf with its long rhachis and many leaflets, with its petiole flexible 
and strong, tapering into a fine line towards the free end and at the opposite 
end merging into the leaf base and enveloping sheath is distinctly, in its 
outward appearance, a completely metamorphosed organ when compared 
with the juvenile leaf. The serrated edges of the petiole of the divided 
leaf in the form of sharp teeth together with the sharp spines, a result of 
the abortion of the leaflets formed at the base of the leaf blade, are entirely 
lacking in the very first leaves. 

The length of time that it takes a mature leaf to develop from its 
initial formation to its emergence and unfolding can be approximately 
determined. This is done by determining the average number of leaves that 
are produced per year per tree. BüCHER and FICKENDEY () state that in 
the Kamerun 12—20 leaves are produced per year. MAAS (2!) estimates the 
average in Sumatra to be 20—24. A five year old tree growing in the 
,Cultuurtuin” at Buitenzorg showed, exclusive of the crown leaves, 60 leaves 
in various stages of development counting as the oldest leaf the one which 
would have unfolded next in the normal course of events and the youngest? 
as the last leaf developed from the growing point. On the basis of 20—24 
leaves produced annually, it takes from 2!}, to 3 years for a leaf to develop 
beginning from the time that it is differentiated from the growing point 
to the time that it is ready to emerge. Ù 


Investigations. 


Dissecting out the growing point of the plant offers no difficulties. 
This can readily be done with the aid of a dissecting microscope, Figure 29 
plate IV represents the growing point dissected out from a two year old 
plant. Seen from above the growing point is ovoid in shape, the surface 
convex and the highest point in this view is somewhat eccentric, desig- 
nated by the somewhat heavier shading. Presumably the next leaf is to be 
deliminated from that region. Figures 31 and 32 taken from prepared slides 
show the growing point, or perhaps better the growing hemisphere, to be 
of the same character as the one in the living condition. 

In a longitudinal section, Figure 23, Plate II! and Figure 37, Plate V, 
the more or less hemisperical condition of the growing region is seen. The 
cells of this growing region are cubical in form; the nucleus occupies the 
greater part of the volume. There is a periclinal arrangement of cell layers 
in the growing region, usually three or four layers. Beyond these layers — 
that is towards the interior of the growing region — there appears to be no 
regular arrangement of the cells, although they are distinctly embryonic in 
character as evidenced by the active cell division that is going on. The 


_ YAMPOLSKY: Sfudy of Où palm. 115 





nucleo-cytoplasmic relation in the cells of remoter parts tends more and 
more to become equalized. The growing point is not stationary as one 
can deduce from the */,; arrangement of the leaves. How this rythmic 
shifting is brought about is hard to say. The newest leaf arises as an 
outegrowth or hook from the side of the growing region closely pressed 
against the side. There seems to be a receding of the growing region 
so that the highest point in the growing region lies almost opposite to the 
youngest leaf. This shifting in the growing point tends also to raise the 
growing region so that it always continues to maintain a definite level. 
The growing region always lies at the bottom of a hollow or depression, 
always of course protruding above the lowest level of the hollow. Figures 
22 and 23 of Plate II which are longitudinal sections through a two year 
old plant, bring out very distinctly the relationship of the growing region 
and developing leaves. As the plant continues to develop the oldest leaves 
are thrown off and the growing region is shifted upwards so that in a very 
old tree the growing region is not distantly removed from the leaf crown. 
The new leaf arises as a blunt hook-like protuberance from the side 
of the growing point (Fig. 37, Plate V and Fig. 23 Plate IT). Viewed from 
above it is in the form of a crescent (Figures 29, 30, 31, 32, Plate IV). 
Growth goes on in several directions. The free ends of the crescent begin 
gradually to approximate one another so that ultimately they unite, completey 
encircling the leaf within. This portion of the developing leaf, as we shall see 
later, gives rise to the sheath. As soon as the ends meet, growth in a circle 
ceases. The ends coalesce and growth now begins upward. Simultaneously 
with this growth in a circle, the blunt hook begins to grow upward and to the 
sides so that very soon it has grown above the growing region bending 
over it in the from of a bonnet. This is very well shown in Figure 37, 
Plate V which represents a longitudinal section of the growing region and 
the three youngest leaves. The outermost leaf of the three in longitudinal 
section appears like a cone, the slit to the right showing where the leaf 
blade and the sheath approach one another. In the next two leaves the 
small protuberances to the right and to the left respectively are the 
developing sheaths. Bearing in mind the */, arrangement of the leaves it 
will easily be seen why a longitudinal section through a series of leaves 
gives so many different aspects to the leaf. 

One can best visualize the subsequent processes of growth by imagining 
a cone with an inverted T cut into the surface, the longitudinal bar of the 
T reaching from the apex half way down and the horizontal bar half way 
around. Now if the flaps were turned back somewhat, they would represent 
the two parts of the leaf where the ‘Anlagen’ for the respective rows of 
leaflets develop. The opening in the cone represents the opening through 
which the apex of the next developing cone {leaf) appears. The disposition 
of the leaves of an oil palm in a young stage may very well be likened 
to a series of progressively smaller cones, the respective apices of which 


116 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 


penetrate in a definite relation with respect to the preceding or succeeding 
one, the side of the cone directly above it. One can also liken a developing 
leaf to an old-fashioned poke-bonnet (Figures 8 and 9, Plate Il). In Figure 8 
part of the sheath has been removed to show the conical character of the 
interior. The tip of the growing leaf coming in contact with the apex of 
the inner cone is deflected towards the slit. 

The differentation of the leaf blade from the rest of the leaf can be 
readily seen in the very young leaves as a groove which runs parallel] 
with the long axis of the ‘Anlagen’ for the leaflets (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 
Plate | and Figures 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, Plate Il). In the juvenile leaves 
this groove is horizontal and in the mature leaves it is vertical or slightly 
oblique. This groove is seen before any of the leaflets are visible on the 
exterior of the leaf blade. The furrow marks the boundary between rachis 
and the rest of the leaf consisting of petiole, sheath and base. 

Up to the present nothing new has been added to the development 
of the palm leaf other than a description of the processes that go on in 
the newly formed leaf of the oil palm. The stages which follow upon 
these are in the opinion of the writer, the critical ones. Differentiation of 
a pronounced character, at least visible differentiation, begins in the third 
leaf from the growing point. As has already been pointed out, the third 
leaf from the growing point has been differentiated into sheath, petiole, 
base, and leaf blade. Leaves in this stage, dissected out, show no outward 
evidence of differentiation going on within the leaf blade. It is only in 
prepared material that the changes can be observed. 

Each leaflet arises from a mass of cells within the leaf blade and the 
indications point to their origin from single cells which are the ‘Anlagen’ 
for the leaflets. Figure 37, Plate V shows the outermost leaf cut in a plane 
which allows several of the ‘Anlagen’ to be seen. In this stage of deve- 
lopment the ‘Anlagen’ can be seen as aggregates of cells, or cushions of 
cells, which are in an active state of division. As these aggregates 
continue to add on more cells they push the cells above ahead of them 
and this pressure exerted by these ‘Anlagen’ gives a wavy appearance to 
the layers of cells above them. A more detailed study of such an aggre 
gate of cells is seen in Figure 38, Plate V. The aggregate of cells in 
this section is seen in the form of a more orlessirregular circle, the center 
of which is occupied by a somewhat larger cell. The cells surrounding 
this larger one are in various prophase stages suggesting that a very active 
division is taking place. The outermost layer of cells, more or less cubical 
in form, is the upper epidermal layer of the young leaf blade. The next 
layer inward is also composed of cubical cells. The cells of these two 
layers are actively dividing. The cells of the lower epidermis are irregular 
although they too are actively dividing. The general impression is that these 
‘Anlagen’ originate from single cells arising at the same level, cutting off 
cells toward the periphery of the leaf blade. The active division of the cells 


VAMPOLSKY : Study of Où palm. 117 





of the remaining tissue keeps pace for the time being with cell division 
in the ‘Anlagen’ so that the developing leaflets do not in this stage of 
development penetrate beyond the other cells. They do however, as we stated 
above because of the application of pressure at regular intervals, give a 
wavy appearance to the cell tissue directly above them. 

In a true longitudinal section of a leaf blade the numbér of visible 
leaflet ‘Anlagen’ would be multiplied. It is also quite evident, however, that 
not all the ‘Anlagen’ arise simultaneously. New ones are added basifugally. 

Differentiation of tissue goes on rather early in the oil palm leaf. 
In the third leaf from the growing point the bast cells and bundle cells have 
begun to elongate and they can be seen in what is to be the base and 
petiole of the leaf. The growth of the ‘Anlagen’ goes on upward and 
to the sides, apparently also differentiation begins to occur, for in the very 
next stage, in the next following leaf, a definite epidermal tissue marks 
the peripheries of each growing leaflet. That is seen in Figures 30 and 40, 
Plate V; the wavy line of cells indicate the epidermal cells In this 
fourth leaf from the growing point the leaflets are already in contact with 
each other and they begin to exert lateral pressure upon each other. It 
cannot be overemphasized that during the development of the leaflets they 
are enclosed in the tissue of the leaf blade and although marked growth 
and differentation has taken place in the leaflets, the leaf blade as a whole 
shows no outward indication of that fact. Figures 39 and 40 are different 
sections from the same leaf. Figure 39 is a cut through the tip of the leaf 
together with three developing leaflets; the split to the right of the drawing 
is part of the line formed by the approximating edges of the two halves 
of the leaf blade, such as one sees at the tip, for example in Fig. 12, Plate I. 
Here we see the distinct character of the tissue surrounding the leaflets. 
The cells are somewhat larger and longer and in Figure 40 they are seen 
with their long axes running in a different direction. This stage is impor- 
tant in view of GOFBEL, EICHLER and DEINEGA’S assertions that the 
‘Haut develops secondarily after folding has occured. 

In Figure 41, Plate V we see a section through a leaf in still a later 
stage of development, This section has been cut so that it is more or 
less tangential, showing the ends of several developing leaflets. This section 
is interesting since it shows the character of the cells surrounding the 
leaflets. These cells are larger, the nuclei smaller in comparison with the 
restrof the. cell. 

More striking are the leaflets shown in Figure 28, Plate II. Here a 
section has been cut through a leaf showing at least twelve developing 
leaflets pressed closely against each other and enclosed within the tissue 
of that half of the leaf blade (see also Figure 22, Plate III, leaf HH). This 
section did not pass through the leaflets to show that splitting within the 
leaflets had already begun. Actual splitting, as we shall see, begins even in 
an earlier stage. It is in such stages that the evidence against the folding 


118 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 2. 





theory of the leaf blade is strengthened. The leaflets have elongated consider- 
ably here and they are surrounded by an epidermal layer. 

Splitting of the leaf ‘Anlagen’ to form the two halves of the mature ieaflet 
occurs very early. It is possible that dissolution of the middle lamella causes 
the separation of the cells along the plane of the split. There is no evidence 
of any degeneration of cells suggesting a rupture along the plane of cleavage. 

The leaflets are for a time sac-like structures. À longitudinal section 
ofusuchuat sac! is seen’ in Figure 42/1Plater:V. The: cellstofthetsactare 
in periclinal arrangement, five such layers can be counted in this leaflet, 
The outer and innermost layers are epidermal in character. The cells 
above and partially surrounding the leaflet are those of the enveloping tissue 
(the rest of the leaf blade). This is in the form of several parallel layers 
whose configuration conforms with the outline of the leaflet. Between the 
leaflet andthe partial outlines of two adjacent leaflets are more cells of the 
enveloping tissue. In Figure 27, Plate IT more of these leaflets are seen in rela- 
tion to each other and to the rest of the leaf blade. Those near the apex of the 
leaf are seen clearly imbedded in the tissue of the blade; the others. because 
of the nature of the section, appear to be free. That, however, is not actually 
the case since in sections like the ones represented in Figure 28 which is 
from the next older leaf, the leaflets are still enclosed in the tissue of the blade. 

The sac-like character of the young leaîlet is also very well brought 
out in Figures 24, 25 and 26, Plate III. In Figure 24 the leaflets at the 
base show various stages of progressive splitting. Figure 25 is a part of 
a leaf, the fourteenth leaf from the growing point. Figure 22, Plate III, a 
longitudinal section of a two year old plant, shows the position of thirteen 
leaves. It must be remembered that the */, arrangement of leaves accounts 
for the differences between the sections. Starting with the lowest plane 
of the section we find the growing point in the form of a hemisphere, 
the youngest leaf a conical outgrowth directly over the growing point, the 
next leaf is represented by the two outgrowths to the left and to the right 
of the preceding leaf. In continuing upwards we find that each successive 
leaf is represented by one or two parts in this section. The corresponding 
parts of a leaf whenever they occur are designated by the letters AA, BB, 
CC, DD etc. Figure 23, Plate IT is a longitudinal section through a two 
year old plant which does not yield as many developing stages. The leaves 
here are numbered 1—1, 2—2, 3—3 etc. The denser areas of the figures 
denote the meristematic regions of the various leaves. Returning now 
to the portion of the fourteenth leaf and bearing in mind the stage of 
development of the several leaflets shown in the twelfth leaf, figure 22; 
Plate II, we can readily see that not all the leaflets are in the same stage 
of development at the same time. This is also brought out in Figure 24 
of the same plate. Here it must also be emphasized that the presence in 
the leaf blade of a region that is adding now leaflets argues against an 
assumption of folding of the leaf blade to form the leaflets, 


VAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Ou palm. 119 


Form of the developing leaflet, 


In considering the form of the leaflet we must again return for a 
moment to the origin of the respective halves of the leaf blades. It must 
be remembered that they arise from that portion of the hook that grows 
over and above the growing region in the form of a bonnet, the edges of the 
bonnet representing the respective halves ofthe leaf blade, Then the appear- 
ance of the groove eliminates the leaf blade from the rest of the leaf. In cross 
section these leaf blades (the respective halves) are triangular, the leaflets arise 
from the base of the triangle which is the place of attachment of the leaf blade 
to the rhachis of the leaf. Whereas in the initial stages of development, as 
we have already seen, the leaflets are more or less sac-like in structure, 
their outline very soon begins to conform to the cross-sectional outline 
of the leaf blade — that is, they soon become triangular, flattened sacs 
(Figures 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 Plate II). 

The form of the developing leaflets cannot be explained without 
taking into account the changes of position that these undergo as a result 
of the development and growth of the other parts of the leaf and the 
special relation that exists between parts of the leaf. 

The leaflets of what is to be the mature, fully divided leaf, arise as 
parallel outgrowths, in a more orless horizontal plane. This is seen from 
Figures 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 17 and 18, Plate II, as well as from those in 
Plate III. A cross section through a leaf blade in a very early stage of 
development will show that to be true. Although the leaflets retain their 
parallel relation to each other, the plane in which they lie begins gradually 
to shift so that soon they are placed obliquely upwards. An examination 
of the section of a series of leaflets shown in Figure 24, Plate IT brings 
that out. It also brings out the fact that the angles formed by the indi- 
vidual leaflets with the vertical axis differ, that the upper leaflets become 
more and more vertical and that between the lowest and the highest 
leaflets differences in degree of angle occur. 

As a matter of interest it should be stated that shifting of the plane 
of position of the leaflets happens very early so that a cross section of a 
leaf in that stage of development will cut through two or more leaflets. 
This is important in view of the erroneous interpretation given to such 
sections by the older authors. 

The shift in the position of the leaflets can be ascribed to the 
elongation of the rhachis, to the growth of the leaflets themselves, and to 
the pressure of the newly formed leaflets at the base of the leaf blades. 
The maintainance of the parallel arrangement of the leaflets is for the most 
part due to the common insertion of their apices in the tissue of the 
periphery of the original leaf blade, which structure still persists during 
such stages as shown in Figure 18, Plate II where the long strip of tissue 
to the right of the leaflets is the persisting strip of the young leaf blade. 


120 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VGILOV SEIVR 








It is seen also to the right of Figure 16, Plate II, and a portion of a blade 
with these leaflets held together by the strip is seen in Figure 17. Movement 
in growth of either rhachis or leaflets will affect the position of all the 
leaflets that are held together. 

Figure 33, Plate IV is a cross section through a young leaf showing: 
three pairs of leaflets in cross section. At first sight it would appear that 
folding of the respective halves of the leaf blade, as described by GOEBEL, 
has occurred. That, however, is not the case. The careful dissecting out 
of the various stages of developing leaves shows that that is an erroneous 
conception. The angular character of the leaflets is a result of mutual 
pressure of, equally developing parts within a limited space. Figures 34 
and 35 are somewhat later stages. Figure 35 shows the fairly undif- 
ferentiated leaflets which have already split, held together in part by the 
original enveloping tissue, the cells of which are seen running in a vertical 
direction. This stage seen alone might lend argument to the assertion that 
the “Haut” is a secondary development. 

In the young leaf which is to give rise to the mature leaf of the 
5 year and older trees, the 130 to 160 pairs of leaflets are closely 
packed together. Figure 18, Plate Il is from a leaf of a five year old 
tree. A cross section through the upper part of such a leaf would 
cut through twelve pairs of leaflets. With the increasing growth of 
the leaves the space relations change so that the older leaves have 
more room for development and consequently the leaflets, as a result of 
released pressure, lose their angular configuration (Figure 36, Plate IV). 
It must always be borne in mind that these leaflets are still held together 
by the tissue of the periphery of the leaf blade so that in a cross section 
there is no apparent break between the leaflets. 

Where the enveloping tissue of the growing leaflets is less resistant, 
the leaflets will ultimately break through. That occurs on the sides of 
the leaf blade. The apices of the growing leaflets are held together by the 
comparatively thick strip at the edge of the leaf blade which prevents, 
for the time being, the separation of the leaflets from the mother tissue 
along that line. The tissue on the side of the leaf blade surrounding the 
developing leaflets is comparatively thin so that very soon this tissue con- 
forms to the outline leaflets due to the pressure of the several leaflets 
and we have the ringed appearance of the halves of the leaf blade re- 
calling the outer segmentation of the earthworm. These are the ‘“Wäülste 
of NAUMANN (%) and folds of GOFBEL and EICHLER. Figure 16, Plate II 
shows the leaflets of one side of a blade in parallel arrangement. À larger 
magnification of such leaflets is seen in Figure 17, Plate II. Where the 
pressure from the enveloping tissue of the leaflets is released they take 
on a rounded form. With the increased growth of the leaflets the resul- 
tant pressure exerted on the sides of the leaf blade causes the tissue 
between each two leaflets to tear and we have then the formation of slits which 


_ YAMPOLSKY: Sfudy of Oùl palm. 121 





VON MOHL and later NAUMANN lay such great stress upon. To this 
we shall return in our general discussion. This tissue on the sides of the 
leaf with the slits torn into it, however, persists both on the outer and 
inner surfaces of the leaf adhering to the sides of the leaflet, 

The sac-like character of the leaflet is soon lost as a result of the 
mutual pressure of the leaflets so that the sides of the sac approximate 
each other and lie closely pressed against each other much in the manner 
of a flattened out paper bag. Alteration in form is now due to growth in 
length, to pressure, to stretching and to differentiation that goes on within 
the leaflet itself. The various forms that the leaflet takes on are shown in 
Sequence/in: Figures :16,:17,19, 20, 21;:18,:15,113, and 14, Plate IL One 
can readily piece together the history of the leafiet from the various aspects. 

Figure 15 is a portion of a leaf of a two year old plant in the same 
stage of development as the leaf shown in Figure 14. It brings out very 
strikingly the fate of the strip of tissue which until final unfolding of the 
whole leaf holds the leaflets together. 

It is difficult, at first, to visualize the process and | have found it best 
in an effort to get a clear picture of the steps that lead up to that structure, 
to bear in mind a mechanical contrivarce which most closely approaches 
the relation of the leaflets and the strip which holds their apices together. 
This strip may be compared with the rod which holds the horizontal slats 
of a wooden shutter together and which, when shoved up or down, causes 
a synchronous movement of the slats. If instead of the wooden slats we 
replace them in our minds by triangular leaflets attached to the rhachis 
and we further replace the strip that holds the slats together, by the 
strip of tissue of the leaf blade, then we can readily visualize the rela- 
tionship of parts in the leaf blade. And if further we can conceive that a pull 
exerted at the top of such a mechanism would stretch the undifferentiated 
strip much more than the leaflets which have during their differentiation been 
reinforced by the tissue developing within them, we have a fairly true picture 
of what happens to the undifferentiated strip which is subjected to the pull 
developed by the upward growing leaflets. 

By carefully dissecting out the leaves, these prolongations (Figures 15,S, 
Plate Il) can be readily recognized — they are the remains of the enveloping 
strip under discussion. These prolongations persist and at the unfolding of 
the leaf they are the last to separate so that for a time the leaflets, held 
together by their tips, appear to have been stamped out of a whole piece, 
the periphery of the leaf representing the remnants of the whole leaf blade. 

The tips of the leaflets are made up of two distinct tissues — the tissue of 
the leaflet proper and the remains of the strip. This tip does not persist 
but dries up and falls off. 

The rest of the enveloping tissue — the tissue that formerly surrounded 
the leaflets — persists until the leaf is ready to unfold. This tissue can be 
readily recognized because of its large cells. In dissecting out the leaflets it 


122 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





can be seen adhering to the edges. It is represented by the dotted area to 
the right of the uppermost leaflet in Figure 15, Plate. Il. Under the microscope 
these cells are recognised as being decidedly different from the cells of the 
leaf tissue, due to their larger size, their irregularity as a result of tearing 
during the process of slit formation, and by their thicker walls. These cells, 
persisting as they do, tend to keep the leaflets together and give them the 
appearance of having been folded together from a common leaf blade. 

If we examine the distribution of the slits we find that there are twice 
as many on one side as on the other side, due, of course, to the fact that 
the splitting of the individual leaflets occurs uniformly on one side. In the 
upright position of the leaf these are on the outside since the morphologically 
upper side of the leaf is turned inward and only upon unfolding of the 
leaf and reflexing of the petiole does the morphologically upper side come 
to lie inits true position. That means, of course, that the midribs of the leaflets 
are formed on the inside of the developing leaf and later are found on the 
upper side of the leaf. 

When the leaflets ultimately separate and the halves of the leaflets unfold 
along the split edge the force exerted in the process actually tears them apart 
with the result that the still persisting enveloping tissue gives a ragged 
appearance to the edges of the leaflets. As we have already pointed out, the 
development of an epidermal layer occurs almost simultaneously with the 
splitting of the leaflet. 

In the oil palm, at least, there is no evidence for the assertion that 
definite parts of the tissue degenerate to liberate the segments. AI the 
evidence points to a mechanical tearing of a persisting tissue — a tissue which 
is thrown off at a late stage of development. 


Juvenile leaves, 


At the beginning it was stated that the young oil palm, like all palms, 
shows an undivided leaf and that the transition from the undivided leaf to the 
fully divided leaf is a gradual one. The first leaves are lanceolate and, as a 
rule, the leaves show a divided character at the beginning of the sixth month. 
In Figure 106, plate XII a young seedling, still attached to the seed, shows 
the lanceolate leaves. There appears to be a strongly developed mid-rib and 
no indication of splitting. Another such leaf is seen in Figure 7, Plate I. [It will 
be observed that at the base of the leaf, just above the tubular sheath, the 
ribs give a fluted appearance to the leaf blade. 

The juvenile undivided leaf in its origin does not differ markedly from 
the fully mature leaf. It arises as a blunt protuberance from the side of 
the growing region. It then grows over the growing point developing 
into a bonnet-like structure. Differentiation of leaf blade begins by the 
formation of an horizontal furrow followed by the formation of segments 
in the very same manner as we have described for the mature leaf. 


VAMPOLSKY : Study of Oil palm. 123 
It will be remembered that in the mature leaf the furrow deliminating the leaf 
blade from the rest of the leaf runs more or less vertically. The initial 
stages are exactly like those described for the fan palms by EICHLER (*) 
such as Pritchardia, Livistona etc, Where the furrow is horizontal. 

It is comparatively simple to follow the various stages from the undif- 
ferentiated to the mature leaf. In the young stages which show no outward 
indication of the presence of ‘Anlagen’ for segments, their presence can he 
shown either by pressing a cover slip down gently and staining with a 
suitable dye or by partial maceration of the leaf and then observingit. As 
a rule the number of segments observed on either side of what is to be 
the mid-rib is five. That number however is not fixed. I have found 7 and 
8 segments in each half. 

The segments arise as individual units from ‘Anlagen’ and they maintain 
their individuality throughout. The same process, of splitting as described 
for the mature leaves results in a folded leaflet. 

In Figure 1, Plate I the leaf represented is already in an advanced stage 
of development, the segments are definitely deliminated. It is to be noted that 
the segments here arise in a more or less horizontal plane. The leaflets do 
not reach to the periphery of the leaf blade, there is a comparatively thick 
undivided strip, much wider than we have noted for an equivalent stage that 
is to give rise to the fully divided leaf. The tip of the leaf is very strongly 
developed and the very apex ends in a number of branched hairs (Figure 2 
Plate 1). The presence of this comparatively thick strip no doubt is associated 
with the fact that no separation of segments occurs in the first leaves. 

Further stages of development are seen in Figures 2 and 3. The leaf 
shown in Figure 2 has eight segments in one half of the blade, the one in 
Figure 3 has six. These segments, however, never separate but they are held to- 
gether by the thick strip of tissue at the periphery of the leaf blade. The respec- 
tive halves of the segments corresponding to the respective leaflets in the 
divided leaf, pass through the same splitting and they have the morphological 
equivalent of a mid-rib. The halves along the line of cleavage separate 
from each other, This process of splitting of the segments which is not 
followed by the separation of the segments from one another results in a 
lanceolate leaf which shows distinct folding where it is constricted and 
consequently the fluted appearance at the base of the blade to which we 
have already referred (Figure 7, Plate 1). The formation of slits on the outer 
and inner surfaces occurs after the segments have exerted a pressure on 
the sides of the lamina causing splitting of the enveloping tissue between 
two segments, precisely in the same way that we have noted forthe older 
leaf. At unfolding of the leaf however, the separation of the segments along 
adjacent edges does not occuur, as it does in the mature leaf. Following 
the fifth or seventh leaf splitting one division of thetip of the leaf occurs, 
a condition so very typical also for the coconut palm. Then follow leaves 
with a single pair of leaflets at the base of the blade more or less completely 


124 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 








separated from the rest of the blade. The later leaves show various gradations 
from the partially divided leaf to the one that is completely divided, The 
dichotymous appearance of the end segments due to failure of several 
segments to separate from one another continues well into the second year. 
From these stages it can readily be seen that what appears to be a mid-rib 
in the juvenile leaf is really not so. This mid-rib is morphologically 
equivalent to the rachis of the mature leaf and is therefore a true rachis. 

The transition from a lanceolate undivided leaf to a divided or pinnate 
one is very interesting to follow in the young stages. Changes of a pro- 
found character take place in the young leaf. It is to be remembered that 
the leaflets or segments in the juvenile leaf arise from a more or less 
horizontal plane and those in the divided leaf from a vertical plane. Inthe 
transition stages from the juvenile leaf to the mature leaf there is a shifting 
of the plane of origin of the leaflets, so that it comes to lie almost in a 
vertical position. Figures 4 and 5 Plate | show such transition stages; 
they also show an increase in the number of segments or leaflets. The 
relatively wide strip still persists as well as the strongly developed tip. 
The older leaves develop successively more leaflets and that means more 
‘Anlagen”. 

_ Figure 6 Plate 1 shows a young leaf taken from a seedling whose 
unfolded leaves showed no segmentation. This young leaf when mature 
would show at least 17 pairs of leaflets. With the increasing age of the 
plant, the leaves have more leaflets until the 5th to the 7th year, when 
full maturity of the plant is reached, , 

The striking alteration of leaf form from an outwardly undivided to a 
pinnate leaf, with the horizontal plane in which the segments ofthe former arise 
going over into the more or less vertical plane in which the jatter leaflets arise, 
has an interesting parailel in the manner in which fan leaves and pinnate leaves 
arise. The fan palm leaf arises much in the same manner as the juvenile 
leaf, in an horizontal plane whereas the pinnate leaf arises in a vertical plane. 


Sheath. 


The sheath of the oil palm leaf is a conspicuous and persistent organ. 
It arises after the young leaf has been differentiated from the growing 
point and aîfter the horns of the crescent shaped structure have grown 
around the next succeeding leaf ultimately enveloping it. Figures 29, 30, 
31 and 32 Plate IV show various initial stages in the development of 
the ring. When the tips of the horns meet growth is deflected upwards 
and the sheath, as such, begins to develop. Only the gross features 
of development of the sheath have been followed in this study and it 
is by no means a complete study of this organ. The forms of the sheath 
in the later stages are shown in the several plates and they can be 
recognized as such without further explanations. 


YAMPOLSKY : Study of Oil palm. 125 


The line of demarkation between sheath and petiole and base is very 
sharp and it can be seen with the naked eye when young leaves are dis- 
sected out. This is due to the criss cross arrangement of the fibres and 
bundles of the sheath in contrast with the adjacent parallel and vertical 
arrangement of the fibres and bundies of the base and petiole of the leaf 
(Figure 12 Plate Il and Figure 43 Plate VI). 

In examining a sheath in a young stage shown in Figure 44, Plate 
VI, we find that the tissue at the unattached end of the sheath is com- 
posed of a layer of multicellular filaments in various stages of development. 
The filaments however can readily be traced back to where they are ar- 
ranged in parallel rows. The fact that these rows of cells end at different 
levels gives the scalloped form to the free end of the sheath. Figure 45, 
Plate VI is a part of sheath taken from a stage shown in Figure 44 and 
shows the arrangement of the layers in position YY. The free ends of 
the parallel rows of cells terminate at different levels. Figures 46 to 50 
show the various stages of development of these hair like structures. 
Figure 47 shows initial stages of growth of several of these hairs. The 
plane of division is not constant; it may be in a horizontal, vertical or 
oblique plane. The hairs are both branched and unbranched. The 
apical cell apparentiy is the one that is in active division. In the very early 
stages the cytoplasm of the cells filling the whole lumen is vacuolated 
containing tiny starch grains. The cells are colorless. As the hairs continue 
to grow they elongate and take on the form shown in Figure 51 Plate VI. 
In this stage the cytoplasm is seen bounding the periphery of the cells, 
the starch grains have disappeared and the ceils begin to degenerate 
soon aîfter. The above description refers primarily to the cells at the free 
end of the sheath. 

On the inner surface of these sheaths and near the top may be 
found minute stomata apparently fully formed, however without any 
chlorophyll grains (Figure 52 Plate VI). It is questionable whether these 
ever function since they never reach direct light and therefore they must 
be regarded as rudimentary. They are about one fourth the size of the 
stomata of the leaf epidermis. 

With increased growth of the leaf as a whole, the sheath increases in 
size; from the outer epidermis of the sheath as well as from the base of 
the leaf and petiole a dense felt like growth of hair arises, single or 
branched, similar to the hair shown in Figure 51 Plate VI. Between each 
succeeding leaf until the outermost leaves are reached this dense felty 
growth is present and it is only when this felty growth reaches the out. 
side that it dries up and falls off. In the meantime the bast strands of the 
developing leaf become strengthened and more rigid so that when a stage 
shown in Figure 43, Plate VI is reached, marked changes have occured. 
The sheath has become tough and leathery and resistant to stress and 
tsrain. The criss cross weave of the fibres makes a most resistant tissue, 


126 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





As the leaf begins to grow in length the sheath to-gether with the petiole 
push their way above the older leaves so that ultimately the top of 
the sheath is exposed and very soon thereafter begins to die and discolor 
beginning at the top and continuing gradually downwards. The ends be- 
come frayed out; the bast fibres held together more or less in strands 
give a ragged appearance to the sheath. The sheath shown in Figure 43, 
Plate VI is from a two year old plant. Several of the leaves have been 
removed as well as the felt to bring into prominence the sheath. The dark : 
areas represent that part of the sheath tissue which has died and has 
become tough and leathery. The layer facing the inside which has not 
been so greatly exposed persists in a living condition for a longer time. 

From the petiole of the leaf, to the right of Figure 43, the bast strands 
are seen emerging from the edges. These bast strands, however, come 
from these that run parallel upwards in the petiole and emerge from the 
petiole at different levels. In the maturer leaf where lignification has already 
occured they appear as a series of strongly developed saw teeth on either 
side of the petiole and always below the last pair of leaflets. Ultimately, 
due to the death of the enveloping leaves above the sheath it reaches the 
outside where its tissue dies completely and it persists for a long time 
lending support to the base of the leaf and thus aiding the leaf to with- 
stand the severest strains. 


Maturation of the leaf. 


The processes of differentiation within the leaf beyond the ‘formation 
of the leaflets and the young stages of the sheath, rachis, petiole and base, 
have not been embraced in the scope of the present work and no attempt 
has been made to view the steps in the light of the immense amount of 
work that has been done on palms as well as on other plant groups. 

For the discussion of the special organs at the base of each leaflet 
which determine the position of each leaflet with reference to the rachis 
attention is called to the observations of RUDOLPH (?*) “Zur Kenntnis 
der Entfaltungseinrichtungen an Palmenblättern”. These organs (Polster) 
reach their maximum development after the leaf has emerged and has 
completely unfolded. The leaflets at the base of the leaf, aborït in 
varying numbers, soon after the emergence of the leaf, The leaflet blade 
drops off and the mid-rib persists in the form of a sharp stout spine 
imbedded in this ‘Polster. These spines together with the saw teeth of 
the petiole (of quite a different origin) give an armed appearance to the leaf. 

Lignification proceeds from the tip of the leaf downwards. If one 
examines a leaf that is emerging in the form of a spike one finds lignifi- 
cation of the rachis beginning at the tip and if one follows the leaf down 
to the petiole and base, which have not yet emerged, the tissue is still very 
tender and pliable, not resistant and very easily cut through with a knife. 


__ YAMPOLSKY: Sudy of Oil palm. 127 





The formation of wood goes on here coincident with the exposure of the 
leaf to the outside environment. The mature leaf is a highly resistant organ 
which can be subjected to the severest storms without separating it from 
the rest of the plant. 


Discussion. 


Although all the foregoing investigators have very amply discussed 
the literature of their time, it does not seem to me to be out of place, in 
the light of the evidence that has been advanced, to discuss the results of 
the older investigators from the point of view that has been submitted here. 

The first critical work on the palm leaf was that of VON MOHL (?). 
It is truly remarkable, taking into consideration the comparatively primitive 
methods, that such good observations were made on leaf development. 
We have already summarized his observations in the historical part of this 
päper. Unfortunately VON MOHL’s observations &id not go back far enough 
from the stage that shows the appearance of furrows and slits. Between 
the appearance of the young undifferentiated leaf and the stage in which 
the furrows .appear the critical stages are to be found. That too we have 
fully discussed. It has been pointed out that the furrows that VON MOHL 
described are really the developing leaflets within the leaf blade proper and 
that the furrows indicate the areas between adjacent developing leaflets. It 
should be emphasized, however, that VON MOHL states that in this stage 
the leaf is yet undivided. It is, according to him, due to the development 
of slits that the division of the lamina occurs. The leaîflets are ultimately 
set free by the drying up and falling off of the loose parenchyma which 
holds them together. 

The undivided part of the leaf blade differs from a pubescence in its 
mode of origin inasmuch as it is not an outgrowth of the upper surface 
but an actual part of the leaf tissue. This keen observation of VON MOHLS'S, 
GOEBEL and EICHLER misinterpreted by stating that the undivided part of 
the leaf is a secondary structure. 

TRECUL (#) speaks of a pellicle enveloping the very young leaf. When 
this is removed the parallel ridges on both surfaces of the leaf are seen. 
Trecul did not observe this pellicle in earlier stages. This pellicle according 
to him is a secondary development arising from a gelatinous translucent 
substance around the leaves. TRECUL’s work did not contribute to the 
knowledge of the development of the palm leaf because he too did not 
have a complete series of stages under observation. 

It was HOFMEISTER (*) who made the broad generalization that 
folding occurs owing to the limited space in which the young growing 
leaf develops. The separation of the leaflets results from the death of a 
definite tissue between the segments causing complete or partial liberation 
of the segments. This generalization has up to the present been accepted 


128 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 
by most botanists as the explanation of the origin of leaflets. It serves as 
the basis of GOEBEL’S, EICHLER's and DEINEGA’sS work. It can readily be 
seen that HOFMEISTER made his observations on late stages where allthe 
critical steps had long since happened and that his material consisted of 
already compleiely formed leaflets held to-gether by the enveloping tissue. 

The name of GOEBEL (°) is always associated with the folding theory 
of the origin of leaflets. We have already quoted him and shall do so 
again for the sake of emphasis. “The parts of a leaf blade (palm) do not 
result from branching of the leaf but arise from the division ofthe lamina 
into definite segments following the death of the tissue holding these 
seomiéenisitoscethent!, 4440 aan Lo ” If we examine the figures given as 
evidence of this phenomenon we find them unconvincing since there are 
so few of them. His Figure 44, Chamaerops macrocarpa, shows at a glance 
that he had at his disposal stages that were much too old and misleading 
when younger stages are lacking. Such stages are found in the young 
plants of the oil palm where the lanceolate leaves still persist in a more 
or less degree. Much earlier stages would have shown the unfolded character 
of the leaf together with the presence of developing leaflets within the leaf 
blade. GOEBEL's Figure 45 is as unconvincing as his other. His stage 1 
of Figure 45 is not, in my opinion, a stage which shows folding but a 
stage where the leaflets have pressed against the enveloping tissue giving 
an appearance of folding and also resulting in a rupture of the tissue in 
the form of slits between adjacent leaflets. His stage 3 of Figure 45, a 
longitudinal section through the leaf blade, is too incomplete to lend much 
significance to it, whereas number 2 of the same Figure 45 is in reality a 
cross section of a leaf where the leaflets have oriented themselves obliquely 
upwards perhaps like the stages shown in Figures 34, 35 and 36 Plate IV 
of this paper. 

GOEBEL’s evidence for the formation of a secondary “Haut” which 
envelopes the folded lamina is entirely lacking and its origin is merely a 
conjecture on his part. 

The evidence so far advanced for the theory of folding has been 
conspicuousiy meager. The first extensive contribution accompanied with 
figures was that of EICHLER (%). We have already summarized his work. 
Wheras the figures that he submits are extensive, he has failed in common 
with those who have preceeded him to focus his attention on the stages 
that yield the transition stages between the completely undifferentiated 
lamina and the one that shows folds. Judged from the stages given in 
in all his series of stages given for the several forms, the intrafoliar origin 
of the leaflets not only not indicated but even not suspected. The assumption 
that between the individual leaflets definite tissue dies or degenerates to 
liberate them is in my opinion a gratuitous one based on inadequate: 
observations on the origin of the leaflets, their growth, their orientation 


YAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Où palm. 129 


through the shifting of the plane of growth. We have seen in the oil palm 
that these leaflets are separate units held together at their free ends by the 
strip at the edge of the lamina and by the thin, frayed and torn enveloping 
layer. À mere mechanical tearing of the strip at unfolding libérates these 
leaflets and inasmuch as the leaflets were for the most part always free no 
disorganization of definite tissue between them functions in a manner 
described by EICHLER. Certainly EICHLER'S figures 11, 12, 13, 14 Plate 1 
are not very convincing for the argument advanced. The same criticism 
holds for his figures in the other plates showing disorganization of tissues 
in the act of liberating the segments and leaflets. EICHLER’S contribution 
is a substantiation of HOFMEISTER’s and GOFBEL’Ss interpretations. 

NAUMANN'Ss observations on a large number of forms deserve more 
credit than hitherto has been accorded them. His work is an amplification 
of that of VON MOHL and he was able to contribute much to our knowledge 
of the formation of the palm leaf. NAUMANN observed that before the ap- 
pearance of the slits which VON MOHL déscribes, swellings occur and that after 
their appearance the slits become apparent. NAUMANN always associates 
these two phenomena. He goes even further back, in his Figures 4' to 4° 
Plate IV, to show the origin of the swellings and slits and the epidermis 
or “Haut”. The figures are entirely unconvincing and misinterpreted by 
him. Thus, for instance, his Figures 4* and 4 Plate IV, are not beginning 
stages of the formation of swellings and slits but they are cross sections 
of several fairly well developed leaflets which have grown obliquely upwards 
and which lie closely pressed together. 

As we have already pointed out the nature of the epidermis or “Haut” 
is the critical point in testing out GOFEBEL’s theory of the origin of the 
leaflets since he believes it to be a secondary development, arising aîter 
folding of the lamina has taken place. NAUMANN recognizes that this is 
the crucial point. He attempts to show the presence and development of 
this epidermis before folding has occured and that it is a part of the leaf 
and not an accessory structure as GOFEBEL maintains. His observation are 
only in part correct since we have seen that the epidermis or “Haut” 
existed before there was any indication of leaflet development. 

The attempt of NAUMANN to trace back the origin of the swellings 
and the slits to definitely localized regions within the growing leaf, although 
erroneously figured, was an attempt that would have yielded more fruitful 
results had the right technique been available. 

To VON MOHL and to NAUMANN must be given their due credit in 
the interpretation of the phenomena of leaflet and segment origin in the 
palms. Both of these authors did not go back far enough in the young 
stages to see what is actually going on within the deliminated lamina. 

The steps in the formation of the leaf in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis 
JACQ.) used as a basis for contrast with what has been described in other 
palms, calls for a reinvestigation of the origin of the leaf in the Palmae. 


130 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOE. V. LIVR. 2. 





It does not seem probable that Ælaeis forms a rare exception. It is too 
closely related to the Cocos palms to stand as an isolated case. We may 
briefly summarize the stages in development of the oil palm leaf: 


— 
A 
. 


Co 


19). 


Le) 
— — 


Summary. 


The young leaf arises as a hook or blunt protuberance from the 
growing region. 

Growth in height and width as well as in a circle goes on rapidly. 
The lamina is deliminated from the petiole and base by: 

(a) an horizontal furrow in the juvenile leaf (lanceolate leaf). 

(b) a vertical furrow in the pinnate leaf. 

Leaflets and segments owe their origin to individual ‘Anlagen’ within 
the young leaf blade. 

These ‘Anlagen’ maintain their individuality. 

Development of the leaflets goes on within the lamina, before there 
is any outward indication of their presence. 

Only definite parts of the lamina contribute to the formation of these 
leaflets — the rest form the envelope (‘Haut’) surrounding these leaflets. 
Splitting of the leaflets occurs when they are within the enveloping 
tissue. 

Formation of an epidermis in the leaflets follows immediately upon 
splitting. 

Growth of the leaflets against the envelope. gives an outward 
appearance of swellings (“Wülste” of NAUMANN). 

Further pressure causes the tissue to rupture between developing 
leaflets (slits of VON MOHL and NAUMANN). 

Leaflets shift their plane of growth. 

Leaflets are for a time sac-like structures, then through growth and 
mutual pressure they become elongated and flattened. 

The strip at the edge — the remains of the original lamina, persists and 
it is stretched to give an awn-like appearance to the tip of the leaflet. 
Juvenile unsegmented leaves arise like fully segmented leaves. The 
plane of the ‘Anlagen’ is horizontal like in fan palms. 

Transition from juvenile to mature leaf is accompanied by shifting 
of the horizontal plane to the vertical. 

The number of leaflets in the mature palm is many times that of 
the young palm. 

About 60 leaves in various stages of development are found in 
a five year old tree On the basis of observations of the number 
of leaves unfolded by an oil palm per year, it takes from 2!/, to 
3 years for a leaf to fully develop. 

The leaf sheath is a conspicuous and persistent organ originating 
soon after the leaf is deliminated. 


VAMPOLSKY : Study of Oil palm. 131 





The Root. 
* General. 


The root of the oil palm (Æ/ais guineensis JACQ.) like the roots of all 
palms is an organ which carries on the physiological functions of such 
organs and it also serves as a means of anchorage. So effective, is this 
anchorage that the tree exposed to the severest strain, cannot be uprooted. 
The oil palm in common with the coconut palm cannot be uprooted even 
by the severest storms. BüCHER and FICKENDEY (*) state that they do not 
know of a single case of uprooting in Misahôhe (Togo). It is not surprising 
that such is the case in view of the texture, the disposition, the number 
and length of the roots. The roots are tough and elastic and they persist 
long after the cells have died. The roots are attached to the base of the 
trunk: they radiate in all directions, ramifying the soil for a considerable 
distance. BüCHER and FICKENDEY (Il.c.) observed roots 15 M. long and 
BüCHER traced roots to a depth of 9 M. From the base of the trunk 
thousands of roots emerge. New ones constantly added, the older ones 
persist so that the anchorage is continually being strengthened. 

The roots do not vary so very greatly in diameter, 4to 10 mm. The 
secondary roots arising from them are naturally smaller and together they 
form a dense network. In moist localities the tendency to produce adventi- 
tious roots is most pronounced. These roots are positively geotropic and 
eventually they grow into the soil. These adventitious roots may in some- 
cases emerge at a considerable distance from the ground. BüCHER and 
FICKENDEY (1.c.) show a tree with roots 1 Meter above the ground. 
Whereas COPELAND (5) estimates the number of roots attached to the buried 
part of the stem of a mature coco-nut tree as 8000, the number in a 
mature oil palm, excluding the adventitious roots, easily equals that 
number. 

The structure of the root of oil palm does not show any marked 
departures from the structures of other palm roots which have been 
investigated in such great detail by the older investigators. The work of VON 
MOHL who contributed the anatomical studies to MARTIUS’ (2!) monumental 
work on the palms is indeed a classic in precision and in observation. 
One of the conspicuous features in the roots of Elaeis when cut in cross 
section, is the presence of the radiating lacunae or air chambers. These 
VON MOHL (I1.c.) had observed and pictured for the root of Diplothimium 
maritimum. (Plate I, Figure 6). 

In the same year 1850 there appeared a posthumous work of GRIFFITH (!!) 
on the palms of British East India and there too such a root is pictured 
for Phoenix sylvestris (Plate CCXXVII, Figures 4 and 5). GRIFFITH de- 
scribed the section of the root shown in Figure 4 as follows: “Section of a 
radicle, shewing the existence of large cells between the centre and the 
cuticle, and the origin of a young radicle from the central part”. In Figure 5 


132 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 
he shows the same air spaces in the neck piece which joins the young 
seedling with the haustorium. In plate CEXXXA he has a figure which 
although it is not labelled as such, is undoubtedly a cross section of a root 
with lacunae; the form is Areca triandra. 

GOFBEL in (1886) called attention to the breathing organs of the marsh 
plants Sonnerafia and Avicennia. These plants develop side roots which 
are negatively geotropic and whose anatomical structure shows that they 
function as organs of gas exchange. 

JOST () one year later published his observations on breathing organs 
in plants based primarily on work with palms. For those organs he coined 
the word pneumathode. These pneumathodes grow upward, outgrowths 
from larger roots. He found such organs in the following plants: 

Livistona australis, L. chinensis, L. altissima, L. mauritiformis, P. 
olivaeformis, Phoenix reclinata, P. silvestris, P. dactylifera, P. spinosa, 
P. farinifera and other undetermined species. 

Pritchardia filamentosa 

Kentia Forsteriana 

Chamaerops humulis 

Chamaedorea Veitchii 

Cocos flexuosa 

Caryota fur furacea 

Thrinax species 

Pandanus flexuosus, P. pygmaeus, P. furcatus. 

JOST observed in ZLivistona australis which was growing in a large 
wooden tub, a large number of upright growing structures 2 — 4 mm. thick 
and 5 mm. above the surface of the soil. À characteristic mealy appearing 
tissue either in the form of rings or covering the whole surface of the 
protruding organs is described. These structures are side branches which 
arise endogenously from the larger roots. In their anatomical structure, lack 
of epidermis and presence of a characteristic aerenchymous tissue, the 
presence of large inter-cellular spaces in direct connection with the root, and 
the fact that the root comes in contact with the air only through the pneu- 
mathodes speaks for their function. Experiment showed that these pnema- 
thodes were produced undergrond also. JOST showed these organs to con- 
tain a large amount of air. The cells of the mealy appearing tissue in cross 
section are stellate in form. 

JOST observed similar pneumathodes in Saccharum, Cyperus textilis and 
Luffa amara Roxbhg. SCHENK (#) describes the presence of dimorphic 
roots in the mangrove plants Avicennia tomentosa and Laguncularia racemosa. 
The structure of these and other mangrove plants is too well known to 
bear repetition here. However, mention must be made of the origin of the air 
passages through schizogamy and lysiginy. For a detailed consideration of the 
aerenchyma of marsh plants, wich we shall not consider here butin a later publi- 
cation, reference should be made to another publication of SCHENCK'Ss (‘). 


VAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oil palm. 133 





Air chambers-origin. 


L2 


The root of the oil palm in general conforms te the description of 
monocotyledenous roots and no attempt will be made here to enter into 
any great detail about the tamiliar parts of this organ. There are however 
conspicuous features which merit close examination. The presence of 
lacunae or air chambers, structures which we have noted for several forms, 
are found in all roots of Elaeis as a normal condition directly correlated 
With definite physiological functions. These lacunae (Figure 53, Plate VII, 
Figures 119 and 120 Plate XV and Figures 113 to 115 Plate XIV) are 
present in the very youngest and oldest of plants irrespective of locality. 

The origin of these lacunae is not difficult to trace. By making cross 
sections at various levels from the tip upwards complete stages can be 
secured. À section through the embryonic regions of the plerome and 
the periblem shows that the cells are irregularly disposed and in an active 
state of division. À section a little above the embryonic regions shows 
the cells in a definite arrangement. Figure 54, Plate VII is a cross section 
of such a region. The large epidermal cells are conspicuous in contrast 
to the other cells. Contrary to the statement made by BüCHER and 
FICKENDEY ($), I was unable to find any root hairs in Ælaeis developed 
from the epidermis. In Figures 116 and 117 Plate XV two views of the 
epidermal layer are seen in cross and longitudinal sections respectively. 
The cells directly inward from the epidermis with strongly thickened walls 
and which are suberized mark the outer boundary of the hypodermis that 
is being developed. The layer of cells following those have not yet been 
suberized. Then follow polygonal parenchyma cells and scattered among 
the parenchyma cells are still larger polygonal cells which contain bundles 
of raphides, presumably calcium oxalate. Bast cells (Figure 118 Plate XV) 
have already begun to appear forming a somewbhat irregular zone in this 
stage. The conspicuous rows of radiating cells (Figure 54 Plate VIT) be- 
ginning a little distance from the endodermis will ultimately be the seat of 
origin of the lacunae or air chambers. The mutual pressure exerted by 
the thin walled cells results in polygonal outlines. The inner boundaries 
of these radiating groups of cells are marked by a zone of cells, seven or 
more layers in thickness, whose long axes run at right angles to the 
radius of the section. This zone of parenchyma extends to the endoder- 
mis (Figures 53 and 54 Plate VII and Figures 114, 115 Plate XIV). Within 
the endodermis are the xylem, phloem, parenchyma and pith cells. 

The gross details of the root of Elaesis guineensis indicating the lacunae 
have been published by DE WILDEMAN (*') taken from the notes of DE BRIEY. 

As one proceeds further upward from the growing point differentation 
within the root goes on very rapidly. That part of the root becomes more 
rigid as result of changes in tissue and cell structure. More layers of suber- 
ized cells are added to the hypodermis, the bast cells increase in number 


134 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Il, VOLaW. LIVR. 2° 








and the parenchyma surrounding the previously scattered bast is gradually 
being occupied by bast cells. The parenchyma cells arranged in radiating 
oroups are not modified but are subjected to a centrifugal force which 
results in separation of groups of cells giving rise to cavities running up 
and down the length of the root which in cross section are seen in the 
form of radiating lacunae (Figure 53 Plate VII and Figures 113—115 
Plate XIV). The cavities in the early stages of formation appear in cross 
sections as isolated splits or slits. Figure 113 Plate XIV shows a sector of 
such a cross section with the fissures more or less arbitrarily disposed. 
Radii projected from the center of the section would pass through one or 
more such fissures, Where there is more than one fissure through which 
the radius passes, these will ultimately coalesce to form a single air chamber. 
The partitions or septa separating the chambers vary in thickness. They 
may be one, two, three, four or more cells thick. ‘Figures 114, 115 
Plate XIV). As a rule the cross-sectional length of the chamber is deter- 
mined by the zone of bast just inside of the hypodermis on the one end 
and by the zoné of parenchyma cells whose long axes run parallel with 
the circumference — a zone to which we have already referred. Occasionally 
the lacunae are seen in cross section apparently as cavities that have not 
separated entirely along the line of cleavage. While that may be true it 
must be remembered also that the course of the lacunae up and down 
does not run in a true straight vertical plane — that they do not necessarily 
run the full length of the root but they may begin and end at any level, 
so that in a cross section one may cut through the tapering ends of such 
lacunae, (Figure 114 Plate XIV). The air spaces ramify throughout the root 
affording a most efficient aerating system. 

With the release of mutual pressure from the polygonal thin walled 
parenchymous cells resulting from the separation along the lines already 
indicated, the cells of the septa loose their polygonal form and become 
rounded as is shown in Figures 114 and 115; also inter-cellular spaces 
appear between adjacent cells. The inter cellular spaces afford easy com- 
munication between air chambers. 

FREIDENFELT to whose original work [ unfortunately had no access 
during this study is quoted by BüSGEN (%*) as stating that the formation of 
lacunae between layers of tissue is a characteristic of hydrophyllous roots 
— also that the development of a strong hypodermis is found in such roots. 
The root of Ælaeis answers both conditions and its natural habitat, the 
tropical forest of Africa and South America, places it in the category of 
plants with hydrophyllous roots. 

The evidence taken from the free hand sections of living material and 
from prepared and stained slides tends to support the schizogamous origin 
of the air chambers in Æ/aeis. The presence of torn and shrunken cells 
bounding the cavities is strong evidence for such an interpretation (Figure 114). 
Such cells have been observed in the very early stages of lacunae formation 


VAMPOLSKY: Study of Oil palm, 135 
as well as in the fully formed air chambers. It appears that the orientation 
of the radiating tissue in the direction that is shown in Figure 54, Plate VII 
allows for just such a mechanical process to take place namely tearing 
along: lines of least resistance. 

DE HAAN (1) has also figured such cavities for the rice plant grown 
in Java again confirming FREIDENFELTS (I.c.) contention. The septa however 
are much thinner, tearing resulting in establishing freer communication 
between lacunae and consequently fewer lacunae. The cells shown by 
DE HAAN give evidence of tearing. 

The very youngest of roots in seedlings with only one leaf unfolded, 
develop these lacunae and no single root of the countless that have been 
examined from a very large number of plants in all stages of growth showed 
other than the structure described above. It must be assumed then that in 
Elaeis that is the normal condition associated with definite physiological 
functions. These lacunae are present in roots that have produced no 
preumathodes. 


Secondary roots. 


Two kinds of secondary roots are produced from the larger roots — 
the ordinary nutritive root and the modified root structure, the pneuma- 
thode. Both arise endogenously so that their initial stages are the same. 
The former develops in the manner indicated for the other roots — the 
latter undergoes modifications which enables it to perform its special 
functions. To this modified root we shall return for a more detailed 
consideration. 

The further one goes from the growing point of the root the more 
complete the differention within the root has progressed. The hypodermis 
has become a rigid structure, the cells of the epidermis have begun to 
degenerate and they ultimately slough off, the schlerenchyma tissue has in- 
creased. The only thin walled cells remaining unmodified are those of the septa 
of the lacunae and small areas of the phloem. The root has taken on 
a distinctly woody character, tough and resistant. The steps in such 
changes shall not be discussed further in view of the voluminous litera- 
ture on the subject. 


Adventitious roots. 


The adventitious roots which develop in some cases for some distance 
above the ground and those that emerge just a short distance above the 
level of the soil and then proceed to grow into the soil are as a ruleofa 
larger diameter and they do not branch as freely_as the subterranean roots. 
They are brownish red in color with very conspicuous root caps. Occa- 
sionally these roots show zones indicating the various places of attachment 


136 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Il, VOL, V. LIVR. 2. 





of the root cap, suggesting perhaps periods of accelerated growth alternating 
with periods of protracted growth (Figures 123 and 126 Plate XV). Figures 
122, 124 and 125 Plate XV show the branched character of these aerial 
roots. In Figure 121 an unusually large root cap is seen. 

Secondary roots from these adventitious roots develop in the usual 
way — occasionally they begin to develop when the hypodermis of the mother- 
root is too resistant and cannot be pierced and so they are forced to grow 
down the length of the root within the space enclosed by the hypodermis, 
emerging at a point where the resistance of the hypodermis can be overcome. 
Such a condition is shown in Figure 124. 

Figure 115 Plate XIV is a sector of a cross-section of an adventitious 
root in which differention has advanced to almost a complete stage. The 
epidermal cells however are still intact even though the hypodermis is quite 
fully developed. The changes that have taken place can be best seen by 
contrasting figures 114 and 115. The parenchymous cells of the septa or 
lamellae have remained unmodified throughout although an occasional 
schlerenchymous ‘cell develops here and there (Figure 115). When the root 
dies only the cells of the septa degenerate so that it is quite characteristic 
for such roots in a dead condition to separate into distinct elements, a 
tubular shell composed of hypodermis and bast and within that shell the 
rest of the root tissure which includes everything within the endodermis and 
the zone of cells which have gone over into a schlerenchymous ring 
shown in Figure 115. 

The absence of root hairs and the early development of an hypodermis 
limits the absorptive area to the region of the growing point. The condition 
in the oil palm root agrees with the observations of COPELAND (°) on the 
coco-nut palm. Water absorption is maintained through the epidermis near 
the tip. In Cocos this region according to COPELAND extends 5 cm. from 
the tip, the region beyond is occupied by the hypodermis. In drought this 
hypodermis grows quite close to the tip (2 cm.). 


The pneumathodes. 


The second group of secondary roots consists of the pneumathodes 
which are distributed every where on the roots both on the nutritive and 
adventitious roots. 

The structures occur normally upon the roots of the oil palm and 
there can be no doubt that they are associated with aeration. The pneuma- 
thodes appearing on the adventitious roots are shorter and broader than 
those appearing on the undergrond roots. On the underground roots they 
are longer and narrower. Except for their somewhat smaller size the 
pneumathodes are like those found on the roots of the coco-nut palm. 
Many of the palms in the collections growing in the Gardens at Buitenzorg 
show simillar structures. 


Y AMPOLSKY : Study of Oil palm. 137 





Text Figure 55. 


A — longitudinal section through a mature pneumathode X 12; 

B — portion of root with two pneumathodes — one just emerging the other mature X5. 

C—a mature pneumathode part of aerenchvma sloughed off showing central 
bundie X 10. 


In text Figure 55 B two such pneumathodes are seen on a portion of a root. 
The one to the right is fully mature, the one to the left has just broken through 
and in its appearance looks like a secondary root. In their origin they do not 
differ from a secondary root an Figure 53 Plate VIT may very well serve as an 
early atage of development of that organ. Such a root in cross-section shows in 
the center a single vascular bundle mostly occupied by thick-walled bast cells 
and with xylem cells towards the periphery. Surrounding the bundle is a 
layer of parenchyma cells — this is followed by a spongey parenchyma, 
then again a zone of parenchyma, and finally the epidermis. In the older 
structures the epidermis degenerates a strong hypodermis is developed and 
bast cells almost completely occupy the outermost zone of parenchyma. 

When the pneumathode is mature, the epidermis and hypodermis at 
the tip, split and these are reflexed giving a vase shaped appearance to 
the structure. In text Figure 55C such a structure is seen. Here the central 
bundle stands out above the aerenchyma tissue as a result of the sioughing 
off of some of the tissue, In Figure 55A a longitudinal section shows the 
various layers. The hypodermis in the figure is represented by a thick 
line on either side where it energes from the larger root. As we have 
already stated, the cells of the aerenchyma are more or less stellate in form. 

Such a spongey structure offers an excellent means for gas exchange 
and the presence of the air chambers in the larger root, allows for a very 
efficient system of aeration. The thick hypodermis and the woody character 
of the older root in general would allow practically no movement of gases 
from within, out and from without, in. With the pneumathodes in commu- 
nication with the air chambers within the root the plant is adapted to 
withstand long submersion under water. 

The finer details of the structure of the organ, its development and 
modifications have been reserved for another contribution. However, in 
the main the pneumathode (excepte for its outward appearance) agrees 
with the so called structure found in palms by JOST (IL. c.). 


138 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIvr. 2. 





Summary. 


The oil palm ordinarily produces nutritive and adventitious roots. 

Characteristic air chambers or lacunae are found in all the roots. 

These chambers originate in the radially arranged parenchymous tissue 
of the periblem. | 

These chambers arise as fissures or slits in the tissue apparently through 
actual tearing of cells. 5 

Two kinds of secondary roots are developed ordinary nutritive and 
pneumathodes. 

There are no root hairs formed on any of the roots. 

Pneumathodes are secondary roots with a single bundle running through 
the center and with specially developed aerenchymous tissue. 


The fruit. 


The gross anatomical structure of the oil palm fruit has served as the 
basis of classification of the many so-called varieties. Other characters of 
the tree have been employed in a lesser degree for that purpose. It is 
readily understood that a plant so extensively used by the indigenous popu- 
lations, of Africa primarily, would receive native names based on obvious 
differences. The fruit of the plant being the part used by the natives, 
variations in the fruit then, have naturally been used for varietal classi- 
fication. In the fruit the following distinguishing characters have been used : 
Color of fruit before and after ripening including presence or absence of 
anthocyan and chlorophyll. 

Form of fruit 

Thickness of shell — thick or thin shell 

Absence of shell 

Presence of accessory sterile carpels. 


Varieties of fruits. 


As a result of these observations a very large synonomy has sprung 
up —the natives of a given locality naming the forms found growing there. 
The work of the investigators who have attempted to systematize the forms 
has unfortunately led to no satisfactory classification, at least not fromthe 
point of view of the student of genetics. That these differences exist cannot 
be denied. However no work has been done to ascertain to what extemt 
such differences may be due to variations within a given line, how stable 
those differences are, what rôle environment plays, and what can be 
ascribed to teratological and to pathological phenomena. My investigations 
in that direction (*#) which have served as the basis of a small contribution 
and for the basis of a more extensive one to appear later have led 
me to question the diagnostic value of many such characters. 


YAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oil palm. 139 


If for the present we ignore characters other than pericarp, shell and 
kernel we find that those three elements of the fruit are highly variable. 
The constancy of these characters in inheritance is up to the present 
unknown. The few isolated observations that have been reported are more 
suggestive than convincing. They do at least indicate that of the large 
number of varieties three tend to maintain a limited constancy. These are 
now being tested out. The classification of BECCARI (?) based entirely on 
the characters of the fruits, unsubstantiated by genetical investigations, is 
at best a highly artifical one. This criticism applies to the works of those 
who have published before him and many of those who have published since. 

These preliminary remarks have been made to justify a closer exami- 
nation of those forms in Æ/aeis which appear to show genetic constancy. 
In another publication (4) | have recognized three types of fruit as showing 
tendencies towards stability (thick, medium and thin-shelled) and two 
others the so-called pisifera with no shell and the diwakkawaka with 
six accessory carpels, forms that although distinct, may very well be 
pathological and teratological forms. 


Differences in fruits. 


The differences in the three forms are differences in the proportions 
of the three elements, namely pericarp (epi and mesocarp) shell (endocarp), 
and kernel. In Figures 58 and 59 Plate VIII the cross and longitudinal 
sections of a thick-shelled form are seen. The shell occupies, in proportion 
to the rest of the fruit, the largest volume. The pericarp which yields the 
commercial product is very much reduced as well as the kernel which 
vields kernel oil. The variations that exist in the size of the kernel find a 
parallel in the variations in the size of the fruits within a bunch. The fruits 
at the end of the branches, that is the outside fruits, are, because of their 
position, larger than the inner fruits. In bunches where only few fruits 
have been set these grow unusually large giving rise to fruits perhaps one 
and one half times the size of normal fruits. Such fruits have been given 
varietal names by BECCARI (?) and ANNET (!), the socalled #acrocarya variety. 

In the longitudinal section of the thick shelled form bast fibres run 
from the base of the fruit through the pericarp, around the shell ending 
at various levels, some running through to the tip of the fruit. In early 
stages of development, before the shell is formed, the bast fibres are found 
traversing the whole length of the growing fruit and when the shell is 
ultimately laid down many of the fibres in the region occupied by the 
shell are included in the shell structure so that there is a direct communi- 
cation between the shell, the pericarp, and the fruit bunch. 

The triangular cavity in the center of the cross section of Figure 58 and 
the longitudinal furrow in Figure 59 indicate the cavity within the kernel. 
This cavity is homologous with the large water containing cavity of the 


140 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





coco-nut fruit, The haustorium of the embryo is in direct communication with it. 
From the base of the fruit a number of fibres appear to end abruptly when 
they reach the shell. In reality they pass through into the shell and some 
of those pass out of the shell into the tip of the fruit. Other fibres running 
tangentially to the shell are bent so that they conform to the outline ofthe 
shell. This can readily be seen when the pulp of the fruit is removed and 
the fibres are seen surrounding the stone. In a cross section of a fruit one can 
readily recognize two kinds of fibres, the brown or black ones immediately 
surrounding the shell, and the light colored ones scattered throughout the pulp. 

In Figures 60 and 61 Plate VII, the cross and longitudinal sections of 
the fruit with the medium thick shell are seen. The reduction in the thick- 
ness of the shell and the increase in the size of the pericarp make this form 
a more desirable type from the point of view of oil production. That is 
readily seen in contrasting this form with the one previously described. 
In Figure 60 a ring of isolated fibres of the same color as the shell indicate 
the fibres which were tangential to the shell and during the growth ofthe 
shell were bent conforming to the curvature of the shell. 

The form with the thin shell (Figures 62 and 63) shows a striking 
difference in the thickness of shell when contrasted with the other two. This 
comparatively thin shell offers very little resistance to cracking and is esteemed 
highly by the natives of Africa for that property since the kernel can be 
secured with so little effort. Except for the thin shell the structure of this 
form is like that of the other two. 


Variations within a form. 


The variations that exist within a given form can in a measure be seen 
from the cross sections of several fruits from the thin shelled form taken 
from different trees. These form a very interesting series. For the present 
we may assume that the shell represents a definite volume composed of bast 
fibres set in a matrix of stone cells, like so many straws in a brick. These 
brown or black fibres can be seen in varying proportions in the cross 
sections In the medium thick shell Figure 60 we have seen them as ring 
of isolated fibres close to the shell. In Figure 64, in the thin shelled form, 
they also form a single ring around the shell. In Figure 65 these fibres are 
also in a ring but the individual fibres are coarser. In Figure 62 the fibres 
form a wider zone around the shell —they show varying cross-sectional 
areas. The fruit in Figure 67 shows a wider distribution of the fibres; 
they occupy a comparatively thick zone around the shell. In Figure 66 these 
fibres are scattered throughout the pulp almost to the outermost periphery. 

If we now draw an imaginary circle around each zone of brown to 
black fibres we find naturally, if we include the dark fibres in the elements 
of the shell, that the cross sectional area of the shell elements has been 
widened so that a form shown in Figure 67 approaches very closely 
a medium thick shell and a form like the one shown in Figure 66 


VAMPOLSKY : Séudy of Oil palm. AU : #4 





aproaches the thick shelled form. It is quite evident that a fruit of the 
character of the one shown in Figure 66 will yield less pericarp than any 
of the others excluding the thick shelled form. This is of importance to 
the selectionist who is seeking to establish a form with a minimum amount 
of waste product — the shell and its elements are designated as such by 
the commercial exploiter of the oil palm. 


Pisifera or shell-less form of fruit, 


The so called shell-less form is the other extreme of a series the 
other end being occupied by the thick shelled form. In Figures 68 and 69 
the cross and longitudinal sections of this form are seen. In this form, ït 
has already been stated, the shell is entirely missing. In the cross section the 
eccentric circle represents the endosperm. The bounding line is not a 
reduced shell but a layer of cork cells surrounding the endosperm in all 
forms and which is readily separated from the shell in the forms with a 
shell. A section of such a cork layer is shown in Figure 146 Plate XVI. 
The crescent like structure in immediate contact with cork layer is the oper- 
culum, which organ plays an important rôle during germination. In the 
cross section the extent of the dark fibres is shown deliminating the area 
normally occupied by the shell. In the longitudinal section these fibres are 
seen traversing the length of the fruit. 

In many of the fruits in a bunch the embryo is normally developed 
and an endosperm is present; in other fruits from the bunch there is 
neither embryo nor endosperm — there are however dark fibres present. 
All the indications point to a pathological condition. That has been 
already suggested by BECCARI (I.c.). 

All the variations that exist in shell thickness, shell size, pericarp thick- 
ness, kernel size have not been included here. One can readily arrange 
from specimens taken from the trees that occur in a plantation a progres- 
sive series of parts of fruits showing reduction or increase in size of 
individual parts of the fruits. From the types of shell that have been dis- 
cussed such a series can be made from the forms shown in Plate VII. 
However, it is not maintained that they indicate an evolutionary series. 


Fruit with accessory floral parts. 


A type of fruit that has been recently given a specific rank by 
ANNET (!) Elaeis Poissoni, the Klude form described by GRUNER (°) from 
Togo, the diwakkawaka of BüCHER and FICKENDEY (5), is characterized by 
the presence of, as a rule, six accessory sterile carpels surrounding the 
normal fruit. These accessory carpels contain oil like the pericarp of the 
fruit and for that reason this form is considered valuable if it can maintain 
its character. This form is found also with thick, medium and thin shell. 
(Text figures 56 À, B, C, D, and E.) Examples of the forms are grown 
in Java. 


142 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE IN, VOL. V. LIVR. 2 








Text Figure 56. 


A—diwakkawaka fruit natural size, B —Iongitudinal section of thick- 
shelled form. C—a cross section thick-shelled form. D — cross section ofa 
medium-shelled form. E — cross section of a thin-shelled form. 


The phenomena of accessory floral parts or modified floral parts are 
too well known to need discussion here. The palm fruit with the accessory 
sterile carpels is merely a case of what is commonly called doubling and 
certainly such a case of floral modification deserves no specific rank. 
If such characters are diagnostic characters for species then all the terato- 
logical forms listed, and these are legion, must also be raised to specific 
rank. 

Text Figures 56, A, B, C, D, and E show the external appearance 
of such a fruit, a longitudinal and cross section of a thick-shelled form, 
a cross section of a medium thick-shelled form, and a cross section of a 
thin-shelled form respectively. The longitudinal sections of the last two 
forms are, with the exeption of the shell-thickness, like the longitudinal 
section shown in Figure B. 


Distribution of the fibres. 


The distribution of the dark colored fibres can be readily studied in 
the shell-less fruit — the pisfera form. By cutting sections at various levels 
beginning at the base and at intervals until the tip is reached, they can be 
traced. (Figure 70, Plate VII) is a section near the base of the fruit. The 
dark fibres are grouped together in the center of the section, the lighter 
colored ones are distributed irregularly through the pericarp. A little higher 
up these dark fibres begin to separate and they are seen in the following 
section, Figure 71, in the form of a circle surrounding the outlines of the 
three carpels, which are represented here as three circles within the larger 
one. In Figure 72, a still higher section, this is brought out more distinctly. 
Here the dark fibres are seen in the form of a circle and as three radii 
dividing the circle into equal sectors. In the following section (Figure 73) 
the three opercula, in the form of crescent like structures appear, only one 
however, as we shall see later, develops completely. The next two figures 
(Figures 74 and 75) show sections through the single endosperm, the em- 
bryo within the endosperm and its relation to the operculum. In these last 


YAMPOLSKY : S{udy of Oil palm. 143 


two sections the fibres of the radii present in a lower section have dis- 
appeared and the endosperm lies surrounded by fat cells. 


Seedless fruits. 


Another type of fruit must be mentioned here the so-called partheno- 
carpic fruit, which in some instances reaches the size of normal fruit; its 
pericarp is rich in oil. It differs from the normal fruit in the absence of 
endosperm and embryo and in the presence of a reduced pit solid through 
out. In this pit, stone and bast cells occupy the space normally occupied 
by endosperm and embryo. Whether this fruit is truly parthenocarpic or 
whether it is a result of fertilization followed by abortion allowing the de- 
veloping shell to push into the cavity has not been determined. In cutting 
through such solid pits one finds traces of the three opercula. 


Shell structure. 


À comparison of the shell of the three types the thick, the medium and 
the thin shell shows, as one would expect, that it is merely a difference 
in the number of fibres and the cementing cells, the stone cells. This is 
brought out in Figures 76, 77 and 78 Plate VII. These are portions of 
cross sections of the shell secured by grinding them down to the ap- 
propriate thickness for microscopic observation. For more detailed 
observations maceration was necessary. The size of individual fibres 
vary — the very largest as a rule are found on the periphery of the shell 
partially imbedded in the stone cells. That is seen from the figures. The 
fibres are held in place by a more less suberized layer of cells immediately 
surrounding the shell. This layer is strongly developed in the thin-shelled 
form the dotted area in Figure 76 represents that area. On both inner and 
outer surfaces of the shell cork layers of varying thickness are found. 

The shell in nature is dark brown or black and the fibres can be 
seen in cross section as lighter brown dots within the shell. Figure 79 
shows a cross section of one of the larger fibres in the shell surrounded 
by some of the stone cells. This bundle shows three distinct regions, 
an outer zone of cells with thickened walls, the so-called stegmata of 
WIESNER (#) which in Affalea contain crystals of silica, an inner thick 
zone of thickened bast cells and a central region the conducting tissue. 
This bundle corresponds to the bundle found in the neck piece of the 
haustorium shown in Figure 133 Plate XVI. Apparently these cells have 
ceased to function judged from their appearance in fully mature shells. 
In shells which have not yet been hardened and which can readily be cut 
through with a razor blade, the bundles show the same structure. The 
bast in such fibres, however, is not so strongly developed. 


Details of the pisifera fruit. 


The absence of shell in the pisifera type and the presence of a normal 
embryo and a reduced endosperm offers an opportunity for observation secured 


144 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 








only with the greatest difficulty in a form with a shell. The relationship of parts 
is clearly demonstrated in (Figure 80 Plate IX). This is a section through a 
fully mature pisifera fruit. This section passed through the embryo, the 
endosperm, the three opercula and the surrounding tissue. The regions 
here are definitely deliminated from each other in spite of the absence of : 
a shell. These are the pericarp, the region which normally is occupied by 
a shell, and the endosperm with the cavity of the embryo. Between the 
pericarp and the cork zone of the endosperm there is a zone almost com- 
pletely surrounding the endosperm, which in Figure 80 is seen as a dotted 
area in which bast fibres are seen in longitudinal and cross sections. This 
zone is presumably homologous with the shell in the other forms. 

In the forms where there is only a single embryo developed only one 
operculum develops completely, the other two are as à rule enveloped by 
the developing shell and they can be recognized as such even in the fully 
mature shell by cutting through the shell in the region where they lie. In 
the pisifera form the zone homologous with the shell does not pass 
around and enclose the other two opercula. 

It is interesting to compare these opercula, the one that is to function 
and the other two that are aborted. All three have in common a two 
layered structure, each layer of single cells. The cells facing the embryo 
and the endosperm are stone cells, more or less isodiametrical in form. 
These stone cells are not shown in the operculum capping the endosperm. 
They are however shown in the other two opercula. The other layer of 
palisade cells is also composed of sclerenchyma cells; these cells are rod- 
shaped. The line of demarcation between the two layers is readily seen. 
In the operculum that is to function, the horns of the crescent have grown 
around and reach for some distance around the kernel. The horns of this 
crescent are in turn partially enclosed by the tissue which is homologous 
with the shell. The operculum in cross section presents the characteristic 
crescent form. In the aborted opercula the ends are blunter and instead of 
growing down and around they are reflexed giving them also a charac- 
teristic appearance. 

Attached to the convex surface of the operculum are many fibres branched 
and unbranched. These fibres establish a direct communication between 
the operculum and the tissue of the pericarp. These fibres, like the fibres 
seen in cross section scattered though the pericarp, have the same struc- 
ture as the fibres that we have described in and outside of the shell. The 
fibres are attached to the operculum by means of a thin cork layer. It is 
evident then that whatever communication takes place between the operculum 
and the surrounding tissue is accomplished through these fibres. In the 
forms with a shell these fibres pass through the germ pore into the peri- 
Carp tissue. 

The zone immediately surrouding the endosperm is made up of com- 
pressed spindle shaped nucleated cells — colorless. They do not contain oil- 


VAMPOLSKY : S{udy of Oil palm. 145 
The cells pass over gradually into the dark brown cork cells with no 
cell centents which are directly in contact with the endosperm. The thin 
layer between the concave surface of the operculum and the endosperm 
in the vicinity of the embryo is composed of the same kind of cells. A 
very thin zone of spindle cells surrounds the aborted opercula. 

The endosperm tissue does not differ from the endosperm tissue in 
the shelled forms which we shall discuss later. 

The pericarp tissue in a state prior to ripening of the fruit is made 
up of polygonal cells When the process of ripening is complete these 
cells become rounded. At low magnifications the orange colored fat glo- 
bules indicate the distribution of the cells of the pericarp (Figure 80). The 
process of ripening has been recentiy described by TOBLER (‘) although 
no figures are given to show the condition of the cells prior to and during 
the process of ripening. 

It is not unusual to find two and three embryos in a seed and in 
rare cases also four (Figures 99—104 Plate XI). In each case there is no 
communication between the embryos, they are separated from each other 
by stone partitions. In the pisifera form two embryos are common and 
several with three have been seen. 

The various steps in the development of the oil palm fruit prior to and 
after fertilization are being investigated by my former colleague Dr. CARL 
HEUSSER of the Algemeene Proefstation der A.V.R.O.S. Medan Sumatra. 

For a discussion of the literature on the anatomy of the palm fruit 
WIESNER'S (*°) “Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreiches’”” is invaluable. Attention 
must be called to the similarity of the structure of the bundles (fibres) in 
the shell of ÆElaeis and Affalea (WIESNER I. c. Bd. IT p. 810 Figure 285. 


Summary. 


1).  Varietal distinctions are based on fruit characters. 

2). Our fragmentary genetic evidence points to three types of fruit 
which may be constant — thick, medium, and thin-shelled. 

3).  Differences in fruits are differences in the proportions of pericarp, 
shell and kernel. 

4). Within a given form great variation exists. 

5). In the shell-less form, a shell is entirely lacking although the region 
of the shell is present in a modified state. It may very well be a 

pathological form. 

6). Form with accessory floral parts may merely be a teratological form 
and cannot be considered of specific rank. 

7). Fibres can readily be traced in the pisifera form. 

8). The so-called parthenocarpic fruits contain oil in the pericarp like 
the normal fruit-pit is solid throughout. 

0).  Differences in shell thickness are differences in the proportions of 
bast and stone cell elements. 


146 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE HI, VOL. we LIVR. 24 





10). The pisifera fruit is a favorable object for study of the relationship 
of parts. 

11) The operculum in the pisifera fruit in contact with the endosperm 
is fully developed in spite of the absence of a shell. 


The endosperm. 


Endosperm in the sense that it is used in this paper is the tissue of 
the seed that is absorbed by the haustorium for the growth of the young 
plant. The origin of this tissue has not been determined. This phase ofthe 
work is being pursued by my former colleague Dr. C. HEUSSER. The term 
endosperm is in general use for that structure in palm seeds. 

The embryo in palms in general, is comparatively small, occupying but 
a small space in the seed. If we return to the plate showing the various 
fruits in cross and longitudinal section (Figures 58 to 69 Plate VIII), we 
find that the endosperm or kernel is a highly variable thing. The size 
of the endosperm is dependent upon the same environmental factors 
which influence the size of the fruit itself. These factors may be general 
nutrition of the whole plant, the number of female flowers produced per 
branch of an inflorescence, the number of fruit set, the number of embryos 
that develops within a given fruit etc. The largest kernel is found in the 
so-called #”acrocarya variety described by BECCARI (I.c.) and the smallest 
in the so-called pisifera variety. These two extremes are in my opinion 
reactions to definite environmental factors and are not to be considered as 
normal forms. Bunches that set only a few fruits very often show those 
abnormally large fruits. [| have already stated before that the pisifera 
variety is very likely a pathological form. 

When not mutually influenced by the pressure exerted upon each other 
as is the case when two or more endosperms are present within a seed, 
the endosperm tends to be more or less egg-shaped. When the kernel is 
removed from the shell it is very dark brown almost black in color. The whole 
surface of the kernel is covered with a very finely branched net of fibres. 
The kernel itself is quite hard and resistant after it has been exposed to 
the air for a time. In the fresh state after cutting through the cork layer 
surrounding the inner tissue the endosperm offers little resistance to the knife. 

The layer surrounding the endosperm proper consists of three kinds 
of cells — an outer layer of two or more cells with thick walls and small 
lumina — then follows a thick layer of cells with black contents and light 
colored walls. These cells may be seen in their long or short axes (Figure 
146 Plate XVII) and finally a third layer the inner one very much like the 
outer one. In describing this integument Hanausek (WIESNER I.c. p. 696 — 701) 
states that the inner of the three layers shows cells with granular contents. 

The cells within the cork layer are the nutritive cells which are 
ultimately absorbed by the haustorium. In the freshly picked fruit the cells 


YVAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oil palm. 147 
of the endosperm are dull white in color. When the endosperm is cut in 
cross section it can be detected with the naked eye that the cells are 
arranged in rows radiating from the periphery towards the center of the 
kernel. This can be seen in Figures 130 and 131 Plate XVI and in Figure 
144 plate XVII In a tangential section (Figure 80, Plate IX) the cells are 
polygonal in outline, they de not show a radial arrangement. The walls of 
the cells are thick and the cells are in communication with their neighbors 
on all sides through pits in the wall (Figure 145, Plate XVII). The cells of 
the endosperm in their structure are like the cells of the date, Phoenix 
dactylifera described by SACHS (#) with this difference, namely the cell 
wails between the pits are not 8o strongly developed. The presence of the 
pits every where in the cell walls, allows for éasy movement in all directions 
so that secretions from the haustorium can readily find their way to 
remote parts of the endosperm and movement of substances from the 
endosperm to the haustorium likewise is facilitated. 

It has been previously stated that in the endosperm there are two 
cavities, one in which the embryo lies the form of which follows the 
outline of the embryo and the other in the center which in longitudinal 
section of the kernel is seen as a fissure running up and down or as a 
triangular opening in cross section. As a rule the two cavities are united by 
a tiny canal, running from the base of the cavity of the embryo into the larger 
one. This can be seen from Text Figure 57. Such an arrangement permits 
a very rapid passage of substances from the embryo to the endosperm. The 
cells of the endosperm do not end abruptly into these cavities. In the cavity 
in which the embryo lies the ends of the radiating cell rows are bent back so 
that they form a sort of felt zone lining the cavity. The cells of this 
felt zone are for the main empty and crushed together so that they 
can hardly be recognized as cells. The same holds true for the cell rows 
entering the larger cavity. They too form a felt zone lining the cavity. 
Occasionally where the cavity is rather large the frayed ends of the radiating 
rows of cells are not bent back against the sides ofthe cavity but they mat 
themselves half way into the cavity. 

In the mature state the cavity is devoid of any fluid. There is nothing 
to correspond with the “milk” of the coco-nut. In fruits where the endo- 
sperm is just beginning to grow and fill up the cavity within the already well 
developed shell, that cavity is Completely filled with a watery liquid. 
Contrary to the condition in the coco-nut fruit where germination can take 
place when the nut is hung up—the oil palm seed must have water before 
it can proceed to germinate. The intercommunication between cavities and 
the relation of the enbryo with the operculum also allows communication 
with the exterior of the seed. This can also be seen in Text Figure 57. 
The fibres emerging from the upper part of the operculum are in commu- 
nication with the outside. There is no doubt that even when the fibres are 
dead, water passes through them towards the embryo. 


148 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





Contents of endosperm. 


In commerce the kernel yields kernel oil a product used in the in- 
dustries. As high as fifty percent oil is secured from the endosperm, The oil 
is found in all the cells of the endosperm (except in the crushed cells that 
form the linings of the cavities) in the form of globules of varying sizes. 
The cells on the border between the periphery of the endosperm and the 
cork layer contain fewer drops of oil and also smaller aleuron grains. The 
other cells of the endosperm show varying proportions of oil and aleuron grains. 

TSCHIRCH () gives the following as the composition of the kernel oil 
extracted from ELAEIS: main constituent lauric acid, oleicacid palmitic acid, 
myristic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid and phtytosterol. In prepared and 
fixed material the fat of the endosperm cells is crystalized out (WIESNER 
Bd. II. p. 609). 

WIESNER (*) Bd. ! p. 658 quoting from OUDMANS gives the following 
as the composition of kernel oil: oleic acid, glyceral tristearate, palmitic acid, 
myristic acid, lauric acid, capric acid, caprylic acid and caproic acid. 

The aleuron grains too vary in size and they are found in all of the cells of 
the endosperm. These in their structure are like those described in other plant 
cells. The rhomboid and globoid crystals are included within a granular matrix. 

In addition to the above mentioned contents of the cells must be in- 
cluded the nuclear and cytoplasmic remains of the cells which of course 
are absorbed by the haustorium. The endosperm furnishes to the growing 
plant the following substances. 

1). Celluloses — from its cell walls. 

2). Fats and oils stored in the cells. 

3). Proteins and inorganic substances in the aleuron grains. 
4). Cytoplasmic and nuclear substances and their inclusions. 


Germination of the seed. *) 


The immense amount of work that has been done on germination in 
in the monocotyledons alone makes it almost surperfluous to enter into a 
lengthy discussion of the literature here. That is equally true of the Palmae 
which have long been the objects of such investigations. Elaeis shows no 
marked departure in germination from other palms. There would be little 
justification for a detailed description of the stages were it not for the 
interesting internal phenomena that are associated with germination. AII 
studies on germination in palms must go back to SACHS (*°:%) work 
on germination in grasses and palms. To be sure VON MOHL and even 
earlier investigators have indicated the broad principles of germination in 
the palms. However, it was not until SACHS' work appeared that the 
intimate relationship of parts of the seed in the process of germination 
become known. The works that have followed since SACHS have extended 


*) Kiebs — Important survey of the types of germination and literature. 


_ VAMPOLSKY : S{udy of Où palm. 149 





our knowledge of germination in palms as well as in other monocotyledons. 
TSCHIRCH (7) and his school have done much to further investigations 
along that line. Still, the number of detailed investigations on the relation 
between haustorium and endosperm are few. We have yet to await a 
thorough investigation of so conspicuous an organ as the haustorium of 
the coco-nut in its relation to the endosperm, although the cultural phase 
Of that palm has been exploited intelligently for countless centuries. The 
fruit of the oil palm because of its size and because it offers no serious 
technical difficulties is a most favorable object for investigation. 

If we turn now to the gross details of germination we can follow 
the steps in the process very readily. We have seen that the fruit of the 
oil palm can roughly be divided into pericarp, shell and kernel. When the 
fleshy, oil containing pericarp is removed the germ pores of the seed 
become visible, As a rule only one is functional since the rule is that one 
embryo develops in each seed. Attention has also been called to the 
presence of two, three and four embryos within a single seed. PFITZER (?) makes 
the following grouping of palm fruits based upon the presence or absence 
of definite regions for the emergence of the embryo during germination. 

1). No definite locus in the 
shell — the embryo breaks-through 
the shell as à result of internal 
pressure exerted by the growing 
embryo. 

2). Shell provided with de- 
finite areas less resistant than the 
rest of the shell — strands of soît 

tissue pass through those areas 
_ enabling the embryo to push its 
way through with but little re- 
sistance. 

3). Presence of definite open- 
ings in the shell provided with 
plugs which are pushed out 
through the openings(germ pores) 
at germination. 

The variations that exist in 





di Text Figure 57. 

the last BIQUP have been indicated F— fibres te fon the operculum, 
by PFITZER. does the germ pore into the pericarp. 
- - — operculum in cross section. E — embrvyo. 
The fruit of the oil palm E C—cavity in which embryo lies. I C — 
belongs to the third category. intercomminicating canal. F —fissure in en- 
_ In the discussion of the fruit we dosperm (homoiogous with large cavity in 
£ coco-nut) S — shell. E — endosperm, € — cork 

have described the operculum. layer surrounding endosperm X 2!/. 


The pores run through the whole 
thickness of the shell so that the thickness of the shell apparently has no 


150 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE U, VOL. V. TVR: 








significance for germination. Experiments undertaken by several investigators 
in Africa and in the Malay Archipelago show that the same fluctuations 
in germination exist among all types of fruits and even when the shell 
has been removed. 

The embryo of Ælaeis lies within a cavity in the endosperm completely 
surrounded by the endosperm tissue. (Text Figure 57). The cavity in which 
the embryo lies is in communication with the fissure in the endosperm 
which we have seen is present, and most likely is homologous with the 
conspicuous cavity in the fruit of Cocos-nucifera. The operculum can be 
readily removed in an intact state by breaking the shell. It is kept rigidly 
in place on the one side by the embryo and on the other side by the 
fibres and fleshy tissue of the pericarps which fill up the germ canal. 
The position of the operculum is seen in (Figures 82 and 83 Plate X). 
The operculum ïis a flattened cone with a diameter slightly less than the 
diameter of the canal. We have seen it in cross section in Figure 80 
Plate IX. In Figures 96 and 97 Plate X we see its side and under 
surface views respectively. From ïits upper convex surfaces branched 
and umbranched fibres pass through the canal into the pericarp 
(Figure 80 Plate IX) establishing a communication between the external 
and internal environment of the embryo. These fibres like those in 
the pisifera fruit are made up of bast and conducting tissue. The fibres 
together with the cork layer which holds them in place give a 
roughened appearance to the cuter surface of the operculum. The inner 
and concave surface is smooth (Figure 97) provided in the center with a 
tiny canal which ends blindly. Into this blind canal a nipple-like structure 
from the center of the flattened end of the embryo fits (Figure 82 and 84 
Plate X). It is obvious that such an ‘arrangement allows for a distribution 
of pressure from the growing embryo upon the operculum so that it is 
pushed straight out of the germ pore without rotation along the axis of 
its diameter. 

In the fully ripe seed the embryo when exposed shows definite 
external differentiation. The haustorium is seen deliminated from the rest 
of the embryo; it is also lighter in color. Figure 82 Plate X represents 
an embryo taken from a ripe fruit. The constriction very near the middle 
is the boundary line between the haustorium and the remaining part of 
the embryo. In the haustorium itself longitudinal shallow furrows indicate 
the beginning of the pronounced ridges characteristic of the growing 
haustorium in later stages of germination. The portion of the embryo 
above the haustorium exept for the nipple-like growth on the flattened 
end, shows no outward differentiation. 

With the beginning of germination the embryo begins to elongate at 
both ends, the haustorium eating its way into the endosperm and the 
rest begins to push through the canal towards the exterior. The nipple 
too elongates and becomes quite a conspicuous structure (Figure 84). 


YAMPOLSKY: Study of Oil palm. L 151 





In the meantime the constriction at the upper end of the haustorium 
becomes more pronounced and in that region growth around the 
flanks goes on so that soon the diameter through the region is greater 
than the diameter of the pore, offering naturally, a barrier to the 
haustorium. This results as we shall see later in a flattened surface 
at the attached end of the haustorium. The presence also of a collar 
just beneath the shell prevents the haustorium from pushinz out of 
the shell. 

Growth of the embryo goes on simultaneously with growth of the 
haustorium and at the same time at the expense of the endosperm. After 
the embryo has pushed beyond the germ pore further external differen- 
tiation is apparent. The portion of the embryo between the attached end 
of the haustorium and the part containing the radicle etc., becomes the 
neck piece which connects the young plant with the haustorium. The 
radicle bursts through the sheath first, and occasionalily the sheath has a 
regular saw-tooth edge. In Figure 95 the radicle has just forced its way 
through the sheath and the sheath has been torn in the regular manner 
described. After the emergence of the radicle the first leaf bursts through 
at the opposite end. In (Figures 81 to 88 Plate X) the various stages are 
shown in succession. In Figure 86 which is a longitudinal section through 
a seed showing the relationship of parts, the haustorium has made consi- 
derable growth. The stages that follow show the further unfolding of 
the embryo. The root system develops so that absorbtion of food from 
the haustorium is supplemented by food taken up by the roots and the 
food obtained by the photosynthetic processes of the green part of the 
plant. The haustorium continues to grow at the expense of the endosperm. 
In (Figures 92 and 94) half of the volume is now ocupied by the haus- 
torium. In Figures 98 to 105 Plate XI where the root systems in the 
several seedlings have made à considerable growth perhaps about half of 
the endosperm has been used up. In a seedling with two fully unfolded 
leaves in active assimilation, the endosperm is just about used up (Figures 
106 and 107, Plate XII). 

The remains of the seed may be seen still atached to plants as old as 
two years. To be sure the haustorium has degenerated and commonly a 
root may find its way into the cavity and fill it up. 

The presence of two, three and four embryos in a seed is 
always associated with an equivalent number of haustoria each embryo 
emerging from a germ pore. This can be seen from Figures 98 to 105 
Plate XI Figures 101, 102 and 103 show the haustoria in cross 
section. 

The original sheath of the embryo persists for a long time and even 
in an advanced stage shown in Figure 106, Plate XII it is seen as brown 
leathery scales at the base of the stem. 


152 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





The Haustorium. 


The presence of an haustorium or an equivalent organ is widespread 
in the Monocotyledons. The haustorium is particularly characteristic of the 
palms and it has served as an object for investigation for over a century. 
Although the haustorium in its relation to germination has been known, 
it was not until SACHS' work appeared that the real significance of the 
whole process of germination in forms with an haustorium was understood. 
To be sure observations on the growth of the haustorium have been pu- 
blished and a publication appeared in 1811 by VOIGT entitled, “Analyse 
der Frucht und des Samenkorn von LOUIS CLAUDE RICHARDS”. 

On pages 174 and 175 RICHARDS (‘) in describing the embryo of 
Schoenus Mariscus L. states the following: 

“Unterwirft man diesen Embryo derselben Art von Analyse wie die 
vorigen, so erblickt man gleichfalis eine Gemmula, ein Cotyledon und eine 
Radicula. Die Keimung verändert aber die Form und die Richtung dieser 
drei Theile sehr sonderbar. Der Cotyledon schwillt im Endosperm an ohne 
jedoch dessen zu vergrôssern, und wird länglich, ja gleichsam walzenformig””. 
Figures E, F, G and H show unmistakably the germination stages where 
the haustorium (Cotyledon) enlarges at the expene of the endosperm. 

In 1866, four years after SACHS' work appeared, the plates to 
accompany the observations of GAUDICHAUD (*) were published by D. 
ALLEIZETTE based on a voyage around the world by GAUDICHAUD in 1836 
to 1837. In Plate 29 various germination stages in Phyfelephas Pavonii 
are shown. In his Figure 3 he shows the haustorium eating its way into 
the endosperm. In the vicinity of the haustorium a dark somewhat irre- 
gular zone is pictured. No text description of that phase is given and it is 
very likely the zone of partially emptied cells in the vicinity of the hausto- 
rium. À section through the neck-piece shows a radial arrangement of 
bundles. In Figure 4 the haustorium removed from the endosperm is seen 
as irreguiar ovoid body. In Figure 5 a cross section of an haustorium is 
shown. However none of the drawings show any cellular structures. 
Two of the stages are reproduced in ENGLER and PRANTLES’, , Die Natürlichen 
Pflanzenfamilien””. 

SACHS (*!) in his work on the date palm quotes from VON MOHL 
who very cleary describes the growth of the haustorium at the expense of 
the endosperm. This is the only known case states SACHS, where a process 
similar to what he has seen in Phoenix dactylifera -has been previously 
described. VON MOHL (?!) made his observations on Corypha frigida 
and Phoenix dactylifera (Tab. P., Martius I.c.) 

EBELING (7) investigated besides many forms of Monocotyledons, the 
following palms : | | | 

Phoenix dactylifera, P, canariensis, Latania borbonica, P. tenuis, 
P. reclinata, Seaforthia elegans, Corypha Canna and Chamaerops elegans 


VAMPOLSKY: Siudy of Oil palm. 153 
In all these forms he finds an agreement in the rôle of the haustorium. 
This organ grows at the expense of the endosperm. 

The periphery of the haustorium is composed of thin-walled cells 2 
_to 4 times as long they are wide whose function it is to absorb the food 
substances from the endosperm. The layer underneath is composed of 
cells which are responsible for the continued growth of the haustorium. 
The haustorium is supplied with two thick bundles which are continued 
in the cotyledonary sheath. In contrast to the condition in the Gramineae, 
the haustorium of the palm absorbs the crushed cell walls of the 
endosperm. 

TSCHIRCH (7) gives a long list of monocolyledenous plants that 
possess an haustorium. For our purpose however, it seems unnecessary to 
cite the many contributions that have been made on the subject of the 
haustorium in plants. The few citations that have been given will serve 
Our purpose. 


The form of the haustorium. 


The form of the haustorium during its growth depends upon its 
position with reference to the endosperm. And the form of the entire 
endosperm will ultimately affect the form of the haustorium., In a fruit 
like the coconut the haustorium after it has passed out of the cavity in 
which the embryo lies, into the large cavity of the endosperm, meets no 
pressure and consequently develops equally in all directions so that it is 
usually ball shaped throughout its growth. Where the haustorium comes 
in contact with a more resistant element which it cannot readily digest it 
conforms more or less to the shape of the obstruction. In the date seed 
the haustorium ultimately comforms to the shape of the seed. 

TSCHIRCH (7) recognizes three types of haustoria found in the Mono- 
cotyledons. 

Gramineae type — in this form the haustorium (scutelum) lies to the 
side of the food storage tissue and it enlarges only slightly or not at all 
during germination. 

Paim type — in this form the haustorium is surrounded by endosperm 
tissue and during germination grows into the endosperm growing and 
enlarging at its expense. 

Zingiber type — in this form the haustorium although situated in the 
center of the food storage tissue, does not enlarge appreciably. 

We have already called attention to the haustorium in the resting 
embryo. In that stage it is sharply deliminated from the rest of the embryo 
by a constriction. Furthermore in removing such embryos from the seed, 
a color difference is seen, the haustorium is white, the rest of the embryo 
is a very pale yellow with a faint tinge of green. In the resting state the 
haustorium is cone shaped in appearance with a blunt apex (Figure 82, 
Plate X). Parallel ridges run in the direction of its long axis. The ridges 


154 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





themselves show tiny tubercular structures so that the outlines of the ridges 
under slight magnification are somewhat wavey. 

With germination setting in changes in form of the haustorium 
begin to occur. The constriction begins to appear more pronounced, the 
ridges become more prominent and elongation takes place (Figure 84, 
Plate X). Returning to Text Figure 57, we see that the position of 
the embryo in the periphery of the endosperm and the fact that it is 
rigidly held in place by virtue of the cavity in which it lies and its sub- 
sequent emergence through the germ canal, allows for unequal fields of 
activity for various regions -of the haustorium. The growth of the upper 
part of the haustorium is limited by the narrow zone of endosperm tissue 
surrounding it. As soon as all the endosperm tissue is used up no further 
growth is possible there, mainly, because of the physical barrier of the 
shell which is never dissolved away by the haustorium. Very soon then, 
the part of the haustorium attached to the neck piece comes in contact 
with the resistant shell and its form becomes the form of that part of the 
shell. In Figure 111, Plate XII, the flattened upper surface af an haustorium 
removed from the remaining endosperm and shell, is seen. This is from 
a late stage of development. Earlier stages of flattening of the upper end 
of the haustorium can be seen in Figures 86, 88, 92, and 94, Plate X. 
Where for some reason the activity of the upper part of the haustorium 
is not so pronouced as in other parts of the haustorium the form tends 
to become cylindrical (Figures 90 and 94). Ultimately however, the haus- 
torium will become ball-shaped and in general will conform to the shape 
of the interior of the shell. 

The presence of the ridges on the haustorium even in a resting 
condition, indicate that the subsequent growth of the haustorium is not 
limited to the mere surface of the sphere representing the haustorium. In 
a longitudinal section of an haustorium the embryo of which is just 
pushing its way beyond the germ pore the lobed end (Figure 128, Plate 
XVI), shows how a larger surface for digestion and absorption is 
obtained. A little later stage (Figure 129) shows the beginning of the 
formation of lobes on the sides of the haustorium. With the development 
of the haustorium there is a marked increase in the ridges in all directions 
so that whole haustorium has a convoluted appearance (Figures 102 to 105 
Plate XL.). 

In cross sections the relative distribution of the lobes in young and 
older haustoria can be seen. In younger haustoria the number of lobes 
are fewer. This can be seen by comparing Figure 130 with Figure 131, 
Plate XVI. In Figure 130 less than half of the endosperm has been digested, 
in Figure 131 about three fourths of the endosperm has been used up. 
The number of lobes increase with the growth of the haustorium. 

Occasionally one finds kidney shaped haustoria or haustoria with a 
constriction running three fourths of the way in. Figure 109, Plate XI, 


VAMPOLSKY : Séudy of Oil palm. 11], 188 


shows a side view of a kidney shaped haustorium and Figure 108 shows 
one with the above described constriction. À longitudinal view of such an 
haustorium is seen in Figure 127, Plate XVI. Local inhibition’ of growth 
which allows the rest of the tissue to grow beyond it can account for 
such structures. 


Size of haustorium. 


The ultimate size of the haustorium depends upon the volume of 
endosperm tissue that it has to displace since as we have seen all of the 
endosperm is absorbed. The great variation that exists in the size of the 
endosperm in the various types of fruits and within the fruits of one tree 
influences the ultimate size of the haustorium. The presence of two or 
more enbryos in a seed likewise influences the size of the individual 
haustoria. Thus we see that the haustoria in a fruit with two or three 
embryos (Figures 103 and 104, Plate XI) are half as large as those in fruits 
with one embryo (Figure 102), although all three types are in the same 
stage of development. The largest haustorium is found in the so-called 
macrocarya form and the smallest would occur in the pisifera form if 
germination of such a form were assured. À glance at the types of fruit 
shown in Plate VIT brings out the variations that may exist in the size of 
the haustorium of the oil palm. 4 

The rôle of the cells of the haustorium and the endosperm during 
germination was for the first time described by SACHS (*), (*) and in 
order to orient ourselves on the many problems that are before us, a digest 
of his work on grasses and the date palm will be of material aid. 

In the grasses the following salient features may be noted. 

Between the endosperm and the shield (scutellum) a layer of crushed 
cells is present — these are the remains of endosperm cells. 

Parenchyma cells of the shield show inter-cellular spaces. 

No changes occur in the parenchyma cells during the whole process 
of germination; the shield is fully developed in the resting condition of 
the embryo. 

Before germination no sugar is found in the endosperm and the starch 
grains are intact. 

When the root in the wheat seedling is 1 cm. long and in corn 3 cm. 
long, the presence of sugar can be detected associated also with corrosion 
of starch grains. 

The process begins where the endosperm is in contact with shield 
and then digestion moves slowly to remoter parts of the endosperm. 

The parenchyma of the seedling becomes filled with starch grains. 

Neither sugars nor starch are present in the epithelium (ferment layer) 
of the shield (scutellum) at any time during germination. The sugars that 
pass from the endosperm into the shield through the epithelium are either 
fixed by the nitrogenous substances in the cells or they are immediately 


156 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 








delivered to the cells of the parenchyma appearing there as starch. The 
epithelium also takes nitrogenous and protein substances from the endosperm. 

In Phoenix dactylifera the following features may be noted: 

Before germination no starch nor tannin is found in the embryo; 
proteins and fats are present. 

The endosperm is composed of the well known thickened cells whose 
primary membrames can be seen as continuous double lamellae between 
the secondary wall thickenings; no inter-cellular spaces are present in the 
endosperm tissue. 

The contents of the endosperm cells are proteins and droplets of oil- 
like substances; starch and tannin are not present in the cells. 

The amount of oil in the endosperm is too small to account for the 
large amount of dextrose and starch in the parenchyma of the embryo at 
the beginning of germination and so the source of these is in the cell 
wall thickenings of the endosperm. 

Bundles of the haustorium are the paths of transportation of proteins 
taken up by the haustorium to be delivered to the young plant. 

With the beginning of germination oil disappears from the embryo 
proper and sugar is found present. | 

From the beginning of germination until the end of the process sugar 
is present in all parts of the haustorium except in the epithelium (fermentation 
layer), the layer beneath, the cells of which are continually dividing, and 
in the bundles. 

- The sheath of the cotyledon transports sugar to the embryo. 

Sugar is stored as starch in definite parts of embryo and haustorium 
(Figure 3 Taf.IX, SACHS). After germination has begun tannin, is found 
everywhere but in the endosperm. 

The second layer through division and also the third layer in part, 
are resposible for the growth of the haustorium during germination. 

In the very beginning stretching is due to cells already formed in the 
embryo before germination. 

The bundles of the haustorium are a continuation of those in the 
cotyledonary sheath; they are peripherally arranged. 

The outer cell layer of the haustorium is a continuation of the epidermis 
of the cotyledonary sheath; the cells continue to divide all through the 
growth of the organ during germination. 

It is this epithelium which is responsible for the absorption of the 
reserve material of the endosperm. 

No sugar or starch is found in those cells. 

With the growth of the haustorium the endosperm tissue in the vicinity 
is softened forming a zone. 

À zone of crushed cells is present around the haustorium, composed 
of cells emptied of their contents whose primary walls only are seen. 
These primary walls can be followed into the yet intact part of the 


VAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oil palrr. 157 
endosperm. The zone of crushed cells composed of primary membranes 
orows wider with the absorption of the endosperm. The epithelium secretes 
a substance which digests the endosperm. Oil drops are very likely sucked 
up as such. 

LLOYD (!°) among many observations on the embryogeny of the date, 
which we shall not concern ourselves with here, adds materially to the 
picture of germination in the date. 

He found masses of oil drops between the embryo and endosperm 
during the embryonic period and germination. 

In the latter stage he believes it to be merely accidental as a result of 
the technique employed. He believes that the oil is made soluble and 
not sucked up as SACHS believed. 

Although SACHS found no digestion of the primary walls of the cells 
of the endosperm, LLOYD states that during embryogeny the primary cells 
walls are digested by cytase which disappears soon after and does not 
reappear during germination. 

LLOYD makes five zones of endosperm tissue instead of three as 
SACHS did. 

a). Crushed cells from embryonic period. 

b). Compressed cells of primary membranes — oil in minute droplets. 

Zone nwhere the oil inithe%cellsmis thine the formi of, large 

single drops, protoplasm has disappeared and the reserve cellulose 
is less in amount. 

d). Zone in which protoplasm is disappearing and the reserve cel- 

lulose begins to undergo changes. 

e). Unchanged endosperm. 

GREEN (!°) had somewhat earlier than LLOYD maintained that in 
Livistona humilis a cytolytic ferment attacked the primary membrane and 
dissolved it. 

Before considering the details of the haustorium and endosperm of 
Elaeis during germination, we must note a few more facts given by 
other investigators. 

REISS (?#) found reserve cellulose in the following palms PAyfelephas 
macrocarpa, Chamaerops humilis, Lodoicea Seychellarum and Elaeis 
£uineenis. 

KOHL (7) found protoplasmic communication between the cells of the . 
endosperm of Phytelephas macrocarpa and Coleococcus carolinensis. 

WITTMACK (#) observed in the haustorium of the coco-nut a spongey 
tissue composed of stellate cells and also many air spaces. The cells of 
the periphery were smaller and free from starch grains and the cytoplasm 
denser. The inner cells contained many starch grains. The bundles in the 
haustorium were peripherally arranged. 

NEWCOMBE (2) reported on the presence of a cytohydrolytic enzyme 
in the daie. The extract of the date seedling acted freely on starch, 


158 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





POND (5) showed that the endosperm of the date is incapable of 
self-digestion. 

KRUIFF (8) reported that the haustorium of the coconut contained 
lipase, protease, amylase, catalase and peroxidase. 


Structure of the haustorium. 


When the embryo is in the resting condition, that is when the fruit is 
already ripe, all the structures which are to function during the process 
of germination are already deliminated. That is especially true of the 
haustorium, all of whose elements are present before germination. Thus 
in cutting cross sections of the resting embryo one finds, as one appro- 
aches the juncture of haustorium with the cotyledon, the definite arrangement 
of the vascular bundles in a ring. In a longitudinal section the bundles 
are seen running to the very end of the cotyledon. These bundles at the 
opposite end are in communication with the embryo proper. In Figure 132, 
Plate XVI, ten bundles are seen arranged in a ring. This section was made 
from the neck-piece of the haustorium where it passes out of the germ 
pore. The bundles are most closely compressed in the canal running 
through the shell. Within the shell the bundles spread themselves out and 
also outside of the shell they are wider apart. In Figure 127 which is a 
longitudinal section through the seed and seedling three of these bundles 
can be followed from the haustorium into the vascular system of the seedling 
in an advanced stage of growth. The structure of the bundle in cross 
section shows an outer zone of cells polygonal in outline with thickened 
walls. This zone in some places is more than one cell thick. Within this 
zone are bast, xylem and phloem cells. In its general structure it is like the 
bundle described in the shell (Figure 79 Plate VII). The outermost layer 
of the haustorium, the ferment layer or epidermis, is definitly deliminated 
in the resting stage of the embryo and can be seen as columnar cells with 
their long axes perpendicular to the long axis of the haustorium. Inside 
of this layer follow two or three layers of more or less cubical cells, then 
come bundle cells and in the center a parenchyma of irregular cells. The 
innermost tissue which is the spongey tissue of the growing haustorium 
does not show the inter-cellular spaces in the resting condition. 

As soon as germination sets in changes are observed in the haustorium. 
Nuclear and cell division go on simultaneously in all parts of the haustorium, 
the most active division of cells takes place in the outermost layer and the 
two, three and sometimes more layers within. Notwithstanding the statements 
made by SACHS (*!) and others that it is the outermost and the second 
layer that divides, | have been able to find nuclear and cell division in all 
the regions in a stage shown in Figure 128, Plate XVI. 

The innermost tissue, the spongey parenchyma, in the very first stages 
Of germination begins to expand so that inter-cellular spaces appear between 


YAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Où palm. 159 





the cells. At first these spaces are small, but when the cells take on a 
stellate character they become considerably larger. The cells furthest away 
from the end of the haustorium are the largest. With the emerg'ence of the 
cotyledon from the germ pore the constriction between the haustorium and 
the cotyledon becomes more pronounced and the epidermal cells of the 
haustorium, which in the resting stage are not sharply separated from the 
epidermis of the cotyledon, become so now. In Figure 128 which is a 
longitudinal section of an haustorium in a very early stage of germination 
all the above mentioned regions can be made out with but little difficulty. 
It is also to be noted that the bundles make a distinct zone of division 
between the spongey parenchyma and the most active meristematic region. 
The vascular system of the haustorium is always peripheral, no vascular 
elements ever pass into the spongey parenchyma. 

If we examine the lobes in an early stage of germination we find that” 
there is no spongey tissue element there and we also find that they are 
the seat of very active cell division. 

The cells of the epidermis through their active division keep on adding 
more cells, keeping pace with the division in the interior of the haustorium. 
The cells inside of the epidermis divide to form the tissue of the bundles 
which enter the new lobes of the haustorium, and also the cells that form 
the spongey parenchyma of the growing organ. 

The subsequent development of the haustorium is primarily an extension 
of the organ in all directions without entailing any profound modifications 
of the tissue. Lobes increase in number. Figure 129, Plate XVI, is a 
somewhat older stage than the one shown in Figure 128. The sides of 
the longitudinal section show the characteristic lobing. In a cross section 
of a still later stage (Figure 130) the lobes have increased in number. Into 
each lobe one or two branches from a bundle enter. The further increase 
in the lobes can be seen from Figure 131. 

The meristematic tissue of the haustorium becomes more restricted as 
the haustorium grows. Whereas in the very early stage (Figure 128) a 
considerable portion of the haustorium is meristematic, in a stage repres- 
ented by Figure 130 the cells of the outer two layers only are in active 
division. In a stage represented by Figure 131, the inner of the two layers 
has also ceased to divide. From that time on until the last of the endosperm 
is absorbed the haustorium grows mainly through the elongation of the 
cells of the periphery — that is the cells just within the Epidermis — and 
also because of the increase in the size of the inter-cellular spaces. 

The distribution and arrangement of the spongey tissue is interesting 
to note. In Figure 139, Plate XVII, several of the cells taken from the 
interior of an haustorium are seen. The cells are more are less irregularly 
stellate in character allowing for large spaces between the cells that come 
in contact with each other. The long axis of such a cell usually runs 
parallel with the long axis of the haustorium. In the lobes the spongey 


160 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





tissue takes on a definite arrangement, the vascular bundle serving as a 
center around which the tissue orients itself. Such a lobe is seen in 
Figure 140, Plate XVII Roughly analyzed the bundle is the center, 
then follows a ring of cells completely encircling the bundle. From 
this ring rows of cells like the spokes from a hub radiate. These rows may 
be one, two or three cells in length. Encircling these radiating cells like 
the rim of a wheel are additional cells. Then follow one or more layers 
of encircling cells or radiating cells in part and finally the epidermal layer. 
The innermost cells show the greatest degree of expansion, the outermost 
cells are still capable of expanding so that subsequent growth of the lobe 
mey be merely the result of increase in the size of the inter-cellular spaces. 
The fully grown haustorium is a very light object. Its spongey character 
can be readily seen with the unaided eye when it is cut through with a 
knife and the zones too are discernable. Figure 110, Plate XIJ, brings out 
the spongey zone represented by the dotted area and the outer zone cori- 
posed of the epidermis, the meristematic layers and vascular bundles. 


Ferment and meristem cells, 


These cells were clearly described by SACHS (!) and it is surprising 
how closely the cells of the haustorium of Ælaeis resemble those described 
by SACHS for Phoenix. In their arrangement the layers differentiate them- 
selves from each other. Thus the cells of the outermost layer show a 
distinctly epidermal character. In the resting embryo as we have already stated, 
no sharp line can be drawn between these cells of the haustorium and the 
cells of the cotyledonary sheath. The meristematic cells of the next layer 
are in the main cubical and those of the third layer run with their long 
axes parallel to the long axis of the haustorium. Figure 112, Plate XIII is 
from a section of a stage of the haustorium shown in Figure 128, Plate 
XVI. The row of cells to the right shows the columnar epidermal cells, the 
so-called ferment cells, whose function undoubtedly is associated with 
enzyme secretion. As can be seen from the plate their tendency is 
to be rectangular and it truly merits the name columnar epidermis or 
epithelium. The free ends of the cells of the epidermis are rounded 
whereas the other end may be angular when the cells come in contact 
with irregularities in the cells of the inner layer or they may also 
become wedge-shaped as the third cell from the bottom of the layer 
shows. The nucleus is always centrally located, agreeing with REED's (27) 
observations in Phoenix dactylifera. The cytoplasm is dense and very 
granular with many large and small vacuoles scattered within it. The 
vacuoles show no selective arrangement in the cell. In one cell the 
larger vacuoles appear at the distal end, in another cell at the proximal 
end, in still others at both ends and lastly they may cluster around the 
nucleus. 


VAMPOLSKY: Sfudy of Oil palm. 161 


The larger granules in the cytoplasm, a common phenomenon in the 
cells described above, can hardly have the significance ascribed to them 
by several investigators who claim for them zymogenic properties, since 
in later stages, although endosperm digestion is in full swing, these large 
granules have disappeared. 

There is no evidence of starch grains in these cells at this stage. 
Active nuclear and cell division go on and the plane of division of the 
cell is always in the long axis of the cell. Simultaneously with active 
secretion and absorbtion these cells multiply. Much has been ascribed to 
the nucleus as that part of the cell around which the activities center. 
We have evidence however, that the cells in diverse stages of karyokenesis 
still carry on all the functions of secretion, digestion and assimilation. In 
stages of preparation for nuclear division, for chromosomal separation 
and distribution, as one can see from Figure 112, there is apparently no 
diminution in the activitity of the cytoplasm. In the epidermal cells 
secretion undoubtedly goes on, and in the meristematic cells, even in the 
ones where the chromosomes are seen in polar view of the equatorial 
plate, and the equatorial plate, the cytoplasm and its starch grains do not 
differ from the cytoplasm in the resting condition. 

The cells of the next two layers, the meristematic cells in contrast 
with the outer layer of cells, show a much lighter staining cytoplasm. 
This is immediately apparent when one examines a preparation even with 
a low magnification. The inner cells differ form the outer cells also in 
size, in form, and in the presence of starch grains. It is interesting to : 
note in these three layers — the absence of starch grains in the outermost 
layer, the presence of many small starch grains in the second layer and 
the presence of many large starch grains in the third layer. 

As the haustorium continues to grow the cells of the epidermis become 
smaller, the cytoplasm less dense and the cells, beside carrying the function 
of secreting enzymes for endosperm digestion, begin also to store up 
countless numbers of minute starch grains. The dots within the cells of 
the outérmost layer shown in Figure 140, Plate XVII, show their relative 
distribution. In Figure 142, which shows-a row of those cells, they are 
seen as small circles and in Figure 143 they are seen in greater magnifi- 
cation. 

The presence of starch grains in the outer layer of the haustorium of 
 Elaeis is interesting in view of the absence of starch grains in this layer 
in Phoenix as described by SACHS and by REED. In contrasting the two 
cells, the one shown in Figure 112, Plate, XII, with that of Figure 143, 
Plate XVII the modifications that have taken place are most significant. 
The cell shown in Figure 143 was drawn from a stage where only half 
of the endosperm had been absorbed so that there could be no question 
of loss of function having taken place. Simultaneously with the secretion 
of enzymes these cells carry on the synthetic process of starch formation. 


162 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE I, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 








The cytology of digestion. 


In physiological processes in animals or plants, chemiéal and mechanical 
indicators are employed to help form a mental image of the process or 
the results of a process. Thus efforts have been made to perfect self 
recording devices for such purposes. The cytologist has tried to reconstruct 
from his fixed and stained material the steps in a process; he employs 
his so-called stages as indicators. The steps in nutrition because they are 
so difficult to record have left an open and rich field to the investigator. 
Unfortunately the work that has been done in that field is yet meagre. 
SACHS work on germination is illuminating not only because it has ex- 
plained the chemical processes involved, but also because he was able to 
show, through the medium of the cells of the haustorium or scutellum and 
the endosperm, the steps in the peculiar relationship between seedling and 
haustorium on the one hand, and the endosperm, the store-house of food, 
on the other. | 

The embryo' of Elaeis in the resting condition contains neither sugar 
nor starch. If the embryo is examined directly aîfter the fruit is ripe traces 
of sugar and starch can be found. These however disappear soon aîter. 
The activities of the embryo before it is allowed to germinate are reduced 
to the minimum. | have been able to prove to myself however that in the 
so-called resting state of the embryo some of the cell contents of the 
endosperm tissue in the immediate vicinity of the haustorium have been 
used up. 

When germination sets in the embryo begins to expand so that it fits 
snugly in its cavity. The haustorium becomes active and attacks the sur- 
rounding tissue. The cavity in such a stage, when the embryo has been 
removed, shows the negative counterpart of the outlines of the haüstorium. 
On the other hand the haustorium and the embryo proper show the presence 
of starch grains scattered throughout the tissue, however as we shall see, 
with a definite kind of regularity. 

Before considering the further steps in the process, attention should 
be called to the structure .of the starch grains found in the cells of the 
haustorium and embryo. The grains vary in size as we have seen in Figure 
112, Plate XIII. In their general structure they are oval or round. The hilum 
is centrally located, usually it is tri-radiate — occasionally it is four radiate. 
Surrounding the hilum is a halo whose radius does not exceed the radius 
of the limbs of the hilum. The starch grains may or may not show con- 
centric zones. The starch grains may appear singly or in units of two and 
three. In such cases they become polygonal. When the,starch grains are 
closely packed in a cell they become polyhedral (Figure 141, Plate XVII.) 

The structure of the cell walls of the endosperm tissue must be briefly 
mentioned. The presence of primary membranes, used in the sense that 
SACHS has used the term, can readily be seen and also the thickenings 


iii cite 


VAMPOLSKY : Séudy of Oil palm. 163 


which contain the so-called reserve cellulose are evident. Figure 145, Plate 
XVII shows several of these cells in longitudinal section. The intercommuni- 
cating pits are also shown. In cross section these cells show ‘a polygonal 
outline with strongly thickened walls and pits. These cells are filled with 
fats, oils, aleuron grains and the proteins from the cytoplasm and nucleus. 
The endosperm cells to-gether with their contents supply the embryo with 
hydrocarbons, carbohydrates and proteins. 

In the process of germination we have two contrasting phenomena — 
an endosperm which is gradually diminishing and an haustorium that is 
increasing in size. These, as we know, are correlated phenomena. 

The endosperm through its zones, through the state of the cell walls 
and through its oil or fat drops and aleuron grains registers the processes 
of dissolution of the tissue. 

If a seed is cut through in a stage of germination two distinct zones 
can be made out with the naked eye. Such zones can be seen in Figures 
102 to 105 Plate XI and Figures 127 and 130, Plate XVI. The sharp line 
of demarcation between the two is striking. The inner zone — the one near 
the haustorium, is of a soft cheesey consistency, the outer zone is quite 
solid and resistant. 

If we now examine the cells of the endosperm in such a condition 
we find a corresponding difference in the cells too. Figure 144, Plate XVII 
is a section of the endosperm in a stage shown in Figure-130, Plate XVI. 
The lower dotted zone is the cork layer, the next zone is that of the 
intact cells, the third zone with the large fat or oil globules and the 
empty cells is the soft zone that we have mentioned above. The difference 
in the two zones lies primarily in a difference in the amount of cellulose. 
An the soft zone much of the so-called reserve cellulose has been removed 
from the walls, the middle lamellae too have disappeared so that the cells 
are no longer rigid and thus they form a soft tissue. 

There can be no doubt that the protoplasmic communication between 
the cells which KOHL (7) has described in the endosperm cells of 
Phyteleyhas macrocarpa and Coleococcus carolinensis are also to be 
found in the cells of Elaeis. These protoplasmic bridges are digested 
so that passage of drops of oil or fat is facilitated through the pits, 
accounting for so large an-accumulation of drops in that region. A free 
hand section of the endosperm stained with Sudan:Ill, brings out in 
a most striking fashion these zones. This can be made out with the 
naked eye. 

If we examine the cells more critically we find that the aleuron grains 
also act as indicators. In the zone \where active digestion is going on 
there are fewer grains. In sections from material which has been imbedded 
in paraffin and has been run up through the various percents of alcohol! 
and then into xylol, the fats and oils are naturally absent. The aleuron 
grains apparently remain unaltered, at least their distribution corresponds 


164 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





to the zones. In the emptied and crushed cells isolated grains may 
occasionally be found. 

The cell walls show characteristic changes. In direct contact with 
the haustorium is a mantle or zone of crushed cells which can hardly be 
recognized as cells. These cells have all lost their wall thickenings and 
what remains are the shrunken primary walls. 

The cells pass gradually into cells that show various stages of cell 
wall dissolution. The cells are just beginning to be crushed due to the 
pressure exerted by the expanding haustorium and because of their loss 
of wall reinforcement, In cross section in this stage, these cells form a 
net like structure — the cells are diamond shaped. 

The cell walls of the unsoftened tissue show no changes but with 
the gradual encroachment of the haustorium they will pass through the 
same changes described above. 

From an examination of the zones of the endosperm one can readily 
visualize the process of dissolution, It is decidedly obvious that the 
enzymes secreted by the haustorium act opun a zone for some distance 
beyond the region of their origin as we can seen from the zones. The 
pectinase and cytase, if these be the enzymes that are responsible for the 
dissolution of the middle lamellae and reserve cellulose respectively, have 
begun to act before the cell contents have been absorbed by the haustorium. 
Proteolytic and lipalytic enzymes pass beyond the active zone of absorption, 
preparing in advance the food for the haustorium. 

The endosperm through its cell walls, through its aleuron grains and 
oil drops indicates the processes of digestion going on. 

The crushed primary cell walls are absorbed and they are not pushed 
ahead of the haustorium to remain undigested as described for grasses 
and Phoenix. This agrees with GREEN'Ss (!°) observations in Livistonia. 
Moreover the region of cell walls directly in contact with the haustorium 
gives distinctly the sugar reaction with Fehlings solution. 

The crushed cells are in direct contact with the haustorium and they 
are found closely pressed against the lobes and in the spaces between 
the lobes (Figures 130 and 131, Plate XVI). In Figure 142 intimate relation- 
ship is shown between these crushed cells and the haustorium. The 
cells of the outer layer can be seen in the rôle of digesting the cell walls 
and storing up starch grains. 

After the endosperm is absorbed the space is occupied by the haustorium. 
Nothing remains but the cork zone with the irregular ends of a few cells. 

The starch grain serves as an indicator of the processes going on 
within the haustorium and the embryo proper. The size, the form and 
the condition of the starch grains is employed for that purpose. Attention 
must be called here to the starch grains that are being inverted into sugar. 
The action apparently begins from the hilum and radiates outward (Figures 
137 and 138, Plate XVI). 


VAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oil palm. 105 


We have seen from Figure 112, Plate XIII that in an early stage of 
germination the substances that are to be secreted as starch pass through 
the epidermal layer and these are laid down as starch grains in the inner 
layers. The second layer contains smaller starch grains than the third 
layer in which the starch grains are strikingly large. In such a stage the 
presence or absence of starch grains indicates the activities of the cells. 
The starch grains in that region show no corrosions. The starch at this 
stage is stored in the cells. 

If we examine the distribution of the starch grains in the whole embryo 
at this stage (Figure 128, Plate XVI), we find that although starch is found 
everywhere in the haustorium and in the embryo proper (not shown in 
this figure) the densest zone is roughly between the outer layer and the 
vascular bundles. This zone also coincides with the zone of active cell 
division. In the other regions the starch grains are fewer. As one 
approaches the embryo proper the starch grains show corroded areas. It 
is to be remembered that in this stage most of the activities of the embryo 
are in the region of the haustorium. In the other regions the activities are 
very slight. More starch is being stored up than is being used. The condition 
of the starch grain gives an index of the regional activity of the embryo. 

When the cotyledon has passed through the germ pore and the radicle 
has burst through the sheath, digestion of the starch grains becomes more 
pronounced judged from the condition of the starch grains. In later stages 
when the meristem, under the epidermis has ceased to divide, storage and 
translocation of starch are still active (Figure 141, Plate XVII). The presence 
of starch grains in the epidermis of the haustorium where before no starch 
grains appeared indicates a profound change in the physiological properties 
of the cells. 

The micro-chemical tests employed for the determination of the changes 
of the oil, fats, and proteins have not been recorded in these observations. 

We have cited only a few of the physiological processes which the 
endosperm and the haustorium register. Micro-chemical tests coupled with 
these obvious microscopical and macrocopical indicators will present an 
even clearer picture of the physiology of the process. 

The haustorium in its structure, its bundles arranged in a ring the 
character of its epidermis and its absorptive function, corresponds more closely 
to the root than to any other organ of the plant. This.is not said however 
with the idea of defending the view that it is a modified root. 


Summary. 


1}. The form of the haustorium depends upon its position with reference 
to the endosperm and also upon the form of the endosperm. 

2). The ultimate size of the haustorium depends upom the size of the 
endosperm. 


166 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE IH, VOL VW. LIvR. 2: 





3). Growth of the haustorium is due to the outer three or four layers. 
The outermost layer gives rise to epidermal cells, the other layers give 
rise to more meristem, vascular bundle cells and spongey paren- 
chyma cells. 

4). Ferment or epidermal cells in the beginning stages contain no starch 
grains. 

5). Cells of the meristem store up starch. 

6). Later stages of epidermal cells of haustorium contain many starch 
grains. 

7). The physiological processes involved in germination can be followed 
by means of such indicators as the zones of the endosperm, the 
cell walls, aleuron grains, oil or fat drops, starch grains and cytoplasm. 


Bibliography. 


1). ANNET, E. Le Palmier à huile au Cameroun et en Afrique Tropicale, 
Paris 1921. 

2). BECCARI, O. Contributo alla Conoszenza della Palma a Olio-L’Agri- 
cultura Colon. (Firenze). Vol: VIT -p.:5—37; 108—118%201=21% 
255—270. 1914. 

SMBUCHER HI MUNAEFICKENDE CH ADie Olpalme, Berlin 1919. 

3a). BüSGEN, M. Studien über die Wurzelsysteme einiger dicotyler 

Holzpflanzen Flora Bd 95 p. 58 —04, 1005. 

). CANDOLLE DE, A. P. Organographie Végétale 1 p. 304. 1827. 

5). COPELAND, E. B. The Coco-nut Macmillan & Co. London 1921 
2nd. Edition. 

6). DEINEGA, V. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Entwickelungsgeschichte 
des Blattes und der Anlage der Gefässbündel. Flora 85 p. 439-498 
1898. 

7). EBELING, MAX. Die Saugorgane bei Keimung endospermhaltiger 
Samen. Inaugural. Dissertation. Berlin 1884. 

8). EICHLER, A. W. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmenblätter. 
Phys. Abhand. d. k. Akad. der Wiss. Berlin (pl. 5) p. 1—24 1885. 

8a). GAUDICHAUD, C. Voyage autour du monde 1836—1837. Explanation 
of plates ly C. D'alleizette, Paris 1866. 

0). GOFBEL, K. Vergleichende Entwickelungsgeschichte der Pflanzorgane. 
Schenck Handbuch der Botanik II, 1 p: 221—223 Breslau 1884. 

10). GREEN, J.R. The soluble ferments and fermentation. Cambridge 1890, 

11). GRIFFITH, W. Palms of British East India (Posthumous Work) 1850. 

12). GRUNER Dr. Die Olpalme im Bezirk Misahôhe, Togo. Tropenpflanzer 
8 p. 277—2901. 1904. 

13) HAAN DE, VAN BREDA, J. Die Rijstplant I. Eene anatomische 
beschrijving der rijstplant. Med. Dept. van Landbouw. No. 15, Buitenzorg 

1911. 


M): 


VAMPOLSKY : Study of Oil palm. 107 


HOFMEISTER, W. Allgemeine Morphologie der Gewächse. Handbuch 
der Physiol. Bot. p. 532—533, 1868. 


. JOST, L. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Athmungsorgane der 


Pflanzen. Inaugural Dissertation-Universität Strassburg 1887. 

KLEBS, G. Beiträge zur Morphologie und Biologie der Keimung. 
Arbeiten d. botan. Institutes in Tübingen. I. p. 536—635. 1884. 
KOHL, F. G. Dimorphismus der Plasmaverbindungen. Ber. d. d. Bot. 
Gesell. Bd. 18. p. 364—372, 1900. 

KRUVYFF DE, E. Quelques recherches sur la composition de l’eau et 
sur les diastases du fruit de Cocos nucifera. Bull. Dept. de l’ Agric. 
Ind. Ned. No. IV. 1006. 

LLOYD, F. E. Development and nutrition of the embryo, seed and 
carpel in the date, Phoenix dactylifera L. 21st Report Missouri Bot. 
Gard. p. 103—164, 1910. 


. MAAS, J. G. J. À. Investigations on the oil palm in Sumatra. Kolff 


and Co. Batavia 1922. Edited by Dr. A. A. L. Rutgers. 

MARTIUS, C. F. P.,, UNGER, F. VON MOHL, H. Historia Naturalis 
Palmarum, Monachii 1823— 1850. 

VON MOHL, HUGO Vermischte Schriften. Tübingen. p. 176 — 178. 
1845. 


. NAUMANN, À. Beiträge zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmblätter. 


Flora 70. p. 193—202, 209-—218, 227—242, 250—257. 1887. 
NEWCOMBE, F. C. Cellulose Enzymes. Ann. Bot. 13 p. 49—81, 1890. 
PFITZER, E. Über Früchte und Keimung einiger Palmen. Ber. d. d. Bot. 
Gesell. Bd. 3, p. 32—52, 1885. 

POND R. H. The incapacity of the date endosperm for self-digestion. 
Ann. Bot, 20, p. 61—78, 1906. 

REED, H. S. A study of the enzyme secreting cells in the, seedlings of 
Zea mais and Phoenix dactylifera. Ann. Bot. 13 p. 267—287, 1904. 
REISS, R. Ueber die Natur der Reservecellulose und über ihre Auflüsungs- 
weise bei der Keimung der Samen. Land. Jahrbücher Bd. 18 
BA TIl=2765.:/ 1880; 

RUDOLPH, K. Zur Kenntnis der Entfaltungseinrichtungen an Palmen- 
blättern. Ber. d. d. Bot. Gesell. Bd. XXIX, p. 39—47. 1911. 


. SACHS, J. Zur Keimungsgeschichte der Gräser. Bot. Zeit. Bd. XX. 


p. 145-151. 1862. 


. SACHS, J. Zur Keimungsgeschichte der Dattel. Bot. Zeit. Bd. XX. 


p. 241—246; 249—252. 18062. 


. SACHS, J. Ueber die Keimung des Samen von AZlium Cepa. Bot. 


Zeit. XXI. p. 57—62; 65—70. 1863. 


. SCHENK, H. Ueber die Luftwurzeln von Avecinnia tomentosa und 


Laguncularia racemosa. Flora Bd. XLVII p. 83—88. 1889. 


. SCHENK, H. Ueber das Aërenchym, ein dem Kork homologes Geweb 


bei Sumpipflanzen. Pring. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. Bd. XX p.526—574. 1880, 


39). 
40). 
41). 
42). 


43). 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 








TOBLER, F. und G. Farb- und Speicherstoffe in reiffenden Olpalmen 
früchten. Ber. d.d. Bot. Gesell. Bd. XXXIX p. 213—218. 1921. 
TRÉCUL, M. A. Memoire sur la Formation des Feuilles. Ann. Sc. Nat. Il 
Botanique XX. p. 235—314; pl. 20—25 1853. 

TSCHIRCH, A. Physiologisch Studien über die Samen, insbesondere 
die Saugorgane derselben. Ann. d. Jard. Botan. Buitenzorg Tome IX, 
p. 143—180. | 

TSCHIRCH, H. Handbuch der Pharmakognosie Ed. 2 p. 720. Leip- 
zig. 1910. 

VoIGT, F. S. Analyse der Frucht und des Samenkorns von Eouis 
Claude Richard. Leipzig. 1811. 

WIESNER VON, J. Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreiches Bd. IE Engelmann, 
Leipzig, 1921, Dritte Aufl. 

WILDEMAN DE, E. Mission Forestiere et Agricole du Comte J. de 
Brey au Mayumbe. Bruxelles, 1920. 

WITTMACK, L. Die Keimung der Cocosnuss. Ber. d. d. Bot. Gesell. 
Bd. 14, p. 145 —150, 1806. | 

YAMPOLSKY, C. Investigations on the oil palm in Sumatra. Kolff & Co. 
Batavia 1922; Edited by Dr. À A. L. Rutgers. 


Explanations of Plates. 


PLATFEN 

L Developing leaf showing horizontal plane from which the segments running 
vertically arise. Segments do not run through to the periphery of 
blade. X 80: 

72, Stage like above showing the tip ending in a number of branched hairs, X 80. 

3. Later stage, segments have become triangular in form —only 6 segments 
on one side of the leaf. X &0. 

4. Plane of origin of the leaflets shifting to the vertical — these leaves will 


develop into pinnate leaves with the indicated number of pinnae, X 80. 
D Ditto. X 75. 


6. Young leaf with increasing number of leaflets. The tip is still strongly 
developed. In the unfolded state the tip will be characteristically dichoto- 
mous. X 75. 
de Lanceolate leaf of the young seedling showing no outward segmen- 
tation 17 le 
PLATE Il. 
8. Young developing leaf with part of sheath cut away to show the cone shaped 


character of the leaf. The two halves of the blade showing the slits are 
seen, also the bonnet like appearance of the part of the leaf bearing the 
leaf biade. From a plant 1!/, years old. X* 60. 

9. The same leaf in front view. X 60. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig, 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


10. 


14. 
Ko: 


YAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oil palm. 169 


A somewhat older leaf seen from the front. The leaflets are definitely 
deliminated. The inverted Y is thé strip which hoïlds the leaflets together 
by their apices. The two arms ofthe V are attached to several of the 
lower leaflets in the respective halves of the leaves. The leg of the Y 
marks the boundary line between the upper leaflets of the respective 
halves. X 60. 

Like Figure 10 but seen from the side, Nofe parallel arrangement of 
leaflets. X 60. 

A still later stage. Leaflets have begun to shift upwards. Note the criss- 
cross arrangement of the fibres in the sheath and the parallel arrangement 
of the fibres in the petiole. X 25. 

Later stage showing the leaflets obliquely arranged. Near the base of the 
leaf blade more leaflets are being added. Strip holding leaflets seen to 
the right., X 25. 

A still later stage with leaflets showing various stages ofelongation. X 1. 
Portion of leaf from two vear old plant in same stage of development as 
Figure 14, showing the prolongations from the leaflets atS. These prolong- 
ations are made up of the tissue of the leaflet proper and the remains of 
the strip. X, 30. 

Haïf of a leaf blade showing the “Wülste” of NAUMANN and the slits of 
VON MOHL. The parallel arrangement of the leaflets and the strip holding 
them to-gether is seen. x 90. | 
Several leaflets from stage in Figure 16. X 100, 

Longitudinal cut through leaf from 5 year old plant showing the large 
number of leaflets in one half of a leaf, Strip is prominent. Note the 
shifting of the plane of position of the upper leallets in contrast to the 
youngest and'smallest one. X 25. 


Figures 19, 20, 21, Leaflets showing triangular form. X 30. 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


30. 


PÉATE: IT: 


Longitudinal section through growing point and leaves in various stages 
of development. The %/, arrangement accounts for the various appearances 
of the leaves AA, BB, CC, DD, etc., parts of individual leaves, X 60. 
Longitudinal section through growing point showing origin of leaf"Anlagen’ 
meristematic regions designated by the denser areas. X 90, 

Leaflets in various stages of progressive splitting. It also shows the older 
leaflets shifting from the horizontal to the vertical. Lower and younger 
leaflets still horizontal. X 120. 

Section of a lower portion of a leaf blade showing splitting of leaflets. XC 120. 
Leaflets splitting. X 120. 

Leaflets developing within tissue of mother leaf. 

Taken from a stage like GG in Figure 22. X 160. 

The next older leaf after the one in Figure 27, represented by HH in 
Figure 22. The leaflets are seen within the tissue of the leaf blade. The 
bounding area of the leaflets is the epidermis. Bundles connect with the 
leaflets. X 160. 


PLATE IV 


Growing region with youngest leaf ‘Anlage’. The more strongly dotted 
area shows the region from which the next leaf is to be cut of: X 60. 

Young leaf ‘Anlagen’ seen from above showing beginning of growth of 
the ends until they ultimately meet. X 60. 


170 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





Figs. 31 and 32. Sections showing crescent-shape of the voung leaves. X 30. 


Cross section through a voung leaf showing three pairs of leaflets. 
This due to the fact that leaflets are already pointing obliquely upwards 
closely pressed to-gether arranged upon the rachis in a shingle like fashion 
so that they overlap. À section through such an arrangement cuts through 
several pairs of icaflets. The leaflets are still angular. X 30. 

Cross section through somewhat older leaf. X 30. 

Cross section in same stage as above but more highly magnified. Leaflets 
although undifferentiated are split, These are held to-gether in part bythe 
original enveloping tissue, the cells of which are seen here running in a 
vertical direction. This tissue is seen in upper left hand side of the 
figure. X 80. 

A later stage in cross section where the leaflets have elongated and lost 
their angular character. These leaflets are still held to-gether. X 30. 


PLATE V. 


Longitudinal section of growing point and young leaflets. In the outer- 
most leaf the leaflet ‘Anlagen’ are seen as aggregates or cushions of 
cells. X 80. - 

À cushion or cell aggregate more highly magnified. X 250, 

Section showing the ‘Anlagen’ in a more advanced stage, seen here 
as a wavey line. The cells of surrounding tissue above distinct. X 80. 
Another section of the same leaf showing the cells surrounding the 
leaflets much larger. %X 80. 

A tangential section through an older leaf, the ends of the leaflets 
seen. X 80. 

Section through leaflet showing sac-like character. X 60, 


RLÉASFE eVIL 


Two year old plant with several leaves removed to show distribution of 
the fibres and also the sheath with its criss cross fibres going over into a 
dry leathery condition. X 1. 

Sheath in young stage of development. X 20. 

From above sheath at YY showing parallel arrangent of cell rows. X 120. 


Figures 46 to 50. Stages of development of hairs of the sheath. X 450, 


Fig. 33. 
Fig. 34. 
Fig. 25; 
Fig22°30: 
ÉD ST. 
Fig 058; 
Fig: 199: 
Fig. 40. 
Fig. 41. 
Fig. 42, 
Fig. 43. 
Fig. 44. 
Fig, 45. 
Fige 51: 
F12:702; 
Éis:7'53. 
Fig, 54.. 


Full grown hair. X 450. 
Minute stomata on inner surface of sheath. x 450. 


PLATE VII. 


Longitudinal section through secondary root and cross section through 
the mother root. Secondary roots and pneumathodes originate endogenously 
in exactly the same way. The large air chambers arise long before the 
secondary root structures. X 100. 

Section a little beyond the growing point of the root showing the radial 
arrangement of the parenchyma just prior to the formation of air 
chambers. XX 100. 


YAMPOLSKY : Sfudy of Oil palm. ZE 171 


PLATE VII. 


Figures 58 and 59. Cross and longitudinal sections of thick shelled fruit, X 4. 
Figures 60 and 61. Cross and longitudinal sections of medium thick shelled fruit, X 1, 
Figures 62 and 63. Cross and longitudinal sections of thin shelled fruit. X 1, 
Figures 64 to 67. Cross sections of thin shelled forms showing distribution of the 


fibres outside the shell X 1. 


Figures 68 and 69. Cross and longitudinal sections of pisifera fruit. X 1. 
Figures 70 to 75, Cross sections through various levels of the pisifera fruit, X 6. 


Portions of a thin shell, X.6. 

® » à medium shell. X 4, 

s » à thick ; X 4, 
Bundle from shell. Outer zone of thickened cells — inner zone of 
bast and central zone of conducting tissue. Some stone cells are 
seen surrounding the bundile. X 120, 


PLATE IX. 


Section through endosperm and surrounding structures of a pisifera fruit. 
Description in text, x 120. 


PÉAFESE: 


Longitudinal section of mature seed showing the position of the embryo 
near the germ pore. X 1!/, 

Embryo in resting condition. x 40. 

Embryo showing haustorium enlarging. X 1!/,. 

Embryo of the above magnified. Constriction in the middle more pro- 
nounced. X 40, 


. 85 to 94. Various stages in germination. Shell removed to show the growth of 


the haustorium. XX 1. 
Radicle bursting through sheath tearing it in a regular fashion. X 25. 


. 96 and 97. Side and under view of the operculum. X 25. 


1PÉATENAXI 


to 101. Seeds with 1, 2, 3 and 4 seedlings respectively. X 1. 


Figure 76, 
HA TT. 
6 18 
ip u70. 
Fig, 80. 
Fig. 81. 
Fig. "82. 
Fig. 83. 
Fig. 84. 
Figs 
Big....95, 
Figs 
Figs. 98 
Figs. 
Pie 105. 
Fig. 106. 
Fig. 107. 
| Fig. 108. 


102 to 104, Seedlings with haustoria; 1, 2 and 3 haustoria in the seed respect- 


ivelyi X<E 


Part of the shell and endosperm removed to show the end of an 
haustorium and its zone of activity. K 21/.. 


ELATESXIL 


Seedling with two functioning leaves, still attached to the seed. X 1. 
Half of shell removed to show complete absorbtion of endosperm. The 
haustorium shows no sign of degeneration. X 1, 

Seedling with unfolding leaf and still attached to haustorium. The shell 
has been removed to show the form of the haustorium. X 21. 


172 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR, 2. | 





Fig. 109. 
Fig. 110. 
Fig. 111. 
Fig 112; 
Fe Al3; 
Fig. 114. 
Fig119: 
Pie ii G: 
Fig Tui7. 
His OS. 
Fig. 119. 
Fig4120. 


Another view of the above haustorium with the constriction showing. 
The parallel ridges of the haustorium are also seen, x 2!/. 

Cross section of the haustorium. Dotted area is the spongey tissue, the 
peripheral zone of several cells in thickness, the active digestive and 
absorptive zone. X 21/.. 

Haustorium with the neck-piece showing the flattened upper por- 


Home cz: 


PLATE XII. 


Section of growing haustorium taken from a stage shown in (Fig. 128 
Plate XVI) shows the three outermost layers in an active state of division. 
The outermost cells are devoid of starch grains; the cytoplasm is denser 
with manv large and small vacuoles. The middle layer with many small 
starch grains has a decidedly lighter staining cytoplasm. In the third laver 
the long axis of the cells is in a vertical plane. The starch grains are 
Strikingly larger. Fixed in Juel’s Solution and stained with Heidenheins 
haematoxylen. Zeiss Oc, no. 4 X Obj. N. A. 1.3, Abbe Camera lucida. 


PLATE XIV. 


Sector of a cross section of a root the next stage in the formation of the 
air chambers shown in Figure 54, Plate VIT They originate always radially 
but apparentiy with no definite regularity. XX 160. 

Sector of a cross section of a root showing fully formed air chambers 
with lamellae ranging from 1 to 6 cells in thickness. Torn cells line the . 
air chambers. X 160, 

Sector of a cross section of an adventitious root. The air chambers are 
smaller, more compressed, Hypodermis is strongly developed and the bast 
cells occupy most of the region previousiy composed of thin celled 
parenchyma. The cells of the endodermis are greatly thickened however 
the circle of endoderm is not continuous, the breaks made up ofthin walled 
cells allow for ready communication between the central cylinder and cortex, 
Stone cells are strongly developed in a zone outside of the endodermis. 
The large oval cells in the cortex near the hypodermis are the raphide 
cells. x 160. 


PLATE XV: 


Part of cross section of a root showing large epidermal cells, beginning 
of hypodermis, parenchyma, a single raphide cell in the center of the section 
and bast cells. XX 600, 

Epidermal cells in longitudinal section, X 600. 

Group of bast cells. XX 600. 

Longitudinal cut through a young plant cutting through several roots 
showing the presence of lacunae. X 2. 

Longitudinal cut through somewhat older plant showing the relation ofthe 
vascular System to the roots (the bundies run to fhe base where the roots 


emerge). X 2. 


Figure 121 to 126. Showing adventitious roots in various espects. In Figure 124 the 


emergence from the branch to the right is a pneumathode. X I. 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig, 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


Figs. 


Figs. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


VAMPOLSKY: S{udy of Où palm. 173 





PLATE XVI. 


Longitudinal cut through seed and seedling showing the connection between 
the vascular system of the plant and the haustorium. The bundiles passing 
from the neck-piece into the haustorium are peripherally arranged in the 
haustorium. X 11/2. J 

Longitudinal section through an haustorium showing the various zones. 
Explanation in text. X 120. 

Longitudinal section of haustorium and seedling. Lobed character of haus- 
torium more pronounced. Explanation in text. X 60. 

Cross section through endosperm and haustorium. Explanation in text. 
Note the zones in endosperm. X 60. 

Like above, but later stage, X 60. 

Cross section through neck-piece of haustorium showing the bundles in 
a ring. x 80. 

Vascular bundle magnified agreeing in the main with the bundle in the 
shell (Figure 79, Plate VIII). >< 120. 


PEATE XVI. 


134 to 136. Starch grains stored in the haustorium. They do not show cor- 


rosion. XX 800. 


137 and i38. Starch grains stored in haustorium beginning to be corroded. X 800. 


139. 


140. 


141. 


145. 
146. 


Celis of the interior of the haustorium showing the nature of the inter- 
cellular spaces. Explanation in text. >< 600. 

Lobe of an haustorium in an advanced stage of growth showing the 
cells of the interior radiating from the bundlie. The cells are gorged 
with starch grains. The outermost layer —the fermentation layer shows 
the presence of very many tiny starch grains represented here by dots 
in the cells. x 80. 

Single cell directly behind the fermentation cells gorged with starch 
grains. Manv of these are polygonal due to mutual pressure, The starch 
grains show evidence of corrosion. %*X 600, 

Cells of the fermentation layer with the remains of the cell walls of 
the haustorium closely pressed against them, Explanation in text. X 250. 
Cell from fermentation layer taken from a stage shown in Figure 142. 
Explanation in text, X 800. 

Part of endosperm in stage of being digested. Taken from stage seen 
in Figure 130, Plate XVI. Explanation in text. X 60. 

Cell walls of cells of endosperm. X 450. 

Cells ot cork layer around endosperm, X 250. 


174 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 





Tablé of Contents. 


oops 

Development’ofathe rs 
Historical J 
Material and cinoue 3 
General discussion of leaf 
Investigations . 
Form of the one leaflet 
- Juvenile leaves 
Sheath 
Maturation of leaf 
Discussion . 
Summary 

The rootx: 
General . ; 
Air chambers-origin 
Secondary roots . 
Adventitious roots . 
Pneumathodes. 
Summary 

The Aruit - 
Varieties of fruits 
Differences in fruits. 
Variations within a form. 
Pisifera or shell-less form 
Fruit with accessory floral Se 
Distribution of the fibres. 
Seedless fruits 
Shell structure ! 
Details of the pisifera Îr “à 
Summary 

The endosperm 
Contents of endosperm 

Germination. 

The haustorium'. : 
The form of the a 
Size of the haustorium 
Structure of the haustorium 
Ferment and meristem cells. 
Cytology of digestion . 
Summary 

Bibliography 

Explanation Ofuplates . 


Page 
107 
108 
108 
112 
112 
114 
119 
122 
124 
126 
121 
130 
131 
131 
138€ 
153 
135 
136 
138 
138 
138 
139 
140 
141 
141 
142 
143 
143 
143 
145 
146. 
148 
148 
152 
153 
155 
158 
160 
162 
165 
106 
168 


TAB. 


BULL, JARD, BOTAN. BUITENZORG, Série II, Vol. V, 


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YAMPOLSKY : Study of Oil palm 





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NOTIZ UEBER VITEX 


Im Anschluss an die neuerdings von mir in dieser Zeitschrift verôffent- 
lichte Revision von Vifex !) geben mir einige neue Funde und Bemerkungen 
Veranlassung zu nachstehenden Verbesserungen und Érläuterungen : In einer 
brieflichen Mitteilung lenkte Herr Prof. E. D. MERRILL, Mañila, meine 
Aufmerksamkeit auf folgende Tatsachen: 


1. Vitex luzonica H.J.L. Le. p. 62. Dem in unserer Mitteilung zu 
dieser Art gezählten Specimen ist irrtümlicherweise eine fehlerhaîfte Nummer 
beigegeben: Statt 760 soll es 706 heissen. 


2. Vitex Merrilli H.J.L., I.c. p. 64. — Diese Art, die ich zu den 
ungenügend bekannten Arten stellte und deren Namen ich änderte, weil 
sich nur: ein MS-Name (V. euphlebia MERR.) auf der Etikette vorfand, 
ist, nach der Meinung von Prof. MERRILL, identisch mit V. /orgifolia MERR. 
Er fügt noch hinzu, dass die Pflanze wahrscheinlich selbst gar keine 
Vitex ist, sondern ein Teysmanniodendron und zwar vielleicht 7. bogortense 
KDSs. Dies soll noch näher untersucht werden. 


3. Vitex hawaiiensis H.]J.L., 1.c. p. 59. — Diese Vifex, die auf den 
Sandwich-Inseln eingeführt zu sein scheint, ist môglicherweise identisch 
mit einer amerikanischen Art. Unter meinen Notizen fand ich eine, in der 
vermutet worden ist, dass sie vielleicht zu der mexicanischen Vifex mollis 
KUNTH gehôürt. Diese Frage konnte aber nicht entschieden werden, weil 
ich hier kein Material dieser Art zur Verfügung habe. 

Weiter meint Prof. MERRILL, dass folgende Synonyma zu beachten sind: 


4, Vitex Curranii H.1.L. I.c. p. 61 sollidentisch sein mit V. ahkerniana 
MERR.. 


5. Vitex glanduiosa H.J. L., I1.c. p. 58 mit V. Zifforalis DECKNE. 
(V. parviflora JUSS.) und 


6. Vitex nitida MERR,, L.c. p. 56 mit V. glabrafa R. BR. Leider aber 
konnten auch diese Fragen von mir nicht entschieden werden. Ich teile 
sie nur mit, um die Aufmerksamkeit der Forscher darauf zu lenken. 


1) Bull. Jard. Botan. Btz. III (1921) p.1. 


176 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 2. 


Dies die Bemerkungen, zu denen Prof. MERRILL’s Mitteilungen Veran- 
lassung gaben. Weiter kann ich auf Grund von neuen Untersuchungen im 
Buitenzorger Herbar Folgendes bemerken : 


7. Vitex vestita WALL. ex SCHAU. in DC. Prodr. XI (1847) 692: 
LAM, I.c. p. 60. und Synon. ebendort. | 

Var. a genuina H.]J.L., nov. var. — Calyx subregularis, minute 5-denti- 
culatus, labio inferiore bidentato, superiore integro vel minutissime 3-dentato. 
Ausser den an der angegebenen Stelle (p. 60) genannten Exemplaren, gibt 
es im Buitenzorger Herbar noch folgende: 

Brit. Nord-Borneo: Berg Kalawat (M. S. CLEMENS 11172!); Kota 
balut nach Kibajo (id. 9813!). 

Java: (HORSFIELD !). 

Sumatra: Labu alang, S. W.K. (TEYSMANN 1165!); Labu sikaping 
(id. 1158!); Muara Enim (id. 3671 !). 

Malaiïische Halbinsel: Johor, Sungai Pulai dua (Md. Mutkiah 7742!) 

Var. 5 neglecta H.].L., nov. var. — Vifex neglecta H.].L. Il.c. p. 63.— 
Calyx distincte bilabiatus, labio inferiore bidentato, superiore plus minus 
elongato, 0.1—0.2 cM. longo. 

Forma puberula — V. reglecta H.].L., var. a puberula H.J.L., Le. 

Sumatra: [AJOEB (Exp. JACOBSON) 182! (.c.)]. | 

Sumatra: Palembang, bei Lematang ilir, ungefähr 50 M. ü. d. M. auf 
trockenem Land sehr allgemein (ENDERT n. E. 813 !; blühend am 24. Januar 1920. 
Baumstrauch, 8 M. hoch, Stamm 10 cM. Durchmesser; Blütenknospe 
gelblich grün; Blütenkrone geib, Blütenkelch gelblich grün; Antheren und 
Griffel weisslich; Thecae hell braun, Narbe hell grün; Fruchtknoten gelb, 
das untere Ende orange; Blüte schwach duftend; einh. Namen: kaju 
berebah). 

Forma glabrior — V. neglecta H.].L., var. B glabrior H.]J.L., I.c. 

Sumatra: [JACOBSON 2675! (1.c.)]; nôrdlich von Talu, 900 M. ü. d. M. 
(BüNNEMEIJER 103!; Blüten gelb). | 


8. Vitex Sebesiae H.J.L., nov. spec. — Arbor, circiter 10 M. alta; 
ramuli crassi, quadrangulares, costis obtusiusculis, minute longitudinaliterque 
striati, epilosi sed dense minute flavo-glandulosi, praesertim in nodis; folia 
opposita petiolata, 5-(interdum 6-) foliolata; foliola petiolulata, chartacea, obovata 
vel oblongo-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata, acumine obtuso, basi saepissime 
inaequalia breviter decurrentia; supra nitida, in sicco griseo-fulva, plurimis 
areolis minutis (glandulis, secreto amisso); subtus in sicco fusca, ut supra 
plurimis glandulis minutis (nonnulli secreto flavo suffultis, nonnulli secreto 
amisso), tota minute sparseque pilosa; costa media supra vix prominens, 
ut nervi laterales pilis brevibus crispis suffulta; nervi laterales 9—11, sub 
angulo circiter 45° de costa adscendentes, marginem versus pauce arcuati, 
multis nervulis tertiariis (inter sese parallelibus, regularibus rectiusculis) 
inter sese conjuncti, prope marginem in nervaturam reticuliformem defluentes ; 








LAM: Notiz ueber Vitex. ILEENTE 


subtus costa, nervi laterales, nervuli tertiarii sparsiuscule pilosa; foliola 
terminalia 18 cM. longa, 8.9—10.2 cM. lata, petiolulo 3.1—4.2 cM. longo; 
lateralia 14—18'}, cM. longa, 6.8—10 cM. lata, petiolulo 1.1—2 cM.longo; 
basalia 6.2—14 cM. longa, 3.7—2 cM. lata, petiolulo 0.4—0.8 cM. longo; 
petiolus communis 10—12.7 cM. longus, diametro 0.15—0.2 cM,, ut petioluli 
flavo-glandulosus, minute: pulverulentus ; inflorescentia terminalis, e nonnullis 
inflorescentiis thyrsiformibus, densis, denique interruptis, composita; cymae 
parvae, binae binis oppositae, decussatae, bis usque ad quinquies dichotomae, 
4 —32-florae, bracteis caducis; inflorescentia thyrsiformis 12—13 cM. longa, 
2'/,—5 cM. lata; cymae 0.9—2,5 cM. longae, 0.9—3 cM. latae, pedunculo 
0.2—0.6 cM, longo, ut pedicelli pulverulento; pedicelli 02 cM longi, 
bracteola minuta (0.125 cM. longa) cito caduca lineare suffulti; calyx 
urceolaris, margine 5 dentibus regularibus minutis basi glandulo suffultis 
ornatus, intus glaber, extus pulverulentus, 0.3 cM. longus; corolla tubo 
curvato, parte inferiore recta, 0.35 cM. longa, apicem versus dilatato- 
curvata, toto 0.8 cM. longo; lobi labii superioris 2 obtuse deltoidei 0.2 cM. 
longi; lobi laterales 2 labii inferioris obtuse deltoidei, 0.3 cM longi, lobo 
centrale (labello) 0.5 cM. longo, 0.6 cM. lato, margine irregulariter sinuato, 
basi supra barbato; alabastrum dense pulverulentum et glandulosum praeter 
tubi partem inferiorem; lobi tubique pars superior extus dense pulverulenti 
et glandulosi, margine labelli excepto, intus glabri, basi labelli barbata 
excepta; stamina subdidynamia, tubi inserta regione, ubi extus pilorum 
confinium, 0.4 cM. exserta, glabra, antheris 0.1 cM. longis, thecis adultis 
semilunariter divergentibus, interdum alia aliis continuata; stylus glaber 
0.6 cM. exsertus, apice bifidus, jugi ramuli 0,05 cM. longi ; ovarium glabrum 
vel nonnullis glandulis vestitum, conicum; fructus glaber, globosus, 0.7 cM. 
diametro, parte inferiore calyce inclusa. 

Insel Sebesi (Sunda-strasse zwischen Java u. Sumatra) am Rande 
des Urwaldes, 100 M. ü. d. M. (DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN-REYNVAAN 5355! 
blühend am 28. April 1921; Blüten violett). 

Die Pflanze ist nahe verwandt mit Vifex heterophylla ROXB., zumal mit 
der Varietät genuina H.].L. (1c. 55) aus Burma, die neuerdings auch in Süd- 
Sumatra (Lampongs) nachgewiesen worden is, unterscheidet sich aber von 
dieser Art durch die grôberen, breiteren, obovaten Blätter, die viel längeren 
Blattstielchen und Blattstiele und die violette Blütenkrone. Die Blätter der 
letztgenannten Art sind immer (in den wenigen zur Verfügung stehenden 
Exemplaren) schmal-länglich. 


9. Vitex celebica KDS., Med. ’s Lands Pi.-tuin Btz. XIX (1898) 560 and 
645; CAM, lic. 56. 

Halmaheiïra: Im Walde, 60 M. ü. d. M. (BEGUIN 2019! ; “mamali” 
der Eingeborenen ; Stamm 14 M. hoch, Krone 14 M. hoch, Umfang des Stammes 
in 1 M. Hôhe ueber dem Boden, 3.10 M.; Rinde grau; Fuss des Stammes 
tief gefurcht; dieser Baum ist fast ausgerottet). 





178 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR 2 


10. Vitex cofassus RW. ex BL. Bijdr. (1826) 813; LAM, I.c. 51. 

Var. latypica JEU 

Buton: Kulipapo, Wila (BEVERSLUIS 2!; einh. N.: katonding); . 
Sampolawa, im Walde, 25 M. ü.d.M. (DE BOER 16! [Boschproeîstation (Ver- 
suchsanstalt für Forstwesen) bb. 2239]; einh. N.: wola [but.] oder katondeng 
[bugin.]; Baum, 35 M. hoch, 1 M. in Diam., Stamm oîft gefurcht). 

Buru: Tifu, 2 M. ü. d. M. auf Kalkfelsen (TOXOPEUS. 52! Baum 6 M. 
hoch, Blüten bläulich violet); viele Blätter dieses Exemplares sind 2—3- 
zählig, bisweilen sind die Blättchen mehr oder weniger verwachsen. 

Kei: (JENSEN 283!) 

Var. f puberula H.]J.L., 1.c. 

Neu-Ilrland: Lamekot (PEEKEL 10! Baum 20—30 M. hoch, im Walde; 
Juli 1920; einh. N.: fasé). 


11. Vitex trifolia L., Spec. PI. II (1753) 638; LAM I.c. 52. 

Var. a trifoliolata SCHAU. 

Buru: Leksula, 300 M. ü. d. M., auf Korallenkalk; (TOXOPEUS 631 !; 
Baum, 10 M. hoch). 


12. Vitex pubescens VAHL., Symb., bot. III (1794) 85; LAM, I.c. 53. 

Sumatra: P. Tebing Tinggi, an der Küste (BRUINIER 87! einh. N,: 
leban) ; P. Rangsang (id. 8!) ; P. Selat Pandjang (id. 210!) ; P. Merbau (id. 227 !). 

Simalur: am Meeresstrand (ACHMAD 1605!; Baum, 11 M. hoch, 
Krone 6 M; Blüten hellgelb; einh. N.: manil alas). 

Sulu-Archipel: Insel Tawi-tawi (VATES 36209!). 

Borneo, Brit. N.-: Sandakan, Prov. Myburgh (ELMER 201011. 


13. Vitex heterophylla ROXB., FI. Ind. II (1832) 75; LAM, L.c. 55. 
Var. f. undulata CLARKE. 
Borneo: Lio Matu, 170 M. ü. d. M. (MOUTON 6718!) 


14. Vitex Negundo L., Sp. PI. (1753) 638; LAM, lc. 55. 

Var::Pabicolor El:]:EL..lCc. 

Neu-Guinea: Manokwari (JANOWSKY 5181). 

Schouten-Inseln: Biak, Nordküste (FEUILLETAU DE BRUYN 4141). 

15. Vitex siamica WILLIAMS, Bull. Herb. Boiss, Sér. Il, V (1905) 431; 
LAM, I.c. 58. 

Malaïische Halbinsel: Kedah, Telok Apau (Md. Hariff 7079!; 
? einh. N.: lankawi; Baum, 15 -20 Fuss hoch). 


16. Vitex flabelliflora HALL. F., Med. ’s Rijks Herb. Leid. no. 37 
(1918) 50; LAM, I.c. 58. 

Borneo, S.-O.-: Ma. Nusa, Kahajan (M. Semeroe 17! [Bosch- 
proefstation (Vers. anst. f. Forstw.) bb. 2105]; einh. N.: gragai; vor allem 
auf nassem Grund und längs Flüssen; kleiner Baum, Blüten violet-weiss, 
angenehm duftend; Hoiz wertlos). 





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»$ LANDS PLANTENTUIN” 
#3 GJARDIN BOTANIQUE DE BUITENZORG") 
_ Bulletin du Jardin Botanique 


vie + Rédigé par » 

Dr. W. M. DOCTERS VAN LEEUVWEN, Dr. F. C. VON FABER, 
pis Directeur du Jardin Botanique | Chef des Laboratoires Botaniques 
RES _et 


| DE: OL SMITH, 
AE Chef de l'Herbier 


Re Série, ll. 
Volume V. | Livraison 3. 


7 


Décembre 1922. 


nt, er Prix: f 3— 


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© ARCHIPEL DRUKKERIJ — BUITENZORG. 












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a R. W. K. an. ALDERWERELT. VAN | ROSENBURAH. New or “titetés 
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NEW YONX 

BOTANICAL 
GARDEN 


NEW OR INTERESTING MALAYAN FERNS 12. 


by 
CAPT. C. R. W.K. VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH. 


Wherever the contrary has not been mentioned the following diagnoses 
were made after dried material and the descriptions of the colours were 
taken from the field notes of the collectors. 

| Regarding the synonyms referring to CHRISTENSEN’S Index Filicum 1] 
| note that the ferns of the Buitenzorg Herbarium are now arranged in 
» accordance with my conception. 

| 


Isospore Filicales. 


Adiantum rhizophorum SW. Syn. 320, 422 ; V. À. V. R. Mal Ferns 324. 

Rhachis naked or nearly so, not copiously hairy (as is shown in 
HK., Spec. Fil., Il, tab. LXXX A), and the indusium transversely oblong, 
… with a tendency to become obreniform. 
| A plant from Java (Besoeki, Mt. Kendeng, C. A. BACKER No. 
30737), which is seemingly a form of this, has the central leaflets horizontal, 
… somewhat decurved, less deeply lobed, the lower leaflets deflexed, and 
. the veins not compact. 


Adiantum suborbiculare V. À. V.R. Bull. Dép. Agr.I. N. XVIII (1908), 
DA Mal Pérns 31; Supplem. 1, 238. 

Also in the Riouw Archipelago:Poeloe Bintan, Mt. 
Bintan, on stones in forest, alt. 250 m. (H. À. B. BÜNNEMEIJER No. 6167, 
* 14 June 1919). 


Adiantum flabellulatum L. Spec. Il, 1095; v. À v. R. Mal. Ferns 334.— 
«À. Doctersii v.A.v.R. Bull. Btz. XI (1913), 1, tab. 1; Supplem. [, 236. 
; Forma typicum : Fronds flabellate-pedate, subdichotomous. 

Forma Doctersii: Fronds pinnately branched. — United with the type 
. by intermediates. 











o Alsophila Janseniana V. À. V.R. 
Truncus usque 50 cm. vel plus altus. Stipites + 160 cm. longiï, inermes, 
raesertim ,in juventute dense squamosi, parte inferiore fusci, parte superiore 


2 Vissimis, rubido-brunneis, acutis, dense ciliolatae, basibus persistentibus, 
… subverruculiformibus. Frondes lineari-lanceolatae, + 230 cm. longae, abrupte 


180 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 


breviter acuminatae, pinnatae; rhachis laevis, glabrescens, in juventute supra 
pilis erectis, flavido-brunneis hirsutula ; pili probabiliter squamulis filiformibus 
intermixti. Pinnae plus minusve coriaceae, glabrae; pinna terminalis e basi 
subtruncata elongato-deltoidea, infra apicem acute acuminatum, serrulatum 
lobata, basi profunde pinnatipartita, lobis maximis lineari-oblongis, obtusis, 
integerrimis vel serratis; pinnae laterales remotae, cum rhachide articulatae, 
ascendentes vel superiores magis patentes; pinnae superiores parvae, sessiles, 
lineari-oblongae, plus minusve profunde lobatae, in lobos inferiores pinnae 
terminalis transientes; pinnae sequentes lineari-lanceolatae; pinnae inferiores 
maximae, brevissime petiolulatae, subsessiles, + 36 cm. longae, supra basin 
6 cm. latae, parte superiore infra apicem sensim acute acuminatum et ser- 
rulatum lobatae, parte mediana profunde pinnatipartitae, basi pinnatae; 
costa supra hirsutula, subtus glabra (glabrescens ?). Segmenta usque 40 
utrinque; segmenta superiora medianaque conferta vel subimbricata, sub- 
oblonga ad oblonga; segmenta inferiora conferta, approximata vel paullo 
remota: seementa inframediana vel suprabasalia maxima, lineari-oblonga, 
2-3 cm. lorga, #/,—1 cm. lata, obtusa vel obtusiuscula, integerrima, basi 
superiore rotundata, basi inferiore abrupte dilatata et angustissime decur- 
rentia; segmenta inferiora plus minusve abbreviata, infima libera, sessilia, 
basi utrinque rotundata; costula subtus squamulis paucis, minutissimis, 
lanceolatis, brunnescentibus, spinoso-acuminatis, parce spinuloso-ciliolatis 
munita; venae distinctae sed graciles, ascendentes, plerumque irregulariter 
ramosae (furcatae vel duplicato-furcatae, vel parce pinnatae ramis simplici- 
bus vel furcatis), hic illic simplices. Sori in pinnis superioribus inter costulam 
marginemque mediani, in pinnis inferioribus ad venas inframediani, costulam 
approximati, postremo subconfluentes et costulam plus minusve obtegentes ; 
sori inferiores (praesertimi inferiores postici) plus minusve a costula remoti; 
capsulae paraphysibus gracilibus, piliformibus, pallidis intermixtae. 

Besides the normal segments and alternate with these there are not 
rarely much abbreviated to conspicuously elongated ones varying from 
short-oblong (7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad) to short-linear (5 cm. long, 1!/, 
cm. broad, acute, crenate). Subcostular row of sori sometimes accompanied 
by a few sori placed outside near the normal ones. 

This species bears the name of Mr. P.J. JANSEN T. PZN., General 
Manager of Simau, who has always taken much interest in BROOKS 
collections. 

Sumatra: Benkoelen, Lebong Tandai, in shady jungle on hill 
side (C.J. BROOKS, July 1921). 


Alsophila allocota v. AÀ.v.R. 

Stipites + 17!/, — 20 cm. longi, supra 3-sulcati, pallide brunnei, ceterum 
purpureo-brunnei (vel castanei), glabrescentes, basibus persistentibus, copiosis, 
tuberculiformibus, castaneis squamarum deciduarum asperi; squamae scarioso- 
subcoriaceae, flavido-brunneae vel ochraceae, saepe brunneo-marginatae, 


Ph 


| . VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH : Malayan Ferns 12. 181 


inferiores densae, ceterae copiosae, infimae longissimae angustissimaeque, 
Hneari-subulatae, ceterae pro ratione multo latiores, lineari-triangulares, 
falcatae, superiores deciduae, sensim minores, omnes nitidae, pilis Brevissimis, 
rubro-brunneis vel castaneis, acutis, spinuliformibus ciliolatae, apice graciliter 
longe acuminatae. Frondes lanceolato-oblongae, 75 cm. lonÿae, 45 cm. latae, 
utrinque angustatae, apice acuminatae ; rhachis apicem versus anguste alata, 
supra pilis pro portione longis, curvatis vel erectis, subflexuosis, ferrugineis 
vel ochraceis hirsuta, ceterum partem superiorem stipitis simulans sed 
basibus persistentibus squamarum deciduarum multo numerosis, minoribus, 
saepe subpunctiformibus, flavido-brunneis vel ochraceis. Pinnae multae, con- 
fertae, superiores ascendentes, sequentes patentes, inferiores deflexae ; pinnae 


medianae maximae, petiolatae, e basi paullo angustata ovato-lanceolatae, + 
25 cm. longae, 7!/}, cm. latae, acuminatae; pinnae inferiores lanceolato- 
oblongae, + 12'/, cm. longae, medio +# 4!/, cm. latae ; rhachis apicem versus 
anguste alata, supra hirsuta, subtus squamulosa ; squamulae pallidae, brunneo- 
spinuloso ciliatae, inferiores partim lineari-subulatae, partim e basi bullata 
ovato-subulatae, superiores iis costarum similes. Pinnulae papyraceae, glabrae, 
contiguae vel leviter imbricatae, patentes vel subhorizontales, lineari-oblongae, 
superiores basi late cuneata vel subtruncata adnatae et ala rhachidis connatae, 
sequentes breviter petiolulatae, cum rhachide articulatae ; pinnulae suprabasales 
maximae, + 4 cm. longae, 1!/, em. latae, marginibus subparallelis, parte 
inferiore + !}, costam versus incisae, apicem obtusum, parce rotundato- 
crenatum versus minus profunde lobatae ; costa supra parce hirsuta, subtus 
squamulis ovatis, bullatis, pallidis longe acuminatis, ciliolatis munita. Lobi 
contigui vel subcontigui, oblongi, + 4 mm. lati, integerrimi, apice obtusi vel 
rotundati ; venae utrinque latere costulae 4—6, simplices vel furcatae, interdum 
hic illic anastomosantes. Soriad venas 1-3 inferiores mediani; capsulae 
pro ratione paucae, pilis articulatis, alternatim pallide et obscure castaneo- 
annulatis, quam capsulis paullo longioribus intermixtae. 

The wing uniting the higher, undivided or slightly incised pinnae 
or pinnulae is broadest medial between the pinnae or pinnulae, 
becoming gradually narrower towards the place of union with the pinnae 
or pinnulae. 

The texture, when seen towards the light (under the lens), is provided 
with very numerous roundish, oblong or linear, simple or branched, free 
or confluent groups of darker-coloured cells resembling spurious veins 
subparallel with the real veins. The sori are placed on laterally compressed 
increasing of the veins. 

Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Toedjoeh, Mt Ranai, in forest, 
alt. 1000 m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 5936, 21 May 1019). 


Alsophila glabrescens V. À. V.R. 
A. glabrae HK. affinis. — Stipites castanei, squamis subulatis, fuscis, 
saepe anguste, obscure marginatis, dense, breviter castaneo-spinuloso-cilio- 


G 


182 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE I, VOL. V, Liv, 3. 





latis, inferioribus sat persistentibus, subdensis, ceteris deciduis ornati, 
postremo basibus persistentibus squamarum decessarum copiose tuberculato- 
asperi. Rhachis primaria castanea, supra brevissime, decidue castaneo- 
fibrilloso-puberula, postremo basibus persistentibus pilorum decessorum 
dense puncticulâto-asperula, subtus in juventute probabiliter furfuracea vel 
squamulosa, mox glabrescens et copiose verruculoso- vel punctato-asperula ; 
rhachides secundariae rhachidem primariam simulantes sed laeves. Pinnulae 
coriaceae, maximae + 6 cm. longae, 1 cm. latae, infra apicem obtusius- 
culum vel subobtuse acuminatum crenatumque ‘/,-—*/, Costam versus 
incisae, lobis oblique oblongis, integerrimis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis ; 
venae simplices. 

Lingga' Archipelago: Poeloe  Singkep, Mtula ndjoes 
in forest, alt 40 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 7286, 5 October 
1919). 


Alsophila spinifera V. A. V.R. 

Truncus usque + 1 m. altus. Stipites + 75 em. longi, spinosi, cum 
rhachide decidue ferrugineo-furfuracei; spinae squarrosae, inferiores copiosae, 
longe conicae, acutae, superiores sensim in spinulas rhachidis transientes. 
Frondes + 140 cm. longae, acumirnatae, 3-pinnatipartitae; rhachis aculeata, 
spinulis superioribus sparsis, brevissimis, acute conicis. Pinnae subhori- 
zontales, medianae inferioresque petiolatae; pinnae medianae maximae, 
lanceolato-ovatae, + 55 cm. longae, 17!/, cm. latae, acuminatae; rhachis 
supra dense lanuginoso-villosa, pilis crispatis, ferrugineis, squamulis deciduis, 
sparsis, breviter et anguste lineari-subulatis, subcrispatis, rufo-fuscis, erosis 
intermixtis, subtus + decidue ferrugineo-furfuracea, gibbis minutissimis, 
sparsis, acute conicis asperula. Pinnulae subrigide coriaceae, glabrae, in 
sicco supra purpureo-brunneae, subtus pallide brunneae, numerosae, paullo 
remotae, sessiles vel subsessiles, inferiores brevissime petiolulatae ; pinnulae 
inframedianae maximae, lineari-lanceolatae, usque 9!/, cm. longae et supra 
basin rotundato-truncatam 2!/, cm. latae, pinnatipartitae, apice sensim 
acuminatae et serratae; costa supra sublanuginoso-villosa, subtus copiose 
squamulosa, squamulis ovato-lanceolatis, piliformi-acuminatis, subcrispatis, 
brunneis, leviter erosis. Lobi numerosi, subconferti, subhorizontales, breviter 
lineares, subfalcati, usque 3 mm. lati, obtusi, crenato-serrati vel -dentati; 
costula supra glabra, subtus squamulosa, squamulis superioribus subbullata- 
ovatis, piliformi-acuminatis, brunneis, inferioribus iis costae similibus sed 
minoribus; venae usque 10—12 utrinque, furcatae vel duplicato-furcatae, 
superiores simplices. Sori costulares, ad venas 1—2 inferiores; capsulae 
squamulis pro portione longis, subcrispatis, angustissimis, subfibrilliformibus 
intermixtae. 

Sumatra: Toba, Habinsaran Plateau, in primeval forest 
on slope of ravine, alt. 1225 m. (J. A. LÔRZING No. 6588, 11 May 
1919). 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 183 

Angiopteris lancifoliolata V. À. V.R. 

Stipites certe basin versus parce fuberculati verruculosique et copiose 
squamulati, glabrescentes; squamae partim parvae, anguste subufatae, nigrae 
vel nigro-castaneae, graciliter longe acuminatae, partim minutissimae, fur- 
furiformes, ferrugineae. Pinnae medianae vel inferiores maximae, usque ad 
+ 00 cm. longae; rhachis glabrescens, in sicco fusca. Pinnulae subcoriaceae, 
flaccidae, in sicco supra fuscae, subtus pallidiores; ad costam venasque 
parce ferrugineo-lanuginoso-squamulosae, glabrescentes elongato-lanceolatae, 
sessiles vel breviter (2 mm.) petiolulatae, basi aut aequaliter cuneatae vel late 
rotundato-cuneatae, aut antice abrupte cuneatae, postice rotundato-cuneatae, 


-margine crenulatae vel repando-crenulatae, apice anguste cuspidato-acu- 


minatae, acumine leviter, late crenulato, basi serrulato; pinnarum maximarum 
pinnulae medianae vel supramedianae maximae, + 16 cm. longae, ad vel 
infra 2!/, cm. latae; costa venaeque subtus in sicco fuscae, nigrescentes ; 
venae approximatae, patentes, impellucidae; venulae recurrentes longae 
sed absconditae, impellucidae. Sori submarginales, contigui, basin acu- 
minis attingentes; capsulae 9—15, plerumque 12, rotundatae, brunneae, 
postice applanatae, nigrae vel nigro-castaneae; indusium pilis ferrugineis, 
crispatis. 

The lines of sori correspond with a longitudinal depression on the 
upper side of the pinnulae. 

Lingga Archipelago: Poeloe Singkep, Mt. Landjoet, river 
side in forest, alt. 50 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 7288, 5 August 
1919). 


©  Angiopteris athroocarpa V. À. V.R. 

Rhachides secundariae in sicco fuscae, subtus teretes, supra 2-sulcatae, 
glabrae (glabrescentes ?). Pinnulae crasse coriaceae, in sicco fusco-griseae 
ad fuscae; pinnulae medianae vel superiores maximae, elongato-lanceolatae, 
171/,—20 cm. longae, 2—3 cm. latae, petiolo 1—3 mm. longo instructae, 
basi interdum aequilaterae, rotundatae vel truncato-cuneatae, plerumque 
inaequilaterae, oblique rotundato-truncatae, hinc inde subcordato-emarginatae, 
margine minute crenulatae ad serrulatae, hic illic subintegerrimae, apice 
sensim longe acuminatae, minute serrulatae ; pinnulae inferiores plus minusve 
diminutae, interdum petiolo usque ad 1 cm. longo instructae ; costa venaeque 
subtus glabrae (glabrescentes?); venae venulaeque recurrentes postremo 
fuscescentes ad nigrescentes, patentissimae, subhorizontales; venae impel- 
lucidae; venulae recurrentes longae costam attingentes, interdum pellucidae. 
Sori intramarginales, contigui; capsulae plerumque 12—16, interdum 8—190, 
fusci, rotundati; indusium pilis brevibus, rufis. 

Near À. javanica PR. but broader, and the edges more finely crenulate 
or serrulate. | 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, river side in forest, alt. 1800 m. (H. A. 
B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 9644, 19 April 1920). 


184 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





À. monstruosa V. À V.R. this Bull. II, 130. 

Var. pseudomacroglossum: À forma typica differt foliolis magis coria- 
ceis, soris Capsulis magis numerosis, usque 20— 30. 

The type and the variety are perhaps hybrids of an Angiopteris and a 
Macroglossum, or intermediates between them. 

Sumatra:!/Bengkoëelen, Lebong Tarnrd'aïmCmW/ Rome 
December 1921). 


Antrophyum ovatum V. À. V.R. Bull. Dép. Agr. I. N. XVIII (1908) 17, 
tab. Il, fig. 1 a—e; Mal. Ferns 534. 

Stipes close, approximate or subremote, slightly scaly towards the 
base; scales like those of the rhizome. 

À specimen from the Riouw Archipelago (Poeloe Toe- 
dijoeh, Mt. Ranaï, in forest, alt, 1000 m., H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 
5947, 21 May 1919) has the sori longer, reaching the central portion of the 
fronds, free or slightly anastomosing, with the paraphyses less strongly 
twisted. 


Aspidium tricuspe BEDD. Handb. Ind. Ferns, Supplem., 44; V. A. V.R. 
Mal. Ferns 235. 

Var. glabrum: Stipites non alati. Frondes segmentis angustioribus ; 
segmenta lateralia maxime 4 cm. lata, basi postica interdum furcata; 
segmentum centrale maxime 5 cm. latum, basi interdum hastato-pinnatifidum ; 
costae vernaeque glabrae. 

Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Toedjoeh, Mt. Ranai,in forest, 
alt. 400—500 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 5834, 5948, 19-21 May 1919). 


Aspidium ternatense V.A.V.R. Bull. Dép. Agr. I. N. XVIII (1908), 
9; Mal. Ferns 238; Supplem. I, 191. 

V. M. A. BEGUIN's No. 842 from Ternate (Akè Bobotja) has 
the barren fronds to 65 cm. long, with the pinnae to 35 cm. long, 7 cm. 
broad, the fertile fronds to 45 cm. long, with the pinnae to 21 cm. long, 
3 cm. broad, and the sori more deeply immersed. . 


Asplenium cymbifolium CHRIST in Bull. Herb. BOISS. 2e Sér. VI, 999; 
V. À. V.R. Mal. Ferns 440. 

Veins mostly simple, sometimes forked. 

Forma typicum.—Luzon. 

Forma lingganum: Frondes minores, usque + 60 cm. longae et 
6 cm. latae. Sori breves, dimidium basalem venarum occupantes, costam 
non attingentes, venis venulisve sterilibus 2—10 interpositis. 

Lingga Archipelago: Poeloe Singkep, Baroe, in forest, 
epiphytical, alt, 30 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 7388, 8 August 1919)' 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 185 


©  Aspienium pseudo-caudatum V: À. V.R, 


Euasplenium.-— Rhizoma erectum, squamis subulato-lanceolatis, fuscis. 
Stipites approximati, 25-35 cm. longi, cum rhachide in sicco fusci, glabri. 
Frondes lanceolatae vel triangulari-lanceolatae, 40-45 cm. longae, pinnatae, 
caudato-acuminatae. Pinnae firmiter herbaceae, glabrae, infra pinnam ter- 
minalem + 20 utrinque; pinna terminalis elongato-triangularis, apice remote 
serrato-crenata, basi remote et profunde pinnatipartita, lobis obliquis, breviter 
linearibus, integerrimis vel apice 2-crenatis; pinnae laterales petiolatae vel 
superiores sessiles; pinnae superiores lanceolato-oblongae, acutae vel 
obtusiusculae, obtuse serrato-crenatae, basi oblique et anguste cuneatae, 
supremae in lobos basales pinnae terminalis transientes; pinnae inframe- 
dianae vel inferiores maximae, longiuscule (usque ad 1 cm. longe) petiolatae, 
elongato-triangulares, usque ad 10-—-12 cm longae, basi oblique cuneato- 
truncata 2!/,—3 cm. latae, apicem remote serrato-dentatum, subcaudatum 
versus serrato-lobatae; pinnae inframedianae basin versus sensim profunde 
pinnatifidae; pinnae inferiores basin versus sensim profundissime pinnati- 
partitae, subpinnatae. Segmenta (crenae, dentes, lobi) obliqua; segmenta 
superiora (crenae, dentes) integerrima vel apice 2-crenata ; segmenta sequentia 
(lobi) breviter linearia vel parallelogrammiformia, apice plerumque oblique 
truncata, plus minusve copiose crenata; pinnarum inferiorum segmenta 
inferiora sublibera (ala costali angustissima conjuncta), cuneato-flabellata 
vel -oblonga, usque ad 2 cm. longa et 1'/, cm. lata, margine exteriore 
obtusa vel rotundata, plus minusve irregulariter crenato-dentata; venae 
oraciles sed distinctae, obliquae, superiores simplices, centrales 2-—3-furcatae, 
inferiores plus minusve distincte flabellato-dichotomae ; venulae ultimae in 
singulis dentibus (crenaturis serraturisve) solitariae, eorum apices haud 
attingentes. Sori valde obliqui, inter costam marginemque mediani, plerumque 
ramulos anticos venarum furcatarum occupantes; indusium latiusculum. 

Central pinnae resembling much those À. caudatum FORST.; lower 
segments of lower pinnae resembling the pinnulae of À. cuneatumt LAM. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji,inforest, alt. 1500 m. (H. A.B. BüNNEMEIJER 
No. 8432, 4 March 1920). 


Asplenium tenuifolium DON, Prod. Flor. Nep. 8; v.A.v.R. Mal, 
Ferns 460. 

Rhizome short. the scales lanceolate-subulate, fuscous or black-brown, 
glossy or iridescent. Stipes aggregate, 7!}, —20 cm. long, naked, dark-brown 
or blackish, or the upper part green, as is the naked rhachis. Fronds 
lanceolate-ovate, 15 —30 (after BEDDOME to 50) cm. long, deeply 3-pinna- 
tipartite, acuminate. Pinnae + 15 on each side (after HOOKER and BAKER 
numerous), spreading or subhorizontal ; higher pinnae adnate or sessile, short, 
linear or subspathulate-cuneate, entire or 2—3-fid ; lower pinnae stalked, 
rhomboidal-oblong from a very obliquely truncate-cuneate base, blunt or 
bluntish ; largest pinnae 5—7!/, cm. long, + 2 cm. broad. Pinnulae close 


186 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3 


or approximate, + spreading, the lower shortly rhomboidal-oblong, blunt, 
deeply pinnatipartite. Tertiary segments to 3 on each side below the terminal 
one; terminal segment cuneate-clavate or-obovate, more.or less deeply 2—4-fid; 
lateral segments close or approximate, more or less ascending, the higher 
lanceolate to subspathulate, entire or more or less deeply 2-fid; lower 
segments cuneate-obovate from a narrowed or even linear-cuneate, sub- 
stipitiform base, more or less deeply 3—4-fid, Ultimate segments shortly, 
acutely acuminate. Texture thin; surfaces naked; veins 1 to each ultimate 
segment, not reaching the apex, not rarely relatively very short. Sori propor- 
tionally short, at best 1 to each ultimate segment, + parallel to the margin ; 
indusium thin, broad. 
Malade: Binitt al mdr 


Asplenium acutiusculum BL. Enum. PI. Jav. Il, 178; V. À. V.R. Mal. 
Ferns 403. 

The authentic specimen of this species is unknown to me.—The 
plants occuring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium under the name of A. 
acutiusculum BL. have the pinnae varying from serrate-crenate to lobate- 
crenate with the crenations (teeth, lobules) entire or the central ones 
2-crenate or 2-serrate and the lower not rarely more copiously serrate-crenate 
or dentate-crenate. — À plant from Java, gathered and determined by 
RACIBORSKI, has the lower pinnae subpinnate towards the base, with the 
seoments resembling the pinnulae of À. cuneatum LAM.; the specimen, 
however, differs, distinctly from the next preceding. 

Plants from Sumatra, gathered by BüNNEMEIJER, are apparently inter- 
mediate between À. aculiusculum BL. and À. caudatum FORST.; some of 
the specimens are approaching the former, and others approaching the latter. 


Asplenium scandens ]. SM. in Journ. of Bot. III, 408; V. A. V.R. Mal. 
Ferns 475. 

Also in Ternate: Moja, in ravine in deep shade, alt. 300 m. (V. M. 
A. BEGUIN No. 1013, 22 October 1920). 


Blechnum Finlaysonianum WALL. List No. 2172; V. À. V. R. Mal 
Ferns 387. 

Also in the Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Toedjoeh, Mt. 
Ranai, in forest, alt. 700 m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 5837, 19 May 1919) 
and in the Lingga Islands: Poeloe Singkep, Dabo, in-forest, alt. 
40 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 7270, 4 August 1919). 


Blechnum orientale L. Spec. I[l*, 1535; V. A. V.R. Mal. Ferns 387. 

À specimen from Sumatra(Deli, Bandar-baroe,in secundary 
forest, alt. 800 m., J. À. LüRZING No. 6302) is distinguished in having the 
fronds very large, to 4!/,m. long (including the stipe?), the pinnae to 
40 cm. long, 2!/, cm. broad. 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 187 


Cyathea Bünnemeijeri V. À. V. R: 

Stipites + 50 cm. longi, in juventute pallide ferrugineo-furfuracei, 
glabrescentes, in sieco fusci vel pallide fusci, parte inferiore copiose, 
breviter, acute spinulosi, squamosi, parte superiore tuberculis minutissimis, 
(spinulis reductis), conicis, sparsis asperuli; squamae sparsae vel inferiores 
approximatae, anguste lineari-subulatae, fuscae, graciliter acuminatae, inte- 
gerrimae vel basin versus erosodenticulatae. Frondes ovato-oblongae, 
75-100 cm. longae, acuminatae; rhachides pallide fuscae, supra sublanuginoso- 
pilosae, subtus in juventute probabiliter ferrugineo-furfuraceae, laeves vel 
basin versus punctis sparsis, tuberculiformibus asperulae; rhachides secundariae 
basin versus squamulosae, squamulis iis stipitis similibus sed multo brevioribus; 
pili subappressi, crispatuli, ferruginei, rhachidis primariae + decidui, rhachidum 
secundariarum persistentes. Pinnae multae, superiores patentes, sessiles, 
breves, profunde pinnatipartitae, sequentes + horizontales, petiolatae, 2-pinna- 
tipartitae, medianae vel inframedianae maximae, lineari-oblongae, usque 
40 cm. longae, 15 cm. latae, acuminatae; pinnae inferiores abbreviatae, 
deflexae. Pinnulae subdimorphae, herbaceae, glabrae, contiguae vel appro- 
ximatae, superiores ascendentes, sessiles,  sequentes + horizontales, sub- 
petiolulatae, basi truncatae; pinnulae inframedianae maximae, steriles usque 
7}, cm. longae, 1*/, cm. latae, fertiles usque 6 cm. longae, 1'/, cm. latae, 
lateribus subparallelis, infra apicem subabrupte acuminatum, sensim serrato- 
denticulatum pinnatipartitae; costa supra ferrugineo-sublanuginosa, subtus 
cum costulis parce squamulosa, squamulis bullato-ovatis, brunneis, acuminatis. 
Lobi conferti vel approximati, patentes, infimi horizontales, lineari-oblongi, 
apice obtusi vel rotundati, steriles usque 9 mm. longi, 4 mm. lati, basin 
versus late crenulati, apicem versus obtuse serrato-dentati, fertiles usque 
7 mm. longi, 3 mm. lati, basin versus subintegerrimi, apicem versus crenato- 
denticulati; venae usque 7—8 utrinque, furcatae, superiores simplices. 
Sori 1—2 utrinque, ad venas inferiores inframediani, costulam approximati; 
indusium globosum, scariosum, brunneum, in fragmentas lobuliformes 2 vel 
plures irregulariter rumpens; capsuiae paraphysibus castaneis, squamuloso- 
fibrilliformibus intermixtae. 

Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Toedjoeh, Mt. Ranai, in forest, 
alt. 600 m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER, No. 5839, 19 May 1919). 


Cyathea Zollingeriana METT, in Ann. Mus. Bot. L. B. 1, 57; V. À. V.R. 
Malnkerns 20,785;:-Supplem. l.26,; Corr., 42. 

Plants gathered in Sumatra (Mt. Koerintji, H. A. B. BÜNNEMEIER 
Nos. 0640, 9838) agree with the Javanese plants occurring in the Buitenzorg 
Herbarium under the name of C. Zollingeriana METT. except in the larger 
dimensions ; they are distinguished as follows: 

Stipes to 15 cm. long (with the frond narrowed gradually at the base) 
or to 65 cm. long (with the frond truncate at the base, and the stipe 
whether or not bearing a few much reduced pinnae to + 15 cm. above 


(a) 


188 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE AE, VOL. V, HIVRES: 











the base), reddish- or purplish-brown, ferrugineo-furfuraceous, asperous by 
innumerable minute, conical elevations and sparingly scaly, as are the main 
and secondary rhachises; scales of the stipe rather long, lanceolate, pale- 
or yellow-brown, very long-acuminate, with the margin darker, when young 
copiously fimbriate, at length erose; of the secondary rhachises much smaller, 
narrower. Fronds to + 2!/, m. long including the stipe, deeply 3-pinnati- 
partite, sub-3-pinnate; main rhachis provided beneath with 2 opposite rows 
of rather small, somewhat elevated, truncate-conoid tubercles (aërophores), 
especially below or between the bases of the lower pinnae besides 1-3 
somewhat larger tubercles at the bases of the pinnae. Pinnae elongate- 
lanceolate, acuminate; largest pinnae subsessile, to + 50 cm. long and 18 cm. 
broad, with the rhachis above hirsute with somewhat crisped, ferrugineous 
or castaneous hairs, beneath provided with small, solitary, conoiïd tubercles 
at the bases of the pinnulae ; reduced lower pinnae (if present) proportionally 
long-stalked. Pinnulae coriaceous, rather rigid, naked, dark above, paler 
beneath, the largest horizontal, sessile, lanceolate-triangular, to 8—9 cm. 
long, to 2—2!/, cm. broad at the base, deeply pinnatipartite at the middle, 
deeply pinnatifid in the upper part, gradually serrate-crenate at the acuminate 
apex, pinnate at or towards the base; costa above hirsute, beneath deci- 
duously ferrugineo-furfuraceous and -squamulose, the scales flat, lanceolate, 
erose or somewhat fimbriate-ciliolate. Segments nearly close linear-oblong, 
mostly somewhat falcate, blunt to subacute, the higher minutely serrulate- 
crenulate, the central and lower more distinctly and irregularly serrate-crenate 
at the middle, the lower free, adnate or the lowest subpetiolulate, truncate 
at the base, horizontal; largest segments to 1!/, cm. long, 3 mm. broad; 
costula above naked, beneath chaffy, especially between the sori; veins 
to 10-12 on a side, mostly forked, sometimes twice forked, the higher 
simple. Sori costular, to 5—7 on a side, not occupying the higher veins, 
the lowest close to the costa; indusium pale-brown, cupuliform, the mouth 
somewhat constricted, at length breaking down into 2--4 persistent lobes 
or fragments, 


Cyathea arthropterygia V. A. V.R. 

Stipites + 55 cm. longi, in sicco pallide brunnei, sursum muriculato- 
asperuli, deorsum gibbis minutissimis, conicis et basibus tuberculiformibus 
persistentibus squamarum decessarum asperi, ceterum minutissime ferrugineo- 
ochraceo-furfuracei, mox glabrescentes ; squamae deciduae, anguste subulatae, 
fuscae, setulis brevibus, acutis, obscure brunneis vel atro-rubris, erectis 
remote ciliolatae. Frondes + 1!/, m. longae, profunde 3-pinnatipartitae, 
sub-3-pinnatae, abrupte breviter acuminatae, basi truncatae; rhachis primaria 
in sicco pallide flavido-brunnea, deorsum parcissime punctato-asperula, cum 
rhachidibus secundariis supra pilis brevibus, curvatis, rufis tomentosa, subtus 
pilis brevibus, crispatis, furfuriformibus, ochraceis puberula, mox glabrescens. 
Pinnae patentes, subsessiles vel inferiores breviter petiolatae, basi pseudo- 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 189 
articulatae; pinnae maximae 55—60 cm. longae, 18-20 cm. latae. Pinnulae 
papyraceae, glabrae, contiguae, basi articulatae, superiores centralesque 
sessiles, ascendentes, longe acuminatae, inferiores vel infimae ‘brevissime 
petiolulatae, horizontales, paullo reductae, obtusae vel breviter obtuse acu- 
minatae; pinnulae maximae elongato-lanceolatae vel -oblongae, 9 —10 cm. 
longae, in medio 1*/,—2!/, cm. latae, rectae vel subfalcatae, profunde 
pinnatipartitae, acumine crenatae vel dentato-crenatae, basi saepe pinnatae ; 
costa supra brunneo-puberula, subtus ochraceo-furfuraceo-puberula, mox 
olabrescens. Segmenta remotiuscula, patentia vel infima horizontalia, maxima 
lineari-oblonga, usque ad 1'}, em. longa, usque ad 3 mm. lata, obtusa, 
superiora crenulata, sequentia grosse dentata (potius lobato-dentata), basi 
postica lobulo decurrenti abrupte oblique dilatata; segmenta inferiora vel 
infima saepe libera, paullo abbreviata, elongato-clavata, basi angustata adnata ; 
costula supra glabra, subtus paleis minutis, lanceolatis, bullatis, acuminatis, 
pallide brunneis munita; venae usque ad 8—10 utrinque, in dentibus vel 
lobulis ultimis furcatae vel parce pinnatim ramosae, superiores simplices. 
Sori 1—2 (vel plus?) utrinque, venas inferiores occupantes, costulares vel 
infimi postici subcostulares ; receptaculum ad basin squama distincta, brunnea, 
saepe regulariter orbiculari, plana vel scutelliformi cinctum. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, alt 2000 m. (H. À. B. BUNNEMEIJER 
No. 10352, 8 May 1920). 


2  Cyathea longipes V. À. V.R. 

Stipites + 115 cm. longi, in sicco pallide rufo-fusci, basin versus 
parce squamosi, spinis conicis, subacutis ‘aculeati et basibus persistentibus 
squamarum decessarum  tuberculati, ceterum  ochraceo-ferrugineo-furfu- 
racei, aérophoris longitudinalibus, lineari-oblongis, depressis muniti, sursum 
(cum parte inferiore rhachidis primariae). spinulis minutis conicis acu- 
leolati; squamae longe subulatae, castaneae, graciliter longe acuminatae, 
margine pallidiores, erosae vel fimbriato-laceratae. Frondes ovato-lanceolatae, 
aloNcmiIongae; profunde 3-pinnatifidae, subabrupte breviter acuminatae ; 
rhachis primaria supra rufo- vel castaneo-hirsuto-tomentosa, subtus (cum 
rhachidibus secundariis) mox glabrescens, laevis vel parcissime muriculato- 
asperula. Pinnae ascendentes, superiores sessiles, inferiores petiolatae ; 
pinnae maximae lineari-lanceolatae, + 55 cm. longae, media parte, 15 cm. 
latae, apice sensim acuminatae; pinnulae subcoriaceae, glabrae, remotae, 
triangulari- vel lineari-lanceolatae, superiores sessiles, ascendentes, inferiores 
petiolulatae, horizontales; pinnulae medianae maximae 7!/, cm. longae, ad 
vel supra basin 1%/, cm. latae; costa supra rufo-hirsuta, subtus pilis caducis, 
pallidis, lanuginosis et squamulis planis lanceolatis, laceratis munita, 
glabrescens. Segmenta approximata, patentia, lineari-oblonga, subfalcata, 
usque ad 1 cm. longa, 3 mm. lata, obtusa, superiora integerrima vel 
subcrenulata, cetera crenulata vel crenata, infima postica saepe libera, 
crenata vel crenato-dentata; costula supra glabra, subtus parce, minute 


190 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 
lacerato-squamulosa; venae usque ad 8—11 utrinque, supra distinctissimae, 
furcatae vel interdum 3-furcatae, superiores simplices. Sori 1—3 utrinque, 
costulares, ad venas inferiores positi; indusium tenuissime scariosum, 
pallidum, mox dilaceratum, basi persistente, brunnescenti, rotunda, plano- 
patelliformi. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, alt. 2200 m. (H. À. B. BüNNE- 
MEIJER No. 9642, 19 April 1920). 


Cyathea acanthopoda V. A. V. R. 

Stipites + 90 cm. longi, in sicco brunnei, deorsum squamosi, spinosi, 
sursum (cum parte inferiore rhachidis primariae) spinulosi et inter spinulas 
punctis innumerabilibus asperuli, ceterum decidue ferrugineo-ochraceo- 
furfuracei; squamae longe subulatae, rigidae, castaneae, graciliter longe 
acuminatae, pallidius eroso-marginatae, + deciduae, basibus persistentibus 
tuberculiformibus; spinae obtusae vel obtusiusculae, inferiores quam superi- 
ores majores, subcylindraceo-conoideae. Frondes probabiliter magrnae, 
profunde 3-pinnatipartitae, sub-3-pinnatae; rhachis pallide brunnea, supra 
pilis pallide brunneis, crispatis, flexuosis vel curvatis tomentosa, ceterum 
decidue furfuracea, parce squamosa, sursum parce minute spinulosa, copiose 
asperulo-puncticulata; squamae ïis stipitis similes sed angustiores. Pinnae 
ascendentes vel inferiores patentes; pinnae inframedianae maximae, 
breviter petiolatae, 50—60 cm. longae, subabrupte, breviter acuminatae ; 
rhachis (cum costis) pallide brunnea, supra castaneo-hirsuto-tomentosa, subtus 
glabra (glabrescens?); rhachis pinnarum inferiorum parce minute spinulosa, 
indistincte puncticulata, pinnarum superiorum laevis. Pinnulae firmiter 
herbaceae, glabrae, subcontiguae, sessiles vel subpetiolulatae, superiores 
ascendentes, inferiores patentes aut horizontales vel infimae plus minusve 
deflexae; pinnulae inframedianae maximae, elongato-lanceolatae, usque ad 
10—12 cm. longae et 2-—21/, cm. latae, infra apicem acuminatum profunde 
pinnatipartitae, basi truncata pinnatae, acumine sursum crenulato, deorsum 
sensim pinnatifido. Segmenta lineari-oblonga; segmenta mediana maxima, 
1--1'/, cm. longa, 2—3 mm. lata, obtusiuscula vel acutiuscula, crenulata vel 
crenata, sterilia latissima, subcontigua, basi confluentia, fertilia angustissima, 
paullo remota, basi ala costali angustissima unita ; seomenta inferiora libera, 
plus minusve abbreviata, basi adnata vel truncata et subpetiolulata; costula 
supra glabra, subtus basin versus decidue, pallide scarioso-squamulosa, 
squamulis inferioribus planiusculis, superioribus subbullatis, acuminatis ; 
venae usque ad 8—11 utrinque, furcatae vel medianae 3-furcatae, superiores 
simplices, omnes subtus pilis minutissimis, appressis, glanduliformibus munitae. 
Sori costulares, usque ad 6 utrinque, venas superiores non occupantes ; 
indusium postremo squamiforme, pallide scariosum, eroso-orbiculare, basim 
receptaculi cingens. | 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, alt 2200 m. (H. A. B. BüNNE- 
MEIJER No. 10294). 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12.191 


°  Cyathea trachypoda V. A. V.R, 


Stipites + 75 cm. longi, in sicco pallide brunnei, parte inferiore parce 
squamosi, spinis brevibus, subacutis, conicis aculeati et basibus persistentibus 
squamarum decessarum tuberculati, ceterum aërophoris oppositis, 2-seriatis, 
longitudinalibus, lineari-oblongis, depressis muniti, decidue ochraceo-furfu- 
racei, sursum (cum parte inferiore rhachidis primariae) gibbis minutis, conicis, 
subacutis aculeolati et punctis minutissimis asperuli; squamae longe et 
anguste lineares, castaneae, pallide eroso-marginatae, caducae. Frondes 
elongatae, + 150 cm. longae, profunde 3-pinnatifidae, apice subabrupte 
breviter acuminatae; rhachis primaria supra rufo-hirsuto-tomentosa, subtus 
pallida, flavido-brunnea, cum rhachidibus secundariis in juventute probabiliter 
ochraceo-furfuracea, mox glabrescens, sursum laevis vel parcissime muriculato- 
asperula. Pinnae ascendentes, superiores sessiles, inferiores petiolatae ; pinnae 
inframedianae maximae, elongato-lanceolatae, usque ad 50 cm. longae, breviter 
acuminatae. Pinnulae firmiter papyraceae, glabrae, subcontiguae, superiores 
ascendentes, ceterae patentes vel inferiores horizontales ; pinnulae inframedianae 
maximae, subpetiolulatae, + 8 cm. longae, 1!/, cm. latae, infra apicem 
acuminatum, sensim crenulatum profunde pinratifidae, basi truncata pinnatae 
vel subpinnatae; costa supra rufo-hirsuta, subtus in juventute probabiliter 
squamulosa squamulis iis costularum similibus, mox glabrescens. Segmenta 
approximata, lineari-oblonga, patentia vel inferiora horizontalia, subfalcata 
vel inferiora recta; segmenta maxima fere 1 cm. longa, 2'/, mm. lata, obtusa, 
margine in sicco anguste recurvata, integerrima vel hic illic suberenulata ; 
segmenta infima libera vel cum segmentis sequentibus ala costali angustissima 
unita; costula supra glabra, subtus squamulis paucis, pallidis, scariosis, 
lanceolato-ovatis, planiusculis vel subbullatis munita; venae usque ad 8—11 
utrinque, furcatae vel interdum 3-furcatae, superiores simplices, subtus pilis 
caducis, appressis, minutissimis, glanduliformibus munitae, mox glabrae, 
Sori 1—3 utrinque, costulares, ad venas inferiores positi, indusium postremo 
squamiforme, rotundum, scariosum, brunneum, erosum, basem receptaculi 
cingens, 

Shmatra: Mt Koërititit in forest, alt. 2200 m. ‘(11 AB. BiN- 
NEMEIJER No. 10205, 6 May 1920). 


Cyathea ternatea V. A. V. KR. 

Truncus usque + 7 m. altus. Stipites cum rhachide obscure purpureo- 
brunnei, in sicco castanei; stipites spinis acute-conicis copiose aculeati, 
decidue castaneo-furfuracei, basi decidue castaneo-subulato-squamosi. Frondes 
profunde 3-pinnatifidae, potius 3-pinnatipartitae, apice abrupte acuminatae ; 
rhachis primaria subtus in juventute ferruginéo-furfuracea, certe parte inferiore 
spinulis brevibus, acute conicis aculeolata, supra beviter castaneo-puberula, 
postremo glabrescens. Pinnae superiores ascendentes, sessiles, inferiores 
horizontales, petiolatae, maximae + 70 — 75 cm. longae, parte inferiore 
20 — 25 cm. latae, abrupte acuminatae ; rhachis punctis acutis, sparsis asperula, 


192 BULLETIN JARD. BOT: BUITENZORG, SÉRIE HT, VOL. Vs LIVRAS: 





ceterum rhachidi primariae similis. Pinnulae firmae, haud coriaceae, glabrae, 
paullo remotae, e basi pro portione lata, truncata lineari-lanceolatae, rectae 
vel falcatae (in- vel decurvatae), superiores ascendentes, sessiles, inferiores + 
horizontales, breviter petiolulatae, maximae 12!/, cm. longae, 2'/, cm. latae, 
profunde incisae, apice longe acuminato serratae; costa supra beviter 
castaneo-pubescens, subtus decidue ferrugineo-pubescens et squamulis parvis, 
oblongis, laceratis, castaneis, deciduis munita.  Segmenta approximata, 
patentia, lineari-oblonga, subfalcata, mediana maxima, + 1'/, cm. longa, 
3!/, mm. lata, acuta, margine anguste recurvata, serrulata vel crenato-serrulata, 
denticulis simplicibus vel 2-crenulatis aut 2-serrulatis; costula supra glabra, 
subtus squamulis Ssparsis, ferrugineis, subbullatis ornata; venae obliquae, 
usque 10—12 utrinque, superiores simplices, ceterae furcatae vel hinc inde 
duplicato-furcatae, subtus leviter prominentes. Sori minuti, ad venas + 
mediani; capsulae probabiliter paraphysibus articulatis intermixtae ; indusium 
parvum, squamiforme, orbiculare, brunneum, basin receptaculi cingens. 

Ternate: Foramadiahi, in forest, alt. 600 m. (V. M. À. BEGUIN 
No. 1126, 14 November 1920); North Foramadiahi, in forest, alt. 1300 
m. (V. M. A. BEGUIN No. 1521, 13 March 1921). 


Cyathea arachnoidea HK., Hk. Bk. Syn. Fil., 42; V. À. V. R. Mal. Ferns 26. 

BEGUIN’s Nos 1461 and 1545 from Ternate (North Foramadiahi) 
have the stipes black or purple black, shortly, acutely spinulose, densely 
rusty-tomentose, the base clothed with crowded, long and fine, subfiliform, 
glossy, yellow-brown scales. 


Cyclophorus cinnamomeus V. À. V.R. 

Niphobolus. — Rhizoma repens ; squamulae oblongae vel ovatae, raro acu- 
tae, peltatae, appressae, crebrae, in medio obscure rufae, margine late scariosae, 
pallidae, integerrimae. Frondes sessiles, isomorphae, breviter lineares vel 
ligulatae, 2!/, — 10 cm. longae, ad vel infra medium 6 — 10 mm. latae, 
apice obtusae ad acutiusculae, margine integerrimae, certe in sicco conspicue 
recurvatae, basi sensim angustatae, flaccido-coriaceae, in sicco cinnamomeae, 
supra mox glabrae, subtus tenuiter appresso-tomentosae, pilis steltis crebris, 
breviter ramulosis, cinnamomeis, in medio rufis; costa distincta; venae 
absconditae. Sori in parte superioris frondium, in juventute potius annuli- 
formes, in tomento non immersi. 

Near C. acrostichoides PR., but much smaller and sessile. 

Java: Banjoemas Residency, along Karang Kobar River, 
epiphytical on feritiera liftoralis DRY., alt. 1 m.(C. À. BACKER No. 31539, 
9 May 1921). 


Cyclophorus adnascens (SW.) DESV. in Berl. Mag. V, 300; V. À. V.R. 
Mal. Ferns 681. -- Polypodium adnascens SW. Syn. 25, 222, tab. Il, fig 2. 

Forma dichotoma: Fertile fronds varying from once forked to irregularly 
dichotomous. 

Saleijer: Bitombang (W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN No. 1650). 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 193 

Cyclophorus asterosorus (BK.) C. CHR. Ind. Fil. 198; V. À. V. R. Mal. 
Ferns 694; forma swbfurfuracea V. À. V. R. Bull. Btz. I (1920), 140. 
Polypodium asterosorum BK. in Journ. of Bot. XVIII, 214. 

À collection of several specimens recently gathered by BÜNNEMFIJER 
proves that this species is very variable and that the type and the form 
considered by me to be distinct from the type are running into each other 
so gradually that it is impossible to draw fthe precise line of demar- 
cation. 

Rhizome wide-creeping, slender, branched, clothed with moderately 
large, pale- or yellow-brown, lanceolate, membranaceous, slightly crisped, 
finely long-acuminate, entire or very minutely denticulate scales peltate 
and adpressed at the base, spreading in the upper part. Stipes remote, 
1'/,—15 cm. apart, 1!/,—15 cm. long, soon naked, when dry pale-brown. 
Fronds linear-lanceolate, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 7!/,—35 cm. long, 
3/,—21/, cm. broad, the edge often narrowly recurved, the base narrowed 
oradually, the apex subacute or more commonly suddenly, shortly and 
bluntly mucronate-acuminate or occasionally longer and more acutely 
acuminate. Texture more or less coriaceous, thin to thick, flaccid to rigid ; 
upper surface naked (glabrescent?); under surface coated with a more or 
less thin, tomentiform or furfuriform layer of pale (whitish or brownish), 
much adpressed, crisped, crowded, interlaced, very fine haïirs intermixed 
with and surpassed by numerous short-stalked, long-branched, rufous stellate 
hairs; main veins ascending, obscure, enclosing several longitudinally 
quadrangular areolae; included  veinlets simple or forked, excurrent or 
recurrent, free or connected. Sori rather lage, remote or crowded, occupying 
the upper '/;—?/, of the frond, not reaching the margin, placed in 2-3 
rows between the main veins, 5 —6 in a row, when young hidden under 
the thin layer of tomentum; capsules intermixed with rufous stellate 
hairs. 

By the venation intermediate between 8S Niphobolus and Niphopsis. 

Sumatra. 


Davallia solida (FORST.) SW. in SCHRAD. Journ. 1800?, 87; V. À. V.R. 
Mal. Ferns 305.—7richomanes solidum FORST. Prod. 86. 

Forma tomentella RST. in FED. Rep. XII, 213; V. A. V.R., Supplem. 
1, 224. — A plant from Poeloe Sebesi near Sumatra (W. DOCTERS VAN 
LEEUWEN No. 5077), referrible to this form, has the sori with the indusium 
narrowly cylindrical, + 3 -5 times as long as broad. 


Dictyopteris distincta V. À. V, KR. 

Arcypteris. —Stipites usque ad 8 cm. longi vel longiores, cum rhachide 
costisque obscure fusci, fere nigro-brunnei, parce fusco-squamulosi, postice 
parce fibrillosi, glabrescentes, antice dense castaneo-glanduloso-fibrillosi. 
Frondes oblongae, + 27!/}, cm. longae et 12!/, cm. latae, abrupte acuminatae, 


194 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





pinnatae. Pinnae firmiter herbaceae, glabrae; pinna terminalis late deltoidea, 
longitudine fere dimidium longitudinis frondis metiente et subaequilata, profunde 
pinnatifida, apice subulato-acuminata et subrepanda, lobis inferioribus sensim 
in pinnas superiores transientibus, infimis ad rhachidem breviter cuneatim 
decurrentibus; pinnae laterales + 5 utrinque; pinnae superiores majores, 
patentes, lineares, maximae + 8 cm. longae et basi subtruncata 2 cm. 
latae, infra apicem acute subulato-acuminatum fere !/, costam versus lobatae, 
basi antica anguste, postica late adnatae, breviter cuneatim decurrentes; 
pinnae inferiores conspicue abbreviatae, infimae brevissime petiolulatae, de- 
flexae, oblongae, breviter acuminatae, Lobi approximati, patentes, plus mi- 
nusve falcato-oblongi, obtusi vel obtusiusculi, subintegerrimi, praesertim ad 
basin parcissime ciliolati; venae in vivo indistinctae, in sicco distinctiores ; 
loborum venae superiores liberae, simplices vel furcatae, inferiores Pleo- 
cnemiaé more plus minusve anastomosantes; partis aliformis pinnarum 
venae Aspidii more copiose anastomosantes ; areolae irregulares, venis liberis 
paucis, brevibus, Sori suboblongi, demum rotundati, utroque latere venarum 
primariarum 1-seriati, superiores marginem approximati, ad venas venulasve 
liberas, inferiores ad venulas anastomosantes positi. 

The description is taken from a specimen cultivated in the Buitenzorg 
Gardens. + 

Sumatra: Deli, Sibolangit (W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN). 


Dictyopteris compitalis V. À. V.R. 

Arcypteris. — Planta magna, robusta. Truncus usque 50 cm. altus. 
Stipites cum rhachidibus pallide brunnei vel fusci, primum ferrugineo-furfuracei 
vel-velutini et squamulis filiformibus, subcrispatis, brunneis muniti, postremo 
olabrescentes, parte superiore stipitis hinc inde pinnis reductis, auriculifor- 
mibus munita. Frondes stipite incluso 2—3 m. longae, abrupte acuminatae, 
parte inferiore profunde 3-pinnatifidae, basi 4-pinnatifidae. Pinnae infimae 
non-reductae «maximae, ascendentes, usque 70 cm. longae vel longiores, 
petiolatae, remotae, patentes vel horizontales, copiose pinnatae. Pinnulae 
papyraceae, subsessiles, supra glabrae, subtus ad costas venasque appresso- 
pilosulae, pilis brevibus, fibrilliformibus, partim persistentibus, partim deciduis, 
is costarum squamulis minutis, brunneis, sparsis, deciduis intermixtis; 
pinnulae superiores lineares, pinnatifidae, lobis subremotis, oblongis, sub- 
falcatis, usque 3 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, integerrimis vel subintegerrimis, 
obtusis; pinnulae infimae anticae pinnarum infimarum profunde pinnatifidae 
vel-partitae, usque 10 cm. longae et 2 cm. latae, lobis (in plantis juvenilibus) 
is pinnularum superiorum similibus vel (in plantis adultis) elongatis, usque 
1 cm. longis, 3 mm. latis, repando-crenatis; pinnulae inferiores posticae 
pinnarum infimarum productae, petiolulatae, usque 40 cm. longae parte 
inferiore profunde 2-pinnatifidae, foliolis pinnulis superioribus similibus. 
Lobi sinu obtuso, denticulo minuto munito separati; venae superiores 
simplices vel plerumque furcatae, medianae et inferiores Pleocnemiae more 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12.77 195 





anastomosantes, utrinque latere costarum et partis inferioris costularum 
areolas 1- vel interdum 2-seriatas formantes. Sori inter costam marginemque 
mediani, superiores ad apices ramulorum venarum furcatarum et mediani 
inferioresque ad venas anastomosantes positi. 

Sumatra: Deli, near Bandar-baroe,in secondary forest, alt. 800 m. 
(J. A. LüRZING Nos. 6378 [type], 6380, 24 April 1919). 


Diplazium dolichosorum COPEL. in Philipp. Journ. Sci. IC, Supplem. 
151; V. A. V.R., Mal. Ferns 417. 

Var. aculeolatum: Stipites cum parte inferiore rhachidum primariae 
secundariarumque spinulis multis, brevibus, acutis, fragilibus aculeolatae. 
Pinnulae firmiter herbaceae. 

Mernate: North. Foramadiahi, in forest, alt. 1350 .m..(V..M. À. 
BEGUIN No. 1490, 9 March 1921). 


Diplazium cardiomorphum V. À. V.R. 

Eudiplazium. — Rhizoma breve, erectum Stipites fasciculati, 7!/,—15 cm. 
longi, specie decidue et brevissime fibrillosi, basin versus distincte sed non 
copiose, ceterum parcissime squamosi; squamae basi peltata. rotundata 
subulatae, brunneae, acute et longe acuminatae, subcrispatae, minute 
dentatae, dentibus saepe patentissimis et apice 2-fidis, denticulis paten- 
tissimis, decurvatis. Frondes coriaceae, glabrae, ovato-, oblongo- vel 
obovato-cordatae, apicem plus minusve abrupte et breviter acuminatum 
versus serrulatae, ceterum inteserrimae, lobis posticis plerumque costula 
brevi munitis; costa supra cristis angustissimis, elevatis canaliculata, inter 
cristas brevissime brunneo-fibrillosa, subtus prominens, decidue fibrillosa ; 
venae venulaeque patentes, parallelae; venulae 2—3 utrinque, apicibus 
conspicue fusiformi-incrassatis et incurvatis. Sori ad venulas; indusium 
brunneum. 

The description is taken from a young, sparingly soriferous spe- 
cimen. Resembles at first sight D. corditolium BL, which, however, 
differs in having the. veins anastomosing in the outer half of the 
frond, with the vein tips not thickened, not upcurved, except when 
united with the next higher vein tip, all connected by a thickened mar- 
ginal strand. 

Java: Mt. Boerangrang, Pasir Limoes, in forest near water 
side, alt. 1000 m. (R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK, No. 4459, 23 July 1920); 
Tjisalak, Tjingèntjah, in forest, alt. 600 m. (R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN 
DEN BRINK, F. No. 662, 22 December 1920). 


Diplazium apatelium V.A.V.R. 

Eudiplazium. — Stipites firmi, glabri, pallide brunnei, basi fusci. 
Frondes stipite incluso usque 2 m. longae, profunde 3-pinnatipartitae; rhachis 
pallide brunnea, glabra (glabrescens?). Pinnae patentes vel subhorizontales, 


196 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE I, VOL. V:'EIVRIe: 








usque 50 cm, longae, acuminatae; rhachis pallide brunnea, certe subtus de- 
cidue, pallide ferrugineo-fibrillosa. Pinnulae tenues, glabrae, paullo remotae, 
superiores ascendentes, late adnatae, sequentes sensim horizontales et brevi- 
ter petiolulatae, e basi lata, truncata lanceolatae; pinnulae maximae usque 
10 cm. longae et 2!/, cm. latae, infra apicem longe acuminatum serratum- 
que profunde pinnatipartitae; costa subtus pallide ferrugineo-fibrillosa. 
Segmenta paullo remota, sinu obtuso vel truncato separata, ala costali angus- 
tissima connata, horizontalia vel subhorizontalia, serrulata vel dentata vel 
maxima lobata; segmenta maxima lineari-oblonga, usque 12 mm. longa et 
4 min. lata, apice obtusa, acute serrulata; venae +6 utrinque, obliquae, 
superiores simplices, ceterae furcatae vel infimae parce pinnatae. Segmenta 
ultima (lobi dentesve) obliqua, apice 2—4-serrulata. Sori brevissimi, sub- 
oblongi, ad basin venarum positi, infimi antici costam contingentes ; indusium 
rudimentare, tenuiter membranaceum. 

The indusium is hardiy detectable, consisting of 2-4 ciosely placed, 
fimbriate squamules hidden under the sorus even when young. 

Ternate: North Foramadiahi, in open forest, alt. 1400 m. (]. 
A. LORZING No. 1506, 11 March 1921). 


Diplazium subpolypodioides V. À. V.R., Bull. Btz. XX (1915), 11; Mal. 
Ferns & All. Supplem. |, 273, 

BüNNEMEIJER’S No. 8586 from Mt. Koerintji, consisting of several 
complete specimens, resembies very much MATTHEW'S old, incomplete 
plant on which this species has been founded. — BüNNEMFIJER’S plants 
have the general aspect of D. polypodioides BL., and are distinguished as 
follows: Stipes when young very copiousiy scaly towards the base, less 
so towards the apex; scales deciduous subulate from a slightly tuberculiform, 
persistent base, fuscous, entire or sparingly denticuilate, the lower the 
largest, the higher growing graduailly shorter. Fronds with the rhachises 
sparingly asperulous by the persistent, hardly elevated, subtuberculiform 
bases of fallen scales. Largest pinnulae of the smaller plants subsessile or 
shortly petiolulate, about 6 cm. long by 1!/, cm. broad, with the lobes 
3 mm. broad; costa beneath sparingly squamulose, glabrescent. Sori 
short, occupying at best the lower half of the veins. 


Diplazium permirabile V. À. V.R. 

Auisogonium. -— D. prolifero THOUARS affine, sed squamis stipitum 
copiosis, longissime stipitatis. 

Caudex to + 30 cm. high Stipes to + ! m. long, when fresh dark- 
grey-brown or ferrugineous, when dry dirty-brown or fuscous, copiousiy 
scaly throughout; scales linear-subulate from a peltate-cordate base, brown, 
black-margined, minutely, horizontally 2-fisso-denticulate, each scale borne 
où ‘the apex of à horizontally spreading, soft, flexible, spiniform protuber- 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 197 
ance often longer than the scale itself (fig. a). Fronds large, to 2!}, m. 
long, the rhachis smooth and naked, or 
scaly like the stipe, pale- to fuscous- 
brown when dry, 2—3:sulcate. Pinnae 
thin and flaccid or subcoriaceous, some- 
what remote, the higher sessile, the 
lower more or less stalked, the largest 
15—35 cm. long, 5 — 10 cm. broad, 
acuminate, entire or serrate to lobed, 
the serratures or lobes entire or serrulate, 
the base rotundate-cuneate or abruptly 
and broadly cuneate to truncate-cordate ; 
main veins copious, to 36 on a side; veins oblique, 6 — 12 on each side of 
the main ones, all anastomosing regularly except those near the margin. Sori 
numerous, occupying all the veins except the higher ones and therefore not 
reaching the margin; indusium narrow, brown, asplenioid or here and there 
diplazioid; sporae sparingly, reticulately winged. 

In forest; alt. 500 — 1500 m. -- According to one of the labels a very 
beautiful, ornamental fern. 

Sumatra: West-coast, Mt. Talamau (H A.B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 
512, 28 April 1917); Mt. Singgalang (BüNNEMEIJER No. 2764, 29 May 1918); 
Mt. Malintang (BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 4314a, 4316, 5 August 1918); Mt. 
Koerintji (BüNNEMEIJER No. 8665, 9 March 1920); East-coast, Sibo- 
langit (J. A. LÔRZING No. 5562, 14 March 1918); Betimoes-valley 
(LÔRZING No 5577, 20 March 1918); Bandar-baroe (LÔÜRZING No. 7001, 
12 November 1020, the most distinguished specimen). 





Fig. a. 


Diplazium proliferum (LAM.) THOUARS, Flor. Tr. d’Ac. 35; V. A. V.R. 
Mal. Ferns 424; Supplem. I, 275; this Bull. XXVIIT (1918), 20.— Asplenium 
_ proliferum LAM., Enc. Il, 307. 

The Buitenzorg specimens, as far as still provided with scales, have 
the stipes slightly muriculate and scaly at the base, the scales sessile, 
linear-subulate, brown or fuscous, not black-margined, minutely, horizontaly, 
acutely 2-fisso-denticulate, entirelv deciduous or with a persistent, thickened, 
tuberculiform base; rhachis smooth and naked. 

Var. accedens. — D. accedens BL., Enum. PI. Jav. Il, 192: Like the type 
but the stipes spinulose throughout, the rhachis sometimes so, naked. 


Dryopteris auriculifera V. A. Vv.R. 

Lastrea. — Rhizoma breve, dense squamosum ; squamae lineari-subulatae, 
brunneae, decidue breviterque ciliolatae, acuminatae. Stipites + 50—60 cm. 
longi, pallide brunnei, in juventute dense breviterque pallide puberuli, postremo 
plus minusve glabrescentes. Frondes ovatae, + 50 cm. longae, acuminatae, 


198 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





pinnatae ; rhachis dense persistente breviter pallide puberula. Pinnae coriaceae 
sed non. rigidae, supra glabrae, subtus inter venas copiose minutissime 
decidueque puberulae et glandulosae; pinna terminalis elongato-deltoidea, 
basi profunde pinnatipartita, apicem versus sensim repanda; pinnae la- 
terales + 17 — 20 utrinque, lineari-lanceolatae, infra apicem sublonge 
acuminatum jintegerrimumque profunde pectinato-pinnatifidae, superiores 
sessiles, basi latissimae, inferiores distincte petiolatae, basi paullo angustatae ; 
pinnae maximae 13 cm. longae, 2 cm. latae; pinnae inferiores quam 
sequentes non vel vix breviores; petiolus cum costa supra sulcata et dense, 
pallide pubescens, subtus pilis vel setis longis, pallidis, acicularibus copiose 
munitus. Segmenta copiosa, patentissima, e basi paullo dilatata lineari oblonga, 
subfalcata, usque */, cm. longa, !/; cm. lata, apice obtusiuscula, margine 
leviter revoluta, integerrima, pro portione longe ciliata ; segmentum infimum 
anticum pinnarum inferiorum liberum, a sequenti remotum, + in medio petioli 
positum, minutissimum, oblongum , maxime 1—2 mm. longum; costa cum 
venis supra glabra vel parce, pallide setulosa, subtus non copiose setoso- 
pilosa; venae obliquae usque ad — 10 utrinque, simplices Sori ad venas 
inframediani; indusium membranaceum, pallide brunneum, indistincte glandu- 
losum et ciliolatum. 

Lingga Island: Mt Tanda, in forest, ait. 600 m. (H. A. B. BüN- 
NEMEIJER No. 6905, 21 July 1919). 


Dryopteris vinosicarpa V. À. V.R. 

Lastrea.—-Rhizoma repens. Stipites seriati, approximati, + 10-30 cm. 
longi, frondium fertilium quam sterilium longiores, in vivo sordide rubri, 
in sicco straminei vel pallide brunnei, deorsum glabrescentes, sursum cum 
rhachide pilis brevibus, curvatis, pallidis copiose muniti. Frondes subdi- 
morphae, elongato-ovatae, 20 —25 cm. longae, 7!/,—10 cm. latae, acuminatae. 
Pinnae chartaceae, glabrae; pinna terminalis deltoidea, apice subulata, acu- 
tiuscula vel obtusiuscula, integerrima, basin versus sensim profunde pinnati- 
partita, segmentis lineari-oblongis, obtusis, integerrimis; pinnae laterales 
= 6-7 utrinque; pinnae superiores in segmenta basales pinnae termi- 
nalis sensim transientes; pinnae  inframedianae maximae, brevissime 
petiolulatae, lineari-oblongae, + 31/,,— 41}, cm. longae, basi truncata 
vel subcordato-truncata 1}, cm. latae, margine infra apicem integerri- 
mum + usque ad !/, costam versus incisae; pinnae infimae paullo abbre- 
viatae, paullo longius petiolulatae, deflexae, basi plus minusve angustatae ; 
pinnae steriles confertae vel approximatae, apice triangulares, obtuse rotun- 
datae, pinnae fertiles remotae, apice triangulari-subulatae, obtusiusculae vel 
acutiusculae; costa costulaeque supra parce pilosulae, subtus plus minusve 
pubescentés, squamulis parvis, pallide brunneis et glandulis minutissimis, 
globosis, flavidis parce munitae, Lobi breviter oblongi, plus minusve cilio- 
lati, subfalcati, infimi horizontales, ceteri plus minusve obliqui, maximi 
3-4 min. lati, obtusi, integerrimi; venae usque ad 6 — 7 utrinque, sim- 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 199 
plices, infimae posticae a costa ortae. Sori ad venas mediani vel inframediani, 
inferiores divaricantes, infimi turmarum contiguarum approximati vel contigui; 
capsulae paraphysibus clavatis, longe stipitatis intermixtae, in vivo pallide 
vinosae; paraphyses in vivo obscure vinosae, in Sicco brunneo-rubrae: 
sporae cristis aliformibus, plus minusve reticulatis munitae; indusium minu- 
tum, rudimentare, cuneatum, apice rotundatum, integerrimum vel parce 
ciliatum, inter capsulas mox absconditum, deciduum. 

The description is taken from a specimen cultivated in the Buitenzorg 
Gardens. 

Sumatra: Bengkoelen, Lebong Tandaïi (C.J. BROOKS. 


>  Dryopteris megalocarpa V. A. V KR. 

Lastrea. — Rhizoma erectum. Stipites approximati, basi atri et longe 
pilosi, ceterum (cum rhachide) brunnei vel fusci, copiose breviter puberuli ; 
pili pallidi, flavidi vel rufi, longiores (basales) articulati, decidui, breviores 
(ceteri) non articulati, acuti, plus minusve persistentes. Frondes + 20 cm. 
longae, profunde 2-pinnatifidae, fertiles ad stipites longissimos. Pinnae 
herbaceae, inter venas glabrae, paullo remotae, sessiles, 5—7'/, cm. longae, 
1—1!}, cm. latae, infra apicem longe acuminatum, crenatum profunde 
pinnatifidae, basi profunde pinnatipartitae, interdum subpinnatae ; pinnae 
terminales, superiores centralesque basi latissimae, inferiores basi paullo 
angustatae; pinnae superiores ascendentes, centrales horizontales, inferiores plus 
minusve deflexae, non reductae ; costa copiose rufo-pubescens, postremo plus 
minusve glabrescens. Segmenta oblonga, approximata, subconferta, patentis- 
sima vel horizontalia, maxima 5-—7'/, mm. longa, 3 mm. lata, margine 
integerrima, subappresso-ciliolata, apice late rotundata; costula venaeque 
parce appresso-puberulae, mox glabrescentes; venae usque 4—6 utrinque, 
obliquae, simplices. Sori copiosi, majusculi, specie costulares (1. e. receptaculo 
subcostulari); indusium paillide brunneum, pilosum; sporae reticulato-alatae. 

Sumatra: Patjoer-batoe near Toba Lake rite; "Im IOrEst, 
alt. + 1400 m. (J. A. LüRZING No. 7134, 27 January 1920). 


? Dryopteris superficialis V. A. V. R., Bull. Btz. XX (1915), 12; Mal. 
Ferns & All. Supplem. 1, 155. 

Rhizome short. Stipes approximate. Fronds 75— 135 cm. long. Pinnae 
2-31}, cm. broad, the lower stalked, with the stalk winged by the nar- 
rowly cuneate, dentate base of the pinna, the lowest whether or not 
somewhat reduced ; suprabasal pinnae largest, 20-30 cm. long. Lobes straight 
or somewhat falcate, the largest with + 20 veins on a side; veins oblique, 
‘straight or slightly curved, the lower strongly upcurved from a subhori- 
zontal base, the lowest whether or not meeting in the sinus but not 
anastomosing. Spores provided with small, roundish, tuberculiform or short, 
irregularly ruguliform projections. 


200 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Ill, VOL. V, LIVR. 5: 





Also in Sumatra: Deli, Sibolangit, in forest, alt. 350 m. (J. A. 
LôRZING No. 6338, 17 March 1919). 


Dryopteris purpurascens (BL) CHRIST in Philipp. Journ. NEA 
V. À. V. R., Mal. Ferns 201; Supplem. I, 168.— Aspidium purpurascens BL.,, 
Enum. PI. Jav. Il, 169. 

When the plants occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium under the 
name of D. purpurascens CHRIST are correctly determined, this species is 
either variable with very different ultimate forms united by intermediates 
that are more or less agreeing with one ofthe ultimates or it is a so-called : 
collective species”, which may be spliced into several distinct though related 
species different in aspect. Our Buitenzorg specimens are distinguished 
as follows: Main rhachis like the upper part of the stipe, pale-brown to 
castaneous, smooth or punctate- to verruculose-asperulous by the persistent 
bases of fallen scales: divisions (principal and partial) contiguous to remote, 
shortly acuminate to caudate, with the largest ultimate segments contiguous 
to remote, ascending or horizontal, sessile or shortly petiolulate, linear- 
oblong to subrhomboidal, entire or crenate, serrate or dentate to lobate- 
sinuate; veins oblique, 3 — 6 on a side in the largest ultimate segments, 
simple, forked or even sparingly pinnate; sori small to relatively large; 
spores when ripe provided with reticulated winglike crests. 


Dryopteris tabacicoma VA -V. R°,:BulltBtz, XVP(LO TA) EEE 
Ferns & AIL Supplem. I, 172. 
Spores probably provided with reticulated wing-like crests. 


Dryopteris subalpina V. À. V. KR. 

Nephrodium.— Rhizome probabiliter breve vel erectum. Stipites 30— 
35 cm. longi, cum rhachide pallide fusci, dense pallideque puberuli; pili 
stipitum + cecidui, rhachidum persistentes; pili postici minutissimi, piiis 
paullo longioribus intermixti, pili antici paullo longiores, setis longiusculis, 
acutis intermixti. Frondes lanceolato-ovatae, pinnis inferioribus abrupte 
reductis exclusis 60—70 cm. longae, 22!/,—27!/, cm. latae, acuminatae; 
rhachis subtus ad basin pinnarum glandulis (aërophoris) distinctis, elevatis, 
tuberculiformibus munita. Pinnae herbaceae, subremotae, sessiles, supra inter 
venas parce, breviter appresso-pilosae, subtus copiose, minutissime flavido- 
oloboso-glandulosae; pinnae superiores patentes; pinnae inframedianae 
maximae, + horizontales; pinnae inferiores non-reductae deflexae; pinnae 
maximae e basi subtruncata lineari-lanceolatae, 1!/,—2 cm. latae, infra apicem 
sensim acuminatum, integerrimum vel subintegerrimum + */, costam versus 
incisae; pinnae reductae remotae, “/, partem superiorem stipitum occu- 
pantes, superiores parvae, subauriculiformes, inferiores minutissimae, 


Il 


costa supra + pallide hirsuta, subtus minute, pallide puberula. Lobi 





VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 201 





patentes, subremoti, lineari-oblongi, subfalcati, usque 10 mm. longi et 
3 mm. lati, obtusi, integerrimi, infimi subhorizontales; costa supra parce 
pallide setulosa, subtus pallide appresso-puberula ; venae usque 8 -10 utrinque, 
simplices, infimi solum anastomosantes. Sori parvi, ad venas infimas infra- 
mediani vel ad omnes venas positi et superiores ad venas mediani vel 
supramediani; indusium persistens, brunneum, glabrum vel parce puberulum. 

Hernate: NortheForamadiahi,.'in. forest. alt. 1200 m. (V. M. 
A. BEGUIN No. 1496, 9 March 1921). 


2  Dryopteris plurifolia V. À. V.R. 

Nephrodium.— Caudex erectus, 20—30 cm. altus, foliis 6—10 munitus. 
Stipites 40 —80 cm. longi, cum rhachide pallide brunnei et dense, minute 
puberuli. Frondes ovato-lanceolatae, usque 90 cm. longae vel longiores, 
rhachide subtus ad bases pinnarum aërophoris elevatis munita. Pinnae 
herbaceae, supra (praesertim ad venas) setulis brevibus longisque, pallidis 
munitae, subtus (venis exceptis) glabrae, lineari-lanceolatae, sessiles, acu- 
minatae, infimae non-reductae maximae, 17!/,—25 cm. longae, 2—3!/, cm. 
latae, profunde pinnatifidae, basin versus angustatae; pinnae steriles longis- 
simae latissimaeque, approximatae, segmentis confertis; pinnae fertiles 
brevissimae angustissimaeque, segmentis + remotae; pinnae reductae 
remotae, fere usque ad basin stipitum productae, superiores auriculiformes, 
inferiores sensim glanduliformes; costa supra setulis brevibus longisque, 
pallidis, acutis copiose hirsuta, subtus (cum costulis venisque) dense, pallide 
appresso-pubescens. Segmenta patentia, lineari-oblonga, levissime falcata, 
integerrima, appresso-ciliolata, obtusa; segmenta sterilia usque 15 mm. longa, 
5 mm. lata, basi paullo dilatata; segmenta fertilia usque 9 mm. longa, 
21}, mm. lata, basi distinctius dilatata; venae in segmentis maximis 11-—13 
utrinque, ascendentes, simplices, hinc inde furcatae, infimae tantum ana- 
stomosantes. Sori ad venas omnes mediani, contigui inferiores divaricati; 
indusium in juventute conspicue purpureo-brunneum, parce puberulum. 

Near 1). heterocarpa O. KTZE, which, however, has both barren and 
fertile pinnae equal or nearly equal in size, placed on slight increasings of 
the rhachis but without aërophores at the base, and the indusium seemingly 
not purplish when young. 

Sumatra: Deli, Bandar-baroe, in secondary forest, alt. 800 m- 
(J. À. LÔRZING No. 6393, 24 April 1919, intermixed with D. heferocarpa 
C'IKRTZE). 


Dryopteris cyrtocaulos V. A. V.R. 

Nephrodium.— Stipites + 30 -75 cm. longi, pallide fusci, parte inferiore 
glabrescentes, aërophoris longitudinaliter elongatis, depressis et basibus 
persistentibus, tuberculiformibus squamarum decessarum  asperi, dimidia 
parte superiore pinnis remotis, pluribus, alternantibus, abrupte et valde 


202 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 








reductis, auriculiformibus muniti, ceterum cum rhachide dense puberuli, pilis 
pallide brunneis, partim persistentibus. partim deciduis, anticis quam posticis 
longioribus. Frondes ovato-lanceolatae, pinnis reductis exclusis T 40—75 
cm. longae, subabrupte acuminatae; rhachis subtus ad bases pinnarum glandulis 
(aërophoris) solitariis, elevatis, tuberculiformibus, fragilibus munita. Pinnae 
multae, herbaceae vel firmiter papyraceae, utrinque copiose puberulae, patentes, 
sessiles; pinnae inframedianae maximae, lineares, 10—17!;, cm. longae, basi 
truncata vel cuneato-truncata 2—3 cm. latae, margine */,—*/, costam versus 
incisae, apice acuminatae; pili pallidi; pili antici persistentes; pili antici 
parenchymatis copiosi sed non densi, appressi, breviusculi, pili antici costae 
densi, longiusculi, ascendentes, acute setiformes; pili postici brevissimi 
parenchymatis sparsi, glandulis minutissimis, subglobosis, flavidis, deciduis 
intermixti, caduci, costae costularum + densi, persistentes. Lobi patentissimi 
infimi saepe horizontales, lineari-oblongi, saepe subfalcati, integerrimi, obtusi, 
margine in sicco recurvati; lobi maximi */,—1'/, em. longi, 2—4 mm. lati; 
lobi fertiles quam steriles breviores et angustiores; venae usque ad 8—11 
uirinque, simplices vel interdum furcatae; venae infimae anastomosantes, 
plantarum majorum sequentes apicibus saepe breviter contiguae vel in sinu 
confluentes. Sori saepe venas omnes occupantes, marginem quam costulam 
magis approximati; indusium firmum, persistens, brunneum, breviter pube- 
rulum; sporae dense, graciliter echinatae. 

This species is represented in BüNNEMEIJER's collection by 3 numbers. 
The largest specimen, destitute of its rhizome but with the most distinetly 
recognizable characteristics, has the pinnae somewhat dimorphous, i. e. the 
barren pinnae are more approximate, somewhat shorter and broader and 
shorter-acuminate than the fertile ones, with the lobes closer; the smaller 
specimens have an erected rhizome, the characteristics less conspicuous, 
and the barren and fertile pinnae less unequal in shape and dimensions. — 
No. 9022 is the largest specimen. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji. in forest, alt. 2100-2300 m. (H. A.B. 
BÜNNEMEIJER Nos. 9927, 0923, 10190, 1—6 May 1920). 


Dryopteris dicranogramma V. A. V. R. 

Nephrodium. — Stipites 45 — 55 cm. longi, pinnis abrupte, valde reduc- 
tis, tuberculiformibus, remotis, 2-seriatis muniti, parte inferiore brunnei, 
decidue ferrugineo-furfuracei, dense puncticulato-asperuli et spinulis brevibus, 
acutis, castaneis copiose aculeolati, parte superiore glabri (glabrescentes ?), 
cum rhachide primaria pallide brunnei et parce muriculati. Frondes lanceo- 
lato-ovatae, 50—70 cm. longae, 25—30 cm. latae, abrupte acuminatae; 
rhachis primaria subtus ad bases pinnarum glandulis (aëérophoris) altis, curvato- 
subuliformibus (hamatis) munita, primum (cum costis costulisque) probabiliter 
pilis setuliformibus, flavidis vel rubris ornata, mox glabra. Pinnae coriaceae, 
vlabrae, numerosae, paullo remotae, plus minusve patentes, superiores ses- 
siles, medianae inferioresque subpetiolulatae ; pinnae inframedianae maximae, 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 203 
lineares, usque ad 15 — 17!/, cm. longae, basi truncata 1!/, — 1#/, cm. latae, 
margine !/,—!/, costam versus incisae, apice sensim acuminatae et ser- 
rulatae; pinnae normales inferiores basi paullo angustatae; costa supra 
prominens, sulcata, glabra, subtus prominens, ad bases costularum inferiorum 
medianarumque glandulis parvis, conicis munita. Lobi numerosi, contigui, 
obliqui, suboblongi, subcucullati, 3 — 4 mm. lati, integerrimi, obtusi (mar- 
ginibus valde recurvatis specie acuti); venae usque ad 8 — 10 utrinque, 
pro portione crassae, supra valde distinctae, 4 — 5 inferiores anastomosantes. 
Sori usque ad 8 utrinque, contigui, dispositi in formam litterae \/, i.e. 
superiores saepe subcostulares, ceteri sensim divergentes, infimi turmarum 
contiguarum confluentes; indusium mox in fragmentas rumpens, in juventute 
probabiliter pilis setiformibus, rubris ciliatum ; Ssporae dense, minute echinatae. 
— Rhizoma non vidi, probabiliter breve. 

À very remarkable species resembling at first sight D. cucullata CHRIST. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, alt. 2400 m. (H. A. B. BüNNE- 
MEIJER No. 10454, 10 May 1920). 


Dryopteris perrigida V. À. V.R, Bull. Btz. XVI (1914), 27.- Phegopteris 
perrigida V.A.V.R., l.e.; Mal. Ferns & AI. Supplem. {, 317. 
Nephrodium.— Indusium present, very small, rudimentary. 


* Dryopteris urophylla (WALL.) C. CHR, Ind. Fil. 299; V. A. v.R. Mal. 
Ferns 216; Supplem. I, 177, 503. 

Var. peraspera: Pinnae ubique subdense verruculosae, basi truncatae, 
margine subintegerrimae vel serrulato-crenatae, venis secundariis minus 
copiosis; sori indusio setuloso. 

New Guinea near Pionier Bivak, in forest, alt. 10 m. (H. J. LAM 
Nos. 666, 677, 17— 20 July 1920). 


Dryopteris tandikatensis V. A.V.R., Bull. Btz. XI (1913), 11; Mal. 
Ferns & AÏL Supplem. 1, 178, 503.—2D. urophylla C CHR. var. Z'eysmannii 
V. À. V.R., Bull. Btz. XXVIII (1918), 24. 


Elaphoglossum dolichaulon V. A. V.R. 

Aconiopteris. — Rhizoma breviter repens; squamae ovatae, in juventute 
pallide brunneae vel flavido-brunneae, acutae vel acuminatae, integerrimae 
vel subintegerrimae, postremo obscurae, obtusae, deciduae. Stipites pro ra- 
tione longi, 4 — 6 vel plerumque 7 — 11 cm. longi, glabri vel (cum costa 
subtus) parce ovato-squamulosi. Frondes coriaceae, supra glabrae, subtus 
squamulis minutissimis, rotundatis, subfimbriatis, deciduis, sparsis munitae, 
oblongo- vel lanceolato-ovatae, 4!/, — 6!}, cm. longae, 1!/, — 2!/, cm. 
latae, apice sensim acuminatae, margine subcartilagineae, in sicco leviter 
revolutae, basi in frondibus pro ratione brevibus latibusque abrupte cuneato- 
acuminatae, in frondibus pro ratione longis angustisque sensim acuminatae, 


204 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE IE, VOL. V, LIVR: 3: 





subdecurrentes; costa distincta; venae copiosae, graciles, simplices vel 

furcatae, in sicco leviter prominentes. Frondes steriles fertilesque subsimiles. 
Near E. angulatum MOORE and perhaps a local derivative of it 
Java: Besoeki, Jang Mounts, very dry ground on slope of the 

Walirang-crater, alt 3050 m. (J. JESWIET No. 348, 24 October 1913). 


Elaphoglossum angulatum (BL.) MOORE, Ind. 5; V.A.V.R., Mal. Ferns 
713; Supplem. |, Corr., 59. — Acrostichum angulatum BL. Enum. Plant. Jav. 
ULO1: 

Also in Sumatra (Mt. Koerintji, H. À.B. BüNNEMEIJER Nos 9852, 
10038), Luzon (Benguet, Pauai, R. C. MCGREGOR, Bur. of: Sci, 
No. 8384, received under the name of Æ. laurifolium MOORE), Ceylon 
(G. WALL No. 10500, received under the name of Acrostichum conforme 
SW.). — BüNNEMEFIJER'Ss Sumatran specimens are small, with the stipes 
11/3190 cmt tlong; tand ‘the tfrondse 5 — 20: cm: long by 181420 0me 
broad. 


Gleichenia linearis (BURM.) CLARKE in Frans. Linn Soc. Il, Bot. I, 
428; V. A.V.R., Mal. Ferns 59, 795; Supplem. I, 83 — 85. — Polypodium 
lineare BURM. Flor. Ind. 235, tab. 67, fig. 2. 

Var. crassifrons: Var. rigidae affinis. — Segmenta ultima minus rigida, 
subremota, subtus glabra, haud numerosa, linearia vel lineari oblonga, 
relative lata, margine anguste recurvata, apice lobulato-emarginata, lobulis 
minutis, obtusis, sinu angusto separatis; venae distinctae, in sicco supra 
prominentes; sori capsulis magis numerosis. 

Ternate: North Foramadiahi, on petrified lava at border of 
crater, alt. 1500 m. (V. M. A. BEGUIN No. 1501, 11 March 1921). 

Var. bidentata: Var. rividae affinis. — Segmenta ultima minus rigida, 
subremota, subtus in juventute ad costulam tomentosa, mox glabrescentia, 
numerosa, linearia vel lineari-oblonga, relative angusta, margine plus minusve 
conspicue recurvata, apice 2-dentata, dentibus subacutis, plerumque sinu 
rectangulari separatis; venae distinctae, in sicco supra prominentes; sori 
capsulis magis numerosis. 

Lingga: Mt. Bakong, border of jungle, alt. 10. m. (H. A. B. BÜNNE- 
MEIJER No. 7617, 19 August 1919), Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe 
Bintan, Mt. Bintan, in forest, alt. 350 m. (H. À. B. BÜNNEMEIJER No. 6182, 
13 June 1919); Poeloe Karimon, Mt. Djantan, road side in jungle, 
alt. 40 m. (H. A.B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 7881, 7 September 1919). 


Gleichenia hispida METT.; KUHN in Verh. zool. bot. Ges. XXV, 600; 
Vs AVSR;; Mal. Fetms:61, 

Ultimate segments to 4 cm. long in the fully developed plant. 

Also in Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, river side in forest, alt. 2200 m. 
(H. À. B. BüNNEMFIJER No. 9915, 1 May 1920). 





VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12.205 





Hemitelia rudimentaris V. À. V.R. 

Amphicosmia. — Stipites 50 cm. longi vel forsitan longiores, in speci- 
mine esquamosi, in sicco pallide fusci, in juventute ferrugineo-furfuracei, 
basin versus aculeolati, apicem versus cum rhachide muricati, spinulis bre- 
vibus, acute conicis, ceterum cum rhachide inter spinulas puncticulato-asperuli. 
Frondes ovato-oblongae, 110 — 120 cm. longae, acuminatae; rhachis supra 
cum rhachidibus secundariis 3-sulcata, pilis castaneis hirsutula, subtus glabra, 
in juventute probabiliter ferrugineo-furfuracea, Pinnae multae, cum rhachide 
pseudo-articulatae, superiores ascendentes, sessiles, parvae, profunde pinna- 
tipartitae, sequentes horizontales vel subhorizontales, breviter petiolatae, 
2-pinnatipartitae, acuminatae, inframedianae maximae, 2 35 cm. longae; 
rhachis subtus punctis minutis, acute tuberculiformibus asperula. Pinnulae 
multae, firmiter herbaceae, glabrae; pinnula terminalis deltoidea, basin versus 
profundissime remoteque pinnatipartita; pinnulae laterales cum rhachide 
articulatae, superiores parvae, ascendentes, sessiles, in lobos infimos pin- 
nulae terminalis sensim transientes, sequentes + horizontales, brevissime 
petiolulatae, lineari-oblongae, infra apicem sensim serrato-dentatum, acumi- 
natum pinnatipartitae, medianae vel inframedianae maximae, fere 6 cm. 
longae, usque 1!'/, cm. latae, basi subtruncata paullo angustatae; costa 
supra subcastaneo-hirsutula, subtus squamulosa, squamulis lanceolatis, brun- 
neis, subintegerrimis. Lobi patentes, approximati, lineari-oblongi, obtusi, 
serrulato-denticulati, mediani maximi, 6 mm, longi, 2 mm. lati; costula 
subtus glabra vel parce, minutissime squamulosa, squamulis bullatis, rufis, 
acuminatis; venae usque 10 utrinque, furcatae, superiores simplices. Sori usque 
7 utrinque, conferti, ad venas inframediani, venas superiores non occupantes ; 
capsulae paraphysibus fibrilliformibus intermixtae; indusium rudimentare, 
minutissimum, vix Cconspicuum, brunneum, irregulariter fimbriato-lobulatum. 

Near FH. latebrosa METT. 

Lingga: Panggak, in forest, alt. 60 m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
No. 7057, 27 July 1919). 

Forma major: À forma typica differt dimensionibus omnibus majoribus. 
Stipites usque 100 cm. longi, in sicco rufo-brunnei. Frondes usque 150 cm. 
longae. Pinnae usque 50 cm. longae. Pinnulae usque 7'/, cm. longae, fere 
l'/, cm. latae, lobis usque 7 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, crenulato-serrulatis. 

Lingga: Resoen, border of forest, alt. 60 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
No. 6803, 18 July 1919). 


Humata attenuata V. A. V. KR. 

Euhumata. — Rhizoma longe repens, ramosum, squamosum; squamae 
confertae, suberectae, elongato-lanceolato-ovatae, castaneae, parce decidue 
ciliolatae, acuminatae. Stipites sparsi, 2!/,—71/, cm. longi, supra 2-marginato- 
canaliculati, cum costa subtus sparse squamulosi; squamulae minutae, acumi- 
nato-ovatae, brunneae. Frondes rigide coriaceae, glabrae, subdimorphae, e basi 
abrupte cuneato-subtruncata lineari-oblongae vel elongato-lineari-lanceolatae ; 


206 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOB: V, LIVRE 3: 








frondes steriles lineari-oblongae, 4-6 cm. vel plus longae, + 1 cm. latae, 
obtusae, apicem versus crenatae vel crenulatae, basin versus late lobato-crenatae 
vel lobatae, crenis integerrimis vel crenulatis, lobis crenulatis vel duplicato 
crenulatis; frondes fertiles longiores, usque 18 cm. longae, infra medium 
1*/, cm. latae, apicem obtusiusculum versus sensim angustatae, parte superiore 
late, oblique truncato-dentatae, parte inferiore lobatae vel pinnatifidae, lobis 
subhorizontalibus, confertis vel subremotis, transverse oblongis vel semior- 
bicularibus, maximis + !/, cm. longis, 1 cm. latis, apice rotundato-truncatis 
vel rotundatis et (cum apicibus dentium) subintegerrimis, repando-crenulatis, 
crenulatis vel duplicato-crenulatis ; costa supra prominens, subtus subprominens 
vel deplanata; venae in lobis maximis 3—4, furcatae vel duplicato-furcatae, 
venulis latis, deplanatis, subhorizontalibus. Sori in apicibus dentium lobo- 
rumque fertilium submarginales, minuti. 

The veins are placed in groups of 3--4 in the largest lobes, springing 
from the same point, the lowest of each group subhorizontal, the highest 
of each group with the lower half running along the costa, becoming 
oradually subhorizontal towards the apex, each of them once or twice 
forked, so that there are 8 —16 veinlets in the largest lobes. — Perhaps a 
local derivative of #7. angustata ]. SM.—Resembles in aspect superficially 
Asplenium attenuatum R. BR. (HK., Icon. PI, X, tab. 914: HK. & GREV., 
Icon. Fil., tab. 220). 

Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Toedjoeh, Mt. Ranai, in forest, 
alt. 700 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER No: 5829, 19 May 19190). 


Humata mutata V. A. V.R. 

Euhumata.— Rhizoma longe repens, ramosum; squamae copiosae, 
appressae, lanceolato-ovatae vel subulato-lanceolatae, brunneae, castaneae, 
subintegerrimae, longe acutae, postremo plus minusve deciduae. Stipites 
sparsi, 2-20 mm. longi, supra anguste 2-alato-canaliculati, glabri. Frondes 
rigide coriaceae, glabrae, e basi abrupte cuneata lineari-lanceolatae, 5—10 cm. 
longae, 1—2!/, cm. latae, lobatae ad pinnatifidae, apice acuminato, sterili 
crenulato, fertili serrulato. Lobi horizontales, conferti vel approximati, in 
frondibus minoribus semirotundi, in frondibus majoribus obtuse oblongi 
vel deltoideo-oblongi, mediani vel infimi maximi, 2—9 mm. longi, 2—5 mm. 
lati, steriles subintegerrimi, crenulati vel serrulati, fertiles minores repando- 
crenati, fertiles majores serrati vel dentato-serrati; costa supra prominens, 
subtus subprominens vel deplanata; venae primariae in lobis pinnatim 
ramosae; venae secundariae suberectae, latae, deplanatae. Sori parvi, submar- 
ginales, inter dentes solitarii.— Plantae juveniles frondibus minoribus, sterilibus 
subintegerrimis vel crenulatis, fertilibus irregulariter repando-crenatis, serratis 
ad lobato-dentatis. 

Perhaps a local derivative of #. angustafa J]. SM. 

Lingga Island: Mt. Tanda, in jungle, alt. 900 m. (H. A. B. 
BüÜNNEMEIJER No. 6900, 21 July 1919). 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 207 


Humata Gaimardiana (GAUD.) |. SM. in Lond. Journ. of Bot. 1, 425; 
V. A. V.R Mal. Ferns 286.— Nephrodium Gaimardianum GAUD, in FREYC. 
Voy. Bot. 335, tab. XII, fig. 1. 

This species is said to have the segments entire and the surfaces naked. 
The specimens, however, occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, have the 
fertile segments often, though not invariably, more or less distinctly repandulo- 
crenulate and it:seems that the young fronds have the under surface often 
covered with woollv hairs or squamules (47. lanuginosa V. À. V.R., this 
Bull:;411»1920,. 155). 


Humata sessilifolia (BL.) METT., Fil. Lips. 102; V. A. V. R. Mal. Ferns 
287.— Davallia sessilifolia BL., Enum. PI. Jav. IH, 231. 

Var. polypodioides. — /1. polypodioides BRACK., Expl. Exp., XVI, 228, 
tab. XXXII, fig. 1.— Specimens from Ternate (Foramadiahi, epiphytical 
in forest, alt. 650 m., V. M. A. BEGUIN No. 1431, 21 February 1921) have 
the fronds of the young. though fructiferous plants short-stalked, of the old 
plants long-stalked. 


Humata alpina (BL.) MOORE, Ind. XCIT; V. À. V.R. Mal. Ferns 290.— 
Humata repens DIELS var. C. CHR, Ind. Fil. 353, 354. — Davallia alpina BL. 
Enum. PI. Jav. Il, 231. 

Distinct enough when typical spécimens are shown but passing into 
H. vestita MOORE by intérmediates so gradually that it is very difficult 
to draw the precise line of demarcation. #/. bofrychioides BRACK. and 
_ other species belong probably to these intermediates. — See also RACIBORSKTS 
information under Davallia vestita BL. in Flor. Btz., |, 127. 


Hiumata squarrosa V. A. V.R., this Bull. I (1920), 156. 

The original specimen of this is not to my disposal since it belongs 
to a private collection, so that [ can not make comparisons with plants recently 
received from Sumatra (Deli, Bandar-baroe, in forest, alt. 850 m., 
J. A. LORZING No. 6897, 13 October 1919). — These plants have the rhizome 
scales not very finely acuminate, not conspicuously squarrose, the stipes 
15—25 cm. long, the fronds lanceolate- to deltoid-ovate, 20—40 cm. long, 
10—20 cm. broad, with the largest ultimate (tertiary) segments oblong, to 
+ 6 mm. long by 2!/}, mm. broad, finely crenulate to serrulate, and the 
sori often surpassed by an acute, horn-shaped toothlet. 


Humata immersa (WALL) METT, Fil Lips. 102; V. A. V. R. Mal, 
Ferns 2902. — Davallia immersa WALL. List No 256: C. CHR. Ind. 
Gil.':2n 1 

Also in Ternate: North Foramadiahi, in forest, alt.:1350m. 
(V. M. A. BEGUIN No. 1523, 13 March 1921). 








Hymenophyllum pleiocarpum V. A. V.R. 

Euhymenophyllum. - Rhizoma longe repens, subcrasse filiforme, ramo- 
sum, primum pilis rufo-brunneis, articulatis hirsutum, mox glabrescens. 
Stipites sparsi, 3—6 cm. longi, alati, imo decidue pilosi. Frondes firmiter 
membranaceae, glabrae, triangulari-ovatae vel -lanceolatae, 5—12!/, cm. 
longae, 3-6 cm. latae, 3-pinnatifidae, acutae, rhachidibus alatis; alae plus 
minusve crispatae, Pinnae contiguae, patentes vel inferiores horizontales 
deflexaeve, maximae oblongo-triangulares, Pinnulae contiguze, pinnatifidae. 
Lobi simplices vel interdum 2-fidi. Segmenta ultima oblonga vel lineari- 
oblonga, usque 4 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, indistincte crispatula, integerrima, 
apice rotundata vel emarginata; venae in segmentis solitariae, medianae. 
Rhachides cum costis venisque subtus fibrillis minutissimis, sparsis, furfuri- 
formibus munitae, demum glabrescentes. Sori in planta adulta numerosi, 
terminales axillaresque, saepe segmenta abbreviata et paullo angustata 
coronantes; indusium profunde 2-valvum; valvae quam segmenta latiores, 
late ovatae, rotundatae vel transversaliter oblongae, integerrimae vel obso- 
lete crenulatae; receptaculum breve latumque, plerumque subflabellato- 
cuneatum. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, epiphytical in forest, ait. 1900 —2400 m. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 9142, 9245, 9313, 23 March — 9 April 1920). 


Hymenophyllum lingganum V. A. V.R. 

Leptocionium. — Rhizoma longe repens, intricatum, subfiliforme, in 
juventute pilosum; pili pallide ferruginei, caduci. Stipites filiformes '/, — 1'/, 
cm. longi, cum rhachide primaria glabri vel parce pilosi. Frons firmiter 
herbaceae, glabrae, in sicco fuscae, ovato- vel lineari-oblongae, 4 — 8 cm. 
longae, 1!/, — 2'/, cm. latae, pinnatae; rhachis apicem versus plus minusve 
anguste alata, basin versus angustissime alata, potius marginata vel subnu- 
data. Pinnae ascendentes, subcontiguae, 8 — 16 utrinque, 1 — 2 cm. longae, 
rhachide alata. Pinnulae conspicue ascendentes, 2 — 4 utrinque, simplices 
vel furcatae. Segmenta ultima usque 8 mm. longa, ! mm. lata, margine 
plana vel vix crispata, subrevoluta vel -involuta, regulariter, munite serrulata, 
hic illic integerrima. Alae integerrimae. Sori ad lobos abbreviatos, subba- 
sales, anticos pinnarum vel pinnularum terminales; indusium ‘/; — !}, 
basin versus 2-valve, valvis triangularibus vel oblongo-triangularibus, inte- 
gerrimis vel apice obtuso ad subacuto minutissime crenulato-serrulatis, 
interdum distinctius crenatis, basi obconoideum, anguste alatum, extus parce 
spinulosum et (vel) cristulatum; receptaculum indusum, columnare. 

Lingga Island: Mt. Daïik, epiphytical in forest, alt. 300 m. (H. A. 
B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 6621, 12 July 1919). 


Hymenophyllum torricellianum V. A. V.R., Bull. Btz. XI (1913), 14; 
Mal. Ferns & Al. Supplem. I, 95. 
Texture firm-membranaceous; colour when dry fuscous. 





VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 209 


Hymenophyllum brevidens V. A.V.R., Bull. Btz. VII (1912), 20; Mal. 
Ferns & AI. Supplem. |, 96. 

Near the preceding, but the stipes much thicker, and the serratures 
of the ultimate segments much shorter; surfaces when dry fuscous. 


» Hymenophyllum Reinwardtii V. D. B. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. IV, 309; 
VeA: V. R. Mal. Ferns 80. 

Specimens gathered in Sumatra (Mt. Koerintji, H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
Nos. 0245b, 0633, 0762, 9826, 9910, 9980) are distinguished in having the 
fronds larger, to 25 cm. long, to 10 cm. broad, the ultimate segments 
plane or nearly so; sori often axillary, and the valves of the indusium 
varying from round to broadly ovate or transversely oblong, quite entire. 
(Forma integrivalve). 

H. J. LAMSs No. 1782 from New Guinea has the edges more 
conspicuously crisped than usual. 


Hymenophyllum sabinifolium BK., HK. BK. Syn. Fil. 71; V. À. V.R, 
Mal. Ferns 81. 

This species is unknown to me.—Plants gathered in Sumatra(Deli, 
near Bandar-baroe, epiphytical in forest, alt. 850 m., ]. A. LôRZING No. 
7010, 24 November 1919), which agree very well with BAKER'S diagnosis 
of this, are, however, distinguished in having the dimensions much smaller ; 
both stipes and fronds are at best 2'/, cm. long, and the latter roundish 
to deltoid, about as broad as long. The edges of the wings and segments are 
so strongly crisped that the relatively long, subulate-aristiform toothlets are 
spreading in various directions. 


Lindsaya cyathicola COPEL. in Philipp. Journ. of Sci. I€, Supplem. 
140/Mab.155ev. AVIR: Mal.:Ferns:263. 

A specimen received from Manila (Bur. of Sci, No. 32029; coll. 
J. K. SANTOS) is distinguished in having the stipes purplish at the very base 
only, for the rest brownish.or stramineous, as is the rhachis, the rhachis 
4-angular and more or less distinctly 4-sulcate, the leaflets with the 
lobes entire, or repandulo-crenulate at the truncate or rotundate-truncate 
apex, the sori mostiy uniting the apices of 2-3 veinlets of forked or 
3-furcate veins. 


Lindsaya hymenophyiloides BL., Enum. PI. Jav. Il, 218; V. A. V.R, 
Mal. Ferns 264. 

V. M. À. BEGUINS No. 1116 from Ternate(Foramadiahi) has the 
leaflets with the higher segments simple, the central and lower segments 
varying from once to twice forked, and the apices of the ultimate 
seements routnided. 


210 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





Lindsaya alpestris V. À. V.R. 

Eulindsaya.— Rhizoma repens, ramosum, subcrasse setaceum, mox 
glabrum, castaneum, nitidum, basibus persistentibus squamarum paucarum, 
sparsarum, parvarum, linearium, pallide brunnearum, caducarum subasperu- 
lum. Stipites sparsi, 4—8 cm. longi, glabri, nitidi, castanei vel sursum (cum 
rhachide) straminei. Frondes lineari-lanceolatae, simpliciter pinnatae, 12'/,—30 
cm. longae, 1!/,—2!/, cm. latae, utrinque sensim angustatae; rhachis qua- 
drangularis, supra conspicue, subtus vix canaliculata. Foliola herbacea, glabra, 
numerosa, inferioribus reductis exceptis contigua, obliqua; foliola mediana 
velinframediana maxima, triangulari-rhomboidea, subtrapezioidea, */,—1!/, em. 
longa, basi cuneata usque ad 6 mm. lata, margine inferiore recta vel leviter 
incurvata, margine superiore + !/, costam versus lobata, apice rotundata 
vel oblique rotundato-truncata. Lobi + 3—4, breviter lineari-oblongi, sinibus 
acutis separati, simplices vel 2-fidi, steriles apice rotundati vel rotundato- 
acuti, integerrimi, fertiles apice rotundati vel rotundato-truncati, saepe 
paullo dilatati, integerrimi vel apice irregulariter crenulato-denticulati; venae 
graciles. Sori in lobis infraterminales, ad apices verarum solitarii vel apices 
venularum (venarum furcatarum) jungentes; indusium angustum, extrorsum 
curvatum. 

Resembling at first sight the unbranched alpine form of Z. davallioides 
BL. but with the veins not anastomosing, and the sori remote from the 
apices of the lobes. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, epiphytical in forest, alt. 2106 m. (H. A. B. 
BüNNEMEIJER No. 9007, 1 May 1920). 


Lindsaya humilis KUHN; Ann. Mus. Bot. L.B. IV, 278; V.A.V.R, 
Mal. Ferns 268.— L. adiantoides ]. SM. in Journ. of Bot. HI, 415; HK. 
Spec. Ellh: 204, :ta5: EXI"C. 

This species has, according to the diagnosis and figure given by 
HOOKER, mentioned above, the stipe and rhachis black, the leaflets alternate 
except the opposite lower ones, the terminal leaflet elongate-oblong, incised 
on both sides, bluntish at the narrowed tip, the lower leafiets somewhat 
remote, 

The Buitenzorg Herbarium possesses no authentic material of this 
species but it has a plant from an unknown habitat, occurring under this 
name, agreeing very well with HOOKER'S figure; it has, however the stipe 
and rhachis stramineous, quadrangular. 

The Herbarium received under the name of L. adiantoides |. SM. a 
plant from the Philippines that agrees very well with the very incomplete 
diagnoses given by HOOKER, HOOKER and BAKER in Syn. Fil, 104, 
COPELAND in Polypod. Philipp. 62, but it differs absolutely from HOOKER's 
figure mentioned above, so that | am inclined to consider it as'a species 
different from this, supposing that HOOKER'S figure is correct. If I am right, 
| propose to call it: 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH : Malayan Ferns 12. 211 





Lindsaya tropidorachis V. À. V.R. 

Eulindsaya. — Rhizoma brevissime repens, squamulis minutis, ferrugi- 
neis, crispatulis. Stipites approximati, subcontigui, 4 — 5 cm. longi, cum 
rhachide castanei vel obscure brunneo-purpurei, glabri, triangulares, antice 
plus minusve concavi angulis acutis, lateraliter plani vel leviter convexi 
angulo postico graciliter acuteque carinato. Frondes lineari-oblanceolatae, 
16—20 cm. longae, 2—2'/, cm. latae, simpliciter pinnatae, apice obtusae, 
basin versus sensim angustatae. Foliola tenuia, pellucida, glabra, infra 
foliolum terminale cuneatum truncatum parvum copiosa, patentissima, 
subhorizontalia, opposita, subsessilia, centralia superioraque approximata 
vel contigua, inferiora sensim reducta et valde remota, infima late rotundato- 
cuneata; foliola centralia maxima, triangularia, usque 1'/, cm. longa, basi 
6 mm. lata, apice subacuta ad recte vel oblique truncata, margine inferiore 
recta vel apicem versus leviter sursum curvata, margine superiore '/3—"/; 
incisa. Lobi 3—4, breviter et late quadrangulares, apice truncati vel rotun- 
dato-truncati et minute eroso-denticulati; lobus terminalis interdum brevissime 
2-lobulatus: venae graciles, in lobis dupli- vel triplicato-furcatae. Sori in 
lobis terminales, apices ramulorum venarum conjungentes, transverse oblongi 
vel lineari-oblongi; sorus terminalis interdum interruptus ; indusium tenue, 
margine minute eroso-denticulatum. 

Resembles superficially L. cultrata SW. 

Luzon: Caramines, Paracale (M. RAMOS & G. EDANO, 
November/December 1918, Bureau of Science No. 33778). 


Lindsaya bullata V. A. V.R., Bull. Btz. XVI (1914), 20; Mal. Ferns & AII. 
Supplem. !, 206. 

BüNNEMEIJERS No. 9635a from Sumatra (Mt. Koerintji, alt. 
1900 m}) is a small or reduced (young?) form of this. It has the fronds 
with the base partly truncate, partly narrowed gradually. 


Lindsaya canaliculatipes V. À. V.R. 

Eulindsaya. — Rhizoma repens, intricatum, squamulis fibrilliformibus, 
castaneis vestitum. Stipites usque ad 1 cm. inter se remoti, 20 - 40 cm. 
longi, cum rhachide pallide brunnei vel fusci, glabri, obtuse quadrangulares, 
inter angulos distincte (antice distinctissime) canaliculati. Frondes 20 — 40 cm. 
longae, 2-pinnatae. Rami infra ramum terminalem 2-—5 utrinque; ramus 
terminalis lineari-lanceolatus, usque 25 em. longus, infra medium 1'/,-—27/, cm. 
latus, apicem longe acutum versus sensim angustatus, basi paullo angustatus ; 
rami laterales quam terminalis saepe breviores. Foliola membranaceo-her- : 
bacea, glabra, numerosa, approximata, subhorizontalia, subpetiolulata, 
rhomboideo-oblonga, + %/,—1'/,; cm. longa, duplo angustiora, margine 
inferiore recta vel saepe leviter curvata, margine superiore exterioreque 
lobulata (maxime '/, costam versus incisa), apice obtusa vel rotundata. 
Lobuli 3—4, apice rotundati vel subtruncati, integerrimi, retusi vel emar- 


212 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 








ginati. Venae in foliolis 3—4, simplices vel furcatae, marginem non attingentes. 
Sori in lobulis terminales, plerumque apices venularum venarum furcatarum 
conjugentes, breviter transverse oblongi vel magis transverse elongati; 
indusium subdavallioideum (basi lateribusque cum parenchymate affixum), 
margine integerrimum vel raro incisum. 

The best developed fronds have the leaflets provided on the upper 
side with bullate vaultings corresponding with the sori. 

Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Toedjoeh, Mt. Ranai, in forest, 
alt. 500-600 m. (H, À B. BüNNEMEIER Nos. 5835 & 5840, 19 May 1919.) 


Lindsaya parallelogramma V. A. V.R. 

Synaphlebium. — Rhizoma breviter repens, squamulis minutis, elongato- 
triangularibus, subfibrilliformibus, rufis vestitum. Stipites inter se !/,—1 cm. 
remoti, 10—15 cm. longi, cum rhachidibus specie acute quadrangulares, 1.e. 
feretes vel obtuse quadrangulares, angulis crista anguste aliformi acute 
marginatis, ceterum glabri, straminei ad brunnei, basi basibus persistentibus 
squamulorum fibrilliformium saepe asperuli. Frondes 2-pinnatae. Pinnae pro 
portione breves lataeque, infra pinnam terminalem certe 1—2 utrinque, 
subsessiles, 6—12 cm. longae, 2'/,—3 cm. latae, apice obtusae, acutae vel 
abrupte ad sensim, breviter ad longe acuminatae. Foliola tenuiter charftacea, 
olabra, in sicco pallide olivaceo-viridia, patentia vel subhorizontalia, sessilia, 
approximata, subparallelogrammiformia, maxima usque 1!/, cm. longa, 
l!, cm. lata, leviter decurvata, semifacie superiore basi grosse crenata (po- 
tius lobato-crenata), apice profunde incisa. Lobi (lobo terminali incluso) 
4—6, inferiores integerrimi vel parce crenati, superiores simplices vel apice 
2—3-fidi, minores transverse oblongi, majores lineari-oblongi vel lineari- 
cuneati; lobi laterales supremi quam terminales plerumque longioris, omnes 
apicibus rotundatis vel rotundato-subtruncatis; venae graciles. Sorti in 
lobulis subterminales, transverse oblongi, decurvati; indusium firmum. 

Near L. davallioides BL. 

Lingga Archipelago:. Poeloëe Singkep, Mi. FHkalos… 
forest, alt. 130 m. (H. A. B. BÜNNEMEIJER No. 7359, 7 August 1919). 


Lomagramma pteroides ], SM. in Journ. of Bot. III, 402; V. A. V.R,, 
BOIE 1000020) 158: BAUS FIK:- Gel. Fil. tab KCVTIM 

The specimens of this species and its varieties received from the 
Philippines have the scales of the stipes, rhachises and costae varying 
from grey to brown. — According to the plate mentioned above the sori 
have the capsules intermixed with. long-stalked, peltate paraphyses; the 
specimens of the Buitenzorg Herbarium, however, have the ripe sori res- 
titute of paraphyses, which may be due to age. 


Lomagramma melanolepis V. À. V. R. 
L. pteroideae J. SM. affinis. — Squamae rhizomatis, stipitum, rhachidum 
costarumque sparsae, nigrae vel obscure castaneae. Frondes steriles + 60 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 213 
em. longae; rhachis apicem versus anguste alata; ala ad basin pinnarum 
superiorum brevius vel longius dentiformi-auriculata. Pinnae flaccidae firmiter 
herbaceae, subapproximatae, sessiles, patentes, in sicco olivaceae, supra- 
medianae maximae, lineares, 12—13 cm. longae, 1*/,—2 cm. latae, integer- 
rimae vel apice acuminato, recto vel subfalcato remote subserrulato-crenulatae, 
basi obliquae et plus minusve inaequilaterae, rotundatae vel late rotundato- 
cuneatae; venae distinctae, pallidae (colore pinnarum). Frondes fertiles 
minores, usque ad 49 cm. longae, pinnis remotis, horizontalibus, contractis. 
Sori capsulis juvenilibus paraphysis longe stipitatis, peltatis copiose intermixtis. 

Fertile frond of the specimen on hand still young, with the pinnae 
5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad. 

Ternate: Foramadiahi, in forest, alt. 700 m. (V. M. A. BEGUIN 
No. 1114, 13 November 1920). 


Lygodium derivatum V. À. V, R. 

Eulygodium, — Petioli primarii brevissimi vel subnulli, fasciculo pilorum 
fibrilliformium, ruforum vel castaneorum muniti; petioli secundarii 2 —4 cm, 
longi, plus minusve decidue flavido-brunneo-puberuli, 2-marginati. Pinnae 
pinnatae, infimae maximae, usque 25 cm. vel plus longae lataeque; pinnae 
sequentes sensim minores, supremae maxime 10 cm. longae lataeque ; 
rhachis leviter flexuosa, cum petiolulis pinnularum anguste alata et decidue 
puberula. Pinnulae infra pinnulam terminalem solitariae vel plerumque 
1-2, saepissime 2 utrinque ; pinnula terminalis simplex, furcata vel 2-foliolata ; 
pinnulae sequentes pinnulae terminali similes ; pinnula infima furcata, 2-foliolata 
vel pinnata, foliolis infra foliolum terminalem simplex, furcatum vel 2-folio- 
latum 1 utrinque. Segmenta ultima (lobi, folioli) coriacea, glabra vel 
olabrescentia, lineari-lanceolata, obtusiuscula ad acuta, margine leviter recur- 
vata, crenulata, hic illic subintegerrima, basi utrinque subcordato- vel cuneatc- 
truncata vel antice anguste cuneata; segmenta pinnarum infimarum maxima, 
usque 15 cm. longa, 2 cm. lata, pinnarum sequentium sensim minoOra, 
pinnarum superiorum minima, 4—8 cm. longa, 4--8 mm. lata (fertilia spicis 
exclusis); costa basi haud nodosa; venae graciles, approximatae, apicibus 
venula spuria marginali, gracili unitae. Spicae in segmentis pinnarum 
superiorum, horizontales, confertae vel plus minusve remotae, usque 5 mm. 
longae; sporae ..... | , 

The spores of the material on hand were too young for examination. 
— Perhaps a local derivative of L. circinatum or L. flexuosum SW. 

Lingga: Resoen, border of forest, alt 70 m.(H A. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
No. 6808, 18 July 1919). : 


Lygodium salicifolium PR, Supplem. Tent. Pterid. 102; V.A.V.R, 
Mal. Ferns 113. 

Specimens gathered inthe Kangean Archipelago (Sepandjang 
and Paliat Islands, C. A. BACKER Nos. 28758, 28870, 29334) have the fully 


214 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. VS LIVRE. 3 





developed fronds with the leaflets thinly herbaceous, the largest leaflets to 
+ 15 cm. long, 3-foliolate with the ultimate basal leaflets about half as 
long, the terminal leaflets not rarely cordate at the base, and the longest 
spikes to 1 cm. long, 


Nephrolepis biserrata (SW) SCHOTT, Gen. Fil. ad tab. 3; V. A. V. R., Mal. 
Ferns 162. — Aspidium biserratum SW. in SCHRAD. Journ. 1800:,,32: 

Forma typica: Pinnae not auricled, or with an undeveloped, rather 
rudimentary auricle on the upper side or on both sides at the base. 

Forma aberrans: Pinnae sometimes provided with an exceedingly long 
auricle on the upper side at the base. 

Java: Meester Cornelis (C: À: BACKER). 


Oleandra oblanceolata COPEL. in Philipp. Journ. Sci. VII, 64; V.A.V.R., 
Mal. Ferns & All. Supplem. I, 132. 

A duplicate of MARY STRONG CLEMENS’ No. 11053, occurring in the 
Buitenzorg Herbarium, differs from COPELAND's diagnosis in having the 
fronds thinly chartaceous, nearly parchment-like, the costa beneath provided 
with 2 opposite rows of very minute, horizontal, subulate-triangular, dark- 
brown squamules, and the sori not close to the costa. 


Oleandra geniculata V.A.V.R., Mal. Ferns & AII, Supplem. |, 132. 

À specimen gathered by W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN (Java, Taloen, 
Pengalengan No. 2347) has the rhizome scandent, and the knee-tips 
provided with 3-—4 fronds (Forma plurifoliata). 


Oleandra Whitmeei BK. in Journ.of Bot. XIV,11; V.A.VR., Mal. Ferns 154. 

Rhizome scales partly persistent, partly deciduous, varying from yellow 
to pale- or dark-ferrugineous, the largest finely long-acuminate, entire or 
very obsoletely and remotely ciliolate. Stipes deciduously fibrillose and 
squamose, as is the costa, the scales similar to those of the rhizome, those 
of the costa placed on the under side, in 2 opposite rows. Fronds ciliolated 
with fine, short, articulated hairs. Sori with the indusium varying from 
yellow to ferrugineous. 

This completion is taken from specimens received from Samoa 
(Savai, REINECKE No. 157), Mindanao (Todaya, ELMER No. 11451) and 
Sumatra (Mt. Koerintji, BäNNEMEIER No. 10300). — Costal scales persis- 
tent in the Philippine and Samoan specimens, caducous in the Sumatran. 


Ophioglossum pumilum (RAC) V. A. V. R., Mal Ferns 774; Supplem. 
|, 453. — ©. moluccanum SCLECHT. forma pumila RAC. in Nat. Tidschr. 
Nedi lid,; LIX; 1237 dal lg. 2-3: 

Specimens gathered in Sepandjang Island (Kangean Archipe- 
lago, C. A. BACKER No. 28890) have some of the barren segments 
more elongated, cuneate-obovate, to 2 cm. long, */, cm. broad. 





VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 215 





Phegopteris heterolepia V. A. V. R., Bull. B{z. XVI (1914), 23; Mal. 
Ferns & AI. Supplem. f, 310. 

Var. remota V, À. V.R,, L.c. 

Subvar. major: Planta major; stipites usque ad 1 m. longi; frondes 
longitudine stipites aequantes, 3-pinnatae; pinnulae ultimae lineari-oblongae, 
obtusae vel obtusiusculae, superiores vel minores basi late adnatae, margine 
late crenatae, inferiores vel majores basi truncata plus minusve anguste 
adnatae, margine usque ad !'}, costam versus late et obtuse lobatae; venae 
in lobis majoribus pinnatim ramosae; venulae + 2 utrinque, simplices vel 
furcatae. 

Sunatra tMtukoerintii: inuforest, alt:2100 ;:m.: (Fil: À. .B: 
BüNNEMEIER No. 9921, 1 May 1920). 


Plagiogyria pycnophylla (KZE.) METT. Farng. Il, Plag. 8; V. A. V.R,, 
Mal. Ferns 343. — Lomaria pycnophylla KZE. in Bot. Zeit. 1848, 143. 

Also in Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in secondary forest, alt. 2700 — 2900 
m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 10046, 10049, 10389, 4—9 May 1920). 


Pleocnemia Leuzeana (GAUD.) PR. Tent. Pterid. 184, tab. VII, fig. 12; 
V. À. V. R., Mal. Ferns 172.— Aspidium Leuzeanum KZE. in Bot. Zeit. 
(1846), 474; C. CHR. Ind. Fil. 79. — Polypodium Leuzeanum GAUD. in 
FREYC. Voy. Ur. Phys. Bot. 361, tab. VI. 

Pinnulae sessile or short-stalked, the simple ones to 10 — 15 cm. long, 
1, —3 cm. broad, lobed + i/,-way down to the costa, often provided 
with a small toothlet between each pair of lobes, the lowest posterior of 
the lowest pinnae commonly elongated, to + 25 cm. long, to 8 cm. broad, 
pinnate, with the leaflets similar to the higher pinnulae but generally 
smaller. Sori medial or more commonly supramedial on the veins. 

Forma maxima: Frondes stipite incluso usque 4 m. longae, valde 
copiose 3-pinnatifidae, pinnulis inferioribus posticis pinnarum infimarum 
valde elongatis, usque 75 cm. longis, usque 25 cm. latis, 

Sumatra: Deli, Sibolangit, in forest, alt. 350 m. (J. A. LÔRZING 
Nos. 6329, 6336, 5 — 17 March 1919). 


Pleocnemia porphyrocaulos V. A. V. R. 

Caudex brevis, non arborescens. Stipites basi crassissimi, atro-purpurei, 
squamosi, ceterum decidue ferrugineo-villoso-furfuracei; squamae crebrae, 
longe et anguste lineari-subulatae, rufo-fuscae, minute denticulatae, dentibus 
horizontalibus, saepe decurvatis. Frondes magnae, 3-pinnatae, basi sub-4- 
pinnatifidae ; rhachides costaeque brunneo-fibrillosae, plus minusve glabres- 
centes, Pinnae patentes, petiolatae, usque 135 cm. longae, Pinnulae sub- 
horizontales breviter petiolulatae, lineari-triangulares, usque 22'/, cm. longae, 
basi 5 cm. latae, acuminatae, maximae profunde pinnatifidae, basi pinnafae, 
segmentis remotis, integerrimis ad dentatis, obtusis; pinnarum infimarum 


216 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Il, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





(inferiorum ?) pinnulae infimae posticae productae, lanceolato-oblongae, usque 
35 cm. longae, 10 cm. latae, acuminatae, pinnatae, foliolis chartaceis, haud 
crassis, glabris, remotis, patentibus (subhorizontalibus), linearibus, usque 
5 cm. longis, 1!/, em. latis, acutis vel breviter acuminatis, profunde lobatis, 
basi profunde pinnatifidis, lobis patentibus (subhorizontalibus), paullo 
remotis, oblongis, usque 4 mm, longis, 2 mm. latis, obtusis, integerrimis 
vel crenulatis, sinu obtuso separatis; venae furcatae, in lobis longioribus 
areolas costales costularesque et in lobis brevioribus tantum areolas costales 
formantes. Sori ad venas mediani, !/,—?/, partem apicalem loborum occu- 
pantes, pro portione magni, contigui, costulam marginemque loborum 
contingentes; indusium brunneum, plus minusve persistens. 

Ternate: Foramadiahi, in forest, alt. 800 m. (V. M. A. BEGUIN 
No, 1123, 11 November 1920). 


Pleopeltis parvifrons V. A. V.R., Bull. Btz., Il (1920), 165. 

Specimens recently gathered by BüNNEMEIJER prove that the plants 
of the Buitenzorg Herbarium, doubtfully referred by me to ?/. Wrayi BEDD. 
are identical with this, The diagnosis should be corrected as follows: 
Rhizome scales when young rufous or ferrugineous. Stipes 1!/, —7!/, cm. 
long, those of the fertile fronds often though not invariably the longer 
ones. Barren fronds 2'/,—7!/, cm. long, the edge cartilagineous, very 
broadly and shallowly crenulated, whether or not somewhat recurved or 
reflexed. Texture varying from somewhat flaccid to rigid. Fertile fronds 
3— 15 cm. long. Sori close or somewhat remote. 

It may be possible that this species is identical with 27. Wrayi BEDD. 
of which | have not yet seen the authentic specimen. The diagnosis given 
by BEDDOME in Handb. Ind. Ferns, Supplem. 93, however, is too incom- 
plete to decide on the subject. 


Pleopeltis brevidecurrens V. À. V.R.--? PI Werneri V.A.V.R. forma 
vel var. 

Eupleopeitis, Pleuridium.— Rhizoma longe repens, decidue albo-ceracea ; 
squamae primum densae, triangulari- vel lanceolato-ovatae, ochraceae, inte- 
cerrimae, apice longe acuto, deciduo, basi persistenti, peltata, subrotunda 
vel oblonga. Stipites sparsi, 4—16 cm. longi, pallide brunnei vel fusci, glabri. 
Frondes flaccido-coriaceae, glabrae, ovato-lanceolatae ; frondes steriles 8—16 
cm. longae, prope basin 4—6 cm. latae, basi late cuneatae, breviter decurrens, 
margine cCartilagineo-incrassatae, anguste recurvatae, late sed levissime crenu- 
latae, non aut plus minusve repandae, apice obtusae ad conspicue, acute 
acuminatae; costa supra sulcata, subtus prominens ; venae primariae patentes, 
utrinque prominentes, marginem frondis fere attingentes; areolae primariae 
inter costam marginemque usque 8—9-seriatae, irregulariter quadrangulares ; 
areolae secundariae valde irregulares; venulae liberae in diversas partes 
patentes Frondes fertiles quam steriles maximae minores, areolis primariis 


TE 





VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12: 211 


minus copiosis, + 4 —-6-seriatis. Sori inter venas primarias 1-seriati, in aerolis 
primariis solitarii, rotundi, nonnumquam per paria confluentes. 

Ternate: North Foramadiahi, creeping over stones in grassy 
jungle, alt. 1500 m. (V. M. À. BEGUIN No. 1503, 11 March 1921). 


e Pleopeltis linguaeformis (METT.) V.A.V.R., Bull. Dép. Agr. |. N. 
XXVII (1909), 6.— PJ. musifolia MOORE var. Schumanniana V. À. V.R., Mal. 
Ferns & AIl. Supplem. !, 391.— Polypodium Schumannianum DIELS in SCHUM. 
& LAUT. Flor. deut. Sch. geb. 139, tab. IN, € — D. — P. linguaeforme 
MED un Ann. Mus. BOT. L. B.. IL, 228: €. CHR: Ind. Fil. 540. 

Rhizome creepino, firm, the scales more or less deciduous, linear- to 
ovate-lanceolate, fuscous, acuminate, minutely and more or less sparingly 
denticulate. Fronds + 25 — 50 cm. long, to 61}, — 13 cm. broad, varying 
from ovate-oblong or panduriform to lanceolate or spathulate, sessile with 
a dilated, cordate or rounded base to stalked with a long-decurrent base, 
the edge entire, the apex bluntish to relatively long-acuminate. Texture 
chartaceous to subcoriaceous; surfaces naked; main veins when dry distinct 
in the lower half, the higher often parallel, the lower often very irregular, 
all forked and evanishing gradually towards the apex, forming with the 
other veins 1 roW or large primary areolae and beyond these 2—3 rows 
of smaller secondary areolae, all divided into numerous still smaller ones; 
ultimate areolae irregularly 4—6-angular, with included free veinlets. Sori 
numerous, occupying the upper part of the fertile fronds, scattered irregu- 
larly, more or less immersed, on free or joined veinlets, mostly solitary 
in the ultimate areolae. — Very variable, with the ultimate forms not rarely 
occupying the very same rhizome. 

Eastern Malaya to Polynesia and Melanesia. 


Pleopeltis congregatifolia V.A.V.R. in Bull. Btz. Il (1920), 166. 

BüÜNNEMEIJER’S No, 8884 from Mt. Koerintji (Sumatra), agrees very 
well with this but it has the fronds somewhat firmer, rather subpapyraceous, 
more acutely acuminate at the apex, somewhat broader and rounded to 
slightly cordate at the base, and the sori somewhat larger. 


à Pleopeltis Zippelii (BL) MOORE Ind., 348.— Polypodium Zippelii BL. 
Flor. Jav. Il, 172, tab. LXXX; V. À. V.R., Mal. Ferns 649. 

Also in Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, alt. 1800—2400 m. (H.A.B. 

BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 8430, 9554, 0583, 10288, 10292, 4 March—7 April 1920). 


Pleopeltis triquetra (BL.) V. À. V.R., Bull. Dép. Agr. I. N., XXVII (1909), 
9; Mal. Ferns & AÏl Supplem. 1, 387.— Polypodium triquetrum BL., Enum. 
DA 124; VA. V:R. Mal. .Ferns:050: C:. CHR: Ind..Fil.:571. 

Sori in 2 rows between the main veins. — R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN 
BRiINK’s No. 4131 from Mt. Salak (Java) has the sori of each pair with the 
receptacles nearly all laterally confluent so as to form single rows of oblong 
sori between the main veins, parallel or subparallel with the costa or margin. 


218 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





Pleopeltis platyphylla (Sw.) BEDD. Handb. Ind. Ferns, Supplem., 94.— 
Polypodium platyphyllum.Sw. Syn. 27; V. À. V.R., Mal. Ferns 647; C. CHR. 
Ind. Fil. 554. 

Also in Sumatra: Bengkoelen, Lebong Donok. (C.J. BROOKS 
No. 470/S). 


Pieopeltis incurvata (BL) MOORE in Gard. Chron (1860), 1105; V.A V.R. 
Mal. Ferns & AI, Supplem. 1, 399, Corr., 58, 59, — Polypodium incurvatum 
BL., Enum. PL Jav. ‘11, 126; V. À: V. R:, Mal. Ferns 665; C°CHR:Ind F5 

Forma typica: Sori round or oblong, the oblong ones parallel with 
the central ribs of the lobes. î 

Forma transversalis: À forma typica differt soris longioribus (oblongis) 
horizontaliter patentibus. 

Java: Tjibodas Mountain Gardens, alt. 1425 m. (W. DOCTERS VAN 
LEEUWEN.) 


Pleopeltis insignis (BL.) BEDD. Ferns Br. [., Il, tab. 214.— Polypodium 
insigne BL, Enum. PI. Jav. Il, 127; V. À. V.R., Mal. Ferns 663; C. CHR. 
Ind'1Fil:"535;: 

Also in Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, on trees, alt. 1500 — 1700 
m. (H.A.B. BüNNEMEIEER Nos. 8745, 8044, 0040, 12 — 20 March 1920). 


Pleopeltis pseudoloxogramma V. A. V. R. 

Selliouea.— Rhizoma repens, firmum, sublignosum, subglabrescens; 
squamae coriaceae, deltoideo-ovatae, sordide brunneae, integerrimae, acutius- 
culae ad acuminatae, fragiles. Stipites breves, + 1 cm. longi, basibus 
decurrentibus frondium saepe angustissime 2-marginati, subsemiteretes, supra 
leviter convexi, subtus rotundati [fig. b ‘)], Frondes papyraceae, glabrae, 
lineari-oblanceolatae, 30-—45 cm. longae, ad vel saepius 
supra medium 3-—--5 cm. latae, basin acutam versus sensim 
angustatae, margine subcartilagineae sed non incrassatae, 
integerrimae, in sicco saepe angustissime recurvatae, apice 
acuminatae, interdum angustissime caudatae; costa utrinque 
prominens, supra obtuse quadrangularis, subtus obtuse 
triangularis [fig. € !)]; venae primariae 
patentes, graciles, cum venis secundariis venulisque 
in sicco leviter prominentes, venis secundariis trans- 
versalibus unitae; venae transversales frondium sterilium 
valde irregulariter et acute flexuosae, frondium fertilium 
minus irregulares ; venulae liberae inclusae numerosae. 
Sori lineares, venis primariis paralleli, costam margi- 
nemque frondium fere attingentes, superiores appro- 
ximati, inferiores conspicue remoti, 





Fig. b. 





Fieec 


1) When examined in a saturated chloral-hydrate solution, 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayon Ferns 12. 219 
Resembles superficially Loxogramma Blumeana PR 
Ceram: Way Sima, in primeval forest, alt, + 500 m. (L. RUTTEN’s 
Exploration Commission, coll. KORNASSI No. 1373, 21 June 1918). 


Pleopeltis Feei (BORY) V. A. V.R., Bull. Dép. Agr. I. N. XXVII (1909), 
12: Mal. Ferns & All. Supplem. I, 405.— Polypodium Feei METT. Farng. 
M obbod, 110; V.A.V.R Mal Ferns 615; C. CHR. Ind. Fil 526. 
selliguea Feei BORY, Dict. Class. VI, 588; XVII, tab. XLI. 

Forma typica: Rhizome scales brown or yellow-brown, relatively long 
and narrow, acutely long-acuminate, resembling those of P/. rupestris MOORE. 
Fronds not hastate. 

Forma hastifolia : Rhizome scales ochraceous, relatively short and broad, 
acute or subacuminate, resembling those of P1. friquetra V. A.V.R. Fronds 
not rarely hastato-3-fid; basal segments subsimilar to the central one but 
much smaller, with the sori consequently shorter. United with the type by 
intermediates. 

Bali Island: Kintamani, in shady narrow hollow road, alt. 1440 m. 
(J, VERMEULEN No. 2, 4 June 1921). 


Polypodium diplosorum CHRIST in Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, 11, 440; 
V. A. V.R., Mal. Ferns, 586.— Grammitis hirta BL. Flor. Jav. I, 111, tab. 
REVIS. 71. 

The specimen on which CHRIST based this name is unknown to 
me but the specimens occurring up till now under this name in the 
Buitenzorg Herbarium are but narrow forms of P. sumatranum BK; 
the specimens formerly gathered and determined by RACIBORSKI as 
P. subpleiosorum RAC. are represented by both broad and narrow forms; 
the broader ones agree exactly with the original P. sumatranum BK. 
(BECCARI No. 448) and the narrower ones with the specimens of P. diplo- 
sorum quoted. 


Polypodium revolvens V. A. V.R., this Bull., [1 (1920), 170. 

BüNNEMEIJER’'Ss No. 6732 from Lingga (Mt. UE differs from the 
Bangka plant in having the stipes somewhat longer, with the hairs deci- 
duous, the fronds rather gradually caudate-acuminate, the sori subsuperficial, 
to 7 on a side, the receptacle rather oblong. — Epiphytical in forest, alt. 
600 m. 


Polypodium pseudorevolvens V. À. V. R. 

Eupolypodium, Pinnata. — À P. revolvente NV. A.V.R. differt pinnis 
horizontalibus vel patentissimis, minus rigidis, planis, in sicco non raro 
reflexis et margine leviter revolutis, pinnis inferioribus (reductis) contiguis 


220 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





vel subcontiguis, soris remotiusculis, minus numerosis, 1 — 4 utrinque, 
cavis sororum vix perspicuis, margine non vel parce ferrugineo-setulosis. 

Lingega: Mt. Tanda, epiphytical in jungle, alt. 950 m. (H. À. B. 
BüNNEMEIJER No. 6902, 21 July 1919, type); Riouw Archipelago: 
Poeloe Karimon, Mt. Dijantan, on stones in forest, alt. 250 m. 
(H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 7880, 7 September 1919). 


Polypodium subhamato-pilosum V. A. V. R.— Davallia Ledermanni 
BRAU. in ENGL. Bot, Jahrb., LVI, 123 (not P. Ledermanni BRAU, I.c. 184). 


Polystichum prolificans V. A. V.R. this Bull., Il (1920), 170. 

Sori in | row on each side, nearer the costa than the margin, or in 
2 rows, with the outer row nearer the margin; indusium small, partly 
deciduous, partly persistent, surpassing the capsules. 


Polystichum eriorachis V, À, V. R. 

Stipites fasciculati, 75 -85 cm. longi, fusci vel pallide fusci, basin versus 
plus minusve castanei, primum squamosi, postremo plus minusve glabres- 
centes; squamae 2-formes; squamae minores squamis minoribus rhachidis 
similes, basi persistente punctiformi; squamae majores ovatae, obscure 
fuscae, erosae, appressae, basi persistente transverse ruguliformi. Frondes 
ovato-lanceolatae, 60—80 cm. longae, 25—30 cm. latae, copiose 2-pinnatae, 
acuminatae; rhachis primum copiose squamosae, postremo plus minusve 
glabrescens; squamae 3-formes; squamae minores lanuginoso-furfuriformes, 
pallide brunneae; squamae intermediae lineari-lanceolatae vel subulatae, 
brunneae, decidue pallide lanuginoso-fimbriatae; squamae majores squamis 
majoribus stipitis similes sed minores. Pinnae numerosae, superiores 
approximatae, patentes, inferiores remotae, horizontales, breviter petiolatae ; 
pinnae inframedianae maximae, lineari-lanceolatae, infra medium 2!/,—3 em. 
latae, pinnatae, apice sensim acuminato serratae, Pinnulae coriaceae, nume- 
rosae, patentes, subtus parce lanuginoso-paleaceae, glabrescentes, approxi- 
matae vel subremotae; pinnulae maximae subrhomboideo-oblongae, usque 
2 cm. longae, 6 mm. latae, crenatae vel serrato-crenatae, apice aristato- 
apiculatae, basi inferiore anguste cuneatae, basi superiore late cuneatae, plus 
minusve auriculatae, auricula obtusa, interdum mucronulata; venae sub- 
distinctae, non raro plus minusve absconditae. Sori costam approximatae ; 
indusium parvum, peltatum, erosum, deciduum. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, alt. 2500—2800 m. (H. À. B. 
BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 9833, 10386, 29 April — 9 May 1020). 


Polystichum flaccidum V. À. V.R. 
Stipites fasciculati, 50-75 cm. longi, in sicco straminei vel pallide 
brunnei, copiose squamosi, squamae minores et intermediae iis rhachidis 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 221 
similes, basi persistente punctiformi; squamae majores ovatae vel lanceolatae, 
minute eroso-denticulatae, basi persistente oblique vel transverse ruguliformi, 
inferiores crebrae, castaneae, anguste ferrugineo-marginatae, superiores ser1- 
sim remotae et ferrugineae vel pallide fuscae. Frondes lanceolato-oblongae, 
75—00 cm. longae, 30-35 cm. latae, copiose 2-pinnatae, acuminatae; 
rhachides primum dense, postremo minus dense squamosae; squamae fer- 
rugineae vel brunneae, minores subrotundae vel lanceolatae, eroso-ciliolatae, 
majores lineari-subulatae copiose ciliatae vel dilacerato-fimbriatae.  Pinnae 
numerosae, contiguae vel plus minusve remotae, subsessiles, superiores 
patentes, ceterae horizontales vel inferiores deflexae; pinnae inframedianae 
maximae, lineari-lanceolatae, basi truncata, © 2!/,—3'/, cm. latae, pinnatae, 
apice sensim acuminato serratae, Pinnulae subcoriaceae vel firmiter herba- 
ceae, supra glabrae, subtus parce ferrugineo-paleaceo-pilosae, glabrescentes, 
subhorizontales, subrhomboideo-elongatae ; pinnulae anticae infimae maximae, 
usque 1#/, em. longae, basi 6 mm. latae, crenatae vel plus minusve distincte 
lobatae, apice saepe aristato-apiculatae, basi antica late cuneatae, subauri- 
culatae, basi postica anguste cuneatae; lobuli (crenae) saepe aristatae; 
auricula obtusa, interdum submucronulata; venae distinctae. Sori costam 
approximati; indusium parvum, peltatum, deciduum. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, alt. 2300—2400 m. (H. A. B. 
BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 9970, 10297, 10461, 2—10 May 1920). 


Polystichum dendrophilum V. A. V. KR. 

Stipites 35—50 cm. longi, pallide brunnei, squamosi et lanuginoso- 
villosi, demum basibus persistentibus squamarum pilorumque asperuli et 
minutissime puncticulati; squamae patentes, ovato-lanceolatae, ochraceo- 
brunneae vel pallide fuscae, primum copiose fimbriato-laceratae, demum 
erosae, basi persistenti breviter ruguliformi; pili pro ratione longi, crispati, 
intricati, laniformes. Frondes 75--100 cm. longae, acuminatae, copiose 3- 
pinnatae: rhachides lanuginosae, pilis iis stipitis similibus, squamulis similiter 
coloratis, filiformibus vel subulatis, ciliatis intermixtis. Pinnae numerosae, 
confertae, patentes, subsessiles vei breviter petiolulatae, e basi lata lineari- 
lanceolatae, apicem versus sensim serratae, graciliter longe acuminatae, 
maximae, 20—27!'}, cm. longae, 4-6 cm. latae. Pinnulae numerosae, 
approximatae, patentes, breviter petiolulatae, rnomboideo-oblongae, infimae 
anticae maximae, usque 3!/,—5 cm. longae, 1—1!/, cm. latae, infra apicem 
acute apiculatum, dentatum ad lobatum pinnatae; rhachis in parte superiore 
anguste alata, subtus parce crispato-pilosa. Segmenta (dentes, lobi vel 
foliola) in pinnulis maximis usque 10 utrinque, tenuiter coriacea, potius 
firmiter herbacea, glabra, superiora confluentia, sequentia decurrentia, inferiora 
basi oblique cuneata sessilia ; foliola infima antica maxima, breviter petiolulata, 
subrhomboidea, usque 7!/,—17!/, mm. longa, 3—5 mm. lata, apice obtuso 
vel apiculato dentata, parte inferiore lobata. Segmenta ultima (dentes, lobi) 
usque 4 utrinque, obliqua; dentes incurvati, acuti; lobi-obtusi vel mucronato- 


222 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 








apiculati; lobi infimi antici maximi, subauriculiformes; venae in segmentis 
ultimis solitariae, subtus parce crispato-pilosae, glabrescentes, superiores 
simplices, sequentes furcatae; venae infimae anticae parce pinnatae. Sori 
inter costam marginemque mediani, relative magni, ad venulas anticas 
venarum ramosarum terminales; indusium parvum, peltatum, brunneum, 
obsolete eroso-denticulatum. 

Ternate: Foramadiahi, on trunks of trees in forest, alt. 700 m. 
(V.M. A. BEGUIN No. 1096, 12 November 1920); North Foramadiahi, 
in forest, alt. 1250 m. (V. M. A. BEGUIN No. 1491, 9 March 1921). 


Pteris orientalis V. À. V.R., Bull. Dép. Agr. I. N. XVII (1908), 12.— var. 
olabra V. A. V.R., Bull. Btz. VII (1912), 26; Mal. Ferns. 355; Supplem. |, 247. 

Stipe and rhachis varying from pale-reddish-brown to purple or cas- 
taneous. Pinnae to 30 cm. long, at length glabrescent, with the base 
broadly rounded to truncate or cordate. 

Forma typica. Also in Ternate: Tabahawa, in forest garden, alt. 
250 m. (V. M. A. BEGUIN No. 999, 19 October 1920). 

Var. glabra: Surfaces naked, even when young. 


Pteris pellucida PR., Rel. Haenk., 1, 55; v. A. v.R., Mal. Ferns, 357; 
Supplem. |, 247. 

BüNNEMEIJER'’s Nos. 8406, 9741 from Sumatra (Mt. Koerintji) have 
some of the fronds with the 2 lower pair of pinnae either forked or 
semipinnatifid with 2 — 3 remote segments on the posterior side. 


Pteris melanocaulon FÉE, Gen. Fil., 5e Mém., 127; v.A.v.R., Mal. 
Ferns, 358. 

Also in Ternate: Fitoe, in ravine, alt. 2 m. (V. M. A BEGUIR 
No. 1059, 29 October 1920). 


Pteris longipes DON, Prod. FI. Nep., 15; V. À. V. R., Mal. Ferns, 369.— 
Pt, Zollingeri METT. in MIQ. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. B., IV, 97.— Pf, radicans 
CHRIST var. javanica V. À. V.R., Bull. Btz. VII. (1912), 27.— Pf. pellucens 
AGuRec., 43: 

The specimens from Java, Sumatra, Ceylon, British India, Assam, 
Luzon, Mindanao and Alabat Island, occuring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, 
represent so many forms that this species is either very variable or it is a 
collective species and may be spliced into several distinct species. Our 
specimens are distinguished as follows: Stipes stramineous or brown to 
fuscous; rhachises naked or shortly deciduously fibrillose, smooth or at 
length puncticulate-asperulous by the persistent bases of fallen fibrils; pin- 
nulae adherent or articulated to the rhachis ; costae above spinulose, beneath 


__ VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 223 
naked or shortly fibrillose-puberulous; costulae above whether or not spinu- 
lose ; ultimate segments subentire or sparingly denticulate (P£, Zollingeri METT) 
to distinctly toothed or coarsely serrate (P£. pellucens AG.) ; sori whether or 
not reaching the base of the ultimate segments, not reaching their apex. 


Pteris radicans CHRIST in Ann. Btz, XV, 110; V.A.V.R., Mal. Ferns, 
369; Supplem. |, 250. 

TEYSMANN's No. 13737 from Celebes (Bonthain, Boeakang)isthe 
only specimen occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, referrible to this species 
and recognizable in having the primary branches gemmiferous below the 
apex. In all other respects it resembles too much Pf. iongipes DON, 
to which species my var. yavanica (Bull. Btz, VII (1912), 27) should be 
referred, 


Pteris Wallichiana AGARDH, Rec. Spec., 69 ; V.A.V.R., Mal. Ferns, 372. 

The typical form of this species is described by different authors as 
having a very smooth stipe and naked fronds; the few specimens of 
the Buitenzorg Herbarium, as far as still provided with a stipe, fit the 
descriptions of those authors. The specimens quoted have the fronds more or 
less copiously pedately divided with 5—9Q (rarely to 11) pinnae (ï.e. primary 
and secondary branches); ultimate segments entire to crenate or serrate, 

Var. matoniiformis: Planta magna. Stipites usque 200 cm. longi vel 
forsitan longiores, in juventute probabiliter plus minusve copiose, longe 
rufo-fibrillosi, parte basali squamosi, inter squamas puncticulato-asperuli ; 
squamae firmae sed mox erosae vel dilaceratae et plus minusve deciduae, 
basibus persistentibus, conspicue tuberculiformibus. Frondes usque 75 cm. 
longae vel longiores, copiose pedato-divisae, pinnis (ramis primariis secun- 
dariisque) 11—15; rhachides parti apicali stipitis similes. Pinnulae numerosae, 
subcorjiaceae, flaccidae; costae, costulae venaëeque subtus primum fibril- 
losae; fibrillae pro ratione longae, appressae, rufae, deciduae. Sori capsulis 
paraphysibus numerosis, longe fibrilliformibus, primum flavidis, postremo 
rufis intermixtis. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, water side in forest, alt. 2020 m. (H. A. B. 
BüNNEMEIJER No. 0630, 19 April 1920). 

C. A. BACKER'S No. 9638 from Java (Mt Gilap, alt. 2000 m.) resembles 
this variety very much; the stipe of the specimen, however, is wanting in 
the Herbarium. 


Schizoloma Walkerae (HK) KUHN, Chaetopt., 346; V. À. V.R., Mal. 
Ferns, 278.— Lindsaya Walkerae HK,., Spec. Fil. I, 209, tab. LXIX A. 

The specimens occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium have to pinnae with 
the veins very distinct, stout, when dry not rarely very prominent on both sides. 

Also in Lingga: Pasir Pandjang, in a trench, alt. 40 m. (H. A. 
B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 69024, 25 July 1919). 


224 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LivR. 3. 





Schizoloma Stortii V. A. V.R, Bull. Btz., XVI (1914), 36; Mal. Ferns & 
AI., Supplem. 1, 214. Veins erecto-patent, fine, hardly prominent. 


Schizoloma auriculatum V. À. V.R — Sch. divergens KUHN var. auricu- 
lata V. À. V.R., Mal. Ferns, 278.— Lindsaya divergens W ALL. forma auriculata 
CHRIST, MS. in Herb. Bog. 

Isoltoma.— Rhizoma breviter repens, castaneo-fibrillosum. Stipites ap- 
proximati, nigricantes, nitentes, 5— 15 cm. longi, deorsum subteretes 
(antice anguste applanati, postice rotundati), sursum (cum rhachide) antice 
2-marginati, postice carinati. Frondes elongatae, 10 — 20 cm. longae, medio 
2!/,— 4 cm. latae, pinnatae, apice obtusae vel obtusiusculae, basi paullo 
angustatae. Pinnae herbaceae ad subcoriaceae, glabrae, infra pinnam termi- 
nalem usque + 25 utrinque; pinna terminalis oblonga, integerrima vel 
incisa, basi cuneata; pinnae laterales spurie petiolulatae, medianae maximae, 
subhorizontales, approximatae, elongato-rhomboideo-oblongae, 1!/, — 2 cm. 
longae, basi 4 — 6 mm, latae, rectae vel saepius subfalcatae, apice obtusae 
vel rotundatae, margine sterili saepe crenatae vel lobulato-crenatae, lobulis 
vel crenis integerrimis crenulatisve, margine fertili integerrimae, basi oblique 
cuneatae, steriles, imo breviter petioluliformi-angustatae, basi antica late et 
breviter cuneatae, saepe plus minusve distincte, acutiuscule vel obtusiuscule 
auriculatae, basi postica anguste et sublongissime cuneatae ; pinnae superiores 
sensim minores at magis ascendentes; pinnae inferiores sat remotae, 
deflexae, paullo abbreviatae; venae plerumque duplicato-furcatae. Sori margines 
apicemque pinnarum occupantes, plerumque continui, raro hic illic interrupti. 

Sch. divergens KUHN differs in having the rhachis and upper part of 
the stipe not keeled on the back, the pinnae with the upper base truncate, 
the lower base very shortly and broadly rounded or rotundate-cuneate.— 
Young fructiferous plants much smaller, with the pinnae resembling 
somewhat those of Sck. ovatum COPEL. 

Borneo: Mt. Kiam (HALLIER No. 2365 p.p.);, Lingga: Mt. Daik 
and Mt. Tanda, in forest, alt. 250 — 500 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
Nos 6624, 6734, 6903, 12 — 21 July 1919). 


Schizoloma ensifolium (SW.) J. SM. in Journ. of Bot. III, 414; V. A. 
V.R., Mal. Ferns, 280.— Lindsaya ensifolia SW, in SCHRAD. Journ., 18007, 77. 

Pinnae herbaceous, thin or firm, when barren more or less serrulate 
or crenate-serrulate, sometimes slightly toothed, not rarely entire; veins fine, 
when dry slightly prominent, visible. — BüNNEMEIJER’s No. 7204a from 
Poeloe Singkep (Lingga Archipelago) is a specimen with fructi- 
ferous simple fronds (forma simplex). 


Schizoloma coriaceum V. A. V.R. in Bull. Dép. Agr. I. N. XVIII (1908), 
10; Mal. Ferns, 280. 

Pinnae coriaceous, when dry with the veins hidden, not prominent, 
invisible except when seen towards the light. 


A Ed bn 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 225 

Stenosemia aurita (SW.) PR., Tent. Pterid., 237; V. A. V.R., Mal. Ferns, 
726.— Acrostichum aurifum SW, in SCHRAD. Journ. 1800°, 12. 

Var. reducta: Varietas dimensionibus minoribus. Segmenta lateralia Iobis 
posticis infimis non vel vix productis, quam sequentibus saepe brevioribus, 
integerrimis vel maxime crenatis, haud pinnatifidis. - 

Sumatra: Deli, Lau-Rakit, in entrance of lime-stone grotto, alt. 
300 m. (J. A. LÜRZING No. 6354, 1 April 1919). 


Syngramma alismifolia (PR.) J. SM. in Lond, Journ. of Bot. IV, 166; 
V. A.V.R, Mal. Ferns, 543.— Diplazium alismaefolium PR., Rel. HAENK. 
I, 49, tab. 7—8, fig. B. 

Var. Wallichii (HK.) V. A. V.R., I. c.— Gymnogramma Wallichii HK., 
BpecAEileV, 155, :tab. CCCITI. 

Also infava: Buitenzorg, Tegallega (R.C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN 
BRINK, No. 3702, 4 July 1920). 

Lingga Archipelago: Poeloe Singkep, near Manggoe, in 
forest, alt. 60 m.(H. À. B BüNNEMEIJER No 7204, 2 August 1919, approaches 
the type); Boekit Tjikaloe, in forest, alt. 60 m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER 
No. 7349, 7 August 1919). 


Trichomanes piliferum V. A. V.R. 

Eutrichomanes, Gonocormus. — Rhizoma repens, filiforme, ramosum, 
intricatum, caespitosum, cum stipitibus pilis patentibus, deciduis, pro ratione 
longis, flavido-brunneis, crispatulis, gracilibus munitum. Stipites graciliter 
filiformes, + 1 '/, — 2!/, cm. longi. Frondes tenuiter membraceae, glabrae, 
smaragdinae, oblongae vel ovatae, + 2—4 cm. longae, 1—2 cm. latae; 


rhachis late alata, cum costis costulisque rubro-brunnea. Pinnae + 3—5 
utrinque, ascendentes vel inferiores patentes; pinnae inferiores pinnatim 
vel dichotome incisae, superiores simplices vel furcatae. Segmenta ultima 
oblonga vel breviter linearia, usque 1 cm. longa, 2 mm. lata, margine 
integerrima vel obsolete denticulata, setulis erectis, acutis, breviter acicularibus, 
rubro-brunneis remote ciliata, apice rotundata vel emarginata; costulae in 
segmentis ultimis solitariae Sori ad segmenta ultima terminales, non copiosi; 
indusium elongato-obconoideum, immersum, apice primum truncatum, 
ciliatum, demum 2-valve, valvis liberis, erectis, rotundatis. 

Resembles in aspect a decompound form of T. «igitatum SW. — The 
description is taken from fresh material. 

Java: Buitenzorg, Mt Salak, epiphytical in forest, alt. 1800 m. 
(R.C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK No. 4116, 7 November 1920). 


Trichomanes Rothertii V. A. V.R., Bull. Btz. | (1911), 13; Mal. Ferns 
Supplem. I, 105. 

Also in Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, a single specimen found on 
the rhizome of Pleopeltis insignis BEDD. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEYER No. 9040, 
alt. 1500 m.). 


226 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Il, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





Trichomanes sumatranum V. A. V. R, Bull. Dép. Agr. N. 1 XVII 
(1908), 4; Mal. Ferns, 800. 

Forma stipitulatum: Pinnae fertiles non-contractae soris haud sessilibus 
sed longiuscule stipitulatis. 

Java: Mt. Wiroe near Buitenzorg, on stones in bed of Pang- 
koelawan River, alt. 750 m. (R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK No. 
5291, 17 June 192P);: 


Trichomanes paniculatum V.A.V.R., Bull. Btz. XVI (1914), 38; Mal. 
Ferns ré All, Supplem:l, 1h: 

Also in Sumatra: Deli, Lau-Rakit, epiphytical in forest, alt. 300 m. 
(J. A. LORZING No. 6361, 1 April 1919). 


Trichomanes aphlebioides CHRIST in C. CHR. Ind. Fil., 635; V.A.VR., 
Mal. Ferns, 102.— 7. fenuissimum CHRIST in SCHUM. & LAUT. Flor. deut. 
Schgeb., 106. 

Also in Ternate: Foramadiahi, scandent in forest, alt. 650 m. 
(V. M. À. BEGUIN No. 1351, 17 January 1921). 


Vittaria ensiformis SW., Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. Neu. Schr. Il, 134, tab. 
Vlr AAA: VUIR:-.Mal..Ferns.. 555: 

Forma typica. — Also in Luzon: Mt. Banajao, in forest (EM. 
WEISS No. 3767, 28 January 1870). 

Specimens from Amboina (BOERLAGE No. 662, July 1900), Bangka 
(Toboali, in forest, alt. 250 m., H. À B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 23490, 9 De- 
cember 1917), Java (Mt. Bongkok, SCHEFFER, 4 September 1870) and 
Luzon (Los Banos, Mt Maquiling, À. D. E. ELMER No. 17680 p.p. 
June—July 1917) are intermediate between the type and var. dilafafa, with 
the fronds varying from 6 to 10 mm. broad. 

À young plant from Ternate: Tabahawa, on palm-trees in a forest 
garden, alt. 250 m, V. M. A. BEGUIN Nc. 996, 19 October 1920), which 
may be a variety of this species, is distinguished as follows: 

Var. substipitata: Frondes lineari-oblanceolatae, dimidia parte supe- 
riore latissima, apicem acutum vel acutiusculum et basin conspicue angus- 
tatam, substipitiformem versus sensim angustata; sori interrupti. 

Var. dilatata: Frondes lineari-lanceolatae, 1—1!'/, cm. latae, infra me- 
dium latissimae; venae supra prominentes. 

Sumatra (FORBES No. 2986a). 


HETEROSPORE FILICALES, 
Isospore Lycopodiales. 


Lycopodium multifarium V. À. V. R. 

Urostachys, Euselago.— Caules penduli, usque 50 cm. longi, 2 —4-di- 
chotomi, ramis primariis foliis inclusis + 18 mm. et ramulis ultimis usque 
+ 10 mm. diametientibus. Folia uniformia vel superiora basi paullo dilatata, 


: VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH! Malayan Ferns 12. 227 
pro ratione crassa sed flaccida, conferta, 12--16-faria (alternatim 6— 8-faria), 
lineari-subulata, decurrentia, inferiora deflexa, ramorum principalium horizon- 
talia, ramulorum ullimorum sensim ascendentia; folia maxima + 7-8 min, 
longa, basi !, --3/, mm. lata, integerrima, acuta, costa subtus leviter pro- 
minens; folia ramulorum sensim minora. Sporangia in axilis foliorum 
ramorum ultimorum et penultimorum. É 

Ternate: Foramadiahi, epiphytical in forest, alt. 650 m. (V. M. A. 
BEGUIN No. 1329, 15 January 1921). 


Lycopodium transiens V. À. V.R. 

Urostachys. Subselago. — Caules penduli, 20 — 30 cm vel plus longi, 
dichotome ramosi, ramis foliis inclusis usque 2 cm. diametientibus, Folia 
ascendentia vel patentia, perlaxa, alternatim 3-faria, tenuia vel flaccida, acuta, 
costa indistincta vel hic illic subdistincta et in sicco subtus basin versus 
carina decurrente munita; folia maxima lanceolato-subulata, + 121/, mm. 
longa, supra basin paullo angustatam, decurrentem 1 mm, lata; folia 
superiora in sporophylla inferfora sensim transientia, lineari-subulata, ad 
basin rotundatam latissima. Sporophylla laxa, inferiora foliis superioribus 
similia, usque 10 mm longa, sequentia basi paullo dilatata, longe acumi- 
nata, plus minusve carinata. 

The description is taken from two fragmentary specimens of which 
one is sterile and the other fertile but with the spikes still young and short. 

Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, in forest, alt. 2300 — 2750 m. (H. A.B. 
BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 0765, 9852, 28 — 30 April 1920). 


Lycopodium verticillatum L. (not L. F.) Supplem., 448; V. A V.R,, 
Mal“Fern Al, 32. 

Also in Sumatra: Mt. Koerintji, epiphytical in forest, alt. 1600 m. 
(H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER Nos. 8506, 8707, 5 -- 11 March 1920). 


Lycopodium cernuum L, Spec. 1566; V. A. V.R., Mal. Fern AÏ. 47 — 48. 

Var. capillaceum (WILLD.) SPRING, Mon. Lycop., |, 80; V. A. V.R., L.c, 
=. capillaceum WILLD , MS.: Leaves flaccid, nearly capillary, uncinate- 
incurved, rather loose, those of the stem and main rhachis rather horizontal, 

Var. capillifolium: Precedenti affine sed foliis subsigmoideis, paten- 
tissimis, saepe subrectis, pro ratione longis. 

Ternate: Foramadiahi, in grass-field, alt. + 1650 m. (V. M. A. 
BEGUIN No. 1194, 26 November 1920). 


Lycopodium complanatum L., Spec. 1567; V. A. V. R, Mal. Fern 
AIL., 51. 

Var. angustiramosum V. À. V. R., Bull. Btz. XXIV (1917), 6; Mal. 
Ferns & All, Supplem. |, 469: Ventral and dorsal leaves subisomorphous, 
subdeltoid. 


228 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE ul, VOL. VS PIVRE"S: 








Lycopodium casuarinoides SPRING. 

The Buitenzorg Herbarium now possesses several specimens of this 
species from the Philippines (including a sterile fragment of CUMING'S 
authentic No. 2346), Borneo, Sumatra, Singapore, Malacca (Mt 
Ophir)}, Khasia and Assam, which represent the different forms as 
described and drawn by HOOKER in Icon. PI X, tab. CMEXVII. The 
ultimate forms, however, are in aspect so different that | am inclined to 
consider them as distinct, though nearly related species, namely L. casua- 
rinoides SPRING (which should be placed in the Diphasium-group and: 
not in the Cernuum-group, as BAKER and 1 did), to which my L. Jacobsonii 
must be referred and Z. fiicaule HK F,to which my ZL. peuicilliferum 
must be referred. 


Lycopodium casuarinoides SPRING, Mon. Lycop. 1, 94; IT, 45; var. 
1-2" HK; Icon. PI. 'X, 140. /CMEXVIIT, fig: 1 —3, "67; VA NARRES 
Fern All, 49.— L. leucolepis JUNGH. & DE VR. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I, 
(1848) 13; V. A. V.R,, Supplem. I, 468.— L. Jacobsonii V. À, V. R. in Bull, Btz. 
XXHI (1916) 22, tab. HI—IV; Supplem. I, L.c, 

SPRING says ,Folia undique 6-faria, subverticillata . . . .”, which does 
not agree entirely with the arrangement of the leaves of the fragment of 
CUMING's No. 2346 occurring in the Buitenzofg Herbarium. The fragment. 
quoted has a distinctly platystichous arrangement of the leaves agreeing 
with my description and plate IT of L: Jacobsonit. 


Lycopodium filicaule HK. F., Bot. of Ant. Voy., Il, 102.— Z. casuart- 
noides SPRING var. complanatum SPRING, Mon. Lycop. Il, 45.— L. casuari- 
noides SPRING var. 3 HK. Icon. PI. X, tab. CMEX VII (descript ).—L. pericit- 
liferum NV. A.V.R. in Bull. Btz. XVI (1914; 40, tab. X. 

HOOKER's var. 4 (lc. fig. 4—5) seems to be a form with rather ra- 
diately spreading isomorphous leaves. 


Heterospore Lycopodiales. 


Sclaginella pentaphlebia V. À. V. R. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Radicantes.— Caules probabiliter repentes, 
apicem versus ascendentes, parte inferiore simpliciter furcati vel irregulariter 
dichotomi, caulibus secundariis tertiariisque pinnatim ramosis; rhachides 
principales 2—3 mm. crassae, in sicco obtuse angulosae et leviter sulcatae, 
pallide flavido-brunneae, foliis lateralibus inclusis 10—12 mm. latae; pinnae 
remotae, ascendentes, usque 7!/, cm. longae, pinnatae; pinnulae erecto- 
patentes, 1—3 utrinque, simplices, furcatae vel parce subpinnatae; ramuli 
ultimi 5—25 mm. longi, 4—S mm. lati Folia ubique -heteromorpha; folia 
lateralia utrinque cellulis scleroticis plus minusve distincte peliucido-marginata, 
inter costam marginemque spurie venulosa ; lateralia rhachidum principalium 
subfalcato-ovato-oblonga, inaequilatera, inferiora decidua (fragilia), superiora 
persistentia, subremota, horizonialia vel subhorizontalia, obtusiuscula vel 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH : Malayan Ferns 12. 229 





acutiuscula, semifacie superiore minute serrulata, basi late rotundata, semifacie 
inferiore integerrima sed ad basin anguste cordato- vel truncato-rotundatam 
serrulata, lateralia maxima 5 '/, mm. longa, 2'/, mm. lata; lateralia pinnarum 
sensim paullo minora; lateralia ramulorum ultimorum approximata, patentia, 
subfalcato-lineari-oblonga, usque 4 mm. longa, 1 !/, mm. lata, basi superiore 
rotundato-cuneata, basi inferiore rotundata, non serrulata; folia intermedia 
erecta; intermedia rhachidum principalium remota, semicordato-ovato-oblonga, 
longe cuspidata, anguste pellucido-marginata, minute serrulata, basi interiore 
rotundata, basi exteriore producta, auriculata, auricula rotundata, leviter 
hamato-incurvata, intermedia maxima 3!/, mm. longa, cuspide fere ?/, 
longitudinis laminae metiente ; intermedia pinnarum sensim minora ; intermedia 
ramulorum imbricata, basi exteriore non incurvata. Spicae ad ramulos 
terminales, solitariae vel hic illic 2-nae, 1 #/, mm. (postremo 2 '/,) mm. crassae; 
sporophylla ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, pellucido-marginata, minute 
serrulata, carinata, postremo squarrosa ; macrosporae 2, eburneae, dense sub- 
graciliter irregulariter verruculoso-rugulosae, parte apicali depresso-convexa, 
ecostata, cristula annuliformi cireumdata; microsporae probabiliter desunt. 

Belongs to the affinity of S. Springiana V. A. V.R. and S. Grabowskyt 
WARB. 

Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Bintan, Mt. Bintan, in forest, 
alt. 350 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 6175, 13 June 1919). 


Selaginella speluncae V. À. V.R. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Radicantes. — Caules repentes (caespi- 
tosi?), laxe ramosi, rhachide primaria usque 1 mm. crassa, in sicco pallide 
brunnea, irregulariter sulcata, foliis lateralibus inclusis 7--8 mm. lata; rami 
paullo remoti, simplices vel furcati aut inferiores medianique plus minusve 
pinnatim ramosi, usque 5 cm. longi vel longiores et caules separatos for- 
mantes; ramuli ultimi usque 2 cm. longi, 5—7 mm. lati. Folia ubique 
heteromorpha, utrinque cellulis scleroticis anguste pellucido-marginata, in- 
tegerrima vel ramulorum ultimorum lateralia suprema semifacie superiore 
persparse et minutissime serrulata; folia lateralia horizontalia vel subhori- 
zontalia, rhachidis primariae approximata vel paullo remota, ramulorum ul- 
timorum approximata vel subcontigua; lateralia rhachidis primariae maxima, 
late oblonga, usque 4 mm, longa, 2!/, mm. lata, apice obtusa, abrupte 
breviter mucronulato-apiculata, basi superiore rotundato-cuneata, basi infe- 
riore late rotundata vel rotundato-truncata; lateralia ramulorum subsimilia, 
usque 3}, mm. longa, 1*/, mm. lata; folia intermedia erecta vel suberecta, 
rhachidis primariae remota vel contigua, ramulorum ultimorum contigua vel 
imbricata ; intermedia rhachidis primariae maxima, subfalcato-oblonga, usque 


2!}, mm. longa, apice acute acuminata, semifacie interiore subrecta, basi 


angustata, semifacie exteriore rotundata, basi valde producta et cor dato- 
auriculata, auricula non vel leviter hamato-incurvata; intermedia ramulorum 
subsimilia sed minora, basi exteriore minus producta, rotundata. Spicae 


230 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 








tetragonae, ad ramulos terminales, usque 2 cm. longae et 2 mm. crassae; 
sporophylla ascendentia, postrermo subpatentia, elongato-ovata, apice longe 
acuta, pellucido-marginata, integerrima vel persparse, minute serrulata; ma- 
crosporae in juventute pallide flavidae vel brunneae, demum obscure sor- 
dide brunneae; microsporae flavidae, cristis aliformibus, latiusculis, mem- 
branaceis, reticulatis munitae. 

Forma typica: Macrosporae ubique gracillime reticulato-rugulosae, 

Sumatra: Lau-Rakit, in entrance of lime-stone grotto, alt. 300 m. 
(J. A. LôRZING No. 6352, 1 April 1919). 

Var. effugita: Macrosporae latere rotundato indistincte verruculosae, 
gibbis rotundis vel paullo elongatis, a latere apicali annulo aequatoriali, 
gibbis distinctis, tuberculiformibus, confertis formato separatis. 

Sumatra: Lau-Betimoes, on stones and tuff-walls in forest, alt. 
450 m. (J. A. LüRZING No. 6694, 21 June 1910). 


Selaginella pseudovenulosa V. A. V.Rk. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Ascendentes. — Caules e basi breviter 
repente erecti, usque 50 — 60 cm. alti, fere a basi irregulariter pinnatim 
ramosi, rhachide primaria subtereti, in sicco pallide fusca, 2—3 mm. crassa, 
antice leviter sulcata, foliis lateralibus inclusis 7 — 9 mm, lata: pinnae 
erecto-patentes, brevissimae ad longissimae, 4 — 40 cm. longae; pinnulae 
remotae, 4-— 12 utrinque, erecto-patentes, pinnarum breviorum breves, 
pinnarum longiorum usque 5 cm. longae, pinnatim ramosae, ramis paucis, 
remotis, erecto-patentibus, simplicibus vel furcatis; ramuli ultimi 1—10 mm. 
longi, 2-—3 mm. lati, Folia ubique heteromorpha ; folia lateralia oblonga, valde 
inaequilatera; lateralia caulina plus minusve remota, inferiora caduca, 
superiora persistentia, horizontalia vel subhorizontalia, obtusiuscula, utrinque 
cellulis scleroticis plus minusve distincte pellucido-marginata et breviuscule 
spurie venulosa, semifacie superiore minute serrulata, basi late rotundato - 
vel cordato-truncata, semifacie integerrima, basi angustata, lateralia maxima 
4 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, venulis spuriis inter costam marginemque medianis, 
interruptis ; lateralia ramulorum ultimorum usque 2 mm.longa, 1 mm. lata, basi 
superiore rotundato-cuneata; folia intermedia erecta; intermedia caulina remota, 
subfalcato-ovata, maxima 2 mm. longa, breviter cuspidato-acuminata, plus 
minusve minute serrulata, apicem versus subcarinata, basi oblique rotundata vel 
basi exteriore leviter cordato-auriculata ; intermedia ramorum sensim minora ; 
intermedia ramulorum subimbricata. Spicae ad ramulos ultimos saepe brevis- 
simos terminales, solitariae vel 2-nae, postremo 2 mm. crassae ; sporophylla 
ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, carinata, minute serrulata, postremo squar- 
rosa; macrosporae in macrosporangiis 4, pallide ochraceae, latere rotundato 
cristato-rugosae, cristis ramosis, subreticulatis, costis apicalibus crista annu- 
liformi cinctis; microsporae . . . . . (microsporangia in specimine effoeta). 

Lingga: Mt. Daik, in forest, alt. 250 m. (H. A. B. BüÜNNEMEIJER 
No 6631, 12 July 1919). 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 231 

Selaginella bimarginata V. A. V.R. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Ascendentes. Caules e basi probabili- 
ter breviter decumbente erecti, certe 27 !/, cm. alti, parte inferiore . . .., 
parte superiore ramosi, rhachide primaria in sicco pallide brunnea, + 2!/, 
mm. crassa, subtereti, ie. indistincte angulosa et sulcata, cum rhachidibus 
secundariis (foliis lateralibus inclusis) 12—13 mm. lata; pinnae furcatae vel 
pinnatae et apice interdum furcatae, maximae usque 18 cm. longae ; pinnulae 
pinnarum inferiorum usque 6 utrinque, simpliciter vel duplicato furcatae; 
ramuli ultimi 1—5 mm. longi, longissimi ad basin 4—5 mm. lati. Folia 
heteromorpha; folia lateralia rhachidum primariae secundariarumque horizon- 
talia, ramulorum ultimorum patentia; lateralia rhachidis primariae subremota, 
potius approximata, lineari-oblonga, subaequilatera, utrinque venula spuria 
submarginali munita, semifacie superiore apicem acutiusculum vel obtusius- 
culum et falcatulum versus integerrima, ceterum minutissime serrulata, basi 
rotundata, semifacie inferiore integerrima, basi rotundato-truncata, folia 
maxima -+ 6 mm. longa, 2 '/, mm. lata; lateralia rhachidum secundariarum 
similia sed magis approximata, potius contigua; lateralia ramulorum ultimo- 
rum contigua, usque 4 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, basi antica anguste rotun- 
dato-cuneata, basi postica cuneato-truncata; folia intermedia erecta; inter- 
media rhachidum principalium approximata vel contigua, subobovato-oblonga, 
usque 3 mm. longa, apicem abrupte, breviter cuspidatum versus cellulis 
scleroticis anguste pellucido-marginata, minutissime serrulata, basin versus 
integerrima, basi interiore rotundata, basi exteriore valde producta, cordata, 
auricula late rotundata, leviter hamato-incurvata; intermedia ramulorum im- 
bricata, paullo longius cuspidata, basi exteriore minus producta, auricula 
recta, cuspide !/,—!/, longitudinis laminae metiente Spicae ad ramulos val- 
de reductos terminales, solitariae vel 2-nae, primum 1 mm., postremo 2 
mm. crassae; sporophylla ovata, acuta, minute serrulata, carinata, adulta 1'/, 
mm. longa, patentissima. Macrosporae in sporangiis 2, graciliter reticulato- 
rugulosa, apice subapplanata, ecostata, crista annuliformi cincta ; microsporae 
probabiliter desunt. 

Java: Mt. Tjipoetih near Buitenzorg, in forest (R. C. BAKHUIZEN 
VAN DEN BRINK F. No. 806, 17 june 1921). 


Selaginella spuriemarginata V. A. V.R. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Ascendentes. — Caules erecti, +30 cm. 
alti, fere a basi pinnati vel furcati et pinnati, + 2 mm. crassi, in sicco pallide 
fusci, postice rotundati, antice sub-2-sulcati, foliis lateralibus inclusis 10—12 
mm. lati; pinnae erecto-patentes, pinnatae; pinnulae erecto-patentes, paucae, 
simphces, furcatae vel parce subpinnatae; ramuli ultimi suberecti, 1—10 mm. 
longi, 3—5 mm. lati. Folia ubique heteromorpha; folia lateralia vix sigmoideo- 
lineari-oblonga, subaequilatera, acutiuscula, utrinque venula spuria relative 
lata, marginali vel submarginali munita ; lateralia caulina remotiuscula, horizon- 
falia vel subhorizontalia, inferiora decidua (fragilia), superiora persistentia, 


232 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 








semifacie superiore apicem versus integerrima vel obsoletissime denticulata, 
ceterum minute serrulata, basi rotundato-cuneata, semifacie inferiore integer- 
rima, basi subcordato-rotundata, lateralia maxima 6'/, mm. longa, 2 mm. 
lata; lateralia pinnarum sensim minora; lateralia ramulorum ultimorum 
approximata, patentia, usque 4 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, basi anteriore anguste 
rotundato-cuneata, basi posteriore rotundata; folia intermedia erecta; semi- 
cordato-ovata vel -oblonga, longe cuspidata; intermedia caulina remota, 
semifacie interiore obsolete vel minutissime denticulata, basi subcordato- 
rotundata, semifacie exteriore integerrima, basi producta, late auriculata, 
auricula rotundata, distinctius hamato-incurvata, intermedia maxima 3!/, — 3%/, 
mm. longa, cuspide fere ?/, longitudinis laminae metiente; intermedia pinnarum 
sensim minora; intermedia ramulorum imbricata, semifacie interiore infra 
cuspidem parcissime minutissimeque serrulata, basi anguste rotundata, semi- 
facie exteriore basi rotundato-auriculata, auricula non incurvata, cuspide 
+ 3/, longitudinis laminae metiente. Spicae in ramulos ultimos terminales 
vel interdum axillares. solitariae vel raro 2-— 3-nae, 1!/, (postremo 2!/,) mm. 
crassae ; sporophylla ovata, acuminata, minute serrulata, carinata ; macrosporae 
in macrosporangiis 2, eburneae vel pallide flavidae, copiose, graciliter sub- 
reticulato-rugulosae, apice depresso-convexo, ecostato, rugula gracili, annuli- 
formi cincto; microsporae probabiliter desunt. 

Belongs to the affinity of S. Grabowskyi WARB. 

Lingga Archipelago: Poeloe Singkep, near Dabo, in forest, 
alt. 40 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 7252, 4 August 1919). 


Selaginella ceratocaulos V. A.V.R., Bull. Btz. XVI (1914), 41; Mal. 
Fern Al, 258. 

Forma kangeanensis: LoWer part of the stem and lower leaves not 
reddish; largest lateral and intermedial leaves more distinctly and more 
copiously ciliate on both sides at the base, the largest lateral ones more 
broadly rounded, slightly cordate at the upper base and more broadly 
rotundate-cuneate at the lower base; lateral leaves of the ultimate branch- 
lets to 2*/, mm. long; macrospores yellowish-white, pulverulent, glabrescent, 
at length smooth. 

Kangean Island: Mt. Eteng, Tambajangan, on lime-stone 
rocks, in forest, alt. 200 m. (C. A. BACKER No. 27961, 5 April 1919). 


Selaginella palembanica V.A.V.R, Bull. Btz. XXVIII (1918), 48. 

Var. subtrinervia: Varietas dimensionibus paullo majoribus. Rhachis 
primaria usque 9 mm. lata; ramuli ultimi usque 5 mm. lati. Folia lateralia 
venula spuria marginali cincta, omnia (i.e. foliis rhachidis primariae intlusis) 
utrinque inter costam et venulam spuriam marginalem venula spuria + 
mediana munita. Microsporae adultae gibbis apice saepe capitato-incrassatis. 

Sumatra: Deli, Bandar-baroe, on dry ground at foot of rock 
in primeval forest, alt. 850 m. (J. A. LÜRZING No. 6868, 7 October 1919). 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12.233 


Selaginella propinqua V. A. V. R. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Caulescentes. — Caules e basi repente 
erecti, 50—75 cm. alti, parte inferiore stipitiformes, 20-40 cm. longi, parte 
superiore pinnatim decompositi, oblongi vel flabelliformes, stipite leviter 
compresso-tereti, in sicco pallide fusco, laevi vel subsulcato, basi 3-4 mm. 
crasso; rhachis primaria foliis lateralibus inclusis-6—7 mm. lata; pinnae 
ascendentes, patentes, nutantes vel subsigmoideae, inferiores usque 20 cm. 
longae et 10 cm. latae; pinnarum inferiorum pinnulae ascendentes, partim 
relative breves furcataeque, partim longae pinnataeque et ramis simplicibus 
vel furcatis: ramuli ultimi usque 3 cm. longi, 3—4 mm. lati. Folia stipitis 
subisomorpha, remota, erecta, breviter oblonga, usque 3 mm. longa, longe 
acuminata vel cuspidato-acuminata, semifacie interiore late rotundatä, copiose 
minuteque serrulata, basi angustata, semifacie exteriore subrecta, basi rotun- 
data vel leviter auriculata, vix producta; folia partis ramosae heteromorpha ; 
folia lateralia ascendentes, conferta vel approximata; lateralia rhachidis 
primariae oblonga, subaequilatera, apicem subacutum versus falcata, utrinque 
latere venula spuria, submarginali munita, semifacie superiore in parte 
superiore parce obsolete serrulata, in parte inferiore late rotundato-cuneata 
magis copiose, minute serrulata, semifacie inferiore integerrima vel ad basin 
abrupte, anguste vel latiuscule cuneatam denticulo 1 munita, folia maxima 
5 mm. longa, 2!/, mm. lata; lateralia ramorum sensim minora et pro 
ratione multo angustiora; lateralia ramulorum ultimorum subsigmoideo- 
lanceolata, usque 2!/, mm. longa et fere 1 mm. lata, utrinque venula spuria, 
intramarginali, angustissima munita, semifacie superiore basin anguste 
rotundato-cuneatam versus parce minuteque serrulata; folia intermedia 
erecta ; intermedia rhachidis primariae subremota, ovato- vel obovato-oblonga, 
cuspidato-acuminata, apicem versus subcarinata, margine plus minusve 
copiose, minute serrulata, basi interiore anguste rotundata vel rotundato- 
cuneata, basi exteriore leviter producta, rotundata vel subcordato-auriculata, 
folia maxima 41/, mm. longa, cuspide !/; longitudinis laminae metiente ; 
intermedia ramorum sensim minora; intermedia ramulorum ultimorum minu- 
tissima, imbricata, integerrima, cellulis scleroticis utrinque late pellucido- 
marginata, basi utrinque angustius cuneata, cuspide '/, longitudinis laminae 
metiente. Spicae ad ramulos ultimos terminales solitariaeque, postremo 
+ 2 mm. crassae ; sporophylla ovata, sensim acuminata, subcarinata, pellucido- 
marginata, minute serrulata, postremo squarrosa; sporae non vidi (macro- 
et microsporangia in specimine effoeta). 

Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Toedjoeh, Si-Oeloe, in forest, 
alt. 50 m. (H. À. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 6042, 23 May 1919). 


Selaginella pilosula V. À. V.R, 
Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Pubescentes — Caules e basi repente erecti, 
+ 15 cm. alti, parte inferiore simplices, stipitiformes, longe flagelligeri, 
in sicco pallide fusci, cum rhachide primaria minute decidueque pilosuli, 
t 


234 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LivR. 3. 





parte superiore ramosi, in circuitu ovati vel rotundato-ovati, +10 -121/, cm. 
longi, 71/,—10 cm, lati; pinnae ascendentes, inferiores lineari-lanceolatae, 
usque 71/, cm. longae; pinnulae contiguae, valde ascendentes, simplices vel 
furcatae ; ramuli ultimi usque 2 em. longi, foliis lateralibus inclusis 4— 5 mm. lati. 
Folia ubique heteromorpha ; folia lateralia caulina patentes, lateralia ramulorum 
ascendentia; lateralia rhachidis primariae maxima, approximata vel remotiuscula, 
oblique lanceolato-oblonga, 41}, mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, subacuta, semifacie 
superiore minute serrulata, basi rotundato-cuneata; semifacie inferiore 
apicem versus minute serrulata, basi cuneata; lateralia ramulorum subsi- 
milia, contigua, usque 3 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, obtusiuscula vel obtusa, basi 
magis angustata; folia intermedia erecta, oblonga vel ovata; intermedia 
rhachidis primariae maxima, 2!/, mm. longa, breviter acuminata, cellulis 
scleroticis anguste pellucido-marginata, minute serrulata, basi interiore angus- 
tata, basi exteriore producta, auriculata, auricula leviter hamato-incurvata ; 
intermedia ramulorum minora, imbricata, basi interiore anguste cuneata, 
basi exteriore cordato-auriculata. Spicae ad ramulos solitariae terminalesque, 
usque 1'}, cm. vel plus longae, 1 !/,—2 mm. crassae; sporophylla ascen- 
dentes, postremo patentes, triangulari-ovatae, acutae, minute serrulatae, 
leviter carinatae; microsporae pallide aurantiacae, parte basali gibbis stipitato- 
capitatis ornatae, 

The specimens on hand have the macrospores still young and unde- 
veloped but it seems that in age they will be reticulate-rugulose. 

Ternate: Foramadiahi, on stones in ravine, alt, + 350 m. (V. M. A. 
BEGUIN No. 1213, 9 December 1920). 


Selaginella biformis A. BR., MS.; HIERON. in Leafl. VI, 2001; V.A. 
V.R., Mal. Fern All. 147; Supplem. I, Corr., 62. 

A specimen received from the Philippines (Luzon, Angat, M. 
RAMOS & G. EDANO, Bur. of Sci. No. 34184), has the microspores nearly 
golden-yellow, provided with stipitate-capitate projections. 


Selaginella Hieronymiana V.A.V.R., Bull. Btz. VII (1912), 31; Mal. 
Fennt All; "152, 

Also in Batjan (TEYSMANN No. 68); Ternate: Foramadiahi, 
on rocks in ravine, alt. 500 m. (V. M. À. BEGUIN No. 1292, 10 January 
1921); Soelamadaha, on stones in young forest, alt. 15 m. (V. M. A. 
BEGUIN No. 1378, 8 February 1921). — All specimens sterile but readily 
recognizable. 


Selaginella petrophila V.A,.V.R. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Intertextae. Caules repentes, spicis 
exclusis usque 8 cm. longi, laxe pinnatim ramosi, rhachide primaria !/, —*/, 
mm. Crassa, in sicco straminea, foliis lateralibus inclusis + 41/, mm. lata; 
rami remoti, breves, superiores simplices vel furcati, inferiores furcati vel 
parce pinnati, spicis exclusis usque 2 cm. longi; ramuli ultimi usque 5 mm. 


DR RP 


ii à 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 235 
longi, 1!/,—3 (hic illic usque 4) mm. lati. Folia ubique heteromorpha; 
folia lateralia patentissima (subhorizontalia) contigua vel approximata vel 
ramulorum ultimorum hic illic imbricata ; lateralia rhachidis primarjae maxima, 
oblique oblonga, + 2 mm. longa, 1!/, mm. lata, obtusiuscula vel acutiuscula, 
utrinque copiose, minute serrulata, basi superiore late rotundata vel subcordato- 
roturdata, basi inferiore anguste rotundata; lateralia ramulorum similia sed 
minora, usque 1!'/}, mm. longa; folia intermedia erecta, paullo remota vel 
approximata vel ramulorum ultimorum hic illic imbricata ; intermedia rhachidis 
primariae maxima, Ovata, + 1 mm. longa, breviter cuspidato-acuminata, 
minute serrulata, basi leviter oblique, late rotundata; intermedia ramulorum 
similia sed minora. Spicae ad ramulos terminales vel interdum in axillis 
ramulorum furcatorum, simplices vel interdum furcatae, brevissimae vel 
usque 3 cm. longae, 2 mm. latae; sporophylla lateralia patentia, conferta, 
oblique, late oblonga, acuta vel subacuta, minute serrulata, carinata ; Sporo- 
phylla intermedia erecta, imbricata, ovata, acuminata, carinata ; sporae non vidi. 

Sumatra: Deli, Sibolangit, on rocks in forest, alt. 1400 m. 
(J. A. LôRZING No. 7254, 20 February 1920). 


Selaginella subspinulosa SPRING in PI. JUNGH, 277; V.A.V.R., Mal. 
Fern AIl. 169. 

À specimen gathered by W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN (Java, Ban- 
doeng, Dago Water-fall, No. 2568) difiers from ZOLLINGERS original 
No. 2011 in having the dimensions of the leaves a little larger. Lateral leaves 
roundish-oblong to oblong, !/,—!}, as broad as long, bluntish to rounded at 
the apex, the base rounded, the upper edge remotely ciliate, obsoletely or 
very minutely serrulate towards the apex, as is the lower edge; intermedial 
leaves acuminate, ciliate on both sides, those of the main rhachis broadly 
ovate-oblong, of the ultimate branchlets proportionally narrower. 


Selaginella pcynocarpa V. A. V.R. Bull, Btz. XXII (1916), 25; Mai. 
Fern. & Al, Supplem. |, 477. 

Both macrospores and microspores apparently smooth, pale-yellow, the 
former nearly white, pulverulent when young. 

Also in Java: Buitenzorg, Mt. Tjipoetih, along rivers in forest, 
ait 600 m.(R.C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK No. 4187, 24 September 1920); 
Mt. Wiroe, on stones and trunk of tree ferns in forest, alt. 750 m. (R. C. 
BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK No 5213, 17 June 1021). 


Selaginella papana V. À. V.R. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Suberosae. — Caules parvi, caespitosi, 
ascendentes, in circuitu oblongi ad flabeilati, usque 4 cm. longi et 8 cm 
lati, copiose radicantes, a basi pinnatim decompositi, rhachide primartia in 
sicco straminea, + !/, mm. crassa, foliis lateralibus inclusis 3 — 3'/, mm. 
lata; pinnae usque + 5 utrinque, superiores erecto-patentes, parce simpliciter 


236 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 








pinnatae, inferiores patentes vel horizontales, pinnatim decompositae ; ramuli 
ultimi brevissimi, usque 4 mm. longi, 2—2'/, mm. lati, utrinque 1 —4-foliati. 
Folia tenuiter herbacea, ubique heteromorpha, cellulis scleroticis anguste 
pellucido-marginata; folia lateralia rhachidis primariae subremota, horizontalia 
vel subhorizontalia, oblonga, usque 2!'/, mm. longa, + 1 mm. lata, acuta 
vel acutiuscula, semifacie superiore in parte superiore obsolete denticülata, 
in parte inferiore remote, minute serrulata, basi late rotundata parce breviter 
subspinuloso-ciliolata, semifacie inferiore obsolete denticulata, basi anguste 
rotundata; lateralia ramulorum ultimorum approximata, leviter ascendentia, 
fere 2 mm. longa et 1 mm. lata, basi superiore angustiora, rotundato-cuneata ; 
folia intermedia erecta; intermedia rhachidis primariae conferta, ovata, usque 
fere 2 mm. longa, subacuminata, remote et obsolete vel minutissime serrulata, 
basi leviter oblique rotundata ; intermedia ramulorum imbricata, paullo breviora 
sed distinctius acuminata. Spicae numerosae, ad ramulos ultimos terminales, 
solitariae, usque 1 cm. longae vel probabiliter longiores, 3 mm. latae; 
sporophylla anguste pellucido-marginata; lateralia subhorizontalia, lanceolato- 
oblonga, acuta, remote et obsolete vel minute serrulata, carinata ; intermedia 
suberecta, imbricata, quam lateralia vix breviora, ovata, acuminata, remote, 
breviter spinuloso-ciliolata, subcarinata; macrosporae eburneae vel citrinae, 
copiose irregulariter graciliter subreticulato-rugulosae; microsporae. . . . . 

In the very numerous spikes 1 found only macrosporangia. — By the 
habit as well referrible to the /rfertextae. 

Riouw Archipelago: Poeloe Papan, on trunk of tree in forest, 
alt. 15 m. (H. A. B. BüNNEMEIJER No. 7818, 6 September 1919). 


Selaginella modica V. À. V.Rk. 

Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Suberosae. — Caules e basi breviter de- 
cumbente ascendentes vel erecti, 10 — 20 cm. longi, usque vel fere usque 
ad ‘basin pinnatim ramosi, usque ad medium radicantes, usque 1 mm. 
crassi, in sicco straminei et sulcati vel angulosi, foliis lateralibus inclusis 
+ 7 mm. lati; pinnae superiores per breves, simplices vel furcatae, infe- 
riores 2-pinnatae, majores usque 10 cm, longae; ramuli ultimi maxime 
1, cm. longi, 21/, — 3 mm. lati. Folia ubique heteromorpha; folia lateralia 
ubique remota, patentia; lateralia caulina oblonga, usque 4 mm. longa et 
2 mm. lata, apicem obtusiusculum versus obsolete vel minutissime serrulata, 
semifacie superiore basin late rotundato-subcordatam versus sensim ciliolata, 
semifacie inferiore basin truncato-rotundatam vel -subcordatam versus in- 
tegerrima; lateralia ramulorum minora, usque 2 mm. longa; folia intermedia 
erecta; intermedia caulina remota, late ovata, + 1'/, — 1°}, mm. longa, 
apicem subabrupte acuminatum versus minutissime serrulata, semifacie 
interiore basin versus sensim ciliolata, basi semicordata, auricula rotundata, 
semifacie exteriore basi plus minusve producta, adnata, rotundata, integerrima; 
intermedia ramulorum imbricata, basi interiore rotundata vel late rotundato- 
cuneata, basi exteriore decurrenti-cuneata. Spicae copiosae, solitariae (saepe 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 237 





specie 2-nae), ad ramulos terminales, usque + 7 mm. longae, 211,—3 mm. 
latae; sporophylla lateralia conferta, vix imbricata, patentia, oblonga, leviter 
recurvata, apicem obtusiusculum versus obsolete vel minutissime serrulata, 
carinata, semifacie superiore cum carina basin versus minute serrulata; 
sporophylla intermedia suberecta, triangulari-ovata, apicem acuminatum 
versus minute serrulata, basin versus sensim ciliGlata; macrosporae per- 
pallide flavidae, subalbae, laeves, in juventute pulverulentes ; microsporae 
aurantiacae, copiose, minutissime verruculosae. $ 

Java: Besoeki, M. Kendeng, forest-path, alt. 1100 m. (Er. 
BACKER No. 30731, 18 April 1920). 


Selaginella varians V. À. V. KR. 
Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Suberosae. —— Cauies € bas breviter 


decumbente erecti, 15—35 cm. alti, pinnatim ramosi, plus minusve crassi, 


spongiosi, in sicco pallide brunnei, irregulariter sulcati vel angulosi, foliis 
lateralibus inclusis usque + 4 mm. lati; pinnae pinnatae, pinnulis superio- 
ribus simplicibus, ceteris furcatis vel parce pinnatis ; ramuli ultimi brevissimi, 
spicis exclusis 1—2 mm. longi, + 1 mm. lati. Folia crassa, heteromorpha ; 
folia lateralia valde ascendentia; lateralia caulina remota, breviter et late 
oblonga, in sicco apicem versus involuta, usque 2 mm. longa, 1 nm. lata, 
valde inaequilatera, obtusa vel obtusiuscula, semifacie superiore minute 
serrulata, basi late rotundata, semifacie inferiore integerrima vel obsolete 
serrulata, basi angustata; lateralia ramulorum similia sed multo minora, 
imbricata; folia intermedia erecta; intermedia caulina remota, ad apices 
callorum longitudinalium, latorum, planorum posita, ovata, + 1 !/, mm. longa, 
acuminata, minute serrulata, basi aequilatera; intermedia ramulorum similia 
sed multo minora, imbricata. Spicae ad apices ramulorum solitariae, /,—1 cm. 
longae, 1 '/, mm. latae; sporophylla lateralia patentia, breviter late oblique 
oblonga, quam intermedia vix longiora, obtusiuscula vel. acutiuscula, 
minute serrulata; sporophylla intermedia suberecta, ovata, acuminiata, minute 
serrulata, cCarinata; macrosporae pallide flavidae, decidue verruculosae, 
postremo laeves; microsporae pallide aurantiacae vel aurantiaco-flavidae, 
dense verrucosae. 

Form typica. — Sumatra: Deli, Sibolangit, sunny hill side, alt. 
400 m. (J. A. LÔRZING No. 6312a, 30 January 1919). 

Forma sciaphila: Caules 6-8 cm. lati; ramuli ultimi 2 mm. lati. 
Folia tenuia; folia lateralia caulina approximata ad remota, subhorizontalia, 
plana, usque 4 mm. longa, 1 !/, mm. lata, minus inaequilatera, basi superiore 
minus late rotundata ; folia intermedia caulina ad apices callorum angustiorum, 
minus planorum. Spicae 1—2 cm. longae, 2 min. latae, sporophyllis latera- 
libus quam intermediis multo ‘longioribus, 

Sumatra: Deli, Sibolangit, ou slightly shaded tuff-walls or on 
large stones in primeval forest, alt. 400 m. (J. A. LüRzZING Nos, 63126-, 
30 January 1919). 


238 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE HI, VOLE. V, LIVR. 3. 





Selaginella aristata SPRING, Mon. Eycop. Il, 245; v. A V5 RME 
Fern AÏl., 191. 

Var. Kaudernii: A forma typica differt caulibus paullo robustioribus, 
foliis lateralibus minus remotis, subapproximatis, subintegerrimis, hic illie 
valde obsolete serrulatis, obtusioribus, macrosporis minutissime, decidue 
puncticulato-verruculosis. 

Celebes: Goeroepahi, open ground in rain-forest, alt. 600 m. (W, 
KAUDERN No. 7, 18 March 1917). 


Selaginella verruculosa  V. À. V.R. 

Heterophyllum, Pleiostelicae. —— Caules e basi repente erecti, usque 
40 50 cm. alti, copiose verruculosi, parte inferiore simplices, stipitiformes, 
3-stelici, foliati, in sicco irregulariter sulcati, pallide brunneï, parte superiore 
pinnatim ramosi, usque 25 cm. vel plus longi; pinnae ascendentes, lineari- 
lanceolatae, usque 17!/, cm, vel plus longae, copiose pinnatae; pinnulae 
contiguae, ascendentes, usque 2 cm. longae, 3 — 5 mm. latae, terminales 
non raro caudato-elongatae. Folia integerrima; folia caulina subisomorpha, 
remota, erecta, falcato-oblonga, acuta; caulina lateralia basi interiore 
deflexo-calcarata, basi exteriore auriculata; calcar foliorum superiorum 
breve integerrimumque, foliorum inferiorum elongatum eroso-denticulatum- 
que; auricula conspicue hamato-incurvata, eroso-denticulata; caulina interme- 
dia basi 2-auriculata, auriculis conspicue hamato-incurvatis, imbricatis; folia 
ramorum heteromorpha; folia axillaria rhachidis primariae basi 2-auriculata, 
auriculis conspicue hamato-incurvatis, imbricatis, eroso-denticulatis ; folia 
axillaria ramulorum basi integerrima ; folia lateralia rhachidum secundariarum 
subhorizontalia, approximata, subfalcato-deltoidea, obtusiuscula vel acutiuscula, 
maxima + 4 mm. longa, basi + 1!/, mm. lata, semifacie superiore cellulis 
scleroticis anguste pellucido-marginata, basi rotundato-cuneata, vix denticulato- 
calcarata, semifacie inferiore basi truncato-cordata,; lateralia ramulorum 
(pinnularum) subsimilia, contigua, minora, usque 3 mm. longa, magis falcata, 
basi superiore decurrenti-subplicata, basi inferiore truncata; folia intermedia 
erecta; intermedia rhachidum secundariarum subfalcato-lanceolata, usque 3 
mm. longa, subacuta, utrinque anguste pellucido-marginata, basi interiore 
minute deflexo-calcarata, basi exteriore valde producta, auriculata, auricula 
conspicue hamato-incurvata; intermedia ramulorum minora, imbricata, sub- 
acuminata, basi interiore cuneata, basi exteriore rotundato-cordata. Spicae ad 
ramulos solitariae terminalesque, + 1!/, mm. crassae ; sporophylla triangulari- 
ovata, acuta, integerrima; macrosporae flavidae ad purpureo-brunneae, minute 
verruculosae; microsporae flavidae, copiose verruculosae, gibbis basalibus 
saepe paullo elongatis, cufvatis vel flexuosis. 

S. eracilis MOORE differs from this in having the axillary leaves 
of the branchlets 2-auriculate, commoniy acutely hastate, and the lateral 
leaves (at least those of the secondary rhachises) distinctly calcarate- 
auriculate, 


VAN ALDERWERELT VAN ROSENBURGH: Malayan Ferns 12. 239 
Ternate: Foramadiahi, on rocks in dark-shady ravine, alt: 500 m. 
(V. M. À. BEGUIN No. 1289, 9 January 1921). 


Selaginella stipulata (BL.) SPRING, Mon. Lycop. I, 144: V. A. V.R,. 
Mal. Fern AÏL 204.— Lycopodium stipulatum BL., Enum. PI. Jav. Il, 268. 

Plants recently gathered near Buitenzorg (Java, Mt. Tjipoetih, along 
water-side in forest, alt. 690 m., R.C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK No. 
5042, 24 September 1920) agree nearly exactly with specimens of this, 
occurring in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, determined by HIERONYMUS. — 
The stem is irregularly angular when dry, with the lower axillary leaves 
relatively large, 2 — 4-times as large as the laterai leaves; spikes 2 mm. 
diam ; macrospores when young yellow-brown, at length brown, white- 
cretaceous, minutely verruculose or nearly smooth, with the projections 
roundish or slightly ruguliform; microspores pale-yellow or yellowish- 
white, densely clavate-tuberculate. 


Selaginella heteromorpha V. A. V.R. in Bull. Btz. I, (1920) 183. 

BüNNEMEIJER S No. 8204 from Mt. Koerintji (Sumatra) differs in 
having the axillary leaves somewhat more elongated, varying from ovate 
to subobovate, broadest at or near the middle, the branched upper part 
of the shoots more copiously provided with accessory shoots in the axils 
of the pinnae and pinnulae, the leaves invariably entire, the lower sporo- 
phylla often sterile, reduced, those of the macro- and microsporangia 
nearly uniform. 


Selaginella Usteri HIERON. in Leafl, Philipp. Bot. VI, 2055. 

Var. halmaheirae: Caules breviores, usque + 75 cm. alti, parte ramosa 
deorsum copiose 3-pinnata, haud sub-4-pinnata, ramulis ultimis foliis latera- 
libus inclusis usque 5 mm. latis. Basi antica foliorum lateralium ramorum 
principalium conspicue revoluto-plicato-auriculata, ramulorum ultimorum 
leviter plicato-auriculata; basi foliorum intermediorum minus distincte rotun- 
dato-auriculata, Macrosporae . . . . ; microsporae cristis conspicue 
undulatis. 

Perhaps a distinct species near S. Usferi HIERON.— Malay name: 
Kekètoe. 

Halmaheira: Galèla, road side, alt, 30 m. (V. M. À. BEGUIN No. 
1788, 27 September 1921). 


Selaginella muricata CES. Fel BECC. Polin., 9; V. A. V. R,, Mal. 
Ferit AIL 218, 

Var. inermis V.À.V.R,, I.c.: À specimen from Ternate(Foramadiahi, 
in forest, alt. 550 m., V. M. A. BEGUIN No. 1183) is distinguished in having 
the shoots independent, erect, to 1 m. high, with the main stem pale-brown 
when dry, about 6—9 mm. thick, 5-stelical, hardly verruculose, rather 
smooth, opaque, with the leaves remote, erect, isomorphous, triangular, 


240 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Ill, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





bluntish, 2-auriculate-cordate at the base, the secondary rhachises 3-stelical, 
with the leaves subisomorphous, oblong, straight or subfalcate, bluntish, 
the base varying from rounded to narrowly incurvate-cordate ; macrospores 
dark-brown, deciduously pruinose, copiously puncticulate-verruculose ; mi- 
crospores pale-yellowish, irregularly tuberculate-verruculose. 


UEBER EINE WACHSART IM MILCHSAFT VON 
FICUS ALBA REINW. 


von 


A1]: OPTÉE: 


Es ist eine bekannte Tatsache, dass der Michsaft von verschiedenen 
Ficusarten reich an Wachs ist, bisweilen dermassen, dass früher wohl 
von den Eingeborenen dieses Wachs zwecks Verwendung beim ,,Batikken” 
durch Eindampfen des Saftes gewonnen wurde. 

U.a. muss das der Fall gewesen sein beim Wachse von Ficus variegata 
BL, Ficus fulva REINW. und Ficus toxicaria L. Indem aber jetzt allgemein 
Nebenproducte der Petroleumindustrie zu diesem Zwecke verwendet werden, 
hat dieses Wachs seine Bedeutung verloren. 

In anderen Ficusarten kommt nur eine geringe Menge Wachs vor, 
z. B. im Miüilchsaît von Ficuse elastica ROXB. !), in wieder anderen fehlt es 
vollständig, z. B. im Milchsaîft von Ficus Vogelii MIQ. *). 

Von keinem dieser Wachse ist die Zusammensetzung bekannt. Wohl 
haben Greshoff und Sack %) das Wachs von Ficus variegata (Cera Fici) 
untersucht und waren der Meinung, nachgewiesen zu haben, dass der 
wichtigste Bestandteil ein Ester von Ficocerylsäure und Ficocerylalkohol 
ist — beide nach G. und S. neue Verbindungen— aber vom Verfasser t) 
dieser Arbeit wurde festgestellt, dass diese Untersuchung den Tatsachen 
nicht entsprach und dass der s.g. Ficocerylalkoho!l mit f- Amyrin identisch 
ist. Eben so wenig ist die Ficocerylsäure eine neue Verbindung; unsere 
Untersuchung über diese Säure ist noch nicht abgeschlossen aber z. g. Z. 
hoffen wir den Beweis zu liefern, dass diese Säure ein Gemisch darstellf, 
das u.a. Palmitinsäure enthäit. 

Über das Wachs von Ficus fulva haben wir 5) kürzlich eine Mitteilung 
publiziert. Wohl wurde die Stearinsäure in reinem Zustande isoliert, aber 
der Alkohol (Alkohole?) konnte wegen Materialmangels noch nicht studiert 
werden. 


‘) Uïtée, Chem. Weëkbl. 9. 773; (1912). 

2) , , Ber. Chem. Ges. 54, 784;.(1921). 

5) Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas. 20, 65; (1901). 
4) Pharm. Weekbl. 52, 1097; (1915). 

5) Dieses Bulletin. Vol. V, 105; (1922). 


242 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Ill, VOL. V, LIVR. 3. 





Wachse von anderen Ficusarten sind überhaupt noch nicht untersucht 
worden. 

Es ist uns gelungen, in die Zusammensetzung des Wachses von 
Ficus alba REINW., Klarheit zu bringen deren, Milchsaîft so reich an 
diesem Bestandteil ist, dass er gewiss in der “Batik”-Industrie Verwendung 
gefunden hätte, wenn der Baum nicht so selten wäre. 

Am Ostabhang des Tengger-Gebirges (Ostjava) traf ich ein Exemplar 
einer Ficusart an, welche durch Dr. SMITH, Direktor am Herbarium 
des botanischen Gartens in Buitenzorg, als Ficus alba REINW. determiniert 
wurde. 

Auf die übliche Weise wurde der Saîft aus dem Stamm gewonnen und 
auf der Stelle mit Alkohol coaguliert, wodurch ich 20 g. des lufttrockenen 
Coagulums erhielt. 

Der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt desselben betrug 1.1!°/,, der Aschengehalt 0.4°/,. 

Um das Wachs dar zu stellen, wurden 12 g. des Coagulums so oît 
mit der 50-fachen Menge Alkohol ausgekocht, bis nichts mehr in Lôsung 
überging, was nach drei Extractionen gelang. 

Nur ein geringer Rückstand blieb zurück, welcher u. a. Teilchen von 
Rinde und Schmutz enthielt, die beim Zapfen in den Saît geraten waren. 
Dieser Riückstand wurde mit Benzol ausgezogen um ev. vorhandenen 
Kautschuk in Lôüsung zu bringen. Durch Eindampfen dieser Benzollôsung bis 
auf einige cem. und Zufügen von Alkohol wurde ein geringer einigermassen 
kautschukähnlicher Niederschlag erhalten. Der Gehait dieses Milchsaîtes an 
Kautschuk (falls überhaupt vorhanden) ist also sehr gering; weniger als 
1/49/, des Coagulums. 

Demgegenüber ist die Menge Wachs sehr gross; aus den beiden ersten 
alkoholischen Auszügen erhielt ich resp. 4.0 und 3,5 g. mit den Schmelzpunkten 
56-—58° und 57—59°, indem sich durch Eindampfen der sämtlichen Mut- 
terlaugen noch 1.8 g, S—53—60°, ausschied, im Ganzen also 10.2 £. Die 
festen Bestandteile des Michsafts von Ficus alba setzen sich also in der 
Hauptsache aus Wachs zusammen. 

Dieses Wachs wurde auf die bei Ficus fulva beschriebene Weise 
behandelt, wodurch eine Fettsäure und ein hochmolekularer Alkoho!l, im 
Verhältnis 1: + 1.5, erhalten wurde. 

Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Säure ebenso wie bei Ficus fulva Stearin- 
säure war. Sie wurde leicht in glänzenden Blättchen, S—69°, erhalten, Bei 
Mischung mit reiner Stearinsäure wurde keine Schmelzpunkt- Erniedrigung 
konstatiert, 0.3757 g. verbrauchten zur Neutralisation (Phenolphthaleïn) 10.1 
cem. 0.1300 n. NaOH, entsprechend einem Mol. Gew. 286, übereinstimmend 
mit dem der Stearinsäure, derer M. G. 284 ist. 

Der Alkohol gab die Phytosterin- Reaktionen von Salkowski und 
Liebermann, war aber nicht identisch mit dem Sterin von ÆFicus fulva, die 
botanisch in naher Beziehung zu Ficus alba steht, da beide der Sektion 
Eusyce angehôren. 


ULTÉE: Ueber eine Wachsart im Milchsaft von Ficus Alba Reinw 243 











Es stellte sich heraus, dass der Alkoho!l ein Gemisch von Sterinen war, 
das durch Umkristallisation nicht getrennt werden konnte. Dies gelarg aber 
wohl mittels der Acetate, die durch Kochen der Alkohole mit einer gleichen 
Menge Natriumacetat (wasserfrei) und der zehnfachen Menge Essigsaüre- 
anhydrid bereitet wurden. Durch fractionierte Kristallisation aus Alkohol 
wurde ziemlich leicht die schwerstlüsliche Verbinduñng mit einem konstanten 
Schmelzpunkte von 235° erhalten, weniger leicht ein zweites Acetat, das 
bei 2130 schmolz. Diese Schmelzpunkte sind identisch mit denen von ÿ- 
Amyrinacetat und Lupeolacetat. Dass tatsächlich diese Verbindungen vorlagen, 
going aus Mischproben mit reinem p- Amyrinacetat und Lupeolacetat hervor, 
wobei keine Schmelzpunkt-Erniedrigung festgestellt wurde. 

Weiter wurde jedes der Acetate verseift und so Alkohole erhalten, die 
bei J950 und 2110 schmolzen, welche Schmelzpunkte mit denen von f- 
Amyrin und Lupeol übereinstimmen und keine Abänderung zeigten, als 


resp. mit reinem f- Amyrin und Lupeol gemischt wurde. 


Zum Schluss wurde aus den Mutterlaugen der Acetate nach Verseifung 
und Benzoylierung mit Benzoylichiorid und Pyridin das schwer lôsliche 
Benzoat, S— 2650, erzielt, das sich mit Lupeolbenzoat identisch zeigte. 

Das Wachs von Ficus alba setzt sich also hauptsächlich aus einem 
Gemisch von f- Amyrinstearinat und Lupeolstearinat zusammen. 

Es ist nicht ausgeschlossen, dass noch Stearinate von anderen Sterinen 
anwesend sind, wenn auch die Môglichkeit, dass sie in einigermassen 
reichlicher Menge vorkommen, gering ist. Ein Drittel der Sterine wurde ja 


als reiner p- Amyrinacetat erhalten, ungefähr eben soviel als Lupeolacetat. 


Falls ein drittes Sterin, z.B. «- Amyrin in bedeutender Menge anwesend 
wäre, so müsste die Trennung von ÿ- Amyrinacetat und Lupeolacetat vie] 
schwerer zu erzielen sein. 

Verbindungen von hôheren Fettsäuren und Sterinen waren bis jetzt noch 
nicht aus Milchsäften isoliert worden. Da aber in Milchsäften, nicht allein 
von Ficus abla, üfters Wachs nachgewiesen wurde, ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit 
gross, dass sie häufig vorkommen. 

Eine Verbindung von f- Amyrin und Palmitinsäure wurde von Hesse ') 
aus dem Wachs der Coca-Blätter abgesondert. 





Wwjieb Ann, 271,184: (1892). 


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O8 "HAUT 48 w at ale ide tisi ea dern 


V4 vu PA L An Re nm: fui ‘ eu Fi cas al} d, * Qu à ra halte a 
at M Ps HA 


} f die x DATES : Rat 2 





ci mhemriss nt 


— 245 — 


TAFELN JAVANISCHER ORCHIDEEN 
von 


PP SMITH 


Unter obigem Titel beabsichtige ich die Figuren der in den Nachträgen 
zu ,die Orchideen von Java” behandelten Arten zu verôfientlichen. 


TAB. 18. 


Neuwiedia veratrifolia BL, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV (1914), 1. 


a. 


eRNs 


Unpaares Sepalum ?/:. 
Paariges Sepalum */:. 
Petalum ‘/;. 

Labellum ?/;. 

Säule von oben */;. 
Griffel von unten {/;. 


Il, Neuwiedia Zollingeri RCHB.F. J.].S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV (1914), 3. 


Blüte von der Seite 2/.. 
Blüte von unten ?/,. 
Unpaares Sepalum 7/3. 
Paariges Sepalum “/:. 
Petalum #/;. 

Labellum %/. 

Fruchtknoten mit Säule /5. 
Frucht 4/2 

Querschnitt der Frucht {/:. 


IT. Apostasia Wallichii R. BR. J. J. S. in Bull. Dép. Agr. Ind. néerl. XIII (1907), 1. 


RE DC D 


(Nach einem sumatranischen Exempiar), 
Blüte 13/,. 
Unpaares Sepalum °/1. 
Paariges Sepalum °/1. 
Petalum */.. 
Säule von oben !!/,. 
Säule von der Seite !!/.. 


TAB. 18. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. 
J. J. SMITH: Tafeln javanische Orchidcen. 





























J. J. Sir, del. 

















V3 ei Vix he 96 Mio 408 ,busl .Hu4 ni € ANCNI 254 pe bdsri .l fatl 
pm" 1 MIRE 291860 TS 
dE CL'innl£QéÀ 2990684 SU 


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ù 1 IUBT + 


t « 2 ste C 2 C ce th: + 7 Tl'4 love A VAN | lunéadie 
ÉD XI 152 9€ 04 04 DisbUiue nj € .[tiierobion A shian dsn 
<\ mifisqse 2bhssqnu } .5 

mulénse ebâirrsdl | 
NE HIER 3 


+ Lee 6 

«Ÿ EG 'ONU"SUdI. es 4 
a 

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d A . £ 4 te ét L 1 ARE TT rt € Free ein | 
RC jo! 23 SC tius io tb1sl ue ni. L'éenotmansd gfrBne en Hi] Fe 
tir 4 11 nattct# : 1 
à Hi {: ÿ 91H61 7.8 | 
mi n À H F à À M 
re Toi 4e bd 

"MAIS ITEEUNLS 

ele 3e 2991188 

Mn 

MNI815 7 £ 
LE 4 1 ù k 
‘ 
à 
yet 
NP? 
PL: 
f 
/ CE 
{ 
LL 
1000 k 
| 
: FA 
+ L “\! 
f F 4 





ñ 
L 
rer 


TAB. 19. 


LL Habenaria Backeri J.]J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér, XIV (1914), 13, 
a, Unpaares Sepalum ?/.. 

Paariges Sepalum l/:. 

Petalum !!/:. 

Lippe */1. 

Säule 4/.. 


Il. Habenaria Koordersii ].]J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 2. 
a, Unpaares Sepalum 7/2. 

Paariges Sepalum ?/:. 

Petalum 7/3. 

d. Lippe und Säule ‘/:. 

Säule 3/,. 


SRE 


E 


Ill. Habenaria bantamensis ].]J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 5. 
a. Braktee !!;;. 
b, Biüte 2/.. 

Unpaares Sepalum 1/5. 

Paariges Sepalum !$/5. 

Petalum “/.. 

Lippe 5/2. 


Säule 5/.. 


nm © à A 


19, 


TAB. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V, 
J. J. SmirH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 

















J. ]. SMITH, del. 





ee rt TA 


£ 


PT, CEE 
er 





Lio $ }. pi 4 ÿ 





TAB. 20. 


1, Habenaria curvicalcar J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV (1914), 8. 
Biüte UE 


b. Unpaares Sepalum 1°, 
c. Paariges Sepalum °/.. 
d. Petalum £/.. 

e. Lippe Ÿ/1 

F Sanie ns 


Il. Habenaria Loerzingii J. J. S. in Bull. Jard, Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV (1914), 16. 


Säule von der Seite 5/;. 
Säule von oben !5/:. 


a. Biüte 2/,;. : 

b. Unpaares Sepalum 5/,. 
c. Paariges Sepalum /.. 
d. Petalum 5/,. 

ee Mippe li 

É 

£. 


II. Habenaria Rumphii LNDL. var. javanica J. ]. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV 


(1914), 12. 

a. Blüte ?/.. 

b. Unpaares Sepalum £/.. 
c. Paariges Sepalum !7/: 
d. Petalum !7/. 

e. Lippe und Säule 5/.. 
Lt Aippe M}, 


TAB. 20. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série II, MOI AVE 
J. J. Smira: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 





]. J. SMITH, del, 





} ne ; E NT 7” = ht 
# LL BOT: Eu ja t Lo ; 
arr Javocihe Ortlieen 








"+ 
| h æ o : : 
Dr ‘’ 
ON = ur: #1 
À . ie a L . 
+ un | 
” 4 : 
| * 
D Ê Vo _ 3 
L 
L L 
PL 
A | ' 
ms # . 1 
| 
ES SAT 
| 1e 
{ 6 ? Le 4. É . 
Au MTL YOU ob TOME tof EA8t HU Ni 206 | siinoval #irsqeicf 
L k p du: g > L _ 2 
+ Où COR EI 
4 N'otütg 
: tri i ee ETISOUNE > 
| “ » ET } 1921181 c be] 
! 1 ; : | 
1 L A HÉQAN SIREN 2a0iX À 


CAMION AREEMEICT 4 


HS Hit TUE] LU 





TAB. 21. 


Disperis javanica J.J.S, in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV (1914), 19. 
Pflanze UE 

Blüte 5/1. 

Unpaares Sepalum 5/. 

Paariges Sepalum ‘/1. 

Petalum 4/,. 

Lippe und Säule von oben !/.. 

Dieselben von unten t/:. 

Pollinium !5/:. 


0 oo ANS 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB" 21 
J. J. Smiru: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 





























ee 
4 
“ 


4 \ 
1 A 


| GA Ÿ \ 
L n Le NS À \ À 
l 


fl 

















]J. J. SmiTH, del. 





| n | , | À | l 


Ne AN «2 < ns 













LE LL: 0 | | g b | 
LL (ni 1 l toAUItrEs té, Sécr pi à u | 


TU Top Jovogiarhe Orehittees 


TAB: 22: 


I. Corysanthes carinata ].].S. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind. Néerl. XIII (1907), 8. 
a. Pflanze 4/3. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum /. 
c. Paariges Sepalum ‘/3. 
d. Längsschnitt der Lippe 7/4. 
e. Säule 4/;. 


Il. Corysanthes imperatoria ].].S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV (1914), 22. 
Pflanze 3/2. 

Blüte ?2/:. 

Unpaares Sepalum ?/:. 

Lippe von der Seite !!/.. 

Lippe der Länge nach zusammengelegt 4/,. 

Lippe der Breite nach zusammengelegt ?/,, 

Säule °/:. 


nm MAN CL 


22. 


T AB. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. 
J. J. Smirn: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 




















J. J, SMITH, del. 









11" . L FRE & 4 
3 Nan. | à A3 2h ANS LS ? qu tie jh L 


, Ne M 2E — a, 
1 À SM ll Tafeir 10 VAnISCHE MON HA LP 
NE L - 


: ” 
, 
» 
ses 
‘ À 
: \ n 
Le 
u » 
7 . 
n : hs” 
ve II 36 ANNE 
[ 0 » « 
«j, Hi è 121 m4 | 
} ’ 
« {et ] J0 | 
n 
 5}j52 19h | ; L 
CR 190 19 1 i 
A 3 
tort n 4 ) ; 
PRET ENTENTAL RS » z J À k 
#] N 
& - pa og. É-| es [) 
7 


»: US (1£01) UL eme oc nst ADO | Fesniueecrod. if 
. ) - , | jf 4 È « e P 
| (Ep } | He 


TAB. 25. 


I. Corysanthes picta LNDL. var. karangensis J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér. IE 


(1921), 230. 

Pflanze S5/:. 

Unpaares Sepalum !{/:. 

Paariges Sepalum !/:. 

Petalum !/1. 

Lippe von der Seite °/2. 

Lippe der. Breite nach zusammengelegt /3. 


.Säule °?/2. 


mrpeaocy 


Corysanthes vinosa J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér. Ili (1921), 233. 


Unpaares Sepalum “/3. 

Petalum 7/5. 

Lippe von der Seite (beschädigt) 2/1. 
Lippe der Breite nach zusammengelegt °/4. 


Säule 1/4. 


IT, 


0820 Sp 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB, 23: 
J. J. SmirH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 




















JA SMITA, del. 





1 La 
1 AE rs 


à RP ‘ A ” sai, 7 
se NT i ! Miut LE LA L CRI ELLTE 


2 . 

ART n46 7 

. MmHIEUoC 
L' 


ce sanisane 


PTET Ne 
In 41° La 


n ! 4 C1 - 
(NH IEEE 


= 
“Eh 2014419 


Re 
DARAL' TE 





TAB. 24. 


I. Nervilia Winckelii ].J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit, 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 1. 
a. Unpaares Sepalum “/.. 
b. Paariges Sepaium “/.. 
c. Petalum 3/.. 
d. Lippe ‘5. 
e. Säule 3/. 
f. Anthere 7/.. 


Il, Cryptostylis conspicua J.].S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér. III (1921), 247. 
a. Braktee 5/4. 
bb: Blüters/z. 
c. Unpaares Sepalum ‘/:. 
d. Paariges Sepalum ‘/:. 
e,f. Petalen ?/:. 
g. Lippe ausgebreitet 5/4. 
h. Säulie 3/.. 
i. Anthere 7/4. 
j. Pollinium f/:. 


HI. Cryptostylis acutata ].J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot, Buit. 3e sér. III (1921), 243. 
a. Braktee 2/.. 

Blüte 6/5. 

Unpaares Sepalum !!/5. 

Paariges Sepalum ?2/,. 

Petalum 3/,. 

Lippe und Säule #/;. 

Lippe ausgebreitet °/3. 

Säule Dire 

Anthere 13/,. 

Pollinarium 5/:. 


near 


Che te ps 
. . re] 


IV. Cryptostylis arachnites HASSK, J.J.S, in Bull. Jard, Bot. Buit. 3e sér, III (1921), 240. 
a. Braktee 5/.. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum ?/:. 
c. Paariges Sepalum #/;. 
d. Petalum ?/. 
e. Lippe von der Seite 5/,. 
f,g. Lippe ausgebreitet 5/:. 
h. Säule 7/.. 
il. Anthere !!/.. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. 


TAB. 24, 
J. J. Smiru: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 
































MANN 
N 


du, \ 
l (LL | \ 
&. 











= 


NO 












































ù 
init 
HUIMONREEEe 

cages 





J. J. SMITH, del. 
























1 | | Jan or, Dlvrneies, SOHE Not. V. l'An 
Bitrents Tofuin Javgetené Orehleet, 
à 





fi 
4} | Aus 
k LR 

_ Ÿ l i 

ns. HAT ) 


€ (81e) à hs Sal # tue. jo! brel QUE nf. Fe IUT aiimonnsel :! 


t | #\F sS 5 

= d sr nniedée estRhquis.. 
ee : …% titine. aghsni b 
| > AA . su MTITIES b 
D : \ | L'Egn ee jui bnu a 3 
à den RER PA “ lotte agi À 
4 | | Et SN1T0Y HoY ao À 1 
c «TU asdo np? gdinA A 


CCE REz 


ee d ( 
AIO) VA De oc cet 104 brel Alyé-ni Ns :) sable AE 2: RE 

AR songe snopqng ik 

H 


8 se UMR JULIE 


Ü _ : 4 3 N 
| CPR : .*t euiltsd Ur 
15 ; r ii : L Font ù ( 4" 
0 Fa = E IRC. DIN SQL 
L ro hr" | ot ea equll à 4 


LR [ + At ste tabous. 
4 à : 40 MÉIMEMOIENUES 


"Ca 


Fa 0e Se to nel VE ce M J Ta RE de y AE 





y FU nsd0 yLaluñe bu ro n.| 

OR + 1douens saqif + 
à d .<e sne, & , ‘a 
AM a1aftrA un = 
Lane qui JOUA - | 





TAB. 29: 


1. Lecanorchis pauciflora J.J.S. in Bull, Jard, Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 6. 

a. Blüte 5/3. 

b. Unpaares Sepalum 7/4. 

c, Paariges Sepalum ?/1. 

d. Petalum °/4. 

e. Lippe und Säule /.. 

f. Lippe ausgebreitet 1/4. 
g. Anthere von vorne "/3 
h 


/ 


Anthere von oben l#/,. 


IL Lecanorchis multiflora ].J.S. in Bull, Jard, Bot, Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 8. 
a. Unpaares Sepalum !!/3 
b. Paariges Sepalum 15/4. 
c. Petalum ‘3/3. 
d. Lippe und Säule 7/2. 
e. Lippe ausgebreitet 4/1. 
f. Säule von der Seite f/.. 
8 


/ 


Säule von unten 6/1. 


II. Galeola javanica BTH. J.]J.S. in Bull. Jard, Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 12. 
Blüte 3/2. 

Unpaares Sepalum /s. 

Paariges Sepalum */2. 

Petalum /3. 

Lippe und Säule von oben 7/4. 

Lippe ausgebreitet ?/:. 

Säule 5/2. 

Anthere !!/2. 

Frucht im Querschnitt 5/4. 


Meme en cn 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB 25. 
J. J. Smirn: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 









oe 
































ISMirx, del. 








TAB. 26. 


IL. Gastrodia crispa J.].S. in Bull. Jard, Bot. Buit. 3e sér. III (1921), 248. 
Biüte von oben 2/1. 

Sepalen und Petalen ausgebreitet °/5. 

Lippe und Säule {/. 

Lippe ausgebreitet 5/,. 

Säule von unten ‘/1. 

Anthere 16/3. 


repepcs 





IL Didymoplexis obreniformis J.J,S. in Bull, Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV (1914), 26. 
Blüte von unten 7/2. 
Biüte von der Seite 4/1. 

Unpaares Sepalum und Petalen “/1. 
Paarige Sepalen /1. 

Lippe von der Seite 5/,. 

Lippe ausgebreitet 5/:. 

Säule von der Seite 15: 

Säule von unten 8/3. 

Anthere 7/.. 


np encp 


_ BuLL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB. 26. 
J. J. Smiru: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 


















































Ja ) di | D 
AL ND 
CA | h j, 1 
\ AL ! A7 
ANAL À DZ 
NZ 
SK \\ \\2l: WLZ 
NL W 


J. J. Smiru, del, 











y 
Ni 


x 18 1) aux fou Al JhgA 0 Hume lt suplidô | dk ho 1 Ua | 
"y 0 (2) 1 SOÏNPA LE | Ar 
















% ŸL Male 15b nov 9BIS " .d . 
te, "46 noinu-nov AilA ,9 
v « ù 
a nulles essqntl .D A” 
eut risque saisi .9 nr 
tn ” : NA 
1\” ANUIIEN . à 
Ponai) Piténslsqase SA NSRA 3 to 
Pb med /:: 7) dt : 5 
AE nodls9ti" ,1 . 
\atier 19h nov 31H8<C | re 
\ m4 f {| Û 
LATE SH6HIA: snnio 98e LI 4 | 
 : / j 
APHBdo nov SOS; PA 7 
LATE AU artits t … 
rail » | 
AS murs (11 se 
: 
à “ | . ” - ai La < PU : PPT 4 { 
Disl Hu ni .e 1 AL 2 Sauqiug BONYXYSDUT HN 
ati 
, ni M FA 
.\! nuIsqSé FES . 
at muse eSUItS5 41 .9 
4 nu a 4 : 
1 d'herbe ame! 1 à ; 
6. ER 0 QN.1 .» u 
! 3 AN 7 Û 
af tps le “Fr 3q 11.1 f 
| NOTA NOV AIGUC 9 4.1 
Fe > VE 
%Æ mTYéotsdneb nov Muse nf . (rs 
1 r À A2 £ | 
#1 noïnu nov BImBa, .1 : NE 
\S s1980PA 
\e DRE 4 
Ne unsmiHo 
2 
114 
" 
Ù C 
’ 
{ 
” 
% 
' : 


TAB/21: 


I. Spiranthes obliqua ]J, J. S. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind. Néerl. XLIII (1910), 74. 


5 


Il. Vrydagzynea purpurea BL: Jj. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér 


SR nie a El PO 


me ETUG 0 D © © cp 


Braktee 5/,. | 
Blüte von der Seite 5/;, 
Bliüte von unten 5/,. 
Unpaares Sepalum */4. 
Paariges Sepalum !!/:. 
Petalum °/:. 


Paarige Sepalen und Lippe 7/1. 


Dieselben ausgebreitet 5/1. 
Säule von der Seite 20/:. 
Dieselbe ohne Anthere ? 


Dieselbe von oben !/.. 
Anthere !3/.. 
Pollinarium !?/;. 


Blüte LP 

Unpaares Sepalum !!/,, 
Paariges Sepalum {/:. 
Petalum 5/:. 

Lippe und Säule 17/3. 
Lippe ausgelegt 5/,. 
Sporn von innen #2. 
Säule von der Seite °/:. 
Säule von unten °/.. 
Anthere %8/:. 
Poillinarium ?/,. 


. III (1921), 252: 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB 27 
J. J. SmiTH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 



















































































J. J. SMITH, del. 









| 46 ME IC) 


1e 


TAB. 28. 


IL Cheirostylis javanica J. J. S. in Buil. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e ’sér. IX (1913), 14. 
a. MBrakteen/;. 
b. Biüte '8/.. 
c. Sepalen 5/.. 
d. Petalum !#/.. 
e. Lippe und Saüle 4/;, 
Fe Lippen 2}. 
h, Säule von oben !7/;. 
i, Säule von unten !7/: 
j. ‘Anthere 6/:. 
k. Pollinarium 10/;. 


I, Macodes robusta ]. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér. IIT (1921), 254. 
a. Bilüte 2/1. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum 17/4. 
c. Paariges Sepalum 3/1. 
d,e. Petalen !{/. 
f. Lippe und Säule 17/4. 
g, Lippe 5/1. 
h. Schwiele im Sporn !!/, 
il, Säule 7}. 
j. Anthere “/.. 
k. Pollinarium 5/,, 


III. Goodyera sphingoides J. J. S. in Bull. Jard, Bot, Buit, 2e sér. IX (1913), 18, 
Braktee 4/.. 

Blüte 11}. 

Unpaares Sepalum 5/.. 

Paariges Sepalum /.. 

Petalum 5/,. 

Lippe ausgebreitet 5/;. 

Säule 5/.. 

Anthere !0/,. 


SRE À N > » 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série II, Vol. V. TAB. 28. 
J. J. Smirn: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 





















11S 


UN e À ) 
NO 
rs 

















> 
A 
a 
2 


L 





PJ. SMITH, del. 





FY ALP d . _ A 
. (! 
5 U el " vo A (0 


il pie à f 
L À CR ti 
“ +! 





TAB. 20. 


I. Goodyera glauca J.J,S. in Bull, Dép. Agric. Ind. Néerl. XIII (1907), 17. 
a, Blüte 7/3. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum ?2/.. 
c. Paariges Sepalum ?/;. 
d. Petalum 5/:. 
e. Lippe und Säule 1°, 
f. Lippe ausgebreitet 13/5. 
g Säule 18}; 
h. Anthere 5/3. 


I. Tropidia angulosa BL. J.J.S, in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit, 2e sér. IX (1913), 21. 
Biüte 4/.. 

Unpaares Sepalum !!/:. 
Paariges Sepalen /:. 
Petalum 7/2. 

Lippe und Säule /.. 
Lippe ausgebreitet 4/,. 
Säule /,. 

Anthere !7/:. 


FRrpegrsy 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB. 29. 
J. J. Smiru: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 





J. J. SMITH, del. 








| Pi 
PR LT. 


: MRC | 


L RAA Li Éd ( 
NN / “re 9 CT CA 6 RE PU 4 NN 4 ot : ” , , ‘ : F 4 . à " | ; #4 
DR CISOL) AN Abe Eu 8 308 brel Au HI x») s)obijoi 






Ÿ W 
CN o r, 
Me Fu | LA 
ON (GIOI) [VX X 15 | 
: 
L . 





TAB. 30. 


I. Pholidota camelostalix RCHB. F. J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér. III (1921), 258. 


a. 


b. 


Biüte 13/,. 
Paariges Sepalum /,. 


c, d.+ Petalen ls. 


e. 
: À 


g. 
h, 


Lippe und Säule 4/.. 
Lippe 5/1. 

Lippe ausgebreitet ?/2. 
Säule 5/;. 


IL. Pholidota Convallariae HOOK. F, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2 sér. IX (1913), 23. 


FRrpanpse 


Blüte 3/,. 

Unpaares Sepalum “/;. 
Paariges Sepalum 17/4. 
Petalum 2/5. 

Lippe und Säule {/;, 
Lippe ausgebreitet 5/;, 
Säule 5/1. 

Anthere 7/1. 


III. Dendrochilum? Zollingeri MIQ. J. JS. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 13. 


vQ 7 D © AN D » 


Braktee 17/2. 

Unpaares Sepalum “/7. 
Paariges Sepalum 1/3. 
Petalum 1. 

Lippe und Säule !#/.. 
Lippe ausgelegt 1/3. 
Anthere ?/,, 


IV. Dendrochilum brachyotum RCHB. F. J. J,S, in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér.IX (1913), 24. 


m0 M EN Op 


Braktee 5/1 

Unpaares Sepalum ‘/:. 
Paariges Sepalum ‘/:. 
Petalum 5/;, 

Lippe und Säule l°/3. 
Lippe ausgebreitet */:. 
Säule von der Seite 1/1. 
Säule von unten 15; 
Anthere !4/, 


V. Dendrochilum exalatum ]. J, S. in Bull, Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XIV (1914), 29. 


mn rrAnZgp 


Unpaares Sepaium f/1. 
Paariges Sepalum 1. 
Petalum !1/;, 

Lippe ausgebreitet 15/, 
Säule von‘der Seite 8/;,, 
Säule von unten !?/.. 
Anthere %/.. 


30. 


TAB. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V, 
J. J. SMITH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 











Je SMITH, del: 








TAB:531. 


L. Dendrochilum pallideflavens BL. J. J.S. in Bull. Dép. Agric.Ind. Néerl. XLTII (1910), 13. 


Säule von unten !*/;,. 


a. Blüte 7/2. 

b. Unpaares Sepalum ‘/2. 
c. Paariges Sepalum ‘/:. 
d. Petalum 7/.. 

e. Lippe und Säule 17/2. 
t-  ippen 

g. 


Il. Tainia elongata J. J. S. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind. Néerl. XLIII (1910), 18. 
a.  Blitew/s. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum ‘/3. 
c. Paariges Sepalum */.. 
d. Petalurn /2. 
e, Lippe und Säule 2/.. 
f. Lippe ausgebreitet 2/.. 
Anthere !!/,. 


Follinarium 22/3. 


EX 


II, Oberonia nitidicauda J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot, Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 15. 
Braktee !2/,. 

Blüte 13/,. 

Unpaares Sepalum !3/;. 

Paariges Sepalum !3/,, 

Petalum %/2. 

Lippe !5/:. 

Säule 16/;. 

Anthere 14/,. 


TN ® eng» 


- 


IV. Oberonia cirrhifera J, J. S, in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit, 3e sér. III (1921), 263. 
a. Piflanze 3/5. 
b. Braktee !!/,. 
c. Blüte !3/.. 
d. Unpaares Sepalum !/,. 
e. Paariges Sepalum ‘{/.. 
f. Petalum !#/, 
g. Lippe /:1. 
h. Säule 207 
i. Anthere #8/;, 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB. 31 
J. J. Smiru: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 


N\ 


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bath jovañiiehe Orétidéen. av! sndstE 
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8, Eee. CS ET ri #inexédo 41 


(1Se1). IN 192 08 
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CR 





l bd i | FA : z 4 EX F4 M.) sibré 1 

Pr | (# | n NUL maisasé ANTEN ail +2 

ve. | 0 nr Mulégoe 2 nu 1. 

as a LR ” » AN parle 

‘ | .. d 

DACISONS IN de 9€ Mind Aoû ,brsl aa où 2 LA siensnmlonils siaozsdO ZI 

NE: ; F ti nu ASIE 248 

"1 L'Art + qui nulsqsé Peprapantls 4 

ACL us /. & x" 5 la tl6q 32 209 NAS 2 

’ 2 | 77, ra pis 15% 411 

LS SE 1 Le “ROLE 


di \ ( Gr : NRnRITA Ti 
l "1 : | w” FA 


t 


ex et) xr. ES aie 408 Hart AUS ni ed sistuneyildire sinorsdO V1 

sir PAR A DH TES 

oi | Er, F ANS > 
ÉCAE AT s Me 5.14 moliiéretquu 
6 : FA a: A 204066 T % 


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TAB: 32. 


I. Oberonia anceps LNDL. J.J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 18. 


a. Braktee !1/;. 

b, Biüte De 

c. Unpaares Sepalum !/,. 
d. Paariges Sepalum !/.. 
e. Petalum !7/.. 

0 Lippe =) 

g. Anthere “/;. 


Il. Oberonia indragiriensis SCHLTR. Var. javanica J.J.S. in Bull 
3e sér. III (1921), 266. 
a. Braktee 15/,, 
D'Mplurentyr 
c. Unpaares Sepalum !°/. 
d. Paariges Sepalum ?!/.. 
e, Petalum !/.. 
f 


21/ 


Pippeyr 


. Jard. Bot. Buit- 


Ill. Oberonia tjisokanensis J.].S. in Bull, Jard. Bot. Buit. 3e sér. III (1921), 267. 


a. Braktee 8/,. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum !!/;. 
c. Paariges Sepalum f$/;. 
d. Petalum !3/;. 
e—i, Lippen !/,. 
J- Anthére 1. 


IV. Oberonia subligaculifera J.]J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. 

a, b. Brakteen °/;. 

cmBliite 

d. Unpaares Sepalum !2/:. 

e. Paariges Sepalum !!/.. 

fr RPetaltineno/e 

DULIDpDEN 

HmAnthere 22/7 


V. Microstylis tenggerensis J.]J.S. in Bull. Dép, Agric. Ind. Néerl. 
Biüte 16/,. 

Unpaares Sepalum °/, 

Paariges Sepalum °/:. 

Petalum 5/,. 

Lippe 6/1. 

Anthere 31}. 

Pollinarium 1/2. 


me r ® à à ©» 


VI. Microstylis lobatocallosa J.J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot, Buit. 2e sér, 


a. Biüte 5/;, 

b. Unpaares Sepalum 15/4, 
C. Paariges Sepalum 3/.. 
d. Petalum {/;, 

e. Säule von oben #/ 
f._Anthere 10/, 


IX (1913), 35. 


XLIII (1910), 28. 


XXVI (1918), 20. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série II, Vol. V. TAB. 32. 
J. J. SMITH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen, 








\| Li nil 
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LARGES Abe € Auf 108 br t mi 1.1 aianstobiwilt allyutac re | 
a lé 









f, Du | 
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+ vd À 


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! 
trruibi3 "Re ,9 


F2 4 NI À L'4 Mr wi » ( VOA) 4 # 
v ARE D 2$. due : 308 bas, 18 14 ini À | snobiguot UNE Av - 
er Le cn ut … Le wi ty / se"! ÉLPL : M y ; L + 
À dt à VE : i a \ } NT | S S 
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L A. L nn NAT res ES é # 
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demi DR 
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TAB: 33 


L Microstylis tiiwideiensis J.]J.S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 38. 
Blüte 5/,. 

Unpaares Sepalum !°/:. 

Paariges Sepalum f/.. 


Petalum 7/.. 


Lippe 7/1. 
Anthere 16/;. 


MIDI IQOUNOME 


IL Microstylis purpureonervosa ].j.S, in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XX VI (1918), 20. 
a. Paariges Sepalum ?/; 
b. Petalum $/;. 
Cnippet/c 
d'_Saule 
e. Anthere !2/; 


III. Microstylis soleiformis ].]J.S. in Bull, Dép. Agric. Ind. Néert, XIII (1907), 24. 
a. Biüte 17/. 
Unpaares Sepalum 5/1. 
c. Paariges Sepalum /.. 
d. Petalum 1}. 
e. Lippe und Säule von der Seite {/;. 
f. Lippe ausgespreizt {/:. 
g. Säule von oben &/:. 


IV. Microstylis slamatensis ].].S. in Bull. Jard. Bot, Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 40. 
a, -Blite 2); 

b. Unpaares Sepalum 1/.. 
c. Paariges Sepalum 1/4. 
d. Petalum 1/1. 

e._ Lippe "/}, 

Î Säule Le 

g. Anthere !7/;. 


V. Microstylis cuprea |]. ].S. in Bull, Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 22. 


Anthere !8/,. 
Pollinien 15/,, 


a. Unpaares Sepalum 6/;. 
b. Paariges Sepalum £/.. 
c. Petalum £/;. 

d. Lippe 15/2. 

e. Säule ?/. 

<. 

g. 


VI. Microstylis longidens ].].S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 25. 
Blüte 11/3, 

Unpaares Sepalum ?8/;. 

Paariges Sepalum !7/3. 

Petalum 17/3, 

Lippe 1/2. 

Anthere !!/;. 

Pollinarium !!/,. 


mn rMmAN gp 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB 38: 
J. J. Smirn: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 


sie 
ue 


( il 
I ‘4 
1, 


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177) 


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[.. 


: 0 
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PUSIAMIT 
21H 


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\@ 472 


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b { 101) V1 «190 CH <11B5 Mie De 15! 
| 


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. 


\£ . és 2 
1" UHISUTO 


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syst A à 
JS LE » 





TAB. 34. 


1. Microstylis foetida J. J. S. in Bull. Jard, Bot. Buit, 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 28. 
Blüte 5/1. 

Unpaares Sepalum !*/:. 

Paariges Sepalum. 

Petalum #/5. 

Lippe !$/.. 

Säule 17). 

Anthere !0/;. 

Pollinien ‘!/:. 


no rmencp 


I. Liparis javanica J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 46. 
Pflanze 2/3. 

Braktee °/;. 

Blüte !!/s. 

Unpaares Sepalum 1/4. 
Paariges Sepalum °/. 
Petailum °/. 

Lippe !!/4. 

Anthere 1. 

Pollinien !5/,. 

Säule °/.. 


rep enos 


II. Liparis prianganensis J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 43. 
Blüte 2/1. 

Unpaares Sepalum ‘/:. 

Paariges Sepalum !?/:. 

Petalum 5/2. 

Lippe und Säule !*/5. 

Lippe ‘/2. 

Anthere 5/;. 


nrPpenRza 


IV. Liparis viridiflora LNDL. J. J. S. in F1. Buit. V, Orch. (1905), 268. 
Blüte 5/,. 

Unpaares Sepalum 7/.. 

Paariges Sepalum /;, 

Petalum !!/, 

Lippe ‘0/:. 

Säule 1 2 

Anthere 2/,. 


nrperœp 


TAB. 34. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série II, Vol. V. 
J. J. SmirH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 


/ 


Vu \L 


























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J- J. SMITH, del. 





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(OO) IX hrs . 


h 


( AL : Ca \ 
4 L = 
= m os ù 
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AP ne Lu 
: 


De {8 dr) 174 An 1£ Ajut doë :n al} 
Eos CE Leg : 


2 " 
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0 sub2 brur-sqni. 
= LME 0 Tor 
Vi stat hor A Ee 
| | ne mn \& À EL 
71 4 | 
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e Le) 





TAB: 39: 


I. Liparis Wightiana THW. J.]J.S. in Bull. Dép. Agric, Ind. Néerl. XLIII (1910), 33. 
a. Unpaares Sepalum ‘/;, 
b. Paariges Sepalum 5/;. 
c. Petalum S/,. 
d'u His pe); 
e. -Saule ©} 


I. Liparis rhodochila ROLFE. J. J. S. in Bull. Dép, Agric. Ind, Néerl. XLIII (1910), 34. 
Biüte 4/,. 

b. Unpaares Sepaluüim */1. 
c. Paariges Sepalum “/:. 
d. Petalum %/;. 
e 
f 


p 


Lippe ausgebreitet l#/:. 
Säule 5/1. 


HI. Liparis rhombea ]J, J. S. in Bull. Dép. Agric, Ind. Néerl, XLIII (1910), 35, 
a, Lippe und Säule von vorn“/.. 
b. Biüte von der Seite {/:. 

Unpaares Sepalum 4. 

d, Paariges Sepalum {/;, 

e. Petalum °/. 

Lippe ausgelegt 17/3. 

Anthere ?/:. 


[e) 


me 


IV. Liparis bicornuta SCHLTR. J. J. S. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind. Néerl. XIII (1907), 27. 
Blüte !10/,. 

b. Unpaares Sepalum “/.. 

c. Paariges Sepalum {/;. 

d, Petalum {/. 
e 
f 


à 


, Lippe und Säule !!/.. 
Lippe ausgebreitet 5/,. 


V. Liparis speculifera J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 49. 
a. Biüte 4/;. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum 1/4 
c. Paariges Sepalum !/4 
d. Petalum £/.. 
Lippe von oben f/1. 
Lippe von unten $/;. 
. Säule von der Seite 27/4. 
h. Säule von unten f/;, 
i. Anthere !!/,. 


(Le ts EC 


VI. Liparis angustiflora J, J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 31. 

a. Biüte l4/:. 

Unpaares Sepalum !*/3. 

c. Paariges Sepalum °/. 
d. Petalum S/.. 
e. Lippe und Säule !5/3. 
fl. Lippe 15}. 
g. Säule von unten !/,. 
h. Anthere !0/; 


TAB. 35. 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. 
J. J. SMITH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 











PA SMLrH, del. 





ii # 


GE (8 
D la (4 


; ù 
OL) I UXX 





TAB. 36. 


I, Agrostophyllum tenue ]. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. XXVI (1918), 33. 


IL. Agrostophyllum longifolium RCHB. F,].].S. in Bull, Jard, Bot, Buit. 3e sér, III(1921), 274. 


Ill, Agrostophyllum Denbergeri J. J. S. in Bull, Jard, Bot. Buit, 3e sér, III (1921), 277. 


IV. Agrostophyllum latilobum |}. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot, Buit. 3e sér. III (1921), 281. 


Unpaares Sepalum 1#/3. 
Paarige Sepalen !!/,. 
Petalum S/,. 

Lippe und Säule f/;. 
Längsschnitt der Lippe °/;. 
Säule !4/2. 

Anthere ÿ/,. 

Pollinarium !2/,. 


Unpaares Sepalum /;. 
Paariges Sepalum °/.. 
d. Petalen 5/, und 4/4. 
Lippe und Säule 5/;. 
Lippe ausgebreitet /,. 
Säule 5/.. 

Anthere 13. 


Biüte 5/:. 

Unpaares Sepalum ‘2. 

Paariges Sepalum !7/: 

e. Petalen 5/,. 

Lippe und Säule ?/.. 

Lippe ausgebreitet */.. 

Säule 7/,, 

Anthere !!/;. ; 


Unpaares Sepalum */4. 
Paariges Sepalum ‘2. 
Petalum 1/3 

Lippe und Säule */:. 
Lippe ausgebreitet !5/3. 

g. Säule von der Seite ‘2. 
Säuie von unten !!/;, 
Anthere ë#/,, 

Pollinarium !!/,. 


ci 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. TAB. 36. 
J. J. SMITH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 


À bu j 


fil 


D (| 




















J. J. SMITH, del. 







É s Li Ne 72 À 4 Le 27 2 
E 4 à L ) # ou Der a L. “ 
_ L P bat RAIN I AT: 2 
“ . A: | « 2 VOIRE 
Q 5 4 & :  « DER, NT € . 
à A L TL NUE nt 
+ sy L D" A | ’ # 


Ar 2 AU MT 


L EN D CAR RE 1 | Le Wu 
= ARE NT, V | « = 8 Us “d ESC TL \ 
Ë . ' a PA : A "EE DE el 2 mn, Éd Her È _. 
À : ARTE] PSE TON L'EST 
1 p 


éæ 





ra) WA er . CR F4 >Ésdivsrd 
J ho 1 , 1.2 | # FL 1 « 4 hs Mi 
[AR s : at 

NY À | 


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TAB: 37: 


I. Ceratostylis brevibrachiata ]. ]. S. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind. Néerl. XLIII (1910), 38, 
a. Blüte 7/:. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum ‘/;, 
c. Paariges Sepalum 7/4. 
d. Petalum */;. 
e. Lippe und Säule 7/,. 
f, Lippe ausgebreitet 15/4. 
g. Säule von unten */1. 
h. Anthere 5/;. 
i. Pollinarium ?/.. 


Il. Ceratostylis crassifolia ]. |. S. in Buil. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 54. 
a. Bitte: 0, 
Unpaares Sepalum 7/2 
Paariges Sepalum 5/4. 
Petalum °/2. 
Lippe und Säule !#/,. 
Lippe ausgebreitet !$/s. 


ER D ETC Cr 


III. Ceratostylis Backeri J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 2e sér. IX (1913), 52. 
a. Biüte 10/:. 
b. Unpaares Sepalum !°/2. 
c. Paariges Sepalum {/:. 
d. Petalum !#. ’ 
e. Lippe und Säule !!/3. 
f. Lippe ausgebreitet */.. 
so. Anthere 7/.. 


IV. Calanthe salaccensis ]. J. S. in Bull. Dép. Agric. Ind, Néerl. XLIIF (1910), 21. 
a Blite ‘5, 
b, Unpaares Sepalum- /2. 

Paariges Sepalum */2. 

Petalum 7/3. 

Lippe und Säule von der Seite °/2. 

Dieseiben von oben */.. 

Längsschnitt der Lippe 7/3, 

Anthere 5/.. 

Pollinarium 5/,. 


PEN nr en 


BULL. JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, Série III, Vol. V. FABT37: 
J. J. SMITH: Tafeln javanische Orchideen. 











J. J. SMITH, del. 











o : 


8 LANDS PLANTENTUIN” 


(,JARDIN BOTANIQUE DE BUITENZORG”) 


Bulletin du Jardin Botanique 


Rédigé par 
Dr. W. M. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN, | Dr. F. C. VON FABER, 
Directeur du Jardin Botanique Chef des Laboratoires Botaniques 
Li] 
et 
Dr. J. J. SMITH, 


Chef de l'Herbier 


Série ll. 
Volume V. Livraison 4. 


Août 1923. 


Prix: f 2.— 


ARCHIPEL DRUKKERIJ—BUITENZORG. 


Table des matières. 


À. J. ULTÉE. Stickstoffreiche Milchsäîfte . 

C. VAN OVEREEM. Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Nisdertindische Hide 

H. CAMMERLOHER. Contributions à l'étude de la Flore des Indes 
Néerlandaises. I. Die Loganiaceen und Buddieiaceen Nieder- 
ländisch-Indiens . 

Th. VALETON. Phrynium Dar dn L. etB. A noch vole 
bekannte Marantacea . 


Th. VALETON. Alpinia Hulstijnii Val. n. ss 


Page 4 
245a 
247 


294 


339 
343 








). 


4 
1] 


STICKSTOFFREICHE MILCHSAFTE 


von 


A ULTÉE. 


Es gibt mehrere Milchsäfte, wovon der Hauptbestandteil der Trocken- 
substanz aus Kautschuk besteht; bei sehr vielen Milchsäften treten aceton- 
lüsliche Bestandteile (s.g. Härze und Wachse) an die erste Stelle; einige 
Milchsäfte sind bekannt, welche reich an Gerbstoffen sind, Mit mehr oder 
weniger Recht kann man alle diese Substanzen als Sekrete betrachten. 

Es wäre sicher interessant, wenn es Milchsäfte gäbe, die eine grosse 
Quantität von Stoffen enthielten, deren die Pflanzen nicht so indifferent 
gegenüber stehen, z. B. Eiweissstoffe. 

Der Stickstoffgehalt von mehreren Milchsäften ist freilich bestimmt 
worden, doch gewôhnlich hat man niedrige Werte gefunden. Als Regel hat 
man angenommen, dass dieses Element nur als Eiweiss-Stickstoff anwesend 
sei, Dann enthält Hevea-latex 1—2°/, Eiweiss, Manihot olaziovii Milchsaft, 
der stickstoffreichste, dem ich in der Literatur begegnete, rund 6°/, Eiweiss. 

Zwar giebt WEBER!) an, er habe in Casfilloa-Milch etwa 8°}, Eiweiss 
cefunden, aber diese Zahl stimmt nicht mit den Resultaten von anderen 
Untersuchern überein. Nach einer Analyse von VAN ROMBURGH À) ist in 
diesem Saîft nur 0.36°/, Stickstoff (2.25 °/, Eiweiss) vorhanden, ich selber fand 
im Milchsaît von einem sehr alten Baum 0.48°/, Stickstoff, 3°/, Eiweiss also. 

DE JONG und TROMP DE HAAS®) haben bei ihren Untersuchungen 
von Castilloa-Milch ganz andere Resultate als WEBER bekommen, einiges 
Misstrauen, was die Eiweissbestimmung betrifft, ist also nicht unbegründet. 

MOLISCH *) hat bei einer mikrochemischen Arbeit im Milchsaîft von zwei 
Moraceen Cecropia peltata L, und Brosimum microcarpum Schott. ,eine 
Unmasse von Proteinkürnern” constatiert, eine Stickstoffbestimmung aber 
nicht ausgeführt. 

Cecropia peltata ist im botanischen Garten zu Buitenzorg aanwesend, 
beim Zapfen von dem Stamme dieses Baumes fliesst aber so gut wie kein 
Saft heraus. MOLISCH hat die beim Verletzen der Stengel und Blattstiele 
heraustretenden wassrigen Trôüpichen gesammelt; es wäre aber schwer, 
auf diese Weise genügend Saft für eine makrochemische Untersuchung zu 
bekommen. 


1) Ber. 36, 3108, (1903). 

2) Mededeelingen uit ’s Lands Plantentuin. XXXIX, 78; (1900). 

3) Ber. 37, 3298; (1904). 

4) Studien über den Milchsaft und den Schleimsaft der Pflanzen, 21; (1901), 


246 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 





Brosimum microcarpum ist im Garten alhier nicht angepflanzt, wohl 
einige andere Brosimum-Arten, kleine Bäume, die nur eine geringe Merge 
Saft liefern dürften. 

Bei einer grossen Zahl anderer Moraceen, die beim Zapfen reichlichen 
Saft gaben, habe ich Stickstoffbestimmungen ausgeführt. Der frisch gesam- 
melte Saîft wurde dazu erst auf dem Wasserbade eingedampft und beï 
105° im Trockenschrank bis zu constantem Gewicht getrocknet. Hierunten 
habe ich nun einige Säfte angetroffen, die viel reicher an Stickstoff waren 
als die bis jetzt untersuchten. Nur diese abnormalen Säîte sind in der 
untenstehenden Tabelle aufgenomen,. 

Dr. SMITH, Direktor des Herbariums am botanischen Garten (Suiten- 
zorg) war so freundlich die Determination der Baïüme zu kontrolieren. 












Trocken- | Stickstoff in | Stickstortin 
MILCHSAFT VON subztanz | Trockensub- | spa 
| Saîft int}; 
in 0) , Stanz in °/, | 
RE sh. Te DE ere Res BE em réponse 4 een he SR 
1. Artocarpus integra Merr. . .. 24.09 5.10 1:23 
2:OAntaris toxicaria Lesch.=.  :# 26.42 220 68) 1:37 
3. Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. | 30.55 4.49 | 1.63 
4 vFicus cordriolas Blt:772€7. 25.76 1224708) 3.28 
5AFicus callosa Wilid.717;7 240, 29.27 4520) 4 25 
| 








Nimmt man an, was man als Regel tut, aber nicht sicher ist, dass der 
gesamte Stickstoff Eiweiss-Stickstoff ist, dann ist resp. 7.69, 8.56, 10.25, 
20.48 und 26.560/, Eiweiss im Saîft vorhanden, im Trockensubstanz 31 87, 
32.50, 28 06, 79.50 und 90.75°/, Eiweiss. 

Jedenfalls sind solche hohe Stickstoffgehalte, im besonderen von den 
beiden Ficus-Arten, sehr merkwürdig. 

Die ersten drei Milchsäfte der Tabelle, die viel s. g. Härze enthalten, 
sind stark milchig, der Saft von Ficus cordifolia ist noch deutlich trübe, 
der Saft von Ficus callosa sieht wie eine Gummi arabicum-Lôsung aus. 
Alle diese Milchsäfte sind arm an Kautschuck oder ganz frei davon. 

Es gibt aber viele kautschukarme Milchsäfte von Moraceen, die auch 
arm an Stickstoff sind. Der Saft von Ficus fulva z.B. enthält nur wenig 
Stickstoff (0.26°/,) der von Artocarpus communis Forst. nur 0 322/;. 

Zwischen nahe verwandten Pflanzen, wie Arfocarpus integra und Artocar- 
pus communis gibt es also, was dem Stickstoffgehalt betrifft, grosse 
ünterschiede. 

Auf eine Eigentümlichkeit soll hier noch hingewiesen werden: die 
stickstoffreichen Milchsäfte sind schwer durch Alkohol zu coagulieren. 
Bei Artocarpus integra gelingt das überhaupt nicht, dagegen gerinnt der 
Milchsaft von Artocarpus communis, der nicht reich an Stickstoff ist, 
spielend leicht. 


BEITRAÂGE ZUR PILZFLORA VON NIEDERLANDISCH INDIEN. 


von 


DR. C. VAN OVEREEM. 


Vorwort. 


Die Erforschung der Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien steht noch 
zu sehr im Anfanosstadium, als dass es jetzt schon müglich wäre, sie familien- 
oder gattungsweise zu bearbeiten. Die Ergebnisse kônnen vorläufig nur als 
Fragmente, also ohne irgendwelchen Zusammenhang, publiziert werden. 

Diese Beiträge darf man als eine Fortsetung der Verôffentlichungen von 
VON HÔHNEL über die Javanische Pilzflora in den Sitzungsberichten der 
Akademie von Wien betrachten. Bei der Zusammenstellung haben wir immer 
diese mustergültigen Arbeiten vor Augen gehabt und die Diagnosen 
môglichst so ausführlich wie dort gemacht. Die Zeiten, dass man noch mit einer 
lateinischen Diagnose von einigen Worten zufrieden war, wie FENNINGS 
das in der Monsunia gemacht hat, sind vorbei. 

In Gegenstellung mit den Arbeiten von VON HÜHNEL hoffen wir unsere 
Beiträge so viel wie môüglich zu illustrieren. Obschon viele Gruppen, wie 
Pyrenomyceten, Imperfecten u.s. w. von Spezialforschern in Europa bearbeitet 
werden, gibt es doch auch in diesen Gruppen viele Sachen, welche nur an 
Ort und Stelle untersucht werden künnen. Auch diese Ergebnisse sind in 
diese Beitriäge eingetragen. 


1. Ueber Chondromyces aurantiacus (BERKELEY et CURTIS) THAXT. 


Im botanischen Garten in Buitenzorg fand ich auf faulenden Kegeln 
von Zamia muricata einen Chondromyces, wWelchen ich zu obenstehender 
Art bringe, obschon einige kleine Abweichungen zu beobachten waren. 
Die Art ist für Java nicht neu. Sie wurde schon von QUEHL (Centralbl 
für Bakt. u.s. w. zweite Abt. Bd. XXI, 1906) auf aus Java mitgebrachtem 
Mist in Berlin gezüchtet. Im Substrat ist sie nicht wählerisch, denn sie ist 
ausser auf Mist auch auf faulenden Pilzen, Flechten und Holz gefunder worden. 

Das Material auf den Zamiakegeln war reichlich vorhanden, aber überall 
war der Habitus im Grossen und Ganzen derselbe. 

Die Cystophoren sind 250 —450 « hoch, unverzweigt oder im oberen 
Teil bis drei Mal gegabelt, wobei die Aeste erst dünner (bis 5—9 w), 
schliesslich aber wieder etwas angeschwollen werden und in zahireiche, 
kurze, spitze, kegelfürmige Ausläufer ausgezogen sind. Ihre Farbe ist orange 
bis schmutzigbraun, also etwas dunkler wie meistens angegeben wird, 
immer intensiver als die der Küpfchen. 


248 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





Die Stammstructur zeigt eine feine Längsstreifung. Zahl und Farbe 
der Cysten stimmt vüllig mit der Beschreibung der Art. Die Farbe der 
Cysten ist deutlich hell orange, was grüsstenteils von ihrem Inhait hervor- 
cerufen wird, denn die Membran selbst ist schmutzig hell gelb. Ihre Grüsse 
war aber viel niedriger (17—23 X 9,2—16 u), während man für ihre Länge 
25—50 u angegebeu findet (THAXTER, QUEHL). Nur ZUKAL :Ber. d. Deut- 
schen Bot. Gesellsch. XIV 1896 p. 340) gibt für eine Form an 11—12 X 22 u. 
Ihre Form ist länglich eifürmig mit abgerundeten Ecken, an der Basis 
manchmal etwas abgeplattet, sogar bei der Sterigmenanheftung etwas zurück- 
gebogen. Meistens bleibt ein Teil dieses Stielchens an der Cyste erhalten. 
Diese Merkmale werden von QUEHL nicht deutlich hervorgehoben, sodass 
eine Verwechselung mit verwandten Arten (C4. erocatus) müglich ist. 














Abbildung 1. 


Die Stäbchen im Inneren sind farblos, in Masse sehr hell orangegelb 
und länger wie angegeben wird (3,5—8 u). 

Abschon die Stäbchenlänge, Cystengrüsse und Stielfarbe etwas abweichen, 
stimmen die anderen Merkmale genügend, um eine Identifizierung zu gestatten, 
denn ZUKALL (I.c.) hat gezeigt, wie ausserordentlich variabel diese Art sein kann. 


Erklärung zu Abbildung 1: 


a. Fruchtkôrper, nat. Gr. d. Küpfchen mit Sterigmen 800/1 
b. FT 45/1 e. Stäbchen 800/1. 
c. Cysten 800/1 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträvce zur Pülzflora von Niederländisch Indien 249 


2. Nectriella (Cryplonectriella) Geoglossi V. OVEREEM n. sp. 

Diese Art wurde von mir zufälligerweise bei der Untersuchung der 
Wirtspflanze, Geoglossum Walteri BERK., entdeckt. Sie scheint mir eine 
seltene Erscheinung zu sein, denn obschon die Ceoglossum-Art hier zu den 
häufigsten grüsseren Ascomyceten gehôürt, wurde sie bis jetzt nie wieder- 
cefunden. 

Die Geoglossum-Exemplare wuchsen zahlreich im Bambusa-Gebüsch 
des hiesigen botanischen Gartens zwischen Moosen und Bambusa-Wurzeln 
an einer feuchten Stelle, Nur wenige Exemplare waren vom Parasiten be- 
fallen. Makroskopisch war nichts besonders am Hymenium der Wirtspflanze 
zu beobachten. In Querschnitten der Geoglossum-Pflanze sieht man die 
Perithecien des Parasiten hier und da im Hymenium fast ganz eingesenkt, 
Irgendwelche Schädigung fehlte vollständig. An der Stelle, wo ein Peri- 
thecium liegt, weichen Asci und Paraphysen etwas auseinander. Auch von 
einer Desorganisation des inneren Gewebes war nichts zu beobachten. 

Die Perithecien sind in allen Teilen farblos und hyalin, wodurch sie 
in den Präparaten wenig auffallen und eventuel darunterliegende Teile der 
Wirtspflanze (Sporen, Borsten) durchschimmern. Sie sind birnfürmig, oben 
schwach verschmälert, abgerundet und ragen kaum mit ihrer Mündung 
etwas über das Hymenium hervor. Ihre Grüsse wechselt zwischen 66134 
und 84 X 144 u. Die Wand ist farblos, etwa 10 w. dick, aus einigen Schichten 
lose ineinander geflochtener Hyphen zusammengesetzt. Zu einer Pseudo- 
parenchymbildung kommt es nicht. Die Schläuche sind lang und dünn gestielf, 
4,5—5,7 u breit, pars sporif. etwa 30 x lang, achtsporig. Die Sporen liegen 
zweireihig, sind farblos, mit oder ohne Oltropfen, oft etwas gekrümmt 
und einseitig zugespitzt, 8,6—14,9 X 2,3 -2,7 u, schliesslich zweizellig und 
wechseln sehr in ihrer Form Die Paraphysen sind dünn, fadenfôrmig, 
unverzweigt, mit kleinen Kürnchen, bis 0,5 x breit. 

Als Hymeniumparasit ist von Geoglossum nach SACCARDO'S Sylloge 
nur Peckiella Geoglossi (ELL. et EVERH.) SACC. auf Geoglossum hirsutum 
bekannt, welche von unserer Art vôllig verschieden ist. 

Die anatomischen Verhältnisse und Lebensweise sind im grossen und 
ganzen dieselben wie bei Necfriella biparasitica (VON HÔHNEL) WEESE. 
Sie passt gut in diese Gattung, wo sie als Parasit in der von VON HÔHNEL 
aufgestellten Sektion Crypfonectriella unterzubringen ist (Ann. mycol. XVI — 
1918 p. 36). 


Nectriella (Cryptonectriella) Geoglossi V. OVEREEM, 


Perithecia in omnibus partibus non colorata, hyalina, piriformia, apicem 
versus obtuse subattenuata, e hymenio hospitis non vel vix exserta, 66-84 X 
134 — 144 uw. Membrana perithecii + 10 x crassa, ex hyphis laxe permixtis 


. composita. 


Asci longe tenuiter pedicellati, 4,5 — 5,7 u lati, octospora, parte sporifera 
30 « longa. 

Sporae non coloratae, biseriales, 8,6 — 14,9 X 2,3— 2,7 u, variabilis, 
denique bicellulares, paraphysibus filiformibus simplicibus,. 


250 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE I, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





ci 

3 

<« 
1 
L 
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à 
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nie. 


hd 
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ass 


TE 


VAN OVEREEM: Bettrüge zur Pilzflora von Nicderländisch Indien 251 
In hymenio Geoglossi Walteri BERK. parasitica. 
Hortus Bogoriensis, in bambuseto, 1921, leg. C. VAN OVEREEM. 


Erklärung zu Abbildung 2: 
a. Perithecien im Hymenium von Geoolossum Walteri BERK. 350/1. 
b. Perithecium 850/1. 
Sporen 850/1. 
Fruchtkôrper von Geoglossum Walteri BERK. nat. Gr. 


2 n 


3. Ueber eine Blattfleckenkrankheïit von Baccaurea javanica (BL.) MüLL. ARG. 


Bei einem Exemplar von Baccaurea javanica (BL). Müill. Arg. im hiesigen 
botanischen Garten sind die Blätter von einer Fleckenkrankheit befallen, 
welche von einem Pilz verursacht wird. Fast die meisten Blätter sind mehr 
oder weuiger stark angegriffen. Weil das Exemplar einen ganz unnatürlichen 
Standort hat (es ist eine typische Urwaldpflanze, steht hier aber mitten auf einer 
Rasenfläche), ist es meiner Meinung nach nicht ganz ausgeschlossen, dass 
durch einen gewissen Schwächezustand die Krankheit hier so stark auftritt. 

Zuerst entstehen kleine, hell grüngelbe, nicht scharf abgegrenzte Flecken, 
welche auf der dunkelgrünen Oberseite der Blätter sehr auffallen. Auch 
ziemlich junge Blätter werden befallen. Diese Flecken vergrüssern sich, werden 
bald dunkelbraun, schliesslich in der Mitte wieder mehr hell schmutzigbraun, mit 
gélblichem Rande. Zonenbildung fehit ganz. Die Fleckenform ist sehr verschie- 
den, bald rundlich, bald unregelmässig und zusammenfliessend, manchmal den 
ganzen oberen Blatt'eil umfassend. Stark angegriffene Blätter fallen frühzeitig ab. 

Die Perithecien findet man als kleine schwarze Pünktchen in der Mitte 
von alten Flecken unregelmässig zerstreut an der Oberseite der Blätter. Mit 
dem unbewañffneten Auge sind sie kaum zu sehen. Sie sind kugelfürmig, 
oft etwas abgeplattet und nach oben etwas ausgezogen und verschmälert. 
Der Mund ragt kaum etwas über die Epidermis empor und ist abgerundet. 
Von einem deutlichen Ostiolum ist keine Rede. Sie sind 120 — 145 w i. D., 
liegen hauptsächlich im Palissadenparenchym und berühren noch die oberen 
Schichten des Schwammparenchyms. In Figur 3a treten diese Verhältnisse 
deutlich ñervor. Links sind die Zellen schon ganz desorganisiert und überall 
von Pilzhyphern durchsetzt. Rechts ist die eigentümliche Anordnung der 
Palissadenzellen um eine grosse Zelle, in deren Oberhälfte sich eine Linse 
(zweiïfellos für die Lichtkonzentration) entwickelt hat, noch deutlich zu 
beobachten. Das Schwammparenchym war fast vüllig zerstürt. Die Perithe- 
ciumwand ist aus einer äusseren farbigen und einer inneren farblosen Partie 
zusammengesetzt. Die äussere Partie besteht aus einer einzigen Zellschicht 
parenchymatischer, eckiger, abgeplatteter, bläulichschmutzigbrauner Zellen, 
etwa 4-7 u i. D. Die innere Partie besteht aus einigen Schichten farbloser, 
abgeplatteter Zellen. Hieraus entspringen im basalen Teil des Peritheciums 
die Schläuche und Paraphysen, im oberen Teil kurze, scharf zugespitzte, 
etwas nach unten gebogene Haare, 

Die Schläuche sind kurz gestielt, keulig, oben etwas verschmälert und 
abgerundet, 8—sporig, 60—70X9—12 «. Pore ohne Jodreaction, 





252 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE HE, VOL. V, LIVR. L'ae 


Paraphysen fadenfôrmig, unseptiert, zahlreich, über die Schäuche em- 
porragend, mit kleinen Trôpichen. 

Sporen in den Schläuchen schief zweireihig liegend, farblos, einzellig, 
spindelfürmig, an einem Ende mehr oder weniger deutlich abgerundet, 
meistens mit einem grossen zentralen und vielen kleinen, selten nur mit 
zahlreichen kleinen oder zwei grossen Oeltrüpfchen, 15,5—19,5 X°3,5—5 u. 

Die Art passt gut in die Gattung Physalospora NIESSL und hat PAy- 
salospora Baccaureae VON OVEREEM zu heissen. Von der Wirtspflanze sind 
keine Pilze als Parasiten bis jetzt beschrieben worden. 








Abbildung 3. 


Physalospora Baccaureae V. OVEREEM n. Sp. 


Perithecia epiphylla, in macularum fuscarum media parte sparsa, puncti- 
formia, nigra, subglobosa, apicem versus pauce attenuata, 120—145x i.d. 

Ostiolum nullum. Membrana tenuis, strato cellularum exteriore pseudo- 
parenchymatica glauco-fusca, stratis cellularum interioribus excolorata. 

Asci breviter pedicellati, claviformes, apicem versus rotundato-attenuati, 
8—spori, 60—70 X9—11 u, J-. Paraphysae filiformes eseptatae, numerosae, 


am Spa 


mn mt à bn ts Se ” 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur 1 ’ilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 253 
ascis longiores. Sporae oblique biseriatae, hyalinae continuae fusiformes vel 
basi subrotundatae, 1- guttulatae, 15,5—19,5 X3,5- 5 y. 

In foliis Baccaureae javanicae (BL) MüLL. ARG. parasitica. Hortus 
bogoriensis leg. €. VAN OVEREEM. 
Erklärung zu Abbildung 3: 
Blattquerschnitt mit einem Perithecium 350/1 
Asci und Paraphysen 850/1 


Sporen 850/1 
Zellen von der Aussenschicht der Wand 850/1 


er Sc» 


4. Ueber die von HOLTERMANN aufgestellten Arten 
Calocera odorata und C. major, 


Zu den zahireichen Formen, welche CARL HOLTERMANN in seinern 
“Mykologischen Untersuchungen aus den Tropen” als neu beschrieben hat, 
vehôren obenstehende zwei Calocera-Arten. Die Beschreibuñgen sind schlecht, 
- unvollständig und verwirrend und ohne die Abbildungen wäre es kaum 
môglich, herauszufinden, was vorgelegen hat. Zweifelsohne sind beide Arten 
identisch. Auch HOLTERMANN selbst gibt an, dass eigentlich kein Unter- 
schied zwischen beiden Arten besteht; die Unterscheidung soll nur durch 
die Stellen, wo die Sporen gebildet werden, begründet sein. Wir kônnen 
diese Bemerkung als wertlos unberücksichtigt lassen und es bleibt nichts 
anderes übrig, als den irreführenden ersten Namen odorata zu wädhlen, 
obschon dieser Art irgendein typischer Geruch gänzlich fehlt. Aus der 
Beschreibung von HOLTERMANN geht schon hervor, dass keine Calocera 
sondern eine Guepinia vorliegt, denn das Hymenium ist nur einseitig ausge- 
bildet. Die Art hat also Guepinia odorata (HOLTERMANN) V. OVEREEM zu 
heissen. Ich lasse hier eine neue Beschreibung folgen, weil Grüssenangaben 
der mikroskopischen Merkmale ganz fehlen und auch die Abbildungen 
unvollständig und z. T. unrichtig sind. 

Fruchtkürper zerstreut aber häufiger zu zweien, bisweilen auch gehäuft 
oder zusammenfliessend, etwa 4 c.m. lang, nach HOLTERMANN auch viel 
orüsser, bis 8 c.m., deutlich spatelfürmig und gestielt, in allen Teilen schôün 
orangefarbig. Stiel rund oder etwas kantig, vom Substrat schief abstehend, 
bis 1.5 cm, lang und 3—5 mm. dick, allmählich in den nicht deutlich ab- 
georenzten, mehr oder weniger regelmässig spatelfürmigen, nach den Rand 
gleichmässig dünner werdenden, aufgebogenen Hut übergehend. Hut in der 
Mitte etwa %/, cm dick, im Querschnitt schwach rosa, mit dem Hymenium 
nur an der Unterseite, welche direkt in das Stielgewebe übergeht, während 
an der Oberseite der Stiel sich noch über den Hutrand etwas fortsetzt 

Basidien farblos, mit zwei grossen zangenfôrmigen, fast gleich dicken 
Sterigmen, ohne die Sterigmen 45 —- 50 X 2,3—3,5 u (Gipfel bis 5 « breit). 
Sterigmen 17—27 u lang, zugespitzt. | 

Sporen einzellig, mit protoplasmatischem Inhalt und einigen kleinen 
Vakuolen, farblos, elliptisch, an der Basis einseitig schief ausgezogen, 7,5 
—12,5 X 4—4,5 u, sofort mit kugelfôrmigen Konidien auf Stielchen keimend. 


254 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE MIE, VOL. dr LIVR. 4. 








Das Subhymenial- und Hutgewebe ist gleichartig aufgebaut, nur sind 
an der Hutoberfläche die Hyphen dünner und stehen dichter beisammen. 
Das Gewebe besteht aus ganz steifen, dünnen, wenig verzweigten Hyphen, 
welche dem Hymenium entspringen, und gebogenen, verzweigten, sich 
plützlich blasenfürmig erweiternden Hyphen mit an den Querwänden an- 
wehäuften, orangen Farbstoffkürnchen. Vielleicht spielen diese Blasen eine 
Rolle bei der Wasserspeicherung, Die Kürnchen färben sich mit Jod schwarz- 
blaugrün, mit Schwefelsäure hell rôtlich. 

HOLTERMANN macht noch weitere Angaben über die Sporenkeimung. 
Dabei teilt sich die Spore durch eine Querwand, erst werden reichlich 
Konidien gebildet, welche sehr verschieden gross sind und schliesslich folgt 
die eigentliche Keimung mit einem Keimschlauch. 

Auf faulendem Holz. Hortus bogoriensis, leg. € VAN OVEREEM. 


5. Ueber javanische C/avariaceae. 


Durch die zytologischen Forschungen von MAIRE (Recherches cytolo- 
ques et taxonomiques sur les Basidiomycètes, Bulletin d, 1. Soc. Mycolog. 
d. France XVIII 1902) aber besonders durch die neuesten Untersuchungen 
von JUEL (Cytologische Pilzstudien 1, Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum 
Upsaliensis Ser. IV Vol. 4 no. 6 1916) ist die Forschung der C/avariaceae in 
ein ganz neues Stadium getreten und ist hüchst kompliziert geworden. Diese 
Komplikation ist so gross, dass sie die Systematik der Clavar:a-Arten von 
jetzt ab weit über jede Mitarbeit der Dilettanten hinaus hebt, ein Prozess, der 
sich wohl zu Gunsten der ganzen Basidiomycetensystematik entwickeln wird. 

Aus obengenannten Untersuchungen geht folgendes hervor. Die Gattung 
Clavaria im Sinne der alten Umgrenzung ist eine polymorphe Gattung und 
enthält Arten, welche phylogenetisch nichts mit einander zu tun haben und 
nur im Habitus mit einander übereinstimmen, Wir sehen in ihr eines der 
schünsten Beispiele von Konvergenz, denn die Arten stehen an den Enden 
von Stammbaumästen, weiche von ganz verschiedenen Punkten entspringen. 

In den Basidien der C/avarien liegen bei den Kernteilungen die Spin- 
deln entweder in der Längsrichtung (der stichobasidiale Typus) oder sind quer 
zur Hauptachse orientiert (der chiastobasidiale Typus). Dieses Merkmal ist 
das Hauptprinzip der Einteilung, Hieraus würde hervorgehen, dass ohne eine 
zytologische Untersuchung es nicht müglich wäre, eine Clavariace in der rich- 
tigen Gattung unterzubringen. Dies ist nicht der Fall, denn mit diesen äusserst 
schwierig festzustellenden zytologischen Unterschieden sind feine anatomische 
Merkmale verbunden, welche eine richtige Einteilung sehr gut müglich ma- 
chen. JUEL hat diese auf folgender Weise schon zusammengefasst: 

Stichobasidialer Typus: Basidien zylindrisch, bei der Reife sich stark 
über das Hymenium verlängerend, aber nicht merklich breiter werdend ; Hy- 
menium nicht fixiert sondern in radiärer Richtung weiterwachsend, daher 
später mit eingestreuten Sporen; Zahl der Sterigmen sehr wechselnd, ur- 
sprünglich 8, dann 6, schliesslich 2 (in Verbindung damit stehen ursprünglich 
drei Kernteilungen; die dritte Teilung ist aber bisweilen unterdrückt). 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Nicderländisch Indien 255 





Chiastobasidialer Typus: Basidien sich bei der Reife nur wenig über 
das Hymenium emporhebend und oben deutlich angeschwollen, Hymenium 
fixiert; Zahl der Sterigmen immer vier (in Verbindung damit im Basidium 
nur zwei Kernteilungen, ausnahmsweise und zufäilig noch eine dritte Teilung 
und diese dann oîft in der Spore). 

Diese Zusammenstellung ist nicht vollständig, wie ich bald zeigen 
werde. Petrachten wir jetzt den stichobasidialen Typus etwas näher. Es 
handelt sich hier um eine Gruppe primitiver Arten, welche zum Teil mit 
der Gattung Clavulina SCHRÔTER zusammenfällt. Diese Gattung ist charak- 
terisiert durch zweisporige Fasidien und kugelige, derbwandige Sporen. 
Davon wurden die Arten, Clavulina cinerea und CL. cristata durch JUEL, 
CI. rugosa und CL. grisea (— CI. cinerear durch MAIRE untersucht. Alle 
drei sind ausgesprochen stichobasidiale Typen. Ich müchte schon hier 
darauf hinweisen, dass die Gattung Clavulina in Europa sehr arm an 
Vertretern ist. Nur fünf Arten gehôüren zu dieser Gattung. 

Ein weiteres wichtiges Merkmal der Clavulina- Arten sind die grossen, 
abstehenden, zangenfürmigen Sterigmen. Dies ist von JUEL als stichoba- 
sidiales Merkmal ganz übersehen worden. Ich betrachte es aber als sehr 
wichtig, denn auf diese Weise ist eine Ableitung von oder besser ein gemein- 
schaftlicher Ursprung mit Dacryomycetales nur ein kleiner Schritt. Auch 
dort haben wir Stichobasidien mit zwei grossen, zangenfürmigen Sterigmen. 
Sie schliessen sich den Auriculariales an. 

Mit der Gattung Clavulina SCHRÔTER ist aber die Zahl der stichobasi- 
dialen Typen nicht erschüpft. Zu ihnen gehôürt auch eine Art, welche unter 
den Namen Clavaria falcata FRIES') durch JUEL untersucht wurde. Die 
Zahl der Sterigmen schwankt hier zwischen 6 und 8, und die Sporen sind 
langelliptisch. Es handelt sich hier also um einen abweichenden Typus. 
Auch andere Arten, welche sich sogar direkt mehr den Awriculariales 
anzuschliessen scheinen, sind hier einzureihen. Ich nenne hier die spâter 
zu erwähnende C/avulinopsis sulcata V. OVEREEM. 

Den Auriculariales schliessen sich die Uredinales an; ihre Urformen 
sind wahrscheinlich primitive Hyphenpilze, von welchen auch die Usfilagt- 
nales abgezweigt sind. 

Die meisten C/avaria-Arten gehüren dem chiastobasidialen Typus an. 
Diese Gruppe umfasst also die Gattungen ÆEzclavaria und Clavariella 
KARSTEN. Die Basidien verlängern sich hier wenig, sind aber bei der Reife 
am oberen Ende deutlich angeschwollen und tragen meistens 4, aber bis- 
weilen auch 2, aufrechte, pfriemliche Sterigmen. Diese sind hier niemals 
zangenfôrmig. Die Sporen sind fast immer zylindrisch oder eifürmig und 
zeigen oft eine Wandstruktur. Eine dritte Kernteilung im Basidium ist nach 
der Auffassung von JUEL Ausnahne und Zufall und diese ist oft in die 
Spore verlegt. Sie wäre nach JUEL für Chiastobasidien nicht charakteristisch 
und er ist geneigt, ihre zweifache Kernteilung der dreifachen von Sticho- 


1) Nach COTTON and WAKEFIELD, À revision ofthe British Clavariae, Transactions 
of the British Mycological Society VI, Part II 1919 p, 185, ist diese Art wahrscheinlich 
identisch mit CZ. acuta FR. 


256 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4 





basidien gegenüberzustellen Dieser Auffassung kann ich nicht beistimmen, 
Eine dritte Kernteilung in den Chiastobasidien ist meiner Meinung nach 
für diese gar keine Ausnahme JUEL selbst hat diese für Clavaria pistillaris 
nachgewiesen, während sie bei CZ. subtilis, CI. fragilis und CL. epichnoa 
oänzlich oder auch nur teilweise in die Spore verlegt ist. Es wird sich 
vielleicht später noch herausstellen, dass drei Kernteilungen für Chiasto- 
basidien sogar charakteristisch sind. Darauf weist das Vorkommen von mehr 
als vier Sterigmen bei Hymenomyceten mit typischen Chiastobasidien hin. 

Die chiastobasidialen Clavarien entstammen zweïfellos denselben Ur- 
formen als die Tremellales, ohne direkt aus letztgenannten ihren Ursprung 
zu nehmen. In dieser Richtung ist eine Brücke mit Ascomyceten, wo die 
Kernspindel auch quer orientiert sind, zu suchen. 

Den Stammbaum der Clavarien kônnen wir also mit Berücksichtigung 
der Ansichten von MAIRE, VUILLEMIN und JUEL, aufstellen, wie dies auf der 
nächsten Seite zu sehen ist. 


Die Stellung der neu aufgestellten Gattung Clavulinopsis ist vorläufig 
noch sehr zweifelhaft, weil sie noch nicht zytologisch geprüft wurde. 

Kehren wir jetzt zu der engeren Systematik der Clavarien zurück. 
Die alte Einteilung ist künstlich, jetzt unbrauchbar und für die Phylogenie 
wertlos. Eigentlich ist nur C/avulina SCHRÔTER aufrecht zu halten (siehe 
oben); weiter kônnen wir Clavariella KARSTEN und Phaeoclavulina 
BRINKMANN aus rein morphologischen Gesichtspunkten beibehalten. Die 
Untergattungen AÆolocoryne und Syncoryne von FRIES und Ramaria von 
HOLMSKJOLD sind wertlos und zu streichen. Nach dieser alten, künstlichen 
Einteilung sind viele Arten.nicht unterzubringen. 

Wenn man versucht, tropische Formen mit europäischen Arten zu 
vergleichen oder zu identifizieren, bemerkt man erst, wie schlecht diese 
beschrieben sind. Viele Merkmale, welche man für die Charakterisierung 
ausgewählt hat, sind tatsächlich für diese wertlos. Man hat vergessen, dass 
man es hier mit primitiven Organismen zu tun hat, welche im Habitus wenig 
konstant sind. In dieser Beziehung nenne ich z.B,. die Art der Verzweigung 
(dichotom oder mehr unregelmässig), zugespitzte oder stumpfe Endzweige 
(dies ist gänzlich abhängig von dem mehr oder weniger Auswachsen). Auch 
einfache Arten künnen sich unter Umständen verzweigen und büschelig 
wachsende Arten kônnen auch einzeln vorkommen und umgekehrt. Was die 
Sporenzahl betrifft, ist sie für Clavulina zwei, kann aber auch wechseln von 
2 bis 4, wie ich unten zeigen werde; für Clavaria und Clavariella ist sie 
meistens 4, bisweilen auch weniger. 


Wichtige Merkmale sind die Farbe (die verschiedensten Farben gibtes 
bei den Clavarien), Form der Sterigmen und Basidien, Sporenzahl und 
Sporenform. Dazu kommt dann Art der Verzweigung (gleichwertige Aeste 
oder ein Hauptstamm (Strunk), welchem zahilreiche Aeste entspringen) und 
andere weniger wichtige Merkmale. 

In den verschiedenen Merkmalen widersprechen die Bücher manchmal 
einander vollständig. Die Beschreibungen sind oft kurz, nichtssagend und 





zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 257 


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258 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 








manchmal fehlen mikroskopische Angaben. Eine Ausnahme macht die 
vorzügliche Monographie der Britischen C/avarien von COTTON und 
WAKEFIELD (lc. Die Beschreibungen sind dort ausführlich, üiberall sind 
genaue mikroskopische Angaben und Bemerkungen über Verwandtschaît, 
Nomenklatur und Synoniemen hinzugefügt. Ich habe bei der Bestimmung 
der Javanischen C/avarien von dieser Arbeit ausserordentlich viel Nutzen 
gehabt. Von den übrigen neueren Werken ist besonders das Vademecum 
von RICKEN unzuverlässig. 


Ueber die Geschichte der Javanischen Clavarienist folgendes zu bemerken. 

JUNGHUHN, der älteste hiesige Pilzforscher, erwähnt nur drei Formen. 
ZOLLINGER (1842—1844) hat viele Arten gesammelt, welche er zusammen mit 
MORITZI publizierte; zum Teil wurden diese Arten von LÉVEILLÉ bearbeitet. 
Den Beschreibungen dieser Arten sind zwar keine mikroskopischen Merkmale 
hinzugefügt; sie sind mit wenigen Ausnahmen ziemlich genau und ausführlich. 
Im Jahre 1807-1898 sind von ERIK NYMAN zahireiche Clavarien gesammelt, 
meistens im botanischen Garten in Buitenzorg. Diese hat HENNINGS in der 
Monsunia bearbeitet, aber ohne die früheren Arbeiten von ZOLLINGER, 
LÉVEILLÉ, u.s. w. zu berücksichtigen. Dadurch sind fast säimmtliche Arten 
zweimal beschrieben. Ich habe mit diesen Beschreibungen von HENNINGS 
dieselben Erfahrungen gemacht wie VON HüHNEL bei seinen mikroskopischen 
Pilzen. Die mikroskopischen Angaben sind ungenau oder ôfters falsch und 
in dieser Hinsicht haben seine unnôütigen Neubeschreibungen wenig Wert. 
VON HüHNEL hat sich auf Java 1907—1908 weniger mit Clavarien 
beschäftigt. Er erwähnt nur Clavaria Zippelii. 


Mit einigen Ausnahmen sind untenstehende Arten im botanischen Garten 
cefunden, Es versteht sich, dass mit dieser kleinen Uebersicht die For 
schung der Javanischen Clavarien nicht erschôpit ist. 


Bestimmungsschlüssel der angeführten Arten: 


j. Fruchtkürper blutrot, zinnoberrot, einzeln oder büschelig, fast immer 
unverzweigt, zylindrisch und mehr oder weniger zugespitzt … .. 2. 
Fruchtkôrper gänzlich tief gelb, verzweigt, unverzweigt, einzeln oder 
büschelig, bisweilen sich etwas bräunlich oder violettlich verfärbend 3. 
Fruchtkôrper orange, bleichrôtlich, rosa, tief rotbraun oder fleischfarbig, 


einzeln oder büschelig, verzweigt oder unverzweigt. . +. . . 3. 
Fruchtkürper weiss, schmutzigweiss, crêèmeweiss, gelblichweiss, verzweigt 
oder unverzweigt, einzeln oder büschelig. . . . RTL 
Fruchtkôrper hell violettlich oder teilweise mehr cd weniger tief 
violett, immer verzweigt. . . . . MALE 
Fruchtkôrper braun, violettbraun, tichbrätin, pere tele oder ver. 
zweigt, einzeln oder büschelig … . + 


2. Auf Erde, meistens büschelig, Sporen pundiot, Bacidiet 2-bis 4-sporig 
15. Clavaria sanguineo-acuta V. ©. 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 259 





10. 


Auf faulenden Blättern und Aestchen,Sporen eifürmig,schief zugespitzt, 

fast immer einzeln, niemals dichtbüschelig. 13, Clavaria depokensis v. 0. 
Fruchtkürper wenig oder unverweigt . , . . AAA D | 
Fruchtkürper korallenartig verzweigt, mit sablreichen ut zugespitzten 
Endästen, Sporen gross und rundlich, Basidien mit 2 Sterigmen. 
1. Clavulina Leveillei (Sacc.) v. O. 

Unverzweiet, nicht dicht büschelig, Sporen elliptisch. gelb, Basidien 


mit gelbem Inhalt , . . . . 11. Clavaria luteo-lenerrima v. © 
Unverzweigt oder ausnahmsweise eine kleine Verzweigung, dicht 
büschelig, Sporen rundlich, gelb . . . 9. Clavaria fusiformis Fr. 


Unverzweigt, einzeln oder büschelig, hohl und meistens tordiert oder 
uneben und Form unregelmässig, mehr weisslichgelb oder schôün 


ockergelb, Sporen kugelig . . . . 10. Clavaria vermicularis Fr. 
Fruchtkürper korallenartig verzweig . . APTE PEL: 
Fruchtkôrper unverzweigt oder ein- bis ed re fe Mad dE 


Fruchtkôrper fleischig, mit deutlichem Strunk und zahlreichen dichtste- 
henden parallelen Aesten, rostbräunlich, nur Strunk heller, Sporen ellip- 
tisch, stachelis und ockerbraun 17. Clavariella fragillima (Henn ) v.O. 

Fruchtkôrper fleischig, kein deutlicher Strunk, Aeste dichtstehend, unten 
tief rotbraun, nach oben meistens mehr gelblich, Sporen rund, glatt 
ndiarblos teVC Y Cu:3 8." Clavulina:umbrinar (Lév.) .v:O. 

Fruchtkôürper nicht fleischig, mit deutlichem Strunk, Aeste lose oder dicht 
stehend, fleischfarbig, Endzweigen schün braunrôtlich oder braun, 
Sporen kugelig, fast farblos. . . 16. Clavaria alcicornis Z.eù NE 

Fruchtkôrper orange, oft dicht büschelig, unverzweigt : 

8. Clavaria subaurantiaca Hennings et une 

Fruchtkôrper hell rosa, unverzweigt, einzeln 7. Clavaria rosacea Henn. 

Fruchtkôürper hell rôtlich, oft unregelmässig verwachsen, dadurch band- 
fürmig, gekrümmt und verbogen, Sterigmen 1 bis 4, oft sehr ver- 
schieden lang, . . . . . 19. Clavulinopsis sulcata v. Overeem 

Fruchtkôrper rotbräunlich bis gelblich, dichotom verzweigt 

3. Clavulina umbrina (Lév.) v.O 


Fruchtkôrper unverzweigt, Sporen elliptisch . . . . . . . . ©. 
Fruchtkôrper oft etwas verzweigt (aber nie korallenartig), oder unver- 
zweigt, Sporen kugelig. . . . AREA NE |: 
Fruchtkôrper stark lose Kkorallenartig rt aise nl Hauptstrunk), 
Sporet elliptisch, rauh . . . : . . 14. Clavaria implexa Lév. 
Fruchtkôrper schmutzig weiss, etwas uneben, tordiert oder verbogen, 
GiptelLsiehebräaunendé eme s .. , . 5. Clavaria fumosa Fr. 
Glänzend reinweiss, glatt, zierlich DOS en oft sehr klein (etwa 1 cm 
lang), Gipfel etwas gelblich. , . 4. Clavaria vermiculata Micheli. 


Fruchtkürper aufrecht, meist büschelig, glatt und dünn, crêmeweiss 
; 6. Clavaria filiformis Henn. et Nym. 
Fruchtkôrper einzeln oder büschelig, dick keulenfürmig oder bandfürmig 
und tordiert, unregelmässig, oft oben gespalten, schmutzig weiss, 
gelblichweiss oder intensiv ockergelb 10. Clavaria vermicularis ER 


260 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 








11. Sporeu kugelig. . . . . 2. Clavulina fusco-lilacina (Berk.) v. O. 
Sporeneliptisen "2". AT 'UUTESENSSS 
12. Korallenartig verzweigt (mit He Strunk) fu œe zahireichen 
aufstrebenden Aesten, Sporen rauh, . . 14. Clavaria implexa Lév. 
Nicht korallenartig, aber wiederholt gegabelt, ganz hell violett oder oben 
schôn tief violett, Sporen glatt . . . 12. Clavaria Zollingeri Lé. 
13. Wenig oder unverzweigt, Sporen kugelig, farblos. . . . . . 14. 
Korallenartig verzweigt, Sporen elliptisch, braun, stachelig . . . 15. 
14. Violettbraun oder schmutzigbraun, Basidien 2-sporig. 5 VSISTRRES 
2. Clavulina fusco-lilacina (Berk.) v. O0. 

Schün rotbraun, oben oft gelblich, Basidien 2-bis 4-sporig. 
3. Clavulina umbrina (Lév.) v. ‘o 
15. Fruchtkürper rôtlichbraun bis schmutzigbraun, bisweilen Zweigende 
prachtvoll tief blau oder grünblau, Basidien 2-sporig, Sporenstaub 
zimtbraun, . . , , . 18 Phaeoclavulina Zippelii (Lév.) v. ©. 
Fruchtkôrper gelblichbraun bis rostbraun, Basidien 4-sporig, Sporenstaub 
frisch rostbraun . . . . 17. Clavariella fragiclima (Henn.) v. O. 


CLAVULINA SCHRÔTER. 
1. Clavulina Leveillei (SACCARDO) V. OVEREEM nov. comb. 
Synoniemen : 
Clavaria alcicornis. LÉV. non ZOLLIGER et MORITZI (Ann. d. Sciences 
Nat., Bot., Sér. 3 Vol. V 1846 p..,155). 
Clavaria Leveillei SACCARDO (Sylloge Fungorum VI 1888 -p. 709). 
Clavaria corniculata ZOLLINGER et MORITZI non SCHäFFER (Natuur-en 
geneeskundig Archief voor Neërland ’s-Indië | 1844 
p. 382; A. MORITZI, System. Verzeichnis der von 
H. ZOLLINGER in den Jahren 1812—1844 auf Java 
gesammelten Pflanzen, Solothurn 1845—1846 p. 124; 
H. ZOLLINGER, System. Verzeichnis der im indischen 
Archipel in den Jahren 1842—1848 gesamm. Pflanzen, 
Zürich 1854 p. 12.) 
Clavaria cristatula HENN. et NYMAN (Monsunia | 1900 p. 8). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 2 Tafel II Fig. 1, a-c. 


Fruchtkôrper 2,5—7 cm hoch, korallenartig verzweigt, entweder unan- 
sehnlich, zart und fein oder gross und ziemlich fleischig, schôn schwefelgelb, 
im Alter bisweilen violettbräunlich oder rotbraun. Strunk sehr verschieden, 
bei sehr kleinen Exemplaren fehlend, kurz und dick oder bis 2 cm lang, 
sich auflüsend in zwei bis mehr fast gleich dicke Aeste. Aeste schwach 
divergierend und aufrecht, manchmal etwas gebogen, 2 bis 3 mal gegabelt 
und dabeiimmer dünner werdend, bei vollständigem Auswachsen sich auflüsend 
in2 bis 3 (selten mehr) scharf zugespitzte, oft weit abstehende Endzweige. 
Hyphen des inneren Gewebes mit gelbem Inhalt, 





VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 261 








Basidien immer 2-sporig, drag sehr verschieden lag, oben fast nicht 
angeschwollen, 27—46 x 5,5 u, mit 2 grossen bis 10 x langen zangenfürmig 
abstehenden Sterigmen. 

Sporen kugelig, gross, farblos, Anheftungsstelle stumpf ausgezogen, mit 
einem grossen, zentralen, stark lichtbrechenden Oltropten und bisweilen einigen 
kleinen Kürnchen, 6,5—9 wi. D. 

Subhymeniale Hyphen mit schwefelgelbem Inhalt. 

Auf Erde, Tijibodas, G. Gede, West Java, + 1400 m (leg. W. DOCTERS 
VAN LEEUWEN; C. ET D. VAN OVEREEM-DE HAAS). 


Die Art ist keine seltene Erscheinung. Sie wurde wiederholt in Tjibodas 
œesammelt, während NYMAN sie im hiesigen botanischen Garten gefunden hat. 

LÉVEILLÉ hat zuerst diese Art unter Clavaria alcicornis ZOLL. et MOR: 
angeführt. Er vergleicht sie mit Clavaria cristata FRIES, womit sie tatsächlich 
verwandt ist. Auch erwähnt er ausdrücklich die gelbe Farbe. Nur beschreibt 
er die Endzweige als stumpf, was aber gelegentlich auch bei unserer Art 
vorkommt. Mit CZ. alcicornis ZOLL. et MOR. hat sie aber nichts zu tun, daher 
hat SACCARDO ihren Namen geändert. 

Clavulina Leveillei ist morphologisch kaum von Clavaria corniculata 
FRIES zu trennen. Die gelbe Farbe, die Art der Verzweigung, u.s.w. haben 
beide Arten gemein. Zwar geben COTTON and WAKEFIELD (1.c.p.181)in 
ihrer Monographie an, dass die Endzweige von CI. corniculata nicht schar 
zugespitzt sind, aber-dies steht nicht im Einklang mit ihrer Angabe, dass 
Clavaria muscoides L., von weicher Art überall angegeben wird, dass die 
Endzweige scharf zugespitzt sind, mit ersterer identisch ist. Wie ich schon 
früher betonte, ist auf dieses Merkmal kein Wert zu legen. Weiter sind auch 
die Sporen und Sporenmassen dieselben. Der einzige Unterschied besteht 
nur in Zahl und Form der Sterigmen. Bei CZ. corniculata gibt es 4 auf- 
rechte Sterigmen. Ich habe unsere Art wiederholt untersucht, aber immer 
2 zangenfürmige Sterigmen gefunden. Clavaria corniculata SCHAFFER Wird 
von ZOLLINGER selbst erwähnt (siehe oben). Er hat sie auf Erde bei Tjikoja 
gefunden (ZOLLINGER, Herb. normale 1121) und beschreibt die Endzweige 
als “lunulatis acutis”. Zweïfellos handelt es sich hier um unsere C/avulina 
Leveillei. Was HENNINGS später als Clavaria cristatula beschrieb, sind nur 
kleine Exemplare unserer Art. Er erwähnt auch die zangenfôrmigen Sterigmen. 
Seine Angabe über ihre Anzahl (4) ist unrichtig. Das übrige stimmt. 

Es wäre môglich, dass auch die Clavaria coronata ZIPPEL (= CL. 
turgida LÉV.) identisch ist. Die Beschreibung stimmt ziemlich gut, nur das 
Substrat (,ad truncos’”’) ist verschieden. Also habe ich nicht auf eine 
Identifizierung schliessen zu dürfen. 

Unsere Art ist schon von KUHL und VAN HASSELT !) trefflich abge- 
- bildet worden. Noch môchte ich erwähnen, dass JUEL Clavaria muscoides L. 
zytologisch prüfte. Sie hat Chiastobasidien mit 4 aufrechten Sterigmen. 
Also scheint mir eine Identifizierung mit Clavulina Leveillei ausgeschlossen. 

1) In der Bibliothek in Buitenzorg gibt es eine Sammiung farbiger Abbildungen 


von KUHL und VAN HASSELT. Darunter sind viele Pilze, welche nur zum Teil von den 
Autoren benannt wurden. Publiziert wurden sie nie, 


262 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





2. Clavulina fusco-lilacina (BERK.) V. OVEREEM nov. comb. 


Synoniemen : 
Clavaria fusco-lilacina BERKELY (HOOKER'S Journ. of Botany, Vol. VII 
1856 p. 276). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 2 Tafel II Fig. 4, a—d. 


Fruchtkürper 3—7 cm hoch, 2—8 mm dick, im Habitus ausserordentlich 
verschieden: entweder einfach kurz keulenfôrmig, starr, in einen kurzen Stiel 
verschmälert, oder verlängert keulenfürmig, verbogen und etwas um einander 
ceschlängelt und lang gestielt, oder ein bis zweimal verzweiot und Zweige 
oft dicht zusammengedrängt. Gipfel wenig verschmälert und abgerundet, 
bisweilen kopffürmig angeschwollen, etwas breit gedrückt und gefaltet oder 
stark zugespitzt. Die Keulen stehen einzeln, in kleinen Gruppen oder dicht 
rasig. Farbe meistens violettlichbraun, bisweilen schôn dunkel braunviolett, von 
den Sporen weisslich bereift, im Alter stark verbleichend zu braungrau oder 
ockergrau. Stiel immer schün ockerbraun, wenig oder stark ausgebildet, 
allmählich in die Keule übergehend, 3 bis 25 mm lang, 1 bis 2 mm breit. 

Basidien immer mit 2 ziemlich kleinen aber zangenfürmig abstehenden 
Sterigmen, oben nicht angeschwollen, schlauchfôrmig, 46 — 52 X 5,7 — 7 u, 

Sporen kugelig, gross, farblos, mit einem grossen Oltropfen, derbwandig, 
spitz ausgezogen, 7—8 u 1. D. 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis, (leg. C. et D. VAN OVEREEM-DE HAAS; 
ibid. leg, W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN). 

BERKELY hat in seinen Decades of Fungi, Dec. LXI— LXII, Hooker's 
Journ. of Botany, Vol. VIII 1856 p. 276 obenstehende Art nur kurz beschrieben, 
ohne mikroskopische Angaben. Diese Beschreibung stimmt aber so genau, 
dass zweifellos dieselbe Art vorliegt. Sie wurde zuerst von SPRUCE in 
Brasilien gefunden. 

Die Art ist mit Clavaria purpurea FRIES und CI. incarnata WEINM. 
leicht zu verwechseln. Die Sporen sind bei diesen Arten jedoch oval und 
die Basidien kürzer; auch die Farbe weicht ab. 

Bisweilen findet man an den Endzweigen schwarzbraune, scharf zuge- 
spitzte Gebilde. Meiner Meinung nach handelt es sich hier um Hemmungs- 
bildungen durch Witterungsverhältnisse. 


3, Clavulina umbrina (LÉV.) V. OVEREEM nov. comb. 


Synoniemen : 

Clavaria umbrina LÉVEILLÉ (Annales d. Sciences nat, 3 Série Vol V 
1846 p. 155 no. 194). 

Clavaria furcata HENNINGS et NYMAN (Monsunia) | 1900 p. 9). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heîft 2 Tafel 11 Fig. 2, a—d. 


D Mu bé 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 263 





Fruchtkôrper bis 7 cm hoch, ein bis dreimal gegabelt, Verzweigung 
bisweilen unregelmässig, einzeln oder büschelig und dicht zusammen- 
gedrängt. Âste zuerst wenig divergierend, dann aufrecht, dick, starr, selten 
gebogen und dünn, allmählich in den nicht abgegrenzten Stiel übergehend, 
oben sich in zwei kurze, spitze oder zwei längere, halbmondfürmige, stumpfe 
Endzweige auflôsend, oder abgerundet ohne Endzweige ; schün purpurfarbig 
oder purpurbraun, bei den Endzweigen allmählich in goldgelb übergehend, 
bisweilen aber ganz gelblich; Aeste 1—4 mm breit, bei den Verzweigungen 
mehr oder weniger aufgeblasen und breitgedrückt. 

Basidien mit 2 oder 4 Sterigmen, lang gestielt, mit zahlreichen Oltropfen 
oder kôrnigem, gelbem Inhalt, 46—358 %X 5,7—8,5 u. 

Sterigmen gross, etwas zangenfôrmig abstehend, 10—14 x lang. 

Sporen kugelig, derbwandig, mit einem grossen, selten mit zwei 
Oltropfen, gleichmässig stumpf ausgezogen, erst goldgelb, später farblos, 
5—7 (-9) x i, D. 

Auf Erde, Hortus Bogoriensis, wiederholt gefunden. 


Die Unterbringung in die Gattung Clavulina ist noch etwas zweïfelhaît 
und die zytologische Untersuchung wird dies aufklären. Die Basidien sind 
nicht schlauchfôrmig, sondern unten deutlich stielfürmig verschmälert und die 
Sterigmenzahl beträgt meistens 4. Die Sterigmen sind aber deutlich gekrümmt 
und abgebogen, sehr gross und die Sporen sind kugelig und derbwandig, 
Merkmale, welche zweifellos auf die Gattung Clavulina hinweisen, 

Die Art wurde zuerst von ZOLLINGER auf Erde bei Tjikoja auf Java 
gefunden und von LÉVEILLÉ beschrieben. Die Diagnose ist ziemlich kurz 
und unvollständig. Seine Angaben sind aber charakteristisch genug, um eine 
Identifizierung zuzulassen: ,ramis confertis, fuscis, apice dilatatis cristatis 
acutis”. Clavaria furcata HENNINGS et NYMAN ist zweifellos dieselbe Art. 
Die Beschreibung bezieht sich auf kleine, gedrungene Exemplare, ist aber 
unvollständig. Sie wurden von NYMAN im hiesigen botanischen Garten auf 
Erde gesammelt. 

MORITZI (System. Verzeichn. 1845—1846 p. 124) und ZOLLINGER 
(System. Verzeichn. 1854 p. 12) erwähnen sie unter der Nummer 2077 
(Herb. normale). 


L 


CLAVARIA VAILLANT, 
4. Clavaria vermiculata MICHELI, 
(Nova plantarum genera, 1729 p. 209 Taf. 87 Fig. 12) 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 2 Tafel IV Figur 3, a—b. 


Fruchtkôürper zylindrisch oder pfriemlich, nie verzweigt, einzeln und zer- 
streut oder schwach büschelig, normal bis 10 em lang, 1—3 mm breit, bisweilen 
aber klein, kaum 10 mm hoch und 1 mm breit, unten und oben verschmälert, 





264 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 


reinweiss, fast etwas glasig, Gipfel später etwas gelblich, sehr gebrechlich, 
aufrecht aber meistens zierlich gekrümmt oder wurmfürmig verbogen. 

Basidien mit 4 dünnen, pfriemlichen, aufrechten Sterigmen, oben wenig 
angeschwollen, mit kôrnig plasmatischem Inhalt, 40 X 4,5—5,7 w. 

Sporen eifürmig-zylindrisch, unten zugespitzt, mit feinkôrnigem Inhalt, 
farblos 5—5,7 K 2,3—3 u. 

Auf Erde, Tijibodas, G. Gede, W, Java, + 1400 m, (leg C. et D. VAN 
OVEREEM- DE HAAS); Buitenzorg, Bambusawald, (leg. C. R. BAKHUIZEN 
V. D. BRINK Jun.). 


Die Art hat keinen typischen Geruch oder Geschmack. 

Sie kommt in Tjibodas ziemlich häufig vor. 

In den meisten Büchern und Abhandlungen wird sie nicht angeführt. 
Nur WINTER (Rabenh. Kryptog. FI. 1e Abteilung Bd. I p. 307) und RICKEN 
(Vademecum für Pilzfreunde 1918 p. 257) erwähnen sie. Die reinweisse 
Farbe, grosse Gebrechlichkeit und der Habitus stimmen vorzüglich. RICKEN 
beschreibt die Sporen als zylindrisch, glatt und farblos. Ich fand die Sporen 
etwas grüsser und etwas eifürmig. 


5. Clavaria fumosa FRIES, 


(System. Myc. I p. 483) 
Synoniemen : 
Clavaria fumosa PERS. (Obs. Myc. | p. 31). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 3 Tafel III Fig. 6, a-b, 


Fruchtkôrper unverzweigt, mehr oder weniger dicht büschelig, bisweilen 
aber einzeln, bis 7,5 cm hoch, 1,5--3 mm dick, zylindrisch oder etwas 
keulig, oben stumpf oder allmählich zugespitzt, unten stielfürmig verschmä- 
lert, grauweiss, später, besonders die Gipfel sich bräunend, zuletzt ganz 
rauchfarbig, üfters gebogen, verdreht, oder etwas abgeplattet, glatt, aber 
manchmal der Länge nach gefurcht. 

Fleisch weiss, riecht etwas knoblauchartig. 

Basidien mit 4 Sterigmen, oben deutlich angeschwollen, 30—40 X5,5—7 u. 

Sterigmen aufrecht, kurz und spitz. 

Sporen hyalin, glatt, zylindrisch-eifürmig, unten kurz und schief zugespitzt, 
mit kôrnigem Inhalt, 5,7—7,5 X°2,8—4 w. 

Das innere Gewebe besteht aus kurzzylindrischen, regelmässig geord- 
neten, Zellen, 28 —57.X 10—14 x. 

Auf humôüser Erde, wiederholt von mir in Buitenzorg gesammelt. 


Eine häufige Art; einmal wuchs sie zu tausenden zwischen Gras und Steinen 
längs einer Hauptstrasse. Auch im botanischen Garten ist sie gefunden worden. 

Meine Exemplare stimmen trefflich mit der Beschreibung von COTTON 
und WAKEFIELD (1. c. p. 183—184). Die Art ist gut charakterisiert durch die 
schmutzigweisse Farbe, die braunen Gipfel, die innere Zellstrucktur und die 
kurzen Sterigmen. CZ. vermiculata MICHELI ist durch ihre reinweisse Farbe 
und kleinere Sporen gut unterschieden. 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 265 





6. Clavaria filiformis HENNINGS et NYMAN, 
(Monsunia | 1900 p. 8) 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heîft 3 Tafel IT Fig. 7, a-b. 


Fruchtkôrper nicht verzweigt, bisweilen mit der Basis zusammenhängend, 
einzeln und zerstreut oder dicht büschelig, zylindrisch, aufrecht und starr 
oder etwas hin und her gebogen, unten nicht und oben fast nicht verschmälert 
und stumpf, elfenbeinweiss oder crêmeweiss, Basis mehr gelblich bis tiefgelb, 
glatt und glänzend, 3—8,5 cm hoch, 1—1,5 mm breit, bisweilen aber sehr 
klein, kaum 1 em hoch und dann oîft zerstreut. 

Basidien mit 2 oder 4 Sterigmen, oben stark angeschwollen, mit zahl- 
reichen Oltropfen, 40 (—50)X7—8,5 wu. 

Sterigmen gross, besonders gegenüber den kleinen Sporen, erst blasig, 
dann mehr spitz, aufrecht, 2 oder 4, nur bei geschrumpften Basidien mehr 
abstehend, etwa 6 « lang. 

Sporen kugelig, klein (3,5)—4,5—5 x i. D., mit grossem Oltropfen, 
olatt und farblos, mit sehr kurz ausgezogenem Spitzchen. 

Auf Erde, Naturschutzgebiet ,Depok”, Res. Batavia, (leg. W. DOCTERS 
VAN LEEUWEN et C. et D. VAN OVEREEM-DE HAAS) und botanischer Garten 
zu Buitenzorg (leg. C. VAN OVEREEM). 


Eine ziemlich variable Art, aber durch die starren, aufrechten Fruchtkürper, 
ihre Farbe und besonders durch die kleinen kugeligen Sporen von den 
übrigen weissen Arten gut verschieden. Sie ist verwandt mit CZ. acuta FRIES, 
aber die Sporen sind bei unserer Art fast um die Hälfte kleiner. 

Die Habitusbeschreibung bei HENNINGS stimmt ziemlich gut, seine 
mikroskopischen Angaben aber sind falsch. Die Basidien sind viel grüsser 
und die Sporen sind farblos, nicht gelb. Mit CZ. fusiformis SOW. hat unsere 
Art die kugeligen Sporen und die grossen Sterigmen gemein. 


7. Clavaria rosacea HENNINGS, 


(VOELZKOW, Reise in Ostafrika IT 1908 p. 19 Taî. II Fig. 5) 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 3 Tafel II Fig. 3,a. 


Fruchtkôürper unverzweigt, 3,5—14 cm hoch, 1—4 mm breit, zylindrisch 
oder mehr breit gedrückt, aufrecht und schwach gekrümmt oder wellenfürmig 
gebogen, bisweilen furchig oder etwas gewunden, oben deutlich zugespitzt 
und Spitze oft umgebogen, unten wenig verschmälert, schôn rosa, bei der 
Sporenreife mehr weisslich rosa, Basis etwas gelbbräunlich. 

Basidien mit 4 Sterigmen, oben schwach angeschwollen, mit plasmati- 
schem Inhalt, 32—36 XK 5,5—7 u. 

Sterigmen zugespitzt, aufrecht, etwa 6 x lang. 

Sporen kugelig, farblos, glatt, mit einem zentralen Oltropfen, allmählich 
schwach ausgezogen, 4—5, 5 u i. D. 


266 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 





Auf Erde, Naturschutzgebiet ,Depok”, Res. Batavia (leg. W. DOCTERS 
VAN LEEUWEN et C. et D. VAN OVEREEM- DE HAAS). 


Die Beschreibung von HENNINGS stimmt in jeder Hinsicht trefflich, nur 
das Substrat (Baumrinde) stimmt nicht. Das Material wurde auf Madagascar 
cesammelt. HENNINGS vergleicht sie mit CI. laeta BERK. et BROOME und CI. 
Braunii HENNINGS. Mit CI. laeta (auf Erde auf Ceylon gefunden) ist sie jeden- 
falls verwandt ; nur sind dort die Sporen grôsser (8 4) und von der Farbe 
sagen die Autoren ,nitide rubra”. Mit CI. Braunii, einer kleiner goldgelben 
Art mit ganz anderen Sporen hat sie nichts zu tun. 

Im Habitus ist sie der Clavaria rosea FR. sehr ähnlich, und die Beschrei- 
bung bei COTTON und WAKEFIELD (1 c.p. 188) stimmt vorzüglich, nur die 
Sporenform ist verschieden : ovoid oder breit elliptisch, 7—10 X5—6 u. 
Nach SACCARDO, Sylloge VI p. 717 sind sie aber 2 ui. D., während RICKEN 
angibt 6-7 X 5 « und punktiert. Diese Art ist also ziemlich unsicher. 


8. Clavaria subaurantiaca HENNINGS et NYMAN, 
(Monsunia | 1900 p. 8) 
Synoniemen : 
Clavaria persimilis COTTON (Transactions of the British Mycological 
Society, III 1909 p. 182). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 3 Tafel I Fig. 1, a-c, 


Fruchtkürper dicht büschelig, bisweilen aber zu zweien oder einzeln, 
unverzweiot, ausnahmsweise verzweigt und dann der Länge nach gefurcht, 
stielrund, oder etwas breitgedrückt, nach unten mehr oder oder weniger, 
nach oben immer deutlich und gleichmässig verschmälert und zugespitzt, 
aber nicht scharf; meistens etwas buchtig, sogar wurmiürmig, 3,5 —9,5 cm 
hoch, 1,5—3 mm breit, leuchtend gelblichorange oder orange, im trockenen 
Zustand dunkel orange, von den reifen Sporen weisslich bereit. 

Subhymeniale Hyphen mit zahlreichen kleinen, eckigen, orangefarbigen 
Kôürnchen. 

Basidien mit 4 Sterigmen, keulenfürmig, 35—40X6—7,5 u, farblos. 

Sterigmen ziemlich gross, aufrecht, etwa 6—8 « lang. 

Sporen kugelig, farblos, mit einem zentralen, grossen Oltropten, all- 
mählich stumpf ausgezogen, 3,5—5 x i. D. oder 5,7—6,3 u lang. 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis (leg. W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN et 
C, VAN OVEREEM); Tiibodas, G. Gede, W. Java, 1400 m (leg. C.'et D 
VAN OVEREEM -DE HAAS). 


Die Art ist im hiesigen botanischen Garten eine häufige Erscheinung. 
Sie riecht etwas nach Knoblauch. 

Die kleinen, orangefarbigen Kürperchen in den subhymenialen Hyphen 
färben sich mit Jod grün; mif Schwefelsäure geben sie keine Reaktion, also 
handelt es sich hier nicht um ein Karotinoid. 


VAN OVEREEM : Beifrüäge zur Piülzflora von Niederländisch Indien 267 





NYMAN hat die Art zuerst im hiesigen botanischen Garten gefunden, 
Die Beschreibung stimmt gut, nur haben kleine Exemplare vorgelegen. Die 
Basidien hat HENNINGS etwas länger gefunden (bis 50 “) und’ die Sporen 
etwas grôsser (6 —8 u). 

Clavaria persimilis COTTON ist zweifellos identisch. Die Beschreibung 
stimmt trefflich, nur sind die Sporen etwas weniger rundlich angegeben. 


9. Clavaria fusiformis FRIES, 
(System, Mycol. [ p. 480) 


Synoniemen : 

Clavaria fusiformis SOWERBY (Coloured Figures of English Fungi or 
Mushrooms, Tab. 234). 

Clavaria fasciculata PERSOON (Commentatio de fungis clavaeformibus, 
MOD: 72). 

Clavaria ceranoides PERSOON (Synopsis methodica fungorum, 1801 p. 
594). 

Clavaria amoena ZOLLINGER et MORITZI (Natuur- en Geneeskundig 
Archief voor Neërlands-Indië, 1 1844 p. 380—381). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 3 Tafel IT Fig. 2, a—b. 


Fruchtkôrper fast immer dicht büschelig oder sogar rasig, selten wenige 
zusammen, unverzweigt, selten gegabelt und dann oîft etwas unregelmässig 
und breitgedrückt, 2,5—7 cm hoch, 1—3,5 mm breit, spindelfôrmig, gebogen 
und um einander geschlängelt, bisweilen verdreht, nach oben allmählich 
zugespitzt, nach unten in einen ziemlich langen, dünnen, oft gewundenen 
Stiel verschmälert oder Stiel fast gar nicht ausgebildet, hochgelb, bisweilen 
etwas orangegelb, innen hohl. Geschmack bitter. 

Basidien mit 4 Sterigmen, keulenfürmig, mit kôrnigem, plasmatischen 
Inhalt, welcher sich schliesslich gelb färbt, ziemlich verschieden lang, 
40—50 X 6-85 u. Sterigmen breit und zugespitzt, fast aufrecht, etwa 
5,5 u lang. 

Sporen rein kugelig, mit aufgesetztem, stumpfen bisweilen weit hervor- 
ragenden Anheftungsstielchen, zuerst farblos und mit einem zentralen 
Oltropfen, schliesslich intensiv grünlichgelb, 4—6 « i. D. 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis (leg. C. VAN OVEREEM); Tjibodas 
G. Gede, W. Java, 1400 m (leg. B. SCHWARZ). 


Das Material stimmt trefflich mit der ausführlichen Beschreibung von 
COTTON et WAKEFIELD (1. c. p. 184). 

Die Art wurde zuerst von Prof. Dr. E. HEINRICHER auf Java gesammelt 
und von BRESADOLA bestimmt als CI. fusiformis SOW. (Fungi Javanici lecti 
a. cl. Prof. Dr. E. HEINRICHER; Annal. Mycol., V 1907 p. 240). 

Clavaria amoena ZOLL. et MOR. ist wohl identisch. Die Beschreibung 
bezieht sich auf kleine, ärmliche Exemplare. Zwar sagen die Autoren von 
ihren Exemplaren ,pulcherrime aurea”, es käme dafür also auch die Clavaria 


268 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4, 





subaurantiaca HENN. et Nym. in Betracht. Allein sie beschreiben die 
Fruchtkôrper als hohl und innen mit Fadenstruktur, Merkmale, welche nur 
bei CZ fusiformis FR, vorkommen. Auch ïihr Vergleich mit CZ. spéralis 
JUNGH. spricht für diese Auffassung. COTTON und WAKEFIELD geben an, 
dass die Sporen zuerst gelb sind und später farblos werden. Ich glaube, 
dass die Sache sich gerade umgekehrt verhält. Darauf deutet schon hin, 
dass der Inhalt der Basidien sich auch später gelb färbt. 

Die Sporenbeschreibung bei RICKEN (1. c.p. 256—257) ist falsch. 

Die Gipfel von Exemplaren, welche ich im botanischen Garten sam- 
melte, waren bisweilen leuchtend weinrot gefärbt. Wahrscheinlich handelt 
es sich hier um einen Fäulnisprozess, durch Bakterien verursacht. 


10. Clavaria vermicularis FRIES, 


(System. Mycol. I p. 4) 

Synoniemen : 

Clavaria striata PERSOON (Icones et descriptiones fungorum minus 
cognitorum, 1798—1890 p. 11 Taf. I Fig. 5. 

Clavaria fragilis HOLMSKJOLD (Beata ruris stia Fungis Danicis impensa, 
1790 p. 7). 

Clavaria vermiculata SCOPOLI (Flora Carciolica, Editio secunda, Il 
1772 p. 483. 

Clavaria spiralis JUNGHUHN (Verhandelingen v.h. Bataviasche Genoot- 
schap, XVII 1839 p. 32 Fig. 19) (?) 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heît 4 Tafel IV Fig. 1, a-c. 


Fruchikürper entweder einzeln oder dicht büschelig, 2,5—8 cm hoch, 
1—15 mm breit unverzweigt oder ausnahmsweise etwas verzweigt, im 
Habitus ausserordentlich verschieden: die büschelig stehenden Exemplare 
meistens spindelfürmig und breitgedrückt, sogar bandfürmig, nach oben 
verschmälert und abgerundet, nie scharf zugespitzt; die einzeln stehenden 
Exemplare keulenfôrmig und oben stumpf abgerundet; nach unten fast immer 
stielfürmig verschmälert, etwas buchtig, wurmfôrmig und ôfters gewunden; 
Oberfläche'glatt oder runzelig unebeu, der Länge nach gefurcht; schmutzig- 
weiss, crêmeweiss oder hell ockergelblichweiss, bisweilen tief ockergelb; 
immer hohl, schliesslich oben gespalten, bisweilen becherfürmig oder bis 
zum Boden gespalten und auseinander weichend; innen gelblichweiss; sehr 
gebrechlich. 

Basidien mit 4 Sterigmen, keulenfürmig, farblos, 45—50 X7—9 w. 

Sterigmen gross, aufrecht, bis 10 «x lang. 

Sporen fast kugelig, stark lichtbrechend, 4—6 5,5 —8 , mit allmählich 
stumpf ausgezogener Anheftungsstelle, glatt, farblos, 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis, wiederholt gefunden; Tiibodas, G. Gede, 
W. Java, 1400 m (leg. P. DAKKUS). 


Die Beschreibung bei COTTON und WAKEFIELD stimmt ziemlich gut, 
nur ist die Variabilität der verschiedenen Merkmale bei unseren Exemplaren 


VAN OVEREEM: Beitrüge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 269 





viel grüsser. Die Sporen geben sie jedenfalls viel zu klein an (3—5 X 
3—4 u). Nach LINDAU (Kryptogamenflora für Anfänger, | (zweite Auflage) 
1917 p. 32) sind die Sporen 6—8 XX 3—5 u, was gut stimmt. Auch die 
Beschreibung bei RICKEN (Il. c.p. 257 sub CZ. fragilis HOLMSK].) stimmt 
eut, wie die Abbildung und Beschreibung bei MICHAEL (Führer für Pilz- 
freunde, B, Il 1918 No. 110). l 

Clavaria spiralis JUNGHUHN ist nach der Abbildung vielleicht nichts 
anders als stark gespaltene und tordierte Exemplare unserer Art. 

Dasselbe gilt fur CI. striata PERS., von welcher die Abbildung in 
JUILLARD-HARTMANN, Iconographie Vol. V, reproduziert wurde. 

Gewundene Exemplare unserer Art stimmen im Habitus mit CI. contorta 
FR. überein, aber diese Art hat grosse elliptische Sporen und wächst auf 
toten Astchen. Es wäre môüglich, dass auch CL strigosa HENNINGS et 
NYMAN (Monsunia | 1900 p. 8) mit unserer Artidentisch ist. Die Beschrei- 
bung stimmt bis auf die striegelhaarige Basis vollständig. Sie wurde auch 
im hiesigen botanischen Garten auf Erde von NYMAN gesammelt. 


11. Clavaria luteo-tenerrima V. OVEREEM nov. spec. 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heîft 3 Tafel IT Fig. 5, a-b. 


Fruchtkôrper unverzweigt, einzeln oder zu wenigen beisammen, 1—5,5 
cm hoch, 0,5—2 mm dick, zart und fein, keulenfürmig und oben stumpf oder 
fast fadendünn und zugespitzt, auch etwas breitgedrückt und gewunden, 
aufrecht oder gekrümmt, intensiv goldgelb, später schmutziggrünlichgelb. 

Basidien mit 4 Sterigmen, kurz keulenfürmig, ôfters buchtig, mit tief gel- 
bem, kôrnigen Inhalt, welcher später bronzefarbig wird, 25—30 X 56,5 w. 

Sterigmen aufrecht, kurz und spitz, etwa 5 « lang. 

Sporen zylindrisch oder eifôürmig-zylindrisch, unten kegelig zugespitzt, 
glatt, mit farbloser Membran, tief grünlichgelbem, homogenen Inhalt und 
üfters mit einem zentralen, farblosen Oltropfen. 5,5—8,5 X 3,2--4 u. 

Das innere Gewebe besteht aus kurz zylindrischen, etwa 6,5 « breiten, 
farblosen Zellen und dazwischen dünnen, verzweigten farblosen Hyphen 
mit deutlichen Schnallen und lichtbrechendem Inhalt. 

Auf Erde, Naturschutzgebiet “Depok’”’ zwischen Batavia und Buitenzorg, 
(leg. W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN et C. et D. VAN OVEREEM-DE HAAS). 


Eine winzige Art, gut charakterisiert durch die gelben Sporen und 
Basidien. Sie ist der C/. luteo-ochracea CAV. sehr ähnlich. Der Stiel dieser 
Art ist aber rotbraun-ockergelb und von einem gelben Inhalt von Sporen 
und Basidien wird nichts angegeben. C{. biformis ATKINS. hat kleinere und 
farblose Sporen. Auch steht sie in der Nähe von CZ. inaequalis FRIES. Die 
Habitusbeschreibung dieser Art stimmt gut, so auch die gelben Basidien 
(siehe COTTON und WAKEFIELD, I. c. p. 189). Die Sporenbeschreibung (fast 
kugelig, ockerfarbig und rauh) weicht aber gänzlich ab. Nach SCHRÔTER 
sind die Sporen 5—7 X 4 x, was mit unserer Art übereinstimmt. Nun wurde 


270 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4, 








von ZOLLINGER bei Tjikoja (W. Java) auf Erde eine Clavariace gefunden, 
welche von LÉVEILLÉ mit C/. helvola Pers. (— CI. inaequalis FR.) identifi- 
ziert wurde (ZOLLINGER, Verzeichnis, 1854 p. 12 (Herb. proprium Zollin- 
geri 104). Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich hier um unserer Art. Was die 
meisten europäischen Autoren unter CZ. inaegualis verstehen, bleibt vor- 
läufig unsicher. 


Clavaria luteo-tenerrima v. OVEREEM nov. spec. 

Simplex, solitaria vel pauca congregata, 1—5,5 cm alta, 0,5—2 mm 
crassa, tenerrima, nunc clavata et apice obtusa, nunc filiformis et acuminata, 
nunc late compressa et torta, erecta vel curvata, lutea, postremo sordide 
viride-lutea. 

Basidiis 4-sterigmatibus, clavatis, luteis, 25—30 X 5—6,5 u. 

Sterigmatibus rectis, brevibus, acutis, 5 u longis. 

Sporis cylindraceis vel ovato-cylindraceis, basi conoideo-attenuatis, 
glabris, luteis, ecolorata guttatis, 5,5—8,5 X 3,2—4 u 

Ad terram, Depok apud Buitenzorg, leg. W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN 
et C. et D. VAN OVEREEM — DE HAAS. 


12. Clavaria Zollingeri LÉVEILLÉ, 
(Annales des Sciences naturelles, Série 3, Vol. V 1846 p. 155) 


Synoniemen : 

Clavaria amethystina ZOLLINGER, non BULLIARD (Observationes phyto- 
graphicae. Natuur- en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neërland’s Indië 1, 1844 
p. 381). 

Clavaria Nymaniana HENNINGS (Monsunia |, 1900 p. 9). 

Clavaria lilacea KUHL et VAN HASSELT (im Manuskript). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium, Heft 4 Tafel IV Fig. 4, a-d. 


Fruchtkôrper verzweigt, bis 6 cm hoch, ganz hell oder prachtvoll 
tief amethystfarbig, bisweilen hell grauviolett, 1-4-mal dichotom verzweigt, 
ohne Strunk, Verzweigung sofort beim Boden anfangend und Aeste dort 
dicht zusammengedrängt oder Verzweigung erst auf einiger Distanz (1—3 cm) 
vom Boden anfangend. Âste stielrund oder etwas breitgedrückt, 0,5—3 mm 
breit, aufrecht, wenig divergierend, glatt, nach oben fast nicht dünner 
werdend, sehr gebrechlich, letzte Gabelung kurz und spitz oder länger 
und stumpf endigend. Bei tief gefärbten Exemplaren ist der Stiel heller 
gefärbt, bisweilen unten etwas bräunlich. 

Basidien mit 4 Sterigmen, ziemlich kurz, oben stark angeschwollen, 
mit kürnig plasmatischem Inhalt, 23—25 X 5—7 u. 

Sterigmen aufrecht, dünn und spitz. 

Sporen farblos, mit plasmatischem Inhalt, glatt, zylindrisch-eifôrmig, 
unten etwas schief zugespitzt, 4,5—6,5 X 2,5—3 u. 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis, wiederholt gefunden. 


VAN OVEREEM: Beifrüge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 271 

Nach der Originaldiagnose von LÉVEILLÉ sind die Fruchtkôürper 3—4 
cm hoch; Âste wenig zahlreich, dichotom verzweigt; Stiel kurz und glatt 
und Farbe rosa, übergehend in schün violett, was gut stimmt. Seine Angabe 
“ad truncos” ist aber zweifellos unrichtig, denn sie ist auch bei MORITZI 
(System. Verzeichniss, 1845—1846 p. 124) angeführt, wo ,ad terram”’ hin- 
zugefügt ist. Bei ZOLLINGER (System. Verzeichniss der im Indischen Archipel 
in den Jahren 1842—1848 cesammelten Pflanzen u.s.w., Zürich 1854 p. 12) 
wird über das Substrat nichts angegeben (Herb. proprium Zollingeri no. 99). 

Die von ZOLLINGER angeführte CL amethystina (siehe oben) gehürt 
zWeifelsohne zu unserer Art. ZOLLINGER selbst sagt schon “an eadem 
species ?” und seine Bemerkung “rami inferne simplices” deutet auch darauf 
hin. Er hat die Art auf Erde bei Tijikoja im Jahre 1843 gefunden; ob dieses 
Material von LÉVEILLÉ als CZ. Zollingeri beschrieben worden ist, lässt sich 
nur vermuten, weil dieser Autor die Nummer 992 und nicht 99 hinzufügt 
und Näheres über den Fundort nicht mitteilt. 

Von NYMAN wurde die Art im hiesigen botanischen Garten auf Erde 
gesammelt und von FENNINGS als eine neue Art beschrieben. Die Beschrei- 
bung stimmt gut, nur hat er die Basidien etwas grüsser gefunden. Die 
Sporenbeschreibung “subglobosis” und “hyalino-flavidulis” ist aber falsch. 

Von CZ. amethystina FR: ist unsere Art durch die Art der Verzweigung 
und Farbe verschieden. Erstere hat auch viel grüssere Sporen und Basidien. 
Auch C{. lilacina FRIES (= CL. Schaefferi SACC. = CI. purpurea SCHAEFF. 
non FI. Dan.) ist verwandt, hat aber rundliche, grôssere Sporen (9 X 7—8 
u). CL. lilacina JUNGH. ist eine auf Strünken wachsende, zweifelhafte Art, 
deren Namen jedenfalls geändert werden muss. 

In der Sammlung Pilzabbildungen von KUHL und VAN HASSELT 
existiert von CZ. Zollingeri eine gute Abbildung unter dem Namen CL. lilacea. 

Die neuerdings von PETCH in den Annals of the Royal Bot. Garden 
of Peradeniya Vol. VII Part. IV p. 290 beschriebene CZ violacea hat keinen 
Wert, weil keine mikroskopischen Merkmale hinzugefügt sind. Auch ein 
Vergleich mit anderen violetten Arten fehlt vollständig, Für unsere heutige 
Pilzsystematik bilden dergleichen Beschreibungen einen unnôtigen Ballast. 
Der Beschreibung nach zu urteilen ist sie wohl mit unserer Art identisch. 


13. Clavaria depokensis V. OVEREEM nov. spec. 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 3 Tafel II Figur 4, a—b. 


Fruchtkôrper unverzweict, zerstreut oder zu wenigen beisammen, 1—8 cm 
ang, 0,5—3 mm breit, stielrund und sehr schwach keulenfürmig oder mehr 
oder weniger breitgedrückt und der Länge nach gefurcht, bisweilen fadendünn, 
aufrecht und starr oder buchtig und wurmfürmig, oben stumpf abgerundet 
oder etwas verschmälert und stumpf zugespitzt, zuerst dunkel orange, 
schliesslich von den Sporen tief blutrot, Basis verschmälert und ganz unten 
weisslich mit weissem, kurzstrahligen Myzel. 

Basidien mit 4 Sterigmen, farblos oder mit goldgelben Tropfen, keulen- 
fürmig, oben deutlich angeschwollen, 32—38 X 6—7,5 wu. 


272 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 








Sterigmen ziemlich gross, etwas abstehend aber nicht zangenfürmig, 
bis 8,5 u lang. 

Sporenzylindrisch oder eifürmig, unten schief zugespitzt, mit einem, selten 
2 goldgelben Oltropfen, schliesslich tief braunrot und zusammengeschrumpft, 
als kürnige Kruste das Hymenium überdeckend. 

Auf faulenden Blättern und Âstchen, Naturschutzgebiet “Depok”’ bei 
Buitenzorg, (leg. W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN et C. et D. VAN OVEREEM- 
DE HAAS). 


Eine merkwäürdige Art, der C/avaria luteo-tenerrima V. OVEREEM im 
Habitus, Basidien und Sporen sehr ähnlich. Ob es sich bei den eckigen 
rotbraunen Gebilden wirklich um alte Sporen handelt, habe ich noch nicht 
einwandfrei beobachten künnen. Deutliche Uebergänge habe ich nicht ge- 
funden. Eine andere Deutung der Entstehung habe ich jedenfalls nicht 
finden kôünnen. 

Sie ist mit verschiedenen Arten verwandt, aber mit keiner habe 
ich sie identifizieren künnen. CZ. helicoides PAT. et DEMANGE ist ganz 
ähnlich, nur wächst diese Art auf Erde und von den Sporen wird nichts 
angegeben. Weiter kommen in Betracht CI. subfistulosa HENN. (Farbe aber 
,pallide rufescens”, Sporen mehr rundlich und auf Erde), CZ Cyatheae 
HENN. (mehr fleischfarbig und anderen Stiel, Sporen mehr rundiich), C1. 
laeticolor BERK. et CURTIS (stimmt gut, nur wird von den Sporen nichts ange- 
geben), CZ. tasmanica BERK. (Sporen fast kugelig und grüsser) und CZ, miltina 
BERK. (über die Sporen wird nichts angegeben). Der CZ. laeticoior BERK. 
et CURTIS steht sie am nächsten, ist wahrscheinlich mit dieser Art identisch. 


Clavaria depokensis V, OVEREEM nov. spec. 

Simplex, solitaria vel pauca congregata, 1—8 cm longa, 0,5—3 mm 
crassa, nunc teretiuscula et subclavata, nunc subcompressa et sulcata, rariter 
filiformis, erecta et rigida vel flexuosa et vermicularis, apice obtuse rotundata 
vel acute attenuata, basi attenuata et mycelio candido breve radiante munita, 
primo intense aurantiaca, postremo sanguinea. 

Basidiis 4-sterigmatibus, clavatis, 32—38<6—7,5 u. 

Sterigmatibus majusculis,-8,5 « longis. 

Sporis cylindraceis vel ovatis, basi oblique attenuatis, glabris, hyalinis, 
uni-, raro bi-luteoguttatis, postremo intense ruîus. 

Ad foliis ramulisque putridis. 

Depok apud Buitenzorg, (leg. W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN et C. et 
D. VAN OVEREEM-DE HAAS). 


14. Clavaria implexa LÉVEILLÉ, 
(Annales des Sciences naturelles, Série 3, Vol. V 1846 p. 154) 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 1 Taïel 1 Fig. 2, a. 


Fruchtkôürper korallenartig verzweigt, 8—10 cm hoch, ausserordentlich 
reich verästelt. 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 273 





Strunk sehr kurz und dünn, etwa 1 cm hoch und nur wenige mm 
dick, schmutzig weiss, an der Basis mit zahlreichen weissen Myzelsträngen. 
Oben verzweigt sich der Strunk unregelmässig und reichlich und bildet 
zahlreiche fast gleich dünne, stark divergierende, zuerst fast horizontal ver- 
laufende, bald aber sich rechtwinkelig umbiegende und dann aufrecht ge- 
hende Âste. Diese aufgehenden Aste sind wiederholt gegabelt, bei den 
Verzweigungen etwas breitgedrückt, Âste fast immer stark divergierend, 
Endzweige oft schün halbmondfürmig und stark zugespitzt; Aste 0,5 —2,5 mm 
dick, hell schmutzig fleischfarbig oder violettlich, im trockenen Zustande 
schmutzig grauweiss; Zweigspitzen dunkel violettbraun, 

Basidien mit 4 aufrechten, spitzen Sterigmen, kurz, 22—24%< 5,5 w. 

Sporen elliptisch, bisweilen nach unten etwas verschmälert, farblos, rauh, 
5—6, 5 X2,8—4 u. 

Auf Erde zwischen Gräsern, Hortus bogoriensis, wiederholt von mir 
gefunden ; Naturschutzgebiet , Depok” bei Buitenzorg, (leg. W. DOCTERS VAN 
LEEUWEN et C. et D. VAN OVEREEM - DE HAAS; R.C. BAKHUIZEN V.D. BRINK). 


Eine typische Art, mit keiner anderen zu verwechseln. 

Sie wurde zuerst von ZOLLINGER auf Java auf Erde gefunden und von 
LÉVEILLÉ beschrieben. Es ist eigentümlich, dass sie später nirgends erwähnt 
und auch nie wiedergefunden wurde, obschon sie im hiesigen botanischen 
Garten eine häufige Erscheinung ist. 

Mit keiner europäischen Art zeigt sie Uebereinstimmung. 

Die Beschreibung von LÉVEILLÉ stimmt gut, nur ist die Art nicht fleischig, 
sondern vielmehr etwas lederartig und zäh (lässt sich daher gut trocknen). 
In dieser Hinsicht nähert sie sich der Gattung Lachnocladium. Auch ihre 
rauhen Sporen und kurzen Basidien deuten auf diese Gattung hin. 


15. Clavaria sanguineo-acuta V. OVEREEM nov, spec. 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium, Heft 3 Tafel III, Fig. 8, a. 


Fruchtkôrper unverzweigt, hüchstens an der Basis verwachsen, dicht 
zusammengedrängt oder mehr zerstreut, bis 3 cm hoch, stielrund oder etwas 
breitgedrückt und dann gefurcht, etwas gebogen, nach oben deutlich ver- 
schmälert und fast zugespitzt, unten breit auf der Erde sitzend, leuchtend 
blutrot, im Alter verblassend, bisweilen fadendünn, 0,5—3 mm dick, innen 
etwas hohl. Basidien mit 3—4 Sterigmen, ziemlich kurz, oben schwach 
angeschwollen, farblos, 32—41 X5—7 u, sich im Reifezustand deutlich über 
das Hymenium emporhebend. 

Sterigmen aufrecht, scharf zugespitzt, 8 x lang. 

Sporen kugelig, mit kegelig ausgezogener Anheftungsstelle, glatt, farblos, 
mit einem grossen Oltropten, 4—5 y i, D. 

Hymenium ziemlich locker, fast unmittelbar sich dem inneren Gewebe 
anschliessend. 

Das innere Gewebe ist fast parenchymatisch und besteht aus parallelen, 
stark septierten Hyphen mit deutlichen Schnallen und zahlreichen kleinen, 





eckigen, roten Kürnchen, welche sich mit Schwefelsäure blauviolett und mit 
Jod grünblau färben, was auf Karotin hindeutet. 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis, zuerst von Direktor Dr. W. DOCTERS 
VAN LEEUWEN und später auch von mir an derselben Stelle gesammelt. 


Eine prachtvolle Art, der C/avaria cardinalis BOUDIER et P ATOUILLARD 
verwandt, sowohl im Habitus wie in den anatomischen Merkmalen. CL. car- 
dinalis ist aber durch ihre mehr stumpfen, unten verschmälerten und breiteren 
Fruchtkôrper und durch ihre etwas grüsseren Sporen (5—7u i.d.) verschieden 
Die Basidien sind meistens 3-sporig, 4-sporige kommen auch oft vor, 2-sporige 
Basidien sind selten. 

ZOLLINGER und MORITZI (Natuur- en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neër- 
jand's Indië 1 1844 p. 381) haben von Java ebenfalls eine blutrote C/avaria, 
Clavaria phoenicea, beschrieben, welche aber infolge ihrer grossen, fleischigen 
Fruchtkôrper hier wohl nicht im Frage kommt. Vielleicht handelt es sich 
hier gar nicht um eine C/avartia. 


Clavaria sanguineo-acuta V. OVEREEM nov. spec. 

Simplex, gregaria vel subsparsa, usque ad 3 cm alta, cylindracea vel 
subcomplanata et sulcata, subcurvata, apice conspicue attenuata et subacuta, 
basi dilatata, pulcherrime sanguinea, postea pallescens, 0.5-3 mm crassa. 

Basidiis 2—4 sterigmatibus, subbrevibus, supra subdilatatis, hyalinis, 
intus subcava, 32—41 X 5—7 u. 

Sterigmatibus rectis, acuminatis, usque ad 8 x longis, 

Sporis globosis, hyalinis, uniguttatis, levibus, 4 -5 « diam. 

Ad terram, Hortus Bogoriensis, (leg. W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN; 
ibid. leg. C. V. OVEREEM). 


16. Clavaria alcicornis ZOLLINGER et MORITZI, 
(Natuur- en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neërland’s-Indië, 1, 1844 p. 382) 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium, Heft 4 Tafel IV, Fig. 2, a—b. 


Fruchtkôrper korallenartig verzweigt, zerstreut oder in kleinen Rasen 
wachsend, 2,5—8 cm hoch. 

Strunk kurz und dick oder lang stielartig, bisweilen an der Basis ver- 
dickt, nach oben breiter werdend und etwas breitgedrückt und gefurcht, 
fleischfarbig, nach unten blasser und die Basis weisslich, bisweilen flockig 
weiss und etwas niederliegend, 1—3 cm lang, 1—5 mm dick. Asie 
mehrfach dichotom oder mehr unregelmässig verzweigt, stielrund, aber 
meistens breitgedrückt und gefurcht, bei den Verzweigungen breiter werdend, 
aufstrebend und wenig divergierend, Astchen in dichter Masse zusammen- 
gedrängt oder mehr lose stehend, sehr verschieden lang und dick, schôn 
crême-rosa oder mehr hell fleischfarbig, von den Sporen ocker-fleischfarbig 
bestaubt; Endzweige kurz und stumpf, gerade oder zangenfürmig gebogen. 


M. nat nt De à 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 275 


Gipfel prachtvoll rôtlich, aber auch wohl schmutzigbraun oder gar nicht 
abweichend gefärbt. 4 

Fleisch weiss, etwas zäh, schmeckt süsslich. Kein auffallender Geruch. 

Basidien mit 2—4 Sterigmen, sehr verschieden lang, unten stielfürmig 
verschmälert, mit üligem Inhalt, 38—75 X 5—8 u,reife Basidien nur wenig 
das Hymenium überragend. 

Sterigmen meistens 3, auch 2 oder 4, aufrecht, sehr verschieden lang, 
entweder unten blasig angeschwollen oder mehr fadenfôrmig, 5—17 « lang. 

Sporen kugelig, glatt, mit aufgesetztem Spitzchen für die Anheftung, 
schwach fleischfarbig und mit farblosem Oltropien, 4—6,5 w i. D. 

Hyphen des inneren Gewebes septiert, farblos, mit Schnallen, oft stark 
gewunden. 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis, wiederholt gefunden. 


Im Habitus eine variable Art, welche durch die kugeligen Sporen und 
wechselnde Sterigmenzahl gut in die C/avaria amethystina- Gruppe passt. 

Die Identifizierung mit CZ. alcicornis ZOLL. et MOR. ist etwas zweifelhaft, 
weil eine auffallende Farbe fehit und es kaum môglich ist, ohne mikros- 
kopische Angaben Sicherheit zu erlangen; ausserdem ist die Variabilität im Habi- 
tus zu gross. ZOLLINGER hat die Art bei Tjikoja, W. Java, auf Erde gefunden 
(Herb. normale No. 1125). Sie ist aufgenomen in den Artenverzeichnissen 
bei MORITZI (System. Verzeichnis, 1845 —1846 p. 124) und ZOLLINGER 
(System. Verzeichn. 1854 p, 12). 


CLAVARIELLA KARSTEN, 
17. Clavariella fragillima (HENNINGS) V. OVEREEM nov. comb. 


Synoniemen : 

Clavaria echinospora HENNINGS (Monsunia [ 1900 p. (43) 141). 

Clavaria fragillima (HENNINGS) Saccardo et Sydow (Sylloge Fungorum 
Vol. XVI 1902 p. 206). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium, Heft 1 Tafel | Fig. 3, a. 


Fruchtkôrper 3—9 cm hoch, sehr verschieden gestaltet, entweder dicht 
korallenartig verzweigt oder nur ein Hauptstamm, oben mit zahlreichen 
dünnen Seitenzweigen. Zwischen diesen extremen Formen gibt es alle 
Übergänge. Strunk dünn, stielfôrmig, als Hauptstamm sich verlängernd 
und nach oben allmählig dünner werdend oder dick und fleischig und oben 
in zwei oder mehr dicke Âste sich auflôsend und dort etwas breitgedrückt, 
oft deutlich wurzelnd, fleischfarbig oder gelbbraun, unten weiss oder schmu- 
tzig weiss, 1—4 cm lang, 2,5—6 mm dick; Wurzel bis 3,5 cm lang. 

Âste entweder dünn und kurz, einfach und auf verschiedener Hôhe 
aus den Hauptstamm entspringend oder wiederholt dichotom oder mehr 
unregelmässig verzweigt, die dicken unteren zuerst etwas divergierend, die 
oberen nach der Verzweigung sofort aufstrebend, rost-oder gelbbräunlich, 


276 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 





von den Sporen hell rost-oder ockergelb bereift; Zweigspitze im mer stumpf, 
verschmälert und einfach oder kurz gegabelt, auf sehr verschiedener Hôhe 
endigend, bisweilen purpurbraun; Aeste 1,5—2,5 mm dick, von sehr ver- 
schiedener Länge, bei den fast unverzweigten Exemplaren etwa 0,5 mm dick. 

Sporenstaub rostbraun, trocken mehr ockergelb. Fleisch weiss, später 
mehr schmutzig fleischfarbig. 

Basidien mit 4 grossen, aufgehenden Sterigmen, nach unten wenig ver- 
schmälert, farblos, 60—70 X6—7,5 w. 

Sporen eifôrmig, tief ockergelb, kurz und stumpf stachelig, mit farbloser, 
ausgezogener, stumpfer Anheftungsstelle, 9-11 X5—6 y. 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis, wiederholt gefunden. 


Die Art ist mit kleinen Exemplaren von Phaeoclavulina Zippelii (LÉV.) 
V. OVEREEM zu verwechseln, aber durch die kleineren, kurzstacheligen Sporen 
und 4-sporigen Basidien gut verschieden. Auch die Farbe des Sporenstaubs 
ist dort mehr dunkel zimtbraun. 

Sie wurde zuert von NYMAN im hiesigen botanischen Garten auf Erde 
cefunden und von HENNINGS beschrieben. Die Diagnose stimmt gut, nur sind 
seine Sporenmassen etwas kleiner (7—8 X4—5 «) und ist die Farbe nicht 
atroferrugineis”. Weil eine Clavaria echinospora schon von BERKELEY and 
BROOME von Ceylon beschrieben wurde, musste der Name geändert werden. 


PHAEOCLAVULINA Brinkmann, 
18. Phaeoclavulina Zippelii (LÉV.) V. OVEREEM nov. comb. 


Synoniemen : 

Clavaria Zippelii LÉVEILLÉ (Annales des Sciences naturelles, Bot, 
Série 3, Vol. II 1844 p, 215). 

Clavaria cyanocephala BERKELEY et CURTIS (Journal of the Linnean 
Society, Botany, Vol. X 1868 p. 338). 

Clavaria aeruginosa PATOUILLARD (Bulletin de la Société mycolog. de 
France, Vol, XIV 1898 p. 189). 

Clavaria Dozii LÉVEILLÉ (Annales des Sciences naturelles, Bot., Série 
3 Vol. II 1844 p. 216). 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium, Heft 1 Tafel 1, Fig, 1, a-c. 


Fruchtkôrper korallenartig verzweigt, gewühnlich 10—13 cm hoch, aber 
oft auch viel grüsser, einzeln oder einige dicht beisammen, bisweïlen riesige 
kompakte Massen bildend. 

Strunk gut ausgebildet, gleich dick oder nach oben breiter werdend, 
fleischig, hell rotbräunlich mit einem Stich ins blaue oder mehr schmutzig 
violettlichdunkelbraun, 6—15 mm dick, 3—6 cm lang, oben sich mehr oder 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pülzflora von Niederländisch Indien 277 











weniger unregelmässig in einige dicke Âste verzweigend. Aste sich wieder- 
holt dichotom oder mehr unregelmässig verzweigend, aufstrebend, nach oben 
immer mehr aufeinandergedrängt, bisweilen aber die ersten Verzweigungen 
wenig aufgehend und ziemlich lose, 1—5 mm dick, gleichfarbig wie der 
Strunk oder mehr hell rôtlichbraun oder bläulich. Zweigende stumpf, grauweiss 
oder etwas bläulich; beim vollständigen Auswachsen mit zwei oder mehr 
halbmondfürmigen, spitzen, prachtvoil blau gefärbten Zweigspitzen. Der 
ganze Fruchtkôrper, der Strunk ausgenommen, wird von den Sporen schliess- 
lich tief zimtbraun gefärbt. 

Fleisch fest, schmutzigweiss. 

Basidien mit 2 Sterigmen, in einen langen Stiel verschmälert, zuerst 
farblos, schliesslich mit ockergelbem, kôrnigen Inhalt, etwa 40 X5,5—9 w. 

Sterigmen gross, schief abstehend, aber nicht zangenfürmig, — 10 « lang. 

Sporen lang elliptisch, unten stark verschmälert und gekrümmt, hell 
ockergelb, dicht und lang stachelig, Anheftungsstelle glatt und farblos, 
10—15 X5—8 w. 

Die blauen Zweigspitzen sind bekleidet mit palissadenfôrmigen Zellen 
mit blauem oder grünblauem Inhalt, etwa 20 XX 45-—5,5 u. 

Auf Erde zwischen Humusteilen. 

Hortus bogoriensis, wiederholt in grossen Mengen gefunden; bei Tji- 
bodas, G. Gede, W, Java, im Urwalde, 2000 m (leg. W. DOCTERS VAN 
LEEUWEN, P. DAKKUS et A. BRUGGEMAN); Tijidadap, Tjibèbèr, Preanger, 
Java, 1000 m (leg. R. C. BAKHUIZEN V. D. BRINK, No. 1690); Holländisch 
Neu-Guinea, bei Prauwenbivak, Expedition 19201921, (leg. Dr. H, J. LAM, 
no. 1167); Boeroe (leg. L. J. TOXOPEUS). 


Eine häufige Art, in allen tropischen Gegenden verbreitet. Sie ist jetzt be- 
kannt vom malayischen Archipel, Neu-Guinea, Cuba Philippinen und den 
Bonininseln. 


Die Gattung Phaeoclavulina Wurde von BRINKMANN (Jahresberichte 
des Westfälischen Prov. Vereins für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Bot. Sect. 
1896—’97 p. 197) für 2-sporige Clavariella-Arten aufgestellt. Seine Phaeo- 
clavulina macrospora ist unserer Art sehr ähnlich. Auch hier handelt es 
sich um eine grosse, fleischige, reich verästelte Art mit zweisporigen Basi- 
dien und elliptischen, grossen, ockerfarbigen, rauhen Sporen. Nur sind die 
Sporen nicht stachelig sondern rauh. 

Zu der Gattung Phaeoclavulina gehürt weiter auch die Clavaria Broomei 
COTTON et WAKEFIELD (Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 
Vol. VI Part. Il 1919 p. 170) mit zweisporigen Basidien und grossen, 
elliptischen, stacheligen, ockerfarbigen Sporen. Durch die mehr orange 
Farbe und ganz anders gefärbten Zweigspitzen ist diese Art von Ph. Zippelit 
verschieden. Anatomisch gibt es zwischen beiden Arten keine Unterschiede. 
Die Art hat Phaeoclavulina Broomei (COTTON et WAKEFIELD) V. OVEREEM 
zu heissen. 

Obenstehende drei Arten bilden mit der Gattung Phaeoclavulina eine 
gute natürliche Gruppe. 


278 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 








Ph, Zippelii wurde zuerst vom Obergärtner ZIPPEL auf dem G. Gede, 
W. Java, gefunden und von LÉVEILLÉ beschrieben. 

Zippel gibt an, dass die Art unter dem einheimischen Namen “magan” 
(muss sein “majang” (Soend.) — Geschlechtshaaren) bekannt ist und von 
den Eingeborenen gegessen wird. Hier in Buitenzorg wird sie nicht kon- 
sumiert. Ich habe mich immer darüber gewundert, weil es sich um eine 
grosse, fleischige, häufige, jedenfalls gut essbare Art handelt, welche an 
unsere grossen europäischen Ziegenbärte erinnert. 

Clavaria Dozii LÉV. gehôürt auch wohl zu unserer Art: Die Beschreibung 
stimmt gut mit einem getrockneten Exemplar. Die Clavariella fragillima 
(HENN) V. OVEREEM kommt hier nicht in Betracht, denn LÉVEILLÉ be- 
schreibt den Sporenstaub als kastanienbraun, während er bei letztgenannter 
Art hell rostfarbig ist. 


Vielleicht ist auch die Clavaria echinospora BERKELEY et BROOME 
(Journ. of the Linnean Soc., Botany, Vol. XIV p. 75) von Ceylon identisch. 
Leider fehlen bei dieser Art Angaben über die Sporengrüsse. Die Autoren 
geben sie wohl für CZ. megalorhiza (5—6 X 2,5—4 u) und sagen, dass die 
Sporen von CI. echinospora grüsser sind, welche Angabe meine Vermutung 
verstärkt. Die Synonimie unserer Art mit Clavaria cyanocephala BERK. 
et CURT. und CZ. aeruginosa PAT. wurde schon durch VON HÜHNEL auîge- 
klärt (Fragmente zur Mykologie, VI. Mitteilung no. 192, Sitzungsberichte 
der kaiserl. Akad. d. Wissensch. in Wien, Mathem.-naturw. Klasse, Bd, CXVIII 
Abt. I 1909 und X. Mitteilung no. 469, ebend. Bd. CX IX Abt. I 1910). Von 
CL. cyanocephala hat er das Originalexemplar aus dem Kewherbarium ge- 
sehen. Weiter macht dieser Forscher auch Bemerkungen über die blaue 
Farbe, welche meiner Meinung nach unrichtig sind. Bei den Exemplaren, 
welche im hiesigen botanischen Garten wachsen, ist von einer blauen Farbe 
fast nie etwas zu sehen. Bisweilen sind die Exemplare hier und da etwas 
blaugrün, nicht nur ganz oben sondern auch an den dickeren Asten und 
am Strunk. Formen mit schônen, blauen Gipfeln habe ich hier unter den 
zahlreichen Exemplaren, welche mir zu Gesicht kamen, nie gefunden. 

Das Blau tritt erst an den Gipfeln vollständig ausgewaschsener Exemplare 
auf, wo die kurzen, zugespitzten Endzweige gut ausgebildet sind. Die Exem- 
plare in Buitenzorg sind nie ausgewachsen und ihre Gipfel daher auch nicht 
blau gefärbt. Nach VON HGHNEL sind die Exemplare mit blauen Spitzen 
nicht ausgewachsen, aber die Sache verhält sich gerade umgekehrt. 

Auch die Angabe von VON HGHNEL, dass die Sterigmen zangenfôrmig 
sind, ist unrichtig, Zwar sind sie etwas abgebogen, aber zangenfôrmig, Wie 
dies bei den Clavulina- Arten vorkommt, sind sie nicht. 


Clavulinopsis V. OVEREEM nov. gen. 


Am Schluss müchte ich hier eine eigentümliche, weisssporige Form be- 
sprechen, welche sich weder bei Clavulina, noch bei Clavaria unterbringen 
lässt. Mit Clavulina hat sie nichts zu tun, daher sind ihre Merkmale nur 
denjenigen von Clavaria gegenüberzustellen. Der Hymeniumbau und die 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Piülzflora von Niederländisch Indien 279 
Basidienform stimmen mit dem stichobasidialen Typus überein. Die Basidien 
zeigen ganz eigentümliche Merkmale; sie sind 1—4 sporig, sehr verschieden 
lang und die Sterigmen sind sehr verschieden entwickelt und oft in ver- 
schiedener Hôhe entspringend. Leider sind die zytologischen Verhältnisse noch 
nicht bekannt, sodass ihr Platz im System vorläufig zweifelhaft bleibt. Wird 
meine Vermutung über ihre stichobasidiale Natur bestätigt, so steht sie ganz 
vereinzelt da und lässt sich am besten den Canftharellales anreihen. 


19. Clavulinopsis sulcata V. OVEREEM nov. spec. 


Abbildung : 
Icones fungorum malayensium Heft 2 Tafel Il Fig. 3, a-b. 


Fruchtkôrper unverzweigt, bis 6 cm hoch, bündelartig wachsend, hell 
rot, etwas bandfürmig, hin und her gebogen, oft etwas unregelmässig, oben 
stumpf, -unten stielartig verschmälert, oben nur seicht, unten tief gefurcht, 
bis 6 mm breit, 





Abbildung 4. 


Basidien mit 1—4 Sterigmen, schlauchfürmig, unten nur schwach ver- 
schmälert, oben nicht angeschwollen, mit plasmatischem Inhalt, sehr ungleich 
lang, 45—75 X5,5—8 u. 


280 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





Sterigmen meistens 3, oft 4 oder 2, selten 1, sehr verschieden lang, 
kegelfürmig, an demselben Basidium oft sehr verschieden ausgebildet, bis- 
weilen auf etwas verschiedener Hühe entspringend, 8—20 x lang. 

Sporen kugelig, mit kegelfôrmig ausgezogener Anbheftungsstelle, glatt, 
farblos, mit plasmatischem Inhalt, ohne Oltropfen, 4—5,7 u i. D. 

Hymenium geschlossen, in basifugaler Richtung weiterwachsend, hier 
und da mit eingestreuten Sporen; reife Basidien nur wenig das Hymenium 
überragend. Die Basidien entspringen einem subhymenialen Gewebe, dessen 
Zellen deutliche Schnallen besitzen und senkrecht zur Oberfläche, also in 
der Richtung der Basidien verlaufen. Hymenium und Subhymenialgewebe 
zusammen etwa 150 « dick. Das innere Gewebe besteht aus längsver- 
laufenden, farblosen, septierten Hyphen, 4,5—9 HD: 

Auf Erde, Hortus bogoriensis, von mir gesammelt. 


Eine eigentümliche Art, welche mit anderen roten Arten nur ober- 
flächlich Uebereinstimmung zeigt. 

Am meisten bemerkenswert sind die Sterigmen. Wenn drei Sterigmen 
vorhanden sind, stehen sie entweder normal in einem Dreieck oder in einer 
Reihe oder eine entspringt etwas niedriger, Ihre verschiedene Länge am 
selben Basidium ist ebenfalls sehr merkwürdig und kann als primitives 
Merkmal betrachtet werden. Das Vorkommen eines einzigen Sterigmas habe 
ich noch bei keinem anderen Pilz beobachtet. 


Clavulinopsis sulcata V. OVEREEM nov. spec. 


Simplex, usque ad 6 cm alta, fasciculata, dilute rubra, fasciata, flexuosa, 
saepe subirregularia, ad apicem obtusa et subsulcata, ad basem pedicelli- 
forme attenuata et profunde sulcata, usque ad 6 mm lata. 

Basidiis 1—4-sterigmatibus, tubuliformibus, basi subattenuatis, valde 
inaequilonga, 45 —75 X5,5 —8 u. 

Sterigmatis plerumque 3, saepe 4 vel 2, raro 1, valde inaequilongis, 
(8—20 uw). 

Sporis globosis, hyalinis, eguttatis, 4—5,7 4 diam. 

Ad terram, Hortus bogoriensis (leg. C. VAN OVEREEM). 


Erklärung zu Abbildung 4: 
Basidien mit verschiedener Sterigmenzahl und Sporen 850/1. 


6. Ueber einige Rumphianische Arten. 


Die Pilzbeschreibungen bei RUMPHIUS (Herbarium Amboinense VI) 


sind mit wenigen Ausnahmen für die Wissenschaft ebensoviele Rätsel ge- 
blieben. Obschon man zugeben muss, dass die Beschreibungen bisweilen 
etwas rätselhaft sind, hat doch zum grôssten Teil die Tatsache, dass meistens 
ausländische Forscher, die den alt-holländischen Text nicht verstanden, sich 
bemüht haben, diese Arten zu erkennen, Schuld daran. Viele Arten sind 
trefflich charakterisiert, es kommt nur darauf an, jedes Wortrichtig zu verstehen. 





: 
“ 
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0 
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2 
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nn af D RO 0 1 7 vi" 





VAN OVEREEM: Beiträce zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 281 


Der bekannte Botaniker E. D, MERRILL auf den Philippinen hat eine 
Zusammenstellunge der Rumphianischen Arten gegeben (An Interpretation 
of RUMPHIUS’s Herbarium Amboinense, Manila 1917), in welcher er auch 
die Pilze aufgenommen hat. Es ist ihm aber nicht gelungen, ein einziges 
dieser Pilzprobleme einwandfrei zu lôsen; er beschränkt sich nur auf Mut- 
massungen über die Zugehôürigkeit. 

Zwei Tatsachen gibt es, welche eine Lüsung dieser Probleme sehr gut 
môglich machen. Erstens hat man zu bedenken, dass die von RUMPHIUS 
beschriebenen Arten selbstverständlich keine Seltenheiten, sondern häufig 
vorkommende Formen sind. Sie sind der einheimischen Bevôlkerung gut 
bekannt und jede hat irgendeinen Nutzen. Zweitens hat RUMPHIUS von jeder 
Art auch den einheimischen Namen gegeben und, weil auf diesen ziemlich 
isolierten Molukken-Inseln in Sitten und Gebräuchen fast nicht eingegriffen 
wurde, ist es müglich, an Hand der einheimischen Namen die richtige Art 
zu bekommen. 

Direktor HEYNE des hiesigen Museum für Okonomische Botanik hat 
sich seit vielen Jahren bemüht, die Arten an ihren ursprünglichen Fundorten 
an Hand der schon van RUMPHIUS angegebenen einheimischen Namen 
sammeln zu lassen. Dadurch ist es môüglich gewesen, die folgenden Rum- 
phianischen Râätsel zu lôsen, 

a. Fungus arborum tuberosus RUMPHIUS. 

,De Bolachtige Boom-Campernoelje”. 

(Het Amboinsch Kruid-boek, Sesde deel p. 130 Tab. LVI Fig. VI) 

Nach MERRILL (s.0. p. 61) handelt es sich hier wohl um ein Zycoperdon. 
Wenn man aber die holländische Beschreibung genau liest, bemerkt man, 
dass ganz etwas anderes vorliegt. Tatsächlich handelt es sich hier um 
Daldinia concentrica (BOLT). CES. et DE NOT. Dafür spricht aus der 
Beschreibung folgendes: ,het zijn ronde en langwerpige bollekens (es 
sind runde oder längliche Ballen); zonder steelen, digt tegen de schorsse 
der bomen zittende (ohne Stiele, auf der Rinde der Bäume dicht aufsit- 
zend); buiten effen, glad, purperagtig van couleur (aussen eben, glatt, 
purpurfarbig); als men ze wat hard strijkt, zoo werden ze zwart(!) gelijk 
ook doorgaans de binnenste substantie is (wenn man sie reibt, werden 
sie schwarz !) ebenso wie die innere Substanz); substantie eerst masief, 
droog, en bros (Substanz zuerst massiv (!), trocken und sprôde (!) ?); men 
vindt ze aan bomen (auf Baumrinde !)”. Die beigegebene Figur ist zwar 
ziemlich unverständlich, spricht aber viel mehr für Daldinia als für ein Lycoper- 
don. Die Art spielt in der einheimischen Heilkunde eine Rolle, welche auf 
der hygroskopischen Wirkung des Pilzgewebes beruht. Nach RUMPHIUS 
werden die Fruchtkôrper zerrieben und mit Essig zu einem Brei zubereitet. 
Diesser wird zum Auftrocknen von Ringwurm und anderen Geschwülsten 
(z. B. Banca babi) benützt. 

HEYNE (De Nuttige Planten van Nederlandsch-Indië, | Herdruk 1922 
p. 7) gibt an, dass auf der Insel Tidore die Asche gegen Kopigeschwiüre 


Ah St ganz typisch für Daldinia und wäre bei einem Lycoperdon nicht môüglich. 
2) Kann man doch niemals von einem Lycoperdon sagen. 


282 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 


gebraucht wird. Hieraus geht hervor, wie durch fast drei Jahrhunderte der 
eigentümliche Gebrauch derselbe geblieben ist. Auf Ternate heisst die Art 
,Bio-bio”, auf Tidore ,Tabobi”. Auf letztgenannter Insel wurde die Art 
unter diesem Namen in grosser Menge gesammelt. 

Daldinia concentrica ist eine der häufigsten tropischen Piste AuÎ 
Stimmen und faulendem Holz ist sie im ganzen Archipel in grossen Mengen 
zu finden und an Häufigkeit vielleicht der Xylaria Hypoxylon in Europa, 
wo sie zu den seltenen Erscheinungen gehôürt, gleich zu stellen. 

Ihre Benützung in der einheimischen Heilkunde steht nicht einzeln da. 
Von vielen anderen Vertretern der Xylariaceae ist etwas ähnliches bekannt. 

Ich môüchte hier noch auf eine Eigentümlichkeit der Art hinweisen, 
welche zur Aufstellung einer neuen Art, Daldinia Asphaltum (LINK et FR.) 
SACC. Veranlassung gab. Bisweilen sind die Exemplare mit einer Lackkruste 
überdeckt; besonders wenn sie in Alkohol gelegen sind, werden sie 
olänzend schwarz. Vielleicht werden bei diesem Prozess harzartige Stoffe 
ausgezogen, welche sich als eine Kruste ansetzen. Dies dürîfte bei Exem- 
plaren der Fall gewesen sein, welche durch LEE von den Philippinen an 
LLOYD zugeschickt worden sind. Es ist also überflüssig den Namen 
D. Asphaltum aufrecht zu halten, wie LLOYD dies getan hat (Mycological 
Notes No. 66 1922 p. 1133). 

Fundorte: Sabang, N. Sumatra (leg. C. et D. VAN OVEREEM- DE HAAS); 
Insel Sebesie, zwischen Java und Sumatra (leg. W. DOCTERS VAN LFEUWEN); 
Hortus bogoriensis; Insel Edam und Klein Kombuis, N. W. Küste von Java 
(leg. W. DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN); Ternate und Halmaheira, Molukken 
(leg. BEGUIN); Pasir Waringin, Res. Bantam, Java (leg. A. STEINMANN). 

b. Crepitus Lupi RUMPHIUS. 

De regte Crepitus lupi of Bovis. 

(Het Amboinsch Kruid-boek, Sesde deel p. 131). 

Zweifelsohne handelt es sich hier um ein Lycoperdon ; schon von HASSKARE 
(Neuer Schlüssel zu RUMPH’s Herbarium amboinense, Abhandi. der Naturf. 
Gesellschaft in Halle Bd. IX 1866 p. 316) angegeben. Auch MERRILL (5.0. 
p. 60) hat sich dieser Meinung angeschlossen. In der Beschreibung gibt es 
einige Angaben, welche darauf hinweisen, dass RUMPHIUS hier das Lycoperdon 
Bovista L, gemeint hat. Dafür spricht folgendes: ,zommige als een vuist, 
zommige als een kinderhoofd” (von der Grüsse einer Faust bis eines Kinder- 
kopfs, also handelt es sich um eine grosse Lycoperdon-Art und, weil er als 
Fundorte hinzufügt Wiesen und offene Stellen in den Bergen, kommt nur 
L. Bovista in Betracht). 

Obschon die Art nicht gerade häufig vorkommt, ist sie doch oft auf 
Java gefunden worden und zwar immer auf Wiesen. 

In der einheimischen Heilkunde spielt sie eine ähnliche Rolle wie Da/dinia 
concentriea. Aus dem reifen inneren Gewebe wird mit Essig eine Salbe 
bereitet und zum Aufschmieren auf Geschwülsten und auf geschwollenen 
Kürperteilen gebraucht, wo es eine wasserentziehende Wirkung hat. Auch 
wird es gegen Syphilis verwendet (KLOPPENBURG, J. Indische Planten en 
haar geneeskracht, Semarang 1909 p. 177). 


VAN OVEREEM: Beitrüge zur Piülzflora von Niederländisch Indien 283 








Auf Java heisst die Art ,djamoer impês”’ (djamoer — Pilz; impês — Blase 
eines Büffels (jav.), aber dieser Name wird auch für verwandte Lycoperdon- 
Arten gebraucht. Auf Soela (Molukkeninseln) wird sie nach RUMPHIUS als 
»fata goma” (— Mistkoncretionen) bezeichnet. 

c. Boletus moschocaryanus RUMPHIUS. 

(Het Amboinsch Kruid-boek, Sesde deel p. 124). 

Nach MERRILL (s. 0. p. 60) handelt es sich hier wohl um einen Lentinus. 
Die Beschreibung von RUMPHIUS spricht aber gar nicht dafür. Auch wächst 
die Art nicht, wie MERRILL angibt, auf Myristica-Stämmen, sondern wird 
von den Eiageborenen auf Myristica-Fruchtschalen gezüchtet, Tatsächlich 
handelt es sich hier um Vo/varia volvacea (BULL.) FR, Die Art war in den 
Sammlungen des Museums für Okonomische Botanik vertreten und wurde 
auf Ambon gesammelt. Für weitere Einzelheiten siehe bei Vo/varia volvacea. 

d. Boletus saguarius RUMPHIUS. 

(Het Amboinsch Kruid-boek, Sesde deel p. 124) 

Wächst nicht, wie MERRILL (s.0. p. 60) angibt, auf faulender Rinde der 
Sagopalmen, sondern auf dem faulenden Markgewebe, wo die Stärke aus- 
vezogen worden ist. Auch hier handelt es sich um Vo/varia volvacea (BULL.) 
FR. Sie wurde neuerdings auf Halmahera unter dem einheimischen Namen 
,kala tèmoko”’ (schon von RUMPHIUS angegeben) eingesammelt. MERRILL 
hat sie aus der Beschreibung als eine Agaricacee erkannt. Für weitere 
Einzelheiten siehe bei Vo/varia volvacea. 


7. Ueber Geotrichum Zingiberis saccharati V. OVEREEM n1. sp. 


Auf Ingwerstücken, welche etwas lang aufbewahrt waren, bildete sich 
schliesslich eine Pilzvegetation, in welcher sofort zwei Arten zu unterscheiden 
waren. Zum Teil waren die Stücke mit grünen gestielten Küpfchen bedeckt, 
welche als Aspergillus glaucus (L.) LINK, eine Art, welche bis jetzt in der 
Pilzliteratur von Niederländisch Indien nicht bekannt war, bestimmt wurden. 
Während in Europa bei Verschimmelung der verschiedensten Sachen diese 
Art auftritt, ist es in den Tropen mehr À. flavus LINK, welcher man begegnet. 

Die zweite Art war ein Geotrichum, welches sich besonders schôn an 
den Schnittflächen entwickelte. Bis jetzt sind keine Geofrichum-Arten für 
das Gebiet bekannt. Von den wenigen europäischen Arten war unsere Art 
deutlich verschieden. 

Die Beschreibung ist folgende : 

Rasen bis 1,5 mm ïi. D., flach polsterfürmig, schmutzigweiss, bis 
crêmeweiss, rund, zerstreut, wenig zusammenfliessend, direkt auf den Ing- 
werstücken (nicht auf den Zuckerkristallen). 

Konidienträger farblos, buchtig, dicht aufeinander, mit protoplasmati- 
schem Inhalt, seitlich dem septierten Myzell entspringend, meistens unseptiert, 
an ihren oberen Enden die Konidien in einer Kette tragend, bisweilen 
dichotom verzweigt, sehr verschieden lang (im Durchschnitt 53—60 u) und 
1,7—2,3 u breit. Am oberen Ende entstehen die Septen zuerst in grossen 
Distanzen, dann werden zwischen diesen wieder neue gebildet, sodass 


284 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





schliesslich kubische Zellen entstehen. Diese runden sich an den Ecken 
etwas ab, bleiben aber noch lang in einer Kette beisammen. 

Myzell stark septiert, farblos, Zellen oft tonnenfôürmig aufgeblasen, 
bis 7 uw breit. 

Konidien kubisch mit abgerundeten Ecken, bisweilen entweder in der 
Länge oder Breite etwas prismatisch, 2,3—3,5 « i. D., farblos. 

Im Habitus dem G. candidum LINK ähnlich, aber die Konidien sind 
hier überwiegend rein kubisch und viel kleiner. G. cinereum BON. hat 
ganz andere Träger. 


Geotrichum Zingiberis saccharati V. OVEREEM n. sp. 


Acervuli usque 15 mm diam., plane pulvinati, sordide albi, dispersi, 
rotundati. 

Conidiophorae sine colore, crebrae, e mycelio septato lateraliter 
enascentes, non septatae, apice conidia in catenam disposita formantes, 
50—66 X 1,7—2,3 u. 

Conidia cuboidea, rotundato-angulata, sine colore, 2,3—3,5 u diam. 

In Zingiberi saccharato, Buitenzorg, leg. C. VAN OVEREEM. 


8. Ueber Clasterosporium Glomerae v. OVEREEM nov. spec. 


Auf Glomera-Arten (Orchidaceae) von Neu Guinea gibt es nicht selten 
auf Stengeln und Blättern eine feine, wenig dichte Haarbildung, welche mit 
dem unbewaffneten Auge noch deutlich zu sehen ist. Von Dr. J.]. SMITH 
wurde ich auf diese Erscheinung aufmerksam gemacht, denn nach ihm handelte 
es sich hier wahrscheinlich um einen Pilz, welche Vermutung ich bestätigen 
konnte. Das Material wurde mir von Dr. SMITH mit grosser Liebenswürdigkeit 
zur Verfügung gestellt. Nach ihm sind diese Pilzrasen in einigen Fällen von 
Ochideenforschern als Haarbildungen beschrieben worden. 

Eigentümlich ist, wie die Astchen und Blätter bisweilen gänzlich vom Pilz 
befallen sind, sodass dieser sich tatsächlich als eine regelmässige Haarbildung 
zeigt. Bei 50-facher Vergrüsserung tritt aber die Pilznatur deutlich zur Tage. 

Ich konnte das Material untersuchen an Exemplaren von Glomera subuli- 
formis J].]. SMITH, von VON RÔMER auf der Neu Guinea-Expedition 1909 
an der Nordrivier gesammelt und an G{. uniflora J. J. SMITH, im Jahre 1907 
von G. VERSTEEG gefunden. Dies weist schon darauîf hin, dass der Pilz 
auf Glomera-Arten eine häufige Erscheinung ist. 

Die Beschreibung ist folgende: 

Myzel wenig entwickelt, hellbraun, septiert, typisch rechtwinkelig ver- 
zweigt; Hyphen 2,3—7,5 u breit. 

Konidien dunkel ockerbraun, undurchsichtig, starr, schwach oder stark 
cekrümmt, nach oben und unten verschmälert, oben abgerundet, unten gleich- 
mässig in einen kurzen Stiel übergehend, aus mehr oder weniger regelmässigen 
kubischen Zellen zusammengesetzt, an den Querwänden schwach eingeschnürt, 
etwa 15 bis 18-zellig, aussen von kleinen, abgerundeten, dicht stehenden, 
etwa 1 « breiten Warzen rauh, 100—150 (—200) X 7,5—9,5 y. 


_ VAN OVEREEM: Beitrüge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 285 











Abbildung 5: a, b, d. 

Stiel 1-3-zellig, glattwandig, in der Mitte stark verschmälert, 15—30 u lang. 
Bisweilen entstehen die Konidien als Seitenzweige aus konidienähnlichen 
Bildungen, welche glattwandig und etwas heller gefärbt und viel läng'er und 
breiter (bis 16 u) als die Konidien sind. 

Von Orchideen wurde bis jetzt keine C/asterosporium-Art beschrieben. 


Clasterosporium Glomerae v. OVEREEM nov. spec. 

Mycelio pallide brunneo, septato, typice rectangulariter ramoso ; hyphae 
2,3—7,5 u latae. 

Conidia obscure ochraceo-brunnea, opaca, rigida, magis minusve curvata 
utrinque attenuata, 14—18 septata, loculis cubiformibus, ad septa leniter 
constricta, apice rotundata, deorsum in stipitem brevem attenuata, verrucosa 
100—150 (-200) X 7,5—9,5 w. 

Verrucae minimae, 1 « latae, hemiglobosae. 

Pedicellum breve, 1—3 loculatum, glabrum, 15—30 « longum, medio 
attenuatum. 

In foliis et ramis vivis Glomerae subuliformis J.]. SMITH, (leg. VON RÜMER) 
et Glomerae uniflorae J.J]. SMITH (leg. G. VERSTEEG) Nova Guinea hollandiae. 


286 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





Erklärung zu Abbildung 5: 


Zweigstück mit dem Pilz, stark vergrüssert. 
Konidien, 850/1, 
Myzel, 850/1. 


LES 


Ab bildung 5: c. 





Zweig mit Blättern von Glomera subuliformis].]. SMITH, vom Pilz befallen. 


9. Ueber Spegazzinia 
ornata SACC. 


Die Gattung Spegaz- 
zinia mit der Grun- 
dart Sp. ornata Wurde 
im Jahre 1880 von 
SACCARDO begründet 
und bildet eine der 
schlimmsten  Mystifi- 
cationen. Später sind 
dann einige andere 
Arten zu dieser Gat- 
tung gebracht worden, 
ohne dass sie mit dem 
Typus genügend über- 
einstimmen, 

Sp. ornata scheint 
mir eine seltene Art. 
In der Literatur habe 
ich  nichts Näheres 
über ihre Verbreitung 
finden künnen. Viel- 
leicht ist sie in tropis- 
chen Gegenden mehr 
verbreitet, denn  oft 
habe ich ihre typischen 
Konidien in meinen 
Präparaten vereinzelt 
gefunden. Schliesslich 
entdeckte ich sie auf 
einer alten Areca- 
Blatischeide, welche in 
der Nähe von Buiten- 
zorg gefunden worden 
war. |) 


1) Die Art wurde auch von PRoF. Dr. O. PENZIG in Buitenzorg auf faulendem Holz 


gefunden, aber in der Literatur wird nur der Namen erwähnt (PENZIG, O.et SACCARDO, 
P. A., Diagnoses fungorum novorum in insula Java collectorum, Ser. Il, Malpighia Vol. 


XV 1901, p. 260), 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Piülzflora von Niederländisch Indien 287 
Ihre typischen Konidien schliessen jede Verwechselung aus und auch 
die Dimensionen stimmen gut. Die Entstehung der Konidien nach SACCARDO 
aber ist Fantasie (seine eigenen Figuren wiedersprechen der Beschreibung 
davon!); also ist die Gattungs-und Grundartdiagnose falsch. Nach SACCARDO 
entstehen die glattwandigen kreuzfürmigen Konidien auf den Sterigmen 
(— Stacheln) von vierzelligen langgestielten Trägern. Diese Stacheln stehen 
aber so dicht, dass für die etwa die gleichen Dimensionen als die Träger 
besitzenden Konidien kein Platz überbleibt. Das ist sofort aus der beigefügten 
Figur zu sehen, während auch die Angabe von der Länge der Sterigmen 
(30 «) falsch sein muss, im Verhältnis zur Stielbreite künnen sie hüchstens 
8 u lang sein. Folgt man der Gattungsdiagnose von SACCARDO, s0 kôünnten 
die übrigen Arten unmüglich in dieser Gattung verbleiben, weil ihre Konidien 
nicht auf Trägern, sondern direkt auf dem Basalgewebe entstehen. Weil 
dies nun tatsächlich auch bei der Saccardo’schen Art der Fall ist, hat man 
die Gattungsdiagnose zu ändern. 


Spegazzinia SACC. emend. VAN OVEREEM. 

Sporodochia convexa; densiuscula, atra. 

Stroma basale rotundum, planum, brunneum. 

Conidia sarciniformia, glabra vel aculeata, brunnea, dense fasciculata, 
radiata, longitudine stipitis valde variabilia. 


im folgenden gebe ich von der Grundart eine Neubeschreibung. 

Sporodochien bis 1 mm i. D. schwarz oder braunschwarz, rund oder 
mehr unregelmässig gestaltet, bisweilen zusammenfliessend, polsterfürmig, 
ziemlich derb. 

Basalstroma abgeplattet, rund, aus verflochtenen, braunwandigen, sep- 
tierten Hyphen zusammengesetzt. 

Konidien ausserordentlich variabel, immer gestielt, aber auch die Stiel- 
länge sehr wechselnd, bei reifen Konidien von 22 bis 130 w. Die Stiele 
entspringen dem Basalstroma, sind zuerst kurz papillenfürmig und farblos; 
dann schwillt das obere Ende an und bildet eine farblose Zelle, in welcher 
eine Querwand gebildet wird. Jetzt wird die Zelle mehr oder weniger 
scheibenfôrmig, es entstehen die Längswände, wodurch die Konidie vier- 
zellig wird, Von diesem Stadium ab ist die Entwicklung verschieden. Ent- 
weder vergrüssert sich die Konidie, färbt sich braun und bleibt glatt, oder 
die Zellen runden sich stark ab und bilden an ihrer Oberfläche verschieden 
lange Stacheln, oder es entstehen zuerst mehrere radiäre Wände und die 
Konidie wird scheibenfürmig und schôün regelmässig achtzellig. In allen 
Fallen schnüren die Konidien sich bei den Querwänden etwas ein und so 
entstehen kreuzfôrmige Gebilde. Die Braunfärbung tritt erst ein, wenn das 
Bauprinzip der jungen Konidie fertig ist. Während der weiteren Entwick- 
lung wächst die Anhaftungspapille stielfôrmig zu sehr verschiedener Länge 
aus und färbt sich braun. Ihr Durchmesser ist 2—3 «, ihre Wand ist glatt, 
aber bisweilen von unregelmässigen, braunen Stücken rauh. 

Also gibt es schliesslich drei Arten von Konidien, zwischen welchen 
alle Übergänge existieren. 





288 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 











Abbiidung 6. 


1. Regelmässig kreuzfürmig, vierzellig, bei den Querwänden etwas ein- 
geschnürt, braun, glatt, bisweilen aber hier und da mit sehr kurzen 
Stacheln (Übergangsform nach 3), immer sehr kurz gestielt. An den 
abgefallenen Konidien ist die breite (!) farblose Anhaîftungsstelle oft 
deutlich zu sehen (!), 11—17 x i. D. 

2. Achtzellig, scheibenfürmig, schün paketfürmig geordnet, bisweilen sechs- 
zellig (Übergang nach 1) auch meistens kurz gestielt, braun, glatt 
oder jede Zelle mit 1 oder 2 Reihen sehr kurzer Stacheln, Aussenwand 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 289 





jeder Zelle in der Mitte mehr oder weniger tief ausgebuchtet, bei den 
Querwänden eingeschnürt, etwa 18 X24 w. 

Bauprinzip wie 1, aber die Zellen aufgeblasen kugelfürmig, dicht mit 
sehr verschieden langen Stacheln bedeckt, braun, ohne Stachein 11— 
17 uw i. D.; mit langen, buchtigen glatten oder rauhen, braunen Stielen. 
Oft sind diese Pakete doppelt, also zwei mal 4 Zellen ober einander, 
oder ganz unregelmässig geordnet. Die Stacheln sind bis 6 « lang, 
braun oder fast farblos, 


Erklärung zu Abbildung 6: 
Die verschiedenen Konidienarten auf dem Basalstroma, 850/1. 


200 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL: V, LIVR. 4. 








NAMENVERZEICHNIS. 


Aspergillus flavus LINK. 


glancus (L.) LINK 


Auriculariales . . 
Baccaurea javanica (BL.) MüLL. ARG. 
Boletus moschocaryanus RUMPH. 


» 


» 


» 


saguarius RUMPH. 
Calocera 


major HOLTERMANN 
odorata HOLTERMANN 


Chondromyces aurantiacus (BERK. et CURT.) THAXT : 


crocatus. 


eau Glomerae V. O. 
Clavaria VAILLANT 


acuta FR. 

aeruginosa PAT. 

alcicornis LÉV. 

alcicornis ZOLL. et MOR. 
amethystina ZOLL. 
amethystina FR. 

amoena ZOLL. et MOR. 
biformis ATK. 

Braunii HENN. 

Broomei COTT. et WAKEF. 
cardinalis BOUD. et PAT. 
ceranoides PERS. 
corniculata FR. 

corniculata SCHAFF 
corniculata ZOLL. et MOR. 
coronata ZIPPEL 

cristata FR. 

cristatula HENN. et NYM. 
cyanocephala BERK. et CURT. 
Cyatheae HENN. 
depokensis V. O. 

Dozii LÉV. 

echinospora BERK. “ BR. 
echinospora HENN. 
epichnoa . 

falcata FR. 

fasciculata PERS. 
filiformis HENN. et NVM. 


fragillima (HENN.) SACC. et SYD. 


fragilis HOLMSKJOLD 
fumosa FR. 


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VAN OVEREEM: Beitrüäge zur Pülzflora von Niederländisch Indien 291 


Clavaria fumosa PERS. . 


furcata HENN. et NYM. . 


fusco-lilaeina BERK. 
fusiformis FR. . 
fusiformis SOW. 


helicoides PAT. et DEM. 


helvola PERS. 

implexa LÉV. 
inaequalis FR. . 
incarnata WEINM. 
laeta BERK. et BR. 
laeticolor BERK. et BR. 
Leveillei SACC. 


- Jilacina FR. 


lilacina JUNGH. 
luteo-ochracea CAV. 
luteo-tenerrima V. ©. 


megalorhiza BERK. et BR. 


miltina BERK. 
muscoides L. 
Nymaniana HENN. . 
persimilis COTT. 


phoenicea ZOLL. et MOR. 


pistillaris 

purpurea FR. 
purpurea SCHAFF. 
rosacea HENN. 

rosea FR. 
sanguineo-acuta V. O. 
Schaefferi SACC. 
spiralis JUNGH. 
striata PERS. 


strigosa HENN. et NYM.. 
subaurantiaca HENN. et NYM. 


subfistulosa HENN. . 
subtilis 

tasmanica BERK. 
turgida LÉV. 
umbrina LÉV. . 
vermicularis FR. 
vermiculata MICH. 
vermiculata SCOP. 
violacea PETCH 
Zippelii LÉV. 
Zollingeri LÉV. 


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292 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





Seite 

Clavariaceae . à ; ; : : : ; ; É À . 254 
Clavariella KARSTEN  . À À L é 2551256420 
= fragillima (HENN.) V. G:. 3 : ; : 259, 260, 275, ,218 
Clavulina SCHRÔTER : ; à : Ë : : . 255;:250, 28 
3 cinerea  . : ] ’ À à ; : 3 . 253 

,, cristal ss : ; : ; 4 - ; S … (293 

3 fusco-lilacina (BE RK.) 10.00, : : À -(260, 207 

k. grisea : s à ; 1 , + . 20 

à Leveillei (SACC.) V. O. . . : ; s s : 259, 2609 

k rugOSa  . 3 : : : 4 : ; : Mr: | 

7 umbrina (LÉV.) V. O. 4 sl 4 . 259,260, 24 
Clavulinopsis V. O. ; À s . : , ; ::250,; 218 
és sulcata V. O. ù ; : : 3 : 255; 250, 21 
Crepitus Lupi RUMPH. , : : : : ï . 282 
Cryptonectriella  . é . L LI, 0 
Dacryomycetales . à . ; : " : L - 298 
Daldinia Asphallum (LINK “ FR.) SACC. , ; s : . 262 
&, concentrica,(BOLT.) CES. et DEANOT. : É . 28 
Euclavaria . ‘ ; à 6 . 255 
Fungus arborum Te RUMPH. : : À À x L . 281 
Geoglossum hirsutum . È , ; , P , . 249 
: Walteri BERK. . : ; : : ; : : . 249 
Geotrichum . , £ : ; ; 4 N ; : . 288 
: candidum LINK . : ) : ; : { . 284 

| cinereum BON. . ; : : 5 ; 4 . 284 

À Zingiberis saccharati V. O. ; 4 Ë . 283 
Glomera subuliformis J. J. SMITH, : ; 6 . 284 
É uniflora J. J, SMITH. : ; £ . 284 
Guepinia | | Te . 253 
LE odorata (HOLTERM.) V. O. : ; À 3 . 233 
Holocoryne FR. . , , . 2 ; , . 256 
Lachnocladium , | ; : : à . - : . 2 
Lentinus : : . £ È ; 209 
Lycoperdon . Ù , + , . 281, 282 
- Boxista L:. : * $ $ 3 288 
Nectriella biparasitica (VON HÔHNEL) WEESE À ; | . 249 
: (Cryptonectriella) Geoglossi V. O. ù . 249 
Peckiella Geoglossi (ELL. et EVERH.) SACC. : s . 249 
Phaeoclavulina BRINKM. 4 : 256;:276, 0 
P Broomei (COTT. WAKEF.) V. O. : À . 2 

ÿ macrospora BRINKM. . ; k : | : … 2 

5 Zippelii (LÉV.) v. O. . | à j : 200, 279 
Physalospora NIESSL  . : : : . 252 
F Baccaureae V.O. . à y à , j 1 . où 


Ramaria HOLMSKJOLD . | Ë : ‘ ; . 256 


VAN OVEREEM: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Niederländisch Indien 293 


Spegazzinia ; 
F ornata SACC. 

Syncoryne FR. 

Tremellales 

Uredinales 

Ustilaginales . ; ; 


Volvaria volvacea (BULL.) FR. 


Xylaria Hypoxylon. 
Zamia muricata 





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CONTRIBUTIONS A L’' ÉTUDE DE LA FLORE 
DES INDES NÉERLANDAISES. 


Sous ce titre général seront publiées des études de familles végétales 
ayant des représentants aux Indes Néerlandaises. Le moment n'est guère 
favorable, il est vrai, pour commencer la publication d’une Flore de Archipel 
Malais; aussi ces études devront autant que possible se limiter au strict 
nécessaire et ne comporter que les indications directement indispensables 
pour qu'elles puissent être utilisées avec fruit. 

Elle comprendront des descriptions (avec figures explicatives) des 
espèces nouvelles ou insuffisamment connues, si toutefois le matériel d'étude 
est suffisant; elles comprendront ensuite des compléments aux descriptions 
déjà existantes, des notes et des explications chaque fois que cela sera 
jugé nécessaire; puis des tabelles de détermination et des indications 
concernant la bibliographie et les stations où les plantes ont été récoltées. 

Par contre, quand s'agira d’espèces bien décrites on se contentera de 
renvoyer aux ouvrages déjà existants, et on évitera, pour les espèces très 
ubiquistes de donner de longues listes de localités; enfin les noms indi- 
oènes si souvent douteux et contradictoires se limiteront au minimum 
indispensable. 

Les familles se succéderont dans un ordere parfaitement arbitraire et 
paraîtront au fur et à mesure, dès que leur étude sera achevée. Cependant 
pour répondre à des besoins de nature purement pratique, on entreprendra 
en premier lieu les familles qui ont quelque importance économique. 


JL SMITÉ. 


DIE LOGANIACEEN UND BUDDLEIACEEN 
NIEDERLANDISCH-INDIENS. 


von 


Dr. HERMANN CAMMERLOHER (Buitenzorg). 


Die vorliegende Bearbeitung wurde auf Grund des im Buitenzorger 
Herbars vorhandenen Loganiaceen- und Buddleiaceen- Materials gemacht und 
willeinen Überblick über die bisher aus Niederländisch-Indien bekannt gewor- 
denen Vertreter dieser Familien geben. Durch die aufgestellten Gattungs- und 
Art- Bestimmungsschlüssel soll die Bestimmung der Arten ermôglicht werden. 

Die Synonyma wurden nicht neuerlich aus der Literatur übernommen, 
sondern es wurde bei jeder Art die Literatur angegeben, in der die Origi- 
naldiagnose enthalten ist und womôglich die letzte, in der die betreffende 


© 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niecderländisch Indiens 295 


Art eingehend behandelt wurde und aus der die Synonyma zu ersehen sind, 
Decken sich diese nicht mit meiner Ansicht oder sind neue hinzuzufügen, 
so wurde dies vermerkt. 


Das am Schlusse aufgestellte Literaturverzeichnis enthält die verwendeten 


allgemeinen, zusamenfassenden Werke und wichtigere Einzelarbeiten aus den 
beiden Familien. 

Die beigegebenen Textabbildungen wurden von dem inländischen Zeichner 
DARMOSOEDIRO angefertigt. 


1a 
1b 
24 
2b 
3a 


3b 
4a 
äb 
5a 
5b 


6a 
6b 
7a 
7b 


8a 
8b 
9a 
9b 
10a 
10b 
11a 


11b 


Ind. 


LOGANIACEZAE, 
Bestimmungsschlüssel der Gattungen. 


Frucht eine Kapsel. LE : 
Frucht eine Beere oder nee 3 
Kronlappen in der Knospenlage gedreht oder tee 
Kronlappen in der Knospenlage klappig 
Griffel an der Spitze nie zWweiteilig ; Fruchiknoteniche fe 
zahireichen Samen. . . ne GelserTit 
Griffel einfach, Samen in einer Pub eingebettet jé Geniostoma. 
Aussenkelch vorhanden, wenn auch wenig entwickelt VI. Norrisia. 
Aussenkelch fehlend ! RATES E VA HTEÉ 
Kapsel mit kupulaartigem Péealieil RARE [NSpipelia. 
Kapsel ohne kupulaartigem Basalteil; Griffel an de cr Het oder 
weniger deutlich zweischenklich oder zwei freie Griffel 
Fruchtknoten halbunterständig, Blüten 5zählig . . IV. Mifreola. 
Fruchtknoten oberständig, Blüten 4zählig . . . V. Mifrasacme. 
Kronlappen in der Knospenlage klappig ne 
Kronlappen in der Knospenlage rechts gedreht, 
Blüten fünfzählig. . . . NE LE ARIE aerOet. 
Frucht eine Beere; ohne aient 
Frucht eine rare Re Lite SN er 
PER 9 -DHELVIE NE 2, 0 a ue eo. à VII. SPTUCRIIOS: 
Blätter fiedernervig . : PRE ge A Ar ES EE 
Antheren ee nt hedrete res ce NII GOrdrerta 
Antheren frei, zweifächerig . . IX, Pseudogardneria. 
Blumenkrone trichterfôrmig, ohne Schuppen im 


SÉRIE, A 2 COHIMOUEE, 
Blumenkrone in eu res . Schuppen 
HSE NIET Read mac us à . M-CrUTeT IN AVENT. 


L GELSEMIUM JUSS. 


Gen. 150; E. &P. IV/2, 28. !) 


& © -J D 


10 


Gelsemium elegans BENTH. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I, 453; MIQ. FI. Ned. 


359; 


1) E. & P. — ENGLER und PRANTL; Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 


296 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 


Sumatra: Midd. Habinsaran bei Parsoboeran (LORZING no. 7859, 
Sh. + 1070 m), Notiz auf dieser Etikette: ,elders nog op één plaats nabi] 
Nassan (O.v. Parsoboeran) gezien.” 

Nach MIQUEL a.a. O. auf Sumatra (PRAETORIUS) gefunden. 


IL GENIOSTOMA FORST. 
Char. gen. t. 12; SOLEREDER in E. &P. IV/2, 31; VALETON in Bull 
Inst. bot. Buitenzorg XII, (1902). 


Schlüssel zur Bestimmung der Arten. 


la Konnektiv mit einem deutlichen Fortsatz an der Spitze. . . . . 2 
1b Konnektiv am Gipfel stumpf oder mit sehr kurzem Fortsatz . 4 
2a Konñnektivfortsatz klein .,; . ‘adsu#me1e.16h0.msstt SAC GORE 
2b Konnektivfortsatz so lang oder mehr als halb so lang als die 
ATETES 0e: sourd most(3eu G, Miquelin rime 


3a Antheren und Dent behaart, Blätter lanzettfôrmig . 
nan RE US ne nee 1. G. arboreum 0. K. 
3b Antheren und Filamente unbehaart, Blätter elliptisch, Blattrand 


DitagemeNt ns aptes © ss manu 2: G,cdcutifoliune FliERNe 
4a Antheren 1,4 mm lang, Nbr fast sitzend, Blätter gross, länglich- 
EOGOAL.. 4 105, G:'umolaccantunz(NeAE 
4b Antheren 0,84 mm Le Ge As séalirut 5 


5a Blätter länglich, in eine schlanke Spitze ausgehend, Sat oi 
Blumenkronrôhre innen behaart . 6, G. oblongifolium K. & V. 
5b Blätter elliptisch oder lanzettlich, Schlund und Blumenkronrühre 
innen nackt.- . . . ulosslil anctioecneG.ccclebie AR 


1. Geniostoma arboreum O. K. Rev. gen. plant. (1891), 425; G. 
haemospermum STEUD. Nomencl. (1840). 669; VALETON in Bull. Inst. bot. 
Buitenzorg XII, 1902, 21; KOORDERS & VALETON Bijdr. 9, 1903, 56; 
Haemospermum arboreum BL. Bijdr. 1826. 

Das Hauptverbreitungsgebiet ist West-Java. 

Java: Res. Bantam: G. Poelasan (KOORDERS no. 6177 , Sh. 1375 m); 
Res. Batavia: Nirmala (BACKER no. 10759, Sh. 1200 m); Salak, G. Gadijah 
(BAKHUIZEN V. D. BRINK no. 4155, Sh. 2200 m);, Res. Preanger: Gede, 
Tjibodas, Tjibeureum, Sh. 1500—2000 m (HALLIER n. 420, BOERLAGE, 
VALETON, BURK, BACKER n. 13549, 22271, KOORDERS n. 12667 B, 31932, 
31950$, 32013/, 31710, SAPIN); Ostabhang Sh. 1440—1750 m (BACKER 
n. 3257, 3207); Südabhang Sh. 1600 -2000 m (BACKER n. 3361, 14662); 
ober Salabintana (BAKHUIZEN V. D. BRINK n. 2785); ober Kandang Badak, 
Sattel Gede-Pangerango, Sh. 2450 — 2600 m (BACKER n. 31289, 31373, 
KOORDERS n. 15617); Gegerbintang Sh. 1500 m (DEN BERGER n, 593); 
Passir Datar, Fuss des Pangerango, Haltestelle Tijisaat (BAKHUIZEN V. D, 
BRINK n. 2099, Sh. 1000 m); Pangerango (KUHL und V. HASSELT n. . .., 
KOORDERS n. 15634 $, Sh. 1800 m, 31776, Sh. 2600 m, 25854 5); Bandoeng, 
G. Oeroeg (SMITH und RANT n. 362, Sh. 2000 m); Weg Kendeng-Rioeng 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 297 
Goenoeng Sh. 1700 m, (SMITH und RANT n. 250, 409); Goenoeng Patoeha, 
Nordabhang, Sh. 1600 m (LORZING n. 1388); Garoet (BURCK) ; Goenoeng 
Telaga Bodas ober Pangentjongan, Sh. 1400 m (BACKER n. 31888, KOORDERS 
n. 14098 5); G. Goentoer (KERKHOVEN n1. 16, BAKHUIZEN V. D. BRINK n. 107 
Sh. 1200 m);, Südabhang Sh. + 2200 m (KOENS n. 122); ober Tjipanas, Sh.1200 m 
(BACKER n. 5214); G. Galoenggoeng Sh. 1800 m (KOORDERS n. 4663 f). 

Sumatra: Palawan (BUNNEMEIJER no. 9556, Sh. 1900 m). 


Y 2, Geniostoma acutifolium HIERN. in Nova Guinea VII, (1909), 201. 
Neu Guinea: Noord River bei Alkmaar (VERSTEEG no. 1513). 


® 3, Geniostoma Miquelianum K. & V.in Bull. Inst. bot. Buitenzorg 
XII, (1902), 22. 

Das Hauptverbreitungsgebiet ist Mittel- und Ostjava. Nach BACKER sind 
die Blüten grünweiss und stinkend, während LORZING die Blüten als wohirie- 
chend bezeichnet. 

Java: Res. Banjoemas: G. Slamet sw. von dem Schuttkegel, Sh. 2450 m 
(BACKER no. 449); G. Prahoe, Sh. 2500 m (BACKER n0. 21826); Res. Besoeki: 
jjang-Gebirge, Nordostseite, Sh. 1650 m (BACKER no. 9595); Res. Kediri : 
Wilis—Komplex, Ostseite, G. Wanasegara Sh. 1500 m (BACKER no. 11551); 
Res. Kedoe: G. Soembing, N. O, Seite, Sh. + 1800 m (LORZING no. 132) 
G. Prahoe, Dieng-Plateau (KOORDERS no. 11233, 11234 B, 11235 B, Sh. 255 m); 
G. Kembong, Sh. 1700 m, (KOORDERS n0. 10917 B); G. Sindoro bei Parakan, Sh. 
2200 m (KOORDERS no. 11339 5, KOORDERS no. 11340, Sh. 1405 m); G. 
Andong (KOORDERS no. 36612 5, Sh. 1200 m); Res. Madioen: Poedak, Sh. 
2000 m (KOORDERS n0. 6178 f); Res. Pasoeroean: Tengger oberhalb Lawang, 
Sh. über 1400 m (MOUSSET n0. 281); G. Tengger, W, Abhang bei Kledak, Sh. 
1200 — 1800 m (MOUSSET no. 147, 1045); Tengger, Nordabhang oberhalb 
desa Ngepoeh (v. Harreveld no. 46, Sh. 1600 m); (DOCTERS V. LEEUWEN- 
REIJNVAAN no. 4487, 4538); G. Tengger, zwischen Nongkodjadjar und 
Ngadiwono, Sh. 1500 m (BREMEKAMP), G. Ardjoeno, Sh. 1400—2400 m 
(BREMEKAMP, KOORDERS n0. 38141 f); G. Smeroe Südwestabhang, Sh. 1200— 
2000 m (BACKER no. 3618, no. 3739); (ZOLLINGER no. 23); G. Kembang Sh. 
2000 m (KOORDERS no. 37661 £ & 37662 B); Res. Pekalongan: Petoeng, 
Kriana Sh. 1600 m, (BACKER no, 15819); G. Sari-Slamat, Sh. 1500 m 
(KOORDERS no. 4665 S); Res. Semarang': G. Telomoja, Sh. + 1400 —1500 m 
(DOCTERS V. LEEUWEN-REIJNVAAN, no. 1094, 2212, 164; KOORDERS no. 
4655 5, 27908 f, 35880 5, 35879 p). 

Sumatra: Midd. Habinsaran bei Sibosor (LORZING no0.7729,Sh.+1250m). 


? 


& 4, Geniostoma lasiostemon BL. Mus. bot. Lugd Bat. I. 230. 
Mir liegt von diesser Art kein Exemplar vor; sie soll nach BLUME in 
Neu Guinea heimisch sein. 


5. Geniostoma moluccanum VAL. in Bull. Inst. botan. Buitenzorg Xi. 
Die Blüten duften angenehm, honigartig, die Farbe der Blütenblätter ist hell- 
grün mit weissem Rand, Filamente und Antheren elfenbeinweiss, Narbe 
sehr hellgrün. 


208 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 








Molucken: Ambon (ROBINSON no. 2034); (KORNASI no. 1140, Sh. 
300—400 m). 
Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: X G 22, 


6. Geniostoma oblongifolium K. & V. in Bull. Inst. bot. Buitenzorg 
XII, (1902), 20. 

Java: Res. Besoeki: Pantjoer, Idjen (KOORDERS no. 28644$, 148726, 
34001 B, 14654, 323907B); Res. Preanger: Pasir Datar, Abhang des Pange- 
rangeo bei Tjisaat Sh. 1000 m (BAKHUIZEN V. D. BRINK no. 2099). 


7. Geniostoma celebicum VAL. in Bull. Inst, bot. Buitenzorg XII, 19. 

Celebes: Minahasa, Lolomboelan bei Poekoe-oere, Sh. 600 m (KOOR- 
DERS no. 18713 B); Pinamarongon-Gebirge, Sh. 500 m (KOORDERS no. 
18721 B); Jungwald bei Kojoe-watoe, Sh. 50 m (KOORDERS no. 18722 p); 
Weg von Tondono nach Ajermedidi. (KOORDERS no. 18724 f); bei Ratahan, 
Sh. 317 m (KOORDERS no. 24063 f); Lokka—Bonthain (TEYSMANN no. 
14000 & 14021). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: X G 24. 

Nach KOORDERS sind die reifen Früchte schwarz, die Samen schôn rot, 


8. Geniostoma avene VAL. in Bull. Inst. bot. Buitenzorg XII, 23. 
Diese Art ist nur unvollständig bekannt. 
Poeloe Gebeh /Insel zwischen Celebes und Neu Guinea/(TEYSMANN 
no. 7578). 
HI. SPIGELIA L. 


Gen. ed.Il. 361; Solereder in E. & P. IV/2, 32. 
Im Gebiet kommt eine hier nicht heimische, aus Amerika eingeschleppte 
Art vor. 


Spigelia anthelmia L. Sp. PI. 149; PROGEL in Flora bras. IV/1, 
(1868), 262. 

Java: Res. Banjoemas: Tjilatjap, Sh. 5 m (BACKER no. 21007, 4594); 
Res. Bantam: Poeloe Babi (BOERLAGE); Res. Batavia: Mangga besar, 
Batavia, Sh 5 m (BACKER n0. 3245); Doeren bei Batavia, Sh. 30 m (BACKER 
no. 32457: 32456); Buitenzorg, Sh. 235 m (HALLIER no. 201a; LORZING 
no. 1528; BACKER no. 32454; KOORDERS no. 44155); Land Tjiomas bei 
Buitenzorg Sh. 250 m (BACKER no. 26328); Masèng, Sh. 425 m (BACKER 
no. 0420); Res. Dijokjakarta: zwischen Dijokjakarta und Pioengan, Sh. 
100—150 (BACKER no. 2552); Res. Kedoe: Gombong (VON HARDENBERG); 
Res. Preanger: Pelaboean Ratoe, Sh. 1 m (BACKER n0. 2283); Poeloe Mas 
besar bei Java/eine unauffindbare Ortsangabe/(V ALETON). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: XV K A XXXIII 0. 


IV. MITREOLA L. 
Gen: ed, 377 44737): SOLEREDER OM 26: @ P41V,/2, :34: 


Mitreola paniculata WALL. Cat. 4349; KOORDERS, Flora von Java 
HI, (1912), 57.— M. Oldenlandioides WALL. Cat. 4350; DOP in Bull. Soc. 
bot. France 57, (1910) Mem. 19, 3. 


Bali: G. Saraja (ZOLLINGER & MORITZI no. 376, 21. Mai 1845). 

In ZOLLINGER System. Verz. wird unter no. 376 als Fundort Tjikojam 
(auf Java) angegeben, allerdings mit dem Datum 29. Juni 1845, während 
die Etikette im Herbar das obenerwähnte Datum und jenen Fundort trägt. 

Ja va: Res. Bantam : Bodjangmanik (KOORDERS n0. 40779 £); Res. Djokja- 
karta : zwischen Wanosari und Djokjakarta, Sh, 150-—200 m (BACKER no. 2504) 
Res. Kediri: Komplex Poengloer, Nordabhang G. Wilis, Sh. 125 m (WIND 
no. 2565); Res. Madioen: Saradan Sh. + 30 m (WISSE no. 159); Komplex 
Saradan Sh. 110 m (BEUMÉE no. 2230); zwischen Patjitan und Toelahan, Sh. 
320 m (BACKER n0. 2043); zwischen Toelahan und Tegalombo, Sh. bis 430 m 
(BACKER no. 2943); Res. Pasoeroean: Bangil, Sh. 15 m (BACKER n0. 7567); 
Kepoeh bei Pasoeroean Sh. 50—75 m (BACKER n0. 20966, 8323); Wangkal 
südi. von Kraksaän Sh. 100 m (BACKER n0. 13039); Res. Pekalongan : Fürsterei 
Margasari, Sh. + 100 m (BEUMÉE no. 5165); Res. Preanger : Radjamandijala Sh. 
300 m (BACKER no. 13185); längs der grossen Poststrasse ôstl, von Tjisokan 
(TEYSMANN n0, 18334); Tomo Sh.70—100 m (BEUMÉE no. 4748) ; Res. Rem- 
bang : Fürsterei Balo Sh. + 100 m (BEUMÉE n0. 5526); Fürsterei Bekoetoek südl. 
von Blora, Sh. 60 m (BLOKHUIS) ; Fôrsterei Nanas, Sh. + 100 (BEUMÉE no. 858) ; 
Fürsterei Ngawen, Sh. + 100 m (BEUMÉE no. 791); Padangan, Komplex 
Wadeng Sh. + 100 m (BEUMÉE no. 1003); Fürsterei Pajaman Sh. +100m 
(BEUMÉE n0. 886); Res, Semarang: Fürsterei Tempoeran, Sh. 125 m, (BEUMÉE 
no. 5107); Regaloh bei Pati, Sh, 75 m (BEUMÉE no. 3937); Res. Soerabaja : 
Komplex Medowo, Sh. 50—100 m (BEUMÉE n0, 2658) ; Koepang bei Soerabaja, 
Sh. 30 m (BREMEKAMP), Nord-Soerabaja Sh, + 100 m, (WEEDA no 2270 
& 2271), Res. Madoera: Rapa bei Sampang Sh. 100 m (BACKER no. 20122). 

Kangean— Archipel: P. Sepandjang Sh. 1-5 m (BACKER no. 28752, 
2} PSaoebi, -Sh:t5m (BACKER’ no. 28205): G. Saseel, Sh.. 1. m 
(BACKER no, 28631); P. Bangko, Sh. 2 m (BACKER n0. 29237); P. Saboenten 
Sh. 5 m (BACKER no. 28461); P. Paliat, Sh. 5-25 m (BACKER no. 29400); 
P. Kangean, Tambajangan, Sh. 130 m (BACKER no. 27423); P. Kangean, 
Tjangkramaan, Sh. 5 m (BACKER no. 27033); P. Kangean, zwischen Tam- 
bajangan und Batoepoetih, Sh. 100 - 130 m (BACKER no. 27614); P. Kangean, 
Gelaman, Sh. 30 m (BACKER n0. 27127); P. Kangean, Kajoe Waroe, Sh. 50 m 
(BACKER no. 28124); P. Kangean, Ardjasa, Sh. 30 m (BACKER no. 26882). 

Neu Guinea: Merauke (Exp. KOCH 1904—1905, no. 341?); Mam- 
berano—Fluss, Pionierbiwak, Sh. 70 m (LAM no, 508); Kaiser —Wilhelms- 
land, Stephansort (LEWANDOWSKY no. 47); Mündung des Markhamilusses 
(Weinland no. 209). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: XV K A XXXIII 5. 


var. lilacina BACKER nov. var. 

Herba humilis floribus lilacinis, lobis fructus divergentibus, rectis. 

Die Varietät ist kleiner als die typische Form, oft ein ganz niedriges 
Pflänzchen. Die Form ist selten und kommt auf feuchten Terraswänden vor. 

Java: Res. Madioen: zwischen Tegalombo und Slahoeng, Sh. 300 m 
(BACKER n0. 3400); zwischen Toelahan und Tegalombo, Sh. 500 (BACKER 


300 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 


no. 2042); Res. Besoeki: Nordabhang des G. Idjen, oberhalb Bajeman 
Sh. 500 m (BACKER no. 3070). 


V. MITRASACME LABILL. 


Nov. Holl. PI. I, 25; BENTHAM F1. Austral. IV, (1869), 349; SOLEREDER 
IROES GPIVIE 35: 


Schlüssel zur Bestimmung der Arten. 


14), Stengel'Ybeblätiert!&£t":5s 1. 2 

1b Stengel nicht beblättert, Blätter eine bad Rosette biere 4 

2a Stengel bis oben beblättert; Blüten in den Achseln der Blätter. . 3 

2b Stengel nur im unteren ed beblättert; blütentragende Stengel 
blattios, nur kleine Schuppen tragend . 1. M. pygmaea KR. BR. 

3a Kelch bis zur Mitte geteilt; zierliche Pflänzchen 2 M. alsinoides R BR. 

3b Kelch verwachsen, am oberen Rand vier Zähnchen tragend; kleine, 
aber derbe Pflanze, reich beblättert 3. M. saxafilis BACKER n. sp. 

4a Grosse, aufrechte Pflanze; Blüten gross, Griffel lang, an der Frucht 
nur an der Basis in zwei Hälften auseinanderweichend; Frucht 
länglich-eifürmig . . su A0 + 40 MselataRe 

4b Zarte Pflanze mit Don migem Se Blüten sehr klein, Griffel 
an der Frucht bis zur Spitze auseinanderweichend, schliesslich 
ganz getrennt; Frucht klein, kugelig. 5. M. nudicaulis REINW. 


1. Mitrasacme pygmaea R. BR. Prod. 453; BENTHAM FI. Austral. 
IV, 351 

Molucken: Insel Taliaboe, Kap Kapo (HULSTIJN no. 87). 

Timor: (FORBES no. 3884). 


2. Mitrasacme alsinoides R. BR. Prod. 453; BENTHAM FI. Austral. 
IV, 353; DOP in Bull. Soc. bot. France 57, (1910), Mém. 19, 4. 

Java. Res. Bantam: Gebiet üstl. Pasoeroean, Sh. 100 m (BACKER no. 
7207); Res. Batavia: Hügelgegend südi. von Kalapa Noenggal Sh. 100 —150 
m (BACKER no. 5799); Tji Hanjawar westl. von Buitenzorg Sh. 300—400 m 
(BACKER no. 6218); Res. Preanger: Tji Mapag, nürdi. von Kiara Pajoeng 
Sh. 300 m (BACKER no. 23870); Res. Madoera: Bangkalan Sh. 40 m 
(BACKER no. 19131); Gebiet nôrdl. von Pragaan, 24 km ôstl. von Madoera 
Sh. 100 m (BACKER no. 20434); Hügelgegend ôüstl. von Ketapang daja 
Sh. 10—50 m (BACKER no. 19840); Rapa, ungefähr 6 km nô. von Sampang 
Sh. 100—150 m (BACKER no. 19764); zwischen Rapa und Moktisari Sh. 
100 m (BACKER no. 20139); zwischen Rapa und Pamekasan Sh. 40 m 
(BACKER no. 20233); Hügelgegend üstl. von Tamberoe Sh. 25 m (BACKER 
no. 20579); Arosbaja Sh. 25 m (BACKER no. 19307); Hügelgegend nôürdi. 
von Soemenep, Sh. 56 m (BACKER no. 20684); Res. Soerabaja: Hügel n. 
von Karangbinangoen, Sh. + 100 m (DORGELO). 

Kangean— Archipel: Insel Kangean, Ardjasa Sh. 30 m (BACKER 
no. 27032); Tambajangan Sh. 25—130 m (BACKER no. 27722, 27485) 
zwischen Ardjasa und Pabean Sh. 15 m (BACKER no. 27195). 


TT 7 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 301 





3. Mitrasacme saxatilis BACKER nov. spec. Abb. 1, Fig. 1—3. 

Herba perennis, erecta, circa 8 cm alta, ramosa ; caulis et ramulis foliosis. 
Folia opposita, non petiolata, lato-ovata, apice acuta, basi lata, rotundata, in 
sicco margine revoluto; flores singuli in axilis foliorum, calice 4dentato, 1!/, — 
2 mm longo; corolla mihi ignota. Capsula ellipsoidea, e calice parum exserta. 

Diese Art ist durch ïihre reichbeblätterten Stämmchen ausgezeichnet. 
Die Blätter sind sitzend und endigen in eine Stachelspitze, die an Herbar- 
exemplaren meist zurückgebogen ist. Die Frucht ragt nur wenig mit dem 
oberen Teil, den zusammenneigenden Griffelhälften, aus dem Kelch. Die 
Blumenkrone soll nach BACKER weiss sein. 

Java: Res. Madoera: Hügelgebiet nôrdl. von Soemenep, Sh. 50-—75 m 
(BACKER no. 21265); Res. Soerabaja: Hügel nw. von Banjoewangi und n. 
von Karangbinangen, Sh. + 100 m, auf trockenem Kalkgrund zahireich, 
(DORGELO). 


X 4. Mitrasacme elata R.BR. Prodr. 
453; BENTH. FI. Austral. IV, 354. 


À e 
Ÿ Neu Guinea: Süd-Neu Guinea 
| V x] bei Okaba (BRANDERHORST no. 86, 
L Ÿ 00) ; bei Merauke (VERSTEEG n0. 1932); 


Südhang des Dikatales, nürdlichster 
Nebenfluss des Swartflusses Sh. 1250 m 
(LAM. no. 2077). 


& 5. Mitrasacme nudicaulis REINW. 
in BLUME Bijdr. 849; BENTHAM F1. 
Ausiral. AV354DOP"in BulNSo 
bot. France 57, (1910), Mém 19,4. 
Die Blüten sind nach LORZING 
weiss, oft mit Purpurflecken. 
Sumatra: Karohochebene bei 
Raja Sh + 1250 m (LORZING no. 4901); 
Karohochebene bei Brastagi, 1350 m 
(LORZING no. 6167, 8412); Nord- 
westrand des Tobasees an den Piso- 
Piso Sh. + 1350 m (LORZING); zwi- 
schen Siboeatan und den Piso-Piso, 
nw. vom Tobasee Sh. + 1400 m 
(LORZING n0. 7202); Habinsaran-Hoch- 
ebene oso. vom Tobasee Sh. 1200— 
1300 m (LORZING no. 6475); Midd. 


n bei Parsoboeran, Sh. + 
Abb. 1 Fig. 1—3 Mitrasacme saxatilis. Habinsaran., , 
Fig. 1 Habitus, Fig. 2 Frucht; Fig. 3 Frucht, 1070 m (LORZING no. 7895). 


Kelchblätter zurückgeschlagen. !) Timor: (FORBES no. 34902). 





1) Der Kelch wurde beim Zurückschlagen zerrissen, daher die Kelchblätter scheinbar 
nicht verwachsen. 


302 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 





Mitrasacme polymorpha R. BR. Prodr. 452; BENTHAM FI. Austral, IV, 
353; DOP in Bul. Soc. bot. France 57 (1910), Mém. 19,5. 

Nach CLARKE in Hooker FI. Brit. Ind. IV, 80 und KING und GAMBIE 
in Jour. As. Soc. Beng 74/2, (1908), 600 soll diese Art auch im malayischen 
Archipel vorkommen, ohne dass aber genauere Standortsangaben gemacht 
wären, Mir liegt kein Material aus dem Gebiete vor. 


VI. NORRISIA GARDN. 
In HOOK. Kew Journ, 1, 326; SOLEREDER in EG PAI1V/237: 


Norrisia malaccensis GARDN. in HOOK. Kew Journ. I, 327 ; MIQUEL FI. 
Ned. Ind. Il, 359; KING & GAMBLE in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. 74/2,602. 


Riouw-Archipel: Insel Senggarang (TEYSMANN). 

Sumatra: Res. Palembang: Banjoeasin & Koeboestreken (ENDERT no. 
146 E 1P 838: GRASHOFF no. 944, Sh. + 20m). 

Nach CLARKE in HOOK. F1. Brit. Ind. IV, 85 auch von Borneo bekannt. 

Der Stamm ist selten aufrecht, 25 bis 28 m hoch, bis 70 cm im Durch- 
messer, mit bis 4 m weit hinauflaufenden, dicken aber nicht breiten Bret- 
terwurzeln: die Krone ist hoch angesetzt und sehr breit. Die Rinde ist 
rotbraun, nicht abschilfernd. Die Blüten sind weiss und sehr wohiriechend. 
(Nach GRASHOFF). 


VIL STRYCHNOS L. 


Gen. n, 253; SOLEREDER in E. &P. IV/2, 37; KOORDERS & VALETON 
Boomsoorten op Java Bijdr. IX, (1903), 64; HILL A. W. The Genus Strychnos 
in India and the East in Kew Bull. 1917, 121—210. 

Da mir nur unvollständiges und vielfach schlecht erhaltenes Material 
vorlag, so musste ich mich vielfach auf Angaben aus der Literatur be- 
schränken. Ein grosser Teil konnte überhaupt nicht bestimmt werden, da das 
Material grüsstenteils ohne Blüten war, die bei der Bestimmung der Séychnos— 
Arten vor allem in Betracht kommen, andrerseits, da mir, allein auf das 
Buitenzorger Herbar beschränkt, Originalmaterial zum Vergleiche fehlte. Aus 
diesen Gründen muss ich auch von der Aufstellung eines Bestimmungs- 
schlüssels absehen. Sollte mir besseres Material in Zukunft zugänglich werden, 
so soll diese Gattung einer neuerlichen und eingehenden Bearbeitung unter- 
zogen werden. 


1. Strychnos villosa HILL in Kew Bull. 1911, 206 und Kew Bull. 1917 143. 

Nach HILL auf Java: , Wukau” (HORSFIELD no. 1319); ohne nähere 
Standortsangabe (KURZ). 

Mir liegt von dieser Art kein Material vor. 


2. Strychnos lanceolaris MIQ. F1. Ind. Bat, Suppl. 227,551; HILL in 
Kew Bull. 1911, 206 und Kew Bull. 1917, 144. 

Nach HILL auf Sumatra: (KORTHALS); Palembang bei Moeara Enim 
(TEYSMANN). 

Diese Pflanze fehlt im Buitenzorger Herbar. 





CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 303 





3. Strychnos septemnervis CLARKE in HOOK. FI. Brit. Ind. IV, 88; 
HILL in Kew Bull. 1917, 149. 
Celebes: G. Kolonodale (V. VUUREN, RACHMAD no, 652). 


K 4. Strychnos Forbesii HILL in Kew Bull. 1909, 360 ; Kew Bull. 1911, 
295; Kew Bull. 1917, 150. 
Nach HILL in Neu Guinea: Sogeri Region (Forbes no. 210; 230). 
Diese Pflanze ist im Buitenzorger Herbar nicht vorhanden. 


5. Strychnos laurina WALL. Cat. 1591; HILL in Kew Bull 1917, 150. 

Nach HILL auf Borneo: Bandjermasin (MOTLEY no. 902 ?). 

Auf Java soll die Pflanze nur im botanischen Garten zu Buitenzorg 
vorkommen, wo sie unter X G 44 & 44a und XVI À 58 kultiviert wird. 


x 6. Strychnos barbata HILL in Kew Bull. 1909, 359 und Kew Bull. 
1017, 153. 

Molucken: Ambon (Robinson no. 612). 

Neu Guinea: Soron (BECCARI no. 98), nach HILL in Kew Bull. 
LOT, : 153. 


7. Strychnos polytrichantha GILG in Notizbl. d. kgl. bot. Gart. Berlin 
I, 1897, 267; HILL in Kew Bull. 1917, 156. 
Nach GILG von Borneo: ohne nähere Standortsangabe (BECCARI no. 


2275). 
Im Herbar zu Buitenzorg ist diese Pflanze nicht vertreten. 


8. Strychnos myriantha GILG und BENEDICT in ENGL. bot. Jahrb. 
2 (916), 107, Fig. 5. 

Das mir vorliegende, unbestimmte Material stammt zum Teil von Borneo, 
zum Teil von der Moluckeninsel Soela; ist also für Niederländisch-Indien 
neu. Der Blütenbau stimmt volkommen mit der Beschreibung von Sfr. 
myriantha überein, ebenso zum Teil die Blätter. (Die Blâtter variieren stark 
am vorliegenden Material. Neben den Blättern, die der Beschreibung und 
Zeichnung von GILG und BENEDICT gleichen, finden sich auch breit-eifürmige, 
ovale Blätter vor. Die Nervatur entspricht der Beschreibung. 

Borneo: Boekit Liang-karing di bawah. (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1896 — 07, 
JAHERI no. 1253). 

Molucken: Poeloe Seho (HULSTIJN); nach einer diesem Spannbogen 
beiliegenden Notiz sind die Blüten gelb. 

Die Pflanze war bisher nur aus den Deutschen Besitzungen von Neu 
Guinea bekannt. 


0 9. Strychnos pubescens CLARKE in HOOK. FI. Brit, Ind. IV, 89; 
HILL Kew Bull. 1917, 166. 

Borneo: Boekit Kasian (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1898-99, AMDJAH 
no. 57); nach HILL Sarawak, Mattang (BECCARI no. 2035). 

Sumatra: Insel Lingga, Nordküste (TEYSMANN). 


304 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





10. Strychnos Robinsonii HILL in Kew Bull. 1917, 168. 

Von dieser Art ist Originalmaterial im Buitenzorger Herbar vorhanden, 
dem aber Blüten fehlen. 

Molucken: Ambon (ROBINSON no. 2029). 


11. Strychnos axillaris COLEBR. Trans. Linn. Soc. XII, 356, tab. 15; 
HiLL in Kew Bull. 1917, 169; nach KOORDERS und VALETON Boomsoorten 
op Java, Bijdr. IX, 63 — Sfr. monosperma MiQ. FI. Ned. Ind. Il, 381. 

Borneo: Bt. Liang Karing di bawah (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1896—07, 
JAHERI 10. 1236 und 1326). 

Java: Res. Batavia: Depok (HALLIER no. 389). 

Kuiltiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg : XVI À 55. 

Sumatra: Res. Sum. Westküste, NW-Abang G Talamau Sh. 1500 m 
(BUNNEMEIJER no. 774). | 


12. Strychnos Horsfieldiana MIQ. FI. Ned. Ind. II, 379; HILL in Kew 
Bull. 1911, 2904 und Kew Bull. 1917, 170. 

Java: Nach MIQUEL bei Patjitan in der Res. Madioen (HORSFIELD); 
ferner Res. Banjoemas: Noesa Kambangan (KOORDERS no. 27050 f); Res. 
Batavia: Depok Sh. + 100 m (BURCK & DE MONCHY, BEUMÉE no. À 162, 
BACKER no. 26301, KOORDERS no. 40203 B, 33432 f, 31196 f, 31197 f, 
41714); Hügel von Djamboe westl. von Buitenzorg Sh. 175 m (BACKER no. 
21075); G. Tendjoleat bei Djasinga Sh. 450 m (BACKER no. 10379); G. Tji- 
sodong bei Leuwiliang Sh. 275 m (BACKER no. 26351); Res. Kediri: Prigi 
Sh. 5 m (BACKER no. 11816); Res. Pasoeroean: Urwald Soember Tangkil 
Sh. 400—500 m (KOORDERS n0, 23621 f); Res. Preanger: Naturmonument- 
Insel im See von Pendjaloe (KOORDERS no. 47873 f). 


13. Strychnos palembanica MIQ. FI. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 227, 551 ; HILL 
Kew Bull. 1911, 203 und Kew Bull. 1917, 179. — Sfr. Pilgeriana GILG in 
Notizbl. kgl. bot Gart. Berlin 1, (1897), 268. 

Sumatra: Insel Simaloer (ACHMAD no. 735); Palembang, Moeara 
Enim (TEYSMANN no. 3669); nach HILL 1911 (FORBES no. 3245 & 2955 a). 


14. Strychnos ligustrina BL. Rumphia 1, 68, t. 25; HILL in Kew Bull. 
1911, 286 und Kew Bull 1917, 193. — Sfr. aux vomica L. forma depauperafa 
MiQ. FI. Ned. Ind. Il, 378; KOORDERS & VALETON Boomsoorten op Java, 
Bijdr. IX, (1903), 66. 

Bali: Pinpatagoeng Sh. 20 m (BECKING no. 61). 

Kangean— Archipel: Insel Saboenten Sh. 10 m (BACKER no. 20008) ; 
Insel Paliat Sh 10 m (BACKER no. 29634). 

Java: Res. Banjoewangi: Badjoelmati (TEYSMANN); Res. Pasoeroean : 
Binor bei Kraksaan Sh. 25 m (BACKER no. 13086). 

Timor: Koepang (TEYSMANN no. 8969); ohne nähere Ortsangabe 
(ZIPPEL); von einer Forstprüfstation eingeschickt ohne Nummer und ohne 
Ortsangabe. Ferner nach HILL 1917: Koepang (R. BROWN); (Spanoghe 19, 
1911, 32). 


TS 


PT EE TS —— 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaccen Niederländisch Indiens 305 





15. Strychnos cuspidata HILL in Kew Bull. 1909, 359, HILL in Kew 
Bull. 1911, 288 und Kew Bull. 1917, 199. 
Borneo: Zentral-Borneo (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS). 


16. Styrchnos Tieuté LESCH. in Ann, Mus. Hist. Nat, XVI, 479, 23; 
BLUME Rumphia 1, 67, tab. 24; HILL in Kew Bull. 1917, 200. 

Java: Res. Bantam: zwischen Malingping und Penjawoengan, Sh. 1 m 
(BACKER no. 1511); Res. Besoeki: Banjoewangi (TEYSMANN); bei Poeger 
(ZOLLINGER no. 2706); Res. Pasoeroean: bei Klakka (ZOLLINGER no. 2635); 
Tangkil (KOORDERS no. 23682 $); Res. Pekalongan : Urwald Asinan bei Soebah 
(KOORDERS n0. 27525 f); Res. Preanger : bei Plaboeanratoe (KOORDERS n0. 
33165 B). Nach HILL ohne nähere Angaben:(TEYSMANN; HALLIER; REINW ARDT 
no. 1599; HORSFIED no. 368; PULLE; KURZ). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg; X G 46. 


17. Strychnos ovalifolia WALL. Cat. 1592; HILL in Kew Bull. 1917, 
201.— Sfr. Beccarii GiLG in Notizbl. kgl. bot. Gart. Berlin |, (1897), 267. 

Borneo: Soengei Landak (TEYSMANN); — nach GILG (BECCARI no. 
1580); — nach HILL: Borneo, Amai Ambit (Liang Kutang);S. Mandai, 114° 
8’ OL, 0°40’ NB. (HALLIER no. 3153 B). 


18. Strychnos celebica KOORDERS Meded. ’s Lands Plantentuin XIX, 
540 & 631. 
Celebes: Urwald bei Karowa, Tompaso (KOORDERS no. 17740 f). : 


VIH GARDNERIA WALL. 


In ROXB. FI. Ind. ed CAREY I, 400; SOLEREDER in Ber. d. deutsch. bot. 
Ges. VII, (1890), 90; SOLEREDER in E. & P. IV/2, 41 und Nachträge zu 
IV/2, (1897), 282 ; RACIBORSKI in Anzeiger d. Akad. d. Wiss. Krakau 1896, 205. 


Gardneria ovata WALL. in ROXB. F1. Ind. |, 400; RACIBORSKI in 
Anzeiger d. Akad. D. Wiss. Krakau 1896, 206. 

Java: Res. Preanger: Tjadas Malang bei Tjibeber Sh. + 1000 m 
(J.J. SMITH No. 749,). 


IX. PSEUDOGARDNERIA RACIB. 


In Anzeiger d. Akad. d. Wiss. Krakau 1896; SOLEREDER in E. & P. 
Nachtr. zu 1V/2, (1897), 282. 

Die beiden Arten Ps. angustifolia (WALL.) RACIB. und Ps. nutans(S. 
& Z) RACIB. kommen zwar meines Wissens nicht in Niederl.-Indien vor, 
doch werden sie als Bewohner Japans und Ostindiens angegeben. Ich nehme 
aber diese Gattung doch hier auf, um Irrtümer, die sich in der Literatur 
finden, richtig zu stellen. RACIBORSKI gibt als Unterscheidungsmerkmale an: 
Gardneria, 4 Staubblätter, einfächerige Antheren zu einer Rühre verwachsen, 
in jedem Fruchtfach eine Samenanlage; Pseudogardneria, 4—5 Staubblätter, 
frei, Antheren 2fächerig, in jedem Fruchtfach 2 bis viele Samenanlagen. 
Und doch findet sich in den obenerwähnten Nachträgen zu E, & P. bei 
Ps. angustifolia die Angabe: 1 Sa. in jedem Fruchtfach. Ferner heisst es 
am selben Ort in der Gattungscharakteristik von Pseudogardneria ,,Gr. mit 


306 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V. LIVR. 4. 











knopfiger oder zWeilappiger Narbe”. Und weiter unten in der kurzen Beschrei- 
bung der beiden einzigen Arten wird bei beiden Arten die Narbe als 2lappig 
bezeichnet. Nach meinen Untersuchungen hat Ps. angustifolia wohl eine 
zweilappige Narbe, jedoch ist bei Ps. nufans die Narbe knopffürmig, was 
auch bereits SOLEREDER (Studien über die Tribus der Gaertnereen BENTH. 
Hooë. in Ber. d. Deutsch. bot. Ges. VIII, 1893 (93) richtig anführt. 


X. COUTHOVIA À. GRAY. 


In Proc. Am. Acad, IV (1858), 324; BENTHAM & HOOKER Gen. pl. 
IL, °797 ; SOLEREDER in E. & P. IV/2 41. E 


Couthovia celebica KOORDERS, Verslag eener Botan. Dienstreis door 
de Minahasa 1898, 537. 

Celebes: Pangkadjene (TEYSMANN no. 11881); Minahasa, bei Loboe 
Ranoe Ketan Sh. 300 m (KOORDERS no. 18628 f, 18741 f). 

Molucken: Ambon: (TEYSMANN H.B. 5531); 


XI CRATERIPHYTUM SCHEFF. MS. 
BOERLAGE, Handleiding FI. Ned. Ind 11/2, (1899), 455; KOORDERS, 
Beschreibung der Loganiaceen-Gattung Crateriphytum SCHEFF. in Bull. Inst. 
bot. Buitenzorg XVI, (1903); E. & P. Nachtr. 1] zum II. — IV. Teil 291. 


Crateriphytum moluccanum SCHEFF. in KOORDERS Béschr. d. Loga- 
niaceen-Gattung Crateriphytum Scheff. Bull. Inst. bot. Buitenzorg XVI. 
(1903), 10. 

In der Abhandlung von KOORDERS môchte ich einen Irrtum richtig- 
stellen. Auf Seite 8 oben sagt KOORDERS bei der Beschreibuhg der Narbe : 
HSE bpma clavatum bilobum "und auf derselben SEite unten: 
,Jedoch ist Crateriphytum durch die einfache Narbe :"! :,"MSDIeSer 
Widerspruch findet sich bereits bei BOERLAGE à. a. O. 456, von wo er von 
KOORDERS übernommen wurde. 

Meine Untersuchungen ergeben, dass die Narbe tatsächlich zweilappig ist. 
Die Narbenlappen sind aber anfangs geschlossen und üffnen sich erst später. 
Dadurch wird namentlich bei Herbarmaterial der Eindruck der Einfacheit 
erweckt. Auch an Alkoholmaterial findet man nicht oft das offene Stadium. 

Molucken: Ceram bei Maneo Sh. 500—600 m (RUTTEN no. 234); 
W. Beka, Sh. 0——1000 m (RUTTEN no. 1768); Ambon, Hoetoemoeri (y; 
Ambon, G. Hassoe (BOERLAGE no. 112); Ambon, (BINNENDIK no. 18499 
& 98); Batjan (TEYSMANN no. 5896). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: 11] 18; IV E 92 & 02a. 


XIL FAGRAEA THUNB. 


Nov. Gen. 34; SOLEREDER in E. & P. VI/2, 41. 

Die Durchsicht des Fagraea - Materials liess eine eingehendere Bear- 
beitung dieser Gattung wünschenswert erscheinen, einerseits weil eine Zahl 
von Artnamen unklar ist, andrerseits weil einige im Gebiet von Niederländisch- 
Indien in der letzten Zeit gesammelten Arten zweifellos neu sind und einer 
Beschreibung und Einreihung bedürfen. 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 307 

Die Gattung Fagraea, die systematisch eine recht einheitliche Gruppe 
darstellt, bietet gerade aus diesem Grunde einige Schwierigkeiten. Die Form 
der Blätter und Blüten zeigt nur wenige auffallende Unterschiede, sodass 
eine eindeutige Beschreibung oft recht schwierig ist. Blätter desselben Baumes 
variieren oft stark in Form und Grôüsse; auffallend ist dieser Umstand bei 
Fagraea racemosa, Was im Verein mit der weschselnden Länge der Blü- 
tentraube zu der Aufstellung einer ganzen Reihe angeblich neuer Arten 
geführt hat. Es erscheint daher angezeigt, diese Art sowie einige andere 
weiter zu fassen. 

Ausser der Traube bei F. racemosa und andern Arten, die teils aus 
Einzelblüten, teils,aus zymüsen Teilinfloreszenzen besteht, ist der Blütenstand 
bei Fagraea meist ein zymôüser oder besser gesagt ein thyrsoider und meist 
endständig. Jedoch besteht dieser scheinbar endständige Blütenstand ge- 
wôühnlich aus einer echten endständigen Infloreszenz und aus ähnlich gebauten, 
meist aus weniger Blüten bestehenden, seitenständigen Blütenständen, die aus 
den Blattachseln hervorgehen und gemeinsam mit dem echten endständigen 
einen einheitlichen Blütenstand bilden. Die Aufblühfolge ist eine zentrifugale. 
Die Kelchdeckung ist bei alien Fagraea-Arten eine quincunciale. Die Blumen- 
krone ist trichterig, fünfzipfelig; die Zipfel liegen in der Knospenlage rechts- 
cedreht, d.h. der rechte Rand jedes Zipfels überdeckt den linken Rand des 
danebenstehenden (EICHLER ‘). Einige Autoren sprechen allerdings von 
Linksdrehung, da die Drehung der des Uhrzeigers entgegengesetzt ist. Die 
Staubblätter sind in der Fünfzahl vorhanden, stehen zwischen den Blumen- 
kronzipfeln und sind mehr oder weniger tief in der Rühre angewachsen. Die 
Antheren sind. meist an der Basis gespalten und am Rücken befestigt. Der 
Griffel, gewôhnlich kräftig gebaut, trâgt eine knopf- oder scheibenfürmige 
Narbe. Die Frucht ist eine Beere, mehr oder weniger vollständig zweiteilig 
und enthält zahlreiche kleine Samen, Aussen ist die Frucht meist mit einer 
pergamentartigen, glänzenden Haut überzogen, die sich an der reifen Frucht 
leicht ablôsen lässt und unter der sich oft eine weissliche, stark klebrige 
Schleimschicht befindet. 

Einige allgemeine Bemerkungen wären noch über die Blütenfarbe zu 
machen. Die Farbe der frisch erôffneten Blüten ist gewühnlich weiss, 
seltener hellgelb, oft stellenweise grün. Aber auch die weisse Blütenfarbe 
verändert sich bald an den Blüten, deren Lebensdauer nur kurz ist, in eine 
gelbe. Namentlich bei den grossblütigen Formen zeigen auch die Lappen 
der frisch erüffneten Blüten zweierlei Farben. So ist der Teil der Kronlappen, 
der in der Knospenlage gedeckt ist, reinweiss, während der ungedeckte 
hellgelb ist. Beide Farben sind scharf von einander abgegrenzt. Beim 
Verblühen nimmt dann der weisse Teil eine hellgelbe, der ursprünglich 
hellgelbe Teil dunkelgelbe Färbung an. Die Blüten mancher Arten sind 
wohiriechend. 

Die Blätter sind stets gegenständig, glatt, ganzrandig (Ausnahme: F. 
crenulata). Sie sind gestielt und haben an der Basis Stipulargebilde, die 


1) EICHLER: Blütendiagramme 1, 1875, 7. 


308 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE II, VOL:aV. 'EIVR: 4. 





mehr oder weniger stark ausgebildet sind, manchmal aber durch typische 
Ausbildung ein gutes Artmerkmal abgeben (F. auriculata, imperialis, obovata, 
fastigiata, borneensis). 

Die Wuchsform ist sehr verschieden; es gibt unter den Fagraea-Âr- 
ten Bäume, Sträucher, Lianen und Epiphyten. Die Wuchsform kann als 
bestimmendes Merkmal kaum verwendet werden, denn dieselbe Art kann 
je nach dem Ort ihres Vorkommens verschiedenen Habitus haben. 

Der Kelch ist bei allen Fagraea-Arten ausdauernd und wächst auch 
postfloral noch mehr oder minder stark. Es ist daher zu beachten, dass 
die Masse, die in der Beschreibung der einzelnen Arten angeführt sind, 
sich auf den Kelch der vollerblühten Blüte beziehen; ebenso ist bei den 
Massangaben der Blätter zu berücksichtigen, dass die Längenmasse nur die 
Länge der Blattfläche angeben, da die Länge des Blattstieles gewühnlich 
getrennt angeführt ist. 

Bei einigen Arten fand ich Milchsaft und zwar ist dieser an den ver- 
schiedensten Orten zu finden. So zeigt sich an der Vegetationsspitze (F. 
imperialis, auriculata, borneensis u. à.) zwischen der sich berührenden Basis 
der Blattstiele und Stipularen der beiden gegenüberstehenden Blätter und 
der darunter befindlichen Anlage des jungen Blattpaares ein weisser, dickflüs- 
siger Saft, der beim Durchbrechen des jungen Blattpaares an die Luft tritt 
und hier gerinnt und dann oft weisse Tropfen und Überzüge an den jungen 
Blättern bildet. Ferner überzieht unter der pergamentartigen Haut der Früchte 
(F. litoralis, lanceolata, borneensis, imperialis, auriculata, euneura) ein weisser, 
dicker Saft die ganze Frucht, der sehr klebrig ist und sich zu langen, ela- 
stischen Fäden ausziehen lässt. In den Kelchen einiger Arten (F. émperialis, 
auriculata, lanceolata, carnosa u.a.), die reichlich Wasser zwischen Kelchblät- 
tern und Blumenkronrôhre enthalten (sehr viel bei F. émperialis!), ist dieses 
Wasser trüb, milchig und klebrig und lässt beim Verdunsten einen weissen 
Niederschlag zurück. In Alkohol ist der Milchsaft zum Teil lôslich, gibt aber 
ausserdem einen Niederschlag. 

Dort, wo der Milchsaft an der Vegetationsspitze ausgeschieden wird, 
fand ich an der Basis der Blattstiele und Stipeln Zotten, die denen ähneln, 
die J. HANSTEIN (Ueber die Organe der Harz-und Schleimabsonderung. Botan. 
Zeitung 1868, S. 712, Taf. XI. 37) bei Coffea beschreibt und abbildet. Milch- 
saftrühren konnte ich nirgends feststellen. Nie fand ich Milchsaît in Blättern 
und Zweigen; ebenso nie in der Rinde, wie es KOORDERS für ein Exemplar 
von F. auriculata (no 4323 f) in KOORDERS und VALETON (Boomsoorten 
op Java, Bijdr. IX, 77) angibt. Ausser dieser einen Angabe in der Literatur 
fand ich im Herbar auf einer Etikette eines javanischen Exemplares von 
F. obovata (WINCKEL no. 332) die Notiz: ,melksap als kleefstof cebruikt 
voor liimstokken, om vogeltjes te vangen.” Von welchem Teil der Pflanze 
dieser Milchsaft aber herrührt, ist nicht gesagt. 


Schlüssel zur Bestimmung der Arten. 


la Blütenstand traubig; Traube aus Einzelblüten oder kleinen zymüsen 
Teilinfloreszenzen zusammengesetzt . . . . . . . . . . . 2 


1b 
2a 
2b 
3b 
3b 
4a 
4b 


5a 


5b 


6a 


6b 


7a 
7b 


8a 
8b 


9a 
Ob 


10a 
10b 
11a 


11b 
12a 
12b 
13a 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 309 











BitienstantandersATER AMEN. AU, SARL, TS “AAA 
Blätter meist gross, breit elliptisch . . . . 1 F. racemosa JACK. 
Blätter mehrmals länger als breit . . . . DAS TUS 
Blätter sehr schmal und lang, schwach boots ose 


2 F. eucalyptifolia nov. spec. 
Blätter niperat ge. 3 HS] so lang als breit, lanzettfürmig, oft fast 
paralellrandig oder eifürmig . . 4 
Blâtter ungefähr 3 mal so lang I brair éirérditée off pit 
He EME UN PS NES TEySMmanTiÉ Nov: spec. 
Blätter länglich eifôrmig, Blütenstand armblütig . É 
TT DIE OA UauEA FR STACHISt NON. spec. 
Blütenstand bildet he | Schirmrispen ; Blüten verhältnis- 
mässig klein, nicht über 1!/, cm lang; Staubblätter weit aus der 


Rôhre hervorragend . . . . MENU AMEN TR AU EURR AEG 
Blüten mittelgross bis sehr gross; Staubblätter wenig oder gar 

nicht aus der Blüte hervorragend . . . . MEET 
Blütenstand endständig; !) Blumenkronrühre een Staub- 

blätter am Schlunde befestigt. . . . j | 


Blütenstand achselständig ; ÉRcie onrare Get a. Hotte 
erweitert; Staubblätter im oberen Viertel der Rôhre angewachsen. 8 
Blätter elliptisch, am oberen Ende zugespitzt. 5 F, elliptica ROXB. 
Blätter breit elliptisch bis eifôrmig, am oberen Ende abgerundet 
: À 6 F. sumatrana MIQ. 
Blätter cmlbE, ni Sable Ef Seitennerven. 7 F. fragans ROXB. 
Blätter flach, mit wenig Seitennerven, lang gestielt. ù 
: : TYE 8" F#seroria F7]; SMITH n°Ssp. 
Blätter nue UE 10 
Blätter fein gekerbt; Biütetstand on ne rotin 
9 F. crenulata MAING. 


Blitenenzeltisiizended "0. RUN PO NF SCTEROSa TACK. 
Blüten zu Bleneaideh vérene et er: : asbl 
Blüten mit langer zylindrischer oder oben nur wenig acte 
Rohren(lonsitiôrae) + 00 or: NE 
Blumenkronrôhre nach oben sich ceci eee Lier Mo 
Blätter am Grunde geôhrit . . . . 15 F, borneensis SCHEFF. 
Blätter am Grunde nicht geührlt . . . . 13 


Blüte mit grossen Vorblättern, Rühre der Bluieneene kacnot 
3mal so lang als die Lappen; Blätter breitelliptisch, gross, mit 
küurzerSpilzen. tn . : ta 4 A13.F: bracteosæ nov: Spec: 


13b Blüte mit kleinen Von Rôhre der Blumenkrone ungefähr 


% 


7—8mal solang als die Lappen; Blätter mit langer Träufelspitze 
| . 14 F2 "tubulosa BE: 


Sehr häufig ausser dem endständigen Blütenstand noch in den Achseln des 


darunter (seltener auch des nächstfolgenden) stehenden Blattpaares je ein ähnlich ge- 
bauter Blütenstand, die aber mit dem echten endständigen einen scheinbar einheitlichen 
Biütenstand bilden, 


310 


BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE Ill, VOL. V. LIVR. 4, 











14a 
14b 
15a 
15b 
16a 
16b 
Ja 
17b 
18a 
18b 


19a 


19b 
20a 


20b 


21a 
21b 


22a 
22b 
234 
23b 


24a 


24b 


Ann. 


Blätter am Grunde geôhrit; Ohrchen oft sehr klein 

Blätter am Grunde nicht geôhrit 

Blattfläche am Blattstiel herablaufend und an Htc ne in 2 
kleine ohrfürmige Anhängsel übergehend; Blütenstand vielblütig 

10 F. fastigiata BI. 

Blattiläche rie am Stiel ee ue Blütenstand meist 3blütig, 
hôchstens 5blütig . 

An der Basis des FT PRES AE DEN gewülbte 
Nebenblätter; junge Zweige mit schafkantigen Leisten. 

An der Basis des Blattstieles schr kleine, knorpelige Hücker ; junge 
Zweige abgerundet 18 F. euneura SCHEFF. 

Blüten sehr gross, ungefähr 25 cm lang, Filamente weiss; Leisten 
der Internodien oben spitz zulaufend. 17 F. imperialis MIQ. 

Blüten gross, ungefähr 13 cm lang; Filamente blass rôtlichviolett; 
Leisten der Internodien oben stumpf. 16 F. auriculata JACK. 

Blütenstand 3—7 blütig. 

Blütenstand vielblütig 

Blüten sitzend oder fast sitzend ; Blätter Aile ÉdENES 

; 23 F. acuminatissima MERRILL, 

Bliüten er 

Blumenkronrühre in ac on de Mitte En einem ÉRiRE 

send BUTS bent ER 24 F. annulata HHIERN. 

Blumenkronrôhre ohne solchen Ring . 

Blütenstand endständig an Langtrieben te 1i5ahts TONER 

Blütenstand endständig an Seitentrieben, die oft schr kurz sind, 
dadurch scheinbar achselständig; Blüten gelb, Blätter dünn 

; 22 F. lutea nov. spec. 

Biätter ee ue 21 F. lanceolata BL, 

Blätter im Allgemeinen rec met RAT CNRC 

Frucht kugelig oder fast kugelig, mit Griffelrest an der Spitze. 


19..F:\ditoralis BE 


Frucht länglich, oben nn ausgezogen, mit Griffelrest an der 
SRE: ee 1 1021 1 004. ramboinensistet 
Blätter verkehrt ne, an ne Basis des Blatitstieles kräftig aus- 
gebildete PA Blumenkronrühre oben bauchig erweitert 

Î 11 F, obovata WALL, 

Blätter FER an dé Es des Blattstieles nur mit schwachem 
Stipularrand; Blumenkronrühre sich nach oben allmählich erwei- 
tend ananas notes sur OMR TONNES 


fs 
18 


ÉF 


19 
24 


20 


23 


1. Fagraea racemosa JACK in ROXB. FI. Ind. ed. CAREY II, 35; Miq. 


Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. Il, 218 und die dort angegebenen Synonyma. 


F. morindaefolia BL. Rumphia Il, 32, tab. 73 fig. 2 & tab. 79.—F. cordi- 


Jfolia BL. Rumphia I, 


33.—F. subreticulata BL. Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat, I, 


171. —F, ligustrina BL. Rumphia Il, 33.—F. cuspidata BL. Mus. bot. Lugd. 


Bat. 


Le 1 T0: 


SO ER FR PS 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 311 





Stattlicher Baum oder bisweilen Strauch; Zweige glatt, rund, imtrockenen 
Zustand gewôhnlich gelbbraun bis braunrot; die Nodien der Zweige verdickt. 
Blätter gegenständig, ganzrandig, lederig, gestielt, Form und Grüsse derselben 
sehr veränderlich, meist jedoch breit elliptisch oder rundlich elliptisch, bis- 
weilen aber auch schmäler, an der Spitze stumpf oder mit kurzer Spitze, 
an der Basis abgerundet oder keilfôrmig, Länge 10—30 cm, Breite 8—16 cm. 
Mittelrippe beiderseits deutlich, auf der Unterseite stark hervorspringend, 
Seitennerven ebenfalls deutlich 6 —10 Paare; im trockenen Zustand gelbgrün 
oder braungrün, Blattstiel 2 cm lang an der Basis verbreitert mit mehr oder 
weniger deutlichem, stengelumfassenden, ringfôrmigen Stipularrand. Blüten- 
stand traubig, aus Einzelblüten oder armblütigen, zymüsen Teilinfloreszenzen 
bestehend, lang, hängend, lockerblütig oder auch kurz mit dicht gedrängten 
Blüten; meist endständig, selten neben solchen auch noch seitenständige. 
Blüten mehr oder weniger lang gestielt oder fast sitzend, an der Basis des 
Blütenstieles 2 transversal gestellte Vorblätter. Kelch eifürming, quincuncial, 
ungefähr 0,75 cm lang, 5lappig ; Lappen breit, oben abgerundet, etwas mehr 
als die halbe Länge des Kelches betragend; Blumenkrone trichterfôrmig mit 
zurückgebogenen linealen Lappen; Rühre 2 em lang, Lappen 1 cm lang und 
0,75 cm breit;, Staubblätter in der Mitte der Rühre befestigt, aus dieser 
hervorragend; Filamente fädlich, 2 cm lang; Antheren elliptisch, 4 mm lang, 
Antherenhälften unten auseinander ragend, am Rücken befestigt; Fruchtknoten 
ellipsoidisch, Griffel kräftig, 2 cm lang, gebogen ; Narbe flach, scheibenfürmig, 
Rand nach abwärts gebogen, schief zur Längsachse stehend ; Frucht eifürmig, 
an der Spitze einen kurzen Rest des Griffels tragend, unvoilständig zweifächrig, 
Länge ungefähr 2 cm, grüsster Querdurchmesser ungefähr 1 cm; Samen sehr 
zahlreich, klein, braun. 

Borneo: Landak, Pariet Demah (TEYSMANN) ; Sintang (TEYSMANN n0. 
8530 & 8531); ohne nähere Ortsangabe (JAHERI); (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS, 
JAHERI no. 7, no. 161); Goenoeng Talian bei Martapoera (Lot Abi no. 
2172) !); Awang Bongkal bei Martapoera (RAMLI no. 1882) '); Boekit Milie 
(Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1898—09, AMJAH n0. 164) ; Poeloe Madjang (TEYSMANN 
no, 8535); Oeloe Bloe-oe (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1898—09, AMDJAH no. 
275); Soengei Bloe-oe (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1896—97, JAHERI no. 1060). 

Ceram: Roho Sh. 100-200 m (Exp. RUTTEN, KORNASSI no. 469); 
westl. v. Seleman Sh. 0—100 m (RUTTEN no. 2012). 

Celebes: Kp. Tapatang (Exp. v. VUUREN, NOERKAS no. 446). 

Java: Res, Bantam: Sh. 300—400 m (BACKER n0. 330) ; G. Rompang Sh. 
10-—200 m (KOORDERS no. 4340 B) ; zwischen Malingping und Pajawoengan 
Sh. 5 m (? no. 1485); Res. Batavia: bei Tjampea Sh. 150 m (KOORDERS 
no. 30508 f); bei Buitenzorg (HALLIER); G. Tjibodas, Tjiampea Sh. 200 m 
(DEN BERGER no. 392); Nordfuss des G. Tjibodas bei Tjiampea Sh. 160 m 
(BACKER no. 25435); G. Paroengpoeng bei Tjiampea Sh. 750 m (BAKHUIZEN 


1) Auf den Etiketten dieser beiden Spannbogen steht als einheimischer Name ,meng- 
koedoe” und ,mengkoedoe oetan”’; bei ersterem steht noch ferner die Notiz ,Gebruikt 
bij batik”. Ich halte beide Angaben für einen Irrtum. Mengkoedoe heissen bei den Einge- 
borenen verschiedene Morinda — Arten, deren Bast Farbstoff für die Batikindustrie liefert 


und mit welchen die beschriebene Fagraea-Art im Blatte eine gewisse Ahnlichkeit hat, 


312 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Ill, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





V. D. BRINK no. 4175); Barengkok bei Leuwiliang Sh. 200 m (BAKHUIZEN 
V. D. BRINK no. 768); Res. Preanger: Rawah apoe bei Kali Poetang Sh. 10 m 
(BACKER n0. 4466); Palaboeanratoe, Soekaboemi (KOORDERS n0. 11777, 
4338 B, 33097 B, 12281 B; 4337 f); Res. Banjoemas: Noesa Kambangan bei 
Tiilatjap (KOORDERS no. 4341 f, 4342 f). 

Neu Guinea: Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Konstantinhafen (HOLLRUNG no. 
628); Nordküste, Kampong Horne (Exp. WICHMANN 1903, ATASRIP n0. 47); 
Merauke (Exp. KOCH 1904—05, ZIPPEL) ; Mysole Waïigama (TEYSMANN); bei 
Kampong Gelieb (BRANDERHORST no. 182). 

Sumatra: Insel Simaloer (ACHMAD no. 295, 175); Sidjoengdjoeng 
(TEYSMANN no. 991); bei Padang Sh. 100 m (KOORDERS n0. 10342 $) ; Beng- 
koelen (Exp. JACOBSON, AJOEB no. 21); Palembang, Moeara Enim(TEYSMANN 
no. 3923); Alaslanden (Exp. van Daalen 1904, no. 373); ohne nähere Orts- 
angaben (JUNGHUHN). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: IV À 112; V D 50. 

Wie schon oben erwähnt sind die Blätter sowohl der Form als auch 
der Grüsse nach sehr verschieden; hiezu kommt auch noch eine ausseror- 
dentlich grosse Veränderlichkeit der Blütenstände. Vom selben Baum kann 
man sowohl Blätter wie Blütenstände in der verschiedensten Ausbildung 
sammeln. Da aber sowobhl die Blattform, wie die grôssere oder geringere 
Reichblütigkeit der Blütenstände, Grüsse des Blütenstiels vielfach als Artmerk- 
mal verwendet wurden, entstanden eine grosse Zahl neuer Arten, deren 
Bestehen sich kritisch nicht rechtfertigen lässt. Ich fasse den Artbegriff von 
F. racemosa Weïiter und betrachte den Mangel, einzelne ürtliche Varietäten 
nicht als solche abgetrennt zu haben, für geringer, als die wahllose Aufstellung 
neuer Arten, deren eindeutige Aberenzung sich nicht geben lässt, da sie 
untereinander durch zahllose Übergänge verbunden sind. 


2. Fagraea eucalyptifolia nov. spec. Abb. 2, Fig. 1—3. 

Ramuli teretes, nodis incrassatis. Folia opposita, integerrima, coriacea, 
longa, angusta, plurimum acinaciformia, apice acuta, basi cuneata, 16 — 30 
cm longa, 1'/, summum 2 em lata. in sicco supra glauca, infra fusca vel 
violacea, margine recurvo; costa media supra plana, infra prominente et 
carinata; venis transversis numerosis utrinque subperspicuis. Petioli firmi, 
circiter 2 cm longi incrassati, supra subcaniculati, stipulae margine angusto 
amplexicaules. Racemus terminalis, basi cymis trifloris, ad superiorem finem 
floribus singulis compositus. Cymae et flores singuli in axillis bractearum 
triangulatarum, acutarum. 

Flores pedunculati, basi pedunculi duobus bracteis transversalibus, 
acutis, triangulatis. Calyx quincuncialis, campanulatus, quinquepartitus, 
circa 1'/, em longus, laciniis quinis, rotundatis, margine membranaceo, 
tubo aequilongis. Corolla infundibuliformis, quinque laciniis; tubus circa 
l'/, cm longus, superiore parte ventricosus, lobi lati, rotundati, circa '}, 
cm longi, reflexi Stamina quinque, in tertia parte superiore tubi affixa; 
filamenta filiformia; antherae paulum exsertae, in dorso medio affixae. 
Stylus 1!/, cm longus, in parte superiore flexus ; stigma obtusum, depressum, 











Abb. 2. Fagraea eucalyptifolia. 
Fig. 1 Zweig mit Blütentraube; 
Fig. 2 Einzelblüte ; Fig. 3 Frucht- 
WE stand. 











314 BULLETIN JARD. BOT, BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL: V. LIVR. 4. 





non e tubo exsertum. Fructus ovoideo-globosus, in vertice basi styli 
brevissime mucronatus, pisi magnitudine; semina numerosa, parva, nigra, 
angulata. 

Borneo: Soengei Parij (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1896 —97, JAHERI, AM- 
DJAHMno. 2552): 

Diese Art ist vornehmlich durch die langen, schmalen Blätter, die 
ähnlich den Blättern von Eucalyptus leicht säbelfôürmig gebogen sind, von 
den andern Fagraea-Arten mit traubigen Blütenständen zu unterscheiden. 
Die Blüten sind denen von F. racemosa ähnlich, jedoch etwas kleiner und 
die Staubblätter sind in der Rühre gegen das obere Ende zu angewachsen 
und nicht wie bei F. racemosa in der Mitte. 


3. Fagraea Teysmanii nov. spec. Abb. 3. 

Ramuli glabri, teretes, internodiis fere aequalibus (5—8 cm longis), nodis 
incrassatis. Folia integerrima, opposita, petiolata, coriacea, lanceolata vel 
saepissime paralellis marginibus, apice plus minus acuminata, basi cuneata 
vel rotundata, 18—30 cm longa, 5—9 cm lata, costa media in sicco supra 
concava, subtus prominente, venis transversis perspicuis, subtus saepe 
subprominentibus, in sicco margine recurvo. Petiolus firmus, 1!/, cm lon- 
ous, basi lata insidens, margine stipulare angusto amplexicaule. Racemus 
terminalis vel inderdum axillaris, pauciflorus, floribus singulis et nonnullis 
cymis trifloris compositus. Flores breviter pedunculati, basi pedunculi 2 
parvis bracteis transversalibus squamosis, obtusis vel rotundatis. Calyx 
proculiformis, quincuncialis, quinquepartitus, circa 6—8 mm longus, laciniis 
4 longis, rotundatis; corolla infundibuliformis, 3,2 cm longa; tubus 2,5 cm 
longus, parte inferiore angustus, parte superiore ampliatus, laciniae aequales 
7 mm longae, rotundatae. Stamina in tubo medio affixa, e tubo exserta, 
filamentis filiformibus, 18 mm longis, antheris ellipticis, in dorso medio affixis, 
basi bifidis; stylus 2,2 cm longus, stamina non superans. Fructus pisi 
magnitudine, orbicularis, apice cicatricula styli mucronatus, seminibus nume- 
rosis, rubicundis. 

Borneo: Bloe-oe (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1896—07, JAHERI no. 1430); 
Landak Ngabang (TEYSMANN); Karimata, Soengei Tajan (TEYSMANN); ohne 
nähere Ortsangabe (JAHERI). 

Auch diese Art unterscheidet sich von den andern Fagraea-Arten 
mit traubigen Blütenständen vor allem durch die Form der Blätter, die 
auffallend verschieden sind. Sie sind lanzettlich oder auch breit linear und 
haben eine scharf abgesetzte Träufelspitze, die bald grüsser bald kleiner sein 
kann. Die Zahl der Seitennerven ist verhältnismässig gering. Die Nodien 
der Zweige sind wie auch bei den andern razemüsen Fagraea-Arten 
verdickt. 

Die Blütenstände stehen meist endständig, doch kommen auch seiten- 
ständige oft vor. Sie sind kurz und wenigblütig. Die Einzelblüte zeigt keine 
auffallenden Verschiedenheiten den andern Arten dieser Gruppe gegenüber; 
jedoch ist der Rand der Kelchblätter nicht so ausgesprochen häutig. als es 
sonst der Fall ist. 


= CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 315 






TU 
00 
7, 
 L<KÈ KR 
119, 





KR 


Abb. 3. Fagraea Teysmannii. 


316 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





4, Fagraea gracilis nov. spec. Abb, 4 Fig. 1—3. 

Ramuli teretes, proceri, nodis incrassatis, internodiis 5!/,—6 cm longis; 
folia opposita, oblongo-ovata, apice acuta, basi rotundata, 13—19 cm longa, 
5—7 cm lata, tenui-coriacea, in sicco fusca vel olivacea, costa media supra 
plana, suptus prominente, cum decem paribus venarum transversarum utrinque 
perspicuarum, venis marginalibus conjunctarum; petioli firmi, 1!/, em longi, 
stipularum margine angusto amplexicauli. Racemus terminalis, pauciflorus, 
paucis cymis trifloris et floribus singulis compositus. Flores breviter pedun- 
culati, basi pedunculi 2 minimis bracteis squamosis acutis; calyx poculifor- 
mis, quincuncialis, quinquepartitus, circa 4 mm longus, laciniis 2 mm longis, 
rotundatis, margine membranaceo; corolla infundibuliformis, 2,5 cm longa, 
quinis laciniis; tubus 2 cm longus, faucem versus ampliatus; laciniae 
aequales, 5 mm longae, rotundatae, margine undulato. 

Stamina in tubo affixa, e tubo exserta, filamentis filiformibus, 1!/, cm 
longis, antheris |ellipticis, in dorso medio affixis; stylus 2,4 cm longus, 
exsertus, Stamina non superans. Fructus mihi ignotus. 

Borneo: ohne nähere Ortsangabe (Exp. NIEUWENHUIS 1806—07, 
JAHERI no. 169). 

Die Nervatur ist auf der Unterseite der Blätter besonders deutlich aus- 
geprägt. Die Zahl der Nervenpaare ist nahezu konstant 10; durch bogig 
verlaufende Randnerven sind die Seitennerven untereinander verbunden. 
Die Zweige sind schlank, die Blätter stehen in Abständen von ungefähr 
5!/,—6 cm. Die Blütenstände sind armblütig, die Einzelblüten schlank gebaut. 
Form, Zartheit und die regelmässige Nervatur der Blätter, sowie der kleineren, 
zarten Blüten unterscheiden diese Art von allen anderen Arten mit traubigen 
Blütenständen. 


5. Fagraea elliptica ROXB. FI. Ind. ed CAREY Il, 32..—F. speciosa 
BL. Rumphia Il, 35, tab. 81.—Cyr{ophyllum speciosum BL. Bijdr. 1022. 

Diese und die folgenden drei Arten gehüren der Untergattung Cyr- 
tophyllum MIiQ. an. Es sind Formen mit verhältnismässig kleinen Blüten, 
die zu reichblütigen Schirmrispen vereinigt sind. Die typischen Merkmale 
von Fagraea elliptica sind: die endständigen, kleinblütigen Blütenstände mit 
ihren flachgedrückten, flach rinnigen Infloreszenzstielen, zylindrische Blumen- 
kronrôhne und die am Schlunde der Blumenkronrühne befestigten Staub- 
blätter. Durch diese Merkmale unterscheidet sich diese und die folgende 
Art (F. sumatrana) von F. fragrans und F. sororia. Die Früchte sind 
orangegelb. Die Form und Grüsse der Blätter ist das Unterscheidungs- 
merkmal zwischen F. elliplica und F. sumatrana. Die Blätter stehen an den 
Zweigenden dichtgedrängt und hinterlassen erhabene Narben. Die Blätter sind 
elliptisch, am oberen Ende zugespitzt, auf der Oberseite glänzend; ihre 
durchschnittliche Länge beträgt 15—18 cm, die Breite 7—8 cm. Die Blatt- 
nervatur ist deutlich sichtbar. Ausser den echten endständigen Blütenständen 
treten in den Achseln des obersten Blattpaares (selten auch des folgenden) 
ähnlich gebaute Infloreszenzen auf, die mit dem endständigen einen scheinbar 
einheitlichen, endständigen Blütenstand bilden. Die Blüten sind weiss und 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 317 

















; > 














19 A js, 
= Z 4) À ON TN TU = 
1) W - < Z A Re 7 


ÈS 





Abb. 4. Fagraea gracilis; Fig. 1 blfihender Zweig; Fig. 2 die Biütentraube vergrüssert; 
Fig. 3 einzelnes Blatt. 


318 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





wohlriechend. Die Formen aus grüsserer Seehühe (über 1100 m) zeigen 
derbere Blätter. 

Java: Res. Batavia: G. Salak, Sh. 600—1000 m (KOORDERS no. 24247 , 
no. 24461 8, no. 36689 f.); nürdl. v. Tjanten bei Buitenzorg Sh. + 700 m 
(BACKER no. 25048,); Res. Preanger: Tjibodas Sh. 1400 m (KOORDERS no. 
42825 B, no. 40154 B); Soekaboemi, Sanggarawa Sh. 400 m (KOORDERS no. 
4348 B, no. 4346); bei Palaboeanratoe (KOORDERS no. 4345 B); Geger 
Bintang, Sh. 1600 m (DEN BERGER no. 592). 

Molucken: Ambon (ROBINSON no. 3037); Ambon, Hoetoemoeri (?). 
Ceram, Roho Sh. 100—200 m (Exp. RUTTEN, KORNASSI no. 502) blühend 
am 22 Nov. Riring, N. W. Ceram, Sh. 600—700 m (RUTTEN no. 2179). 

Sumatra: Palembang Sh. + 15m (THORENAAR no. 77 E 1P°953, 
und 77 E 1P 746); Rawas Sh 150 m (GRASHOFF no. 1140); Habinsaran oso. 
vom Tobasee Sh. 1200 — 1300 m (LORZING no. 6568); O. Randgebirge des 
Tobasees ober Panahassan Sh. 1100—1250 m (LORZING n0, 6660); Si Borong- 
Borong, Toba Sh. 1100m (OUWEHAND); Lampong Kehang, (TEYSMANN 
no 4309). Insel Simaloer: (ACHMAD n0. 58); Landschap Tapah (ACHMAD 
n0:1515%% "10: 1610): 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: IV A 113. Ferner ein Spann- 
bogen no. 16368; die Pflanze rührt nach den beiliegenden Notizen von 
Ambon her und wurde seinerzeit im botan, Garten kultiviert. 


6. Fagraea sumatrana MIQ. FI. Ned. Ind. II, 377. 

Diese Art steht der eben beschriebenen Form sehr nahe, unterscheidet 
sich aber vor allem durch die Blätter, Diese sind länglich- bis breit-elliptisch, 
an der Basis in den Stiel zusammengezogen, an der Spitze abgerundet 
oder abgestumpft. Die Seitennnerven sind an frischen Blättern schwach zu 
erkennen, an trockenen Blättern sind sie auf der Oberseite nur sehr schwach, 
auf der Unterseite gar nicht zu erkennen; an getrockneten älteren Blättern 
sind die Adern als dunkle, verästelte Linien zu sehen; die Länge beträgt 
14—20 cm, die Breite 6—11 cm, An der Basis der Blütenstiele stehen kleine 
schuppenfürmige Vorblätter. Die Frucht ist orangegelb. 

Banka: Plangas (TEYSMANN). 

Borneo: ohne nähere Ortsangabe TEYSMANN; KORTHALS). 

Sumatra: Pajakombo (TEYSMANN no. 992). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: IV A 127. 

Nutzen: Liefert gutes Bauholz. 


7. Fagraea fragrans ROXB. in FI. Ind. ed CAREY Il, 32. — F. peregrina 
BL. Rumphia 11, 34, tab. 80.— Cyrtophyllum peregrinum RWDT. in BLUME 
Bijdr. 1022. 

Diese und die folgende Art haben zum Unterschied von den beiden 
vorhergehenden achselständige Blütenstände mit Blüten deren Kronrühre 
sich nach oben trichterig erweitert; die Staubblätter sind im obersten Viertel 
der Rôhre angewachsen und an der Basis kniefôrmig gebogen. Die Blätter 
von F, fragrans sind lanzettfürmig oder elliptisch, oben zugespitzt, au der 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 319 
Basis in den Stiel verlaufend. Die Blattfläche ist gewülbt, auf der Unterseite 
konkav. Die Früchte sind orangerot. Die Blätter sind gegen das Ende der 
Zweige dichtgedrängt; die Zweigenden sind verdickt. 

Borneo: Bandjermasin (Boschwezen no. 2176); Poeloe Madjang 
(JAHERI); ebenda (TEYSMANN n0. 8536, no. 8537); Sintang (TEYSMANN no. 
8538); British-Borneo Mount Kinabalu Trip (JESSELTON no. 9563). 

Celebes: Mara (Exp. V. VUUREN, NOERKAS n0. 222); Boni (Heyne 
no. 2863); ohne nähere Ortsangabe (HAM no. L.,6). 

Java: Res. Batavia: bei Buitenzorg (HALLIER no. 202); Res. Semarang : 
Ngarengan kult. Sh. 50 m; (KALSHOVEN); ebenda (BEUMÉE no. 5029); Res. 
Soerabaja : Insel Bawean, Tambak (TEYSMANN no. 1767). 

Sumatra: Palembang, Moesi-Oeloe Sh. 20 m (ENDERT no. 160, no. 
161); Palembang (ENDERT 881); Komering Oeloe Sh. 80 m (GRASHOFF n0. 
574); Rawas (DUMAS no. 1563}; ebenda Sh. 150 m (GRASHOFF no. 1061); 
Bosch. Medak (BUURMAN VAN VREEDEN n0. 76); Ogan Ilier (TEYSMANN 
no. 3047); Moeara Enim (TEYSMANN no. 4019); Lampongs Mangala (TEYS- 
MANN n0. 4357); Sawahloento (HAM); ebenda (Boschwezen no. 189); Viakte 
Soengei Glawan Sh. 50 m (Exp. YZERMAN, KOORDERS n0. 22321 f). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: IV A 101; IV A 94. 

Nutzen: sehr geschätztes Bau- und Werkholz (,Künigsholz”). 


oi 8. Fagraea sororia J.]J. SMITH nov. spec. Abb. 5 Fig. 1—3 !). 

2? F. fragrans SCHEFF. (non ROXB.) Flora 1869, 300. ? ? 

Arbor altitudine 25—40 m. Ramuli cylindracei; folia longe petiolata, 
cinereo-viridula, glabra, ovata, elliptica interdum obovata, apice acuta vel 
acutissima, basi in petiolum decurrentia, coriacea, longitudine 6 — 10 cm, 
latitudine 2—4 cm, in sicco costa media supra plana, in pagina dorsali 
prominente, nervis transversalibus utrinque obsoletis. Petioli 2—3 cm longi, 
basi foliorum decurrente angustissime marginati, vagina interpetiolari annu- 
lari, truncata. Corymbi longe pedunculati, e foliorum axillis superioribus 
erecto-patentes, trichotomi. Pedicelli 4—5 mm longi, basi bibracteolati. 
Bracteae parvae, oppositae, squamiformes. Calyx parvus, campanulatus, 2 mm 
longus, quincuncialis, quinis laciniis rotundatis, margine membranaceo 
angusto, corolla subflava, infundibuliformis, limbo quinquepartito ; tubo 8 mm 
longo, faucem versus ampliato; laciniis ovatis, margine undulatis, patentibus, 
5 mm longis, 3 mm latis. Stamina quinque, in parte summa tubi inserta, 
filamentis filiformibus, 21 mm longis, aequilongis, longissime exsertis, 
basi bifidis, Pistillum 19 mm longum. Stigma depresso capitatum. Baccae 
aurantiacae, globosae, in vertice basi styli mucronatae, magnitudine fructus 
piperis. 

1) Standortsverhältnisse, die mir erst in allerletzter Zeit zur Kenntnis gekommen sind, 
lassen es mir sehr zweifelhaft erscheinen, ob es sich bei dieser Art wirklich umeine 
neue Spezies handelt. Die Eingeborenennamen für F, fragrans tembesu rawang und 
für F. sororia tembesu talang Wiesen auf diese Verhältenisse (rawang-Morast; talang- 
Rücken) hin. Da im südlichen Teil von Sumatra, wo beide Arten vorkommen, diese 
beiden Bodenformationen miteinander abwechseln, so ist es sehr wahrscheinlich, dass 
die ganz geringen morphologischen Verschiedenheiten der beiden Arten durch die 


ürtlichen Verhältnisse bedingt sind und daher F. sororia nur eine auf trockenerem 
Boden waclhsende F. fragrans ist. (Nachtrag bei der Korrektur). 








320 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE I, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 








XX. 
WA 
Z Ÿ 


D 


D. 


Abb, 5. Fagraea sororia; Fig. 1 blühender Zweig; Fig. 2 Einzelblüten; Fig. 3 Zweig 
mit Früchten. 


CAMMERLOHER : Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 321 











Sumatra: Palembang, Banjoeasin & Koeboestreken, Sh. 15—25 m 
(ENDERT no. 44 E 1P 515, no. 44 E 2P 706, no. 44 E 1P 429,44 E 2P 673; 
GRASHOFF no. 664); Moeara Doea Sh. 250 m (GRASHOFF n0. 400) ; Rawas 
Sh. 80— 100 m (GRASHOFF n0. 1060; DUMAS n0. 1550); Palembang (BUURMAN 
VAN VREEDEN no. 77); Moeara Enim (TEYSMANN no. 3796), Lampongs 
Kebang, (TEYSMANN n0. 4210) ; Lampongs, Tandj-Penang (BRUINSMA no. 12) ; 
Sibak Mokko (?); Bengkalis (Houtvester Medan no. 19). 

Diese Art steht der F. fragrans sehr nahe. Die Unterschiede liegen erstens 
in der Blattform, zweitens ist der Blattstiel bei F. sororia im Verhältnis zur Grôsse 
des Blattes länger und zarter; ferner sind hier die Blätter flach, während sie 
bei F. fragrans gewülbt sind ; auch ist bei F. sororia die Spitze des Blattes 
länger. Auch haben die Blätter weniger Seitennerven und die Zwischenräume 
zwischen diesen sind grôsser. Die Blüten sind bei F. sororia etwas, allerdings 
unwesentlich kleiner; der Blütenbau ist bei beiden Arten gleich. Die Frucht 
bei F.'sororia ist nahezu kugelig; der Hühendurchmesser ist kürzer als der 
Querdurchmesser; bei F. fragrans ist die Frucht etwas in die Länge gezogen. 

Baum von 25 — 40 m Hôühe, sellen mit geradem Stamm, ; Stamm rund, bis 
zu 1 m im Durchmesser, bisweilen auch dicker, ohne Bretterwurzeln, Stamm 
überall mit Auswüchsen und Knorren, reich verzweigte aber nicht breite 
Krone, Rinde dunkel, tief der Länge nach gefurcht; Furchen schraubenfürmig 
um den Stamm verlaufend; nicht abschilfernd. Blumenknospen anfangs dun- 
kelgrün, später mehr gelbgrün; Blumenkrone, Filamente und Griffel hellgelb, 
Kelch lichterün, Antheren und Stempel grün, Fruchtknoten gelb; junge 
Frucht licht grünbraum, reife Frucht orangegelb, fleischig; Griffelrest gelb ; 
Frucht geruchlos, kahl, süsslich, mehlig. Samen braun. Blüten wohlriechend. 

Scheint auf die südliche Hälfte Sumatras beschränkt zu sein, wo diese 
Art im Wald auf trockenem Boden nicht allzu häufig vorkommt; bisweilen 
wird sie auch als Schattenbaum längs Wegen gepflanzt. Blütezeit Maï; 
Fruchtzeit Oktober. 


9. Fagraea crenulata MAING. CLARKE in HOOK. FL Brit. Ind. IV, 
83: KING & GAMBLE Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1908), 610. 

Baum mit dicken Âsten, kleinen Bretterwurzeln und breiter Krone; 
stark ausgeprägte Blattnarben. Blätter gross, lederig, gegenständig, mit fein 
gelapptem Rand, breit-rund-verkehrt-eifürmig, oft fast kreisfôrmig, am Blattstiel 
mit breitem Rand herablaufend und in die Nebenblätter übergehernd, bis 30 cm 
lang und bis 20 cm breit. Mittelnerv beiderseits sichtbar, auf der Unterseite 
hervortretend, Seitennerven 5—6 Paare, beiderseits deutlich sichtbar. Neben- 
blätter am Grunde der Blätter nach abwärts gebogene Lappen bildend, Stengel 
umfassend. Blütenstand mehrfach trichotom verzweigtes Pleiochasium, meist 
endständig, doch oft auch achselständig; letzte Verzweigungen je drei 
Blüten tragend; an der Basis aller Verzweigungen je zwei Vorblätter. Blüte 
cestielt, ungefähr in der Mitte des Blütenstiels 2 transversale Vorblätter (der 
Mittelblüte der letzten Teilinfloreszenzen fehlen diese). Kelch bauchig, quin- 
cuncial, tief fünflappig, ungefähr 7 mm lang, Lappen fast bis zum Grunde 
eingeschnitten, breit, oben spitzbogig zulaufend oder auch abgerundet, mit 


322 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





häutigem Rand. Blumenkrone trichterfôrmig, fünflappig, hellgelb, 3'/; cm 
lang, Rühre im untern Teile eng, dann plützlich becherfürmig erweitert, 
2 cm lang, Lappen 1'/}, cm lang, oben abgerundet, am Rande gewellt, 
Staubblätter in der Mitte der Rühre befestigt, fädlich, 2'/, cm lang, aus der 
Rôhre hervorragend; Antheren länglich, !/, cm lang, am Rücken befestigt, 
an der Basis tief gespalten; Griffel 3 cm lang, aus der Rühre hervorragend, 
Narbe flach, gewôlbt, in der Mitte vertieft; Frucht länglich-eifürmig, ungefähr 
21}, cm lang, mit Griffelrest an der Spitze; Samen zahireich, klein, braun. 

Borneo: Soengei Bakambat bei Kapoeas (Abar bin Adam no.2141); 
Laboeanen bei Bandjermasin (DELMAAR no. 1128). 

Sumatra: Bengkalis, Djalan djil Sh. 4 m (BEGUIN no. 362); Bengkalis Sh. 
1—5 m (BRUINIER no. 68); N. Serdang bei Rantan-Pandjang in und nahe bei 
den Sümpfen Sh. 1 —4 m (LÜRZING no. 3667) ; Atjeh, Insel Wai bei Balokan Sh. 
10 m (KOORDERS no. 10643 f). 

Nutzen: Liefert sehr gutes Holz, das als Bau- und Brennholz Verwen- 
dung findet. 


10. Fagraea fastigiata BL. Rumphia Il, 30, tab. 74, fig. 1 À & B; MIQ. 
FI. Ned, Ind. II, 369. 

Epiphyt oder Kletterpflanze, an den Internodien knorpelige Leisten, 
wodurch die AÂste kantig erscheinen; Blattfläche am Stiel als Rand herab- 
laufend. Blüten gestielt; Kelch quincuncial, fünflappig, Lappen in der Knos- 
penlage sich kuppelfrmig überdeckend und gedreht; Frucht länglich-eifôr- 
mig oder kugelig-eifürmig, Länge 6 cm, an der Spitze Grifielrest. 

Celebes: Lokka Bonthain (TEYSMANN n0. 13665); Boeloe Ballea b. 
Bonthain Sh. 1800-2000 m (BüNNEMEIJER no, 12294, 12156, 12100). 

Java: Res. Banjoemas: Prigombo Sh. 700—1000 m (KOORDERS no. 
4329 B): Res. Besoeki Pantjoer Sh. 1000 m (KOORDERS no. 14520 f); Res. 
Bantan: Bodjongmanik (KOORDERS no. 40860 f); Res. Preanger : Tjidadap 
bei Tjibeber Sh.850 m (BACKER no. 22455,); Res. Semarang: Pesawahan Sh. 
600 m (DOCTERS V. LEEUWEN no. 2893). 

Mollucken: Insel Ceram, zwischen Riring und Manoesa Manoewe 
Sh. 500—800 m, Urwald (Rutten no 2187). 

Insel Simaloer (ACHMAD no. 154). 

Malay. Archipel: ohne sonstige Angaben (TEYSMANN? no. 5839), 

Nutzen: Bauholz. 


O 11. Fagraea obovata WALL. FI. Ind. ed CAREY II, 33. — F. obovata BL. 
Bijdr. 1021.—F. obovata-javana BL. Rumphia Il, 29, tab. 75 ; MIQ. Ann. Mus. bot- 
Lugd. Bat. Il, 217.—F, vaginata KING & GAMBLE Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 74,611. 

Epiphyt, Kletterpflanze, aber auch Strauch, bisweilen als Baum vor- 
kommend. Blätter lang gestielt länglich-verkehrt-eifürmig, oben abgerundet 
oder zugespitzt, an der Basis keilfürmig. Blattstiel 2—3 cm lang, mit deut 
lichem, ungefähr 3 mm breiten und bis 1 cm langen, oben zugespitzten, 
abstehenden Stipulargebilden. Blüten wohlriechend. 

Diese Art kommt im allgemeinen an hôher gelegenen Orten vor und 
steigt selten unter 1000 m herunter. 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Budileiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 323 





Java: allgemein verbreitet. 

Sumatra: G. Talamau (BüNNEMEIJER n0. 749 b); G. Koerintji Sh. 1800 
— 2200 m (BüNNEMEIJER no. 9467, 9731, 9175, 10508); Sibolangit, Boekit 
Kioear (MD. NUR no. 7213); Sibolangit Sh. 500 m (LORZING no. 4282); ssô. 
Sibajak Sh. 1500 m (LÜRZING n0. 6009); N. Sibajak im alpinen Urwald, Sh. + 
1900 m (LORZING no. 8294); Koerintji, Soengei Koembang, Sh. 1400 m 
(JACOBSON no. 2460); bei G. Malintang Sh. 1250 m (BüNNEMEIJER no, 
3770) ; Merapi Sh. 1200 m (BüNNEMEIJER n0. 4950) ; bei Teüngkeh, Karohoche- 
bene + 1400 m (LORZING no. 8524). 

Nutzen: Das fein zerriebene Blatt wird von den Eingeborenen als Mit- 
tel gegen Fieber und Kopfschmerzen gebraucht. 


12. Fagraea carnosa JACK Mal. Misc. Il, n. 7, 81; MIQ FI. Ned. Ind, 
Il, 374. — F. monantha MiQ. FI. Ned. Ind. Il, 373; MIQ. Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd. 
Bat. I1,-218; JACK Flora 1869, 308; SCHEFFER in Natuurk. Tijdschr, Ned. 
Ind. XXXI, 21. 

Kletterpflanze, Blätter gegenständig, ganzrandig, kurz gestielt, breit oval 
oder oft verkehrt-eifôrmig, mit kurzer Spitze, an der Basis abgerundet oder 
auch breit-keilfürmig, bis 14 cm lang und bis 8!', cm breit; Mittelrippe 
beiderseits deutlich, auf der Unterseite hervortretend, Seitennerven nicht 
sichtbar, am Rande zurückgebogen ; auch im trockenen Zustand Seitennerven 
unsichtbar, Rand eingerollt. Stets einblütig, Blüte endständig, sitzend, 
an der Basis des Kelches 2 kreuzweis stehende Paare von Vorblättern, 
Kelch tief fünflappig, ungefähr 3 cm lang, Lappen oval, so lang als die 
Rühre. Blumenkrone weiss, fest, trompetenfürmig, fünflappig, Rôhre bis 
12 cm lang, zylindrisch oder nur wenig nach oben erweitert, Lappen 3'/,—4 
cm lang, länglich-oval, zurückgebogen. Staubblätter ungefähr 2 cm unterhalb 
des Schlundes entspringend, Filamente kurz, fadenfürmig, Anthere 1!/, cm 
lang, schmal, Antherenhälften oben und unten auseinander weichend, Griffel 
ungefähr 13 cm lang, aus der Rühre hervorragend, Narbe knopfürmig. 
Frucht schlank ellipsoidisch, oben spitz zulaufend mit derbem Griffelrest, 
Kelch stark vergrôssert der Frucht anliegend; Samen nicht sehr zahireich, 
klein, im Fruchtfleisch eingebettet. 

Sumatra: an der Küste von Siboga (TEYSMANN); bei Benkoelen (JACK). 

Kultiviert im botan. Gart. zu Buitenzorg: XVI À 45 & 45a. 


13. Fagraea bracteosa nov. spec. Abb. 6 und Abb, 7 Fig. 1—6 

Ramuli angulati; folia opposita, glabra, coriacea, integerrima, elliptica, 
apice breviter acuta, basi cuneata, petiolata, circa 21 cm longa et 8—10 
cm lata, costa media supra prominente, in sicco nervis transversis utrinque 
obsoletis; petioli 2-3 cm longi, firmi, stipulis */, cm longis, 4 ramulo 
distantibus, margine membranaceo, valde simillibus stipulis F. obovatae. 
Inflorescentia terminalis, triflora, interdum etiam in axillis duorum foliorum 
supremorum flores singuli. Flores pedunculati, (pedunculi 1—1'/, em longi), 
2 bracteis transversalibus, angustis, 1—1/, cm longis, acutis, margine mem- 
branaceo lato; calyx quinquepartitus, quincuncialis, laciniis 2—2'/, cm longis, 






324 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Il, VMOLEWV EIVR AZ à 







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rotundatis, margine membranaceo. Corolla tubaeformis, 15—18 cm longa, 
quinque lacinis; tubo faucem versus ampliato vel fere cylindraceo, 9 cm 
longo, laciniis ovalibus, late rotundatis, 3 cm longis; staminibus circa 21e 
cm longis, in tubi quarta parte suprema affixis, vix e tubo exsertis, filamentis 
basi geniculatis, apicem versus tenuioribus, antheris ellipticis, in dorso medio 
affixis, basi bipartitis; stylus circa 10 em longus; stigma orbiculare. Fructus 
mihi ignotus. 

Celebes: G. Sajo (Exp. V. VUUREN, RACHMAD No. 723). 

Philippinen: Palawan (MERRILL no. 7254). 

Diese Art ist verschiedenen Æagraea-Arten, wie F. auriculata, bor- 
neensis, euneura, carnosa ähnlich, lässt sich aber doch wieder von jeder 
einzelnen leicht unterscheiden. Von F. auriculata unterscheidet sie sich 
durch die Blüten, die bei jener grüsser und derber sind und breit trichterige 
Form haben, während die Blumenkronrühre bei F. bracteosa nur wenig 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 325 







































































Abb. 7. Fagraea bracteosa, Fig, 1 Einzelblüte; Fig. 2 Blüte im Längsschnitt; Fig.3a 
Anthere von oben; 3b Anthere von unten; Fig, 4 Griffel; Fig. 5 Narbe; Fig. 6 Knospe. 


nach oben verbreitert oder fast zylindrisch ist; auch fehlen ihr am Blatt- 
stielgrund die Ohrchen. Mit F. borneensis besteht wohl eine gewisse Ahn- 
lichkeit in der Form der Blüten, doch zeigt sich auch hier der Unterschied 
im Mangel der ohrfürmigen Nebenblätter, Von F. euneura wiederum, mit 
der sie in der Blattform Übereinstimmung zeigt, ist sie durch die Gestalt 
der Blüten verschieden, die bei F. euneura so Wie bei F. auriculata 
breittrichterig aber kleiner sind; auch in der Art der Ausbildung der Stipu- 
largebilde zeigen sich Verschiedenheiten. Von F, carnosa schliesslich unter- 


326 BULLETIN JARD, BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





scheidet sie sich durch den Blütenstand, da F. carnosa stets einblütig und 
die Blüte sitzend ist. Die Blüten sind sonst wohl sehr ähnlich. Aber auch 
in den Blättern zeigen sich Unterschiede. Sie sind bei F. carnosa kleiner, 
dicker und zeigen weder auf der Oberseite noch auf der Unterseite die 
Seitennerven, die, wenn auch nicht auffallend, so doch immer ohne weiters 
bei F. bracteosa zu sehen sind. 


14. Fagraea tubulosa BL. Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. 1, 167; MiQ. FI. Ned. 
Ind, 11, 373; KING & GAMBLE in Jour. As. Soc, Beng. ‘74, 604. 

Liane, Blätter mit langer Träufelspitze, Seitennerven an trockenen Blät- 
tern kaum sichtbar. Blütenstand 5 blütig, endständig, mit zwei lanzettlichen 
Hochblättern. Blüte sitzend mit 2 kleinen Vorblättern, Kelch ungefähr 1 em 
lang, 5 lappig, quincuncial, Lappen so lang als der. verwachsene Teil. Korolle 
trichterig, mit sehr langer dünner Rôhre; Rôhre zylindrisch, 8 cm lang, 
Lappen ungefähr 1 cm lang, zurückgebogen. Staubblätter nahe dem oberen 


Ende der Rühre angewachsen, aus dieser kaum hervorragend, Filamente sehr: 


kurz, fädlich, Antherenhälften an der Basis auseinanderweichend, Griffel dünn, 
9 cm lang, Narbe knopffürmig. 

Sumatra: ohne nähere Angaben (?); (KORTHALS); Moeara Enim 
(TEYSMANN no. 3990); Agam, Brani Sh, 000 m (BüNNEMEIJER no. 3115). 


15. Fagraea borneensis SCHEFF. in Natuurk. Tijdschr. voor Ned. Ind. 
0, 8.4 RATE 

Baum mit kantigen Zweigen; Blätter länglich-verkehrt-eifôrmig, an der 
Basis des Blattstiels 2 nierenfôrmige, abstehende oder zurückgebogene 
Nebenblätter. Blütenstand endständig, 3 blütig, oft in den Achseln des dar- 
unter stehenden Blattpaares noch je eine Blüte. Lappen der Korolle in der 
Knospenlage rechts gedreht, der Rand an der Spitze gewellt und propel- 
lerartig zurückgebogen. Blumenkrone trompetenfôrmig. Farbe der frisch 
geôffneten Blüte: Lappen innen im oberen Teil weiss, unten hellgrün bis 
grün, aussen halb weiss, halb hellgrün und zwar ist der in der Knospenlage 
gedeckte Teil weiss, Rôhre innen grün mit dunkelgrünen Längsstreifen, 
aussen hellgrün; das Grün sich bald in Gelb verfärbend. Frucht schlank 
eifürmig, an der Spitze kurzer Griffelrest, 7 cm lang, breitester Querdurch- 
messer 4 cm, kantig, mit pergamentartiger, weisser Haut, zweifächerig, 
vielsamig; Fruchtfleisch einer frisch angeschnittenen Frucht rasch orangegelb 
werdend. Blüte stark jasminartig duftend. 

Borneo: von LOBB bei Sarawak im nürdi. Teil der Insel gesammelt. 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg : X G 30 & 30a; XVI À 34 & 34a. 


16. Fagraea auriculata JACK Mal. Misc. Il, 82; WALLICH FI. Ind. 
ed. CAREY Il, 34; BLUME Rumphia Il, 26, tab. 72; MIQ. FI. Ned. Ind. I, 
371. — F. epiphytica ELM. Leafl. Phil. Bot. VII, 2743.— Willughbeia auricu- 
lata SPRENG. Syst. veg. cur, post. 71. 

Epiphyt, bisweilen strauch- oder auch baumartig; Zweige und Âste 
kantig, mit scharfen Leisten an den Internodien. Blattnarben sehr ausgeprägt, 
dicht gedrängt. Blätter dicklederig, gestielt, länglich-oval, Mittelnerv auf der 


des … de 











Blattunterseite orangegelb; an der Basis des kräftigen Blattstieles 2 ohrfürmige 
Nebenblätter. Diese sind halbmondfürmig, gewülbt, unterseits hohl, zurück- 
gebogen, bei jungen Blättern an den Stengel angelegt. Blütenstandendständig, 
meist 3 blütig, selten einblütig, bisweilen 5 blütig. Blüte gross, mit 2 trans- 
versalen Vorblättern, die Gipfelblüte oft mit vier, in Paaren alternierenden 
Vorblättern. Kelch tief fünflappig. Korolle breit trichterig, tief fünflappig ; 
Rühre oben bauchig erweitert, ungefähr 7 cm lang; Lappen abstehend, 
ungefähr 6 cm lang, in der Knospenlage rechtsgedreht '). Staubblätter in 
der Mitte der Rôhre befestigt, aus dem Schlunde hervorragend; Filamente 
blass-rôtlichviolett, am Grunde kniefürmig gebogen; Antheren oval, über 
1'/}, cm lang, in der Mitte des Rückens befestigt, gelblich; Griffel kräftig, 
erün, mit grosser, flacher Narbe. Frucht gross, lang-eifürmig, mit perga- 
mentartiger Haut, ungefähr 7—8 cm lang und im unteren Teil 4 cm im 
Durchmesser, an der Spitze mit Griffelrest. 

Bali: G. Pala, Sh. 560 m (Exp. R. MAIER, SARIP no, 268). 

Banka: Djeboes (TEYSMANN); Blinjoe (TEYSMANN). 

Billiton: Angkerek (VORDERMAN); Tandj. Pandan (TEYSMANN). 

Borneo: Pontianak (TEYSMANN). 

Java: Res. Banjoemas: Noesa Kembangan (KOORDERS no. 24756 $); 
ebenda bei Tjimiring Sh. 159—200 m {V. STRAELEN no. 31; DEN BERGER 
no. 205); Mindangan Sh. 800 m (KOORDERS no. 34073 5); Res. Bantam: 
Danoe, Sh. 100 m (KOORDERS no. 404909 $, 40472 $; 4323 6), G. Kantjana 
(KOORDERS n0. 41416 B); G. Aseupan bei Bandjoewangi Sh. 300 m (BACKER 
no. 7109); zwischen Malingping und Panjoewoengan Sh. 5 m (BACKER 
no. 1467); Res. Batavia: bei Depok (KOORDERS no. 31000 $); Nirmala 
Sh. 1400 m (BACKER no. 10719); Desa Babakan bei Buitenzorg (HALLIER f.); 
Res. Besoeki: Pantjoer Sh. 1000 m (KOORDERS no. 14519 , no. 14913 , 
no. 21549 B); Res. Madioen: G. Wilis Sh. 1350 m (KOORDERS n0. 34186 f ; 
no, 4326 B; no. 29171 B; no. 4325 $);, Res. Preanger: Naturmonument- 
Insel Noesa Gede Sh. 720 m (KOORDERS no. 47807 B, no, 47898 f); G. 
Semboeng, Rongga Sh. 1300 m (LOÔRZING no 1249); Biwak Denoe, Ti 
Patoedjah Sh. 500—600 m (BACKER no. 9034); Tjadas Malang Sh. 1000 m 
(WINCKEL no. 179). 

Philippinen: Mindanao, Cabadbaran (ELMER no. 13850). 

Sumatra: bei Bantar-baroe Sh. 1000m (LORZING no. 5898) ; Banjoeasin 
& Koeboestreken Sh. 20 m (GRASHOFF no. 857); Mittelsumatra Sh. 30 m 
(Exp. YZERMANN, KOORDERS no. 22322), N. Sibajak im alpinen Urwald 
Sh. + 1900 m (LORZING no. 8323). 

_ Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: XVI À 38 & 38a; X G18. 


17. Fagraea imperialis MIQ. FI. Ned. Ind. If, 372; MIQ. Ann. Mus. bot. 
Lugd. Bat. Il, 216, tab. V—VI. 

Kräftiger Strauch oder Baum; sowohl im Habitus des ganzen Baumes 
wie in der Gestaltung der Blüten sehr ähnlich der F. auriculata, jedoch in 


1) BLUME spricht in Rumphia allerdings von .... in praefloratione sinistrorsum 
tortis . .. ; siehe hierüber die obenstehende Bemerkung in der Einleitung. 


328 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL: V, LIVR. 4. 





allen Dimensionen viel grôsser. Dies drückt sich namentlich in der Blüte 
aus, die bei weitem grüsser ist als bei F. auriculata und eine Länge von 25 
cm hat; die Rôhre ist 14 cm lang, oben 8 cm und unten 2 cm im Durch- 
messer und hat eine Dicke von ungefähr 8 mm. Die Filamente sind zum Teil 
mit der Rôhre verwachsen und werden oberhalb der Mitte der Rühre frei; 
sie sind weiss. Antheren bleichgelb und nach der Entleerung des Pollens 
mit breitem, häutigem Rand. An den Internodien der jungen Zweige finden 
sich ebenso wie bei F. auriculata scharfkantige Leisten, die an ihrem oberen 
Ende unterhalb der Ohrchen mit einem knorpeligen Dorn enden, der an 
älteren Zweigen verholzt, hart und etwas nach abwärts gebogen ist. Die 
Blüten stehen endständig zu dreien, oft durch Ausfall einer Seitenblüte zu 
zweien, selten einzeln. Die Mittelblüte besitzt meist 3 Paare von Vorblättern. 
Der Kelch birgt reichlich milchig-trübes Wasser. Griffel 14 cm lang, von 
der Dicke eines Bleistiftes, an der Spitze fast rechtwinklig g'ebogen, weiss; 
Narbe flach scheibenfürmig, 2 cm im Durchmesser, in der Mitte eingesenkt, 
am Rand abwärts gebogen, grün. Frucht länglich-eirund, ungefähr 12 cm 
lang, unten ungefähr 6 cm im Durchmesser. 

Sumatra: West-Küste, Siboga an der Küste (TEYSMANN no. 999). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: X G 31a; IV À 124 & 124a. 


18. Fagraea euneura SCHEFF. in Flora 1869, 308; SCHEFF. in Natuur- 
kund. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXXI, 20. 

Kräftiger Strauch oder Kletterpflanze, reich verästelt, junge Zweige 
mit kräftigen, abgerundeten Kanten. Oberseite der Blätter glänzend grün, 
Unterseite mattgrün, Mittelnerv auf der Blattunterseite grün (letzteres Merkmal 
ein guter Unterschied bei der Ahnlichkeit der Blätter mit denen von F. 
auriculata). An der Basis des Bilattstieles zwei kleine, knorpelige Stipularhôcker. 
Blütenstand endständig, 3blütig. Blüte kräftig gestielt, mit 2 transversalen 
Vorblättern. Kelch grün, tief 5lappig; Lappen fast 2 cm lang mit häutigem 
Rand. Korolle breit trichterig, 5lappig, Rôhre oben bauchig erweitert, 6 cm 
lang, Lappen 4 cm lang; innen weiss, aussen halb weiss, halb gelbgrün 
(wie bei F. borneensis), Rôhre innen gelbgrün, aussen weisslich-grün. 
Blütenblätter in der Knospe grün. Staubblätter im oberen Viertel der Rôhre 
angeheftet, zwischen den Lappen stehend, aus der Rôühre hervorragend. 
Filamente an der Basis kniefôrmig gebogen, weiss; Antheren elliptisch, 
leicht gebogen, am Rücken befestigt. Griffel 6 cm lang, aus der Rôhre 
ragend; Narbe flach, scheibenfürmig, in der Mitte vertieft, Rand herabge- 
bogen. Blüten geruchlos. Frucht kugelig, von der Grüsse eines kleinen 
Apfels. an der Spitze Griffelrest, vielsamig. 

Molucken: Halmaheira, bei Galela (TEYSMANN no. 7807). 

Kultiviert im botan, Garten zu Buitenzorg : X G 27 & 27a. 


19. Fagraea litoralis BL. Bijdr. 1021; BL. Rumphia II, 28, tab. 74; 
MIQ, Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. Il, 217.— F, crassifolia BL. Rumphia Il, 
31, tab, 78, fig 1; MIQ. Ann, Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. Il, 217.—F. celebica 
BL. Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 167.— F. minor RWDT. BL. Bijdr. 1021. 





CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 329 


Es ist wohl das Beste, die beiden Arten litoralis und crassifolia zu 
vereinigen, da es unmôüglich ist, wirklich tiefgehende Unterschiede zwischen 
beiden Arten zu finden. Die Blätter bei F. crassifolia sind vielleicht etwas 
derber und auch grüsser, doch finden sich am selben Exemplar oft alle 
Übergänge in der Blattform von /itoralis zu crassifolia. Die Blüten zeigen 
gar keine Verschiedenheiten, In der Blattform utid Blattgrüsse ist diese Art 
sehr variabel. Meist kommt sie als Liane vor. 

Celebes: Tomohon Sh. 800 m, hier Epiphyt KOORDERS n0. 17738 f). 

Java: sehr allgemein, meist als Liane in Seehühen zwischen 100 und 
800 m. 

Molucken: Insel Taliaboe, Tandij. Niuw (V. HULSTIJN no. 363) ; Ceram 
(TEYSMANN 10. 1916; DE VRIESE et TEYSMANN). 

Sumatra: westl. v. Bandarbaroe im Urwald, Sh. + 900 m (LORZING 
no. 7348). 

Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: X G 38; XVI À 32a; XVI 
PROMOS Ta XVI A ASS 43a:;Z 147; Z 33; Z37, 

Unter F. litoralis müchte ich auch eine Pflanze von Bali einreihen, 
die im Buitenzorger Herbar nur in einem Exemplar vorhanden ist und sich 
in der Form der Blätter nicht von F. liforalis unterscheidet. Auch die Blüten 
gleichen denen von F. litoralis vollkommen und sind vielleicht nur wenig 
kleiner. Der einzige Unterschied besteht in der reicheren Infloreszenz. Es 
ist môüglich, dass es sich um einen ausnahmsweise reichen Blütenstand 
handelt. Auch diese Pflanze ist eine Kletterpflanze. 

Bali: G. Pala, Sh. 490 m (Exp. MAIER, SARIP no. 251). 


20. Fagraea amboinensis BL. Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. |, 166.— F. /ito- 
ralis BL. var. amboinensis BL. Rumphia Il, 28. 

Steht F. liloralis nahe, kann aber doch wegen der länglichen Früchte 
und der eifürmigen Blätter als eigene Art aufrecht erhalten bleiben. Blüten 
habe ich nicht gesehen. 

Amboina (C. B. ROBINSON ,,Plantae Rumphianae amboïinenses” 159). 


21. Fagraea lanceolata BL. Bijdr. 1021; BL: Rumphia II, 31, tab. 77; 
MiQ. Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. Il, 218; KING & GAMBLE in Jour, As. Soc. 
Beng 74. 607 mit Ausschluss MIQ. FI, Ned. Ind. Il, 376, da diese F. lan- 
ceolata WALL, gleich F. Wallichiana Benth. ist. 

Auch diese Form steht F. liforalis sehr nahe, Die Blätter sind aber 
viel schlanker und lanzettfürmig. Im Übrigen ist auch hier die Artabgrenzung 
nicht leicht. 

Java:Res. Bantam: Kotta Pandeglang Sh. 250 m (KOORDERS no. 4344 S); 
Res. Banjoemas: Madjenang Sh. 30m (BACKER no. 18686); Res. Batavia: 
G. Salak Sh. 600 —1000 m (BLUME; KOORDERS no. 24157 B); Res. Preanger . 
Tijibeureum bei Bandoeng Sh, 700 m (SCHOLTE no. 2355); Tjadas-Malang 
Sh. 1000 m (BAKHUIZEN V.D. BRINK no. 2926); Takoka, Tijandjoer Sh. 
1200 m (KOORDERS no, 25545 , no. 333166, no. 33339 5); Bandoeng Tjigen- 
teng, Sh. 1460 m (KOORDERS no, 26247 B); Pangentjongan, Telagabodas bei 


330 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 


Garoet Sh. 1500 m (KOORDERS no. 4322 B, no. 10114 f); Res Kedoe: G, 
Andong Sh. 1200 m (KOORDERS n0. 36611 £); ohne nähere Angabe (FORBES 
no. 489 und no. 563a). 
Sumatra: West-Kiüste, G. Malintang, Sh. 1100 m (BUNNEMEIJERnO 3610). 
Kultiviert im botan. Garten zu Buitenzorg: X G 26; X G 28a; XVI 
À 32; XVI À 42; XVI A 46, 


22. Fagraea lutea nov. spec. Abb. 8. Fig. 1—3. 

Frutex vel planta scandens, ramulis glabris, teretibus, cortice rubicundo 
vel rubelo. Folia opposita, petiolata, integerrima, coriacea, lato-ovalia, basi 
rotundata vel celeriter in petiolum transeuntia, apice plus minus longe acuta 
vel interdum obtusa, usque 10 cm longa, 5—6 cm lata, in sicco costa 
media utrinque perspicua, nervis transversis non vel minime conspicuis ; 
Petiolus 2 cm longus, basi stipulare margine angusto. Corymbus 7—9- 
florus, trichotomus, in brevibus ramulis lateralibus terminalis vel raro in 
ramulis terminalis. Flores pedicellati, lutei, in medio pedicello 2 bracteis 
transversalibus. Calyx quinquepartitus, quincuncialis, 1 cm longus, laciniis 
aequalibus, rotundatis, margine membranaceo. Corolla infundibuliformis, 
quinquepartita; tubus faucem versus ampliatus, 3 cm longus, ovalis, 1,2 cm 
cm latae; stamina in superiore parte tertia affixa; stylus 4 cm longus, 
curvatus; stigma orbiculatum. Fructus globosus, apice brevi styli basi mucr- 
onatus, nitidus, diametro circiter 2 cm, viridus. 

Sumatra: Eiland Simaloer, bei Amabahan, Hügelrücken bei Loegoe 
Boeaja (PFEIFFER no. 38); ohne nähere Ortsangabe (ACHMAD no. 349 
no. 848, no. 1058). Wald, Sumpf, verstreut, selten. Blütezeit: März. 

Diese Art ähnelt zum Teil der F. liforalis, unterscheidet sich aber von 
ihr durch die dünneren Blätter und deren Form, vor allem aber durch den 
Blütenstand. Dieser steht meist an Enden von Kurztrieben, die oft sehr kurz 
und kaum beblättert aus den Achseln von Blättern hervorgehen, sodass der 
Anschein eines seitenständigen Blütenstandes erweckt wird. Doch kommen 
auch endständige Infloreszenzen an Langtrieben vor. Die Blütenstände sind 
auch reichblütiger als bei F. litoralis und die Blüten kleiner als bei dieser Art. 


23. Fagraea acuminatissima MERRILL in Journ. Straits Branch R. A. 
Soc 10 149101772532 MADD/9"Fis. 1622. 

Die Blätter sind bei dem Originalmaterial von MERRIL wohl länglich- 
elliptisch, doch finden sich unter den mir vorliegenden Pflanzen auch 
solche mit breit-elliptischen und verkehrteifürmigen Blättern. Sie sind dick- 
lederig und zeigen beiderseits deutlich die Mittelrippe, die auf der Unterseite 
vorspringt, dagegen sind die Seitennerven vollkommen unsichtbar. Länge 
15—20 cm, Breite 4,5—10 cm. Der Blattstiel ist fest, ungefähr 2 cm lang 
und an der Basis dreieckig verbreitert. An getrockneten Blättern ist der 
Blattrand leicht nach unten eingeschlagen. In der Regel ist die Infloreszenz 
5blütig, seltener 3blütig. Die Masse an den von mir untersuchten Blüten 
sind etwas grüsser als die bei MERRIL angegebenen: Kelch 12 mm lang, 
Kelchlappen 6 mm lang, Rand häutig; Korolle trompetenfôrmig; Rôhre 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 331 








Abb. 8. Fagraea lutea. Fig, 1 blühender Zweig; Fig. 2 Einzelblüte, Fig. 3 Zweig 
mit Früchten, 


332 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE II, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





Abb. 9. Fagraea acuminatissima; Fig. 1 blühender Zweig; Fig. 2. Einzelblüte. 


gegen den Schlund allmählich erweitert, 4 cm lang, Lappen 2 em lang, 
oval, 12 mm breit, der Rand gewellt. Staubfäden 5, im oberen Viertel der 
Rühre befestigt, fadenfürmig, an der Basis gekniet, 3 cm lang. Antheren 
am Rücken befestigt, oval, an der Basis gespalten, zurückgebogen. Griffel 
41}, cm lang, fest; Narbe scheibenfürmig, gewôlbt. 

Banka: Soengei liat, G. Maras Sh. 20 m (BUNNEMEIJER no. 1834); 
Mont Boei (TEYSMANN). 

Borneo: Poentianak (TEYSMANN); Sarawak (Nat. collector no. 686). 

Riouw-Archipel: Poeloe Toedjoeh, Penarik Sh. 20 m (BUNNEMEIJER 
no. 6100). 

Malay. Halbinsel: Penang (MD. HANIFF no. 3755). 





CAMMERLOHER : Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 333 





x 24. Fagraea annulata HIERN in Nova Guinea VIII, 202.— Abb. 10. 
Pool: eu 2. 


Neu Guinea: bei Zand- 
voort und Sabangkamp (VER- 
STEEG no. 1237). 

Die Blüten haben ungefähr 
die Grüsse derer von F. 
obovata. Durch die Blattform, 
namentlich aber durch den 
kräftig ausgebildeten Ring in 
der Rühre deutlich von allen 
anderen Arten unterschieden. 


Wenig bekannte Arten. 


Fagraea Kimangu BL. Mus. 
boi.“Euode Bat 143 
Fagraea  picrophlaea BL. 
Rumphia Il, 36; 
Abb. 10. Fagraea annulata, Fig, 1 Blüte; Fig. 2 Fagraea rostrata BL. Rump- 
dieselbe im Längsschnitt, hia II, 31, tab. 76, fig. 2, viel- 
leicht F. /anceolata BL. 

Fagraea ternatana MIQ. Ann. Mus. bot. Eugd. Bat. Il, 217. 

Kurz vor Abschluss des Manuskripts erhielt ich einige fruchttragende 
Zweige einer Fagraea — Art von Ternate. Sie stimmen vollkommen mit 
der Beschreibung für F. {ernatana MIQUEL überein. Da mir Blüten fehlen 
und auch das Originalmaterial nicht zugänglich ist, führe ich die Art 
hier an. 

Die Blätter ähneln denen von F. obovata; jedoch sind die Stipular- 
cebilde nicht so kräftig ausgebildet. Die Blätter sind dick lederartig und 
zeigen im trockenen Zustand keine Seitennerven. Die Blüten stehen zu 
dreien oder fünfen. Die Brakteen an den Blütenstielen sind dreieckig, 
zugespitzt, ungefähr '/, em lang. Die Frucht ist kugelig und trägt einen 
kurzen, flach abgestumpften Griffelrest. Nach BEGUIN mehr oder weriger 
hoher Baum oder Liane (?) mit wenigen, dicken Stelzenwurzeln; Stamm stets 
cekrümmt und eckig. Krone breit; Rinde dunkelbraun und abschilfernd. 
Kernholz lichtgelb, hart; Splintholz lichter als der Kern,hart Blätter und 
Zweige kahl; Blätter dunkelgrün, oben olänzend; Blüte creme-weiss; 
Frucht grün. 

Ternate: Nord-Toramadiahi Sh. 1000—1300 m (BEGUIN no. 1456, 
no. 1520); (TEYSMANN und DE VRIESE nach MIQUEL). 





Fagraea tetragona SP. Linnaea XV, 326; 
Fagraea truncata MiQ. F1. Ned. Ind. Il, 376, vielleicht F. sumatrana MIQ. 


334 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4, 


BUDDLEIACEAE. 


Diese Familie wird von vielen Systematikern mit der vorhergehenden 
Familie vereinigt und in diese als eigene Gruppe eingereiht. Die Verschieden- 
heiten, die auch WETTSTEIN veranlasst haben, sie als eigene Familie 
von den Zoganiaceen abzutrennen, sind jedoch so tiefgehende, dass die 
Lostrennung ganz gerechtfertigt erscheint. Die Buddleiaceen sind vor allem 
durch das Fehlen des intraxylären Phloems, das alle Loganiaceen besitzen, 
sowie durch den Besitz von Drüsenhaaren, die den Loganiaceen fehlen, 
ausgezeichnet. Die Blüten sind vierzählig, die Blätter meist gezähnt oder 
gelappt. !) 

Von dieser Familie ist eine einzige Gattung in Niederländisch-Indien 
vertreten. 


BUDDLEIA L. 


Gen. n. 140 SOLEREDER 10 E.& P. IV/29%56; 

BLUME unterscheidet vier Arten und auch MIQUEL führt noch drei ver- 
schiedene Arten an, die aber wohl alle zu einer Art zusammengezogen 
werden künnen, wie es auch KOORDERS und VALETON in ihren Boomsoor- 
ten op Java machen. Allein diese beiden Autoren unterscheiden wieder 
drei verschiedene Varietäten der einen Art B. asiatica. Bei der Durchsicht 
des mir zur Verfügung stehenden Materials konnte ich mich auch mit dieser 
Anhäufung recht zweifelhafter Varietäten nicht einverstanden erklären. Ich 
habe vielmehr den Eindruck, dass diese Art sich je nach dem Standort 
im Habitus und in der Behaarung verändert, 


Buddleia asiatica LOUR. FI. Coch. 72; MIQ FI. Ned. Ind. Il, 363; 
KOORDERS & VALETON Boomsoorten op Java, Bijdr. IX, (1903), 89 und Syn. 

Celebes: G. Papandangan (Exp. V. VUUREN, RACHMAT no. 396); 
Sapoetan-Gebirge Sh. 1300 m (KOORDERS no. 17730 B); Urwald bei Biwak 
Pinamorongan nächst Kajoewatoe Sh. 500 m (KOORDERS no. 17731 B); 
Pinamorongan-Gebirge Sh. 500 (KOORDERS no. 17732 B); Weg von Menado 
nach Tomohon Sh. 700—800 (KOORDERS no. 177338); b. Bonthain Sh. 
1500 m (BÜNNEMEIJER no, 12106). 

Java: Res. Batavia: Nordabhang d, G. Salak oberhalb Waroengloa 
Sh. 1000 m (BACKER n0. 22001); Schlucht des Tjiapoes oberhalb Waroengloa 
Sh. 600 m (BACKER n0. 2310); im Gerüll des Tjiapoes (HALLIER); Res. Besoeki: 
Pradjekan Sh. 60 m (BACKER no. 24530); Pantjoer Sh. 15C0 m (KOORDERS 
no. 32506 $, no. 28503 $); Idjen-Hochfläche bei Belawan Sh. 1000 m 
(BACKER n0. 25168); Kawah Idjen Sh. 2000 m (KOORDERS no. 43177 B,); 
Jang-Hochfläche Sh. 2300 m (BACKER n0. 9634); Nordostabhang des Jangge- 


… |) Die Berechtigung der Lostrennung der Buddleiaceen von den Loganiaceen findet 
ihre Bestätigung in den embryologischen Untersuchungen, welche in jüngster Zeit von 
K. V. O, DAHLGREEN (Die Embryologie der Loganiazeen-Gattung Spigelia; Svensk 


Botanisk Tidskrift Bd. 16, H. 1, (1922), 77—87, angestellt wurden. (Nachtrag bei der 
Korrektur.) 





__ CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddleiaceen Niederländisch Indiens 335 





birges bei Banderan Sh. 2300 m (BACKER no. 9550); Jang-Hochfläche, 
Argopoero Sh. 2100—3020 m (KOORDERS no. 43662 f, no. 43641 S); Res. 
Cheribon: Ostabhang G. Tijerimai Sh. 2000 m (BACKER no. 5077); Res. 
Kediri: Ostabhang G. Wilis Sh. 1700 m (BACKER no 11542); Res. Kedoe: 
G. Sendoro Sh. 1405 m (KOORDERS no. 11329 f); G. Dieng Sh. 2550 m 
(KOORDERS n0. 11220 f); Res. Madioen: G. Lawoe Sh. 1200 m (JACOBSON) ; 
zwischen Kalak und Patjitan Sh. 150—200 m (BACKER no. 2877); G. Pitjis 
(KOORDERS no. 29297 B); Poedok Sh. 1750 m (KOORDERS n0. 4343 f); Res. 
Pasoeroean: G. Lomongan (KOORDERS n0. 24100 S); N. Sendoro bei Siba- 
djak Sh. 1650 m (LOÔRZING no. 156); Tengger-Gebirge Sh. 1600 —2000 m 
(MOUSSET no. 843; KOBUS no. 127; KOORDERS no. 37660 S); Ngadisari, 
Tengger Sh. 2200 m (KOORDERS n0. 37657 f, no. 37659 B), GC. Batok Sh, 2200 m 
(KOORDERS no. 37658 b,) ; G. Ardjoeno Sh. 2400 m (KOORDERS n0. 38142 h); 
Weg Lalidjiwo - Tretes Sh. 800 m (BREMEKAMP; KOORDERS n0. 43718 f 
Sh. 1000—1200 m); bei Lalidjiwo Sh. 2500 m (ARENS; WURTH ; KOORDERS 
no. 438246, Sh. 2500 m); Res. Pekalongan : Urwald nw. Prahoe bei Sidjaran 
Sh. 200 m (KOORDERS no. 11219 $,); Nordabhang Dieng Sh. 1900 m 
(BACKER 21893); Josoredjo Sh. 1400 m (BACKER no. 16060); Res. Preanger : 
Gede, bei Tjiibodas (KOORDERS n0. 25847 f); Garoet (BURCK); G. Papan- 
dajan, G. Goentoer, Sh. 900 m (BACKER n0. 5234); Bandoeng, W. Patoeha 
bei Rantja Soeni, Sh. 1650 m (LORZING no. 1317); Tirtasari, Sh. 1500 m 
(J.J. SMITH et RANT no. 163); G. Malabar (MONTERI no. 47); Tjinjiroean 
+ 1500 m (DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN); G. Wajang (SCHEFFER), Res. Semarang : 
Ufer des Kali Moentoel südl. Rawah Pening Sh. 460 m (BACKER no. 
30170); nw. Moeriah Sh, 400 m; (DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN no. 701); bei Sepa- 
koeng 1300 m (KOORDERS 35881 ); Urwald Telomojo (KOORDERS no. 
27834 B); Res, Soerabaja: G. Andjasmoro Sh. 1980 m (BACKER no. 28); Res. 
Soerakarta: G. Andong bei Sidjaran Sh. 1100 m (DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN 
no. 146). 

Molucken: Insel Ambon (ROBINSON no. 2031); Insel Soela besi, 
Tandj. Baleha (V. HULSTIN no. 234); Insel Ternate Ngadè Sh. + 15 m 
(BEGUIN no. 1680). Insel Boeroe, Fakal Sh. 1200 m (TOXOPEUS). 

Sumatra: Res. West-Küste: G. Koerintji Sh. 2000 m (BÜNNEMEIJER 
no. 9254); Karohochebene, Nordfuss d. Sinaboeng Sh. + 1400 m (LORZING 
no. 8766). 

Kultiviert im botan Garten zu Buitenzorg: XV J. A. XXXI 3. 


Buitenzorg, am 27, Febr, 1922. 


1824 

1835 —1836 
1836—1840 
1840—1841 


1841 
1845 —1846 


1849— 1851 
1856 
1857 
1865 
1867 
1869 
1870 
1873—1876 
1885 
1888 
1800 


1891 
1896 


1897 
1898 
1899 
1902 


1903 


LITERATURVERZEICHNIS. 


ROXBURGH W. Flora indica ed Carey Vol. Il, Serampore. 
BLUME C. L. Rumphia Bd, 1 & II. 

ENDLICHER S. Genera plantarum, Wien. 

STEUDEL E. T. Nomenclator botanicus | & II, Stuttgart und 
Tübingen. 

SPANOGHE I. B. Prodromus Florae Timorensis, Linnaea XV. 
ZOLLINGER H. Systematisches Verzeichnis, Solothurn. 

DE CANDOLLE Prodromus Syst nat, regni veget. IX & X, Paris. 
MIQUEL F. A. W. Fagraeae Species Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. 
Il, 216—218. 

BLUME C. L. Museum botanicum Lugduno-Batavum Tom. I. 
Lugd. Bat. 

MIQUEL F. A. W. Flora van Nederlandsch-Indië Il. deel. 
Amsterdam-Utrecht. 

BENTHAM G. Notes on Loganiaceae, Journ. of the Proceed. 
of the Linnean Soc. I, 52—114. 

PROGEL A. Loganiaceae, Flora Brasiliensis VI/1, 249—300. 
HOOKER J. Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, London. 
BENTHAM GC. Flora Australiensis Vol. IV. London. 
SCHEFFER R. Observationes Phytographicae, Natuurkund. Tijd- 
schrift voor Nederlandsch-Indié XXXI VII. Ser. 1. Deel. 20 —22. 
BENTHAM & HOOKER Genera plantarum Il, London. 
HOOKER J. D. Flora of British-India Vol. IV, London. 
BAILON H. Histoire des Plantes IX, Paris. 

SOLEREDER H. Studium über die Tribus der Gaertnereen Benth. 
Hook., Ber. d, deutsch. bot. Ges. VII, (70)— (100). 

BAILON H. Histoire des Plantes, X, Paris. 

RACIBORSKI M Pseudogardneria, eine neue Loganiaceengattung, 
Anzeig. d. Akad. d. Wiss. Krakau, 205 — 208. 

SOLEREDER H. Loganiaceen in Engler und Prantl, Natürl. Pflan- 
zenfam. IV/2 und Nachträge [ zum IL—IV. Teil. 

KOORDERS S. H. Verslag eener Bot. Dienstreis door de Minahasa, 
Batavia —’s Gravenhage. 

BOERLAGE J. G. Handleiding tot de Kennis der Flora van 
Nederlandsch-Indië, 11/2, Leiden. 

VALETON Th. Einige Notizen über neue und schon bekannte 
Arten der Gattung Geniostoma, Bull. Inst. bot. Buitenzorg XII. 
KOORDERS S. H. & VALETON Th. Bijdrage No. 9 tot de kennis 
der Boomsoorten op Java, Batavia. 


CAMMERLOHER: Loganiaceen, Buddletaceen Niederländsch Indiens 337 





1903 KOORDERS S.H. Beschreibung der Loganiaceen-Gattung Crateri- 
phytum Scheff., Bull. Inst. bot. Buitenzorg XVI, 6—12. 
1906—1919 ELMER A. Loganiaceae in Leafl. Phil. Bot. I— VII, Manila. 


1908 ENGLER & PRANTL Natürl, Pflanzenfam. Nachträge II zu 
IV/2, 291. 

1908 KING G. & GAMBLE S. Materials for a Flora of the Malayan 
Peninsula, Jour. As. Soc. of Beng. 74/2, 598—625. 

1909 Nova Guinea VIII, Leiden. 

1910 Dop P. Contribution à l'étude des Loganiacées asiatiques de 


l’herbier du Muséum de Paris, Bull. Soc. Bot. de France, tom. 
57, Mém. 10. 


1911 WETTSTEIN R. v. Handbuch der system. Botanik, 2 Auîl. Leipzig- 
Wien. 

1911 HILL A. W. Strychnos Ignatii and other East Indian and Phi- 

F lippine Species of Strychnos, Kew Bull. 1911, 281 ff. 

1912 KOORDERS S. H. Excursionsflora von Java, Bd. 3, Jena. 

1916 GILG FE. & BENEDICT Ch. Die bis jetzt aus Papuasien bekannt 
gewordenen Loganiaceen, Englers botan. Jahrb. 54. 

1917 HILL À. W. The genus Strychnos in India and the East, Kew 


Bull 1917 1721 TE 


NACHTRAG. 


Nach Abschluss meines Manuskripts gelangte noch ein Sonderdruck 
einer Arbeit von E. D. MERRILL , Alabastra Borneensia” (Journ. Straits Branch 
R. A. Soc. No. 77, 1917) in meine Hände, dessen Inhalt ich nicht unberück- 
sichtigt lassen kann. 


Fagraea stenophylla BECC. Nelle Foreste di Borneo (1902) 524, fig. 
65, 1 (402); MERRILL a.a, O. 236. 

Die kurze Beschreibung MERRILLS, sowie die photographische Wieder- 
gabe eines einzigen Blattes bei BECCARI sind die einzigen Berichte über 
diese neue Art, die mit der von mir aufgestellten Art F. eucalyptifolia 
môglicherweise identisch ist. Die auffallende, bei Fagraea-Arten ungewohnte 
Form der Blätter sprechen sehr für diese Annahme. Sollte sich die ein- 
wandfreie Gleichheit dieser beiden Arten ergeben, so wäre der von mir 
gegebene Name als der jüngere einzuziehen. , 


Fagraea uniflora MERRILL Alabastra Borneensia in Journ. Straits Branch 
RPAMSGe: No 71: 10987 235: 

Ich haite diese Art trotz ihrer auffallenden, bei Fagraea ungewohnten Zahl 
der Kelch- und Blumenkronlappen nach der übrigen Beschreibung für F. 
carnosa JACK =F. monantha MIQ. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass es sich 
um eine monstrôse Blütenform handelt. Auch hier künnte ein Vergleich 
der übrigen Artmerkmale Aufschluss geben. Die Angabe der Kelchlänge 


338 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





ist ungenau, da sie einmal mit 3 cm, auf Seite 236 mit 5 cm festgesetzt ist. 
Bei meinen Exemplaren von F. carnosa ist der Kelch 3 cm lang. Letztere 
Art kenne ich allerdings nur von Sumatra, 


Fagraea grandifolia MERRILL Alabastra Borneensia in Journ. Straits 
Branch 4R.. A: Soc..No. 41. 41917-22937. 

Was ich über die grosse Varabilität der Blätter und Blütenstände bei 
F. racemosa gesagt habe, würde vielleicht auch für die neue Art die Zuge- 
hôrigkeit zu F. racemosa JACK ergeben. Ich hebe noch einmal hervor, dass 
es unmôglich ist, die zahllosen razemüsen Arten als gute Arten aufrecht zu 
halten und dass man einige zu einer grossen Art, F. racemosa, vereinigen 
muss, da sie durch alle Ubergänge der Blattgrôsse und Blütenstandsgrüsse 
mit einander verbunden sind. Nur auffallend anders geformte Blätter be- 
rechtigen zur Aufstellung eigener Arten in dieser Gruppe. Dasselbe mag 
auch für Fagraea cymosa MERRILL Alabastra Borneensis in Journ. Straits 
Branch KR. A. Soc. No. 77, 1917, 234 gelten. 


Buitenzorg, im October 1922. 


PHRYNIUM OBSCURUM T.et B. 


Eine noch unvollständig bekannte Marantacea. 
(Neue Beschreibung nach der lebenden Pflanze). 


von 


Th. VALETON. 
Mit Tafel 38. 


PHRYNIUM OBSCURUM T.et B.! in Nat. T. Ned.-Indië, 24 (1862), 329; 
M CHUMunuPiiz reichuiV, :48;. (1902); p. 57. 


Herba subglabra, fere metralis. Folia basalia longe compresse petiolata, 
maxima, oblonga, basi acuta, apice breviter acuminata, in vivo supra viridia 
subtus atropurpurea, im sicco tota olivacea, costa media subtus rubescente, 
glabra, petiolo supra articulationem minute dense puberulo. 

Scapus nudus (i.e. folio destitutus) semimetralis. Capitulum bracteatum 
terminale, oblongum, bractea externa (vagina sensu K. SCH.) ipso subaequi- 
longa, amplexicauli, ovata, longe acuminata, parte basali subcoriacea, parte 
superiore membranacea, sterili, vaginatum. 

Bracteae fertiles numerosae imbricatae, internodiis brevibus separatae, 
semiamplexicaules spiraliter insertae et sese semiamplectentes, late ovatae 
acutae concavae, parte 1/3 superiore membranacea cito marcescente et 
lacerata. Bracteola praeposita pro quaque bractea singula, parva, lanceolata, 
tenuiter membranacea. Inflorescentiae $speciales 6-florae, e paribus com- 
positae, floribus sessilibus et basi conjunctis, prophyllis mono- bi- et tricarinatis, 
floribus aequilongis, aliisque brevioribus ecarinatis intermixtis. 

Flores modice pedicellati. Ovarium hirsutum. Sepala paullum inaequalia, 
anguste lineari-lanceolata, elongata. Corollae tubus elongatus, sepala aequans. 
Petala spathulato-linearia revoluta. Staminodia externa tria, valde inaequalia, 
unum obovatum apice retusum, margine in vivo recurvo, secundum oblan- 
ceolatum apice rotundatum, praecedenti aequilongum sed multo angustius, 
tertium (labellum sive staminodium callosum) maximum obovatum apice 
rotundatum et recurvum, in vivo complicatum et genitalia includens, peta- 
loideum, parte 1/4 inferiore callosum et excavatum, per anthesin stigma cum 
cucullo appresso fovens, callus parte basali dense sericea. Stamen cucullo 
circ. aequilongum, antherae theca petaloidea oblonga, parva, fertilem paullum 
superans. Stigma generis. Capsula sat magna obovato-trigona, trilocularis 
trisperma vel abortu disperma, pericarpio crasso sublignoso apice 6-sulcato 
et tarde dehiscente. Semina oblonga tegmine leviter corrugato, arillo parvo 
appendiculis insignibus appressis S-forme curvatis. 


340 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 





Die Pflanze besteht aus einem Basalblatte und einem schon am Boden 
aus dem Tragblatte hervortretenden 450 bis 500 mm langen, nackten Blüten- 
stengel. Blattstiel bis 500 mm lang, unbehaart, nur der obere callusartige 
Teil, 60 bis 70 mm lang, am Nodus sehr fein behaart. An dem unteren 
Teil treten beim Trocknen kleine amorphe Conglomerate hervor, die sich 
in Salzsäure nicht lôsen, wodurch der Stiel warzig punktiert erscheint. 
Blattspreite 500 mm bei 150—170 lang, unterseits purpurbraun, oberseits 
dunkelgrün. Das Küpfchen ist eine abgektürzte Aehre, länglich, 60 bis 70 
bei 40 mm lang und besteht aus einer groszen Anzahl spiralig über einander 
gestellter und imbricater fertiler Bracteen, alle zusammen von einer grû- 
szeren, sterilen, amplexicaulen Bractee scheidenfôrmig umhüllt. Letztere ist 
60 bei 30 mm lang, an der Basis wie der Stengel mit sehr dünnen anlie- 
œenden Haaren bekleidet, im unteren Teil fleischig-lederig, im oberen Drittel 
häutig, in eine lange fleischige Spitze ausgehend (Rudiment der Blattspreite). 
Die untere fertile Bractee ist etwa 5 mm über der vorigen inseriert, halb- 
stengeiumfassend, länglich, spitz, concav, im oberen Teil häutig trocken, 
bald der Länge nach zerschlitzt und zerfetzt, 50 mm lang. Die nächstfol- 
genden sind von derselben Gestalt und nehmen nach oben an Grôsze ab, 
die fleischige Achse ist etwa 30 mm lang. Jede Special-Inflorescenz besteht aus 
6 gestielten, dichtgedrängten und nicht oder undeutlich paarweise vereinten, 
cestielten Blüten, welche von zahlreichen 1—2 und 3 mal gekielten Prophylilen 
und kleineren, ungekielten Bracteolen untermischt sind. Die ersteren werden 
sehr bald mazeriert, sodasz nur die Nerven erhalten bleiben während der 
Biüte, sodasz es mir nicht gelungen ist, ihre Zahl und Stellung genau zu 
constatieren, mutmaszlich giebt es deren 12. Die gekielten sind 25 bis 35 mm 
lang, die ungekielten etwas kleiner. Merkwürdig ist, dasz sich ein ähnliches 
kleines, häutiges, lanzettliches, ungekieltes Vorblatt vor der Bractee befindet. 

Die Blütenstiele wechseln zwischen 3 und 10 mm in Länge. Die Blüte ist 
32 mm lang. Der behaarte Eierstock ist 2 mm lang. Die lineal-lanzettfôrmigen 
Sepala sind ungleich, 18 bis 19 mm lang, die Corolla 28 mm lang, die 
unteren 13 mm mit dem Genitaltubus verwachsen. Die Lappen etwa 15 mm 
lang, revolut. Aussere Staminodia und Callusblatt (Labellum) petaloid (Fig. 14), 
das erste obovat, tief emarginat mit abgerundeten Lappen, 10 mm lang und 
5 breit, der Oberrand recurv. Das zweite oblanceolat, abgerundet, 8 mm lang, 
3 mm breit, das dritte (Labellum — Callusblatt, Fig. 2) grosz, petaloid, obovat, 
13 mm lang, 8 breit, es umfasst die Genitalien scheidenfôrmig (Fig. 17) und 
der Oberrand ist recurv, einem Hufeisen ähnlich, das innere untere Viertel 
ist fleischig und an seinem Oberrand frei, es bildet den eigentlichen Callus 
und hat in der Mitte eine Hühlung, in welcher das Stigma eingefasst ist. 
Der untere Teil ist seidig behaart. Der gegen das Stigma angedrückte und 
oleichlange Cucullus ist halb kreisrund und mit dem dicken Stiel etwa 10 mm 
lang; der 5 mm breite Laminateil ist steif, fâcherfôrmig gefaltet und geht 
seitlich in eine nach unten gerichtete Spitze aus (sogenannter Anhang). Das 
Stamen ist zwischen den Cucullus und das kleine Std. gestellt; die Anthera, 
1 mm lang, mit dem seitlichen, ihm in Gestalt ähnlichen, etwas grôszeren, 
petaloiden Anhang, treten gerade über dem Cucullus heraus (siehe Fig. 14.) 


te tite Éd ee ie en dt uns 


_ Th. VALETON: Phrynium obscurum T. et B. 341 





Das Stigma ist cylindrisch, vorn abgestutzt mit einer kleinen gelben Stig- 
mafläche schief nach oben, es biegt sich in der jungen Blüte nach vorn, 
später krümmt es sich nach unten. 

Alle Blütenteile sind weisz, violett-getüpfelt, die Narbe ist rot, die An- 
there gelb. 

Die Frucht ist obovat-dreieckig, 12 X 12, die 3 Klappen sind 1 mm 
dick, hart, fast holzig und verlieren die ursprüngliche Behaarung, die Farbe 
ist hell-rôtlich braun. Die 3, seltener 2, Samen sind schwarz-braun mit 
dünner, quergestreifter Samenhaut, Der kleine, gelbliche, die Unterfläche 
deckende Arillus hat zwei verhältnissmäszig grosze, gekrümmte, mit der 
convexen Seite sich berührende Anhänge. Ob dieselben sich beim Aufspringen 
der Frucht ausbreiten und als Schwellkôrper fungieren, ist nicht beobachtet. 

Diese Art, welche ohne Zweiïfel sehr nahe verwandt ist mit den beiden 
Neu-Guinea-Arten PArynium macrocephalum und pedunculatum K. SCH., 
würde nach der Umschreibung K. SCHUMANNS (siehe I. c. p. 31) nicht zu 
Phrynium gehüren, sondern zu einer neuen Gattung zwischen Afrocalathea 
und Phrynium; das Std. callosum ist nämlich wie bei der ersteren Gattung 
sehr grosz und petaloid; in den sitzenden Blütenpaaren und gestielten 
Blüten jedoch, dem ungleichen Auszen-Staminod, sowie in der Verteilung 


342 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG SÉRIE III, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 








der Prophylla unterscheidet sie sich von beiden Gattungen und scheint 
sich Phacelophrynium K. SCH. zu nähern, welches sich ebenfalls durch. 
den groszen behaarten Callus auszeichnet, sich aber wieder durch die Zahl 
der Auszenstaminodien sowie durch die lockere Inflorescenz unterscheidet. 
Eine neue Untersuchung der noch wenig bekannten Arten PA. maximum 
und longispicum wird vielleicht nähere Beziehungen zwischen diesen Arten 
und den 3 abnormalen Phrynium-Arten anweisen. 


FIGUREN-ERKLARUNG 


Tafel 38. 


Fig. 1: Habitusbild, viele Malesverkleinert. Fig. 2: Inflorescenz, nat. Gr. Fig. 3: 
Dieselbe, im Fruchtzustand. Fig. 4 u. 5: Blüte, nat. Gr. Fig. 6: BI. in der Länge auf- 
geschnitten. Fig. 7: Saum und Sexualorgane, 3 X nat. Gr. Fig. 8: Kelch-Segmente. 
Fig. 9: Bracteen, schon zerfetzt. Fig. 10 u. 11: Kapsel. Fig. 12: Dieselbe, im Querschnitt. 
Fig. 13: Samen. 


Figuren im Text. 


Fig. 14: Limbaiteil der Blüte, zweifach vergrüszert, ein wenig ausgebreitet, man sieht 
die beiden sogen. Auszenstaminodien und rechts das Labellum (Callus-stami- 
nodium), mit der unten und seitiich behaarten Anschwellung in deren 
Hôühlung das Stigma und seitlich das Cucullär-Blatt und einen Teil der Anthere. 

Fig. 15: Das Labellum fiach ausgelegt, dreifach vergr. 

Fig. 16: Genitalien und Cucullärblatt von der Innenseite, Hinter und seitlich von der 
Anthere die gleichgrosze, petaloide, zweite Theke. 

Fig. 17: Das Labellum im natürlichen Stande, hufeisenähnlich gefaltet, die Genitalien 
mit dem Cucullus, welcher das Stigma umfasst, rechts hervor gezogen. Das 
Staubbiatt zeigt die fertile Theke links, die petaloide rechts; links das mittiere, 
schmale Staminodium etwa 3 X vergrôüszert. 

Fig. 18: Das grôüszere der äuszeren Staminodien, etwa 2 X vergrôszert, abgelôst. 

Die Figuren im Text sind von J. BIEGELAAR. Zeichner beim Rijksherbarium zu 

Leiden, angefertigt. 





Bul. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Serie III, Vol. V. 
Th. VALETON: Phrynium obscurum T, et B. 


Tab. 





R.Natadipoera del. 
Phrynium 


obscurum Î. 


et à. 


M.Kromohardjo lith. 


38. 









de x 
ei L , 
{n DUR. % 


J'OUe 1% ia ve 
A L'iRS Ve 











URL if 


Ken 


ALPINIA HULSTIJNII, VAL. nov. spec. 
(Zingiberaceaeae) 
von 


Th. VALETON. 
Mit Tafel 30, 





ALPINIA HULSTIJNIH VAL. n. Sp. 

Herba subglabra erecta. Folia ovata vel oblonga attenuata brevi-acuminata, 
basi in petiolum mediocrem decurrentia, ad summum 290 mm longa. Ligula 
parva biloba lobis rotundatis. Racemus laxiflorus simplex rachi ebracteato, 
floribus brevissime pedicellatis, vulgo irregulariter geminatis albo-roseis. Calyx 
late vaginatus tridentatus pubescens. Corollae tubus brevis lobis linearibus 
apice cucullatis rotundatis erectis. Labellum corollae lobis longius, rhom- 
biformi-obovatum subtrilobum, lobis rotundatis, mediano ante petala exserto 
lateralibus erectis. Stamen petalum excedens, Filamentum lineare. Anthera 
ovata loculis angustis contiguis, appendiculo insigni rotundato concavo, 
ipso multo breviore, stigma inclusum excedente, Staminodia linearia filamento 
paullum breviora, basi illo adnata. 


Kleine, aufrechte Pilanze 400 bis 600 mm hoch (aus Samen gezüchtet). 
Scheinstamm 160 mm, mit einer braunen Scheide nahe der Basis und 
6 gestielten, eiformig-länglichen oberseits dunkelgrünen, sehr glänzenden, 
etwas fleischigen Blättern mit 6—10 Paar oberseits etwas hervortretenden 
Nerven. Hôüchstes Blatt 200 X 70, Blattstiele von oben nach unten 70—20 
mm lang. Ligula-Lappen 5—6 XX 4 mm lang, braun, wie die Innenseite 
des Petiolus. Traube etwa 120 mm lang, 12-blütig, der Hauptstiel von 
einer anschlieszenden Vagina eingeschloszen, die sehr kurzgestielten Blüten 
in Paaren rund um die Axe gestellt. Gemeinsame Bractea mit weiszer 
Scheide und etwa 50 mm langer, schlaffer, blasserüner Lamina. Die Brac- 
teolen sind obsolet oder sehr früh verschwunden. Rachis weisz. Blüte 
30 bis 40 mm lang, aufsteigend, der Kelch scheidenfôrmig, breit 3-zähnig, 
weisz, pubescent, 17 X7 mm. Kronrôhre 8 mm, die weiszen Petalen lineal, 
etwas concav, kürzer als die Lippe und dieser seitlich angedrückt. Dorsales 
Petalum 25 mm, Seitenpetala 20 mm X3—4. Labellum nachenfôrmig mit 
oroszen Seitenlappen, während der Vollblüte (in den Morgenstunden) der 
Mittel-Lappen vorgestreckt, ausgeleot rautenfürmig, stumpfeckig, hellrosa 
mit breitem, weiszem Mittelfeld mit dunkel punktierten Fiederstreifen, 
32 mm X 20, der Blütengrund blaszgelblich. Filament lineal, 20 mm, weisz. 
Staminodien lineal, rot, 15 mm lang, aber zur Hälfte dem Filament 
angewachsen und mit demselben eine breite, behaarte Rinne bildend. Die 
introrse, eifürmige Anthere hat sehr schmale, sich berührende Spalten und 


344 BULLETIN JARD. BOT. BUITENZORG, SÉRIE Ill, VOL. V, LIVR. 4. 








dicke, fleischige Auszenwände. Das dorsale Connectiv endet in eine abge- 
rundete, hohle, eifrmige Crista (Appendicula, SCHUM.) (siehe fig. 8 u. 7). Das 
Staubblatt biegt sich bald nach dem Offnen der Blüte nach vorne gegen das 
Labellum und verschlieszt mit den Seitenlappen den nackten Schlundeingang. 


Vorkommen: Sanana auf der Insel Sula besi, üstlich von Celebes. 
Die Pflanze wurde am 27. Jan. 1915 im Bot. Garten zu Buitenzorg, gesäf, 
und blühte am 26. Nov. zum ersten Male. 


Anm. Diese Art gehôrt mit A Warburgii K. SCH., À. rubricaulis 
K. SCH., À. padacanca VAL. *), und À. versicolor K SCH. zu einer kleinen 
Gruppe soweit bekannt in Celebes endemischer Arten, die in der Gattung 
charakterisiert sind durch die Obliteration der Seitenaxen der Pannikel, 
wodurch die kurzgestielten Blüten direkt an der Hauptaxe inseriert sind, 
meist jedoch wieder in kleinen Complexen au gemeinschaftliicher Basis, oder 
in Pseudowirteln. Die Bracteen der Seitenaxen (Primärbrakteen K. SCHUM.) 
sind zugleicher Zeit gänzlich oder fast gänzlich reduziert, die Gruppe gehôürt 
also in die heterogene Untergattung Probolocalyx (Pflanzenreich, p. 325). 
Die Gruppe zeichnet sich weiter aus durch den groszen, hohlen, unbehaarten 
Antherenanhang und die im Verhältnis groszen, schmalen shoes 
Unsere Art ist mit 4. Warburgii sehr nahe verwandt; dieselbe unterscheidet 
sich hauptsächlich durch die grüszeren Abmessungen sowie durch die Blattform 
und auch durch die kleineren Staminodien. Es kann sein, dasz diese Verschie- 
denheiten bei weiterem Auswachsen der Pflanze verschwinden werden. 
In SCHUMANNS Schlüssel der A/pinia-Arten ist unsere Art in folgender 
Weise einzureihen: 
a Flores solitarii vel spurie geminati: 
B Anflorescentia racemosa vel spicata: 
Il Inflorescentia laxior, flores inter se remoti: 
2 Connectivi appendicula exstans, labellum obovatum (subrhombiforme): 
* Connectivi app. ovata integra, folia utrinque glabra: 
| Folia ad 4 mm longa 50 mm lata lineari-lanceolata longe caudata, 
staminodium parvum . . . . . . . Alpinia Warburgiü. 
2 Folia ad 200 mm longa 70— 55 mini Ia oblongo- vel ovato-lanceolata; 
staminodium elongatum . . . , … . . Alpinia Hulstijnii. 
# Connectivi app. obovata Done nn lanceolata; folia glabra 
margine pilosula 500 mm longa, 120 mm lata: . Alpinia rubricaulis. 


##k_ Connectivi app. lata apice irregulariter dentata; staminodia subulata subin- 
curva folia glabra margine scabro acumine pilosulo ; 2C0 mm longa 35—40 


min data Sr. Jun : . . . | Alpinia padacanca. 
*### Connectivi app. de cut Hnirope subulata; folia subtus 
subtomentosa. . . , . . . . , . . , , . Alpinia versicolor. 


Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. À Warburgii: Nord- 
Celebes bei Eodjong (WARB. 15736!) — À. Hulstijnit: Insel Sula Besi, an 
der Ostküste von Celebes bei Sanana (V. HULSTIJN n. 205!) — À. rubricaulis : 
Celebes bei Tomohon (Vettern SARRASIN n. 202!) — À. padacanca: Ost- 
Celebes bei Punku (BEGUIN n. 988!) — À, versicolor : Celebes bei Masarang 
(Vett. SARRASIN n. 229) und bei Bodjong (WARBURG 15735 !), 


*) Siehe HEYNE ,De nuttige Planten etc.” DI. 1, tweede uitgave 1922). 


Fig. 


19 


"en 


CORRE) 


Th. VALETON: A/pinia Hulstynii Val. 345 





FIGUREN-ERKLARUNG. 
Tafel 39, 


Inflorescenz einer 6 Monate aîten Pflanze. Zur Linken: Scheide des vorletzten 
Biattes, halbe Grüsze. 

Blüte, nat. Gr.: a Eierstock, b Kelch, c linker.Seitenlappen der Corolla, d 
Rückenlappen, e Labellum, f Anthere mit der Appendicula und dem Stigma, 
g Staminodium, 

Blüte von der Rückenseite, nat. Gr. é Seitenlappen des Labellum, 

Blüte nach Fortnahme der Seitenlappen, nat. Gr.; p.d. Dorsallappen; st. Sta- 
minodien, nat. Gr. 

Kelch von der Rückenseite, nat. Grüsze. 

Labellum ausgebreitet, nat. Grüsze. 

Stamen mit Stilus und Staminodien, 2 X. 

Oberer Teil des Stamen, 2 X, 


9- 10. Anthere in einem jungen und älteren Stadium, 2 


ile 


; Stigma, 5 X. 





ee" 








Bul. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Serie Ill, Vol. V. 


Th. VALETON: Alpinia Hulstijnii Val. Tab. 59. 





R.Natadipoera del. M. Kromoherdje lith. 


Alpinia Hulstünii Val. 








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