SMITHSONIAN
LIBRARIES
* Jf a §.
sm Hi P
ie r - f
ae =e a ’
7 i , — |
2 We wy
7 be ~ z= ‘s WAse\’y
on” ' . —
.1ES SMITHSONIAN
NVINOSHLIWS
ISNI_ NVINOSHLIWS
~~)
PS.
IES SMITHSONIAN
Rote
NOILNLILSNI
z a
- wD
= >
ae =
z | as
LSNI NYINOSHLIWS
a w
Aa
Lg S
w
‘ a
Ca =
=
Ww)
-1ES SMITHSONIAN
- un
uw : =
o . ~
<}
: :
~ o
oll in
LSNI NVINOSHLIWS
- z
oO eG
a» NS a. an
> . Ws hus
> WAV =
= fw
w aoe
[ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Pn
-
HSONIAN
oo
Yl
JOSHLIWS
SON
<4 a
a
LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
NVINOSHLIW
S3INVYAIT LIBRARIES
INSTITUTION
a :
Np »” i
~*~ SROG. e =
* = ~t b ba ’
1 &
; SS ae i
$3 ¢ YS ;
. i * >
af 44 4 - «. a
® a ) J
* A
' ; p
INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI
"k an
“INSTITUTION. NOILALI.
A td
SAIYVYUSITLIBRARIES
INSTITUTION
= .
=
=
ro
>
=
on
=
Ww)
NOILNLILSNI
wo”
li
Le
x
om
©
ear
S3iu¥vyugdsii
OSHLIWS
SaluVvVudaIT LIBRARIES
NOILNLILSNI
NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS
INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI
Y .
saluvua
HSONIAN
LIBRARIES
NVINOSHLINS S31uvusit
SMITHSONIAN
SMITHSONIAN _INSTIT
NVINOSHLIWS
Wr
A 7
11 LIBRARIES
nN
‘
‘+
kd “ r- ¥ \
= = 4
UTIO
“4a le ; > ’ i
. a Ee lh ae
SMITHSONIAN | I! T
|
4 6
'
a |
f
ee
in ,
Tip a
= 5!
t :
as . i ,
‘ 7
INSTITU
saiuva
INSTITUT
NVINOSHLINS S3tuVvut
OSHLIWS
oc
s s a
" a >
AY = 2
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI
aes em 2
ie ; < =
= 4
e) oe
s|
oy
LIBRARIES
*
S31uVUGIT LIBRA
NVINOSHLINS S31uVug
*
A
NVINOSHLIWS
NOILNLILSNI
- fe
: _NVINOSHLIWS S3!1YVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTI(
NVINOSHLINS S31luvug
£ ul a
po. oc =
5 ce =
= : 5
3S = °
7 : a =a
ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI
ez z= -
oe a 2
4\ a oo | a
) ES > re
BS o -
- aa no
2. = “ w 2
SNI_ NVINOSHLI
SNI_ NY WS S3lMVaaITLIBRARIES
JE = ES Ws
a anf WAY QO
— : es NS
B = ae = ‘Ye
ES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI
££ a
e :
oc war a
= 3 ei
= ont
‘
fi
. 4
WSS
Y ASS
SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION
Es
\
HSONIAN
SAluYvVudiT LIBRARIES
SaJIuvyugi
INSTITUTION
SC
OSHLINS
Ay =O
NOIMLNLILSNI
Nd ff
_
°
INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI
HSONIAN
NVINOSHLINS S31uvual
=
o
-~
pee |
=
Ke
w~
. £
SMITHSONIAN
NVINOSHILIWS
SSS,
a
SMITHSONIAN.
Saluyvugli
LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTI
Sa1uvug
INSTITUTI!
NVINOSHLINS S3IYVus
OSHLIWS
ar
‘Bulletin Se
ee |
3 PAGE
Serpents of northeastern United
States. Epwin C. ECKEL
SeeeeeectiOn «2522. 2.2 2. ew ane - 356
Beeteretie list <.--- +... --..0.-----— 357
Classification and nomenclature..... 359
_ Venomous and nonvenomous
- Nomenclature of the scales....... 361
RIN 8-3 222s ace sone 362
asDENCK I HL Mennite Director
7
CATALOGUE
EDWIN C. ECKEL
os 3 | AND 7
FREDERICK C, PAULMIER Ph.D.
Anatomic characters.........---. 360
Ee ace aap aercces sacs SOL
~
ApEU A002 6 yi Pia
REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS
PAGE
Disttibution (continued)
Color key to species...........-. 365
Specific descriptions Colubridae... 366
Specific descriptions Crotalidae.... 385
Lizards, tortoises and batrachians
of New York. F.C, PAULMIER
Tiroduction: 25-2 5c =~» scale 389
Mescriptions-...-~- ewer teen oo eee 390
Plater Metamorphoses of Ba-
{FACHIA. 2 os wane = moe tne CIE Gee
Di eee eon ao cd wa cee ene 363 | Collecting and preparing........... 407
Key to genera..............-... MAD ERO oc widen iene naire’, ai BOE fo pin ae 410
ALBANY IG367T
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
_ M89m-Jez—1500
1902
Price 15 cents
| oe
ts Pe - by
i
Pye
%
rely
RUA SD £8t eel
be se ae
¥,
ue 4
ey ee
bay Cuares E. rirce LL.B. eee 4.H.D.
1878 WHITELAW REID M.A. LL.D. | ie eek Sao
1881 Wittiam H. Watson M.A. LL.D. MD. —.
1881 Henry E, Turner LL.D. -° - =e
1883 St CLarr McKetway M.A. L.H.D. LL. D.
1885 DanreL BeacH Ph.D, LL.D. - —-
1888 CaRROLL E. SmitH LL.D. - = =
890 Puiny T. Sexton LL.D. - & - -—
1890 T. GuitrorpD SmitH M.A. C.E, LL.D. -
“1893 Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D. M.D.
1895 ALBERT VANDER VEER Ph.D. M.D. -
1895 CHARLES R. SKINNER M.A. LL.D.
Superintendent of Public Instruction, €
1897 CHESTER S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - - -- 9 = Brookly ,
1897 Tiwotay L. WooprurF M.A. Lieutenant-Governor, e eX Oo
1899 JoHN T. McDonoucH LL.B. LL.D. Secretary of hag
1900 THomas A. Henprick M.A. LL.D. — - ele Fs a
1901 BENJAMIN B. OpELL yR_ LL.D. Governor, ex officio. “oi
zpor Ropert C. Pkuyn M.A. - —. . - %— — Albany ed
1902 WILLIAM NoTTiIncHAM M.A. Ph.D. - - -— Syracuse aa
fom -
«
SECRETARY ;
Elected by Regents 3 %
1900 JAMES RusSELL Parsons JR M.A, ; 4
DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS
1888 Mrtvic Dewey M.A, State Library and Home Education
18g0 JAMES RUSSELL Parsons JR M.A.
Administrative, College and High School Depts
1890 FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Ph.D. State Museum .
~ University of the State of New York 0
ew York State Museum
Freperick J. H. Mrerrizyt Director
Bulletin 51 April 1902
CATALOGUE OF
NEW YORK REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS
PREFACE
Since the publication, by James E. De Kay,! of his report on the
zoology of New York in 1842, and by Spencer F. Baird,’ of the
report on the serpents of New York state, great changes have been
made in the nomenclature and classification of the reptiles and batra-
chians, and a number of new species and subspecies have been
added to our fauna. The works named are, moreover, practically
unobtainable, and no popular discussion of the subject is at present
in print. The groups here treated are, in consequence, much less
familiar to the general student than are the birds and mammals.
In view of these facts, it seemed desirable for the New York state
museum, in pursuance of its definite policy of placing at the disposal
of the citizens of this state trustworthy guides to the various biologic
groups, to issue a catalogue of the New York species of reptiles and
batrachians as at present known, accompanied by descriptions sufii-
cient to make it possible for nonspecialists to identify these species.
At the request of the director, this work was undertaken by the
authors of the two papers published in the present bulletin.
Information regarding the occurrence and distribution of the
various species is much to be desired; and local faunal lists would
be of much value in this connection, while specimens sent to the
state museum will be identified. Freperick J. H. Mrrriny
‘De Kay, James E. Zool. N. Y. v. 3, pt 3, 1842.
* Baird, Spencer F. Serpents of New York. N. Y. state cab. nat. hist. 7th
an. rep’t. 1854.
$nelading'only suet
Pie Yen 0: ¢ Now York eat, tg ther with such
could, from occurrences in sdjoiin ns 28, be re
to occur here. A. preliminary check list, prepa:
the author, and published recently in the Amer rica
tained 25 species and subspecies. This list w
of which fact no one was more conscious hed
was the first attempt to formulate such a catalog i
of 1854. mee:
De Kay, in 1842, described 15 species of snakes 5 00
this state. To this list Gebhard added a sixteent ae
occipitomaculata) in 1851, and a seventeenth (S ¢
catenatus catenatus) in 1853. The present “ist n
species as inhabitants of New York state, one of these s hov
ever being represented by six subspecies. One addition a e “species
(Coluber vulpinus) is added because of a single o¢
Massachusetts; while the three remaining species have k
in Pennsylvania or New Jersey, but not in New York,
The total number of species and subspecies here described is 28
and the catalogue, as now issued, includes every species and s
species authentically recorded from that portion of the Un ited
States lying north of Maryland and east of Ohio. Two additions
may have to be made to this list in the near future. It is probable
that some more southern representative of Osceola doliata
than O.d. triangula will be found to occur in New Jersey or
Pennsylvania ; tite there is a possibility that some of the Ohio :
specimens (from Lake Erie) identified as Natrix tadeinial
erythrogaster may really prove to be of that subspecies. t
As noted later in this bulletin, I am greatly indebted to Messrs
H. D. Reed of Cornell university, and W. Seward Wallace of New
York, for hitherto unpublished data which they have placed at
.
“wi
be
te Re err ee
__ SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 857
my disposal. Mr Reed has further aided me by seriding specimens
m several localities in this state. It seems proper to point. out:
here that Mr Wallace, in securing Cyclophis aestivus and
Pityophis melanoleucus near Nyack N. Y., has made the
first real addition to our local faunal list since 1853.
_ All the figures in this bulletin save those on pl. 1 are duplicates
-of those used in Cope’s Crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North
America, and are available for use here through the courtesy of the
secretary of the United States national museum.
| Reference list
q The following list is not inany way complete, but it contains all faunal lists,
relating to the area under consideration, noticed by the author. Several of the
more important general works on American herpetology have been added
because of localities given in their texts; and, in addition, certain papers by
oepe have been cited because of their bearing on the matter contained in the
section on variation. For explanation of asterisks, see p. 389.
a
The works are referred to in the bulletin by author and date.
*Abbott, C.C. °68. Catalogue of the vertebrate animals of New Jersey. Geol.
N. J. p. 801-3.
*Allen, Glover M. ’99. Notes on the reptiles and batrachians of Intervale,
New Hampshire. Bost. soc. nat. hist. Proc. 29 : 63-75.
*Allen, J. A. ’69. Catalogue of the reptiles and batrachians found in the
| vicinity of Springfield, Mass.: with notices of all the other species known to
, inhabit the state. Best. soc. nat. hist. Proc. 12 : 171-204.
Baird, Spencer, F. °54. On the serpents of New York; with a notice of a
species not hitherto included in the fauna cf the state. N. Y. state cab.
nat. hist. 7th an. rep’t, p. 95-124.
*Bicknell, E. P. ’82. Review of the summer birds of a part of the Catskill
mountains, with prefatory remarks on the faunal and floral features of the
region. Linn. soc. N. Y. Trans. 1 : 113-68.
*Cope, Edward Drinker. ’75. Check list of North American Batrachia and
Reptilia. U.S. nat. mus. Bul. 1, p. 104.
92. Critical review of the characters and variations of the snakes of
North America. U.S. nat. mus. Proc: 14 : 589-694.
——— ’93. Thecolor variations of the milk snake. Am. nat. 27 :1066-71, pl.
;
:
y
XXiV-XXVii.
—— 796. [Variationsin Osceola doliata] Primary factors of organic
evolution. N. Y. p. 29-41, fig. 2-11.
*——— 1900. Crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. U. S. nat.
mus. Rep’t. 1898. p. 153-1270, pl. 1-36.
*De Kay, James E. 42. Natural history of New York; Zoology of New
York. v. 3, pt 3, Reptiles and amphibia. 2v. Alb.
in New York state] N. Y. state cab. as
sae aes J. E. "42. North American herpetology
ee Franklin B, °52. Catalogue of. reptiles and
rence county, procured for the state cabinet of r ¥ “ ist
B. Hough. N. Y. state cab. nat. hist. Sth an. rep't, | P-
*Jordan, David S. ’99. Manual of the vertebrate ¢ nimal
United States. Chicago. 1899.
*Kirtland, Jared P. ’38. Report on the zoology of Ohies,
an. rep’t. p. 155-200. i far S
*Linsley, James H. ‘44. Catalogue of the reptiles of Connectic
jour. sci. Istser. 46:37-51.
*Macauley, James. °29. [Serpents of New York state] ral, civil
statistical history of the state of New York, ete James Maca ey. 38yv. O
1:441, 518-17. yet
*MacKay, A. H. °96. Reptiles and takraeisiee of Nova Boas
Scotian inst. of sci. Proc. ix : xli-xliii. : -
*Mearns, Edgar A. ’98. A study of the vertebrate fauna of t
highlands, Am. mus. nat. hist. Bul. 10; 303-52. ta
—-— ’99. Notes on the mammals of the Catskill mountains, New York, w
general remarks on the fauna and flora of the region. U. 8. nat mus,
Proc. 21 : 341-60.
*Morse, Max. 1901. Ohio reptiles in the Ohio state university rologcat
museum. Ohio naturalist. 1 : 126-28. 3. DJ
*Nelson, Julius. ‘90. Descriptive catalogue of the vertebrates of New Jersey oa
State geol. N. J. Final rep’t. v. 2, pt 1, p. 643-48. 2%
Putnam, F.W. °65. [On the species of the genus Eutaenia B. &G Bost.. 3
sec. nat. hist. Proc. 9: 60-62. ,
——— ’66. [Occurrence of worm snake in New England] Essex inst. Proc.
iv : lxxxiii-lxxxiv. ca
*Reed, H. D. 1901. Notes on the snakes of the vicinity of Ithaca, N. Y.
(Manuscript placed at my disposal by the author)
*Smith, David 8. C. H. °33. [Catalogue of the] Reptilia [found in Massachu-—
setts] Rep’t geol. Mass. 1833. p. 552, 2d ed. 1835, p. 584.
*Smith, W. H. ’82. Report onthe reptiles and amphibians of Ohio. O. geol- —
sur. Rep’t. v.4. Zoology and botany, p. 629-734.
of (ons
s of -
we r +7 a:
P
a}
wa
is
7
«
é
“>
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 359
‘Stejneger, Leonhard. ’95. Poisonous snakes of North America. U. 8S. nat.
- mus. Rep’t. 1898. p. 337-487, pl. 1-19.
-——— 1901. Eckel’s Snakes of New York. Am. nat. 35 : 428.
-*Storer, D. H. ’39. Reports on the fishes, reptiles and birds of Massachusetts.
Bost. p. 221-34. 7
‘*Thompson, Zadock. ’42. [Serpentsof Vermont] History of Vermont, natu-
ral, civil and statistical, by Zadock Thompson. p. 115-19.
*Verrill, A. E. ’65. Catalogue of the reptiles and batrackians found in the
2 vicinity of Norway, Oxford co. Maine. Bost. soc. nat. hist. Proc. ix : 195-99.
69. [Note on occurrence in Connecticut and Massachusetts of Aucis-
trodon contortrix] Bost. soc. nat. hist. Proc. xii: 249.
Wallace, W.S. 1901. Snakes of Rockland co., N. Y. Trans. Linn. soc.
N. Y:
Placed at my disposal, in manuscript form, by the author, and as yet unpublished.
CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE
The paper here presented is designed for general use, and is
issued as a guide to our local species of serpents, with a view to
_ obtaining farther data concerning the occurrence, frequency and
_ variations of these species in different parts of the area under con-
‘sideration. In order to popularize the subject as far as possible,
certain changes from the usual form of presentation have been
_ adopted.
In giving the specific descriptions, synonymic lists have been
omitted, and the scientific names under which each species is
described by De Kay (42) and Jordan (799) respectively have
been added. Im addition to an artificial generic key of the com-
mon type, based on structural characters of more or less moment,
a highly artificial key to the species, based so far as possible on
tint and pattern of coloration, has been devised; which will be
of service in determinations of living specimens.
Prof. Cope’s grouping and terminology, as fully developed in his
last work (Cope. 1900) on North American serpents, have been
strictly adhered to. This close following of what will undoubtedly
be for many years the standard general work on the subject, seemed
desirable in a paper such as the present, purely preliminary in its
nature, though the author’s views on several of the forms treated
are widely at variance with those advanced by Prof. Cope.
To the scientific name of each species, has been added that one
of its common names which seems to be in most general nse, or
entirely wanting, or very rt entary y 17 ou
eae eee =e |
ligaments or muscles only, and possessing ae g
of motion. External ears are lacking; as are eyelids,
protected by an immovable layer of inate
is shed with the skin. The tongue is forked, capab
and retractible into a sheath. Teeth are always ; = 1
palatine bones and jaws. The digestive and respiratory
like the general form, much elongated. The nao
etc.) are rarely bilaterally symmetric, one of the pene
rudimentary or wanting. The stomach is a simple er
the digestive canal. is 2 :
The snakes form a very compact and call marked 2 >, easily
separable by external characters from the nearest relat - od foe rms..
Among the lizards, it is true, certain serpentiform species 0 0 yen 1Y,
but not within the region covered by this paper. Sates fi
But little definite information is at hand concerning the bi e ai
habits of our snakes, even of the more common species. ss is.
known that certain species are oviparous (laying eggs) while 0 2 +
are ovoviviparous (the egg being developed and the young hateb nas
before exclusion from the body of the mother). From the scanty
data obtainable it seems probable that the New York species belong-
ing to the genera Coluber, Zamenis,C yclophis, Liopeltis,
Osceola and Ophibolus are all oviparous; while in those of
Storeria, Natrix, Eutaenia, Ancistrodon, Sistrurus
and Crotalus the young are brought forth alive, owing to an
early breaking of the eggshell. The manner of birth of the
species of Diadophis, Carphophiops and Pityophis is”
unknown; and it seems possible that in Heterodon platy-
rhinus both forms of birth may occur.
-
‘SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 361
Venomous and nonvenomous snakes
- Of the species occurring within the area here discussed, only
three are venomous. These are the banded, or northern rattlesnake
‘(p. 387); the massasauga, or prairie rattlesnake (p. 386); and the
‘copperhead (p. 385). The three venomous species are closely
‘related, all belonging to the family of Crotalidae, or pit-vipers,
“marked by the presence of erectile poison fangs on the upper jaw
and by the presence of a deep pit between the eye and the nostril.
The head is more or less markedly triangular in outline, and sepa-
rated from the body by a relatively constricted neck. The rattles
of the two species of rattlesnakes are of course an unmistakable
characteristic. The copperhead bears no such distinguishing mark,
-and is frequently confused with the harmless hog-nosed snake, or
blowing adder (p. 368), the water snake (p. 377) and occasionally even
with the familiar milk snake (p. 374). A careful reading of the
“descriptions and inspection of the cuts given of these species, and
comparison with those of the copperhead will make the points of
difference clear.
_ Much attention has naturally been paid to the Crotalidae by
American authors, and numerous papers on the subject have been
published. By far the most valuable and comprehensive work on
the venomous snakes of North America is that by Dr Leonhard
Stejneger (95), curator of reptiles and batrachians at the United
States national museum, to which the reader is referred for a very
detailed discussion of our poisonous snakes.
\
— — ae
es aes
\
4
i
¢,
i
MX?
2)
nh
My
a
3
“)
‘
J
})
$
"es
ge
v7)
7
RE
()
‘a
rH)
tas
g
»
ry
4
t
\)
y,
Fig. 1 Illustrating nomenclature of the head scales of serpents
Nomenclature of the scales
Certain terms frequently used in describing the characters of the
species require definition here.
The vertical or frontal plate (v) is the central, shield-shaped plate
Oe es
piusiertatals a); those in f eye are th
oculars or anteorbitals (ao), i in ee = phi
Between the loreal and the rostral, and inclo: ng
the nasal plates (m). The superior labials: x
jaw; the inferior labials (not marked in aeuehie r
jaw. The temporal plates lie between the euperioe Ie
occipitals. er
The plates on the under side of the body, front he. =
vent, are the abdominal plates, or gastrosteges ; those f |
to the end of the tail are the subcaudal plates, or urc ‘
anal plate is that immediately anterior to the vent. ; mé
entire, or divided by a longitudinal parting ; and this difference is o1
value in the determination of the various snakes, as will be seen t
reference to the artificial key to the genera (p. 364). Th ;
“sealesin . . . rows,” will often be found in the specific deser’
the number of rows referred to in such case being the nam
longitudinal rows of scales, excluding the abdominal series. |
~ spe es
or carinate scales show a ridge on the median line. p'
aby sl ,
Variation fo 4
Of late years much attention has been paid by naturalists to t
subject of variation in animals, and certain relations between col
variations and geographic distribution seem to be well oot ae a
Certain species of snakes show variations in color and color pat-
tern to a remarkable degree, notable examples of this being the
common garter snake and the familiar, though somewhat scarcer,
milk snake. Prof. E. D. Cope paid particular attention to the vari-
ations in these species, and has discussed the subject in a long series
of papers several of which are cited in the accompanying reference
list (p. 357). As noted earlier in this bulletin (p. 359) the grouping —
adopted in the present paper follows the views which he advanced
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES - BBD
in his last discussion (Cope. 1900) of the forms mentioned. It
would seem, however, that of the species occurring within the area
here considered Eutaenia sirtalis and Osceola doliata
and, to a somewhat less degree, Natrix fasciata, require care-
ful revision. With the scanty material at hand this is not possible
at present for even the: New York forms of those species, but a few
“very general notes will be found among the specific descriptions.
_ Melanism, more or less complete, has been noted briefly under
the two of our species which seem to be most subject to it. In
j Heterodon platyrhinus (p. 368) the black coloration has
undoubtedly no systematic importance. In regard to Natrix
fasciata sipedon (p. 377), however, the case is somewhat differ-
j ent, as it would seem probable that in New York and New England
_ specimens the darker coloration is general and not merely individual
in its nature.
a DISTRIBUTION
But little is known concerning the distribution throughout the
state of the species here described. This lack of knowledge is par-
ticularly unfortunate because the reptiles, owing to their relatively
_ low degree of mobility and restricted individual range would cer- —
tainly seem to offer a much better basis for the definition of the
faunal zones of any area than the birds or mammals. Local faunal
lists giving details regarding the occurrence and abundance of the
various species in different localities are therefore much to be
desired. Such information on this subject as is now at hand has
been appended to the specific descriptions. These brief notes are
based on published papers by Dr Edgar A. Mearns (98, 799),
R. L. Ditmars (96) and the author (1901); and on a manuscript
list (1901) of the species found near Ithaca N. Y., which has been.
very kindly placed at my disposal by H. D. Reed, of Cornell uni-
versity. A paper on the snakes of Rockland co. N. Y. (soon to be
published in the transactions of the Linnaean society of New York)
has also been placed in my hands in manuscript by its author,
W. Seward Wallace, for use in the present bulletin. It will be
noted that nearly all our information, therefore, relates to the
eastern and more particularly the southeastern portion of the state.
With the exception of Mr Reed’s notes, I have only scattered
data on occurrences in the central and northern portions of the state,
‘The ip ee. artificial key to ‘the f ni
yp of snakes occurring in the area
structural characters, often of slight systemat -
— closely the lines of the generic key in Jordan (
COLUBRIDAE Mor ele | ae
A. No pit between eye and nostril; upper jaw with small teeth;
stricted; head more or less oeres top of head covered wit
in general, slender er)
a Dorsal scales carinated
1) Anal plate entire el
a) Scales in 19-21 roWS.............eeeee0/22. Butaeni
b) Scales in 27-81 rows.......... te yy beam Nec
2) Anal plate bifid
a) Scales in 15-17 rows
* Tail one third or more of total length. C ye Loh
** Tail less than one third of total length.. Storeri
b) Scales in 19-27 rows
* Rostral recurved; scales in 25 rows... Heterodon
** Rostral not recurved; gastrosteges less ar
than 170.00. 0. asheh secur aaa ee Natrix(p.
*** Rostral not recurved; gastrosteges Se “en
More ShAWLTO. Son she cee he ee Coluber(p. 371) f
b Dorsal scales smooth 3)
1) Anal plate entire i a
a) Head flattened. ... 0.5.5 050.0% awk sees ere Osceola (p. 374)
>): Head conical § 060.05. ce FFs ue oee ee Ophibolus(p. 375):
2) Anal plate bifid =
a) Scales in'l7 Trows,.6 66s 4s eae eee Zamenis (p. 370). —
b) Scales in 13 rows; head not distinct.. Carp hophiops (p. 366)
c) Scales in 15 rows; superior labials 8....... Diadophis (p. 367) i
d) Scales in 15 rows; superior labials 7........ Liopeltis (p. 369) —
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 365-
ees erie A Fo: CROTALIDAE .
B. Deep pit between eye and nostril; upper jaw with erectile poison fangs; form.
. stout; head more or less triangular; neck constricted; subcaudals entire
¢ Tail with larger rattle; top of head covered with small
RRM ted, oo, os Sais nine Seka ta SATE EN ae enae tUes Crotalus (p. 387):
Color key to species
The author has prepared a purely artificial key, based almost
entirely on color and pattern, which is here appended. As it does.
- not require handling of the specimen, it furnishes a convenient.
means of identifying live specimens whose specific character is in
doubt. The numbers at the right refer to the similarly numbered.
specific descriptions which begin on p. 366 of this bulletin.
Owing to the great variation in color and pattern sometimes.
shown by individual specimens, identifications made by means of any
_key based purely on these characters must not be accepted as deci-
sive, but should be verified by reading over the characters given in
_ the specific descriptions, under the head of that species to which the
key seems to point; and by careful comparison of the specimen
with the figure given for each species.
@ Color of back uniform; no marked spots, blotches or stripes
SeMRREENE S SUMICHOAINOOUN > 4.0/5 5 015 84 oe oa a ointe Ke ake gu E boos be Rese ee 4
Seples Tews eect ep ements ane CAS ae ee os Oe kn 5:
Semen ete MOMIEATLCE MATKINES: 1s inches ave od pa ods eVelvenechsened 6
Ramiessemles: wiANbe-GU CCG jos, oroims = are c nes ooocb ones ces ee 8:
Conspicuous yellowish neck ring........ ce... e- ee eee 2:
Color reddish brown; below pink; head not distinct from body......... 1
Color chestnut brown; below pink; head distinct from body..... oan oe
PSE PAV NOE in oar ckde a cin i < Hapa ca o.aiemed a 16.
6 Striped longitudinally; with or without additional spots
emeeecly Paola WERTH |THE =SPOtS. 22. ec pk tae c eens censoes 14
Brown and yellow; no spots; abdomen unicolor; very slender.. 18
Olivaceous and yellow or brown; dark spots on back and sides
OS PE AP gs do at ee 2 20:
Greenish brown and brown; below reddish yellow, with dark
ME elle pcr iat gio fel terete away dicts» w., dien sig ses tpleedad ave en sass 13
¢ Spotted, blotched or transversely banded above
1) No rattle; head tapering into neck and body, not triangular
_ Color brownish, with darker blotches; top of head ¢
yellowish, with dark spots. ....°......-se«ccoceuae
3) Tail terminating in a rattle; head very diitinct rians
: constricted + ae
Head covered with many small scales... . we we
Head with a few large plates..... .... aan 'cor eae an ws ow
A. COLUBRIDAE |
Top of head covered with plates; no pit between eye ¢ nd 1 1 no
upper jaw with normal (solid) teeth, no poison fangs ; m ck
markedly constricted; head more or less elongate ;
divided. Species all harmless.
1 Carphophiops amoenus (Say)
Worm snake —
De Kay, Calamaria amoena pen =
Jordan, Carphophiops amoenu
Head small, not distinct y
marked off from body, frontal
plate hexagonal, nearly as broad
as long. Tail short, tapering to”
a point. Seales all smooth, in 13
rows. .
Above bright chestnut brown,
very glossy; beneath, bright sal-—
Fig. 2 Carphophiops amoenus mon color.
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 86T
_ “Found under stones and logs.” De Kay. 42
«6 Rare around Nyack. I have seen but one specimen, taken im
1899 at Blauveltville, Rockland co. N. Y.” Wallace. 1901
a Probably occurs quite commonly in all the northeastern states.
detection, however. It is commonly found under stones or logs, or
in fields during plowing.
2 Diadophis punctatus (Linn.)
Ring-necked snake
De Kay. Coluber punctatus
Jordan. Diadophis punctatus
Head much depressed, flattened above; snout rounded ; body slen-
der; tail tapering. Scales in 15 rows.
Bluish black above, with a
yellow or yellowish white ring
about neck ; yellowish beneath,
sometimes with spots. Length
18 inches.
“Found in every part of
the state. Common under i
rocks and stones, and fre- = Bat
=a FES
(ire) HOR Ss |
quently seen under the bark Wow CHES
of decayed trees.” De Kay, ; eo
"49, p. 40
“Quite numerous.” Mearns. °98, p. 326
“Rare (near Ithaca).” Reed. 1901
“Quite frequent in Rockland county. I captured a single speci-
men at Coldspring Harbor, Long Island, in August, 1899.” Wal-
lace. 1901 |
This snake may be common in southeastern New York, but it is
rarely seen. I have secured but a single specimen in that region,
taken in June 1901 near Fishkill village, Dutchess co. N. Y.
Fig. 3 Diadophis punctatus
2
ec
es
C >
Ss %
SS
(j
&. }
Ss
=<
PQS
Fig. 4 Heterodon platyrhinus
mon. They are recorded by Cope from Scarboro, Weste ste
and have been taken by R. L. Ditmars in Sullivan county. ; Bs
“Rather common in the southern parts of sake
De Kay. °42 :
* One of our common snakes” in the Highlands. Mew ai =
p- 327 | !
“ Very common in sandy regions in Orange county and sout!
‘Westchester county.” ekel. 1901, p. 152 Af Se
“Not at all common in Rockland county.” Wadlace. 1901 ir.
This species, though entirely harmless, is commonly regarded as
venomous. When annoyed it flattens the anterior portion of i
body, and hisses vigorously. Comparison of the above specific —
description and figures with those of the copperhead (p. ci will,
show the numerous points of difference. sf
7 , green ; yellowish to yellowish green beneath. Length 20
somewhat smaller species than Cyclophis aestivus from
icl ‘it is distinguished by its scales being smooth and in 15 rows,
" as by having a proportionately shorter tail. Fier #2
amon in many parts of the state. De Kay ’42, states that it
s “very common in the marshes about Salina and Cayuga.”
“ Specimens taken on Staten Island, N.Y.” Ditmars. ’96, p. 14
“Still common in the Highlands.” Mearns. 798, p. 326
© More common, I believe, in Orange county than east of the Hud-
jon.” Eckel. 1901, p. 152 - :
-“ § number of specimens taken at Ithaca.” Peed. 1901
“Quite common in Rockland county.” Wallace. 1901 —
_ Specimens were taken by Baird near Westport, Essex co., and
several have been sent to the state museum recently from Ausable
Forks, Essex co. The species has been recorded as far north as
Nova Scotia. (MacKay. ’96.)
“4 5 Cyclophis aestivus (Linn.)
a Rough green snake
De Kay. Leptophis aestivus
Jordan. Opheodrys aestivus
Head distinct; body slender. Scales strongly carinated, in 17
rows. Tail more than one third length of body.
_ Bright green above; light yellow below. Length 30 inches.
_ Distinguishedfrom Liopeltis vernalis, our only other snake
reg
D)
3
letter to me states that he does “ not believe it to be rare, t i
is not often seen, owing to its small size and secretive habit
view of these records it is probable that the species will
occur in all the other southeastern counties, or at least
chester county and on Long Island.
6 Zamenis constrictor (Linn.)
Black snake
De Kay. Coluber constrictor
Jordan. Bascanion constrictor
Head distinct ; body elongate. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. C d or.
in adult: lustrous pitch-black above; beneath, greenish black to
Fig. 7 Zamenis constrictor
>
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES BY a
ellow. Young, olive, with darker dorsal blotches. Length 50-60
nches.
_ “Formerly extremely abundant, now fairly so. A specimen taken
May 25, 1883, measured 58 inches in length.” Mearns. °98, p. 326
_ “A very common species, both relatively and absolutely, in south-
eastern New York.” Lckel. 1901, p. 152
_ The department records show no evidence of a black snake having
been taken in the vicinity of Ithaca since 1883. In all my collect-
ing about here, for the past three years, I have never seen or heard
of one. If any have been taken recently, the fact has not come to
our notice. teed. 1901
_ “Very common in Rockland county, attaining a large size.”
Wallace. 1901 | ?
4 7 Coluber vulpinus (B. & G.)
fou snake
i. Jordan. Callopeltis vulpinus
| Rostral broad ; vertical plate broader than long. Scales in 27
. ows (or occasionally 25); the nine dorsal rows carinated.
ag
Sea ae ee,
ti
Fig. 8 Coluber vulpinus
Ground color above light brown, with a series of broad, transverse,
quadrate, chocolate blotches; below yellowish white, with a series
of subquadrate, black blotches on edge of abdomen, opposite to
those of the dorsal series. Length 60 inches.
Included here because of one specimen, described by J. A. Allen
Wn 9 ’
is 4%, *
;
:
‘ 4 2
js uy ©
— 7 ys ’ — ie Pn
a . i. , eS :
.& 19 er ow” 75 Jordan.
) +4 _
mon; nowrare.” J
98, p. 887
“Occurs in Oran;
county (and probably ¢
of the Hudson), t
much scarcer than !
menis cons
Eckel. 1901. p.1
,
5 ¢
Chittenango, by D. G.
Gates, Ap. 27, 1889. A |
specimen 150 em long ca or
tured alive at Newfield,
was sent to Cornell uni-
Fig. 9 Coluber obsoletus obsoletus versity in August 1 8 99.”
Reed. 1901
“Occurs in Rockland county.” Wallace. 1901
ig
SERPENTS.OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES © 373 -
9 Pityophis melanoleucus (Daudin)
Pine snake
De Kay. Pituophis melanoleucus
Jordan. Pituophis melanoleucus
ead short, elevated; rostral plate compressed and narrowed
bove. Scales in 27 to 31 rows, all save the outer four rows on each
de being keeled. a
5
te
| \
OS
VEEN
Fig. 10 Pityophis melanoleucus
Head spotted with black; color above whitish, with a series of
chestnut brown blotches, margined with black; abdomen yellowish.
Length 60 inches.
“J have seen but one of these snakes in Rockland county (on
allman’s mountain, near Nyack, at an elevation of about 500 feet
A.!’.), but it is said to be quite common in the county.” Wadllace.
190) 1
Mr Wallace’s record is of great interest inasmuch as it verifies,
ba *
af Ee ably
ae a be ex] ;
re ss ie : s, : he ft
from ashen to leat es but pret pearin
5a
spaces between the brown to reddish ity
the back. Length 30-50 inches be a
Osceola doliata is one of our most variab
subject can not well be discussed in the present b
reader is referred to Prof. Cope’s papers, the mo re.
which are cited in the accompanying reference 2 .
presentation of his views. The subspecies next ¢
familiar milk snake —is the only form of Osceo ol
occurring in New York. Several specimens in the state m
however, taken near Albany N. Y. agree much a lose
Cope’s O. d. clerica than withO.d.triangula. | pe
is well on toward the northern limit of Osceola dolis
significance of this variation in its bearing on Cope’s vi
geographic distribution of the various “subspecies” is
Specimens of the “ milk snake” from any part of the fe.
this account be particularly acceptable to the author. —
<<
Pett S ay
ge Tee
5
10a Osceola doliata triangula (Boie)
Milk snake
De Kay. Coluber eximius
Jordan. Lampropeltis doliatus triangulus 4
Above yellowish gray, with a dorsal series of large brown to:
chocolate blotches, bordered with black. On each side, on the
second to fifth rows of scales, is another series of similarly colored
but smaller spots, alternating with the dorsal series. Still another
series of blotches, entirely black, occur on the edges of the gastros-
teges and the three lowest scale rows. On the head the ground cole
is exposed as a patch, triangular in outline, the apex being directed.
backward. Below yellowish white, tesselated with black. .
a
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 375
Fig. 11 Osceola doliata triangula
_ “Apparently not common in the immediate -vicinity of Ithaca.
I arther away from the town they appear to be more common.”
Reed. 1901
. ~ “Common in the villages and farming country of Rockland
county.” Wallace. 1901
<
’
-- : 11 Ophibolus getulus (Linn.)
E Jordan. Lampropeltis getulus
Head little distinct, conic, not depressed, the muzzle slightly
‘compressed and the rostral plate projecting beyond the lower jaw.
Tail short. Scales smooth, in 21 to 25 rows.
Ground color black, marked above and below with yellow or
white spots or bands. Top of head black, with white or yellow spots.
Several subspecies exist, the only form occurring within our limits,
however, being that next described —Ophibolus getulus
getulus.
lla Ophibolus getulus getulus (Linn.)
Chain snake
De Kay. Coluber getulus
Jordan. Lampropeltis getulus
Seales smooth, in 21-23 rows.
Head black, with yellow spots; color above black, crossed by about
30 narrow, continuous yellow lines, which bifurcate on the flanks ;
below, yellow, blotehed with black. Length 50 inches.
“ Not uncommon in the pine woods of New Jersey, and also found,
but rarely, in what are called the brush plains of Long Island.”
De Kay. °42, p. 38
hye Be ae
Ve hue ean “The sp ) oan
fused with i ica New York form, and B
Fig. 12 Ophibolus getulus getulus ——
be neglected or suppressed ; but, if true, the distribution thus given
the chain snake is remarkable. Further data on this point would be
of great service, and I would consider it a favor if some St Lawren 1c
county naturalist would investigate the matter. .
12 Natrix fasciata (Linn.)
Jordan. Natrix sipedon
Scales all carinated, in 23 or 25 rows. General form robust;
tail not long. General color above bright reddish brown to gray,
usually marked by large, dark brown, transverse spots; below yel-—
lowish or reddish, usually with more or less' rounded spots of chet |
nut or reddish brown. Length 30-50 inches.
Of the “subspecies” listed by Cope, only one (N. f. sipedon)
is definitely known to occur within our limits. Both W. H. Smith
SERPENTS -OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 317
82) and Morse (1901), however, have reported Natrix fasciata,
erythrogaster from Ohio. The latter states that it is the most
common form in certain localities on Lake Erie. The value of the
identitication is problematic, but as the localities are definitely given,
and the specimens are now in the zoologic museum of Ohio state
university, it would seem that the question could be conveniently and
finally settled by submitting a suite to Dr Stejneger. The import-
ance of these Ohio specimens in the present connection is that, if
the subspecies is found as described by the authors noted, it may be
“expected to occur in western New York. The subspecies is marked
off from all others of the Natrix fasciata by being unspotted
‘both above and below, the coloration above being uniform reddish
~ black, and below yellowish red.
5 12a Natrix fasciata sipedon (Linn.)
g Water snake
: De Kay. Tropidonotus sipedon
4 Jordan. Natrix sipedon
General color dull brown to dark gray, with darker transverse
spots; below yellowish, with cloudy blotches of brownish or red-
dish. Length 30-50 inches. General form robust.
WN rf Wh
(NOMA YI
Sa
AT
Fig. 13 Natrix fasciata sipedon
New York and New England specimens seem, in general, to be
darker in coloration than those from more southerly areas. Hol-
brook’s typeof Tropidonotus niger came from New England
(p. 385) i is much Semrlaces ¥
“One of our largest, handsome
Mearns. °98, p. 326 hae
“Abundant in all the counties of sot theastern 1}
Eckel. 1901, p. 152 | a 4 be
“ Abundant near Ithaca; common at Hornells 3
“ Often seen along the ani of the ace ¢
in Rockland county, but not so common as the blacks
tace. 1901
13 Natrix rigida (Say),
Stiff snake
: De Kay. Tropidonotus rigidus
Jordan. Regina rigida
Scales carinated, in 19 rows. Muzzle short. Up
1 head flat. Above —
A D brown, with two
hy] A dorsal stripes; abdomen 7
HAAN dish yellow, with two series of
sere
‘)
— ft
=
deep brown to black |
. Length 24 inches. 7 a
Cope (1900, p. 959) mentions
that this species ranges north
to Pennsylvania.
Fig. 14 abies ree
14 Natrix leberis (Linn.)
Leather snake
De Kay. Tropidonotus leberis
Jordan. Regina leberis
Head small; little distinct from body; depressed and flattened.
Scales carinated, in 19 rows.
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES = 379
Above chestnut brown, with a lateral yellow band, and three
Ww black dorsal stripes; abdomen yellowish, with four brown
udinal bands.
ength 24 inches.
From description
nly, this . species
right possibly be
sonfused with Eu-
aenia saurita,
which is —_ also
striped longitudin-
ally, though with
differently arranged Wey
colors. Both spe- _ | Fig. 15 Natrix leberis
cies are highly aquatic in habit.
_ Natrix leberis, though included in many faunal lists, seems
to be scarce throughout our region, as nearly every observer states
that he has never met it, himself, but includes it on good authority.
Cope (1900, p. 995) notes a specimen (no. 10,729) in the U. 8.
national museum from Livingston county, N. Y.
15 Natrix kirtlandii (Kennicott)
Kirtland’s snake
. Jordan. Clonophis kirtlandi
_ Head very small; not distinct from body. Scales very strongly
keeled, in 19 rows.
' Above, light red-
‘dish to purplish
; brown, with four rows
of large darker
"blotches on back and
sides; beneath, pale
p brick red, with black
; . SS aS =
“spots. Length 16 S&S3OR
~ inches OSNews
Recorded by Ab- Fig. 16 Natrix kirtlandii
~bott (68) from New Jersey, but the identification apparently
doubted by Nelson (’90). Cope (1900, p. 997) restricts its range to
Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio.
ae —
= pe ‘| ‘
7 -
bp Lone arr a .
ea) ea i, Ys) cw
4 7 .
ca, =f ae AY\ .
_~
Color above, grayish brown to chestnut brox a
faint dorsal band of lighter brown, margined by dar
black dots; below, grayish white. Length 12 inche ey
Distinguished from Carphophiops am oe!
Storeria occipitomaculata by its gray (in stea of:
coloration below ; and farther from C. amoenus by the dist
of its head. | awe . al FRY &
“ Quite common in rocky portions of Central park.” Di tn a
96, p. 21 ee
“ Abundant in southeastern New York.” Zekel. 1901, p,
“Occurring, but not common, in Rockland county.” —
1901 Bee
17 Storeria occipitomaculata (Storer)
Brown snake 3
Jordan. Storeria occipitomaculata
Head distinct from body. Scales keeled, in 15 rows.
oculars.
Fig. 18 Storeria occipitomaculata
-
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 3881
Above, grayish brown to chestnut brown, sometimes with a paler-
dorsal band ; three light colored spots behind head ; beneath, salmon.
pink. Length 15 inches.
_ “Extralimital ; Massachusetts.” De Kay, p. 41
Common under stones and leaves.” Mearns. °98, p. 827
~ “Common inthe Schoharie valley; most often seen after sun-.
down.” Mearns. 99, p. 345
a “ Abundant in southeastern New York.” ekel. 1901, p. 153
; a “Fairly common near Ithaca.” eed. 1901
; ‘Common in the farming country, but seldom seen in the hills,.
of Rockland county.” Wadllace. 1901 3
18 Eutaenia saurita (Linn.)
Ribbon snake
De Kay. Leptophis saurita
Jordan. Thamnophis sauritus
' Form elongate ;. slender; scales strongly keeled, in 19 rows; tail!
_ one third (or more) of total length of body. eae
Color light brown,
with three light yel-
low stripes which
are often margined
with black; abdo-
men greenish white.
Length 36 inches. Fig. 19 Eutaenia saurita
The lateral stripe is
on the third and fourth rows of scales, while in Eutaenia sir-
talis it occupies the second and third rows.
“Common, especially in fields and meadows through which.
; |
mW» | Ad
ay
ROH) AMUN]
A NA Oi
Mi Mu
streams flow and where mice are abundant.” Mearns. °98, p.
327
“In Westchester and Putnam counties this species appears to be:
even more abundant than Eutaenia sirtalis.” Sckel. 1901,
p. 154
““Common near Ithaca.” eed. 1901
“Frequently found in Rockland county.” Wallace. 1901
The type specimen, and the only one 60 om obt ain tin
Cope (1900, p. 1057) to have come from — 1, V
20 Eutaenia sirtalis (Lim) ©
Garter snake
De Kay. Tropidonotus reat
Jordan. Thamnophis sirtalis’
Head distinct, oval; body moderately robust; for »
much stouter than Eutaenia saurita; tail between
and one fifth of total length. Superior labials eig)
labials 10; scales keeled, in 19 rows. Color above >
light green through olivaceous to black, usually trave
longitudinal stripes, of which the laterals are not well d
all three may be very faint or entirely wanting.
light bluish green, but varying to darker and even to vine
This, the common “ garter snake,” is abundant throughe ou it
state, and ranges in altitude from tide level to the highest s imits
of the Catskills and Adirondacks. It is the most vanable td
American serpents, no less than six “subspecies” having be
recorded from the area here considered. In the author's cristae
however, these six forms are of very unequal systematic value, and
calling all of them subspecies merely results in rendering that term
meaningless. At some future time the author hopes to be in a
position to diseuss the New York forms, at least, in more detail;
but at present this is impossible, owing to lack of the large series of
fresh specimens which such an investigation would require. This
se a
& 210
giant
being the case, the six “subspecies” noted have been listed and —
described on the following pages, but the reader may expect to find
r
<i ; “3
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 383:
20a Eutaenia sirtalis graminea (Cope)
I | Green garter snake
Above, light green, with no stripes or spots on upper side of body
or head ; below yellow, clouded with green. Lips, chin and throat.
uniform yellow.
_ Cope (1900, p. 1067) lists specimens from Ohio, Massachusetts.
a nd Maine. I have never seen a New York specimen of Eutaenia. ©
‘sirtalis approaching the coloration of this form.
20b Eutaenia sirtalis ordinata (Linn.)
Spotted garter snake
Jordan. Thamnophis sirtalis ordinatus
General color greenish brown or olive; stripes faint; three series:
of small square dark blotches on each side ; beneath, greenish white,
with spots of black near each end of the gastrosteges ; upper labial
_ plates all edged prominently with black.
I have found this “subspecies” at Vernon, Oneida co., Peekskill,
Westchester co., Central Valley, Orange co. A specimen is in the
museum collection, taken by Dr M.S. Farr at Kenwood, Albany
c¢o., and another, less typical, taken by Dr Tarleton Bean at Pat-
- echogue, Long Island. Ditmars (96, p. 20) mentions specimens taken
-on Long Island, and at Fort Lee N. J.; while Wallace (1901):
_ notes the occurrence of the subspecies in Rockland county.
"i
“A
:
i:
»
rr,
gif
act
20¢ Eutaenia sirtalis sirtalis (Linn.)
Striped garter snake
Color above the yellowish lateral stripes dark olive to dark brown ;
a narrow, rather indistinct greenish yellow vertebral line; three
ey
Fig. 21 Eutaenia sirtalis sirtalis
eat ponten Pn Rnhorpts bes sol
ie jabhad lal eae with lateral bands less.
color, exposed between these bands, is uni forn se
by the complete fusion of the spots isan 1 0}
below, grayish green, with black spots near cud of
Specimens noted by Cope (1900) from Wes
20e Eutaenia sirtalis dordaller iy ; G,
Red garter snake ae
Jordan, Thamnophis sirtalis dorsalis
Ground color brownish ; lateral stripes olivaceous sa dc
bright red ; lateral spots separated by red interspaces. —
From. Accnangs given in many of the faunal lists pu )
the region under consideration, I am led to believe that 1
mens from New Engine and northern New York are t
with the “dorsalis” group, and I have theres i
description of its typical subspecies. . aS
20f Eutaenia sirtalis pallidula (Allen) Apres
General color above, olive to olive brown; dorsal stripe, sepa
its inception, almost obsolete ; the interlinear spots of reddish se 8
with narrow black edgings an black interspaces. Belly, in ya 0
specimens grayish white, in adults from grayish white to
yellowish. it
The above description is quoted from Allen (°99) where the sub-—
species is first described, a paper to which readers are referred for a
more detailed description. In this paper Mr Allen gives its distribu-—
tion as “from the White mountains of New Hampshire and the —
Adirondacks of New York, northward into New Brunswick and —
Nova Scotia, and possibly farther ;” while in a later communication —
to the author he instances a specimen of this subspecies caught at-
Chateangay, Franklin eo. N. Y.
*
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 385
TI e author has not seen the specimens on which this subspecies is
ased, but from the published description the form seems to be
titled to as much recognition as E. s. graminea, and certain
rh er forms to which Cope has given subspecitic rank.
= B. CROTALIDAE
_ Deep pit between eye and nostril; head rather markedly triangu-
uw; neck constricted ; subcaudals entire. No normal (solid) teeth
upon the upper jaw, which carries erectile hollow poison fangs.
All the species are venomous.
21 Ancistrodon contortrix (Linn.)
Copperhead
De Kay. Trigonocephalus contortrix
Jordan. Agkistrodon contortrix
No rattle. Top of head with nine symmetric plates in front;
seales behind. Scales in 23 rows. General form robust.
SS
=
a ee
|
|
i
HN
(I
\
)
nt
N
Fig. 22 Ancistrodon contortrix
Above hazel brown, becoming bright copper colored on head;
‘darker chestnut colored blotches on sides; beneath dull yellowish,
with a series of distinct, large, dark blotches on each side. Chin
and throat unspotted. Sides of head cream color. Length 40
inches.
“Though found in the western part of the state, most numerous
in the meadows of Columbia and Dutchess counties.” De Kay,’42
Ditmars (96, p. 23) mentions occurrences at Alpine N. J.,
‘and in Putnam, Westchester and Dutchess counties, N. Y.
“Much more common than the ‘rattler.’ Some are killed in hay-
fields in the neighborhood of Highland Falls, Orange co. each year.”
Mearns. °98, p. 327
Gebhard. 88, 1 p. 22, Cctelosneens ter, re
Jordan. Sistrurus catenatus eit e |
Tail with a rattle. Head with nine chaos plat
covered with scales behind. Scales in 25 rows. —
except the last three to tive, which are bifid.
Fig. 23 Sistrurus catenatus catenatus
Ground color above, brown; blotches deep brown to 1
with yellowish white margin ; asin beneath, blackish browae
mingled with yellowish, Length 24-30 inches. |
The rattles of this species are much smaller than those of a bande
rattlesnake of equal length; and their sound is corresponding]}
feeble. }
-
| ue 39
Described by De Kay (’42, p. 57) as extralimital, this specie:
was added to the New York faunal list by Gebhard (53, p- 22),
a specimen having been sent in by the Hon. Levi Fish, from the
town of Byron, Genesee co. Gebhard states further that in thi:
town “their habitat is a white cedar swamp, containing an area of
about one thousand acres. During the summer season, they leave
the swamp, and go into the adjoining fields of grain, where they
remain until fall, when they return to the swamp and hibernate.”
No later record exists of their occurrence in New York state; anc
SERPENTS OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 3887
the species has never been noted from any of the other states falling
within the scope of this paper. It occurs, however, in Ohio (W. H.
Smith, ’82, p. 672), from which state it is also listed by Cope (1900,
p- 1149) and Morse (1901). | 3
_ It seems highly probable that many of the western New York
localities given by Macauley (’29) for the rattlesnake may, in reality,
refer to this species.
. 23 Crotalus horridus Linr.
Banded rattlesnake
De Kay. Crotalus durissus
Jordan. Crotalus horridus
Tail with a rattle. Top of head covered entirely with scales.
k
: .
Scales in 29 rows.
By IX)
et 7, cou
EES
o
Se,
Sty
SS
SO SCS
sf
a
Se
LG
x
re; ty r)
etre a:
Sif
isk
USK Io ROK
I OA ATO DI)
Wes Seay BAN;
kg
REE
Fig. 24 Crotalus horridus
Color above, bright yellowish to dark brown ; two series of dark
brown to black spots on each side of median line, often confluent
across back; tail black; below, yellowish white to gray. Length
60 inches.
Macauley (29, p. 514) gives an interesting and detailed account
of the distributicn, at that date, of the rattlesnake.
“They are found on Long Island and Manhattan Island; in some
parts of the Highlands; around the head of Lake Champlain ; at
and around Lake George; at Glenville, in the county of Schenec-
tady ; at the Noses, in the county of Montgomery ; along some parts
Path ts rg and i
De Kay (42), says € pir ibe ha
“Tt is common in various parts of |
states generally appears to prefer rocky pe
in Clinton, Essex and Warren counties, along th ch e :
Champlain and George. Although numerous in
tainous districts of this state, they are rare or ¢ ng
those elevated regions which give rise to the ites 08 z= the
and the Hudson rivers. They are found in thee counties of
Ulster, Orange and Greene. A few still linger ag 2 8)
Suffolk county.” ars
“Becoming quite rare within 50 miles of New se
nearest locality in which it has been found in the p pa t few )
being Putnam county, N. Y.; it also occurs in Conn — cu Ms
Prof. E. B. Southwick tells me that a few are found a :
the central part of Long Island.” Ditmars. 796, p-
CF hashes numerous about Highland Falls; now ¢
rare.” Mearns. °98, p. 327 Se as
“ Still occurs in Orange and Rockland counties, but wry
possibly extinct east of the Hudson in this state. Cope 1
specimen collected in 1878 at Katonah, Westchester co; and
have been informed that one was killed in 1887 near White F
N.Y.” Eckel. 1901, p. 155 ge
“ Still met with in Rockland county.” Wallace. 1901
Rattlesnakes are occasionally reported from the western counti
of this state. It is possible that some of these accounts may refé
to the massasauga (p. 386) whose present distribution in the state
unknown. ;
New York State Museum
LIZARDS, TORTOISES AND BATRACHIANS OF
| NEW YORK
BY F. C. PAULMIER PH.- D.
INTRODUCTION
The following catalogue describes the lizards, tortoises and batra-
ehians which occur in New Xork or which from their occurrence
in adjoining states may be expected to be found here. Since the
appearance of Holbrook’s and DeKay’s work, no papers dealing
“with these forms as a whole, have appeared, except those of Sher-
wood and Smith which catalogue the species found near New York
city. Thus practically nothing is known of the forms found in the
“northern and western part of the state and collections made there
; would be of great value in studying the distribution of the
groups. ;
The main works on the lizards, tortoises and batrachians are
necluded in the following bibliography. Other references will be
found in the list on p- 357, where such works are marked. with an
asterisk. The descriptions are taken mainly from the papers by
Cope and Jordan.
Cope, E. D. 789. The batrachia of North America. U. S. nat. mus. Bul.
34. 1889. ;
°98. Crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. U. S. nat. mus.
Rep’t. 1898.
Jordan, D. S. 799. A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern
United States. Ed. 8. 1899.
DeKay, J. E. *42. Natural history of New York. Zoology of New York. v. 3.
Reptiles and amphibia. 38, text; 4, plates. 1842.
Holbrook, J. E. *42. North American herpetology. 1842.
Sherwood, W.L. 794. Salamanders found in the vicinity of New York city,
with notes on extralimital or allied species. Linn. soc. of N. Y. Abst. proc.
1894-95. No. 7.
97. Frogs and toads found in the vicinity of New York city. Ibid.
1897-98. No. 10.
Smith, Eugene. °98. Turtles and lizards of the vicinity of New York city.
Ibid. 1898-99. No. 11.
’ bre ole
See ere) 2
De Kay’. Tropidolepis cckeyn cael the brow
Brownish olive or gray, with black, mae he
each side; throat and sides of belly in male, Rh
ing. Length 7 inches. Hf ae = 3
Its eggs, which are long and narrow, are laid in the san
June 1 and hatched about July 10. a a <
Found in southern part of the state. Very rapid i i in
ments, and frequently found under bark of decay dt
chooses old fences as its basking places. |
2 Eumeces quinquelineatus Linn.
Blue-tailed lizard | “i
De Kay. Scincus fasciatus, blue-tailed lizard, “scorpion,” Be.
fig. 17 peg eh
Color variable, but usually olive with five yellowish str aks, th
middle one forking on the head; tail bright blue. Old spe me ;
become reddish and stripes grow Hiniee and may disappear. Length
8-11 inches. ai ‘
Found in the southern part of the state; lives on the ground ;
very active; it readily -parts with a wivtise of its tail when ar
attempt is made to capture it. |
3 Liolepisma laterale Say
Ground lizard j
Upper parts of head and body reddish olive; on each side a black
stripe; the sides below this lateral band striped alternately dusky
'Reterences to De Kay under the different species refer to the Zoology of New
York, Reptiles and amphibia, v. 3, text; v. 4, plates, by James E. De Kay, 18
LIZARDS, TORTOISES AND BATRACHIANS 391
nd lighter ; abdomen solloaike tail pale bluish or greenish below.
igth 5 inches.
Usually" considered a hee form; but Cope notes a specimen
taken in Burlington county, N.J.; and H. D. Reed informs me that a
specimen in the collection of Cornell university was captured Ap. 23,
1 892, on the Caroline hills, southeast of Utica N. Y. by W. J. Terry.
B. CHELONIA
Turiles
The turtles and tortoises, which comprise the order Chelonia, may
e defined as reptiles having the skeleton mainly external. The
body is inclosed in a shell of bony plates consisting of a dorsal cara-
pe ce (to which the vertebrae and ribs are firmly fused) and a ven-
a plate or plastron. Both of these are covered over with horny
te which are composed of the well known tortoise shell.*
_ The vertebrae of the neck and tail are free and movable. The
Stim bs are well developed and usually terminated by claws. In some
forms there is a web between the toes, while in the marine forms
not included in this list) the feet have the form of flippers. Teeth
are never developed, the jaws being covered by a layer of horn.
Their eggs, which have a tough leathery shell, are laid in the dry
sand and are hatched by the heat of the sun. Like all reptiles, the
young leave the egg in the form of the parent, and thus do not
undergo any metamorphosis, as do the batrachians. They breathe
by lungs throughout their entire existence.
The Chelonia are found both on land and in water, many forms
being apparently equally at home in either.
Omitting the marine turtles, our forms represent four families.
1 Trionychidae, soft-shelled turtles
2 Chelydridae, snapping turtles
3 Kinosternidae, box or musk turtles
4 Emydidae, pond turtles
Family 1 TRIONYCHIDAE
oft-shelled turtles
Body flat, round; carapace not completely ossified, and with the
1 The tortoise shell of commerce is derived from one of the marine forms.
| =. i eet he at
“Probably found in the northern part of th 1e st
7 ~ ghd Ow wd bs ees erage
2 Aspidonectes spinifer Le Suenr_
Soft shélied turtle
De Kay. Trionyx ferox, p. 6, ph 6, gd oF
Carapace slate-colored with spots; legs and feet 1 :
where with dark ; anterior part of carapace with tuber “a -
Found in as Ontario and Erie, from which they ec
the Erie canal to the Hudson; also in southwestern rt ¢
Family 2 CHELYDRIDAE ~
Snapping turtles
Represented by one species with the characters of the fam
3 Chelydra serpentina L.
Snapping turtle .
De Kay. Chelonura serpentina, p. 8, pl. 8, fig. 6 rs.
Young dusky brown with dark spots; head very ae AWS
strong; tail long and strong, with crest of compressed tuberel ls
plastron small, cross-shaped, leaving the body largely unecoy
toes partially webbed. Length 24 inches. 4 i
Found all over the state in quiet waters. Its snapping prope ig
ties are well known. In the spring it lays 60 to 70 eggs in the sand ;
frequently at some distance from the water (De Kay).
Family 3 KINOSTERNIDAE
Box turtles
Carapace long and narrow, lightest behind; margins tt ned
downward and inward rather than outward ; lasted large ; head
pointed ; limbs slender.
“LIZARDS, TORTOISES AND BATRACHIANS 393
4 Kinosternun pennsylvanicum Bose
Mud tortoise
1‘ De Kay. K. pennsylvanicum, p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 4
Shell dusky brown; head dark, with light dots. Differs from thé
oll owing species in that the plastron i is divided into two parts, so that
he animal can shut itself up almost completely. Length 4 inches.
Rare but may be taken in southern part of the state. Fre-
quently found on land.
¥ 5 Aramochelys odorata Latreille
Musk turtle, stink pot
De Kay. Sternothaerus odoratus, p. 22, pl. 7, fig. 18
Shell dusky, sometimes spotted, usually covered with mud and
green algae; neck with two yellow stripes; plastron cross-shaped,
somewhat like Chelydra but larger; head large, jaws strong,
odor strong musky.
Found in ponds and ditches all over the state. Is a nuisance to
fishermen, whose hooks it takes.
Family 4 EMYDIDAE
Pond turtles
_ Carapace ovate, broadest behind, the margins having a tendency
“to flare outward ; plastron covering entire ventral surface, its plates
“12in number. ~
. 6 Graptemys geographicus Le Sueur
Map turtle
De Kay. Emys geographica, The geographic tortoise, p. 18, pl. 4, fig. 7
Dark olive brown with network of greenish or yellow lines, more
“a Pa |
x
“prominent on edges of carapace; head and neck also with yellow
“stripes; plastron yellowish; carapace notched behind and keeled.
Found in streams in western part of state.
7 Graptemys pseudogeographicus Holbrook
De Kay. Emys pseudogeographicus, the pseudo- geographic tortoise,
p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 3
Much like preceding but browner, the markings on the shell pale
and in larger pattern ; keel of carapace stronger, back of each plate in
the middle line projects over succeeding one ; plastron yellowish, mar-
bled with reddish brown; head and legs with bright yellow stripes.
except the true marine forms, whi is found i ins t
9 Pseudemys Ls is Le Oo
Led-bellied terrapin, slider
De Kay. Emys rubriventris, p. 16, pl. 7 fi a fi
Dusky or blackish with irregular red markings, sp
of shell; plastron red and yellowish with dark spots; h
brown with reddish and yellowish lines. SRF 7
In streams in the southeastern part of the state. Used as
stitute for the real terrapin. Ne
10 Pseudemys hieroglyphica Holbrook —
Shell depressed, olive brown, marked with groups of ¢
yellowish lines; plastron yellowish; head very small with yelle
A southwestern form, habitat given by Jordan as New Yor
Wisconsin and south. - Bas ie
11 Chrysemys picta Herm. i 3
Painted turtle, mud turtle / a
De Kay. Emys picta, p. 12, pl. 5, fig. 10 ee
Greenish black, plates edged with yellow; the marginal plates
marked with bright red; plastron yellow with brown blotches;
legs and tail with red aa ; upper jaw notched in front. | Length
6 to 8 inches. a
Very common throughout the state, preferring quiet waters an
frequently seen basking in the sun, on logs.
12 Chrysemys marginata Agassiz
Colors similar to preceding, but plates of carapace alternating ;
the lateral rows out of line with the middle one, instead of forming
three sets of three as in above; lateral plates with strong concen- —
tric grooves. Possibly a form of the preceding. ;
Found in the western part of the state.
LIZARDS, TORTOISES AND BATRACHIANS 395
13 Chelopus muhlenbergii Schw.
3 Muhlenberg’s tortoise .
De Kay. naan ys muhlenbergii, Muhlenberg's tortoise, p. 17, pl. 8, fig. 15
_ Brown with yellowish-markings ;~plastron black with yellowish
Sieve, an orange spot on each side of the neck; plates of back
; P lain or concentrically grooved. Length 44 inches.
- Southern part of state, particularly in the branches of the Dela-
“ware river.
14 Chelopus insculptus Le Conte
Wood tortoise
De Kay. Emys insculptus, wood terrapin, p. 14, pl. 4, fig. 8
Carapace with a keel, its plates marked with concentric striae and
radiating black lines; ground color yellowish or. reddish brown
-plastron with a black blotch on each plate. Length 8 inches.
All over the state, taken both in land and water.
15 Chelopus guttatus Schnei.
: Speckled tortoise
De Kay. Emys guttata, the spotted tortoise, p. 13, pl. 16, fig. 12
Black with yellow spots, whose. number varies with age, the
the young having only asingle spot on each plate; plastron yellow,
Dlotched with black. Length 44 inches.
Common in ponds all over the state, frequently seen sitting on logs.
16 Emydoidea blandingii Holbrook
Blanding’s tortoise
De Kay. Cistudo blandingii, p. 23, pl. 1, fig. 2
Black with numerous round or oblong yellow spots; plastron
with a transverse hinge, as in the common land tortoise, enabling
the animal to shut itself up tightly. Young jet vlack without spots.
Rare but possibly to be taken in this state.
In habits similar to following.
¥
7
4
,
.
17 Cistudo carolina L.
Box tortoise
De Kay. C. carolina, box turtle, p. 24, pl. 21, fig. 1
Colors highly variable, usually yellowish brown with spots and
_ blotches of yellow; plastron witha hinge, as in preceding. Length
5-7 inches.
Found all over the state in dry places.
orders: 1) Proteida, whisk retain theit ree
= _ which our only representative is vip Uppy,
-‘Urodela, long-tailed forms which lose their gills i
and inelude the salamanders and newts;* and 3) | A nu
a __ tailless forms, without gills in the adult and with |
~ for leaping, and including the frogs and toads. E
_. The adult batrachians are found mostly in moist f
~ skins generally unfitting them for the hot, dry places w . hich %
of the reptiles are so fond of. ‘Thus the greater num Der ;
are found in or near water (frogs and some salamanders)
stones and logs in woods (most salamanders). <A few, : nei
tree frogs are arboreal; others, including some of the sa am
and the wood frog, are found on the ground in dry woods 5
the common toad is found everywhere on land. ep
In the spring, however, almost all forms seek the water to bree
Their eggs are the round black bodies contained in the transparen
jellylike masses which are so frequently found in ponds. —
give rise to the well known limbless tadpoles, or polliwouiam
possess gills and are thus fitted for a subaquatie, fishlike exist
After a shorter or longer period, the limbs appear and iil ngs
develop, while the gills disappear (in most cases), so that the anima al
becomes an air-breathing, instead of water-breathing form. | a
The batrachians are all perfectly harmless forms and, with very
few exceptions, never even attempt self-defense. For their protee
tion from enemies they rely on their coloration and on their place
of concealment. 7
Their food consists almost entirely of insects, so that they have
distinct economic value. ;
£
*
: There is no common American term for these forms, though the word lizar
is occasionally employed. This is a misnomer, as the lizards are reptiles, which,
while they resemble the batrachians in form, have a scaly skin and never hav
gills. J
Metamorphoses of Batrachia
Fig. 1-7 Development of frog
Fig. 8-10 Stages in development of salamander
ae
“Family ‘PROTEIDAE
| ited here by one species.
ux Necturus maculatus Rafinesque
ae Mud puppy
ee ee cnc ius lateralis, The banded proteus, p. 87, pl. 18, fig. 45-
uch the largest of our batrachians, except the hellbender, reach-
‘a length of 2 feet. Eellike, with feeble legs; light chocolate
wn, with darker brown spots. Three pairs of bushy, bright red,.
fei |
Common in most of the larger streams and lakes of the northern
md western part of the state. Found in the Erie canal. De Kay
°42) stated that it would soon be found in the Hudson river, a pre-
liction since verified, as numerous specimens are now taken around
Albany. Information as to how far up = down the river it has.
reached i is greatly to be desired.
Order 2 URODELA
7 Salamanders
_ Include all the rest of the long-tailed batrachians. No gills in
the adult stage; limbs equally developed. The eggs are usually
laid in the water either singly on leaves or in masses like those of
the frog. The larvae or tadpoles differ from those of the frogs and
toads in that the gills are not covered over, but remain external:
and do not disappear till a late stage. A pair of processes known
balancers occurs in front of the gills. Three stages in their
development are shown in fig. 8-10 of pl. 1.
The following families are represented within our limits.
1 Cryptobranchidae
2 Amblystomidae
3 Plethodontidae
4 Desmognathidae
5 Pleurodelidae
eh large fbi eaching at times, eneral
occasionally spotted ; heed ead coda body w
of skin. A very unprepossessing but h nar urmless- ei rea
is known of its breeding habits. pe ie
_ Probably found in the: branches of the Alle ny
western part of the state. Where it is. tee na
men by taking their hooks. It is remarkably tenasi
Family 2. AMBLYSTOMIDAE
Blunt-nosed salamanders
Except for the two preceding forms the membe
are the largest and stoutest of our salamanders. ‘They
entirely land forms, except in the breeding season, the sp ig, wh
they migrate to the ponds to lay their eggs. These ey Bee wha
larger and fewer than frogs eggs, and the jellylike mass su
ing them is whiter and more opaque.
e ;
3 Amblystoma opacum Gravenhorst nea
De Kay. Salamandra fasciata, the blotched salamander, p. i
fig. 40
Black above, with about 14 bluish gray bars running across; belly
dark blue. 11 costal grooves between legs. Length 34 inches; j
very stout. q
Southern part of state. This species is found in dryer places”
than the majority of salamanders, even on bare rocks in the sun
( Mearns) and in sandy places (Cope).
in
LIZARDS, TORTOISES AND BATRACHIANS 399
4 Amblystoma punctatum Linn.
Spotted salamander
- Salamandra subviolacea, large spotted salamander,-crimsom
7 spotted triton, p. 74, pl. 16, fig. 36
. ~ Black above, with a series of round yellow spots on each side of
the back ; body broad, depressed, and swollen; tail not as long as
rest of body. 11 costal grooves on each side. ‘pena 64 inches.
_ Probably generally distributed over the state. Found under rocks
and decaying trees, and occasionally wanders into cellars.
5 Amblystoma conspersum Cope
Smaller ‘spotted. salamander
_ Lead-colored, with one or two series of small yellowish spots along
‘sides; skin smooth; body more slender than the preceding; tail
"shorter than head a body. 11 costal grooves. Length about 4
ches. |
Taken in Pennsylvania, and may be found in southern part of
' this state.
E 6 Amblystoma tigrinum Green
De Kay. Triton tigrinus, tiger salamander, or triton, p. 83, pl. 15, fig. 32
Dark brown, with usually, many irregular yellow blotches, some-
times arranged in cross bands; body thick and strong; head long;
tail about equal in Jength to body. 12 costal grooves. Length 8-10:
inches. The largest of our salamanders and very variable.
All over the state. Said by De Kay to be found in decayed,
hollow trees, but usually in burrows and under stones.
7 Amblystoma jeffersonianum Green
De Kay. Salamandra granulata, the granulated salamander, p. 78, pl. 23,
fig. 66; Triton niger, the dusky triton, p. 85, pl. 15, fig. 35
Olive-brown or blackish, usually with bluish spots, but sometimes
uniformly lead-colored; head small; eyes far back; body slender.
12 costal furrows. Length 5-8 inches.
Two varieties, possibly throughout the state. According to
De Kay, inhabiting wet, springy places.
The three following families of Urodela, while possessing well
marked osteologic differences, show no external characters sufti-
ciently obvious to distinguish them easily. For this reason no
description has been attempted. |
4
‘Probably th OE Sot a hse
woods | z
SS ee
water.” W. Hl. Smith. Wien am
9 Plethodon cinereus Gree
De Kay. Salamandra ery thronota, the red-backed
pl. 16, fig. 38 ee
Three subspecies of this form are distinguished by 6
a Plethodon cinereus cinereus, color, liver | .
dirty white mottled with black, giving a “ pepper and : alt?
ance, sometimes yellowish toward the head. 18 costal ove
bP.c.erythronotus. Form and structure similar to |
but back with a broad, reddish stripe. 18 costal grooves. BR
bles Spelerpes bilineatus, but in that form the be
- unspotted and there are fewer costal furrows. on
e P. « dorsalis. Quite similar to e. erythronotus
with only 16 costal furrows. Much rarer than the eee
All these subspecies are entirely terrestrial and found under s
and logs in woods. Eggs laid in a little package under het a
in damp places. The young possess gills when hatched, but | = Q
soon lose them. The most abundant salamander, found e
where, specially in the mountains.
ge
10 Plethodon glutinosus Green
De Kay. Salamandra glutinosa, the blue-spotted salamander, p, 81
pl. 17, fig. 42 ;
Skin covered with a milky secretion. Black, usually with bluish
white blotches and specks; head, body and tail continuous an¢
rounded. Much like Amblystoma jeffersonianum, bu
has lighter spots and shorter digits. 14 costal furrows. Lengtl
5-7 inches.
2. a Bt Fate i 16, fig. tae
purplish brown or salmon-colored, jnregularly oon
‘ite below, tail rounded at — 16 costal furrows.
qnatic mountain form, preferring cool mountain springs and
s to streams. | ;
is is the only one of our eastern ane that attempts
sfense. It snaps fiercely but harmlessly and throws its body into
yntortions.” Cope :
7 12 Spelerpes bilineatus Green
I e Kay. Salamandra bilineata, the striped back eee Noa
pl. 23, fig. 67
Yellow ; back with a tinge of brown which is Gordored by a
Bor oe line; belly yellow, unspotted ; tail slender and com-
ressed, longer than rest of animal. 14 costal grooves between the
imbs. Length 3 inches.
~Oceurs all over the state; in shallow, stony brooks, but occa-
ionally found under stones or bark. Very active and behaves like
Desmognathus fusca, with which it is frequently found.
- +13 Spelerpes longicauda Green
Cave salamander
De Kay. Salamandra longicauda, long-tailed salamander, p, 78,
q pl. 17, fig. 41
Bright lemon yellow, back and sides covered with black specks
running into bands on the tail; belly wnspotted ; tail one and one
half times as lung as body and very compressed. 12 costal grooves.
Length 5 inches.
Found in rocky ground and in fissures and caves. Said by De
Kay (42) and W. H. Smith (82) to be aquatic. Probably rare.
14 Spelerpes ruber Dandin
De Kay. Salamandra rubra, red salamander, p. 80, pl. 17, fig. 43
Orange red, with numerous crowded dark spots; between these is
a clouding of dark red brown; under surface with very small black
| tree ior
ob © ts
Rec Guee --Ramily 4 DESMOGN4
pars. ~
—— ee 2s =
Brownish yellow with brown shade on each
dorsal band with few spots; belly cinepiaeiette
ee
Length 3 inches. Very like Spelerpes biline E
a more rounded tail, a paler abdomen, and aJight b De ar a
mouth. Its habitat is also quite different. Bi AE
Found in the Adirondacks and Catskills, under bark ar eca)
ing trees; not aquatic. Sata x ee age
16 Desmognathus fusca Rafinegiil Bees. 2 n
De Kay. Salamandra picta, dusky salamander, p.75
Very variable in color, but usually brown above with ¢
purplish spots becoming blackish wich age; marbled below; eye
prominent; tail as long as head and body. 15 costal groo
Length 4-5 inches.
This species makes a curious disposition of its eggs, Ps.
sexes wrapping the albuminous egg string around the body a
remaining concealed in a comparatively dry spot till the eggs he
One of the commonest salamanders; found in rapid and shallow
streams under stones. . ae
17 Desmognathus nigra Green
Uniform black, with a very stout body, the stoutest in fact of our
salamanders. 12 costal grooves. Length 6-7 inches.
Found in Pennsylvania and may be taken in southern part of
state in the mountains. Habits like those of D. fusea; found
under the stones in cold springs and streams in the mountains; very
agile and not easily caught.
Ww oe Rt to six ae a ee eit a poe for
Var. miniatus
aoe: Red eft
ay. faevemandra coccinea, the scarlet salamander, p. (81, pl. 21,
3 fig. 54 b
Very similar, but bright vermilion red; skin rougher. It is
und in the same region but away from water; under stones, ete.
ming out after rain. Probably a form of the preceding, its
suliarities being due to life out of water.
Order 3 (ANURA) SALIENTIA
Ki Tailless batrachians
Body short and broad ; all four limbs present, the hinder limbs
ong and strong, adapted for leaping ; lower jaw usually toothless ;
‘il wanting in the adult. 3
The eggs are laid in compact gelatinous masses, usually attached
) sticks or weeds, in the water. The young tadpoles have external
ills when first hatched, but these are soon covered over by a gill
over, which has a single opening at one side (fig. 4). Both pairs
f limbs develop at the same time, but the anterior pair are inclosed
1 the gill covers and do not break them till a late stage. The tail
adually becomes absorbed, and the gills disappear, while lungs
evelop, and the animal attains its adult form, which is always frog-
ike and air-breathing.
fe aall dots all over. 12 obscure costal furrows. Length
ae
ae ‘De Kay. Bufo americanus, 1 p. 6, ple ,
52 (adult) — ’ “a
Yellowish eee with a yellow Be ir =
spots, but variable; adults very warty; young s1
Common everywhere. Their eggs are laid in dl :
inclosed in a long, thin-walled tube of transparent a sal '
lies in strings on the bottom of the ponds where thong 3
young attain the adult form at a very much earlier ¥
life than the frogs.
Family 2 PELOBATIDAE
Burrowing toads
Represented by one species.
20 Scaphiopus holbrookii Hie Tee
Spadefoot er
De Kay. Scaphiopus solitarius, the hermit spade/tooeiae
fig. 47
Olive brown, a yellowish band on each side from eye to ¢ “¢
a horny, spadelike process on each side of hind foot. Widely di di
tributed, but rarely seen. It remains in burrows which it digs i
the earth and lays its eggs in temporary ponds which are formed b
rain. Metamorphosis may be very rapid.
Reported by De Kay from Rockland county.
Family 3 HYLIDAE
: Tree frogs
Small forms, generally inhabiting trees or bushes and frequentl,
possessing the power of adapting their color to the color of the objec
on which they rest. Generally with the tips of their toes expande
to form disks. Eggs laid in water, in smaller packages than those
of the true frogs. a
LIZARDS, TORTOISES AND BATRACHIANS 405
| 21 Chorophilus triseriatus Wied.
Light, ash colored, with about six dark stripes running back from
ead; legs blotched; toes without disks Length 1 inch. Found
n southern part of state.
92 Acris gryllus Le Conte
Cricket frog
e De a Hylodes gryllus, the cricket Hylodes, p. 70, pl. 22, fig. 61
_ Hind legs very long; brown or gray above, with a blackish tri-
angle between eyes; borders of this are green and are continued as
a band to the end of the body ; sides with three oblique bands ; has
considerable power of changing its color; ends of toes not expanded.
Length 14 inches.
Found in southern part of state. Frequents the muddy borders
‘of the water, into which it leaps when alarmed. A very strong
leaper and is never found on trees. |
q 23 Hyla pickeringii Storer
i : “Peeper”
‘De Kay. Hylodes pickeringi, Pickering’s tree Ben p. 69, pl. 20, fig. 51
- Yellowish or reddish brown with a darker X-shaped mark in
middle of back, extending in front to eyes and to the sides of the
body ; below, yellowish white ; legs barred transversely ; large disks
on toes. Length 1 inch.
Probably all over the state. Found in colder upland swamps and
meadows in the breeding season. Later, tree toads may be found in
low places or on the ground in the woods. Later still, they climb
the trees, and their voices are almost the last sound heard in the
fall.
24 Hyla versicolor Le Conte
De Kay. Hyla versicolor, the northern tree toad, p. 71, pl. 21, fig. 58a
Green, gray or brown, varying considerably, as its name indicates,
with the color of the object on which it rests; V-shaped black
blotches on the back; below, white; behind, yellow; skin, warty ;
large disks. Length 2 inches.
The tree frog par excellence of our state; found on trees and
fences; lays its eggs in small packages on blades of grass in the
water.
a © mostly in two irregular rows on bea
pale; head rather long. Length 23 ealea rs
Probably the commonest of the frogs; fou anc ir
and marshes. The first species heard in the ri
Acris gryllus. Frequently lives inswarms, — a ‘
26 Rana palustris Le Conte —
Pickerel frog
De Kay. Rana palustris, p. 62, pl. 22, fig. ( =
Light brown with two rows of large, oblong squal are
dark brown on backs one or two on sides; a browla D
Length 3 inches. = ate
Very widely distributed, from mountains in north of state t 10 §
marshes on coast. Usually found in cold springs and s eam
is seen more frequently than any other frog in the grass.
27 Rana septentrionalis Baird
Northern frog | |
Brown or olive, with paler, wormlike markings over the back a
legs; sometimes a few dark blotches behind. Length 24 inches.
Reported from northern part of the state. An entirely aqua al
species. |
28 Rana clamata Daudin a
De Kay. Rana fontinalis, the spring frog, p. 62, pl. 21, fig. da
Greenish or brownish, shading anteriorly to a_ bright grees
rounded brown spots all over the back; beneath, grayish whi t
legs with several transverse bands. Length 3 inches. | j
Aguatie, hatnting all kinds of waters; lives singly or in pairs. —
«
‘=
a
*
ig
BE oar: Seas: Found in es ponds and streams,
there i is underbrush.
we
80 Rana sylvatica Le Conte ©
oe 50 (youn 2 F
lommon in woods. In the highlands of the Hudson it appears
about the end of March and lays its eggs in ponds and ditches ;
hen very noisy. Later, in May, it becomes quiet (Mearns).
31 Rana cantabrigensis Baird
S “Very similar to preceding, but tibia equals one half length of
feay ; a narrow pale line along thighs behind; a dorsal line from
snout to arms; back sometimes with dark spots; no outer meta-
tarsal tubercle.” ;
Habits similar to preceding. Probably in northern part of state.
COLLECTING AND PREPARING
"Probably the best way to collect reptiles and batrachians is by
shooting them with small shot cartridges in a small rifle or pistol.
A. shotgun with an “auxiliary barrel” may also be used.t| Many
‘specimens may be taken by a quick grab with the fingers, but this
is not always an agreeable experience for most people. For the
Urodela a dip net is very useful, and usually frogs may be taken
in that way. For snakes a slip noose of fine wire tied to the end of
‘These directions are taken almost entirely from the Directions for collecting
reptiles and batrachians by Leonhard Stejneger, U. S. nat. mus. Bul. 39,
i
; ‘ee te wean a eri odermie s
hand, they may be slit open cadet ent.
pointed pair of scissors. In the case of snakes 3,
be made at intervals. It is well to keep the m mouths of
open by a wad of cotton or paper; and turtles sh ould I
drawn out. Aleohol of the full commercial strength sho
used for preserving. It is much better to put repti
diluted with an equal part of water for the first 04 | nou
into aleohol with one fourth of its volume of water. 1
chians, alcohol even weaker than this should be used ; at f
two thirds water and after 24 hours with one third water. is
Labels of strong paper should be attached to the specin
should never be tied around the neck. For lizards and salamander:
fasten it around the body just behind the fore legs; for apes: rT
toads, in front of the hind legs; for snakes, around the body ¢
about the anterior third; and for turtles to one of the legs. Th
labels should be written with a soft lead pencil and should contai
1) the exact locality where captured ; 2) the character of the soi
and vegetation where the specimen was found, whether on sand,
among rocks, under logs or stones, in holes, swamp, meadow, fores
or any such observations ; 3) date of capture ; 4) collector’s name. —
After soaking in alcohol for from one to two weeks, according to
size, they are ready to be transported. For this purpose, a cige
box, an old tomato can, or, better still, an empty baking powder can,
will serve. Take some cotton batting, soak it in aleohol and squeeze
it nearly dry ; then wrap each individual specimen up and pack sol-
idly in the box or can; when the can is full, add as much alcohol as
the contents will hold without dripping ; wrap the parcel in several
thicknesses of strong paper, tie securely and forward by mail, if
not too large, to the State Museum, Albany N. Y,
an ein ‘the epring and frequency _ i eS
sir yes and- mode x Hires
sy e | Aekitroton contortrix, 885-86?
—* Sncecead hellbender, 398?
_ Alleghany mountain salamander, 4028
Allen, Glover M., cited, 384°
Allen, J. A., cited, 371°
Amblystoma conspersum, 399*
jeffersonianum, 399"
opacum, 3987 *
punctatum, 399!
tigrinum, 399°
Amblystomidae, 398°-99°
American naturalist; check list of ser-
pents published in, £56*
Amphibians, 396'-4077
Amyda mutica, 392?
Anal plate, defined, 3625
Anatomic characters of serpents, 360?
Ancistrodon, 360°, 355?
contortrix, 378%, 385°-86?
piscivorus, 378?
Anteocular plates, defined, 362*
Anteorbital plates, defined, 362°
Anura, 396°, 403°-77; anatomy, 4037;
metamorphosis, 403°; families, 404!
Aramochelys odorata, 393°
Aspidonectes spinifer, 392°
Baird,
369%
Banded rattlesnakes, 361', 3879-88"
Bascanion constrictor, 370°-714
Batrachia, 396'-407'; breeding,
food, 396°; habitat, 396%:
phosis, 396°; orders of, 396°
Batrachians, 389-409; collecting and |
preparing, 4077-9
tailless, 403°-77
Spencer F., cited, 3554, 3564, |
396°;
metamor-
| Blue tailed 1 izar¢
ae
anges
Blunt-nosed sa
Box tation a :
Box turtle, 392! of 93°, 2
Brown snake, 380% -§ 81} +
Dekay’s, 380! a
Bufo americanus, oe may.
lentiginosus, 4048 ie
Bufonidae, 404
Bullfrog, 407)
Burrowing toad, 404s
*s " -
7 an
ap’ im
Callopeltis obsoletus, 3723
vulpinus, 3714-72? “I es *
Carinate scales, defined, 362° 2%
Carphophiops, 360°, 364° — ix
amoenus, 3667-67?
Cave salamander, 4017
Chain snake, 3757-767
Chelonia, 391°-95%;
breeding, 391°;
habitat, 3917
| Chelonura serpentina, 3927
Chelopus guttatus, 395°
insculptus, 395
muhlenbergii, 395?
Chelydra serpentina, 392°
Chelydridae, 392°
Chorophilus triseriatus, 405!
Chrysemys marginata, 394°-95!
| picta, 3947
Cistudo blandingii, 3957
carolina, 395°
anatomy, v4
families” of,
:
| Dusky triton, 3997
Eft, 403°, 4035 ,
Emydidae, 3935-959
Emydoidea plandingii, 395"
-|Emys geographica, 3937
guttata, 395°
~ insculptus,395*
muhlenbergii, 395? | me
palustris, 3943
mon picta, 3947
:mon lizard, 3903 . pseudogeographicus, 393°-94?
ymon toad, 4043 -rubriventris, 3944
Edward D., cited, 3597, 3628, 3688, Eumeces quinquelineatus, 390°
21, 8744, 374°, 376%, 3788, 379°, 379°, | Eutaenia, 360°, 364° ~
: 884, ao 387!, 389°, 3917, 398°, brachystoma, 382!
saurita, 3814 .
29] pperhead, 3612, 385°-86? ~ sirtalis, 3631, 3824-83!
Sricket frog, 405? dorsalis, 384*
or icket Hylodes, 405? graminea, 383!
Crimson spotted triton, 399°, 403° obscura, 384? ©
Urotalidae, 361°, 365', 385?-88° ordinata, 383?
Crotalophorus tergeminus, 8863-87? pallidula, 3847-85?
Crotalus, 360°, 365? sirtalis, 3837-84?
durissus, 387°—-88°
_ horridus, 3873-88" Farr, M. S., referred to, 383°
Cryptobranchidae, 398! Fence lizard, 390°
Cryptobranchus allegheniensis, 398? Four toed salamander, 400°
Cyclophis, 360°, 364° Fox snake, 3714-72?
_ aestivus, 3572, 3698-70° Frogs, 406!-77
7 cricket, 405?
De Kay, James E., cited, 3554, 365°, | tree, 4045-5?
359°, 367', 367°, 368°. 369°, 3724, 374', Frontal plate, defined, 361°-627
375%, 3817, 3858, 386°, 3887, 3893, 3928, |
4 3947, 399°, 3998, 401°, 4048 ‘Garter snake, 3628, 3824-83!
‘De Kay’s brown snake, 380! dusky, 3843
Desmognathus fusca, 402° . green, 383°
nigra, 4027 red, 384+
_ ochrophaea, 402% spotted, 3834
Diadophis, 360°, 364° striped, 3837-842
punctatus, 367° Gastrosteges, defined, 3624
- Diamond back, 394’ Gebhard, John, jr, cited, 356°, 376?, 386°
-Diemictylus viridescens, 403? Geographic tortoise, 3937
7 Hoauldackytium ite ier
‘Hermit spade foot, 404° dake
Heterodon, 3641
platyrhinos, 368! -
platyrhinus, 360°, 363°, 368!
Holbrook, J. E., cited, 377°, 389° ;
Hough, Franklin B., cited, 376', 376°
Hyla pickeringii, 405°
versicolor, 405%
Hylidae, 404°-5*
Hylodes gryllus, 405°
pickeringi, 405°
Inferior labial plates, defined, 3624
Internasal plates, defined, 362?
Jordan, David §., cited, 359°, 3644, 389°,
394°
Keeled scales, defined, 362°
Key to families and genera of snakes,
364°-65°; to species, 365°-66°
Kinosternidae, 392*-93°
Kinosternun pennsylvanicum, 393!
Kirtland’s snake, 379°
Labial plates, superior, defined,
inferior, defined, 362+
Lacertilia, 390!
Lampropeltis doliatus, 374
triangulus, 3745-754
getulus, 375°, 375°-76'
Large spotted salamander, 399?
Leather snake, 378°-79°
Leather turtle, 392?
Liolepisma laterale, 390°-91*
Leopard frog, 406"
| Milk snake, 3625, 33
362°;
Morse, Max, cited, ¢ 3%
Mud puppy, 3978
Mud tortoise, 3938!
Mud turtle, 3947 Eat ;
Muhlenberg’s tortoise, 4
Musk turtle, 393°
Nasal plates, defined, 36
Natrix, 360°, 364° tr
fasciata, 363°, 376-774
erythrogaster, 356°, | + *
sipedon, 363+, ame ky nes
kirtlandii, 379° —
leberis, 878°-79*
rigida, 378° :
sipedon, 376°-774, 3774-785 -
Necturus, 396° ee
maculatus, 397° .
Nelson, Julius, cited, 379°
Newts, 403! ;
Nomenclature of serpents, 359-60"; «
scales, 361°-62° 4
Nonvenomous snakes, 360!
Northern frog, 4067
Northern rattlesnake, 361? 9
Northern tree toad, 4055
Occipital plates, defined, 362°
Opheodrys aestivus, 369°-70°
hodon pees 400!
_” cinereus, 400*
dorsalis, 400°
-_ erythronotus, 400°
_ glutinosus, 4008-1!
at ethodontidae, 400'-29
eurodelidae, 403!
ond turtles, 393°-95°
ostocular p’ates, defined, 362?
ostorbital plates, defined, 362°
Prairie rattlesnake, 3612
refrontal plates, defined, 362!
reocular plates, defined, 352%
roteida, 396%, 397!
Proteidae, 397?
Pseudemys hieroglyphica, 394°
-rubriventris, 3944
Racer, 372?
ana cantabrigensis, 407°
catesbiana, 407}
clamata, 406°
fontinalis, 406°
halecina, 406?
palustris, 406+
= Se ee salamander, 4008
-seudogeographic tortoise, 393°-94?
Red-bellied terrapin, 394+
Red eft, 403°
Red garter snake, 3844
Red salamander, 4019-22. >
Reed, H. D., acknowledgments to, 356°, _
357'; cited, 363°, 3677, 369°, 3713, 372%,
3754, 3784, 3813, 381°, 391
Reference list, 357°-59?
Regina leberis, 378°--79°
rigida, 378°
Reptiles, breeding habits, 360’; collect-
ing and preparing, 4077-94
Ribbon snake, 3814
Ring-necked snake, 367?
Rockland county, snakes of, 363°
Rostral plate, defined, 362
Rough green snake, 369°-70°
Salamanders, 397°-403°
Salamandra bilineata, 4014
coccinea, 403°
erythronota, 400+
fasciata, 3987
glutinosa, 4008-1!
granulata, 3997
longicauda, 4017
picta, 402°
rubra, 401°-2?
salmonea, 401°
subviolacea, 399?
Salientia, 396°, 40.°-77
Salmon-colored salamander, 401?
Salt marsh turtle, 394?
Salt water terrapin, 394°
Scales, nomenclature, 361°-62°
Scaphiopus holbrookii, 404°
solitarius, 404°
Scarlet salamander, 405°
Sceloporus undulatus, 390
4008, 401°
Smooth green snake, 369!
Snakes, breeding habits, 3607; collecting
and preparing, 4077-9*
_ Snapping turtles, 392°
-Soft-shelled turtles, 391°-92°, 3934
Southern tier, no records, 364!
Southwick, E. B., cited, 388°
Spadefoot, 404°
Speckled tortoise, 395°
Spelerpes bilineatus, 4014
longicauda, 401°
ruber, 401°-2?
Spotted garter snake, 3834
Spotted salamander, 399!
Spotted tortoise, 395°
Spring frog, 406°
Stejneger, Leonhard, cited, 361°, 377°,
407°
Sternothaerus odoratus, 3934
Stiff snake, 378°
Stink pot, 393?
Storeria, 360°, 364°
dekayi, 380', 380?
occipitomaculata, 356°, 3807-81
Striped-back salamander, 4014
Striped gurter snake, 3837-84?
Subcaudal plates, defined, 362°
Superciliary plates, defined, 362!
Superior labial plates, defined, 362°
Swift lizard, 390°
Temporal plates, defined, 362+
Terry, W. J., cited, 391?
Thamnophis sauritus, 3814
sirtalis, 3825-83!
dorsalis, 384°
ordinatus, 3834
"Smith, W. HL, cited, 376", 387!, bo ee
it
niger, 309 ee
tigrinus, 399° Ry
niger, 377° a
rigidus, 3755 | Re...
sipedon, 877785
taenia, 382*-83!
Turtles, 3915-95"
Urodela, 396°, 397403"; metamo
sis, 397°; families, 3975
Urosteges, defined, 362?
_
Variation in animals, 3627-63
Eutaenia sirtalis, 3827; ot Osce
doliata, 3744 3
Venomous snakes, 361! ae 4
Vertical plate, defined, 361°-62"
Wallace, W. Seward, sckninle e
ments to, 356°, 857°; cited, 363°, 3
367°, 368", 3697, 370°, 3714, 372%, ¢ 7
375°, 378°, 3807, 381%, 381%, 383°, 3
Water snake, 3774-785 a
Wood frog, 4074
Wood terrapin, 3954
Wood tortoise, 3954
Worm snake, 366°-67?
Zamenis, 360°, 364°
constrictor, 370°-714
When sale to that Sie eiSe by ‘secondhand hooksellers to
is bution to cases of special need. Such prices are inclosed
Ww
ations are in paper covers, unless binding is specified.
annual reports 1847-date. AJ in print to 1892, 50¢ a
75¢ in cloth ; 1892-date, 75¢, cloth.
ors are made up of the reports of the director, geologist, paleontolo-
and or genet i and museum bulletins and memoirs, issued as
gist’s annual reports 1881-date, Rep’ts 1, 3-13, 17—date, O. ;
16, Pio
cacial reports of the early natural history survey, 1836-42 are out of print.
orts 1-4, 1881-84 were published only in separate form. Of the 5th report
| Ss were reprinted in the 39th museum report, and a supplement to the
ith report was included in the 40th museum report. The 7th and subsequent
eports are included in the 41st and following museum reports, except that
ain lithographic plates in the 11th report (1891), 13th (1893) are omitted
rom the 45th and 47th museum reports.
8 Separate volumes of the following only are available.
Report Price Report Price Report Price
12 (1892) $.50 16 «$1 ; 19 $.40
yaar 0 ee RAY iss i 7 eet ene | 20 In press
$ 15 1 18 15
: In 1898 the paleontologic work of the state was made distinct from the geo-
logic and will hereafter be reported separately.
aleontologist’s annual reports 1899—date.
See fourth note under Geologist’s reports.
Bound also with museum reports of which they form a part. Reports for 1899
and 1900 muy be had for 20c each. Beginning with 1901 these reports will
ye issued as bulletins.
Botanist’s annual reports 1869-date.
- Bound also with museum reports 22-date of which they form a part; the first
JOtanist’s report appeared in the 22d museum report and is numbered 22.
Reports 22-41, 48, 49, 50 and 52 (Museum bulletin 25) are out of print; 42-47
are inaccessible. Report 51 may be had for 40c; 53 for 20c; 54 for 50c.
Beginning with 1901 these reports will be issued as bulletins.
_ Descriptions and illustrations of edible, poisonous and unwholesome fungi of
New York have been published in volumes 1 and 8 of the 48th museum report
‘and i in volume 1 of the 49th, 51st and 52d reports. The botanical part of the 51st
Is available also in separate form. The descriptions aud illustrations of edible
pend unwholesome species contained in the 49th, 51st and 52d reports have been
Tevised and rearranged, and combined with others more recently prepared and
constitute Museum memoir 4.
3 ntomologist’s annual reports on the injurious and other insects
| of the State of New York 1882-date.
_ Bound also with museum reports of which they form a part. Beginning with
1898 these reports have been issued as bulletins. Reports 3-4 are out of print,
other reports with prices are:
Report Price Report Price Report Price
1 = $.50 8 =$.25 13 $.10
2 .30 9 25 14 (Mus. bul. 23) .20
5 25 10 3) 15 ( Ge 31) .15
| 6 15 11 25 16 ( ¥ 36) .25
a a .20 12 25 17 In press
Reports 2, 8-12 may also be obtained bound fog seh in cloth at 25c in
addition to the price given above.
a°.&
. oe Volume 1. 6 nos. ge
I Marshall, W: B. Preliminary List of New \
2 Peck, C:H. Contributions to the Botany of the S
66p. 2pl. May 1887, [35¢]
3 Smock, J: C. Building Stone in the State of Nes
Mar. 1888. Out of print.
4 Nason, F. L. Some New York Minerals and their ¥ |
tpl. Aug. 1888. 5c. ; alt bi 2
5 Lintner, J. A. White Grub of the May Beetle. 32p. il. Nov.
6 Cut-worms. 36p. il. Nov. 1888. zoe.
a
Volume 2. 4 mos. [$1.50] in cloth ¥ » ="
7 Smock, J: C. First Report on the Iron Mines and Iron Ore Dist
in New York. 6+470p. map 58x60cm. June 1889. pri
8 Peck, C: H. Boleti of the United States. g6p. Sep. 1889.
9 Marshall, W: B. Beaks of Unionidae inhabiting the Vicinity z
Albany, N. Y. 24p. tpl. Aug. 1890. soc. dae i,
Io Smock, J: C. Building Stone in New York. 21op. may 58 6
tab. Sep. 1890. 40¢. F —-
Volume 3. 5 os. -
II Merrill, F: J. H. Salt and Gypsum Industries in New Vouk 92
12pl. 2 maps 38x58, 61x66cm, 11 tab. Ap. 1893. 00. | “J
12 Ries, Heinrich. Ciay Industries of New York. 174p. 2pl. m:
59x67cm. Mar. 1895. 30c.
13 Lintner, J. A. Some destructive Insects of New York State ; 4
José Scale. 54p- 7pl. Ap. 1895. r5c.
14 Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Townships, Essex ¢
N. Y., with Notes on the Iron Mines. 38p. 7pl. 2 Maps 30X33, 38x4
cm. ‘Sep. 1895. Oc.
15 Merrill, F: J. H. Mineral Resources of New York. 224p. 2 mi
23x36, 59x67cm. Sep. 1895. oc.
Volume 4
16 Beauchamp, W: M. Aboriginal chipped Stone Implements of Ne
York. 86p. 23pl. Oct. 1897. 25¢.
17 Merrill, F: J. H. Road Materials and Road Building in New Yor
5 2p. 14pl. 2 maps 34x45, 68xg2cm. Oct. 1897. r5¢.
Maps separate soc each, two for zs5c.
18 Beauchamp, W: M. Polished Stone Articles used by the New Ye
Aborigines. 1o4p. 35pl. Nov. 1897. 25¢.
2
re aie 5
‘Elm-leaf Beetle in New York State. : 46p. il. spl. Ba ;
Ses .
.F. Geology of the Lake Placid Region. 24p. rpl. map
3% Sep. 1898. 5c. Bates =
, W: M._ Earthenware of the New York Aborigines.
’ Oct. 1898. 25¢. Pate: Se
ia 14th Report of the State Entoniolgeet 1808. 15op. il. ‘
Dec. 1898. 200. t
—— Memorial of the Life and entomologic Work of J. A. Lintner
R= PhD. ‘State Entomologist 1874-98; Index to Entomologist’s Reports
ee 316p. rpl. Oct. 1899. 35¢.
Supplement to 14th report of the state entomologist.
teem, ©: H.- Report of the State Botanist sas 76p. spl. Oct.
r 1899. Out of print. |
Volume 6
26 Felt, E. P. Collection, Preservation and Distribution of New York
= Insects, 36p.il. Ap. 1899. 5c.
Shade-tree Pests in New York State. 26p. il. spl. May 1899. 5c.
28 Peck, C: H. Plants of North Elba. 206p. map 12x16cm. June
=) 1899. 20¢. | ;
29 Miller, G. S. jr. Preliminary List of New York Mammals. 124p.
Be Oct, 1899. ae
30 Orton, Edward. Petroleum and natural Gas in New York. 136p.
il. 3 maps 13x23, 7x22, gx14cm. Nov. 1899. 5c.
31 Felt, E. P. x5th Report of the State Entomologist 1899. 128p.
3 June 1g00. I5¢.
=
2°
Volume 7
32 Beauchamp, W: M. ~ Aboriginal cageearae of New York. 1gop.
_ 16pl. 2 maps 44x35, 93.5x69.5cm. Mar. 1900. 306.
33 Farr, M.S. Check List of New York Birds. 224p. Ap.1900. 25¢.
34 Cumings, E. R. Lower Silurian System of eastern Montgomery
County; Prosser, C: S. Notes on the Stratigraphy of Mohawk Valley
and Saratoga County, N. Y. 74p. ropl. map 32.5x44cm. May
1900. I5¢.
35 Ries, Heinrich. Clays of New York: their Properties and Uses.
456p. 140pl. map 93.5x69.5cm. June 1900. $7, cloth.
36 Felt, E.P. 16th Report of the State Entomologist 1900. 118p. 16pl.
Mar. EgoL, 25¢.
om _— —— Se
Volume 8
37 Catalogue of Some of the more important Injurious and Benefi-
cial Insects of New York State. 54p.il. Sep. 1900. oc.
38 Miller, G.S. jr. Key to the Land Mammals of northeast North
America. 106p. Oct. 1900. r5¢.
39 Clarke, J: M.; Simpson, G: B. & Loomis, F: B. Paleontologic Papers 1.
m72p. i. 16pl, Oct. 1900. rs.
Contents: Clarke, J: M. A remarkable Occurrence of Orthoceras in the
Oneonta Beds of the Chenango Valley, N. Y.
——Paropsonema Cryptophya; a peculiar Echinoderm from the Intumescens-
zone (Portage Beds) of western New York.
—— Dictyonine Hexactinellid Sponges from the Upper Devonie of New York.
—— The Water Biscuit of Squaw Island, Canandaigua Lake, N. Y
ins
‘pte?
ti ed
ae pe
Cac es
os) “a7 4%
4
a os pani ey a :
ee eee a :
ey simpson, <a: B. F
' = on cipal? ig Ahn
eS Sones denon a
‘ é 4 ” x {
> . 4 v he . = ’
Pras ye “ee
gp” — .
yt ;
Pe, a foe
1d
wh ttn
ae Faye ee, ae ryolo OE eal
Oct. 1901 Re kr re
be eased ah +, WIM. Be IS eae 5.
rT vac : a . .
aad ae —.
Ruedemann, Rudolf. Hudson River Beds near All
nomic Equivalents. 4 2pl. map 24.5x51.5cm.
43 Kellogg, J. L. Clam and Scallop Industries of New Y
Ree i
44 Ries, Heinrich. Lime and Cement. es of New
Eckel, E.C. Chapters on the Cement Industry, “4
Volume 9 i 9S
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Grabau, A.W. Geology and Paleontology of Niaga
Vicinity. 286p. il. :8pl. map 38x84.scm. Ap. rgor.
Felt, E. P. Scale Insects of Importance and a st o
New York. 4p. il. rspl. June rgor. 25¢. ae
Needham, J. G. & Betten, Cornelius. Aquatic Insects in t
dacks. 234p. il. 36pl. Sep. rg01. oe. ee
Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of Nassau County a
ough of Queens. 58p. il. gpl. map 35x71cm. Dec.
8]
a >
Volume 10 © oe Ss ae
Ruedemann, Rudolf; Clarke, J: M. & Wood, Elvira. Paleontolo
Papers 2. 240p.13pl. Dec. 1901. oe. : : ee
Contents: Ruedemann, Rudolf. Trenton Conglomerate of F ysedo ph Hill.
Clarke, J: M. Limestones of central and western New York Interbedded 1
a ag
bituminous Shales of the Marcellus Stage. Be he P53
Wood, Elvira. Marcellus Limestones of Lancaster, Erie Co. N. Y. chee,
Clarke, J: M. New Agelacrinites. ‘|
—— Value of Amnigenia as an Indicator of fresh-water Deposits during tl
Devonic of New York, Ireland and the Rhineland. ~ tae
Beauchamp, W: M. Horn and Bone Implements of the New
Indians. r12p. 43pl. Mar. 1g02. 300. . Pe
Batachins
Eckel, E. C. & Paulmier, F.C. Catalogue of Reptiles and Batr
of New York. 64p. il. rpl. Ap. 1902. r5¢.
Eckel, E. C. Serpents of northeastern United States.
Paulmier, F.C. Lizards, Tortoises and Batrachians of New York.
Clarke, J: M. Report of the State Paleontologist 1901. Jn press.
Felt, E. P. 17th Report of the State Entomologist rgor. ae €55
Merrill, F: J. H. Directory of Natural History Museums in Uni
States and Canada. /n press. .
Peck, C: H. Report of the State Botanist 1901. Zn press.
Merrill, F: J. H. Geologic Map of New York. Jn preparation.
Bean, T. H. Catalogue of the Fishes of New York. Jn p
Dickinson, H. T, Bluestone Quarries in New York. Jn press.
Beauchamp, W: M. Metallic Implements of the New York
dians. Jn press. =
Whitlock, H. P. Guide to the Mineral Collections of the New York
State Museum. Jn press.
Clarke, J: M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. The Guelph Formation and
Fauna of western New York. Jn preparation.
Clarke, J: M. Catalogue of Type Specimens of Paleozoic Fossils ir
the New York State Museum. Jn press.
of t ae State of New York
State Museum
c MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS couteard
‘memoirs 1889-date. Q.
C: E. & Clarke, J: M. . Development of. F seme Silurian
poda. g6p. Spl. Oct. 1889. Out of print.
Il, James & Clarke, J: M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 350p. il.
I. Oct. 1899. $2, cloth.
e, J: M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia
9. N. Y. x128p. gpl. Oct. 1900. Soc.
¢,C:H. N.Y. edible Fungi, 1895-99. r06p. 25pl. Nov. 1900. 75¢.
cakades revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the
, lst and 52d reports of the state botanist.
ural history of New York. 3ov.il.pl.maps. Q. Albany 1842-94.
I 1 zootocy. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The New
( Bc Pinna, comprising detailed Descriptions of all the Animals hitherto ob-
erved within the State of New York with brief Notices of those occasionally
0 und near its Borders, and accompanied by appropriate Illustrations. 5 v. il.
1. maps. sq. Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print.
orical introduction to the series by Gov. W: H. Seward. 178p.
ptl Mammalia.. 13+146p. 33pl. 1842.
30 copies with hand-colored plates.
2 pt2 Birds. 12+-380p. 14lpl. 1844.
olored pla
5 ae Reptiles and Amphibia. 7-+98p. ta Fishes. 15-+415p. 1842.
bound together.
_ Plates to accompany v.3. Reptiles and Amphibia 23pl. Fishes 79pl. 1842.
0 ) copies with hand-colored plates.
eet Mollusea. 4+271p. 40pl. pt6 Crustacea. 70p. 13pl. 1843-44.
nd-colored plates: pt5-6 bound together.
VISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey,John. Flora of the State of New York; comprising
‘ull Descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized Plants hitherto dis-
covered i in the State, with Remarks on their economical and medical Proper-
ies. 2y.il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1843. Out of print.
1 Flora of the State of New York. 12+484p. 72pl. 1843.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.
2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.
IVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; comprising
' detailed Descriptions of the Minerals hitherto found in the State of New York,
‘and Notices of their Uses in the Arts and Agriculture. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
1842. Out of print.
. 1 pth Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24-+536p. 1842.
8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text.
¥
VISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W: W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lardner
| & Hall, J ames. Geology of New York. 4v. il. pl. sq. Q: Albany 1842-43.
| Out of print.
rj 1ptl Mather, W: W. First geological District. 37+-653p. 46pl. 1843.
.2pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second geological District. 10-+-437p.17pl. 1842.
7.3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third geological District. 306p. 1842.
s apit Hall, James. Fourth geological District. 99-4 683p. Map and 19pl.
DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York; com-
| prising an Account of the Classification, Composition and Distribution of the
| Soils and Rocks aud the natural Waters of the different geological Formations,
_ together with a condensed View of the Meteorology and agricultural Produc-
"tions of the State, 5v. il. pl.sq.Q. Albany 1846-54. Out of print.
2 of the State, their Composition avd Distribution. 11-+-371p. 21pl.
6
£2 Analyses of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8-+-343+-46p. 42pl. 1849.
With Seat eatored plates.
pl. 8c Qe “Albany 47-94, 4 : .
vig tate lorer Dam he Kw ork
ees: Remains of lower Midate. Division of the Ney v
p. 104p]. 1852. Out.of print Sei J
' ae eee Organic Remams of the lower Helderberg Gromp and ne
stone. ptl, text. 12-4532p. 1859. [83.50]. ; hat ar
—— pt2, 143pl. 1861. $2.50. + ae .
‘ v.4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the upper Ficldet ena Hamilte tag
“a mung Groups. 11-+-1+428p. 99pl. 1867. $2.50.
~. v.5 ptl_ Lamellibrancbiata 1. pone of the upper Helé
— -and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50. 3 ;
—— — Lamellibranchiata 2. Dist ecia of the upper er Hel iderberg,
- ** Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 51pl. 1
—— pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the t
Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. uP
vy. 2, 120pl. $2.50 for 2 v. 1
v.6 Corals aud Bryozoa of the lower and upper Helderberg and
Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50. :
v.7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Slang 42 be ig sIderberg, |
ton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. Aas ig '
supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Contnlopoan au sian A2p.
1888. $2.50. Poo:
v.8ptl Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Palecaatam
16+-367p. 44 pl. 1892. $2.50. ae
—— pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394p. 84pl. 1894. $2.50. oa
Museum handbooks 1893-date. 7%4x12% cm. oo eee
= quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies-postpai
~ below. :
Hs New York State Museum. 14p. il. 930.
Outlines history and work of the museum; with list of ‘Staff and ¢ cien
publications, 1893.
H13 Paleontology. 8p. 2¢.
Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Defir i
Relation to biology; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in 1
York.
H15 Guide to Excursions in the fossiliferous Rocks of New Yo
120p. dS. s€
Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of paleozoic rocks
pared specially for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint th
selves more intimately with the classic rocks of this state.
H16 Entomology. 8p. Out of print.
H17 Geology. Jn preparation.
Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and geologic Map of the §
of New York. 59x67 om. 1894. Outof print.
Scale 14 miles to Linch. New edition in preparation. P
Printed also with Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th museum report, ¥.1.
Geologic Map of New York. r1g01. $3. Mounted on rollers
Seale 5 miles to 1 inch.
P 7
[ 2.
oo Tr aan = =a Zi
»
hs?
2
ee ay
©
7 =
ui ron oo ee. al —s “ vee “ NOC . Unaast 5 » >
) V A iT ST TL ; ON. NOINLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS S31YVYEI7_ LIBRARIES, SMITHSONIA
eer “OC 4 < = < aE =
— P z = a a \\ \S =
2 . = ty o = « oO A . =
oe g zZ g | ZR 2
~ y — = Ee < = x
5 a > = > = >
1c ’ .. sn Zz ” 2 ” -, =
LONE : S3IYVYSIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIW
ec Se 2 2 a z ny z <.°
, Oo a uw po a0 — ” Ns
a) = ce 2 e : : 4 ENS
wy) & = d : : : 2 Bas
iy.a/ + =| . \
a i 5 a @ 3 2 2 N
ee a =! z end z ad *,
IBF AR ee STITUTION NOLLLISNI NvINOSHLINS_ S3 1YVYUGIT LIBRARI ES~ SMITHSONIAI
“ : - “Tes } F aad ‘» = =
fo-70 ion oO pe oO co © y
> w — ow = ~ Y
AX 5 2 E Fo > 0 = GL
z > E > E > J pie Dh
‘ 7 — aw —_— zw — - V7, ad “a fi
y/ - — be i Ke za = C7 C%, .
Nano: ayy ”. m “” m w” mn on” * -:
ON NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS S31uvua!T LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NYINOSHLIWS
7 ~. : : i £ aoe i» 3
$29. 2 é : 2 Xo i &?
: ” 2 “” ce VAS = JE x ZED
jh 2 E 3 2 = AY SLA fl =
= % = 38 = E NOY 2,7 7" £
ar LIBRARIES "SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION pNOILALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYaIy LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN
ay z > ”
OA E20NoD wu 29 NG uu ” WW = lu Lp
2 KAMP) = [ZATHO, = “4 ce if - ¥¢¥4
wer) .
sae
=
2a 0 SNI
io 4
=
‘
NVINOSHLIW
NOILNLILS
a
iN
hae
1ES SMITHSONIAN
JRARIES_ SMITHSONIAN
SAIUVUGIT LIBRAR
7 A.
& FF
SAS
a | re 5 7
ae F >
. q
. ONIAN
4
2
s’saruvuagl
NVINOSHLINS
SI1uVe
N” NOILNLILSNI
NOILNLILSNI
1 LIBRARIES
INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI
INSTITUTI
SMITHSONIAN
. 3 Bs: : x ‘ ,
wr E
r ae *
av
%
* ur » = i
a as
NVINOSHLINS S
ry
?
e
NVINOSHLIW
SMITHSONIAN _ It
Te
*.
LIBRARIES
NVINOSHLIWS S$
4
z z io z
Kuso Oo Ss ow =
) Ke re =x =
oF = . a
; i > 7
x z = e
ae = a” =
= ca wo” —
IINLILSN! NVINOSHLINS S31YVYUaIT SMITHSONIAN 1
a oe Ss iad Ww =
- = + = <
z 4 z 4 z
oO sas O : ss Oo
w w uv 2) Ww
pS © « ae oO bs
va = se Z Lien
igh Gas sare 5:
BRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLIWS |S
2 2 see's?
li Ww uJ KS uJ
fe = > 2 WN =
< z < = .
: : : OND |
sige Lo Oo an a
eT = ol S rs wll
ILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS _ S23 1yYVvug ipa LIBRARI ES_ SMITHSONIAN
‘
- Oo _ Oo ae ee.
2 5 7 5 Ly, 2
> DW Js
= - = EO i"?
_ w on w
S3RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS S§
. ” SE 05 wn Fa w
= < rN = i * =
: z= xX + = al coat
Ss
; 5 SAG i 8 :
4 é RSS Oo gh * oO
E WZ. : z,
= “sa” > = >
3 9088 01300
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11