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Published monthly by the

New York State Education Department

BULLETIN 343 JUNE 1905

New York State Museum

Joun M. CrarKe Director
EPHRAIM PorTER FELT State Entomologist.

Bulletin 86
ENTOMOLOGY 23

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

aon KEPORT-ON AQUATIC INSECTS

A study conducted at the entomologic field station, Ithaca N. Y. under the direction of

EPHRAIM PORTER FELT D.Sc.

BY
JAMES G. NEEDHAM Ph.D. Professor of biology, Lake Forest College
KENNETH J. MORTON F.E.S.L. Edinburgh, Scotland
O. A. JOHANNSEN M.S. Instructor in civil engineering, Cornell University

PAGE PAGE
MC eo cin det Sa es bwin nes 4 | Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera
MMEMUUCIOT 6.0... 6.5 eee cee hen jing iis OWA JOHANNSEN $2.23 302 76
Summer Food of the Bullfrog at Explanation to the plates........ 316
Saranac Inn. J.G.NEEDHAM og | Legenda to text figures Oa 331
Pomemendac, J. G. NEEDHAM... 17 | Plates 1-37.0.¢..5.0-2 0.0. e5. face 332
North American Hydroptilidae. I ChESG Mere ee eet NSU, Gori oeh te ee 333
PAE ONGORTON oo ...... 02-645 63
ALBANY
NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
1905

Merrgm-S4-2009

Price 80 cents

1908
IQI4
IQI2
1907

To1IO0 CHARLES A. GARDINER Ph.D. L.H.D.

TOTS
IQII
1909
1916

SPAGE

OF NEW | YORK

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Regents of the University

With years when terms expire

1913 WHITELAW Reip M-A. LL.D. Chancellor -— -
1906 St. Cuatr McKetway MA. L.A), LE Dee

Vice Chancellor Svea ee eG ne
DANTE BeaAce Ph.D? bibs.
PEINY Sb xcrone alge Daas. eae

Ty GUILFORD Sait oi SC LE De eee
Witktam Norrrincram Wik. PhD? Gib
jis el eds oO

CHarLes S. Francis B.S. - -: -
EpwaArD LAUTERBACH M.A. -. -
Pocene “A.* Pumpin: 2B LED
EUCIANe LL SeEDDEN* Cb Dee

Commissioner of Education

ANDREW S. Draper LL.D.

Assistant Commissioners

New York-

Brooklyn
Watkins
Palmyra
Buffalo
Syracuse
New York
Troy

New York
New York
Plattsburg

Howarp J. Rocers M.A. LL.D. First Assistant Commissioner
Epwarp J. Goopwin Lit.D. Second Assistant Commissioner
Avucustus S. Downinc M.A. Third Assistant Commissioner

Secretary to the Commissioner

Haran H. Horner B.A.

Director of Libraries and Home Education

Mervin, Dewey LED:

Director of Science and State Museum

jJonn: Mo Crearki ap:

Chiefs of Divisions

Accounts, WILLIAM Mason

Attendance, JAMES D. SULLIVAN
Examinations, CHARLES F. WHEELOCK B.S.
Inspections, FranK H. Woop M.A.
Law, THomMAS FE. Finecan M.A.

Records, CHARLES E. FitcH L.H.D.

Statistics, Hiram C. CASE

State Museum, Albany N.Y. Oct. 17, 1904

Hon. Andrew S. Draper
Commissioner of Education, Capitol
SSmr: I beg to transmit herewith, for publication as a bulletin
of this division, a third report on aquatic insects, entitled May
Flies and Midges of New York by Dr J. G. Needham, Special
Assistant to the State Entomologist.
| Very respectfully
JOHN M. CLARKE
| Director
State of New York
Education Department
COMMISSIONER’S Room
Approved for publication Oct. 24, 1904

Commissioner of Education

PREFACE

This, the third report upon work begun in 1900, like its
predecessors, marks an important advance in knowledge. The
first report, State Museum Bulletin 47, consisting of 230 pages
and 36 plates, gave the life histories of about one hundred aquatic
forms and characterized ten species and two new genera. ‘The
most important portion of this work was the monographic ac-
count of the larger dragon flies (Odonata Anisoptera).
There were also valuable additions to our knowledge of the stone
flies (Plecoptera) and the May flies (Ephemeridae),
and the admirable account of the Caddis flies (Trichoptera),
by Mr Betten, deserves special mention because of its careful bio-
logic treatment of a heretofore much neglected group. The
second report, State Museum Bulletin 68, comprised 419 pages
and 52 plates and was a continuation of the preceding. The
monograph of the Odonata is completed by an exhaustive
account of the smaller dragon flies (Zygoptera). Among
the important contributions may be mentioned: The key to
Coleopterous larvae with an account of some aquatic
Chrysomelidae by Dr MacGillivray, the discussion of cer-
tain aquatic nematocerous Diptera by Dr Johannsen, and a
monograph on the Sialididae of the Western Hemisphere.
The present report is a continuation of the work, and among its
valuable features should be noted the monographic account of
our May flies, a group of great importance as food for fish. The
small midges, belonging to the Chironomidae, are very
important as fish-food and have been treated exhaustively by Mr
Johannsen. These three publications mark a most decided ad-
vance in our knowledge of aquatic forms and, with the publica-
tion of the monograph on stone flies now in ‘preparation, a large
fund of information will be available for the student of aquatic
forms.

This study, as was pointed out in the introduction to the first
report, has been made upon broad lines with the avowed purpose
of producing something of value to the fish culturist, who must.
first of all be able to identify aquatic forms, something well-nigh

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 5

impossible, before these reports were made public. The investi-
gations of Dr 8. A. Forbes of Illinois convinced him that nearly
one-fifth of the entire amount of food consumed by all adult fishes
examined by him consisted of aquatic neuropteroid larvae, the
greater part of them being the young of May flies. It may never
be possible to rear aquatic insects for the purpose of feeding fish,
but it certainly is feasible in some instances to provide conditions
adapted to multiplication of aquatic insects, and therefore valu-
able as feeding grounds for fish. The history of the shellfish in-
dustry gives a little idea of the possibilities along this line. A
number of years ago it was at a very low ebb, owing to unscien-
tific methods in vogue and the lack of individual control. This
has been changed and we now have a thriving industry producing
over two million dollars ($2,309,758) worth of products, accord-
ing to the report of the United States Fish Commission for 1900.
It is exceedingly difficult to obtain figures relating to the value of
our fresh-water fishes, but a compilation from the report of the
United States Fish Commission for the year 1900 gives the total
value of fresh-water fish in the Hudson river valley and Long
Island at over one million dollars ($1,192,544), and the report
for 1901 places the value of fresh-water fish obtained in the State
from the Great Lakes at nearly one-fourth a million ($241,916).
These figures, it will be observed, give no idea of the value of
fresh-water fish taken in various lakes and streams throughout
the State, aside from the areas mentioned above. Comparing the
water areas available for shellfish culture and those suitable for
the development of fresh-water fish, it will be seen that there is a
considerable discrepancy in favor of the latter and yet the value
of the product is much smaller. It is stated that a large propor-
tion of the market fish of China are erown in ponds, and that
carp culture is an important industry not only in China but in

_ Germany, and that formerly carp were extensively reared in Eng-

land. Germany and Sweden, and lately France, have also done
considerable along this line.

It is hardly likely that this country will adopt Chinese methods,
because the great difference in the price of labor makes it imprac-
ticable; still the proper knowledge of the conditions suitable

6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

for the growth and multiplication of fish may put it within the
power of many to make substantial additions to the productivity
of areas under control, without great increase in the cost of man-
agement. These investigations have been conducted primarily to
ascertain the relations existing between fish and insects they feed
upon, and the conditions necessary for the development of large
amounts of fish-food. Much of the preliminary work has been
accomplished, and the data already obtained should prove of great
service to parties interested in fish culture, especially in making

heretofore barren waters productive.
HK. P. Fevr

State Entomologist

New York State Education Department

New York State Museum

JoHN M. CLARKE Director

Bulletin 86
ENTOMOLOGY 23

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

I. INTRODUCTION.
BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM

This bulletin includes further results of the study of material
gathered under the auspices of the New York entomologic field
station, and is therefore complementary to bulletins 47 and 68
of this same series. Bulletin 47 contains the more general re-
sults of the first field season spent at Saranac Inn, introductory
keys to aquatic insect larvae, numerous life histories, and a de-
tailed report of the dragonflies (OdonataAnisoptera)
of New York State. Bulletin 68 contains the main results of
the second field season spent at Ithaca, further life histories,
detailed reports on the damselfiies (Odonata-Zygoptera)
of the state, on aquatic plant-beetles (Chrysomelidae), on
certain families of nematocerous diptera, and on American
Sialididae; also, an account of the food of the brook trout
in Bone pond.

This bulletin contains the work of three collaborators who
have labored apart on the remaining material gathered for the
station. Mr O. A. Johannsen furnishes the major part, in the
form of a completed review of the Chironomidae. Not-

_ withstanding that these little gnats are enormously abundant

everywhere and are of first importance among insects affecting
fish culture, this is the first American monograph we have had
dealing with the family to which they belong. It is a generic
treatment of the world fauna, together with detailed descriptions
and life histories (mostly new) of our known species. It is a

8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

work of first importance, and will doubtless serve as a basis for
future studies in this long-neglected family.

Mr K. J. Morton of Edinburgh contributes a paper on the
micro-caddisflies of the family Hydroptilidae of Tri-

choptera, whichis De the beginning of the study of
this group in America.

My own part in this bulletin is a second contribution to the
knowledge of our may-flies. Because of the great economic im-
portance of this group also, I have thought it.worth while to
attempt to provide American students with a better introduc-
tion to the study of the group than has hitherto been generally
available. Hence, in addition to new life histories, I have pre-
pared new generic keys to both nymphs and adults, which, with
the detailed explanations and figures, should enable even a
novice to take up the study of this neglected group with some
hope of success. ?

I have also prepared a brief report on the summer food of the
bullfrog (Rana catesbiana Shaw) at Saranac Inn, and in
the discussion of that food have included a number of ecological
and systematic notes, among which is a new key to our genera of
Hemerobiidae.

I planned also to include herein a report on the stoneflies
(Perlidae) and did much work to that end: but the station
collections are large, and much material has come to me from
friends outside, and my manuscript has grown until it now
seems better not to include it herein, but to make a separate
bulletin of it. I am therefore continuing the work with the
purpose of making the next station bulletin a monograph of
North American Perlidae. I should be greatly obliged if
American collectors who have even a few specimens would send
me them for study.

In this place I may add a note supplementary to bulletin 68.
The “unknown tipulid larva from a spring ” described on pp.285-
986 and figured in pl.10, figs.4-5, is Pedicia albivitta
Walker. Had Beling’s third paper on Tipulid larvae
(Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wiel, vol. 36) been available fo me when I
was studying this larvae, I should have been able to determine
it from his keys and description. The “unknown leptid larva
from rapid streams” of p.286 and pl.10, fig.1, is doubtless a

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 9

species of Atherix, as has been kindly indicated to me in
correspondence by both Professor A. Giard of Paris and Dr R.
Lauterborn of Ludwigshafen.

THE SUMMER FOOD OF THE BULLFROG (RANA CATES-
; BIANA SHAW) AT SARANAC INN
(With plate 1)
BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM

Bullfrogs are common at Saranac Inn. Any warm evening
their sonorous notes may be heard reverberating through the
tamarack swamps, echoing and reechoing across Little Clear
pond between Green hill and the outlet, or rising with a startling
crescendo near at hand from the shallows of the reedy creek,
_ setting the thread-rushes trembling, and fretting the face of the
water with infinitestimal wavelets, striking with wonder and
admiration the ears of the stranger accustomed only to the
vocal powers of the lesser civilized frogs, By day they sit in the
edge of the water, stolidly basking in the sunshine, picking a
straying bee or dragonfly out of the air, or lapping a floating ant
or an emerging caddisfly from the surface of the water, eating
much or little according to the bestowal of Providence, and when
alarmed by our too close approach, plunging away with a single
- dilatory and awkward leap into deeper water. Their tadpoles,
likewise of phenomenal size, are to be seen about the submerged
timbers in Little Clear pond and creek. They are oftenest
observed resting upon the logs in the sunshine. Frequently,
when crossing the bridge over Big Clear creek on the Otisville
road during our first field season, I stopped to watch them sun-
ning themselves on the submerged bridge timbers, and often
dropped pebbles upon them to see them swim away. They would
wriggle and sidle and slide off the timbers, and then with a
motion that appeared most deliberate strike a straight course
obliquely downward far away across the clear deep waters of the
stream, moving slowly forward by sculling undulations of the
enormous banner-like tail.

During July and August, 1900, I preserved the food of a number
of adult bullfrogs from Little Clear creek, taking the stomachs of
chance specimens that were killed for food and preserving and

10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

cleaning the contents. Most of the specimens were obtained for
me by my friend Dr O. 8S. Westcott of Chicago, who was visiting
the station at that time. I suggested that he test the efficiency
of a hook and line baited with a little piece of red silk flirted near
the bullfrogs’ heads. He reported the capture of every specimen
properly approached; said that bullfrogs are abject idiots; said
that if one is not hooked at his first dash for the dangling cloth,
but gets his mouth snagged, he will go for the bait again and
again as eagerly as at first. It is indeed remarkable how the
predatory reflexes incited by the sight of the dangling red cloth
prevail over the effects of the wounds.

There now remain in the New York State collection the pre-
served contents of the stomachs of fifteen of these frogs, and I
have studied this material, with the aid of Mr W. H. Ferguson,
and report on it here. The following table is largely the work
of Mr Ferguson. I have added to it the single record published
in bulletin 47 p.401, making 16 in all.

The traditional account of the manner of the bullfrog’s feeding
pictures him sitting immobile on a bank, watching for insects
passing through the air, and, when these approach, capturing
them by flirting out his long, bifurcated, sticky tongue and
striking them. The picture is incomplete. Doubtless he cap-
tures some of the bees and hover flies and others of the fleetest
insects in just this way, but the larger, heavier and slower ones
he endeavors to meet half way. For instance, on the approach of
a big caddisfly or a blackwing damselfly, he becomes greatly ex-
cited, especially after an unsuccessful stroke at it, and leaps and
plunges toward it with tongue and jaws both reaching for it.
Some of the larger of his captives would not be held by the
adhesiveness of his tongue without the immediate assistance of
his jaws. Moreover, the greater part of his food-is not obtained
from the air at all, but from plants, from the ground, and from
the water, and doubtless, by more deliberate methods. The cater-
pillars and sawfly larvae of the table were probably picked from
plants; the beetles and millipedes from the ground; the water
striders, floating dead insects, soldierfly larvae, gnat pupae, and
transforming caddisflies from the surface of the water; and the
mayfly nymph, gnat larvae and some of the snails probably from
beneath the water.

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12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

NOTES ON THE Foop

General. Leaving aside the plant fragments eaten, which were
of considerable number and variety, which were obtained both
from the water and the air (as shown by the presence of filamen-
' tous algae and a broken flower cluster in the same stomach), but
which were probably all obtained accidentally along with animal
food, there were present the remains of 164 animals. Of these
the largest number, 139, were insects, 18 were snails, 3 were
crustacea, 3 were spiders, and 2 were vertebrates. The most im-
portant part of the food igs doubtless insects and snails; the
former in great variety, the latter consisting of a single species.
Leaving aside frog no. 16, whose stomach contained only a large
meadow mouse, the other 15 had eaten on an average 9 insects
and 1.2 snails apiece.

Of the insects eaten two were millipedes (apparently Julus,
but not in condition to identify with certainty) and the remainder
were hexapods. The ten orders present had the following numer-
ical representation: Diptera, 42; Hymenoptera, 22;
Hemiptera, 19; Coleoptera, 16; Trichoptera,
15 (not including 4 whose presence was evidenced only by sand sup-
posed to have been derived from larval cases); Odonata, 11,
and a large mass of eggs of Tetragoneuria; Orthop-
tera, 6; Neuroptera, 3; Lepidoptera, 2 (larvae);
Ephemeridae, 1 (nymph). Of these the six orders first
named were present in fairly equivalent proportions, and these,
with the snail, Physa heterostropha, may be said to
constitute the staple food of the bullfrog in summer at Saranac
Inn. The bulk of the snails eaten was certainly greater than
that of the insects of any single order. The largest animal eaten
was the meadow mouse, and next in size were the two craw-
fishes.

Vertebrates. There were two vertebrates eaten; frog no. 16
had eaten nothing but a short-tailed meadow mouse (Arvicola.
pennsylvanicus) of large size; that was enough to fill his
stomach to its full capacity. How he came by this sumptuous
morsel I am unable to understand unless he found it dead and
floating down the creek. Frog no. 15 had swallowed a yearling
tadpole of his own species.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 13

Crustaceans. Frogs nos. 7 and 12 had each eaten a crawfish, of
which there remained as evidence only the chelipeds. These indi-
eated half-grown individuals of the genus Cambarus. Frog
no. 15 had eaten, probably by accident, a minute and undeter-
mined copepod.

Hymenoptera. These collections were made during the season
of flight of the winged males and females of the big carpenter ant
(Camponotus pennsylvanicus) remains of which
were found in nine stomachs. Thus this species occurred a
greater number of times than any other. Stranded specimens
were frequently seen floating down the creek, and the frogs may
as well have obtained them from the surface as from the air.
Worker bumble bees (Bombus ternarius Say and B.
consimilis Cr.) were found in five stomachs, and these were
doubtless obtained alive. The bullfrog would seem to be, like the
brook trout, immune to bee poison. The other hymenoptera were
but three; a wasp (Vespa diabolica Sauss.) in frog no. 12,
a Sawfly larva in frog no. 1, and a minute parasitic hymenopter in
frog No. 11.

Coleoptera. Of the 16 specimens of this order eaten 12 were
Carabidae (11 adults and one larva), and there were single
adults of Scarabaeidae, Chrysomelidae, and Cur-
culionidae, and a single larva of Elateridae.

Diptera. This order was represented by the largest number of
individuals, but many of them were very small. Six families were
represented: Tipulidae, Chironomidae, Stratio-
myidae,Syrphidae,Tabanidae,and Tachinidae.

A single adult Tabanid was eaten, two adult Tachinids,
four adult Syrphids, the better preserved appearing to belong
to the genus Eristalis, five adult Tipulidae, all belong-
ing to moderate sized species of the genus Tipula. There wasa
single adult Chironomid, but there were eleven pupae, ten
_ of them from frog no. 14, all belonging to the genus Chirono-
mus and one larva from the same frog belonging to the same
genus and one belonging in Ceratopogon. A sixth family,
Stratiomyiidae, was renresented by twelve larvae of
Stratiomyia badius? from frog no. 1. In bulletin 47,
p-576, I have recorded that I could find but a single specimen

14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of this species during the season. Of the total of 42 Diptera
eaten 27 were larvae and pupae, and these must have been ob-
tained from the water.

Trichoptera. With the single exception of the large Neu-
ronia postica eaten by frog no. 3, all.the other caddisflies -
were teneral imagos, captured probably as they came to the sur-
face in transformation. This was evidenced by the pupal skins
still hanging to-many of the specimens. All were in bad con-
dition in consequence, and in determining them I placed chief
reliance on the characters of the pupal skins. I was able to
assure myself that about nine of the specimens belonged to the
genus HLalesus and another to H ydropsyche. The sand
found in four of the stomachs seemed to indicate that larvae in
their cases had been eaten earlier and entirely digested. Larvae
of Polycentropus lucidus and Molanna cinerea
are sufficiently available in Little Clear creek. I have shown in
bulletin 68 that the brook trout in Bone pond swallow the larvae
of another species case and all.

Odonata. Drangonflies constituted as large a part of the food
as any other single group of insects. Although the number was
but eleven, the size of the individuals was relatively large, the
adult Aeschna and the nymph of Anax being among the
largest insects eaten. Four adult and apparently fully colored
blackwings, Calopteryx macuwlata, two adults of Argia
violacea and single undetermined specimens of Lestes,
EKnallagma and A) schna make up the list, together with
anymph of Anax junius and an undetermined nymph of
the subfamily Agrioninae. The adults, so far as might be
determined, were all females and might have been obtained while
ovipositing. Frog no. 4 had swallowed a considerable mass of
eggs of Tetragoneuria. In bulletin 47, pp.490-492 (with
fig.19) I have given an account of these eggs. The frog probably
found a cluster unusually close in shore.

Hemiptera. The water skaters (Hydrotrechus sp?)
constitute an important and fairly constant element of the food,
16 of the 19 specimens found being of this genus.

Orthoptera. Five grasshoppers were found singly, the one in
condition fit for determination being Melanoplus femo-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 15

ratus and one grouse locust. Considering the abundance of
these about the edges of the creek, I was somewhat surprised that
more had not been eaten. As many as this may easily have been
picked from the surface of the water.

Lepidoptera. Two moth larvae only.

Ephemeridae. A single nymph of Siphlurus alter-
natus Say was eaten by frog no. 14. It must have been taken
beneath the surface of the water as these nymphs do not come to
the surface, so far as I have observed, except to transform, and
this one was not ready for transformation. I have given an ac-
count of the habits of the nymph of this species in bulletin 47
p.424. It was a surprise to me that no adult May flies were eaten.

Neuroptera. Amphibian stomachs offer a new field for collect-
ing representatives of this order, a field in which I have made
some of my best finds, and that in a very little material. I found
Sisyra umbrata Ndm. first in the stomach of a tree frog,
as recorded in Psyche vol.10, p.29, and these bullfrog stomachs
contained specimens of a new species of Micromus, and of
miamacia dictyona Ndm. and Hemerobius
amiculus Fitch,—single specimens of each.

SYSTEMATIC NOTES. ON HEMEROBIIDAE

Micromus jonas sp.nov.

Allied to M. angulatus, but smaller; expanse 10mm.
Known only from its wings, but these alone will distinguish it
(pl.3, fig.2). The fore wing is 4.7mm. long and 2mm. wide, with
front and hind margins nearly parallel in their middle third.
Their color is rich fulyous, with darker fuscous oblique streaks
along the line of both the gradate series, and less distinct, more
transverse marmorate lines between, which become arcuate where
they traverse the bases of the apical forks beyond the second
gradate series; hind wings pale fulvous about margins, the disc
transparent, and the veins traversing it very angulate in their
course with crossveins incomplete. Gradate veins in fore wing;
inner series 5, outer series 4-5: in hind wing; inner series, 3-4, outer
series 3-4. Saranac Inn, N. Y. Taken from bullfrog stomach
(no.9 of table) in July, 1900.

16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

I have in hand a study of the venation of the Hemero-
biidae. This material, especially Hemerobius amicu-
lus Fitch, and another of Fitch’s rare species, H. occi-
dentalis from Illinois (which I have recently received from
Wisconsin), together with other species of Hemerobius col-
lected at Saranac Inn, Ithaca and in Illinois, have thrown some
light on the evolution of the peculiar Hemerobian type of venation.
My study will in due time be published elsewhere when it is com-
pleted; and the results to be noted here are merely that H. ami-
culus Fitch and H. occidentalis Fitch represent
two stages in the evolution of the type which should be marked
by generic rank. I therefore characterize them here and in the
form of a key, because the key to Hemerobiidae in bulletin ©
47 was not made complete for our genera:

KEY TO THE GENERA OF HEMEROBIIDAE

a Branches of the radial sector arising (4%. ¢€., sepa-
rating from vein R,) by a common stalk
b With: three ocelli. 4058. 77 oe ae ee oh ee ae ee meena Didar
bb With no ocelli
c Humeral crossvein (the basal costal cross-
vein) simple and not recurrent
d Some of the branches of vein Cu, forked.. Sisyra
dd All of the branches of vein Cu, simple.... Climacia
cc Humeral cressvein recurrent and bearing a
number of branches on its outer side
d Subcosta and radius separate at the tips.. Polystoechotes
dd Subcosta and radius conjoined at the tips. . ; Berotha
aa Branches of the radial sector appearing to arise
separately from vein R,
b Humeral crossvein unbranched and not recur-
rent (pbs; fies. 1 angi) eka et eee Micromus
bb Humeral crossvein recurrent and with branches
on its outer side
c First division of the radial sector arising
before or opposite the basal subcostal
crossvein; in the hind wing the vein
M.+, is well separated from the base
of the radial sector, with a distinct
crossvein between
d A closed cell in the first fork of the radius
before the base of the second division
of the sector (pl.2,« fig.2); front coxae
longer than the femora
Spadobius n. gen. type H. occidentalis Fitch

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK aye

-. dd No closed cell in the first fork of the radial
sector before the base of the second divi-
sion of the sector (pl.3, fig.3); coxae of
fore legs shorter than femora
Palmobius n.gen.type H. amiculus Fitch
ee First of the three or four divisions of the radial
sector arising well beyond the basal sub-
costal crossvein (pl.2, fig.1); in the hind
wing vein M,+,. is more or less confluent
with the base of the radial sector, elimi-
nating or reducing the crossvein be-
PAVE eee rar oe oe cublar seers sie jel abies Meare ® Hemerobius

HPHEMERIDAE
BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM

Since the publication of Museum Bulletin 47 little attention
has been given by the workers at the Entomologic Field Station
to the collection and rearing of mayflies. Incidentally, however,
a number of new and most interesting forms have been brought
together, and nine additional species representing as many addi-
tional genera have been reared—mostly by Mr Betten and myself
during the summer of 1901 at Ithaca. It is the purpose of this
paper to give the results of new life history studies, and also new
keys for both adults and nymphs, that shall serve as a better
introduction to the study of this interesting group.

_Luat the group is of great economic importance in water culture

there can be no doubt. Past food studies have demonstrated
this; and every aquatic collector has found the waters teeming
with the immature stages. There are mayfly nymphs for every
sort of situation in fresh water, and they are almost everywhere
abundant. These are perhaps the dominant insect herbivores of
fresh water. Notwithstanding their ecological interest, the won-
derful ways in which they have adapted themselves to diverse
modes of life in different sorts of places, and their singular,
though fragile, beauty, their study is very much neglected among
us. It is in the hope of interesting more of our field workers in
them that I have added to the life histories and descriptions,
the keys and text figures of the present paper.

Few life histories of American species, whose nymphs have been
positively determined by rearing, have as yet been written. The
singular nymph of Baetisca obesa Say has long been

18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

known, having been described by Walsh, its discoverer, and by
Vayssiere and Eaton. In bulletin 47 I described the nymphs
(having in each case bred the species) of Heptagenia
pulchella Walsh, Baetis pygmaea Hagen, Siphlu-
rus alternatus Say, Ephemerella excrucians
Walsh, Caenis diminuta Walker, Hexagenia varia-
bilis Eaton, and Ephemera varia Eaton. Inthe Ameri-
can Naturalist for 1908, pp.25-31 of vol.87, Mr Edward W. Berry
described the nymphs of ?7Habrophlebia americana
Banks, Blasturus cupidus Sayand Callibaetis fer.
ruginea Walsh, and in Bulletin 68 I described the nymph of
Callibaetis skokiana Needham. That is all the bred
Species that have hitherto been described in America, so far as I
know.

In the following pages I describe the nymphs of the following
eight bred species, representing as many genera: Chiroten-
etes albomanicatus sp. nov. Choroterpes basa-
lis Banks, Leptophlebia praepedita Haton, Caenis
allecta sp. nov. Ameletus ludens sp. nov. Ephem-
erella bispinasp.nov.,Heptagenia interpunctata
Say, and Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh, Mr W. E.
Howard furnishing an account of the life history of Poly mi-
tarcys albus Say, which he has studied at Ottawa IIl., but
which I have not seen at large. JI add thereto descriptions of
five additional species which have not been bred, but to which the
names of native genera are assigned tentatively.

Some of the above descriptions are generic rather than specific:
the study of the nymphs in some genera has hardly gotten down
to the species as yet. Representatives of all these genera are de-
scribed and figured in Eaton’s Monograph of Recent Ephemeridae,
at least two of them being tentatively referred to the wrong gen-
era, however. But the excellent and copious figures of that
work make it possible to refer the five species of unbred nymphs
to their genera with some degree of assurance.

I have published directions for collecting and rearing nymphs
of mayflies elsewhere,! but while speaking of life histories I would
not omit to mention how easy it is to get life-history material in

1Part 0 of Bull. 39, U. S. National Museum,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 19

this group. As is well known, there is with mayflies one moult
during adult life. The nymph, transforming, leaves the water as
a subimago, and later moults again and becomes the imago. The
_ Subimago stage lasts ‘but a little while—but a few minutes with the
most ephemeral species, about a day with the majority of species,
two days with Siphlurus alternatus kept indoors—being ~
much more brief than is the period of transformation of even those
species that are most concerted in time of appearance on the wing.
It follows from this that when one finds subimagos flying, he can
go to the water whence they came and be rather sure of finding,
with proper searching, the full-grown nymphs. The subimagos
may be recognized by their generally duller coloration, and the
possession of fringes of hairs around the wing border (present in
the imago of Caenis only among our forms). Grown nymphs
may be placed in any sort of a dish of water near a window out
of the direct sunlight to transform. The subimagos picked from
the window later may be put in paper bags and left to moult
again. All stages are best preserved directly in alcohol of about
80 per cent strength.

Besides the material for this paper collected by myself and Mr
Betten at Ithaca N. Y. and Lake Forest Ill., and that furnished
me from the State Museum collection by Dr Felt, I have received
material used herein from Professor T. D. A. Cockerell collected
at Pecos New Mexico, from the late Mr R. J. Weith, collected at
Klkhart Indiana, from Mr Chauncey Juday, collected at Twin
Lakes Colorado, and from Mrs Mary Rogers Miller, collected at
Thousand Island Park N. Y., for all of which I return grateful
acknowledgment.

For the use of the following keys a little more knowledge of
mayfly structure is likely to be required than the average text-
book of entomology affords. A knowledge of the names of the
parts of the body and legs of the typical insect will be assumed;
also, of the principal mouth parts and antennae. It should be
known that the male is readily distinguished from the female by
the possession of much larger compound eyes, these always being
remote from each other in the female, and by the possession of a
pair of jointed appendages called forceps that project backward
from beneath the penultimate segment of the abdomen. The two

20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

or three filiform appendages which terminate the abdomen are
here called caudal setae.

The tarsi are typically five-jointed in the adult, though one or
two basal joints show a marked tendency to fuse with the end
of the tibia, and the last joint bears two claws of vari-
able form (Fig.5); in the nymph the tarsus is one-
jointed and bears a single claw (Plate 6, fig. 7 and 8).
The mouth parts in the adult are atrophied and functionless,
while in the nymph they are highly developed. But one feature
of them needs mention here, however; that is the armature of the
mandible. By comparing pl.6, fig.4, and pl.8, fig.6, it will be seen

Ne Rae
Re A i Zr

PL oo
We aT ee ERNE OE ee eS

Fig.1 Venation of the wings of Siphlurus; lettering explained in text

that each mandible bears on its inner side a broad more or less
corrugated molar surface, and at its antero-lateral angle several
variable canines} .

To the venation of the wings the student who aspires to an
acquaintance with mayflies would do well to pay special heed.
This is of chief importance because 1) the venation is perfectly
definite and easily observed; 2) it suffers least distortion in pre-
served specimens; 3) it remains the same through the different:
developmental stages, and 4) the wings are better retained than
the other appendages, and progress is better in using a key if the
structures mentioned in it have not been lost. The main features

1Following the terminology of Vayssiere for these parts. Organisation
des larves des Ephémérines: Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) vol.18. 1882.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 21

of the venation are easily learned, and afford a ready clue to the
relationships. Eaton says, “ Unstable in minutiae, so closely is
the essential plan of the neuration adhered to by nearly related
-mayflies that the general facies of the wing is an important aid
to their classification, affording characteristics as easily recog-
nizable as the style of branching in the case of trees.”

By reference to figs.1, 2 or 3, or any of the wing figures of the
plates, it will be observed that there are three nearly parallel
veins extending along the front or costal margin of the wing,
costa (C’), subcosta (Sc), and radius (f,). These three are fol-
lowed by three forking veins that occupy the greater part of the
wing area, the radial sector (Rs), the media (M) and the cubitus
(Cu). The middle one of these, the media, forking usually far-

Fig.2 Wingsof Callibaetis

ther outward than the others and being more constant in form,
is one of the best landmarks of the wing. All that lies between
it and vein RF, is radial sector, which, in the fore wings of may-
flies, is entirely detached from the radius and functions as a
separate vein. The only place in the series where there is likely
to be any difficulty in recognizing the media is in the few genera
closely allied to Baetis (see fig.2) in which both the media and
the cubitus are apparently simple; but it will be readily observed
by carefully noting the number and relation of the longitudinal
veins that the hinder branch of the fork of these two veins is
detached, and appears as an independent sector standing on the
hinder side; the relative lengths of these veins enable one to recog-
nize them all, even when detached, or when, through shifting of
cross veins at their bases, they appear to have formed attach-
ments of a contradictory sort (see vein Cw, in pl.8, fig.9). These

22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

three forked veins are followed by three typically simple veins,
the first, second and third anal veins, which occupy the smaller
area of the hind angle of the wing. There is much variability
in this region in the different genera, and it is highly important
that these three veins be certainly recognized; to do this it is
only necessary to count off the three longitudinal veins of the
cubitus—the two branches (Cu, and Cw.) and the bisector of the
cubital fork—back of the media, and these three will be the three
best developed veins remaining. In the keys the short, incon-
stant interpolated longitudinal veins are called intercalaries, and
that whether they become attached to principal veins or branches
or remain independent; and the irregular veins about the margin

_Fig.3 Venation of the fore wing of Ephemera

of the wing are called veinlets. The length of the media is meas-
ured on vein M,. The fore wing is meant in the key except where
the hind wing is specified. Fig.38 shows the unilateral forking of
the cubital vein and the divergence of the cubital and first anal
veins at base, characteristic of the subfamily Ephemerinae.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF MAYFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA

Imagos
a The cubital and first anal veins strongly divergent at the base (fig.3).
Venation never greatly reduced.........3..-... Ephemerinae

b The fork of the median vein very deep, almost reaching the wing
base; two long simple intercalaries between the first and second”
anal veins. In the hind wing the vein R; separates from vein R,
close beside and therefore is little longer than the next branch of
ENS: PAGLAL SOCOM Gas col aa Sante? ean, pheasant ietines, 2 eh ss ole ae Campsurus

bb The median vein forked for not more than three fourths of its length ;

in the hind wing the vein R,; arises much in advance of other
branches of the sector, being much longer than any of them

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 23

c Between the first and second anal veins is a bunch of 34 long,
straight intercalaries, conjoined basally before their attachment
to the principal veins; the second anal vein nearly straight and
PEPBIERR TRC TIGOLK na ere iohee te bole is ein ake oie wie Line Ww alle a ete Polymitareys

ce Between the tirst and second anal veins are only shorter, sinuate,
and sometimes forking intercalaries, attached directly to the
first anal; the second anal vein sinuate and often branched

(fig.3)
d The median vein forked % to *4 its length; vein Cu, not more
strongly bent at base than the first anal......Huthyplocia

- dd The fork of the median vein occupying not more than half its

length; vein Cu. more strongly bent at base than is the first
anal (fig.3)

e The third anal vein simple, but attached to the hind margin by >
a number of crossveins; in the narrow first fork of the
median vein there are one or more crossveins before the
origin of the vein M.; male forceps four-jointed

f Caudal setae 3, ¢ and 9; fore tarsus of female imago % as

OTA Aces PUNE S, Ll Ch a sien taptuees, Bhan ane itera ce: abe ove GFabal en 8 Ephemera
ff Caudal setae 2 in ¢ and 8 in 9; fore tarsus of ? % as long
FUSE TebbcH ele ur oer ehawa va ane els ars heke es Cet adhere Ate, Pentagenia
fff Caudal setae 2, ¢ and @; fore tarsus of 2 as long as the
Hed One Rme ab sES ve iater oe Acie fous vier eens, Sea edale lanes Cae wane Hexagenia

ee The third anal vein with a simple terminal fork and unattached

to the hind margin, although a few isolated short intercala-

ries lie between; in the wider first fork of the median vein

there is no crossvein before the origin of vein M.; male for-

BEM Se = OMe Gy vein eee eicks Ris Stag edeee Potamanthus

aa 'The cubital and first anal veins parallel at base (in a few forms with
reduced and scanty venation, appearing a little divergent)

b Eyes of the male simple and remote; hind tarsi with 5 freely movable
segments; venation never greatly reduced; intercalary veins be-
tween the first and second anal veins unattached basally and in
two pairs, of which the pair nearer the hind angle is the longer
(pl, hes. 3 and 4). cu... . 6: Ee eA IR Re) he Heptageninae

c Basal segment of the male fore tarsus not surpassed in length by any
of the succeeding segments
d Second segment about as long as the first and longer than the

UDG D2 Stk Ilo dc aie be ce i ae PD er oot eS Pi oe. Sea Hpeorus
dd Second segment shorter than the first and about equal to the
PEE CME NEM gM Se vicpae hs yah af ce vcs ace oe wate ane lel ate oe cus Shane «a eae Iron

ce Basal segment of the male fore tarsus shorter than some of the
succeeding segments
d Basal segment of the male fore tarsus longer than the fifth seg-
ment, the second and third segments of unequal length
e The second segment longer than the third........ EHedyurus
ee The second segment shorter than the third.........C ynigma
dd The basal segment of the male fore tarsus shorter than the fifth
segment, and the second and third segments of about equal
length

24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

e Basal segment of the male hind tarsus longer than the third

SCOMIENE +2. eed Sos e556 Sale ee ene eee Rhithrogena
ee Basal segment of the male hind tarsus shorter than the third
SOSMOENE Fic wed by ee orale peter ae eee Heptagenia

bb Hind tarsi usually with but four freely movable segments, the basal
segment being more or less completely consolidated with the
tibia ; eyes of the male enlarged, often approximated on the dorsal
side and divided into superior and lateral portions with corneal
facets of different size; venation various, sometimes greatly re-
duced; intercalary veins between the first and second anal never
as in- b-above. 302) 208) ae ee eae ae ee ee ..Baetinae
c The three anal veins nearly parallel to the hind margin of the wing
and to each other, ending in the outer margin; in the hind wing
the branches of the radial vein are strongly unilateral on the an-
LELIOL SIME i.e ake ele waists awelers osteo ecole araiatavetphe teens ees DACtISea
cc Anal veins strongly divergent distally, usually both the second and
the third ending in the hind margin; forks of the radial vein in
the hind wing more symmetrical
d The median vein with a normal fork; hind wings, when present,
usually but little longer than broad and with a copious
venation mie
f The intercalaries between the first and second anal veins
variable, but usually more or less independent, and not
directly dependent from the first anal; three well-devel-
oped caudal setae (except in Blasturus, in our
fauna)
g Hind wings present
h Vein M, and bisector of the cubital fork independent ;
between the latter and vein Cu, no intercalaries ; vein
Cu, in the hind wing rarely preserved; caudal setae
generally much longer than the body; penultimate
segment of the male forceps shorter than the ante-
penultimate
i In the hind wing the subcostal vein reaches nearly to
the wing apex; male forceps three-jointed
j Hind wing with a slight concavity at the middle of
costal margin; 5-6 longitudinal veins between
R, and R,;; veinlets numerous about the wing
margins and crossveins numerous in the hind
wings
k Third anal vein of the hind wing wanting; caudal
setae of about equal length....Leptophlebia
kk Third anal vein of the hind wing present, and often -
followed by one or two additional intercalaries ;
median caudal seta distinctly shorter than the
OUBET Bis. eerste er lane, CALS wel tek haere Blasts
jj Hind wing with an angular lobe projecting forward
from the middle of the costal margin; 4 longitud-
inal veins between R, and R;; wing margins free
from veinlets, and few crossveins in hind wing
- Habrophlebia

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 25

4i In the hind wing the subcostal vein terminates in the
eosta at hardly more than half the length of the
wing, just beyond the obtuse angulation having a
thickened margin; forceps of male more or less dis-
HEE FOUI-JOUMLCR oe hs oie eau Choroterpes
hh Vein M, and the bisector of the cubital fork both tending
to attach themselves to the posterior branch of their
respective forks; between the latter and vein Cu,
are generally some short intercalaries (the cubital
region thus being better developed than in group h) ;
caudal setae about as long as the body; penulti-
mate segment of the male forceps longer than the
antepenultimate
i Veins Cu. and 1st A separate to base..Ephmerella
ii Veins Cu, and 1st A fused toward the base
Drunella gen. nov.
CO Un WINES “OSCE. Goes cicle a) bid Wiel cadare oe eo see sd eiviels Caenis
Tf The intercalaries between the first and second ana! veins repre-
sented by a series of veinlets, often sinuous or forking,
extending directly from the first anal to the wing margin ;
costal angulation of hind wing close to the base; but two
well-developed caudal setae, the median one being rudi-
mentary or wanting; basal joint of hind tarsi evident but
not well developed
g Median caudal seta a distinctly segmented rudiment (pl.6,
fig.1); forceps of male three-jointed; posterior pro-
longation of sternum of ninth segment of abdomen of
female bifid at tip
h Basal segment of fore tarsus of male shortest; claws of
each tarsus unlike each to each; hind wing with the
costal angulation acute, and the fork of the median
vein occupying two thirds the length of that vein
Coloburus
hh Basal segment of fore tarsus of the male longest; claws
of each tarsus alike; hind wing with the costal angula-
tion obtuse, and the median vein forked through one
PIE Abe EIT crass ashe he en bok e k Chirotenetes
gg Median caudal seta more rudimentary or wanting; forceps
of the male distinctly four-jointed; posterior prolonga-
tion of the sternum of the ninth abdominal segment in

the female entire at tip
h Claws of. each tarsus alike; caudal setae at least one

Date Loneer than the DOdy...... 0.0.65 e's Siphlurus
hh Claws of each tarsus unlike; caudal setae about as
long as the body in both sexes........... Ameletus

dd Median vein apparently simple, its posterior fork (M,) being
detached and appearing as an intercalary; hind wings when
present at least twice as long as wide, and provided with
but 1-3 longitudinal veins

26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

e Hind wings present .
f Fore wings with numerous costal crossveins before the bulla ;
hind wings with a moderate number of crossveins

Callibaetis
ff Fore wings without costal crossveins before the bulla; hind

wings without crossveins or with but 1-3 of them
g Marginal intercalary veinlets in pairs; hind wings oblong,
4 With a Short costalanswlatiouy eee. seer eee Baetis
gg Marginal intercalary veinlets of the fore wing single; hind
wings linear, with a spur-like costal angulation
Centroptilum
ee “Hind wines elosemt.c2 bh ispe oehcee ee Bie eecee ran eae Chloeon

Nymphs

a Mandibles with an external tusk-like ramus, visible from above; gills
on abdominal segments 1-7 (often rudimentary on 1), double, flat-
tened, linear, the margins fringed with respiratory filaments

. Ephemerinae
b Mandibular tusks longer than the head (burrowing species)
c Witb. no frontal prominence
d Legs increasing in length posteriorly; gills of the first abdominal
segment simple; labrum longer than wide; maxillary palpus

tWO=JOIMPeGE: Gch. Sey eho oie Nee heemeneane Polymitarecys
dd Legs decreasing in length posteriorly; labrum wider than long;
maxillary palpus three-jointed.............. Huthyplocia
ce With a conspicuous frontal prominence
d Krontal. prominence sroundedi.. oe. sees ces cee Hexagenia
dd Yrontal prominence bid at tips ciei ai elie cron EHphemera
bb Mandibular tusks shorter than the head, inconspicuous, only their
tips: visibles from tabOvewi. isa hassee ene vies os Potamanthus
aya oad Of aU i0K0), a ale An, PO oe ais Siete ee 3 Campsurus and Pentagenia

aa Mandibles without projecting tusk-like ramus; gills not as in a
b Eyes dorsal; body strongly depressed ; tarsal claws with lateral teeth ;
dwellers in rapid streams and on wave beaten shores; adopted to
clinging to flat surfaces of rocks, timbers, etc..Heptageninae
c Gills represented on abdominal segment 7 by simple, lanceolate or
linear filaments, differing markedly from the lamellae of the
Preceding. SESIMEMUESE eae es eee ol opens ot ete Heptagenia
cc Gills of the seventh abdominal segment lamelliform, like those be-
fore them, but smaller

d Gills on all the segments divaricate in pairs........ Hedyurus
dd Gills of segments 1 and 7 approximated at their tips, being
decurved beneath the abdomen, those of segment 1 much

enlarged
e Head widest toward the front; mandible with its outer canine
linear, truncate and denticulate on the end; labrum retracted
far back from the flaring margin of the frons; maxilla with
its palpus hairy and the tip of its lacinia armed with three
LAR EO TECEIE oo ie osc econis Sep A kise Biene vlgds Fie) s/h) wha! ei nincaes eee Iron

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK OT

ee Head widest toward the rear; mandible with its outer canine
shaped like a shoemaker’s last, the heel pointing laterally
and the long, slender, acute toe obliquely forward; labrum
pendent from the flaring but notched edge of the frons;
maxilla without strong teeth at tip of its lacinia and without
LORE MATS, ODE ICS AEDS. het sire tee be altialeee Rhithrogena
bb Eyes lateral; form of body various; claws smooth or toothed below
Baetinae
ce Gills completely concealed under an enormously enlarged, four-
Seca dorsal thoracic Shields soc sees ced dle ena Baetisea
ce Gills exposed; thoracic dorsum normal
d Outer caudal setae fringed on both sides
e Gills on abdominal segments 1-7, double
f Gills filamentous
g Hach a pair of simple filaments........ Leptophlebia
gg Each a pair of clusters of slenderer filaments
Habrophlebia
ff Gills lamelliform, at least on the middle segments

getamelacé or veach ell Similar: oo o6 He ox ie sic Blasturias
gg Lamellae of each gill markedly differing in form at tip
(SEEDS He Serbs so, shears weasel mae fe Choroterpes

ee Gills absent from one or more of segments 1-7; one pair more
or less elytroid, covering those behind it
f Gills present on the seventh abdominal segment, elytroid on
the third or fourth segment; a pair of tubercles on the
apical margin of each segment beside the middorsal line
MCAG STOO )-ADOV.Esijctercs 6 os bce Rie ke ata Ephemerella
gg Head armed above with a pair of erect occipital tubercles
Drunella, gen. nov.
ff Gills absent from the seventh abdominal segment, elytroid on
the second segment; no dorsal abdominal tubercles
Caenis
dd Outer caudal setae fringed only on the inner side
e Posterolateral angles of the hinder abdominal segments pro-
longed into thin, flat, sharp lateral spines
f Fore legs conspicuously fringed with long hairs; gill tufts
present upon the bases of maxillae and front coxae and at
bases of lamellae on abdomen.......... Chirotenetes
ff Fore legs without conspicuous fringes; no maxillary or coxal
gills; no gill tufts at base of lamellae on abdomen
g Gills double on the basal abdominal segments; end of max-

illa fringed with simple hairs............ Siphlurus
gg Gill lamellae all single; end of maxilla fringed with pec-
UMC OCEAN eR entcct oe *a a wee vos. vile, si Sielatie akears cles ia Ameletus

ee Posterolateral angles of the hinder abdominal segments hardly
more than acute—not prolonged in thin flat lateral spines
f Gill lamellae simple
g Lamellae obtuse at apex; maxillary palpus rounded at the
Pe UE Cee OED ohare oe Se cups e's, copter hie a Giernle be acbe'e iu ee Baetis
gg Lamellae acute at apex; end of maxillary palpus trun-
GeeUCUR PIs he tas MS ie GC arto de weld ote Centroptilum

28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ff Gill lamellae double, at least on some of the anterior’ ab-
dominal segments
g Antennae shorter than the body; tracheae of gill lamellae

pinnately branched’s.. ss... see eee ee Callibaetis.
gg Antennae longer than the body; tracheae of gill lamellae
palmately “bramched ace .c:. + ccte coe eee erect neta Cloeon
Cee UnKMOWD. | 2 osis'5 Siem Sune bee oh eke Bes Sines Bienen ekeee See ee Coloburus

In the preparation of the foregoing keys I have used freely
katon’s Monograph of Recent Ephemeridae, that great storehouse
of information concerning the structure of mayflies. Although
in a few minor details I have not been able to accept the classifi-
cation therein given, I wish to acknowledge my obligation at.
every turn to its great wealth of illustration, and to express my
admiration for the spirit in which its classification is set forth:
“It is only by taking cognizance of points of difference and agree-
ment in many details, in the anatomy and the mode of develop-
ment and the habit of leading representatives of the various
alliances of genera, at different periods of their lives, before and
after their exclusion from the egg, that the mutual affinities of
the several associations of genera to one another can be demon-
strated adequately. Until such comparisons can be and shall
have been carried out, the whole question of their arrangement
can only be dealt with in a tentative and experimental manner;
and it will be fortunate if error be avoided in the necessary
grouping of the genera into provisional alliances of apparently
kindred forms, preparatory to the study of their affinities. It
is far more easy to demonstrate defects in proposed methods of |
classification than to devise a trustworthy system in their
stead.”

I have correlated nymphal and adult structures, and have ex-
pressed that correlation in the foregoing keys, wherein all the
major divisions are strictly parallel for the two stages. That
this is now possible is a sign of progress toward a natural sys-
tem of classification. The one serious incongruity in EHaton’s
system—the interpolation of Jolia in the subfamily Ephe-
merinae; an incongruity that grew out of a previous error,
inherited from Joly—the breeding of Chirotenetes has
enabled me to remove. The nymph “Jolia roeseli” is
doubtless that of the sole European species of Chiroten-
etes, Ch. ignotus Walker. A comparison of the figures

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 29

of pl.27 of Eaton’s Monograph with those of my pl. 5 and_6 will
show the close agreement of it with Ch. albomanicatus,
and demonstrate its generic position. The adult which Joly
furnished Eaton as having been bred from this species of nymph
was doubtless a poor specimen of Polymitarcys virgo
Oliy. This was suspected by Eaton and yet he allowed the adult
to determine the position of the species in his system. Doubt-
less the nymph Jolia furnished a reason for including
Oligoneuria andits allies inthe Ephemerinae also.
The nymph of Oligoneuria is certainly nearest Chiro-
tenetes of all forms hitherto described; and it has not yet
been shown that the very degenerate imagos may not as well
have descended from, this part of the series, and belong in the
Baetinae as here understood. My present ideas of the
major natural complexes of the order may be expressed as fol-
lows:
1 Subfamily Ephemerinae;a fairly homogeneous series.t
2 Subfamily Heptageninae; a very homogeneous series.
® Subfamily Baetinae; a very heterogeneous series, only
definable as lacking the characteristics of the other two, and in-
cluding five fairly distinct groups, some of which may be found
worthy to rank as equivalents of 1 and 2 above:
ad) The groupof Oligoneuria (Oligoneuria to Homeoneuria
of Haton; pls. 3 and 26 of his monograph); five genera, represented
in tropical America and in the old world
b) The group of Baetis, including all our genera of Baetinae
except Baetisca, and many exotic genera
¢) The group of Baetisca, including Baetisca only
d) The group of Prosopistoma, including the exotic Prosopis-
toma only

e) The group of the nameless Chilean nymph figured on pl.53 of Eaton’s
Monograph

*These three subfamilies, which I indicated parenthetically in my key to
nymphs published in bulletin 47, I had already recognized in 1897. Shortly
afterward my friend Mr C. A. Hart, of the Illinois State Laboratory of
Natural History, sent me a manuscript key in which these major divisions
were plainly indicated, and also a number of minor divisions, including the
tribes Baetini and Caenini of Banks (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
26 :247. 1900). This key was then already in use by entomological stu-
dents at the University of Illinois, the basis for these divisions having
been recognized independently and, perhaps, prior to my own recognition
of them.

30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

While the breedings of mayflies now to be reported upon are
not very numerous, they could hardly be better distributed for
the purpose of supplementing existing knowledge. The C hiro-
tenetes life history is the most important, because of the
difficulties: and discord it clears away. It is well supplemented
by the breeding of Ameletus, which shows that to this
genus belongs the nymph that Eaton referred by supposition
to Chirotenetes (Monograph, pl40). Furthermore, the
other new life histories represent additional genera or very
Striking species. A few notes are added concerning species
whose life histories have been previously known. :

The following notes and descriptions follow no systematic
order of arrangement, but are ordered as was convenient in writ-
ing them:

Baetisca obesa Walsh

This singular mayfly, known hitherto from Rock Island, Illi-
nois and Indiana, the place of its discovery, has been found at
two places in New York State: In the
Niagara river, by Mr E. P. Van Duzee .
of Buffalo, and at Newport, where a
single nymph was taken May 30, 1902,
by Mr D. B. Young and is now in the
New York State Museum collection.
I have also received specimens from
Mr R. J. Weith, taken in the St Joe

BAC MED Oe dae ee river at Elkhart, Indiana, but only a

two muscle bands indicated b .
dotted lines in the basalseemen, few subimagos, however. ‘The rather

thabmove thelietal ious cr ae striking color pattern of the wing
dragonfly labium) 2 5 2

of the male subimago (in the imago
the wing is wholly hyaline) is well shown in the accompanying
figure reproduced from a photograph (pl.4 fig.1). I present
on the same plate (fig.2) a new figure of the nymph also. It is
absolutely unique among mayfly nymphs. Its huge four-spined ~
carapace is formed by a backward prolongation of the thoracic
dorsum. It meets a conspicuous pyramidal elevation on the
middle of the abdomen to inclose a respiratory chamber, within
which the gills are included. The labium (fig.4) is most inter-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK dl

esting also, because it offers a transition form to the Odonata.
A comparatively slight degree of consolidation of the labial
parts here present, and a slightly better development of the twu
points at the tip of the palpus (of which the last joint is homo-
logous with the movable hook, and the internal prolongation of
the preceding joint equals the end hook of the Odonata), would
give the grasping labium, so characteristic of the nymphs in
that order.

Much has been written concerning the anatomy of this inter-
esting species—especially the anatomy of the nymph. A full
bibliography and a new description with some excellent figures
are given in EHaton’s Monograph, pp.226—229, pl.21 and 42.

Less is known concerning its manner of life. In a general way-
it may be said to inhabit the more rapid portions of our larger
rivers and to be very local. It is rare in collections.

Chirotenetes albomanicatus sp. nov.
The white-gloved howdy
Plates 5 and 6

This is the common Ithaca species, whose nymph is figured on
page 87 of Comstock’s Manual for the Study of Insects. It has
been referred hitherto to Ch. siccus Walsh. It differs from
Walsh’s description of that species in its larger size, later sea-
son of appearance, separateness of eyes in male subimago, colora-
tion of front tarsi and of forceps and in conspicuous black trans-
verse apical lines on abdominal segments. It agrees better
with Eaton’s description and fairly well with his figure of that
species, but I doubt whether Eaton had the species of Walsh.
Pending the reidentification of Walsh’s species, I think that less
confusion will result if this one be kept apart under a new name.

This species is abundant in all the rapid streams about Ithaca.
I have observed the nymph, especially in those places where the
creek bed is flat shelving rock over which the water streams ina
thin sheet. In such places the flat, rocky floor of the stream is

*Lest it be not discerned, I will state openly that the common name
“howdy,” which I apply to the members of this genus, is a very free trans-
lation into western vernacular of the generic name.

oor NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

covered with a thin, filmy growth of algae, with abundant nets
of the caddisfly seine-maker, Hydropsyche; and the broken
edges of the floor ledges are fringed with black masses of black fly
larvae, Simulium. Simulium and Hydropsyche
are fixed in their places, but Chirotenetes wanders about
freely over the ledges, clinging securely even in the swiftest
water, keeping of necessity head up stream, moving by short
quick dashes, effected by sharp strokes of its powerful tail fin
and gill covers, moved synchronously. It is also found in the
stiller pools at the sides of the current, in which dwell other may-
flies of the genera Caenis and Baetis; and also among
the rocks in the current, under which cling other nymphs of
Heptagenia, Blasturus and Choroterpes.

Measurements. Length, imago and subimago, ¢ 11-12 mm.; 9?
12-13.5 mm.; setae additional, subimago, ¢' 18; 9 11; imago, ¢ 28;
© 20; fore leg of and 2 subimago and of ? imago two thirds as
long as body, of ¢ imago seven eights as long as body.

Subimago. ‘Color brownish tinged, with tawny changing to
rufous with age, with a pale middorsal line the entire length of
the body dilated and overspreading the dorsum of the meso-
thorax. Fore legs rufous, with whitish or pale lutescent tarsi, of
which the sutures are narrowly marked with brown in the male.
Middle and hind legs wholly pale. Wings subhyaline, paler on
the inner margin, all crossveins bordered with ashy brown (pl.5,
fig.2). Abdominal segments pale brown, the apical margin with
a transverse apical line and the lateral margins with a longi-
tudinal dash of darker brown; last segment and setae_and ap-
pendages wholly pale. The ventral prolongation of the ninth
seoment in the 9 is bifid apically as in the imago, but not declined
at the tip. The eyes of the male are not contiguous, and the for-
*ceps limbs are straight, and surpass the tip of the rudimentary “
middle seta by the length of the latter.

&S imago. Thorax brownish, abdomen rufescent; head pale
lutescent below, rufescent above between the black-ringed ocelli
and the eyes. Thorax darker brown above and below and paler —
along the sides, but without definite markings. Fore legs bright
rufous, with wholly white tarsi; middle and hind legs wholly
pale whitish. Wings hyaline. Abdominal segments rufous, trans-
verse apical carinae and lateral margin distinctly lineate with
blackish brown; segment 10 paler, vellowish rufescent, strongly
produced backward above in a ‘broad obtusely truncated superior

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 33

lobe. Along the sides of the abdomen is an interrupted line of
black dashes on the lateral margin and there is a minute black
dot above the anterior end of each dash on either side of each
segment. Setae white, slightly tinged with yellowish on basal
segments, but not ringed. Forceps (pl.6, fig1) long and
arcuate, the basal segment of each limb feebly differentiated ;
coloration pale yellowish white, slightly infuscated in the middle.

Pimago. (Plate 5, fig.1). Head above whitish or very pale lute-
ous; ocelli ringed with black; a black spot beneath each eye and
another at its hind angle above upon a minute triangular back-
-ward prominence of the occipital margin. Thorax tawny yellowish
brown above, the hind margins of the tergal sclerites narrowly
margined with blackish brown; venter deeper brown. Wings and
legs colored as in the male. Abdomen brownish rufescent, less
rufous than in the male, but with the apical lateral margins more
distinctly lineate with blackish brown. Segment 10 pale, pro-
duced above into a posterior rounded lobe. Segment 9 produced
below in a long acutely bifid lamina, decurved at the apex, and
surpassing the level of the tip of the superior lobe on segment 10.

A noteworthy feature of both subimago and imago, hitherto ap-
parently unnoticed in any mayfiy, is the persistence of the maxil-
lary and coxal gill tufts of the nymph. These are present as
conspicuous blackish tufts on the inner sides of the front coxae
and at the sides of the atrophied maxillae. They are most con-
spicuous (probably because less dessicated) in the subimago, but
the constituent filaments, filled with black pigment, are easily
recognized in either.

The nymph. (Plate 5, figs.3 and 4). Length of full grown female
13 mm., antenna 4 mm. and seta 7 mm. additional.

Body rather stout, thorax slightly compressed, abdomen
strongly depressed and upcurved posteriorly, its sides parallel as
far as the seventh segment, and distinctly wider than head and
thorax, then tapering to the base of the stout setae. Integument
strongly chitinized.

_ Head short with vertical face, evenly contoured above, covered
at the sides by the low, broad, well-rounded eyes. Middle ocellus
directly in front but the other two visible from above. A median
frontal vertical carina below the middle ocellus ends in a stout,
sharp downwardly directed triangular spine. Antenna (Plate 6,
fig.6) stout, naked, basal segment stouter and paler, the shorter
Segments immediately succeeding brownish, the succeeding seg-
ments again pale to the tip, ~ Mouth parts unusually hairy, the

34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘somewhat quadrangular labrum covered above with stout bristles
and fringed beyond the bristles around its border with copious
soft yellowish hairs (p1.6, fig.2). Labium with two jointed palpi of
singular form, the basal joint of each cylindric, naked; the second
joint twice as long, flattened, its inner margin straight, its outer
margin arcuate, its exterior border closely beset with a single
linear series of long thin setae, its apex bearing a minute obtuse
inwardly directed prominence, set off by a minute notch from
the inner margin, and perhaps representing the remains of a
palpal segment (pl.6, fig.38).. Galea and lacinia hairy beneath,
the latter less than half as large as the former and more
triangular in outline. Mandible naked (/pl.6, fig.4), the outer
canine tridentate at tip, the inner one spine-like, but with a flat
margin on one side below overlapping the palp. Maxilla (pl.6,
fig.5) with palpus two-jointed and similar in form to the labial
palpus; end of lacinia terminating in a long straight spine; a
copious tuft of gill filaments takes origin under the base of the
stipes.

Thorax strongly arched dorsally and slightly flattened laterally.
Legs short and stout, the tibia longest in the fore leg, where -
one third longer than the femur, decreasing in length successively
on middle and hind legs. Fore legs with a remarkable develop-
ment of stiff fringes of tawny hairs, a single ventral fringe on
the femur, a double fringe beneath the tibia, the basal portion
containing hairs as long as the combined tibia and tarsus, but
the length of the fringe diminishing apically, and a much shorter
single fringe beneath the tarsus. There is also on the fore leg a
single elongate and flattened tibial spvr, more than half as long
as the tarsus, and strongly recalling by its form and structure
the flat spur on the swimming legs of the diving beetle
Cybister (pl.6, fig.7). The single tarsal claw is short and
arcuate and denticulate on its inferior margin; on middle and
hind tarsi the claw acquires a special convexity on the basal part:
of its inferior denticulate surface, especially marked in the hind
tarsus (pl.6, fig.9). There is a large tuft of several times forked
gill filaments attached to the base of the fore coxa within.

Abdomen cylindric at base, becoming depressed and wpcurved —
posteriorly and laterally carinate, the lateral margins on seg-
ments 8 and 9 ending in long, straight, sharp lateral spines, half
as long as their respective segments. There are minute and in-
conspicuous lateral spines also on segments 1 to 7, hardly more
than acute angles on 1-4. Gills on segments 1-7, covered by obo-
vate protecting lamellae (Plate 6, fig.10), which are slightly
oblique, increase slightly in size on segments 1-3 and are
equal on 4-7. Each lamella has the front margin, the

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 35

base of the hind margin and a diagonal superior carina
strongly chitinized. The purplish white-tipped gills are
clustered in small flat tufts of 2-8 times branched _fila-
ments attached to the bases of the lamellae, and they are
shorter than the shortest of the lamellae. Setae_ stout
in basal half, with dense internal fringes of tawny hair. There
is a-darker band across the middle beyond which the tips are
slenderer, and the fringes disappear, the whitish tips being bare.

Color, rich chocolate brown above, paler below and on sutures,
a pale median stripe extending upward from the mouth over the
head and ending upon the prothorax. Tibiae and tarsi pale with
broad median rings of brown.

The fore legs are widest apart and the middle ones most approx-
imate at base.

The dates of my bred specimens are July 12, 14 and 19, 1901.
Transformation takes place at the surface of the water as in
other species, and the subimago stage continues about 24 hours.
On warm nights in midsummer subimagos swarmed into my
trap lanterns above Fall creek, Ithaca, but no imagos came to
them. Imagos were easily taken along the sides of the gorges
anywhere, sitting rigidly, their white fore feet extending full
length forward; so they would sit and allow themselves to be
picked up with the fingers. This is a fine species, interesting for
the agility of the nymph in the water and for the rich coloration
and striking attitude of the adult.

Food. With a view to more accurately determining what is
the food of this species I had microscopic mounts made of the
cleared stomach contents of nine well-grown nymphs from Fall
creek. Plant remains constituted in all cases fully half of the
stomach contents—in some cases a much greater proportion.
There were recognizable remains of numerous Cyanophy-
ceae and other algae, and numerous stalked diatoms of the
Gomphonema group (which may have been taken in with
the larger plant stems to which they were attached), but the
greater part was a brownish mass of remains of the decaying
leaves of higher plants. That Simulium larvae had been eaten
by four of the nymphs was determined by the presence of
isolated rays of the fans. Ecdyurus maculipennis
nymphs, common in the stream and of favorable size for the food
of this species, had been eaten by at least seven of the speci-

36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

mens examined, as evidenced by the presence of recognizable re-
mains; the claw (fig.i1) or the curiously coiled malpighian
tubules, or the outer canine of the mandible (fig.13). Nymphs
of some species of Caenis had been eaten by four, and a
small platode and a very young nymph of Chirotenetes
by a single specimen.

Ameletus ludens sp. nov.

The genus Ameletus has not hitherto been known east-
ward of the Rocky mountains. It is represented in the State
Museum collection at Albany by a number of nymphs and two

Fig. 5 Ameletus ludens sp. nov., female subimago; u,end of abdomen below,
showing truncate apical lobe of the 9th sternum; v, fore tibia and tarsus

bred female subimagos taken by Mr. D. B. Young at Newport,
N. Y. on the 22d of May 1902. They were found in the head-
waters of a small, swift stream, elevation about 900 feet, in the
Hasenclever hills, a spur of the Adirondacks.

Female subimago. Length, 9 mm.; setae, 6 mm. additional;
wing, 8 mm. Color obscure brownish, paler on the sutures and
below ; antennae darker toward the tip; incomplete dark-brownish
rings about the ocelli; on the vertex a pair of longitudinal black-
ish marks, confluent in the middle; a broad median whitish tract
upon the mesothorax, produced behind and dilated at the sides;
subapical paler bands on the femora, the tips again darker;
wings uniformly pale fumose, the venation is shown in pl1.8, fig.9;
brown marks on the ventral ganglia, becoming more evident
posteriorly.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 37

The accompanying text figures will facilitate the recognition
of this species when more and better specimens are at hand.

This species is a typical representative of Ameletus,
agreeing in close detail with the generic characters set forth in
Eaton’s Monograph p.210, but it is smaller than any of its con-
geners. Its nymph is apparently the one figured by Eaton on
pl.49 of his Monograph, and referred to Chirotenetes.

The nymph. (P17, fig.1.) Length, 9.5 mm.; antennae, 1 mm.

and setae, 4 mm. additional. Body elongate, with vertical face,
arched thorax, depressed and tapering abdomen. Antennae short,

Fig. 6 Partsofnymph of Ameletus ludens sp. nov.; y, maxilla; z, single gill
lamella from one of the middle abdominal segments

tapering, bare; ocelli in front; labrum quadrangular, a little
longer than wide, emarginate in front, where fringed ‘with fine
plumose hairs. Mandibles stout, triangular beyond the molar.
surface, bearing the canines upon the prominent apex, outer
canine more than twice as large as the inner, the latter preceded
by a slender subulate spine on the distal margin. Maxilla with a
very weak and slender and obscurely three-jointed palpus. The
combined lacinia and galea obscurely trapezoidal, the tip of the
former indicated by a short, slender and.sharp spine, the distal
border of the galea fringed densely with a series of strongly
arched, regularly graduated and beautifully pectinated hooks
(fig.6v). Labium with better developed, three-jointed palpi,

38 | NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

cultriform galeae, fringed with spinules externally, and broadly
triangular laciniae, separate to the base.

Prothorax rather short, closely applied to the front of the large

mesothorax ; wing cases reaching the apex of the second abdominal
segment. Legs rather short, stout, pale, with darker lines upon
the sutures, the darkest one at the base of the claw.
Abdomen gradually tapering, gracefully upcurving in the rear.
_ Gill laminae on segments 1-7, similar in form on all the seg-
ments (fig.6z) ; smallest on segment 1, largest on segment 6, obo- |
vate, with a somewhat thickened front margin, and a longitudinal
dorsal chitinous ridge. There are no free gill filaments attached to
lamellae. Lateral spines on segments 4-9 straight, sharp, increas- —
ing in size posteriorly. Setae rather short and stout, equal,
fringed copiously within, traversed by a broad distinct band of
brown which occupies their middle third, and slightly washed
with brown again at the extreme tips.

This nymph differs from the one figured by Eaton (p1.49,
Monograph) in having the middle lobe of the tongue (hypop-
harynx) bilobed. This genus differs from. all others as yet
known except Thraulus in the possession of a pectinated
fringe on the distal border of the galea of the maxilla.

Choroterpes basalis Banks

This species I have studied in the Fall creek gorge beside the
Cornell Insectary at Ithaca. It is a very common species there.
The nymph is found among the smaller stones in the side cur-
rents of the creek in the bottom of the gorge, associated with
other nymphs of Ecdyurus maculipennis, Baetis,
Caenis ete. It clambers about under these stones, and when
they are lifted out of the water it is easily picked off by hand.
The form of the gill tips (Plate 8, fig.8) will instantly distinguish
it from all others in the stream.

Imagos were abundant about the middle of July. My bred
specimens are dated July 14, 1901. Not many imagos were ob-
served at large except on early afternoons, when the sunshine.
was warm and bright. Then they would swarm out in the open- |
ing of the gorge, and dance high up in the air between the banks
of green in myriads. Rising and falling in rapid undulations,
moving in large companies up and down the gorge, they rarely
descended low enough to bring the lowermost within the reach

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 39

of the net; and when by climbing on a big rock in the opening I
captured a netfull of them I found they were all males. About
the same time also subimagos swarmed. into my trap lanterns
that overhung Fall creek, and a few imagos with them.

‘The nymph. (P1.7, fig.2.) Length, 7 mm.; antennae, 3 mm.,
and setae, 7.5 mm: additional. Body strongly depressed, widest
across the rather prominent mesothorax. Head flattened above;
eyes round, prominent, situated just before the hind margin.
Antennae situated midway: the length of the head, which before
them is pilot shaped, dilated at the sides and sharp-edged. Ocelli
three, rather large, situated in a nearly straight transverse row
in the male, in a triangle in the female. Labrum half as long as
broad, widened anteriorly, rounded on the anterior angles and
deeply emarginated in front, where fringed with short stiff bris-
tles (p18, fig.5). Mandible (p18, fig.6) stout, its two canines each
tridentate on tip, its palp deeply bifid; on the inner margin just
before the molar surface is a low conic tubercle. Maxilla (pl.8,
fig.4) short and stout, the palpus two-jointed, the consolidated
galea and lacinia squarish, the tip of the former ending in a long
and distinctly pectinated spine, the inner and distal margins
densely fringed with slender hairs. Labium (p18, fig.3) with
three jointed palpi, the broad galeae and the narrow laciniae with
their tips on a level, and densely fringed with spinules, the spin-
ules on the laciniae etme stouter.

- Thorax depressed, increasing in width to the bases of the wings.
The wing cases reach the base of the fifth abdominal segment.
The legs are rather short and stout, with flattened and dilated
femora and slender tibiae, pale with a more or less complete
brownish ring beyond the middle of the femora and some fainter
markings at the knees.

Aibdomen depressed, regularly tapering from the third seg-
ment to the end, segments slightly increasing in length to the
ninth, the tenth somewhat more than half as long as the ninth,
produced above in a rounded lobe with a narrow blackish border
that is interrupted by paler in the middle of the margin. There
are sharp, triangular lateral spines on segments 4-9, increasing
in length and sharpness on the succeeding segments, represented
on segments 2 and 3 by mere angles of the flat margin, on 8 one
fourth as long as the segment. Gills very peculiar; on segment ai
a simple linear or slightly tapering filament (pl.8, fig.7) that is
fully as long as the succeeding lamellae; on 2-7 double. lamelli-
form, with pinnately branching tracheae; each of the pair of
lamellae is typically three-lobed; the middle lobe of the upper-
most lamelJa is itself lamelliform, oval or oblong, separated by

40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

marginal notches from the two other lesser lobes (pl1.8, fig.8). The
middle lobe of the lower lamella is likewise flat, but narrow,
linear, and with a better development of the two other lobes at
its base. There is a slight decrease in length on segments 2-7;
and on 2, and again on 7, the anterior of the three lobes of the
upper lamella is scarcely developed. Setae three, fragile, slender,
with minute apical whorls of spinules on the segments.

Color olivaceous brown above, with a variable middle pale line,
fenestrate upon the dorsum of the abdomen with paler olivaceous.
Below, with a broad pale median area.

Several of my nymphs from Fall creek have colonial Vorticel-
lidae attached promiscuously about the dorsum, or aggregated
about the bases of the setae.

P1.8, fig.1, shows the venation and fig.2 of the same plate shows
the form of the appendages of the male imago in this species.

Baetis pygmaea Hagen
This dainty little mayfly, which I described in bulletin 47 (pp.
421-423, pl.15, fig.13 and 14), I bred also from nymphs obtained
in Fall creek with those of the preceding species, and I took a
few specimens of the imagos in trap lanterns hung about the
creek during July 1901.

Callibaetis skokiana Needham

I wish to record here concerning this species: that I have made
a careful examination of microscopic mounts of the stomach con-
tents of ten well-grown nymphs taken from the Gym pond on the
campus of Lake Forest College in Illinois, and have found them
containing no recognizable animal remains whatever, but only
remains of plant tissues, chiefly the disintegrating fragments of
the dead leaves of the higher plants, such as litter from the
pond bottom, with a scanty sprinkling of algae—Cyanophy-
ceae and stalked diatoms.

Blasturus cupidus Say

I have found his species common in Six Mile creek at Ithaca,
- where I bred it in 1897. I have apparently identical nymphs in
my collection from Elkhart, Indiana, and Raleigh, North Caro-
lina. The imagos of this genus appear in late spring. As be-
fore remarked, Berry has described the nymph in the American

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK AL

Naturalist vol. 37, pp.27-29, 1903. It will be at once distin-
guished from all other genera by the form of the gill lamellae,

Fig. 7 Gill lamellae of the nymph of Blasturus cupidus Say; e, from the Ist
segment; f, from the 4th segment ;?g, from the.7th segment

a figure of which is herewith given (fig.7). There are well-de-
veloped lateral spines present on abdominal segments 8 and 9
only.
Ephemerella

This is one of the genera of Ephemeridae that shows
ereat nymphal specialization independently of adult life. The
nymphs are obviously very diverse in form and structure; the
imagos very much alike, or else their differences are easily over-
looked. Eaton pointed out in his Monograph the remarkable
differences between the nymph which I have since bred and
shown in bulletin 47 to be that of E. excrucians, and that
of the European E. ignita, the only bred species with which
he was acquainted. He referred to this nymph as a new un-
named genus allied to Ephemerella; but it is the nymph
of the typical species. JI describe herein the nymphs of two
native species closely allied to E. ignita. I have compared
both nymphs and adults with E. excrucians. I have not
found differences that would seem to justify the generic separa-
tion of the imagos; and notwithstanding the evident differences
of the nymphs, I think they may as well, for the present, at
least, remain associated together under the one name. The
nymphal differences are chiefly in the number and arrangement
of the gill lamellae, and these things are perhaps most subject
to the influence of environment.

42, NEW YORK STATE. MUSEUM

Among the other four North American nymphs described by
HKaton are two that will doubtless represent good and distinct
genera; and one of these I have been able to identify; for it I
erect the new genus Drunella. The structural relations
between the American nymphs of the Ephemerella alli-
ance described by Eaton and those I have since obtained may be
set forth by means of the following key:

a Antennae inserted in deep angular notches in the front margin of the
frons; dorsal hooks of abdomen wanting; nymph from Colorado,
imago unknown?

aa Antennae inserted upon the upper surface of the frons; dorsal hooks
hooks more or less developed in a double row upon the abdomen
b Head armed with high occipital tubercles; hind wings visible at the
sides below the fore wings................. Drunella_= gen. nov.
bb Head smooth above; hind wings visible on the dorsum between the
bases of the fore wings
ce Gill lamellae present on abdominal segments 3-7
d Front femora strongly tuberculate on inner margin; lateral spines
of abdominal segments poorly developed, the abdominal margin
not serrate. Haton’s no. I from Washington’?; imago unknown
dd Front femora smooth on inner margin; lateral spines of abdom-
inal segments strongly developed .
eé Dorsal hooks of abdomen erect, high, strongly ‘devolnned
Ephemerella bispina gp. nov.
ee Dorsal hooks of abdomen slightly developed, hardly elevated
above the surface. Unknown species from New York (p.45)
ce Gill lamellae present on abdominal segments 4-7
d The operculate anterior lamella of the 4th segment covers suc-

ceeding lamellae but imperfectly, these successively protruding |

their whole apical margins. HEaton’s no. IV; imago unknown*
dd 'The operculate anterior lamella of the 4th abdominal segment
covers closely all succeeding lamellae, only their extreme
apical margins visible
e Body hardly more than twice as long as wide; Ephemer-
ella sp? from Pecos N. Mex.
ee Body more than three times as long as wide
Hphemerella excrucians

Drunella gen. nov.’
I have determined the nymph of this genus by means of the
venation of the developing wing. Professor Cockerell sent me
two nymphs from Pecos New Mexico, one of which, a male

1Haton no. III. Monograph, p.132, pl.89, 22 ee
?Monograph, p.131, pl.38, figs. 1-10.

®Monograph, p.133, pl.40, 17 figs. (Colorado)

‘To my friend, Professor Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 43

‘

specimen, is in perfect condition for showing the venation. It
shows the basal fusion of veins Cu, and 1st A that Eaton long
since described and figured as characteristic of Ephemerella
grandis Etn (Monograph, pl.14, fig.24b). This character,
together with the rather strong joinings together of the other
anal veins basally, readily distinguished this large species from
Ephemerella proper. The figures of venation I give herewith
(pl.10, figs. 1 and 2) are drawn from the nymphal wing,
which shows the venation better than does the single female
imago I have seen. I have another identical nymph collected at.
Twin Lakes Colorado, by Mr Chauncey Juday. Since the type
of FE. grandis is from Colorado, it seems very probable that
the nymph belongs to this species. In pl.10, figs.3, 4 and 6 I
present figures of the male nymph, which differs slightly from
the female, figured by Eaton.

Ephemerella bispina sp. nov.

The six specimens of this species that I have seen were sent
me in the last lot of material received from the late Mr R. J.
Weith. They were collected at Elkhart Indiana, shortly before
June 18th—the date on which they reached me at Lake Forest.
There were among them single male and female imagos, a male
subimago, and three nymphs. The species is apparently near to
E. walkeri Eaton from Albany river near Hudson’s bay—
still so insufficiently known—and to E. ignita Pol. of Europe.

Imago. Length, 9 mm.; wing, 9 mm.; setae of * 10 mm. (of ¢
wanting) ; of S subimage. 6.5 mm.

Male imago deep brown, varied with olive green. Antennae
brown; a whitish ring around their bases. Thorax rich dark
brown ‘above and on all carinae, greenish in the sutures and fur-
rows, excepting the median longitudinal furrow. Beside the
median prolongation of the hinder lobe of the mesothorax is a
pair of acute spines, each decurved at tip and about as long as
the space between them is wide. Wings subhyaline; veins pale
brownish, as is also the subcostal space. . Legs brown, the femora
sprinkled with distinct blackish dots; fore leg dark, becoming
gradually lighter toward the tip; middle and hind legs paler and
tinged with greenish; claws all brown, the obtuse one of each pair
darker than, the other.

Abdomen pale brown, except the 10th segment which is. yellow-
ish, paler on the sutures and thereby appearing ringed; an in-

44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

distinct middorsal row of minute brown longitudinal dashes.
Appendages all brown, the inner ones angulated and thickened
in the middle and bent upward thereafter to the tip (this appear-
ing only in lateral view; hence not shown in the figure) ; forceps
(pl.10, fig.10) strongly directed downward, the basal segment
distinctly differentiated, the apical segment unusually long and
slender. : .

The female imago is greenish yellow, with pale whitish legs and
setae. The basal segments of the antennae are brown and there
is a pale brownish tinge to the dorsum of the thorax and the
lateral margins of the abdomen. Wings hyaline, veins whitish.
The ventral apical lobe of the 9th abdominal segment surpasses
the tip of the 10th segment and is obtusely rounded apically.

The male subimago is dark greenish brown, darker on the head,
the top of the thorax and the apex of the abdomen; the abdominal
sutures, however, are distinctly paler. Legs pale yellowish or
greenish, the fore tarsus pale brownish. Wings smoky brown.
The two dorsal apines are paler in the ¢ subimago and absent
in the 9.

The nymph. Length, 9 mm; seta, 4.5 mm, additional. Body
elongated rather slender, depressed, thinly hairy, widest across
the mesothorax. Head short; face oblique. Antennae hardly
longer than the head, almost bare. Labrum quadrangular, one
fourth wider than long, emarginate in front and hairy on the front
border, the hairs being longest on the outer angles. Mandibles
short and thick, with the outer canine very broad, 3-toothed at
apex, the inner canine of equal length but slenderer; molar sur-
face narrow. Maxillary palpus hardly half as long as the lacinia.
Third joint of the labial palpus a conic rudiment.

Thorax flat below, well rounded above; legs short and thinly
hairy; claws (pl.10, fig.5) with inferior row of about 10 denticles.

Abdomen depressed, its lateral margins serrate by reason of the
flat lateral spines in which the side margins of segments 3-9 ter-
minate. There are two rows of dorsal spines on segments 3-8,
erect laterally, flattened, almost cultriform. Gill lamellae present
on segments 3-7, double; anterior lamina thickened, covering the
delicate posterior one, trapezoidal, obtusely pointed at its inner
apical angle, palmately veined; posterior lamina shorter, thinner,
its margins cut into a small number of fingerlike filaments. The
lamellae regularly overlap, each anterior lamina covering the
basal fifth of the one behind it, that of segment 7 shorter. Setae
closely parallel, slender, fragile, sparingly pilose. Their two
proximal articulations faintly ringed with brown. Color
olivaceous, with a broad band of brown extending from the rear
of the eye to the base of the lateral caudal seta. There is also a
narrow middorsal line of brown on the abdomen.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 45

This species differs in the nymphal stage from the nymph next
described, chiefly the presence of well-developed dorsal hooks and
the absence of black rings on the base of the setae.

Ephemerella unicornis sp. nov.

Along with the six specimens of E. bispina came a Single
male of another apparently very distinct species, distinguished
at a glance from all the others by an erect conic tubercle upon the
front margin of the middle lobe of the mesothorax. This species
is notably smaller, measuring but 5 mm. in length, with the setae
of the same length and the wing hardly longer. The hind wing
also is marked with a more distinct basal costal angulation than
is common in this genus. The spines beside the backward pro-
longation of the middle lobe of the mesothorax are present also
in this species but apparently not so large. Unfortunately the
specimen, although perfect, is a subimago, and the mature colora-
_ tion can not be given; it will probably be brownish since in the
subimago it is greenish as in E. bispina. The abdominal
appendages are well enough developed to show that the end seg-
ment of the forceps will be much shorter than in E. bispina,
while the inner appendages will probably be of the same type as
in that species, though probably relatively shorter.

Ephemerella sp?, near ignita

This species occurs at Ithaca, but I have thence but a single
nymph. There are two nymphs in the U. S. National Museum
labeled “From stream on Mr Chamberlain’s farm, Richfield
Springs, N. Y., May 15, 1837.” It is very closely allied to the
Kuropean E. ignita, as figured and described by Eaton
(Monograph, pl.40; whole figure copied in Cambridge Natural
History, vol.5, p.436, fig.282).

One of the two nymphs from Richfield Springs is apparently
grown. It measures in length 8 mm., setae, 3.5 mm. additional.
Body rather more elongate than in the typical species; eyes lat-
erally prominent; abdomen (p1.10, fig.7) strongly depressed, the
usual submedian double row of dorsal tubercles scarcely indicated.
Lateral spines, thin, flat, sharp, on segments 4-9, a mere tooth on
4, increasing in size thereafter to segment 8, broader and less
Sharp on 9. Gills present on segments 4-7, double, on 4 scarcely

46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

operculate, overlapping the next behind it hardly more than that
one overlaps its successor. Setae slender, pale, ringed with dark
brown at base, thinly hairy except at base (Plate 10, fig.7).

Ephemerella sp?

Professor T. D. A. Cockerell has sent me from Pecos, N. Mex.,
a Single nymph of so remarkable form (Plate 9, fig.2). I desire to’
make it known herewith. Its affinities are obviously with
Ephemerella excrucians, and it differs from all the
“allies of Ephemerella” figured by Eaton from western
North America. Therefore I briefly characterize it here and
present a figure made from a photograph of the single known
immature specimen. ese

Body excessively flat and thin, about twice as long as wide,
widest across the middle of the abdomen. Head short and much —
narrower than the prothorax; eyes and ocelli dorsal, remote;
antennae short, bare, about as long as the head is wide, composed
of only about twelve segments, of which the basal one is as usual
longest and thickest.

All lateral margins very hairy. Prothorax half as long as
wide, straight on front and sides with rather acute front angles,
somewhat widened posteriorly. Legs short; femora flattened,
widest before the middle and fringed on both margins. — :

‘Abdomen short, about as wide as long, excessively flat, with
huge, serrate lateral spines on segments 2-9, increasing in breadth
posteriorly, but longest on the middle segments, all strongly
curved posteriorly. Segments slightly increasing in length suc-
cessively to the 8th, 9 much longer, 10 only about one fifth as
long as 9, but slightly produced on the dorsal side. Gills cov-
ered by an oblong opercular lamella attached at the apex of
segment 4. Of the underlying gills I have made no examination,
not wishing to injure the unique specimen. Setae 3, closely paral-
lel at base, broken in the specimen. Coloration very obscure, the
animal being apparently covered in life by adherent silt, but there
is a trace of a brownish ring on the middle of each tibia and
another on each tarsus.

Pecos, New Mexico, July or August 1903.

Professor Cockerell sent me from Pecos also a fine pair of
imagos and these may represent the same species as the nymph
above described. JI should have felt inclined to refer these to
Ephemerella inermis Eaton but for the conspicuously
bifid prolongation of the 9th abdominal sternum in the female;

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK AT

this Eaton describes as being entire. Otherwise, there is close
agreement. The length is 7 mm. in male, 8 mm. in female; setae;
10 mm. in male, 6-7 mm. in female. The segments of the male
fore tarsus in order of diminishing length are 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, the
first segment being one fifth as long as the second. The legs
are wholly pale. The setae of the male are strongly ringed with
black except at the extreme tip in the male, wholly pale in the
female. The head and thorax and basal segments of antennae
are brown. The abdomen in the male is rufous, paler on the
middle segments, and suffused with brownish apically above; in
the female abdomen there are broadly triangular transverse basal
bands of paler on the middle segments. The posterior prolonga-
tion of the sternum of the 9th segment in the female abdomen is
deeply divided by a wide U-shaped notch. The abdominal appen-
dages of the male are shown in pl.10, fig.9.

Ephemerella excrucians Walsh

In Bulletin 47 I published a description of the nymph of this
species (pp.425-426), bred at Saranac Inn. On June 30, 1901,
Mr. J. O. Martin gave me a live nymph which he had just col-
lected from the shore of Cayuga lake, and I reared this also.
Since that time I have received a large number of specimens from
different places in Indiana, notably from Elkhart, sent me by
the late Mr R. J. Weith. From some of the latter, selected to
show the great variety in depth of color pattern, I have had a
new photographic figure made, which I present herewith (pl.9,
fig.1). It will serve immediately for comparison with the very
different form of nymph found in the species above described.
On pl.10, fig.8 are represented the abdominal appendages of the
male imago.

? Caenis allecta, sp. nov.

This is the commonest species in Fall creek at Ithaca. It
Swarmed into trap lanterns hung about the creek during July.
Its nymph lives in the pools and side channels of that turbulent
stream, where the water flows gently among small rock frag-
ments over a bottom thinly strewn with silt. Imagos of our
smallest species, Caenis hilaris Say, come to the trap
lanterns with this one, but in smaller numbers; its nymph I have
not found.

48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

» Imago. Length, 3.5-4.5 mm.; setae, about 10 mm. additional;
expanse of wings, 8 mm.; fore leg of male, 3.5 mm.

General color brown, marked with purplish or slaty gray; head
and thorax brown, carinae and margins of ocelli blackish. Wings
hyaline, with the usual] purplish streak along the radius for two
thirds its length. Abdomen pale yellowish brown on base and
apex, the middle two thirds washed with gray; some elongate
blackish marks on the lateral margins of the 7th to 9th seg-
ments; setae white; antennae, femora and forceps yellowish;
tibiae and tarsi, except the terminal joint, white. Venation of
the wing and the male forceps as shown in the accompanying
figures (figs.8 and 9).

' ; Fig.9 Ventral view of

Fig.8 Venation of wing of ? Caenis allecta male abdominal append-

Sp. Nov. ages of ?Caenis al-
lecta sp. nov., imago.

Nymph. Length, 2.5-4 mm.; setae, 1.5 9 to 2 mm.; ¢ mm. ad-
ditional.

Color greenish brown, obscure on the head, with a transverse
broken and obscure line between the paired ocelli, antennae and
legs pale, a pair of brown submedian dots on the prothorax; ab-
dominal segments pale basally and on the sutures; gill covers
darker beyond the basal third; segments 8-10 darker with a mid-
. dorsal pale line on 8 and 9. Lateral spines on segments 3-9, flat
and thin, best developed on the middle segments, becoming less
divergent posteriorly and losing their lateral fringes of spinules.
Setae stout at base, rapidly tapering; middle one distinctly longer
in female and shorter in male than the laterals, all with scanty
apical cirelets of spinules on the segments. Legs scantily and
abdomen copiously beset with short hair that is usually covered
with adherent silt. |

Aside from the not very satisfactory differences of coloration,
this nymph differs from that of C. diminuta in having the
‘sides of the prothorax parallel; in diminuta the prothorax is
widened anteriorly, and in having a greater part of the abdomen
covered by the opercular lamella; in this species that lamella

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 49

covers part of the 8th segment; in diminuta it does not wholly
cover the 7th segment.

Were it not that these differences of structure of the nymph
are so slight I should have thought a separate genus necessary
for this new species; for the differences in venation and in the
genitalia are certainly as great as usually serve for generic
Separation. These principal differences may be tabulated as
follows:

Character Ca Gila aot See ta, C. allecta
See. picts Siaeaatouta eine See TR
Anal yeimms.....:.-.. disconnected ........ conjoined basally
ISG 5 ck sa BAOSCM bie Leis eee '....| present
Crossveins ......... muniserialics % as Fock . pluriserial
Forceps of male....| one-jointed ......... three-jointed
PPS it ws oka ws ne straight edged....... bilobed at sides and emarginate

in the middle

Among some mayflies that were kindly collected for me by
Mrs Mary Rogers Miller at Thousand Island Park, on the St
Lawrence river, are a number of typical specimens of our two
previously described species, C. diminuta Walker and
C. hilaris Say, that fit the descriptions exactly. In ordet
to promote accuracy in the determination of the most difficult
forms, I have prepared the drawings herewith presented (pl.11,
figs.3-6) of the wings and male genitalia of these species. It
will be observed by comparing the wings with Eaton’s figures
that in venational characters ?C. allecta agrees better with
the Europaean genus Tricorythus and the South Ameri-
can genus Leptophyes, than with Caenis. But there
are disagreements also with these, and the ¢ genitalia and -
nymphs of these are as yet not certainly known.

Leptophlebia praepedita Etn. ?

This species, hitherto known only from New Hampshire and
not yet reported from New York State, is common about Lake
Forest, Illinois, where I have found it in three quite diverse
situations: 1) in the Skokie (north branch of Chicago river), a
sluggish creek flowing through open meadows and marshes;

50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

2) McCormick ravine, where a puny stream, overhung with
witch-hazel and dogwood, flows between deep banks through a
hardwood forest; and 3) in a glacial pothole, grown full of
buttonbush (Cephalanthus) on the top of a moraine. In
all these situations the water is fairly permanent, disappearing
only in seasons of extreme drouth.

The species appears to be diurnal in its habits. Males may
be found in abundance sitting on top of the leaves of shrubs be-
Side the water, or flitting over them in the bright sunshine,
quickly gathering in companies and dancing up and down, and as
quickly dispersing and settling again. They fly at low elevation,
and are easily taken in large numbers in a net, and are as easily
Swept when at rest from the witch-hazel leaves. .

I found the species first in the Skokie May 8, 1901. There
were then a very few subimagos on the wing, and a bed of
mixed ranunculus and polygonum in the water was fairly
Swarming with the nymphs. I took a large number home and
placed them in a bowl of water; where they began transforming
the next day. The subimago stage lasts about 24 hours.

When Eaton described the species he had some doubts as to
whether it should goin Leptophlebia; but the characters
of the nymph are in essential agreement with those of the typi-
cal species of Leptophlebia, and thus confirm the refer-
ence of the species to that genus. In pl.11, fig.1, is represented
the venation, and in fig.2 the J abdominal appendages are shown.

The nymph. Length of body, 6.5 mm.; antennae 2 mim. and
_ setae 6 mm. additional. Body slender, scarcely depressed, widest
across the mesothorax, smooth. Face nearly vertical, ocelli in
front, eyes rather small situated just before the hind angles of
the head; antennae pale, basal segments rather stout, the follow-
ing ones rather tapering to slender and very fragile tips. Mouth
parts very similar to those of Choroterpes, shown on
pl.5, the maxillae more oblique on the end of the combined
lacinia-galea, and lacking the pectinated spine tipping the former ;
the palpi, however, are three-jointed beyond the basal palpiger,
and the palpi of the labium are two-jointed; thus the conditions
of segmentation in these appendages are reversed in the two
forms; this segmentation, however, is. often very indistinct, and
more or less evidence of division of the last segment when there
appear to be but two are generally discoverable in all the palpi.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK OL

Legs rather short, nearly bare; femora scarcely flattened, but
somewhat concave on the side applied to the body; pale brownish,
paler at the sutures. Wing cases reaching posteriorly as far as
the apex of the 3d abdominal segment.
Abdomen very slightly depressed, regularly tapering posteriorly,

its segments very slightly increasing in length to the 9th, the 10th
a little shorter on the dorsum, where produced backward in a
rounded lobe, one half shorter at the sides; short lateral .spines
on segments 8 and 9, larger on 9, the lateral angles e the pre-
ceding segments obtuse.

Gills present on segments 1-7, double, similar, or slightly
longer on the middle segments, divided in nine tenths of their
length into two long, slender, simple tapering filaments, pig-
mented with purplish along the tracheae. Setae 3, equal, nearly
bare at base and sparingly whorled with spinules beyond, grad-
ually tapering to long slender tips.

General color olivaceous, paler below, with a very narrow
median pale line on head and prothorax, a median row of pale spots
on the abdomen of the female becoming larger posteriorly, and a
pair of spots either side on segments 3-9, becoming confluent with
the median one on 9; male darker and more uniformly brown.

May 8, 27, 30, 31; June 13, 14, 18.

- Heptageninae

I deem it necessary to state that I have scarcely entered into
the study of this interesting and difficult complex of interrelated
forms, having dealt at first hand only
with those species in whose life his |
tories I have become interested. The
foregoing keys for this group of genera
are based largely on characters culled
from Eaton’s Monograph, and these are
but a few of the many characters
therein given, and the value of these
few as absolute distinctions of closely
allied genera I have not personally apaSminal cprcudvees on aoe
tested. This group should furnish a. Walsh, imago; £, ported ie
most inviting field for some special Cee ys ray
student, especially here in North America, where it is so abund.
antly represented.

In this group the independent specialization of the nymphs is
extreme. Their life is relatively long, and the conditions under

52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM | Vet

which they dwell are very diverse. The conditions of adult life
are, however, much the same in all; and we find the adults much
more alike. The beginner will certainly find them much more

difficult to distinguish, and would

ee ee do well to study nymphs and adults
Ot ay oe together. The critical diagnosis of
Sees # Soa the species will doubtless rest on the
highly individualized genital arma-

Fig.11 Tarsal claws of nymphs of

enia interpunctata Say; x, F
of Rhithrogena elegantala the strength and definiteness of the
Ktn.?; y, of Iron sp ? from Coy

Glen, Ithaca; z of Ecdyurus characters presented by these parts
maculipennis Walsh; hind

claws in each case; middle ones may be had from reference to the
would be similar; front ones some- C: :

AROS CESS ts accompanying figure of the male for-
ceps and inner appendages of Ecdyurus maculipennis
(fig.10). These project strongly from the ventral side of the apex

of the abdomen, and are easily separated therefrom in fresh or

Fig. 12 Labra of nymphs of Hepta- Fig. 13 Mandibles of nymphs of Hepta-
geninae; h, of Ironsp? from Coy Glen, geninae; c, of Rhithrogena elegan-
Ithaca; i, of Rhithrogena elegan- tula Etn. ?; d, of Iron sp? from Coy

tula Etn.?; j, of Ecdyurus maculi- Glen, Ithaca;e, of Eecdyurus maculi-
pennis Walsh; k, of Heptagenia pennis Walsh; f, of Heptagenia
interpunctata Say interpunctata Say

alcoholic specimens by a longitudinal snip with a pair of fine
scissors. They may then be permanently mounted on a slide as
microscopic preparations so as to give a square ventral view.
It is from preparations so made that all the figures of the male
appendages in this paper have been drawn.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 50

The nymphs in this subfamily are recognizable at a glance by
their dorsally placed eyes, with the lateral flaring margins of the
sides of the head projecting beneath them. They are all strongly
depressed also, and have lateral pectinations to the tarsal claws

_ (fig.11), aiding them doubtless in clinging to their supporting
surfaces washed by currents of streams or waves of shores.
Further than this, however, there is very great diversity among
them, and E'cdyurus, Llron and Rhithrogena fur-
nish a most interesting illustration of a special adaptation to
life in torrents. In Ecdyur us (pl.10, fig.3) the gill lamellae

| Fig. 14 Maxillae of nymphs of Heptageninae; m, of Iron sp? from Coy Glen,
Ithaca;n,of Heptagenia interpunctata Say; o, of Rhithrogena elegan-
tula Etn.?; p,of Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh

are all divergent and the gill filaments are beneath their bases.
In Iron (pl.10, figs.6 and 7) and in Rhithrogena (pl.10,
fig.4 and 5) the abdomen is more limpet-shaped, and the gill lamel-
lae form a closely overlapping series whose outer border fits the
Supporting surface to which the nymph clings as closely as do also
the flaring lateral and front margins of the head; but this is not
all, the gills have migrated outward and now lie upon the bases
of the lamellae, exposed on the outside to the stream of water
_ which now dashes over, but does not flow beneath the lamellae.
Furthermore, by the enlargement and approximation beneath
the thorax of the foremost lamellae and by the depression and
inward curvature beneath the tip of the abdomen of the hind-
most of them, there is formed beneath the abdomen a disk for

54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

adhesion to the surfaces of the stones, fairly well developed in
Iron, very perfect in Rhithrogena. So complete is its
border that when applied to the surface of a stone, any elevation
of the abdomen would create a partial vacuum. beneath it. It
doubtless serves in a different way the same purpose as the row
of smaller discs possessed by the larva of the net-winged midge
(Blepharocera), found in the same situations; and among
anatomical shifts for a living is one of the most remarkable
known to me. |

The three figures of mouth parts of nymphs of the four genera
hereinafter described (figs.12, 13 and 14) show very considerable
structural differences. It is because of the remarkable definite-
ness of such minute parts as the canines of the mandible that I
have been able to determine with certainty some of the elements
of the food of nymphs of Chirotenetes albomani-
catus, its food being all reduced to very minute fragments.

Heptagenia interpunctata Say

This is the commonest species in Fall creek at Ithaca, with
E. maculipennis a close second. Both species swarm into
trap lanterns set about the creek during July—mostly subimagos
just risen from the water. During the daytime imagos are easily
found sitting on the vegetation along the sides of the gorge.
H. interpunctata is also a common species on the shore
of Lake Michigan near my home in Lake Forest, being very
abundant along shore in the latter part of August, associated
with H. flavipennis Walsh, and a few scattering speci-
mens may be taken as late as September.

The rather well marked color pattern of the wing of this species
is shown in the photograph reproduced in Plate 4, fig.4.

The nymphs of this species are found in all the streams about
Ithaca in rapid water under large stones. They are distinguish-
able at a glance from those of all other species by the black
markings of the under side, shown in pl.6, fig.3. ?

The nymph. (P1.6, fig.3). Length of full grown female nymph,
9.5 mm.; antenna, 2 mm., and setae, 11 mm. additional.

Body strongly depressed, widest across the head, but with the

sides behind the head parallel to the middle of the abdomen,
thence tapering rather rapidly to the base of the setae.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 535)

Head flat, almost orbicularly rounded, limuloid, the infero-
lateral margins thin, flat, flaring, fringed with decurved hairs.
Eyes distinctly dorsal, the lateral margins of the head projecting
beneath them. Antennae minute, hardly longer than the head,
_ the basal segments brown and the remainder pale.

Mouth parts as shown in figs. 12h, 13f and 14n.

Prothorax with its declined and flaring lateral margins decur-
rent upon the sides of the mesothorax; legs short; femora much
flattened, and with well-developed posterior fringes of hair; simi-
lar fringes on middle and hind tibiae, but scarcely developed of
fore tibiae.

Albdomen rather short, strongly depressed, and much tapering
beyond the 7th segment; lateral spines on segments 2-9, on 3-5
minute, on 6-9 strong, straight and sharp, longest on 7 and 8, the
tip of that on 8 reaching the level of the middle of the 9th seg-
ment. Segments of the abdomen diminishing slightly in length
_ to the 7th, the 8th and 9th, then successively a little longer; 10th
produced in a rounded posterior lobe.

Gills represented on segments 1-7, on 1-6 double, consisting of
an anterior protecting lamina and a posterior basal one, mar-
gined with respiratory filaments, whose tips are visible at the
inner margin of the lamina. Gill lamella on 1 oblong, somewhat
oblique, with a small lobe beside the basal attachment on the
side next the median line of the body; on 2-6 similar, becoming
somewhat more elongate and less oblique; posterior lamina with
its outer two fifths cut into a border of 1-2 branched respiratory
filaments. On segment 7 there is a simple linear lanceolate fila-
ment (representing the anterior Jamina only) whose tip reaches
the level of the apex of the 9th abdominal segment.

Setae long, slender and very hairy for more than half their
length, the hairs distinctly shorter externally; tips pale, whitish,
ringed with darker and nearly destitute of hair.

‘Coloration olivaceous or greenish brown, darker on head on
sides of prothorax and on dorsum of abdominal segments 6 and
10. On the head there is a pale spot before the middle ocellus,
another one (between each lateral ocellus and the eye, and an
oblique pale streak extends from the eye to the margin below it.
A pale, narrow middorsal line extends from the rear of the head
to the metathorax. The legs are pale, with two broad light-brown
bands on each of the femora. On each of the exposed abdominal
segments is a transverse pale basal area which includes on each
segment, except the 6th, a pair of brownish dots; these dots are
elongated into longitudinal dashes on segments 8 and 9. <Abdo-
men beneath conspicuously barred with brown (pl.9, fig.3),
one angulated bar on each segment, the bars interrupted in the

56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

middle on both basal and apical segments, but best defined
apically.
Bred at Ithaca 18th July, 1901.

Heptagenia sp. no. 3

The nymph of this species was not bred. Like the two
preceding it is strongly marked and easily recognized. It
occurs in the larger streams, clinging to rocks in the swiftest
currents.

The nymph. (P1.6, fig4.) Length, 10 mm.; antenna, 3 mm.,
and setae 13 mm. additional.

Body rather elongate, scarcely wider across the head than
across the mesothorax. Head strongly depressed, evenly rounded
in front, with flaring infero-lateral margins, dilated at the sides
and distinctly visible outside the eyes. Antennae slender, pale.
Prothorax slightly narrowed posteriorly, its margins flaring,
dilated. Legs moderate, pale; femora with indistinct median
and apical darker bands, and with a scanty development of the
usual posterior fringes of hair. Wings reaching the level of the
base of the 4th abdominal segment.

Albdomen regularly tapering posteriorly. Segments 8-10 slightly
diminishing in length, 10 a little produced on the dorsal side, and
produced in a sharp triangular spine on each lateral margin;
lateral spines developed only on segments 7-9, best developed on 8.

Gills represented on segments 1-7, on 1-6 double, consisting of
an anterior protecting lamella and a posterior respiratory
lamella whose border is cut into a long fringe of branching gill
filaments; upper lamella obliquely oval, produced at the tip into
an acute spine-like point, becoming broader distally (obovate) on
4 and 5, and narrower again on 6. On segment 7 there is a
simple linear hairy filament, obtuse at the apex and hardly reach-
ing the level of the base of the lateral spine on the 8th segment.

Setae 3, long and hairy, the hairs becoming whorled and finally
obsolete toward the tip.

The distinctive features of the color pattern are shown in the
photographs reproduced in _ pl.9, fig4. These are a_ broad
pale middorsal band divided with brown on the _ posterior.
abdominal segments, lateral pale dashes at the sides of the
abdominal segments, and a brown longitudinal dash either side
of segments 8 and 9 below.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK at

Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh

As remarked under the account of the Heptagenia
interpunctata, this species was found commonly in Fall
-ereek, at Ithaca. Its larvae were more commonly found at the
edges of the stream; those of that species oftener in the current,
but both often occurred together. This is a dainty little species
with narrow wings, conspicuously marked with black on the
crossyeins (pl.4, fig.3). My bred specimens bear the dates July
9th, 13th and 14th, 1901.

The nymph. (P1.7, fig.3.) Length, 7 mm.; antennae, 2 mm.,
and setae, 5 mm. additional.

Body strongly depressed, elongate triangular in outline, widest
across the dilated, depressed and squarish frons, and rather regu-
larly tapering posteriorly; head rather flat above; paired ocelli
larger and more approximate above in the male than in the fe-
male; antennae slender and short. Mouth parts as shown in
figs.12j, 18e and 14p.

Legs short, femora flattened, with a thin external fringe of
hairs; tibiae slender and somewhat tapering; wing cases reach-
ing the level of the apex of the 3d abdominal segment; abdomen
rather short and slender, slowly tapering to the apex, middle seg-
ments longest, segments 8 and 9 slightly shorter, 10 again longer
on the dorsal side, but shorter at the sides and below; lateral
Spines ‘present on segments 5-9, longest on 6 and 7, straight and
Sharp; setae divaricate, the median one in the mature nymph more
slender; the apical rings of brown on the segments of the setae
are alternately (broader and narrower, and the apical whorls of
setae are excessively short.

General color pattern olive brown, mottled with pale greenish,
darker on head and prothorax, divided by a median narrow pale
line, and varied upon the sides with pale hieroglyphics; abdomen
with pale and indistinct fenestrate markings along the sides. In
the male there are broad dorsal blotches on the dorsum of seg-
ments 4 and 5; in the female, on segments 7, 8 and 9.

Iron sp?

This species has not been bred. It is found in Coy Glen—a
spring-fed stream near Ithaca, possessing a rich and peculiar
fauna. Among our forms hitherto made known this species is
peculiar in the possession of but two caudal setae in the nymphal
stage. I have a number of nymphs collected years ago, from
which, unfortunately, the date label has become detached.

58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

“The nymph. (PL7, figs.6 and 7.) Length, apparently full
grown, 9 mm.; antenna, 1.5 mm., and setae, 9 mm. additional.

Body elongate, strongly depressed, widest across the front of
the head and the meosothorax, these being of about equal width ;
head widest across the front well before the eyes, and strongly
narrowed posteriorly to the obtuse hind angles; infero-lateral
margins of the head thin and flaring as usual, and closely fringed
with hairs; antennae short, slender, pale. Mouth parts as shown
in figs.12h, 13d and 14m.

Dorsum of. the 'prothorax a ale produced laterally, and angu-
late obtusely in the middle of the sides. Legs moderate, tibiae
and femora all with well developed external fringes of hair;
femora very moderately flattened and dilated, the fore femora
most so; tarsal claw pectinate, there being two to four minute
teeth at its anterior border before the apex (fig.11y). The wing
cases reach the base of the 4th abdominal segment. a :

Abdomen regularly tapering iposteriorly, its segments increas-
ing in length to the middle. Two lateral spines each side of
segments 2-6 and one on segment 7, all stout, triangular, and

directed outward.

' Gills represented on segments 1-7; on 1 a very large, broadly
and obtusely triangular flap of membrane shaped like the gill
scoop of a crawfish, attached ‘by the middle of one of the sides,
its front end extending forward and lying against the base of the
hind leg, its hind end overlapping the succeeding gill lamella.
On segments 2-7 the lamellae are ovoid, dorsally carinate, ob-
tusely pointed membranous plates, each with regularly arcuate
front margin overlapping the hind margin of the one on the pre-
ceding segment, and each bearing at its base a tuft of 7-15 short,
finger-like gill filaments. The lamellae diminish in breadth pos-
teriorly, and become less divaricate in pairs, and the tips of the
7th pair are curved beneath the abdomen.

‘Setae 2, rather short and stout, the median seta being repre-
sented by a minute triangular rudiment. The tips of the develop-
ing male forceps project beyond the apex to the 10th segment.

This remarkable nymph dwells in the swiftest- parts of the
stream, and its whole organization exhibits the most wonderful
adaptation to life in such a place; the extra grappling armature
appended to its claws and especially its flattened form with
thin edges all the way around closely applicable to the supporting
surface, and admirably adapted to divert the flow of the water.
Probably the oval enclosure of the gill lamellae of the ventral side
of the abdomen acts as a sort of sucker, and holds the animal

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 59

securely to the rock surface. The net winged midge Blephar-
ocera is the commonest associate of this species in Coy Glen.

This is another genus that has not hitherto been known east-
ward of the Rocky mountains.

Rhithrogena elegantula Etn ?

For the sake of illustrating a still more perfect development
of the ventral abdominal disk framed with gill lamellae, as well
as illustrating the variety of form in this group, I insert here a
figure and a brief description of a nymph from Twin Lakes,
Colorado, sent me for study by Mr Chauncey Juday, collected in
the summer of 1902:

The nymph. (P1.7, figs.4 and 5.) Length of full grown female
nymph, 10 mm.; male, 9 mm.; antennae and setae broken. Body
short, stout, flat, narrowly elliptical behind the dilated head;
head widest across the eyes, semicircular in outline, its thin
lateral margins naked; behind the widest portion the sides con-
verge with very great abruptness to the hind margin; antennae
short and stout and bare, the joinings of the segments becoming
oblique apically. Mouth parts as shown on figs.12i, 18c and 14o.

Prothorax three to four times as wide as long, produced at the
Sides in an obtuse projecting angle; legs rather short and nearly
bare, the femora moderately curved and flattened with a fringe
of rather stiff, very short bristles on the curving superior carina ;
each of the claws with a basal lateral tooth (fig.112).

Abdomen short and ovate; gill plates on segments 1-7 mem-
branous, white, obtuse, closely superposed at their broadly over-
lapping edges, bearing copious tufts of long, simple gill filaments
at their bases above. The anterior ends of the lamellae of the 1st
segment meet beneath the metathorax, and the incurved tips of
those of the 7th segment meet beneath the slightly upcurved tip
of the abdomen. Setae in male 2, with a rudimentary middle one,
in female 5 well-developed, bare, the median paler than the others;
extreme bases of setae brown, like the general integument of the
body. .
[PHEMERINAE |

_ Since the publication of bulletin 47 I have made no new breed-
ings in this subfamily, but my friend Mr W. E. Howard of
Ottawa, Ill., has reared and studied our Polymitarcys
albus Say and has prepared at my request the following

60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

account of that interesting species, which differs in some respects
from the well-known Polymitarcys virgo Oliv:

Polymitarcys albus Say
BY W. E. HOWARD

This description was undertaken at the request of Prof. Need-
ham, who identified the imago for me. Without his kind assist-
ance in this respect, as well as in many others, it would not have
been prepared.

Nymphs of P. albus are abundant in both the Illinois and
Fox rivers at Ottawa. These rivers flow at this place over bot-
toms of solid sandstone, with bars of loose sand accumulated in
the eddies. The streams are swift in the main currents, and the
nymphs of this species are to be found under flat stones at the
edge of swift water when about ready to transform. It was
from two such situations that most of my collections were made,
from which I succeeded in breeding a single specimen. I have
seen the subimagos emerge and arise from the surface of the
water in great numbers, but always just far enough out from the
shore, so that the nymph skins were immediately swept into the
current, where they disappeared before they could be procured.
The difficulty in collecting the skins from the natural breeding
places is further heightened by the emergence occurring during
the evening twilight.

According to my observation, not only this species but all
others observed invariably emerge from the nymph skin at the
surface of the water and leave the skin afloat. This makes the
collecting of the sloughs a much more difficult task than in the
case of stoneflies and dragonflies.

My collections indicate that this is a midsummer species in
northern Illinois. My bred specimen is dated June 22. None of
the imagos in my collections shows an earlier date than this, but
I have nymphs which are evidently near to transforming which
were collected the first week of June. Imagos and subimagos of
the collections are scattered all through July, but August 5th
shows them most abundant. At about this date they were ob-
served in swarms. By the end of August they are much less
numerous, and I have no collections which are as late as Sep-
tember.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 61

The subimago stage lasts 24 hours, and when the final emergence
takes place the subimago alights on some object near the edge
of the stream, where it transforms in less than a minute. The
skin of the subimago remains attached to the bases of the setae
of the imago and in this manner is carried out over the stream by
the flying insect, where it is finally released after some minutes.

The adult of this species is briefly described in Eaton’s Mono-
graph, p.47. The habitat given there is Passaic river, Belle-
ville, N. J. (Williamson) ; Winnipeg river (Say); Red river of
the north and New York (Hagen). This seems to indicate a
rather wide distribution for P. albus in the eastern and
northern United States, but during the summer of 1903 I made
collections from several of the boulder and limestone streams
tributary to the Wabash in Indiana without obtaining a single
specimen.

The nymph. Length, 14-16 mm.; antennae, 3.5-4 mm., and
setae, 7-3 mm. Body depressed, widest across prothorax where
the thin lateral margins project; eyes prominent and lateral;
three somewhat crescent-shaped ocelli arranged in the form of a
broad-based triangle; antennae many-jointed, bearing a whorl of
minute bristles at the apical ends of the joints, the first two
joints much stouter and the joints 4-8 decidedly shorter than the
others, projecting beyond the mandibular tusks by a little less
than half the length of the latter; mandibular tusks about 2.5
mm. long, stout at base, narrowing rather abruptly near the mid-
dle, the slender distal half tapering gradually to the acute,
slightly out-curved tip; the basal half of tusk is thickly set with
stout, acute spines, being less numerous on the slender distal
portion, and entirely disappearing at about one third the distance
from the tip; a few long hairs are borne on the outer side near
the base; mandible stout, bearing two prominent tridentate fangs
on its anterior surface nearly parallel with the distal half of the
tusk, the middle tooth of each the longest; the endopodite arising
from the base of the inner fang is inclined toward the molar
surface, and bears a brush of long hairs on its inner side near
the tip; the labrum is about half as long as broad, slightly
emarginate in front, and thickly covered with fine hairs; maxillae
somewhat slender, the outer basal portion fringed with stiff hairs;
the maxillary palpi three-jointed besides the short pedicel, the
second joint the shortest, the third joint about as long as the
first and second together; outer side of third joint bearing a few
long hairs, the stoutest ones being near the distal extremity, the

62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

inner side covered with finer ones; the first joint fringed with
short, stiff hairs on outer side only; the galea truncate at the tip,
which is densely fringed with fine hairs, inner margin with fewer
stout hairs, and the inner distal angle bearing a few stout spines;
the labium with three-jointed palpi, the large ovate galeae with
their tips projecting a little beyond the tips of the small lanceo-
late laciniae, both galeae and laciniae pilose.

Thorax depressed, widest across prothorax where the pronotum
is continued laterally into a wide, thin margin, each margin end-
ing anteriorally with a prominent acute process. The wing pads
reach to about the base of the third abdominal segment. The
legs are rather long, the foreleg being the longest; the fore
femora stand almost at right angles to the long axis of the body,
the middle femora at about 45°, and the hind femora closely ap-
pressed and nearly parallel with the body; the fore femur bears
three or four rows of short spines on its anterior side, and a few
stout hairs on its posterior side near the distal extremity; the
fore tibia is long, and its inner side, as well as that of the
tarsus, bears a fringe of long hairs; the former bears at its inner
apical extremity a long, pointed process closely appressed against
the inner side of the base of the tarsus; the inner sides of the
fore tibia and tarsus both bear a number of small, sharp spines,
being the most prominent on the fe sus and the apical process of
the tibia.

Abdomen long and gradually tapering from innout the third
segment, tenth segment about as long as wide. Gills present on
segments 1-7, each gill inserted on a lateral prominence bearing
a minute tooth just in front of the gill base, the lateral promi-
nence located just in front of the lateral, hinder angle of the
segment, directed outward at an angle of about 45° to the long
axis of the body; the first pair of gills small, single and spatu-
late, with minute fringes, are curved upward against the body
and are nearly concealed beneath the edges of the wing pads; the
other gills are double and shaped somewhat like a tuning-fork,
the two branches linear acuminate, about equal in length, the
outer branch bearing a rounded prominence at its basal end at
the outer side; the respiratory filaments long, linear, about one
third the length the gill lamina.

Setae about half the length of the body, plumose throughout
the greater part of their length, and then tail-pointed, the median
seta not so stout at the base as the others. _

Colors of the body chiefly brown, ‘amiber on legs and thin mar-
gins of the body, an amber stripe along the dorsal median line
of the abdomen; a brown band on each femur near the distal
extremity, and a ‘small brown blotch near the base of each.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 63

NORTH AMERICAN HYDROPTILIDAE
BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S. (LONDON)

- Some time ago Professor Betten sent to me several tubes con-
taining a large number of examples of Hydroptilidae
collected at Ithaca, N. Y. The examination of these has re-
vealed quite an unexpected wealth of species, so many indeed
that they should form a very satisfactory basis from which to.
start on the investigation of the North American forms com-
prised in this wonderful family. With the approval of Profes-
sor Needham and Professor Betten, I have here undertaken the
attempt to describe the species found at Ithaca, and further ad-
ditional material has been received from Illinois (Needham) and
from New Mexico (Cockerell). A few specimens from the col-
lection of the late lamented Mr. R. McLachlan, London, have also
passed through my hands.

The condition of the material, preserved as it is in alcohol,
puts a limitation on the character of the descriptions. The ex-
ternal facies of the perfect insects is practically lost, most of the
hairy clothing having been rubbed off. Toa great extent, there-
fore, the descriptions will be confined to the details of the ¢
genitalia, and even with regard to these I may add that much
better preparations could have been made from dried specimens.
After all the external facies affords very little aid in the determi-
nation of the species, although in collecting these insects in a
restricted area one learns to know them by their appearance.
In the meantime only the males are dealt with. The difficulty
of associating with the respective males the true females of say
Six species of Hydroptila found in the same tube is one
that will appeal to any one who has ever made the attempt.
Eaton’s. memoir on the family (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lon., 1873,
pp.125-150) was the first which dealt with these minute insect
forms after the newer methods. Mclachlan in his Monographic
Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna
(London 1874-1880) gives a full general account of the family and
good descriptions of the European species which were then
known to him. As the best general account existing, McLach-
lan’s work forms the basis for the present paper as regards

64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

genera, etc. Since McLachlan’s work appeared, much has been
done towards obtaining a better knowledge of the family from -
different points of view, and our information is now much more
detailed and exact with respect to the structure and morphologi-
cal value of the so-called appendages, this improvement being
largely due to the more extended use of microscopical prepara-
tions in studying these insects; and something has also been
learned concerning the early stages of the lives of these tiny
creatures which, as larvae, construct curious habitations of
most diverse forms. As contributors to this knowledge may be
mentioned the names of Klapalek, Ris, and the writer of the
present notice.

Quoting from McLachlan (op. cit. p.503): “ The minute insects
comprised in this family may be justly termed Micro-Trichoptera,
for the largest European form expands to no more than 10 mm.,
the smallest to only 34 mm. Where they occur they usually
swarm in great numbers, running with extreme rapidity, and
very difficult to capture. Although they occasionally appear to
delight in warm sunshine, they are more especially crepuscular
or even nocturnal, and are attracted by light to such an extent
that the walls and ceilings of rooms near water are often dotted
with these dark atoms which have entered by open windows.”

The largest measurements are attained in Agraylea and
Allotrichia, no species of which is here described. The
average expanse may be set down as 5-7 mm., the females as a
rule being slightly larger than the males in a given locality.

The following table of the genera is taken from McLachlan’s
Revision and Synopsis of European Trichoptera, pp.504-5, with
the addition of a new genus which is described on p.72.

A Wings broader, subobtuse, the posterior with no costal elevation or ex-
cision. (Neuration tolerably complete; spurs 0, 3, 4; ocelli present
AVG CISEMEE) cs \ ho. oF eee eon ela ge ee eek re eee Agraylea

B Wings narrower, often acute or subacute; the posterior with a more or
less decided costal elevation followed by an excision

a Spurs 0, 3, 4
b Ocelli present and distinct

c Neuration tolerably complete.............. Allotrichia
ce Neuration less complete »
d Wings scarcely. acuminate...............lthytrichia - =
dd Wings strongly “acttimimmate: 2.72%. -Seece es Oxyethira

bb Ocelli absent (wings acuminate)........... Orthotriehia

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 65

aad Spurs 0, 2, 4 (ocelli absent; wings scarcely acuminate; head

with elevated lobes posteriorly).............. Hydroptila
aaa Spurs 1, 2, 4 (ocelli present, wings acuminate, but scarcely
SUMMER CRS aie iGo c x hole aro oe oleia Maas race seh o Slekt se ois 56 Seca Stactobia

aaaa Spurs 0, 2, 3 (ocelli present; wings acuminate)..Neotrichia

In ignoring the three species referred to in Hagen’s Synopsis,
pp.27-45, I have followed a course far from satisfactory to myself,
but the only one possible in the circumstances. Whether these
species can now be satisfactorily elucidated depends altogether
on the condition of the types.

Mr. McLachlan informs me that the Cyllene minutis-
simella of Chambers proved to be lepidopterous.

Unless otherwise stated the locality is Ithaca, N. Y.

HYDROPTILA

The genus Hydroptila, as at present constituted, con-
tains many European species, and it is highly probable that the
North American forms will prove to be more numerous. A glance
at the figures of the appendages will however serve to show that
the genus is, in respect of these important parts, far from homo-
geneous, and it will no doubt sooner or later be split up into
two or more genera. The typical form may be taken as that
represented by Hydroptila sparsa Curt., the nearest
American form being H. consimilis. In this group there
is a large somewhat campanulate dorsal plate, regarded by
McLachlan as the united superior appendages.

1. Hydroptila consimilis n. sp.

The ¢ appendages as far as they can be described from the
available specimens, are as follows: A large dorsal plate, convex
above, notched on its outer margin, and the angles of the plate
seen from above appear to be acutely produced, viewed from
the side they are seen to be rounded. Side pieces of the last
segment produced into somewhat curved subacute processes.
Inferior appendages nearly parallel, blades slightly outturned at
the tip which is pointed and blackened; the inner margin is
oblique near the apex; a small wart on the inner margin before
the apex; the outer or upper margin bears a row of short spinous
hairs. The penis considerably below the apex has a strong
curved acute process. Ventral lamina short.

66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

This species, as has been indicated, is close to H. sparsa,
but differs from that species in minor details, and particularly
in the process on the penis, this process in H. sparsa being
smaller and nearer the tip of the organ.

Ithaca, N. Y., and Belfrage, Texas.

2. Hydroptila delineatus n.Sp:

This species has the lobes on the head enormously developed
The antenne are about 31-jointed in the J.

The last dorsal segment appears to be deeply excised, the excision
being followed by a large semitransparent plate difficult to sep-
arate from the basal portion of the appendages, but apparently
having a small submarginal projection on either side of a larger
median one, but the outline of the plate is rather uncertain. The
inferior appendages are nearly parallel, the apex outturned and
upturned; the apical portion seen from the side has the lower
angle somewhat produced while the upper part of the apex forms
a kind of knob which in some positions shows a slight angle on
its anterior side. Arising from the upper side of these append-
ages is a long spirally curved acute process which winds itself
round the under side of the apical lobe. On the outer (or lower)
edge of the appendages, near their middle, is a slightly raised part
bearing two or three spinous hairs. Ventral lamina short.

This species can be determined without difficulty from the
ventral aspect of the appendages. It has no very near known
ally. |

3. Hydroptila spatulata n. sp.

The dorsal plate'in the ¢ narrower than in consimilis,
deeply notched in the posterior margin. Inferior appendages
approximated at the base, slightly curved outwards and down-
wards, superior edge with a few spines; apex apparently scabrous. —
Side pieces of the last segment produced into rather long sub-
acute processes. The penis, usually much exserted, with a flat-
tened rounded apex, immediately below which is a small acute
process placed at right angles. Ventral lamina very long and
slender, slightly swollen at the apex when viewed from the side,
the outer margin obliquely truncate, blackish and roughened. No,
yery near ally known to me. |

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 67

4, Hydroptila hamata n. sp.

The dorsal plate in the male is small, broadest in the middle,
apex excised. Beneath it there is a small rounded penis-cover.
The appendages are narrow, finger-shaped, aristate and widely
divergent. Two strong hooks visible at the posterior margin of
the last ventral plate or segment. The penis is very slender,
curved at the apex and accompanied by a slender sheath of equal
length. Ventral lamina very long; in lateral outline somewhat
club-shaped, but lower margins oblique and minutely serrate.

This species is certainly near to the European femoralis,
but it differs especially in the form of the dorsal plate which in
femoralis is not notched and is boat-shaped in outline.

5. Hydroptila perdita n. sp.

Antenne about 31-jointed in the g.. The dorsal plate is large,
rounded posteriorly, gradually becoming wider, the margins
Slightly retracted: at the base, a small hollow looking patch near
the apex. The inferior appendages subparallel blades, twisted
outwards at the apex, which is obscurely bifid; scattered
spinous hairs, particularly on external (superior) margin. Penis
broad towards the base; in the exserted part tapering to a
point, below which is a very strong curved acute process standing
out strongly from the stem. Ventral lamina small.

ITHYTRICHIA

The typical forms of this genus are rather robust-looking
insects bearing considerable resemblance to the species of
Hydroptila, but they are at once distinguishable on account
of their distinct ocelli and the absence of the elevated lobes on
the posterior part of the head.

6. Ithytrichia clavata n. sp.

In the ¢ the antennae are about 24-jointed. The appendages
may be described as follows: There appears to be a transparent
dorsal plate with outer margin nearly semicircular in outline,
but the plate is very difficult to separate from the other parts.
There are very large side pieces of subtriangular form in the
lateral aspect, blade-like if viewed from above, the apex down-
turned and outturned rather acute and blackened at the extreme

68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tip. What may be termed the inferior appendages are not dis-
tinctly separated from the side pieces, and consist of a ventral
plate apparently deeply slit; seen from the side the separate
divisions of the plate appear as a rather long appendage slightly
upturned and blackened at the point. The penis is club-shaped
at the apex in one aspect; in another it is slightly excised at the
apical margin and the club is hollow with a slender rod-like
process lying within it. The penis seems to be formed of two
joints, the apical probably capable of being partly retracted
within the other; the latter joint is broad at the proximal part,
but becomes constricted before the apex; a spiral sheath arises
from about the middle of the organ. Beneath the penis is a
transparent process out of which proceed two or more spines, and
on either side of this central process are sometimes visible two
minor ones.

There is some uncertainty about the form of the dorsal plate,
but the true form of this will be readily ascertained from prepara-
ations made from fresh or dried specimens. Equally there is
uncertainty about the cleavage of the ventral plate. These trans-
parent membranous plates appear to suffer in form from immer-
sion in alcohol. 3

A species closely allied to I. lamellaris of Europe, of
whose appendages no adequate figures have so far, been published.
In I. lamellaris in the part corresponding to that which is
called above “inferior appendages” there is, I believe, no slit,
although a long, narrow part where the membrane is thinner
sometimes gives an illusory idea of a slit. In lamellaris
the dorsal plate is produced in the centre with a blunt, slightly
rounded lobe, while the process underneath the penis is about
equal in breadth to the above-mentioned lobe, and instead of
being simple as in clavata it is subdivided by an excision.

The larva referred to in Psyche, vol. ix, pp.875-8, is almost cer-
tainly that of the species just described. Whether the views ex-
pressed in that paper are well founded or not can only be
determined by a more complete knowledge of the life history of |
the creature, the working out of which should be sufficiently at-
tractive even if it does not result in the verification of Professor
Needham’s views.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 69

The larva of _Ithytrichia was originally discovered by a
Mr Bolton of Birmingham who formerly supplied living
microscopical material for students, and it was noticed by me
in Ent. Mon. Mag., 1st series, vol. xxiv, p.171 (1888) ; it has also
recently been described by Ulmer (Stett. Entomol. Zeit. 1902,
p.364).

, ¢. Ithytrichia confusa, n. sp.

Antennae about 28-jointed in the 4, long and slender, none of
the joints really submoniliform, entirely fuscous, save a few basal
joints, which are pale yellow.

The last segment is open dorsally and within it lies a compli-
cated organ represented in fig. 16. The appendages are closely
approximated ventrally; in the side aspect they consist of a broad
basal part, from the upper portion of which springs a long blade-
like process, with rounded outer margin, beset within with
numerous spines or spinous hairs. The outer margin of the basal
part is beset with strong incurved teeth.

This species, which is very easy of identification, is referred
provisionally to Ithytrichia, but the form of the append-
ages and the long slender antennae isolate it from the typical
species of Ithytrichia. It is almost certain to be ultimately
regarded as the type of a new genus.

ORTHOTRICHIA

The uropean species frequent both standing waters and rivers.
They are insects which measure from 6-8 mm. in expanse of wing,
and McLachlan says of O. angustella that its antenne have
about 39 joints in the ¢ and about 31 in the 9. The most promi-
nent features in the ¢ genitalia are as follows: Large dorsal
plate which is more or less asymmetrical, usually notched in its
outer margin and with stronger chitinized parts, which assume
the form of hooks or strong teeth. The penis is of very great
length, very slender, apparently divided into two parts, the apical
part which probably forms about + of the whole, being probably
retractile (according to McLachlan, and I think he is correct).
In Orthotrichia tetensii Kolbe, the side pieces of
the last segment are asymmetrical, on one side being produced
into a rather long, slightly curved sub-acute process, the other

70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

into quite a short process, while the inferior appendages are much
incurved, also asymmetrical, one of the appendages having a large
ante-apical swelling or blunt tooth. In Orthotrichia
angustella MclL. the side pieces are apparently on much the
Same plan, but the appendages are strongly divergent.

8. Orthotrichia brachiata, n. sp.

Although but one poor specimen existed in the collection, I have ~
no hesitation in referring this to the genus Orthtrichia
on its general characters. As a species it is critically near O.
angustella and the two are almost certainly representative
of each other on the two continents. In O. brachiata the
side pieces appear to be asymmetrical, but the specimen is some-
what damaged in this respect. The penis is typical of the genus
and is notched at the apex. Alongside of it is a very strong acute
sheath and under it a cover with rounded apex. The inferior
appendages are very strongly divergent, aristate. Above these
(according to what is found in O. angustella) there should
be two spiniform processes slightly divergent and terminating in
a hair, but in the specimen before me these can not be made out
satisfactorily. The margin of the last ventral segment has a
small chitinized median plate broader anteriorly and with excised
fore and hind margins, the posterior projections each bearing a
short bristle. The dorsal plate is as usual unequal on its two
sides, but I can see no trace of teeth, although portions of the
margin are more or less strongly chitinized.

Tt is to be regretted that the material is so unsatisfactory, but
the figures should serve for identification.

OXYETHIRA
This genus, conspicuous on account of its narrow wings, has
proved one of the most prolific of species in the European fauna.
No estimates can be placed on the number of species that may
eventually be found in North America; the possibilities are
boundless. :
9. Oxyethira coercens, n. sp.
Antenne in the ¢ about 31-jointed.
The last segment dorsally is semicircularly excised when
viewec from above; seen from the side the edges are strongly

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK fal

toothed. The ventral plate, if viewed from the side, is in the
form of a strong claw with serrate margin; from beneath, “its
margin is excised rather deeply, and each of the side lobes has
about three teeth. On either side the apex of a blackish rod
is usually visible. The penis has the apex much dilated and
armed with two or three teeth.

This species, which belongs to the same group as the European
QO. frici Klap., should be very easily recognized from the
ventral plate. -

10. Oxyethira viminalis, n. sp.

The margin of the last dorsal segment is slightly and simply
excised. Beneath, the margins of the segment recede and form
a deep excision. 'The ventral plate has the margin nearly
straight, and above it are two blackish appendages—no doubt
the homologues of the hooks which lie above the ventral plate
in several European forms. The penis is large, and with its
sheaths forms a very complicate structure; the apex, however,
is simple. The only other appendages visible are a pair of
lateral rods. :

Described with great hesitation from a single ¢ from Ithaca,
but afterwards fully verified from further material from Prof.
Needham (Lake Forest, 15 Oct. 1902).

11. Oxyethira dualis

In this species the appendages are very simple; seen from
above the penultimate segment is deeply excised; from the same
point of view is visible a quadrate penis cover, the posterior
margin of which has two slight excisions. From beneath is
seen the simple ventral plate, almost straight in its posterior
outline, the hind angles slightly oblique; the plate is rather
broader at its base and on each lateral margin is a faint angle.
The apex of the penis has an elongate swollen part, probably
exaggerated in figs.37 and 388, through the presence of some
extraneous matter; after preparation this part had the appear-
ance of having two slightly chitinized straight rods and a sickle-
shaped one.

1 ¢ Las Vegas, New Mexico. (Cockerell.)

fe NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Another larger female, probably alsoan Oxyethira, was
in the sending from New Mexico, but I can say nothing definite
about it in the absence of the ¢.

Ni&OrRIcHIA, NOY. GEN.

Spurs 0, 2,3. Ocelli present. Head posteriorly with two large
pyriform warts; disc elevated with a median longitudinal line.
Antenne with 18-19 joints (probably in both sexes), joints
shorter and more submoniliform in the 9; rather stout, basal
joint moderately long and slightly curved, second joint some-
what shorter, the four following subequal and cylindrical, the |
remainder submoniliform. (Palpi uncertain from the material
in hand.) Legs long and slender. Neuration apparently simpler
than in any of the other known-genera. (Compare the figures.)

12. Neotrichia collata n. sp.

In the ¢ the apex of the abdomen may be described as fol-
lows: Atbove there is a semitransparent transverse plate, at
either side of which are two rather longer thin processes which
seem to be slightly out-turned at the apex. There are also
semitransparent side pieces rather slender and slightly curved.
The inferior appendages consist of two parallel contiguous proc-
esses which at the apex on their inner edges are obliquely
truncate and bear one or two teeth. -The penis in its apical
portion consists of two closely-lying parts of nearly equal
length, slightly hooked at the tips. |

A minute and exceedingly interesting form. The figures were
rather difficult to obtain from the material received, but the
important characters are set forth and will serve sufficiently for
identification. |

From New Mexico a large number of interesting cases be-
longing to two or probably three species have been sent. One
is a veritable Oxyethira, while the others belong probably
to Hydroptila, but I am not sure whether the differences
shown by some of the cases are due to individual variation or
point to the presence of two species.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK Te

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE

In the interval that has elapsed since the above paper was
_written, Mr. Nathan Banks has published two papers which con-
tain references to North American Hydroptilidae (two
species of Hydroptilide, Ent. News, April ’04, p.116; and A List
of Neuropteroid insects, exclusive of Odonata, from the vicinity
of Washington, D. C., Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. vi, No. 4,
pp.215-6). These may give rise to questions of synonymy, but at

Wig. 15 Hydroptilid structures: Agravlea multipunctata; 40, apex of
abdomen from beneath, 41, same from side, 42, triangular pieces from side, 43, same
When much exserted, 44, ventral lamina; Orthotrichia americana (?)
45, apex of abdomen from beneath.

the moment I am unable to deal with the subject which I think
may be safely left to be cleared up by American students.

In the same interval some further material has come to hand
from Professor Needham and Professor Betten, but this has been
only partially examined. It includes an Agraylea which ap-
pears to be the same as the European A. multipunctata,
and an Orthotrichia which I had described under the name of O.
eristata but which may be O.americana, Banks. There
is also another good species of Hydroptila, but the material
is hardly sufficient for description.

74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Professor Needham bred the Agraylea and sent me the
larva and cases. The metamorphoses of Agraylea and many
other Kuropean forms have been described recently in an admira-
ble way by Herr A. J. Silfvenius of Helsingfors.

Agraylea multipunctata Curt.

McLachlan, Rev. & Synopsis, p.506, describes the species as
follows:

Antenne blackish fuscous. Body blackish fuscous; abdomen
greenish in life; blackish in dry examples with pale lateral lines;
the ventral surface clothed with silky yellowish hairs. Head and
pronotum clothed with greyish yellow hairs. Legs subtestaceous
with fuscous femora; clothed with pale hairs. Anterior wings
ordinarily blackish, with numerous distinct golden-yellow mark-
ings, mostly forming spots, but usually there is also a long and
broad space near the apex of the costal margin, about two elon-
gate spaces on the inner margin, and two or three apical spots
extending into the fringes which are otherwise dark (but these
markings are very variable; individuals occur in which they are —
entirely absent, the wings then being wholly blackish, or in which
they invade the whole wing, obliterating the dark ground and
causing the insect to appear pale cinereous). Posterior wings
cinereous grey, with concolorous, slightly iridescent fringes.

In the ¢ there appears to be a bilobed shining yellowish plate
under the margin of the last dorsal segment. ‘Superior (interme-
diate?) appendages in the form of two contiguous yellowish
bands, very strongly curved downwards; from between them
escapes the penis, which is dark, straight, updirected, its apex
dilated and truncate. Inferior appendages, viewed ventrally,
very distant, upcurved, yellowish, subcylindrical, but they are
apparently connected with two upcurved contiguous median
processes, seen from the middle of the ventral margin, more slen-
der than the appendages and blackish at the tips; internally, on
either side of these, is a triangular piece. Lobe of the ante-
penultimate ventral segment long, flattened and adpressed_ dilated
gradually to the apex, which is shallowly excised and narrowly
blackish; the colour otherwise testaceous; at the base of this lobe
is a cubrmnaeular blunt tooth.

In the 2 the abdomen ends in a stout upcurved ovipositor, aud
there is the usual smal] sharp tooth on the antepenultimate ven-
tral segment.

Expanse 714-9 mm.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 75

The foregoing description was made no doubt entirely from dry
examples. The words italicized and the stouter form of the in-
ferior appendages are almost the only characters which served
to separate the closely allied A. cognatella, a very critical
species regarding which I have some doubt.

The superior (intermediate?) appendages of McLachlan, de-
scribed by him as in the form of two contiguous yellowish bands
very Strongly curved downward, appear to be separate at the base
only, the downturned tip being rounded. Between the divided
_base escapes the penis, which is not shown in the figures here.
The construction of the socalled triangular pieces is very peculiar
and their appearance depends much on the degree to which they
are exserted.

The North American insect is practically identical with the
European; the only difference appears to be in the upcurved con-
tiguous median processes which are probably rather shorter and
stouter in the American form. The latter was bred by Needham
at Lake Forest in June, and he sent the same species from Chic-
opee Mass. (23 April ’05). It will probably prove to be common
in the Northern States.

Orthotrichia americana Banks ? (Ent. News 1904, p.116)
0. cristata Morton, U.S.

The dorsal plate in the ¢ is almost entire in its outer edge;
from the one side, on the upper surface, arises a short hook, while
on the other side, nearer the middle, arises a long, slender, much-
curved acute process bent strongly inwards under the plate itself.
The last ventral segment terminates in two Separate blackish
plates which are broadest where they approach each other, nar-
rowing outwards, their apices bearing a spine; between these
plates is a black appendage which seen from the side is hook-
shaped and bears two spines. The seventh ventral Segment with
a process covered with strong thick blunt hairs; the sixth segment
with a small tooth. ;

Lake Forest, Ill. (Needham).

The process on the seventh ventral segment is very similar to
that found in the European O. tetensii. |

76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

AQUATIC NEMATOCEROUS DIPTERA II
Chironomidae .
BY OSKAR AUGUSTUS JOHANNSEN

The present work forms a continuation of the paper entitled
“Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera,” published in bulletin 68
of the New York State Museum (1903). In that paper the
Blepharoceridae, Simuliidae, Culireidac. and
the Dixidae were treated. In this paper the Chironomi-
dae will be considered, the classification reviewed, the chirono-
mid genera of the world described and discussed, and finally de-
scriptions given of the imagoes of all known North American
species except those belonging to the group Ceratopogon
(sens. lat.). Descriptions will.also be given of all larvae and
pupae as far as known. The bulk of the material studied was
collected in New York, but many specimens were obtained from
the Mississippi valley, Rocky mountain and Pacific coast states.
In drawing up the descriptions of the species upward of 5000
pinned specimens and much alcoholic material was studied. In
order to save space the references to works of authors are abbre-
viated, only the author’s name followed by a date is given, the
complete reference being given in the bibliography in the back
of the book. The study upon this family of flies was begun
in the spring of 1901 and was continued throughout four sea-
sons. The work was done in the entomological laboratory of
Cornell university under the direction of Professor J. H. Com-

stock, to whom I wish to express my thanks for advice in the —

preparation of this work. I am also under obligations to Pro-
fessor Kellogg of Leland Stanford jr. university, Professor C. O.
Houghton of Delaware agricultural college, Professor Aldrich of
Idaho, Mr. A. L. Melander of Washington State, and Doctors Mac-
Gillivray and Riley of the instructing staff of Cornell university ;
and especially to Professor J. G. Needham of Lake Forest uni-
versity for specimens and many favors. :
The family of the Chironomidae or midges comprises
a large number of very delicate, and often minute flies, of which
over 800 species are known throughout the world. They resemble
mosquitoes in some respects, but are usually more delicate, and

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW: YORK 77

may be distinguished from them by their wing venation. These
midges are often seen, especially in early spring or autumn, in
immense Swarms dancing in the air, and are frequently to be
found at these seasons upon the windows of dwellings where they
are often, perhaps usually, mistaken for mosquitoes.

Professor Williston relates (1896) that over meadows in the
Rocky mountains he has seen them rise at nightfall in most
incredible numbers, producing a humming noise like that of a
distant waterfall, and audible for a considerable distance. Most
of the species are inoffensive or actually beneficial as scavengers.
‘The group Ceratopogon, however, forms an exception,

‘some members of which, known as sandflies, or punkies, have

the power of sucking blood, and are particularly troublesome in
the mountains, along streams, and at the seashore. The Chiro-
nomidae are very widely distributed, being apparently as prevalent
and as numerous in the frigid as in the torrid zone. There are
about 500 European species, many of which were described by
Zetterstedt, from Sweden and Lapland. Of the species hitherto
described from North America over one third are from Alaska,
Greenland and Hudson bay territory. A surprisingly large num-
ber of species are common to both Europe and North America.
When the fauna of Asia, Africa and South America is as well
known the total number of species will doubtless be increased
many fold.
Geological distribution

One would scarcely expect the delicate, minute flies of this
family to be preserved from mesozoic times, yet they seem to be
not altogether unknown. Two species referred to Macropeza are
figured, one by Geinitz from the Lias of Dobbertin and one by
Brodie from the English Purbecks; two other obscure forms from
the English Purbecks are figured under the name of Chirono-
mus; and Corethrium pertinax and Cecidomium
grandaevum of Westwood, from the same beds, appear
to belong to this family rather than to the Cecidomyiidae
or Culicidae. Rhyphus priscus Brodie, from the
Knglish Purbecks, also probably belongs here and not.-to the
Rhyphidae.

78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The family is very abundant in amber, Loew having found seven

species of Tanypus, more than forty of Chironomus
and twenty-six of Ceratopogon. Giebel also describes
two species of Chironomus and one of Ceratopogon
in amber, and these genera had previously been recognized as
occurring there by Burmeister, Erickson and others. Duisberg
also records a peculiar genus, Sendelia, from the same.
But the occurrence of the family in a fossil state is not confined
to amber; thirteen species of Chironomus have been
described from Rott, Oeningen, Rodoboj, and Utah, and the genus
has been recognized also in Wyoming, while numerous pupae _
distinguishable as belonging to several species are recorded by
Heyden from Rott. Ceratopogon has also a species at Rott, and ©
it has been recognized at Aix and in Sicilian amber. Numerous
specimens of the family occur at Florissant, but they are usually
in very poor condition; they have also occurred in the British
Columbian tertiaries. Scudder (1886).

Economic importance

The only function of the imago of the Chiromomid,
at least in the group Chironomus, and perhaps Tanypus
also, is that of reproduction. Miall and Hammond (1900) say,
“Tt is evident that Chironomus does not feed in the winged
state. The mouth parts, though of elaborate structure, are never
used in feeding, and the alimentary canal of the fly is empty,
except for a greenish fluid, which fills the stomach of the pupa
and newly hatched fly... . The larvae of Chironomus feed
on dead leaves and other vegetable refuse. Microscopic examina-
tion of the contents of the stomach reveals a blackish mass of
vegetable fragments, besides Diatoms, Infusoria, eggs of other
aquatic animals and grains of sand.”

Some species of the group Ceratopogon are blood suckers
and their mouth parts as figured by Professor Kellogg (1899)
seem admirably adapted to this function.

The larvae and_pupae of the Chironomidae are of ae
importance as fish-food. Professor Needham (1903, p.204) men-
tions the fact that large numbers of the larvae of a species of
Chironomus were taken from the stomachs of brook trout,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 79

proving that these fish live almost exclusively upon “ blood-—
worms,” at certain seasons at least. Garman (1888) says:
“Probably no other one genus of insect constitutes as important
an item in the food of as large a number of fishes.” While Forbes
| (1877) in giving a list of the organisms which form food of
fishes records Chironomidae as occurring in the stomachs
of many species.
Enemies

Besides the fish which devour vast numbers of Chironomid
larvae, the nymphs of dragonflies, caddis worms, Perla, Sialis,
beetle and other predaceous larvae constantly prey upon them;
while the adults are eaten by dragonflies, by the net-winged
midges (Blepharoceridae) and other predaceous insects.
In a swarm of these midges very often one also sees a number
of danceflies (K mpids) constantly seeking victims.

Methods of capturing, rearing and mounting

Sweeping the low brush, rank grass, and herbage along the
banks of ponds and streams is the usual way of capturing these
flies, and often in a favorable location hundreds may be caught
in a few hours; but the most satisfactory manner of catching
is by means of a cyanide traplantern, such as is described by
Professor Needham (1901, p.398). By means of it several
thousand specimens may be taken in a single night. The most
favorable time for setting the lantern is a sultry, cloudy night,
during the summer or spring; and the most favorable location
is near the bank of a pond or creek.

The larvae and pupae and sometimes the eggs also may be
scooped from the bottom of the pond by means of a small coffee-
Strainer net; or swept by means of a brush into a cloth sagnet
from the surface of the rocks at the bottom of the shallow creek
as described by Professor Needham (1899, p.5). From thence
they are transferred to jelly tumblers, or for those forms which
require rapidly flowing water to a jar from which the water
is drawn as rapidly as it enters by means of a continuous siphon
as described by Professor Comstock in “Insect Life,” p.330. If
the larva is nearly full fed, but a short time will be required
for it to transform. If the specimens are still quite small, some

80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

dead leaves and rubbish may be put in the glass for them to
feed upon. The larvae of Chironomus usually hide them-
selves from view, and in the mud and debris form tubes which
open at the surface. When placed in a jar their chief anxiety
is to bury themselves in the mud, and very soon they will gather
bits of dead leaves and particles of sand about them, binding
them together with viscid threads passed out of the mouth, and in
a Short time will be completely concealed in a rough tube. These
tubes are frequently seen upon the surface of dead leaves, on
stones, sticks, etc. One species is known to be a leaf miner
(Pettit, 1900). The larvae of species belonging to the groups
Ceratopogon and Tanypus usually do not form tubes, —
but remain free. Specimens captured in the fall may live all
winter and not transform until spring. Some specimens of
Ceratopogon taken by the writer in September lived until
the following May in the larval stage, and it is probable that
they live thus nearly a year. The larvae may be found all the
year around, while the adults are common excepting in the dead
of winter, and a few specimens may be found even at that season.

The larvae are best preserved in alcohol, either first killing
them in hot water, or placing directly in the alcohol. If any
peculiarity of color marking is observed it should first be noted,
as the spirits soon remove much of the pigment. The adult should
be mounted with great care, either upon an elbow pin (MacGil-
livray, 1908b), or upon a minutien nadel, a short and very
slender headless pin, thrust through a small piece of cork or
pith and then into the under side of the thorax of the fly.
Through the other end of the cork an ordinary insect pin is
placed, and the specimen is then ready for the cabinet. It is
also very desirable to preserve some specimens of each species
in alcohol, or better still, in a mixture of formaldehyde and
glycerine. The latter preserves the original colors quite well,
especially if kept in the dark. These specimens should be put
in very small vials and should, of course, bear the same number
label as_ the pinned | specimen. The fore tarsi of the genus
ChironomusS are very easily broken off, and therefore it is |
quite necessary that great care should be observed in preserving
them since their presence is necessary in the determination of

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 81

some of the species. It is the practice of the writer to remove
one wing and all the legs from one side of at least one Specimen
of each species and to mount them (preferably dry) upon a slide;
this method allows of ready measurenient and comparison.

- Characteristics of egg, larva, pupa, and adult

The adults may be characterized as follows: More or less
mosquito like in form, seldom reaching ten millimeters in
length. The head is small, somewhat compressed, palpi usually .
four-jointed; proboscis short; antennae of variable length, from
six to fifteen jointed; the first joint disk-like, the last one
elongated, the male antennae usually plumose. Eyes reniform
or oval; ocelli rudimentary or wanting. Thorax highly arched,
frequently projecting over the head, without transverse suture;
scutellum small and hemispherical; metathorax well-developed.
Abdomen long and slender, eight-jointed, the hypopygium pro-
jecting forceps-like; ovipositor but little developed. Legs usually
long and slender; coxae moderately long; tarsi frequently very
long. Wings either bare or hairy; the veins of the costal margin
being stout and in marked contrast with those in the other part
of the wing, which appear to be fading out. Venation variable.
The larvae usually have blood or tracheal gills, and are soft-
skinned and worm-like. The pupae are free, some are active and
resemble Culex, others float upon the surface of the water
and still others remain at the bottom of the pond until ready to
emerge.

The flies with which they might be confused are the crane
flies and the mosquitoes. The former (Tipulids) are usually
larger, have proportionately longer legs, have more numerous
and .more distinct wing-veins, and have a V-shaped suture upon
the dorsum of the thorax. The latter (Culicids) have scales
upon the wing, and all, excepting the subfamily Core-
thrinae, have an elongate biting proboscis. The adults of
the genus Chironomus havea peculiar habit of holding their
fore legs high above the surface upon which they stand, while the
mosquitoes usually hold up their hind legs.

There is one other family of flies, the Stenoxenidae, which
must be distinguished from the Chironomidae. This

82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

peculiar family has but a single genus, a single species, and is
represented by but a single specimen, which is now in the United
States National Museum. This family will fall in the couplet —
with the Chironomidae in the key given by Comstock
(1895), and by Williston (1896), but differs from all the members
of this family by its peculiar wing venation (p1.35, fig.29). The
description of the family was first given by Mr. Coquillett
(1899a). :
The eggs .

The eggs of most of the Chironomidae are deposited
in water; some species in swift flowing water, others in sea or
lake water, while most of them lay them in stagnant pools or
ponds, or in slow flowing streams. , The egos of a few species are
deposited in bark, in manure, and in debris. Some species lay
them in strings resembling somewhat a minature string of toad’s
eges; while others lay them in clumps. The eggs themselves are
elongate, cigar-shaped, usually pointed at each end. They hatch
in a few days.

The larvae

The larvae are worm-like, but vary somewhat in form with
the different genera. Most of them are aquatic, while a few live
in the earth, in manure, or under bark (p1.16, fig.4; pl.17, figs.1 and
4; pl.19, fig.9). . :

Excepting some of the Ceratopogon they are provided
with both thoracic and anal prolegs, and move by creeping in
a manner somewhat like a geometer larva, without, however,
such regularity, nor does the middle section hump up, but loops
irregularly to one side or the other. Many species are blood-red
in color, and hence are frequently known as blood-worms. They
have a distinct head with well-formed labrum, labium, epipharynx,
hypopharynx, mandibles and maxillae, the mandibles moving in
oblique planes. The body is distinctly segmented, usually with
twelve joints besides the head, the three thoracic segments being
but little thicker than those of the abdomen. The twelfth seg-
ment is provided with a pair of prolegs, some caudal setae and
blood gills: sometimes there are two pairs of conspicuous blood
gills upon the ventral surface of the eleventh segment also. The

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 83

terrestrial larvae of Ceratopogon have prominent spines
and setae upon the body, while the aquatic forms are nearly
devoid of them (pl. 17, figs.1 and 4). The aquatic larvae of Cera-
topogon have no prolegs and the body is very slender and
snake-like. The larvae can exist at great depths, and have been
fished up from the bottom of deep lakes. They have been found in
salt water (Packard, 70a).
The pupae

The pupae of Chironomus are frequently found in the old
larval cases; others swim very freely near or at the surface after
the fashion of a pollywog. The pupa of Tanypus is active
and resembles that of Culex in form and habit. The pupa of
the aquatic Ceratopogon is more elongate than Tany-
pus, is not active, and floats, nearly motionless, in a vertical
position. All of the pupae have an enlarged thorax and usually a
pair of respiratory tubes or filaments, while the caudal end is
Somewhat broadened and paddle-like or prolonged into two-
pointed lobes, with ciliate margin.

The imagines

To the imaginal characters of the family already given the fol-
lowing may be appended:

The head is small, spheroidal, flattened where it joins the
thorax, in some genera somewhat hollowed out between the eyes.
The compound eyes are large, with conspicuous facets and dis-
tinctly separated from each other. They are kidney-shaped (reni-
form) ; that is, hollowed out around the base of the antennae.
The ocelli are wanting. The front, the space between the eyes, is
limited by the upper margin of the head and a line drawn through
the root of the antennae. The vertex is the uppermost part of the
front, near the margin of the occiput. |

The face is the portion below the antennae, which is prolonged
more or less downward to form the proboscis. The oral margin
and an indefinite space immediately contiguous to it is called the
epistoma or peristoma. The epistoma is usually convex, provided
with: setae or sensory hairs. The maxillary palpi are the slender,
usually four-jointed appendages, the most conspicuous of the
mouth parts. The labrum, hypopharynx and labium differ with

84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the different genera. In Chironomus and allied genera
there is no trace of mandibles. In Ceratopogon the mouth
parts are fitted for piercing. For homologies of the mouth parts,
see Kelloge’s papers in Psyche, 1899. The antennae or feelers are
variable in form and number of joints; the first visible joint (called
2d joint by Miall and Hammond 1900) is usually enlarged, fol-
lowed by a second which is sometimes also somewhat enlarged,
these two being called the scape. These are always more or less
differentiated from the remainder, which constitute the flagellum.
In the male the joints of the flagellum are usually provided with
long hairs. The first joint of Miall and Hammond (1900) is the
extremely short hidden one, which is sunk in the head, and almost
entirely occupied by the muscles which move the antennae to and
fro. The next joint, the large one, exhibits a peculiar structure,
which is believed to serve for the perception of sound. (M.and H.
1900, and Mayer 1874.) The head is connected with the thorax
by a neck, whose cuticle-is membranous. _
The thorax is composed of three parts, the prothorax, the meso-
- thorax and metathorax. The prothorax is quite narrow, forming
a rounded collar back of the neck, within which are the muscles
of the foreleg. On the dorsal surface it appears as a narrow band
with a median incisure and suture. The humerus or humeral
callus belongs also to the prothorax according to Miall and Ham-
mond (1900). It is called the paratreme by Lowne. The meso-
thorax is very large; it is highly arched, and in some it projects
somewhat over the head. On its fore edge is the anterior thoracic
spiracle. The upper or dorsal surface of the mesothorax is often
called the mesonotum, and it has attached to it at its posterior
margin, and cut off from it by an impressed line, the scutellum, a
small, semioval body, which really belongs to the mesothorax (see
pli, fig16, Chasmatonotus). The wings are attached to
each side of and just below the scutellum. Behind and beneath the
scutellum is a smooth and rather prominent oval-arched portion,
the metanotum or upper portion of the metathorax (or post scutel-
lum of Miall and Hammond 1900). Below and between the fore and
middle legs is a very prominent hemispherical part (especially in
Chironomus), the mesosternum. The sides of the body in
front of the wings are called the pleura, and the under surface of

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 85

the thorax as a whole is called the sternum or pectus. The inter-
mediate legs are attached to the hind part of the mesosternum by
oval sockets. The metathorax is much smaller than the meso-
thorax. Its dorsal surface, called the metanotum, has already
been mentioned. On the side is the posterior thoracic spiracle,
and above it is the haltere (balancer or poiser) the rudimentary
hind wing, a slender organ with a dilated head. The ventral sur-
face of the metathorax is short and narrow and is largely occupied
by the insertion of the hind legs.

The abdomen is composed of nine segments more or less
closely fused together. In the male especially it is long and
slender and terminates with the genitalia. The genitalia varies
greatly with the different genera (pls. 32, 33). The anus opens
on the dorsal surface of the ninth segment. The under surface of
abdomen is sometimes called the venter.

The three pairs of legs are long and slender, especially so in
Chironomus, are attached to the prothorax, mesothorax
and metathorax, and are called respectively the front, middle and
- hind pairs. The older writers who used the Latin terminology
spoke of the forelegs as pedes antici, the middle legs as pedes
medii, and the hind legs, pedes postici. When they spoke of the
fore and middle legs together they called them pedes anteriores.
Some. writers still use the term anterior legs for fore and middle
pairs, and posterior legs for the middle and hind pairs. The
coxa is the part attaching the leg proper to the thorax; while
the trochanter is the short, small, ring-like portion between the
femur and coxa. The femur or thigh is the stoutest portion of
the leg; the tibia is the next part succeeding the femur. The tarsus
is the distal division of the leg and is composed of five joints, of
which the first, that next the tibia, is called the metatarsus.
The ungues or claws are two hooklets on the underside of the
last tarsal joint. In most genera these are simple, but a few
have. uniserrate or bifid claws. The pulvilli, two pad-like fleshy
cushions attached to the last joint of the tarsus below the claws,
are often present. The empodium is a median appendage between
the claws, and is usually present also. The usual shape in this
family is that of a sickle-shaped process, pectinate on the convex
side.

86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

' The wings are usually rather slender and delicate, with the
anterior veins (those nearest the costal border) rather stout,
while the posterior veins are usually very delicate and indistinct.
The surface of the wing is delicately hairy in a number of species,
though the majority have bare wings. |
Below is given the Comstock-Needham terminology of wing
venation as used in this paper, together with the equivalent terms
of the Schinerian system as applied with but slight modifications
to the Nematocera generally :
Comstock—Needham Schinerian
Costa (C) = Costa
Subcosta (Sc) = Auxiliary
Radius (R,) = First longitudinal
fa ieee = Second
Ri, — Third .
Media (M) = Fourth
Cubitus (Cu) = Fifth as
Anal (A) —Sixth gi

The costa ends at or before the tip of the wing in all the
genera; the subcosta, though sometimes rather indistinct, is
usually present; the radius is stout- and well developed, and
usually with two or three branches, R, in some genera appear-
ing like a crossvein; the media usually present and always sim-
ple; the cubitus is nearly always two-branched; anal vein usually
present though delicate. Compare pl.17, figs.13-16, pls.27 to 31.
The halteres, the slender organs with knobbed ends which are
supposed to be the rudimentary second pair of wings, are rarely
wanting. :

For a description of the internal anatomy of both larva and
imago the reader is referred to Miall and Hammond’s work on
the harlequin fly (1900).

A large number of genera have been erected to contain the
species of the world. Of these some may be placed as the
synonyms of others, leaving still over 40 valid genera. In order
to facilitate identification a key to the North American genera
is offered besides the more general one for the genera of the

world. ie

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK S87

KEYS TO GENERA OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE
Larvae

a Abdomen with prominent rounded elevations or cushions, with rows of
teeth on the inferior (anterior) angles of the segments
: 135 Psamathiom yia
aa Abdominal segments without these cushions
b Aquatic footless snake-like larva, or terrestrial larva with thoracic
and anal feet, and many setae and bristles on body segments, pl.17,
MOTTO ego eee da eit cis cule eee a LGTOUD Ceratopoagon)
bb Not as above
e With retractile antennae, the latter often quite long, long stilt-like
legs, the caudal tufts of hair mounted on cylindrical processes,
(cod SLi Teta ae eee ae DORE ea en EA (Group Tany pus)
ee Not with all the above characters
d With the two caudal hair tufts mounted on cylindrical projec-
* tions
e With six seta-like processes on each of the caudal projections,
three long and three short. Eyes prominent, round, on ante-
rior angles of the head, pl.34, figs, 21, 22, 23 (Huropean)
26. Wulpiella
ee Eyes not on anterior angles of head
f With blood gills on venter of eleventh segment
31. Hydrobaenus
ff With blood gills only at end of twelfth segment
44, Metriocnemus
dd Caudal tufts on small rounded papillae
e Antennae elongate, at least one half and often as long or longer
than the head ; compare also pl.20, fig.10
f With two anal blood gills, pl.36, figs. 1, 2, 3
25. Corynoneura (lemna)
ff With four anal blood gills; antennae mounted on basal promi-
MEME ZO. MES IS Biot eS elias xs eve AZ Way tarsus
ee Antennae short
f Larvae usually blood red; eleventh body segment with two
pairs of blood gills, pl.15, fig.4..88. Chironomus (pt.)
ff Larvae greenish, yellowish, or whitish
g The maxiliary palpus usually noticeably longer than broad.
Larva in pools, pond water, or slow streams, pl.28, figs. 3
and 16.. we; SEN oo CHITOHOM Ws. (pt)
gg Palpus Ebon: as one as euke i. 24, figs. 5, 12, 20
h Full-grown larva not over 6 mm. long, green or bluish-
green in color. Anterior abdominal segments of greater
diameter than the posterior ones. Mandibles often
transversely wrinkled ; the anterior prolegs usually with
pectinate setae oo! Cr treo RO pais
ee Orthocladius

88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

hh Full-grown larva over 6mm. in length; mandible not
transversely wrinkled
4 Labium with its teeth rounded, pl.20, fig.9
35. Diamesa waltlii.'
ii Labium with its middle tooth broadly truncate
ai. Thalassomyia fuse
Novtre.—See addenda for several anomalous species.

Pupae

a Pupa floats nearly motionless in a vertical position at the surface of the
Nig 2 1 2) ieee 0 aw AY Nee Oi oed Ue Ge nim) coe hear Ke ciain sR Deca Tees (Group Ceratopogon)
aad Pupa not as above
b Active pupa Swimming with a jerking motion in the water like a culex
DUA: SOLS MOS ek ere ee aaa oe Eee ee a (Group Tany pus)
bb Not culexlilke
c With long setae or filaments at caudal end
d Caudal filaments very numerous and forming a caudal paddle,
pl.22, fig.14, and pl.26, fig.15.
e Thoracic respiratory organs a tuft of filaments, pl.16, fig.2
38. Chironomus
ee Respiratory organs consisting of a main shaft with lateral hairs
or setae. Abdomen with setae and bristles.
AQ. "T aD yt ae Ses
dd Caudal appendage with long setae
e With eight long setae on each side of caudal appendage, pl.36,
Hes 4 andy. Fos ot aiees tees 25. Corynoneura lemnae
ee With a tuft of long setae on each side; thoracic respiratory
organ a simple finger-like process, pl.34, figs. 5 and 8
31. Hydrobaenus
ce With three or four pairs of short setae, a plate-like sucker or with a
paddle =
d Plate-like sucker at caudal end, pl.34, figs. 14 and 15
BOL) Telmatogeton (St Paulii)
dd With two or three pairs of short setae or with paddle
e Without thoracic respiratory tubes. Abdominal segments with
a fringe of conspicuous spines or setae or projections, pl.48,
fig.13, and pl.50, fig.10 in Bul. 68 N. Y. State Museum, 1908
‘35. Diamesa
i Thalassomyia
44, Metriocnemus
ee With respiratory tubes. Abdominal segments usually without a
fringe of prominent setae, pl.24, fig.24, also pl.24, figs. 18, 14, 15
39) Cricotop ws
Al. Orthoeladiws

'The larvaof Thalassomyia congregata (an Duropean species)
has a labium like Diamesa waltlii.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 89

Imagines

Nore.—In counting the antennal joints the large basal joint is included,
but not the hidden first joint.

a Wings absent or rudimentary
b Wings reduced to mere vestiges, legs short and not slender, antenna
with seven joints, mouth parts rudimentary, pl.36, fig.13, female
cen 14. Clunio
bb Rudimentary wings reaching at least to the end of the first abdominal
segment
ce Halteres wanting, wings in the form of a flattened racket, tarsal
claws with a little subapical tooth. Palpi four-jointed; antenna
ASME PO FOUMECUN. a. Ak tareitecote ss dos sce na Woes Ga orks Sieve Ge en 10. Belgica
ce Halteres distinct
d Palpi four-jointed ; antenna of the female four-jointed, of the male
Six-yOrnbed, Dk 3d, gs. 16; Qa, 22% oa Pou. 11. Hretmoptera
dd Palpi two-jointed; antenna of the female six-jointed
e Second joint of antenna like those following, monilliform, p1.37,
(PaaS A aOR 0. a ceed oe eee One 12. Halirytus
ee Second joint longer than those following; male antenna also
with six joints, pl.35, figs. 4 to9...18. Psamathiomyia
aa Wings present
b The M-Cu crossvein present (i. e., cell M closed by a vein), pl.37, fig.24
e Antenna with twelve or more joints
d Antenna with fourteen joints usually plumose; fourth tarsal joint
usually shorter than the fifth; wing bare, pl.30, fig.13, male
35. Diamesa
dd Not as above ;
e Antennae with fifteen joints both in male and female; plumose
in the former; the vein M simple, pl.27, figs. 1 to 15
: (Group Tany pus)
f Wing bare
g Fork of the cubitus petiolate...........15. Procladius
gg Fork of cubitus proximad of crossvein
16. Anatopynia N. gen.
ff Wing pubescent
g Fork of cubitus proximad of crossvein
h Antennae of male and female each with fifteen joints, R,
and: Ry Cistilietiy.< i245). 17. Ablabesmyia Nn. gen.
hh Antennae of female with twelve joints, the male with fif-
teen joints, R, indistinct (Australian genus)
isi soplastws
gg Fork ot cubitus petiolate: ..... 006.6. s Lo) Wat n-yopauls
ee Antennae with twelve or fourteen joints; wings hairy; cubitus
not forked; anterior crossvein long and very oblique, pl.37,
MSCPRIDING Sn! ot Wk eal ates arc ahepe a ohio ti cae % 20. Pentaneura
ec Antennae with less than ten joints .
d Crossvein near basal third of wing, p1.37, fig.11. Antennae about
Sight jommbed. COHME) 0 Coie Sees ees 8 eke EO mvomom as

90) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM . ay

dd Crossveins near middle of wing
e Palpi six-jointed; antennae seven-jointed; wing venation as
shown on plot,, fe 2d e Chile) aia ae eres 22. Heptagyia
ee Palpi four-jointed
f Antennae of female seven or eight jointed;.:male antennae

fourteen-jointed ; wing bare............... 35. Diamesa -
ff Antennae of female with eight joints, the male with nine,
Shor t-Inagared)-s : cays Siete eco ietas Page etek 86. Hutanypus

According to the description the female of Hutanypus
does not seem to differ from the female of Diamesa.
bb The M-Cu crossvein absent
c Wing with four or five very indistinct longitudinal veins; wing club-
shaped, the anterior margin with a long curved seta, the antenna
with about twelve: jOintsio.. eS. kee eae ee 23. Corynocera
ce Wing margin without a long curved seta
d Probocis and palpi rudimentary ; abdomen shorter than the thorax
(female apterous) Pc era i Meee fe aes eA a A 14. Clunio
dd Palpi not rudimentary
e Antennae with not more than ten joints
f Antennae six-jointed
g The R-M crossvein, if present, at the basal quarter of the

wing
h The R-M crossvein near basal quarter of the wing, pl.37,
Aig 1S (Che) 2s occciene wo cgnie Ge’ ole.e ete Ae AI OETA Oba ened

hh The R-M crossvein coalescent with the longitudinal
veins; wing club-shaped; the anterior cells thickened,
DI.SOs MOT. Coke cee weer eae 25. Corynoneura
gg The R—-M crossvein near the middle of the wing
h Wings hairy; antennae with the four intermediate joints
verticillate with very long hairs; male unknown
(Europe), pl.34, fig:20.. 2 .4..05% : -,...26. Wulpiella
hh Wings with margin ciliated; antennae with sparse ver-
ticils of spreading hairs (Kerguelen Island), pl.37,
Gi Deg at ata ela oateaea arth taneie AL peters 20. La oO pshewers
ff Antennae with seven to ten joints
g Antennae with ten joints, not plumose; costal cell thickened,
Do. Te haan sate no anus reek 25. Corynoneura (male)
gg Antennae with seven or eight joints
h Thorax with a longitudinal fissure; wings black with
white markings, pl.31, fig.16, and pl.27, fig.16
28. Chasmatonotus
hh Thorax without this fissure
i Claws cleft, venation as figured; antennae seven- Jom
in male and female, pl.34, fig.16
29. Telmatogeton

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 91

ii Claws simple
j Very small species; black, including its legs, wings
and halteres ; male with fourteen nearly bare joints,
female with seven joints; legs with woolly hairs;
metatarsi somewhat elongated; claws distinct,
Diot. nes, Gallo... Oke: By drobaecnus
jj Not such flies
k Antenna of male with eight joints; female like
Orthocladius, (Australia), pl.36, fig.26
22>Doloplastus
kk Antenna of male not eight jointed; the female with
seven joints
1 Wings very short, in the female scarcely reach-
ing the middle of the abdomen; the abdomen
with a seta-like tubercle near the tip on each
side; fore -tibia longer than the metatarsus
(Spirzbercen ris fen. oc oe S MIttia
li Wings of moderate length
m Thorax prolonged and bent downward; hal-
teres hammer-like, pl.35, figs. 26, 27, 28 (Ar-
gentina). Synonym of Chironomus?
34. Burmeisteria
mm Thorax highly arched; halteres with knob
(Group Chironomus)
n The fourth tarsal joint obcordate, shorter
Pian hion EAL oe Thalassomyia
45. Scopelodromus
mi Tarsal joint linear
o Wings bare
p Front metatarsi as long or longer than
DHSS GUDIACs acces 38. Chironomus
pp Front metatarsi distinctly shorter than
their tibiae
q Legs black and white annulate, at least
the fore pair...89. Cricotopus
qq Legs not so banded
r Posterior branch of cubitus sinuous,
pl.30, figs. 1 to 4
40. Camptocladius
rr This branch straight, gently arched,
pl.30; figs. 5 to 10
4A. Ort hoeLadiws
oo Wings hairy
» Front metatarsi longer than their tibiae
42. Tanytarsus

92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

pp Front metatarsi shorter than their tibiae
q Thorax produced conically in front
over the head; hind tibiae dilated
and hairy, pl.34, fig.24
43. HEuryenemus
qq Thorax moderately produced; hind
tibiae not dilated
44. Metriocnemus
ee Antennae with thirteen to fifteen joints
f Antennae fifteen-jointed ; Huropean and tropic genera
g Wing hyaline; legs very long; antennal joints of varying
lengths) piss, hes Doe ae. erate 30. Macropeza
gg Wings spotted (West Indies and Mexico)....5. Oecacta
ff Antennae with fourteen or fewer joints
g Thorax rounded and not produced over the head; antennae
with thirteen or fourteen joints; legs of moderate length
h Antennae with thirteen joints; wing venation as shown
on pl.35, figs. 10 and 14
4 Palpi with three joints. (This is probably a synonym
Ol EME TEX). sti. el eruciseue ciety. craigs 2. Tersesthes
wm Palpi with tour JOS 0 eos 1. Leptoconops
hh Antennae with fourteen joints, plumose in the male,
sparsely haired in the female; wing venation as on
Di ehes- ls: todos ewer (Group Ceratopogon)
4 Wings hairy; last joint of tarsus with an empodium
j Empodium well developed; almost as long as the
claws, thiese without setae, pl.18, fig.7
38. Ceratopogon
k Hind metatarsi shorter than the second tarsal
joint, or both of equal length
(Sub. gen. Forcipomyia)?
kk Hind metatarsus longer than the second joint
(Sub. gen. Ceratopogon)
jj Empodium not so distinct, less than half as long as
the claws; these furnished with setae on the under
y SISAL SiS eee eg tee ees 4, Culie odes
ii Wings bare; pulvilli and empodium wanting ~
j Wing with R, distinctly separated from R,,3; and not
’ connected with it by the crossvein-like R., pl.17,
TI a, Ae Baer phe ereeek ohate aaa eae ee 6. Bezzia
jj Wing with R, present; cells sometimes indistinct,
Dll; es, 13. Ash
k Media wanting, pl.17, fig.13
7% Brachypogon

According to Kieffer (1902) this subgenus can not stand, because in some
species one sex would be classed here and the other sex with the next
subgenus, :

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 93

iE Nedia- PT OSCE soit. see 66 shoneieeres (Xytocrypta‘*)
1 Femora unarmed.........8. Ceratolophus
ll Some of all the femora spinose beneath
; Cas ld OMEN leak
nv Neither fore nor hind femora thickened?
n Having hairy soles (plantae)
1. Subgenus Alasion
nn Having spinose soles (plantae), pl.17, fig.16
2. Subgenus Sphaeromyas
mm Wither fore or hind femora thickened
mn Hind femora thickened, spinose beneath
3. Subgenus Serromyia
nn Fore femora thickened, p1.37, fig.9
4. Subgenus Heteromyia
gg Thorax produced over the head; legs usually quite long;
antenna of the male usually with fourteen joints; that of
the female with seven joints. (Go back to wv following 7,
29 Telmatogeton, page 90, and read through to
qq, Metriocnemus)

KEY TO GENERA OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CHIRONOMIDAE

a Wings rudimentary (Pacific coast), pl.35, figs. 15 to 24
11. Hretmoptera
aa Wings present
b The M—Cu crossvein present, p1.37, fig.24
G Antennae with fifteen joints; both in the male and the peuaaie the
apical joint oval, pl.27. (Go back to the Group Tanypus,
f, p. 89, of the preceding key.)
cee Antennae with fourteen or fewer joints, when the apical joint is
oval then antenna with fewer than ten joints
d@ Antenna of the male with fourteen joints, the apical joint very
long and cylindrical; antenna of the female with seven or eight
joints; fourth tarsal joint obcordate; wings bare, p1.30, fig.13 -
35. Diamesa
dd Antenna of male with nine joints, short haired; antenna of female
with eight joints. The female does not appear to differ from
MIE a TCE et Seater es Seis s aiele s2- ate es ere re OO, OR ta DY pars
bb The M—Cu crossvein Abeetit
c Wing club-shaped, the costal cell thickened, pl.36, fig.7; antenna of
male with ten, the female with six joints. .25. Corynoneura
ce Not as above
d Thorax with a longitudinal fissure ; wings black with white mark-
ings; antennae seven-jointed in male and female, pl.27, fig.16,
SMILE Sates Vi MNCS Lot evsrcke che bapes coaste.s aeste. « 28. Chasmatonouus

'This division is called Genus P. a pomyia oe Kieffer (1902).
This division is called Subgenus Palpomyia by Kieffer.

94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

dd Thorax without a longitudinal fissure
e Claws cleft; antennae seven-jointed in male and female; hal-
teres long (Alaska and Oregon)...... 29. Telmatogeton
ee Claws not cleft
f Antennae with thirteen to fifteen apiaiS
g Antennae with fifteen joints; wings spotted (West Indies
and. Mexicojs. ocu. + Wi eeeees ham ae ee ee 5. Oecacta
gg Antennae with fourteen or fewer joints
h Thorax rounded, not produced over the head; antennae
with thirteen or fourteen joints; legs of moderate
length
4 Antennae with thirteen joints; wing as figured, pl.35,
fig.10. Palpi with three joints. (=-Leptocomnops
Skuse?) ...... serene .2. Tersesthes
ii Antennae with foe fen wants: wing engin as figured,
pl.17, figs. 18 to 16. (Go back to the Group Cerat-
opogon hh on-p.92 of the previous key.)
ff €hh Thorax produced over the head, legs usually long;
antennae of male with the fourteenth joint long, slen-
der, and plumose (female with seven joints). (Go
back to group Chironomus mm, p.91 of previous
key.)

The subdivision of the Group Ceratopogon into smaller
genera and subgenera as given in the first key is adapted from
one given by the Abbe J. J. Kieffer (1902), with some slight
“modifications. The three South American genera Psycho-
phaena, Tetraphora, and Didymorphleps, have
been omitted from the key. They are probably synonymous with
previously described genera, though from the brief descriptions
it is impossible to say. They all belong to the Group Ceratop-
ogon, and their descriptions are all reproduced upon a subse-
quent page.

Genus 1. Leptoconops Skuse
Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 288. 1889. (P1385, fig.14)

Antennae in female 2+11 jointed; first joint of scapus large,
disciform; second smaller, globose; flagellar joints globose,
gradually diminishing in size, more ovate towards apex, terminal
joint elongate-ovate. Proboscis prominent. Palpi four-jointed ;
first and second joints small, third greatly incrassated, about
three times the length of the first or second; fourth not as long
as last, slender cylindrical; wings naked. All longitudinal veins
taking their origin at the base of the wing. Venation as figured.
Australian species.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 95

Genus 2. Tersesthes Townsend
Psyche; 1893. 370. -(P1.35, figs. 10, 12, 13)

Antennae 15-jointed, set in large, circular excavations in the
middle of the head; first joint largest, round; second more elon-
gate, smaller, but larger than the following joints; last joint
elongate conical; intermediate ten joints equal, submoniliform,
with hairs somewhat shorter than width of joints. Palpi three-
jointed, longer than proboscis, first joint shortest, second joint
swollen, third narrow with a terminal whorl of hairs; proboscis
consisting of a lower lip (labium), with the lancets free but
usually more or less approximated to its anterior aspect, both of
equal length, extending straight downward, about as long as the
head; lancets serrate on the outer edge at tip. No ocelli. Eyes
reniform, rather deeply excavated on the inside margin, dichoptic,
front averaging one third the width of the head. Thorax
moderately stout, but not humped, a little wider than the head,
longer than wide, without transverse suture, scutellum promi-
nent. Abdomen seven-jointed, somewhat elongate, not wider than
the thorax, first three segments subequal, fourth smaller, three
terminal segments narrowed, ovipositor exserted, consisting of
two clavate pieces joined laterally on the basal half, and termin-
ally divergent. Wings moderately broad, not elongate; hind
margin with a delicate fringe of hairs, the surface sparsely
clothed with very short, microscopic hairs (revealed only with a
high objective) ; six longitudinal veins, first and second approxi-
mated, strongest, ending at about one third the length of the
wing; third gently curved distally and ending near the wing
apex; fourth apparently forked, fifth distinctly forked, sixth be-
coming obsolete before fork of the fifth; an apparent rudiment
of a seventh vein; no crossveins, except one at extreme base of
wing, which connects the first and sixth veins, marginal vein
not extending beyond the tip of the wing. Legs slender, not
dilated, coxae not elongate; hind tibiae spurred, middle and
even front tibiae with microscopic spurs; metatarsi elongate, sec-
ond joint of hind tarsi also elongate, of middle tarsi somewhat
elongate, of front tarsi scarcely so, penultimate tarsal joint of
all the feet shortened, the last and ante-penultimate joints about
equal; no pulvilli.

96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

“Professor Mik in the Wiener Ent. Zeitung, 1894, p.164, says:

Sen ogee Dieses Geader lasst sich ohne Miihe auf -jenes der Gattung
Coryromeura Wimnertz en zuruckfiihren (Vergl. V. d.

Wulp Dipt.—Neederl. 1877. PI.VIIT. fig.6), ohne dass ich
hiermit etwa den Bestand der Gattung Tersesthes anzweifeln
MOCHTET 75 a. - ” Upon comparison of this description with
that of Leptoconops Skuse, and of pl.35, fig.10, with fig.14,
it will be seen that these genera are certainly very closely related
if not identical. The only marked difference is that Lepto-
conops has two small basal palpal joints while Tersesthes
is said to have but one (i.e. Leptoconops has four-jointed
and Tersesthes three-jointed palpi). Only one species.

Tersesthes torrens Townsend
1898. Tersesthes Town. Psyche. 371

Female. General color blackish; eyes dark brown; antennal
excavations cinnamon color, nearly three times the diameter of
first antennal joint; front, face and lancets shining black, the
front -with four blackish hairs on vertical margin arising from
four papillae; antennae black, clothed with whitish pubescence ;
palpi blackish, labium brownish with some whitish pubescence
terminally; occipital orbits with a few black hairs. Thorax and
scutellum deep shining ‘black, smooth, glabrous, except that the
thorax has some scattered black hairs anteriorly. Abdomen soft
opaque brown, varying to light brown, in some of the specimens
flavous or rufous at base; balsam mounts showing two oval black
spots (bodies?) at base of fifth segment; ovipositor brownish.
Legs blackish, tarsi brownish, tibiae slightly so. Wings grayish
hyaline, with hardly a smoky flavous tinge, the delicate fringe
of hind margin somewhat longest on anal angle where it termi-
nates abruptly; veins pale, except first and second longitudinal
veins, which are brown and end in a brown stigma on costal
margin (the first vein becomes obsolete just before reaching
stigma) ; halteres brownish, knobs whitish.

Length of body (inc. ovipositor), one and three-fifths milli-
meters (empty) to two and one-fifth millimeters (abdomen
distended with blood); of wing one and one-fifth millimeters.
Fresh and alcoholic specimens are slightly longer. Described
from both dried and alcoholic specimens and balsam mounts.
Six specimens collected June 21, on Continental divide, Socorro
county N. Mex., 7000 ft.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK ig

GROUP CERATOPOGON Meigen
Illiger’s Mag. 11:261. 1803

This group may primarily be divided into two series; those
species having hairy wings belonging to one and those with bare
wings to the other. The larvae of the former group usually -
live under bark, while those of the latter are aquatic. The
larvae of the first group may be characterized as follows: The
head is short, the antennae minute, the mouth parts are
small, and the mandibles apparently move in a more or less
vertical plane. The mandibles in some species have several
apical teeth (pl.17, fig.6). The body consists of 12 well-marked
segments of which the first three, usually a little larger than
the following, belong to the thorax. The head, thorax, and
abdomen are provided with various: spines, setae, and tubercles,
differing with the species. On the ventral surface of the first
thoracic segment is the anterior proleg, a short, more or less
cylindrical process, divided into two branches, at the tip of each
of which is a crown of a few claws (pl.17, fig.7). The last ab-
dominal segment has a pair of prolegs, each with a few bilobed
claws (pl.17, fig.8). Blood gills appear to be present and consist
of delicate white filaments. The pupae of the members of this
group remain partly sticking in the larval skin, the thorax and
the first three or four abdominal segments projecting out (pl.17,
fig.9). The thorax is large, prominent, the respiratory trumpets
(fig.9, 7) when present are small and inconspicuous; the abdom-
inal segments variously armed with spines and setae.

The eggs and the method of egg laying of several members of
the second group will subsequently be described. The larvae
of the second (aquatic) group swim well with a writhing
snake-like motion. They are usually whitish in color, slender,
12-jointed (not counting the head), the thoracic segments
shortest; the middle abdominal segments of the greatest diam-
eter, and the last segments usually longest (pl.17, fig.1). The
head is very small, somewhat elongate, oval, with a pair of eyes,
each eye consisting of one or two pigment spots. There are
usually a few setae upon the head. The antennae (p!.18, figs.la
and 3a) are very small and inconspicuous, and in all species
which I have seen, two-jointed. Of the mouth parts the

98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

mandibles are the most conspicuous, slender at the tip and
simple, but enlarged basally (pl.18, fig.4). The labrum is rounded
and provided with one or two pairs of papillae, which may be
larger than the antennae and of similar construction (p1.18,
fig.1b). The maxillae (fig.2m#) are fleshy, lobed, and each pro-
vided with a large two-jointed palpus (p). The labium ig quite
small and inconspicuous, and differs from the corresponding part
in Chironomus in having a soft andi rounded edge, but
upon its inner surface forming the floor of the mouth cavity it
is heavily chitinized and formed into one or more cephalad pro-
jecting teeth (p1.18, fig.2/). The thorax and abdomen are wholly
without prolegs; usually with but few or no setae excepting at
the caudal end where there are about eight long setae and a few
short ones. Projecting from the rectum, when not retracted,
may be seen the delicate white blood gills.

The pupa is brownish, somewhat tapering, with an ovate
thorax. It floats nearly motionless at the surface of the water,
or is attached to plants a little above the surface but still
within the water film. The respiratory trumpets are slender,
and more or less cylindrical with the aperture slightly enlarged
(pl.18, figs.9 and 10t). The abdominal segments are provided with
spines, setae and tubercles. The anal fin ends in two pointed
lobes (pl.18, fig.11). Professor Mik, on page 183 in Vol. 7 of the
Wiener Ent. Zeit., described a species of Ceratopogon
with hairy wings, but having a footless larva. This form occu-
pies a place between the above two groups; and its habitat, the
very moist or wet, ulcerous parts of the stems of Aesculus
hippocastanum, also suggests an intermediate form.
This species differs from all known members of both groups in
possessing instead of either setae or prolegs a retractile disk,
on the periphery of which are arranged five pairs of curved
spines. It agrees with the second group in having no prolegs,
and with the first in having a mandible with a three-toothed —
margin.

The pupa has cylindrical, elongate respiratory trumpets; the
abdomen is provided with spiny tubercles, and the caudal end
has a crown of tubercles. The adult would be classified with Kief-
fer’s genus Culicoides.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 99

Another aberrant form, C. murinus Winn. is noted by
G. Gercke on p.164, Wiener Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5. The larva was
not observed, but the pupa, although of an aquatic form, gave
rise to a hairy winged adult. The respiratory trumpets of this
species are quite peculiar. They are elongate, cylindrical, and
then suddenly contracted on the apical third. An Ithaca, N. Y.,
specimen, bred from the slender snake-like aquatic larva, also
gave rise to a hairy winged adult. The larval skin was unfor-
tunately lost. The pupa has a cylindrical breathing trumpet
resembling the one described by Gercke.

The imago. The imagines of the group Ceratopogon are
very small flies, commonly called “ punkies,” which differ from
the other genera of this family in having more robust legs, in
their wing venation, and in their not having the thorax projecting
over the head. To this group belong the genera Ceratopogon
seus. sir, Culicoides, Bezzia, Brachypogon,
Ceratolophus, Palpomyia (with its subgenera Ala-
fon. os phacromias, Serromyia and Heterom-
yia), and probably Oecacta, Psychophaena, Tetra-
phora and Didymorphleps.

Head flattened in front; epistome slightly projecting; palpi
four-jointed, the second joint longer or thicker than the others,
the fourth almost as long as the second; proboscis somewhat pro-
jecting; formed for biting; antennae elongated, filiform, 14-
jointed, the first joint annular, the following eight spherical or
somewhat annular; in the male long plumose, in the female with
few hairs, the last five joints in both sexes elongated, especially in
the male, and furnished with short hairs; eyes reniform, the
ocelli wanting. Dorsum of the thorax very convex, scutellum nar-
row, metanotum short. Abdomen eight-segmented, rather long,
sometimes narrowed basally. Genitalia somewhat prominent.
Legs moderately long and quite robust; especially the femora,
which are often furnished with spines or setae; tibiae sometimes
flattened ; tarsi various, the claws with or without teeth or setae.
Wings bare or hairy, folded over the back when at rest; the media
simple, the cubitus always two-branched; wing venation of the
types shown on plate 17, figs. 18 to 16; halteres distinct and
uncovered. :

Genus 3. Ceratopogon sens. str. (Kieffer)

Bul. Soc. Ent. Fr. 69. 1899. Ceratopogon Meigen pt. (1808).
(P1.18, fig.7)
Wings long-haired, especially those of the female. Last joint of
the tarsus with very apparent and hairy (not setose) empodium.

100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Other characters as in the group Ceratopogon. Type
species C. bipunctatus Linn. There are numerous Ameri-
can species belonging to this genus.

Ceratopogon sp.
(P1.17, figs. 4 to 8)

The larvae of this species were found under oak bark. They
are five or six mm. long, bristly, cylindrical, tapering slightly
from the thorax to the caudal end; color whitish. Head dark
brown, eye spots and mouth parts blackish; each of the thoracic
feet armed with a circlet of about eight simple, blackish claws
(fig.7), anal feet each with nine or ten bilobed blackish claws
(fig.8). The mandible is as shown in fig.6. The chaetotaxy of
the head and body is shown in figs. 4 and 5. Each segment of
the abdomen has upon each side a long, honey yellow curved
bristle with slightly enlarged end, two slightly curved black, bar-
bellate bristles, two slightly curved long black setae, and upon the
dorsum a pair of honey yellow spear-shaped setae. The thoracic
segments are similarly armed, except that the first has two slender
yellow setae instead of the spear-shaped pair.

The pupa is 2.5 to 8 mm. in length, yellowish, head darker (fig.
9). The thorax with a triangular shield-like dorsum, with a pair
of yellow barbellate blunt filaments anteriorly, laterally and pos-
teriorly; and a short pair in front of the reddish imaginal eyes.
The respiratory trumpets (fig.9¢) are small, rather inconspicuous.
with the apical end enlarged. The mesothorax has two barbellate
filaments; the first four abdominal segments each with eight yel-
low, pointed, delicately barbellate filaments and two shorter blunt
ones. The remaining segments, which are concealed in the cast
larval skin, are unarmed; the apical end is provided with a pair
of slender, pointed lobes.

Only one specimen of the imago was reared and is not suffi-
ciently well preserved to describe. For further descriptions of
larvae and pupae of members of this genus the reader is referred
to Mr W. H. Long’s paper (1902).

Subgenus Forcipomyia Megerle in litt
- Meigen Syst. Beschr. 1:59. 1818
Labidomyia Stephens Catl. Brit. Ins. 1829
The manuscript: name Forcipomyia bipunctata
Linn. was given to the species now known as trichopterus
Meig., by Megerle and later Stephens grouped the species bi-
punctata, trichopterus, pictipennis Meig.,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 101

nemorosus Meig., nemoralis Meig., and others under
the name of Labidomyia without giving a description of the
genus. The type species trichopterus has the characters
of Ceratopogon sens. str., but has its metatarsus shorter,
or no longer than the following joint, and the venation of the
type shown on the pl.17, fig.14. The Abbe J. J. Kieffer, however,
says this subgenus cannot stand because that in certain species
the male would be classed as Forcipomyia and the femaleas
Ceratopogon.

Genus 4. Culicoides Latreille
Gen. Ins. et Crust, 4:251. 1809. (P1.18, fig.8)

Antennae filiform, 14-jointed, hairy; the second and the six fol-
lowing, cylindrical ovate; the four or five following these rather
more elongate, subcylindrical, the last one largest, ovate cylindri-
cal. The proboscis markedly longer than the head, conical. The
wings deflected, the venation resembles that figured on pl. 17, fig.
i thetypeis C. pulicaris L.(Ceratopogon punc
tata Meigen). Kieffer (1902) characterizes the genus as fol-
lows: The surface of the wing with long hairs, at least that of
the female; the tarsi with minute pulvilli not half as long as the
tarsal claws, the latter with long setae at the bases. A number of
North American species belong to this genus.

Genus 5. Oecacta Poey
Memorias Hist. Nat. Cuba. 1:236. 1851

Judging from the description and figures given by Poey this
genus is very closely-related to either Ceratopogon or
Culicoides. ‘The only important distinction given in the
description is the statement that there are fifteen antennal joints
instead of fourteen. From the figure given it appears that the
author had counted the basal articulation beneath the large basal
joint as one, which would only make fourteen joints as reckoned
for Ceratopogon. The wing venation, assuming Poey’s
drawing to be strictly correct, does not differ so markedly from a
typical Ceratopogon as to exclude it from that genus. The
venation resembles that shown on plate 17, figure 14, excepting
that R, does not quite reach the margin, and R, seems to be want-
ing.. R, terminates in the stigma. Since Professor Townsend
(1897), who has seen this fly, did not question the validity of the

102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

genus, I shall for the present regard it as distinct. The following
is an abstract of Poey’s description :

Antennal joints, fifteen; palpal joints, five; ocelli, tibial spurs,
and pulvilli wanting; wings hairy; cells few in number; sexes
similar. The antennae of the male appear to be a little more
hairy than those of the female.

Oecacta furens Poey
Memorias, ete. 1:236. Tab. XXVII. 1851
Length 2 mm. from the head to the end of the wing; thorax
bronze colored, spotted with fuscous; abdomen fuscous; legs
whitish, the articulations and a ring upon each femur and tibia,
fuscous; front and antennae rufous; wings whitish, spotted with
fuscous; halteres yellow. The wings are broad, covered with
minute scales and with a conspicuous fringe on the margin. 3

Townsend (1897) says: “Dry pinned specimens show the
wings to be strongly iridescent in certain lights, the dark and
white spots alike, as well as the veins and whole wing surface,
especially noticeable being various rich shades of blue and violet.
Poey remarks at some length on this peculiarity. When the wing ~
is held up to the light and looked through the dark spots appear
faint, excepting only the elongate rectangular black stigma; this
can be seen with the naked eye.” |

Cuba (Poey); Mexico and Jamaica (Townsend).

Genus 6. Bezzia Kieffer
Bul. Soc. Ent. Fr. 69. 1899
Belongs to the group Ceratopogon. Wings bare, tarsi
without empodium, radius 3-branched (i. e. without the cross-
vein-like R,). (PI.17, fig.15). Type C. ornata Meigen. Sev-
eral American species belong to this genus.

Bezzia setulosa Loew
1861 Ceratopogon Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 312
(P1.18, figs. 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)

The larvae were found in the Renwick swamps, Ithaca, N. oe
July 10th. They are white without brown markings and ahea!
7 mm. long. The head is brown, each eye consists of two nearly
contiguous spots. On the dorsal surface of the head are several
pair of small setae. The labrum is rounded, with two pairs of
small apical papillae, one pair apparently jointed, and one or two

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 103

pairs with setae. Mandibles curved, slender at the apex, stout
basally (fig.4). The hypopharynx lies rather far back from the
mouth opening, about on a line with the eye spots. It is curved,
like the jawbone of a mammal, the dorsal surface of the middle
section being fringed. In fig.5 this fringe is flattened down. The

_Jabium is rounded, and has a single cephalad projecting tooth on

its inner surface. Upon the outer surface are two setae on each
side (fig.6). The body is wholly devoid of setae excepting at
the caudal end. At the caudal end there are eight long setae
arranged in four groups of two each (pl.17, fig.3). Besides these
there are four very small and delicate ones. The blood gills
(retracted in most specimens) are white, short, slender, and
lanceolate in outline.

The pupa is dark brown in color, with the abdomen slightly
paler. Length 3.5 to 4mm. The respiratory trumpet is slightly
enlarged at the apical end (p1.18, fig.9), about five times as long
as wide. Upon the dorsal surface is a group of about ten small
setae. Upon the dorsal surface of the first abdominal segment
there is a group of five or six very small setae on each side. The
following segments, excepting the last two, have from 6 to 10
setae on the dorsal surface, arranged as shown in fig.10. Upon

the ventral surface each segment has from 8 to 10 very small setae,

each placed on the apex of a prominent tubercle (fig.11). The anal
fin consists of two pointed lobes with blackened tips.

To Loew’s description of the imago (loc. cit.) may be added that
the fore and middle tibiae sometimes have one or two stout black
setae besides the fine hair-like setae; and in the female each claw
has a very small tooth on the inner side. The male genitalia as

shown on pl. 82, fig. 1.
Bezzia sp.

(P1.17, figs. 10 to 12)

The larvae were taken from the stomach of a brook trout at
Saranac Inn, N. Y. They do not appear to differ much from the
larvae of B. setulosa, excepting that the labium possesses
three teeth on the inner surface instead of one (fig.10). The pupa
(fig.11) may possibly belong to this species, for it is the only
species which was found in that vicinity at that time, but of it
many specimens were found. The respiratory trumpet is as shown
in fig.12. Each abdominal segment has upon its ventral surface
Several elongate brown spots. The setae are short, and the basal
tubercles smaller and fewer than’in B. setulosa. The lobes
of the anal fin are elongate and pointed (fig.11).

104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Adults bred from the pupae described above were preserved in
alcohol, and hence the color characters are somewhat doubtful.

Female. Brownish, abdomen pale, legs brown and white, claws
simple, no pulvilli nor empodium; fourth tarsal joint one-half as
long as the fifth, posterior tarsi ciliate with hair-like setae, last
joint with only a few hairs; wings bare, without the crossvein-like
R,; length 3.5 mm. Head and mouth parts brownish; antennae
brown with white incisures; basal joint brown. Thorax brown
(perhaps cinereous in dried specimens) with indications of dorsal
stripes. Abdomen brown dorsally and white ventrally. Coxae
brown, fore and middle legs white, with brown knees and articu-
lations, hind legs brown, basal % of the femora, basal $ of the
tibiae, and of metatarsi whitish. In some specimens the fore and
middle femora and tibiae have a brown ring near or beyond the
middle, and the posterior femora are wholly brown. Sometimes
the posterior tibiae also have a whitish ring near the tip and the
hind tarsi whitish. Halteres white with the tip of the knob some-
times darkened.

Genus 7. Brachypogon Kieffer
Bul. Soc. Ent. Fr. 69. 1899
Belongs to the group Ceratopogon distinguished by
having the wings bare, in having media coalesced with R,,;, the
branches of the radius coalescent, pulvilli absent. (PI1.17, fig.13).
\Type Ceratopogon yvitiosus Winn. No North American
species have thus far been described.

XYLOCRYPTA Kieffer
Genus Xylocrypta Kieffer. Bul. Soe. Hnt. Fr. 69. 1899

From the other genera of the group Ceratopogon it is
distinguished in having the wings bare, the media simple,
and the tarsal claws with teeth. Type species Ceratopo-
gon fasciata Meigen.

Xylocrypta Kiefferis madea synonym of Palpomyia
Kieffer by its author (1902). The name may be retained for a
group, including species, having a wing of the type shown on
pl.i17, fig.16, and having femora either with spines (genus
Palpomyia) or without (genus Ceratolophus).

Genus 8. Ceratolophus Kieffer

Belongs to the group Ceratopogon. Wings bare; media —
simple, R, and R, connected by the crossvein-like R, (resembling
Palpomyia pl.17, fig.16); femora unarmed.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 105

This name was first given by its author (Kieffer 18996) to
a genus characterized thus: The wings are bare, the media
simple, the tarsal claws without teeth. Type of the genus is
Ceratopogon femoratus Fabr. This species has now
been made the type of the subgenus Serromyia (q. v.). In
a later paper Kieffer (1902) made Ceratolophus a sub-
genus of Palpomyia. But since, according to Skuse (1889),
Palpomyia has the femora armed, Ceratolophus
better be retained as a distinct genus. Several American species.

Ceratolophus sp.

The egg-laying of this species was observed by Professor
Needham, Dr. A. D. MacGillivray and the writer in July. The
little flies hover in considerable numbers near the rocks over
which the spray of Fall creek dashes. Selecting a suitable spot
upon the rock, above the surface of the water, but splashed by
the spray, the female begins egg-laying. The eggs are laid
rapidly, about two per second, until several hundred eggs have
been set up on end, side by side in a little clump of about 5 mm.
in diameter. Upon a single suitable rock many clumps may be
found. The eggs when first deposited are white, but they soon
become black. Another species not determined lays a similar
clump of eggs on the surface of the pond lily leaves. The larvae
which emerge I was unable to distinguish from newly hatched
larvae of other species.

Imago. Black, legs paler, length 2mm. Head subshining black ;
mouth parts and antennae fuscous, the basal joint of the
latter black. Thorax wholly shining black, when viewed obliquely
a little pruinose. Abdomen dull black, the first and last joints
brownish. Femora yellow, the hind pair brown on the apical
- half; the fore tibiae yellow, the middle pair pale brown, the hind
ones dark brown. All tarsi brown. All legs with few hairs and
no prominent setae. Wings hyaline, bare. Halteres black. The
crossvein-like R, is situated near base of the radial cell. Ithaca,
Macy.

Genus 9. Palpomyia Megerle in litt.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. 1:65. 1818. Stephens, Catalogue Brit. Dipt.
238. 1829

On page 238 of his Catalogue of British Insects (1829) Stephens
affixes this name to all species of Meigen’s group B of Cera-

106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ©

topogon. The name was first published by Meigen as a manu-
Script name of Megerle’s, for a species belonging to the above-
mentioned group, a group characterized as having the flexor sur-
face of the fore femora spinose.

Accordingly, and as Skuse (1889) has already stated, Pal-
pomyia may be defined thus: Belongs to the group Cerato-
pogon; wings ‘bare, with five radial cells, R, present; media
simple; some or all the femora spinose beneath; pulvilli and em-
podium, wanting.

Kieffer (1902) in his definition for the genus includes also those
species whose femora are without setae; but it seems to me that
Skuse’s interpretation of the genus has the claim of priority,
thus leaving Ceratolophus as a distinct genus and using
the name Palpomyia for those species having setose femora.

Subgenus 1. Alasion rondani

Dipt. Prodromus. 2:14. 1857. (“=«Apogon, Prodromus.
1:175. 1856. Preoc.)

In the analytical table A pogon is briefly described as fol-
lows: Femora, at least the anterior pair, spinose beneath;
antennae of the male verticillate with short hairs as in the
female. Spec.typ.; Ceratopogon hortulanus Meigen.
On page 14, Prodr. II. 57, Rondani changes the name Apogon
to Alasion on account of preoccupation.

C. hortulanus is made a synonym of C. flavipes by
later authors. These authors say nothing of the short-haired
antennae of the male, and it appears that there is perhaps some
error here on Rondani’s part. The type species C. flavipes
is placed among the Serromyia by Bezzi. This seems un-
warranted since the hind femora are not thickened. In the table
given by Kieffer (1902) it would fall in the division with Pal-
pomyia.

The name might stand as a subgeneric name as one of the
divisions of Palpomyia. It may then be defined as follows:
Wings bare, R. present, crossvein-like; media simple; some or all
the femora spinose beneath, not thickened; the soles (plantae) of
the feet hairy, not spinose; in this last character distinguished
from Sphaeromyas. Several American species.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 107

Subgenus 2. Sphaeromyas Stephens

Catalogue Brit. Dipt. 236. 1829; Curtis Brit. Ins. 6:285.
(P1.17, fig.16; pl.18, figs. 18, 14)

In the figure given by Curtis the tarsal claws resemble Win-
nertz’s (1852) pl.I, fig.15a, and the wing pl. VIII, fig.63.

Wing bare, five radial cells, R, present, crossvein-like; media
simpie; some or all the femora spinose beneath; terminal joint
of the tarsi armed with a double row of spiny bristles, each claw
(at least in the female) with a tooth on the inner side. Belongs
to group Ceratopogon. ‘Type of the genus C. fascia-
tus Meigen (~albomarginatus Steph). Several Ameri-
can species.

Sphaeromyas argentatus Loew
1861 Ceratopogon Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 310

The egg-laying of this species was first observed by Professor
Needham, by whom my attention was called to it. During the
latter days of June and the first of July about sundown the
female fly’ hovers about three or four inches above the water’s
surface close to the shore in a place sheltered by the shrubs and
weeds. With the head pointing toward the shore and the body
Swaying rhythmically laterally to and fro, the egg-laying begins.
The eggs are enclosed in a gelatinous ribbon, placed at right
angles to the long axis. A short section of this ribbon with the
eges side by side is shown on pl.31, fig.9. The ribbon when de-
posited is about 1.5 inches in length, flat, and appears wrinkled
like a paraffin ribbon. The lateral swaying of the body at the be-
ginning of the egg-laying is of about one inch amplitude, but as the
ribbon of eggs increases, the amplitude decreases until just before
deposition it is less than $ inch. When the egg string is about 4
inch long the fly seizes it with her hind and middle legs, the hind
legs guiding, the middle legs paying out the string as its length
increases. ‘The fore legs are folded up under the body. This
egg-laying process occupies from three to five minutes; when
completed the fly suddenly darts down to the water’s surface,
deposits her eggs and flies away. |

The eggs when first laid are whitish, but later, as develop-
ment progresses, they become brown. Each egg is about 0.4 mm.
in length by .07 in width; somewhat pointed at one end and

108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

flattened at the other, the latter with a minute rectangular
bolster with knobbed corners.

The larvae emerge in the course of four or five days; a slender,
white, snake-like creature, differing in no wise from the full
grown Ceratopogon larva excepting that it has a rela-
tively larger head; the posterior end has the usual setae. None
were reared to maturity, hence no dissections could be made of
the head, nor were any pupae obtained. The imago has been
fully described by Loew (1861).

Subgenus 3. Serromyia Megerle in litt.

Meigen Syst. Beschr. 1:66. 1818; Prionomyia Stephens. Cat’] Brit.
Ins. 287. 1829; Ceratopogon pt. C. Meigen, Stephens, loc. cit.
The name Serromyia was first published by Meigen as a

manuscript name of Megerle’s for Ceratopogon femora-

tus Fabr. Later, in 1829, Stephens places into the Prionom-
yia all of Meigen’s Ceratopogon group C, the members
of which have the hind femora thickened, and spinose beneath.

According to both Skuse (1889) and Kieffer (1902), the genus

may be defined as follows: Wings bare, the crossvein-like R,

present; hind femora thickened, and spinose beneath. Belongs

to the group Ceratopogon. Several North American species.

Subgenus 4. Heteromyia Say
Amer. Ent. 2:79. 1825; and Compl. Wr. 1. (=Pachyleptus Walker.
Ins. Saunders Dipt. 426. 1856.)

Heteromyia may be considered as a subgenus of Pa ie
pomyia and defined thus: Wings bare, the vein R, present,
crossvein-like (resembling pl.17, fig.16); media simple; femora
spinose beneath, fore femora thickened (p1.37, figs. 8 and 9). Say’s
description is as follows:

_ Artificial character. Antennae porrect, filiform, 14-jointed, five
terminal joints elongated; palpi exserted, four-jointed; basal joint
shortest, a little contracted in the middle; ocelli none; eyes renl-
form; posterior feet much elongated, slender, and with a single
nail at the tip; anterior pair with somewhat elongated coxae, and
much dilated femora, armed with a series of short spines on the
anterior edge, on which the arcuated tibia closes.

Natural character. Body moderately slender; head small,
rounded, flattened before; antennae in the middle of the face; first

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 109

joint large, but not long; the eight following joints suboval; the
five terminal joints long, not dilated, cylindric, each being twice
the length of the preceding ones; eyes reniform, large, wider be-
neath, and approaching above; stemmata none; palpi arcuated,
four-jointed, first joint shortest, last joint longest; proboscis
shorter than the head; thorax subglobular, convex above and pro-
jecting a little forward acutely before; beneath convex; scutel
transverse; wings moderate, somewhat lanceolate; poisers naked ;
feet unequal; anterior pair with the coxae somewhat elongated ;
thighs dilated, and with a series of spines on the lower side;
tibiae arcuated, accurately closing on the inferior surface of the
thigh; tarsi moderate; intermediate pair slender, longer than the
anteriors; third pair longest, slender, the tarsi elongated, termi-
nated by a single long and slender nail. |

In specimens of Heteromyia fasciata Say, I find the
wing has the crossvein-like R, though very delicate and indistinct.

Walker’s description of Pachyleptus agrees exactly with
that of Say. Arribalzaga (1893) redescribes the genus at length
for a specimen in his possession. Heteromyia fasciata
Say, differs from Arribalzaga’s description of Pachyleptus
in the following particulars: Face convex and not keeled; the
apical joint of the palpus is longer than the second and third,
which are subequal; and the hind tarsi which are much elongated
have only the first and second joints subequal, the others being
Shorter. As these differentiating characters are of specific rather
than generic importance, I think Pachyleptus should be
considered a synonym of Heteromyia.

In one particular only may there be a chance that the two
genera are distinct. In Walker’s description nothing is said of
the wing venation excepting the statement that the veins are like
those of Ceratopogon in structure; but Arribalzaga states
that R, is wanting. This condition agrees with the figure given
by Say (pl.37, fig.8). In the tvpe species, however (H. fas-
ciata), this vein is present, at least in all the specimens that
I have seen, although it is quite delicate and indistinct. Should
it be found that certain species do have this vein and others do
not, the former may be called Heteromyia and the latter
Paechyleptus Arribalzaaga (—Pachyleptus Walker?)

There are several North American species.

110 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Bi ss

Walker’s (1856) description is as follows:

Pachyleptus. Nearly allied to Ceratopogon. Body
slender; head small, nearly round; palpi moderately long; anten-
nae mutilated; thorax convex; abdomen nearly cylindrical, some-
what contracted towards the base, much more slender than the
thorax, and almost twice its length; posterior legs rather long
and slender; femora subclavate; fore legs raptorious; femora thick,
tibiae slightly curved, closely applied to the femora; wings nar-
row; veins like those of Ceratopogon in structure.

Ceratopogon sp. sens. lat.
(P1.18, figs. 1-3)

The larvae were found in Eddy pond, Ithaca N. Y., in April.
They are white with brown markings; length 8-9 mm. Head
brown; each eye consists of two nearly contagious spots; anten-
nae two-jointed and very short; setae on the head as shown in
figure 3. The labrum (fig.1) is rounded, with a pair of jointed ©
and a pair of simple papillae. The mandible is shown in fig.3m,
the maxilla in fig.2mz, the latter has a prominent two-jointed
palpus, labium (fig.2/) rounded, with three cephalad projecting
teeth on the floor of the mouth cavity. The segments of the
thorax are marked with brown, the first with three blotches on
dorsal surface, the second with two lateral spots, and two longi-
tudinal lines which rise at the anterior margin and extend half
the length of the segment, the third with two nearly contiguous
spots on each side, and a pair of spots on its anterior margin.”
Each abdominal segment has a pair of elongate spots at the
anterior margin, a dorso-lateral and a-ventro-lateral stripe, the
latter prolonged anteriorly and joined by a transverse fascia at
the incisure; a fine median central stripe is produced forward
from the transverse fascia. These stripes vary in length, in
some specimens forming almost continuous longitudinal stripes
along the abdomen. Setae of caudal end are about eight in
number, comparatively small, and arranged not in pairs but
singly. Pupa and imago not obtained. Of this species speci-
mens have been kept living in aquaria from October to April.

Ceratopogon sp. sens. lat.

Professor A. 8S. Packard (1870) published an account of a larva
and pupa which belongs to the group of the bare-winged —
Ceratopogon. It is described as Tanypus sp. to which —
genus it certainly does not belong. The larva and pupa were
found at Clear Lake, Lake county, California. The description
states that the caudal end iy without bristles or hairs of any

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 111

kind. It is said that the pupa has no respiratory appendages,
the only peculiarity which would distinguish it from other known
species belonging to this group.
Genus Psychophaena Phillipi
Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien. 628. 1865
Proboscis equalling the head in length; palpi four-jointed,
third joint thickened, obconate, the fourth a little shorter,
slender and cylindrical; antennae pilose, 14-jointed (also of the
male?) the first joint thickened, the following seven subglobose
and (in the female at least) not petiolate, the rest elongate, the |
apical one lanceolate; the posterior margin of the wing with
long cilia; legs pilose, not spurred, the metatarsus longer than
the following joints. The wing venation resembles fig.14, pl.17,
but the media separates from R,., a little distad of the forking
of the cubitus, this forking being almost as far distad as the
tip of the radial veins. The radia] cells short. Type P. picti-
pennis Phillipi (Chile). This genus as defined does not differ
from Ceratopogon or Culicoides.

Genus Tetraphora Phillipi

Verh. z. b. Ges, Wien. 630. 1865. (P1.37, fig.18)

The antennae equal in length, the head and the thorax taken
together, about 12-14 joints, moniliform, verticillate with long
hairs, the basal joints subglobose, the intermediate ones. nar-
rowed apically, bulbous. Wings hairy, venation as in fig.18.
‘Legs long, the first tarsal joint about as long as the four follow-
ing. Type T. fusca. Phil. (Chile). From the figure of the
wing it appears that this genus is probably a synonym of either
Ceratopogon or Gulicoides.

Genus Didymorphleps Weyenbergh

Stettiner Ent, Zeit. 44:108. 1883. (PI1.35, fig.25, after Weyenbergh)

The wing venation and other characters as figured and
described by Weyenbergh is essentially that of a Cerato-
pogon or Culicoides, but according to this author is said
to present some differentiating characters. The cilia of the an-
terior wing margin are coarse and bristle-like and of equal
length; those of the posterior margin are more delicate and of

112 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

unequal length. The entire wing is so thickly covered with
microscopic hairs that it appears nearly opaque. There are
Several peculiarities in the venation to which the author calls at-
tention. The R,.; does not reach the margin; parallel to and
above it is a vein (perhaps a fold) which enters the margin;
the latter vein is not connected with any vein at its base. Above
this is a forked vein (fold) which has no connection at its base.
This is absent in the female. This forked vein or fold is of com-
mon occurrence inmany Ceratopogon wings. Uponeach
side of the cubitus there is a vein (probably a fold) running
parallel to it. These folds are absent in the female. The
halteres have prominent knobs. According to the text (but not
the figure) the vein which enters the anterior wing margin be-
fore the mid-length of the wing has a point of contact with the
bend of the one which enters the anterior margin a little distad
of the middle. The legs and antennae are like those of Cera-
topogon. In regard to the male antennae the author says:
“Das 2te Glied diese Fiihler hat der langen Haarbusch welcher
Ceratopogon kennzeichnet, aber an der Spitze ist es so zu sagen
gaffelig frisert und seine Innenseite nicht so glatt wie die Aus-
senseite, weil erstere kleine borstige Haare zeigt welche ein wenig
vorragen.” | :

Each joint of the antennae of the female possesses four long
hairs, each hair about as long as the antenna.

Type of the genus D. hortorum Weyenbergh, l. c.

It does not appear that the venation differs materially from
some species of Ceratopogon. Compare the wing of
©. rostratus Winn., plIV, fig.23, Winnertz (1852). The
other characters given certainly do not distinguish it, and there-
fore this genus must be considered as a synonym of either
Ceratopogon or Culicoides.

Genus 10. Belgica Jacobs
Ann. de Soc. Belgique. 106. 1900
The head somewhat rounded, longer than high, a little wider
than the thorax. Face flat, the eyes not emarginate, placed at
half the hight of the face, “eyes not smooth.” Antennae in-
serted opposite the eyes, a little lower than their transverse

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK gS

diameter, with five distinct and separated joints; the first joint
short, cylindrical, cut obliquely from without to within, the
last joint as long as the third and fourth together, with trun-
cated base and rounded tip. The antennal joints are provided
with hairs, the last with longer and stouter ones. The fifth joint
- in certain specimens appears to have a suggestion of a division
simulating a sixth joint. The epistome is prolonged, triangular,
and truncate. The palpi not more slender than the antennae,
have four joints, the last joint being one-half as long as the one
preceding. The thorax is produced over the head, the humeri
are prominent, the center of the thorax is arched, and widens
out tothe abdomen. The scutellum is triangular with truncated
apex. Legs.—Anterior coxae are prominent, first pair is some--
what separated from the following pair, the femora are com-
pressed and widened; the tarsal claws with a little subapical
tooth and two pulvilli. The wings are stumpy, in the form of a
flattened racket, more or less developed according to the speci-
men. Halteres are wanting. The abdomen is 8-segmented; in
the male it terminates ventrally with a large plate carrying two
lamellae covering the genitalia; with the female these organs are
hidden in the abdomen. Translation from the original. The
genus was erected for two Patagonian species, B. antarctica
and B. magellanieca.

Genus 11. Eretmoptera Kelloge
Biol. Bul. 1:82. (P1135, figs. 15 to 24)

Under this name Professor Kellogg published a description
of a maritime fly which bears such a resemblance to the genus
Psamathiomyia Deby that 1 at first considered them
Synonymous. There appear to be, however, several characters
which may be of sufficient importance to separate them generi-
cally. In Eretmoptera the maxillary palpi are four-seg-
mented, while in Psamathiomyia they are two-jointed;
the female of the former has four-jointed antennae, while both
sexes of the latter have six-jointed antennae. The remaining
distinctive characters seem to be of specific rather than of
generic value. The flies were collected December 27, 1898, by
Mr J. C. Brown at Point Lobos, a rocky point on the Pacific

114 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

coast near Monterey, California. The tlies, of which there were
many, were resting or running on the surface of the ocean water
of the tide pools, and had a tendency to gather in large numbers
in “ patches” and “in ball like masses ” on the surface of the
water. None were seen below the surface, nor were any seen
flying. They moved about on the surface of the water very
rapidly. The following iy a description given by Professor Kel-
logg, of the species:

Eretmoptera browni Kellogg
Biol. Bul. 82. 1900

Male (fig.21). Length 2 mm. Head slightly broader than the
thorax, eyes widely separated, very small, very convex, hairy,
and with rather large facets; ocelli absent; antennae (fig.22)
short, length 3 mm.; six-segmented, the basal segments wide and
globose, the sixth segment longest, the second next, the third and
fifth about equal, the fourth shortest, with a few short strong
hairs on each segment; and the surface everywhere with a fine
stiff pubescence. The mouth parts are of simple Nemato-
cerous type, short, and with distinct labrum-epipharynx,
maxillae, hypopharynx, and labium; mandibles absent; labrum-
epipharynx (fig.19) short, broadly triangular, with obtusely
rounded tip. Maxillae with short, weak, tapering, pointed lobe,
and 4-segmented palpi, 3 mm. long; the palpi with the last two
segments longest and equal, and all the segments provided like
the antennae with a few short stray hairs and a fine stiff pubes-
cence (fig.16) ; hypopharynx (fig.18) elongate, triangular, as long
as the labrum-epipharynx, but narrower and more acute; labium
(fig.17) short, lip-like, with free paraglossae, without pseudo-
tracheae. The face is whitish with a median longitudinal dark
line, and the antennary fossae with dark margins; the basal
segment of the antenna is rather dark, the other segments pale.
Thorax without bristles, dark above, pale beneath. Legs long
and slender, whitish with blackish joints; middle and hind legs
longest and equal, front legs only a little shorter; average meas-
urement of middle leg, femur 1 mm., tibia 1 mm., tarsus 1 mm.;
tarsus 5-segmented, segment one as long as segment two, three -
and four together; segment five slightly longer that segment four;
tibiae of all legs with a single apical spur; tarsal claws strongly
curved, thickened at base, with three delicate spines on basal half;
no pulvilli; empodium (fig.15 emp.) rather long, curving, filiform,
and plumose or pectinate for its whole length. Wings narrow,
_ strap-like, extending only to fourth abdominal segment, length
75 mm., and wholly without veins; whitish, somewhat wrinkled,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 115

and finely spinulose (fig.21). These strange veinless wings are
not especially thin or delicate, but on the contrary are rather
thickened, the costal margin ‘being especially thickened and per-
_ haps folded. The halteres (fig.20) or the structures which oc-
-eupy the usual position of the halteres, are not of the usual
pedicel and knobbed type common among Diptera, but are
minute lobe or scale-like processes, appearing like rudiments of
metathoracic wings; like the mesothoracic wings, they are rather
thickened and finely spinulose; they are widest at the base and
taper to a rounded tip; they average .08 mm. in length. Abdomen
with nine segments, tapering gradually posteriorly; mottled
blackish and gray above, lighter below, palest laterally; a few
scattered, small, wholly inconspicuous hairs, the body appearing
glabrous; external genitalia consisting of a pair of large, con-
Spicuous, strong, articulated claspers (fig.24) puiien are covered
with a pubescence.

Female. Length 2.5 mm., thus being 14 longer than the male;
this extra length is all in the abdomen, which is markedly larger
than the abdomen of the male in every way. The head and
thorax are narrower than the robust abdomen, which is sub-
cylindrical, tapering only slightly posteriorly. Eyes as in the
male very small, very widely separated, and hairy. Antennae
only 4-segmented. Mouth parts essentially as in the male, with,
however, appreciable differences in shape; the labrum-epipharynx
is narrower at base, and is more pointed apically; the labium
with paraglossae separated farther back and slightly narrower.
The reduced wings and halteres like those of the male, the wings’
length .85 mm., slightly elongated. The abdomen consists of nine
segments mottled blackish, with conspicuous white sutural spaces,
caused by the distension of the abdomen. The external genitalia
are inconspicuous. There is a short, emarginate dorsal plate with
rounded tips and a pair of lateral processes. There appears to
be no extrusible ovipositor.

Pupa of female. A single pupa taken with the imagines from
a tide pool. Length 2.5mm. Immediately recognizable as pupa
of the female from the similarity in size, shape and markings.
Abdomen just as in the adult in regard to size, shape, color
and markings. The antennae, legs and wings are folded on the
lateral and ventral aspects of the anterior part of the body, and
extending backwards to (hardly reaching) the posterior margin
of the second abdominal segment. There are no external tracheal
gills or elongated spiracles (breathing tubes). There are no
bristles nor special clinging organs. The pupa is of a very simple,
unmodified, unprotected type.

116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Genus 12. Halirytus Eaton
Ent. Mo. Mag. 12:60. 1875. (P17, figs. 5, 6, 7)

Imago, female. Head suborbicular, palpi very short, two-
jointed; antennae divergent, six-jointed, the basal joint very large,
nearly orbicular, the next four much smaller, submoniliform, the
apical joint oval, about as long as the preceding two together ;
the basal joint has one rather short and a few still shorter bris-
tles near its middle, and the apical joint has a short bristle on
one side, and a finer hair on the other side near its base, and
Some extremely minute pubescence, which is hardly discernible
even under the microscope (fig.7) ; genae each with one minute
bristle below the eye; epistome scutiform; eyes suborbicular, —
protuberant, close to their upper orbit ‘behind are three short
bristles, the hinder two are near together; ocelli absent. Meso-
notum somewhat cucullate, being strongly arched in front and pro-
jecting forwards above the head; scutellum semi-elliptical, promi-
nent, with a transverse line of minute erect bristles; metanotum
very transverse, exceedingly short; the spiracles on each side of
the mesothorax are very prominent; wings rudimentary, some-
what narrowly obovate, reaching to the apex of the first abdominal
segment; halteres small, clavate and slender; legs very long, the
posterior tibiae not thickened nor spurred; the proximal joints of
the tarsi very long, ungues and pulvilli very small. Abdomen
with seven dorsal and six ventral segments (exclusive of the
base supporting the valves of the ovipositor), subcylindric; ovi-
positor pointed obliquely downwards, composed of a stout basal
joint terminated by a pair of acute short lanceolate Jamellae en-
closing a smaller pair of spicules. Male unknown.

The larvae probably feed on Enteromorpha. The species
is found on the Kerguelen Island. Type of genus is H. amphi-
bius, Eaton.

This genus is akin to Corynoneura, from which it is
separated by its two-jointed palpi, the comparative nakedness of
its antennae, its entire eyes, the spurless tibiae of which the
hind: pair is not thickened, its rudimentary wings, and perhaps
by the number of abdominal segments. If the portion reckoned
above as the base of the ovipositor be regarded as a segment, then
there is no difference between these genera in that last particular.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 117

All the known species of Corynoneura areextremely minute.
In the original diagnosis the number of the segments was said to
be five; they were enumerated from below, and the proximal seg-
ment was taken to be metathoracic.

The foregoing description is taken from Verrall’s article in
Phil. Trans. of the Royal Soc. of London, vol. 168, p.246. The
figures on pl.37 are also copied from Verrall. No North American
Species.

Genus 13. Psamathiomyia Deby
Journ. Royl. Micr. Soe. 180. 1889. (P1.35, figs. 4 to 9)
_ This genus-was erected fora small Dipteron found in abund-
ance during the latter days of April, 1888, at Biarritz in the
south of France. The following is an abstract of Mr Deby’s
paper:

Psamathiomyia pectinata isa marine insect, living

below water during its early existence, the larva feeding on
Knteromorpha. The adult escapes from the pupal case
while the descending tide has laid bare the algae covered rocks;
these small insects swarm at such times, being especially active
when the sun shines on them. The males are more numerous than
the females, and are also much more rapid in their motions.
Both sexes have rudimentary wings, quite useless as organs of
fight. so that these insects cannot possibly escape from the
rising tide, which on this coast is accompanied by heavy surf
and ‘breakers. It is presumed that the life of the imago does not
exceed the few hours during which the tide has receded. Several
specimens which were immerged in a vial of sea water were
immediately, drowned. These insects being small have to be
looked for with attention, but once discovered they are easily
recognized; the black, very long-legged males look like minute
spiders, while the dingy brown louse-like females, which they
drag after them, have the appearance, from a distance, of the
cocoons some spiders carry behind them.

Generic characters. Antennae (fig.6) six-jointed in both sexes,
three middle joints submoniliform, neither feathered nor plumed,
much shorter than the thorax and head; mesonotum (fig.9) cucul-
late, projecting over the head; legs very long and slender,
especially in the males, the terminal joint of the tarsus being

118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

furnished (along with the usual claws) with a special finger-like
projection, extending over and between the claws, while a doubly
curved curious comb-like appendage faces it from below (pl.35,
fig.8).

Wings rudimentary (figs.4 and 5) ; much smaller in the females
than in the males; wings without nervures. MHalteres distinct
(fig.7). The convex eyes are distant in both sexes but fartherest
apart in the females. Both the claws on the end of the tarsi of
the male are deeply cleft or bifid (fig.8), those of the female
being simple. The comb-like appendages are similar in both
Sexes.

The external genitalia of the male consist of a powerful two-
jointed pair of forceps, the lower joints of which are large,
massive, subglobular, while the terminal joints are small and
linear, and so articulated to the first as to curve inwardly between
them when not in use. These terminal joints of the forceps carry
at their tips an armature of short, sharp, scattered, horny spines.
The ovipositor of the female is conical, narrowing towards the
acute apex; it is constituted of two lateral plates or valves, which
cover and protect two very delicate, parallel, acute, membranous
Spiculae.

Mr Deby further gives an extended description of the species,
and a plate of eleven figures showing details of structure. The
figures of the wings, the thorax, and the foot of the male are
here reproduced on pl.35.

Of the remaining figures, that of the Teale forceps is like ©

that of Eretmoptera browni Kellogg, shown in fig.24,
pl.35, excepting that the basal joint of the latter is somewhat
longer; and the legs of the male of Psamathiomyia are
shown as being proportionately longer than in the American
species. Of the structural specific characters the following are of
especial importance. The eyes are prominent and convex; the
facets are large and hemispherical; the ocelli are absent. Hach
eye carries at its posterior lateral edge a black chitinous append-
age of an oblong shape and of unknown use. The palpi are con-
spicuous, two-jointed, the terminal joint rich in sensory bristles.
The empodium of both sexes is deeply fringed by a series of
lengthened simple as well as forked or bifid teeth upon its outer
edge, while its inner edge is quite smooth. The tergites of the

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 119

abdomen in both sexes number eight. Length of the male about
4mm.; of the female 4.5 mm.

The larva. The larva of Psamathiomyia is linear,

vermiform, and of a yellow color. The apparent number of seg-
ments of the body, including the head, is twelve, one for the
head, three for the thorax, and eight for the abdomen. The
thoracic segments are shorter than the following; the apical one,
into which the head is retractile, being the smallest. The
thoracic anterior inferior angles of the somites carry incon- —
spicuous minute bristly tubercles, while the abdominal seg-
ments, with the exception of the first and of the anal segment,
are supplied in the same place with prominent rounded eleva-
tions or cushions which infringe on the anterior edge of the pre-
ceding segment. These appendages carry nine to ten parallel
rows of very minute dark colored teeth, giving them the resem-
blance to microscopic currycombs. In front of each row of these
teeth and standing at some distance one much stouter spine is
visible. The anal segment terminates in five conical and some-
what incurved fleshy appendages, one of which is ventral and
much larger and broader than the others. This appendage
carries near its apex a large bunch of short-curved bristles,
while those opposed to it bear several tufts of similar bristles,
and the intermediate appendages are quite glabrous. The total
leneth of this larvais5.10mm. The length of the anal segment,
including its appendages, is .66mm., that of the three thoracic
segments .66min., while the middle segments of the abdomen
measure .45 mm. in length by .90 mm. in width. The chitinous
mandibles are distinctly visible; they appear, as far as can be
made out, to be widely three-lobed or toothed, and to be in com-
munication with two long internal chitinous rods, with slightly
swollen heads, which terminate as far back as the last thoracic
segment. 7 |

Pupa of the male. The pupa case, after the imago has escaped
through a dorsal slit in the mesonotum, shows distinctly the
three sternal divisions of the thorax, as well as the various seg-
ments of the abdomen. These are eight in number, unless the
anal terminal process is considered as a segment, in which case
the abdomen has nine segments. The sheaths of the legs are
quite free, bag-shaped, distinctly jointed, rounded at the ends.

120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The hinder ones are convolute. The mesonotum shows a median
transverse depression. The total length of the pupa is 4.5 mm.

Genus 14. Clunio Haliday
Natural History Review II, Proc. 62. 1855. (P1.36, figs. 11, 12, 18)

Small ferruginous species, characterized by their one-jointed
palpi and rudimentary proboscis.

The head is rounded and placed low; proboscis rudimentary,
the palpi one-jointed. Antennae 11-jointed, the first two joints
spherical, the third much elongated, the following rounded,
scarcely hairy, the last joint quite long. Front broad at the
vertex with a small protuberance; ocelli wanting or at least rudi-
mentary; eyes round, somewhat hairy; mesonotum oval, over-
hanging the head, no transverse suture; scutellum semicircular ;
the metanotum moderately large. Albdomen shorter than the
thorax, the segments crowded together, the last one broadened ;
the genitalia longer than the rest of the abdomen. Legs mod-
erately long, anterior pair widely separated from the others;
tibiae with a spur; the metatarsus elongated, the fourth joint
smallest; claws and pulvilli well developed. MHalteres leaf-like.
Wings comparatively large, anal angle prominent. The venation
of the type shown in the figure.

According to the Abbe Kieffer (1898 p.107, footnote), the figure
of Haliday and here reproduced is not entirely complete. He
says, “ Le dessin de Haliday ne représente par la premiere ni la
derniere nervure; en outre le rameau inferieur de la 4e fait un
angle aigue avec le rameau superieur. . . .”

Of the female and of the life history the following is given by
G. H. Carpenter (1894) p.129.

We discovered quite a colony of Clunio marinus Hali-
day on a mass of green sea-weed (Cladophora) covering a rock
which had ‘been left exposed by the tide. On some of the weed
with the insects upon it being placed in a tube and examined, it
became clear that we had now secured both sexes, for two of
the males were carrying about with them (attached im cop.)
wingless females. These when captured had their abdomens dis-
tended with eggs, and appeared of a dull greenish color. The
female Clunio is much degraded (fig.18). ‘Not only are the
wings reduced to very small vestiges, but the legs are weaker,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 421

and the antennae are shorter and of fewer joints (7) than are
those of the male (whose antennae are 11-jointed). The male,
by means of his strong claspers (so marked a character of the
species), was able to hold the body of the female out in a straight
line with his own, and thus carry her about; so that when he
walked on the glass of the tube her legs could be seen kicking
freely in the air.

During the next day each of the females laid about seventy
eges, enclosed like those of ChironomusS ina gelatinous tube.
The egg is narrowly spindle-shaped, and measures 0.16 mm. in
length. By the morning of the second day egg-laying seemed to
have finished, and the body of the mother became much shrivelled
up. As in both sexes the mouth parts are vestigial, it is probable
that life in the imaginal state is short.

Further examination of the Cladophora revealed a larva
of the Chironomid type, which there can be little doubt is
that of Clunio (fig.11). This larva (4 mm. long) is, excepting
the head, which is brown, of a green color, closely agreeing with
the sea-weed on which it feeds and lives. The head bears two
deep black ocelli on each side (the posterior much larger than
the anterior) and a pair of two-jointed antennae. The mandibles
are powerful, armed with teeth, and articulated so as to move in
almost vertical planes, though somewhat inclined inwards. They
act, in conjunction with the serrated labial plate, as scissor-like
cutters. There are twelve body segments, the first and last of
which are each provided with a pair of sucker feet, the an-
terior pair armed with numerous spines, and the posterior with a
few hooks. This larva has not the ribbon-like appendages and
special breathing processes found in that of Chironomus.
Chevrel (1894) states that the female has no halteres; that the
labium of the larva has six or eight teeth, and that the last abdomi-
nal segment of larva has two long divergent setae. No North
American species have been recorded.

GROUP TANYPUS.
Tanypus Meigen. Illiger’s Mag. 2:261. 1803

This group includes the genera Procladius, Anatopynia, Ab-
labesmyia, Isoplastus, Tanypus and probably also Pentaneura,
Podonomus, and Heptagyia.

122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Eggs. The egg masses of the group Tanypus doubtless
vary aS much in form and manner of deposition as do those of
Chironomus. The eggs of one species of Tanypus are
described by Hammond (Postal Microscopical Journal) as cir-
cular gelatinous masses, adhering to floating objects. The eggs
are arranged in double rows, along about eight straight and
parallel lines which extend across the disk (pl.31, fig.11). Ihave
caught female specimens of a species of Tanypus (A.
monilis) while laying eggs and found still attached to the
abdomen a string of eggs, resembling that of Ceratopogon
(Sphaeromyas) argentata. From an examination of
the dried egg strings it appears that in this species the eggs are
arranged transversely, the egg string being about 1.5 inches in
length. | |

Larva. All the species of this group agree, as far as I am
aware, in having an elongate cylindrical body, a more or less
elongate head, a somewhat enlarged thorax and distinctly marked
abdominal segments, to the last of which are attached the legs.
The head in some species is narrow and slender, over twice as
long as wide, and in others less than 1.5 times as long as wide.
The eye spots are situated on the sides of the head a little
cephalad of the middle. The antennae are more or less elongate,
in some species quite long and slender, in others short and stout,
varying in length from less than 1.5 to over three times as long
as the mandibles. The basal joint ranges from two-thirds to
nine-tenths of the entire length; the second joint is usually
slender, the third and fourth very minute. At the apex of the
first joint (at the base of the second joint) is a slender process
nearly or quite as long as the second joint. The antennae
are retractile to about the apex of the long basal joint, ex-
tending back into sockets in the head. They are retracted
by special muscles, and extended again by blood pressure. Mein-
ert (1882) was the first to call attention to the retractile antennae
of Tanypus larvae. The labrum is broad, truncate in front,
smooth on the dorsal surface, the under surface delicately haired.

In some species I have observed several pairs of very slender
jointed appendages (pl1.20, fig.6). I have discovered no part which
is comparable to the epipharynx in Chironomus.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 123

The mandibles are rather broad at the base, considerably curved
and prolonged into a long apical tooth, the mesal teeth being short
and sometimes indistinct or wanting. The maxilla consists of a
broad, more or less square, fleshy process, with hairs or filaments
projecting cephalad and mesad (pl1.19, fig.1 mz.), and a prominent
palpus (p) with a short basal joint. The palpus is provided with
several papillae or apical processes.

The hypopharynx consists either of a horseshoe-shaped piece
having a toothed margin (pl.20, figs. Lh and 6h), excepting the mid-
dle section, or of two curved pectinate pieces, their tips nearly
touching each other; besides this there is a pointed slender lobe
(figs.1x and 6x) on each side of the labium. The labium usually
has five, though sometimes but four, marginal teeth, differing
slightly in shape in the different species. The thorax is some- |
what larger in diameter than the abdominal segments, and its
three segments not so sharply separated. The anterior prolegs
are quite long and slender. They have a long common base, and two
branches, at the ends of which protrude the retractile claws.
These claws are comparatively few in number, quite distinct, and
not hair-like like those of Chironomus. The abdomen has
nine segments and is in some species provided with lateral cilia.
To the last segment of the abdomen are attached the abdominal
legs and appendages (pl.19, fig10). On the dorsal surface, and
attached to the posterior margin of the ninth segment, are two
moderately slender cylindrical processes, about three times as
long as wide, each with a crown of six or eight long setae at the
tip ; between the posterior legs is a pair of pointed blood gills (b),
and immediately dorsad of this pair is another pair. Often also
there is a pair of long setae dorsad of the upper pair of blood
gills. The anal feet are long and stilt-like, Degeer comparing them
to wooden legs. The claws are slender, each usually with a basal
tooth (pl.19, figs. 11 and 12), and are retractile. Blood worms
are greedily devoured by Tanypus larvae. The alimentary
canal has a reddish tinge, which suggests that the larva preys
upon the small red worms known as Tubipex or some other
small creature which contains haemoglobin in its blood. Crus-
tacea actually have been seen alive in the alimentary canal. The
tracheal system is better developed than in Chironomus

124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

larvae; but it does not appear to open to the surface. (Miall and
Hammond, 1900.) Tanypus larvae are said to make tubes
like those of Chironomus, ‘but in captivity they seldom seem
to do so.
Pupa. Greatly resembles that of Culex, but differs in the
form of the breathing trumpet, the form of the caudal fin, and in
lacking the stellate hairs on the posterior margin of the thorax.
It often remains below the surface but can come up to breathe.
When alarmed it sinks and often holds on to objects at the bottom
of the water by means of its tail. The pupa is further provided
with suckers on the abdomen, which enables it to hold on to solid
objects. Meinert (1886) says that the suckers are circular de-
pressions outside the dorsal shields of the abdomen. The pupa of
Tanypus varius shows them most distinctly. Here they
are borne in pairs by four abdominal segments (3-6). When
the pupa has attached itself by a single sucker, it can turn about
without losing its hold. The form of the pupa is shown on pl.19,
fig.8. The thorax is large and bulky, the abdomen slender and
curved under the thorax. The breathing trumpets vary in the
different species (figs. 2, 3, 7, 13, and 18); in some species they
are long, slender, cylindrical, and tube-like; in others spindle-
shaped or funnel-shaped; and in one an elongate ellipsoid with
a small aperture. The surface may be smooth, spinose, or reticu-
late. On the dorsum of the thorax back of the trumpets there
is, In some species at least, a row of short spines (pl.19, fig.8).
The wings, legs, antennae and eyes of the adult are distinctly
visible in the more mature pupae. There are seven abdominal
segments besides the anal to which the caudal fin is attached.
There are no distinct spinose markings in the species which I
have examined. The caudal fin varies with the different species;
in some it is composed of two pointed projections, in others these
are more lobe-like, while in an extreme form it is in the form of
a rounded paddle (pl.19, figs. 4, 6, 15, 19, and pl.20, figs. 4 and’ 8).
The imago. Body elongate and pubescent. Eyes separate in
both sexes. Palpi four-jointed, curved, first joint shorter than
the second, second shorter than the third, fourth nearly as long
as the second and third. Antennae in both sexes fifteen-jointed,
filiform, seated in a notch in the eyes; plumose in the male, joints
two to thirteen very small, fourteenth long, fifteenth short and

a a ot

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 125

conical; in the female the antennae are pilose, the. fifteenth
thicker than the others, pubescent and more acuminate. Thorax
elevated, with a depression in front of the scutellum, scutellum
rather small; metathorax with a longitudinal furrow. Abdomen
composed of eight segments, long, hairy; more hairy and longer in
the male than in the female. Wings often pubescent, hairy along
the hind border, the subcostal vein ending beyond the middle of
the wing, vein R, ending about two thirds the length; vein R,,,
emerging from the crossvein and the lower branch (R,) ending at
beyond three fourths the length; vein R,., also proceeding from
the crossvein, ending a very little in front of the tip; cubitus
forked as usual, the M-Cu crossvein present. Legs long and slen-
der, pubescent, unarmed; coxae of moderate size, claws very
small; in the male the fore tarsi are often pilose, in the female
always bare. ; |
' The group Tanypus which is equivalent to the genus of
Meigen (1803) has been divided by Skuse (1889) into three
eenerm, Erocladius, Isoplastus, and Tanypus
sens. str. Skuse proposed to retain the name Tanypus for
those species in which the wings are hairy and in which the
fork of the cubitus is proximad of the M-Cu crossvein. This
cannot well be maintained since Meigen (1803) gives cinctus
Fabr. (=punctipennis Meig.) as the type species, and it
possesses hairy wings and the fork of the cubitus distad of this
crossvein (i. e. petiolate). I therefore suggest retaining the name
Tanypus for the last-mentioned division and propose the
name of Ablabesmyia for the former. Skuse has already
provided for the bare-winged species with the fork of the cubitus
petiolate the name Procladius. Isoplastus applies
to an Australian genus. There remain still the species having
bare wings with fork of the cubitus proximad of crossvein, for
which I propose the name of Anatopynia. These new
genera will be more fully characterized farther on.

Genus 15. Procladius Skuse

Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8S. W. 4:283. 1889
Tanypus Meigen, pt. 1803

Antennae in the male 15-jointed. Wings naked. R, and R,
distinct. Fork of the cubitus short, its base lying midway
between the M-Cu crossvein and the tip of its posterior branch

126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘

(pl.37, fig.12). In some species petiole of the cubitus is very short
(pl.27, fig.4).

The only larva which I have found belonging to this genus is
that of adumbratus n. gp. (pl.20, figs.1-5). Pupae of the
above species and of P. pinguis Lw. will be found described
upon a subsequent page (pl.19, figs.5-4, and pl.20, figs. 4 and 9).

KEY TO SPECIES OF PROCLADIUS
Imagines
a Legs uniform in color, pale or dark
b Legs piceous or brownish; fore metatarsus about one sixth shorter
than the tibia ; opaque black species, thorax cinereous, black striped ;
crossvein lightly cinereous; wings white; halteres white; length
Aromas Gee e Aala © See eis ae ie eee ee ee ee ee 1. turpis Zett.
bb Legs yellow; brown species, prothorax, a spot near its humerus and
scutellum dark yellow; length 4.5 mm. (Colorado)
2. occidentalis
aa Legs bicolored
b Yellow or red dorsum of thorax (usually pale species)
. 6 Scutellum and metanotum yellow, the latter sometimes with a line

of black
d@ Small yellowish species; thorax whitish with three shining red-
dish stripes; length 1.5 to 2.25 mm. ............. 3 pusillus
dd, larger ‘yellow species, S’mm. 120.055 5.65 ss a6s bee eee 4, bellus

ce Scutellum and metanotum, either one or both, with considerable
black upon them
d Tips of fore femora black; abdomen black and fusous; male,
{Te Otago OTe: Seo Sb 0a 8 Wee ange de EPMA Sa, ane ci Ana a Be 5. thoracicus
dd Fore femora not as above
e Fore femora wholly yellow; abdomen yellow; segments with
black bases; female, length 3mm........ ...6 econeinnus
ee Fore femora black and yellow
f Femora black, bases yellow ; male abdomen black and white;
female abdomen black; male fore tibia white with black
tip; female fore tibia black; length 3mm. (Cuba)
% humeratlys
ff Femora and tibiae yellow, each with two black rings; abdo-
men black and yellow; female, length 3.5 mm.
8 tricolor
bb Black or fuscous dorsum of thorax (dark species)
c Femora more than half yellow
d Abdomen wholly dark brown subshining; thorax ehanine brown,
with three shining dark brown stripes; tibiae nearly wholly
brown; halteres sordidly yellow ; female, length 3.5 to 4mm.
9, caliginosuSs D. sp.
dd Each abdominal segment basally or apically yellow
e Thorax pitchy black; pleura ferruginous ; abdomen black ; bases
of segments yellow; male, 3mm........10. flavicinetus

—
. re

~~ er

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 127

ee Thorax and pleura with three wide dull dark brown or black
stripes; abdomen brown, each segment with a yellowish pos-

terior margin; length 2.5 mm.; female
11. adumbratus D.sp.

cc ae femur black, excepting the immediate base
d@ Middle femora yellow; abdomen shining black; female, iehath
Se MRDEREM ee ered SPE oe Eis aetial ois aad eae ele a oecsls wate 12, pinguis
dd All femora black with white bases; thorax black; pleura with
upper half white; female abdomen black; male abdomen white
SPRMIW RE PDMCUGHS seats a) saves crcl erct ate’ wie sic,ee Sie wis S-00e ee 8 6 13. scapularis

1. Tanypus (Procladius?) turpis Zetterstedt

1888 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. 811
1850 Tanypus Zett. Dipt. Seand. IX. 3596

Dusky cinereous, opaque, dorsum of thorax with three black
stripes; antennae brown; wings and halteres white, the crossvein
fuscous; legs brown; the fore tarsus of the male short pubescent,
its metatarsus about one sixth shorter than the tibia. Length of
male 5 mm; female 4 mm.

Male and female. Head dark. Antennae of the male brown,
paler at the tip; that of the female yellow with a brown apex.
Thorax cinereous, with three rather wide blackish stripes, the
median one abbreviated posteriorly and continued by a fine dark
line to the cinereous scutellum; metathorax blackish.

Abdomen black, that of the male slender, pilose, the last three
Segments with little wider pale margins, the caudal append-
ages small, slender, and incurved; in the female the abdomen
is a little stouter and pubescent. Wings white, bare, the anterior
veins subtestaceous, the remaining veins slender and white, the
oblique R-M crossvein subfuscous; the perpendicular M-Cu cross-
_vein is slender and spotless. Legs rather slender, wholly brown or

pale, slightly pubescent. Fore tarsus a little shorter than the tibia,
the second tarsal joint one half as long as the metatarsus, the
remaining joints gradually decreasing in length. (This species
may possibly belong to the genus Anatopynia.) Greenland,
New Jersey (Johnson, 1904).

2. Procladius occidentalis Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Coq. Proc. Nat. Museum. 25:92

Brown, the prothorax, a spot near each humerus, and the scutel-
lum dark yellow, legs light yellow, halteres whitish; hairs of
antennae brown and yellow, wings hyaline, bare, first vein not
connected with the second by a crossvein (i. e. R, and R, coales-
cent); fifth vein (cubitus) forks a short distance beyond the
crossvein, the latter situated nearly its length before the small
crossvein; length 4.5mm. A male specimen. Colorado, New Jer-
sey (Johngon, 1904).

128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

3. Procladius pusillus Loew
1866 Tanypus Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 4

Male and female. Very pale yellow, the thoracic stripes and the
metanotum ochreous red, each abdominal segment with a fuscous
basal fascia, wanting or indistinct in the female, the legs white,
the extreme tips of the tibiae and the apical ends of the tarsi
black, the fourth tarsal joint simple, wings bare, subhyaline, the
crossvein subfuscous. Length 1.5 to2.3 mm. Wing 1.5 to 1.8 mm..
Much resembes T. bellus, but is paler and smaller.

The head is pale, the disk of the occiput red, antennae fuscous,
in the female with pale base; in the male the hairs subfuscous.
Thorax pale yellow, with three red stripes, the median one pos-
teriorly much abbreviated and often divided by a fine line, lateral
ones much abbreviated anteriorly. Metanotum and the upper
half of the pleura red; the pleura are sometimes wholly red.
Scutellum yellowish. Abdomen of the male whitish, each segment
with a fuscous basal ring; the abdomen of the female is some-
times wholly white or pale yellow, sometimes with lateral sub-
fuscous spots, rarely each segment with a subfuscous ring. The
legs are white, short pilose, extreme tips of tibiae black, the tarsi
marked like P. bellus MHalteres white. Wings bare, sub-
hyaline transverse vein subfuscous or fuscous. Washington D. C.
(P1.27, fig.1).

To the above description may be added. that the tips of two or
three joints of the tarsi are blackish, the fourth and fifth tarsal
joints infuscated. Fore metatarsus about one-third shorter than
its tibia. Specimens from Ithaca, N. Y. Michigan.

4. Procladius bellus eee
1866 Tanypus Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 4

Male and female. Pallidly yellow, the thoracic stripes and the
metanotum reddish, pleura and pectus red and fuscous variegated,
the abdomen black annulate, the tarsi towards the tip, and the
extreme tips of the tibiae black, the next to the last tarsal joint
normal, the wings bare, subhyaline, the transverse veins fuscous.
Length 2.7 to3 mm. Wings 2.5 to 2.7 mm.

The head pale or dilutely clay yellow, the disk of the occiput
ferruginous, the antennae of the female pallid, blackish towards
the tip, that of the male subfuscous, with basal and apical joints
‘black, with pale pile. Dorsum of thorax pallidly yellow, with
three reddish stripes, the median one much abbreviated pos-
teriorly and divided by a very slender pale line; the lateral stripes
much abbreviated anteriorly. Scutellum pallidly yellow. Meta-
notum reddish or ferruginous, often marked with a fuscous

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 129

median line. Pleura variegated reddish and fuscous. Abdomen
pallid, each segment with a black or fuscous basal fascia, wider
on the more posterior segments. The legs covered with whitish
or pale yellow pile; the extreme tips of the tibiae are black; the
first pair of tarsi are black from the tip of the metatarsus on-
wards, the base, however, of the second joint in the male being
pallid; the second and third pairs have pale first and second
joints excepting the extreme tips; the remaining joints are black,
though in the male the base of the third joint is pale. The fourth
tarsal joints are all simple and sublinear. Halteres white. Wings
bare, subhyaline, crossveins fuscous or black. Washington D.C.
(Loew.) Fork of cubitus petiolate. (S. Henshaw, in litt.)

5. Procladius thoracicus Loew.
1866 Tanypus Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 4

Male. Reddish, shining, flagellum of the antenna, scutellum,
and abdomen, excepting the base of each segment, black fuscous,
the legs yellowish, the tip of each tibia and each tarsus, except-
ing the base, black, the fourth joint of the latter short, that of
the middle and hind pairs obcordate, the wings bare, subhyaline,
the crossveins fuscous. Length 45 mm. Wing 3 mm.

Head yellowish red, the first joint of the antenna the same
color or dusky red, the flagellum and its hairs fuscous. Thorax
reddish, shining, the color of the humeri verging upon yellow,
the scutellum blackish fuscous, the metanotum reddish or sub-
fuscous. Each segment of the abdomen with fuscous black un-
evenly distributed, so that often they are wholly black excepting
the basal joints. The legs are pale yellow, the extreme tips of
the fore femora and of all the tibiae are black, the fore tarsi
have the last four joints and the apical third of the first joint
black; the middle and hind tarsi from the tip of the second
joint are black; all the fourth tarsal joints are short, those of
the second and third pair of legs are obcordate. Halteres white.
Wings bare, subhyaline, crossveins fuscous. Washington, D. C.
(Loew.) Fork of cubitus petiolate. (S. Henshaw, in litt.)

6. Procladius concinnus Coquillett
1895 Tanypus Cog. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 308

Light yellow, three vittae on the thorax reddish yellow, the
middle one bordered each side with black, the lateral ones chang-
ing into black posteriorly; a dot at each front angle of the
scutellum, middle of metanotum, a fascia at base of each ab-
dominal segment except the first, apices of tibiae, of metatarsi,
of the second joint of middle and hind tarsi, the whole of the
remaining joints and the last four of the front tarsi black,

130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Penultimate joint of hind tarsi obcordate, as broad as long.
Wings naked, whitish hyaline, veins pale yellowish, small cross-
vein clouded with brown, first vein forked before its apex, the
fifth (cubitus) forking slightly beyond the crossvein. Length 3
mm. Female. Tick Island, Florida.

7. Procladius humeralis Loew
1866 Tanypus Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 3

Male and female. Reddish, the humeri and the upper half of
the pleura white, the pectus and metanotum fuscous, the legs
white and black variegated, the wings bare, with a central black
spot which covers the crossveins, the penultimate tarsal joint
_ short, obcordate.

Male. The abdomen white and black ringed, the fore tibiae
white except the tip. ;

Female. The abdomen wholly black, the fore tibiae wholly
black. Length 2.7 mm. to 3.3 mm. Wing 2.5 to 2.7 mm.

Head white, the disk of the occiput fuscous. The antennae
fuscous, of which the flagellum of the male is paler. The thorax
red, in the male opaque, in the female somewhat shining and
often more deeply colored; the collar, humeri and upper half of
the pleura in both sexes white, though the color is less pure in
the female. The pectus and metanotum fuscous black. The ab-
domen of the male is black, but the first two segments, the tip
of the third and fifth, and the fourth and sixth except the base,

are white. All the femora in both sexes excepting the white bases:

are black or pitchy; the fore tibiae of the female are of the same
color, those of the male are white with black tips; the middle
tibiae of the female are usually black, rarely with a fuscous ring;
those of the male are white with black tip and base; the hind
tibiae except base and tip are white in both sexes; the fore tarsi
are black, the first joint is white except the tip, in both sexes; in
the male the base of the second is often lutescent; the first two
joints of the middle and hind tarsi of both sexes are white, with
black tips, the remaining joints being wholly black; all the fourth
tarsal joints short, obcordate. The wings are bare, subhyaline,
with a small black spot covering the crossveins and anastomosing
with a minute spot on the cubitus. Cuba. (Loew.) Fork of
cubitus sessile. (S. Henshaw, in litt.) May possibly belong to
Anatopynia.
8. Procladius tricolor Loew
1861 Tanypus Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 309

Female. Yellowish, the thorax with reddish ferruginous stripes,
fuscous marginate, the abdominal segments with black bases and
yellow posterior margins; the legs black-ringed; the wings hya-

We a

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK tot

line, bare, the longitudinal veins pale, the crossveins fuscous
black and fuscous bordered. Length 3.5mm. Wing 3.75 mm.
The head is very pale yellow. The palpi fuscous. The antennae
are short, fuscous, with the scapus (basal joints) pale yellow.
The humeral spots of the thorax and the pleura are pale yellow;
the dorsal stripes are confluent, reddish ferruginous, and fuscous
marginate. The scutellum is fuscous, with a yellow median line.
The metanotum is fuscous black; the pectus ferruginous. The
first segment of the abdomen is wholly yellow, the second is yel-
low with a fuscous base; the remaining segments are black, each
with a yellow posterior margin. The legs are yellow, black an-
nulate; the median ring of the femur is wide but somewhat faint,
the apical ring narrower and distinct; the tibial rings are dis-
tinct, the sub-basal one wide, the apical one narrow. The fore
tarsus from the tip of the first joint is black, the middle and hind
tarsi each have the tip of the first joint and all the following
joints black. Halteres pale yellow. Wings hyaline, bare, the
longitudinal veins are yellowish, the crossveins are fuscous black
with a fuscous border. New, York. (Loew.) Fork of cubitus
sessile. (S. Henshaw, in litt.) May possibly belong to Anatopynia.

9. Procladius caliginosus new species
(P1.27, fig.2)

Female. Dark brown, somewhat shining, with robust body.
Wings bare, slightly smoky, crossvein clouded. Length 3.5 to 4
mm. |
Resembles P. pinguis Loew, differs from it in having the
antennae wholly fuscous, and in having the tibiae nearly wholly
brown. The head, mouth parts and antennae wholly fuscous, ver-
tex, Shining. Dorsum of thorax shining brown, with three shining
dark brown stripes, the middle one divided. Scutellum and meta-
notum shining dark brown. Pleura pale brown, sternum darker
brown. Abdomen wholly dark brown, subshining. ‘'Coxae pale,
trocanters and femora yellow, the apical one third of the first
pair of the femora and the apical one fourth or one fifth of the
second and the third pairs brown; tibiae brown, the middle sec-
tion of the middle pair slightly paler, the hind pair with a broad
yellowish band ‘beyond the middle. Tarsi brown, the basal two
thirds of middle and hind metatarsi yellowish. Fourth tarsal
joints obcordate. Wings slightly smoky, particularly along the
course of the veins; anterior veins brown, crossvein clouded with
brown. Rk, present, crossvein like, near the tip of R,. The cubitus
forks a little beyond the M-Cu crossvein. Halteres sordidly yel-
low. Fore metatarsus about 0.6 as long as its tibia. Several
specimens, Ithaca, N. Y.

132 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM aa

10. Procladius flavicinctus Loew
1861 Tanypus Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. p.309

Male. Pitchy black, shining; the base of each segment of the
abdomen yellow; the wings hyaline, bare, the heavier veins fus-
cous; halteres white; legs yellow, the tips of the fore and hind
tibiae and the apical half of all the tarsi black. Length 3 mm.
Wing 2.7 mm.

Shining pitchy ‘black. Palpi yellow; face yellow; antennae
dark fuscous, its hairs of the same color. Pleura ferruginous.
The base of each of the abdominal segments is yellow, the yellow
of the anterior ones wide and entire, that of the posterior ones

narrow and interrupted. The claspers are obtuse, equalling the.

seventh segment in length. The legs are yellow, the tips of the
fore tibiae widely, the hind tibiae narrowly, black-ringed, the

fore tarsi from the tip of the first joint, the middle and hind tarsi

from the tip of the second joint onwards are black. The wings
are bare, hyaline, very faintly cinereous, the more delicate veins
testaceous, the heavier ones fuscous. Pennsylvania. (Loew.)
Fork of cubitus petiolate. (S. Henshaw, in litt.)

11. Procladius adumbratus n. sp.
(P1.20, figs. 1-5)
The larvae were collected in July and October in Eddy Pond,
Ithaca N. Y. The larva is a buff yellow, mottled more or less
with brownish spots. Length about 5 mm.

Head short, about one and one-half times as long as wide,
brownish, antenna about one-fourth longer than the mandible,
its basal joint more than three-fourths the entire length. The
eye spots black, simple. Mandible rather slender, apical tooth
sharp, black tipped; the lateral teeth small and indistinct.
Maxilla large, with a prominent stout palpus. Hypopharynx
composed of a pair of curved pectinate chitinous branches ap-
parently connected in the center by membrane (fig.1, h). Labium
(1) with five teeth, the laterals a little longer than the median.
The lateral margins of the abdomen fringed with long but very
delicate pale hairs. Anterior legs with numerous, short, curved,
but not pectinate claws. The posterior claws are of two kinds,
the centrals long and slender (fig.2), and the marginals short and
flattened (fig.3) ; all of the same brownish color. The dorso-anal
papillae are long and slender, each with ten long brownish setae.
The four anal blood gills are pointed and slender, but not as long
as the anal prolegs.

The pupa is brownish; length about 3 mm. _ Respiratory
trumpets slender (fig.5), about as long as one of the abdominal

”
ee

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK Veer

segments, the surface with minute, pointed, chitinous scale-like
projections. Body smooth and hairless; the abdominal segments
under the highest magnification minutely punctate; the lateral
margins of the last two segments with four or five pale, slender
filaments. The caudal fin (fig.4) with rounded paddle, and with
small, short, marginal setae.

The imago, female. Head, including front, vertex, back of head,
orbit, and basal antennal joint, yellowish. The second antennal
joint and a triangular spot on vertex polished black; the remain-
ing antennal joints, the dorsal surface of proboscis and palpi deep
fuscous. Thorax, including pleura and pectus, vellowish like the
head, the last sometimes blackish; the dorsum with three dark
brown or black longitudinal stripes, the middle one divided; seu-
tellum and metanotum blackish. Abdomen fuscous, each segment
with a wide dusky yellow, posterior margin; venter dusky yellow,
the hair of scutellum and the first abdominal segment stiff and
black, the remaining abdominal segments with yellowish hairs.
Legs yellowish, the tips of the tibiae and of the metatarsi, and the
whole of the remaining tarsal joints subfuscous or blackish. Fore
metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia. Fourth tarsal
joint obcordate.

Wings subhyaline, hairless, the radial veins yellow, the basal
part of the media and cubitus as far as the crossveins dusky,
the latter also darkened; the other veins pale; R, present, near
the apex of R,; the cubitus forks far distad of the crossveins.
Halteres pale yellow. Length 24 mm. Ithaca N.Y.

12. Procladius pinguis Loew
1861 Tan ypus Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. p.308
(PL2%, fig.3; pl.i9, figs. 3 and 4)

The larva is of a reddish color of almost as deep a shade as a
Chironomus larva. The single larval skin was lost. The
pupa is fuscous; its respiratory trumpets are white, compara-
tively large, with the free end open and larger in diameter than
at any other point. The surface quite smooth. The abdomen is
nearly devoid of setae, excepting the margin of the last two
segments, which are as shown in fig.4, pl.19; each with about five
filaments on each side. The caudal fin is nearly circular in out-
line with a V-shaped notch at the apex, margin ciliate.

_ The imago, female. Black, shining; wings cinereous hyaline,
bare, the heavier veins dark fuscous; halteres white; first pair of
legs pitchy black, bases of femora yellow; middle and hind legs

1384 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

yellow, the extreme tips of the tibiae and the apical half of each
tarsus black. Length 3.3 mm. Wing, 3.1 mm. ope

The species resembles T. nervosus (Huropean), but the
yellow base of the antennae and the white halteres distinguish it
with certainty. Shining pitchy black, palpi fuscous; face and
front sordidly ferruginous; antennae fuscous, the scapus and the
basal joints of the flagellum yellow. Pleura ferruginous; pectus
yellow. The fore legs pitchy black, the coxae and basal third of
each femur yellow; the middle legs yellow, the bases of their
tibiae infuscated, the tips of the tibiae and the part of the tarsus
from the tip of the metatarsus fuscous black; the hind legs yellow,
the tip of tibia and the part of tarsus beyond the tip of the second

joint fuscous black. Halteres yellowish white. Wings cinereous —

hyaline, bare, the more delicate veins pale fuscous, the heavier
ones dark fuscous. New York. pS

To_the above description may be added that in a newly
emerged specimen the dorsum of the thorax is distinctly striped,
with the space between the stripes yellowish. The fourth tarsal
joint is longer than the fifth, and but little broadened. Legs

sparsely haired. Fore tibia about twice as long as its meta-

tarsus. Wing venation as figured. One bred specimen. Ithaca,
N. Y.

13. Procladius scapularis Loew
1866 Tanypus Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. p.2
| (P1.27, fig.4)

Male. The abdomen white and black annulate, the fore tibiae
and the fore metatarsi white excepting their tips.

Female. Abdomen wholly black, the fore legs excepting the
bases of the femora black. Length 3 to 3.7 mm. Wings, 2.5 to
2.7 mm.

Male and female. Black, the humeri and the upper half of the
pleura white, the legs white and black variegated, the wings bare,
with a central black spot covering the crossveins, the Oe tarsal
joint short, obcordate.

Head tie the disk of the occiput pitchy nae: annennere of
the female short, fuscous; of the male antennae the first joint
is black, the flagellum subfuscous, The thorax of the male is
black and opaque, that of the female is pitchy black and sub-
shiny; the humeri, the collar, and the upper half of the pleura
white in both sexes. Scutellum same color as the thorax. Abdo-
men of the male black, excepting the whole of the first two seg-
ments, the posterior margin of the third, the posterior four-fifths
of the fourth, and the posterior one-half of the sixth, which are

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 135

white; the abdomen of the female is wholly black. All the
femora excepting their white bases are black, or pitchy black
in both sexes; the tibiae and fore tarsi of the female are the
same color; those of the male are white, but the tips of the
tibiae and the tarsi from the end of the first joint are black.
The middle and hind tibiae are white, the base and tip widely
black; the middle and hind tarsi black, the first joint except its
tip white; all the fourth tarsal joints of both sexes short,
obcordate. Halteres whitish. Wings bare, subhyaline, with 2
small black spot, which covers the crossvein and anastomoses
with a small spot (also black) on the cubitus. The female differs
in having black middle tibiae each with a white ring. Wash-
mgton, D. C.

A male and a female specimen, the first from New Jersey, the
second from Washington, D. C., in my possession agree perfectly
with the above description. It may be added that the basal two-
thirds of the antennae and its hairs are pale fuscous, the apical

one-third darker.

Genus 16. Anatopynia, new genus
Tanypus Meigen. Illiger’s Mag. 1803 (pt.)

Belongs to the group Tanypus. Antennae fifteen-jointed
in both sexes; wings bare; R, usually present near the tip of R,;
fork of the cubitus slightly proximad of the M-Cu. crossvein.
Type of the genus T. plumipes Fries (1823).

To this genus probably belong also the following European
Species: forcipatus Egger (1863); nudipes Zett. (1850) ;
eonsobrinus Zett.; lactipennis Zett.; morio Zett.;
Pua ttarsis Zett. The species tricolor Lw. (N. Y.),
humeralis Lw. (Cuba) and turpis Zett. (Greenland) may
possibly belong in this genus. See descriptions on p. 127,130. Of
this group Meinert (1886) has figured the respiratory organ of
the pupa of plumipes.

Genus 17. Ablabesmyia, new genus
Tanypus Meigen. 1803 (pt.); Tanypus Skuse. 1889
Antennae 15-jointed (counting basal joint); wings hairy, the
-cubitus forks at or before the M-Cu. crossvein.
For this subdivision Skuse (1889) had proposed to retain the
hame Tanypus Meigen, but this cannot be maintained for
the reasons given on p.125.

136 | NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ;

KEY TO SPECIES OF ABLABESMYIA
Larvae
a Labium with but four teeth, pl.19, fig.5...25. Species from Ithaca, N. Y.
aa Labium with five teeth
b Several claws of the posterior feet stouter and conspicuously darker
colored than the others, pl.19, fig14. Antennae over three times as
lone as: the: mandibles24) eee oe ee oe ee ee 6. monilis
bb Claws of posterior feet all the same color
ce Antennae rather short and stout (pl.20, fig.1) less than 1.5 times
as long as the mandible; sides of abdomen fringed laterally with
ETE Uae hae EEN Procladius adumbratus (q. v.)
cc Antennae over twice as long as the mandibles
d Teeth of labium of about equal length; antennae three times as
long:.as the mandible: sle20s ites Ose eee ec ta bac e eae 4. carnea
dd Not as above
€ Mandible stout at base with distinct tooth near apex; basal
joint of antenna about two thirds of total length, pl.19, figs. 16

ATA 24, 2 Gee ee ver SEA eS eco eee 22. fastuosa Nn. sp.

ee Antenna with its basal joint over three fourths the total length,

pl.a9; fig.1 tobe ht ae RDA oh aR EN eee er a 16. £lavifrons nisps
Pupae

@ Swimming paddle rounded, not sharply notched at apex
b Trumpet rather elongate, over four times as long as wide; swimming
paddle as shown in pl.20, fig.4
Procladius adumbratus (q.'v.)
bb Trumpet short (pl1.19, fig.8) ; swimming paddle as shown on pl.19,
Ol UR Fare. eg es ae arc | WRN at Procladius pinguis (q. v.)
aa Swimming paddle with two pointed lobes

b Thoracic respiratory organ (trumpet) egg-shaped, with very small
aperture, pl l9, Mee, aco. sn cet mre cen iene Cutie cman ee 6. monilis

bb Breathing organ funnel or club-shaped .
c Breathing organ club-shaped, pl.19, fig.2..16. flavifrons n.sp.

ce Breathing organ not of this type
d Swimming paddle rather broad, but little longer fan ate play:
his. 6: 5 Driuimpet.as; SHO yi 1 ies (ee ace eee cet ences 105d yoann
dd Swimming paddles quite pointed

e Paddle and breathing trumpet as shown on pl.19, figs. 18
F210 076 NERA SPP ebay aan a en ial RR OD Ni nek any ae te, et, 22. fastuosa
ec AS shown on (pl20- nes. i ald Se x. cco uate cctme aes Soe 4. carnea

Invagines
a Wings clouded (banded or spotted)
b Legs nearly uniform in color

c Wings uniformly spotted with fuscous; fuscous species; the thorax
with three dusky stripes; legs yellow; length 4.5mm.; female.
(22 diece de nish (Walle) ache se cee onc 1. pictipennis

ce Smaller paler species; the wings with few large bars or spots
d Vhe first fascia of the wing lies distad of the crossvein; length
DIAL TO AWN T sea eee iste tte in 0a le 8 hat oe ene na ne ieee ee 2. bifasciata

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK oe

dd The fascia lies proximad or over the crossvein

e The abdominal segments of the male each have brown posterior
Meareims + head -DEOWD, oo WINN ec. oe. wc ees eco ves Soa BaD EL il BF
ee The abdominal segments of the male have brownish fasciae or
spots near anterior margin of each; the female has a brown-

ish abdomen with paler posterior margins to the segments
f Three to five mm. in length; pale yellowish; abdominal fas-
ciae of the male pale brown; dorsal stripes reddish or

[DID Or roe ee i ee a Pe ar er ra 4. carnea
ff Two and one half mm. or less in length; thorax brownish;
dividing lines cinerous............... 4a. var. a.carnea

bb Legs distinctly bicolored
ec Wings spotted but not banded
d Species with brown or black thorax and abdomen, pl.37, fig.17
Pe RCIA IEG) eyes le waco ae Se wraee sae a 5 pulechripennis
dd Pale (reddish or yellowish) species
e Tibia with three rings; femur with one at the tip (=annu-
ALE COLGAN) BS Ge a eit a GR Ne taal ta pL 6.) mvoO Bails
ee Tibia not with three rings
f Femur with two brownish rings near the apex; wing with
about eleven brown spots (California and New Mexico)
7. venusta
ff Femur with one ring
g Abdomen of male pale yellow, black and brown fasciate;
wing with apex from slightly before tip of R,, grayish
brown and containing several whitish hyaline drops;
leneth > mm. @Washingetonm) 22.252 .2.38 futtularis
gg Abdomen brownish fasciate; wing with apical half with -
many mostly isolated brown spots; length 3 to 4 mm.
RING WA REMC OI thas ct nc ot aicee nk tale vases Rods ana veer a Oo. ba Eber
ce Wing with one or more cross bands
d Yemora and sometimes tibiae also with brown bands
e Wing with median band and apical third of wing brownish,
marked with several hyaline spots; each femur with sub-
apical ring, tibia with basal ring; length 3 to 4 mm.
AOS -@ yeoa.r i
ec Apex of wing with band or spot, but ne hyaline spots in it
f Wings yellow, humeral crossvein brown clouded, brown fascia
across wing-and at apex of vein R,, each femur with
apical and tibia with basal band; tarsi white, apical joint
brown ; length 3 to 3.5 mm. (New Jersey)..11. johnsoni
ff A pale brown cloud near the tip of the wing also; length 3 to
Spa men penn eee ota Gas anda 5 alad eh ates bale ys 12. ornata
dd Femora and tibiae not banded, or with only apices of femora and
either bases or apices of tibiae slightly darkened
e Wing with one faint brown band. Yellow species with three
thoracic stripes, metanotum, spots on pleura and sternum,
brownish black; apices of femora and bases of tibiae brown-
ish; length 3 mm.; female (Alaska)........... 13. algens

138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ee Wing with two cross bands and the apex largely brown, these
bands containing hyaline spots; apices of femora and tibiae
slightly darkened; length 3 mm. (New Hampshire) (com-
Pare <4 Yaw Less. dom eed ere ee ee ee 14. discolor
aa Wings not clouded excepting sometimes the crossvein or a faint smoki-
hess near the apical end
b Pale species
c Species over 3 mm. in length
d. Wholly yellowish "Species: 45.05 2.210 oe) pr eee 15. melanops
dd Abdomen, at least of the male, with brown fasciae
e Thoracic stripes, metanotum, and sternum brown
16. flavifrons n. sp.
ee Thoracic stripes, etc., yellow........... 24. nigropunctata
cc Species less than 2.5 mm. in length ;
d Thorax not striped; pale yellow species
e Length 1.5 to 2 mm., front metatarsus nearly as long as its tibia;
CSt) Vincent islam) nosis ac Oe anne ae eee 17. flaveola
ee Length 1 mm., basal cells of wing short (D. C.)
20. pilosella
dd Thorax with longitudinal stripes
e Abdomen pale yellow; the male with segments two to five with
a band near the base and nearly the whole of the following
segments pale brownish; mouth parts brown; R, present near
the tip of R,; length 1.25 to 25mm. (New Mexico). (A
variety with yellow mouth parts from New York.)
18. pallens
ee Not as above; basal cells of wing short
f Species 1.5 to 2.25mm. long; abdomen brown with ashy ‘pos-
terior margins to the segments; crossvein proximad of the
basal third of the wing (New York and St Vincent Island)
19. indecisa
ff. Species 1 mm. in length (Washington, D. C.)
rs 20. pilosella
ob Darker species
c Halteres pale fuscous; blackish; legs sordidly yellowish brown;
tibiae long-haired; thorax dark; abdomen somewhat shining and
fuscous haired; the R—M crossvein near the middle of the wing;
length 2.5mm. (Greenland)............. 21. tibialis Staeger
ce Not as above
d Length 3mm.; metatarsus about 0.6 as long as the tibia; halteres
WEES, i Fe ee nea oie cae ete ae 2 a erent 22. fastuosa DN.sp.
dd Length 3.5 to 4 mm.; halteres luteous....... 23. hirtipennis

1. Ablabesmyia pictipennis Zetterstedt
18388 Tanypus Zett. Ins. Lappon. 818. (=? T. decedens Walker)
1878 Tanypus O.S. Cat]. Dipt. 22
Female. Fuscous black, pilose; the thorax with three dusky
stripes; the wings white, uniformly sprinkled with fuscous clouds ;
the halteres white; the legs yellow. Length 4.5 mm. This species

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 139

resembles T. nebulosus (an European species) but is a little
smaller, the abdomen is not annulate, the incisures only being
narrowly pallid, and the wings are white, uniformly fuscous
spotted, hairy. Greenland. (Staeger and Lundbeck.)

T. nebulosus mentioned above is a grayish brown fly
about 7 mm. long, with striped thorax and banded abdomen;
legs reddish yellow, the tibiae with dark tips and the tarsi
dusky; wings hairy, clouded; the fork of the cubitus sessile.

The description of Tanypus decedens Walker p.22.
(1848) is as follows: This species resembles T. nebulosus
Meigen, but the spots of the wings are much fainter and the tips
of the thighs and of the shanks are not dark. Length of the body,
4mm. Of the wings 10mm. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River,
Hudson Bay Ter.

; 2. Ablabesmyia bifasciata Coquillett
1901 Tanypus Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 238:609

Male. Differs from johnsoni (see number 11) as follows: Front
‘corners of scutellum brown, apical joint of tarsi white, no brown
band on femora, nor on tibiae, brown of abdomen confined to a
fascia at base of segments 2 to 6 and middle of dorsum of seventh,
(front tarsi wanting), hairs of wings chiefly brown, humeral
crossvein not bordered with brown, the first fascia lies beyond the
small crossvein; length, 4 mm.

Female. Hairs of antennae w hitish, atinnes yellow, destitute
of brown markings, otherwise as in the male. Length 2.5mm. A
specimen of each sex.

Habitat. Riverton, N. J. (C. W. Johnson) ; Pennsylvania; and
Boston, Mass.
do. Ablabesmyia futilis Van der Wulp
isos Danypus Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. ser.2. 2 (X), 130

Fuscous; the abdomen white and fuscous annulate; scutellum,
legs and halteres pale yellow; wings pilose, clouded and spotted ;
fork of the cubitus sessile. Male; length, 3mm.

Male. The head is dark brown, on the eye margins with a paler
sheen ; proboscis and palpi brown; antennae with its hairs yellow-
ish brown. The thorax moderately arched, dark brown, the ante-
rior margin, the humeri, and a pair of longitudinal stripes upon the
dorsum with a whitish sheen; scutellum whitish yellow; meta-
notum blackish. Abdomen transparent whitish, with a broad
brown posterior margin on each segment and a blackish brown
interrupted longitudinal dorsal stripe; the last segment wholly
darkened, somewhat flattened, the last two segments a little broad-

140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ened; the claspers brownish yellow, as long as the last segment;
the hair of the abdomen pale yellow or light brown, very dense
and long. Legs unicolored, pale brownish yellow; the coxae
alone somewhat darker; the fore tarsi not hairy; the fore meta-
tarsus about one fourth shorter than the tibia; the fore femora
upon the flexor surface, as also the whole of the hind legs with a
moderately long, delicate, yellowish hair. Halteres pale yellow
or whitish. Wings hairy, hence grayish, clouded and spotted;
the most conspicuous spot covers the crossveins, another spot
nearer the wing tip between the radius and media, another below
the crossvein not far from the posterior margin; the humeral
crossvein is black; the media is bent downwards a little just be-
fore its ending at the wing tip; the fork of the cubitus begins at
the M-Cu crossvein and is therefore sessile. Translation from the
Dutch of V. d. Wulp. Wisconsin.

4, Ablabesmyia carnea Fabricius
1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Ant. 41, 16
1818 Tanypus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:67, 21
1850 Tanypus Zetterstedt. Dipt. Scand. 9:3620
1864 Tanypus Schiner. Fauna Austriaca. 2:620
1877 Tanypus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerlandica. p.304
1823 Tanypus albipes Fries. Monogr. Tanyp. Suec. 16, 11

(P1.20, figs. 6, 7, 8)

Larva. Larvae from Ithaca, N. Y. Reddish yellow. Head
about three times as long as wide, the antennae slender, three
times as long as the mandible, the first joint three-fourths of the
total length. The labrum smooth above, hairy beneath, with
two short and two more elongate, very slender-jointed papillae.
Mandibles slender, apical tooth black tipped, elongate, lateral
teeth small and irregular. Maxilla with a stout cylindrical
palpus, having a crown of 5 or 6 apparently jointed terminal
joints. The marginal teeth of the labium are rounded, of equal
size and five in number; those of the hypopharynx are minute,
rounded and also of equal size (fig.6, h). ‘The body has a very
few scattered minute setae. Caudal appendages as shown in
pl.19, fig.10. The claws of the posterior legs are very slender,
and the slender, central ones apparently without a basal promi-
nence. Anterior claws quite numerous and slender, not pecti-
nate. 3
Pupa. Yellowish; length 4mm. Respiratory trumpet cucum-
ber shaped with basal end somewhat curved and tapering (pl.20,
fig.7); near the base of each is an arcuate transverse line of
short, pale, blunt tubercles. Abdominal segments nearly devoid
of setae. The caudal fin (pl.20, fig.8) consists of two pointed

rE ————— OO a ee

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 141

processes, each with a pair of pale, slender filaments, and on the
lateral margin of each of the last two segments are four or five of
such filaments. .

Imago. Male and female. Pale yellow, wings marked, legs
pale yellow. Length 5 to 5 mm.

Male. Head pale yellow, including basal joint of the antenna.
Antennae yellowish brown, eyes black, palpi and apex of the
proboscis fuscous. Thorax pale yellow with three wide buff-
colored stripes; or it may be said that the dorsum of the thorax
is buff-colored, having three fine whitish lines, upon each of
which there is a close row of pale hairs. In some lights the
anterior part of the thorax, a space in front of the scutellum
and the scutellum have a whitish sheen. Pleura, metanotum
and sternum are yellow or buff-colored, the first has 3 brownish
bars or spots; the last has its sides brownish. The abdomen is
pale yellow; near the anterior margin of each segment is a trans-
verse row of brown spots; these are sometimes confluent and
thus form bands; the last two or three segments are more
brownish. Genitalia conspicuous, pale yellow. The hairs on
abdomen and genitalia pale. Legs, including coxae, cream.
white, the hairs pale, apex of each tibia with a very minute black
comb with one tooth prolonged into a spur. Fore metatarsus
more than three-fourths as long as its tibia. Wings hairy; a
brown cloud covering the crossveins, a larger paler cloud at the
tip of R, extending nearly across the wing, but very faintly
beyond the media; a third faint cloud at the apex of Cu, extend-
ing to the media; a fourth very faint one in the anal cell. Veins
pale, except the crossveins which appear dark. Some of the
.Spots on the wing in some specimens coalesce so their wings
may be said to have two cross bands. Halteres white.

Female. Differs from the male in having pale yellow e~ten-
nae; palpi sometimes pale, abdomen yellow, the posterior margin
of the segments with a whitish sheen. The wings are broader.

Var. a. female. Differs from the above in having the anterior
end of all three dorsal stripes tipped with dark brown, and two
small dark brown spots on the middle of the median stripe.
Metanotum with a white central line, pleura with three brown
dashes, two vertical and one horizontal. Several specimens.
Fihaca N. Y.

Var. b. female. Differs from a typical specimen in having a
deeper yellow thorax, brownish stripes, yellowish brown meta-
thorax, pleura and sternum yellowish brown or brownish.
Abdominal segments with indistinct yellowish posterior mar-
gins. Legs yellow, last two tarsal joints infuscated. Several
Specimens. Ithaca N. Y.

142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘Var. c. male. Yellowish brown; length 2 to 2.5 mm. Thorax,
including pleura, sternum, and metanotum reddish brown, scutel-
lum and humeri yellow, dorsum of thorax with three indistinct
longitudinal] stripes darker brown. By oblique light it appears
as if there were four dark brown stripes and five narrow whitish
ones. Abdomen yellowish white, with the anterior margin of

each segment blackish, this color produced backward on the |

dorsal and ventral surface in a fine line, forming broken longi-
tudinal stripes. Posterior segments and the genitalia more
brownish.

Female like the male, but the abdomen is brown, with slightly
paler posterior margins. Ithaca N. Y.

5. Ablabesmyia pulcripennis Lundbeck
1898 Tanypus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.293
(P1.37, fig.17)

Male. Thorax cinereous black, with three wide black stripes,
the median one posteriorly, the two lateral ones anteriorly ab-
breviated, the former divided by a fine longitudinal line, the in-
termediate space and the lateral margin of the dorsum with
erect black pile; scutellum and metathorax black, the sternum
and the sides of the thorax cinereous. Abdomen slender, black,
with dense brown pile, the claspers quite large, shining, pilose.
Antennae brownish. Legs brown or dusky, tibiae and tarsi
white annulate. Halteres yellow. Wings densely clothed with
hairs, and therefore cloudy; at the costal margin yellowish

tinged, the costal veins pale brown, the others not colored. The .

venation as shown on pl.37, fig.17. The legs have long pile, the
fore metatarsus is one-third shorter than the tibia.

Female. The female is shorter and stouter than the male, the
legs are a little paler, the femora yellow, with the tips blackish
brown. Legs all with shorter and less dense pile, the antennae
brown, shorter than the thorax, in other respects like the male.
Greenland. Translation.

6. Ablabesmyia monilis Linne

1758 Tipula Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. X. p.587

1767 Tipula Linn, Syst. Nato ced! Xil.; 2-975

1804 Chironomus Meigen. Klass. 1:19, 24

1818 Tanypus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:60

1850 Tanypus Meig. Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3613

1864 Tanypus Meig. Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:620

1877 Tanypus Meig. Wulp. Dipt. Neer]. 1:302

1776 Tipula maculatus Degeer. Mem. Vhist. Ins. 6:394

1823 Tanypus annulatus Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 3:15

adie tins ma) Ne il Lil,

a a

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 143

(P19, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and pl.27, fig.6)

Larva. The larvae were found in Ithaca and Saranac Inn,

N. Y. They are yellow with brown markings; length 6-7 mm.
Head brown, about twice as long as wide; antennae slender,
2.5 times as long as the mandibles, the basal joint about six-
sevenths of the whole length. Mandible slender (fig.14 md) the
apex black and sharp, the two lateral teeth short and sharp.
Maxilla (mx) large with a mesad projecting process; its palpus
(p) jointed, about one-half as long as the mandible, with a pair
of apical papillae. Labium (1) with five black teeth, the laterals
larger and longer than the median; hypopharynx (h) with a
toothed margin, excepting its middle section (covered by the
labium) which connects the lateral parts. The anterior claws
are numerous, slender, curved at the tip but not pectinate. The
abdomen is glabrous. The posterior appendages resemble those
shown in fig.10, having elongate dorsal papillae each with about
six apical setae. The claws of the anal prolegs differ from those
of allied species in having two on each foot stouter, and much
darker colored (fig.12) than the others (fig.11). Besides the stout
dark ones there are the usual number of paler, stout marginals,
and slender centrals.
. Pupa. Dark yellow, mottled; length 3.5 to 4 mm. Regpira-
tory organs ellipsoidal, dark colored (fig.13), smooth surfaced,
the polygonal areas of the chitin distinctly visible. The apical
aperture minute. At the base upon the thorax there is a trans-
verse row of small, sharp tubercles. The surface of the abdomen
without hairs, excepting the lateral margin of the last two seg-
ments, which have four or five long filaments. The caudal fin
has two pointed lobes each with a pair of filaments.

Imago. Whitish; antennae of the male with pale brown hairs;
of the female still paler; palpi yellowish. Thorax pale ashgray
with five narrow longitudinal stripes, with wider intermediate
spaces; the fine Jines with hairs; scutellum reddish yellow,
metanotum brownish black. Abdomen of the male with a more
or less distinct interrupted longitudinal stripe, which broadens
on the last segments; the claspers whitish, rather short (p1.32,
fig.3). In the female the abdomen is wholly dark brown. Legs
white, with narrow brown rings, one just before the tip of the
femur, three on the tibia, two on the first tarsal joint and one
on each of the following joints. In the male the fore tarsi and
the hind legs are short haired; the fore metatarsus about one-
fourth shorter than the tibia. Halteres white; wings with a
whitish tint, hairy, with brown bordered crossveins and many
brownish gray spots. R, is present, near the tip of R,; the cubitus
forking proximad of the crossvein. Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.

144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

I can not distinguish the American specimens from those
which I have from Europe. The marks upon the abdomen of
the male are quite variable; in some specimens they are simply
spots on the posterior lateral margins of the segments, in others
they form a broken median dorsal stripe, and in still others they
are almost entirely wanting. The male genitalia in some speci-
ments are somewhat brownish. The dark spots upon the wing
are arranged as follows: One on the humeral crossvein, one on
the discal crossveins, one at the tip of R;, and one at the tip of
R,,;- The paler spots are larger than the darker ones. There

is one below the tip of R,,;, one in the middle of cell R,,;, a

small one at the tip of the median, and one at the tip of each
branch of the cubitus, one or two in the median cell and several
in the anal cell. The fork of the cubitus is also clouded. Some
of these spots are not always distinct because the color is due
to the darker colored hairs, which are easily rubbed off. The
wing of the female is usually darker than that of the male.

(P1.27, fig.6.) Specimens from New Jersey, Illinois, Ithaca, N. Y.,

South Dakota. — ve

Osten Sacken, in a note in his catalogue of the North American
Diptera (1878), first calls attention to the fact that T. annu-
latus Say and monolis Linn. may be synonymous. I have

compared the North American species, which agree perfectly with

Say’s description, with specimens of monilis from Europe,
and I can find no differences. For the sake of comparison, Say’s
description is given below.

Tanypus annulatus Say
Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 3:15. 1823

Tergum annulate with dusky; wings clouded with dusky and
with three or four blackish points. Inhabits Pennsylvania.

Head and stethidium red-brown; thorax, the anterior dilated
line with a ‘brown line along its middle; feet white, thighs having
an annulus near the tip, and tibia with one at base and two near
the tip fuscous; wings with large, obsolete, dusky, spots or
clouds, and three or four ‘black-brown points, of which two are
toward the middle of the°wing, and the remainder on the costal
margin near the tip; tergum segments with a dusky annulus at
their bases. Length about 3/20 in. ‘Male.

SS ee

———— ee ee eee

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 145

| 7. Ablabesmyia venusta Coquillett
7902 ‘Tanypus Cog. Proc. U: S. Nat. Mus. 25:91
(P1.27, fig.8)

Male. Head black, mouth parts brown, antennae pale yellow,
middle of joints of basal half and whole of the apical joint brown,
the hairs brown and yellowish; thorax black, opaque, mottled
with grayish pruinose spots and lines; scutellum yellowish, its
narrow base, stripe in middle, and nearly whole of under side
dark brown; abdomen whitish, an interrupted band on the hind
end of the first five segments and nearly the whole of the follow-
ing segments brown; legs yellow, two bands near apex of each
femur, one near base of each tibia, also apices of tibiae and of joints
of tarsi brown; wings covered with hairs, hyaline, marked with
about 11 brown spots located at extreme base of wing, on
humeral crossyein, before middle of axillary cell, beyond middle
of anal cell, on the central crossveins, near middle of cell R,,;
near apex of this cell, beyond middle of cell M and of cell Cu, and
at the apices of the vein R, and of R,; R, near its apex connected
with R, by R,; cubitus forks slightly before the crossvein. Length
4mm. Los Vegas Hot Springs, N. M.

Four male specimens from Leland Stanford jr. University,
California, agree with the description given by Mr. Coquillett,
excepting that the fasciae at the posterior margins of the abdomi-
nal segments are not interrupted, but are produced forward a
little at the middle. Upon the ventral surface of each segment
in front of the posterior margin there is a black spot. The large
basal joint of the antenna and the genitalia are brown. Hal-
teres yellow.

Four female specimens from the same place are like the male,
but the antennae are wholly fuscous, and the abdomen is darker,
with more yellowish, and the venter is brown. The fore meta-
tarsus is about six tenths as long as its tibia.

8. Ablabesmyia guttularis Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat..Mus. 25:92

Head and its members dark brown, joints two to four of an-
tennae, apices of the other short ones, and a space before the apex,
light yellow, plumosity brown, changing into whitish at the apices;
thorax black, opaque, gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with
three indistinct dark vittae, the middle one divided by a median
black line prolonged to the scutellum, the latter light yellow;
the abdomen pale yellowish, first segment with two brown vittae,
the others with a black fascia before the middle of each, hairs of

146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

each segment consisting of an anterior whorl and a posterior
transverse pair of clusters; legs light yellow, coxae black, a brown
band before apex of each femur and another beyond base of each
tibia, apices of tibiae and of tarsi brown, front tarsi ciliate with
several rather long hairs; wings wholly covered with hairs, whitish
hyaline, from base to small crossvein marked with four brown
spots, one on humeral crossvein, two in anal cell, and one before
apex of basal cell R, passing over the crossvein at apex of basal cell
M and reaching the wing margin, where it is greatly extended
and rather faint; a brown spot at base of vein R,.,, apex of wing
from slightly before the tip of R, grayish brown and containing
several whitish hyaline drops; R, near its tip connected with R,
‘by the oblique R,; halteres whitish; length 5 mm. ‘Two males.
Pullman, Washington.

To the above description I may add that the female differs from
the male in having the abdominal segments more yellowish, with
narrow basal fasciae, and the wing markings are somewhat darker,
the anal cell being brown with several hyaline spots; length 4 mm.
Five females. Pullman, Washington. °

9. Ablabesmyia barberi Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:90

Male. Yellowish white, apices and a broad band at middle of
antennae; three vittae on mesonotum; the metanotum, spots on
the pleura and sternum, black; mouth parts, a band near bases
of segments 2 to 5; the whole of the following segments except
their hind borders, also apices of femora, both ends of tibiae,
apices of first four joints of tarsi and whole of last one, pale
brownish; mesonotum opaque, gray pruinose; hairs of the an-
tennae pale yellowish; wings covered with hairs, hyaline, from the
base to the small crossvein marked with three brown spots, one
on the humeral crossvein and two behind the anal vein; from small
crossvein to wing tip are many, mostly isolated, brown spots;
R, near its apex connected with R, by the oblique R,; cubitus
forks slightly before the crossvein; length 4 mm.

Female. Like the male except that there is no black ring at
middle of the antennae, and the abdomen is dark brown, chang-

ing into yellow at the apex, the broad hind margins of the seg-

ments whitish; length 8 mm. Las Vegas, Hot Springs N. M.

10. Ablabesmyia dyari Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Cog. Ent. News. p.85
(P1.19, fig.7, and pl.27, fig.9)
The pupa is figured and briefly described by Doctor H. G.
Dyar (1902) p.56. He says, “It resembles a Culex pupa,

k
y
P
.

— Ss eo 3

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 147

has the same habits, resting at the surface of the water with
the slender funnel-shaped prothoracic air tubes penetrating the
surface film and quickly descends when disturbed. The anal
paddles resemble those of Culex, but are more hairy.”

This species was also bred in a laboratory jar at Ithaca N. a
the larva having been collected from one of the ponds in the
vicinity. The empty larval skin of the single specimen was lost.

Pupa. Fuscous green. Respiratory trumpet (pl.19, fig.7)

somewhat elongate, its free end open, the surface rugose. There
are no blunt setae near the base. Body nearly devoid of setae,
excepting the margin of the last two segments, which have four
or five lateral filaments each. The caudal fin consists of two
pointed lobes with ciliate margins (pl.19, fig.6).
_ Imago. Male and female. Yellowish brown, the scutellum,
abdomen, halteres and legs pale yellowish, the abdomen chang-
ing into yellowish brown toward the apex and with a similarly
colored band on the preceding segments except the first, a brown-
ish band before apex of each femur and near the base of each
femur and near base of each tibia; antennal plumosity of male
brown mixed with whitish and changing into white at the apex;
mesonotum, opaque, grayish pruinose, the three vittae indistinct,
yellowish brown; abdominal segments 2 to 6 bearing near the
‘base a dorsal cluster of rather long brown hairs; front tibiae
only pubescent, their tarsi bearing a few rather long hairs, middle
and hind tibiae densely covered with such hairs; wings densely
haired, hyaline, a median band and the apical third brownish and
marked with several hyaline spots; median band very irregular,
greatly contracted at the middle and expanded at each end, the
median crossvein about at its middle and clouded with darker
brown, the hyaline spots principaily situated near the hind mar-
gin of the wing; brown at apex of wing contains about eight
hyaline spots and dots; cubitus forks slightly before the cross-
vein; length 3 to 4 mm. Washington D.C.; New York; Massa-
chusetts; South Dakota; Pennsylvania, and Michigan.

In an immature specimen the parts of the body described
above as yellowish are more or less green. Wing venation as
figured on pl.27, fig.9. The fore metatarsus is but little over one-
half as long ag its tibia.

11. Ablabesmyia johnsoni Coquillett
1901 Tanypus Coq: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23:609
Male. Yellow, the scutellum, halteres, and tarsi white; apical

joint of the latter, a band before apex of each femur and near
base of each tibia brown, abdomen whitish, each segment with

148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

an irregular brown mark, composed principally of two median
vittae and a posterior arcuate fascia, most distinct on the median
segments, on the apical ones expanded so as to cover nearly the
entire dorsum; hairs of antennae mixed pale yellow and brown,
their apices chiefly whitish, mesonotum opaque, whitish pruinose;
in certain lights three dark yellow vittae are visible; front tarsi
clothed with very short hairs, the first joint two-thirds as long
as the tibia; wings whitish hyaline, almost wholly covered with
yellow hairs, humeral crossvein bordered with brown, a broad
pale brownish fascia crosses the wing just before the small cross-
vein, and a second slightly broader one at apex of R,, cubitus fork-
ing a short distance before the small crossvein; length 3.5 mm.

Female. Differs from the male as follows: Abdomen with
dark yellow mottlings, destitute of brown markings, hairs of
antennae whitish, vittae of mesonotum more distinct; length 3
mm. Riverton N. J.

12. Ablabesmyia ornata Meigen
1838 Tanypus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 14, 7:31
1864 Tanypus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:620
1877 Tanypus V.d Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.304

Male. Pale yellow; the antenna and its hairs of the male
pale brown. Thorax with three deeper yellow stripes; the two
lateral ones bounded anteriorly by a fine brown or black line,
which is continued over the pleura to the base of the wing; meta-
notum brownish. Abdomen with slightly darkened incisures; the
last segments of the male brownish yellow; claspers yellowish,
quite stout. Legs whitish; near the apex of the femur a brownish
ring; the tips of the tibiae slightly browned; fore metatarsus a
little shorter than the tibia; fore tarsi of the male slightly ciliate.
Halteres white. Wings hairy, pale yellow, with two cross bands
and a dark spot at the anterior margin a short distance from the
tip; the crossveins blackish bordered; the venation as usual.
Length 5.5 mm.

Var. a. female. Differs from the above in having the abdomen
with mottled dark brown irregular fascia on each segment. The
fore metatarsus about three-fourths as long as its tibia.

Var. b. female. Differs from the typical form in having three
distinct, opaque, ferruginous thoracic stripes, humeri white, an-

terior margin of the dorsum narrowly blackened; no blackish

pleural spots; metanotum and sides of scutellum ferruginous or
brownish. Albdomen brown, segments with paler posterior mar-
gins. The brown clouds on the wings so coalesce that the wings
may be described as having two wide, irregular cross bands, one
before the middle and one between the middle and the tip; cross-
veins almost black. Several specimens, Ithaca, N. Y.

t 4
—— oe 7 oe

Ss eee ee Ee a si

:
a
‘

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 149

13. Ablabesmyia algens Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Cog. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 25:90

Female. Yellow, three vittae on the mesonotum; the metano-
tum, spots on the pleura, and the sternum, brownish black ; mouth
parts, apices of femora, and bases of tibiae brownish; mesonotum
grayish pruinose, the vittae somewhat polished; wings covered
with hairs, hyaline, crossed at the middle by a faint brownish
band which extends from small crossvein half way to the wing
tip; R, near its apex connected with R, by the oblique R,; cubitus
forks slightly before the crossvein; length 3 mm. Popoff Island,
Alaska.

14. Ablabesmyia discolor Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Coq. Proc. U.S. Nat: Mus. 25:89

Female. Yellowish brown; antennae, scutellum, large portion
of abdomen, legs except apices of femora and tibiae, also the
halteres, yellow; mesonotum grayish pruinose, most dense at the
humeri and in front of scutellum; wings whitish hyaline; two
crossbands and the apex largely brown; the first band is on a
line with the humeral crossvein, and along costa is broadly con-
nected with the second band, which is located at the small cross-
vein; behind the cubitus the second band is prolonged to meet
the brown at apex of wing; the latter begins a short distance
before the apices of R, and of Cu,, and encloses a large hyaline
spot in apex of cell M and cell Cu,, also two yellowish costal
spots; the brown along the costa comprises two spots of a darker
color than the remainder of the brown at the apex of the wing,
and between the first of these spots and the preceding brown
band is a large yellow costal spot; wings densely covered with
hairs, which are yellowish on the hyaline portions and brown
on the dark spots; R, connected with R, a short distance before
its tip by the oblique R,. Cubitus forks slightly before the cross-
vein. Length 3mm. ‘New Hampshire.

15. Ablabesmyia melanops Wied. (Meig.)
1818 Tanypus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:65, 18
1850 Tanypus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:38621
1864 Tanypus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:621
isi, Tanypus V.d. Wulp. ‘Dipt. Neerl. p.306
nae Pipula ?arwndineti L. Fauna Suec. ed. II. p.484
1838 Tanypus Meig. Syst. Besch. 1:66, 19
1823 Tanypus bicolor Fries. Monogr. Tanyp. Suec. 17, 12

Pale reddish yellow, including the antennae, palpi, legs and
halteres; eyes black. Thorax with three reddish longitudinal
stripes, the median one divided; the intermediate spaces and the

150 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

flattened area in front of scutellum with a whitish sheen. Abdo-
men of the male whitish; the posterior segments sometimes with
reddish longitudinal stripes. The abdomen of the female a pale
flesh color. Legs almost white. Fore metatarsus about three
fourths the length of its tibia; the fore tarsi of the male and the
hind legs hairy. Wings whitish, unspotted, with pale hairs and
almost colorless veins; R, short, near the tip of R, appearing
like a crossvein, but difficult to see on account of the hairs; the
cubitus forks proximad of the crossvein, the latter being proxi-
mad of the middle of the wing. Length 3.5 to 45 mm. Speci-
mens from Ithaca, N. Y., Michigan, Nebraska and New Jersey.
I can not distinguish the American specimens from those which
I have from Europe. The dorsal stripes of the thorax are buff-
colored, but they are usually distinct...

Var. b. female. Thoracic stripes reddish. Length 2.5 mm.
From Ithaca, N. Y.

16. Ablabesmyia flavifrons n. sp.

Larva. The larvae were found rather abundantly in a small
ditch of flowing water. Ithaca, N. Y. |

Sordidly white, slightly mottled with brownish; length 9 mm.
Head pale brown, about 1.5 times as long as wide; the parts of
the head resemble those figured on pl.20, fig.6. The antennae are
about 2.5 times as long as the mandible, the basal joint being
nearly seven eighths of the whole length. The maxilla is large,
the palpus prominent but shorter and stouter than that shown in
the above-mentioned figure (compare figs. 1 and 14). The labrum,
hypopharynx, and the feet are like those of mionilis (pl.19,
fig.14), but all the claws of the posterior feet are of the same
color.

Pupa. The only essential difference between this pupa and that
of monilis (pl.19, fig.8) is the absence of the row of tubercles
at the base of the breathing trumpet and the form of the trumpet.
The latter is rather small, about two thirds as long as the third
abdominal segment, enlarged at the apical end (p1.19, fig.2).

Imago, male. Yellowish white and brown. Abdomen fasciate.
Legs pale. Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.

Head yellow, palpi and tip of proboscis subfuscous; basal joint
of the antenna dusky, flagellum brown with brown hairs, second —
antennal joint yellow. Pleura, scutellum and dorsum of thorax
pale yellow, the last with three broad, dull brown stripes, the
middle one divided; sternum, and metanotum blackish. Abdomen
pale yellow, the anterior third or half of each segment brown;
genitalia and venter pale yellow. Legs yellowish, tarsi some-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 151

times slightly darker, extreme tip of each tibia with black speck ;
fourth tarsal joint linear; fore metatarsus about three fourths as
long as its tibia; fore tarsi and middle and hind legs with rather
long hairs. Wings hyaline, pale yellow haired, crossvein not
clouded; R, present near the tip of R,, cubitus forking slightly
before ine crossvein. (P1.27, fig.11.) Halteres pale.

Female. Antennae wholly yellow, except fuscous apical joint;
abdomen dusky yellow, posterior margins of segments slightly
paler. —

This species agrees with the description of nigropuncta-
tus Staeger (1839), but the sternum and metanotum are dusky
and not yellowish. Several bred specimens Ithaca, N. Y.; Idaho;
Pullman, Washington.

17. Ablabesmyia flaveola Williston
1896 Tanypus Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.275

Male. Posterior forked cell not petiolate; wings hairy; front
metatarsi nearly as long as their tibiae. Light yellow; antennae
brownish, the plumosity gray; abdomen somewhat infuscated
towards the tip; legs light yellow throughout, with rather abun-
dant light yellow hair; wings hyaline, clothed moderately densely
with gray hair. Length 1.5 to 2mm. St Vincent Island, West
Indies.

18. Ablabesmyia pallens Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Cog. Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:91

Male. Head brown, mouth parts and basal joint of antennae
concolorous, remainder of antennae yellow, the hairs brown and
whitish; thorax whitish, three vittae on mesonotum, metanotum,
spots on the pleura and sternum dark yellow; abdomen pale yel-
low, a band near base of segments 2 to 5 and nearly the whole
of the following segments, pale brownish; legs and halteres
whitish; wings hyaline, covered with hairs, R, near its apex con-
nected with R. by the oblique R,; cubitus forks slightly before
the crossvein; length 2.5 mm.

Female. Abdomen wholly yellow, otherwise as in the male;
length, slightly over 1 mm. Las Vegas, Hot Springs, N. M.;
New Jersey, (Johnson, ’04).

Var. a, (pl.27, fig.14.)

Male. Dorsum of thorax with three wide fuscous stripes,
humeri and scutellum yellow, the latter perhaps a little darker.
Pleura brown, metanotum and sternum blackish. Palpi and pro-
boscis yellow. Specimens from Ithaca, N. Y.

152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

19. Ablabesmyia indecisa Williston
1896 Tanypus Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.276
(Pl.27, figs. 12-and-13)

Male and female. Wings hairy; posterior forked cell not petio-
late; front metatarsi shorter than their tibiae. Head and basal
joint of the antennae reddish yellow; palpi and the remainder of
the antennae brownish yellow; antennal plumosity of the
male gray, towards the tip blackish. Thorax reddish, yellow;
bare, opaque, with three slender, reddish brown stripes in front,
separated by ashy intervals; on each side posteriorly mith an
elongate brown spot, the middle of which is ashy; scutellum light
yellow; metanotum brownish red. Abdomen slender; opaque
brown, the posterior angles and borders of the segments ashy;
the yellow of the venter sometimes encroaches upon the brown
of the dorsum; sixth and seventh segments more distinctly yel-
low; the seventh and eighth segments with the posterior portion
blackish. Legs yellow, less hairy than in A. flaveola. Wings
hyaline, moderately hairy. Length 1.5 to 2.25 mm. St Vincent

Island. |

I have compared my male specimens with the cotype male speci-
men from the St Vincent collection of Cornell university, and
cannot detect any differences.

Var. a. (fig.12). Male and female; agrees with Williston’s de-
scription, excepting that there are but two reddish brown stripes
in front (i.e. the usual middle stripe with a very slender dividing
line) ; and all the abdominal segments are marked alike with ashy
borders.

To Williston’s description of the normal species the following
may be added: The brown of each segment of the abdomen more
intense just in front of the ashy posterior margin. The abdomen
of the female is reddish brown, the incisures yellow and the mar-
gins of the segments ashy. Specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., and
Pennsylvania.

20. Ablabesmyia pilosella Loew
1866 Tanypus Loew. Berl. Wnt. Zeit. p.5

Female. ‘Testaceous or subfuscous, with pale pile, the dorsum
of the thorax without stripes, the scutellum, legs and antennae
very pale, the last with long pile and toward the tip blackish, the ~
wings thickly pilose, subcinereous, the basal cells short. Length
tmm. Wing 1.2 to 1.3 mm:

Small, opaque, testaceous or subfuscous. The antennae ordi-
nary, pale, blackish towards the tip, clothed with very long pile,
the last joint not thickened. The dorsum of the thorax without

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 153

the usual stripes, sometimes whitish; scuttellum pale. Legs and
halteres whitish; wings thickly pilose, subcinereous, the costal
margin somewhat yellowish, the basal cells short. Translation.
(Loew.) District of Columbia.

Through the kindness of Mr 8. Henshaw of Cambridge, Mass.,
who examined the type for me, I may add that the fork of the
cubitus begins before the M-Cu. crossvein; the basal cells are
short, one third or less than the wing in length, and the abdomen
is brownish.

21. Ablabesmyia tibialis Staeger
1845 Tanypus Staeger. Groenl. Antl. Nat. Tids. 2 den. R. B. I. 354

Blackish; halteres and legs pale fuscous, hind tibiae of the male

long pilose; wings grayish, hairy. Length 2.5 mm.

Male. The blackish body is without markings; thorax dark;
abdomen is somewhat shining and fuscous haired. The legs are
sordidly yellowish brown, sparsely haired; the tibiae, particularly
the hind pair, are long-haired. The wings are covered with gray
hairs; the vein R, runs parallel with the wing margin and ends
one third the wing length from the tip, R,., ends near the tip,
the oblique R-M crossvein being near the middle of the wing; the
media is slender and ends at the wing tip; the fork of the cubitus
lies directly under the R-M crossvein- the M-Cu. crossvein is
vertical (its position is not stated by Staeger) ; the branches of
the radius are stout, but the cubitus and the anal veins are nearly
invisible.

Lundbeck (1898) p.294 describes the female as follows:

Female. Resembles the male, but the abdomen is shorter and
stouter; the wings are wider and the veins are a little stouter;
with long pile on the hind tibiae, though not so long as that of
the male; in other respects like the male.

Greenland (Staeger and Lundbeck).

22. Ablabesmyia fastuosa n. sp.
(P1.19, figs. 16-19)

A single larva from Eddy pond, Ithaca, N. Y., in April.

Larva. Reddish, length about 7 mm. Head brown, rather
Short; about 14 times as long as wide; antennae more than twice
as long as the mandible. The basal joint about two thirds of
total length (fig.17). Mandible resembles that of monilis,
but with a broader lateral tooth (fig.16). Maxilla prominent with
long palpus, hypopharynx and labium like that of monilis;
the latter, however, has teeth in the middle shorter than the
lateral ones, while the former has the teeth nearly equal in length.

154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Feet as usual, all claws of the same brownish color. Dorso-anal
papillae with six to eight setae. Blood gills asin monilis.

Pupa. Pale fuscous. Length about4 mm. Breathing trumpet
(fig.18) about three times as long as broad, with large apical
‘aperture, its surface spinose scaled. The surface of the abdomen
under a very high magnification appears finely punctate. The
lateral margin of the last two segments with the usual 4 or 5
filaments. The caudal fin (fig.19) has two pointed lobes, the sur-
face covered with minute spinose scales. |

Imago. Female, fuscous, legs and wings unmarked, the latter
hairy and with darkened crossvein. Length about 3 mm.

Head, including palpi, proboscis, and antennae fuscous; eyes |
black. Thorax, including pectus, pleura, scutellum and metano-
tum fuscous; the dorsum, with the humeri, space in front of
scutellum and three fine longitudinal lines more cinereous, in
some lights the other parts appear more cinereous. Hairs dusky,
abdomen fuscous, posterior margins of the segments cinereous;
the hairs pale. The legs pale fuscous; the extreme tips of the
tibiae darker... Fore metatarsus 0.6 as long as its tibia. The
wings subhyaline, hairy, unmarked, crossveins and the radius ©
darker than the other veins, crossveins specially distinct, R,
present; cubitus forks a little proximad of the crossvein. Hal-
teres white. Bred specimen. Ithaca, N. Y. Michigan. A
specimen from Pullman, Wash., has dorsum of thorax and scutel- —
lum yellowish, the three dorsal stripes distinct, dull brownish
black.

23. Ablabesmyia hirtipennis Loew.
1866 Tanypus Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeit. (Centur. VII). p.5

Female. Wholly fuscous, wings about the same color, thickly
pilose, crossveins black, all of the tarsal joints linear. Length
3.5 t0o3.8mm. Wing 4.1 to 4.2 mm.

Fuscous; antennae, the posterior margin of each of the
abdominal segments and the femora, excepting the tip, rather
paler, palpi darker; the tarsi long in proportion, dark fuscous
toward the tip, all its joints linear, decreasing in length, the last
one shorter than the one preceding. Wings cinereous fuscous,
thickly covered with long fuscous pile, the veins as is usual with
the species of this genus, the crossveins black, the others sub-
fuscous, R,.; running into the margin of the wing near its tip.
Translation. Maine.

Mr. S. Henshaw of Cambridge, Mass., who kindly examined the
type for me, writes that the fork of the cubitus begins proximad
of the crossvein, the halteres are luteous, and the thorax is
striped.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 155

24, Ablabesmyia nigropunctata Staeger.

1839 Tanypus Staeger. Krodjer; Nat. Tidsskr. 2:589, 16
1850 Tanypus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3624
1864 Tanypus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:621

Male and female. Whitish; antennae pale; eyes black. Thorax
in dried specimens yellow, in life with a reddish tinge; dorsal
stripes pale; sternum and metathorax yellow; scutellum white.
Abdomen whitish, slender in the male, pilose, the last three
segments a little wider, each segment with a brown, basal trans-
verse fascia on dorsal surface, venter spotless; anal appendages
white. Abdomen of the female stouter, pubescent, spotless.
Wings white, spotless; hatleres white. Legs white; fore meta-
tarsus about one fourth shorter than its tibia. Fore legs of the
male without long hairs. Pullman, Washington.

25. Ablabesmyia (?) sp.

A larva from Beebe lake, Ithaca, N. Y., is yellow; 5 or 6 mm.
long; resembles P.adumbratus in having a short head, com-
paratively short antennae and in shape of the mandible; but
differs in having but four marginal teeth in the labium (pl.19,
fig.5) and in having rather more slender marginal claws in the
posterior feet.

Genus 18. Isoplastus Skuse.
Proc. Linn. Soe. N. 8. W. p.279. 1889

Antennae in the male 15-jointed, in the female 12-jointed.
Wings pubescent. Marginal crossvein (R,) and second longi-
tudinal vein (R,) pale and indistinct. Fork of the cubitus with
its base at base of M-Cu. crossvein.

This genus was erected to contain several Australian species.
It may later be found that this genus can not be separated from
Ablabesmyia in which case the name Isoplastus has
precedence.

Genus 19. Tanypus Meigen.
Illiger’s Magaz. (part.) p.261. 1803

One of the subdivisions of the old genus Tanypus of
Meigen. Wings hairy; cubitus forks distad of the M-Cu. cross-
vein, and is therefore petiolate. |

‘Skuse (1889) gives the name Tanypus to the group having
hairy wings and the fork of the cubitus sessile; but since Meigen
gave the species cinctus (—punctipennis) as the repre-
sentative of the genus, and since it possesses a petiolate cubitus,

156 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

it appears to me that the name should be retained for species
having this character.

KEY TO SPECIES OF TANYPUS

Imagines
a Wings clouded (banded or spotted)
b Legs nearly uniform in color; wings uniformly spotted with fuscous ;
thorax with three dusky stripes; legs yellow; length 4.5mm.;

KEMIDIE Sealy cole tere eearc ome te Ablabesmyia pictipennis
bb Legs distinctly bicolored. Femora brownish with white subapical
rings; abdomen blackish (New York and Texas)....1. stellatus

aa Wings not clouded, excepting sometimes the crossveins or a faint smoki-
ness near apical end; dusky species
b Halteres pale fuscous; blackish species; legs sordidly yellowish
brown; wings grayish, hairy; tibia long-haired; thorax dark; abdo-
men somewhat shining and fuscous haired ; anterior crossvein in the
middle of wing; length 2.5mm. (Greenland)
21. Ablabesmyia tibialis
bb Not as above.
ce Seutellum black ; legs usually brownish or black
d Apical half of wing smoky ; abdomen brown. .4. culiciformis
dd Apical half of wing not smoky
e Thorax gray with black stripes; abdomen cinereous black;
M-—Cu crossvein far proximad of the fork of the cubitus; hal-
* teres sordidly yellow; fore metatarsus but little more than
half as long as the tibia; length 2 to 3.25 mm.
2. posticalis
ee Thorax with lateral ferruginous stripes; crossveins clouded; .
fore metatarsus about three fourths as long as its tibia;
length: 4mmiey. seers eo ea ci hee prea eee 3. crasSsinervis
ce Scutellum yellowish; legs usually paler brown or yellow
d Apical half of wing distincily smoky, especially near the anterior
margin; abdomen dark brown; length 3.5 to 45 mm. (New
Vi RR 1 tO on nar oceans aioe Wye ge are oie eee eheteeee ore 4, euliedrt ocmirs
dd Wing nearly hyaline; abdomen with whitish incisures
5. choreus

The species pictipennis and tibialis Staeger
have been included in the foregoing as well as in the key for
Ablabesmyia because there is some doubt as to the posi-
tion of the M-Cu. crossvein. They are, however, described with
Ablabesmyia. :

Tanypus tibialis Say (6) and Tanypus balti-—
moreus Macq. (7) are not sufficiently described to place in
the keys; both of these descriptions are reproduced in the body
of this work. Tanypus annulatus is-a synonym of
A. monilis, and T. decedens Walker is perhaps the
Same as pictipennis Zett.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 157

1. Tanypus stellatus Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Cog. Proc U.S. Nat. Mus. 25:89

Yellowish brown, antennae except the basal joint pale yellow,
abdomen blackish, a whitish ring at three fourths the length of
each femur, tibiae except each end, and tarsi except apices of
the joints, light yellow, halteres light yellow; mesonotum thinly
grey pruinose; wings covered with brown hairs, whitish hyaline,
marked over nearly the entire surface with many brown spots,
several of which are confluent and enclose small whitish spots;
costal cell except at its apex brown; R, near its apex connected
with R, by the oblique R,, cubitus forks a short distance beyond
the crossvein; length 2mm. Female. Texas, Kansas, New York.

SSome male and female specimens captured in Ithaca, N. Y., I
have identified as this species. The females agree very well with
the description given by Mr Coquillett; the descriptions of the
Specimens are as follows:

Male. Head, palpi and basal joint of antenna fuscous, the
antenna and its hairs a trifle paler. Dorsum of thorax with three
dull dark-brown stripes, the middle one divided; the fine lines
Separating the dark dorsal lines, the lines separating the dark
humeral spots from the lateral lines, the anterior margin, and
the posterior margin of the middle line, cinereous white. ‘The
two minute tubercles of the collar sometimes pale. Metanotum,
pleura and sternum, dark brown; scutellum a little paler. Hairs
pale. A'bdomen dull brown, the posterior margins of the segments
whitish. Claspers short, stout, and dark brown. Coxae brown,
each femur brown, with a white ring not far from the apex, each
tibia yellow with brown base and tip, tarsi yellow, joints black at
tip, last joint darker; fourth tarsal joint slender, and longer
than the fifth. Wings with many brown spots, that upon the
crossveins most conspicuous. Two near the tip of R,, one on the
humeral crossvein, one dark one on the median crossveins, four
in cell R,.,, each divided longitudinally by a wing fold; two or
three in the cell M; one or two between branches of the cubitus;
and several in the anal cell. Venation as shown. Halteres
sordidly yellow, the knobs somewhat infuscated, their tips paler.
Length 3 mm.

Female. (P1.27, fig.7.) Like the male, but the abdomen is usually
wholly brown, occasionally the margins of the segments very nar-
rowly whitish. Tibiae excepting the knees sometimes brown.
Length 2mm.

2. Tanypus posticalis Lundbeck
1898 Tanypus Lund. Vidensk. Meddel. p.295

Thorax black, shining, with two longitudinal cinereous stripes ;
or it may be described as having three wide black stripes, shining,

158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the median one posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly abbreviated,
and the median one is divided by a fine line; the intermediate
space and the lateral margins have some erect yellow pile; scutel-
lum and metanotum black; abdomen slender, cinereous black,
with long yellow pile, claspers quite large, pilose. Antennae
blackish ‘brown; legs more or less dilutely brown. Halteres
sordidly yellow. Wings hyaline, distinctly but not densely hairy,
the costal vein brown, the others pale, the cubitus forks far distad
of the M-Cu. crossvein (p1.37, fig.20). The second and third pairs
of legs with long pile, the first pair bristly, the fore metatarsus
a little more than half the length of its tibia. Male. Length 2
to 3.25 mm.

The female is shorter than the male, stouter, the antennae
shorter than the thorax; in other respects like the male. North
Greenland. os

3. Tanypus crassinervis Zetterstedt
1838 Tanypus Zett. Ins. Lappon. 817. 1
1845 Tanypus Zett. Staeger. Nat. Tids. p.3854
1850 Tanypus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3599
1898 Tanypus Zett. Lundbeck. Vid. Med. p.294-.

Black, opaque, halteres whitish, lateral margin of the thorax
ferruginous, antennae ‘brown, wings white, somewhat hairy,
anterior veins conspicuous, crossvein infuscate, R, present, the
fork of the cubitus petiolate; legs blackish or fuscous, fore tarsi
bare, metatarsus about one fourth shorter than the tibia.
Length about 4 mm.

Male and female. Resembles P. nervosus (an European
species) but is a little smaller, the body opaque, not shining, the
wings with pale hairs, and the legs unicolored. ‘Head black;
antennae dark, the hairs (in the male) brownish; palpi dark,
thorax black, lightly cinereous shining, dorsum of the thorax in
the male with a lateral ferruginous stripe, the humeral spots
sometimes more distinct; in the female often reddish yellow, with
three wide black stripes, the lateral ones abbreviated anteriorly.
Scutellum and metanotum black. Abdomen black, in the male
pilose, genitalia small, ovate; abdomen of the female pubescent.
Wings white, slightly hairy, anterior veins distinctly fuscous,
crossveinS more deeply infuscated, the posterior veins distinct
but paler. Venation as in P. nervosus (pl.87, fig.24). Legs
formed as in the latter, sometimes brown, sometimes fuscous
testaceous. An European species, also recorded from Greenland
by Staeger (1845) and Lundbeck (1898).

4, Tanypus culiciformis Linne
1767 Tipula Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. 2:978
1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. 47, 44

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 159

1818 Tanypus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:63, 18

isa0 Banypus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3610, 17

1864 Tanypus Schin. Fauna Austr. 2:617

1877 Tanypus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 299, 4

1826 Tanypus fasciatus Macq. Ree. Soe. Se. Agri. Lille. 187, 5
18388 Tanypus tenuis Meig. Syst. Beschr. 7 15, 34

Male. Head dark brown, including mouth parts and antennae.
Dorsum of the thorax with three dark brown stripes, the middle
one divided by a fine line. Humeri and scutellum yellowish
brown, sternum and metanotum and sometimes scutellum also,
blackish; the pleura a little paler. Abdomen dark brown, the
posterior margins of the segments paler, more yellowish; hairs
brown. Genitalia short and robust (p1.32, fig.2). Legs yellowish
or brownish; the tips of the femora, tibiae, and all the tarsal
joints darker. The metatarsus usually yellowish. Fourth tar-
sal joint linear and longer than the fifth; the fore metatarsus
about one fourth shorter than the tibia; the fore tarsi and the
posterior legs somewhat hairy, wings hairy, hyaline, the apical
half smoky, especially near the anterior margin; crossveins dark
clouded, R, with R, near its tip, the petiole of the cubitus about
one half as long as the fork (p1.27, fig.15). Halteres white.

Female. Antennae except apical joint yellowish; the humeri
paler and the legs less hairy than in the male. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.

A numiber of specimens from, Ithaca, N. Y., one from Riverton,
N. J., one from Idaho, and one from Chicago, Ill., I cannot dis-
tinguish from European specimens.

5. Tanypus choreus Meigen

1804 Tanypus Meigen. Klass. 1:23, 6

1818 Tanypus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:62, 12

1839 Tanypus choreus Meig. Staeger. Nat. Tids. 2:585, 7
1850 Tanypus Meig. Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3609, 15

1864 Tanypus Meig. Schin. Fauna Austr. 2:617

ioe Panypus Meig. V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 299, 5

1804 Tanypus fasciatus Meig. Klass. 1:21, 3

1804 Tanypus sylvaticus Meig. Klass. 1:24, 9

Antennae brown, including the antennal hairs of the male;
palpi more or less brown. Thorax brown, with three darker
longitudinal stripes, the spaces between the longitudinal stripes
and the flattened area in front of the scutellum whitish; ster-
num greyish; scutellum yellow; metanotum black. Abdomen
brown-black with whitish incisures; venter yellow anteriorly; the
anal segment of the male broad and flattened, the claspers short,
yellow basally, blackened toward the tip. Legs yellowish brown;
the tips of the femora and of the tibiae and the whole of the
last four tarsal joints brown; the first joint of the fore tarsus is

160 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

one fourth shorter than the tibic; fore tarsi of the male bearded.
Halteres whitish. Wings slightly hairy, hyaline, slightly smoky
near the tip; the crossvein brown clouded; the cubitus forking
distad of the crossvein; venation resembling that of P. nervo-
sus (pl.387, fig.24).

The female is usually somewhat lighter colored. Length 3.5 to
4.5mm. Translation from V.d. Wulp (1877). “ Coloring some-
what variable.” Schiner (1864). North America (Osten Sacken,
1878).

6. Tanypus tibialis Say.
1828. Tanypus Say. Journ. Ac. Nat..Se. Philad. 3:15, 2
1828 Tanypus Wied. Ausser. Europ. Zw. Ins. 1:20, 4
1878. Tanypus Ost. Sack..Catl, Dipt. N. A. p.22

Thorax reddish brown; tibia white at base; abdomen white, a
double band on the middle and tip black. Habitat: Pennsylvania.

Wings immaculate; poisers white; feet fuscous, basal half of
the tibia white; tergum, second joint with a spot each side, two
middle segments with each a band, of which the anterior one is
much broader, and terminal segments deep fuscous, pleura yellow-
ish. Length of male more than 1/20 in.

7. Tanypus baltimoreus Macquart
1855- TLernipus Maca. . Dipt Dxot. > Supply ve shot
1878 Tany pus Ost. Sack. Cath Dipt NA.’ sp2k

Female. Palpi tawny, shining cinereous. Antennae wanting.
Thorax with wide black bands; abdomen black, posterior margins
of the segments white. Legs tawny; tarsi dusky. Halteres brown.
Wings greyish, with an oblique black line; veins normal. Length
3.5mm. From Baltimore. Translation.

Judging from the description this species seems to resemble —
T. culiciformis, but it has brown halteres. Nothing is
said either about the wing venation with respect to fork of the
cubitus, whether sessile or petiolate; or whether the wing is hairy
or bare; it is therefore impossible to say to which one of the
four genera of the group Tanypus it belongs.

Genus 20. Pentaneura Philippi
Verh. z. b. Ges. 35. 629. 1865
The antennae equal in length to the head and thorax taken
together, moniliform, 12-14 jointed, verticillate with long hairs,
the joints subglobose, not petiolate, the last joint elongate. Palpi
elongate, equaling the antennae, joints subcylindrical. Wings

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 161

narrow, very hairy, venation as shown on pi.37, fig.16. Legs
hairy, elongate, especially the tarsi; first tarsal joint equal to
the two following in length; fourth and fifth together equal to
the third. Type, P. grisea Ph. Chile. No North American
species.
Genus 21. Podonomus Philippi
Verh. z. b. Ges. 7. 601. 1865

Thorax strongly produced over the head. Antennae of the
female short, subcylindrical, verticillate with long hairs, eight (?)
jointed, the last joint equal to the two or three preceding (p1.87,
fig.10). WVenation as shown on pl.37, fig.11. Legs elongate, equal,
tarsi elongate, the metatarsus about the same length as the tibia,
the second about one half as long as the first, the remaining ones
Short and of equal length. Type, P. stigmaticus. Chile.

From the wing venation it appears that this genus is related to
the group Tanypus. No North American species.

Genus 22. Heptagyia Philippi
Verh. z. b. Ges. 41. 6385. 1865. (P1.87, figs. 21, 22, 23)

Head small. Antennae short, 7-jointed, cylindrical, first joint
large and thick, the following subequal, the last one oblong, equal-
ing the two preceding ones taken together. Ocelli none. Palpi
long, 6-jointed, almost exceeding the antennae, first three joints
subcylindrical and equal, the fourth and fifth shorter and sub-
globose, the last one slender, oblong, equalling the fifth one in
length. Thorax very much swollen, with a deep suture near and
parallel to the anterior margin. Wing venation as shown in fig.21.
Legs elongate, slender, anterior femora not thickened, not armed,
anterior tibiae with unarmed extremities, posterior tibiae with
minute apical spines; tarsi elongate, first joint nearly equalling
the remaining ones in length. Type, T. annulipes Ph.
Chile. No North American species.

Genus 23. Corynocera Zetterstedt

Insecta lapponica 856. 18388
Head moderately large, transverse; antennae porrect, shorter
than the thorax, arcuate, cylindrical, about 12-jointed; the first
joint short, thick, bare, the following 10 very small, rounded,
closely sessile, delicately haired, the 12th elongate, conical, wider,

162 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM re

bare; palpi slightly projecting, bent, proboscis short; eyes round,
somewhat prominent, remote; front wide; ocelli wanting; dorsum
of thorax elongate, arched, higher than the head, no transverse
suture, somewhat depressed in front of the scutellum; scutellum
small. Abdomen 7 or 8 jointed. Legs short, robust, of unequal
length, wholly bare and unarmed; coxae not elongate; halteres
short. Wings as long as the abdomen, club-shaped, rather narrow,
bare, with 4 or 5 discal veins diverging apically, all very indis-
tinct; on the anterior margin at the apex is a long somewhat
curved seta; the posterior margin is not ciliate. The wings of
the female are shorter than the abdomen, the genitalia of the
male clubbed, legs more robust; the abdomen of the female
pointed, with two short appendages. Metamorphosis and life his-
tory unknown. Translation from Schiner p.641 (1864).

The only species of this genus is C. crassipes Zett.
(=ambigua Zett.), a small, brownish black fly, with pale legs,
whitish wings and halteres. Length 2 to 2.25 mm. Lapland and
Germany (Beuthin).

Genus 24. Spaniotoma Philippi
Verh. z. b. Ges. 35. 629. 1865. (P1.37, figs. 13 and 14)

Thorax prominent above the head. Antennae short, scarcely
exceeding the palpi in length, 6-jointed, the joints oval, sparsely
verticillate with short hairs, the last joint rather acute. Palpi
4-jointed, the first joint thickened, the last one slender, elongate,
divided (?). /

The wing venation (fig.13) resembles that of Chironomus
(sens. lat.) though the crossvein is rather nearer to the base of the
wing than in the typical Chironomus. ‘The description does
not state whether the wing is hairy or bare. The figure given by
Philippi shows the fore metatarsus shorter than its tibia. The
genus may possibly be synonymous with either Metriocnemus
or Orth ocladius:

Type S. bivittata Philippy, Chile.» No North Americana

species.
Genus 25. Corynoneura Winnertz |
Stettin. Ent. Zeitg. 7:12. 1846. (P1.36, fig.7, and pl.32, fig.4) ,
Small species, distinguished by the ahsence of the anal angle
of the wing. Head round, proboscis short, palpi incurved, four-

ee a sae i fas

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 163

jointed, the last joint elongated. Antennae of the male 10-
jointed, the first joint thick and disk-like, the following eight egg-
shaped, the last one thicker and longer than the others, all with
long hairs, the last one verticillate; antennae of the female
6-jointed, the first one thick and disk-like, the following four
ellipsoidal, the last one somewhat elongate, all with short
hairs. Eyes round, ocelli wanting. Mesothorax greatly arched,
prolonged over the head, without transverse suture; scutellum
small; metathorax much arched. The 8-jointed abdomen is
narrow and long. Legs elongated; slender; the posterior pair
of tibiae somewhat thickened, spurred; metatarsi elongated;
claws and pulvilli very small. Wings in outline club-shaped,
bare, and bent down; anal angle wanting; anterior margin
thickened. Halteres free; venation as shown on pl.36, fig.7.
Genitalia of male shown on pl.32, fig.4 (after Kieffer). Antennae
of male 11-jointed according to Kieffer (1899).

Of the larvae and pupae of the members of this genus, but one
species has been described as far as I am aware; i.e. Cory-
noneura lemnae Frauenfeld (1866). (P1.86, figs. 1 to 5.)
He describes the larvae as filiform, thickened anteriorly, white,
with distinct incisures (fig.1). The chitinous pale brown head
is oval, with two black eye spots. The antennae 3-jointed 1.5
times as long as the head. The first thoracic segment is in the
form of a truncated cone, upon the ventral side of which is a
cephalad projecting process, with a bilobed extremity, each lobe
possessing a crown of delicate setae. The next thoracic segment
largest, with two oval, stigma-like spots on each side. The fol-
lowing 8 gradually decreasing in size; the last is nearly cylindri-
cal, and has upon the dorsal surface a prominence upon which
there are several upright setae. There are two anal blood gills
and two prominent anal prolegs, at the extremity of each of the
latter there is a circle of curved setae. Length 3.7 mm.

The pupa is described as being smooth and pale yellow in color;
the wing sheaths being one third of the entire length. The ab-
dominal segments are distinct; the anal end is blunt, upon each
side with a hyaline crescent-shaped disk, each with 8 long setae
upon its margin (fig.4 and 5). Length 1.22 mm. The imago
resembles C. scutellata Winn. (an European species).

164 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1. Corynoneura atra Winnertz

1852 Corynoneura Winn. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 18, 50, 4
18644 Corynoneura Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:594

Male. Dorsum of thorax velvet-black; pleura sordidly yellow.
Abdomen dark brown. Head black; antennae brown, with
brown, shimmering whitish hairs; palpi yellow; legs whitish
with dark articulations, last three joints of the hind legs brown.
Wings shimmering milky white. Length .§ mm. Europe and
Greenland according to Lundbeck (1898).

The male genitalia is shown on pl.32, fig.4 (after Kieffer).

2. Corynoneura celeripes Winnertz
1852 Corynoneura Winn. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 13, 50,3
1864 Corynoneura Schiner. Fn. Austr. 2:594

Female. Yellow; dorsum of thorax with three broad black
longitudinal stripes, the laterals anteriorly abbreviated; pleura -
and metanotum blackish brown or black. Abdomen black with
delicate, whitish incisures; venter sordidly yellow, blackened api-
eally. Head black; palpi and antennae yellow, the apical joint
of the latter ‘brown. Legs whitish, with dark articulations, the
last three joints of the hind tarsi blackish brown. Wings shim-
mering whitish. Length 0.8 mm. Europe and Greenland accord-
ing to Lundbeck (1898). This species is supposed to be the
female of C. atra. See Lundbeck (1898) and Kieffer (1902).

A single female specimen reared from a larva found in pond
water (Ithaca, N. Y.) agrees with the above description, excepting
that the pleura are yellowish.

Genus 26. Wulpiella Kieffer |
Bul. Soe. Ent. France. p.66. 1899
‘Small species having 4-jointed palpi; antennae of female 6-
jointed, the 4 intermediate joints verticillate with very long hairs.
Tarsal claws simple; metatarsus shorter than its tibia. Wings
hairy, the venation as in Chironomus (pl.34, fig.20). The
type is W. scirpi Kieffer, an European species. No North
American species. |
In a note on p.824 of Ann. Soc. Ent. France (1900) the author
states that in the figure given by him the crossvein has by mistake
been omitted.
The larva is yellowish white, with dark head; length 4mm. It
has black eyes at the anterior angles of the head; a pair of short
three-jointed antennae, mandibles four or five toothed, and a

eS
é

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 165

seven to nine toothed labium. Thoracic and anal prolegs
present, the latter with prominent retractile claws (fig.22). The
caudal papillae are cylindrical, pointed apically, each with three
short and three long setae. (Plate 34, figs. 21, 22, 23.)

Genus 27. Limnophyes Eaton
Emt, Monthly Mag..60, 12. 1875. .(PI1.37, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4)

Imago. Head small, ovately triangular; eyes roundly oval,
hardly reniform; ocelli absent; antennae divergently porrect,
filiform, 6-jointed, with sparse verticils of spreading hairs (fig.3), ’
the basal joint very stout, the second much smaller than the first,
but yet slightly thicker than the remaining joints, which are of
even width, the apical joint as long as the preceding two together ;
mouth short, the margin hairy, palpi 4-jointed (fig.2). Thorax
robust, above arched anteriorly and produced like a hood over
the head (fig.4); its contour viewed from above is somewhat
ovate, and it has about four longitudinal rows of short, fine, sparse
_hairs ascending upwards and inwards; scutellum moderately
large, prominent, semicircular or roundly subquadrate. Wings
oblong (fig.1), suddenly constricted at the base, rather straight
along the costa, the apex almost parabolic, the margins ciliated.
The subcostal vein very short, becoming obsolescent in the sub-
costal area, the radius two-branched, R, extending beyond the
middle of the costa, the media united by a crossvein to the radius
just proximad of the point of furcation; R,.., like R,, accompanied
by a slight crease in the membrane; the cubitus rather deeply
forked, the furcation acute, similarly accompanied by a crease
which follows its lower branch; this last branch is succeeded by
one or two longitudinal folds simulating additional veins (anal
veins ?): MHalteres large. Legs slender, with fine short hairs;
tibiae almost scabrous, with a minute spine at the apex interiorly ;
the first tarsal joint much longer than the next. Abdomen slen-
der, 8-jointed, with a few hairs above; ovipositor formed of two
very short lamellae. Larvae not observed.

In the original diagnosis it was stated that the number of
joints in the palpi and abdomen were respectively 5 and 7. It
appears to be more correct to regard them as being 4 and 8
jointed. The antennal joints are very likely to vary in number
with the sex, and to be more numerous in the male than in the
female.

166 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘The above description is copied from Verrall’s paper in Phil.
Trans. p.245, vol.168, only the nomenclature of the wing veins
being changed. The figures 1 to 4 on plate 37 are also taken
from Verrall, and illustrate details of the species L. pusillus

Eaton, a small gnat found at Royal Sound, Kerguelen Island. No
North American species.

Genus 28. Chasmatonotus Loew
Berl. Ent. Zeit. p.51. 1864

This genus is related to Hydrobaenus but differs from it
in that the palpi are longer, and the flagellum of the antenna
is composed of 5 joints in both sexes (i. e. antenna 7-jointed),
see pl.ol, fig.6. The dorsum of the thorax has a narrow fissure
which widens posteriorly in a flat area in front of the scutellum
(pl.51, fig.16) ; hence the name. The wings of our three American
species are black with white markings.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CHASMATONOTUS
Imagines

a@ Wing with two prominent white spots (p1.27, fig.16) ; the larger near
the base of the wing, the smaller subquadrangular, in the fork of the

cubitus, a little distad of the middle of the wing (New York, Illinois)
1. bimaculatus

aa Wing not marked in this way

b Wing with a longitudinal vitta between the media and the cubitus;
thorax black with front corners, and hind end, and a part of the
pleura yellow; abdomen with posterior margins of the segments

writs: (CA Taslso.) ie cretcec eee ease ah Se are cde tte 2. UN1IViLttatws
bb Wing with a broad transverse band extending from the radius to the
posterior margin (New York)..........0+.. 8 unimaculatus

1. Chasmatonotus bimaculatus Osten Sacken

1877 Chasmatonotus O.S. Bul. U. S. Geol. Surv. 3:191
1878 Chasmatonotus O.S. Catal. Dipt. N. A. p.22

Male. Black; wings of the same color and with two large white
spots. Length about 1.5 mm.

Black; thorax shining; base of the abdomen laterally pale
greenish yellow; feet black; front coxae and base of all the femora
yellowish; the first tarsal joints are of the same pale yellowish
color except the tip, which is black. Knob of halteres greenish.
Wings black; the first white spot is in the shape of a cross band
between the second vein and the anal angle; second spot is square,
and situated on the hind margin, within the fork of the cubitus,
pl.27, fig.16, pl.31, figs. 6 and 16, pl.32, fig.6.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 167

The first posterior cell and the cell within the fork of the cubitus
are much longer than in C. unimaculatus Lw., and the
latter cell is longer and broader. Hence it happens that although
in both species the cross-band-like spot is placed immediately
inside of the proximal end of the fork it occupies the middle of
the wing in C. unimaculatus, and is much nearer the base
in C. bimaculatus. The abdomen of the male ends in a
comparatively large and conspicuous forceps (the “ hypopygium
maris globosum ” in Mr Loew’s description of C. maculatus
seems to indicate a different structure?). (O.S. loc. cit.)

Catskill mountains and Quebec (Osten Sacken 1877). Several
male specimens from Lake Forest, [llinois, received from Profes-
sor Needham. New Jersey (Johnson, 1904).

2. Chasmatonotus univittatus Coquillett
1900 Chasmatonotus Coquillett. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sc. 2:395

Male. Black: the bases of antennae, front corners and hind
end of thorax, pleura, except the lower portion and one or two
spots; halteres, trochanters, and bases of femora and of tibiae,
yellow; posterior margins of abdominal segments whitish, meso-
notum polished; abdomen subopaque; wings black, the extreme
base and a vitta extending from it three quarters the length of the
wing, between the medial and cubital veins, white; length 2.5 mm.
Sitka, Alaska.

8. Chasmatonotus unimaculatus Loew

1864 Chasmatonotus Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 50
1878 Chasmatonotus Loew. O.S. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.22

Male and female. Black, with black wings, having a whitish
spot on posterior margin. Length 2 mm.; wing 2 mm.

Head black, the eyes in both sexes separated by a wide shining
front. Proboscis short, black; palpi black, four-jointed ; the first
joint short, the next two moderate, the second clavate; the third
stouter; the fourth linear, a little longer than the preceding.
Antennae fuscous black, short, in both sexes alike; the basal joint
globose; the five joints of the flagellum short pilose, the first
joint cylindrical, the three following short ovate, the last oval.
Thorax black, the dorsum shining, the pleura opaque; scutellum
the same color. Abdomen black, subopaque, the first segments in
the female lurid; hypopygium of the male black, globose. Legs
black, the bases of the femora sordidly yellow and the tarsi in
immature Specimens cinereous. Halteres black. Wings black,
with a subtriangular white spot extending from ‘the posterior
margin as far as R,.,; of the wing. New Hampshire (O. 8S.)

4-5

168 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Genus 29. Telmatogeton Schiner
Verh. zool. bot. ges. Wien. 16-931:1866 _

The. larva and pupa have not been described as far as I am
aware, but figures of both are given by Schiner (1868) of an
East Indian species T. St. Pauli Schiner. These figures
are reproduced on pl.34, figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15.

Imago. Head small and deeply set; the thorax highly arched,
robust, rising abruptly behind the head; the abdomen is short
and slender ; the wings long and of uniform width, extending far
beyond the abdomen; the legs are much elongated. Eyes oval,
in both sexes widely separated by the deeply excavated front; the
ocelli are wanting; palpi 4-jointed, the basal joint small, the fol-
lowing ones of equal length, thickly haired; antennae in both
sexes alike, 7-jointed, scarcely as long as the head, the first joint
extraordinarily large and thick, the second one slender, the next
four disklike, much wider than long, closely joined, the apical -
joint elongated, somewhat thickened at the base, gradually becom-
ing smaller towards the tip; the basal joint hairy above and
below, the others bare. Metathorax strongly developed; the
scutellum small; abdomen 7-jointed; male genitalia two-lobed,
the lobes closely connected, not spreading or forceps-like; oviposi-
tor of the female pointed; the upper sheath longer than the lower
one. Legs long and slender, particularly the hind pair. At the
end of each of the tibiae is a pair of short spines, and at the apical
end of the metatarsus is a single one; the metatarsus is elongate
the second joint scarcely one half as long as the first, the third
less than two thirds as long as the second, the next two each half
as long as the third; the claws horny, well-developed, furcate at
the extreme tip; pulvilli small but well-developed; the empodium
large, filling the space between the claws, ciliated at the apical
end. Wings long, the anal angle right-angled, the posterior mar-
gin nearly parallel with the anterior margin; the subcostal vein
running parallel to the costa but not reaching the margin; the
cubitus forks proximad of the middle of the wing, its lower branch —
not quite reaching the margin, anal veins quite short (pl.34,
fig.16). Halteres long with a broad knob. The type of the genus
is T. St. Pauli Schiner (loc. cit.). A small blackish fly with

dusky wings from the Island of St Paul in the Indian Ocean.
¥ ,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF.NEW YORK 169

One species of this genus has been described from North America
T. alaskensis Cog. (1900). The venation of the American
species differs slightly from this description. See below.

Telmatogeton alaskensis Coquillett
1860 Telmatogeton Coquillett. Proc. Wash. Acad. Se. 2:3895

“Male. Head and its members brownish black, the front velvet
black, first joint of antennae velvet brown; antennae about as long
as the head, the first joint nearly three times as wide as the
others, the latter subcylindrical, the last joint slightly longer
than the others and subconical in profile; thorax opaque black,
the lateral margins and upper part of pleura varied with yellow-
ish, scutellum, metanotum, and abdomen brownish black, the
lateral margins of the latter and hind margins of the ventral
segments yellow; coxae mottled black, brown and yellowish, the
remainder of legs blackish brown, front femora each bearing a
transverse, contiguous pair of blunt tubercles near the tip of the
under side, and just beyond them a pair of rather’ widely
separated cavities; front tibiae each bearing a blunt tubercle on
the under side near the base, the inner side of each front tibia
rather strongly dilated at its first third; first joint of the tarsi
nearly three times as long as the second; each of the last three
joints slightly over one half as long as the second joint, claws
cleft almost to the middle; halteres whitish; wings brownish
gray, veins brown, first section of the media yellow, bases of the
branches of the radius nearly coalescent; length 4.5mm. Yaku-
tat, Alaska.

This species agrees very well with Dr Schiner’s description
and figures except in the structure of the legs, but these are not
sufficiently different to warrant the establishing a separate
genus for the present form. Coquillett (loc. cit.) Specimens also
from Oregon and California. In these specimens the cubitus forks
immediately under the crossvein, the latter oblique, the subcosta
reaches the wing margin slightly distad of Cu,. Length 4 to 6 mm.

Genus 30. Macropeza Meigen
Syste esc Si tele: (PLS5. figs 1 2. 3)
Small, blackish gray species, with long wings and extraordi-
narily long legs. Head small; transversely oval; the proboscis
and palpi short, antennae 15-jointed; the second basal joint
quite large and thick, the other joints peculiarly arranged, the
first seven each small at the base and widened toward the end;

170 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the next small, the following ones again, slender and elongate,
the last one small; these are all only thinly haired (fig.3). The
eyes round, bare, the ocelli wanting (or rudimentary?) ; front
broad. The arching of the thorax gradually becomes greater
from the head backward, the transverse suture wanting; scutel-
lum short but wide; metathorax moderately large. Abdomen
8-jointed, hypopygium somewhat projecting. Legs long; coxae
not elongated, the fore femora shortest, the posterior pair long-
est; tibiae without spurs; tarsi of the posterior pair of legs ex-
tremely slender, and at least as long as the femora and tibiae
taken together, the metatarsus about twice as long as the follow- ~
ing joints taken together, apical joints small, the sole of the clawed
joint bristly, the claws quite long and bent; the halteres promi-
nent. Wings long and narrow; venation as shown in figs. 1 and 2. |
The first figure is from V. d. Wulp (1877) the second after Meigen
(1818). No North American species have been described.

Genus 31. Hydrobaenus Fries
Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 1829. 176. 1830
Psilocerus Ruthe, Isis. XI. 1207. 1831
(P1.34, figs. 2 to 11)
Fries (1830) describes the larva and pupa at considerable length
and gives figures illustrating details of each; the latter are repro-
duced on pl.34, figs. 2 to 5 and 8. ;

Larva. The larva is described as being 4 mm. in length, green-
ish in color, quite slender, and cylindrical. The head (fig.2) is
small, obcordate and black. The antennae are three-jointed. On
the ventral side of the first thoracic segment is a pair of feet with
setae (fig.3). On the dorsal surface of the eleventh abdominal
segment are two cylindrical processes, the extremity of each with
a tuft of long hairs. On the ventral surface of this segment are
the blood gills, two in number and shorter than in Chirono-
mus. The twelfth segment has the usual anal feet and four blood
gills, the latter, however, differing from Chironomus in hav-
ing at the apex of each a little tuft of hairs.

~Pupa. (Figs. 5 and 8) Thorax with short and narrow respira--

tory tubes. The caudal end is provided with two tufts of long
hairs. The species shown by Fries is H. lugubris, an
European species.

Imago. Very small black species, the males as well as the
females of which have the antennae with short hairs. Head small,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK VL

flattened in front; epistome somewhat prominent; proboscis not
much extended; palpi short, four-jointed, the last joint somewhat
longer than the one which precedes it; antennae of the male 14-
jointed (fig.7); the basal joint thick, the last joint elongated and
thicker than the rounded preceding joints, short and sparsely
haired; the female with a 7-jointed antenna (fig.6), the first and
last joint as with the male. Wyes crescent-shaped, the concave
side enclosing the antennae, bare; ocelli wanting. Mesothorax
produced over the head, well arched; abdomen narrow and long,
8-jointed, hypopygium small (figs. 10 and 11). Legs moderately
long, covered with fine, woolly hair; the metatarsi somewhat elon-
gated but not as leng as the tibiae; claws distinct, puvilli very
small. Wings shorter than the abdomen and with the cell M,
open; anal angle rounded (fig.9). Halteres free. Fries’ figure
(copied on pl.34, fig.7) shows the male antennae with but 13 joints,
although the description says there are 14.

This genus has not yet been recorded from America.

Genus 32. Doloplastus Skuse
Proc. of Linn. Soc. of N. 8S. W. 4:260. 1889

Antennae 246 jointed in male, otherwise as in female of
Orthociadius. Wings naked. Third longitudinal vein
(R,.,) nearly straight. Costal vein extending a little beyond tip
of third longitudinal (R,.,). Posterior branch of fifth longitu-
dinal (Cu,) straight. Legs unicoloured. In fore legs the meta-
tarsus considerably shorter than tibia. Forceps of male robust.
An Australian genus.

Genus 33. Smittia Holmgren
Kongl. Svenska. Vetensk. Ak. Handl. Bd. 8. no.5. 1869. 47

Front wide, eyes oval, somewhat prominent, at the base of the
antennae slightly emarginate. Antennae short, flagellum (female)
sparsely haired, 5-jointed (i.e. antennae therefore 7-jointed), the
first and the last joint longer than the others. Oral margin slightly
produced, palpi rather stout. Thorax like that of other Chi-
ronomids. Abdomen somewhat blunt, the tip on both sides with
a seta-like tubercle. Wings narrow, short, scarcely reaching the
middle of the abdomen; venation much as in Chironomus,
but more difficult to distinguish; stouter towards the costal
margin. Legs rather long, fore femora stouter, the tarsi a
little longer than the tibiae. This genus takes a position between

172 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Diamesa and Chironomus, but easily distinguished from
them by the short wings. Type of the genus S. brevi p ennis
(—Chironomus brevipennis Boehem).

It is not stated in the description whether the wings be hairy or
bare. From the statement that the tarsi are a little longer than
the tibiae, it appears that the metatarsus is shorter than the
tibiae. The genus may, therefore, be most nearly allied to
Orthocladius, :\Camptocladius: or-to\ Metrroc.
nemus. In the description given by the author in Ent. Tidskr.
p.181, 18838, it is stated that the abdomen of the male is narrow
and the anal end somewhat thickened almost like that of
Diamesa. Genus has not been recorded from America.

Genus 34. Burmeisteria Weyenbergh
Tidj. v. Hntomol. 1380. 1886. (P1.35, figs. 26-28)

Like Chironomus, but the thorax is narrowed anteriorly
and bent downward overhanging the head (fig.27). The halteres
are long and flat (fig.28), the stem very short, hence covered by
the knob. Wings with ciliated margin (fig.26).

In the generic description given by Weyenbergh the number of
antennal joints is not stated; although the statement “ like
Chironomus” would seem to imply that this genus pos-
sesses the same number as ChironomusS (i.e. 14). Weyen-
bergh’s figure also shows about this number. Arribalzaga (1893
p-241) states that the genus should be regarded as a synonym of
Chironomwus sens. str. and further says that the wings are
bare.

The type of the genus is B. photophila Weyenb. (loc.
cit.), recorded from Argentina. No other species have been re-
corded.

Genus 35. Diamesa Meigen
Syst. Beschr. 7:12. 1888. (PI1.30, fig.13, and pl.32, figs. 5 and 14)

Larva. The larvae of the known species are yellowish or
greenish in color and are found in swiftly flowing water. In form.
they are of the usual Chironomid type, most resembling
those of Orthocladius. The blood gills of the eleventh
abdominal segments, which are usually found in Chironomus
are wanting in this genus; their absence probably due to the fact

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 1 3

that the larvae are found only in well aerated water. When taken
from the streams and placed in still water they soon die, usually
within a few hours. (PI1.36, fig.14-25, after Heeger; 1853; and
pl.20, fig.9). |

- Pupa. The pupae are apparently without thoracic breathing
organs; if they are present they must be extremely minute and
have been overlooked. The anal end with 6 or 8 short setae; the
posterior margin of each abdominal segment with spines or setae.
(‘See pl.48, fig.13, in Bul.68, N. Y. State Museum, 03.)

Imago. Head small; broad and flattened in front, the face pro-
longed into a short broad proboscis; eyes elongate, only a little
emarginate, ocelli wanting. Antennae inserted close to the eye
margin, 14-jointed in the male, basal joint broad and disk-like,
the fourteenth very much elongated like that of the males in
Chironomus and of a similar structure; densely plumose;
antennae of the female seven or eight jointed (pl.31, fig.7), the
joints rounded or oval, the last one somewhat longer and cylin-
drical. In both sexes the basal joint disk-like. Palpi four-
jointed. Thorax highly arched; produced more or less over the
head, slightly flattened in front of the scutellum. Abdomen like
that of most Chironomids; rather long and slender in the
male; shorter and stouter in the female. Legs long and rather
stouter than in Chironomus, fore metatarsus equal to or
shorter than the tibia; the fourth tarsal joint, of most species at
least, short, obcordate. Wings bare, venation as shown on pl.30,
fig.13,.resembling Tanypus in having the M-Cu crossvein; the
subcosta slender, but distinct, R, and R,., ending in the costa;
between these is the slender and delicate R,.,; the media is
simple; the R-M crossvein oblique; the M-Cu crossvein erect; the
cell M is present; the cubitus forks a little before the M-Cu
crossvein ; the humeral crossvein is present. Genitalia as shown
on pl.32, figs. 5 and 14. |

Several species have been recorded from Europe and North
America. Haliday in Walker’s Ins. Brit. III (1856) has recorded
species the males of which are said to have bare or short-haired
antennae.

174 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIAMESA
Larvae
a Mouth parts as Shown*on ‘pl.20) e070 e:5 5am Soe eee ae aie bh wadltiae

aa Mouth parts as shown on pl.36, figs. 18 to 25; the dorsal surface of the
abdominal segments marked with transverse fasciae (Huropean

SECEOS.) oo ai 54 ojos aie Wet aE eo oer a oe ees sees 3. culicoides
Pupae
a Analiend with six slenderiilamemes ves ts ce. s. carcinomas eel 1: cweashoaes:
éa> Anal ends withveieht mamentset sf oo. wie ean eae eee 3. €U licordes
Imagines

a Halteres pale yellow; thoracic stripes black; length 4.5 to 5 mm. (United
States, Hurope, Greenland) once on ers oe ee 1, weal le

aa Halteres white; thoracic stripes cinereous black; length 2.75 to 4.25 mm.
€Greenland)- 2. Se ios «Aa too ebay oc ee eae s BE aes 2. chorea

I cannot separate aberrata Lundbeck (1898) from
waltlii.
1. Diamesa waltli Meigen
18388 Diamesa Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 7:13, 1°
1856 Chironomus Halid. in Walk. Ins. Brit. Dipt. 3:194
1864 Diamesa Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:615
1898 Diamesa aberrata Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 289, 77

Larva. (P1.20, fig.9) The larvae were taken in company with
the larvae of Thalassomyia fusca among the algae on
the surface of rocks over which the water flows rapidly. .In color
it is pale green, in general appearance and even in many details
of structure it greatly resembles Thalassomyia fusca.
The dorsal selerite of the head is elongated, shield-shape, with
two pairs of marginal setae; on the lateral selerite there is one
seta near the base of the mandible just above the lateral line,
one pair below this one and a little cephalad; another pair about
one quarter of the length of the head caudad of these but lying
as far below the lateral line as the first is above. Directly caudad
of the first, but midway between the front and hind margin of the
head, is another ; close to the dorsal suture, one quarter the length
of the head cephalad of the caudal margin is still another; and
finally there is a single one on each side at the base of the labium.

The mouth ‘parts are as shown in the figure. The epipharynx
is shown with its parts extended. In the figure given by the
writer in Bul. 68. N. Y. State Museum (1903) these parts are
shown folded down. The lateral arms (la) are each expanded
apically into a handlike ‘process with 7 or 8 fingers. The mandi-
bles each have 5 blunt teeth, a fringe of coarse-branched hairs
projecting mesad, and two stout setae on the dorsal surface near

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK MS

the base. The labium (1) has about 19 blunt teeth; the antennae
are of moderate length, bare, and with three terminal append-
ages. The entire body appears to be devoid of hairs. The
thoracic and anal feet are of the usual Chironomus type.
The dorsal tuft of the anal segment is present; blood gills of the
eleventh segment absent.

Pupa. The pupa is fuscous in color, with a slightly greenish
tinge. Thoracic respiratory organs apparently wanting. On the
dorsal posterior margins of each of the abdominal segments, ex-
cepting the first and last, there are 10 to 12 short, stout caudad
projecting teeth, the two or three lying nearest the lateral mar- -
gin being smaller than those near the median line; and on the
ventral surface of the segments, excepting the first, second and
last, there are six or eight stout teeth projecting cephalad. At
the anal end there are three pairs of short hollow filaments which
may have a respiratory function. The length of pupal life is
about two days. |

This pupa greatly resembles that of D. culicoides as de-
scribed by Heeger (1853) excepting that there are eight abdominal
filaments in the latter while there are but six in the former.

Described from specimens taken in Cascadilla creek, Ithaca,
N. Y. An empty pupal skin from Las Vegas, New Mexico, from
Professor Cockerell does not differ from the one described above.

Male. Black; head black, including eyes, mouth parts and
antennae, the latter densely covered with long, dark brown hair.
Its first joint enlarged, disk-like, the second twice as long as
broad, the following 11 a little shorter than broad, the 14th
longer than all the rest taken together. The palpi are somewhat
shorter than the antennae, four-jointed (besides a small basal
piece), the first joint shorter, the fourth longer than the other
two. Dorsum of the thorax black, subshining, with a faint cin-
ereous bloom covering the surface, excepting the three slightly
raised longitudinal stripes, which are deep black, and between
which are arranged some scattered black setae; scutellum dark
brown, with black setae; metanotum and pleura black, the latter
with a gray bloom; abdomen black, longer than the wings in
fresh specimens, covered with fine brown hairs, posterior mar-
gins of the segments narrowly cinereous. Genitalia conspicuous
and rather complex (pl.32, fig.14); the apical joint of the ap-
pendages triangular in outline with a sharp point; the basal
joint with a pointed process attached near its base on the inner
side, mesad of which are two smaller pointed projections. The
dorsal keel is nearly straight and spike-like. Legs uniformly
fuscous, all the fourth tarsal joints shorter than the fifth, tarsal

176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

claws simple. Wings broad, and nearly as long as the abdomen
in fresh specimens; usually longer than the abdomen in dried
specimens; cinereous in color, the anterior veins conspicuous,
brownish or black; media and cubitus pale, posterior margin
very delicately ciliate. Halteres usually pale, in. an occasional
Specimen brownish, the knob triangular in outline. Length 3.5 to
5 mm. (pl.30, fig.13).

Female. ‘Cinereous black, front and epistome cinereous, eyes
but slightly excavated at base of antennae; palpi and antennae
fuscous, the latter with 8 joints counting the disk-like basal
joint, short-haired (pl.P, fig.7); scutellum hemispherical, dark
brown, with black setae; abdomen fuscous with short brown
hairs, posterior margins to the segments darker except on the
extreme edge, which is pale yellow; genitalia small, brown and
leaf-like; legs fuscous; claws simple; wings broad, and longer
than the abdomen; anterior veins black; media and cubitus pale;
length 3.5 to 5 mm. In other respects like the male. Described
from bred and captured specimens. New York, Idaho, Washing-
ton State, Greenland. |

Fitch’s Chironomus nivoriundus, which I formerly
considered a synonym of Diamesa wal t Lins Meigs IT now
regard as distinct.

According to Lundbeck (1898), D. waltlii does not possess
cilia on the posterior margin of the wing, he quoting Meigen as
authority for this statement; the European specimens, however,
“which I have do possess these cilia, as do also my American speci-
mens. The cilia are quite short and rather difficult to see with a
hand lens. D. aberrata Lundbeck (1898, p.290), according
to its author, differs primarily from D. waltlii in possessing
cilia on the posterior margin of the wing; but since waltlii
does have the cilia, this distinction fails, and the two names must
be regarded as synonymous. In the description of aberrata
the scutellum and legs are said to be pale brown, while in
waltlii, as described above, they are dark brown or fuscous.
These differences are at most only varietal in character; and
furthermore, in immature specimens these parts are usually
somewhat paler than in mature specimens.

2. Diamesa chorea Lundbeck
* 1898 Diamesa Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 291

Greatly resembling D. aberrata Lundb.; its smaller size,
obscure coloring, white halteres and more slender legs will dis-
tinguish it.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK i Wie

Male. Thorax cinereous, with three cinereous black stripes,
the two laterals anteriorly abbreviated, the interval between
sparsely hairy, scutellum cinereous brown, pilose, metathorax
cinereous-black, the pleura gray, the pectus cinereous-black.
Abdomen slender, cinereous-black with yellow hairs, the venter
paler, the anal segments wide. Antennae brown, 14-jointed,
plumose. Legs more or less dull brown, slender, setose. Halteres
white. Wings slightly tinted, nearly hyaline, the margin short
ciliate, the venation like that of D. aberrata. The fourth
tarsal joints shorter, or at least not longer than the fifth; the fore
metatarsus is somewhat shorter than the tibia.

Female. Antennae 8-jointed, short, the last joint elongate,
fusiform, the abdomen shorter and stouter than that of the male;
differs from the female of D. aberrata in its smaller size,
shorter antennae, and wholly cinereous abdomen. Length of male
and female 2.75 to 4.25 mm. Greenland. Translation.

3. Diamesa culicoides Heeger
1853 Sitzb. K. K. Acad. Wiss. Wien. 10:7
_ The larva, pupa and adult of this European species were de-
scribed by Heeger (1853). Heeger’s figures are reproduced on
pl.36, fig. 15 to 25. |

According to this author 80 to 100 eggs are laid by the female
in groups of 10 or 12 upon stones or other objects along banks of
the brook where they may be washed by the water from time to
time. The eggs are described as being yellowish-white, nearly
cylindrical, slightly smaller at one end, scarcely .25 mm. in length
and nearly one-half as wide. The larvae emerge in about 8 or
10 days. ‘They are white in the beginning; later the dorsal sur-
face becomes brownish. When full grown about 12 mm. in
length. The eyes are subtriangular, small, flat and black; the
labrum is rounded, brownish-vellow, chitinous, scarcely one-
sixth as broad as the head, one-half as long as broad, with four -
rounded teeth. The lower lip is one-half as broad but twice as
long as the labrum, pale yellowish, truncated anteriorly, with the
anterior margin densely hairy; the palpi are attached basally
to this, and have the same structure as the lower lip. The labium
is dark brown, is one-fourth as broad:as the head, with a semi-
circular anterior margin, this margin provided with six very short
rounded teeth on each side, and in the middle with a broadly
truncated one (fig.19) ; the mandible (fig.18) is subcordate, one-
fourth as long as the head, with five short rounded teeth, proximad
of which there is a long row of yellowish brown, movable setae.
The larva spins a thin, tube-like dwelling from which the head

178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

projects when it is watching for prey. There are three moults.
They are found where the water is swiftest.

The pupae greatly resemble those of the Tortricids, are
nearly cylindrical, slightly pointed at the apical end, smaller pos-
teriorly, and of a pale brown color, somewhat darker anteriorly
(pl.36, figs. 16 and 17). The abdominal segments are provided
with setae; those on the dorsal surface projecting caudad, those
upon the ventral surface projecting cephalad. The anal end has
8 slender, long, chitinous setae, the apical end of which is bent
upwards. The adult is aiso described, but since it is not an
Ameri¢an species, the description will not be reproduced here.

Genus 36. Eutanypus Coquillett
Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands. 4:341. 1899

Closely related to Tanypus, but the antennae of the female
are 8-jointed, of the male 9-jointed, not plumose, the first joint
bulbous, about three times as broad as the second; joints two to
seven in the female, two to eight in the male, decreasing in length
outwardly, the penultimate joint only slightly longer than broad,
the ultimate nearly as long as the three preceding joints; eyes
deeply emarginate next the antennae, palpi four-jointed. Third
vein of the wing simple, fourth issuing from the fifth near its
base and forking near the middle of the wing, the fifth also fork-
ing near the middle of the wing, its upper branch connected with
the fourth by a crossvein; small crossvein and first section of
the third vein scarcely longer than broad. Type of the genus E.
borealis Cog. loc. cit.

It appears from this description that the wing venation must
greatly resemble that of Diamesa, the number of antennal
joints and the lack of long antennal hairs distinguishes the male
of the genus from Diamesa. The females of Hutanypus
cannot be distinguished from those of Diamewsa. The third
vein spoken of in the above description appears to be R,.,; the
anterior fork of the fourth seems to be equivalent to R,+,, and
the posterior fork the same as the media; the fifth is the same as
the cubitus. Compare the figure on pl.36, fig.13.

Eutanypus borealis Coquillett
1899 Hutanypus Cog. Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands. 4:341

Female. Head black, opaque gray pruinose, the antennae,
palpi, and proboscis brownish black, the antennae nearly twice

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 179

as long as the head. Thorax, scutellum, and abdomen black,
opaque gray pruinose, the sparse hairs chiefly yellow. Wings
1.5 times as long as the abdomen, whitish hyaline, veins yellow
or brownish; the third, except at its base, the fourth before its
point of furcation, also its posterior branch, both branches of the
fifth and the whole of the sixth almost colorless; the crossvein at
the outer end of the second basal cell unites with the upper
branch of the fifth a short distance beyond its base, and with
the fourth a short distance before its furcation; the small
crossyein. at about twice the length of the owter crossvein
beyond the base of the upper branch of the third! vein; the first
vein extends to the last fifth of the length of the wing. Legs
brownish black, first joint of the front and the hind tarsi two-
thirds as long as their tibiae, the fourth joint noticeably widened,
_ about three-fourths as long as the fifth; tarsal claws simple and
of equal length. MHalteres yellow. Length 3.5 mm. _ Bering
Island.

An immature male specimen collected at the same time and
place differs from the female in having the palpi, antennae, scutel-
Jum and the legs yellow. A female collected on the summit of Mt
Washington, N. H., by Mrs Annie T. Siosson, does not differ from
the female above described. (Coquillett, loc. cit.)

The description given above of the female would apply very
wellto Diamesa waltlii.

Group Chironomus Meigen
Meigen. Illiger’s Magazin. 2:260. 1803

The eggs. The eggs of the members of this group are deposited,
usually in the water, in the form of a long string or in a clump,
surrounded by a layer of gelatine. The arrangement of the eggs
within the egg string seems to be constant for a given species
(pl.31, figs. 12 to 15). Miall and Hammond (1900) say, “In C.
dorsalis the egg mass is a transparent cylinder with rounded
ends, about 20 mm. long, formed of a mucilage secreted by the
gluten-giand, in which the brownish eggs are imbedded. The eggs
. do not lie at random, in the cylinder, but are lodged in a special
winding tube or egg-pipe, which lies near the surface of the egg
mass, and makes many almost complete spires, curving around
from right to left and from left to right alternately (pl1.31, figs.
13 and 14). The tube itself only becomes visible when the egg

*This should probably read “ 4th vein’, because in the generic description
the third vein is said to be simple; i. e. unbranched.

~ 180 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

mass is boiled or treated with hardening agents. The interior
of the cylinder is traversed by interwoven cords. As many as 19
Spires have been counted in one egg mass and since each spire
commonly contains about 45 eggs, the total may amount to 850
or even more.”

In an undetermined North American species observed by the
writer, the egg mass is in the form of a clump enveloped in gela-
tine, which is moored by means of a cord toa stone or a weed
along the bank of a pool. The eggs within this clump have no
definite arrangement but lie at random (fig.10). Another North
American species lays a string in which the eggs are arranged
as shown in fig.15, and still another as shown in fig.12.

Larva. All the larvae of the members of this group are rather
slender, have a rather short head, and possess thoracic and anal
prolegs (pl.16). In size the mature larvae vary from 4 or 5 mm.

to upwards of 25 mm. Many of the largest species are blood red —

in color, while the smaller ones are yellow, light or dark green,
brownish, or pink. The head is small, brownish in color, heavily
chitinized, and a little longer than wide. The sclerites of the head
consist of a dorsal, ventral, and two lateral plates, besides a num-
ber of smaller ones. The dorsal sclerite is elongate shield-shaped,
often with a few setae. Attached to the front margin of this
plate is the labrum, which hangs flap-like in front of the mouth
and may be bent backward; and on the under surface are several
pairs of setae, usually pectinate. Attached to the ventral surface
of the labrum is the epipharynx. This is a rather complex struc-
ture; it is attached at its anterior margin, its free margin projects
ventrad and caudad. Its form varies in the different genera.
The lateral plates bear two pairs of rudimentary eyes (pigment
spots) as well as the antennae and the jaws. The antennae (pl.16,
fig.5, and pl.22, fig.la) are situated on the anterior end of the

lateral plates; they consist of a comparatively long basal joint °
and several shorter terminal ones. The mandibles (pl.22, fig.1, -

md) situated ventrad of the antennae are stout and have a four or

five toothed margin. They are articulated in such a manner that

they move in an oblique plane, striking the labium (pl.16, fig.5)-.
The labium is attached or rather is coalescent with the front
margin of the ventral sclerite of the head, the suture separating

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 181

the sclerite from the lateral ones only faintly marked. Miall and
Hammond (1900) consider the ventral piece as a portion of the
lateral sclerite. The margin of the labium is toothed (pl.22,
fig.1 1) ; the size and arrangement of the teeth vary in the different
species. Near the base and ventrad of the mandibles are the
maxillae (fig1mx) consisting of fleshy processes, with a short
cephalad projecting palpus (fig.1 p), and some setae and papillae.
On each side of the labium is a striated and flexible fan-shaped
flap which helps to close in the mouth. On the floor of the mouth
cavity, lying close to the labium, is the hypopharynx (fig.1 hy),
with various setae and papillae. The prothoracic pair of feet is
furnished with a large number of slender, curved hairs, some-
times pectinate, the two feet very close together so that they
appear almost as one (pl.21, fig.8). The first three segments of
the body in specimens which are ready to transform are enlarged
and represent the thorax; the intermediate segments of the
abdomen are subequal in length and usually have a few setae. On
the ventral surface of the eleventh segment of those species which
are blood red in color there are two pairs of long blood gills
pl.16) ; on the caudal end of the dorsal aspect of the last segment
are two small papillae each surmounted by a tuft of a few long
hairs; ventrad of these there is a bunch of four short blood gills.
The ana] feet are about as long as the eleventh segment, each one
with a crown of from 10 to 20 bifid claws (pl.21, fig.9).

Pupa. The pupa is somewhat elongate, the thorax enlarged,
and the abdomen 8-segmented, not counting the anal appendages
(pl.16 and pl.23, fig.9). Upon the cephalic end of the thorax are
the respiratory organs, which may consist of a pair of much
branched filaments, or a pair of tubes or knobs, or may be entirely
wanting. On the abdomen there are frequently a few lateral fila-
ments, and at the caudal end of the lateral fins of the eighth seg-
ment there is often a chitinized comb or spur (pl.22, figs. 8 and
26) with a variable number of teeth depending upon the species.
Usually the dorsum of each abdominal segment is marked by a
‘large number of short and very minute setae arranged in some
constant pattern for a given species (p1.22, figs. 3, 12, 18, 14, 15).
The ninth or anal segment may be provided with a fringe of
matted hairs, forming a paddle, or may have only a few charac-
teristic setae.

182 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM.

Imago. Rather large to very small species, characterized by the
structure of their antennae and the wing venation. Head small,
somewhat compressed laterally; epistome somewhat prominent,
and usually hairy; proboscis short; palpi incurved, four jointed,
the last joint somewhat elongated. Antennae of the male 14-
jointed, the first joint large, disk-like; the second cylindrical,
the following ones rounded and closely crowded, the last joint
very long, often as long as the others taken together; all long
plumose ; that of the female 7-jointed, the first disk-like, the second
cylindrical, the following egg or pear-shaped, short verticillate,
the last one cylindrical or ellipsoidal, short-haired ; eyes reniform,
ocelli are wanting. Mesothorax highly arched, projecting over
the head, without transverse suture, with a depressed area in
front of the scutellum; the pectus deeply arched, scutellum small;
metanotum well developed. Abdomen long and narrow, com-
pressed cylindrical, 8-jointed; hypopygium tong-like. Legs very
slender and long, especially the anterior pair, which are widely
separated from the following pairs; coxae elongated, the tibiae :
sometimes very short, and the metatarsi often much elongated,
the vesture woolly and short, sometimes fringe-like; claws and
pulvilli present. Wings long and slender, hairy or bare, folded
over the abdomen when at rest; in the male often shorter than
the abdomen. Venation as in the figures on pls. 28, 29, 30, and
31; anal angle present; the halteres free.

Van der Wulp (1874) divided this group into a number of genera,
using as characters for the subdivisions the relative length of
the fore tibia to the metatarsus, the condition of the wing, i.e.,
whether hairy or bare, and the course of the cubitus. Descrip-
tions of these genera are given on subsequent pages.

Genus 37. Thalassomyia Schiner
Verh. zool. bot. Gesell. 6:218. 1856
This genus was erected by Schiner (loc. cit.) to contain the

species T. frauenfeldi, of which only the female was
known. More recently Dr Toémésvary (1884) described another
species T. congregatal, and in 1903 the writer described
the male and female of a third, T. obscura. Coquillett
(1902) described a fly which he called Orthocladius

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 183

platypus from Arizona and which probably also belongs to
this genus, making four species thus far known.

The eggs of T. congregata are laid in strings of gelatine,
in which the elongate oval eggs are placed. The larvae of the
two species of which they are known live in rapidly flowing
water. Here the larva spins upon the surface of the rock a
cocuon so loose, transparent, and open that it is not hidden by
it, though it prevents the larva from being washed away. The
larva greatly resembles Diamesa from which the one Ameri-
can species which is known in the larval state can be distin-
guished by the form of its labium. The larva ig pale green in
color with a dark brown head, and without blood-gills on the
ventral surface of the eleventh segment. The pupa is apparently
without thoracic respiratory organs; and the dorsal surface of
the abdomen is provided with numerous setae.

Imago. The genus resembles in many respects both Ortho-
cladius and Diamesa; from the former it may be distin-
guished by its having the fourth tarsal joint of all the feet in both
sexes obcordate and shorter than the fifth; from the latter genus
in having no M-Cu. crossvein (p1.30, fig.12).

Head small, broad, eyes elongate, somewhat emarginate, ocelli
wanting. Antennae 14-jointed in the male, long, densely haired,
the 14th joint like that of Chironomus; antennae of female
7-jointed, sparsely short-haired, joints rounded, basal joint of
both male and female flattened, disk-like. Palpi 4-jointed.
Thorax arched. Abdomen of the male moderately slender, of the -
female shorter and stouter. Legs moderately slender, fore meta-
tarsus shorter than the tibia, the fourth tarsal joint of all the
feet in both sexes shorter than the fifth and obcordate. Wings
bare, venation resembling that of Orthocladius, the M-Cu.
crossvein wanting. The forking of the cubitus may be either
proximad or distad of the R-M crossvein.

KEY TO SPECIES OF THALASSOMYIA
Imagines -

a Dorsum of thorax blackish with indications of three stripes; humeral
spots, scutellum, and pleura yellowish or brownish; abdomen dull
black, first two segments greenish ; length 3 to 5 mm. (New York)

1. obscura
aa Thorax black, humeral spot yellow; length 2.5mm. (Flagstaff, Arizona)
a platy pws

184 : NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1. Thalassomyia obscura Johannsen
1908 Thalassomyia J ohannsen. N. Y. State Museum bul. 68. 437

Larva. ‘The eggs were not found. The larva is 8 to 10 mm. in
length when full grown, pale or yellowish green in color, its
head is dark brown and heavily chitinized. The head is some-
what longer than wide, the dorsal suture well marked. Two setae —
are placed immediately in front of the transverse suture, and at
the apical end of the labrum are two more. The lateral arms of the
ventral surface of the labrum are rather short and stout, and some-
what pointed. The anterior ventral margin of the labrum is provided
with short fleshy filaments instead of. setae as is usually the case in
Chironomus. The antennae are small, the basal joints about
four times as long as wide, each with two terminal pieces, one of
which is four-jointed, the other simple. The mandible is about
twice as long as broad, with five blunt teeth; articulated at the
base is a long slender process with four terminal spines. ‘The
maxillae are short protuberences, covered with pointed projec-
tions, with a very short palpus with its terminal papillae, and
two stout setae projecting ventrad. The hypopharynx is tongue-
like, with two long ‘basal ‘pieces. Its apex and its dorsal surface
are covered with pointed papillae; ventrally there is an open
arched rib. At the cephalic end of the ventral sclerite, and coales-
cent with it, is the labium, with 11 blunt marginal teeth, the
middle one wide and broadly truncated. On the prothoracic seg-
ment are the two prolegs, each with about 30 long curved spines,
and a number of short and very small spines on the ventral sur-
face. At the base is a single slender seta, on each side a little
dorsad of the lateral line are two more, and caudad of these and
below the lateral line a group of three. The eleventh segment is
without blood gills; the twelfth with two comparatively short
legs, each with a crown of 8 to 10 bifid claws; on the dorsal sur-
face are two small protuberences upon each of which is a tuft of
five or six long setae. Between the legs and projecting caudad
are four short blood gills.

Pupa. The pupa is about 4.5 mm. long, with the colors of the
adult. It is: much shorter in comparison to its breadth than is
Chironomus. The wings extend to a little beyond the pos-
terior margin of the second abdominal segment. Wight segments
are present besides the short anal segment. On the dorsum of
each segment, toward the caudal margin, is a transverse band of -
stout black bristles. Each band is composed of five or six rows.
The most caudad of these rows contain the longest bristles.
The anal segment is composed of two small lobes, each with a
single apical bristle. After two to four days of pupal life it
transforms into the imago. (‘See pl.50 in N. Y. State Mus.
Bul. 68.)

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 185

Imago, male. Front and epistome yellow, palpi fuscous, shorter
than the antennae, its first joint about 1.5 times as long as broad,
the second twice, the third three times and the fourth four times
as long as the first. Antennae fuscous, 14-jointed, the first disk-
like, the second longer than broad, the third to the thirteenth
about as long as broad, the fourteenth longer than all the others
taken together; all furnished with long brown hairs except the
apical one-fourth of the fourteenth. Dorsum of the thorax black-
ish ; yellow on the humeri and pleura, covered with a white bloom,
most conspicuous on the humeri. The dorsum of the thorax has
a dirty yellow ground color, but the three black longitudinal
stripes are so wide that only a little of the ground color shows,
excepting on the humeri and the two very narrow faint longi-
tudinal stripes separating the three wide, black ones; the scutel-
lum is chestnut; metathorax black; pectus brown; abdomen dull
black, the dorsum of the first two segments greenish; the extreme
edge of each segment, paler fuscous; the venter greenish, darker,
almost black on the more posterior segments. The green is sharply
separated from the dorsal color on a lateral line. In dried speci-
mens this green color becomes dusky; legs almost black, the coxae
and the bases of the femora yellowish, fore tarsi only pubescent,
not hairy; fore metatarsus about three fourths as long as the
tibia; tarsal claws simple; wings hyaline, hairless, the anterior
veins yellowish, the rest hyaline, venation as in fig.12, pl.50; ante-
rior and posterior margins delicately ciliate; genitalia inconspic-
uous. Halteres white. Length 3 to 5 mm.

Female. Antennae seven-jointed, black, with short hairs.
Thorax with black stripes a little narrower than in the male,
hence the yellow stripes separating them and those on the humeri
more conspicuous. Pectus, scutellum, and a little space in front
of the latter brown; the pectus in dried specimens sometimes
nearly black; pleura yellow, metanotum black; abdomen as with
the male, but the venter is paler; legs black, coxae and bases of
femora yellow; tarsal claws simple; wings hyaline, anterior mar-
gin and tip a little dusky; anterior veins yellow; wing margins
delicately ciliate; venation as with the male; halteres white.
Length 3 to5 mm. Many captured and bred specimens. Ithaca,
oN Y..

2. Thalassomyia platypus Coquillett

4902 Orthocladius Coquillett. Proc.-U. S. Nat. Museum. 25:93

Black, a large dull yellowish humeral spot, halteres, trochanters,
and extreme bases of femora yellow; hairs of antennae dark gray,
thorax opaque, grayish pruinose; tarsi only pubescent, the fourth
joint dilated, emarginate at the apex, noticeably shorter than the
fifth, first joint of front tarsi three fourths as long as the tibiae;

186 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

wings hyaline, small crossveins not darker than the adjacent
veins, not clouded with brown, third vein beyond its middle
Slightly bowing toward the costa; length 2.5 mm. Male. Flag-
Staff, Arizona. New Jersey (Johnson).

Thalassomyia frauenfeldi Schiner
‘eobaid in “An Account of British Flies,” p.262, reproduces
a note of Mr Swainson, which reads in part as follows:

(79

I found this larva several times on Obelia zoophytes
growing at the end of St Anne’s pier. Next J found it on some
Coryne from the Mumbles (Swansea) and more recently I dredged
it from fifteen fathoms off Spanish Head (Isle of Man) adhering
to seaweed. Professor Miall, of Leeds, to whom I sent specimens,
thought it would ultimately turn out that Johnston’s Compon-
tia was Schiner’s Thalassomyia frauenfeldi. This
Seems very possible, as the descriptions are very similar. . .”

The figure given by Theobald (1892) is reproduced on pl.34, fig.1.

Genus 38. Chironomus Meigen
Illiger’s Magaz. 2:260. 1808. (Chironomus, part)

Larva. The larvae of this genus differ from those of the other
genera of the group Chironomus primarily in the form of
the mouth parts, and are known as bloodworms; some species,
however, have pale larvae. The antennae are short, with the
first joint nearly twice as long as the remaining four taken to-
gether. Set on the end of the first joint, there is, besides the
second joint an unsegmented appendage. On the under surface
of the labrum are several pairs of setae and sometimes a pair of
fan-shaped organs, perhaps sense-organs. The epipharynx is well
developed, and on each side of it is a long chitinized, sickle
shaped process, which are called the lateral arms in the following
descriptions (p1.22, fig.10 la. and pl.23, fig.10 Ir). At the anterior
margin of the epipharynx is a minute comb with caudad project-
ing teeth (p1.23, fig. 10 c) ; caudad of these is a horseshoe-shaped.
piece with the open end projecting cephalad (fig.10). Within
this arch are several curved pectinate setae, which may be erected,
though they are usually folded down as shown in the figures. The —
maxilla has, besides the rather prominent palpus, some cephalad
projecting filaments on the outer lateral margin and a number of
setae, papillae and filaments on the inner margin (p1.22, fig.1 mx).
The eleventh abdominal segment has usually though not always.
two pairs of blood gills besides those on the twelfth segment.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 187

Pupa. The pupa usually remains within the tube constructed
by the larva, but is capable of swimming freely like a frog larva.
It is provided with a pair of much branched thoracic filaments,
and its caudal segment is fringed with long matted hairs or
filaments forming a paddle (p1.23, fig.9 f).

Imago. The genus Chironomus as restricted by Van der
Wulp (1874 and 1877, p.245) is defined by him in the latter work
as follows: Face usually hairy, lengthened downward snout-like;
proboscis short, palpi bent, 4-jointed, the last joint elongated.
Antennae filiform, in the male 14-jointed, the first joint short,
disk-like, the second cylindrical, the following rounded, closely
3 sessile, the end joint very long and slender, all long and densely
plumose; toward the tip the hairs become gradually shorter; in
the female the antennae are much shorter, 7-jointed ; the first joint
short, disk-like, the second cylindrical, the following four oval,
sparsely haired, the last joint somewhat elongate. The eyes on
their mesal margin deeply emarginate, ocelli wanting: Thorax
highly arched, more or less projecting over the head, flattened in
front of the scutellum, pectus very prominent, scutellum small;
metanotum well-developed; the markings of the thorax, if not
unicolored, consist of three, usually wide longitudinal stripes, of
which the median is posteriorly and the two laterals anteriorly
abbreviated; sometimes the median stripe is divided longitudin-
ally by a fine line, which continues to the scutellum. Abdomen
¢ylindrical, in the male sometimes flattened, the last or anal seg-
ment distinctly separated from the preceding, longer than broad,
the genitalia projecting tong-like, the claspers filiform or leaf-like.
Legs long and slender, particularly the fore pair, of which the
tibiae are frequently very short, while the fore metatarsus is
always longer than its tibia; the fore tarsi of the male are some-
times peculiarly haired; the tarsal claws and pulvilli upon all
the feet are small but distinct. The wings are bare, in the male
often shorter than the abdomen, the anal angle always present,
sometimes strongly projecting; subcostal vein delicate but dis-
tinct, as is also R, which enters the costa beyond the middle of
the wing; R,., emerges from the small crossvein, at its extremity
usually slightly curved downward, entering the margin not far
from the apex of the wing; the media is unbranched and joins

- 188 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the wing margin at or a little below the apex; the cubitus is
forked; the R-M crossvein is at about the mid length of the wing;
the humeral crossvein is sometimes wanting.

'To the above description I may add that R,., is present though
usually quite delicate. The male genitalia consist of a dorsal
downward curved keel, a pair of elongate lateral lobes, a pair of
inferior and a pair of superior lobes (p1.32, fig. 7 to 13).

KEY TO SPECIES OF CHIRONOMUS
Larvae
The tooth on the middle line of a labium having an odd number of teeth
will be called the middle or median tooth, the first tooth laterad of this.
will be called the first lateral; the second, the second lateral, and so on.
When there is an even number of teeth, the first one laterad of the median.
line will be called the first lateral; the second, the second lateral, ete.
@ Labium with an odd number of teeth (i. e. center line bisects the middle
tooth )
b Middle tooth broadly truncate, pl.21, fig.18; pl.28, fig.15
ce First lateral tooth smaller than the second, second truncate, pl.23,
Ph es cee ie ed Spek Be aptar a tel a at oe Sates Tota ee Rea ee 59. ?plumosus
ce First lateral about same size as the third..... 16. flavicingula
bb Middle tooth rounded
c Middle tooth trilobed
@ Teeth short, pl.23, e840... rata et ya 60. decorus n.sp.
dd Teeth long, pl.23;fig.13...... Bae a aang Deh ggsy ty ern 19: CATT? so
ce Middle tooth simple .
d First and second lateral teeth rather closely united, pl. 21, fig.1
€- Peethy as. shown oni yo) 2a ey ee ree ee ee ee 25. tenellus
ee First and second laterals more distinctly separated than shown
GO GHIS: “Pte Ae. Bees Ge ae eel See ee a eee 48. dux Dn. sp.
dd First and second laterals as distinctly separ ated as the other —
teeth
e Middle tooth shorter than the first laterals; blood red larva
80. Chir. sp.
ee Middle tooth as long or longer than the laterals
f Second and third laterals longer than the first laterals and —
closely united, p1.37, pout Oot Saeco oie aah Me 68a. tentans
ff Not as above
g Second laterals longer than the first and third
h As shown on pl.28, fig.1..... sisi Melgodnnane 60a. dorsalis
hh AS shown om, pleai, Te25 os. 6 os. cetclenee eae 638. prasinus
gg Teeth gradually becoming smaller from the median line
towards the lateral margin
h Teeth almost uniform in size, pl.22, fig.7..81. Chir. sp.
hh Middle tooth distinctly larger
4 Middle tooth semicircular, pl.23, fig.3..52. lobiferus
41. Middle tooth hyperbolic, pl.22, fig.11..48. modestus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 189

aa@ Labium with an even number of teeth
b The two middle teeth much paler in color than the others, pl.22, fig.22
- 82; .C hii ts sp:
bb The teeth uniformly dark
c Middle pair (first laterals) shorter than the second laterals, pl.22,

eer Oe eat tnet aici'e! Saige ei a's eu okie ale a's, 4,376 44, fulviventris n.sp.
ce Middle pair as long or lenger than the laterals
d@ Middle pair (first laterals) noticeably longer than the second
laterals

e Third laterals longer than the second, pl.22, fig.1
41. flavus n.sp.
ee Third laterals about same size as the second ; bloodworms, pl.21,
EEE HOES OL ce oad Leah ha Sawa del S20, RL STLCans. 1D. sp:
dd The middle pair about the same size as the second laterals;
bloodworms, p1.23, fig.6, No. 83; and pl.22, fig.21, No. 84

Pupae

ad Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment terminates in a spur, which
may be simple or toothed
b Spur simple, without teeth

c Abdominal segments each with a few long setae, pl. 29. fig. 20

40. ?fulvus n.sgp.
ce Abdominal segments each with a Mn of very minute spines
d Spurs of eighth segment stout, pl.23, fig.12..60. decorus n.sgp.
dd Spurs slender and seta-like

GENEG Dieeo nes. Goan Wes. sdb wecelck tas eo 43. modestus
eee Woes. 2 NO. So 6 sicis wc cade ees pel. ow temellus

bb Spur, if present, with teeth
eau wanine plo? Todos hae ee 43b. Var. of modestus

ce Spur present

d “Large species over 15 mm. in length, pl.23,. fig.14

59, PT plumosus
dd Smaller species

e Hach abdominal segment with a fuscous transverse band near
the anterior margin, produced at the ends into lateral longi-
tudinal vittae, pl.22, figs. 3 and 4......... 41. flavus n.sp.
ee Not so marked. Species from Saranac Inn, p].22, figs. 18 and 17,

and fig.18 (perhaps Tanytarsus sp.) °

ad Lateral fin with a comb of three or more teeth
b Comb with three distinct teeth, Dl 22, fig.26
44. fulviventris n.gp.
bb Comb not as shown in this figure
e The median abdominal segments each marked with three trans-
verse bands; the first and third narrow, the middle one wide with
a number of hyaline spots, pl.21, figs. 16 and 17
Gi. fey GF We Wa
cc Abdominal segments not so marked

d in nearly mature pupae may be seen the lobes on the dorsum of
each abdominal segment of the enclosed imago, pl.23, figs. 4
ENR Rie ae ae cide Tahara ee once at uy key Gh are © sated aisceyn We! 52. lobiferus

190 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

dd Not as above

2 Dorsum of each median abdominal segment marked with spines
of several sizes; those in a transverse row near the anterior

and the posterior margins are most prominent
32. Digricans nN. sp;
ee The spines most conspicuous in two oblong patches beyond the

middle of each segment

f The teeth of the comb of the eighth segment projects caudad,
pl22; Hes. To and, WGiae a0e% soe 48a. Var.aofmodestus
ff Teeth of the comb of the eighth segment project laterad.
Markings on the abdomen resembles pl.22, fig.15, but covers
more area on the anterior segments........ 48. dux D.sp.

Weyenbergh (1874) gives a few notes on the larvae of several
species, among others, C. nubeculosus, diversus,
riparius, annularis, chloris, \virescems, amd
tentans. Of tentans only is a description given. Doctor
Dyar (1902) gives descriptions of larva and pupa of C. anony-
mus Will. (No. 55). This description is in part reproduced on
a subsequent page. 7

Imagines

Most of Say’s and Wiedemann’s species have been recognized and have
been placed in the following key. Of Walker’s species only one or two
have been recognized and for this reason a separate key is pogll upon a
subsequent page for them:

a Wings with spots or cross bands
b Dorsum of thorax polished black (humeri may be yellow)
c Humeral region of thorax tinged with yellow, wing with only a faint
ClOUR ae Bass Oi, pasts See Baa cee ORES ee Pane ane {brachii alas
ce Thorax entirely black (var. of above?)........... 2 atrimanus
bb Dorsum of thorax not polished black
c Wings with spots
d Each wing with about eleven spots; brownish or greyish species ;
38mm. in length (New: Mexico).............. 3. varipennis
dd Wings not so marked
e Thorax’ pale yellow, wing with four spots; length 1.2 mm.
Cub AN: SSPECIOS Sa is untee Spee otaset tus ot eae eeae 4. octopunctatus
ee Thorax brownish
f Wing with three dark spots; thorax indistinctly striped ; abdo-
men dusky; length 2 to 2.5 mm...........: 5 Sscalaenus
ff Wing with five or six spots, or bars; abdomen of female with
whitish posterior margins to the segments; length 2 mm..
CSt2Vimneent, Islam sata caer amet ie ...6. spilopterus
ce Wings with cross bars

d Brownish species; abdomen of female black with white posterior

margins to the segments ; pent 2mm. (St Vincent Island)
6. spilopterus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 191

dd Yellowish or greenish species
e Legs pale; tibiae with black tips; thorax and abdomen yellow ;
| EcOTEl Ceepes S T'S” Alar te lac %. fascipennis
ee Some or all femora partly black; metanotum with brown vittae
or spots; length about 4 mm.
f ‘‘Metanotum marked with a transverse pair of triangular
PAEORV IES HOES eae re Stara tore: «'%0) arc arece «ee 4.0" s 8. taeniapennis
ff ‘‘Metanotum marked with a pair of brown spots which
approach each other posteriorly.” (This may be a synonym
of the taeniapennis above)..9. pulchripennis
aa Wings unmarked, excepting sometimes with darkened crossvein
b Dorsum of thorax and abdomen black. The former may have indis-
tinct stripes and the latter may have paler incisures
ce Legs black or fuscous
d 'Thorax shining black ‘
e Halteres white; wings white, immaculate; male; length
£ PED ETMUT TIS Medes a) cc hatearonas ete a aroma tater ote Whe Mera tetera 10. brunnipes
ee Halteres with brown knob; wings hyaline, very slightly smoky,
with anterior veins and crossvein brown; fore metatarsus
nearly twice as long as its tibia; length 3.5 mm.
11. brunneipennis 2.gp.
dd Thorax grayish, with black stripes; abdomen black
e Abdomen uniformly dark brown or black; halteres white with
end Of knob DrOWl. es fo hee Ss sos 12. caliginosus Dn.gp.
ee Abdomen with whitish incisures or margins
f Fore metatarsus 14 longer than its tibia; halteres dark in the
male, paler in the female; anterior tarsi of the male with
GTP Ra AE EAET Sale (sSisars va Sait da'ta rt evar at obs teens) cite e'« 13. niveipennis
ff Fore metatarsus 4% longer than its tibia
g Anterior tarsi of the male long-haired; abdominal segments
with narrow white posterior margins; wings hyaline with
black crossvein (Greenland)....... 14. hyperboreus
gg Anterior tarsi of the male short-haired; abdominal seg-
ments with cinereous margins; wings slightly cinereous
15. staegeri
ce Legs more or less pale
d Halteres with gray or black knobs
e Femur black with yellow apical ring; tibia black and yellow;
wings with black crossvein............ iG Llayvreine:g ul a
ee~-Legs not so marked
f Mesonotum and scutellum shining black
11. brunneipennis n.gp.
ff Mesonotum pruinose, scutellum yellowish; length 2.3 mm.
. i] halteralis
dd Halteres with pale knobs
e€ Basal joint or joints of abdomen yellow
f First and second abdominal segments yellow; male
1S WLC herlws
ff Kirst segment only yellow............... TOY 2 ae x N.. Sp:

192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ee Basal joints black
f Crossvein clouded with black or brown
g Fore metatarsus about 114 times its tibia in length; ante-
rior tarsi of both sexes very slender and without hairs or
with but few hairs; legs pale........... 20. riparius
gg Fore metatarsus less than 114 times its tibia in length;
anterior tarsi of the male bearded
h The second fore tarsal joint shorter than the third; male >
fore tarsi long and densely bearded... .21. barbi pes
hh The second fore tarsal joint longer than the third; male
: fore tarsi long but thinly bearded....22. annularis
ff Crossvein not clouded
g Length about 7mm.; black, abdomen black, in the male
Sometimes with yellow latteral spots; male fore tarsi
delicately bearded; fore metatarsus about 144 times the
length of dts “tibia: rac Aes J We atigen cee 23. dispar.
gg Length less than 6mm.
h Thorax shining black, not striped; abdomen black
4 Legs blackish, fore metatarsi white; length 4 mm.
24. albimanus
ui Legs pale yellow; abdomen of female with paler base;
leneth= 3.5 Minit se. eels sites cee ee cues 25. tenellus
hh Thorax duller, with indications of black or grey stripes
4 Abdomen either olive green, or black and white
j With dark olive green abdomen; legs ferruginous;
length 4.5mm.; male. ........... 06. 26. echloris
jj With white posterior margin on each abdominal seg-
ment; legs black and white; length 4 to 5mm.
k Fore femora black, fore metatarsus less than 1.33
times as long as its tibia...... 21. GevineLiws
kk Middle section of each femur, white; fore meta-
tarsus about 1.66 times its tibia in length
28. (Californie us) fis
4 Abdomen black
j Thorax blackish with black stripes; legs wholly
white, except sometimes middle section of fore
femora is brownish (abdomen of male is white) ;
PETMATS! Spec aredate ste tare eter eens oe. Nigraicans psp:
jj Thorax dark brown with broad yellowish median
vitta on anterior half and a pair of gray vittae on
posterior part; abdomen velvet-black, hairs yellow
(District-of Columbia) .......... 29. palliatus
bb Thorax or abdomen or both with considerable green or yellow or gray.
c Thorax entirely shining black, excepting sometimes the humerus,
which may be yellow
ad Abdomen yellow with brown bands............ 1. brachialis
dd Abdomen bright green, paler when dry, posterior segments darker
e Halteres wholly pale...... calpegateg ata (apis tate te as cee 30. pedellus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 193

BemElaIbeRES: With DIAG: TDs vate als oreia sb sc sa4 cone e's She pedest ris
ce Thorax not shining black
d Legs dark brown; thorax yellow with three black stripes; female
10. brunnipes
dd Legs more or less yellow

e Thorax dark brown with three broad black stripes; abdomen
nearly white, excepting sometimes the last three segments;

incisures occasionally slightly fuscous
f Legs white, the middle section of each fore femur occasionally
TONES MOURNS conte ae asuaks'e.9 shave» « a2 . RISriecans nesp:

basal one third or one half of each tibia black; middle
and hind knees sometimes also darkened ; last three abdomi-
nal segments blackish; male.............. 30. pedellus
ee Thorax not so marked when the abdomen is pale
f Abdomen fuscous, the anterior segments yellowish green
338. aberrans D. sp.
{f Abdomen not marked in this manner
g Abdomen nearly uniform in color
h Abdomen brown, olive green or black
4 Abdomen dark olive green; legs ferruginous; fore
femora dark ; crossvein not clouded ; female
x 26. 2 OLE Es
4% Abdomen dark green, brown or black
j Thorax yellow unstriped; abdomen brown; legs yel-
low ; length 3 to 4mm. (St Vincent Island)
34. lugubris—
jj Thorax brown or yellowish with stripes
k Legs wholly yellow; abdomen black with yellowish
BASEer fener sa Si eis owes wes 25. tenellus
kk Legs partly brownish
1 Thorax dark brown with broad yellow median
vitta, and a pair of gray vittae on posterior
part; abdomen velvet black; anterior femora
DG WMS Hera aie aie cle scatetese Spies 29. palliatus
ll Thorax with black or brown stripes
m Halteres pale; female with dark greenish abdo-
men; fore metatarsus nearly twice as long

PV Sy 0G Co Es PR ia 35. fumidus n.sp.
mm Knob of halteres with a dark tip; abdomen
ENISCOUISY Sir cle 12 ecaliginosus n.sp.

hh Abdomen pale, bright green or yellow; in dried speci-
mens sometimes somewhat brownish; crossvein uncol-
_ Orem

4 Species exceeding 614 mm. in length
j Abdomen of female yellow; male with darker mark-
ings in front of incisures; pectus, metanotum and
scutellum pale; dorsum yellow with three dark yel-
low stripes; length 6.5 to 7.5mm...36. tendens

194 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

jj Thorax pale greenish, with a “ fuscous longitudinal
line on the anterior dilated line”’...87.lineatus
ai Species less than 6 mm. in length
j Thorax reddish yellow, shining, with three dark
brown stripes; metanotum brown, scutellum yel-
low; abdomen green (when dried sometimes
brownish) ; legs yellow; tarsal articulations usually
darkened; fore metatarsus but little longer than
its tibia; length 5 toGmm..... 38. albipennis
jj Not as above; thoracic stripes buff-colored
k Thorax and abdomen green, the former with a
median black line, besides the usual buff-colored
stripes; metanotum with a black spot; length |
BAT oo ad ea ee Ro ee ds 39. taenionotus
kk Thorax without the black median line
L Species having the fore metatarsus more than
124 times as long as its tibia 2
m Yellow species (in dried specimens)
nm Deep yellow species, usually 3 to 4.5mm. in
length; fore metatarsus about 1.75 times
the length of its tibia; female
40. fulvus n.sp.
ni Pale yellow species with a striped thorax;
abdomen having a greenish tinge in living
specimen; length 2 to 2.5 mm.
41. flavus n.sp.
mm Abdomen green and usually thorax also
n Fore tibia two thirds as long as its femora,
fore metatarsus nearly twice as long as the
tibia ; length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.
42, brevitibialis
nn Fore tibia more than two thirds as long as
the femora
o Species 3.5 mm. or more in length ,
» Male genitalia with the lateral arms
slender, and somewhat lanceolate;
thorax with buff-colored stripes; its
ground color greenish yellow or yel-
low in the male; green in the female
43. modestus
pp Genitalia of male with the lateral arms
much prolonged and clubbed at the
end, pl.382, fig.9
43. Var. b modestus
oo Species 3mm..or less in length
43. Var. a. modestus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 195

11 The fore metatarsus less than 1.4 times as long
as its tibia
nv Yellow or whitish species =
n Deep yellow species; female with greenish
tinged abdomen; male with brown abdom-
inal fasciae; fore metatarsus about 1%
times as long as its tibia; length 4 to
001100 ee re 44, fulviventris n.gp.
nn Species with white or very slightly green-
tinted abdomen; thorax testaceous; knees
blackish, fore metatarsus about 1.25 times
as long as its tibia; length 4mm. (See
alsoUNO: BA) oo ces 45. pallidus n.sp.
mm Green species
nm Joints of the legs each with a moderately
wide black apical band; fore femora and
fore metatarsus of about equal length and
each about 1.33 longer than the tibia
46. frequens n.sp.
nn Joints of legs without distinct black apices
o Fore femora and tibiae of equal length;
fore metatarsus about 1.33 times as long
as the tibia; fore tarsi of male hairy
ALON LEVEES
oo Fore femora noticeably longer than the
tibiae; fore tarsi of male bare
48. dux n.gp.
gg Abdomen bicolored, each segment with crossbands or
marked incisures which may be light or dark, yellowish
or brownish
lh Thorax with wide black stripes
i Species over 7mm. in length; thorax green or greenish
yellow in ground color; thoracic stripes shining;
legs yellowish, knees, fore tibiae, and tarsi in part,
blackish; crossvein clouded....49. viridicollis
ii Species 5mm. or less in length
j Thorax reddish with black stripes; scutellum black,
abdomen yellow and black; legs and antennae yel-
low; length 5mm.; male.........50. jucundus
jj Thorax yellow with a blackish V-shaped mark on the
dorsum; abdomen yellow with black band on pos-
terior margins of segments 1 and 2; fourth and
part of fifth black; metatarsus 1.25 times as long
as the fore tibia (St Vincent Island)
Hie) Olle 1m. an ws
hh Thorax with grayish, brownish or ferruginous stripes
4 With an oval lobe or mace shaped prominence on each.
abdominal segment; wings with faint cloud on cross-
Wetien Neme TIMI) sc ales se wee LODIferus

196

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

4% Abdomen not marked in this manner
j Crossvein pale
k Abdomen yellowish green; black or brown mark-
ings in front of the incisures
1 Thorax pale greenish, the dilated lines yellowish
testaceous with a “longitudinal narrow line
very distinct and fuscous on the anterior
dilated line;” length 7.5mm. (=lineola
Wied.) »-(TINDOIS) ie. os ces av. lineatus
ll Without fuscous line on the anterior dilated line
m Ground color of thorax pale greenish (when
recent); abdomen pale greenish, the seg-
ments distinctly tipped with blackish above;
length 6.5 to 9mm. (This may be a syno-
“TNyYM) -Of LEWGENS))s-. oo. Soh fae 53: °L OS CL VALS
mm Ground color of thorax yellowish
n Length 6.5 to 7.4mm. Abdominal segments
slightly darker on apical margin
: 36. tendens
nn Length 5 mm. or less
o Thoracic stripes brownish; fore metatar-
sus about one fourth longer than its
EID ae Gaga s ee 51. longimanus
oo Dark yellow species; abdomen yellow with
ferruginous transverse bands on the seg-
ments; fore metatarsus one eighth longer
than tibia ; male
44, fulviventris 2.sp.
kk Abdomen not marked thus; species 5mm. or less
in length
t Thorax yellow, not striped; abdomen yellow;
fore metatarsus one fourth longer than its
tibia; length 2 to 2.5mm.; male (St Vincent
Island) ........54 willistoni nom. nov.
ll Thorax striped
m Abdomen yellow with ferruginous transverse
bands on the segments; fore metatarsus
about one eighth longer than its tibia; legs
yellowish ; male
44, fulviventris ngp.
mm Abdomen more or less brown or dusky
n Abdomen black with the first segment and
the distal part of the next 2 or 3 yellow-
ish; fore metatarsus twice as long as its
tibia ; length 4 to 5mm.; male (St Vincent
DASE 0X6 8) anaes ape adel oie SOR AA a 55. anonymus
nn Abdomen not marked in this manner
o Abdomen black with segments 7 and 8 yel-
low ; the fore metatarsus about one third
longer than its tibia (St Vincent Island)
56. innocuus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 197

oo Abdomen brown, posterior margins of
anterior segments widely yellowish, with
cinereous bloom; crossvein indistinctly
clouded; fore metatarsus over two
thirds longer than its tibia; length 3 to
4mm. (Illinois and New York)

bi. SEMIlis n, Sp.
jj Crossvein clouded with brown
k Brownish species with strongly defined wing veins;
VOTE Gi WTI, es POS w ols ahs vbw a Hels 58. redeuns
kk Not such species
l Fore tibiae blackish; in mature specimens the
dorsal stripes and metanotum black ; fore meta-
tarsus 1.5 times longer than its tibia; length
he LO gor TEENS 0 8 craves, ooh ce she 49. viridicollis
ll Fore tibiae pale
m Large species 10 or 12mm. in length; fore
metatarsus 1.25 times the length of its tibia;
male fore tarsi long haired
nm With dusky thoracic stripes
59. plumosus
nn With reddish thoracic stripes
59a. ferrugineovittatus
mm Smaller species
n Dorsum of thorax whitish or pale cinereous
or greenish, with reddish stripes
o Fore metatarsus over 1.33 times its tibia
in length; male fore tarsi bare
p Metanotum reddish or brownish, fore
metatarsus 1.6 times its tibia; length
Pie Wi LIM air, a teporaia adore ese 60. decorus
pp Metanotum blackish; fore metatarsus
less than 1.5 times its tibia in length
60a. dorsalis

oo Fore metatarsus about 1.2 times its tibia
in length; male fore tarsi hairy ; abdom-
inal fasciae reddish, incisures whitish;

length 7.5 mm. 61. stigmaterus
nn Dorsum of thorax with brown or cinereous
stripes

o Length 3 or 4mm.; fore metatarsus about
two thirds longer than its tibia
. 57. similis
oo Larger species
p Fore tarsi of male bare
q Male claspers slender; fore metatar-
sus about 1.5 times its tibia in
length; dorsum of thorax yellow
i with brownish gray stripes; head
blackish; length 8 mm.
62. cristatus

198 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

qq Male claspers stout; abdomen gray,
segments with pale margins |

62a. tentans

pp Male fore tarsi with long hairs; fore

metatarsus about one fourth longer

! than its tibia; abdomen with a tinge
of green. (=intermedius)

63. prasinus

Auciliary key to species of Chironomus (sens. lat.)

This key contains those species of the group Chironomus, the
descriptions of which are too brief or imperfect to permit of a place in the
foregoing or in the keys which are to follow. With but three exceptions
the species contained in it were described by Francis Walker:

a Abdomen dark. Species with brown, gray or black thorax, usually not

striped
b Hairy black species, 7.5mm. long; wings white with fuscous costa ;
halteres a dirty ochre; Arctic species......... 64. polaris Kirby

bb Not as above
ec With dark halteres
d Species 5mm. or more in length; legs dull yellow; hairy; fore
feet.very long.) 3s ae ere ee ee ee ee ee 65. attenuatus
dd Less than 2 mm. in length

c Length 2 mm.; chest thick ; wings white; bare; male

66. crassicollis
ee Length 1 mm.; wings hyaline; hairy?......67. fimbriatus

ce With pale halteres :
d Tibiae and tarsi with black articulations; black species; 4.5 mm.
long; abdomen yellow at base; wing with cross band; bare
68. nigritibia
dd Not as above :
e Gray species; abdomen black with white rings; length 6 mm.;
AT CLIC "SUECIOS Fcc oc oe oe ee eee 69. borealis Curt.

ee Brown species

f Species 6mm. long. Thorax reddish striped, pleura whitish ;

abdomen dark brown, incisures paler; wings whitish, bare;
TMALS is L ie phe sa ate eae es eae te ee ike cee ne (0. -a 1 DPS rea
ff Species less than 4 mm. in length
g Length 35mm. Thorax brown, gray-striped; halteres yel-

low: savings. hairy? maless. 25 os. 5% <n 71. brunneus
gg Length 1mm. Thorax brown; halteres pale brown; wings
Hai?» i, ste Vn coo eines 6f. Timbriatiws:

aa Abdomen usually pale; species with green, pale red or yellow thorax ;
striped, excepting in a few of the palest
b Abdomen dark brown, or if not, then with black markings or margins
on the anterior segments
ce Posterior margin of segments black; thorax with broad black
stripes; scutellum black; length 5mm.; male....50. jucundus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 199

ce Abdomen brown with paler margins
d With metathorax black, femora yellow, tarsi dark, wings with the
usual spot; hairy? Length 5mm.; male....... 72 lasiopus
dd Not as above :

e Thorax reddish, striped, with two white side stripes; pleura
hoary ; scutellum pale red; legs pale tawny; tips of thighs,
shanks, and feet darker; wings bare. Length 6 mm.

(Qe 2EDLS trae
ee Thorax testaceous with three brown stripes; pleura pale with
dusky spots; abdomen with spots on sides of last two seg-
ments; middle and hind tibiae dusky; wings unspotted (see
One th. Pa (hb WS). cat acces fk ses 6 oceanicus Packard
bb Abdomen, basal half at least, yellow or green, no black markings on
anterior segments
ec Wings with a brown cross band; body straw-colored; length 3 mm. ;
PAM (HADTEAG WIMKMOWID) oleic: a's voles a oe ee bees 6 fe hilaris
ce Wings without band
dad With brownish or reddish abdomen and thorax

e Fuscous species 3.5mm. long; male; wings hairy?

71. brunneus
ee Abdomen brown with broad, dingy, yellow bands on posterior
part of the segments; metathorax black; wings with stigma ;
DAE Yo) MUCNOEMIO MMA es ces ekaieg ce we eee shee eek (2a lLasiopws
dd With yellow or greenish thorax and abdomen
e Species 5mm. or more in length
f Large species 9mm. in length, with green thorax; abdomen
yellow ; wings white; hairy? (See the genus HEurycne-
Eta S ceed errctaee cut ha oh pace cat eS: hale eva toy aes lasiomerus
ff Species 5 to 6 mm. in length
g Saffron or pale orange-colored species; legs pale yellow;
wings hyaline, fringed, hairy? Female. (See the genus
IRIeUIMAVEC 11 OPTIMUS) his we ase ci clcte eitkala eee 'vs Bare. e's sere unicolor
gg Thorax silky white with three tawny stripes; abdomen
yellow, last two segments dull; legs yellow, a tawny
band around each thigh; wings hairy?....74. anticus
ee Species 2.5 mm. or less in length

f General color citron yellow; the thoracic stripes each with a

black dot at tip; wing bare? Length 2.25 mm.
to. Dimacul a

ff Without black dot at tip of each thoracic stripe
g Thorax pale yellowish green, with three dull red stripes;
metathorax brown; length 2mm.; male and female;
UMMC RIC BE W Chee ccc ce: ae Wie al e'ard-c Biers Geared «0 (6. COMPLI TS
gg General color yellowish green
h Length 1.5mm.; antennae pale brown; wings deeply
PUNO Mane ihe ko ele Ss kcal. 6. a's ee te pelluerdwus
hh Length 2mm.; antennae yellow; male; wings hairy?

78. trichomerus

200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1. Chironomus brachialis Coquillett.

1901 Chironomus Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum. 238:607
1902 Chironomus ?atrimanus Cog. Proc. Nat. Mus. 25:94

Male. Head black, the face brownish yellow, mouth parts
brown, first joint of antennae black, the others yellow, hairs of
antennae pale yellow, changing into white at their apices; thorax
and scutellum black, polished; abdomen yellow, middle of dorsum
of second segment prolonged to the lateral margin at the hind
end, on the front end extending entirely around the segment,
narrow bases of the three succeeding segments and whole of the
following ones, including the genitalia, brown; legs yellow, apex
of front femora, front tibiae and their tarsi except the basal two
thirds of first joint, knees of other legs, apices of their tibiae,
sutures of first three tarsal joints and whole of the two following
brown, front tarsi fringed with rather long hairs on outer side of
second and third joints; wings bare, basal portion hyaline and
with yellow veins, the remainder grayish hyaline and with brown-
ish veins, an indistinct darker brown spot on the small crossvein ;
halteres yellow. Length 5 mm.

Female. As in the male except that the first antennal joint is
yellow, broad humeral region tinged with yellow, second and three
following abdominal segments largely brownish (front tarsi want-
ing), wings with.a broad brown cross band which in its outer
portion includes the small crossvein. Habitat Westville, N. J.

A male specimen from Ithaca, N. Y., agrees with the above
description excepting that the antennal hairs are wholly yellow.
In this specimen the thorax when viewed obliquely is faintly pol-
linose; the last three abdominal segments are flattened; the geni-
talia rather short; the fore metatarsus is about one fourth longer
than its tibia; and the venation as shown on pl.28, fig.1.

2. Chironomus atrimanus Coquillett
1902 Chironomus Coquillett. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:94

This may possibly be identical with the preceding.

Female. Head yellowish brown, antennae yellow, the last joint
and the mouth parts brown; thorax and scutellum black, highly
polished; abdomen somewhat polished, black, the first segment
yellow, hind margins of three to six yellowish; legs yellow, front
tibiae and their tarsi black, apices of femora, both ends of middle
and hind tibiae, apices of joints of their tarsi and whole of the last
two joints blackish, front tibiae four fifths as long as the first
joint of their tarsi; wings strongly tinged with yellow on the basal
third, followed by a wide brown band extending from costa to fifth

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 201

vein (cubitus) remainder of wing hyaline; halteres yellow; length
4.5mm. Kansas City, Missouri.

3. Chironomus varipennis Coquillett
1902 Chironomus Coquillett. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:94

Male. Head and body dark brown, a large dull yellowish hu-
meral spot, antennae except the first joint yellow, the hairs gray ;
thorax opaque, largely gray pruinose, narrow hind margins of
abdominal segments gray pruinose; femora brown, the ends nar-
rowly and a band before the apex of each, yellow; front tibiae
very short, yellow, the bases brown, other tibiae brown, an indis-
tinct yellowish ring beyond the base; front tarsi wanting, the
others yellow; wings whitish, marked with 11 brown spots as
follows: Three in a row behind the fifth vein (cubitus), one before
middle and another in middle of apical margin of third posterior
cell (cell Cu,) one in base of first posterior (cell R,;,), another
in the cell below it, and a third midway between the latter and the
base of this cell, one in middle and another in apex of first pos-
terior cell (cell R,-,), also a small one in apex of second posterior
cell (cell M); halteres whitish; length,8 mm. Las Vegas, Hot
Springs, N. M.

4, Chironomus octopunctatus Loew
1861 Chironomus Loew.’ Wiener Ent. Monatschr. 5:33
tieeewironomius O..S. Catl. N. A. Dipt.. .p.21

Male and female. Pallidly yellow, the tips of femora and tibiae
black, wings with four blackish spots. Length 1.2 mm., wing
1.3 mm.

Very pale yellow, legs whitish; posterior part of the thorax
Shining white and on each side with a darker line. The abdomen
fuscous with posterior margin of each segment pale yellow. The
tips of the femora rather widely, and of the tibiae rather narrowly,
black. Anterior tarsi six times longer than the tibiae. Wings
whitish, veins pale yellow; each wing with four blackish spots,
in certain lights iridescent; the first is at the anterior fork, the
second is between that and the tip of the wing; the other two are
at the posterior margin; one of them, composed of two contiguous
spots, is situated where the second branch of the cubitus enters
the wing margin, the second one midway between this and the
base of the wing. Cuba. Translation. Loew, loc. cit.

5. Chironomus scalaenus Schrank

1808 Tipula Schrank. Fauna Boica. 3:73, 2324

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:54
1850 Chironomus Zetterstedt. Dipt. Scand. 9:3501
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:600
1877 Chironomus VY. 4d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 1:266

202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

, Head dark brown; the palpi lighter, the antennae yellowish,
the antennal hairs of the male pale brown. Thorax and abdo-
men blackish brown, the thorax sometimes a little lighter with
indistinct stripes; the next to the last abdominal segment of the
male is broad, the last much smaller; the claspers yellowish, fili-
form, quite long; the hairs of the abdomen pale yellow. Legs
pale yellow; the extreme tip of each tibia with a brown spot; the
fore metatarsus is fully twice as long as its tibia; the fore tarsi
of the male slightly hairy, yet not bearded. Halteres pale yellow.
Wings with a whitish tint and three gray spots which are par-
ticularly distinct in the female; one in the anal cell, another in
the fork of the cubitus and the last distad of the crossvein.
Length 2 to 2.9 mm. Translation.. V. d. Wulp. loc. cit.

This fly has been recorded from New Hampshire. About a dozen
specimens, male and female, from Ithaca, N. Y. and Washington
State agree with the above description excepting in the following
particulars: The space separating the two larger spots upon the
wing is filled by a very faint cloudiness; the thorax and abdomen
are rather brownish in color, the segments of the latter with indis-
tinct paler posterior margins, in some specimens the bases of the
femora and the tarsi are slightly infuscated and the fore meta-
tarsus is 17 instead of twice as long as its tibia. The length also
ranged from 1.5 to 2 mm. instead of from 2 to 3 mm. (pl.28, fig.2).
As I had no European specimens for comparison I hesitated to
pronounce my specimens as distinct species.

6. Chironomus spilopterus Williston

1896 Chironomus Williston. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 273
(P1.28, fig.3)

Male and female. Face and front yellowish brown. Basal joint
of antennae brownish-yellow; flagellum brownish, the plumosity
of the male antennae blackish gray. Mesonotum brown or yellow-
ish brown, lightly white dusted; in well preserved specimens
brown vittate on the sides, and in front in the middle. Pleura
black, in part luteous. Scutellum yellow or yellowish brown.
Abdomen black, with yellowish hair; in the male, slender; in the
female, broader, and with whitish posterior margins to the
segments. Legs yellow, with rather abundant yellow hair; femora
in part brown or brownish; front tibiae not more than one half
of the length of the front metatarsi. Wings whitish hyaline, with
pale blackish spots, which are more distinct when seen obliquely,
and situated as follows: One near the base, another near the mid-
dle, and a third near or at the tip of the first posterior cell

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 203

(cell R,,;) ; a streak near the middle, and a spot near the tip of
the cell in front of the forked cell; a spot on the posterior branch
of the furcation, and one or two in the anal angle. Length 1.75
to 2.25 mm. St Vincent Island.

7. Chironomus fascipennis Zetterstedt

1888 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. 813, 21
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Seand. 9:3505
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:599

Male. Wholly pale yellow, not shining; the antennae testace-
ous, somewhat infuscated, the first joint yellow, the hairs sordidly
yellow. The eyes black. The palpi fuscous. The thorax with
three yellow stripes; the wings hyaline, with two moderately
wide fuscous cross bands, one at the middle of the wing, rather
faint, the other a little more distinct at the tip; besides this there
is°a fuscous spot at the base. Halteres white. The legs pale,
somewhat. pilose, middle and hind tibae with black tips. Anterior
tarsi bare. Leneth3.5mm. New Jersey (Johnson).

8. Chironomus taeniapennis Coquillett

1901 Chironomus Coquillett. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 23:607
1902 Chironomus ?pulchripennis Coquillett. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus. 25:94

Female. Yellow, tinged in places with green, especially on the
abdomen, mouth parts, apical half of the femora, bases of front
and middle tibiae and nearly the whole of the hind ones brown,
metanotum marked with a transverse pair of triangular brown
spots; wings whitish, the costal cell from the humeral crossvein
to apex of auxiliary vein (Sc), a cross band extending from the
latter point to hind margin of wing where it is greatly dilated,
finally the apical fourth of wing, black. Length 4mm. Massa-
chusetts, New Jersey. Coquillett, loc. cit. TDllinois, New York,
South Dakota, Pennsylvania. |

Upon a comparison of the above description with that of
. pulchripennis it will be seen that they greatly resemble
each other. The examination of a series of Ithaca specimens
shows considerable variation in the extent of the dark coloring.
To the description I may add that the male does not differ from
the female except that the flagella of the antennae are brownish ;
the genitalia yellow, the lateral arms long, the keel slender,
curved, and not much enlarged. In the living specimen the gen-
eral color is quite green, but upon drying some specimens become
almost yellow. The abdominal markings are variable; in some

204 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the last four segments have upon them irregular blotches of
brown or black. The posterior end of the lateral thoracic stripes
range from a pale yellow in some specimens to a dark brown in
others; depending, perhaps, upon their maturity. The amount
of tae upon the legs is also variable; in an extreme case all
the tibiae and the femora except the immediate bases of the latter
‘are black. The fore metatarsus is about one fourth longer than
its tibia. Described from numerous specimens (pl.28, fig.4). I
have a purchased specimen, collector unknown, bearing the label,
C. fascipennis Zett., Riverton, N. J., which is not the latter
species but is C. taeniapennis.

9. Chironomus pulchripennis Coquillett

1902 Chironomus Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:94

This seems to be a synonym of C. taeniapennis Cog.

Female. Head and antennae yellow, apical half of last joint
of the latter and the mouth parts brown; thorax opaque, greenish
yellow, mesonotum marked with a pair of lateral brown vittae
behind its middle, metanotum with a pair of brown spots which
approach each other posteriorly; scutellum and abdomen green,
the latter with the hind margins of the segments yellowish, bases
of segments six to eight and nearly the whole of the following
two brown; legs whitish, the knees black, this color extending
nearly to the middle of the middle and hind femora, front tibiae
4 as long as the first joint of their tarsi; wings whitish, the
costal cell except its apex brown, a broad brown band crosses the
wing, passing over the bases of the first and third posterior cells
(cells R,., and Cu,) and prolonged along the hind margin nearly
to the anal angle, apex of wings broadly brown from the third
vein (R,.,) to the upper branch of the fifth (cubitus) ; halteres
white; length 4mm. Franconia, N. H. Coquillett, loc. cit.

10. Chironomus brunnipes Zetterstedt
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3518, 35
1898 Chironomus Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 273

Black, subshining, thorax of the male the same color, thorax
of the female yellow with three black stripes; the antennae and
the legs brown; the wings white; the anterior tarsi, of the male
bare; the mefatarens is a little longer than the tibia; caudal
Shh el aes small, short subfiliform. Length 2.7 mm.

Male. Brownish black. Antennae with brown plumosity.
Abdomen very narrow, linear, hairy. Caudal appendages short
subfiliform, dusky. Wings white, crossvein not clouded; halteres
white. Legs brown, tarsi paler, the fore metatarsus is about 1.5

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 205

times as long as the tibia, but is twice as long as the second tarsal
joint; the remaining joints gradually decreasing in length; legs
slender and bare. 3
Female. Dorsum of thorax yellow with three black stripes.
- Abdomen rather stout, pubescent. In other respects like the male.
Translation. ? Greenland. (Lundbeck.)

11. Chironomus brunneipennis n. sp.

Resembles albimanus Meigen but differs in being slightly
larger, in having the knob of the halteres fuscous, and in having
the fore metatarsus nearly twice as long as its tibia. :

Female. Shining black; legs partly brown. Length 3.5 mm.
Head black, proboscis, palpi and antennae fuscous. Thorax in-
cluding scutellum, metanotum, pleura and pectus shining black;
humeri fuscous. Abdomen black, subopaque. Legs brownish;
coxae yellowish, femora brown, fore pair yellowish on basal half;
tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi brown excepting basal half or two
thirds of the metatarsi which are yellowish or brownish yellow.
Wings hyaline, very slightly smoky; anterior veins and the cross-
vein brown, posterior veins yellow. Halteres fuscous, stem yel-
lowish. Ithaca, N. Y. |

12. Chironomus caliginosus n. sp.
(P1.22, fig.5)

Female. Fuscous; legs partly brown; wings smoky. Length
6 mm.

Head, including palpi and proboscis fuscous. Antennae ferru-
ginous, the basal joint and the incisures yellow, apical joint
darker. Dorsum of thorax yellow, gray pollinose with three dull
black stripes; pleura, sternum, metanotum, and scutellum fuscous.
Abdomen fuscous with yellow hairs; posterior margin of segments
very slightly grayish; when viewed obliquely from behind the
apical half of each segment appears gray pollinose. Fore coxae
pale brown, the others fuscous; femora brown; fore femora with
basal two thirds and middle femora with basal one half yellow;
all tibiae brown; tarsi yellow, tips of the joints brown; fore meta-
tarsus 1.5 times as long as its tibia. Wings smoky, especially
along the course of the veins; veins reddish brown including
crossyein. Halteres white, with end of knob brown. Two speci-
mens. Ithaca, N. Y.

13. Chironomus niveipennis Fabricius
1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. 42, 21

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschreib. 1:51, 73
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3566, 92

206 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:598

1877 Chironomus V.4d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 269, 40

1895 Chironomus Johnson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 320

1888 Chironomus obsecurus Zett. Ins. Lappon. 815, 31

18380 Chironomus pilicornis Meigen. (nec. Fabr.). Syst. Beschr.
6: 254

1888 Chironomus rudis Zett. Ins. Lappon. 809, 3

Larva and pupa. Miall and Hammond (1900) state that the
larva inhabits a tube and that it possesses red blood. There are
no ventral blood gills. The pupa has a tail fin composed of thirty
or forty long setae, and the abdominal segments are laterally ex-
panded. On the second abdominal segment are paired postero-
lateral transparent appendages of small size, enclosing blood
spaces. There are two conical prominences, each bearing a long
seta, on the vertex of the head. The tracheal gill divides into
three primary branches as usual. The secondary branches are
comparatively few; each encloses a number of tracheae which
pass to the ultimate branches.

Imago, male. Black; dorsum of the thorax dark gray, with
three black longitudinal stripes, scutellum sometimes brown; ab-
domen black, at the incisures a little more gray, the last few
segments somewhat wider and flattened (as with the males gen-
erally), hairs dark, the forceps short and black, the arms slender.
Head, antennae and palpi black. Legs black, the tibiae and the
tarsi often brownish, the fore tarsi of the male densely bearded
with brown hairs; the metatarsus a little longer than the tibia.
Wings whitish, the anterior veins more distinct, the crossvein
black. Halteres dark. The female does not have the bearded fore
tarsi and her halteres are often sordidly white. Length 6 to 7
mm. Schiner, loc. cit. ,

Florida (Johnson). Some specimens from South Dakota which
I identify as this species have both anterior and posterior margin
of each abdominal segment grayish, the posterior most distinct;
the fore tarsi of the male long but rather sparsely haired, and the
fore metatarsus about one-eighth longer than its tibia; the second,
third, fourth and fifth fore tarsal joints gradually decreasing in
length.

14. Chironomus hyperboreus Staeger
1845 Chironomus Staeger. Krodjer: Naturh. Tidsskr. n.s. 1:349
1878 Chironomus Osten Sacken. Cat’. N. A. Dipt. 20
1898 Chironomus Lundbeck. Videnskab. Meddel. 272, 49
1865 Chironomus polaris Bohem. Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh.
574, 18

Blackish, thorax grayish, with three black stripes, abdomen
black, with narrow whitish fasciae, wings white with a black spot.
Length 7 to 8 mm.

; MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 207

Male. Legs black, the anterior tarsi densely bearded.

Female. Legs fuscous-brown, fore femora testaceous at the base.

“The plumes of the male antennae are black, the abdomen is
black, that of the female nearly coal-black, with narrow, sharply
marked whitish posterior margins of the segments. The legs are
black, those of the female more brownish, the fore femora with a
somewhat yellowish base. . . . The fourth tarsal joint of the
fore legs is about three quarters the length of the third. The
male fore tarsi are densely bearded.” Greenland. Staeger,
loc. cit.

The male specimens with bare fore tarsi described by Staeger
(loc. cit.) as varieties from Greenland, have been separated by
Lundbeck (1898) as a distinct species under the name of C.
Sameceri (q. Vv.)

15. Chironomus staegeri Lundbeck
1898 Chironomus Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 271, 48 -
1888 Chironomus annularis Zett. Ins. Lappon. 809, 2
1845 Chironomus hyperboreus Staeger. Kréjer: Natur. Tidsskr.
ns. 1:349
1869 Chironomus Holmgr. K. Svensk. Vet. Ak. Handl. 8:46

This name was given by Lundbeck to those specimens which
Staeger (loc. cit.) considered a variety of C. hyperboreus
differing from the type in having the anterior tarsi of the male
bare.

Male. Antennae nearly as long as the thorax, fuscous black,
densely plumose, palpi black. Thorax black, scarcely shining,
cinereous puinose; the mesothorax with short hairs, the usual
three stripes more or less distinct; the scutellum elevated, bristly.
The abdomen fuscous black, pale haired, the apical margin of each
segment hoary or cinereous, the caudal appendages narrow and
bristly. The wings narrow, cinereous, whitish or lightly smoky
tinted, toward the costal margin a little darker; anterior veins
strong and dark, the others pale and translucent; the radial veins
straight, toward the tip nearly parallel with the media; the sub-
costal vein slightly curved, the peduncle of the cubitus extends
but very little distad of the tip of the basal cell, the branches
Slightly curved. Halteres dirty white, the tip of the knob and
the base of the peduncle often darker. Legs fuscous black, the
middle and hind pairs rather long-haired, the fore tibiae and
tarsi thinly and shortly haired, fore metatarsus one fourth longer
than its tibia.

208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘Female. Similar to the male but the dorsal thoracic stripes are
more distinct, apical margins of abdominal segments more widely
cinereous or sometimes pale gray; the radial veins lightly curved
at the tip; the legs sometimes dilutely black fuscous, sometimes
paler. Length 6.5 to 7. mm. Greenland. Holmgren (loc. cit).

16. Chironomus flavicingula Walker
1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:20
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Catal. Dipt. N. A. p.20
(P1.28, fig.6, and pl.32, fig.7)

The blood-red larvae of about 12 mm. length were dredged from
the sand in the bottom of a shallow pond near Ithaca N. Y.

Larva. (P1.21, figs. 13 to 19.) Head dark brown; antennae
Short; labrum with about ten pairs of pale setae, two or three
pairs of which are quite short (fig.15, under surface fig.14) ; at
extreme apex with a pair of fan-like appendages (f), which hang
downwards, though shown in the figure folded out in a hori-
zontal plane; caudad of this there is a comb with long, fine,
caudad projecting teeth. The epipharynx (fig.13) with three
cephalad projecting fan-like organs (f') forming the “ posterior
comb,” five or six lateral setae (S), several pairs of ventrad pro-
jecting curved and branched setae (s); caudad of these is an
arched chitinized piece (fig.13b); laterad of this are the dark
brown, chitinized, caudad and ventrad curved lateral arms not
Shown in the figure. The black tipped mandibles are as usual,
with the mesad projecting branched hairs, and two laterad pro-
jecting setae; each maxilla (fig.19mx) has prominent palpus, a
large seta and numerous papillae on the mesal margin, a pair of
large setae at the base of the palpus, another pair (not shown in
figure) at base of the mandible. The hypopharynx (fig.19hy) has
a rounded apical margin with numerous short hairs and papillae.
The labium (fig.18 and fig.191) has a broad, blunt, central tooth
and six small laterals on each side. There are two long setae
upon each side of the head below the eyes. The fore feet are
short, with very numerous, short, curved, yellow setae. The
body seems to be entirely devoid of hairs. Each posterior foot
is provided with a number of bilobed brown claws. The dorso-
caudal papillae of the last segment are about as long as wide,
with 6 or 7 long setae at the tip, and one or two short ones on.
the side; caudad of these and immediately above the upper pair
of blood gills are two more long setae. The blood gills of the
eleventh segment are present; those of the twelfth are nearly as
long as the posterior feet; slightly conical and four in number.

Pupae. The pupa is dusky in color when nearly mature, show-
ing the colors of the imago. The respiratory filaments are white,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 209

conspicuous in the living specimen and much branched, the setae
markings upon the dorsum of each abdominal segment as is
showu in fig.16; the seventh and eighth segments are entirely
without, and the sixth usually has but few, setae. The posterior
margin of the second has the usual black longitudinally ridged
fascia. The lateral fin of the eighth segment, together with the
terminal spur, are shown in fig.17. The caudal paddle is oe
with long, pale, delicate, matied hairs.

Imago, male. Body gray, with two large white spots on ch
side of the chest; abdomen fringed with hairs on each side, and
having a white silvery band on the hind border of each segment ;
feelers black; legs black, hairy, a yellow ring near the tip of each
thigh, and two yellow rings round each shank; feet dull yellow
towards the base; wings colorless, with the usual dark spot on
each; veins pale brown; poisers gray. Length of body 5.5 mm.,
of the wings, 10 mm. St Martin’s falls, Albany river, Hudson
bay. Walker, loc. cit. !

At the head of the division to which this species belongs,
Walker states that the wings are hairy. This, however, is evi-
dently an error. To the above description the following may be
added.

Male. Head and occiput black, proboscis and palpi dull black,
the former with dark brown hairs. Antennae brownish yellow,
the large basal joint black, the hairs dark brown. Thorax wholly
black, the dorsum and the scutellum with cinereous bloom, the
former with three cinereous stripes, the middle one divided by a
fine black line, the hairs pale brown. Abdomen velvet black, the
posterior margin of each segment dorsally with a moderately
wide white fascia extending to lateral margins. When viewed
from behind, the last three or four segments appear to me mot-
tled with cinereous, leaving a black median line on the fifth and
sixth segments. euler dull black; genitalia brownish yellow,
moderately long (pl.382, fig.7). Abdomen sparsely covered with
long, nearly erect, yellowish hairs. Coxae brownish black,
moderately shining; femora brown, excepting the yellow basal
articulation and a yellow subapical ring; tibiae cream white, with
brown base and tip; the brown of the front pair quite pale, the
hind pair having in addition a median ring which is sometimes
indistinct.. In some specimens the basal half of fore tibiae is also
brown. Tarsi cream white, the tips of all joints and the whole
of the fifth brown, the brown of the fore pair being quite pale.
The anterior tarsi are delicately bearded. The anterior meta-
tarsus about one fifth longer than its tibia. Wings hyaline, cross-
vein dark brown; venation as figured. Halteres brownish yellow
with apical half of the knob dark brown.

210 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

' Female. Like the male, excepting in the following particulars:
Tips of antennal joints reddish brown, the hairs pale; thorax
with a little more cinereous coloring, the hairs upon the abdomen
a little shorter; fore tarsi bare. Described from a number of
Specimens. Ithaca, N. Y., Kansas.

17. Chironomus halteralis Coquillett

1901 Chironomus Coq. Ent. News. p.17
(PH28) fig. 7) -

Head black, palpi and antennae yellowish brown, plumosity
of male antennae dark gray; thorax dark brown, the anterior end
tinged with yellow, a pair of broad, gray pruinose vittae on the
posterior half of the mesonotum, the hairs light yellow; scutellum
dark yellow ; abdomen black, slightly polished, thinly covered with
rather long yellow hairs; femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow, bases
of femora slightly tinged with brown; front tarsi slender, almost
as long as the body, destitute of hairs, the first joint about twice
as long as the front tibia; middle and hind tibiae and their tarsi
in the male, thickly covered with rather long yellow hairs, much
sparser in the female; halteres pale yellow, the knobs black; wings
bare, hyaline, the apical half slightly darker, veins in the basal
half yellow, in the apical half more brownish; length 2 to 3 mm.
Washington, D. ©. Coquillett loc. cit.

A number of specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., agree with this
description.

18. Chironomus nitidellus Coquillett
1901 Chironomus Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23:608

Male. Head black, mouth parts yellow, antennae, except the
basal joint, yellow, the hairs whitish; body black, polished, the
first two abdominal segments and the claspers yellow; legs yellow,
the femora except their bases, front tibiae wholly, and apices of
hind ones brown, front tarsi bare; wings bare, whitish hyaline,
the veins brown, halteres yellow; length, 2.5 mm. Riverton, N. J.
Coquillett loc. cit.

19. Chironomus fallax n.sp.
(P1.28, fig.8)

Female. Black; first abdominal segment vellow or greenish;
legs partly black. Length, 3.5 mm.

Head, including proboscis, palpi and antennae yellowish, the
basal joint of the latter somewhat brownish. Thorax cinereous
black, with three broad shining black stripes, more distinct when
viewed obliquely. Pectus, pleura, and scutellum brown, the

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK Ag)

last sometimes paler. Abdomen fuscous, the first segment
yellowish-green, in living specimens bright green; the remaining
Segments more or less distinctly marked with sordidly yellow
hind margins; hairs pale brown or yellowish. Fore coxae brown,
middle and hind pairs yellow. Legs cream white, the fore femora
excepting their bases and tips dark brown; tips of middle and
hind tibiae each with minute black comb; pulvilli present, em-
-podium pectinate. Fore metatarsus about 1.4 times as long as
its tibia. Wings hyaline with a milky tinge; veins slightly yel-
lowish; venation as shown in figure; halteres yellowish. Ithaca,
NEY:
20. Chironomus riparius Meigen

1804 Chironomus Meigen. Klass. 1:16, 3

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:28, 6

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3489, 7

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:6038

1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.253, 8

1895 Chironomus Johnson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se Phil. 320

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.272, 50

1826 Chironomus annularis Macq. Recueil Soc. Se Agri. Lille.

p.194, 2

1826 Chironomus viridipes Macq. Recueil Soc. Agri. Lille.
195, 4

1888 Chironomus zonulus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.810, 7

(P1.28, fig.9) a

Male and female. Dorsum of the thorax, especially in front of
the scutellum, light gray, with three black longitudinal stripes,
the median one divided by a fine line, abbreviated posteriorly
though continued to the scutellum by a black line; the lateral
stripes abbreviated anteriorly; scutellum gray or grayish yellow;
the metanotum gray. Abdomen black, the posterior margins of
the segments sometimes with wide, sometimes more narrow whit-
ish bands; the posterior segments gray; forceps small. The
antennae brown, the hairs of the same color; the palpi darkened.
Legs brownish, yellow or pale yellow, the femora sometimes with
a greenish tinge, the articulations dusky; the fore tarsi of the
male not hairy; the metatarsus 1.5 times longer than the tibia;
the second tarsal jeint one half as long as the metatarsus but
longer than the third; third and fourth about equwal in length.
Wings whitish, with a small brown spot. Halteres yellowish.
The antennae of the female are yellow at the base. Some speci-
mens have the humeri yellowish or greenish, but these may be
distinguished from nearly related forms by their slender fore
tarsi. Length 6.75 to 9 mm. Translation in part from Schiner,
loc. eit.

212 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

’ According to V. d. Wulp, loc. cit., and Weyenbergh (1874) the
larvae are transparent and pale green; some larvae from which
I bred this species resemble C. decorus n. sp. in the form of
‘the labium as well as in other details. Ithaca, N. Y.; Idaho;
Washington State; Pennsylvania; South Dakota; Minnesota;
New Jersey; Douglas, Alaska. 3

21. Chironomus barbipes Staeger
18389 Chironomus Staeger. Krodjer: Naturh. Tidsskr. 2:561, 5
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3486, 5
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:601
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.252, 6
_ (P1.28, fig.10)

Male. Hairy, blackish species with hyaline wings having the
anterior veins somewhat reddish; halteres sordidly yellow, the
extreme tips a little darker; the second joint of the fore tarsus
shorter than the third. Length 8 mm.

Head and basal joint of antenna dull black, the flagellum of the
latter and the palpi fuscous. Antennal hairs dark reddish brown.
Thorax cinereous, with three faintly marked wide cinereous black
stripes; scutellum, pectus, pleura and metanotuwimn cinereous.
Abdomen black, the posterior margins of the segments cinereous,
covered with long brown erect hairs. Genitalia brown, the
claspers rather short and stout, the dorsal keel of moderate size.
The coxae cinereous; the legs testaceous, the bases of the femora,
the knees, the tips of the tibiae, and the middle and hind tarsi.
a little darker, the fore tarsi except basal half of metatarsus
brown and densely bearded with long brown hairs. ‘The fore
femora and tibiae and basal half of metatarsi nearly bare; the
whole of the middle and hind legs quite hairy. Fore metatarsus
about one sixth longer than its tibia; the second tarsal joint
shorter than the third. The wings narrow and long, hyaline with
very slight yellow tinge; the costa, radius, R-M crossvein and the
basal half of the media testaceous, the other veins hyaline; vena-
tion as figured. Halteres yellowish. |

Female. Basal half of antennae yellowish, fore tarsi bare.
Readily distinguished from related species by its short second
tarsal joint. :

Van der Wulp (1877, p.252), suggests that this may possibly be
a synonvm of ©. pallens Meigen.

Two male specimens, Chicago, Ill., May, 1899.

22. Chironomus annularis Degeer
1776 Tipula Degeer. Mem. pour serv. a hist. d. Ins. 6:379, 18
1809 Chironomus Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. 4:250
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:21, 3

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 213

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3485, 4

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:602

1877- Chironomus V.d. Wulp. -Dipt. Neerl. p.253, 7

1804 Chironomus annulatus Meigen. Klass. 1:12, 2
1818 Chironomus pall ens Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:22, 5
1818 Chironomus tristis Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:48, 62

This species resembles riparius but differs in having the
posterior margins of the abdominal segments grayish, not sharply
separated from, but blended into, the black; and in having the
third and fourth tarsal joints of the fore legs subequal in length.

Male. Head and antennae blackish, palpi and proboscis fuscous.
Dorsum of the thorax cinereous with three dull, black stripes;-
metanotum, pleura, and sternum dull black, slightly pruinose;
scutellum fuscous. Abdomen fuscous or black, the posterior
margins of the segments grayish, the hairs yellowish, genitalia
small, black. Coxae blackish; legs subfuscous, tarsi slightly
darker. Fore metatarsus about one fifth longer than the tibia,
the third and fourth tarsal joints about equal in length, the fore
-tarsi and the middle and hind legs long-haired. The wings
hyaline, the anterior veins dark, particularly the crossvein. The
venation as figured (pl.28, fig.11). Halteres whitish. Length
7 to 8 mm.

Female. Like the male but the anterior tarsi are bare, and in
the single specimen the tips of the femora are darkened. Ithaca,
N. Y. A darker variety (var. tristis Meig.) with slightly infus-
cated halteres from Washington State.

I have compared my specimens with specimens from Europe
and can detect no differences.

23. Chironomus dispar Meigen
1830 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 6:247, 85
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3506, 22
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:604
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.257, 13
1888 Chironomus lucidus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.810, 5
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3509, 25

Shining black; the abdomen somewhat brownish, with paler
hairs and occasionally reddish yellow lateral spots; the anal
segment narrower and shorter than the preceding segment; the
forceps strong, its arms nearly as long as the last abdominal seg-
ment. Head black, the palpi brown, the antenna together with
its hairs blackish. The legs yellow, the coxae brown; the tibiae
brown at the tip, fore tarsi delicately ciliate, the metatarsus one
half longer than its tibia. Wings whitish. The crossvein not

‘

214 _ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘darkened. The female has yellow antennae, the abdomen is with-
out spots, and the legs are of a more pronounced whitish yellow.
Length, 7 mm. ‘Translation in part from Schiner. New Jersey.
(Johnson. )

24. Chironomus albimanus Meigen

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:40, 45
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:38551, 77
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:604
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.268, 38
1804 Chironomus annularis Meigen. Klass. 1:17, 16

Male. Head black, proboscis, palpi and antennae sordidly
yellow, basal joint of the last black; antennal hairs brownish.
Dorsum of the thorax shining black, sometimes with faint indi-
cations of three fine cinereous lines; scutellum, metanotum,
pleura and pectus shining black. In immature specimens the
thorax is more brownish and the stripes are wider. Abdomen
shining black; the anterior segments fuscous; the hairs and the
genitalia yellowish, the claspers of the latter slender and short; ~
coxae shining brown or black; legs pale yellowish, apical one
half or two thirds of all the femora, the whole of the fore tibiae
and the extreme tips of the middle and hind ones black or deep
brown; each fore tarsus with its first joint whitish, the others
slightly infuscated; anterior legs bare; fore metatarsus 14 times
as long as its tibia. Wings hyaline with a slightly smoky tinge;
veins including crossvein yellowish and distinct; venation as fig-
ured (pl.28, figs. 12,18). Halteres whitish. Length 4 mm.

Female. Like the male, but the abdomen is nearly wholly shin-
ing black in matured specimens and the veins of the wings seem
a little darker. Length 3 mm. Ithaca, N. Y. The American
agree perfectly with my European specimens.

| 25. Chironomus tenellus Zetterstedt
1888 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.812, 15
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3517, 34
(P1.21, figs. 1 to 4)

Larva. The larva is pale red, 4 to 5 mm. in length. Head brown,
about 1.5 times as long as wide, with a few small dorsal setae.
Antenna (fig.4) short, about three fourths as long as the man-
dibles, the basal segment being three fifths of the total length.
The labrum (fig.1 ulr.) has upon its lower surface the normal
three pairs of large setae and three pairs of smaller ones. The
epipharynx (fig.1) has the usual lateral arms (la) with the dark
colored extremities, the transverse comb with 5 or 6 blunt, rather
indistinct teeth, and the stout curved pectinate hairs. The man-
dible (fig.1md) is stout, with blackened teeth, a longitudinal

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 215

row of hairs on the dorsal side (not shown in the figure) over
hanging the teeth, a long prominent seta on its lateral surface,
and a few long much branched setae on the dorsal surface of the
mesal margin. The maxilla (fig. mx) has a short stout palpus,
a few short setae and papillae and a group of delicate mesad pro-
jecting filaments. The labium (fig.11) has a black margin, the
middle tooth is rounded, the second laterals are small and closely
united to the first laterals. The anterior and posterior prolegs
are as usual with the species of Chironomus, the claws of
the posterior pair are bilobed; caudad of the anal papillae with
their tufts of setae, is a conspicuous pair of spines or bristles.
The papillae mentioned above are somewhat infuscated at the
tip. The anal blood gills are present, though none were discov-
ered on the ventral surface of the eleventh segineut.

Pupa. The pupa is brownish, about 4 mm. in length. The two
respiratory organs, each composed of numerous white filaments,
are conspicuous. The abdominal segments have the microscopic
Spines covering nearly the whole dorsal surface (fig.3). There
are two patches near the anterior margin of each segment, a
large discal patch of slightly larger spines, and posterior trans-
verse rows of still larger blunt ones. Between these patches and
gradually merging into them are numerous smaller spines. Thus
the entire surface is practically covered with microscopic spines
of varying sizes, the anterior patches more distinctly separated
from the remainder. The lateral fins of the eighth abdominal seg-
-ment each has the usual four lateral filaments, and terminates
in a Slightly sinuous spur (fig.2). The caudal fin has the usua!
fringe of pale matted filaments. .

Imago, male and female. ‘Shining black; thorax of the male the
same color, that of the female paler with three brown stripes.
Antennae yellow, the antennal hairs of the male the same color;
palpi yellowish; sternum schistaceous. Abdomen of the male
slender, pilose, black, the first and second segments wholly, and
the posterior margins of the third, fourth and fifth fuscous, the
last three segments, widened and somewhat dilated; genitalia
small, resembling those shown on pl.82, fig.8; the inferior lobes
' with curved setae; the superior lobes in this species are much
’ shorter and without peduncle, pale in color; abdomen of the fe-
male stouter, black, paler at the base, pubescent. Wings white,
with pale veins, spotless. Halteres-white. Legs with the coxae
pale yellow, or white, spotless, the middle and hind legs pale
haired; the fore legs bare; the fore metatarsus over 114 times as
long as the tibia, and twice as long as the second tarsal joint.
The thorax of the female is sometimes wholly brown. Length 3.5
mm. Translation in part from Zetterstedt, loc. cit.

216: NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

»A specimen from New Jersey is doubtfully referred to as this
species by Johnson in Smith’s catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey. Several bred specimens from Ithaca, N. Y.

26. Chironomus chloris Meigen
1818 Chironomus. Syst. Beschr. 1:28, 17
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3511, 27
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:604
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.256, 12

Length 5.5 to 7.5mm. Head blackish, antennae and palpi dark
brown; antennal hairs in the male brown; paler toward the tip.
Thorax shining, blackish green, with black longitudinal stripes,
the ground color usually so dark that the thorax appears wholly -
shining black, as do also. the scutellum, metanotum, pectus and
pleura; the pectus with light gray pruinose appearance. Abdomen
olive green, ‘black toward the caudal end; the anal,segment of the
male half as long as the preceding segment; the claspers small,
slightly broadened at the middle; the hair of the abdomen gray-
ish; after death the abdomen usually becomes wholly black. Legs
brownish yellow; the femora, at least the knees, the tips of
the tibiae and tarsal joints dark brown, the last tarsal joint
wholly darkened; fore metatarsus 1.5 times as long as its tibia;
fore tarsi of the male somewhat hairy but not bearded, the
posterior legs of both sexes delicately ciliate. Halteres pale
yellow, the knobs slightly darkened. The wings when held against
the light appear brownish yellow, when held over a dark surface
they appear whitish; the veins very pale brown; crossvein not
darkened. Translation from V.d. Wulp. loc. cit.

The female has a yellow dorsum of thorax with three black

stripes, the scutellum is yellow, and the abdomen sometimes has
narrow whitish incisures.

According to V. d. aul) (1868) this European species also
occurs in the United States. Weyenbergh (1874, p.151) says that
the larva is almost colorless, and is found upon weeds hanging
into the water. A

27. Chironomus devinctus Say
1829 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 6:150
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2:349
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l, Dipt. N. A. p.20
(P1.28, fig.14)

Tergum black, incisures white; feet with black incisures; body
dusky; stethidium dusky livid; thorax trilineate and blackish;
scutel dull honey yellow, halteres and wings white; tergum brown-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 217

ish black, incisures, particularly those near the base, white; thighs
black, anterior (fore pair) pale at base; the others with a white
annulus near the tip; tibiae and tarsi white, with black incisures.
Length nearly 5mm. Inhabits Indiana.

Some Ithaca specimens, both male and female, agreeing with
above description may be more fully characterized as follows: The
entire insect has the appearance of being black, and greatly resem-
bles C. flavicingula Walker, differing in having white
halteres and an unclouded crossvein. The thorax may be described
as being wholly blackish with cinereous lines between the usual
three black dorsal stripes; scutellum pale brownish. The narrow
white posterior margins of the abdominal segments are very dis-
tinct and sharply defined. The fore metatarsus is more than 1}

times as long as its tibia. My single male specimen has lost its
fore tarsi. The wings are hyaline, all the veins, including the’
erossvein, pale. Ithaca, N. Y.

28. Chironomus californicus n. sp.

Male. Head yellowish brown, antennae with the hairs dul!
yellowish brown, large basal joint blackish; palpi dusky. Thorax
opaque, bare, cinereous with three dull grayish or blackish dorsal
vittae; humeri more or less yellowish; pleura and pectus grav
or blackish; scutellum yellowish or pale brown; metanotum dul!
black. Abdomen linear, slender, gray haired, lusterless black,
apical margin of each segment pale green or yellowish; the last
three segments slightly wider, depressed. The genitalia fuscous,
short and filiform. Wings white, the crossvein not darkened.
The wing surface does not appear uniformly white, but the narrow
Space on each side of the veins is less purely white by reflected
light. Halteres white. Legs white; the coxae grayish; the base
and tip of each femur and of each tibia brownish or blackish; the
tarsal joints somewhat infuscated. The middle and hind legs
pale haired, the fore pair only pubescent; the fore metatarsus
about two thirds longer than its tibia; the second tarsal joint
about half as long as the metatarsus, the third and fourth but
Slightly shorter than the second. This species resembles C.
niveipes Zett. but differs in the coloring of the legs. Length
5to6mm. fasadena, California.

29. Chironomus palliatus Coquillett
1902 Chironomus Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:95
Male and female. Head, mouth parts, and first joint of antennae
dark brown, remainder of antennae livid, the hairs gray; thorax

218 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

dark brown, mesonotum opaque, a broad, yellowish median vitta
on the anterior half, and a widely separated pair of gray pruinose
vittae on the posterior half; abdomen opaque, velvet-black, its
hairs yellow; legs yellowish white, front and middle femora,
except their apices, also bases of hind femora brownish, middle
tibiae tinged with brown, front tarsi only pubescent, front tibiae
three fourths as long as their first tarsal joint, hind tibiae and
their tarsi in the male densely clothed with rather long hairs;
wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellow, small crossvein not
darker than the adjacent veins, third vein (R,.,) almost straight;
-halteres whitish ; length 2.5 to 4 mm. Washington, - Cr Oo
lett, loc. cit.

30. Chironomus pedellus Denar

1776 Tipula Deg. Mem. pour serv. a l’hist. d. Ins. 6:378, 17

1818 Chironomus: Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:28, 16

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:35385, 57

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:606

1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neer]. p.259, 19

1794 Tipula cantans Fabr. Ent. Syst. 4:247, 67

1804 Chironomus Meigen. Klass. 1:18, 7

1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.45, 34

1808 Tipula littoralis Schrnk. Fauna Boica. 3:74, 2325

1880 Chironomus var. atricornis Strobl. Progr. Gymn. Seiten-
stetten. p.53

Male. Dorsum of the thorax shining black; the humeri with
ferruginous or yellowish-green spots, which seem to be the remains
of the original ground color; the scutellum and the metanotum
also black. The abdomen a beautiful, bright green which becomes
paler or more yellowish in dried specimens. The posterior seg-
ments flattened, black, or blackish-brown; the forceps quite small
and slender. Head and palpi brownish; the antennae brown, its
hairs lighter, the basal joint yellow. Legs pale yellowish, in life
somewhat greenish; the coxae, the fore knees broadly, the middle
and hind knees narrowly brown banded, the tips of the tibiae and
the tips of the tarsal joints brownish; the femora and the tibiae
of the fore legs of equal length; the fore metatarsus about one
fourth longer than its tibiae, and not bearded. Wings whitish,
with pale veins; venation as shown on pl.28, fig.16; the halteres
pale. |

Female. The female has yellow antennae with only black tips;
and the humeral spots are more spread out, appearing to crowd
the black dorsal patch into longitudinal stripes. Length 5.5 to
6mm. Wisconsin (V.d. Wulp) ; New Jersey (Johnson). Several
male specimens from Ithaca, N. Y.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 219

31. Chironomus pedestris Meigen

1880 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 6:246, 81
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3537, 58
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:606

Resembles C. pedellus, but the extreme tips of the tibiae
are black, the fore femora are entirely black with the exception of
the base; and the tips of the knobs of the halteres are black.
Length 5.5 to 6 mm. NSchiner loc. cit.

Green, shining, thorax and tip of abdomen, black; dorsum of
thorax of the male with three wide confluent black stripes; an-
tennae of the male pale brown; wings white; tip of the knob of
the halteres blackish; legs pale, the extreme tips of the tibiae,
the whole of the fore femora except the yellowish bases are black ;
the anterior tarsi of the male nearly bare, fore metatarsus about
one fourth longer than its tibiae; the male claspers short and
slender. The first five abdominal segments in the dried specimens
are pale yellow. Everything else as with C. pedellus Zetter-
stedt. New Jersey (Johnson).

32. Chironomus nigricans n. sp.
(P1.21, figs. 5 to 12, and pl.28, fig.15)

Larva. The larvae were collected from the ponds in the vicinity
of Cayuga lake, Ithaca, N. Y. They are blood-red, slender, about
12 mm. long, head short, pale brown, edge of the labium and
tip of the mandibles black, each eye consisting of a pair of dis-
tinctly separated spots, one of these spots being again divided
by a fine line. The antennae is slender, about three fourths
as long as the mandible, its first joint five sevenths as long as
the others taken together (fig.5). The labrum is of the usual
form, with about five pairs of curved subapical setae, and
a pair of flattened, ventrad-projecting fan-like processes. The
epipharynx (fig.10) has a pair of curved, transverse, toothed
ridges, a transverse comb (c) composed of five leaf-like parts,
each part with four or five pointed lobes. The lateral arms, not
shown in the figure, are of the usuai form, each having a bilobed
extremity, the outer lobe being slender and pointed, the inner
one shorter and broader. The three pairs of pectinate setae
which are placed within the horseshoe-shaped ridge are con-
Spicuous (fig.10). The mandibles are stout, with black apices,
the usual subapical hairs, mesad projecting branched setae, and
a pair of slender lateral projecting setae (fig.7). The maxilla
has a moderately stout palpus with a slender apical seta, several
stout pale setae, some fine hairs near its base, several mesad
projecting pointed lobes, and a number of scattered papillae

220 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘(fig.6). Upon the hypopharynx (hy) is a pair of slender branched
processes besides the usual hairs and papillae. The middle pair
of the teeth in labium (fig.61) are the longest, and the second,
third and fifth laterals are longer than the first, fourth and
sixth. The setae of the anterior prolegs are pale brown, and
rather coarser and more distinct than those of most of the
Chironomid larvae (fig.8). The posterior prolegs have the
usual bilobed claws of which the two lobes of each marginal claw
make a smaller angle with each other than do the central claws
(fig.9). Immediately dorsad of the four short and thick anal
blood gills is a pair of small setae; the basal nodule upon which
each dorso-anal tuft of setae is placed is quite small, about as wide
as it is long. The ventral blood gills of the eleventh abdominal
segment were not seen in this specimen.

Pupa. (Figs. 11 and 12.) The pupa is greenish brown, about
6 mm. in length, with the usual pair of white thoracic respiratory
tufts. The dorsum of the second and third abdominal segments
are marked as shown in fig.11. Near the anterior margin of each
of segments four, five and six is a transverse row of short but
conspicuous dark spines. The epidermis at the base of each spine
is brown; the entire dorsal surface of the segment behind this
row is microscopically punctate with extremely short spines.
Near the posterior margin these spines become somewhat larger,
forming an irregular double or triple transverse row. Second
segment is like the following segments, but has in addition the
usual transverse row of longitudinal ridges on its posterior mar-
gin. All these segments have a few pale setae arranged as shown
in the figure. The seventh and eighth segments are nearly devoid
of markings, though they have a few small setae. The lateral fins
of the eighth segment each has the usual lateral filaments, and
each ends in a chitinous comb of five teeth (fig.12). The caudal
fin has the usual fringe of matted hairs.

Imago. (P1.28, fig.15.) Male and female, blackish; legs white,
male with whitish abdomen. Length 4 to 5 mm.

Male. Head, including palpi, proboscis, antennae and its hairs
pale fuscous. Dorsum of the thorax dark brown with three sub-
shining broad blackish stripes, metanotum and pectus blackish ;
pleura and scutellum a little paler. The hairs of the mesothorax
and scutellum yellow. Abdomen white with a greenish tinge, the
last three joints including the genitalia sometimes pale fuscous,
and occasionally the posterior margins of segments very narrowly
darkened. The claspers elongate, the inferior lobes slender and
slightly clubbed. Hairs pale. Legs white, the tips of the middle
and hind tibiae each with a minute black circular comb with two
of its teeth slightly elongated into spurs. Fore tarsi of male,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK piel

bare. Wings white with a slight milky tinge; veins colorless, in-
cluding the crossvein; venation as figured. Halteres white, some-
times with a slight greenish tinge. [In an occasional specimen the
middle section of each fore femur is brownish.

Female. Like the male, excepting that the abdomen is black or
deep fuscous, dull; in well-preserved specimens the posterior mar-
gins slightly cinereous; hairs pale. The flagella of the antennae
and sometimes the palpi also yellowish. In both sexes the fore
metatarsus is about one third longer than its tibia. One bred
Specimen and a number of captured ones from Ithaca, N. Y.; also
some from New Jersey.

33. Chironomus aberrans n. sp.

Female. Resembles C. fallax n.sp. but is paler. Length
3.5mm. Head, including antennae, wholly yellow, palpi pale fus-
cous. Dorsum of the thorax and scutellum yellowish, the three
dorsal stripes, pectus and a mark on the pleura, brownish; meta-
notum dark brown. Abdomen fuscous, the first two and the
basal part of the third greenish or yellowish; posterior margins
of the other segments indistinctly paler fuscous; hairs pale.
Coxae, the knees, the tips of the middle and hind tibiae and of the
tarsal joints brown; the apical half of front femora, basal half
and the tips of the front tibiae, and the tips of the fore tarsal
joints dark brown. Wings hyaline, with a milky tinge; the veins,
including the crossvein, yellow; venation as shown on pl.28, fig.17.
Halteres white. The fore metatarsus is about one fifth longer
than its tibia.

Male. Like the female but differs in having the first four or five
abdominal segments, yellowish. Ithaca, N. Y., Pennsylvania,
Washington State, New Jersey.

34, Chironomus lugubris Williston
1896 Chironomus Williston. Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. p.274

Male. Similar to C. longimanus (No. 51), but differs
in lacking the brown stripes of the mesonotum, which is uni-
formly light yellow, in the abdomen being uniformly brown, and
in the femora being wholly light yellow. Length 3-4 mm. Willis-
ton, loc. cit. Fore metatarsus about 114 times as long as its tibia.
St Vincent Island, West Indies.

39. Chironomus fumidus n. sp.
(P1.28, fig.18)
Male. Fuscous; length 2.5 to 3 mm. Head with palpi, pro-

boscis, and neicnas pale fuscous; the basal joint of the last,
brown, the second joint yellowish, the hairs pale fuscous. Dorsum

ear NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

’ of thorax pale yellowish, pruinose, or with a greenish tinge, with
three brown stripes; the scutellum yellow; the metanotum,
sternum (and sometimes the pleura also) dark brown. Albdomen
dark brown or black, subshining, sometimes the segments with
a suggestion of a pruinose margin; hairs pale brown. Legs yellow,
the knees and the tarsi somewhat infuscated; tips of the tibiae
blackish. Legs hairy, including the fore tarsi; fore metatarsus.
nearly twice as long as the tibia, the second and third nearly
subequal in length, the fourth but little shorter, the fifth shortest.
Wings hyaline, sometimes slightly smoky, anterior veins yellow,
the crossvein but little if any darker. Halteres pale yellow.

Female. The head with mouth parts and antennae (except the
apical joints) more yellowish, thoracic stripes sometimes more
reddish, and the abdomen a blackish green; anterior tarsi bare;
in other respects like the male.

This species differs from C. halteralis Cog. in having pale
halteres and the female having a blackish green abdomen. From
C. longipes Staeger, an European species, it differs in having
shorter tarsi. Ithaca, N. Y., July and August.

36. Chironomus tendens Fabricius
1794 Tipula Fabr. Ent. Syst. 4:248, 47
1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.39, 7
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:34, 30
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3525, 45
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:605
1877 Chironomus V. 4d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.257, 15
1899 Chironomus Johnson, in Smith’s Cat’l. of N. J. Ins. p.627

Dorsum of the thorax shining reddish yellow, with three wide
ferruginous longitudinal stripes, which occupy nearly the whole
of the dorsum; the median one abbreviated posteriorly, and only
continued in an embossed yellow line to the scutellum; pectus,
metanotum and scutellum ferruginous. Abdomen yellow or yel-
lowish green; white-haired; the anterior ends of the segments
and on the dorsum of the posterior segments somewhat darker ;
the forceps slender and strongly upcurved. Head yellow; ~
antennae with the shaft brown, the basal joint and the hairs
ferruginous; palpi brownish. Legs pale yellow, sometimes the
tip of the tibiae and of the tarsal joints slightly darkened; fore
tarsi of the male more or less thickly haired; metatarsus one
fourth longer than the tibia. Wings whitish yellow; halteres yel-
low. The female is wholly shining ferruginous, with rather
deeply yellow tinged wings. Length 6.5 to 7.5 mm. Schiner, loc.
cit. New Jersey (Johnson).

MAY VIALS AND MIDGES OF KREW TORK 2

37. Chironomus lineatus Bay

| (4823 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat Ke. Phil 3:14, @

“3 18) Chironomus Say. Compl Wr. 2:42,5

1928 Chironomus lineola Wiedemann, Aussereurop, mel. lon
1:17, 6

‘4878 Chironomus Osten faken Cafl Dit MA p21

1999 Chironomus lineola Wiel. Johnson in Smith's Catl A
. Ing BS. p49
Wings white; stethidium yellowish testaccous, a fuscous longi-
tudinal line on the anterior dilated line.
Thorax pale greenish, the dilated lines yellowish testacoous, 2
narrow line very distinct and fuscous on the anterior
dilated line, and green rather obsolete behind; scutes pale; wings
immaculate; fect whitish, incisures of the knees of the inter-
mediate and posterior feet brown; tergum greenish, posterior
margins of the incisures dusky. Length of the female nearly
three tenths of an inch (75 mm.). Pennsylvania. Say, loc. cit
New Jersey (Johnson).
38. Chironomus albipennis Meigen
18) Chironomuye Meigen Syst Veschr. 6:26, 57
1S Chironomus Zett Dipt Bont 9:27, &
ISA Chironomus Shiner. Fauna Austr. 2:06
1871 Chironomus V.4 Wulp Dipt Neerl Zi, 14
1999 Chironomus Jounson, in Smith's Catalogue of Ins of N J.
pIZi
Shining ferruginous; thorax with three chestnut longitudinal]
stripes; a spot on cach pleuron and the metanotum more or less
brown; the scutellum yellow. The abdomen green. in dried speci-
mens brownish above, the anal segments flattened, the forceps

short and sublanceolate, the arms incurved, and hairy. Palpi and

antennae brown, the hairs of the latter lighter at the tip. Legs
pale yellow, the tarsal joints usually darkened; sometimes the ex-
treme tips of the tibiae are also darkened; fore tareus of the male
dclicately but distinctly haired, its metatareus an eighth longer or
at least as long as its tibia. Wings white, the costa) veins of the
female ferruginous, the crossvein not darkened. Halteres pale.
Length 5 to 6 mm. A specimen from New Jersey is doubtfully
identified as this species by Johneon (1499).

I have a purchased specimen, collector unknown, bearing the
label ©. albipennis, Riverton. N. J., but which in reality
is not albipennis, but is C nigricans pn. sp.

39. Chironomus tacnionotus Say

4829 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad Nat. S& Phil 6:14

1859 Chironomus Say. Compl Wr. 2:28
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack Cafl Dipt NA pZi

224 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

» Female. Stethidium green trilineate; a black line on the middle
of the anterior line. Body bright pea-green; head yellowish, ter-
minal joint of the antennae blackish; thorax with three dilated,
pale honey yellow vittae; a black line along the middle of the
anterior one; wings white; metathorax pale honey yellow; with a
blackish spot in the middle, divided by a green line; tergum im-
maculate; pectus pale honey yellow; feet pale greenish, anterior
tibiae and tarsal incisures dusky. Length more than one fifth
inch (—=5mm.). Indiana. Say, loc. cit.

40. Chironomus fulvus n. sp.

Larvae collected in Beebe lake near the shore in August; reddish
yellow in color. Length about5mm. The empty larval skin was
subsequently lost, hence no further description can be given.

Pupa. A single pupa from which emerged a specimen so greatly
resembling the species described below that I believe them to be
identical. This pupa had very much elongated respiratory or-
gans; nearly as long as the body, the main trunk flattened, slender,
diminishing in diameter toward the end, the apical end subdivid-
ing into three or four branches. Each abdominal segment with a
transverse row of rather conspicuous spines near the posterior
margin, and a number of long setae, three or four pairs of which
are laterals, one or two pairs discal, and a marginal pair, all as
shown on pl.22, fig.20. The lateral fin of the eighth segment is
provided with a somewhat sinuous yellow spur a little caudad of
the middle. The caudal fin is fringed with the usual flattened
matted filaments, those more caudad being longer and broader
than the others (pl.22, fig.23).

Imago. (P1.28, fig.19). Deep yellow; wings hyaline, yellow
tinted. Length 3 to 4 mm. :

Female. Head yellowish, occiput dusky, palpi, antennae and
proboscis subfuscous; the base of the second joint and sometimes
the basal joint and some of the intermediate joints of the antenna
yellowish. Dorsum of the thorax pale yellow, with a whitish
sheen, with three testaceous stripes, the middle one divided by
a fine line. Humeri whitish, scutellum and part of the pleura
yellow, the remaining parts of the thorax reddish yellow. Abdo-
men reddish yellow, the more posterior segments brownish, the
posterior margins of the segments a very little, if any, paler;
hairs yellow. Coxae and legs yellow, the fore legs excepting the
middle section of the femora, and the whole of the middle and
hind tarsi excepting the basal half of the metatarsi, fuscous. Tips
of middle and hind tibiae with minute black comb. Wings
hyaline, with a slight yellow or dusky tint; anterior veins includ-
ing the crossvein yellow; venation as figured. Halteres pale yel-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 225

lowish, sometimes with a slight greenish tint. In immature spe-
cimens the parts described above as dusky are more yellowish.
The fore metatarsus is about three fourths longer than the tibia.
Numerous female specimens. One bred specimen believed to be
the same, the pupa of which is described above. Ithaca, N. Y.

41, Chironomus flavus n. sp.
(P1.22, figs. 1 to 4; pl.28, fig.20; pl.32, fig.12)

Larva. No eggs were found. The larvae were taken in com-
pany with Thalassomyia fusca from the surface of the
rocks washed by swift flowing water. Some specimens of the
larvae found in August were placed in still water, and in due time
transformed and emerged, so that it appears that this species
will live in still water also. The full grown larva is pale yel-
lowish green, with pale brown head. Length 6 to 7 mm. and quite
slender. The head is rather short, pale brown, the eye spots each
consist of a pair of contiguous spots, conspicuously black, and the
black ends of the mandibles show prominently. There are several
setae upon the head, one in front, one close to but mesad of the
eye and a pair on top of the head between the eyes; besides these
there is a transverse row of about 6 setae a little distance back of
the eyes. The antennae (pl.22, fig.la) are slender, about the
length of the mandibles; the first joint is about three
fifths of the whole length, -the white apical process of
the first joint is nearly as long as the four apical joints
taken together. The two apical processes of the second
joint are about as long as’ the third joint. The labrum has
about six pairs of rather prominent pale setae, some of them
pectinate, and a pair of short pale fan-like processes at the apex.
The mandibles (fig.1md) are stout and have a densely black tip;
the maxilla (fig.1 mx) has a prominent palpus, a pair of exceed-
ingly delicate slender mesad projecting processes with several
setae. The epipharynx has the usual pair of lateral arms, a trans-
verse comb composed of three hand-like processes, and the curved
pectinate hairs. The hypopharynx (fig1lhy) has the usual
papillae. The labium has a conspicuous black margin with the
two middle teeth longest, the first laterals much smaller, the
second laterals larger than the first, those laterad gradually de-
creasing in size outwards. The anterior prolegs have numerous
curved hairs, the posterior pair (fig.2) with numerous prominent
bilobed hooks. The ninth abdominal segment (fig.2) has the nor-
mal dorsal tufts of setae, four pale blood gills, of which the apical
two thirds of each is considerably smaller in diameter and pointed
at the apex. Dorsad of the upper pair is a pair of rather promi-
nent setae.

226 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Pupa. Pale yellow, with yellowish brown thorax; length 3.5
to 4 mm. Thoracic respiratory tracheae are delicate, much
branched, and white in color. The second and third abdominal
segments (fig.3) each are marked with an anterior transverse row
of caudad projecting short setae, the disk more or less covered
with smaller and more delicate ones, leaving a number of round
clear spaces. The fourth and fifth are like the third, the following
ones with fewer setae. The first is bare, the second has besides
those mentioned the usual transverse row of black, longitudinal
ridges. The anterior lateral margin of the anterior segments is
marked with a pale brown cloud, most easily seen in the empty
pupal skin. The lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment has
the usual filaments, each fin terminating in a toothed process, deep
brown in color (fig.4). The caudal fin has the usual fringe of
matted hairs.

Imago, male. Yellow; length 2 to 244 mm. Head with pro-
boscis, palpi, and basal joint of antenna yellow; antennal flagella
and sometimes tip of proboscis pale fuscous. Thorax with all
its parts pale yellow, the dorsum with three deeper yellow stripes.
In some specimens the metanotum, parts of the pleura and the
pectus somewhat deeper yellow. Abdomen wholly pale yellow,
with whitish hairs; in living specimens the abdomen is some-
times pale yellowish green; genitalia (p1.32, fig.12) long and
slender and yellow in color; the claspers long, the superior lobes
blunt with curved spines, the inferior lobes very slender and with
an elongate apical seta each. Legs wholly pale yellow, and
_ excepting the first pair rather hairy.. Tips of the tibiae with the
usual minute black combs. The fore femur is about one third
longer than its tibia, and the fore metatarsus is about 134 as
long. Wings hyaline, with a slight milky tinge, veins colorless;
venation as shown on pl.28, fig.20. Halteres white.

Female. Like the male, but the antennae are yellow, apical
joints are fuscous. The abdomen has a faint suggestion of white —
margins on the segments. In some specimens the dorsal stripes
are quite indistinct; in living specimens the thorax is sometimes
a greenish yellow and the abdomen bright green. This species
must not be confused with Tanytarsus exiguus which
it closely resembles, but from which it may be distinguished by
its distinct radial veins and hairless wings. Ithaca, N.Y.

42. Chironomus brevitibialis Zetterstedt
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:35387, 59
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:606
1877 Chironomus Y.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.261, 22
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Videnskab, Meddel. p.2738, 51

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 2

This pale green species resembles C. viridis, but is smaller;
the thoracic stripes, the sternum and the metanotum pale ferru-
ginous, sometimes subobsolete; the claspers of the male quite
long and slender; the legs pale yellow or white; the femora some-
times slightly greenish; the extreme tip of the tibiae and of the
metatarsi and the whole of the last tarsal joints brownish. Well-
colored specimens, with distinct ferruginous thoracic stripes, have
the legs more greenish, and the fore legs brownish. The fore tibia
is one third shorter than the femur and the fore metatarsus nearly
twice as long as its tibia; the remaining tarsal joints are much
shorter; fore tarsi are bare; the hind legs are hairy. Halteres
and wings white. Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm. Translation from V. d.
Wulp. Greenland (Lundbeck) ; Washington State; Long Island,
Noy.

43. Chironomus modestus Say
1823 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 3:13, 3
1828 Chironomus Wied. Aussereurop. zweifl. 1:18, 8
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2:41, 3
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Larva. (PI1.22, figs.8 to12). The larva is buff-colored or yellow,
with a slight reddish tinge; length 6 to7 mm. The head is brown
with a few dorsal setae; antennae (fig.9) slender, as long as the
mandibles, basal joint three fifths of the whole length. The
labrum (fig.10 ulr) with a few prominent pale setae, several hairs
of which are pectinate. The epipharynx with the usual pectinate
setae, lateral arms and transverse comb, the last with but five
blunt rounded teeth. Mandibles (fig.11) with blackened teeth.
Maxillae (fig.11 mx) with short palpus, several setae and a small
group of mesad projecting slender lobes. Labium (fig.111) with
rounded margin, the teeth with rounded outline, and a pair of
ventral setae. Posterior prolegs with bilobed claws, anal blood
gills distinct; the posterior dorsal tufts of setae are each placed
upon a papilla which is about as broad as long, and which has a
very delicate seta on its side.

Pupa. Pale green, length 5 to 5.5 mm. Respiratory organs
consist of a pair of tufts of white filaments. Dorsal surface of
the fourth abdominal segment (fig.12) marked with two trans-
versely oval patches of microscopic setae near the anterior mar-
gin and a large patch with few clear spaces covering the greater
portion of the dorsum; this patch is widest at the posterior mar-
gin. The third, fifth and sixth segments are similarly marked,
but the patches are smaller on the fifth and sixth, and larger on
the third; the seventh and eighth are usually bare; the second
has the usual transverse row of longitudinal ridges on its poste-
rior margin, and the dorsal surface is marked like that of the

228 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

third, though the setae near the posterior margin appear a little
more prominent. Near the posterior ventral margin of the first,
the anterior and posterior ventral margins of the second, and
Sometimes on the anterior margin of the third also there is a row
of rather long, slender, conspicuous, pale setae. Each lateral fin
of the eighth segment has the usual set of four pale filaments and
a brownish yellow slightly sinuous tooth (fig.8). The caudal fin
has the usual fringe of filaments. The dorsal surface of the first,
second and third segments is frequently slightly gray clouded. -

The larva and pupa of this species have also been described by
Dr Dyar (1902, p.57) from Bellport, N. Y.

Imago, male. (Stethidium yellowish, abdomen pea green. Eyes
black; antennae, shaft brown, whitish at the base; humerus, scutel
and intervals between the dilated lines of the thorax pale; wings
immaculate, costal edge near the tip somewhat dusky; feet green-
ish white, anterior tibia and the tarsi dusky. Length one fifth of
an inch (=5 mm.). Pennsylvania (Say); New Jersey (Johnson) ;
Ithaca, N.Y.

To Say’s description, given above, may be added the following:
The female is like the male, but the antennae are more yellowish
and the abdomen more deeply green. The fore tarsi of the
male are nearly bare; the fore femur is. about one third longer

than the tibia, while the metatarsus is about five sixths longer.
The male genitalia are figured on pl.32, fig.8, those of the female
in fig.11.

There appear to be several varieties of this species, differing
slightly in the adult state, and more distinctly in larval and
pupal stage. It is possible that when these and closely allied
species are better known, my varieties will be considered dis- .
tinct species.

Var. a. Larva reddish. The fourth abdominal segment of the
pupa as shown on pl.22, fig.15; the lateral fin of the eighth seg-
ment with comb of several teeth (p1.22, fig.16). The imago differs
principally in being smaller, in length not exceeding 3 mm., while
the smallest specimens of the typical variety are over 3.5 mm. in
length. In color, too, they are more deeply green, including the
thorax and legs. The wing venation is as shown on pl.29, figs.1
and 2, :

Var. b. The pupa differs from those of the preceding varieties
principally in being devoid of spurs at the end of the lateral fin
of the eighth segment. The dorsal surface of segments 5 to 9 is
marked as shown on pl.22, fig.14. The imago is about 3 mm. in

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 229

length; the longitudinal stripes of the thorax rather faint; the
male genitalia as shown on pl.32, fig.9; the lateral arms pro-
longed, curved upwards and enlarged at the ends; the inferior
lobes slender, about one half as long as the outer pair, with a
slight enlargement at the end; the superior arms are still shorter
and curved; the dorsal keel is elongate, curved downwards, and
with a slight notch near the tip. Both of these varieties from
Ithaca, N. Y.
44, Chironomus fulviventris n. sp.

Larva. Slender, head brown, tip of the mandible and edge of
the labium black; each eye consists of two distinct spots. An-
tennae short, stout, basal joint four sevenths of total length; the
appendage at the apex of the first joint longer than the four
apical joints. Labrum and epipharynx resembles that of
decorus n.sp., the transverse comb like that shown on pl.22,
fig.19; the lateral arms prominent and uniformly brown. Man-
dibles and maxillae normal; the labium has the middle pair of
teeth shorter than the first and second laterals (pl.22, fig.24).
The ventral blood gills were not discovered; the four anal gills
longer than the anal prolegs; the other appendages normal.

Pupa. The pupa has the dorsal surface of the abdomen marked
like that shown on pl.21, fig.11; the terminal spines of the lateral
fins of the eighth segment are shown on pl.22, fig.26. The caudal
fin has the usual fringe of matted hairs.

Imago. Male, deep yellow; length,3to4 mm. Head yellowish,
palpi, proboscis and antennae pale fuscous, the basal joint of
the last yellow, its hairs yellowish brown. Dorsum of thorax
yellowish with 3 wide testaceous stripes, the middle one divided
by a fine line; mesonotum and pectus reddish brown; scutellum
and pleura yellowish, the latter with some blotches, reddish
brown. Abdomen brownish, the anterior and posterior margins
of each segment yellowish. Last 3 segments broadened, all hairs
yellowish brown. The genitalia have a pair of elongate lateral
arms, a pair of blunt clubbed inferior lobes with curved setae, a
pair of hook-like superior lobes and a downward curved keel (one
half of these parts are as shown on pl.82, fig.10). The coxae, the
femora, particularly the apical half, the basal half of the fore
tibiae and the immediate bases of the middle and hind tibiae, the
tips of all tibiae, and all tarsal joints yellowish brown; the re-
maining parts more yellowish or whitish; all hairs pale, fore tarsi
bare. The wings hyaline, all the veins pale. Halteres white.

Female. Like the male, but the abdomen is nearly uniformly
yellow. In both sexes the fore metatarsus is only about one
eighth longer than its tibia. Specimens of larva, pupa and adult,
from Saranac Inn, N. Y.; several adults from Ithaca, N. Y.

230 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

45. Chironomus pallidus n. sp.
(P1.29, fig.5)

Male. The thorax yellow; abdomen whitish; length 4 to 4.5 mm.
Head yellow, including two basal joints of antennae; proboscis
and palpi fuscous or subfuscous; the flagellum of the antenna ~
dusky yellow. Thorax ferruginous, the scutellum, the humeri,
space in front of the scutellum and between the ferruginous dorsal
stripes is yellowish or whitish; metathorax testaceous, brown or
sometimes blackish. Abdomen white; yellowish or pale greenish
toward the tip. Genitalia white. Legs white, tip of fore femur,
base and tip of fore tibia, blackish; extreme tips of middle and
hind tibiae each with a minute black comb; the knees of middle
and hind legs sometimes slightly infuscated. Fore metatarsus
about one quarter longer than its tibia; fore legs nearly bare,
middle and hind ones rather hairy. Wings hyaline, veins nearly
colorless. Halteres white.

Female. Antennae yellow with apical joint fuscous. Abdomen
pale greenish. Ithaca, N. Y. July and September.

46. Chironomus frequens n. sp.
(P1.29, fig.7)

Differs from brevitibialis (No. 42) in that the fore meta-
tarsus is only one third longer than its tibia, the tibia more than
three quarters as long as its femora. The face and palpi are
yellowish in some specimens. The apical one third of the fore
tibia and of the metatarsus, the third fore tarsal joint, the whole
of the fourth and fifth joints of all the feet, and the tips of all
the other tarsal joints, blackish. The tips of the second and third
tibiae each with a minute black comb. The paler portion of tibia
and metatarsus is white. In other respects the two descriptions
correspond. Length 3.5 to 4mm. Many female specimens. Ithaca,
IN GOVE

47. Chironomus viridis Macquart.
18384 Chironomus Macg. Suit. 4 Buffon. 1:52, 21
1838 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 7:6, 127
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3531, 538
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:605
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.258, 17
1895 Chironomus Johnson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. p.320
1767 Tipula? virens Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. 2:975, 34
1888 Chironomus vulneratus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.814, 28

Male. Dorsum of the thorax greenish yellow, with three fer-
ruginous longitudinal stripes as with C. tendens. The
sternum, a spot on the pleura and the metanotum ferruginous.
Abdomen a beautiful light green; on the dorsum, particularly

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK Dod

toward the posterior end, somewhat darker; the posterior seg-
ments somewhat flattened; the forceps moderately long and
strong. Head yellowish, palpi brown, antennae brown, with its
hairs lighter, the basal joint yellow. Legs pale yellow; the ex-
treme tip of each tibia brown; the tarsi toward the end some-
what darker ; the foremost pair delicately haired, but not bearded ;
the fore metatarsus one third longer than its tibia; occasionally
the fore tibiae and tarsi darkened; the femora, however, are
usually somewhat greenish. The fore femora and fore tibiae are
of about equal length. Wings whitish, with pale veins.

Female. The antennae are yellow and have brown tips. Length,
5.5 to 6.25 mm. Translation from Schiner loc. cit. Florida
(Johnson).

48, Chironomus dux n. sp.

(P1.29, fig.8)

Larva. The blood-red larva resembles in structural detail that
of C. modestus (pl.22, figs. 9 to 11). The labium differs in
having the second lateral tooth smaller than the third; somewhat
resembling fig.1 on pl.21, but the second lateral is more distinctly
separated from the first.

Pupa. The pupa has the dorsal surface of the fourth, fifth and
sixth abdominal segments marked somewhat like that ‘shown on
pl.22, fig15. The second and third segments are more widely
covered with microscopic setae, leaving here and there small, cir-
cular, bare spots. The terminal comb of the lateral fin of the
eighth segment resembles that shown on pl.22, fig.16, but the comb
stands out more nearly at right angles with the long axis of the
body, and the teeth are somewhat curved caudad.

Imago, male. Length 5 to 6 mm. Bright green. Head and
proboscis and basal joints of palpi pale green, the apical joints
of palpi slightly infuscated. Basal joint of antenna yellow, the
flagellum fuscous, the hairs brownish. Dorsum of thorax with its
three stripes, the metathorax, the sternum and a few spots on the
pleura buff-colored; the humeri, space ‘between the dorsal stripes,
Space in front of the scutellum, the scutellum and the pleura,
green. Abdomen green with pale hairs. Genitalia yellow. Coxae
and femora green, middle and hind tibiae greenish or yellowish,
fore tibiae yellowish, slightly infuscated. Tarsi fuscous, the
metatarsi slightly paler. Middle and hind legs rather hairy; fore
legs nearly bare. Fore metatarsus about one third longer than
its tibia; wings hyaline, the anterior veins yellow, the crossveins
the same color; venation as figured. Halteres green.

Female. Slightly darker than the male. Dorsal stripe of the
thorax more brownish, tibiae slightly infuscated, especially the
front pair; and the extreme tips of the femora also show a trace
of brown. Ithaca, N.Y.

ea NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

49. Chironomus viridicollis V. d. Wulp
1858 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Tijds. v. Ent. 2:161, 2
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.254, 9
1898 Chironomus Johnson, in Smith’s Cat’l. of Ins. N. J. p.627

Male and female. Thorax green, shining, black, striped; ab-
domen fuscous; legs yellowish green, the knees and the fore tibiae
black; the fore tarsi of the male bare, male anal appendages small
and slender. Length 6.75 to 9 mm.

Antennae and palpi dark brown, the antennal hairs of the male
yellowish gray. Thorax shining, bright green; the dorsal stripes
(of which the middle one is divided by a fine line), two or three
spots at the root of the wing, the sternum, and the metanotum,
brownish black. Abdomen shining, blackish, with yellow hairs;
the posterior margins of the segments appear light gray, and a
longitudinal dorsal stripe sometimes becomes visible. The last
abdominal segment of the male is not as long as the preceding, its
appendages are filiform, pointed, not longer than the eighth seg-
ment. Legs greenish yellow; the tip of the fore femur, the en-
tire fore tibia, the knees of the last pair of legs, the tips of the
tibiae of the last pair of legs, the tips of the first two joints of all
the tarsi, and the whole of the last tarsal joint of all the legs,
brownish black. The fore metatarsus is about 14 times as long
as its tibia, the next tarsal joint is one half as long as the meta-
tarsus, the third and fourth are still shorter, and of about equal
length, the fifth is the shortest. The fore tarsi of the male are
not hairy. The last pair of femora and tibiae are pale haired.
Halteres with a pale peduncle and a greenish head. Wings almost
hyaline, the costal margin with a brownish tint, the veins brown-
ish, the anterior ones darker; the crossvein somewhat darkened.
Translation from V.d. Wulp, loc. cit.

Reported by Johnson from New Jersey. A number of speci-
mens from Ithaca N. Y., cannot be distinguished from the
European species. The wing venation is as shown on pl.29, fig.9.

50. Chironomus jucundus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:16
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Male. Wings bare; chest red, with a broad black stripe on
each side; scutcheon black; abdomen yellow, hairy; hind borders
of the segments and the whole of the latter segments, black;
feelers tawny, and adorned with tawny hairs; legs pale yellow,
hairy; tips of shanks brown; wings white; veins pale yellow;
poisers white. Length of body, 24 lines (5 mm.) ; of the wings, 4
lines (Qmm.). Georgia. Walker, loc. cit. New Jersey (Johnson,
1899). |

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 200

51. Chironomus longimanus Williston
(P1.29, fig.10)

T896 Chironomus Will. Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. p.274, 3

Male. Head yellow. Antennae, save the basal joint, black or
deep brown, the plumosity grayish black. Thorax light yellow; a
blackish brown stripe, running from in front of the root of each
wing, and joining in the middle in front, forming a V-shaped
figure; below these stripes the sides of the mesonotum are of a
purer yellow; the metanotum and a spot below the halteres
blackish. Abdomen yellow; a black band on the posterior margin
of the first and second segments; the fourth segment, the pos-
terior, or greater part of the fifth segment, and the hypopygium,
black or dark brown. Legs yellow; the base and tip of the four
posterior femora, and the proximal end of their tibiae brown;
front legs much elongate, the metatarsi about one fourth longer
than their tibiae. Wings nearly hyaline. Legs, 3 to 4 mm.
Williston, loc. cit. St. Vincent Island, West Indies.

52. Chironomus lobiferus Say
1823 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 3:12, 1
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2:41, 1
1828 Chironomus lobifer Wied. Aussereurop. zweifl. 1:16, 4
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sacken. Cat]. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Larva. Blood red; length 14 to 15 mm. Head dark brown,
each eye consists of two distinctly separated spots; the antennae
are about three fifths as long as the mandibles, brownish in
color, the basal joint about five ninths of the whole length, the
remaining joints slender (p1.23, fig.2). The mandibles, labrum,
and epipharynx resembling those of C. decorus. The setae
of the epipharynx pectinate. ‘The teeth of the transverse comb
as large as in C. decorus but not all are of the same length.
The maxilla and the labium are as shown on pl.23, fig.8; the
toothed margin of the latter being deep black. The setae of the
anterior pair of legs are curved and hair-like. The anal prolegs
have the usual bilobed claws; the four anal blood gills are short,
about three times as long as wide; the caudal setae are as usual.

Pupa. The pupa has plumose respiratory filaments; the mark-
ings of the dorsum of the abdominal segments consists of a uni-
formly distributed area of miscroscopic spines. The lateral fins
of the eighth segment (p1.23, fig.5) has the usual lateral filaments,
and each terminates in a very small comb of about seven teeth.
The caudal] fin bears the usual fringe of matted filaments.

Imago. Antennae yellowish brown; thorax pale cinereous, the
three lines testaceous; scutel and metathorax testaceous; wings
white, with a brownish obsolete point near the middle; pectus
testaceous; feet pale yellowish, tergum somewhat glaucous, the

234. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

segments with their bases and an obsolete longitudinal line black ;
on the middle of the base of the second, third, fourth and fifth
segments is a small, longitudinally oval, slightly elevated lobe,
extending nearly one-third the length of the segment. Length
three tenths (=7.5 mm.). Inhabits the United States. Say,
loc. cit.

The larvae and pupae were collected by Mr C. S. Banks at
Albany N. Y. The imago was not bred, but from nearly mature
pupae it was determined that on the dorsal surface of the pos-
terior margin of each abdominal segment excepting the last is
attached a spiked mace-like appendage (pl.23, fig.4) which ex-
tends one third the length of the segment following. On the
anterior segments this lobe is somewhat smaller and shorter.
As it lies closely applied to the dorsal surface of the segment it
appears as if it were a nodule of that segment rather than a
process from the segment preceding. The imaginal colors could
be distinctly seen through the pupal skin, agreeing with the de-
scription given above. ;

53. Chironomus festivus Say
1828 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se Phil. 3:13, 2
1828 Chironomus Wied. Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. 1:16, 5
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2, 41
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Body pale, when recent, light green; pectus, three thoracic
lines and scutel testaceous; wings white. Body pale yellowish
brown, when recent, pale green; head at base of the antennae
testaceous; antennae light brown; eyes deep black; thorax trili-
neate with testaceous, scutel testaceous; wings white, immacu-
late; pectus testaceous between the two anterior pairs of feet;
feet pale, hairy; thighs green; tarsi dusky at the incisures; an-
teriors nearly naked, with hairy tarsi; abdomen, second, third,
fourth and fifth segments tipped with blackish above. Length of
female 7/20 of an inch (9 mm.). Observed particularly in Dh-
nois. iSay, loc. cit.

‘Wiedemann describes both male and female, but gives the
length as 6.5mm. A male specimen bearing the label C. lineola-.
Wied., Westville, N. J., agrees with the above description of
festivus, and I believe it to be the latter. In this specimen
the fore metatarsus is about 1.4 times as long as its tibia, and the
fore tarsi are provided with long hairs. This species seems to be
closely related to C. tendens

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK ~ 235

54. Chironomus willistoni nom. nov.
1896 Chironomus sp. Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.275, 6

Male. Light yellow, the antennae brownish, and, rarely, the
posterior part of the abdomen also brownish. Extreme tip of the
four posterior tibiae black; front metatarsi about one fourth
longer than their tibiae. Wings hyaline; anal angle only feebly
indicated. Length 2 to 2.5 mm. Williston, loc. cit. St Vincent
Island, West Indies. |

55. Chironomus anonymus Williston
1896 Chironomus Will. Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. p.274, 2
The larvae are described by Dr H. G. Dyar (1902). They are
bright red in color, and possess the four ventral blood gills of
the eighth segment. The mouth parts are not described. The
pupa is of the usual type. Both larvae and pupae were found in
a rain-water barrel at Bellport, N. Y.

Imago, male. Head red, or reddish yellow, the front more yel-
low. Antennae brown, first joint red; plumosity at the tip black-.
ish. Mesonotum light brownish red; two stripes and the humeri
yellow; scutellum light yellow. Pleura light brownish or reddish
yellow. Metanotum brown. Abdomen blackish, the first segment
and the distal part of the next two or three segments yellow or
yellowish. Legs yellow; the immediate tip of the tibiae and the
tip of all the tarsal joints dark brown; proximal end of the front
tibiae also brown; front tibiae about one half the length of their
metatarsi, and not longer than the second joint. Wings nearly
hyaline. Length 4 to 5 mm. Williston, loc. cit. St Vincent
Tstand, West Indies.

A male specimen from Illinois differs from a St Vincent co-type
Specimen in being paler, in having the thoracic stripes, pleura,
metanotum and sternum pale reddish yellow or buff colored, the
remaining parts greenish yellow, the abdomen as described, the
paler parts with a greenish tinge.

56. Chironomus innocuus Williston
1896 Chironomus Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.274, 5

Male. Head and basal joints of the antennae light yellowish ;
palpi brown; antennae brown. Thorax light yellow; mesonotum
with a brown stripe in the middle in front, and, on either side, an
oval brown spot, the three separated, and the middle stripe
bisected by a slender yellow line. Scutellum light yellow. Meta-
notum brown; halteres brown. Abdomen black, with black hair;

236 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the seventh and eighth segments light yellow, with yellow hair.
Legs light yellow; the extreme tips of the four posterior tibiae
black; distal joints of the front tarsi infuscated, as also the front
tibiae; front metatarsi about one third longer than their tibiae.
Wings hyaline. Length 3 to4 mm. Williston, loc. cit. St Vin-
cent Island.

57. Chironomus similis n. sp.
(P1.29, fig.13)
Resembles C..cristatus Wied.; differs in being smaller and

in having proportionately longer fore metatarsi. Length 3 to 4
mm.

Male and female. Head brownish, palpi and antennae including
basal joint dark brown, antennal hairs of the male yellowish
brown. Thorax dusky yellow, the three dorsal stripes and ster-.
num brown, scutellum yellow, metanotum blackish. Abdomen
brown, posterior margins of the anterior segments widely yellow-
ish, with cinereous bloom; anterior margins narrowly yellowish,
the brown marking prolonged caudad along the middle line;
posterior segments almost wholly brown with cinereous bloom.
Legs yellow or yellowish brown, knees and tarsi sometimes a little
darker. Fore metatarsus three fourths longer than the tibia;
fore tarsi nearly bare; middle and hind legs hairy. Wings
hyaline, veins yellow, crossvein brown though not very prominent.
Halteres yellow. Chicago, Ill., Brookings, S. D., and Ithaca, N. Y.

58. Chironomus redeuns Walker

1856 Chironomus Walker. Ins. Saunders, I. Dipt. p.422
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
1900 ChironomuS Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 22:250

Female. Wings bare. Tawny. Antennae brown, tawny at the
base. Thorax with four brown stripes, the outer pair paler,
broader and shorter than the inner pair. Abdomen brown, with
a hoary band on the hind border of each segment; under side
tawny. Legs testaceous; tips of the femora, of the tibiae and of
the joints of the tarsi brown. Wings limpid; veins brown,
strongly defined; discal mark distinct. Halteres testaceous.
Length of the body 8 lines (=6 mm.); of the wings 5 lines
(=10 mm.). United States. Walker, loc. cit. Puerto Rico and
Mississippi (‘Coquillett, loc. cit.).

59. Chironomus plumosus Linne
1758 Tipula. Syst. Nat. ed.X. p.587, 19
1761 Tipula. Fauna Suec. ed.II. p.484, 1758
1767 Tipula. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. 2:974, 26

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 237

1804 Chironomus Meigen. Klass. 1:11, 1

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:20, 1

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3481, 1

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:601

1877 Chironomus YV.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.249, 1

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat]. Dipt. N. A. p.21

1805 Chironomus annularis Latr. Hist. Nat. d. Crust. et d. Ins.
; 14:289, 1

1818 Chironomus grandis Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:21, 2

(P1.29, fig.11)

The larva and pupa were obtained from the swamps in the
vicinity of Cayuga lake, Ithaca, N. Y. No adults were reared,
although several were captured in the neighborhood. The ex-
tremely large size of the larva and pupa, together with the color-
ing of the latter, lead me to believe that my specimens are the
early stages of C. plumosus. In fact the only species which
has been taken here in a number of seasons collecting which is
large enough to have larva and pupa of this size is plumosus,
and I therefore shall tentatively so consider it.

Larva. Blood red, length of body about 22 mm. Head brown,
antenna short and stout, basal joint about half as long as the man-
dible; the latter with blackened teeth and with the usual mesad
projecting setae. Labrum, epipharynx and hypopharynx were
destroyed. Maxilla with short palpus and a mesad projecting
lobe with setae and papillae as shown in fig.16 of pl.28. Labium
(pl.28, fig.15) broad with short blunt teeth; the middle tooth
broad with a nearly straight apical margin, the first lateral small
and more or less rounded, the second lateral broad and a little
longer than the middle one; the third pair smaller and closely
united with the second; fourth, sixth and seventh laterals about
of equal size with rounded margins, the fifth slightly smaller.
Anterior prolegs with very numerous fine hair-like setae. Ventral |
and anal blood gills present. The larva (4) mentioned by Gar-
man (1888) is probably this species.

Pupa. Grayish brown in color; the markings of the enclosed
imago visible; length about 16 mm. Respiratory filaments much
branched and whitish in color. The dorsum of the abdominal
Segments uniformly covered with microscopic spines, those near-
est to the posterior margins of the segments a little stouter than
the others. The lateral fin of the eighth segment terminates in a
chitinous process or spur, the extremity of which is divided into
7 or 8 spines in close contact (pl.23, fig.14). Caudal fin with the
usual fringe of matted filaments. The mutilated condition of the
larva and pupa renders further description impossible.

238 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Imago, male and female. Dorsum of the thorax dull pale yellow,
with three blackish gray, wide, longitudinal stripes, middle one
posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly abbreviated; in front of
the scutellum with a shining whitish gray spot; pleura near the
coxae darkened, with grayish sheen; metanotum gray. Abdomen
pale yellowish, each segment with a broad brown spot, which often
widens into cross bands, the last few segments and the sides of
the others in certain lights with whitish gray sheen, the hairs pale
yellow; the last few segments flattened, the anal one with its
incisure deep, the forceps brownish yellow, slender. Head yellow-
ish; antennae brown, the hair is light brown; palpi ferruginous,
often quite dark. Legs yellow, the knees darkened, the other
articulations, narrow blackish brown; fore tarsi of the male with |
long hairs; metatarsus one fourth longer than the tibia; middle
and hind legs delicately but long and thickly haired. Wings
whitish with a black spot. The female quite robust, colors darker,
abdomen brown, with gray reflections, the incisures appearing at
most slightly whitish, the antennae yellow, at the end brownish.
The coloring of this species is variable, sometimes lighter, some-
times darker, occasionally it has a touch of ferruginous, which is
then particularly noticeable on the antennal hairs; on the whitish-
gray posterior segments of the abdomen often appear regularly
arranged brown markings. The metamorphosis of this species
was first described by Reaumur. Length, 11 to 12 mm. Schiner,
loc. cit. 3 3

Brought from Mackenzie river by R. Kennicott (Ost.-Sack., loc.
cit.). Reported from Chautauqua lake N. Y., by C. V. Riley
(1886). Some male and female specimens from Ithaca N. Y.,
and Washington State, agree with the description and with speci-
mens from Europe in all particulars.

59a. Chironomus ferrugineovittatus Zetterstedt.
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3492
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:602
1877 Chironomus V. 4. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.251

Male and female. Head yellow, the antennae and palpi brown,
antennal hairs of the male dusky yellow, antenna of the female
yellow with a brown apical joint. Thorax pale yellow, with three
broad ferruginous longitudinal stripes, pleura with ferruginous
spots; pectus and metanotum gray; the flattened area in front of
the scutellum with a whitish sheen. Scutellum as also the
abdomen of the male for the most part yellowish, both with a
suggestion of green; upon some of the abdominal segments a
brown dorsal mark; the posterior segments with a whitish sheen;

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 239

the anal segment cordate, a third shorter than the one imme-
diately preceding; forceps brownish yellow, slender and pointed ;
the hairs on the sides yellowish; abdomen of the female dark gray,
with whitish incisures. Legs yellow with brownish articulations ;
the last two tarsal joints darkened; tarsal proportions as in
plumosus; male fore tarsi hairy. Halteres yellow. Wings
with a slightly yellow tinge, whitish in reflected light; the cross
vein dark brown. Length 9 to 12 mm. Washington State. —

60. Chironomus decorus n. sp.
(P1.28, figs..7 to 18; pl.29, fig.12)

Larva. The larvae were found everywhere in the ponds and
ditches around Ithaca N. Y. They are blood red, and about
12 mm. long. The head is dark blackish brown; the antennae
are short, normal. The dorsal sclerite is narrow ovate, posterior
end pointed, truncate anteriorly, with three setae along each
lateral margin, the first at the extreme anterior end, the last one
half way between the anterior and the posterior end, the second
midway between these. Articulated to the cephalic margin, and
overhanging the mouth opening is the labrum. There are two
pairs of prominent setae upon its dorsal surface; numerous
papillae, two or which are quite prominent on the anterior
margin and upon the anterior ventral surface. The arrange-
ment of the setae and the armature of the epipharynx shown
in fig.10. The epipharyngeal comb (c) has relatively long and
uniform teeth; the lateral arms are dark brown in color.
Each eye consists of two distinctly separated pigment spots.
The mandibles (fig.7) are black-tipped, with a fringe of apical
setae, a prominent lateral spine, and a group of mesad pro-
jecting branched setae; the hypopharynx has its usual papillae
upon the fore margin; the maxillae are prominent, each with two
lateral setae, the palpus is short and thick. The labium has a
black margin with an outline as shown in fig.8. In many speci-
mens the teeth appear to be slightly longer in proportion than
shown in this figure. The anterior prolegs have very numerous
curved setae. The body is nearly devoid of even minute setae.
‘The anal prolegs are normal, claws dark, bilobed. Anal setae as
usual. The eleventh body segment has four long white blood gills
on the ventral surface, and caudad of the dorsal setae of the
twelfth segment are four short ones.

The larva (1) mentioned by Garman (1888) is probably this
species.

Pupa. Dusky greenish brown, the colors of the imago showing
through the integument. Length 7 to 8 mm. Tracheal filaments
prominent, white and much branched. Thorax with a few scat-

240 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tered setae. Segments of the abdomen with a seta-pattern as
shown in fig. 11 and 12; the pattern more indistinct on the last
two segments. On each lateral margin of the fifth to the eighth
Segment there is a brown longitudinal dash, most conspicuous
and half the length of the segment on the fifth. The black chiti-
nized lateral spur of the eighth segment is prominent and without
teeth (fig.12). The anal appendage has the usual fringe of matted
hairs.

Imago, male. Length 6 to 7 mm. Head yellow, antennae and
proboscis more or less brownish, large basal joint of the antennae
and the palpi reddish brown, the latter sometimes fuscous. Thorax
greenish yellow with a whitish sheen, the pleura and the scutellum
the same color; the three thoracic stripes, some pleural spots, the
metathorax and the pectus dull testaceous or reddish, sometimes
even brownish; the middle dorsal line divided by a fine line.
Abdomen hairy, pale yellow or greenish yellow, in life more dis-
tinctly green, infuscated toward the tip; each segment with a
brownish transverse fascia slightly in front of the middle. These
fasciae are widest on the dorsal line, and are obsolete on the last
few segments. Genitalia brownish yellow, hairy, moderately
elongated (p1.82, fig.13). Legs including the coxae pale greenish
yellow, short haired; tarsi, particularly towards the tip, infus-
cated; tips of tibiae and of all tarsal joints fuscous, fifth joint
wholly fuscous. Tarsal claws simple, pulvilli small, empodium
stout, curved, blunt, and pectinate on the convex side. The fore
metatarsus about 0.6 longer than its tibia. Wings hyaline, cross-
vein conspicuously clouded with dark brown, anterior veins yel-
low, posterior ones hyaline, the two branches of the cubitus and
the anal vein accompanied by a faint brown streak. Venation as
shown on pl.29, fig.12. ik

Female. Differs from the male as follows: Slightly shorter,
antennae yellow, last joint fuscous; thorax more greenish than
yellow, abdomen greenish with dark bands as in the male, but
the bands are always wider and usually cover the whole surface
of the segment excepting the apical third or fourth. In other re-
spects like the male. This species seems to be very common in
many parts of the country. New York, Ohio, Illinois, lowa, Kan-
sas, Washington State, and Nebraska.

- 60a. Chironomus dorsalis Meigen
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:25, 10
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3529
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:605
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neer]. p.255
1880 Chironomus cingulatus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 6:245

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK D241

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3498

18384 Chironomus nigroviridis Macq. Suit. Buffon. 1:51

180 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3529

18389 Chironomus venustus Staeger. Kréj. Nat. Tidsskr. 2:562

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3496

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:603

1847 Chironomus waldheimii Gimmerth. Bul. Soc. Imp. Nat.
Moscou. 20. 2:142, 69

_ Larva and pupa. Miall and Hammond (1900) state that the
larva is blood red, and possesses both the ventral blood gills of
the eleventh segment and the anal blood gills of the twelfth. The
labium is as shown on pl.28, fig.1. The pupa is of the usual type,
resembling the one shown on pl.16, fig.2. The abdominal mark-
ings and the spurs of the lateral fin of the eighth segment are not
described. |

Imago, male and female. Head yellowish; palpi and antennae
dark brown, the last usually yellowish or reddish yellow at the
base, the antennal hairs of the male pale brown with reddish
yellow sheen; very dark varieties (var. nigroviridis) dark brown
with pale brownish sheen. Thorax yellow, yellowish green,
sometimes very pale green; the thoracic stripes, the pleura and
the sternum chestnut, sometimes ferruginous, sometimes blackish ;
the metathorax always blackish brown; the middle thoracic stripe
of the male divided by a fine depressed line, in the female more
distinctly separated. Abdomen of the male a translucent green
or yellowish green; the second and the following segments each
with a large blackish brown dorsal mark which frequently is in
the form of a cross band; the last segments are wholly blackish
brown, with a whitish shimmer; abdomen of the female blackish
brown with pale green pruinose margins: to the segments. Legs
pale green or yellowish; tips of the tibiae and of the tarsal joints
brown; the fore metatarsus 1.5 times as long as the tibia, and
nearly twice as long as the second joint; the following joints
gradually diminishing in length; the fore tarsi bare. Halteres
yellowish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brown, the crossvein
usually slightly clouded. Length 5.75 to 7.5 mm. Connecticut,
Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Kansas.

61. Chironomus stigmaterus Say.

1823 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 3:15, 6
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr.. 2:42, 6
1828 Chironomus glaucurus Wied. Aussereurop. zweifl. 1:15,8
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Tergum pale, toward the tip glaucous.

Male. Antennae pale yellowish brown; thorax pale cinereous,
lines very pale testaceous, sometimes tinged with dusky; scutel

242 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

yellowish ; metathorax reddish brown; wings white with a fuscous
subcentral stigma; pectus testaceous; feet pale yellowish; tergum,
basal segments pale reddish brown with whitish tips, terminal
segments somewhat glaucous. Length 0.8 inch (=7.5 mm.).
Habitat United States.

I have seen specimens, which I identify as this species and.
agreeing perfectly with the above description, from Kansas, Wash-
ington State, California, Wisconsin, Idaho, New Jersey and South
Dakota. The male has hairy fore tarsi; the fore metatarsus in
both sexes is about one-fifth longer than the tibia. The species
resembles cristatus but differs in having paler thoracic
stripes, in being generally paler, and in its metatarsal proportions,
From festivus and tendens it differs in having a darkened
crossvein. ,

62. Chironomus cristatus Fabr.

1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. 39, 4
1821 Chironomus Wied. Dipt. exot. 1:11, 1
1828 Chironomus Wied. Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. 1:14, 1
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20
(P1.29, fig.14)

Male. Dorsum of the thorax yellowish, with grayish-brown
stripes; abdomen yellowish, brown banded. Length 8 mm.

Antennae brownish. The dorsum of the thorax with the usual
three stripes, which, however, are not lead-colored, since they lack
the metallic lustre, but are brown, and appear in different lights
to be covered with a grayish bloom; the pleura have grayish spots,
the sternum and the metathorax ash-gray. The brown cross band
of each segment of the abdomen lies at the base of the segment;
each band is somewhat wider at the middle, where it is somewhat
prolonged into a fine line, sometimes reaching the posterior margin
of the segment. Legs yellowish. North America. Wiedemann,
loc. cit.

According to Fabricius (1805) the head is blackish and the legs
pale with blackish articulations. Some male and female speci-
mens from Chicago, I1l., and Ithaca, N. Y., agreeing with Wiede-
mann’s description may be further characterized thus: Face and .
palpi brown; large basal joint of the antenna brown in the male;
in the female the antenna is yellow except the apical joint;
scutellum yellowish; the last two or three abdominal segments
nearly wholly dark brown with cinereous bloom; male genitalia

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 243

dark brown. Legs yellow, knees of the fore legs and the fifth
tarsal joint of all the legs pale brown; extreme tips of all the
tibiae and of all the tarsal joints dusky; fore metatarsus about
1.5 times as long as its tibia; fore tarsi of male bare. Wings
hyaline, veins yellow, the crossvein brown. Length 6.5 to 8 mm.
New York, Illinois, Washington, Kansas, Idaho, South Dakota,
New Jersey (Johnson).

62a. Chironomus tentans Fabricius
1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.38, 3
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:24
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3482
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:603
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.255
1818 Chironomus abdominalis Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:32, 25
1804 Chironomus vernalis Meig. Klass. 1:13, 5

Larva. Concerning the larva Weyenbergh (1874) writes:

“The larvae were found among the rotting leaves in the water.
They were full grown in March and the beginning of April; blood
red in color, long and slender in form, and about 20 mm. in
length. . . . The mandible is deep brown, chitinized and sharply
toothed, particularly the vertex (pl.87, fig.28) is very sharp. The
lower lip (labium) is also sharply toothed, the teeth symmetri-
cally placed as shown on pl.37, fig.27. . . . The anal appendages
Bkerlanoe.«....”

Imago, male and female. Length 7.5 to 9.75 mm. Head grayish
yellow; palpi dark brown; antennae of the male dark brown, the
hairs paler brown, sometimes verging upon ferruginous ; antennae
of the female reddish yellow, darkened apically. Thorax pale
yellow or light green; the moderately wide thoracic stripes, a line
produced posteriorly from the median stripe to the scutellum, a
part of the pleura and the metanotum, dark gray; the whole
thorax especially when viewed from behind, with a whitish sheen.
Abdomen dark gray, the segments with whitish or grayish pos-
terior margins; the anal segment of the male short and broad,
the claspers bent, unusually stout. Legs yellowish, the knees, the
tips of the tibiae, and the whole of the tarsi, blackish; the fore
metatarsus nearly one half longer than its tibia, the second tarsal
joint about half as long as the first and but little longer than the
third; the latter but little longer than the fourth; the fore tarsi
not ciliate, even the hairs of the hind legs inconspicuous; these
- legs in both sexes robust. Halteres yellowish. Wings whitish;
the anterior veins pale brown, crossvein slightly darker, the other

244 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

veins nearly colorless. The thoracic stripes of some specimens
are ferruginous; the ground color of the entire insect in this case
verges toward green; the antennal hairs of the male is then also
mainly pale yellow. In this species the pale thorax contrasts
strongly with the dusky abdomen. ‘Translation; V. d. Wulp.
log, jerk.

According to Zetterstedt (1850) the ratio of fore metatarsus to
tibia is the same as in plumosus (i. e. one and one fourth to one).
This is the case in specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., Idaho, South ©
Dakota, Utah, Iowa.

63. Chironomus prasinus Meigen
1818 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:22, 4
1877 Chironomus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.250, 2
1889 Chironomus intermedius Staeg. Krodjer: Naturh. Tids.
23559, 3 ;

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3484, 3
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:601
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20
1818 Chironomus pilipes Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:26, 18

Resembles plumosus but is smaller, the abdomen in living
specimens is light green (which color in dried specimens becomes
yellowish) with blackish dorsal spots which sometimes spread out
in the form of a cross band, seldom wanting; posterior margins
of the segments with a whitish sheen; abdomen of the female
darker; with greenish white pollinose, posterior margins to the
segments. The ratio of tibia to metatarsus, the hair of the legs,
etc., like plumosus. Length 7.5 to9 mm. Translation, V. d, Wulp,
loc. cit. Northwest of North America. Osten-Sacken (1878).
Idaho, Minnesota, New York.

According to Hammond (1885) the larva is blood red, and pos-
sesses both anal and ventral blood gills. Judging from a draw-
ing given by him the labium of the larva appears to be like that
figured on pl.37, fig.25.

64, Chironomus polaris Kirby.

1824 Chironomus Kirby. Suppl. App. Parry’s 1st Voyage. CCXVITII
1831 Chironomus Curtis. Ross’ Voyage. LXXVII
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.288

Black, hairy, wings lacteous, iridescent, the costa fuscous with
nervures darker, halteres dirty ochre. Length 7.5 mm. Breadth, —
12 mm, Curtis, loc: cit.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK PAS

Lundbeck (1898, 272) says in regard to this species and C.
borealis Curtis, that they are probably identical with either
C. hyperboreus or C. staegeri. He says further that
C. polaris of Holmgren is not identical with either of the
above-named species, he having seen the Holmgren specimens.
In Holmgren’s species the fore metatarsus is shorter than the
tibia, while according to the figure given by Curtis in Ross’ Voyage
LXXVII, it appears that polaris Kirby is a true Chir-
onomus (sens. str.). Arctic regions.

65. Chironomus attenuatus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:20
1878 Chironomus Ost Sack. Cat’l Dipt. N. A. p.20

Male. Body dark gray, thinly clothed with yellow hairs; abdo-
men very long, fringed with hairs on each side; feelers brown;
legs dull yellow, hairy, especially the four hinder thighs and
shanks ; fore feet very long, hairy at the base; wings slightly gray,
with the usual dark spot on each, and having a fringe of very
short hairs; veins brown; poisers dark gray. Length of the body
3 lines (—6 mm.); of the wings 5 lines (—10 mm.). St Martin’s
falls, Albany river, Hudson’s bay.

According to the heading of the group to which this species
belongs the author states that the wings are hairy. White moun-
tains, New Hampshire (Slosson).

66. Chironomus crassicollis Walker

148 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:18
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt.N. A. p.20

Male. Body blackish brown, downy; chest thick; abdomen
much narrower than the chest; feelers and legs brown; wings
white, not hairy, very iridescent; veins pale yellow; poisers
brown. Length of the body one line (—2 mm.) ; of the wings 1.5
line (—3 mm.). St Martin’s falls, Albany river, Hudson’s bay.
Walker, loc. cit.

67. Chironomus fimbriatus Walker

188 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:20
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Body brown, hairy, abdomen fringed with hairs; feelers and
legs pale brown, the latter hairy; wings colorless, hairy, fringed;
poisers pale brown. Length of the body one half line (—1 mm.) ;
of the wings one line (=2 mm.). St Martin’s falls, Albany river,
Hudson’s bay. Walker, loc. cit.

246 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

68. Chironomus nigritibia Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:16
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Wings bare; chest black; abdomen yellow at the base; palpi
brown; legs yellow; tips of thighs and of shanks, and of joints of
the feet, black; wings colorless; a broad brown band across each
wing, faint toward the hind border; veins brown; yellow towards
the base; poisers lemon-color. Length of body 2.25 lines (—4.5
mm.); of wings 4.5 lines (=9 mm.). St Martin’s falls, Albany
river, Hudson’s bay. Walker, loc. cit.

This species may be the same as C. brachialis Coq.

69. Chironomus borealis Curtis
18381 Chironomus Curtis. Ross’ Voyage. LXXVII
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Black, thorax gray, abdomen with 7 whitish rings; costa fus-
cous; legs lurid. Length, 6 mm. Breadth, 12 mm.

Black, basal joint of the antennae ochreous; thorax hoary;
abdomen clothed with long subdepressed yellowish hairs, the mar-
gins of the segments shining whitish or silvery; wings lacteous,
opalescent, the costa fuscous, the nervures darker; halteres
yellow; legs dull castaneous ochre, tips of the thighs and tarsi
fuscous. Arctic regions. Curtis, loc. cit. Greenland.

According to Lundbeck (1898) this species may be the same as
either C. hyperboreus, or C. staegeri, though Curtis’
description is too brief to admit of a positive statement.

70. Chironomus albistria Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:17
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Male. Body reddish brown; stripes on the chest red or flesh-
color; side stripes passing into two broad white stripes; sides of
chest hoary; scutcheon pale red; abdomen dark brown, hairy;
sutures of the segments paler; feelers pale brown; legs pale
tawny, hairy; tips of thighs, of shanks, of feet, darker; wings
whitish, not hairy; veins pale yellow; poisers white. Length of
the body 3 lines (=6 mm.) ; of the wings 4.5 lines (—=9 mm.). St
Martin’s falls, Albany river, Hudson’s bay. Walker, loc. cit.

71. Chironomus brunneus Walker
1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:21
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20
Male. Wings hairy. Head and chest brown, the latter with
the usual three stripes of a pale gray color; abdomen of a yel-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 247

_lowish brown; feelers brown; legs yellowish brown; thighs
yellow at the base; wings colorless; veins and poisers yellow.
Length of the body 1.75 lines (83 mm.); of the wings 3.5 lines
(=7 mm.). St Martin’s falls, Albany river, Hudson’s bay.
Walker, loc. cit.; New Jersey (Johnson).

72. Chironomus lasiopus Walker

18488 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:19
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt.N. A. p.21

Female. Wings hairy. Head and chest yellow; the usual three
stripes on the latter brown, confluent, and occupying the whole
of the back; feelers brown; scutcheon dingy yellow; hind chest
black; abdomen brown, with a broad, dingy yellow band on the
hind border of each segment; legs clothed with short yellow
hairs; thighs yellow; shanks darker; feet brown; wings colorless,
with the usual spot on the disk; veins brown, poisers pale yellow.
Length of body, 2.5 lines (=5 mm.) ; of the wings, 4 lines (—8
mm.). St Martin’s:falls, Albany river, Hudson’s bay. Walker,
hee. cit.

73. Chironomus hilaris Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:17

Male. Wings bare. Body straw-color; head and chest tawny,
the latter produced in front, and having its usual three
stripes of a yellow color; feelers tawny; eyes black; legs brown;
thighs white towards the base; middle shanks pale yellow, ex-
cepting the base and the tips; wings white, each having a broad,
irregular, brown band across its disk; veins yellow; poisers pale
yellow. Length of the body 1.5 lines (=3 mm.); of the wings 3
lines 6 mm.). Habitat unknown. Walker, loc. cit.

74, Chironomus anticus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:21
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Wings hairy. Chest a little produced in front, silky white,
with the usual three stripes of bright tawny color; abdomen pale
yellow, hairy; last two segments dull tawny; legs pale yellow, .
hairy; a tawny band round each hind thigh; tips of the thighs,
of the shanks, and of the joints of the feet, tawny; wings whitish
from the base to the middle, pale tawny thence to the tips,
slightly fringed; poisers pale yellow. Length of body 2.5 lines
(—5 mm.) ; of wings 4 lines (—=8 mm.). Georgia. Walker, loc. cit.

75. Chironomus bimacula Walker
1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:15
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20
Female. Wings bare; body citron color; chest produced in
front, with the usual three stripes of orange color; a black dot

248 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

at the tip of each side stripe; feelers brown; legs dingy yellow;
wings pale; veins and poisers pale yellow. Length of body 1.25
lines (==2.5 mm.); of wings 2.5 lines (=5 mm.). St Martin’s .
falls, Albany river, Hudson’s bay. Walker, loc. cit.

76. Chironomus confinis Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:15
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Male. Pale yellowish green; chest with the usual three lines
dull red; the middle stripe divided; hind chest brown; abdomen
green, yellowish towards the base, darker at the tip; the sides
hairy; feelers brown; legs dull yellow, hairy; wings colorless,
hairy ; veins pale hee: ; poisers white.

Female. Chest yellow; middle stripe not divided; abdomen
dingy yellow. Length of the body one line (=2mm.); of the ~
wanes two lines (=4 mm.). St Martin’s falls, Albany river, Hud-
son’s bay. Walker, loc. cit. In the heagiae of the group Walker
says that the wings are bare.

¢¢@. Chironomus pellucidus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:21

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Male. Body pale yellowish green; feelers pale brown; abdomen
and legs very hairy; wings colorless, hairy, deeply fringed; veins
dull yellow; poisers pale yellow. Length of the body 4 5 line
(1.5 mm.) ; of the wings 1.5 line (=3 mm.). St Martin’s falls
Albany river, Hudson’s bay. Walker, loc cit.

78. Chironomus trichomerus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:21
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
Male. Wings hairy. Pale greenish yellow; sides of abdomen
fringed with hairs; eyes black; feelers and legs yellow, the latter
thickly clothed with short hairs; wings whitish, deeply fringed ;
' poisers pale yellow. Length of the body one line (=2 mm.) ; of
the wings two lines (—4 mm.). St Martin’s falls, Albany river,
Hudson’s bay. Walker, loc. cit.

79. Chironomus sp.
(P1.28, fig.18)

In the figure mentioned above is shown the labium of a blood
worm found in Fall creek, Ithaca N. Y., in the quiet water. This
labium resembles that of Chironomus decorus, but the
teeth are considerably longer.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 249

80. Chironomus sp.
1896 Chironomus Osborn. Bul. Iowa Exp. Station. p.405

The larvae were found in the city water at Boone, Iowa. The
larva is figured and briefly described by Osborn, loc. cit. It is
biood red, possesses the four ventral blood gills of the eleventh
segment as well as the anal gills. The figure shows the labium
with the middle tooth shorter than the first laterals; the last
laterals longer than those immediately preceding (p1.37, fig.26,
after Osborn).

81. Chironomus sp?
(Pl. 22, fig.7)

Yellow larvae 6 or 7 mm. long from Saranac Inn N. Y. Head
pale yellow, tip of mandible and labium black. The labrum,
antennae and epipharynx resemble that of Orthocladius
shown on pl.25, fig.3. The lateral surface of the mandible is not
wrinkled; the maxillae and the labium are as shown in pl.22, fig.7.
The setae of the anterior prolegs are delicate, curved and appar-
ently not pectinate. The posterior appendages resemble those
shown on pl.25, fig.6.

82. Chironomus sp.
| (P1.22, fig.22)

Larvae from Saranac Inn and from Ithaca N.Y. Blood red;
length 8 to 10 mm.; resembling the larvae of C. flavicin-
gula. Differ in having the middle pair of teeth of the labium
paler than the laterals.

83. Chironomus sp.

A blood worm from Beebe lake, Ithaca N. Y.; resembles the
larva of C. flavicingula in form, size, color,. shape of
prolegs, and appendages, etc. but differs in the form of its labium,
there being an even number of teeth arranged as shown on pl.23,
fig.6.

84, Chironomus sp.

The larvae (collected at Saranac Inn N.Y.) construct loose,
black, cylindrical cases composed of sand, decaying leaves, ete.
_ These cases are about four times as long as wide. The length of
the larva is about 10 mm.; the maxillae resembles that shown on
pl.22, fig.7. The margin of the labium is as shown on pl.22, fig.21.
The eyes are each composed of two distinctly separated spots.

85. Chironomus sp.

1900 Chironomus Pettit. Mich. Acad. Sc.
The larvae are pale green in color, and very small and slender.
They were found to mine in the water-lily leaves. The insect
works by tunneling or plowing a furrow which extends from the

250 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

top of the leaf to the lower epidermis. This tunnel is often
several inches in length and winds about in all directions in a
serpentine manner. . . . From the front end of this tube
the insect extends its head and feeds. . . . The pupae are
apple-green in color, as are also the adults. Michigan.

Five species of larvae of Chironomus have been described
by Garman (1888). Of these No. 1 is probably identical with C.
decorus; No. 4 with plumosus; the others are described
below.

86. Chironomus sp. Garman
1888 Garman. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bul. 3:160

Larva No. 2. Length about 10 mm. Head pale brown, under
side black. Two eye specks. Labium with four teeth on each
side; median tooth shorter than the two next it. Hairs of ante-
rior pediform appendage rusty. A pair of small club-shaped
(respiratory ?) appendages at posterior edge of the penultimate
segment. Anal papillae conspicuously enlarged distally. Illinois.

87. Chironomus sp. Garman
1888 Garman. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bul. 3:160
Larva No. 3. Length about six mm. A single eye speck. Pos-
terior segments without fleshy respiratory appendages. Anal
papillae apparently jointed. Illinois.

88. Chironomus sp. Garman
1888 Garman. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bul. 3:160
Larva No. 5. A very small pupa (3 mm.) taken in August still

retained its larval skin, the labium of which differs from that of
the preceding larvae in lacking the median tooth. Its condition
would not permit of more extended comparison with the others,
and it may prove the same as (3).

Genus 39. Cricotopus V.d. Wulp
Tijdschr. v. Entom. XVI (LXX) and XVII. 1382

Larva. ‘Small, yellowish or green in color, the anterior abdomi-
nal segments stouter than the posterior ones. Eleventh segment
without ventral blood gills. Antennae, labium, epipharynx and
labium essentially like those of Chironomus. Maxilla with
a number of mesad and cephalad projecting blades (pl.24,
fig.linv). Mandible frequently transversely corrugated on its
convex surface (p1.24, figs. 4 and 6). The anterior feet frequently —
with coarse pectinate setae.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 251

Pupa. The thoracic respiratory organs are simple, tube-like,
sometimes with enlarged extremities. Abdominal segments with
minute and short setae. The anal segment with 6 terminal setae,
three on each side.

The larvae and pupae of Orthocladius do not seem to
differ from Cricotopus.

Imago. This genus resembles Chironomus, from which
it is distinguishable in having the fore metatarsus a half or a third
shorter than the tibia. The last abdominal segment of the male
is much shorter than the preceding and is broader than long; the
claspers are short and broad, and usually white in color (pl.33,
fig.2). The legs are white and black annulate, the fore tarsi are
bare or covered with very short and inconspicuous hair (in an
exceptional case the male has bearded tarsi) ; the hind tarsi are
also usually bare. The halteres are always white or pale yellow.
Wings bare, the anal angle, particularly in the male, is promi-
nent; R,., is straight or slightly bent at its extremity, the cross-
vein is a littie beyond the middle of the wing; the cubitus is
forked, the base of the fork a little distad of the crossvein; the
lower branch is straight or gently arched toward the hind mar-
gin; the humeral crossvein is wanting or rudimentary.

The species of this genus are all small (2 to 4 mm.) and with
black and yellow coloring, the dorsum of the thorax has 3 shin-
ing black stripes, which sometimes are so wide as to entirely
obliterate the yellow dividing lines, so that only the humeri remain

yellow.
KEY TO SPECIES OF CRICOTOPUS

Larvae

a Sides of each abdominal segment with pencil of long hairs, p1.24, fig.9
Seb rt ase a urs
aa Abdomen without such pencils
b Middle tooth of the labium Roe than the first laterals, pl.24,
RENE ay Ee, eee ME Pe see ey OVC ae Cie ee wale © le ccbueas'ts 4. exilis n.sp.

bb Middle tooth about as long as the first laterals, pl.25, fig.22
6 varipes

Pupae
@ Pattern upon each abdominal segment in two wide transverse bands,
resembling that shown on pl.25, fig.7............4. exilis n.sp.

aa Not marked in this manner
6 Markings as shown on pl.24, fig.7; thoracic respiratory organs as
RIM REN OPE EA ETC OWeoh oon OGLE end Sha: Shc) aussi @ ol'ge pein Ge wa We & trifasciata
bb Dorsum uniformly covered with minute spines......... 6 varipes

252 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Imagines

a At least the apical half of the middle and hind femora black
b Abdominal segments with narrow white posterior margins; fore
metatarsus about one fourth or one third shorter than its tibia
. 1. tremulus
bb Abdomen with wide white or yellow fasciae
c Abdomen with the first, most of the third, half of the fifth, and
posterior margins of the second and the fourth, yellow
2. geminatus
cc Abdomen not marked in this manner
d With the fore metatarsus about one half as long as the tibia
e With yellow bands on the first, fourth and seventh segments
S trifasciatus (var. triecinetus)
ee With yellow bands on the first, fourth and fifth segments
4. exilis n.sp.
dd With the fore metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia
e With yellow bands on the first and fourth segments
5. biecinetus
ee -With the first and second wholly, and a part of the third and
fourth: segments” yells oS coe csretel omteres elec eels 6. varipes
aa Middle and hind femora for the most part yellow or white
b With first, fourth and seventh abdominal segments yellow
3. trifas cia pus
bb Abdomen not marked in this manner
c Metatarsus of the fore legs about one half as long as the tibia;

abdominal segments with yellow margins....... 7% sylvestris
ce Fore metatarsus about two thirds as long as the tibia; abdominal
segments with brown posterior bands............... 8, de builis

Notrre.—Consult also the auxiliary key containing Walker’s species, p.198.

In occasional specimens of some members of this genus the
part which is usually yellow is found to be black. In this case,
however, the black is shining, and easily contrasts with the vel-
vet black of the other parts. .

1. Cricotopus tremulus Linne

1758 Tipula Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. X. p.587, 23

1767 Tipula Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. p.975, 31

1804 Chironomus Meigen. Klass. 1:15, 11

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:45, 56

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3562, 88

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:611, 72

1884 Cricotopus Mik. Wien. Ent. Zeitg. 3:202

1899 Cricotopus Johnson, in Smith’s Cat’l. Ins. N. J. p.627

Male. Dorsum of the thorax yellow, with wide, posteriorly
confluent longitudinal shining black stripes; the pleura some-
times paler with black spot at the base of the wing; the scutel-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 253

lum and the metanotum shining black. The abdomen dull black,
basally and at the incisures whitish; anal segment thicker than
the preceding one; the forceps white. Head black, the antennae
brown, its hairs lighter at the tip. Legs black or brown, ante-
rior coxae, with all the femora at their bases and wide bands on
the middle of all the tibiae white; the second and third joints of
_all the tarsi also white; the fore metatarsus markedly shorter
than the tibia. Wings grayish; in certain lights whitish.
Halteres white.

Female. Differs from the male in having darker veins in the
wings. Length 2to3 mm. New Jersey (Johnson).

Translation from Schiner, loc. cit.

2. Cricotopus geminatus Say.
1828 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 3:14, 4
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2:42, 4
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20
1899 Cricotopus Johnson, in Smith’s Cat’l. Ins. N. J. p.627

Thorax fuscous; pleura gray; abdomen white, annulate with

black. Humerus gray, the color being a continuation of that of
the pleura; pectus livid; feet white; thighs blackish, pale at the
base; tibia at base and tip, and tarsi at tip fuscous; abdomen with
three broad double bands, formed thus: second segment fuscous
with the exception of the posterior margin, third segment fus-
cous on the basal margin, fourth segment fuscous excepting the
posterior edge, fifth segment fuscous on the basal half, sixth and
seventh segments entirely fuscous. Length 3-20 of an inch
(3.75 mm.). Pennsylvania. Say, loc. cit. New Jersey (John-
son).

3. Cricotopus trifasciatus Panzer
1813 Chironomus Panz. Faun. Germ. p.109, 18
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:42, 50
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3556, 83
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:610
1818 Chironomus tricinctus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:41, 49
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3555, 82
1864 Chironomus Schiner.. Fauna Austr. 2:610
tee Cricotopus V.d. Wulp. Tijds. vy. Ent. 17:132
io Or1eotopus VY. d. Wulp. - Dipt. Neerl.. p.272, 8
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. - p.21

(P1.24, figs. 5 to 10; pl.29, fig.15)

Larva. The larva is yellowish with a brownish or reddish
tinge. Some are wholly yellow. Length 4to5 mm. This larva
differs from all others thus far examined in having a bunch of
long, fine, pale yellow hairs (p1.24, fig.9) near each lateral margin

254 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of each of the abdominal segments. The hair tufts are about as
long as a single body segment, excepting on segments one and
two, where they are shorter or entirely wanting. The head is
brown, about 1.5 times as long as wide; antennae, labrum, and
epipharynx resembling hose shown on pl.25, fig.8; the setae at
the apex of the labrum longer than shown here. Mandibles
(pl.24, fig.6) with a branched basal and two simple dorsal setae;
convex side wrinkled. Maxillae (fig.5) with short palpus, a few
papillae and a tuft of mesad projecting setae. The labium (fig.5)
somewhat triangular, having a toothed outline as shown in the
figure. Prothoracic feet with numerous curved yellowish brown
setae. Abdominal setae as described above. The anal prolegs
and appendages were destroyed in the few specimens which I
have.

Pupa. Length 3 to 4 mm. with black and yellow markings of
the adult showing through the integument. Each prothoracic
respiratory organ is slender, nearly cylindrical, with smooth sur-
face and rounded ends, its length about 0.25 mm. (fig.8.). The
markings of the second, third and fourth abdominal segments as
shown in fig.7. The fifth, sixth and seventh are similarly though
much less plainly marked. The markings on each segment con-
sist of a large area of very minute caudad projecting setae with
a few scattered bare patches, a transverse band of stouter caudad
projecting setae near the posterior margin and a band of cephalad
projecting setae upon the margin. The latter band is particu-
larly conspicuous on the second segment. The caudal appendage
is quite small, and is provided with three pale setae on each
posterior angle (fig.10, which also shows the male genitalia of |
the enclosed imago).

Imago, male. Dorsum of the thorax “aloe with three wide
nearly confluent shining black stripes; a spot on each pleuron,
the scutellum, sternum and the metathorax also black. The
abdomen dull black, the first, fourth and seventh segment with
pale yellow cross bands; besides this the posterior margins of the
other segments narrowly white; anal segment thicker than the
others; forceps white. Head yellow; the palpi black; the antennae
brown, its hairs white at the tip. Legs black, the fore coxae, the
bases of all the femora, a broad band on each tibia whitish; the
fore tarsi black or brown, each middle tarsus with its two basal
joints, and each hind tarsus with three basal joints white. Meta-
tarsi of the fore legs of the male only one half as long as the
tibiae. Wings whitish.

Female. Abdomen more yellowish ; ; one may say, abdomen yel-
low with three black fasciae, the two anterior ones each divided
by the light colored incisures; the legs also with more yellow.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 255

Length 3 to 4 mm. Schiner, loc. cit. (tricinctus). North Amer-
wiea (O.S.); Ithaca N. Y.; Chicago II.

“The variety with less black, the thoracic stripes narrower, and
the femora only black at the tip, is known as var. trifascia-
ome ee Ved. Wulp (1877).

4, Cricotopus exilis n. sp.
(P1.24, figs. 14; pl.29, fig.16; pl.33, fig.2)

Larva. The yellowish green larvae were taken from the rocky
bottom of the shallow but swift, Fall creek water at Ithaca N. Y.
Length, 4 to5 mm. In most of its details the larva is like that
shown on pl.25, figs. 12 to 15; but I fail to find a seta on each side
at the base of the labium. The lateral surface of the mandible
is wrinkled (fig.4), and the curved setae of the epipharynx are
more prominent (fig.2); neither are the oblique wrinkles below
the teeth of the labium present. Claws of anterior prolegs are
coarse and pectinate.

Pupa. The pupa is yellowish with black; the colors of the
adult showing through the integument. Length about 2 mm.
The markings of the abdominal segments resemble those shown
on pl.25, fig.7. The caudal appendages consist of the genital sacks
and the three setae at the end of each lateral process of the anal
segment.

Imago, female. Head, occiput and upper half of front blackish,
the narrow horizontal space above the antennae and face bright
yellow; palpi brownish; probocis yellow; antennae brown, the
two basal joints yellowish, antennal hairs whitish with an
occasional black one. Thorax dusky yellow with three wide
shining black stripes, the median one much abbreviated behind,
and very narrowly divided posteriorly by a yellow stripe, lateral
stripes much abbreviated in front. Pleura yellow with 4 brown-
ish spots or bars at base of wings; pectus yellowish brown;
scutellum and metanotum black, the latter with a very narrow
yellow median line. Abdomen black and yellow, its dorsum with
yellow markings as follows: First segment, narrow basal margin
of second, very narrow apical margin of third, all of the fourth
and fifth except brownish clouds among the marginal setae, sixth,
seventh and eighth faintly at base and apex, and all of anal seg-
ment; thus leaving most of the second, third, sixth, seventh and
eighth blackish. Genitalia white. Sides of abdomen and venter
sordidly yellow, darkened apically. Near the posterior margin of
each segment there is a row of black setae, excepting on the first
segment, where they are paler colored. Coxae yellowish. The
basal one fourth of the fore and basal one half of middle and hind

256 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

femora, yellow; the remainder of the femora black, but the line
of division not sharply marked. Fore tibiae white with black
bases and tips; middle and hind tibiae yellow with black tips, and
sometimes bases also. Fore tarsi dark brown; middle and hind
ones yellowish brown, each joint darkened apically; fore meta-
tarsus about one half as long as its tibia. Wings bare and spot-
less, veins yellow. Venation as figured. Halteres yellow.

Male. Like the female but with less yellow; antennae brown
with yellow basal joints, hairs pale brownish; senteaay white,
length 1.5 to 2mm. Ithaca, N. Y.

5. Cricotopus bicinctus Meigen.

1818 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:41, 48
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:8553, 81
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:610
1874 Cricotopus V.d. Wulp. TVijds. v. Ent. 17:1382
1877 Cricotopus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.271, 2
1830 Chironomus dizonias Meig. Syst. Beschr. 6:252, 101

Head with the antennae and mouth parts black, the antennal
hairs of the male whitish at the tip. Thorax shining black with
yellow humeral spots (male) or yellow with wide sometimes con-
fluent longitudinal lines (female) ; scutellum, metanotum, sternum
black. Abdomen black, the first and the fourth segments and in
the female the venter also, yellow; the claspers of male snow
white. Legs black, fore coxae and the bases of the femora pale
yellow; each tibia on its middle section, together with the hind
tarsi, except the tips of the joints, white; fore metatarsus one
third shorter than its tibiae. Wings whitish, the anterior wing
veins and the crossveins pale brown (pl.29, fig17). Length 214
to3mm. V.d. Wulp, loc. cit. Peer

Several specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., agree perfectly with this
description. In one or two specimens of the male, the yellow
humeral spot is indistinct, and in ariother it is wanting. In some
specimens also the hind legs are pale brown, so that the white
tibial ring is conspicuous only on the fore legs. In some female
specimens the thoracic stripes are brownish.

6. Cricotopus varipes Coquillett
1902 Cricotopus Coq. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25:98
Larva. Yellowish, or with a greenish tinge. The body tapers
both toward the head and caudal end; hence the middle body
segments are of greater diameter. Length 6 to 7 mm. Head
dark brown, labrum, and epipharynx resembling C. exilis, the

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 257

- epipharynx with several pairs of rather stout curved spines,
besides several small setae; the lateral arms stout, with black
apices. The mandibles wholly black, with the lateral surface
faintly wrinkled, apical tooth long and slender. Antennae and
labrum as with C. exilis and Orthocladius fugax
(see pl.25, fig.3). The labium and maxillae as shown on pl.25,
fig.22. Hach eye consists of two spots nearly in contact, the
anterior spot much smaller than the posterior. Setae of the
anterior prolegs are coarse, curved, but apparently not pectinate.
Posterior appendages resembling those shown on pl.25, fig.6.

Pupa. Colors yellow and black. Length about 5 mm. Respira-
tory organ not discovered in the single specimen in my possession.
Dorsum of abdominal segments uniformly covered with minute
spines. Anal appendage like that of C. exilis.

Imago, male. (P1.29, fig.18.) Head and its members black,
hairs of antennae gray; thorax black, mesonotum highly polished ;
metanotum and scutellum opaque, velvet black; abdomen velvet
black, the first two segments and the hind margins of the following
two polished yellow; genitalia yellow; femora black, the extreme
bases and trochanters yellow, front tibiae and tarsi brown, the
former with a broad median white band, other tibiae and tarsi
yellow, their apices brownish, legs only pubescent, first joint of
front tarsi two thirds as long as the tibiae; wings whitish hyaline;
small crossvein slightly darker than the adjacent veins, R,.,;
almost straight; halteres yellow; length 2.5 mm. Great Falls,
Md. Coquillet, loc. cit.

Female. Like the male excepting for sexual characters. The
white band on the fore tibiae is nearer the base than the tip, so
that the black at the basal articulation is much less than at the
apical end. The yellow margins of the third and fourth abdominal
segments are quite narrow, and nearly wanting in some specimens.
The thorax of the female is more brownish, polished, with pleura
and humeri paler, sometimes yellowish. Male and female from
Saranac Inn, N. Y., Ithaca, N. Y., Washington State.

7. Cricotopus sylvestris Fabricius

1794 Tipula Fabr. Ent. Syst. p.252, 89

1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.47, 46

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:48, 53

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3558, 85

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:611

mie OFrreotopus ¥. da, Wulp, Tijds. v. Ent. °17:182

1877 Cricotopus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.274, 8

1899 Cricotopus Johnson, in Smith’s Cat’l. Ins. N. J. p.627

258 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1826 Chironomus trianntlatus Macq. Recueil Soc Se Agri.
Lille. p.202, 305°

1838 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 7:9, 139

1804 Chironomus vibratorius Meigen Klass. 1:16, 18

Male. Dorsum of the thorax yellow, with three black stripes,
often confluent posteriorly, a spot on each pleuron, the scutel-
lum, sternum and the metanotum shining black. The abdomen
black, the base and the incisures yellowish or whitish, the incis-
ures of the fourth and fifth segments usually wider, fascia-like;
in fact the markings of the abdomen somewhat variable; the anal
segment wide; the forceps white. Head brownish yellow; the
palpi darker; antennae brown, its hairs lighter at the tips. Legs
black, the fore coxae and femora narrowly white at the bases,
each tibia with a wide white or yellow band at the middle, middle
femora with the bases widely yellowish, hind femora whitish to
the tip; fore tarsi all black or brown; middle tarsi to the third,
the hind tarsi to the fourth joint whitish; metatarsus of the fore
leg about one half as long as its tibia. Wings whitish; venation
as figured (pl.29, fig.19).

Female. The female has the base of the abdomen and the venter
yellow, the incisures being whitish. Length 2 to 38 mm. Schiner,
loc. cit. New Jersey (Johnson). Some specimens from Chicago,
Ijl., agree perfectly with the above descriptions.

8. Cricotopus debilis Williston
1896 Orthocladius Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. London. p.275
(P1.29, fig.20)

Male. Red or reddish yellow. Plumosity of the antennae
brownish-black. Mesonotum with three shining brown spots or
stripes, narrowly separated. Abdomen slender; each segment
with brown posterior band. Legs yellow; front femora brown on
distal end; front tibiae light yellow on the proximal half or two
fifths, dark brown on the distal portion, about one third longer
than the corresponding metatarsi; front tarsi infuscated ; the four
posterior femora somewhat infuscated distally. Wings hyaline.
Length 2.5 to 3 mm. Williston, loc. cit. St Vincent Island.

I have examined a cotype specimen of this species now in the
Cornell university collection, and find that it should be included .
with Cricotopus, instead of with Orthocladius as
Professor Williston has it; unless, as the Abbe Kieffer has already
pointed out, Cricotopus should be considered as a synonym
of Orthocladius.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 259

Genus 40. Camptocladius V. d. Wulp
Tijdschr. v. Entomol. XVI (LXX); XVII, 133

Resembles in most respects Cricotopus; the fore meta-
tarsus is shorter than its tibia; the anal segment of the male is
short and broad, the claspers white with white hairs. Legs uni-
colored, at least not white and black annulate. The halteres of
most of the known species are dark. Wings bare, R,.,; is bent
upwards, sometimes short and ending noticeably before the end
of the costa, or running close to it for a distance, the cell R,.;
therefore quite broad; the crossvein usually on or proximad of the
mid length of the wing; the cubitus forked, the base of the fork
usually noticeably distad of the crossvein ; the lower branch sinuous
(p1.30, figs. 1 to 4). Usually small black species from 1.5 to 3 mm.
in length. In other respects like Chironomus.

The larvae of some species have been foundiin dung. Accord-
ing to Arribalzaga the palpus in Camptocladiugy has but
one joint; in all the species that I have seen there are four joints
asin Chironomus.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CAMPTOCLADIUS
Imagines
@ Thorax with more or less yellow
b Abdomen and thorax yellow, the latter with three wide blackish lines ;
wings slightly hairy (Greenl.)................ ihe ran eo 1a
bb Abdomen pale fuscous, or*fuscous
c Anterior crossvein is about one third the wing length from the base;
thorax yellow, black-striped; abdomen pale fuscous, more yellow-
ish anteriorly; legs yellow; length 1.5 mm.; female
2. Ca mp to ¢ la dias -sp.
ce Anterior crossvein is two fifths wing length from the base; abdomen
PATSCO US TEMe GIG. ZTE ave" < ose) cue, diet, wide feces eo EWM OS 1S Rm Spi
aa Thorax wholly black
b The crossvein is noticeably proximad of the fork of the cubitus
c Fore metatarsus about one third shorter than its tibia
d Rut; not parallel to the costa, the cell above it quite distinct;
wings hyaline, whitish; length 2mm......... 4. aterrimus
dd Ry; long, and curves so as to be nearly parallel to the costa,
nearly obliterating the cell above it, especially toward the apex;
wing often with a slightly smoky tint; body subshining; no
black dash at the base of the wing; length 1.5 mm.
; © minimvs
ec Fore metatarsus about one half as long as its tibia
d@ Fore legs pubescent, nviddle and hind ones sparsely short pilose;
palpi black, thorax black, lightly cinereous, with two rows of
yellowish hairs; wings white; length 1,75 to 2.25mm. (Green-
1c aH) Apes eee 78 neery, Sree ae Hivtieves er tebe aeeverves PWMITio
dd Not as described above

260 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

e The posterior branch of the radius ends far before the tip of
the wing; wing milk white with a short black bar at its
base; antennae of the male with pale hairs; length 1.5 to
2, TAVTN, pec Se ce Slane ee OR Ce ee ee ee 6 bysinnus

ee R,t; moderately long; peduncle of the halteres pale; wing milky
‘white; antennae and palpi black (Greenland)...8. parvus

bb Crossvein but little if any proximad of the fork of the cubitus.
Greenland species

c Middle legs very pilose. ........0....6. PPE SEE tot 9 velutinus
cc Middle tibiae and tarsi nearly bare............... 10. extremus

NoreE—Compare also the auxiliary key containing Walker’s species on
a 1. Camptocladius graminicola Lundbeck
1898 Chironomus Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. p.278, 59
1902 Camptocladius Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:214

Male. Thorax yellow, subshining, with three blackish brown
stripes, the middle one posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly
abbreviated ; the pleura yellow, the pectus blackish brown, scutel-
lum yellow, metathorax brown. The abdomen yellow, with yellow
hairs, toward the tip sometimes a little darkened. The antennae
yellow or pale brown, the palpi yellow. The legs also yellow or
pale brown. The halteres yellow; the wings white, the anal lobe
moderately produced, obtuse-angled, the veins pale, toward the
costal border a little darker. The vein R,.. is straight, the costa
is produced a little beyond the tip of the wing, M is almost
straight, and runs into the tip of the wing, the cubitus forks
under the crossvein, its upper branch enters the wing margin
under the tip of R,.,; its lower branch is suddenly deflected.
The middle and hind legs are yellow pilose, the fore pair
pubescent, the anterior metatarsus a little shorter than the tibia.

Female. Similar to the male, but shorter, and also paler in
color; the antennae shorter than the thorax, the abdomen pale
yellow, the posterior margins of the segments darker, the wings
wider, and finally, the tip of the wing very thinly haired. Green-
land. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

The male has a few very indistinct hairs upon its wing near the
apex; the hairs upon the wing of the female are rather more con-
spicuous. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

From this statement it appears that this species might with
propriety have been classed with Metriocnemus.

2. Camptocladius sp.
(P1.30, fig.1)

Female. A single specimen from Lake Forest Il]. resembles the
next species, C. fumosus, but differs in being paler or more
yellowish, and in having the small crossvein at about one third »
the wing length from the base. Length 1.5 mm.

. MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 261

3. Camptocladius fumosus n. sp.
(P1.30, fig.2)

Male. Fuscous. Head and palpi dusky yellowish, occiput gray-
ish; antennae wholly fuscous, the hairs brown. Dorsum of thorax
with three wide subshining black or dark brown stripes, the an-
terior margin, the humeri, the narrow lines separating the dorsal
stripes, and the pleura yellow, the scutellum brownish yellow;
sternum and metanotum subshining brown or blackish. Abdomen
and genitalia uniformly fuscous, with pale hairs. Legs pale fus-
cous, the bases of the femora yellow. Hairs pale. Front meta-
tarsus about one half as long as its tibia. Wings hyaline with a
yellowish tinge; the fork of the cubitus is beyond the crossvein ;
tip of R,., is rather close to the tip of the wing and distad of the
extremity of Cu,. Halteres yellow. Length 2mm. Ithaca N. Y.

4, Camptocladius aterrimus Meigen
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:47, 59
18389 Chironomus Staeger. Kr6éj. Tidsskr. 2:578, 61
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3573, 99
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:612
1874 Camptocladius V. 4d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17:183
1877 Camptocladius V. d. Wulp.” Dipt. Neerl. p.276

Velvet black. Antennae, legs and halteres black, plume of the
antennae of the male blackish, with a whitish shimmer near
the tip. Fore metatarsus about one third shorter than its tibia.
Wings whitish, the anterior veins pale brown, the others uncol-
ored, without a short ‘black longitudinal dash at the root of the
- wing, R,.. gradually bent toward the costa and joining it not far
from the end; the posterior branch of the cubitus somewhat less
bent than in C. byssinus; length 2.25 mm. Fork of the
cubitus noticeably distad of the crossvein. V. d. Wulp, loc. cit.
Greenland; Staeger, loc. cit.; Michigan; New Jersey.

5. Camptocladius pumilio Holmgren

1869 Chironomus Holmg., K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 8:5, 41
fie Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.276, 57
1902 Camptocladius Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. p.1:215

Male. Thorax black, lightly cinereous, subshining, posteriorly
with two cinereous, strongly approximated stripes, with yellow
pile arranged in two rows. Abdomen black or fuscous black,
the base sometimes paler, shining; and with yellow pile. The
antennae a little longer than the thorax (not shorter as Holm-
gren has it). The palpi are black; the legs are more or less
brown. The halteres are fuscous black, with the peduncle some-
times sordidly white. The wings are whitish hyaline, the anal

262 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

lobes moderately produced, rounded, obtuse angled; the veins
toward the costal border are brown, the others thin and pale;
both branches of the radius curved; the costa does not extend
bevond the tip of the vein R,.., the media runs into the margin |
of the wing a little beyond the tip, cubitus forks far distad of the
crossvein, its anterior branch ends in the posterior margin of
the wing a little proximad of the end of R,.,, the posterior branch
is suddenly deflected. The middle and hind legs are sparsely
pilose, the fore pair is pubescent; the metatarsus of the fore legs
is but little more than one half as long as its tibia.

Female. The antennae shorter than the thorax, the wings
shorter and wider, the veins a little more distinct, the media more
curved, and the abdomen more robust; everything else as with the
male. Length, male and female, 1.75 to 2.25 mm. Greenland.
Lundbeck, loc. cit.

6. Camptocladius byssinus Schrank

1803 Tipula Schrank. Fauna Boica. 3:76, 2330

1818 ChironomusS Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:46, 58

1845 Chironomus Staeger. Krodjer. Naturh. Tids. n. s. 1:352, 7
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3572, 98

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:612

1874 Camptocladius V.d. Wulp. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 17:188
1877 Camptocladius V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.276

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat]. Dipt. N. A. p.20.

1898 GChironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.2738, 53

Velvet black; antennae brownish, plume of the male antenna
whitish. Legs blackish brown or pitchy, the hind legs hairy, the
fore metatarsus about one half as long as its tibia, the remaining
joints in decreasing lengths. Halteres black. Wings milk white,
with almost colorless veins excepting at the root of the wing,
where there is a short black dash (the basal portion of R); R,+;.
short, bent toward the costa, which it enters far from its ex-
tremity (p1.30, fig.3); the cell R,,, hence quite wide even near
its apical end; posterior branch of the cubitus sinuous; fork of
the cubitus noticeably distad of the crossvein. Length 1.75 to
2.295 mm. V. d. Wulp, loc. cit. New Jersey. (Johnson, 1899) ;
Greenland (Staeger and Lundbeck); Ithaca N. Y., Michigan,
Washington State, Alaska.

7. Camptocladius minimus Meigen

1818 Chironomus Mee, Syst. Beschr 22:47; 01

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:35738, 100

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:612

1874 Camptocladius V.d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent.. 17:183
1877 Camptocladius V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.277

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 263

Black, slightly shining. Antennae black, the plumes of the
male dark brown. Legs ‘blackish or pitchy or even yellowish
brown; the fore metatarsus one third shorter than its tibia. Hal-
teres black. Wings with a grayish tint; the anterior veins pale
_ brown, the others uncolored; no black dash at root of wing; R,+;
bent upwards toward the costa and for a short distance appears
to coalesce so that at a casual glance it appears thickened at the
end; posterior branch of cubitus not so strongly bent as in
byssinus; fork of the cubitus noticeably distad of the cross-
vein, pl.30, fig.4. Length 1.25 to 1.75 mm. Ithaca N. Y.; Idaho.
Larva found in dung (Howard, 1901).

8. Camptocladius parvus Lundbeck

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.275, 55
1902 Camptocladius Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:215

Female. Thorax black, somewhat shining, with two sometimes
indistinct cinereous stripes, or with three black stripes, the mid-
dle one posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly, abbreviated. The
scutellum is brown, the abdomen is black or fuscous, slightly yel-
low pilose. The antennae and palpi are dark. The legs are brown,
more or less pale. The halteres are dark, the peduncle and the
base of the knob sordidly white. The wings are hyaline, in cer-
tain lights clear white, pruinose or milky, the posterior margin
long ciliated, the anal lobe but little produced, rounded; the veins
pale and thin; the radius is somewhat brownish, its anterior
branch is short, and runs into the costa near the middle of the
wing; its posterior branch is nearly straight, the media curves
towards the tip and runs into it, the cubitus forks somewhat
distad of the crossvein, its posterior branch is suddenly deflected,
the anterior branch and the main trunk are about of equal length.
The middle and hind legs are distinctly pilose, the anterior meta-
tarus is one half the length of its tibia. Length 1.5 mm. Green-
land. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

9. Camptocladius velutinus Lundbeck

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. 'p.274, 54
1902 Camptoecladius Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:215

This species resembles C. byssinus and C. minimus,
but differs from the former in having smoky wings and in being
smaller; from the latter in having shorter metatarsi, and from
each in its wing venation.

Female. Thorax black, velvety, with two indistinct longitudinal
Stripes, anteriorly confluent; the abdomen black, velvety, sparsely
yellow, pilose; the scutellum brown. Antennae and palpi dark.

264 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The legs black or blackish brown. The halteres are dark, peduncle
and base of knob sometimes sordidly white. The wings gray or
smoky, the anal lobe moderately produced into an obtuse angle;
the veins are thin and pale, the radius is dark, R,., almost
straight, the costa extends a little beyond the tip, the media runs
into the tip of the wing, the fork of the cubitus is about opposite
the crossyein, its posterior branch suddenly deflected. The middle -
and hind legs are very pilose, the fore metatarsus is about one
half the length of its tibia. Length,1.5 mm. Greenland. Lund-
beck, loc. cit.
10. Camptocladius extremus Holmgren

1869 Chironomus Holmgr. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 8:5, 40
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.276, 56
1902 Camptocladius Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:214 :
1865 Chironomus aterrimus Bohem. Ofy. K. Vet. Akad. Forh.

p.d575, 21, part

Male. Black, silky. Antennae fuscous black. Wings whitish
hyaline, toward the costa subinfuscated; the halteres fuscous
black, the legs the same color.

Female. Black, cinereous pruinose. The antennae pilose, the
legs fuscous black. Wings somewhat cinereous toward the costa,
subinfuscated. Halteres dark.

Male and female. Wings moderately wide, bare, the margins
ciliated, the anterior veins stronger and darker than the others,
which are pale and thin; there are two distinct spurious costal
veins (folds?) ; a short subcostal vein is usually present. The
fork of the cubitus is a little distad of the crossvein, Cu, much
curved; R,., ends very near the tip of the wing. The legs of the
male have longer pile than those of the female; in both sexes the
tibiae and the tarsi of the fore and middle legs nearly bare. The
‘fore tibiae rather long, straight, thickened at the base; fore meta-
tarsus one half or at least one third shorter than its tibia. Length
about 15 mm. Greenland. Holmgren, loc. cit. ©

This species is closely related to C. byssinus, but it differs

in that the base of the fork of the cubitus lies under the crossvein
or but little distad of it. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

Genus 41. Orthocladius Van der Wulp
Tijdschr. vy. Entomol. XVI (LXX) and XVII, 132
The larvae and pupae greatly resemble those of Cricoto-
pus, and I have been unable to find a single character which
will separate all the species of the one genus from those of the
other. .

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK > 265

Imago. Resembles Cricotopus and Camptocladius.
The fore metatarsus is shorter than the tibia; the legs are not
black and white annulate, but nearly uniform in color, either
dark or light, in the latter case at most with only dark articula-
tions. Wings bare, R, enters the costa beyond the mid length of
the wing; R,., straight or only slightly bent, reaching the end
of the costa; crossvein at or even before the mid-length of the
wing; the forking of the cubitus usually noticeably distad of the
crossvein ; the posterior branch straight or gently curved. Genl-
talia of the type shown on pl.33, fig.1, thus resembling Cricoto-
pus (fig.2). The species usually small, though occasionally of
moderate size. In other respects like Chironomus. It will
be noted that it does not differ structurally from Cricotopus,
differing only in color characters.

KEY TO SPECIES OF ORTHOCLADIUS

. Larvae
a Mandible slender with sharp apex; antennae slender; margin of labium
moet TDA The oo vic oo we ke eiece’s Pardee pea: he ek Lavy tS. Nesp;

aa Mandible rather stout; margin of labium with regular teeth

b First laterals of the labium notched on the outer margin; mandible
mitielateral SUELACE WIINKIEG sie oo. ee sie e Oe ee ws Tot Wa Xs H.sp:

bb First laterals with rounded margins

c¢ Labium on the lower surface with two converging folds, pl.25, fig.14

7 sordidellus

ce Labium without these folds, pl.24, fig.21....... 8 nivoriundus
Pupae

a Posterior margin of each abdominal segment with a row of long stout

See Eee ISA Loe DINGS MO. 3 ain 4 lovee ere sc oko w.6 ole brete’s 5. flavus n.sp.

aa The segments without these setae
b Dorsal surface of each segment nearly uniformly covered with minute
spines and four pairs of setae; respiratory organ with enlarged
apical. end, PLA Nes, 22, 25, 2400. Fh eee eck. 8 nivoriundus
bb Dorsal surface with several transverse patches of minute spines

c The patch covering the center of the disk of each segment largest,
Riles AOE Ds oe cilia ore ork ee o4 Shae c RWarareere Loh UO € aX De sp:

ce The middle band consists of two irregular rows of short stout spines

7 sordidellus

Imagines

a Yellowish species. (The females, and the species with brown abdomens,
should be sought for in the next section also.)

b Large species 6mm. in length; yellow; thorax with three dark yellow
or brown stripes; abdomen with two brown spots on each segment;

REL MECE Ca ec einen se area aa lee 'a wie of acer trer eee ewe We ic Cee ee oe eee Ske a:

266 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

‘6b Smaller species with pale or yellowish brown abdomen; if not, then
abdomen is without distinct spots
c Thoracic stripes black
d Thorax yellow; three vittae on mesonotum, spot below each wing,
the pectus and metanotum black, mesonotum highly polished,
scutellum brownish yellow; legs brown, fore metatarsus three
fourths as long as its tibia; length 2.5mm.; abdomen pale

brown; male. (District of Columbia) ........... 2. pod Tete
dd Abdomen fuscous black; legs brownish; length 3 mm.; female.
(See“sioada die Mise valso)icce tk. <a chee ee 3. frigidus

cc Thoracic stripes brown or reddish
d@ Abdomen of male with spots on sides of last two segments. THast-
CEN? SPCCIOS satis BOR RT, Oo) Bae oriole eho ad a oer eee 4. oceanicus
dd Abdomen not spotted
e Species having black tibiae and tarsi; length 3.5 to 4mm.
: 5. flavus 0D. sp.
ee Tibiae and tarsi yellow or pale fuscous; smaller species
f Minute yellow species having the crossvein of the wing at the

basal third sJensth <7) 7ho. dem, 2. ces, 6. sordens Nn. sp.
ff Larger species with the crossvein beyond the basal third of the
Wale; teneth 2 tosh, see See ree 7. sordidellus
aa Blackish or fuscous species
b Wings with an hourglass-shaped spot............. 20. clepsydrus

bb Wings not so marked; halteres dark
c Wings slightly smoky in both sexes; for metatarsus over .6 as long
_as its tibia
d Fore legs of male long haired; thorax of female anteriorly with
Vollow.:Spots “ees ee Ree a es ee OL ee Dal TD) Cl Omt Mates
dd Fore legs of male nearly bare; thorax of female blackish
8 nivoriundus
ce Wings of the male at least, milk white; fore metatarsus about one
half as long as its tibia; larva terrestrial...9. stercorarius
bbb Wings not so marked; halteres white or pale |
c Legs pale; thorax with three stripes, sometimes indistinct
d The fore metatarsus about one half as long a8 its tibia; hind
tibiae and tarsi scarcely pubescent; length 1 to 1.3 mm.
. 10. atomarius
dd Fore metatarsus more than one half as long as its tibia ©
e Thorax yellow with three brown stripes; scutellum yellow,
metathorax black; abdomen brownish, or sordidly yellow;
legs pale yellow, tipped with black; wings white; length 2 to

A Nea ats S a aaa cteiatidd oe re 7. sordidellus
ee Usually smaller species (2.5mm. or less) and otherwise not as_
above

f Fork of the cubitus under the crossvein
g Fore metatarsus a little shorter than its tibia; thorax,
including scutellum and pleura, yellow, the three stripes,
pectus and metanotum brown; abdomen fuscous, base and
venter yellowish ; length 2 to 2.25mm. (Greenland)
11. difficilis

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 267

gg Fore metatarsus 0.6 as long as its tibia; female with a
peculiar egg guide, pl.33, fig.7....12. absurdus 20. Sp.
ff Fork of cubitus distad of crossvein
g Ruts enters the wing margin far proximad of tip of Cu,;
length 1.25 to 2mm. (Greenland)....13. claripennis
gg Rt enters wing margin distad of On
h Small blackish species 1 to 15mm. long; fore metatar-
sus a little shorter than its tibia....... 14. minutus
hh Species 2 to 2.5mm. long; greenish black; fore metatar-
sus a little over one half as-long as its tibia
15. fugax n.sp.
ec Legs fuscous or black; thorax of male usually not striped;
antennae black
d Small black species 1 to 1.5mm. in length; fore metatarsus a
Bette “SOE bE Rcd MAIN: Wisp CED Laie sce 5) Son's, ote ae lecre) oh sca oe 14. minutus
dd Larger species 2.5 to 3mm. in length
é Fourth tarsal joint obcordate, shorter than the fifth. (For
description see genus Thalassomyia)..... platypus
ee Fourth tarsal joint linear
f Fore metatarsus at least three fourths as long as its tibia
g Anterior tarsi of the male densely hairy; wings white;
veins fuscous at base; abdomen subshining black; length
et OTN 0 Be ae a eA earn nei ee 16. pubitarsis
gg Fore tarsi of the male nearly bare; last three abdominal
segments with pale margins; thorax of the female
striped. (Compare also sordidellus)
Bip ee) alge eads GK 6 i EC
ff Fore metatarsus not more than two thirds as long as its tibia
g Wings whitish hyaline, a little darker in the female; abdo-
men fuscous, with fuscous hairs
17. obumbratus n.sgp.
gg Wings cinereous ; abdomen velvet black with the margins of
the segments shining black; fork of the cubitus under or
but very slightly beyond the crossvein..... 18. basalis

NotE—Consult also the auxiliary key of Walker’s species on p.198

1. Orthocladius par Coquillett
1901 Orthocladius Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23:608

Male. Yellow, the antennae except the basal joint, apices of
front femora, of their tibiae and of their first two tarsal joints,
the whole of the remaining joints, also the last two on the other
tarsi, brown; a pair of rather large black spots on abdominal seg-
ments two to eleven (sic.) ; mesonotum marked with three darker
yellow vittae, hairs of antennae bright yellow, becoming brownish
at their apices; front tarsi destitute of long hairs, the fourth joint
more than one third as long as the first; wings bare, whitish hya-
line, the portion in front of R, and R,.. dark gray, the veins
brownish; length6mm. Riverton, N. J. Coquillett, loc. cit.

268 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

2. Orthocladius politus Coquillett
1902 Orthocladius Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:93

Male. Head yellow, antennae brown, its hairs yellowish brown;
thorax yellow, the three vittae on mesonotum, spot below each
wing, the breast and metanotum black, mesonotum highly polished,
scutellum brownish yellow, polished, its base opaque blackish ;
‘abdomen yellowish brown, becoming darker toward the apex; legs
brown, trochanters and extreme bases of femora yellow, middle
and hind tibiae and bases of their tarsi dull yellowish, legs only
pubescent, fourth tarsal joint slender, as long as the fifth, first
joint of front tarsi three fourths as long as the tibiae; wings
hyaline, small crossvein not darker than the adjacent veins, R,.;
almost straight; halteres yellow; length, 2.5 mm. Washington
D.C. Coquillett, loc. cit.; New Jersey, (Johnson).

3. Orthocladius frigidus Zetterstedt
1838 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.812, 14
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3516, 33
1872 Chironomus Holmer. Ofy. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. 29:105
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.20
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.279, 61
1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:218

Male and female. Black, subopaque, dorsum of the thorax in
the male with a testaceous margin; in the female testaceous with
three separated ‘black stripes; the wings cinereous hyaline; the
antennae and the legs fuscous. Length 3 mm.

Black, somewhat opaque, and but slightly pubescent. The an-
tennal hairs of the male fuscous black. The thorax pale fuscous
underneath, the dorsum with three stripes; these in the male are
dilated and confluent, in the female separated, black in color, as ¢
is also the metathorax; scutellum yellow. Abdomen of the male
narrow, of the female more robust; in both sexes it is black, some-
what hairy; the last three segments with pale apical margins.
Wings subhyaline, spotless, the crossvein and the radius subfus-
cous. Halteres white. The legs wholly fuscous’ black, tibiae and
tarsi slightly paler; somewhat pubescent; fore metatarsus about
one fourth shorter than its tibia; fore tarsi bare. Greenland
(Staeger, Holmgren and Lundbeck).

According to Lundbeck (1898, p.280) the species which Staeger
(1845, p.354) mentions is not O. frigidus but O. pubi- |
tarsis Zett.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 269

4, Orthocladius (%) oceanicus Packard

1869 Chironomus Packard. Proc. and Commun. Hssex Inst. 6:42
1878 .Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. p.21

Larva. It is pale whitish in color, the thoracic rings being
tinged on their harder parts with green. It is .22 to .25 of an
inch in length. The labium is somewhat triangular and multiden-
tate on the anterior side. This larvae differs from fresh-water
larvae of the same genus from Lake Champlain in not having the
three-jointed filamentous appendages inserted just above the anal
legs. The pair of anal legs is well-developed, and terminates in
a single crown of hooks, which can be retracted entirely out of
sight. In the fore legs the hooks are much more numerous and
arranged in longitudinal rows, about twenty-five in number; those
on the upper side of the tip being much ‘the largest, those at the
base being minute (p1.34, figs. 17, 18, 19).

- Pupa. There are no thoracic filaments, nor is the abdomen
terminated with hairs, but the genital armor is well-developed.

Imago, male. The antennae of the male are about as long as the
thorax, arising from a knob-like basal joint; the joints are of even
length, and from each one arises long delicate hairs, which in our
specimens were somewhat appressed to the antennae. But we
think it was due to the immaturity of the specimens, and that the
hairs stand out as usual in the genus. The lingua is short; palpi
well-developed, incurved; eyes large globose, prominent, black.
The body is throughout pale testaceous; on the anterior half of
the thorax is an oblong light brown spot and an irregular oval
spot on each side of the posterior half of the thorax, extending
to a point opposite the insertion of the wing. On the under side
of the mesothorax is a broad, flattened, corneous area, the fore
legs being widely separated from the two posterior pairs. The
sides of the thorax are pale with a few dusky spots. The legs
are long and very slender, the middle and hind tibiae and
tarsi dusky. The wings are white, reaching when folded to the
end of the third segment from the end of the body. The abdomen
is dusky brown, paler at the tip, with a dusky spot on each side
of the last two segments; on the under side is a faint greenish
tinge. The tip is flattened, the anal forceps are large with the tip
_bent in, forming a V, and meeting on the median line of the body.
Compared with what is evidently a true Chironomus from
Labrador, and other species living in Massachusetts, the thorax
of the present species is longer and less globular, the meso-
sternum presents a longer area, and the antennae are longer and
slenderer. The wings are unspotted; there is no transverse costal
veinlet at the base of the wing; the costal vein terminates beyond

270 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the middle of the wing, and the first subcostal veinlet terminates
on the outer third of the wing, differing in these characteristics
from the more typical Chironomi. The abdominal hairs are
also shorter. : Te

Female. The female has short 7-jointed antennae, of which the
terminal joint is nearly twice'as long as the one next to it; they
are Slightly hairy. The female of our species differs from the
other true Chironomi in the shorter and stouter antennae
and shorter and smaller palpi. The eyes are much as usual, as is
the size of the head in proportion to the thorax. Our female
specimen was too incomplete for further description.

The larvae were dredged from Salem harbor. Packard, loc. cit.

The terminology of the wing veins given above is as was given
by the author, and therefore does not conform to that used in the
other descriptions.

5. Orthocladius flavus n. sp.

Larva. (P1.24, figs.11 to 17) Yellowish; head yellowish brown;
length about 10 mm. Head short, extreme apical margin of
labium and posterior margin of head black. Antennae yellow,
moderately long, about one fourth or one third the length of the
head, slender; apical joints very short and slender (fig.12a)._
Labrum flap-like, with rounded margin and having a pair of
widely separated short yellow setae, the lateral margin fringed.
Its under surface (and epipharynx?) differs considerably from
the usual type, consisting here of slender caudad projecting lobes
and the usual pair of lateral arms with black apices (fig.14). The
mandibles (fig.12 md) are yellow, slender, pointed, and only the
tip and the teeth black. The inner membranous part has several
setae on its cephalic margin. The maxillae (fig.12 mx) are yellow,
broad, flattened, each with a short palpus and a number of
papillae. At the basal articulation are two branched setae. The
hypopharynx (fig.11) is horseshoe-shaped, with papillae on its free
margin. The labium (fig.12 1) has several moderately long lateral
teeth, several blunt short teeth nearer the central line, and two
small sharp ones at the apex. The anterior feet are very short,
the yellowish brown claws simple and quite numerous. The body
is yellow, moderately stout, with a very few scattered, small,
slender setae. Posterior feet are rather short, about as long
as the last body segment, claws nearly black, each with two
teeth; the outer one slender, curved, the inner one straight,
stout, and about one third as long as the outer one, each foot
with 16 to 20 claws. The four anal blood gills are as long as
the feet, blunt, and white in color. The two dorsal papillae are

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 271

dark brown on the under surface and pale above, but little longer
than wide, each with 7 or 8 long brown setae at apex.

The larva constructs an oval case (fig.17), about 16 mm. in
length, the thick outer coat of which is gelatinous, transparent ;
the inner tube in which the larva lives is dark brownish green,
owing to the material (Spirogyra, etc.) of which it is constructed.
When it ig disturbed the larva escapes from a hole at the end of
the tube. Normally it keeps up a water circulation through the
tube by the undulating motion of its body.

Pupa. The pupa resembles very much that of Thalas-
somyia fusca. Itis dusky yellowish brown in color, the ven-
tral surface somewhat lighter. The respiratory organs are
slender, about one fifth as long as the thorax, the surface covered
with distad projecting scales (fig.18).. Upon the dorsal surface
of the thorax are several pairs of short black setae. The dorsal
surface of all abdominal segments is finely sprinkled with very
minute, short, dark setae; the armature of the posterior margin
of the seventh segment is shown in fig.15; the margins of the
other segments resemble this arrangement, but the spines become
gradually shorter cephalad so that on the first segment the spines
are replaced by short tubercles. The anal fin is broad and some-
what rounded at the apex, with two pale slender setae near the
apex, and with a margin of moderately long, pale, matted hairs
(fig.16).

Imago, female. Yellow; antennae, palpi, metathorax, and legs
excepting femora, black. Length 3.5 to 4 mm.

Head_and proboscis yellow, the latter with black tip; occiput
slightly infuscated, palpi deep brown, the basal joint and basal
one half of second joint of antenna yellow, the remaining joints
deep brown. Thorax deep yellow, with three deep brown lines, the
middle one divided by a yellow hair line, a dark brown spot in
front of base of wing; pleura and scutellum yellow, pectus and
metanotum black. Upon the yellow field of the dorsum and
upon the scutellum are several irregular rows of short black hairs.
Abdomen pale yellowish brown, disk of each segment a little
darker, the posterior margin dorsally with a narrow, ventrally
_ with a wider, yellow fascia. Hairs black. Genitalia yellow and
‘inconspicuous. Fore pair of coxae yellow, middle and hind pair
fuscous; all legs black; flexor surface of all femora, except ex-
treme tip, yellow. The extreme basal portion of extensor surface
of all femora also yellow. Legs microscopically hairy, fore tibiae
with one, and middle and hind tibiae each with two small black
spurs; pulvilli and empodium present; fore metatarsus about 0.6
as long as its tibia. The hyaline wings are broad and long, extend-
ing beyond the tip of the abdomen, the veins distinct, the anterior

bf NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ones yellow, the posterior ones hyaline. Venation as shown in
pl.30, fig.6. Halteres cream white; peduncle slightly darker.
One specimen bred from larva taken from pond water July 2,
Ithaca N.Y.

6. Orthocladius sordens n. sp.

(P1.30, fig.5)

Female. Yellow; face, proboscis, palpi and antennae yellowish,
the palpi and the antennae, except the basal joints, somewhat in-
fuscated. Vertex brownish yellow. Thorax yellow with its three
dorsal stripes, metathorax and the sternum reddish. Abdomen
yellow, sometimes somewhat infuscated. Fore metatarsus. about
one third shorter than its tibia; legs yellow, tibiae and tarsi some-
what infuscated. Wings hyaline, anterior veins yellow, posterior
one colorless; cubitus forks distad of the crossvein; crossvein at
basal third of wing; venation as figured. Halteres yellow. Length
3 to1lmm. Several specimens, Ithaca N. Y. Two mutilated speci-
mens from South Dakota may also belong here.

7. Orthocladius sordidellus Zetterstedt
18388 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.814, 26
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3521, 38
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:609
1874 Orthocladius V.d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17:183
1877 Orthocladius V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.280, 6
18389 Chironomus variabilis Staeger. Kroédjer: Naturh. Tids.
2:571, 44
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3519, 36
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. p.21
1898 Chironomus lLundb. Vidensk. Meddel. ‘p.280, 63
1839 Chironomus varians Staeger. Kroéjer’s Tids. 2:573, 47
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3546, 71

Larva. (P1.25, figs. 12 to 15.) Yellowish green; head short,
brown, with a number of delicate dorsal setae. Each eye consists
of two nearly contiguous spots. Antennae (fig.13) short, about
three fifths the length of the mandibles, brown in color with apex
of each joint paler. Labrum blunt at apex, with a few short mar-
ginal papillae and apical setae (fig.12) ; epipharynx with the usual
lateral arms, but the curved setae are very much reduced and
modified. Mandibles stout, apical one half, sometimes wholly,
black or dark brown, with a long, slender, lateral seta (fig.14 md).
The maxilla (fig.14 mx) has a short palpus, some papillae, and a
mesad-projecting tuft of pointed filaments; upon its ventral sur-
face a pair of setae, and another larger pair upon the anterior
margin of the ventral head sclerite below the base of the maxilla.
The hypopharynx has three tufts of papillae upon its margin, one

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK VAG

median and the others lateral. The labium has rounded teeth, the
first laterals as long as but not as wide as the middle one; the
remaining laterals are more pointed. Viewed from the ventral
- surface two oblique folds or thickenings in the chitin, one on each
side nearly parallel to the toothed margin, may be seen. The
claws of the anterior prolegs are coarse and pectinate. The anal
prolegs and appendages resemble those shown on pl.25, fig.6. The
larvae were taken from a brook near Ithaca N. Y.

Pupa. Yellowish; length 3 to 3.5 mm. Respiratory organs very
small. The marking on the dorsum of the abdominal segments (a
side view of one is shown in fig.15) consists of four transverse rows
on each of segments 2, 3, 4, and 5; and two rows on 1, 6, 7, and 8.
The first transverse row on a segment consists of about two or
three rows of extremely minute spines; the second an interrupted
double row of short but stout spines; the third an irregular triple
row near the posterior margin; all these pointing caudad; and
finally in the fold of the incisure there is an irregular triple row
of much smaller ones pointing cephalad. The second and last rows
are wanting on segments 1, 6, 7, and 8. The caudal appendages
are like those shown on pl.24, fig.8, for a species of Crico-
topus. Larva and pupa have recently been described by Taylor
(1903).

Imago. (P1.30, fig.7) This species resembles Chironomus
viridis, but differs in the generic characters. Dorsum of thorax
with three dark brown stripes; the metathorax and sternum
black ; scutellum yellow ; the abdomen brownish, the forceps small,
the arms rather thick. Antennae, including the basal joints,
brown; the hairs pale brownish; palpi brownish red. Legs pale
yellow ; the extreme tips of the tibiae black; the tarsi dusky; fore
metatarsus one third or one fourth shorter than its tibia. Wings
whitish. Halteres yellow. Length 2.75 to4 mm. Greenland, New
York, Washington, Texas, Illinois.

Zetterstedt’s description of variabilis, which is considered
a Synonym of the above, is as follows:

Male. Antennae with dark hairs. Head blackish; palpi fus-
cous. Thorax subopaque, yellow or testaceous, with three black or
brown stripes, often distinct, sometimes very wide subconfluent,
covering nearly the whole of the dorsum, leaving the humeri pale.
Sternum blackish; scutellum more or less yellow; metathorax
black. Abdomen narrow, hairy, black, the venter yellowish: or
testaceous, after death often blackish. The caudal end black, the
appendages leaf-like or narrow ovate. Wings white or cinereous
hyaline, spotless; halteres pale yellow. Legs nearly bare, brown,
fuscous or testaceous, the femur toward the tip often darker, the
fore coxae yellow, the tarsi often fuscous, especially the fore pair.

274 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The fore metatarsus about one fourth shorter than its tibia, and
about one third longer than the next tarsal joint; tarsi bare.
Length 2.5 to 3 mm.

Female. Differs from the male thus: The base of the antenna
is often yellow, the thoracic stripes are always distinct, the yellow
of the dorsum is usually conspicuous; the abdomen is stouter, less
hairy, venter very often conspicuously yellow; the wings cinereous,
the wing veins near the costal margin subtestaceous, and lastly,
the body is stouter. Length 2 to 2.7 mm.

8. Orthocladius nivoriundus Fitch
1846 Chironomus Fitch. Winter insects of Eastern New York. p.274
1878 Chironomus Osten Sacken. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
1898 Orthocladius Johnson. Cat’l. N. J. Dipt. p.627
I formerly erroneously regarded this species as a synonym of
Diamesa waltlii.

Larva. (P1.24, figs.18 to 24). The larvae were collected from
pond water on March 28 and the flies emerged the following week.
The larva is a pale green, creature, somewhat infuscated on the.
dorsum. Length 6 mm. Head deep brown, short; antennae
(fig.19) short, a little less than three fourths as long as the mandi-
ble, first joint three fifths of total length, apical appendage of the
first joint as long as the second and third joints taken together.
Each eye consists of a pair of spots separated by a fine line.
Labrum with three pairs of moderate size and about three pairs
of small setae on the lower surface; epipharynx with the usual
arms and curved pectinate setae. The mandible is stout, with
black toothed apex; the maxilla (fig.21 mx) has a small palpus,
several plunt setae, some fine hairs and a-bunch of mesad pro-
jecting, delicate, pointed filaments. The free margin of the labium
is provided with black teeth, the middle one broad, with a rounded
margin (fig.21 1). The dark thoracic prolegs have the usual -
slender hairs, but these are apparently either bifid or pectinate.
The anal prolegs have sharp bilobed claws. The papillae of the
anal hair.tufts are short and dark brown in color. Caudad of
these is a pair of prominent setae and on the ventral surface
cephalad of the anal prolegs is another pair. The anal prolegs
are of the usual form. ‘The anal blood gills are present.

Pupa. Black or deep fuscous; abdomen paler. Length about
4mm. The thoracic spiracles are slender, tubular, with a rough- —
ened surface (fig.283); length perhaps a little less than an ab-
dominal segment. The dorsum of each segment, excepting the
seventh and eighth, is nearly wholly covered with very short,
microscopic spines, besides about four pairs of longer black setae
as shown in fig. 22. Sometimes those near the caudal margin

MAY FLIES AND MIDGHS OF NEW YORK 275

are wanting, or replaced by others nearer the anterior pair. The
lateral fins of the seventh and eighth segments have four or five
pale, slender filaments; the caudal appendage is fringed with
slender hairs, and there are three stout setae at each angle of the
apex.

Imago, female. (P1.30, fig.8) Grayish black. Length .2.5 to
3 mm. Wholly grayish or brownish black, including head with
all its parts, thorax and abdomen. Legs pale brown; fore legs
nearly wholly bare, middle and hind ones sparsely haired. Fore
metatarsus about 0.6 as long as its tibia. Wings slightly smoky
hyaline, anterior veins brown, posterior veins hyaline. Venation
as Shown in figure. Halteres dull black.

Male. Wholly black, very slightly shining. Thorax with a
suggestion of three black dorsal stripes; the other parts dull.
Abdomen with dark brown hairs. Antennal hairs, black. Legs,
dark brown, or almost black, fore tarsi nearly bare. Anal angle
of wing prominent; anterior veins brown, wings slighty cinereous.
Genitalia black. Length 3.5 mm. In other respects like the
female.

This species differs from stercorarius in having smoky
wings in both sexes, abdomen of female darker, and in having an
aquatic larva. Ithaca N. Y. The following is a copy of Fitch’s
description.

Black; poisers obscure brown; wings pellucid-cinereous, their
anterior nervures blackish. Length about .15 inch to the tip of
the abdomen in the male—females one third shorter.

This species is black throughout, and clothed with fine black
hairs. The thorax has three slightly elevated longitudinal ridges
immediately forward of the scutel. The wings, when the insect
is at rest, are held against the sides of the abdomen, often verti-
cally in the males, but more commonly in the females with their
inner margins in contact, thus forming a steep roof ¢overing the
back. They are diaphanous, of a cinereous tinge, and feebly irri-
descent. Their inner margins toward their bases are slightly arcu-
ated. The submarginal or postcostal nervures—those which
bound the closed basillary cell, and which proceed from this cell
to the margin—are particularly obvious, being of a blackish color,
excepting the nerve which proceeds from the inner angle of this
cell to the apex of the wing, which, with the nervures inside of it,
scarcely differ in color from the surface which they ramify. The
poisers are obscure-brownish, truncated at their apices, the capitu-
lum being in the form of a reversed triangle. The abdomen in
the female is shorter than the wings, somewhat compressed, ap- -
proaching to an ovate form when viewed laterally, with the venter

276 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

often of a dull brownish tinge; in the males it projects beyond
the tips of the wings, is slender, cylindrical, or very slightly
tapered towards the tip, with some of the. terminal segments sep-
arated by a strong contraction.

This is a very common species, appearing upon the snow in the
winter season, and upon fences, windows, etc., in the fore part
of spring, the males and females being about equally numerous.
The beautiful plumose antennae of the former distinguish them
at a glance from all other insects abroad at this season. At times
they may be met with in immense swarms.

Some specimens of larvae and adults from Gallinas river, Las
Vegas N. M. (altitude 6400 feet), do not appear to differ excepting
in being a little larger; the genitalia of the male resembles that
of Diamesa waltlii. It is possible that on examination of
more material the New Mexican form may prove to be a distinct

species.
9. Orthocladius stercorarius Degeer

1776 Tipula Deg. Mem. pour serv. a Vhist. d. Ins. 6:388, 22
1818 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:46, 57

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3571, 97

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:612

1872 Chironomus Holmer. Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Férh. p.105
1874 Orthocladius V.d. Wulp. Tijds. v. Ent. . 17:133

1877 Orthocladius V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.279, 2

1878 Chironomus Osten Sacken. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.277, 58

1804 Chironomus chiopterus Meig. Klass. 1:17, 18

Wholly dull black; the antennae blackish brown, the hairs
scarcely lighter. Forceps of the male black. Legs blackish
brown, pitchy, or occasionally still paler; the fore legs bare; the
fore metatarsus only one half as long as its tibia. Wings milky
white. The halteres black or brown. The female has somewhat
darker wing and lighter abdomen. Length 1.5 to 2.75 mm.
Greenland. Holmgren and Lundbeck.

10. Orthocladius atomarius Zetterstedt

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3522, 40

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:609

1884 Orthocladius Mik. Wien. Ent. Zeitg. 3:202
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.283, 68

Resembles O. sordidellus, but is much smaller and the
structure of the tarsi is different. Thorax brown, subshining,
the dorsum usually yellowish, light brown or testaceous, with
three nearly confluent dark stripes; metathorax black. Abdomen

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK att

brown, venter lighter, genitalia small. Antennae and its hairs
brown. Legs yellow or sordidly white, nearly bare; fore metatar-
sus only one half as long as its tibia; bare. Wings whitish,
immaculate. Halteres white. Length 1 to 138 mm. Schiner,
loc. cit. Greenland, Lundbeck. Ithaca, N. Y.

11. Orthocladius difficilis Lundbeck

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.282, 67
1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Catl. Dipt. 1:217

Male. Thorax yellow or reddish yellow, with three dark brown
stripes, the median posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly abbre-
viated. Scutellum yellow, the metathorax brown, the pleura
yellow, the sternum brown; abdomen fuscous black, yellow pilose,
the base and the venter yellow. The antennae brown; the palpi
sordidly yellow. Legs yellow; the tip of each of the tibiae black-
ish brown. Halteres yellow; wings almost hyaline, the anal lobe
produced, right angled, rounded at the apex; the veins pale and
thin, a little stronger and darker at the costal margin. R,+;
straight, and enters the margin of the wing a little distad of the
Cu,; the costa is not produced beyond the tip of the wing, the
media is straight and enters the tip of the wing, the fork of the
cubitus lies below the base of R,+;, its upper branch is a little
longer than the main trunk, the lower branch is lightly curved
at the tip. The middle and hind pairs of legs are hairy or pilose,
the fore metatarsus is a little shorter than the tibia.

Female. Is a little smaller than the male, and the base of the
abdomen is but little or not at all yellow; in other respects like
the male. Length of male and female 2 to 2.25 mm. Greenland,
Lundbeck.

12. Orthocladius absurdus n. sp.

(P1.30, fig.9; pl1.31, fig.8; pl.33, fig.7)

Female. Yellowish brown, including the legs. Genitalia with
peculiar clasper-like egg guides. Length 3 mm. Head yellowish
brown, including proboscis, palpi and antennae, the basal joint
of the last yellow; first joint disk-like, the incisure between the
second and third not sharply marked, the seventh elongate (p1.31,
fig.8). Thorax, including scutellum, pale yellowish brown; the
three dorsal stripes, the metanotum, a spot on the pleura and
the pectus darker brown. Abdomen yellowish with a greenish
tinge, the dorsum of each segment brownish, except on both
sides of each incisure narrowly pale yellow. Hairs pale and
sparse. Genitalia with the usual lobes of the female, but in
addition a pair of slender arms each with six or seven long setae
at the extremity (pl.33, fig.7). Legs uniformly yellowish brown;

278 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

fore metatarsus about 0.6 as long as its tibia. Wings hyaline,
veins yellow, rather distinct, the anterior veins quite stout (pl.30,
fig.9). Halteres pale. One specimen, Ithaca N. Y.

At first I considered this specimen the male of a new genus
owing to the peculiar clasper-like appendages of the extremity
of the abdomen; but the robust form of the abdomen, the form
of the genital lobes, and the antennae, lead me to believe that
the specimen is a female.

13. Orthocladius claripennis Lundbeck

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.281, 66
1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:217 .

Resembles O. minutus Zett., but its smaller size, the
position of the fork of the cubitus, and the shortness of R,, dis-
tinguishes it. |

Male. Thorax fuscous black, with three indistinct black stripes
(at least in dried specimens) ; scutellum brown. Abdomen more
or less pale fuscous, with yellow pile. The antennae reddish
brown; the palpi yellow. Legs slender, yellow, the tibiae black-
ish brown at the tip. The halteres white; the wings hyaline and
the anal lobe moderately produced, obtuse-angled, the veins slen-
der and pale; R,,; is short, and enters the margin of the wing
far proximad of the tip of Cu,; the media is almost straight,
and runs into the tip of the wing; the fork of the cubitus is a
little distad of the base of R,.,, its lower branch is almost
straight, only at the tip is it curved. The middle and hind legs
are pilose; the fore metatarsus is a little shorter than its tibia.

Female. Is shorter and paler than the male, thorax yellow,
with three brown stripes, the middle one posteriorly, the two
lateral ones anteriorly abbreviated, and the scutellum is yellow;
in other respects like the male. Length, male and female, 1.25
to2mm. Greenland. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

14. Orthocladius minutus Zetterstedt

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3522, 39

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:609

1884 Orthocladius Mik. Wien. Ent. Zeitg. 3:202

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.281, 65

1898 Orthocladius var. plasensis Strobl. Glasnik Zem. Mus.
Bosni i Hercegov. 10:613

Black, or blackish brown, somewhat shining, the last abdomi-
nal segment wider than the one preceding it; the forceps small.
The antennae, including its hairs, brown. Legs yellowish brown,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 279

the femora somewhat darker; the fore tarsi of the male bare or
nearly so, fore metatarsus somewhat shorter than the tibia, the
hind tibiae and tarsi thickly haired; wings whitish, spotless.
Halteres white. The female has a light spot on each humerus,
and the posterior legs have fewer hairs. Length 1 to 1.5 mm.
Greenland. Lundbeck.

15. Orthocladius fugax n. sp.

Larva. In little rolls or tubes of debris upon the flat rock
bottom of Cascadilla creek (Ithaca N. Y.) little bluish green
larvae with dark brown heads were found. These larvae are
rather more robust than those of many Chironomids, the
middle body segments being fully. as wide as they are long. The
total length of a full-grown larva is from 3 to4 mm. Head dark
brown, short, with the suture separating the dorsal from the
lateral sclerites quite distinct, the dorsal sclerite being elongate-
oval, acute-angled at its caudal margin, with three setae upon
each lateral margin, the most posterior of these being cephalad
of the middle transverse line; opposite this last seta near the
suture but upon the lateral sclerite is another seta a little caudad
of this, also near the suture there is still another, and on each
side near the ventral surface, directly ventrad of the paired eye
spot, there is a pair. The pale brown antennae (p1.25, fig.da) are
short, only about one half as long as the mandibles. The latter
is stout, its apical half blackened, and with a stout seta on its
side. The labrum (fig.3) has a somewhat blunt apex with a
few small setae; the epipharynx has the usual pair of arms the
ends of which are not conspicuously darkened. The maxilla
(fig.2 mx) has a short palpus and a few papillae and a group of
mesad projecting filaments. The labium is brown, has a deep
margin of black, the middle tooth is rounded, the first lateral has
a more or less distinct notch on its lateral edge, the remaining
laterals have rounded tips (fig.21). Hach anterior proleg is pro-
vided with perhaps about 50 long and rather coarse pectinate
setae (fig.5) and many shorter ones. The posterior legs are each
provided with a number of claws, those on the periphery as
Shown on pl.25, fig.9, those in the middle of the foot as shown in
fig.8. The papillae upon which the caudal setae are placed are
short and pale in color. The anal blood gills are rather long and
prominent (p1.25, fig.6). The diameter of the anterior abdominal
segments is considerably greater than that of the posterior.

Pupa. Dark fuscous green. Length 2.5 to3 mm. Respiratory
organ slender, broadened toward the apex, its surface roughened
(pl.25, fig.4); its length a little greater than the setae at the

280 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

caudal end. A side view of the markings of the second, third
and fourth segments is shown on pl.25, fig.7; a dorsal view is given
in fig.11. On the sixth, seventh and eighth segments the markings
are less conspicuous. The microscopic spines, though short, are
rather coarser than in allied species. Besides these spines there
is usually on each segment a pair of small setae. The caudal

appendage consists of the usual genital sacks and six setae, three
on each side of the apex.

Imago. (P1.30, fig.10.) Greenish black; thorax brown; length
2 to 2.5 mm.

Male. Eyes hairy; head deep brown, face between the bases of
the antennae yellowish; proboscis, palpi and antennae pale fus-_
cous, the basal joint of the last deep brown; antennal hairs
brownish. Palpus with the first joint about as long as broad,
second and third about twice as long as broad, fourth about 1.5
times aS long as the second. Dorsum of the thorax and the
scutellum dusky greenish yellow, the three stripes of the former
and the metathorax deep brown. The pleura and the sternum are
somewhat paler in color. Sometimes the scutellum and the space
between the dorsal thoracic stripes are pale brown. The dorsal
surface of the abdomen is velvet black with a slightly greenish
tinge, the first segment wholly and the ventral surface of most
of the succeeding segments green, posterior margins of each seg-
ment subshining black; the venter of the apical segments blackish.
Genitalia pure white, similar to that of Cricotopus shown
on pl.24, fig.10. Upon both the dorsal and ventral surface of each
abdominal segment there are two irregular transverse rows of
black setae, most numerous on the seventh and eighth segments.
These are best seen in a balsam mount. Legs, including coxae,
sordidly yellow, the knees sometimes widely, and tips of tibiae
slightly darkened, moderately hairy; apex of fore tibiae each
with one, middle with two short equal spurs; the posterior tibiae
each with one long curved spur, one short one, and a row of
slender apical setae. The empodium, at least of the hind feet, is
curved and pectinate. The wings are hyaline, the veins distinct,
pale fuscous, crossvein not clouded; costa with black setae; vena-
tion as figured. Halteres pale. 3

Female. Like the male, differing only in sexual characters; i. e.
the more robust abdomen, form of genitalia etc. In both sexes
the fore metatarsus is about 0.6 as long as its tibia. The green
of the first abdominal segment is not always distinctly visible.

Var. a. Wike the foregoing, but with the abdomen, usually in-
cluding the venter dull fuscous or brown. Numerous specimens.
Ithaca N.Y., Chicago Il.

‘MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 281

16. Orthocladius pubitarsis Zetterstedt

1838 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.811, 11

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3514, 30

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.280, 62

1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Cat’. Dipt. 1:221

184 Chironomus frigidus Staeger (nee Zett.). Krojer: Naturh.

Tids. 1:351, 4
Blackish, subopaque, dorsum of ete with three black stripes ;

antennae dark, wings white, legs fuscous testaceous, the fore
metatarsus nearly as long as its tibia, fore tarsi of the male dis-
tinctly pilose; genitalia small, the appendages somewhat leaf-

like. Length of the male 3.5 mm.; of the female 3 mm.

Male and female. The fore metatarsus nearly as long as the
tibia, male genitalia subovate, and the densely pilose fore tarsi in
the male distinguishes this species.

The head, antennae, and palpi blackish. The iene blackish,
or dull cinereous, subopaque, with black stripes. Scutellum and
metathorax blackish. Abdomen of the male slender, linear, sub-
opaque, black, fuscous pilose, the incisures narrowly whitish, sub-
shining, the anal appendage short, subovate, black; of the female
stouter, blackish, pubescent. Legs of the male fuscous testaceous,
the middle and hind legs pubescent; the fore femora and tibiae
bare, fore tarsi distinctly and densely pilose; in the female paler,
the articulations narrowly blackish. The fore metatarsus nearly
as long as the tibia, the second tarsal joint about one half as
long. Halteres pale. Zetterstedt, loc. cit. Greenland, Lundbeck.

17. Orthocladius obumbratus n. sp.
(P1.30, fig.11)

Male. Grayish black. Face yellowish, eye margin, occiput,
antennae excepting the second joint, black; antennal hairs brown-
ish or blackish, proboscis and palpi fuscous. Thorax opaque,
grayish pruinose, the humeri and the anterior margin sometimes
indistinctly yellowish, scutellum brown or yellowish brown. Ab-
domen fuscous with fuscous hairs, genitalia small. Legs fuscous,
or subfuscous, middle and hind legs hairy; the trochanters and
extreme bases ‘of femora yellow; fore metatarisus about two thirds
as long as its tibia. Wings whitish hyaline, anterior veins pale
yellowish, posterior veins colorless, crossvein not clouded; R,,,
almost straight beyond its middle, bowing only a very little
toward the costa; venation as figured. Halteres pale yellow.

Female. Somewhat paler than the male; the dorsum of the
thorax has three wide blackish stripes, the space between them

282 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

and the humeri yellowish. Abdomen blackish or brownish, venter
sometimes yellowish. Wings darker than those of the male, the
anterior veins dark, R,,, slightly bowed toward the costa beyond
its middle. In other respects like the male. Length, male and
female, 2.5 to 3 mm.

In ee specimens the legs and particularly the femora
are pale. The paler female specimens resemble pubitarsis ;
the male differs in having no pale margins on the posterior ab-
dominal segments.

Numerous specimens, Ithaca N. Y. Douglass, Alaska.

18. Orthocladius basalis Staeger

1845 Chironomus Staeger. Krojer: Naturh. Tids. n. s. 1:3851, 6

1872 Chironomus Holmgr.. Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Férh. 29:105

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N: A. p.20.

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.279, 60

1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:216

1869 Chironomus pavidus Holmgr. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl.
8:5, 42

The following is Holmgren’s description of pavidus:

Male. Antennae a little shorter than the thorax, with fuscous
black hairs; the joints somewhat separated. Thorax smooth and
wholly shining, excepting the scutellum and metanotum; meso-
thorax with three stripes, the middle one produced anteriorly, and
depressed posteriorly in front of the scutellum, with three short
projecting points; scutellum obtuse, elevated and pilose. Ab-
domen black, subopaque, pale haired, the first segment wholly, the
posterior margins of the others shining. Wings narrow, cinereous
white or slightly smoky, darker along the costa; crossvein
straight; subcosta slightly curved, extending to about the middle
of the wing, with two distinctly spurious veins (folds?) ; fork of
the cubitus but little distad of the crossvein. Halteres white or
yellowish. Legs black fuscous, the middle of tibiae or before the
base very frequently paler; the middle and hind legs sparsely
haired; the fore tibiae and tarsi very short haired; fore meta-
tarsus about one third shorter than the tibia. Length 3 mm.

Staeger’s description of basalis is as follows:

Female. Head black, front shining. Thorax with humeri and
pleura in front of base of wings yellowish, the dorsum with three
confluent black stripes; the sternum grayish black. The coxae™
shining black. Abdomen velvet black, the first two segments
yellowish brown (in fresh specimens perhaps pure yellow), and
the posterior margins of the following segments shining black.
The wings are somewhat darkened; the anterior veins and the
crossveins are dark brown and prominent, the other veins are

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 283

indistinct; the subcostal vein ends proximad of the fork of the
eubitus. The color of the legs is pitchy brown, the base of the
fore femora and the middle of the hind tibiae are somewhat yel-
lowish; the fore metatarsus is about one half as long as its tibia,
- the second tarsal joint is one half as long as the first.

Lundbeck (1898) compared Holmgren’s and Staeger’s types and
declared them identical. Greenland, Washington State.

19. Orthocladius barbicornis Linne

1767 Tipula Linne. Syst. Nat. Ed. XII, 2:974, 25

1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.42, 20

1818 Ceratopogon Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:71, 4

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:612

1884 Orthocladius Mik. Wien. Hnt. Zeitg. 3:202

1805 Chironomus obsecurwuws Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.40, 11
1818 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:47, 60

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3568

Male. Black, or deep fuscous. Head including palpi and
antennae black, the hairs of the latter somewhat paler. Thorax
with scutellum and metanotum black. Abdomen slender, black,
hairy, incisures scarcely paler; caudal appendages short oval,
black. Wings white (pale brownish yellow by reflected light),
anterior veins testaceous. Halteres blackish. Legs black or
pitchy, occasionally paler, uniformly and distinctly hairy; fore
femora and tibiae with long, the tarsi with short hairs. Fore
metatarsus one fourth to one third shorter than its tibia; the
other joints gradually diminishing in length. Length 4 mm.
(Zetterstedt in part.)

Female. Thorax anteriorly with yellowish or yellowish brown
spots, representing the remains of a pale ground color; the
halteres are paler; the wings darker. (Schiner.)

Some specimens from St. Paul Minn., and from Washington
State do not differ from my European specimens.

20. Orthocladius clepsydrus Coquillett
1902 Orthocladius Cog. U.S. Nat. Museum Proc. 25:92

Female. Black, the extreme bases of femora and of front tibiae,
also the other tibiae except their apices, whitish; mesonotum
polished, scutellum and dorsum of abdomen opaque, velvet-like ;
wings hyaline, each marked with an hourglass-shaped black spot
extending from one fourth length of wing almost to apex of upper
branch of fifth vein (Cu,), the constricted portion lying above
the forking of the fifth vein (cubitus), the basal expanded portion
reaching from fourth vein (media) nearly to hind margin of wing,
the apical extending from third vein (R,,,) almost to hind margin

284 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of wing; legs only pubescent, first joint of front tarsi about half
as long as the tibiae, fourth tarsal joint rather slender and almost
as long as the fifth; length1.5 mm. Las Vegas Hot Springs, New
Mexico. (Coquillett, loc. cit.)

Genus 42. Tanytarsus Van der Wulp
Tijdschr. v. Entomol. XVI (LXX) and XVII, 134

Larva. Small species resembling Chironomus, occasion-
ally red in color, though more often yellowish. Distinguished
from allied genera by their long antennae with elongated apical
joints, and the frontal ‘protuberances upon which the antennae
are mounted. The epipharynx and its appendages resembles that
of Chironomus (plL25, fig.16, and pl.26, fig.14) ; the maxilla
has upon its inner angle one or more spine-like blades which pro-
ject mesad and cephalad (p1.26, fig.12 mx) ; the thoracic segments
frequently have a few short setae. The ventral surface of the
eleventh abdominal segment apparently lacks blood gills.

Pupa. ‘The thorax has a pair of respiratory organs, each of
which consists of a central shaft with lateral filaments (p1.26,
fig.3). The dorsal surface of the abdominal segments is charac-
teristically marked with hairs and setae (p1.25, figs. 18 and 20, and
pl.26, fig.11). The eighth segment has a comb at the caudal end of
each lateral fin, and the anal segment has a fringe of hairs form-
ing a paddle (pl.26, figs. 6 and 15).

Imago. (P1.30, figs. 14 to 21) Antennae of male 14-jointed,
long plumose; antennae of female 7-jointed, sparsely haired, first
joint in both sexes large and disk-like. Palpi bent, 4-jointed, the
last joint usually a little longer than the preceding. The eyes reni- —
form, ocelli wanting. Thorax highly arched, projecting somewhat
over the head; metanotum arched. Abdomen of the male slender,
the anal segment distinctly separated from the preceding; genitalia
long and slender; abdomen of the female shorter and stouter.
Legs slender, fore tarsi elongated, the fore metatarsus longer than
its tibia; hind legs usually hairy. Wings distinctly hairy; anal
angle small; crossvein upon or even proximad of the mid length
of the wing; R,,, joins the margin at the extremity of the costa;
media simple; the forking of the cubitus is under or just distad of
the crossvein; the lower branch is straight or gently bent down-
wards. Species rather small.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 285

KEY TO SPECIES OF TANYTARSUS
Larvae
a Moderate sized pink or red species, with long filaments at the extremity
of antenna, pl.26, fig.la
b With a hump on dorsal surface of last abdominal segment, most dis-
fuer in fresh specimens, pl.26,. fig.5.0. 5... cee ee wes 5. dives. i. sp.
Seemmettotre, EIS: WIND... ee we eee ee tee ees 3. gmundensis
aa Small yellowish species, antennae without long filaments

b Antennae with two delicate processes with slightly enlarged ends at
extremity of the second joint, pl.26, figs. 138-14; larva usually found

Matis HEEOUS CASe, PILZG, T2906 foe eas os ae eee 13, €X1TguUuUsS D. Sp.

bb Antenna with a pointed process at end of second joint, pl.25, figs.

PREPS ul aie tr cts sia ein) =, ih ices aide Sap suds ois ea ese deisel s 10. dissimilis n.sp.
Pupae

a Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment with a simple terminal spur,
pl.26, fig.15 ; second abdominal segment with two small patches of setae
near the anterior end and a transverse row hear posterior end; pupa
MME OUS CASE, Pl2O, HOO on: Sore wip ieiece's 3 dace 13: 6X be Uw Ws sp:

aa Lateral fin of the eighth segment with a comb
6 Fourth abdominal segment with two patches of short stout setae on
anterior end and a few scattered setae on the surface, pl.26, fig.7
5. dives n.sp.
bb Fourth segment with two longitudinal rows of setae caudad of the
anterior patch
c¢ With a transverse row of stout setae on posterior margin of third

Seomemisy lc te 2): wees See ee ss Ca eae 10° Qs sim 1lis.n: sp.

ce With two patches of setae near posterior margin of the third seg-

UES Wee ENO. ola oe wie ee eee ecb ee ass Var. a. of dissimilis
Imagines

a Thorax uniformly black or brown; thoracic stripes wanting or very
indistinct
b Legs white or pale yellow; wings white; thorax and abdomen subshin-
ing black; male abdominal segments with paler posterior margins;
fore metatarsus about 0.15 longer than its tibia
1. obediens n.ep.
bb Legs dusky yellow, fuscous, or black
ce Halteres black or dusky ; thorax and abdomen subshining black ; fore
metatarsus about 0.16 longer than its tibia
AVRVET UD LLUS! ne Sp:
ce Halteres pale

d KFuscous, including legs; thorax subshining; fore metatarsus over
er Meee WtATe TLS. CLITA" “aries hie hc cul were e aes 3. g~mundensis
dd Smaller dark brown or fuscous green species; fore metatarsus

less than one fourth longer than its tibia
4. deflectus n.sp.

286 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

aa Thorax green or yellow; if darker, then with distinct stripes
b Dark brown or greenish species, thoracic stripes, usually dark

c¢ Brownish species

d Twomm. or less in length; fore metatarsus but little longer than

DES ADUDIAG LS phi oa boa at hig ee nes ee eae eae Sere 4. deflectus n.sp.

dd Three tum. or more in length

e Yellowish brown thorax with brownish stripes; fore metatarsus

1.5 times as Jone ASS. TOE’ sao cterere cee anes orp dere 5. dives

ee Fore metatarsus 1.8 times as long as its tibia......... 6.4 SSp:
cc Greenish species

d Crossvein nearly in the middle of the wing; length 2.5 to 3mm. ;

Gark -SFeEN LSPSClES Aa bc Farhe che tee alee bac ee Oe tei Brew
dd Crossvein noticeably before the middle of the wing
e Fore metatarsus twice as long as its tibia........... 8. pusio

ee Metatarsus of fore legs not twice as long as its tibia
f With dark brown thoracic stripes; length 2 to 3mm.
9. Latigan sii sp
ff With yellowish or brown thoracic stripes; length 1.25 to
BMe(AS ys TaN dd Rae eye: «APA Mra EN ae del Resi 10. dissimilis n.sp.
- bb Yellow species; thoracic stripes when present, pale or reddish
c Testaceous; abdomen brown, segments with slightly paler margins;
, fore metatarsus one fourth longer than its tibia
11. fulvescens n.sgp.
cc With yellowish green, or green abdomen
d Fore metatarsus not more than one half longer than its tibia
e Fore metatarsus one half longer than its tibia; yellowish green

species, more or less dusky......... 10. dissimilis n.sp.
ee Fore metatarsus one third longer than its tibia; paler species;
lene tla 25 toy Stns eee oe oe eae ae 12) MCLG ws, Des

dd Fore metatarsus more than 0.7 longer than its tibia
e Species 2mm. or more in length; fore metatarsus twice as long
BS TES Auona As ee Whe Sane he ila Sa nee See 14. tenuis
ee Species less than 2mm. in length
f Fore metatarsus about three fourths longer than its tibia
13°e XPS ws Ne Sp:
ff Fore metatarsus about 2.5 times as long as its tibia
i 15. f Law. ellis
1. Tanytarsus obediens n. sp.
(P1.30, fig.14)

Male. Subshining black; wings and legs cream white. Head
black, palpi, proboscis and antennae with its hairs fuscous, the
basal joint of the last yellowish. Thorax subshining black, _
humeri sometimes slightly yellowish and dorsum with faint indi-
cations of two narrow cinereous lines, and three lines of yellow
hairs. Abdomen black, the posterior margins of all the segments
white or yellow; hairs yellowish; genitalia elongate, yellow. |
Coxae brown; legs cream white, with white hairs; middle and
hind tibiae each with a minute black comb at the tip; fore tarsi

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 287

very short-haired, fore metatarsus about one sixth longer than
its tibia. Wings cream white, with white veins; venation as fig-
ured. Halteres white.

Female. Like the male but with yellow antennae, and the
abdomen is nearly uniform in color, paler margins at most but
feebly indicated. Length, both sexes, 3.5 to 4.5 mm.

In one male specimen the abdomen is wholly black, and the
basal joint of the antenna brown. This fly greatly resembles the
female of Chironomus nigricans n. sp., from which it
may readily be distinguished by its hairy wings. Numerous speci-
mens; Ithaca N. Y., May, June, July. Washington State.

2. Tanytarsus nigripilus n. sp.

Resembles T. sylvaticus V.d. W., an European species,
but differs in having black halteres.

Male. Black, subshining; length 3.5 to 4 mm. Head black;
palpi, proboscis and antennae also black, the last with blackish
hairs. Thorax wholly subshining black, the dorsum when viewed
obliquely from in front with two more distinctly shining black
stripes. Abdomen black, subshining, incisures faintly cinereous,
hairs black. Claspers slender, brownish. Coxae and legs black,
long-haired, particularly the fore tarsi, which are almost bearded ;
fore metatarsus about one sixth longer than its tibia. Wings
hyaline, slightly brownish tinted, anterior veins brownish, pos-
terior: ones pale; cubitus forks about under the crossvein. Hal-
teres fuscous or black.

Female. Like the male, but the fore tarsi are less hairy and
‘the halteres are paler. Ithaca N. Y., April. Washington State.

3. Tanytarsus gmundensis Egger

18638 Chironomus Egg. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien. 13:1109

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:597, 7

tie a nyotar sus: V; dd. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 1%:1384

isiy Lanytarsus.V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. -p.285
(P1.30, fig.15)

Male. Fuscous. Head, including palpi, proboscis and anten-
nae fuscous, the last with fuscous hairs. Thorax and abdomen
wholly fuscous, the last with yellowish hairs; genitalia brown.
Legs fuscous, trochanters and bases of femora yellow; short-
haired. Fore metatarsus about 1.5 times as long as its tibia.
Wings hyaline, veins near the anterior margin yellowish, and
others paler. Halteres yellow.

Female. Like the male but with broader wings. Length 38 to

4mm. I cannot distinguish the American from my European
specimens. Ithaca N, Y., Chicago Ill., Washington State. April
and October.

288 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

4. Tanytarsus deflectus n. sp.
(P1.80, fig.16)

Female. Brown; abdomen paler. Head, inicluding palpi and
antennae brown, second and third joints of the antenna more
or less coalescent; rostrum with prominent black setae. Thorax
including pleura, pectus, and metanotum, brown; the first with
three darker brown stripes; scutellum a little paler. Dorsum of
thorax with dark setae. Abdomen uniformly yellowish brown,
with black hairs. Legs, including coxae, brownish yellow, the
knees slightly darker; quite hairy; fore metatarsus about one
fifth longer than its tibia. Wings very hairy, anal lobe not
prominent. Halteres white. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.

The respiratory organs of the pupa consist of two slender more
or less cylindrical processes armed with one lateral seta at about
one third from the apex, and with two or three shorter ones on
the apex (pl.22, fig.6). The pupal skin is so mutilated that a
further description cannot be given. Several captured and one
bred specimen. Ithaca N. Y.

5. Tanytarsus dives n. sp.

Larva. The larvae were found in the sand at the bottom of a
pool of water, drainings from a pile of manure. Blood red, with
a greenish tinge on the sides, and a prominent hump on the
anterior part of the dorsum of the last segment (pl.26, fig.5).
Length 6 to 7mm. Head dark, about 114 times as long as wide,
antennae much elongated, about two thirds as long as the head,
or fully as long when they are measured to the tips of the two
long filaments of the second antennal segment (p1l.26, fig.1). The
first joint long and slender, with a slender seta on its side, and
a spur at the tip near the base of the second segment; second ~
segment about three times as long as wide, with two long slender
filaments at the tip near base of third segment. The third and
fourth segments slender, delicate, and inconspicuous; these two
taken together less than the length of the second joint. The
dorsal sclerite of the head not distinctly separated from the
laterals. Upon the dorsal aspect of the head are eight pairs of
rather long setae, arranged as shown in fig.l. Each antenna is
mounted upon a frontal prominence. There are two distinctly
separated eye spots upon each side of the head. The labrum is_
rather more prominent than usual with Chironomus, with
five or six pairs of conspicuous curved subapical setae, a pair of
pectinate hairs, several pairs of smaller setae, and an apical pair
of short, jointed papillae. The epipharynx resembles that of |
Chironomus, with its horseshoe shaped ridges, the curved,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 289
overhanging setae, and the transverse comb, the latter having a
number of uniform rather long, slender, caudad projecting teeth.
Caudad of this are three hand-shaped processes, each with five or
six slender, apical, finger-like projections. The lateral arms are
prominent, and have enlarged, bifid extemities. Each mandible
has a stout subapical and mesad projecting seta, a fringe of sub-
apical hairs, and a slender dorsal, laterad projecting seta (fig.2).
The maxilla (fig.4mx) has a comparatively long palpus (p), a
number of small papillae and setae and some mesad curved spines.
The hypopharynx has the usual fringe of fine hairs and papillae
(fig.4 hy). The labium (1) has about 13 blunt, rounded teeth, the
middle one most prominent.

The anterior prolegs have numerous curved, slender, hair-like
setae. In nearly mature specimens the thorax is somewhat en-
larged. The body has few if any setae. The last segment (fig.5),
has a prominent hump near the anterior margin; the posterior
prolegs are rather prominent, with a small number of stout claws;
each of the dorgo-caudal setae tufts is mounted on a prominence.
The anal gills are four in number and comparatively short, about
twice as long as wide. The larva makes a rough, loose, cylindrical
case which partly conceals it.

Pupa. Length 4 to 5 mm. Dusky, with the thoracic respira-
tory organs each consisting of a single slender shaft, with lateral
hairs (fig.3), about as long as a single abdominal segment. The
dorsal- surface of the abdomen is marked with minute setae,
Spines, and hairs, as shown in fig.7. This figure shows segments
_ two to six inclusive. The dorsum of the second segment is nearly
uniformly covered with fine, very short, miscroscopic spines, four
or five pairs of pale setae and the usual chitinous, longitudinally
ridged, posterior margin; the third has anteriorly two patches
of short black spines, two patches of fine hairs, the rest of its
dorsal surface punctate with minute spines, and five or six pairs
of pale setae; the fourth, fifth and sixth segments each have two
dense patches of short black spines near the anterior margin,
sparsely punctate with minute spines, and provided respectively
- with about eight, seven and five pairs of pale setae. The eighth
Segment (fig.6) has the usual lateral fins, with its filaments, and
has also the combs, each with five or six prominent black teeth.
The caudal fin is fringed with long, pale, matted hairs.

Imago, male. Dusky brown, sometimes blackish, legs yellow-
ish brown; length 3.5 to 4 mm. Head, palpi, proboscis and an-
tennae brown, the hairs of the last also brown. Dorsum of
thorax gray pruinose, with three subshining brown or black
stripes, humeri sometimes a little yellowish. The pleura, sternum
and metanotum subshining black, the last with a narrow longi-

290 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tudinal groove; scutellum sordidly yellow or brownish. Abdomen
subshining, fuscous, the sides and venter a little paler, the last
two or three segments and sometimes the lateral margins of some
of the others black; posterior margins of all the segments slightly
paler than the rest of the surface. Genitalia brownish, conspicu-
ous, with four pairs of appendages, the outer pair elongate (p1.33,
fig.5). All hairs reddish brown. Coxae dark, legs pale brown,
extreme tips of middle and hind tibiae black, fore tarsi moderately
hairy, middle and hind legs with long but delicate pale brown
hairs. Fore metatarsus over 0.4 longer than its tibia. Wings
hyaline, costal margin very slightly yellowish, anterior veins pale
yellowish, hairs dusky (p1.30, fig.17). Halteres pale.

Female. Like the male. but shorter; antennae yellow; wings
more densely hairy, and wider in proportion to its length. Length
of male 4 mm., of female 2.5 mm. Ithaca N.Y.

6. Tanytarsus sp.

Pupa. Respiratory tubes are very delicate and transparent,
each apparently consists of about six long slender filaments re-
sembling those of a Simulium pupa, but they appear to be jointed.
The dorsal markings of each abdominal segment consist of an an-
terior and posterior transverse band of moderately coarse, short
spines, a central area of very minute spines, arranged as shown
on pl.22, fig.13. The lateral fins of the eighth segment terminate
in a Spiny spur as shown on pl.22, fig.17. The caudal fringe is as
usual.

Imago, male. Head yellowish, including proboscis, palpi, and
antennae, the basal joint of the last brown. Thorax reddish
brown; the narrow space between the three wide brown dorsal
stripes and the scutellum yellowish. Abdomen pale brown, venter
more yellowish excepting toward the extremity. Incisures but
little if any paler, genitalia and the abdominal hairs pale. Legs,
including the apical half of the coxae, whitish, the tip of each
middle and hind tibia with a minute black circular comb, one
tooth of which is prolonged into a spur. Fore metatarsus about
one third longer than its tibia. Wings hyaline, with a slight milky
tinge, hairs pale, veins colorless. Halteres pale. Length 3.5 to
4.5 mm.

Female. Like the male but abdomen more brownish. Saranac
Tn N.Y: .

7. Tanytarsus junci Meigen
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:50, 68
1874 Tanytarsus V.d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17:134
1877 Tanytarsus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.287, 9
1898 Chironomus Lundb, Vidensk, Meddel. p.283, 69

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 291

1889 Chironomus vernus Staeger (nec Meig.). Kroéj. Nat. Tids.
2:580, 70

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3579, 108

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:597

Antennae and palpi brown; antennal hairs of the male pale
brown. Thorax dark green, with three broad, black, longitudinal
stripes; the sternum and the metanotum shining black. Abdomen
dark olive green; the anal segments of the male rounded, shorter
and a little broader than the preceding; the claspers as long as
the anal segment, broad in the middle, at the base and at the
exiremity somewhat narrowed; the abdomen of the female is much
darker, almost black. Legs variable, blackish brown to yellowish
brown; the forelegs long and slender, the fore metatarsus almost
twice as long as the tibia (ratio about 4:7); the second tarsal
joint about one half as long as the metatarsus; the following
joints gradually decreasing in length; hairs of the legs dense and
light brown in color. Halteres whitish.- Wings hyaline, appear-
ing grayish owing to its hairs; crossvein a little proximad of the
mid length of the wing; the fork of the cubitus directly below the
erossyein. Male, length 3 to 3.5 mm; female, 2.5 mm. Transla-
tion from V. d. Wulp, loc. cit. Greenland. Lundbeck.

f 8. Tanytarsus pusio Meigen

1830 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 6:256, 117
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:35838, 115
1864 Chironomus? Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:597
1874 Tanytarsus V.d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Entom. 17:134
1877 Tanytarsus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.287, 8

Male. Greenish; thorax with three dark stripes. Head green-
ish, palpi subfuscous, proboscis yellowish; large basal joint of
antenna fuscous, the next few joints yellow, the remaining ones
dark; hairs subfuscous. Thorax green with three dorsal stripes,
the sternum and the metanotum blackish. Abdomen green,
darker toward the caudal end; hairs pale; genitalia prominent,
yellowish. Legs greenish yellow, the tarsi and the fore femora
and tibiae slightly infuscated, middle and hind legs hairy. Fore
metatarsus nearly twice as long as its tibia. Wings hyaline,
hairy, veins pale, crossvein proximad of the mid length of the
wing; fork of cubitus distad of crossvein. Halteres greenish
yellow. Length 2 to 3 mm.

Female. The thoracic stripes reddish or brownish, and the
abdomen paler green, otherwise like the male.

Near the anterior margin of each segment of the abdomen in
some specimens there is a faint indication of a darker fascia,
_ Male and female specimens; Ithaca N, Y, Brookings, S. D,

292 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

9. Tanytarsus fatigans n. sp.
(P1.30, fig.18)

Female. Head greenish; palpi, and antennae except basal joint,
infuscated; proboscis yellow. Thorax greenish, with three dark
subshining, brown or blackish stripes; scutellum and pleura pale
greenish or yellow; metanotum and sternum blackish. Abdomen
grass-green. Legs pale yellowish, slightly infuscated; hairs not
long; fore metatarsus over one third longer than the tibia. Wings
hyaline, sparsely haired, veins yellowish, venation as figured.
Halteres greenish. Length, 2 to 3 mm.

Var. a. One female specimen has darker face, proboscis, and
fuscous legs, otherwise agrees with the above description. Taken
at same time and place. Ithaca N. Y., April.

10. Tanytarsus dissimilis n. sp.
(P1.25, figs. 16 to 21)

Larva. Small, white, with brownish tint; found among the
trash in the bottom of a muddy pond. Length 3to4 mm. Head
pale brown, short, with a few dorsal setae. Eye spots, a pair on
each side, distinctly separated, antennae nearly double the length
of the mandible (fig.17). Labrum with a number of prominent
curved setae, some of them pectinate (fig.16 1); epipharynx nor-
mal (fig.16). Mandible with a subapical and a lateral seta and
a row of fine hairs, overhanging the tip. Maxilla with a short
palpus, some small papillae and several slender, pointed, mesad
projecting lobes (fig.16 mx). The anterior feet are provided with
numerous pale curved setae. Thorax with a few pale and very
inconspicuous setae. Claws of the posterior prolegs few in num-
ber and bilobed. Caudal blood gills four in number and rather
prominent. Caudal setae brown; a single shorter and more
delicate seta is placed upon each pedicel upon its anterior side.

Pupa. Pale yellowish; length about 83mm. Thorax with long,
slender pointed respiratory organs with hairs upon them. Upon
the thorax caudad of the middle are a few rather conspicuous
setae. The second, third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments
are marked as shown on pl.25, fig.20. The second has two gray
triangular pigment spots, their bases near the posterior margin;
a few small setae, and the usual transverse posterior row of longi-
tudinal ridges; the third has a broken transverse posterior row
of long and prominent black setae, besides a few scattered ones;
the fourth has an anterior row which joins the cephalic ends
of the two longitudinal rows of long black setae and an anterior
median patch of short, stout, black spines, besides several scat-
tered setae; the fifth has two contiguous or nearly contiguous
patches near the anterior margin of short stout black spines, and

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 293

a pair of discal setae. The lateral fin of the eighth segment
terminates in a comb with six or seven short black teeth. The
caudal fin is elongate and has the usual fringe of matted hairs.

Imago. Differs from T. exiguus n. sp. in being darker,
in having a shorter metatarsus, and in the form of the male gen-
italia. It is yellowish green, sometimes nearly wholly yellow,
more or less infuscated, with three brown thoracic stripes.

Male. Head yellow, including proboscis, palpi and the large
basal joints of the antennae; the antennae brown, the basal por-
tion of each hair appearing paler; eyes black. Thorax yellow,
slightly infuscated, with a greenish tinge, usually with three more
or less distinct buff or pale brown, sometimes darker, stripes.
Abdomen green, slender, yellow toward tip; genitalia elongate
(pl.33, fig.3), with a dorsal downward curved keel (d), and four
pairs of appendages; an elongated pair of lateral lobes (1), a pair
of inferior lobes (i) with rounded ends, a pair of short, blunt,
superior lobes (s) with much incurved ends, and finally a pair of
brush-like appendages (a) projecting mesad from the side of the
superior lobes. Legs hairy, uniformly light yellow, sometimes
slightly infuscated, tips of middle and hind tibiae each with a pair
of minute black combs with an elongate middle tooth, forming
a spur. Fore metatarsus about one half longer than its tibia.
Wings pale, hairy, the heavier veins close to the anterior margin,
all veins pale yellow. Halteres white. Length 1.75 to 2.25 mm.

Female. Like the female of T. exiguus n. sp. but is con-
siderably darker yellow; the thoracic stripes are brown, meta-
thorax brown, abdomen deeper green, the legs pale grayish yel-
low, sometimes fuscous. In dried specimens all colors appear
rather dusky. Length 1.25 to 1.75 mm. Proportion of metatar-
sus to its tibia like that of the male.

This species was bred a number of times during May, July, and
October from pond water. Ithaca N. Y., Ottawa, Canada (from
Professor Fletcher).

Var.a. lWUarva can not be distinguished from the foregoing; the
pupa differs in having fewer setae upon the dorsum of abdomen.
(See fig.18 for the arrangement of these setae.) This variety has
been bred several times. There seems to be no intermediate stage.
The adults of this variety seem to be a little more dusky than
those of the other.

11. Tanytarsus fulvescens n. gp.
(P1.30, fig.19.)

Male. Testaceous; segments of the abdomen brown with paler
posterior margins. Length 3 mm. Head with palpi, probocis,
and antennae, and its hairs brownish. Dorsum of the thorax,
‘pleura and scutellum testaceous, with cinereous reflections; the

294. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

three dorsal stripes, the sternum and the metanotum brown,
the long hairs in the longitudinal rows and those on the scutel-—
lum brown. Abdomen brown, with blackish hairs, posterior
margins of the segments cinereous white; the -genitalia brown,
the lateral lobes long and stout. Legs yellowish or testaceous,
the tarsi a little darkened, fore legs with short, the middle and
hind legs with long hairs. Fore metatarsus about one fourth
longer than its tibia. ‘Wings hyaline, appearing somewhat dusky
on account of the dark hairs which cover them; veins yellow,
margin deeply fringed, venation as figured. Halteres yellow, the
knob sometimes slightly infuscated. |

Female. Face, basal joints of ‘the antennae and the hairs of
the thorax more yellowish; otherwise like the male. Ithaca N. Y.
July.

12. Tanytarsus muticus n. sp.

(P1.30, fig.20)

Male. Yellowish, with three reddish brown thoracic stripes.
- Head yellowish or greenish, palpi and proboscis yellow; antennae
including the hairs and the basal joint brownish. Dorsum of
the thorax greenish yellow, with three broad reddish brown
stripes, metathorax and sternum brown; scutellum and pleura
yellowish. Abdomen greenish, yellow, somewhat infuscated.
Hairs pale; genitalia yellow im color and elongate. Legs yellow,
somewhat darkened, except the trochanters and bases of femora;
the middle and hind pairs longer haired than the fore pair; fore
metatarsus one third or one fourth longer than its tibia. Wings
hyaline, hairy, veins pale yellow; venation as figured. Halteres
yellow. Length 2.5to3mm. Ithaca N. Y. _

13. Tanytarsus exiguus n. sp.

Larval case. Numerous fibrous, slender, conical cases are found
attached to the rocks in the bottom of shallow brooks in places
where the water flows most swiftly during the summer months.
Hundreds of these cases may be sometimes found upon a single
piece of rock no larger than a man’s hand. The cases are slender,
‘conical, with a basal stem and three, or occasionally four, apical
filaments; the body is about 3.5 to 4 mm. in length. The color is
a pale brown like that of dried grass; the structure is fibrous like
that of a Simulium case. The case is reinforced longitudinally -
by three ribs, the basal prolongations of the filaments ; the stem is
slightly enlarged at the base, by which it is attached to the rocks.
During the early summer most of the cases will be found attached
by the stem alone, but later in the season most of them lie flat on
the rock and are attached along one side like Simulium pupal
cases, Within this case is a small greenish yellow larva, or later,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 295

the tiny pupa. The case is shown on pl.26, fig.9. Ulmer (p.401,
1903) notes a similar structure for an European species.

Larva. (P1.26, figs.8 to 15). The larva is pale greenish yellow,
with a brownish yellow head and elongate antennae; the length
_is from 3to 4 mm. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide, with
a number of short setae, two at the base of each antenna, two
on the front, one mesad, one laterad and one in front of each
_ pair of eyes. There are two eye spots on each side (figs.8 and
14). The antennae (fig.13) are over one half as long as the head,
each mounted upon a lateral prominence. The first joint is three
times as long as the second, and has a seta on its side a little
distad of the middle, and an apical seta 1.5 times as long as the
second joint, the latter having two apical setae with rounded_
ends. The third joint is shorter than the second, the fourth
is shorter than the third, the latter has a delicate apical seta.
_ All setae are very pale yellow in color. The labrum is prominent
and has two pairs of stout apical setae, one pair of which is
curved and elongated (fig.14); besides this there are five or six
pairs of smaller lateral setae. The epipharynx is like that of the
genus Chironomus, with the usual comb, curved setae, and
bifid lateral arms. The mandibles (md) have black tips, the max-
illae (figs. 12 and 14 mx) each have a prominent palpus and an
elongate mesad projecting process with several blades, very deli-
cate and transparent; the brown labium with its black teeth has
an outline as figured (fig.12 1). The prolegs have the usual curved
hairs. Hach segment of the thorax has a very few scattered setae
arranged in two transverse rows. The abdomen is practically de-
void of setae. The last segment has the usual dorsal tufts of
setae, four short though conspicuous blood gills, and prolegs with
their retractile bilobed claws.

Pupa. Pale yellow, with brownish thorax, length about 2. 5 mm.
The respiratory organs are slender, unbranched, pointed fila-
ments, and bare; about one third the length of ine thorax, The
second, third, fourth, fifth and sometimes the sixth segment of
the abdomen is dorsally marked with a pair of brown spots, upon
which are a number of short brown setae, near the anterior mar-
gin. The second segment has in addition a transverse row of
much finer microscopic spines near the posterior margin, and the’
usual transverse ridged row upon the posterior edge (fig.11).
There are also a very few scattered minute setae. Each lateral
fin of the eighth segment has four pale, slender filaments and a
single brown apical spur. The caudal fin has the usual fringe of
long matted hairs or filaments (fig.15). ~

Imago, male. Pale yellow, abdomen pale yellowish green. The
head with proboscis and palpi pale yellow; antenna somewhat

296 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

infuscated, with pale hairs, basal joint yellow; palpi elongate;
the eyes conspicuously black, deeply notched. Thorax wholly yel-
low, with three buff-colored, sometimes indistinct, dorsal stripes.
Abdomen quite pale green, very slender and with pale hairs; geni-
talia (p1.83, figs.4 and 4a) yellow, with four pairs of appendages;
an elongate pair of lateral lobes with upturned ends (1), a pair of
elongate inferior lobes with rounded ends (i), a pair of short
superior lobes with sharp apex and recurved setae (s), a pair of
mesad projecting brushlike appendages (a), and finally a curved
dorsal keel (d). Legs wholly cream white, tips of middle and
hind tibiae each’ with two tiny black combs, one tooth of each
comb being prolonged into a short spur. Legs rather hairy; fore
metatarsus nearly three fourths longer than its tibia. Wings
white, hyaline, spotless, hairy, margin with long fringe, veins
pale. Anterior veins closely crowded towards costal margin, so
that the veins are difficult to distinguish. Halteres white.
Length 1.5 to 2 mm.

Female. Like the male, differing only as follows: A little
shorter, antennae yellow, last joint dark on the lateral surface;

abdomen shorter and broader, and often entirely yellow, though
sometimes green.

This species is very common among the shrubbery near swift-
flowing brooks. Ithada N.Y.

14. Tanytarsus tenuis Meigen

1830 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 6:255, 112
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3581, 118
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:598
1874 Tanytarsus V.d. Wulp: Tijd. v. Ent. 17:134
1877 Tanytarsus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p. 288, 11
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.284, 70

Pale greenish yellow; dorsum of the thorax with three ferru-
ginous longitudinal stripes; sternum and metathorax also fer-
ruginous. Abdomen of the male very slender, somewhat darkened
toward the end, and with long claspers. Antennae yellowish, the
hairs appearing lighter; palpi dark brown. Legs pale yellow, the
tibiae with black spots at the tip; fore metatarsus twice as long
as its tibia. Wings whitish, delicately haired. Halteres pale
yellow. Length 2 to 3mm. Schiner, loc. cit. Greenland. Lund-
beck. Specimens from South Dakota and Washington seem to be
this species.

15. Tanytarsus flavellus Zetterstedt

1888 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.816, 41
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3584, 117
1864 Ghironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:598 .

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 297

1874 Tanytarsus V.d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17:134
1877 Tanytarsus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.288, 12

(P1.30, fig.21)

Head, antennae and palpi pale yellow; the antennal hairs of
the male brownish yellow; tip of the palpus brownish; eyes black.
Thorax, scutellum and metathorax pale yellow, the thoracic
Stripes pale ferruginous; abdomen pale green; the claspers pale
yellow. Legs and halteres pale yellow; fore metatarsus about 2.5
times as long as its tibia. Wings with yellowish tint, pale veins
and densely haired. Length 1.25 to 1.5 mm. ‘Translation from
V.d. Wulp. Several specimens; Ithaca N.Y.

Tanytarsus (?) sp.
This is a very peculiar little larva from Saranac Inn N. Y. which
I doubtfully refer to Tanytarsus, though it may belong to
some one of the other genera, Chasmatonotus, HKuryec-
nemus, etc., the larvae of which have not yet been described
as far as I am aware.

Larva ‘pale yellowish, length about 2.5 mm. It was found in a
little case constructed of grains of sand like those of some caddis-
flies. A dorsal view of the head is shown on pl.20, fig.10. The
head is about 114 times as long as wide, dark brown in color.
There are a number of setae upon the dorsal surface, distributed
as in the figure; on the posterior part are about 12 blunt tuber-
cles; at the base of each antenna (a) is a peculiar process with
Sharp, finger-like projections (b). The antennae are wanting in
the single specimen, but judging from the size of the basal articu-
lations they are probably considerably elongated. The labrum
possesses prominent setae; the epipharynx is provided with the
usual transverse comb, prominent and elongate lateral arms, and
curved setae. The mandible is stout and has a prominent lateral
Subapical seta. The maxilla has a prominent palpus, and the
labium has a toothed margin much resembling the one shown on
pl.22, fig.7, but with the central tooth somewhat wider and with
but 13 instead of 15 teeth. The anterior prolegs have a number
of slender, curved, pale setae, not pectinate. Upon the dorsal
surface of the thoracic segments are a few long, slender, pale
setae. The posterior end of the abdomen is wanting in this
specimen.

Genus 43. Eurycnemus Van der Wulp

Tijdschr, v. Hntom. XVI (LXX) and XVII, 135
Imago. Head flat in front, covered by the conically produced
thorax; front broad, arched; eyes small, reniform; ocelli wanting.

298 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Antennae of the male as long as the head and thorax taken
together, 14-jointed, the first joint short, disk-like, the following
Joints densely plumose; the antennae of the female shorter, T-
jointed, with a few erect hairs. Proboscis short, palpi curved,
4-jointed, the joints of about equal length. Thorax and abdomen
hairy, the thorax strongly developed, highly arched, conically pro-
duced in front; scutellum and metanotum arched; the sternum
projecting almost nipple-like from between the fore and middle
legs (pl.34, fig.24). Abdomen cylindrical, the genitalia moderately
enlarged; legs thickly haired, the apical ends of the femora and
' all of the tibiae, particularly the hind ones, thickened; the fore
metatarsus about one fourth shorter than the fore tibia, upon each
Side with long cilia. Wings long and narrow, thickly haired; the
anal angle prominent; R, and R,., straight, the latter ending at
the end of the costa; crossvein proximad of the mid length of the
wing; media unbranched, almost straight and entering the margin
immediately below the apex of the wing; the fork of the cubitus
distad of the crossvein; both branches bent gently downward;
humeral crossveins quite distinct. V.d. Wulp, loc. cit.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EURYCNEMUS

Larvae and pupae of the species of this genus have never been described
as far as I am aware. Walker’s two species may not belong to this
genus, but are placed in the following key because of that author’s state-
ment “allied to aestivus.”

Imagines
a Thoracic stripes and fasciae on abdominal segments brown; length 4 mm.
COINS Sis). oo ois Sees a ete te he ke we elie reas Ae ROE OL me eT 1. scitu hits
aa Thoracic stripes yellow
b Thorax yellow ;deuzth 55 mam, st5.405 en eee 2. ADA, COove

bb Thorax green with orange colored stripes; length 9 mm.
. 3. lasiom erims

1. Euryenemus scitulus Coquillett -
1901 Hurycnemus Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23:608

Female. Yellow, the palpi, apices of antennae, four vittae on
the mesonotum, a small spot below and slightly in front of each
wing, the metanotum, except the upper margin and sides, a broad
fascia at base of abdominal segments two to seven; the knees,
apices of tibiae and of tarsal joints, dark brown; mesonotum sub-
opaque, front tarsi bare; wings almost wholly covered with brown
hairs grayish hyaline, the portion in front of the first (R,) and
third (R,.;) veins pale brown; veins brown; length 4 mm.
Habitat: Riverton, New Jersey.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 299

2. Eurycnemus (?%) unicolor Walker

148 Chironomus Walk. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:19
icone hironomus Ost. Sack. Catvl. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Female. Body hairy, saffron or pale orange color; feelers yel-
low; eyes black; legs pale yellow, very hairy; wings colorless,
hairy, fringed; veins yellow; poisers pale yellow. Length of body
5.5 mm.; of wings, 9 mm. Nova Scotia. Allied to aestivus.

3. Euryenemus (?) lasiomerus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walk. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:19
97S Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Male. Wings hairy. Head orange; feelers very downy; their
hairs yellow; chest green; the usual three stripes orange colored ;
abdomen yellow, thickly fringed with hairs along each side; legs
yellow, hairy, especially the feet and the tips of the shanks of
the fore legs; wings white; veins pale yellow; poisers yellowish
white. Length of body 9 mm.; of wings 12 mm. St Martin’s falls,
Albany river, Hudson’s bay.

This species has the chest produced in front like C. aesti-
vus Curtis (=C. hirtipes Macq.) to which it is nearly
allied. Walker, loc. cit. C. aestivus, mentioned above, is
a synonym of elegans Meig., the type species of the genus
EKuryecnemus.

Genus 44. Metriocnemus Van der Wulp

Tijd. v. Entom. XVI (LXX) and XVII, 186
Imago. Antennae of the male fourteen-jointed, long and densely
plumose; antennae of the female seven-jointed, with a few sub-
erect hairs; in both sexes the first joint is thick, disk-like. Pro-
boscis short, palpi bent, four-jointed. Eyes emarginate, ocelli
wanting. Thorax highly arched, more or less produced over the
head, sternum strongly arched. Abdomen asin Chironomus;
in the male the anal is distinctly separated from the preceding
Segments, and is provided with a paix of filiform or sometimes
widened claspers (p1.33, figs. 6, 8). Legs slender, the hind legs
hairy, fore metatarsus shorter than its tibia. Wings hairy, par-
ticularly toward the tip; anal angle prominent; the vein R,.-;
straight and running parallel with the distal end of R, and ending
a short distance before the tip of the costa; the crossvein is at or
even a little proximad of the mid length of the wing; the media is
simple; the fork of the cubitus is directly under or even a little

300 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

distad of the crossvein; both branches gently bent downward
toward the hind margin of the wing; humeral crossvein more or
less distinct. Small species usually not exceeding 4 mm in length.
V.d. Wulp, loc cit. For a characterization of larva and pupa, see
M. knabi.
KEY TO SPECIES OF METRIOCNEMUS
- Imagines
a Yellowish species _
b Abdomen brown with the incisures more or less yellow
c Fore metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia; length 1 to
A DP s "Rand 08 £6 pe a Ete CER ie Sn A Pp RN aoe Pa yrs elnino 1. nanwus
ce Fore metatarsus about 0.8 as long as its tibia; length 3 mm.
2. flavifrons n.sp.
bb Abdomen chiefly yellow
ec Large species 6 or 7mm. in length; thorax yellow with three brown-
ish stripes, and yellow abdomen with brown spots
; 3: (Pare wasp:
cc Smaller species with abdomen nearly uniformly yellow
d Species having wings only sparsely haired; the posterior branch
of the cubitus suddenly deflected; abdomen yellow; length 2 to
3mm. (Greenland). (See Camptocladius gramini-
cola) ;
dd Not as above
e R.t; short, ending far before the tip of the wing; halteres
white; length 1.25 to 1.75 mm. (Greenland)
4, debilipennis
ee R.+; extends nearly to the tip of the wing; halteres yellow
5. lundbeckii nom. nov.
aa Grayish, brown, or blackish species
b Thorax with three blackish stripes; ground color yellow; scutellum
and metanotum black; legs sordidly yellow or pale fuscous; fore
metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia; abdomen fuscous;
male lene Tl LW ancs ee arty eee etapa te teae take ..6 exagitans n.sp.
bb Not as above
c Legs yellow
d Thorax gray with black stripes; abdomen usually with whitish
incisures; fore metatarsus nearly as long as its tibia; length
apd 01 Bee eee rat iy Sie, IO oe a Ge 7 incomptus
dd Thorax with yellow ground color and blackish stripes; abdomen
with posterior margins of segments yellow; fore metatarsus 0.8
as lone. as Ws fibias. wc. 2m ae eee ee 2. flavifrons n.sp.
oc Legs black or brown ;
d Smaller species; length 1.5 to 2 mm.
e Halteres black; dull black, resembling Orth. stercora-
Te TUS! oe ow NAG ee are i ae Oe BE eh ae ae aera ae 8. atratulus
ee Halteres white; black; metanotum somewhat polished
11. knabi

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 301

dd Larger species; if 2 to 2.5mm., then velvet black, and otherwise
not as above
e Legs long and densely haired; fore metatarsus two thirds as

long as its tibia; length 3 to 4mm. (Greenland)

9. ursinus

ee Legs sparsely haired ; male velvet black, female dull; fore meta-
tarsus but little over half as long as its tibia

10. fuscipes

Note.—Consult also auxiliary key containing Walker’s species, p.198.

- 1. Metriocnemus nanus Meigen
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:50, 69

1874 Metrioecnemus V.d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17:136
1877 Metriocnemus V.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.292, 4

Antennae and palpi dark brown; head and thorax yellowish
green, the stripes grayish black, the sternum black. Abdomen
brown above with pale incisures, the venter pale yellow. Legs
brown. Wings hyaline, the veins somewhat brown. Halteres
white. Length, male, 1.33 mm.; female, 1 mm. Meigen, loc. cit.

This species is said to occur in Greenland (Lundbeck). The iden-
tification being doubtful, Lundbeck redescribed the Greenland
specimens. For these I propose the name lundbeckii (see

no. 5.)
2. Metriocnemus flavifrons n. sp.
(P1.31, fig.1)

Male. Head yellow, proboscis and palpi fuscous, the first joint
of the antenna shining brown, the second yellow, the remaining
joints and the hairs fuscous. Eyes black. Dorsum of the thorax
yellow with three dull, dark brown stripes, sparsely covered with
' pale hairs. Pleura yellow, scutellum, metanotum, and sternum
dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with the posterior one third
of each segment yellow; hairs and the genitalia pale brown.
Coxae brown, legs yellowish, the tarsi slightly infuscated, legs
very sparsely haired, anterior metatarsus about four fifths as
long as its tibia. Wings hyaline, hairy, R,., straight and ends
close to the tip of the wing; halteres pale. Length 3 mm.

Female. Like the male, but has wider wings; venation as
figured. Ithaca N. Y., July.

3. Metriocnemus par n. sp.
(P1.31, fig.2; pl.33, fig.6) .
Male. Yellow, the antennae except the basal joint, apices of

front femora, of their tibiae and of the first two tarsal joints,
the whole of the remaining joints, also the last two on the other

302 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tarsi, brown; a pair of rather large black or dark brown spots
on abdominal segments two to seven, last segment and the geni-
talia (pl1.33, fig.6) also brown; mesonotum marked with three
darker yellow or brownish vittae, the middle one divided, hairs
of the antennae brownish; front tarsi destitute of long hairs,
middle and hind legs rather hairy, the fore metatarsus about
three fourths as long as its tibia, the fourth joint of the tarsi
more than one fourth as long as the first; wings hairy, whitish
hyaline, the veins yellowish; venation as figured; length 6.5 mm.
In one specimen, the one with the darker thoracic vittae, the
tips of the middle and hind femora and tibiae are darkened.
Axton, N. Y.. A female specimen from New Jersey has dark
brown thoracic stripes and larger spots on abdomen.

In the paper by Messrs MacGillivray and Houghton in the’
Entomological News, January, 1903, this fly was identified as
Orthocladius par Coq., with the description of which it
agrees pretty. well except for its hairy wings; the latter fact I
had overlooked.

4, Metriocnemus debilipennis Lundbeck

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.286, 76
1902 Metriocnemus Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:229

Male. Thorax yellow, with three brown stripes, the median
one posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly abbreviated, the
pleura yellow, the sternum brownish gray, the scutellum yellow,
the metathorax brown. Abdomen yellow, with yellow pile.
Antennae brown; the palpi sordidly yellow. Legs yellow, the
halteres white. The wings whitish hyaline, hairy, the anal lobe
but little produced, obtuse-angled, R, and R,:, run_ close
together, the latter much shortened, and ‘runs into the costa far —
before the tip of Cu,; the media runs into the tip, the base of
the fork of the cubitus is a little distad of the base of R,+,, the
lower branch is a little curved at the tip. The middle and hind
legs are distinctly pilose, the anterior metatarsus is a little
shorter than the tibia.

Female. A little shorter than the male, also a little paler, the
wings wider and more hairy, the anal lobe more widely rounded ;
in other respects like the male. Length, male and female, 1,25
to 1.75 mm. Greenland. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

5. Metriocnemus lundbeckii nom. nov.
1898 Chironomus nanus Lundb. (nec Meig.). Viden. Med. p.285

Male. Thorax yellow, in dried specimens often sordidly yellow
or fuscous, with three brown stripes, the middle one abbreviated

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 303

posteriorly or less distinct, the lateral ones anteriorly abbre-
viated; the pleura yellow, the sternum brown, the scutellum
yellow, the metathorax more or less dilutely brown. Abdomen
yellow with yellow pile. Antennae dilutely brown or yellow; the
palpi yellow. Legs and halteres yellow. Wings whitish hyaline,
moderately hairy, the anal lobe not produced, widely rounded, the
veins thin and pale, toward the costa a little stronger, R,-;
straight, its apex nearly over the tip of Cu,; the costa is produced
a little beyond the tip of the radius, the media runs into the tip,
the posterior branch of the cubitus is suddenly deflected. The
middle and hind legs are hairy; the fore metatarsus is a little
shorter than its tibia.

Female. Shorter than the male, its thorax a little paler, the
wings a little more hairy; in other respects like the male. Length
15 to 2 mm. Southern Greenland. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

Var.a. (P1.31, fig.3.) Some Ithaca specimens agree very well
with the above description, but the palpi are pale fuscous instead
of yellow, and the sternum is dusky yellow instead of brown.
The fore tarsi are slightly infuscated and the posterior branch of
the cubitus is suddenly deflected near the end similar to but in less
degree than in Camptocladius; in the latter respect it
differs particularly from my specimens of M. nanus Meigen.
The fore metatarsus is about three fourths as long as its tibia.

Var. 6b. A specimen from Chicago is wholly yellow; the mouth
parts, antennae, three thoracic stripes, a spot on the pleura, the
metanotum and sternum, brown. The legs, excepting the coxae
and trochanters, somewhat infuscated. Wings hyaline, hairy,
anterior veins slightly yellow. Halteres yellow. -Length 2.5 mm.

6. Metriocnemus exagitans n. sp.
(P1.31, fig.4)

Male. Head yellowish, palpi and antennae fuscous, proboscis
yellowish; dorsum of thorax with three subshining blackish
Stripes, the middle one divided; the plura, humeri, and space
between the dorsal stripes, yellow; a spot on the pleura, the
sternum, scutellum and metanotum subshining black. Hairs on
dorsum black. Abdomen wholly fuscous or subfuscous, the
hairs and the genitalia somewhat paler. Coxae fuscous, the
trochanters and bases of femora yellow; remaining parts of the
legs sordidly yellow or pale fuscous; the fore metatarsus about
two thirds as long as its tibia. Wings hairy, hyaline, very slightly
smoky; R,., extends nearly to the tip of the wing; costa extends
a little beyond the tip of R,.,; venation as figured. Halteres
yellowish. Length 2mm. Two specimens, Ithaca, N. Y.

304 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

¢. Metriocnemus incomptus Zetterstedt
1888 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.816, 42
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3586, 121
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:607
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.285, 73

Gray; dorsum of the thorax with three black longitudinal
stripes, which are often indistinct; the metanotum blackish; the
abdomen with pale incisures, at the base sometimes lighter. Head
dark; the palpi pale yellow, the antennae testaceous. Legs pale
yellow, the coxae and all the articulations brown or at least
darker; fore metatarsus but little shorter than its tibia. Wings
whitish, spotless, thickly haired; the halteres pale. Length 3 mm.
Schiner, loc. cit. (Greenland, Lundbeck.) |

The fly described by Van der Wulpas M. incomptus isa
Synonym of M. modestus Meigen according to Kertesz
(1902).

8. Metriocnemus atratulus Zetterstedt
1850 ChironomusS Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3590, 128
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:608, 56
1884 Metriocnemus Mik. Wien. Ent. Zeitg. 3:202
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.285, 74
(P1.31, fig.5, p1.33, fig.8.)

Resembles Orthocladius stercorarius Deg., but
differs in having hairy wings. Dull black; abdomen black-haired ;
the anal segment wider. Antennae and its hairs black. The legs
black, the tarsi brown; the fore metatarsus but little more than
one half as long as its tibia. Halteres black; wings white, with a
darker stripe at its base; delicately haired. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.
Schiner, loc. cit. (Greenland, Lundbeck.) 7

Several specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., agreeing with the above
description have the thoracic hairs, especially of the male, pale

brown.
9. Metriocnemus ursinus Holmgren

1869 Chironomus Holmgr. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 8:5, 39

1898 Chironomus Lundbh. Vidensk. Meddel. p.284, 71

1902 Metriocnemus Kertesz. Cat’l. Dipt. 1:232

1865 Chironomus arecticus Bohem. Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Foérh
p.574, 19

1845 Chironomus aterrimus Staeger (nec Meig.). Krojer.
Naturh. Tids. 1:3538, 8

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat’l. Dipt. N. A. ‘p.20 -

Male. Head black; antennae fuscous black, densely plumose,
basal joints of the flagellum stouter. Thorax black, subopaque,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 305

in some lights shining cinereous; black bristled, especially on the
sides in front of the wings; scutellum obtuse, black bristled.
Abdomen black and black-haired, the anal segment obtuse, flat-
tened (after death), the appendages bearded. The wings cinereous
whitish, toward the costa somewhat infuscate, the tip hairy, espe-
cially in the radial cell, the remaining surface nearly bare; the
posterior margin ciliate. Halteres fuscous black. The legs fus-
cous black and long-haired except the fore tibiae and tarsi, which
are short pilose; fore metatarsus one third shorter than its tibia.

Female. The thorax and abdomen with pale setae, the wings
_ somewhat hairy; the halteres fuscous black or sometimes pale
fuscous. Length 3 to4 mm. Holmgren, loc. cit. (Greenland,
Lundbeck.)

Lundbeck (1898 p.284) in a note states, “ The wings are very
sparsely haired and only toward the apex, the wing of the female
being a little more hairy between the branches of the radius
than that of the male. The hairs seem to rub off readily, and
hence many specimens are found with only a trace.”

: 10. Metriocnemus fuscipes Meigen

1818 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:49, 65
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3578, 107
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:607
1874 Metriocnemus V.d. Wulp. Tijds. v. Ent. 17:136
1877 Metriocnemus Y.d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.291, 2
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.284, 72
1865 Chironomus carbo Phil. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien. 15:600, 11
1818 Chironomus picipes Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:25, 74
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3589, 125
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:612
iis Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cai’l. Dipt. N..A. p.21

Black, not shining; the anal segment of the male wider than
the preceding one. Forceps small, its arms rather robust. Palpi
and antennae black, the hairs of the latter sometimes tinged with
brown. Legs black, or pitchy; fore metatarsus about one half as
long as its tibia. Wings pale brownish or whitish according: to
the incidence of the light; the hairs dark, more perceptible at the
tip; fork of the cubitus distad of the small crossvein. Halteres of
the male black, of the female pale. Length 3 to 4.5 mm. Schiner
and V. d. Wulp, loc. cit. (Greenland, Lundbeck.) ;

The species described by Zetterstedt appears to be different,
judging from the different relative lengths of fore tibia and
_ mnetatarsus.

306 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The following is Meigen’s description of M. picipes:

Wholly velvet black, including antennae and halteres; only the
legs are pitchy, and the wings are grayish, hairy. Length 2 to
2.5mm. (Greenland, Staeger.)

11. Metriocnemus knabi Coquillett
1904 Metriocnemus Coq. Canadian Entomologist. p.11

Larva. Pale yellow; head dark yellow; eyes, apical half of the
mandibles, margin of the labium, dark brown. Claws of both fore
and hind prolegs yellow; the dorso-caudal papillae yellow, with
about six black setae. Head short, about 1.5 times as long as
wide; antennae short like Chironomus; eye spots small, each
composed of two confluent pigment spots, the anterior one |

“NRL 2

On, 8
|

Res ‘yy ANA Hy reas Ry

Fig.16 Ventral aspect of Fig. 17 Dorsal aspect of
larval mouth parts of Me- caudalend of pupa of Me-
triocnemus kKnabi x180 triocnemus kKnabi x180

smaller. Mouth parts resembling those of Orthocladius, the
mesad projecting processes of the maxillae spine-like, the palpi
small; the labrum, epipharynx, lateral arms and hypopharynx
as in the above-mentioned genus. Labium with the first and
second pairs of lateral teeth smaller than the third, fourth and
fifth pairs. Anterior prolegs with simple setae (i. e. not pecti-
nate), at the base punctate with groups of minute and very short
spines. The claws of the posterior prolegs of two sizes, the
laterals slender, the peripherals shorter, stouter and broadened
at base. There are four anal blood gills on the 12th segment
but the ventrals of the 11th segment appear to be wanting. The
dorso-caudal papillae are more than three times their diameter.
in length, in this respect resembling Tanypus. At the apex of
each papilla there are about six long black setae.

Pupa. It resembles an Orthocladius pupa, but the breathing
trumpets are apparently wanting. The dorsal posterior margin
of each abdominal segment minutely scalloped. Near the anterior

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 307

margin of each segment there is a transverse patch of short, fine
setae with stout bases. The last segment terminates in a bilobed
paddle. The genital sack of the male pupa is longer than that of
the female. The specimens of larvae and pupae upon which these
descriptions are based were obtained from Mr. Fred Knab.

Imago, male and female. Black, knobs of the halteres whitish,
hairs of antennae brown, those of the body yellowish; mesonotum
somewhat polished, front tibiae twice as long as the first joint of
their tarsi, hind tibiae outwardly fringed with rather long hairs,
all tarsi with a short pubescence, but without hairs, the fourth
joint slender and longer than the fifth; wings grayish hyaline,
densely covered with brown hairs, third vein (R,+;) almost
Straight; length 1.25 to 2 mm. Westfield, Massachusetts. De-
scription of the imago from Coquillett; loc. cit.

The male genitalia of the type shown on pl.33, figs. 1, 2 and 8.

Genus 45. Scopelodromus Chevrel
Arch. de Zool. Exp. et Gen. 4 ser. 1:1. 1908.

This genus as defined by its author appears to be closely related
to or identical with Thalassomyia. Antennae in both sexes seven
jointed; the first joint disklike, the second slightly elongate, the
third to sixth short and closely sessile, the seventh ovate and
slightly enlarged, its apex with a minute button. The palpi are at
least as long as the antennae, four jointed; the first joint appear-
ing double, mushroom shaped, its stem obconate, short pubescent,
its head flattened, discoidal, pilose and provided with setae;
the second joint is spherical and with a short pedicel; the third
and fourth joints are elongate as in Thalassomyia. The tarsal
claws of all the feet of the female, both claws of each hind foot,
and the outer claws of the other feet of the male, simple; the
inner claw of each fore and middle foot of the male is stouter,
flattened, spoon shaped, and from the figure it appears as if the
apical margin were scalloped; the empodium pectinate. The apex
of the abdomen of the female is provided with a pair of jointed
appendages; the basal joint of each is slender, the second short,
obconate, the third disklike, thin, its plane vertical, oval in out-
line, its apical margin notched; male genitalia resembles that of
Thalassomyia fusca. The form of the head, eyes, thorax, abdo-

308 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

men, legs, etc. like Thalassomyia. The fore metatarsus is shorter
than its tibia, the fourth tarsal joint on all feet of both sexes
obcordate, shorter than the fifth; apex of each tibia with two
delicate setae; wing venation as in Thalassomyia, the surface
under a low power, appears punctate, under high power, short
haired. ;

The larvae were found upon the rocks among the algae at the
seacoast, in the Bay of Saint Malo, Brittany. They are described
as green in color, ten or twelve mm. in length. The labium has
14 teeth, the two median, larger than those adjacent; in other
respects it does not appear to differ from Thalassomyia fusca.
The eggs are oval, measuring 200 to 280 microns, and are
deposited singly or in little groups, embedded in a jellylike
substance.

The type species and the only one described, is 8S. isemeri-
mus Chevrel. From Chevrel’s description it will be seen that
the female differs from Thalassomyia fusca and con-
gregata in the form of the first and second palpal joint and
in color characters. Whether it differs in any particular from
T. frauenfeldi I am unable to say since Schiner’s description does
not mention the form of the palpal joints. The male differs from
the male of T. fusca in the number of antennal joints, the form
of the first two palpal joints and in the formation of the tarsal
claws. The males of T. congregata and frauenfeldi
have not been described as far as I am aware.

Genus 46. Macroptilum Becker
Mitteilungen d..Zool. Museum. Berlin No. 2. 2:77
Since the foregoing pages were written it was found that this
genus, which was recently described by Becker, was overlooked.
The type of the genus and the only described species is Macro PS
tilum nudum Becker, from Egypt.

Errata

P. 142, line 14, for “ pulcripennis ” read “ pulchripennis.”

ADDENDA

A number of larvae representing three species were taken by
Mr. R. E. Richardson from the stomach of a shovel-nose sturgeon.
The fish was caught June 1904 in the Mississippi river near
Grafton, Illinois. All the specimens were in rather poor con-
dition, but they nevertheless exhibit peculiar characters which
prevent placing them in any of the foregoing genera. Two of
them (A and B) are certainly members of the group Chironomus,
and possibly belong to the genus Tanytarsus. The third one isa
Chironomid having both Chironomus and Ceratopogon affinities.

Chironomus sp. A.

Length 7 mm. Body stout, greenish in color; head brown, small,
only about half as wide as the thoracic segment, tapering; eyes
each consisting of two small distinctly separated pigment spots,

Fig. 18 Mandible and labium; larva A x400; larva B x180

situated as far cephalad as the margin of the labium. Anterior
prolegs with rather numerous curved setae; posterior prolegs
slender with afew bilobed pale brown claws. Antennae long,
more than half the length of the head, three-jointed, besides the
short basal prominence and two slender apical processes; first
joint long, second very short, no longer than wide, third about 3
as long as the first. Mandible stout, darkened apically, with
moderately stout teeth; labium with margin concave (see figure).
Teeth arranged on each side of the center line, the middle section
toothless. There are four anal blood gills but there are none on
_ the ventral surface of the eleventh segment; above the superior
pair of anal gills are two stout setae; the dorso-caudal papillae
are short, each with a tuft of long pale brown setae.

310 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Chironomus sp. B.

Length 6.5 mm.; color greenish ; head brown, rectangular, nearly
as wide as the first thoracic segment; eyes as in species “A” de-
scribed above; antennae long, about half as long as the head,
three-jointed, not counting the basal prominence and the apical
processes; the first and third joints about of equal length, the
middle one about 3 as long as the first. Mandible stout, black
tipped, the teeth very prominent; labium rounded, teeth small,
the first laterals shorter than the second (fig.18B). Fore pro-
legs with rather short spines; posterior prolegs not visible and
probably destroyed. Caudal papillae and anal blood gills present,
but not in sufficiently good condition to describe; ventral blood
gills wanting.

Chironomid sp. C.

Length 9 mm. Body stout, green in color; head very small,
slender and tapering, yellowish; mouth parts resembling those
of Ceratopogon; mandibles small, slender, sharp, and apparently
move in a nearly vertical plane. On the convex surface of the
mandible is a slender spine. The antennae are long and slender,
nearly as long as the head, the articulations indistinct, apex with
slender processes. Eyes each consisting of a pair of pigment
spots situated on the posterior fourth of the head. Margin of
the labium apparently straight, toothless, not blackened, bounded
on each side by the fan-shaped membrane which is present in
Chironomus, the striations particularly distinct. Anterior pro-
legs prominent, with comparatively few, long, slender, curved,
yellow, but not pectinate claws. These claws are not hair-like
as in Chironomus, but more like the claws of the anterior prolegs
of Ceratopogon sens. str. Posterior prolegs long and very slender,
claws few in number and very small, very much smaller and
shorter than those of the fere legs. Dorso-caudal papillae with
its setae and the anal blood gills present. The poor condition of
the specimens renders further description impossible.

Bibliography
Articles marked with an asterisk (*) relate to the biology of
the species. For a more complete bibliography of the European
species (Imagines) see Kertesz’s Catalogus Dipterorum I, p. 156
to 249.

1903 Adams, C.F. Kansas Univ. Science Bulletin. 2, No. 2.

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1887
1844.
1865
*1834
*1883
*1846
*1894.

#1804.
1903
#1895
#1895
*1895
1894
#1805
*1897
1898
1899
1895
1899
1899
1900
1900
1901
1901
1902
1904.
1878
1829
1831

*
*1866
*1889
*1I776
1715
*1833
*1845
*1902
1875
*1863
*1852
1780
1775
1787
1794

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Balbiani. Zool. Anzeiger. 637-641 ; 662-666.
Becker. Mitteilungen Mus. Berlin. 2.
Bergroth. Wnt. Nachrichten. 13.

Berkeley. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 7:449.

Beuthin. Dipt. d. Umgegend. Hamburg. Verh. Ver. Hamb.
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Bohemann. Ofy. K. Vet. Akad. Férhandl.

Bouche. Naturg. I. T. 2.

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Chevrel. Arch. Zool. Exp. 584.

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Cockerell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 419.

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Coquillett. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sc. 2:3889-464. ,
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Darest. Arch. d. Zool. Exper. 2.

Deby. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 180.

Degeer. Mem. pour servir a hist. d. Ins. 6.
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Dufour. Ann. d. 1. Soc. Ent. Fr. 285

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Eaton. Ent. Monthly Mag. 12.

Egger. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. 13:1110.

Ellenberger. Lotos. 2:89.

Fabricius, 0. Fauna Groenlandica.

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Fabricius, J. C. Mantissa Insectorum.

Fabricius, J. C. Hntomologica Systematica.

311

6:46.

312

1805

1848
*1877
*1823
*1866
*1830
*1888
*1762
*1886
*1877
*1880
*1851

1847
1904
*1669
*1780
*1870
*1871
*1833
*1845
*1860
1855
*1875
*1885
*1895
*1853
*1856
1869
1872
1883
*1900
*1901
1902
1900
*1882
*1879
*1754
*1903
1895
1899
1904:
*1899
*1900
*1902
1902
*1897
*1898

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Fabricius, J. C. Systema Antliatorum.

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Forbes. Bul. Ill. State Labr. Nat. Hist. I, Art. 2. 71.
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Kellogg. Amer. Naturalist.

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Kieffer. Soc. Entom. France, Bul. 108.

*1899a Kieffer. Annales Soc. Ent. France. 821, 830.
*1899b Kieffer. Bul. Soc. Ent. France.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 313

*1900a Kieffer. Ill. Zeitschr. Entom. 4:28, 24. 5:9, 16.
*1900b Kieffer. Ill. Zeitschr. Entom. 5:22.
*1901 Kieffer. Allgemeine Zeitschr. Entom. (Aug.).
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(Metz. )
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1824 Kirby. Suppl. to App. to Parry’s First Voyage. CCXVIII.
“1843 Kollicker. Ann. sc. nat. ser. 2:253.
*1858 Kollar. Verh. Zool. bot. Gesel. Wien. 421.
*1867 Kupfer. De Embryogenesi. Diss in aug. Kiliae.
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1809 Latreille. Gen. Ins. et Crust. 4:248.
*1900 Leger. Ann. Soc. Ent. France (Feb.).
*1891 Levi-Morenos. Journ. Roy. Micro. Soc. 337.
*1758 Linne. Fauna Suecica. 486.
1758 Linne. Syst. Nat. Ed. X.
1767 Linne. Syst. Nat. Ed. XII.
1882 Lintner. Inj. and other Ins. of State of N. Y. ist Rept.
1885 Lintner. Inj. and other Ins. of State of N. Y. 2d Rept.
*1843 Loew. Stett. Wnt. Zeit. 28.
1861 Loew. Wien. Ent. Monatschr. V. 33-43.
1861 Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeit. Schr. V.
1865 Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. IX.
1866 Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. X.
#1902 Long. Biol. Bul. 3. 3-15.
1898 Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 269-295.
*1830 Lyonet. Mem. Posth. 17.
*1850 Lyonet. Mem. d. Mus. d’hist. Nat. XIX. 85-89.
1903a MacGillivray & Houghton. Ent. News. 10.
1903b MacGillivray. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Journ. (March).
1826 Macquart. Recueil. Soc. Sc. Agri. Lille.
1834 Macquart. Suites 4 Buffon. Dipteres I.
1855 Macquart. Diptéres Hixotiques 5e. Suppl.
- 1874 Mayer. Amer. Journ. Se. 3d ser. VIII. 89-103.
1874 Mayer. Amer. Nat. VIII. 577-592.
1803 Meigen. Illiger’s Magaz. II.
1804 Meigen. Klass. u. Beschr. d. Europ. Zweifll. Ins. I.
1818 Meigen. Syst. Beschr. d. Bekannten Hurop. Zweifl. Ins. I.
18380 Meigen. Syst. Beschr. d. Bekannten Europ. Zweifl. Ins. VI.
1888 Meigen. Syst. Beschr. d. Bekannten Europ. Zweifl. Ins. VII.
*1886 Meinert. Vidensk. Selsk., 6. Raekke, naturvid. III. 4.
*1882 Meinert. Ent. Tidskr. 3:83-86.
*1895 Miall. Nat. Hist. of Aquatic Insects. Svo. 395pp.
*1891 Miall. Nature, XLIV. 457-462.
*1900 Miall & Hammond. The Harlequin Fly.
1886 Mik. Wiener Ent. Zeitg. V. 187.
*1888 Mik. Wiener Ent. Zeitg. VII. 185.
*1889 Mik. Wiener Ent. Zeitg. VIII. 73, 235.

314

*1894
*1896

*1 897
*
*1899
*1901
*1903
1873
*1896
*1870
1877
1878
*1869
*1870
*1870
*1884
1813
*1847
*1870
*1900
1865
1851
#1738
1884
*1886
— 1856
1857
1823
1824.
1829
1859
1856
1862
1864.
*1868
*1848
18038
*1854.
*1849
*1850
1886
1889
*1879
1899
*1872
1839
1845
1829

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Mik. Wiener Ent. Zeitg. XIII. 23.

Mik. Wiener Ent. Zeitg. XV. 242-247.

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MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

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315

368.

316 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Su)

Bw Dh Re

bt
Se OANDor WWD

EXPLANATIONS TO THE PLATES

PLATE 1
The bull-frog, Rana catesbiana Shaw. Photo by Dr. J. L. Hancock

PLATE 2
Hemerobian wings
Wings of Hemerobius tutatrix Fitch.
Wings of Spadobius oceidentalis Fitch.

PLATE 3
Hemerobian wings
Wings of Micromus insipidus Hagen.
Wings of Micromus jonas sp. nov.
Wings of Palmobius amiculus Fitch.

PLATE 4
Mayflies
Wings of subimago of Baetisca obesa Say. showing color
pattern: 1, 2, 3, anal veins.
Lateral view of nymph of Baetisca obesa Say
Wings of imago of Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh
Wings of imago of Heptagenia interpunctata Say

PLATE 5
Chirotenetes
Female imago of Chirotenetes albomanicatus gp. noy.
Wings of subimago of same 15
Lateral view of nymph of same
Dorsal view of nymph of same

PLATE 6
Chirotenetes
End of male abdomen ‘of Chirotenetes albomanicatus gp.*
nov. viewed from below; f, forceps; m, rudimentary median caudal
seta
Labrum of nymph of same species
Labium of nymph of same
Mandible of nymph of same
Maxilla of nymph of same, with suboval gill tuft attached
Base of antenna of nymph of same
Fore leg of same, with coxal gill tuft attached
Hind leg of same
Claw of hind tarsus of same
Gill lamella of the fourth abdominal segment with gill tuft attached to
its base on the under side re
PLATE 7
Mayfly nymphs (photographed from alcoholic specimens)
Nymph of Ameletus ludens sp. nov.
Nymph of Choroterpes basalis Banks
Nymph of Hedyurus maculipennis Walsh

* White fore torsi accidentally cut away in cutting out the back-ground.

10 Ol RP

OMNAMAHRWNH

AA tTkKWA NF

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK Sal

Ventral view of nymph of Rhithrogena elegantula Htn.?
Dorsal view of the same
Ventral view of Iron sp? from Coy Glen near Ithaca
Dorsal view of the same
PLATE 8

Choroterpes and Ameletus
Wings of imago of Choroterpes basalis Banks
Abdominal appendages of the male imago of same, from below
Labium of nymph of the same
Maxilla of nymph of the same
Labrum of nymph of the same
Mandible of the nymph of the same
Gill filament of the first abdominal segment of the same
Gill lamellae of the fourth abdominal segment of the same
Venation of the wings of Ameletus ludens sp. noy.

PLATE 9
Mayfly nymphs (photographed from alcoholic specimens)

Three nymphs of Ephemerella excrucians Walsh, showing
differences in depth of coloration; the left front foot of the left hand
specimen has been lost and is regenerating -

Nymph an unknown Ephemerella from Pecos New Mex.

Dorsal and ventral views of nymphs of Heptagenia interpunc-
tata Say

Dorsal and ventral views of nymphs of Heptagenia sp? no. 38,
from Ithaca N. Y. °

PLATE 10
Drunella and Ephemerella

Venation of fore wing of nymph of Drunella grandis Htn.?

Venation of hind wing of same

Face of the nymph of same (male)

Claw of hind tarsus of same

Claw of hind tarsus of Hphemerella bispina gp. nov.

Lateral view of nymph of Drunella grandis Htn?, legs removed

Dorsal view of abdomen of nymph of Ephemerella sp? from
Richfield Springs N. Y.

Male abdominal appendages of EHphemerella excrucians
Walsh

Male abdominal appendages of Ephemerella sp? from Pecos N.
Mex. ;

Male abdominal appendages of Ephemerella bispina gp. noy.

PLATE 11
Leptophlebia and Caenis
Venation of wings of Leptophlebia praepedita Etn.
Abdominal appendages of male of same, drawn from mounted slide, the
ventral processes of the inner appendages somewhat turned aside by
pressure of the coverglass

Venation of the wing of Caenis hilaris Say

Venation of the Wing of Caenis diminuta Walker

318 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

o> Ot

a oR WN

OG =)

NOP Whe

End of male abdomen of same from below
End of male abdomen of Caenis hilaris Say, from below.
3 and 4 to same scale; 5 and 6 to same scale

PLATE 12
Nymph of Polymitarcys albus Say
DRAWINGS BY W. E. HOWARD
Dorsal view of the nymph
Mandible
Maxilla
The right fore leg
Labium
Antenna
A gill from the fourth abdominal segment
Labrum
PLATE 13
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila consimilis from beneath
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila consimilis from above
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila consimilis from side
Another view of penis of Hydroptila consimilis
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila delineatus from beneath
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila delineatus from side
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila delineatus latero dorsal
aspect
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila spatulata from beneath
Dorsal of plate of Hydroptila spatulata from above (not
quite satisfactory)
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila spatulata from side
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila hamata from beneath
Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila hamata from above
Apex of adbomen of Hydroptila hamata from side

PLATE 14

Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia clavata from beneath (not —
satisfactory)

Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia clavata from side

Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia confusa from above

Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia confusa latero ventral
aspect

Apex of abdomen of Orthotrichia brachiata from beneath

Apex of abdomen of Orthotrichia brachiata from side (not
satisfactory )

Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira coercens from beneath

Apex of abdomen of Oxyethbhira coercens from above

Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira coercens from side

Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira viminalis from beneath

Apex of abdomen of Neotrichia collata from beneath ~

Penis of Neotrichia collata

Apex of penis of Neotrichia collata, another view

Fore wing of Neotrichia collata

Hind wing of Neotrichia collata

oR WN eH

SCO MNAAhWNYH

ae
aor wn eH

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 319

PLATE 15

Head of Neotrichia collata

Apex of abdomen of Neotrichia collata from above

Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila perdita from beneath

Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila perdita from above

Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila perdita from side (some-
what crushed)

Penis of Hydroptila perdita

Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia clavata from above

Dorsal plate of Hydroptila ceonsimilis (dry example from
Belfrage Texas)

Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira dualis from beneath

Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira dualis from above

Apex of penis of Oxyethira dualis

PLATE 16
Chironomus sp.
Adult male. x6
Pupa
Head of adult female
Larva (the second and third segments coalescent)
Frontal aspect of larval head

PLATE 17
Ceratopogon sens. lat.

Larva. x6
Hypopharynx of larva. x100
Caudal end of larva. x100
Ceratopogon sens. str. Larva. x10
Ceratopogon sens. str. Body segment of larva. x40
Ceratopogon sens. str. Mandible of larva. x180
Ceratopogon sens. str. Thoracic prolegs of larva. x400
Ceratopogon sens. str. Claw of hind proleg of larva. x400
Ceratopogon sens. str. Dorsal aspect of pupa. x15
Bezzia sp. Dorsal aspect of labium, maxilla and its palpus
Bezzia sp. Ventral aspect of pupa
Bezzia sp. Thoracic respiratory organ of pupa. x100
Brachypogon wing
Ceratopogon sens. str., wing
Bezzia wing
Sphaeromyas wing

PLATE 18

Ceratopogon sens. lat.

Dorsal aspect of labrum of larva; a, antenna; b, papilla. x400
Dorsal aspect of labium and maxilla of larva; p. palpus. x400
Lateral aspect of head of larva; m, mandible; a, antenna. x100

Bezzia setulosa
Mandible of larva. x400
Hypopharynx of larva. x400
Dorsal aspect of labium of larva. x400

320

7 Foot of imago

15
16

Foot of imago

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Ceratopogon sens. str.

Culicoides sp.

Bezzia setulosa

Respiratory organ of pupa. x100
Dorsal aspect of pupa. x15
Ventral aspect of pupa. x15

Fore femur of imago. x40

Sphaeromyas argentatus

Fore fifth tarsal joint of female imago. . x40
Hind fifth tarsal joint of female imago. x40

Bezzia setulosa

Antenna of male imago. x40

Antenna of female imago.

Ventral aspect of head of larva: a,

x40

PLATE 19
Ablabesmy ia flavifrons

maxilla; p, palpus; 1, labium.
Respiratory organ of the pupa. x50

x100

Procladius pinguis

Respiratory organ of pupa.
Caudal appendage of pupa.

Labium of larva. x180

x50
x15

Ablabesmyia sp.

Ablabesmyia dyari

Caudal appendage-of pupa.
Respiratory organ of pupa.

x15
x50

Ablabesmyia monilis

Pupa. xd
Larva. x5

Procladius adumbratus

Caudal end of larva. x50

Ablabesmyia monilis
A pale claw of the posterior proleg of larva. x100
A dark claw of the posterior prolegs of larva. x100

Respiratory organ of pupa.

x40

Ventral aspect of head of larva:

maxilla; p, palpus; 1, labium ; h, hypopharynx ; x, lateral process. x100

Caudal appendage of pupa.

x40

a, antenna; md, mandible;

Ablabesmyia fastuosa

Mandible of larva. x100
Antenna of larva. x100
Respiratory organ of pupa.
Caudal appendage of pupa.

x40
x40

antenna; md, mandible; mx,

mx,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK o21

PLATE 20
Procladius adumbratus
Ventral aspect of head of larva: a, antenna; md, mandible; mx,
maxilla; p, palpus; 1, labium ; h, hypopharynx; x, lateral process. x180
Slender claw of posterior proleg. x180
Stout claw of posterior proleg. x180
Caudal appendage of pupa. x40

. Respiratory organ of pupa. x100

Ablabesmyia carnea
Ventral aspect of head of larva: a, antenna; md, mandible; mx, max-
illa; p, palpus; 1, labium; h, hypopharynx; x, lateral process. x180
Respiratory organ of pupa. x100
Caudal appendage of pupa. x40

Diamesa waltlii

Ventral aspect of the head: md, mandible; mx, maxilla; p, palpus;
ulr, labrum: la, lateral arms; 1, labium; hy, hypopharynx

Chironomus sens. lat. sp.

Dorsal aspect of head: ds, dorsal sclerite; a, antenna (wanting) ;

b, frontal process

PLATE 21
Chironomus tenellus

Ventral aspect of head of larva: ulr, labrum; la, lateral arms; md,

mandible; mx, maxilla; p, palpus; 1, labium. x150
Caudal end of pupa. x60
Lateral aspect of the fifth abdominal segment of pupa. x60
Antenna of larva. x150

Chironomus nigricans

Antenna of larva. x150

Ventral. aspect of head of larva: 1, labium; hy, hypopharynx; mx,
maxilla; imx, inner lobe of maxilla; p, palpus. x150 .

Mandible of larva. x150

Anterior prolegs of larva. x25

Posterior end of larva. x25

Hpipharynx of larva: an, anterior comb; ¢c, posterior comb. x250

Dorsal aspect of second and third abdominal segments of pupa. x25

Comb at caudal end of lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. x60

Chironomus flavicingula

Ventral aspect of epipharynx of larva, distended: f, posterior comb;
Ss, curved setae. x250

Ventral aspect of labrum: a, epipharynx (shown enlarged in fig.13).
x150

Dorsal aspect of labrum. x250

Dorsal aspect of third segment of pupa. x25

Lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. x60

Labium of larva. x150

Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: 1, labium; mx, maxilla; p,
palpus; hy, hypopharynx

322 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

PLATE 22
Chironomus flavus
1 Ventral aspect of head of larva: a, antenna; md, mandible; mx,
~~ maxilla ; p, palpus; hy, hypopharynx; 1, labium; f, fan-membrane.
x150

Caudal end of larva: a, caudal setae; b, blood gills. x85

3 Lateral aspect of second and third abdominal segments of pupa. x35

4 Spur of lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. x60

Tanytarsus deflectus
6 Respiratory organ of pupa. x100
Chironomus sp. (81) “
7 Ventral aspect of mouth parts, labium and maxilla. x100 ;
Chironomus modestus

8 Highth segment and anal appendage of pupa.’ x50

9 Antenna of larva. x100

10 Labrum, ventral aspect: la, lateral arms. x100 :

11 Ventral aspect: 1, labrum; md, mandible; mx, maxilla; p, palpus;
f, fan-like membrane. x100

12 Dorsal aspect of fourth abdominal Segment of pupa. x50

Tanytarsus sp.
13 Dorsal aspect of fourth abdominal segment. x40
Chironomus modestus var. b.
14 Dorsal aspect of posterior part of abdomen of pupa. x40
Chironomus modestus var. a.

15 Dorsal aspect of fourth segment of abdomen of pupa. x50
16 Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment of pupa. x50

Tanytarsus sp.

17 Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment of pupa. x40
18 Spur of the lateral fin; possibly of another species. x100

Chironomus fulviventris

19 Posterior comb of the epipharynx of the larva. x100
Chironomus (?) fulvus

20 Dorsal aspect of abdominal segment of pupa. x50

Chironomus sp. (84)
21 Labium of larva. x100

Chironomus sp. (82)
22 Labium of larva. x180
Chironomus (?) fulvus
23 Lateral fin of the eighth segment of pupa. x50
Chironomus fulviventris

24 Labium of larva. x100
25 Antenna of larva. x100
26 Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment of pupa. x100

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 323

PLATE 23
Chironomus dorsalis

Labium of larva (after Miall and Hammond, 1900). x100

Chironomus lobiferus
Antenna of larva. x100
Ventral aspect of larval head: 1, labium; mx, maxilla; p, palpus;
f, fan-like membrane. x100
Lobe of an abdominal segment of the imago. x100
Comb of the lateral fin of the eighth segment of the pupa. x400

Chironomus sp. (83)
Labium of larva. x180

Chironomus decorus

Mandible of larva. x150

Labium of larva. x100

Pupa. x6

Ventral aspect of labrum of larva: an, anterior comb; c, posterior
comb; Ir, lateral arm. x150

Dorsal aspect of second abdominal segment of pupa. x40

Anal end of pupa. x40

Labium of larva (of another variety or possibly species). x180

Chironomus. (?) plumosus
Spur of the lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. x100

Labium of larva. x180
Maxilla of larva: p, palpus. x180

PLATE 24
: Cricotopus exilis

Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: J, labium; mx, maxilla; p,

palpus; hy, hypopharynx. x250
Ventral aspect of the labrum. x250
Caudal end of pupa. x60
Mandible of larva. x250

Cricotopus trifasciatus

Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva, labium and maxilla. x150
Mandible of larva. x150
Lateral aspect of abdominal segments of pupa. x35
Respiratory organ of pupa. x150
Lateral hair-tuft of larva. x150
Caudal end of pupa with the caudal end >f enclosed imago. x35

Orthocladius flavus

Hypopharynx of larva. x80 .

Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: a, antenna; md, mandible;
mx, maxilla; p, palpus; 1, labium. x80

Respiratory organ of pupa. x60

Ventral aspect of labrum of larva: la, lateral arm. x250

Lateral aspect of the posterior end of the seventh abdominal segment
of the pupa

Caudal end of pupa. x25

Larval case, natural size

324 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

am Oe

mw oD

Orthocladius nivoriundus
Ventral aspect of labrum of larva: la, lateralarm. x150
Antenna of larva. x150
Mandible of larva. x150
Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: 1, labium; mx, maxilla; hy,
hypopharynx. x150
Dorsal aspect of abdominal segment of pupa. x80 3
Respiratory organ of pupa. x60
Caudal appendage of pupa. x35

PLATE 25
Orthocladius fugax

Mandible of larva. x150

Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: J, labium;. nix, maxilla ep,
palpus; hy, hypopharynx

lratero-ventral aspect of labrum of larva: a, antenna; ep, epipharynx ;
e, lateral arm. x159

Respiratory organ of pupa. x150

A pectinate hair from anterior prolegs of larya. x400

Caudal end of larva. x60:

Lateral aspect of second, third and fourth abdominal segments of pupa.
x60

Claw of posterior proleg of larva. x250

Peripheral claw of posterior proleg of larva. x250

Dorsal aspect of fifth abdominal segment of pupa

Orthocladius sordidellus
Ventral aspect of labrum of larva. x180
Antenna of larva. x180
Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: 1, labium; md, mandible;
mx, maxilla; p, palpus; Ir, labrum. x250
Lateral aspect of abdominal segment of pupa. x150

Tanytarsus dissimilis ;
Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: 1, labium; md, mandible;
mx, Maxilla; p, palpus; Ir, labrum. x250
Antenna of larva. x250
Dorsal aspect of abdomen of pupa of variety a. x60
Comb of the lateral fin of the eighth segment of pupa. x250
Dorsal aspect of the abdomen of pupa. x60
Comb of lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. x250

Cricotopus varipes
Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: 1, labium; mx, maxilla;
p, palpus
PLATE 26
Tanytarsus dives
Dorsal aspect of head of larva: a, antenna; Ir, labrum. x60
Apical end of mandible of larva. x150 ;
Respiratory organ of pupa. x60
Ventral aspect of mouth varts of larva: I, labium; mx, maxilla; p;
palpus; imx, inner lobe of maxilla; hy, hypopharynx. x250

OMNnaw1rwnDdeH

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Caudal end of larva. x25
Caudal end of pupa. x25
Dorsal aspect of abdominal segments of pupa. x25

Tanytarsus exiguus
Larva. x20
Fibrous case of larva and pupa. x6
Dorsal aspect of second abdominal segment of pupa. x100

32s)

Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: 1, labium; md, mandible;

mx, maxilla: p, palpus. x400
Antenna of larva. x250

Latero-ventral aspect of head of larva: a, antenna; md, mandible;

mx, maxilla; 1, labium
Caudal end of pupa (male). x100

PLATE 27

BProecladius: pusilius
Peoebladius caligzinosus
Peockadcius pingeuis
Proecladius scapularis
Ablabesmyia cCarnea yar. ec.
Ablabesmyia monilis
Tanypus stellatus
Ablabesmyia venusta
Ablabesmyia dyari
Ablabesmyia melanops
Ablabesmyia flavifrons
Ablabesmyia indecisa
Ablabesmyia indeciSa (after Williston)
Ablabesmyia pallens, var. a.
Mamypus eculiciformis
Shasmatonotus bimaculatus

PLATE 28

CHitonomus brachialis
Chironomus scalaenus
Chironomus spilopterus (after Williston)
Chironomus taeniapennis
Ciaroenomus caliginoswus
Swieronromus flayieinmeula
Chironomus halteralis
Chironomus fallax
CMmironomus. riparius
Chironomus barbipes
Chironomus annularis
Chironomus albimanus (male)
Chironomus albimanus (female)
Chironomus devinetus
Chironomus nigricans
Chironomus pedellus
Chironomus aberrans

326

Ne
Sm ©

fh ft fot fat
PODEODMNAaMAWNHEH

—
Or

OHSOANaaIrRrwnNeH

ph bd pet
et )

Oe a el ee wt
SOWOND THK W

Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus

Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Chironomus
Cricotopus

Cricotopus

Camptoclad
Camptoclad
Camptoclad
Camptoclad

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

fumidus
fulvus
flavus

PLATE 29

modestus
modestus
modestus
modestus
pallidus
fulviventris
frequens
dux
viridicollis
longimanus (after Williston)
plumosus
decorus
similis
cristatus

trifasciatus

exilis

bicinetus

varipes

sylvestris

debilis (after Williston)

var. a. female
var. a. female
var. b. male
female

PLATE 30
ius sp.
ius fumosus
ius byssinus
ius minimus

Orthocladius
Orthocladius
Orthocladius
Orthocladius
Orthocladius
Orthocladius
Orthocladius

sordens
flavus
sordidellus
nivoriundus
absurdus
fiws ak
obumbratus

Thalassomyia fusca
Diamesa waltlii

Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus
Tanytarsus
Tan y tia t Sis
Tanytarsus

obediens
gmundensis
deflectus
dives
fatigans
fulvescens
muticus
flavellus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK S271

PLATE 31

Metriocnemus flavifrons

Metriocnemus par

Metriocnemus lundbeckii

Metriocnemus exagitans

Metriocnemus atratulus

Chasmatonotus bimaculatus (head of male)

Diamesa waltlii (antenna of female)

Orthocladius absurdus (antenna of female)

A part of an egg string of Sphaeromyas argentatus

An egg massof Chironomus sp. x2 ; :

An egg mass of Tanypus sp. (after Miall)

12 A part of an egg string of Chironomus gp.

13-14. A part of the egg string of Chironomus dorsalis (after
Miall and Hammond)

15 A part of an egg string of ChironomusS gp.

16 Dorsal aspect of thorax of amale Chasmatonotus bimacula-

tus. x40

a
rPOoDOMOmONIOTRWNH

PLATE 32
Genitalia: d, dorsal keel; 1, lateral; s, superior; i, inferior lobe
1 Bezzia setulosa. Dorsal aspect. Male. x100
2 Tanypus euliciformis. Male x100
3 Ablabesmyia monilis. Male. x100
4 Corynoneura celeripes (after Kieffer)
5 Diamesa praecox. (after Kieffer)
6 Chasinatonotus bimaculatus. Dorsal aspect. Male. x50
7 Chironomus flavicingula. Dorsal aspect. Male. x100
§ Chironomus modestus. Dorsal aspect. Male. x100
9 Chironomus modestus var. b. Latero-ventral aspect. Male.
x100
Meo wironomus fulviventris. Male. x100
Mm Chironomus. modestus. Female. x00
12 Chironomus flavus. Ventral aspect. Male. x100
18 Chironomus decorus. Dorsal aspect. Male. x100
14 Diamesa waltlii. Dorsal aspect. Male. x50

PLATE 33
Genitalia: d, dorsal keel; 1, lateral lobe; gs, superior lobe; i, inferior
lobe; a, appendage of the superior lobe
1 Orthocladius kervilli (after Kieffer)
Zoot neOrop us exilis. Male, x00
8 Tanytarsus dissimilis. Ventral aspect. Male. x150
4 Tanytarsus exiguus. Ventral:aspect. Male. x350
4aTanytarsus exiguus. Male. Latero-ventral aspect. x100
5 Tanytarsus dives. Male. Dorsal aspect. x100
6 Metriocnemus par. Male. Lateral aspect. x100
7 Orthocladius absurdus. Lateral aspect. Female. x100
8 Metriocnemus atratulus (after Kieffer)

328 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

OO ON OD Ol RB & bb

bt et
jes

ft pe ts ps
oO oF w vO

bE
CO =]

Co bh ee

COADAA

10
12
13

PLATE 34
Compontia cruciformis (—Thalassomyia frauenfeldii ?)
Dorsal aspect of larva (after Theobald, 1892)
Hydrobaenus lugubris (after Fries)
Dorsal aspect of head of larva
Anterior prolegs of larva
Lateral aspect of larva
Lateral aspect of pupa
Antenna of female
Antenna of male
Caudal appendage of pupa
Wing of imago —
Male genitalia
Lateral aspect of male clasper
Telmatogeton St Pauli (after Schiner)
Lateral aspect of larva.
Anterior prolegs of larva
Lateral aspect of pupa
Caudal sucker of pupa

Wing of imago
' Orthocladius ? oceanicus (after Packard)

Ventral aspect of larval head
Posterior prolegs of larva
Anterior proleg of larva

Wulpiella scirpi (after Kieffer)
Wing of imago
Dorsal aspect of larva
Anterior proleg of larva
Ventral aspect of head of larva

Eurycnemus sp.
Lateral aspect of male (after Van der Wulp.) :

PLATE 35

Macropeza
Anterior part of wing of imago (after V. d. Wulp)
Wing of imago (after Meigen)
Antenna of imago (after Meigen)

Psamathiomyia pectinata (after Deby)

Wing of male
Wing of female
Antenna
Haltere of male
Leg of male
Dorsal aspect of head and thorax

Tersesthes torrens (after Townsend)
Wing of imago
Palp of imago
Antenna of imago
Leptoconops (after Skuse)
Wing of adult

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Eretmoptera (after Kellogg)
Foot of imago
Palp of imago
Labium of imago
Hypopharynx of imago
Labium-epipharynx of imago
Ualtere of imago

~ Dorsal aspect of the male

Antenna of male
Antenna of female
Male genitalia

Didymorphleps (after Weyenbergh)
Wing of imago

Burmeisteria (after Weyenbergh)
Wing of imago
Lateral aspect of head and thorax of male
Haltere

Stenoxenus (after Coquillett)
Wing of female

- PLATE 36
Corynoneura lemnae (after Frauenfeld)
Lateral aspect of larva
Anterior prolegs of larva
Posterior prolegs of larva
Caudal end of pupa
Lateral aspect of pupa

Corynoneura sp. (after Winnertz)
Hind leg of imago
Wing of imago
Palpus of imago
Antenna of male

Antenna of female
Clunio marinus

Lateral aspect of larva (after Carpenter )

Dorsal aspect of male (after Theobald)
Dorsal aspect of female (after Carpenter )
Diamesa culicoides (after Heeger except fig.14)
Lateral aspect of larva (after Brauer)
Dorsal aspect of larva
Ventral aspect of pupa
Lateral aspect of pupa
Mandible of larva
Labium of larva
Maxilla of larva
Labrum of larva
Antenna of larva
“ Underlip ” (i. e. hypopharynx ) of larva
Claw of hind foot of larva
Anterior proleg of larva

330 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

“1 > O1 HOO bo eH

HG,

2
28

Doloplastus (after Skuse)
Wing of imago
PLATE 37

Limnophyes (after Verrall)

Dorsal aspect of female

Mouth parts of female

- Antenna

Lateral aspect of head and thorax

Halirytus (after Verrall)
Fore leg of female
Lateral aspect of female
Antenna of female

Heteromyia (after Say)
Wing of imago
Fore leg of imago
Podonomus (after Philippi)
Antenna
Wing of imago .
Procladius (after Skuse)
Wing of imago
Spaniotoma (after Philippi)
Wing of adult
Antenna
Isoplastus (after Skuse)
Wing of imago
Pentaneura (after Philippi)
Wing of imago
Ablabesmyia pulchripennis (after Lundbeck)
Wing of imago
Tetraphora (after Philippi)
Wing of imago
Antenna of imago
Tanypus posticalis (after Lundbeck)
Wing of imago
Heptagyia (after Philippi)
Wing of imago
Antenna of imago
Palpus of imago
Procladius nervosus (after V. d. Wulp)
Wing of imago
Chironomus prasinus
Labium of larva (after Hammond)
Chironomus sp.
Labium of larva (after Osborn)
Chironomus tentans (after Weyenbergh)

Labium of larva
Apex of mandible of larva

Fig.

Vig.

w bd

co 00

del

.15

ig. 16

. 18

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK dol

LEGENDA TO TEXT FIGURES

Venation of the wings of Siphlurus; lettering explained in text,
.20

we of Callibaetis . p.21

Venation of the fore wing of Ephemera. p.22

The nymphal labium of Baetisca obesa Say. (The two
muscle bands indicated by dotted lines in the basal segment of
the left palpus are the same that move the lateral lobe of the
dragonfly labium). p.80

Ameletus ludens gp. nov., female subimago; u, end of abdo-
men from below, showing truncate apical lobe of the 9th sternum ;
v, fore tibia and tarsus. p.36

Parts of nymph of Ameletus ludens gp. nov.; y, maxilla;
z, Single gill lamella from one of the middle abdominal segments.

p:31
Gill lamellae of the nymph of _Blasturus cupidus Say;

e, from the 1st segment; f, from the 4th segment; g, from the
7th segment, p.41 ;

Venation of wing of ?Caenis allecta gp. nov. p.48

Ventral view of male abdominal appendages of ? Caenis
allecta sp. nov., imago. p.48

Ventral view of male abdominal appendages of EHedyurus
macullipennis Walsh, imago; f, forceps; i, inner appen-
dages. p.51

Tarsal claws of nymphs of Heptageninae; w, of Hepta-
genia interpunctata Say; x, of Rhithrogena ele-
gantula Etn.?; y, of Iron sp? from Coy Glen, Ithaca; z, of
Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh; hind claws in each
ease; middle ones would be similar; front ones sometimes
different, p.52

Labra of nymphs of Heptageninae; h, of Iron _ sp?
from Coy Glen, Ithaca; i, of Rhithrogena elegantula
Hin.?; j, of Hedyurus maculipennis Walsh; k, of
Heptagenia interpunctata Say. p.52

Mandibles of nymphs of Heptageninae; ec, of Rhithro-
gena elegantula Etn.?; d, of Iron sp? from Coy Glen,
ihaca: ec, sor, Read yurws macwlipennis “Walsh:. f, of
Heptagenia interpunctata Say. p.52

Maxillae of nymphs of Heptageninae; m, of Iron gp?
from Coy Glen, Ithaca; n, of Heptagenia interpune-
tata Say; 0, of Rhithrogena elegantula Etn.?:
p, of Eedyurus maculipennis Walsh. p.53

Hydroptilid structures: Agraylea multipunctata; 49,
apex of abdomen from beneath; 41, same from side; 42, triangu-
lar pieces from side; 48, same when much exserted; 44, ventral
MMi Orecnotrichia americana (?); 45, apex of
abdomen from beneath. p.73

Ventral aspect of larval mouth parts of Metriocnemus
knabi. x180. p.306

Dorsal aspect of caudal end of pupa of Metriocnemus
knabi. x180. p.306

Mandible and labium; larva A, x400; larva B, x180. p.309

Plate 1

Bullfrog

aan

SS RS

Plate 2

ec Kk EL

ti Pa 0S

re Wk Se

Hemerobian wings

Plate 4

May fly structures

Plate 5

Chirotenetes
The white-gloved howdy

Plate 6

Ld Was
K WES

¢ ye 7 \

Chirotenetes

Plate 7

oe oe Oe wis ae oe oe Se ee aa ALOMAR ANN eevee

vy fly nymphs

Lape ih

—

=
5 c=

SES ay
Ne ae
Z

Ft +
ea
+

Plate 9

Bee

fly nymphs

May

Plate 10

BS oT
Ea pee Ge ae ey,
5 LES

Drunella and Ephemerella

Plate 11

KS
o*<

eae (ET
ES |
OE | NE

| ee

a=
—_— ———

| Ss ares wars ES

Caenis

Leptophlebia an

—

rfl

Plate 12

| ee
NAR
( Si Hy)

only diveaie ys) san. ws

Plate 13

} i )
‘i

i i)
von OME

h\i
MM

Hydroptilid structures

Plate 14

Hiydroptilid structures

Plate 15

Hydroptilid structures

Plate 16

Chironomus

ee ag!
s

”

Plate 17

Ceratopogon group

Plate 18

Bites .
ZN NS

a Wy
yp ~~ ww
"annua \

Ceratopogon group

Plate 19

Tanypus group

Plate 20

‘S : ,
? A ,
4, \ =: fly *

Tanypus group and others

—-- - |

ta a
Wa wees
oar

\
; oer 1D. Aa
” 4
CA yy ‘ re. Se

= mas
L.

i 2

LE oe:

4 , 7 a

£ Z
t “et y
SY ITE a

CORLL RLLOOLIPA JT

»
=
ee at

Chironouus: details of larva and pupa

Plate 22

Cea)

Ss
~
WG
Qe

ay)
Z
Z
:

yy pds
Hy lye ht
Hy Vy \
’
vuln)
alti
ay

Chironomus: details of larva and pupa

Plate 23

Ry al

ees ita
ote Tieriik

nee alt \ ant

! ie
oan ia ee

Cas ae ener eee
ees ena, yy?" 3

Chironomus: details of larva and pupa

Plate 24

—>=
SS

Sts ce fe ——
-
=:

See

Cricotopus and Orthocladius

Plate 25

4 Mh. WG }

vy v re ty Vy lhe
Wola viele Gr

= > OOTY mm quuauewer soe
i
ees
a ties /

ny ' Ya
Ap /
—

raise

SR Ze

Orthocladius, Tanytarsus, Cricotopus

-
a
ante ie
ns

Plate 26

y ao :

Prerinet ta a oe

it!" Naw a
Ye “iN :—
VY 70 ; y

= ye?

Tanytarsus

Plate 27

oe,
0 : Ni Sint
= CSRS LAIOOS Rig (ich eee nl LL
7 ‘ a
Ma

"pas

Tanypus group and Chasmatonotus

Plate 28

OOO AT TRUNK
THM at NNN
WT iin W

Chironomus

Plate 29

Chironomus (1 to 14), Cricotopus (15-20)

Plate 30

Camptocladius (1 to 4), Orthocladius (5 to 11), Thalassomyia (12)

am}.

Diamesa (13), Tanytarsus (14 to 21)

re es

ee a

“

Plate 31

S 7
TTR
|

SASH X
aN NICER IN

= 97 > ML, gg Mla Qt
=f Ha ’ “( 1] 4 al !
% ra Seine =(U =

- ‘ _
44,

'
ae,

Metriocnemus (1 to 5), Chasmatonotus (6 and 16), Diamesa (7),
Orthocladius (8), Eggs and egg masses (9 to 15)

~ i pe ea ?

Plate 32

enitalia

Plate 33

SS TE
0) LF
Je. ale

rar A,

CE pe
EEA
a oS

Genitalia

Plate 34

\
| SEN,
\ < ran

Miscellaneous details

. a
\ ;
’
‘
‘
j
’
,
4
‘
‘
-
.
a*

Plate 35

; PIN \\dX

Miscellaneous details

Plate 36

Mi)

\
|

Miscellaneous details

cat
Bech
Bess

=
1

a z
sy
3 i
5 a {
ser
%
jai fs s
= A
s

; ;
x ;
. : ,
- i
5
ut
‘ y ney \
’ ie
ue ‘
5 a
» » e
4 ;
} tH
v 4 . -
j
: ! és
'
.. -” mats
; :
} ,
;
f
‘

Plate 37

Miscellaneous details

MINA EX

The superior figures tell the exact place on the page in ninths; e. g. 136°
means page 136, beginning in the third ninth of the page, i. e. about one
third of the way down. Page numbers referring to descriptions of species

are printed in black face type.

abdominalis, Chironomus, 245%.
aberrans, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus aberrans.
aberrata, Diamesa, see Diamesa
aberrata. ;
Ablabesmyia, 89", 121°, 125’, 135°-55’,
156°; key to species, 186-38".
(?) sp., 155*; explanation of plate,
S205
adumbrata, 155*.
algens, 137°, 149".
barberi, 137°, 146°.
bifasciata, 136°, 139%.
carnea, 136°, 136°, 1377, 140*-42°;
explanation of plate, 321°.
eer. a, 137°.
var. e, explanation of plate, 325%.
discolor, 138', 149°.
dyari, 136’, 137’, 146°-47°; expla-
nation of plates, 320°, 325°.
fastuosa, 136%, 136°, 138°, 153°_54° ;
explanation of plate, 320°.
flaveola, 138*, 151‘, 152%.
flavifrons, 136%, 136’, 138°, 150°
51°; explanation of plates, 320+,
325°. |
futilis, 187, 1897—-40*.
guttularis, 137°, 145°-46°,
hirtipennis, 138°, 154°. |
indecisa, 138°, 152'; explanation
of plate, 325°. |
johnsoni, 137°, 147°-48+,
melanops, 138°, 149°—-50*; explana- |
tion of plate, 325°.
monilis, 122°, 136, 136°, 1374, 142°—
44°, 153°, 1544, 156°; explanation
of plates, 320°, 320", 3254, 327°.

nigropunctata, 138°, 151°, 1557.

Ablabesmyia ornata, 137°, 148%.

pallens, 138°, 151°.
var. a, explanation of plate, 325°.
pictipennis, 136°, 138°-89*, 1567’,
156".
pilosella, 138*, 188°, 152°—-53°.
pulchripennis, 187°, 142*; explana-
tion of plate, 330°.
tibialis, 1881; 153%, 156*,.156".
venusta, 137°, 145'; explanation
of plate, 325°.
absurdus, Orthocladius, see Ortho-
cladius absurdus.
Adams, C. F., cited, 310°.
adumbrata, Ablabesmyia, 155%.
adumbratus, Procladius, see Procla-
dius adumbratus.
Aeschna, 14°.
sp., 14°.
Aesculus hippocastanum, 98’.
aestivus, Chironomus, 299°.
aestivus, Eurycnemus, 2997.

| Agraylea, 64°, 64°, 74’.

cognatella, 75°.
multipunctata, 73°, '74°—75°; expla-
nation of figure, 331°; figure, 73.
Agrioninae, 14’.

| Alasion, 937, 99%.

rondani, 106%.

alaskensis, Telmatogeton, 169', 1697.

albimanus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus albimanus.

albipennis, Chironomus, 194’, 223%.

albistria, Chironomus, 198°, 199,
246°.

albivitta, Pedicia, 8°.

albomanicatus, Chirotenetes, sce
Chirotenetes albomanicatus.

ood

; albomarginatus, Ceratopogon, 107°.
albus, Polymitarcys, see Polymitar--}
cys albus.
Aldrich, acknowledgments to, 76°.
algens, Ablabesmyia, 137°, 1491.
allecta, Caenis, see Caenis allecta.
Allotrichia, 64°, 64°.
alternatus, Siphlurus, 15°, 18’, 197.
Aimeletus, 25°, 27°, 30°.
ludens, 18°, 36°-38°; explanation
of plates, 316°, 317°; figures, 36,
37; explanation of figure, 331?.
americana, ? Habrophlebia, 18’.
americana, Orthotrichia, see Ortho-
trichia americana.
amiculus, Hemerobius, 15°, 16°.
amiculus, Palmobius, see Palmobius
amiculus. :
amphibius, Halirytus, 116°.
Anatopynia, 897, 121°, 125°, 127’, 130°,
isi? VS5":
consobrinus, 135’.
forcipatus, 135°.
humeralis, 135’.
lactipennis, 135°.
morio, 135’.
nudipes, 135’.
pubitarsis, 135’.
Anax, 14°.
junius, 14".
angulatus, Micromus, 15°.
angustella, Orthotrichia, see Ortho-
trichia angustella.
annularis, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus annularis.
annulatus, Chironomus, 213°.
annulatus, Tanypus, see Tanypus an-
nulatus.
annulipes, Tanypus, 161°.
anenymus, Chironomus,
235°,
antarctica, Belgica, 113°.
anticus, Chironomus, 199’, 2477.
Ants, 11.
Apogon, 106°.
Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera, 76—
315.
arcticus, Chironomus, 304°.

TOO; loGe,

NEW YORK STATH

MUSEUM

argentata, Ceratopogon (Sphaero-
mias), see Ceratopogon (Sphaero-
mias) argentata.

argentatus, Sphaeromias, see Sphae-
romias argentatus.

Argia violacea, 14°.

Aristotles, cited, 310°.

Arribalzaga, F. L., cited, 109°, 109°,
P28 259 a

arundineti, Tipula ?, 149°.

Asper, cited, 310”.

aterrimus, Camptocladius, 259‘, 2617.

aterrimus, Chironomus, 264*, 304°.

Atherix sp., 9".

atomarius, Orthocladius, 266", 276°
Hi bor ;

atra, Corynoneura, 164’, 164’.

atratulus, Metriocnemus, see Metri-
ocnemus atratulus.

atricornis, Chironomus var., 218”.

atrimanus, Chironomus, 190°, 200°,
200%—-11.

attenuatus, Chironomus, 198°, 245%.

badius ?, Stratiomyia, 13°.

Baetinae, 24°, 277, 29%, 29°, 29°.

Baetini, 29°.

Baetis 26% 277,299, 32) aor
pygmaea, 18’, 40*.

Baetisca, 24°, 27°, 29°.
obesa, 17°, 30*-31*; explanation of

plate, 316*; figure, 30; explana-
tion of figure, 3381’.

Balbiani, cited, 310°, 311’.

baltimoreus, Tanypus, 156°, 160°.

Banks, C. 8., mentioned, 234°.

Banks, Nathan, cited, 73".

barberi, Ablabesmyia, 137°, 146°.

barbicornis, Orthocladius, 266°, 283°.

barbipes, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus barbipes.

basalis, Choroterpes, see Choroterpes
basalis.

basalis, Orthocladius, 267’,

Becker, cited, 311’.

Bees, 11.

Belgica, 89°, 112°-13°.
antarctica, 113°.
magellanica, 113°.

282%.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Beling, cited, 8’.
bellus, Procladius, 126°,
29%.
bellus, Tanypus, 128°.
Bergroth, cited, 311’.
Berkeley, cited, 311’,
Berotha, 16’.
Berry, Edward W., cited, 18°, 40°.
Betten, Cornelius, material collected
by, 19°, 63%.
Beuthin, cited, 162°, 311°.
Bezzi, cited, 106’.
Bezzia, 928, 99*, 102°; explanation of
plate, 319°. *
sp., 103'—4*; explanation of plate,
ot.
setulosa, 102°-3", 103°; explana-°
tion of plates, 319°, 320°, 320’,
327°.
Bibliography of Chironomidae, 310%
ey”.
bicinectus, Cricotopus, see Cricotopus
bicinctus.
bicolor, Tanypus, 149°.
bifasciata, Ablabesmyia, 136°, 139%.

128°, 1287—

bimaecula, Chironomus, 199%, 247°
48".
bimaculatus, Chasmatonotus, see

Chasmatonotus bimaculatus.
bipunctata, Forcipomyia, 100°.
bipunctatus, Ceratopogon, 100".
bispina, Hphemerella, see Ephemer-

ella bispina.
bivittata, Spaniotoma, 162°.
Blackwings, 14°.
Bisgeurus, 24° 27%, 324,

cupidus, 18°, 40°-41°; figure, 41;

explanation of figure, 331°.
Blepharocera, 54°, 59'.
Blepharoceridae, 76°, 79%.
Blood worms, 79’, 123°.
Bohemann, cited, 311’.
Bolton, mentioned, 69".
Bombus consimilis, 13%.

ternarius, 13%.
borealis, Chironomus,

246°.
borealis, Eutanypus, 178°, 178°—79°.
Bouche, cited, 311’.

198’, 245°,

335

brachialis, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus brachialis.

brachiata, Orthotrichia, see Ortho-
trichia brachiata.

Brachypogon, 92°, 99*, 104°; explana
tion of plate, 319’.

Brauer, F., cited, 311°.

Bremi, cited, 311°.

brevipennis, Chironomus, 172’.

brevipennis, Smittia, 172°.

brevitibialis, Chironomus, 194’, 226°—
Bhs, Aare

Brodie, cited, 77°.

Brook trout, food of, 7’.

Brown, J. C., mentioned, 113°.

browni, Eretmoptera, 114°-15°, 118".

brunneipennis, Chironomus, 191%,
191°, 205°,

brunneus, Chironomus, 198°, 199%,
246°-471,

brunnipes,. Chironomus,
204'—5?.

Bullfrog, summer food of, at Sara-
nac Inn, by J. G. Needham, 9°—15°.

Bumble bees, worker, 13*.

Burmeister, cited, 78°.

Burmeisteria, 91°, 172‘; explanation

of plate, 329°.

photophila, 172’.

byssinus, Camptocladius, 261°, 264°.

ile ete y

Caenini, 29°.
Caenis lo e25 20% ae SO oe.
allecta, 18°, 47°-49°; figures, 48,
explanation of figures, 331+.
diminuta; 18°, 48°, 49°; explana-
tion of plate, 317°.
hilaris, 49%.
hilaris, 47°, 49°;
plate, 317°, 318.
californicus, Chironomus, 192’, 217°.
caliginosus, Chironomus, see Chirono
mus caliginosus.
caliginosus, Procladius, see Procla-
dius caliginosus.
Callibaetis, 26", 28'; explanation of
figure, 3311; wings of, figure, 21.
ferruginea, 18°.
skokiana, 18°, 40°.
Calopteryx maculata, 14°,

explanation of

336
Cambarus, 137.
Camponotus pennsylvanicus, 13°.
Campsurus, 22°, 26°.

Camptocladius, 91°, 172°, 259'-64*,
265", 303°; key to species, 259°—
GOP Fe:

sp., 259°, 260°;
plate, 326°

aterrimus, 2597, 261°.

bysinnus, 260', 262*; explanation
of plate, 326°.

extremus, 260°, 264°.

fumosus, 259", 260°, 261°; expla-
nation of plate, 326°.

graminicola, 259°, 260°, 300°.

minimus, 259°, 262*-63°; explana-
tion of plate, 326°.

parvus, 260°, 263°. «

pumilio, 259°, 2617-62*.

velutinus, 260°, 263'—64".

cantans, Tipula, 218°.

Carabidae, 11, 13°.

carnea, Ablabesmyia,

mylia carnea.

Carpenter, G. H., cited, 120’, 311°.

catesbiana, Rana, see Rana cates-

biana.

Cecidomium grandaevum, 77°.

celeripes, Corynoneura, see Coryno-

neura celeripes.

Centroptilum, 267, 27°.

Ceratolophus, 93', 99*, 1048, 104°-5°,

106*.
sp., 105%.
Ceratopogon (group), 76*, 77°, 78°,
87", 88°, 92°, 94°, 947, 977-1215.
Ceratopogon (genus), 13°, 781, 80*, 83',
8a", 84, 192°) 927) v1Ole, Od O23,
AAAS, VAT LEP Sr:
sens. lat., explanation of plates,
319%), 319%, S207
sens. str., 99°-101°.
sp:, L007.
sp. sens. lat., 110%, 110°-11'.
albomarginatus, 107%.
(Sphaeromyas) argentata, 122°.
bipunctatus, 100’.
fasciata, 104’.
fasciatus, 107°.

NEW

explanation of

see Ablabes-

YORK STATE

MUSEUM

Ceratopogon femoratus, 1057, 108%.
flavipes, 106°.

hortulanus, 106°.

ornata, 102’.

punctata, 101°.

rostratus, 1127,

vitiosus, 104°.

Chagnon, cited, 311%.
Chasmatonotus, 84°, “90°, 93°, 166°,
297*; key to species, 166°.
bimaculatus, 166°, 1667-67; expla-
nation’. o£- plates; (325 3s2a5
SAA leak.

maculatus, 167°.

unimaculatus, 166’, 1671, 167°.

univittatus, 166°, 167%.

Chevrel, cited, 308°, 311°.

Child, cited, 311°.

chiopterus, Chironomus, 276°.

Chironomidae, 7°, 13’, 76-310; biblio-
graphy, 310°-15°; characteristics
of egg, larva, pupa and adult,
81°-86° ; economic importance, 78°—

797; enemies, 79°; geological dis-

tribution, 77-78’; key to genera,

87-947; methods of capturing,

rearing and mounting, 79*-81?;

North American, key to genera,

93°94". :

Chironomus (group), 1'779°-808°.

Chironomus (genus), 13°, 77°, 78', 78°,
80*, 80°, 83°, 84", 84°, 85°, 87°, 88%,
91°, OF", 98°, 1215 1228 1 22 dee
123% 1247, 127°, 133%, 140+) da
158°, 162%, 16425. 1708s Ti aks
172%, 172°, 173% 174, 186250;
2517, 2528, 256°, 2578, 2581, aoe
260°, 261%, 2615 «262% (2627-42050
264°, 265+, 268%, 2691, 272°, 274°,
2IG, 2765, 277, 218°. 278 aes
282%, 283°, 284, 2877, 28877290"
291°, 2968, 296°, 299%, 299%, 299"
301°, 302°, 304’, 304*, 304%, 305°;
key to species, 188°—99°.

Sp., 188°, 188’, 188°, 189, 2357, 248°
50’, 809-10’; explanation of
plates, 3194322", 322°) Sze ae.
330°; figures, 309. '

sens. lat. sp., explanation of plate,
34 fit

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Chironomus abdominalis, 243°.

aberrans, 193', 221°; explanation
of plate, 325°.

aestivus, 299°.

albimanus, 192*, 205°, 214’; expla-
nation of plate, 325°.

albipennis, 194’, 223%,

albistria, 198°, 199’, 246°.

annularis, 190*, 192°, 211°, 212°-13°,
214°, 237°; explanation of plate,
SPAT

annulatus, 213’.

anonymus, 190’, 196°, 235%.

anticus, 199", 2477,

arcticus, 304°.

aterrimus, 264*, 304°.

var. atricornis, 218°.

atrimanus, 190°, 200*, 2007-11.

attenuatus, 198°, 245°,

barbipes, 192’, 212°; explanation
of plate, 325%.

bimacula, 199°, 247°-48',

borealis, 198’, 2451, 246°.

brachialis, 190°, 192°, 2001. 246°;
explanation of plate, 325’.

brevipennis, 172%.

brevitibialis, 194", 226°-2'73, 230°.

brunneipennis, 1914, 1918, 2057.

brunneus, 198°, 199*, 246°-4'71,

brunnipes, 1914, 1931, 2047—5?,

californicus, 192’, 217°.

caliginosus, 191°, 193°, 205°; expla-
nation of plate, 3257,

chiopterus, 276°.

eniorms, 190*, 192°, 193°, 2167.

cingulatus, 240°.

confinis, 199°, 2487,

crassicollis, 198°, 245°.

cristatus, 197°, 236%, 2423, 242*-
43°; explanation of plate, 326*.

iecorus, 188", 189°, 197°, 212', 233°,
239°-40*, 248°, 250°; explanation
Of plates, 323°, 3264, 327".

devinctus, 192°, 216%-17*; explana-
tion of plate, 325°.

dispar, 192%, 213”,

diversus, 190°.

300

Chironomus dizonias, 256*.
dorsalis, 179’, 188°, 197’, 240°-41° ;
explanation of plates, 323', 327°.
dux., 188°, 190°, 195°, 231°; expla-
nation of plate, 326°.
elegans, 299%.
fallax, 191°, 210*%11°, 221‘; expla-
nation of plate, 325°.
fascipennis, 191’, 2037, 204°.
ferrugineoyittatus, 197°, 2387-39".
festivus, 196°, 284°, 242+.
fimbriatus, 198°, 198°, 245°.
flavicingula, 188°, 189°, 191°, 2087—
102, 217%, 249°, 249°; explanation
of plates, 321°, 325°, 327°.
flavus, 189°, 189’, 194°, 225°-26° ;
explanation of plates, 322', 326°,
Smiles
frequens, 195*, 230°; explanation
of plate, 326°.
frigidus, 281°.
fulviventris, 189°, 189°, 1957, 196°,
196°, 229°; explanation of
plates, 3227, 322°, 326%, 327°.
fulvus, 189°, 194°, 224°-25°; expla-
nation of plates, 3227, 322°, 326’.
fumidus, 193°, 221°-22°; explana-
tion of plate, 326.
glaucurus, 241°.
grandis, 2377.
halteralis, 191°, 210°, 222*; expla-
nation of plate, 325°.
hilaris, 199*, 247+.
hirtipes, 299°.
hyperboreus,
2457, 246°.
innocuus, 196°, 235°-36?.
intermedius, 244+.
jucundus, 195°, 198°, 232°.
lasiomerus, 199°.
lasiopus, 199’, 199°, 247°.
lineatus, 194*, 196°, 223°.
lineola, 196", 223", 234°,
lobifer, 233°.
lobiferus, 188°, 189°, 195°, 233*-34° ;
explanation of plate, 323°.
longimanus, 195°, 196°, 2217, 233';
explanation of plate, 326%
longipes, 222°,

191°, 206°-7!, 207°,

338

Chironomus lugubris, 193°, 2217.
modestus, 188°, 189°, 194°, 22'77*-29°,
231*; explanation of plates,
322°, 8267, 827°, 327".
var., 189°, 194°.
Vir a, 190"; explanation of
plates, 322°, 326.
var. b, explanation of plates,
BPA EAS mee PA Ge
nanus, 302°.
nigricans, 189%,
219°-213, 223°;
plates, 321°, 325°.
nigritibia, 198°, 246".
nitidellus, 191°, 210°.
niveipennis, 191°, 205°—7*.
niveipes, 217°.
nivoriundus, 176°.
nubeculosus, 190°.
obscurus, 2067, 283%.
oceanicus, 199*.
octopunctatus, 190°, 201°.
pallens, 212°, 213°.
palliatus, 192’, 193’, 21'7°-18°.

19072 192 e193",
explanation of

pallidus, 195°, 2380'; explanation
of plate, 326°.

pavidus, 282%.

pedelius, 192°,.-193°, 218°, 2197,

Pied aa explanation of plate, 325°.

pedestris, 1931, 219%.

pellucidus, 199°, 248°.

pilicornis, 2067.

pilipes, 244°.

plumosus, 188°, 189°, 197, 236°-388',
250°; explanation of plates, 323°,
32673

polaris, 198*, 206°, 244'°-45°,

prasinus, 188°, 198°, 244°;
nation of plate, 330°.

pulchripennis, 191°, 208°, 204%.

redeuns, 197°, 236°.

riparius, 190*, 192?,. 211°—L2’;ex-
planation of plate, 325°.

rudis, 206°.

scalaenus, 190°, 201°—2° ;
tion of plate, 325’.

similis, 1977;-197°, 2367;
tion of plate, 326°.

spilopterus, 190°, 202°%—3' ;
nation of plate, 325’.

expla-

explana-
explana-

expla-

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Chironomus staegeri, 1917, 207*-8%,
2451, 246°.
stigmaterus, 197’, 241°-42%,
taeniapennis, 191°, 203°, 204°, 204*;
explanation of plate, 3257.
taenionotus, 194°, 223°-24?,
tendens, 193°, 196*, 222°, 230°, 234°,
242},
tenellus, 188°, 189°, 192°, 193°, 214"—
16'; explanation of plate, 321°.
tentans, 188°, 190*, 198', 243°-44? ;
explanation of plate, 330°.
triannulatus, 258".
trichomerus, 199°, 248°.
tricinctus, 253".
tristis, 2137.
unicolor, 199’.
variabilis, 272°.
varipennis, 190’, 201°.
venustus, 241’.
vernalis, 243%.
vernus, 2917.
vibratorius, 258".
virescens, 190*.
viridicollis, 195’, 197°, 232*; expla-
nation of plate, 326°.
viridipes, 211°.
viridis, 195°, 2277, 230".
vulneratus, 230°.
waldheimii, 241°.
willistoni, 196’, 235".
zonulus, 211°.
Chirotenetes; 25), 277. 28,2957 30"
Boe, OO Oke
albomanicatus, 18‘, 29', 31°-36°,
54*; explanation of plates, 316°,
S16?
ignotus, 28°.
Chloeon, 26%.
chloris, Chironomus, see Chironomus
chloris.
chorea, Diamesa, 174°, 1'776°-77*.
choreus, Tanypus, 156", 159°-60°.
Choroterpes, 257, 27+, 32+.
basalis, 18°, 38°-40';
of plates, 316°, 317°.
Chrysomelidae, 7’, 13°.
cinctus, Tanypus, 125°, 155°.
cinerea, Molanna, 14+.
cingulatus, Chironomus, 240°.

explanation

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

claripennis, Orthocladius, 267°, 278°.

lavata, Ithytrichia, see Ithytrichia
clavata.

clepsydrus, Orthocladius, 266°, 283*-—
84",

Climacia, 16°.
dictyona, 15°.

Cloeon, 28”.

Clunio, 897, 90*, 120°-21°.
marinus, 120°; explanation of

plate, 329".

Cockerell,, T. D. A., acknowledg-
ments to, 19°; mentioned, 42°, 46’,
46265; cited, 311%.

coercens, Oxyethira, see Oxyethira
coercens.

cognatella, Agraylea, 75’.

Coleoptera, 11, 12°, 13°.

collata, Neotrichia, see
collata.

Coloburus, 25’, 287.

Compontia, 186%.
cruciformis, explanation of plate,

328).

Comstock, J: H., cited, 31°, 79°, 827,
86’, 311*; acknowledgments to, 76°.

concinnus, Procladius, 1267, 129%
30°,

confinis, Chironomus, 199°, 2487,

confusa, Ithytrichia, see Ithytrichia
confusa.

congregata, Thalassomyia, see Tha-
lassomyia congregata.

consimilis, Bombus, 13*.

consimilis, Hydroptila, see Hydrop-
tila consimilis.

consobrinus, Anatopynia, 1357.

Coquillett, cited, 827, 145°, 182°, 257°,
267°, 268%, 284', 3074, 311°.

Corethrinae, 81°.

Corethrium pertinax, 77°.

Corynocera, 90’, 161°—62°.
crassipes, 162%.

Corynoneura, 87’, 90°, 90%, 93% 96},

116°, 1177, 162°-63°,
Sp., explanation of plate, 329°.
atra, 164, 164°.
celeripes, 164°;
plate, 327°.

Neotrichia

explanation of

339

Corynoneura lemnae, 88°, 163°; ex-
planation of plate, 329°.
scutellata, 163”.
Cox, cited, 311°.
Crane flies, 81°.
crassicollis, Chironomus, 198°, 245°.
crassinervis, Tanypus, 156°, 158+.
crassipes, Corynocera, 162*.
Cricotopus, 87°, 88°, 91%, 250°-58°,
259°, 264, 265', 265+, 273°, 280° ;
key to species, 2517-52”.
bicinctus, 252%, 256°; explanation
of plate, 326°.
debilis, 252°, 258°; explanation of
plate, 326°.
exilis, 2518, 251°, 252° 2557-56",
256°, 257°, 257*; explanation of
DIAtES B2a ano wont.
geminatus, 2527, 253°.
sylvestris, 252°, 25'7°-58°; explana-
tion of plate, 326°.
tremulus, 2527, 252'-53°.
trifasciatus, 251’, 251°, 252°, 2537—
55’; explanation of plates, 323’,
326%.
vor. tricinetus, «252°.
varipes, 251°, 251°, 252%, 256°-57';
explanation of plates, 324°, 326°.
cristata, Orthotrichia, 73°, 75°. ;
cristatus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus cristatus.
cruciformis, Compontia, see Compon-
tia cruciformis.
Crustaceans, 11, 13°.
Culex, 83+, 124.
Culicidae, 76°.
Culicids, 81°.
culiciformis, Tanypus, see Tanypus
culiciformis.

- Culicoides,-.927. 98°, 99% LOI; 1017,

ta I 1 da oe Do oe
sp., explanation of plate, 320‘.
murinus, 99".
pulicaris, 101°.

culicoides, Diamesa, see Diamesa
culicoides.
cupidus, Blasturus, see Blasturus

cupidus.
Curculionidae, 13°.
Curtis, cited, 107°, 244°, 246°, 311’.

od40)

Cyanophyceae, 35’, 40°.
Cybister, 34’.

Cyllene minutissimella, 65°.
Cynigma, 23°.

Dahl, cited, 311’.

Damselflies, 7°.

Darest, cited, 311".

debilipennis, Metriocnemus,

302°.

debilis, Cricotopus, see Cricotopus

debilis.

Deby, cited, 118°, 311”.

decedens, ? Tanypus, 138°, 156°.

decorus, Chironomus, see Chirono-

mus decorus.
defiectus, Tanytarsus, see Tanytar-
sus deflectus.

Degeer, cited, 123°, 311". a

delineatus, Hydroptila, see Hydrop-

tila delineatus.

Derham, cited, 311°.

devinctus, Chironomus, see Chirono-

mus devinctus.

diabolica, Vespa, 13°..

Diamesa, 88%, 89°, 90°; 90°, 93", 172',
172*%-78°, 183°; key to species,
174.

aberrata,
A rr

chorea, 174°, 1'76°-77*.

culicoides, 174°, 175°, 177*—78? ; ex-
planation of plate, 329°.

praecox, explanation of plate, 327°.

waltlii, 88, 88°, 174°, 174, 174°,
174*-76°, 179°, 274, 276'; expla-
nation of plates, 321°, 326°, 3277,
Bebe

dictyona, Climacia, 15°.

Didymorphleps, 94°, 99°, 111°-12°;
explanation of plate, 329°.

hortorum, 112°.

difficilis, Orthocladius, 266°, 277°.

Dilar, 16°.

diminuta, Caenis, see Caenis dimi-

nuta.

300°,

AS iA ATC ATC,

Diptera, 7, 11, 12°, 13°-14"; ‘aquatic ||

Nematocerous, 76-315.
discolor, Ablabesmyia, 1381, 149°.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

dispar, Chironomus, 192*, 2137.

dissimilis, Tanytarsus, see Tanytar-
sus dissimilis.

diversus, Chironomus, 190°. .

dives, Tanytarsus, see Tanytarsus
dives.

Diving beetle, 34’.

Dixidae, 767.

dizonias, Chironomus, 256%.

Doloplastus, 91°, 171°; explanation
of plate, 330".

dorsalis, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus dorsalis.

Douglass, cited, 282°.

Dragonflies, 7°, 14°.

Drunella, 25*, 27°, 42°, 42*, 42° 43+,
grandis, explanation of plate, 317°,

alts

dualis,
dualis.

Dufour, cited, 311°.

Duisberg, cited, 78°.

dux, Chironomus,
dux.

Dyar, H. G., cited, 146°, 190*, 228°,
2357, 311°,

dyari, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabesmyia
dyari.

Oxyethira, see Oxyethira

see Chironomus

Eaton, cited; 18", 18°, 24° 287 287 ale
31 87, B8* (4b 422s AS) Ae
DS 61s 765s role

Wedyurus, 23°, 26°, 53°.
maculipennis, 18°, 35°, 38’, 52%, 54°,

57'; explanation of plates, 316%,
316°; figures, 51, 52, 53; explana-
tion’ of figures, 331% 33513 sot
Sra mers to bal

Ngger, cited, 311°.

Hlateridae, 13°.

elegans, Chironomus, 299°.

elegantula, Rhithrogena, see Rhith-
rogena elegantula.

Hllenberger, cited, 311°.

Hmpids, 79%.

WMnallagma sp., 14’.

HWnteromorpha, 116%, 117°.

Hpeorus, 23%.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Ephemera, 23*, 26°; explanation of
figure, 331'; venation of fore
wing of, figure, 22.

varia, 187.

Ephemerella, 25°, 27°, 41°-42°.
sp.?, 42", 46°-47*; explanation of
Pmdte al, 317°,

Sp.? near ignita, 45°-46'.

pispina, 18°, 42°, 438+-451, 457, 45°;
explanation of plate, 317’, 317°.

excrucians, 18, 41’, 42°. 46%, 47°;
explanation of plates, 317*, 317’.

grandis, 43', 43°.

ignita, 41’, 48°, 45’.

inermis, 46°.

unicornis, 45°.

- walkeri, 43°.

Ephemeridae, 11, 12°, 15°; by J. G.
Needham, 17°-62°; life history,
191; structure, 19’—22'; classifica-
tion, 28-30%.

Ephemerinae, 22°, 26*, 28°, 29°, 59°-
62°.

Hretmoptera, 89°, 93°, 113°-15°; ex-

planation of plate, 329°.
browni, 114°-15°, 118".

Hrickson, cited, 78.

Hristalis, 13°.

Hurycnemus, 927, 199°, 297%,
98’; key ‘to species, 298°.

Sp., explanation of plate, 328°.
aestivus, 2997.

lasiomerus, 298’, 299°.

scitulus, 298’, 298°.

unicolor, 298’, 299".

Huthyplocia, 23°, 26°.

exagitans, Metriocnemus, see Metri-
ocnemus exagitans.

excrucians, Ephemerella, see Ephem-
erella excrucians.

exiguus, Tanytarsus, see Tanytarsus
exiguus.

exilis, Cricotopus,
exilis.

Explanation of plates, 316-30".

297°-

see Cricotopus

extremus, Camptocladius, 260*, 264°.

flavipes, Ceratopogon,

Fabricius, J. C., cited, 242*, 311°-12'.

Fabricius, O., cited, 311°.

fallax, Chironomus, see Chironomus
fallax.

fasciata, Ceratopogon, 104".

fasciata, Heteromyia, 109*.

fasciatus, Ceratopogon, 107°.

fasciatus, 'Tanypus, 1597, 159".

fascipennis, Chironomus, 191', 2037,
204°.

fastuosa, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia fastuosa.

fatigans, Tanytarsus, see Tanytar-
sus fatigans.

femoralis, Hydroptila, 67°.

femoratus, Ceratopogon, 1057, 108°.

femoratus, Melanoplus, 14°—15'.

Ferguson, W. H., work of, 10*.

ferruginea, Callibaetis, 18°.

ferrugineovittatus, Chironomus,
197°, 2387-39".

festivus, Chironomus, 196%, 234°,
242*.

Figures, legenda to, 331’.

fimbriatus, Chironomus, 198°, 198°,
245°.

Mien. -eited.-2¢0°,° 31.2%.

flavellus, Tanytarsus, see Tanytar-
sus flavellus.

flaveola, Ablabesmyia, 138‘, 151%,
La.

flavicinctus, Procladius, 126’, 132).

flavicingula, Chironomus, see Chiro-
nomus filavicingula.

flavifrons, Ablabesmyia, see
besmyia flavifrons.

flavifrons, Metriocnemus,
ocnemus flavifrons.

flavipennis, Heptagenia, 54°.

106°.

flavus, Chironomus, see Chironomus
flavus

flavus, Orthocladius, see
dius flavus.

Forbes, cited, 79°, 312'.

forcipatus, Anatopynia,

Abia-

see Metri-

Orthoela-

135°.

Forcipomyia, 92°, 100*-1°.

bipunctata, 100°.
nemoralis, 101°.
nemorosus, 101",

042

Forcipomyia pictipennis, 100°.
trichopterus, 100°, 101°.

Frauenfeld, cited, .312?.

frauenfeldi, Thalassomyia, see Tha-
lassomyia frauenfeldi.

frequens, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus frequens.

frici, Oxyethira, 71’.

ries, cited, 1712342,

frigidus, Chironomus, 281’.

frigidus, Orthocladius, 266°, 267°,

268".

fugax, Orthocladius, see Orthocla-
dius fugax.

fulvescens, 'Tanytarsus,
tarsus fulvescens.

fulviventris, Chironomus, see Chiro-
nomus fulviventris.

fulvus, Chironomus, see Chironomus
fulvus.

fumidus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus fumidus.

fumosus, Camptocladius, see Camp-
tocladius fumosus.

furens, Oecacta, 102°.

fusca, Tetraphora, 111’.

fusca, Thalassomyia, see Thalasso-
myia fusca.

fuscipes, Metriocnemus, 301°*,305°-6'.

futilis, Ablabesmyia, 13871, 139'—40*.

see Tany-

Garman, H., cited, 79, 239°, 2507,
ibe

Geinitz, cited, 77°.

geminatus, Cricotopus, 2527, 253°.

Geoffroy, cited, 3127.

Gercke, cited, 99’, 3127.

xervais, cited, 312°.

Giard, A., acknowledgments to, 9';
cited, 312°.

Giebel, cited, 78.

Gimmerthal, cited, 312°.

Girault, cited, 312°.

glaucurus, Chironomus, 241°.

gmundensis, Tanytarsus, see Tany-
tarsus gmundensis.

Goedart, cited, 312*.

Goeze, cited, 312*.

Gomphonema, 35°.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

graminicola, Camptocladius, 259°,
260?, 300°.

grandaevum, Cecidomium, 77°.

grandis, Chironomus, 237°.

grandis, Drunella, see MDrunella
grandis.

grandis, Ephemerella, 431, 43°.

Grasshoppers, 14°.

grisea, Pentaneura, 161°.

Grouse locust, 15’.

Guerin, cited, 312%.

guttularis, Ablabesmyia, 137°, 145%
46°.

Habrophlebia, 24°, 27%.
americana, 18°.

Hagen, cited, 657, 312°.

Halesus, 14*.

Haliday, cited, 178°, 312°.
Halirytus, 894, 116-17’;
tion of plate, 330°.

amphibius, 116°.
halteralis, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus halteralis.

hamata, Hydroptila, see Hydroptila
hamata.

Hammond, cited, 78°, 84, 86%, 129",
124", 179", 18172417 244" Sie ote.

Hart, C. A., mentioned, 29°; cited,
See

Heeger, cited, 1731, 177°, 312°.

Hemerobiidae, 15°-17° ; key to genera,
16*-17°.

Hemerobius, 17*.
amiculus, 15°, 16%.
occidentalis, 16°.
tutatrix, explanation of plate, 316°.

Hemiptera, 11, 12°, 14°.

Henshaw, S., cited, 129°, 1298, 130%,
131°, 182*, 154°; acknowledgments
LOeadiaan

Heptagenia, 24*, 26’, 32%.

Sp.?, explanation of plate, 317°. _

SP.junOs 3,207

flavipennis, 54’.

interpunctata, 18°, 54°-56', 57!; ex-
planation of plates, 316°, 317°;
figures, 52, 53; explanation of
NSULES, Sols, ool oodles.

pulchella, 18’.

explana-

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Heptageninae, 23’, 26", 29°, 51°-54';
figure, 52; explanation of figure,
331°, 331°, 331".

Heptagyia, 90', 121°, 161°; explana-
tion of plate, 330".

Heteromyia, 93°, 99°, 108°; explana-

tion of plate, 330°.
-fasciata, 109*.

heterostropha, Physa, 12’.

Hexagenia, 23°, 26°.
variabilis, 18’.

Heyden, cited, 78*.

hilaris, Caenis, see Caenis hilaris.

hilaris, Chironomus, 199*, 247%.

hippocastanum, Aesculus, 98".

hirtipennis, Ablabesmyia, 138°, 154°.

hirtipes, Chironomus, 299”.

Holmgren, cited, 264’, 268°, 276’, 282%,
2837, 305°, 312°.

Homeoneuria, 29°.

hortorum, Didymorphleps, 112°.

hortulanus, Ceratopogon, 106°.

Houghton, C. O., acknowledgments
fo, 16; cited; 302*, 313°.

Howard; W. E., cited, 18°, 263°, 312°;
mentioned, 59°; Polymitarcys al-
bus, 60°-62°.

Howdy, white-gloved, 31°67.

humeralis, Procladius, 126’, 130°.

humeralis, Tanypus, 135’.

Hydrobaenus, 87°, 88°, 91°, 166%, 1'705—

mi.
‘lugubris, 170°;
plate, 328’.
Hydropsyche, 14*, 32’, 32?.
Hydroptila, 63’, 65', 65*-69°, 72”.
Sp., 13°.
consimilis, 65°, 65’-66°, 66"; expla-
nation of plates, 318*, 319°.
delineatus, 66°; explanation
plate, 318+.
femoralis, 67°.
hamata, 67'; explanation of plate,
eLS*,
perdita, 67';

explanation of

explanation of plate,

319".
Ssparsa, 65°, 66°.
spatulata, 66°; explanation of

plate, 318°.
Hydroptilidae, 8’, 63'-72°, 73°.

{

Hydrotrechus, sp. ?, 14°.

Hymenoptera, 11, 12°, 137.

hyperboreus, Chironomus,
ronomus hyperboreus.

see Chi-

ignita, Ephemerella, 41‘, 43°, 45”.
ignotus, Chirotenetes, 28°.
Inmms, cited, 312’.
incomptus, Metriocnemus, 300%, 304'.
indecisa, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia indecisa.
inermis, Ephemerella, 46°.
innocuus, Chironomus, 196°,
36’.
Insecta lapponica, 161°.
insipidus, Micromus, see Micromus
insipidus.
intermedius, Chironomus, 244+.
interpunctata, Heptagenia, see Hep-
tagenia interpunctata.
Iron, 23°, 26°, 53%, 54°.
sp.?, 57°59"; explanation of plate,
317'; figures, 52, 53; explanation
of figures, 831°, 331°, 331".
isemerius, Scopelodromus, 308’.
Isoplastus, 89°, 121°, 125°, 1257, 155°;
explanation of plate, 330°.
Ithytrichia, 64°, 67°—-69°.
clavata, 67°-69°; explanation of
plates, 318’, 319°.
confusa, 69°; explanation of plate,
Slit
lamellaris, 68°.

235%

Jacobs, cited, 312’.

Jaworowski, cited, 312’.

Jobiot, eited, 312’.

Johannsen, Oskar Augustus, Aqua-
tic Nematoceras. Diptera, 7°, 76—
Sl CUCU, LZ «

Johnson, cited, 216’, 218°, 222°, 223%
OA Gt eee Dey Ste ILOey
202 2685, oe:

johnsoni} Ablabesmyia, 137°, 147°
48*.

Jolla, 2S".
roeseli, 28°.

jonas, Micromus, see Micromus

jonas.

344

* jucundus, Chironomus, 195°, 198°,
232°.

Juday, Chauncey, acknowledgments
to, 197; mentioned, 43°, 59%.

Julws,: 12%.

junci, Tanytarsus, 286°, 290°-915.

junius, Anax, 14’.

Kellogg, V. L., acknowledgments to,
76°; cited, 78°, 847, 1137, 1147, 312°.

Kennicott, R., mentioned, 238°.

Kertesz, cited, 312°.

Kerville, cited, 312°.

kervilli, Orthocladius,
cladius kervilli.

Keys, use of, 19°; to species of Ab-
labesmyia, 136*-38°; to species of

' Camptocladius, 259°—60*; to species
of Chasmatonotus, 166*; to genera
of Chironomidae, 87'—-94°; to
species of Chironomus, 188*—99°;
to species of Cricotopus, 2517—-52';
to species of Diamesa, 174'; to
species of Euryenemus, 298°; to
genera of Hemerobiidae, 16*-17°;
to genera of Mayflies of North
America, 22°-28"; to species of
Metriocnemus, 3007-1°: to species
of Orthocladius, 265*-67'; to
species of Procladius, 126°?-27°; to
species of Tanypus, 156"; to species
of Tanytarsus, 285'-86'; to species
of Thalassomyia, 183°.

Kieffer, Abbe J.J., cited, 92°. 93°, 94°,
1017, 1057, 206", 106% 108", 120%
163%, 164°) 258°,.312°, 313", 313°.

Kienitz, cited, 3137.

Kirby, cited, 3137.

Klapalek, cited, 64°.

Knab, Fred, mentioned, 307’.

knabi, Metriocnemus, see Metrioc-
nemus knabi.

Kollar, cited, 3137.

Kollicker, cited, 3137.

Kupfer, cited, 3137.

see Ortho-

Labidomyia, 100°, 101’.
Laboulbene, cited, 313°.
lactipennis, Anatopynia, 135".
lamellaris, Ithytrichia, 68°.

NEW YORK STATE

MUSEUM

lapponica, Insecta, 161°.

lasiomerus, Chironomus, 199°.

lasiomerus, Eurycnemus, 298", 299%.

lasiopus, Chironomus. 199', 199°, 2477.°

Latreille, cited, 313°.

Lauterborn, R., acknowledgments
ito, 9. :

Leger, cited, 313%.

lemnae, Corynoneura, see Coryno-
neura lemnae.

Lepidoptera, 11, 12°, 15”.

Leptoconops, 92*, 94°, 94’, 967; expla-
nation of plate, 328°.

Leptophlebia, 24°, 27°, 50°.
praepedita, 18°, 49°-51°; explana-

tion of plate, 317°.

Leptophyes, 497.

Lestes, sp., 14".

Levi-Morenos, cited, 313%.

Limnophyes, 90", 165°-66?; explana-

tion of plate, 330°.
pusillus, 166°.

lineatus, Chironomus, 194’, 196’, 223'.

lineola, Chironomus, 1967, 2237, 234°.

Linne, cited, 313%.

Lintner, cited, 313%.

littoralis, Tipula, 218°.

lobifer, Chironomus, 233’.

lobiferus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus lobiferus.

Loew, cited, 78', 103°, 108%, 313°.

Long,W. H., cited, 100°, 313°.

longimanus, Chironomus, see Chi-
ronomus longimanus.

longipes, Chironomus, 222’.

Lowne, cited, 84°.

lucidus, Polycentropus, 14*.

ludens, Ameletus, see Ameletus lu-
dens.

lugubris, Chironomus, 193°, 2217.

lugubris, Hydrobaenus, see Hydro-
baenus lugubris.

Lundbeck, cited, 139', 153’, 164°, 207°,
207°, 227°, 2451, 246°, 260", 260°, 262°,
2625, 263%, 264°, 264°, 268°, 2767, 277,
2108, 278", 2797, 281° 291°. 296 aude.
302°, 3034, 304°, 305°, 313°

lundbeckii, Metriocnemus, see Metri-
ocnemus lundbeckii.

Lyonet, cited, 313°.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

MacGillivray, A. D., acknowledg-
ments to, 76;
cited, 3024, 313°.

McLachlan, R., mentioned, 63*; cited,
63°, 64+, 64", 65°, 69°, 74’, 75”.

Macquart, cited, 313’.

Macropeza, 77’, 92°, 1698-70’; expla-

- nation of plate, 328".

Macroptilum, 308°.
nudum, 308’.

maculata, Calopteryx, 14°.

maculatus, Chasmatonotus, 167°.

maculatus, Tipula, 142.

maculipennis, Ecdyurus, see Ecdyu-
rus maculipennis.

magellanica, Belgica, 113°.

mentioned, 105*; |

marinus, Clunio, see Clunio marinus. |

Martin, J. O., mentioned, 47°.
Mayer, cited, 84*, 3137.

Mayflies of North America, key to.
See also Ephem-

genera, 22°-28’.
eridae.

Megerle, cited, 106".

Meigen, cited, 105°, 106', 125°, 155°,
306°, 313".

Meinert, cited, 124°, 313°.

Melander, A. L., acknowledgments
oe 16°.

Melanoplus femoratus, 14°-15'.

melanops, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia melanops.

172°, 2608, 299°-307?;
species, 3007-17.

key to

B45

Metriocnemus par, 300*, 8301°—2*; ex-
planation of plates, 327', 327°.
picipes, 306°.
ursinus, 3017, 3048-5’.
Miall, cited, 78°, 84, 86°, 124’, 179’,
TST 186", 24d: B13".
Micromus, 16’.

Sp, as

angulatus, 15°.

insipidus, explanation of plate,
316°.

jonas, 15°-16*; explanation of

plate, 316%.

Midge, net-winged, 54’, 597.

Mik, cited, 96", 98°, 313°-14'.

Miller, Mrs Mary Rogers, acknowl-
edgments to, 19°; mentioned, 49°.

Millipedes, 11.

minimus, Camptocladius, see Camp-
tocladius minimus.

minutissimella, Cyllene, 65%.

minutus, Orthocladius, see Orthocla-
dius minutus.

modestus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus modestus.

modestus, Metriocnemus, 304‘.

| Molanna cinerea, 14+.

atratulus, 300°, 304*; explanation

of plates, 3277, 327°.
debilipennis, 300°, 302°.

exagitans, 300°, 303’; explanation —

of plate, 327°.

flavifrons, 300°, 300°, 301°; expla--

nation of plate, 327".

fuscipes, 301°, 305°-6'.

incomptus, 300°, 304".

knabi, 300°, 3067—7'; figures, 306;
explanation of figures, 331°.

lundbeckii, 300°, 301°, 302°-3°; ex- |

planation of plate, 3277.
modestus, 304*.
nanus, 306%, 301°, 303°.

monilis, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia monilis.
monilis, Tanypus, 144".

| Monnier, cited, 314+.
' morio, Anatopynia, 1357.
Metriocnemus, 87°, 88°, 92°, 93*, 162°, |

Morley, cited, 314".

Morton, Kenneth J., North American
Hydroptilidae, 63'—72°. ’

Mosquitos, 817.

Mueller, .O. T., cited, 314’.

multipunctata, Agraylea, see Agray-
lea multipunctata.

murinus, Culicoides, 99'.

muticus, Tanytarsus, see Tanytar-
sus muticus.

nanus, Chironomus, 302’.

nanus, Metriocnemus, 300°, 301°,
303°.

nebulosus, Tanypus, 139".
Needham, James G., bulletin on

stoneflies (Perlidae), 8°; The Sum-
mer Food of the Bullfrog (Rana

046

eatesbiana Shaw) at Saranac Inn,
9-15°; Ephemeridae, 17°62’; cited,
68, ES (St Oo a Lae
mentioned, 74', 75°, 105‘, 107%, 167°;
acknowledgments to, 76°.
nemoralis, Forcipomyia, 101°.
nemorosus, Forcipomyia, 101'.
Neotrichia, 65°, 72°.
collata, 72°; explanation of plate,
318°, 319".
nervosus, Procladius, see Procladius
nervosus.
nervosus, Tanypus, 134’.
Neuronia postica, 14’.
Neuroptera, 11, 12°, 15*..

nigricans, Chironomus, see Chirono-
/

mus nigricans.
nigripilus, Tanytarsus, 285°, 287°.
nigritibia, Chironomus, 198°, 2467.
nigropunctata, Ablabesmyia, 138’,
fol? Vos.
nitidellus, Chironomus, 191°, 210°.
niveipennis, Chironomus, 191°, 205°
.
niveipes, Chironomus, 217°.
nivoriundus, Chironomus, 176’.
nivoriundus, Orthocladius, see Ortho-
ecladius nivoriundus.
Nowicki, cited, 314?.
nubeculosus, Chironomus, 190°.
nudipes, Anatopynia, 135°.
nudum, Macroptilum, 308’.

obediens, Tanytarsus, see Tanytar-
sus. obediens.

obesa, Baetisca, sce Baetisca obesa.

obscura, Thalassomyia, 182°, 183°,
184'-85°.

obscurus, Chironomus, 2067, 283%.

obumbratus, Orthocladius, see* Or-
thocladius obumbratus.

occidentalis, Hemerubius, 16°.

occidentalis, Procladius, 126+, 127%.

occidentalis, Spadobius, see Spado-
bius occidentalis.

oceanicus, Chironomus, 199°.

oceanicus, Orthocladius, see Ortho-
cladius oceanicus.

octopunctatus, Chironomus,
240 he

190°,

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Odonata, 11; 12°) 14™
Odonata-Anisoptera, T°.
Odonata-Zygoptera, 7°.
Oecacta, 92°, 947, 99°, 10127,
furens, 102°.
Oligoneuria, 29°, 29°.
ornata, Ablabesmyia, 137%, 148%.
ornata, Ceratopogon, 102’.
Orthocladius, 87°, 88°, 91°, 162%, 1715,
L723, \ A122, 188". 1888 Saez
2517, 258°, 258°, 2642-84" 306%:
key to species, 265*-67'.
absurdus, 2671, 2'7'7"-78°; explana-
tion of plates, 326", 327°, 327°.
atomarius, 266°, 276°-77°.
barbicornis, 266°, 283°.
basalis, 2677, 282’.
claripennis, 267°, 278°.
clepsydrus, 266°, 283*°-84!'.
difficilis, 266°, 2'7’'7°.
flavus, 265°, 265°, 266°, 270*-72';
explanation of plates, 323°, 326’.
frigidus, 266°, 267°, 268%.
fugax, 2577, 265°; 205° 26 we aoe
80°; explanation of plates, 324%,
B26).
kervilli,
oon.
minutus, 2677, 267°, 278+, 278°-79".
nivoriundus, 265°, 265", 266°, 2'743—
76*; explanation of plates, 324’,
326".
obumbratus, 267°, 281°-82*; ex-
planation of plate, 326°.
oceanicus, 266°, 269'—-70*; expla-
nation of plate, 328°.
par, 265°, 267°, 302°.
platypus, 182°-83', 267".
politus, 266°, 268".
pubitarsis, 267°, 268°, 28171, 282°.
sordens, 266', 272°; explanation of
plate, 326’.
sordidellus, 265°, 265°, 266%, 266%,
267°, 272°-74°, 276°; explanation
of plates, 324°, 3267.
stercorarius, 266°, 275°, 276%, 300°,
304°.
variabilis, 273".
Orthoptera, 11, 12°, 14°-15?.

explanation of plate,

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Orthotrichia, 64°, 69°—70".
americana, 73°, 75°; figure, 73; ex-
planation of figure, 331°.
angustella, 69’, 70*, 70%, 70°.
brachiata, ‘70°; explanation of
plate, 318°.
cristata, 73°, 75°.
tetensii, 69°, 75°.
Osborn, cited, 249°, 314°.
Osten Sacken, cited, 160°, 238°, 244’,
314°,
Oxyethira, 64°, 70°-72', 72°.
coercens, 70°-71*; explanation of
plate, 318°.
dualis, 71‘—72';
plate, 319%.
pene (1°,
viminalis, 71°;
plate, 318°.

explanation of

Pachyleptus, 108°, 109%, 110'.

Packard, A. S., cited, 110°, 2707, 314°.

pallens, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia pallens.

pallens, Chironomus, 212%, 213.

palliatus, Chironomus, 192°,
eto,

pallidus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus pallidus.

Palmobius, 17'.
amiculus, explanation of plate,

316%.

Palpomyia, 93', 93°, 99%, 104°, 1057,
105°-6*, 106°.

Panger, cited, 314".

par, Metriocnemus, see Metriocne-
mus par.

par, Orthocladius, 265°, 2677, 302%.

parvus, Camptocladius, 2607, 263°.

pavidus, Chironomus, 282%.

pectinata, Psamathiomyia, see Psa-
mathiomyia pectinata.

pedellus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus pedellus.

pedestris, Chironomus, 193', 219".

Pedicia albivitta, 8°.

pellucidus, Chironomus, 199°, 248°.

pennsylvanicus, Camponotus, 13°.

_Pentagenia, 26°.

193’,

O47

Pentaneura, 89°, 121°, 160°-61?; ex-
planation of plate, 330°.

grisea, 161°.

perdita, Hydroptila, see Hydroptila
perdita.

Perlidae, 8°.

Perris, cited, 314'*.

pertinax, Corethrium, 77°.

Pettit, cited, 314+.

Philippi, cited, 314°.

photophila, Burmeisteria, 172".

Physa heterostropha, 12’.

picipes, Metriocnemus, 3061.

pictipennis, Ablabesmyia, see Abla-
besmyia pictipennis.

pictipennis, Forcipomyia, 100°.

pictipennis, Psychophaena, 111°.

pilicornis, Chironomus, 206°.

pilipes, Chironomus, 244°,

pilosella, Ablabesmyia, 188', 138°,
152°-53°.

pinguis, Procladius, see Procladius
pinguis.

Plant-beetles, aquatic, 7’.
Plates, explanation of, 316'—-30°.
platypus, Orthocladius, 182°—-83', 267%.
platypus, Thalassomyia, 183°, 185°-
86".
plumipes, Tanypus, 135°.
plumosus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus plumosus.
Podonomus, 89°, 121°, 161°; explana-
tion of plate, 330*.
stigmaticus, 161+.
Poey, cited, 314°.
polaris, Chironomus, 198', 206°, 244°.-
45°.
politus, Orthocladius, 2667, 268°.
Polycentropus lucidus, 14*.
Polymitareys, 23', 26°.
albus, 18°, 59°, 607-62°; explana-
tion of plate, 318”.
virgo, 29°, 60%.
Polystoechotes, 16°.
postica, Neuronia, 14’.

posticalis, Tanypus, see Tanypus
posticalis.

Potamanthus, 23°, 26°.

praecox, Diamesa, see Diamesa
praecox.

348

. praepedita, Leptophlebia, see Lep-

tophlebia praepedita.

prasinus, Chironomus, see Chirono-

mus prasinus.

Prionomyia, 108%, 108%.

priscus, Rhyphus, 77°.

Procladius, 89", 121°, 125°, 125", 125°
27°; key to species, 126°—27* ; ex-
planation of plate, 330*.

adumbratus, 126°, 127’, 132°-33°,
136°, 186°; explanation of plates,
320", 8211. | ;

bellus, 126°, 128°, 1287—29°.

caliginosus, 126°, 131°; explanation
of plate, 325+.

concinnus, 126’, 129°-380”.

flavicinctus, 126°, 182°.

humeralis, 126’, 1807.

nervosus, 158°, 158°, 160? ; explana-
tion of plate, 330°.

occidentalis, 126%, 127°.

pinguis, 1267, 127°, 131°, 183°-34)",
136°; explanation of plates, 320°,
a2on

pusillus, 126°, 128'; explanation
of plate, 325*.

scapularis, 1277, 1384°-85*; explana-
tion of plate, 325+.

thoracicus, 126°, 129°.

tricolor, 126°, 130°-31°.

turpis, 126%. See also Tanypus
(Procladius) turpis.

Prodromus, 106°.

Prosopistoma, 29".

Psamathiomyia, 877, 89%, 113’, 117°-
20.

pectinata, 117';
plate, 328%.

Psychophaena, 94°, 99°, 111°.

pictipennis, 111°.

pubitarsis, Orthocladius, see Ortho-

cladius pubitarsus.

pubitarsus, Tanypus, 135’.

pulchella, Heptagenia, 18".

pulchripennis, Ablabesmyia, see Ab-

labesmyia pulchripennis.
pulchripennis, Chironomus, 191°, 208°,
204".
pulicaris, Culicoides, 101°.

explanation of

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

pumilio, Camptocladius, 259°, 2617
62°.

punctata, Ceratopogon, 101°.

punctipennis, Tanypus, 125°,

155°,
Punkies, 77?. :

| pusillus, Limnophyes, 1667.

pusillus, Procladius, see Procladius
pusillus.

pusio, Tanytarsus, 286°, 291°.

pygmaea, Baetis, 18, 40*.

Rana catesbiana, 8°; summer food
of, at Saranac Inn, by J. G. Need-
ham, 9°-15°; explanation of plate,
3167.

Reaumur, cited, 238°, 314°.

redeuns, Chironomus, 197°, 286°.

Rhithrogena, 24', 277, 533, 587, 54.
elegantula, 59°; explanation of

plate, 317'; figures, 52, 53; ex-
planation of figures, 331°, 331°,
eal repeal ty

Rhyphus priscus, 77°.

Richardson, R. H., mentioned, 309".

Ridley, cited, 314°.

Riley, C. V., acknowledgments to,
76°; cited, 238°, 314°.

riparius, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus riparius.

Ris, cited, 64°.

roeseli, Jolia, 28°.

Rondani, cited, 314°.

rondani, Alasion, 106%.

rostratus, Ceratopogon, 112’.

rudis, Chironomus, 2067.

St Pauli, Telmatogeton, see Telma-
togeton St Pauli.

Sandflies, 77*.

Say, cited, 109°, 109%, 144", 2247, 228%,
253°, 314°.

scalaenus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus scalaenus.

scapularis, Procladius,
dius scapularis.

Scarabaeidae, 13°.

Schiner, cited, 160°, 162*, 1687, 211°,
TAt IBS 253°, 283" 267 ste
305°, 814°.

Scholtz, cited, 314’.

see Procla- —

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Schrank, cited, 314".
Schubaert, cited, 314°.
scirpi, Wulpiella, see Wulpiella scirpi.
scitulus, Hurycnemus, 298", 298°.
Scopelodromus, 91°, 307*-8".
isemerius, 308°.
Scudder, cited, 78°, 314°.
scutellata, Corynoneura, 163°.
Sendelia, 78.
Serromyia, 93°, 99°, 106’, 108°.
setulosa, Bezzia, see Bezzia setulosa.
Sialididae, American, 7‘.
Silfvenius, A. J., cited, 74’.
similis, Chironomus, see Chironomus
similis.
Simuliidae, 76°.
Simulium, 32°.
Siphlurus, 25°, 27°; figure, 20; expla-
nation of figure, 331.
alternatus, 157, 18°, 197.
Sisyra, 16°.
umbrata, 15%.
skokiana, Callibaetis, 18’, 40°.
Skuse, cited, 106°, 108°, 125°, 1257,
ia, 155°, 314°.
Slater, cited, 314°.
Slosson, cited, 245°, 314°.
Smith, cited, 314°.
Smittia, 914, 1717-72°.
brevipennis, 172’.
Snails, 11.
sordens, Orthocladius,
cladius sordens.
sordidellus, Orthocladius, see Ortho-
¢ladius sordidellus.
Spadobius, 16°.
occidentalis, explanation of plate,
316°.
Spaniotoma, 90°, 162°; explanation
of plate, 330°.
bivittata, 162°.
sparsa, Hydroptila, 65°, 66.
spatulata, Hydroptila, see Hydrop-
tila spatulata.
Sphaeromas, 93’, 99°, 107'; explana.
tion of plate, 319%.
argentata, see Ceratopogon
(Sphaeromas) argentata.
argentatus, 107*-8*; explanation
of plates, 320°, 327°.

see Ortho-

dA49

Spiders, 11.

spilopterus, Chironomus see Chiron-
omus spilopterus.

Stactobia, 65°.

Staeger, cited, 139', 158’, 207°, 261’,
262°, 268°, 2837, 306", 314°.

staegeri, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus staegeri.

stellatus, Tanypus, see Tanypus stel-
latus.

Stenoxenidae, 81°.

Stenoxenus, explanation of plate,
329%,

Stephens, cited, 105°, 314°.
stercorarius, Orthocladius,
thocladius stercorarius.
stigmaterus, Chironomus, 197", 241°—

42°,
stigmaticus, Podonomus, 161+.
Stoneflies, 8°.
Stratiomyia badius?, 13°.
Stratiomyidae, 13%.
Swainson, cited, 186’, 315’.
Ssylvaticus, Tanypus, 159°.
sylvaticus, Tanytarsus, 287°.
sylvestris, Cricotopus, see Cricoto-
pus sylvestris.’
Syrphidae, 13’.

see Or-

Tabanidae, 13’.

Tachinidae, 137.

taeniapennis, Chironomus, see Chi-

ronomus taeniapennis.
taenionotus, Chironomus, 194°, 223°-
24°,

Tanypus (group), 121°-79°%, 87°, 88°,

89°, 93°.

Tanypus (genus), 78', 80*, 83°, 83%,
89°, 121°, 140%, 142?, 142° 149",
149% 349%, 1514 15d) 15385; 155%
60°, 178', 306°; key to species,

156".

Sens. str., 125°:

sp., 110°; explanation of plate,
327°.

annulatus, 142°, 144°, 144’, 156°.
annulipes, 161°.

baltimoreus, 156°, 160°,

bellus, 128°.

NEW YORK

Tanypus bicolor, 149°.

choreus, 156’, 159°%-60°.

cinctus, 125°, 155°.

crassinervis, 156°, 158+.

culiciformis, 156*, 156’, 158°-59°,
160° ; explanation of plates, 325°,
oot.

decedens, 138°, 156°.

fasciatus, 159°, 1597.

monilis, 144°

nebulosus, 139%.

nervosus, 134".

plumipes, 135°.

posticalis, 156°, 15'7°-58°; explana-
tion of plate, 330".

punctipennis, 125°, 155°.

stellatus, 156°, 157'; explanation
of plate, 325°.

sylvaticus, 159°.

tenuis, 159°.

tibialis, 156%, 160%.

tricolor, 135°.

(Procladius ?) turpis, 127°, 1357.

varius, 124%.

Tanytarsus, 87’, 88°, 91°, 284°-97°;

key to species, 285'—86".

Sp., 286°, 290*, 297°; explanation
of plates, 322°, 322°.

deflectus, 285°, 2867, 288'; explana-
tion of plates, 3227, 326°.

dissimilis, 285°, 285°, 286%, 286°,
292*-93°; explanation of
plates, 324°, 327°.
var. a, 285°.

dives, 285°, 285°, 2867, 288°—90';
explanation of plates, 324°—25',
326°, 327°.

exiguus, 226°, 285°, 285*, 286’, 2937,
293°, 294'-96°; explanation of
plates, 3257, 327°.

fatigans, 286%. 292'; explanation
of plate, 326°.

flavellus, 286’, 296°-97°; explana-
tion of plate, 326°.

fulvescens, 286°, 293°-94'; expla-
nation of plate, 326°.

gmundensis, 285°, 285°, 287°; ex-
planation of plate, 326°.

STATE

MUSEUM

Tanytarsus junci, 286°, 290°-915.
muticus, 286°, 294'; explanation of
plate, 326°.
nigripilus, 2858, 28°73,
obediens, 285°, 286°-87°; explana-
tion of plate, 326°.
pusio, 286%, 291°.
sylvaticus, 287°.
tenuis, 286°, 296°.
Taylor, cited, 273°, 315".
Telmatogeton, 88’, 90°, 93%, 94’, 168*—
691,
alaskensis, 169', 169°.
St Pauli, 1682, 168°; explanation of
plate, 328%.
tendens, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus tendens. 2
tenellus, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus tenellus.
tentans, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus tentans.
tenuis, Tanypus, 159°.
tenuis, Tanytarsus, 286°, 296°.
ternarius, Bombus, 13%.
Ternipus, 160°.
Tersesthes, 92', 94°, 95’*-96*.
torrens, 96*; explanation of plate,
S28
tetensii, Orthotrichia, 69°, 75°.
Tetragoneuria, 12 ae
Tetraphora, 94°, 99°, 111°; explana-
tion of plate, 330°.
fusea, 11%
Text figures, legenda to, 331’.
Thalassomyia, 88, 91°, 182°-86',
307°; key to species, 183°.
congregata, 88’, 182°, 183', 308°.
frauenfeldi, 182°, 186°, 308°; expla-
nation of plate, 328".
fusca, 887, 174°, 225%, 2715, 308%;
explanation of plate, 326. __
obscura, 182°, 183°, 184'-85°, —
platypus, 183°, 185°-86",
Theobald, cited, 186*, 315’.
thoracicus, Procladius, 126°, 129%.
tibialis, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia tibialis.
tibialis, Tanypus, 156%, 160°.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 351

Pipula, 142° 158°, 201°, 212°, 218%,
gee ae 251, 262, 216', 283.
arundineti, 149°.
cantans, 218°.
littoralis, 218’.
maculatus, 142’.
? virens, 230°.
Tipulid larva, 8°.
Tipulidae, 13°.
Tipulids, 81’.
Tomosvary, cited, 182°, 315’.
torrens, Tersesthes, see Tersesthes
torrens. |
Tortricids, 178’.
Townsend, cited, 101°, 102*, 315°.
Treat, cited, 315’.
tremulus, Cricotopus, 252°, 252'—-53?.
triannulatus, Chironomus, 258".
trichomerus, Chironomus, 199°, 248°.
Trichoptera, 8, 11, 12°, 14.
trichopterus, Forcipomyia, 100°, 101°.
tricinctus, Chironomus, 253".
tricolor, Procladius, 126°, 180°-81°.
tricolor, Tanypus, 135’.
Tricorythus, 49’.
trifasciatus, Cricotopus, see Crico-
topus trifasciatus.
tristis, Chironomus, 213°.
Tubipex, 123°.
turpis, Procladius, 126°.
turpis, Tanypus (Procladius), 127°,
135".
tutatrix, Hemerobius, see Hemero-
bius tutatrix.

Ulmer, cited, 697, 295', 315°.
umbrata, Sisyra, 15+.
unicolor, Chironomus, 199".
unicolor, Euryenemus, 298",
unicornis, Ephemerella, 45°.
unimaculatus, Chasmatonotus,. 166’,
Lei 167°.
univittatus,
167%.
ursinus, Metriocnemus, 3017, 304*—5’.

299".

Chasmatonotus, 166°.

Van der Wulp, cited, 140*, 170*, 182’,
erie, 216°, 216", 218°, 227°, 2327,
244°, 244°, 255, 256°, 2617, 262°, 297°,
298°, 3007, 304*, 305°, 315°.

Van Duzee, E. P., mentioned, 30°.

Vaney, cited, 315*.

varia, Ephemera, 18”. _

variabilis, Chironomus, 272°.

variabilis, "Hexagenia, 18’.

variabilis, Orthocladius, 273".

varipennis, Chironomus, 190%, 2017.

varipes, Cricotopus, see -Cricotopus
varipes.

varius, Tanypus, 124+.

Vayssiere, cited, 18', 20°.

velutinus, Camptocladius,
263'—64',

venusta, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia venusta.

venustus, Chironomus, 241°.

Verloren, cited, 315*.

vernalis, Chironomus, 243%.

vernus, Chironomus, 291’.

Verrall cited: 117315".

Vespa diabolica, 13°.

vibratorius, Chironomus, 258'.

viminalis, Oxyethira, see Oxyethira
viminalis.

Vinen, cited, 315*.

violacea, Argia, 14°.

? virens, Tipula, 230°.

virescens, Chironomus, 190*.

virgo, Polymitarcys, 297, GO.

viridicollis, Chironomus, see Chiron-
omus viridicollis.

viridipes, Chironomus, 211°.

viridis, Chironomus, 195°, 2271, 230".

vitiosus, Ceratopogon, 104°.

Von Grimm, cited, 312'.

von Waldheim, Fisher, cited, 315'.

vulneratus, Chironomus, 230°.

2602,

Wagener, cited, 315°.

waldheimii, Chironomus, 241°.

Walker, cited, 109*, 110', 232°, 245°
245°, 246°, 246°, 2477, 247% 247%, 2478,
248), 248*, 248°, 248°, 267", 299°, 315°,

walkeri, Ephemerella, 43°.

Walsh; cited; 187, 31’.

waltli, Diamesa, see
waltlii.

Wassmann, cited, 315°.

Water skaters, 14’.

Diamesa

doz

Weith, R. J., acknowledgments to,
19°; mentioned, 30°, 43°, 47°.
Weltner, cited, 315°.
Westcott, O. S., specimens obtained
by, 10
Westwood, cited, 315°.
Weyenbergh, cited, 111°, 190%, 2121,
PUG PAS* S15.
White-gloved howdy, 31°36.
Wiedemann, cited, 242%, 315°.
Willemoes-Suhm, cited, 3157.
Williston, cited, 172,822 152% 238"
200 ; 23b°, 286%, 258°, 258% 315"
willistoni, Chironomus, 196’, 235".

NEW YORK STATE

MUSEUM

Winnertz, cited, 112’, 315°.
Wulp, see Van der Wulp.
Wulpiella, 87°, 90", 164'-65°.
scirpi, 164°; explanation of plate,
o2e

Xylocrypta, 93', 104°.
Young, D. B., mentioned, 30°, 36".
Zeller, cited, 315°.

Zetterstedt, cited, 77°, 215°,

21 LON’, ZOO) OUD sailors
zonulus, Chironomus, 211’.

244’,

New York State Education Department
New York State Museum

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{ ]. All publications are in paper covers, unless binding is specified.

Museum annual reports 1847-date. All in print to 1892, 50c a volume, 75c in
cloth; 1892-date, 75c, cloth.

These reports are made up of the reports of the direct r, ge logist, paleontologist, botanist and
entomologist, and museum bulletins and memoirs, issued as advance sections of the reports.

Geologist’s annual reports 1881-date. Rept’s 1, 3-13, 17-date, O; 2, 14-16, Q.

The annual reports of the early natural history survey, 1837-41 are out of print.

Reports 1-4, 1881-84 were published only in separate form. Of the 5th report 4 pages were
reprinted in the ,oth museum report, and a supplement to the ¢th report was included in the goth
museum report. The 7th and subsequent reports are included in the 41st and following museum
reports, except that certain lithographic plates in the 11th report (1851) and 13th (183) are owitted
from the 45th and 47th museum reports.

Separate volumes of the following only are available.

Report Price Report Price Report Price

12 (1892) $. 50 17 $.75 21 $.40

14 75 18 “75 22 .40

15, 2V. 2 Ig .40 23 In press
16 I 20 .50

In 1898 the paleontologic work of the S:ate was made distinct from the geologic and was
reported separately from 1899-1g03. The two departments were reunited in 1904.

Paleontologist’s annual reports 1899-1903.

See fourth note under Geologist’s annual reports

Bound also with museum reports of which they forma part. Reports for 1899 and rg00 may be
had for zoc each. Those for 1a01-3 were issued as bulletins. In rq04 c»mbined with geologist’s
report.

Entomologist’s annual reports on the injurious and other insects of the
State of New York 1882-date.

Reports 3-19 bound also with museum reports 40-16, 48-57 of which they form a part. Since
1898 these reports have been issued as bulletins. Reports 3-4 are out of print, other reports with
prices ate:

Report Price Report Price Report Price
I $.50 9 $.25 15(En 9) $.15
2 30 10 -30 16 ( 1G") 25
5 .25 11 25 Ty Cree a tA) ao
6 ios 12 25 18 (by 7) eo
7 .20 13 .10 ie) (CE are) Sag
8 +25 cal (UB NVIS)) a 20 In press

Reports 2, 8-12 may also be obtained bound crete in cloth at 25c in addition to the price
given above.

Botanist’s annual reports 1867-date.

Bound also. with museum reports 21-date of which they forma part; the first botanist’s report
appeared in the 2rst museum report and is numbered 2t. ‘Reports 21-24, 29, 31-41 Were not pub-
lished separately.

Separate reports 25-28, 30, 42-50 and 52 (Botany 3) are out of print. Report 51 may be had for
40C; 53 for 20c; 54 for 50c. Since the 55th these reports have been issued as bulletins.

Descriptions and illustrations of edible, poisonous and unwholesome fungi of New York have
been published in volumes r and 3 of the 48th museum report and in volume 1 of the goth, srst,
52d, sath and ssth reports. The descriptions and illustrations of edible and unwholesome species
contained in the goth, 5 st and 52d reports have been revised and rearranged, and, combined with
others more recently prepared, constitute Museum memoir 4.

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

Museum bulletins 1887-date. O. To advance subscribers, $2 a year or 50¢
a year for those of any one division: (1) geology, economic geology, miner-
alogy, (2) general zoology, archeology and miscellaneous, (3) paleontology,
(4) botany, (5) entomology.

Bulletins are also found with the annual reports of the museum as follows:

Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report

Gir 48, V.1 Pat AR EVeL En 7-9 53, ven Arians 52, Vr

2 51, V.r 23 SUS 1) 2 An WV 4 54, V.1

5 52, Var 4 eee SY ma eae 5 SaeevES

4 54, V.4 By On Son Vek Pasi gy os. UiNed 6 55, V-4

5 59, V.I 7-8 56, V.2 14 55, V.1 i 56, V.4

Der (ee yen i, 3 Ba, Wen Te=10() (564 ves Ms 7, 2 eve
7 Os Vink 4 54, Wat Bo 3 £2, V.I
8 Fal \yiaae 5-7 eWwaS 4 sly Wink Memotr

9 54, V.2 8 ee 5 55, V.r

IO V.3 fo) 56, V.3 6 56, V.4 49, V.3

II 56, V.I En 3 48, V.t ANP i 50, V.1r Ba Sea ice
M 2 Gore yaar 4-6 52, Ver 2 Ri, Watt

The figures in parenthesis indicate the bulletin’s number as a New York State Museum bulletin.

Geology. G1 (14) Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Town-
ships, Essex Co. N. Y., with notes on the iron mines. 38p.-7pl. 2 maps.
Sep. 1895. 0c.

G2 (19) Merrill, F: J. H. Guide to the Study of the Geological Collections
of the New York State Museum. r162p. 119pl. map. Nov. 1898. [5oc]

G3 (21) Kemp, J. F. Geology of the Lake Placid Region. 24p. ipl. map.
Sep. 1808. 5c.

G4 (48) Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of Nassau County and
Borough of Queens. sép. il opl, map. = Wee acon. 256

G5 (56) Merrill, F: J. H. Description of the State Geologic Map of Igor.
4ep. 2 maps, tap. « Oct, 1602.5 10G-

G6 (77) Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Vicinity of Little Falls, Herkimer
Co. o8p; il spl. 2 maps: > Jan. eos. soc

Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of the Mooers Quadrangle. In press.

Ancient Water Levels of the Champlain and Hudson Valleys. In
press.

Cushing, H. P. Geology of the Northeast Adirondack Region. Jn press.

Ogilvie, I. H. Geology of the Paradox Lake Quadrangle. In press.

Economic geology. Egl (3) Smock, J: C. Building Stone in the State of
New York. 152p. Mar. 1888. Out of print.

Eg2 (7) —— First Report on the Iron Mines and Iron Ore Districts in
the State of New York. 6+70p. map. June 1889. Out of print.
Eg3 (10) —— Building Stone in New York. 210p. map, tab. Sep. 1890.

40C.

Eg4 (11) Merrill, F: J. H. Salt and Gypsum Industries of New York. gap.
T2pl.-2 Maps, (ly taba espe Loe ee Sor

Egs5 (12) Ries, Heinrich. Clay Industries of New York. 174p. 2pl. map.
Mar. 1895. 30c.

Eg6 (15) Merrill, F: J. H. Mineral Resources of New York. 224p.
2 maps. Sep. 1895. [50c]

Eg? (17) Road Materials and Road Building in New York. 52p. 14pl.
2 maps 34x45, 68x92 cm. Oct. 1897. 5c.
Maps separate 70c each, two for I5c.

Eg8 (30) Orton, Edward. Petroleum and Natural Gas in New York. 1236p.
il. 3 maps. Nov. 1899. 5c.

Eg9 (35) Ries, Heinrich. Clays of New York; their Properties and Uses.
4506p. 140pl. map. June 1900. $1, cloth. .

Egl0 (44) —— Lime and Cement Industries in New York; Eckel, E. C.
Chapters on the Cement Industry. 332p. roIpl. 2 maps. Dec. toon
&5c, cloth.

Egil (61) Dickinson, H. T. Quarries of Bluestone and other Sandstones
in New York. 108p. 18pl. 2 maps. Mar. 1903. 5c.

Egi2 (85) Rafter, G: W. Hydrology of New York State. goz2p. il. 4a4pl.
5 maps. May 1905. $1.50, cloth.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Mineralogy. M1 (4) Nason, F. L.. Some New York. Minerals and their
Localities. 20p. Ipl. Aug. 1888. [roc]

M2 (58) Whitlock, H. P. Guide to the Mineralogic Collections of the New
York State Museum. 150p. il. 39pl. 11 models. Sep. 1902. 4o0c.

M3 (70) —— New York Mineral Localities. .110p. Sep. 1903. 20¢.

Paleontology. Pal (34) Cumings, E. R. Lower Silurian System of East-
ern Montgomery County; Prosser, C:S. Notes on the Stratigraphy of
Mohawk Valley and Saratoga County, N. Y. 74p. 1opl. map. May

1900. I5¢.
Pa2 (39) Clarke, J: M.; Simpson, G. B.-& Loomis, F: B. Paleontologic
Papets 1. 72p. il. 16pl. Oct.-1900. I5c.

Contents: Clarke, J: M. A Remarkable-Occurrence of Orthoceras in the Oneonta Beds of
the Chenango Valley, N. Y

—Paropsonema cryptophya; a peculiar Echinoderm from the Intumescens-zone (Portage
Beds) of Western New York.

—Dictyonine Hexactinellid Sponges from the Upper Devonic of New York.

— The Water Biscuit of Squaw Island, Canandaigua Lake, N. Y.

Simpson, G: B. Preliminary Descriptions of New Genera of Paleozoic Rugose Corals,

Loomis, F:B. Siluric Fungi from Western New York.

Pa4 (45) Grabau, A. W. Geology and Paleontology of Niagara Falls and
Vicinity. 2806p. il. 18pl. map. Ap. 1901. 65c; cloth, goc.

Pad (49) Ruedemann, Rudolf; Clarke, J: M. & Wood, Elvira. Paleon-
tologic Papers 2. 240p. 13pl. Dec. 1901. 4oc.

Contents: Ruedemann, Rudolf. Trenton Conglomerate of Rysedorph Hill.

Clarke, J: M: Limestones of Central and Western New York Interbedded with Bituminous
Shales of the Marcellus Stage.

Wood, Elvira. Marcellus Limestones of Lancaster, Erie Co. N. Y.

Clarke, J: M. New Agelacrinites.

— Value of Amnigenia as an Indicator of Fresh-water Deposits during the Devonic of New
York, Ireland and the Rhineland.

Pa6 (52) Clarke, J: M. Report of the State Paleontologist 1901. 28op. il.
gpl. map, I tab. July 1902. 40c.

Pa? (63) —— Stratigraphy of Canandaigua and Naples Quadrangles.
78p. map. June 1904. 25¢.

Pa8 (65) —— Catalogue of Type Specimens of Paleozoic Fossils in the New
York State Museum. 848p. May 1903. $1.20, cloth.

Pa9 (69) —— Report of the State Paleontologist 1902. 464p. 52pl. 8 maps.
Nov. 1903. $1, cloth.

Pald . —— Report of the State Paleontologist 1903. 3096p. 2opl. map.

Feb. 1905. &85c, cloth.

Pall (81) —— & Luther, D. D. Watkins and Elmira Quadrangles. 32p.
map. Mar. 1905. 25c.

Pal2 (82) —— Geologic Map of the Tully Quadrangle. 4op. map. Ap. 1905.
200.

Grabau, A. W. Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of the Schoharie
Region. In press.
Ruedemann, Rudolf. Cephalopoda of Beekmantown and Chazy Formations
- of Champlain Basin. In preparation.

Zoology. Z1 (1) Marshall, W: B. Preliminary List of New York Unioni-
aac. 2op.. Mar. 1892. 5¢.
Z2 (9) —— Beaks of Unionidae Inhabiting the Vicinity of Albany, N. Y.
24p. Ipl. Aug. 1890. Joc.
Z3 o Milles, G G S. jr. Preliminary List of New York Mammals. 124p.
ct. I .
Z4 (33) Farr, M. °S. Check List of New York Birds. 224p. Ap. 1900. 25c.
Z5 (38) Miller, G. S. jr. Key to the Land Mammals of Northeastern North
America. 106p. Oct. 2100.2 T65e.
Z6 (40) Simpson, G: B. Anatomy and Physiology of Polygyra albolabris
ae Limax maximus and Embryology of Limax maximus. 82p. 28pl.
GE 2OOL. 25¢.
Z7 (43) ae J. L. Clam and Scallop Industries of New York. 36p.
2pl. Pip, LOOTN IOs:
Z8 (51) Bekel, E. C. & Paulmier, F. C. Catalogue of Reptiles and Esker
ians of New York. 64p. il. ipl. Ap. 1902. I5¢.

Eckel, E.C. Serpents of Northeastern United States °
Paulmier, F. C. Lizards, Tortoises and Batrachians of |NewJ York,

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

ZO ee Beas pas Catalogue of the Fishes of New York. 784p. Feb.
, clot
Z10 @) ree J. L. Feeding Habits and Growth of Venus mercenaria.
Apl. -Sép.- 1903," Z6c.

Z11 (88) es Elizabeth J. Check List of New York Mollusca. z4p.
May 1905. 20¢.

Paulmier, F. C. Higher Crustacea of New York City. In press.

Eaton, E. H. Birds of New York. In preparation.

Entomology. Enl (5) Lintner, J. A. White Grub of the May Beetle. 32p.
i “Ney.-1888. . 70a

En2 (6) —— Cut-worms. 36p. il.. Nov. 1888. soc.

En8 (18) —— San José Scale and Some Destructive Insects of New York
State. 54p. 7pl. Ap. 1805: 5c.

En4 (20) Felt, E. P. Elm-leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. spl.
June 18908. 5c.

See Ents.
En5 (23) —— 14th Report of the State Entomologist 1898. 15op. il. gpl.
Dec. 1808. 20¢.
En6 (24) —— Memorial of the Life and Entomologic Work of J. A. Lint-

ner Ph.D. State Entomologist 1874-98; Index to Entomologist’s Re-
ports, 1-83. -3n0p.. Epl.. \Oct e690: 5c:
Supplement to 14th report of the state entomologist.
En? (26) Collection, Preservation and Distribution of New York In-
sects. 36p. il. Ap. 1899. Sc.
En8 (27) —— Shade Tree Pests in New York State. 26p. il. spl. May

1899. 5c.
En9 (31) —— isth Report of the State Entomologist 1899. 128p. June

1900. I5c.

En10 (36) —— 16th Report of the State Entomologist 1900. 118p. 16pl.
Mar. I90I. 25c¢.

Enll (37) —— Catalogue of Some of the More Important Injurious and
Beneficial Insects of New York State. 54p. il. Sep. 1900. Joc.

Enl2 (46) —— Scale Insects of Importance and a List of the Species in
New York State. 340 il. r5pl. June Igor. 25c.

Enl3 (47) Needham, J. G. & Betten, Cornelius. Aquatic Insects in the
Adirondacks. 234p. il. 36pl. Sep. 1g01. 45c.

Enl4 (53) Felt, E. P. .17th Report of the State Entomologist 1901. 232p.
il. 6pl. Aug. 1902. 30.

En15 (37) —— Elm Leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il. Spl. Aug.
1902, IS5c.

This is a revision of Eny containing the more essential facts observed since that was prepared.

Enl6 (59) Grapevine Root Worm. 4op. 6pl. Dec. 1902. r5c.
See Enrog. :
En17 eo — 18th Report of the State Entomologist 1902. r1op. 6pl.

3. 20C;
sce ste) Needham, J. G. & others. Aquatic Insects in New York. 322p.
1. Aug. 1903. Soc, cloth.
Enld 72) Felt, f. P, Grapevine Root Worm. 58p. 13pl. Nov. 1903. 20¢.
This is a revision of Enr6 containing the more essential facts observed since that was prepared.
En20 (74) & Joutel: Laake: Monograph of the Genus Saperda. 88p.
14pl. June 1904. 25c.
Re ie Felt, E. P. 19th Report of the State Entomologist 1903. 15op.
904. 5c.
Ena “G9) con Auras or Culicidae of New York. 164p. il. 57pl. Oct.

En23 (86) Nextag) J. G. & others. May Flies and Midges of New York.
3t2p, “il. 37pl.. soc, cloth,

Felt, E. P. 20th Report of the State Entomologist 1904. In press.

Botany. Bol (2) Peck, C: H. Contributions to the Botany of the State of
New York. 66p. 2pl. May 1887. Out of print.

Bo2 (8) Boleti of the United States. o96p. Sep. 1889. [50c]

Bos (25) —— Report of the State Botanist 1898. 76p. spl. Oct. 1800
Out of print.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Bo4 (28) —— Plants of North Elba. 206p. map. June 1899. 200.

Bod (54) —— Report of the State Botanist 1901. 58p. 7pl. Nov. 1902. 40¢.

Bo6 (67) —— Report of the State Botanist 1902. 1960p. 5pl. May 1903.
5OC.

Bo? (75) —— Report of the State Botanist 1903. 7op. 4pl. 1904. 40c.

— Report of the State Botanist 1904. Jn press.

Archeology. Arl (16) Beauchamp, W: M. Aboriginal Chipped Stone Im-
plements of New York. 86p. 23pl. Oct. 1897. 25c.

Ar2 (18) —— Polished Stone Articles used by the New York Aborigines.
1o4p. 35pl. Nov. 1897. 25¢c.

Ar3 (22) —— Earthenware of the New York Aborigines. 78p. 33pl. Oct.
feGe, 250.

_ Ar4 (32) —— Aboriginal Occupation of New York. 19o0p. 16pl. 2 maps.
Mar. 1900. 30c.

Ar5 (41) —— Wampum and Shell Articles used by New York Indians.

166p. 28pl. Mar. 1901. 30c.

Ar6 (50) Horn and Bone Implements of the New York Indians. 112p.
43pl. Mar. 1902. 30c.

Ar? (55) Metallic Implements of the New York Indians. g4p. 38pl.
June 1902. 25¢.

Ars (73) —— Metallic Ornaments of the New York Indians. 122p. 37pl.
Dee. 1903. 30¢.

Ar9 (78) —— History of the New York Iroquois. 340p. 17pl. map. Feb.
1905. 75c, cloth.

Arl0 (87) —— Perch Lake Mounds. 84p. t2pl.° Ap. 1905. 200.

—— Aboriginal Use of Wood in New York. In press.

Miscellaneous. Msl (62) Merrill, F: J. H. Directory of Natural History
Museums in United States and Canada. 236p. Ap. 1903. 30c.

Ms2 (66) Ellis, Mary. Index to Publications of the New York State Nat-
ural History Survey and New York State Museum 1837-1902. 418p.
June 1903. 75c, cloth.

Museum memoirs 1889-date. Q.

1 Beecher, C: E. & Clarke, J: M. Development of some Silurian Brachi-
opoda. 96p. 8pl. Oct. 1889. Out of print.

2 Hall, James & Clarke, J: M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 350p. il. 7opl.
1808. $1, cloth.

3 Clarke, J: M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co.
Ne Y= 1128p. opl. Oct. 1900. - Soc:

4 Peck, C: H. N. Y. Edible Fungi, 1895-99. 1106p. 25pl. Nov. 1900. 75c.

This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the 4gth, 51st and sed
reports of the state botanist.

5 Clarke, J: M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna of
New York State. 1096p. 21pl. July 1903. $1.50, cloth.
6 —— Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pl. map. $2, cloth.
@ Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt 1 Graptolites of the
Lower Beds. 350p. t7pl. Feb. 1905. $1.50, cloth.

Felt E. P. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. Im press.

Clarke, J: M. Early Devonic of Eastern New York. In preparation.

Natural history of New York. 3ov. il. pl. maps. Q. Albany 1842-94.

DIVISION I zooLOGY. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The
New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals
hitherto observed within the State of New York with brief notices of
those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropri-
ate illustrations. 5v. il. pl. maps. sq. Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print.
Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W: H. Seward. 178p.

v. 2pt2 Birds. 12+380p. 141pl. 1844.
Colored plates.

v. 3 pt3 Reptiles and Amphibia. 7+98p. pt4 Fishes. 15+415p. 1842.

pt3-4 bound together,

MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS

v. Wine oe to accompany v. 3. Reptiles and Amphibia 23pl. Fishes 7gpl._
I
300 copies with hand-colored plates. :

v. 5 ptS Mollusca. 4+271p. gopl. pt6 Crustacea. 7op. iI3pl. 1843-44.
Hand-colored plates: pts—6 bound together. : i

DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; com-
prising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hith-
erto discovered in the State, with remarks on their economical and med-
ical properties. 2v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1843. Out of print.

v. I Flora of the State of New York. 12+484p. 7apl. 1843.

300 copies with hand-colored plates.

v. 2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843.
300 copies with hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 3° MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; com-
prising detailed descriptions of the. minerals hitherto found in the State
of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl.
sq:'Q: Albany 1842. Out of print.

Vv. nee Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p.
1842.

8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text.

DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W: W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lard-
ner & Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4yv. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
1842-43. Out of print.

v. I ptr Mather, W: W. First Geological District. 37+653p. 46pl. 1843.

v. 2 pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10+437p. I7pl.

Wel iale oe

v. 3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 306p. 1842.

v. 4 pt4 Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 221t683p. tIgpl. map.
1843.

DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York;
comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution
of the soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological
formations, together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agri-
ae productions of the State. 5v. il’ pl. sq. QO. Albany 1846-54. Out
of print.

v. 0 Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11+371p. 21pl.
1846.

v. 2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46p. 4a2pl. 1840.
With hand-colored plates.

v. 3. Fruits, etc. 8+340p. 1851.

v. 4 Plates to accompany v. 3. 9g5pl. 1851.
Hand-colored. :

v. 5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8+272p. sopl. 1854.
With hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. By.
il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth.

v. t Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System.
23+338p. oopl. 1847. Out of print.

v. 2. Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.
8362p. ro04pl. 1852. Out of print.

v. 3 Organic Remains of the Lower Saas es Group and the aon
. Sandstone. pti,.text. 12+532p. 1859. [$3.50]

—— pt2, 143pl. 1861., [$2.50] .

v. 4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and
Chemung Groups. 11+1+428p. ogpl. 1867. $2.50.

v. 5 ptt Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper eee
Hamilton and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45pl. 1884. $2.50.

—— —— Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Eiaae
ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62h293p. 51pl. 1885. $2.50.

—— pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder-
berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text.
15+4902p. Vv. 2, T20pl. $2.50 for 2 v.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

v.6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamil-
ton Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50.

y. 7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64+236p. 46pl. 1888.
Cont. supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida.
42p. 18pl. 1888. $2.50. ;

v. 8 ptr Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachi-
opoda. 16+367p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50.

— pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+394p. 84pl. 1804. $2.50.

Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and
of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242p. O.

1853.
Handbooks 1893-date. 734x124 cm.
In quantities, r cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below.
H5 New York State Museum. 52p. il. 4c.
Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff 1902.
H13 Paleontology. 12p. 2c.
Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition; Relation to
biology ; Relation to stratigraphy ; History of paleontology in New York.
H15 Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.
I24p. 8c.

Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially
for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the
classic rocks of the State,

H16 Entomology. 16p. 2¢.

H17 Economic Geology. 44p. 4c.

H18 Insecticides and Fungicides. 20p. 3c.

H19 Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. 3c.

Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New
York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th Museum Report,
w=. 50x67 cm. 1804 Scale 14 milesto1rinch. 5c.

— Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. Jn atlas
form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheets 6oc.

The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Put-
nam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and Nassau counties, and parts of Sulli-
van, Ulster and Suffolk counties ; also northeastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut.
Map of New York showing the Surface Configuration and Water

Sheds. 1901. Scale 12 miles to 1 inch. 5c.

Geologic maps on the United States Geological Survey topographic base;
scale I in. =1 m. Those marked with an asterisk have also been pub-
lished separately.

- *Albany county. Mus. rep’t 49, v. 2. 1808. 50c.

Area around Lake Placid. Mus. bul. 21. 1808.

Vicinity .of Frankfort Hill [parts of Herkimer and Oneida counties].
Mus. rep’t 51, v. I. 1899.

Rockland county. State geol. rep’t 18. 1890.

Amsterdam quadrangle. Mus. bul. 34. 1900.

*Parts of Albany and Rensselaer counties. Mus. bul. 42. 1901. Joc.

*Niagara River. Mus. bul. 45. 1901. 25¢.

Part of Clinton county. State geol. rep’t 19. 1901.

Oyster Bay and Hempstead quadrangles on Long Island. Mus. bul. 48.
IQOI.

Portions of Clinton and Essex counties. Mus. bul. 52. 1902.

- Part of town of Northumberland, Saratoga co. State geol. rep’t 21. 1903.

Union Springs, Cayuga county and vicinity. Mus. bul. 69. 1903.

*Olean quadrangle. Mus. bul. 69. 1903. Joc.

Becraft Mt with 2 sheets of sections. (Scale 1 ins =%m.). Mus. bul.

f*1903; 20C.

*Canandaigua-Naples quadrangles. Mus. bul. 63. 1904. 200.

*Little Falls quadrangle. Mus. bul. 77. 1905. r5c.

*Watkins-Elmira quadrangle. Mus. bul. 81. 1905. 200.

*Tully quadrangle. Mus. bul. 82. 1905. Joc.

*Salamanca quadrangle. Mus. bul. 80. 1905. Joc.

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