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FOR  THE  PEOPLE 
FOR  EDVCATION 
FOR  SCIENCE 


LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  AMERICAN  MUSEUM 

OF 

NATURAL  HISTORY 


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BULLETIN 


OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


Vol.  XL1V 


1949 


EDITED  BY 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

JOSEPH  C.  BEQUAERT 
GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 


EDWIN  W.  TEALE 


BUSINESS  PRESS,  INC. 
LANCASTER,  PA. 


BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

BROOKLYN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY 


Vol.  XLIV  February,  1949  No.  1 


THREE  NEW  CICINDELIDAE  FROM  SOUTH  TEXAS 
WITH  COLLECTING  NOTES  ON  OTHER 
CICINDELIDAE  (COLEOPTERA)1 

By  George  B.  Vogt,  University  of  Maryland, 

College  Park,  Maryland. 

The  following  report  deals  with  the  Cicindelidae  collected  by 
the  writer  during  1946  and  1947  in  the  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley 
and  vicinity,  Texas.  For  liberal  advice  and  encouragement  in  the 
preparation  of  this  paper  the  writer  is  especially  indebted  to  Dr. 
M.  A.  Cazier  of  the  American  Museum.  The  writer  also  extends 
his  heartfelt  thanks  to  the  authorities  at  the  U.  S.  National  Mu¬ 
seum  who  have  been  most  cooperative  in  making  available  for  study 
the  collections  of  that  institution  which  in  addition  to  being  almost 
completely  representative  of  the  described  forms  of  the  United 
States  and  Mexico  are  rich  in  material  determined  by  Walther 
Horn. 

In  interpreting  the  records  that  follow,  some  idea  of  the  extent 
and  frequency  of  the  collecting  may  be  desirable.2  The  shores  of 
the  Rio  Grande  southwest  of  Mission  were  visited  on  the  following 
dates  during  1946:  January  20  and  26,  March  10,  May  18,  June 
23,  July  6  and  14,  August  2,  and  December  1.  Collecting  at  Boca 
Chica  along  the  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  was  limited  to  three 

1  Scientific  Article  No.  A223,  Contribution  No.  2146  of  the 
Maryland  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  (Department  of  Ento¬ 
mology). 

2  For  further  details  on  the  collecting  localities  see  "A  Biologi¬ 
cally  Annotated  List  of  the  Buprestidae  of  the  Lower  Rio  Grande 
Valley,  Texas”  (In  press)  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Societv 
of  America. 


2  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v ol .  XLIT 


visits  on  July  7  and  13  and  October  19,  1946.  The  mesquite  and 
hackberry  forests  along  the  Rio  Grande  flood  plain  southwest  of 
Mission  were  visited  almost  weekly  during  1946.  In  1947  col¬ 
lecting  was  devoted  largely  to  the  brush  in  the  uplands  of  Starr 
County,  with  a  trip  being  made  almost  every  week  end.  The  lights 
about  Pharr  were  visited  at  least  twice  weekly  during  1946  and  1947. 

In  general,  the  frequency  of  the  resulting  collections  indicates 
that  the  riparial  and  Gulf  coastal  forms  have  a  wide  seasonal  dis¬ 
tribution  with  significant  populations  existing  during  the  summer 
and  fall.  The  dry  land  forms  seem  to  appear  only  during  the  fall 
and  winter,  with  the  exception  of  Cicindela  lemniscata  Lee.  which 
may  not  be  altogether  a  dry  land  form.  The  occurrence  of  the 
Megacephala  arouses  no  comment. 

Megacephala  (Tetracha)  affinis  angustata  Chevr. 

Not  uncommon  on  ground  about  lights  in  Pharr  especially  dur¬ 
ing  May  and  June  and  then  again  in  September. 

Megacephala  (Tetracha)  Carolina  Linn. 

One  specimen  at  light  in  Pharr,  October  2,  1946. 

Cicindela  scutellaris  unicolor  Dej. 

On  November  30,  1946  this  sub-species  was  found  in  small  num¬ 
bers  in  the  extensive  sandy  meadowlands  between  the  ranges  of 
sand  hills  five  miles  east  of  San  Perlita,  Willacy  County.  These 
beetles  were  usually  seen  on  the  sand  piles  at  the  entrances  of 
pocket  gopher  holes.  Again  on  January  25,  1947  when  a  second 
trip  was  made  to  the  sand  hill  region  this  sub-species  was  found 
occasionally  under  similar  circumstances  thirty  miles  north  of 
Raymondsville. 

Cicindela  nigrocoerulea  subsp.  subtropica  subsp.  nov. 

Smaller  but  of  same  form  as  C.  nigrocoerulea  Lee.  varying  from 
immaculate  to  maculate. 

Female.  Head  across  the  eyes  wider  than  pronotum ;  bare  except 
for  two  ocular  setae,  coarsely  striate,  impunctate ;  clypeus  and 
genae  bare  ;  labrum  wide,  bardly  produced  medially,  with  three  uni¬ 
form  small-sized  teeth,  and  white  narrowly  margined  with  black ; 
palpi  piceous,  maxillary  sparsely  hairy,  second  segment  of  labial 
densely  hairy  and  pale-colored ;  mandibles  tridentate,  shining  black 
with  white  base ;  antennae  bluish  piceous,  first,  third,  and  fourth 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  3 


segments  with  a  few  prominent  terminal  setae,  the  latter  two  with 
median  setae. 

Pr ono turn  black,  sericeous,  bare,  except  for  sparse  closely  ap- 
pressed  hairs  at  the  sides,  little  wider  than  long ;  side  margins 
rounded  and  slightly  narrowed  at  base,  widest  at  apical  fourth ; 
apical  and  basal  transverse  impressions  deep,  median  longitudinal 
impression  indicated,  with  transverse  grooves  extending  therefrom  ; 
surface  granulate. 

Elytra  black  sericeous,  very  sparsely,  obsoletely  punctate ;  sur¬ 
face  finely  granulate,  sericeous  with  a  row  of  shallow  foveolae  along 
the  suture  and  a  few  along  the  humeral  impression ;  sides  gradually 
widening  to  middle,  then  subparallel  to  apical  third,  then  evenly 
rounded  to  apex ;  apical  margins  not  serrulate ;  markings  consist  of 
minute  humeral  and  posthumeral  dots,  a  middle  band  indicated  by 
anterior  and  posterior  spots,  and  a  narrow  apical  lunule. 

Beneath  black  with  faint  bluish  reflections ;  sides  sparsely  covered 
with  rather  short  white  hairs  which  are  recumbent  except  for  the 
erect  hairs  on  the  sides  of  the  prothorax ;  surface  minutely  granu- 
lose ;  legs  with  tibiae  greenish  black  and  tarsi  violaceous ;  anterior 
coxae  covered  with  long  white  pile,  femora  and  tibiae  sparsely 
clothed  with  short  suberect  white  hair.  Length  10.9  mm.,  width 
4.6  mm. 

Male.  Somewhat  smaller  than  female.  Length  9.7  mm.,  width 
4.0  mm. 

Type  material.  Described  from  14  females  and  8  males:  one  col¬ 
lected  at  Mercedes,  Texas  and  21  collected  in  S.  W.  Plidalgo  Co., 
Texas,  five  from  24  miles  southeast  and  sixteen  from  five  miles 
southwest  of  Mission;  September  29  through  October  27,  1946. 
At  the  second  locality  this  species  occurred  in  open  places  and 
along  little  used  roadways  through  second  growth  mesquite  and 
huisache  growing  in  the  government  maintained  floodway.  At  the 
last  locality  the  species  was  found  along  lonely  roadways,  and  in 
clearings  in  the  mesquite  forestland,  "hype  material  deposited  as 
follows:  type  and  two  paratypes  in  the  United  States  National 
Museum  (No.  59,055),  three  paratypes  in  the  American  Museum, 
and  allotype  and  remaining  paratypes  in  the  collection  of  the  writer. 
Variations.  There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  material  studied. 
In  the  females  two  specimens  are  immaculate  except  for  a  vestige 
of  the  apical  lunule.  In  the  other  female  specimens  the  markings 
ol  the  type  are  represented,  varying  from  ban'  vestiges  of  the  mark 
ings  to  rather  heavy  maculations.  The  series  of  male  specimens 
show  the  same  variations  with  the  heaviest  maculate  form  having 


4  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Vol.  XLU 


vestiges  of  a  marginal  line  which  is  absent  in  the  other  specimens. 
The  sericeous  black  upper  surface  of  a  few  specimens  has  faint 
greenish  reflections.  The  under  surface  and  legs  vary  from  shin¬ 
ing  black  with  some  bluish  reflection  to  purplish  or  mostly  blue 
with  green  and  rosaceous  tinges.  The  ratio  of  the  width  across 
elytra  to  the  width  of  pronotum  varies  from  1.59  to  1.71.  In  the 
males  this  ratio  ranges  from  1.62  to  1.77.  Length:  9.8-12.1  mm., 
width  :  4.0-4. 8  mm. 

Comparison.  This  sub-species  is  very  close  to  nigrococrulea  Lee. 
and  may  easily  be  confused  with  the  black  forms  of  that  species 
which  are  represented  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  by  specimens 
from  Flagstaff,  Arizona  and  Koehler,  New  Mexico.  Owing  to  its 
variability  the  writer  has  not  been  able  to  base  this  sub-species  on 
any  single  character.  But  aside  from  its  different  geographical 
occurrence,  it  differs  physically  one  way  or  another  from  nigro¬ 
cocrulea  Lee.  in  being  somewhat  smaller,  black  in  color  with  a 
significantly  greater  tendency  to  be  maculate,  and  the  apical  region 
of  the  elytra  is  somewhat  more  convex.  Surface  sculpture  among 
the  two  are  essentially  the  same  including  the  sericeous  appearance. 

From  atterima  Klug  with  which  this  new  sub-species  bears  some 
relationship  and  similarity  in  appearance,  separation  may  be  readily 
made  on  the  irregular  vermiculate  pattern  taken  by  the  sericeous 
sheen  of  the  former  species.  Also  the  apical  areas  of  the  elytra  of 
this  Cicindela  are  much  flatter. 

Cicindela  obsoleta  subsp.  neojuvenilis  subsp.  nov. 

Similar  in  appearance  to  C.  obsoleta  anita  Dow  but  considerably 
smaller. 

Male.  Head  across  the  eyes  slightly  wider  than  pronotum,  bare 
except  for  two  ocular  setae,  granulate,  impunctate,  and  with  striae 
vaguely  indicated ;  clypeus  and  genae  bare ;  labrum  wide  somewhat 
produced  medially,  armed  with  three  rather  uniform  distinct  teeth, 
and  white,  margined  with  black  ;  palpi  purplish  black,  maxillary 
with  a  few  hairs,  second  segment  of  labial  densely  hairy  and  white ; 
mandibles  tridentate,  piceous,  with  base  white ;  antennae  dark  pur¬ 
plish  green  with  a  few  hairs  on  segments  one,  three  and  four. 

Pronotum  dull  black  with  faint  greenish  and  purplish  reflections 
in  the  impressions,  bare  except  for  sparse  closely  appressed  hairs 
at  the  sides,  wider  than  long;  side  margins  rounded,  widest  at  about 
apical  third;  basal  and  apical  transverse  impressions  prominent; 
median  longitudinal  impression  evident  with  faint  transverse 
grooves  extending  therefrom ;  surface  finely  granulate. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  5 


Elytra  dull  black ;  surface  finely  granulate  with  very  sparse  ob¬ 
solete  punctures  just  behind  scutellum;  humeral  impression  with 
a  few  setigerous  punctures  and  sub-sutural  row  of  foveolae  repre¬ 
sented  by  only  six  setigerous  punctures  at  basal  fourth ;  sides  sub¬ 
parallel  to  apical  fourth  then  evenly  rounded  to  apex,  apical  margins 
not  serrulate ;  markings  are  prominent,  consisting  of  humeral  and 
post  humeral  dots,  middle  band  and  apical  lunule ;  middle  band  does 
not  attain  margin,  is  obliquely  bent  with  the  middle  portion  greatly 
narrowed  to  a  bare  connection  between. 

Beneath  greenish  to  bluish  black,  sparsely  hairy  with  erect  to 
sub-erect  white  hairs ;  legs  green,  sparsely  clothed  with  sub-erect 
rather  coarse  hairs ;  front  femora  and  coxae  somewhat  more  densely 
hairy,  trochanters  bare  except  for  single  permanent  setae.  Length 
14.0  mm.,  width  5.1  mm. 

Female.  Somewhat  more  narrow  than  male  and  with  post  humeral 
spot  barely  indicated,  middle  band  more  reduced,  and  apical  lunule 
reduced  to  just  two  small  spots.  Length  15.8  mm.,  width  6.0  mm. 
Type  material.  Described  from  five  male  and  six  female  specimens 
collected  in  S.  W.  Hidalgo  County,  Texas;  five  miles  southwest  of 
Mission;  October  6  through  December  1,  1946.  This  species  was 
associated  with  the  mesquite  forestland  along  the  alluvial  flood  plain 
of  the  Rio  Grande,  occurring  along  lonely  roadways,  edges  of 
cultivated  fields  and  in  clearings.  It  was  not  a  common  insect  and 
seemed  to  be  a  fall  and  winter  species,  a  large  specimen  being  seen 
on  the  wing  as  late  as  January  16,  1947.  Type  material  deposited 
as  follows :  type  and  paratype  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  (No. 
59,056)  two  paratypes  in  the  American  Museum,  and  allotype  and 
remaining  paratypes  in  the  writer’s  collection. 

Variations.  On  two  males  the  markings  are  somewhat  reduced  as 
compared  with  those  of  the  type.  On  two  females  the  post  humeral 
spot  is  lacking  and  one  of  these  has  all  markings  barely  indicated. 
Another  female  lacks  all  markings  except  a  small  portion  of  the 
apical  lunule.  Length  13.4-15.8  mm.,  width  5. 1-6.0  mm. 
Comparison.  On  the  basis  of  its  geographical  occurrence,  colora¬ 
tion,  and  facies  the  affinities  of  this  species  seem  to  be  with  the 
Mexican  C.  obsoleta  juvenilis  W.  H.  from  which  it  may  be  distin¬ 
guished  by  its  slightly  broader  form,  impunctate  elytra,  broader 
labrum,  less  distinct  labral  teeth  and  by  its  markings  which  do  not 
approach  those  of  the  Mexico  C.  lutcolineata  Chev.  as  do  those  of 
juvenilis.  Lrom  C.  obsoleta  anita  Dow  neojuvenilis  may  be  sepa¬ 
rated  by  its  smaller  size,  smooth  elytra  and  the  greater  metallic 
luster  of  its  legs  and  under  surface. 


6  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  VoJ-  XLIV 


Cicindela  punctulata  punctulata  Oliv. 

A  typical  specimen  was  collected  at  light  in  Pharr,  August  17, 
1947. 

Cicindela  tenuisignata  Lee. 

During  June,  July  and  August  rather  abundant  5^  miles  south¬ 
west  of  Mission  on  fine  sand  and  silt  beaches  along  the  Rio  Grande. 

Cicindela  severa  severa  Laf. 

On  July  7  and  13,  1946  found  sparingly  along  the  broad  mucky 
shores  of  a  large  drying  salt-water  lagoon  behind  the  beach  at  Boca 
Chica  (Just  one  mile  north  of  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande). 

Cicindela  lemniscata  Lee. 

Four  specimens  were  collected  at  lights  May  24  and  September 
20,  1947  in  Rio  Grande  City.  This  species  was  occasionally  seen 
during  September  and  early  October,  1947  in  the  dry  uplands  north 
of  Rio  Grande  City. 


Cicindela  cazieri  sp.  nov. 

Somewhat  smaller  but  of  same  form  as  C.  poll  tula  Lee.  Elytral 
maculations  similar  to  those  of  C.  rufiventris  Dej. 

Male.  Head  with  eyes  wider  than  pronotum,  bare  except  for  two 
ocular  setae,  rugose,  granulose,  impunctate ;  clypeus  and  genae 
bare ;  labrum  wide,  irregularly  rounded,  with  an  inconspicuous 
central  tooth,  ivory  colored,  with  very  narrow  black  margins ; 
maxillary  palpi  shining  green,  sparsely  hairy ;  second  segment 
labial  palpi  densely  hairy  and  white ;  mandibles  tridentate,  cupreous 
black  with  white  base ;  four  basal  segments  of  antenna  green  with  a 
few  hairs  on  segments  one,  three,  and  four. 

Pronotum  coppery  black,  bare  except  for  sparse  but  conspicuous 
closely  appressed  white  hairs  at  the  sides,  little  wider  than  long 
with  sides  rounded  and  slightly  narrowed  at  base,  widest  at  apical 
fourth,  with  apical  and  basal  transverse  impressions  moderately 
deep  and  green  to  blue ;  median  longitudinal  impression  barely  in¬ 
dicated  with  fine  transverse  grooves  extending  therefrom ;  surface 
granulate. 

Elytra  coppery  black  but  less  metallic  than  pronotum,  more  or 
less  sparsely  and  shallowly  punctate,  the  punctures  coppery  to 
green  ;  surface  finely  granulate  hardly  shining  with  a  row  of  shallow 
foveolae  along  the  suture  and  a  few  along  the  groove  defining  the 
umbone,  these  foveolae  made  distinct  by  their  bright  green  and 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  7 


cupreous  color ;  sides  sub-parallel  to  apical  fourth,  then  rounded  to 
apex ;  apical  margins  finely  serrulate.  Markings  consist  of  a 
prominent  apical  lunule  and  a  median  lunule  indicated  by  two 
prominent  elongate  spots. 

Beneath  green  with  coppery  and  rosaceous  tinges  with  abdomen 
colored  as  in  C.  politnla;  sides  moderately  covered  by  long  ap- 
pressed  coarse  hairs ;  legs  coppery  green  covered  with  sparse  sub¬ 
erect  white  hairs ;  anterior  coxae  covered  with  long  white  hair. 
Length  10.1  mm.,  width  3.6  mm. 

Female.  Same  as  male  except  for  slightly  larger  size.  Length 
11.0  mm.,  width  4.2  mm. 

Type  material.  Described  from  three  male  and  four  female  speci¬ 
mens  collected  in  Starr  County,  Texas,  ten  miles  north  of  Rio 
Grande  City,  along  the  edges  and  along  dirt  sideroads  of  the  high¬ 
way  leading  to  Roberson ;  October  1  and  3,  1947.  The  beetles 
were  numerous,  but  were  very  difficult  to  collect,  being  the  most 
wary  species  that  the  writer  has  ever  encountered.  They  were 
associated  with  C.  schauppi  Horn  which  was  abundant  and  easy 
to  collect.  Type  and  one  paratype  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum 
collection  (No.  59,057),  two  paratypes  in  the  collection  of  the 
American  Museum,  and  allotype  and  two  paratypes  in  the  collec¬ 
tion  of  the  writer. 

Variations.  In  addition  to  the  markings  of  the  types,  two  males 
bear  a  distinct  supplementary  spot  and  a  single  well-marked  female 
has  this  spot  developed  along  with  the  post  humeral  spot.  In  an¬ 
other  female  the  post  humeral  spot  is  vaguely  indicated.  Length 
9.4—12.0  mm.,  width  3. 5-4. 5  mm. 

Comparison.  On  the  basis  of  its  vestiture  and  markings,  the  writer 
considered  this  Cicindela  to  be  a  sub-species  of  C.  rufventris  Dej. 
Then,  its  labrum,  elytral  outline,  and  geographic  occurrence  seemed 
to  indicate  stronger  affinities  with  C.  politnla  Lee.  from  which  it 
could  be  distinguished  readily  on  the  basis  of  its  more  abundant 
markings,  more  prominent  vestiture  and  elytral  foveolae,  and  by 
its  less  shining  (due  to  granulation),  less  conspicuously  punctate 
elytral  surface.  But,  as  Dr.  Cazier  has  pointed  out  to  the  writer, 
these  differences  are  of  sufficient  magnitude  to  warrant  considera¬ 
tion  of  the  material  as  being  of  a  distinct  species. 

In  recognition  of  his  capable  and  wholehearted  assistance  in  the 
preparation  of  this  paper,  the  writer  takes  pleasure  in  dedicating 
this  species  to  Dr.  Cazier. 

Cicindela  flavopunctata  rectilatera  Chaud. 

Abundant  on  fine  sand  and  silt  banks  along  the  Rio  Grande 


8  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  ^°l.  XLIY 


southwest  of  Mission,  May  12  through  September.  A  few  speci¬ 
mens  were  seen  on  the  wing  as  late  as  December  1,  1946.  Also 
collected  occasionally  at  lights  in  Pharr  during  June  and  July  and 
a  solitary  specimen  was  taken  ten  miles  northeast  of  Rio  Grande 
City  October  5,  1946.  No  others  were  seen  away  from  the  shores 
of  the  Rio  Grande  River. 

Cicindela  schauppi  Horn. 

Abundant  locally  from  mid-September  through  October  in  the 
dry  uplands  north  of  Rio  Grande  City  and  twelve  miles  west  of 
Mission  (Sam  Fordyce).  Several  specimens  were  at  light  at  the 
latter  locality  on  September  20,  1947.  Wherever  limestone  out¬ 
croppings  occurred  in  this  region,  this  beetle  usually  could  be 
found.  This  species  was  also  collected  sparingly  at  Mercedes  and 
5J  miles  southwest  of  Mission  along  lonely  roads  through  the 
mesquite  and  huisache  forestland. 

Cicindela  circumpicta  circumpicta  Laf. 

Frequent  on  the  broad  mucky  shore  of  the  saltwater  lagoon  at 
Boca  Chica.  July  7  through  October  19,  1946. 

Cicindela  trifasciata  tortuosa  Lee. 

Two  specimens  were  collected  on  October  19,  1946  along  the 
mucky  shores  of  the  saltwater  lagoon  at  Boca  Chica.  Another  was 
taken  at  light  in  Pharr  early  in  October. 

Cicindela  dorsalis  sauleyi  Guer. 

Common  along  the  surf  washed  beach  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at 
Boca  Chica  July  7  through  October  19,  1946. 

Cicindela  pamphila  Lee. 

Abundant  about  drying  salt  pools  and  along  the  shore  of  the 
saltwater  lagoon  at  Boca  Chica  July  7  through  October  19,  1946. 

Cicindela  hamata  lacerata  Chd. 

A  single  specimen  was  collected  along  the  shores  of  the  salt¬ 
water  lagoon  at  Boca  Chica  July  13,  1946. 

Cicindela  sperata  sperata  Lee. 

The  most  abundant  tiger  beetle  along  the  sand  and  silt  beaches 
of  the  Rio  Grande  southwest  of  Mission  May  18  through  October 
13,  1946. 


Fed.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  9 


Cicindela  togata  togata  Laf. 

Abundant  about  salt  flats,  drying  salt  pools  and  the  shores  of 
the  saltwater  lagoon  at  Boca  Chica  July  7  through  October  19,  1946. 
Just  two  miles  south  of  Mission  on  an  inland  “salted  out”  area  this 
species  was  in  abundance  on  April  5,  1946. 

Selected  Bibliography 

Blackwelder,  R.  E.,  1944.  Checklist  of  the  Coleopterous  Insects 
of  Mexico,  Central  America,  The  West  Indies  and  South 
America.  Part  1,  U.S.N.M.  Bull.  185:  pp.  16-20. 

Harris,  E.  D.  and  C.  W.  Lang.  1916.  The  Cicindelidae  of  North 
America  as  Arranged  by  Dr.  Walther  Horn.  The  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  N.  Y.  i-vi,  23  pp. 

Horn,  Walther.  1903.  List  of  the  Cicindelidae  of  Mexico  and 
their  Relationship  with  the  Species  of  the  United  States.  J. 
N.  Y.  Entom.  Soc.  XI:  213-221. 

Cazier,  M.  A.  1939.  Two  New  Western  Tiger  Beetles.  Bull. 

Brook.  Ent.  Soc.  XXXIV :  pp.  24-28. 

Leng,  C.  W.  1902.  Revision  of  the  Cicindelidae  of  Boreal  Amer¬ 
ica.  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVIII :  93-186,  PI.  I-IV. 
Wickham,  H.  F.  1899.  The  Habits  of  American  Cicindelidae. 
Proc.  Davenport  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  VII :  206-228. 


10  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Yol.  XLIV 


RECORDS  OF  BEES  FROM  THE  SOLOMON  ISLANDS 
WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SUBSPECIES 
(HYMENOPTERA,  APOIDEA) 

By  Karl  V.  Krombein 

Bureau  of  Entomology  and  Plant  Quarantine, 
Agricultural  Research  Administration, 

United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Preliminary  reports  and  descriptions  of  the  bees  of  the  Solomon 
Islands  have  been  published  by  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell,  F.  F.  Kohl  and 
E.  Strand*.  The  present  brief  contribution  is  the  result  of  work¬ 
ing  over  a  short  series  of  bees  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  col¬ 
lected  during  the  recent  war  by  G.  E.  Bohart,  J.  P.  Burks,  L.  A. 
Conwell,  W.  G.  Downs,  J.  G.  Franclemont,  A.  B.  Gurney  and  J.  H. 
Paullus.  It  is  now  possible  to  give  new  island  records  for  many  of 
the  species.  The  opportunity  is  also  taken  to  describe  two  new 
island  subspecies  and  the  hitherto  unknown  male  of  Nomada  psilo- 
cera.  Identification  of  some  of  the  species  has  been  facilitated  by 
reference  to  cotypes  and  specimens  determined  by  Cockerell  in  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Nomia  froggati  Cockerell,  1911 

3  ^ J1 ;  lower  Florida  Island;  March  1945  ;  (G.  E.  Bohart). 

It  has  been  recorded  previously  from  Ruavutu,  Guadalcanal  and 
Hagalu,  Nggela  (Florida  Island)  by  Cockerell  (1926,  1936,  1939) , 
Normally  the  males  have  orange-yellow  bands  at  the  apices  of  the 
first  five  tergites,  but  occasionally  those  on  the  first,  fourth  and 
fifth  may  he  completely  decolorized,  and  in  one  specimen  are  of  a 
yellowish-green  rather  than  orange. 

*Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.,  1911.  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.  36: 
160-178. 

- ,  1926.  Pan-Pac.  Ent.  3 :  82,  90. 

— ,  1929.  Records  Austral.  Mus.  17:  228,  231,  232, 
234. 

- ,  1936.  Proc.  Roy.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  pp.  225-6. 

- ,  1939.  Occas.  Papers  B.  P.  Bishop  Mus.  15  :  134—6. 

Kohl,  F.  F.,  1908.  Denkschr.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien  81 :  308, 
pi.  3,  fig.  16. 

Strand,  E.,  1911.  Wien.  Ent.  Ztg.  30:  79. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  11 


Halictus  species 

1  J1;  Bougainville;  April  10,  1944;  (W.  G.  Downs). 

I  am  unable  to  place  this  specimen  due  to  lack  of  material.  This 
is  a  stocky  specimen  for  a  male  which  eliminates  the  introduced 
dampieri  Ckll.  as  a  possibility.  The  sculpture  of  the  mesoscutum 
and  dorsal  surface  of  the  propodeum  eliminates  respectively  viri- 
discitus  Ckll.  and  froggatti  Ckll.  from  consideration.  I  would  be 
inclined  to  place  it  as  the  male  of  extents  Ckll.,  of  which  I  have  a 
female  determined  by  Cockerell,  except  that  his  brief  notes  (1939) 
on  the  supposed  male  of  that  species  indicate  a  rather  slender 
species.  H.  subextents  Ckll.  and  lavoroensis  Ckll.,  both  known 
only  from  females,  are  the  other  possibilities,  unless  this  male  repre¬ 
sents  an  undescribed  species.  No  Halictus  has  been  recorded 
previously  from  Bougainville. 

Lithurgus  fortis  Cockerell,  1929 

7  $5;  Bougainville;  March  26-29,  1944;  (A.  B.  Gurney).  1  §; 
same  data,  but  April  10,  1944;  (W.  G.  Downs). 

The  species  is  known  also  from  Lavoro  Plantation  and  Ivaukau 
on  Guadalcanal,  Banoni  on  Bougainville  and  Kiva  Kiva  on  San 
Cristobal. 

The  specimens  collected  by  Gurney  were  tunneling  in  the  soft 
wood  of  a  sapling  used  as  a  tent  support.  A  bombyliid  fly,  An¬ 
thrax  sp.  (det.  C.  T.  Greene),  was  taken  hovering  about  the  en¬ 
trances  to  the  tunnels. 

Lithurgus  fortis  nigerrimus,  new  subspecies 

This  is  the  only  bee  I  have  from  New  Georgia,  an  island  on 
which  there  seems  to  be  a  strong  tendency  toward  the  development 
of  discrete  subspecies.  The  present  form  is  structurally  identical 
with  typical  fortis,  but  lacks  the  red  hair  on  front,  vertex,  temples 
and  thorax.  1  here  are  a  few  dark  red  hairs  at  apex  of  clypeus. 
The  narrow  apical  bands  on  the  tergites  are  dark  in  nigerrimus, 
pale  in  fortis,  and  the  wings  are  very  strongly  infumated  in  the 
former,  feebly  so  in  the  latter.  The  unique  female  type  of  nigerri¬ 
mus  is  13.0  mm.  long. 

Type:  5  ;  Munda,  New  Georgia;  1944;  (L.  A.  Conwell)  [U. 
S.  National  Museum,  Type  No.  59,042] 

Megachile  lachesis  Smith,  1860 

1  5;  Tenaru,  Guadalcanal;  1944;  (G.  E.  Bohart).  3  lower 


12  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  vol.  XLlf 


Florida  Island;  March  1945;  (G.  E.  Bohart).  2  22 !  Bougain¬ 
ville;  July  17-September  1944;  (A.  B.  Gurney). 

It  has  been  recorded  previously  from  Tulagi  Island,  Suu  on 
Malaita  and  Suvai  on  Bougainville. 

Megachile  mendanae  Cockerell,  1911 

2  22  •  lower  Florida  Island  ;  March  1945  ;  (G.  E.  Bohart). 

The  only  definite  locality  record  previous  to  this  is  Guadalcanal. 
Cockerell  (1939)  described  the  supposed  male  from  Huugku,  Bou¬ 
gainville — females  have  not  been  collected  there  as  yet. 

Megachile  bougainvilliana  Strand,  1911 

Megachile  bougainvilliana  Strand,  1911  (March  20th).  Wien. 
Ent.  Ztg.  30:  79;  [2;  Numa  Numa,  Bougainville;  type  in  Ber¬ 
lin  Mus.  ] . 

Megachile  ferricincta  Cockerell,  1939.  Occas.  Papers  B.  P.  Bishop 
Mus.  15  :  136;  [2;  Guadalcanal;  type  in  Bishop  Museum,  Hono¬ 
lulu],  NEW  SYNONYMY. 

Although  I  have  not  seen  the  types,  I  think  there  can  be  no  ques¬ 
tion  as  to  the  correctness  of  the  synonymy  proposed  above.  Both 
authors  mention  the  striking  ferruginous  bands  on  the  abdomen 
and  the  bituberculate  apical  margin  of  the  clypeus.  Cockerell’s 
bougainvillei  (May  31,  1911,  p.  171),  named  for  the  explorer  not 
the  island,  may  well  be  the  male. 

9  22-  lower  Florida  Island;  March  1945;  (G.  E.  Bohart). 

Megachile  shortlandi  aurantiscopa,  new  subspecies 

Cockerell  (1911)  described  shortlandi,  naming  it  for  the  ex¬ 
plorer  not  the  island,  from  the  Solomon  Islands,  and  later  (1936) 
recorded  it  from  Guadalcanal.  The  scopa  in  typical  shortlandi  is 
said  to  be  pale  fulvous  on  the  second  sternite,  bright  red  on  the 
third  and  fourth,  black  on  sides,  and  black  on  the  fifth  and  sixth. 
A  female  from  Lunga,  Guadalcanal  determined  as  shortlandi  by 
Cockerell  has  the  scopa  as  above  except  that  the  red  is  somewhat 
faded.  The  atypical  subspecies  aurantiscopa  agrees  in  structural 
details  with  the  specimen  determined  by  Cockerell,  but  has  the  en¬ 
tire  scopa  bright  orange  except  for  the  pale  fulvous  on  the  second 
sternite.  The  unique  female  type  of  aurantiscopa  is  13.3  mm.  long. 

Type:  2l  Treasury  Island;  July  30,  1944;-  (J.  H.  Paullus). 
[U.  S.  National  Museum,  Type  No.  59,043], 

Coelioxys  dispersa  Cockerell,  1911 
1  J1;  Tenaru  River,  Guadalcanal;  1944;  (G.  E.  Bohart). 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  13 


It  was  described  originally  from  the  Solomon  Islands  and  Cock¬ 
erell  later  (1936)  recorded  it  from  Lunga,  Guadalcanal. 

Nomada  psilocera  Kohl,  1908 

Thus  far  the  species  has  been  known  only  from  the  unique  female 
type  from  Bougainville.  A  single  male  from  lower  Florida  Island, 
March  1945,  (G.  E.  Bohart)  before  me  may  he  described  as  follows. 

Length  7.2  mm.,  forewing  4.6  mm.  Black,  with  extensive  fer¬ 
ruginous  markings  as  follows :  Mandible,  labrum,  clypeus,  front 
below  antennae,  narrow  lines  along  inner  and  posterior  eye  mar¬ 
gins,  scape  beneath,  flagellum  entirely,  side  of  pronotum,  mesono- 
tum  except  for  a  broad  central  band  and  a  pair  of  shorter,  nar¬ 
rower  ones  along  parapsidal  furrows,  edges  of  scutellmn,  post- 
scutellum,  upper  two-thirds  of  mesopleuron,  legs,  apices  of  first  to 
fifth  tergites,  sixth  and  seventh  tergites  and  all  sternites ;  second 
and  sixth  tergites  with  a  small  lateral  creamy  spot ;  scutellum  ex¬ 
cept  edges  and  narrow  band  on  outer  surface  of  fore  tibia,  yellow. 

Mandibles  not  toothed  within  near  apex,  flagellar  segments  un¬ 
modified,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  the  flagellum  gradually  widen¬ 
ing  toward  last  segment  but  hardly  clavate,  the  comparative  lengths 
of  first  three  flagellar  segments  about  3:2:2;  punctation  appar¬ 
ently  very  similar  to  female,  that  is,  head  and  thorax  coarsely  and 
closely  so  except  mesoscutum  and  scutellum  where  it  is  much 
sparser,  abdomen  with  very  minute  sparse  ones,  the  triangular  area 
of  propodeum  wrinkled;  fore  coxa  not  spined  at  apex;  pygidium 
with  apex  narrowly  notched  in  middle. 

Anthophora  sapiens  Cockerell,  1911 

2  5?;  Tenaru,  Guadalcanal;  October  14,  1943;  (J.  G.  Francle- 
mont).  1  ;  same  data,  but  1944;  (G.  E.  Bohart).  1  J* ;  lower 

Florida  Island;  March  1945;  (G.  E.  Bohart).  2  J'J';  Treasury 
Island:  July  30,  1944;  (J.  H.  Paullus). 

The  present  species  is  extremely  close  in  general  appearance  to 
what  Cockerell  identified  as  vigilans  Smith  from  New  Guinea. 
The  two  species  are  quite  easily  distinguished  by  characters  of  the 
last  sternites  and  genitalia  of  the  males.  The  seventh  sternite  of 
sapiens  has  a  Y-shaped  area  of  close-set,  heavy  thorns  in  the  mid¬ 
dle  on  the  apical  third,  the  stem  of  the  Y  toward  the  apex  of  the 
segment.  This  sternite  in  vigilans  has  a  very  broad,  rounded  area  of 
much  finer  thorns.  The  incurved  apex  of  the  gonoforceps  in  sapiens 
is  setose  beneath  on  the  apical  half  only,  but  entirely  setose  in 
vigilans.  I  have  found  no  variation  in  these  characters  in  the  few 
specimens  examined. 


14  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  yol.  XLIV 


Externally  the  two  species  are  separated  only  by  minute  differ¬ 
ences  in  maculations  and  pattern  of  the  pubescence.  In  females  of 
sapiens  the  stem  and  arms  of  the  inverted  T  on  the  clypeus  are 
narrower,  the  supraclypeal  mark  about  half  the  basal  width  of 
clypeus,  the  scape  is  dark  beneath,  the  apical  bands  of  pubescence 
on  the  tergites  are  narrower,  that  of  the  second  being  only  one- 
fourth  the  length  of  exposed  part  of  tergite,  and  the  apical  fringes 
of  the  third  and  fourth  sternites  are  fuscous  except  for  some  yel¬ 
lowish  at  sides ;  in  vigilans  females  the  stem  and  arms  of  the  T  are 
broader,  the  supraclypeal  mark  almost  as  wide  as  basal  width  of 
clypeus,  scape  with  a  yellow  mark  beneath,  the  apical  bands  of 
pubescence  on  tergites  are  broader,  that  of  the  second  being  at 
least  one-third  the  length  of  exposed  part  of  tergite,  and  the  apical 
fringes  of  third  and  fourth  sternites  light  brown  in  middle,  yellowish 
on  sides.  The  males  of  the  two  are  separated  by  the  same  differ¬ 
ences  as  the  females  with  regard  to  the  relative  width  of  bands  on 
the  tergites,  and  the  color  of  the  apical  fringes  of  the  third  and 
fourth  sternites. 

Cockerell  described  sapiens  from  the  Solomon  Islands  and  re¬ 
corded  it  later  ( 1929,  1939)  from  Lavoro  Plantation,  Guadalcanal. 

Thyreus  gemmatus  (Cockerell),  new  combination 

Crocisa  gemmata  Cockerell,  1911.  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.  36: 

166;  [$,  cf;  Solomon  Islands]. 

1  J1;  Tenaru,  Guadalcanal;  October  25,  1943  (J.  G.  Francle- 
mont).  3  J'J';  same  data,  but  1944;  (G.  E.  Bohart).  2 
Solomons;  (J.  P.  Burks).  1  J;  lower  Florida  Island;  March 
1945;  (G.  E.  Bohart). 

Described  originally  from  the  Solomon  Islands,  and  recorded 
later  by  Cockerell  (1926,  1929,  1936,  1939)  from  Tulagi  Island, 
Lunga  and  Lavoro  Plantation  on  Guadalcanal,  and  Buoi,  Buka 
Passage  and  Suvai  on  Bougainville.  The  present  species  is  close 
to  what  I  identify  as  quart inae  (Gribodo)  from  New  Guinea,  but 
is  distinguished  by  the  widely  separated  spots  on  the  first  abdomi¬ 
nal  tergite  and  differences  in  the  male  genitalia. 

Trigona  sapiens  Cockerell,  1911 

1  J;  lower  Florida  Island;  March  1945;  (G.  E.  Bohart). 

It  was  described  originally  from  Solomon  Islands  and  recorded 
later  (1929,  1936,  1939)  by  Cockerell  from  New  Georgia,  Halaita 
on  Nggela  (Florida  Island)  and  Lavoro  Plantation  on  Guadalcanal. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  15 


NEW  OR  INSUFFICIENTLY-KNOWN  CRANE-FLIES 
FROM  THE  NEARCTIC  REGION  (DIPTERA, 
TIPULIDAE).  PART  IX1 

By  Charles  P.  Alexander,  Amherst,  Massachusetts. 

The  preceding  part  under  this  general  title  was  published  in  1947 
(Bull.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  42:  131-135).  At  this  time  I  am 
describing  three  further  species  from  Arizona  and  California. 

Tipula  (Bellardina)  praelauta  n.  sp. 

Mesonotum  yellow  or  brownish  yellow,  paling  to  light  gray  on 
sides,  the  disk  with  four  conspicuous  darker  gray  stripes  that  are 
narrowly  margined  with  dark  brown ;  mediotergite  light  gray  with 
a  brown  line  on  either  side  of  the  midstripe ;  femora  and  tibiae  light 
brown,  the  tips  narrowly  darker ;  wings  medium  brown,  conspicu¬ 
ously  striped  longitudinally  with  whitish  subhyaline,  including  a 
streak  occupying  most  of  cell  R  and  continued  to  the  wing-tip  in 
cell  R5;  abdominal  tergites  reddish  brown,  trivittate  with  dark 
brown ;  male  hypopygium  with  the  ninth  tergite  separate  from  the 
combined  basistyle  and  ninth  sternite ;  ninth  tergite  trilobed,  the 
lateral  lobes  broader,  median  lobe  depressed-flattened,  its  apex 
weakly  notched ;  outer  dististyle  an  irregular  pale  blade,  at  apex 
split  into  a  long  black  spine  and  a  somewhat  broader  pale  blade ; 
inner  style  a  larger  flattened  pale  blade,  at  its  base  with  a  slender 
taillike  lobe ;  ninth  sternite  produced  caudad  into  a  conspicuous 
appendage  that  is  split  into  two  halves. 

Male.  Length  about  20-22  mm. ;  wing  21-23  mm. ;  antenna  about 
3.8-4  mm. 

Female.  Length  about  25-26  mm. ;  wing  22  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  brownish  yellow;  nasus  elongate; 
palpi  dark  brown.  Antennae  with  the  scape  and  pedicel  yellow ; 
flagellar  segments  weakly  bicolored,  the  small  basal  enlargement 
brown,  the  stem  more  yellowed,  the  outer  segments  more  uniformly 
darkened ;  scape  elongate,  fully  equal  in  length  to  the  first  three 
flagellar  segments  combined  ;  verticils  long  and  conspicuous.  Head 
above  light  gray,  on  orbits  passing  into  brown ;  vertical  tubercle 
low  and  inconspicuous. 

Pronotum  buffy,  with  a  dark  brown  median  stripe.  Mesonotal 
praescutum  with  the  ground  obscure  yellow  or  brownish  yellow, 

1  Contribution  from  the  Department  of  Entomology,  University 
of  Massachusetts. 


16  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIV 


paling  to  light  gray  on  sides ;  four  conspicuous  darker  gray  stripes 
that  are  narrowly  margined  with  dark  brown,  least  so  on  outer 
margins  of  the  intermediate  stripes,  more  heavily  so  on  the  inner 
edges ;  scutal  lobes  pale  brown  with  gray  centers ;  scutellum  pale 
brown,  parascutella  dark;  mediotergite  light  gray,  with  a  conspicu¬ 
ous  brown  line  on  either  side  of  the  broader  midline,  not  reaching 
the  posterior  border ;  pleurotergite  brownish  gray,  the  katapleuro- 
tergite  more  silvery  gray.  Pleura  brownish  gray,  with  a  relatively 
inconspicuous  dorsal  brown  stripe  that  is  narrowed  behind ;  dorso- 
pleural  membrane  bufify.  Halteres  long,  stem  brown,  brighter  at 
base,  knob  dark  brown.  Legs  with  the  coxae  gray ;  trochanters 
more  yellowed ;  femora  and  tibiae  light  brown,  the  tips  narrowly 
darker  ;  tarsi  dark  brown,  even  darker  outwardly ;  spur-formula  ap¬ 
parently  1-1-1  ;  claws  (male)  toothed.  Wings  medium  brown, 
conspicuously  striped  longitudinally  with  whitish  subhyaline,  in¬ 
cluding  a  streak  occupying  most  of  cell  R  and  continued  to  wing 
tip  in  cell  R-,;  a  somewhat  comparable  pale  line  along  vein  1st  A; 
costal  border  and  a  seam  along  vein  Cu  somewhat  darker  brown 
than  the  remainder  of  ground ;  stigma  brown ;  pale  marginal  spots 
in  ends  of  cells  2nd  M2,  M3  and  M4;  veins  brown,  anterior  cord 
more  yellowed.  Squama  with  numerous  trichia ;  outer  medial 
veins  glabrous,  R4+5  and  Cu  with  numerous  trichia.  Venation: 
Rs  about  one-half  longer  than  R2+ 3;  R4+2  entire;  R3  virtually 
straight,  R4+-,  arcuate  at  near  midlength;  inner  end  of  cell  1st  M2 
lying  proximad  of  cells  R3  and  R5;  M 3+4  subequal  in  length  to 
basal  section  of  M4;  cell  2nd  A  broad. 

Abdominal  tergites  reddish  brown,  trivittate  with  dark  brown, 
the  broader  median  stripe  almost  continuous,  the  laterals  broadly 
interrupted  on  the  posterior  portions  of  the  segments ;  subterminal 
segments  more  uniformly  darkened ;  sternites  uniformly  reddish 
brown ;  hypopygium  brownish  yellow.  Ovipositor  with  cerci  long 
and  slender,  nearly  straight  to  very  gently  upcurved.  Male  hy- 
popygium  with  the  ninth  tergite  separated  from  the  region  of  the 
combined  basistyle  and  ninth  sternite  by  membrane ;  no  evident 
pleural  suture.  Ninth  tergite  with  the  caudal  margin  trilobed,  the 
lateral  lobes  broader,  entire,  with  long  conspicuous  setae;  median 
lobe  depressed-flattened,  its  apex  weakly  notched,  the  surface  with 
a  row  of  inwardly-directed  setae  on  either  side  of  the  midline. 
Outer  dististyle  an  irregular  pale  blade,  at  apex  split  into  a  long 
black  spine  and  a  somewhat  broader  pale  blade,  these  lying  parallel 
to  one  another.  Inner  dististyle  a  larger  flattened  pale  blade,  the 
outer  margin  of  distal  half  with  numerous  small  scattered  setae ; 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  17 


at  base  of  blade  with  a  slender  tail-like  lobe.  Ninth  sternite  pro¬ 
duced  candad  into  a  conspicuous  appendage  that  is  split  into  two 
halves.  What  appears  to  represent  the  aedeagus  is  an  erect  slen¬ 
der  scooplike  or  pronglike  structure  arising  from  the  ventral  por¬ 
tion  of  the  ninth  sternite  near  the  base  of  its  appendage. 

Habitat:  Arizona.  Holotype:  Todd’s  Lodge,  Oak  Creek 

Canyon,  altitude  5200  feet,  October  2,  1948  ( John  &  Grace 
Sperry).  Allotopotype,  5-  and  paratopotypes,  J'J,  September 
1947,  October  5,  1948. 

This  outstanding  fly  is  another  discovery  made  by  the  Sperrys, 
to  whom  I  express  my  continued  indebtedness  for  very  many  Tipu- 
lidae  from  our  Far  West.  The  longitudinally  striped  wings  give 
the  fly  an  appearance  that  is  quite  different  from  that  of  all  other 
members  of  the  subgenus  Bellardina  Edwards,  where  the  wings 
are  marbled  and  mottled  in  various  patterns  in  the  different  species. 
I  can  see  no  reason  to  question  the  subgeneric  assignment. 

Tipula  (Lunatipula)  inusitata  n.  sp. 

Allied  to  usitata;  general  coloration  of  mesonotum  light  gray, 
the  praescutum  with  five  reddish  brown  stripes,  the  three  central 
ones  narrow;  antennae  with  scape  and  pedicel  yellow,  flagellum 
black ;  wings  with  a  weak  brownish  tinge,  very  restrictedly  pat¬ 
terned  ;  abdomen  obscure  yellow,  trivittate  with  light  brown,  the 
lateral  stripes  broken,  heaviest  at  the  anterior  end  of  segment ; 
male  hvpopygium  with  the  beak  of  the  inner  dististyle  narrow,  not 
cut  off  from  body  of  style  by  a  notch ;  outer  basal  lobe  low  and  ob¬ 
tuse  ;  phallosome  with  the  unpaired  element  forking  at  apex  into 
two  subequal  spinous  points. 

Male.  Length  about  13-16  mm.;  wing  12-15.5  mm.;  antenna 
about  4—4.5  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  yellow,  the  dorsum  very  sparsely 
pruinose ;  no  nasus ;  palpi  obscure  yellow,  the  terminal  segment  a 
trifle  darkened.  Antennae  with  the  scape  and  pedicel  light  yellow, 
flagellum  black;  flagellar  segments  only  weakly  incised,  a  trifle 
longer  than  the  verticils.  Head  brownish  gray,  the  anterior  ver¬ 
tex  with  a  light  brown  central  line ;  vertical  tubercle  low. 

Pronotum  light  gray,  with  a  narrow  reddish  brown  median  mark. 
Mesonotal  praescutum  light  gray,  with  five  reddish  brown  stripes, 
the  three  central  ones  narrow,  representing  the  borders  of  two  light 
gray  intermediate  stripes ;  lateral  praescutal  stripes  broader ;  pos¬ 
terior  sclerites  of  notum  light  gray,  each  scutal  lobe  with  two  red¬ 
dish  brown  areas,  the  region  of  the  suture  light  yellow ;  scutellum 


18  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l ■  XLIV 


and  mediotergite  with  a  narrow  central  dark  line.  Pleura  obscure 
yellow,  light  gray  pruinose ;  dorsopleural  region  light  yellow. 
Halteres  pale,  the  knob  weakly  infuscated,  its  apex  narrowly  yel¬ 
lowed.  Legs  with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  yellow ;  remainder 
of  legs  broken.  Wings  with  a  weak  brownish  tinge,  more  yel¬ 
lowed  at  base  and  in  costal  region ;  a  very  restricted  brown  pattern, 
most  evident  as  the  stigmal  darkening;  obliterative  band  at  cord 
and  the  poststigmal  brightening  relatively  conspicuous,  the  former 
extending  about  to  midlength  of  vein  M4;  a  small  brightened  mar¬ 
ginal  spot  in  cell  1st  A;  a  small  darkened  cloud  at  Sc2;  veins  brown. 
Venation:  Rs  about  twice  rn—cu;  R1+2  entire;  Mi+i  very  short  with 
m—cu  close  to  the  fork. 

Abdomen  obscure  yellow,  trivittate  with  light  brown,  the  median 
stripe  virtually  continuous,  the  lateral  pair  more  broken  into  wavy 
lines,  the  anterior  end  of  each  darker ;  basal  sternites  pale ;  outer 
segments  more  uniformly  brownish  black ;  hypopygium  extensively 
yellow.  Male  hypopygium  with  the  ninth  tergite  having  a  broad 
posterior  emargination,  at  the  base  of  which  with  a  further  quad¬ 
rate  notch  which  bears  a  small  basal  lobe ;  lateral  tergal  lobes 
smooth  and  somewhat  more  sclerotized  than  the  remainder  of 
tergite;  setigerous  punctures  of  tergite  large  but  sparse.  Ninth 
sternite  with  its  appendage  a  low  obtuse  cushion.  Outer  dististyle 
widely  expanded  outwardly,  the  apex  oblique.  Inner  dististyle 
with  the  beak  relatively  slender,  not  cut  off  from  the  main  body  of 
style  by  a  ventral  notch,  as  is  the  case  in  aurantionota  and  usitata; 
dorsal  crest  very  low  to  virtually  lacking;  posterior  crest  very  pale 
to  practically  hyaline;  outer  basal  lobe  low  and  obtuse,  jutting 
caudad  a  trifle  beyond  the  level  of  the  posterior  crest.  Phallosome 
with  five  elements,  including  two  pairs  of  blades,  the  lateral  pair 
of  which  narrow  very  gradually  into  a  long  spine ;  the  unpaired 
element  has  approximately  the  same  size  and  shape,  at  apex  forked 
into  two  subequal  spinous  points.  Eighth  sternite  with  the  caudal 
margin  virtually  transverse,  membranous ;  on  either  side  of  mid¬ 
line  slightly  more  elevated  and  hearing  a  group  of  from  9  to  11 
long  pale  setae  that  are  directed  caudad. 

Habitat:  California.  Holotype:  J1,  Stanford  University,  May 
(R.  IV.  Doane) ;  Alexander  Collection,  received  in  an  exchange  of 
specimens,  determined  as  usitata  Doane  by  the  latter.  Paratopo- 
type:  1  J1,  reared;  larva  found  February  20,  1915,  adult  emerged 
April  10,  1915. 

Although  related  to  Tipula  ( Lunatipula )  aurantionota  Alex¬ 
ander  and  T.  (L.)  usitata  Doane,  the  present  fly  is  readily  told  by 
the  structure  of  the  male  hypopygium,  as  compared  above. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  19 


Pedicia  (Pedicia)  subobtusa  n.  sp. 

Allied  to  obtasa;  thoracic  dorsum  almost  uniformly  fulvous  yel¬ 
low,  pleura  yellow,  vaguely  patterned  with  darker ;  antennal  scape 
brown,  the  remainder  more  brownish  yellow ;  wings  with  the  disk 
whitened,  the  posterior  border  weakly  more  grayish  subhyaline,  the 
usual  brown  pattern  with  the  seam  along  vein  Cu  ending  at  the 
cord ;  abdomen  uniformly  light  brown ;  male  hypopygium  with  the 
basistyle  produced  caudad  beyond  the  point  of  insertion  of  the  disti- 
style  as  a  broad  obtuse  glabrous  blade,  opposite  the  base  of  the 
dististyle  with  a  brush  of  long  reddish  setae ;  dististyle  with  four 
strong  black  spinous  setae  along  outer  margin ;  tergal  lobes  very 
broad,  obtuse. 

Male.  Length  about  27  mm. ;  wing  20  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brown.  Antennae  with  scape  brown,  pedicel 
and  flagellum  more  brownish  yellow ;  basal  flagellar  segments  short 
and  crowded,  the  outer  ones  more  elongate,  with  longer  verticils. 
Head  grayish  brown ;  vertical  tubercle  low,  entire. 

Thoracic  dorsum  almost  uniformly  fulvous  yellow,  the  sides  of 
the  pronotum  more  darkened ;  lateral  praescutal  borders  more  prui- 
nose;  posterior  sclerites  of  notum  yellow,  silvery  pruinose.  Pleura 
obscure  yellow,  vaguely  patterned  with  darker,  more  distinctly  so 
on  the  dorsopleural  membrane  behind  the  spiracle.  Halteres  with 
stem  pale,  knob  infuscated.  Legs  with  the  coxae  yellow,  sparsely 
pruinose ;  remainder  of  legs  yellow,  the  tips  of  the  femora  and 
tibiae  weakly  infuscated;  outer  tarsal  segments  dark  brown. 
Wings  with  the  posterior  border  weakly  grayish  subhyaline,  the 
disk  more  whitened ;  the  usual  brown  pattern  of  the  subgenus  pres¬ 
ent,  the  dark  seam  along  vein  Cu  ending  at  the  cord  but  somewhat 
more  angularly  bent  at  m—cu  than  in  obtuse;  veins  pale,  including 
those  in  the  darkened  areas.  Venation :  Petiole  of  cell  R.t  about 
two-thirds  the  oblique  sinuous  r-rn;  M3+4  about  two-thirds  MA 
alone ;  petiole  of  cell  Mx  a  trifle  longer  than  m. 

Abdomen,  including  hypopygium,  virtually  unicolorous  light 
brown.  Male  hypopygium  with  the  basistyle  produced  caudad 
beyond  the  point  of  insertion  of  the  dististyle  as  a  broad  obtuse 
glabrous  blade,  opposite  the  base  of  the  dististyle  with  a  concentra¬ 
tion  or  brush  of  long  reddish  setae.  Dististyle  approximately  as  in 
obtusa,  differing  in  the  details ;  outer  margin  before  the  hatchet¬ 
shaped  lobe  with  four  strong  black  spinous  setae.  Tergal  lobes 
very  broad,  obtuse. 

In  obtusa  the  dististyle  is  terminal  in  position  and  broadly  fused 
with  the  apex  of  the  basistyle  which  bears  no  modified  brush  of 


20  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo l-  XLIV 


setae ;  dististyle  of  slightly  different  shape  and  armature ;  tergal 
lobes  narrow,  acute  at  tips. 

Habitat:  California.  Holotype:  J1,  Lake  Tahoe,  Placer  Co., 
altitude  6000  feet,  July  3,  1947  (C.  P.  Alexander) . 

The  present  species  had  been  confused  by  me  with  Pedicia 
( Pedicia )  obtusa  Osten  Sacken,  which  until  very  recently  had  been 
known  only  from  the  brief  description  provided  by  Osten  Sacken 
in  1877.  In  1948  the  latter  fly  was  re-discovered  in  northern  Cali¬ 
fornia  (Lassen  Volcanic  National  Park,  Schulz )  and  in  Oregon 
(Peavine  Ridge,  Station  3A,  Fender)  and  proved  to  be  quite 
distinct  from  the  present  species,  particularly  in  the  structure  of 
the  male  hypopygium,  as  compared  above.  Various  records  for 
obtusa  by  Aldrich  (1895)  and  Coquillett  (1900)  refer  to  the  en¬ 
tirely  distinct  P.  ( P .)  parvicellula  Alexander.  Material  taken  in 
Siskiyou  County,  California,  September  27— October  6  by  James 
Behrens  and  recorded  by  Osten  Sacken  (1895)  as  obtusa  may  refer 
to  that  species  or  to  the  present  fly. 


Swarming  of  Eurema  Nicippe  (Cramer),  (Lepidoptera : 
Pieridae).  The  author  noted  in  the  late  fall  of  1940  a  swarm 
of  Eurema  nicippe  (Cramer),  fifteen  miles  southeast  of  Fort  Worth 
(97°  10'  W.,  32°  35'  N.).  The  swarm,  of  about  two  or  three 
hundred  specimens,  was  located  on  a  low  bush.  They  were  pro¬ 
tected  from  the  cool  brisk  northwest  wind  by  being  in  the  low 
eroded  creek  bed  which  ran  perpendicular  to  the  wind.  The  sky 
was  overcast  and  the  specimens  were  crouched  from  the  cold. 
The  underside  of  all  specimens  was  suffused  brick  red.  This 
helps  to  substantiate  the  statement  made  by  Don  B.  Stallings 
and  Robert  Whittaker  ( Ent .  Nczvs;  Vol.  55,  67-71,  87-92.  1944), 
of  the  existence  of  a  distinct  seasonal  generatio  hiemalis  occurring 
in  the  South  and  Southwest  regions. — Kent  H.  Wilson,  Fort 
Worth,  Texas. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  21 


THE  MISSOURI  BEE-KILLER,  PROCTACANTHUS 
MILBERTII  MACQ.  (ASILIDAE :  DIPTERA). 

By  S.  W.  Bromley,  Bartlett  Tree  Research  Laboratories, 
Stamford,  Conn. 

Proctacanthns  milbertii  Macquart  is  a  widely  distributed  large 
Asilid  occurring  from  Mexico  to  British  Columbia  east  to  Ontario, 
Ohio,  Virginia,  and  Florida.  Milbertii  has  for  its  habitat  fields, 
pastures  and  dry  prairies  where  the  soil  contains  a  considerable 
admixture  of  sand.  Alighting  on  or  near  the  ground,  milbertii  is 
always  conspicuous  because  of  its  active  flight  and  sonorous  buzzing. 
In  Southern  Alabama,  Colonel  F.  S.  Blanton  stated  that  it  has 
received  the  common  name  of  “Boo-hoo”  fly.  In  a  pasture  in 
Missouri  in  1923  where  this  species  was  particularly  abundant  I 
called  it  to  the  attention  of  a  farmer  explaining  what  it  was  and 
what  it  did.  “Well,  what  do  you  know?”  he  said  when  I  had 
finished,  “I  always  thought  they  were  a  kind  of  horse  fly !”  In  this 
he  was  anticipated  a  couple  of  centuries  by  the  great  Linnaeus  who 
gave  this  group  of  flies  the  name  Asilus  (the  ancient  name  for  flies 
which  tormented  cattle)  in  the  belief  that  they  were  molesters  of 
stock  and  cattle,  a  habit  in  which  no  robber  fly  today  is  known  to 
indulge.  In  his  2nd  Annual  Report  on  Missouri  Insects,  p.  123, 
1870,  C.  V.  Riley  described  the  present  species  as  Asilus  missouri- 
ensis,  calling  it  the  “Missouri  Bee-killer”  in  the  belief  that  it  preyed 
principally  on  the  honey-bee.  That  this  was  an  erroneous  im¬ 
pression,  I  pointed  out  in  my  paper  on  Bee-killing  Robber  flies, 
Journal  of  the  N.  Y.  Ent.  Society,  38,  172  (1930). 

In  the  present  paper,  reviewing  a  compilation  of  659  prey  records, 
honey-bees  comprise  less  than  4%  of  the  total.  Milbertii  prefers 
Lepidoptera  and  Orthoptera  which  comprise  75%  of  its  prey. 
Its  attacks  on  other  groups  of  insects  are  more  or  less  perfunctory 
and  usually  occur  in  the  absence  of  its  favorite  prey.  In  the  field 
these  flies  are  constantly  seen  to  betray  interest  in  grasshoppers, 
butterflies  and  moths,  giving  chase  the  instant  they  are  sighted. 
The  honey-bee  prey  listed  in  the  present  paper  were  taken  under 
special  conditions  where  the  bees  were  forced  to  fly  close  to  the 
earth  in  cut  clover  or  alfalfa  fields  where  blossoms  were  within  a 
few  inches  of  the  ground. 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  the  similarity  in  the  type  of  prey  chosen 
by  milbertii  and  the  African  Alcimus  setifemoratus  Hobby,  another 
large,  slender,  streamlined  species  of  similar  size  which  was  re- 


22  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  ^ol.  XLIV 


corded  by  Hobby  as  feeding  on  Lepidoptera  and  Orthoptera  in  71% 
of  231  instances  of  preying  (Hobby,  B.  M.  Rhodesian  Asilidae  and 
their  Prey  collected  by  C.  F.  M.  Swynnerton:  Jour.  Animal 
Ecology,  4,  1,  pp.  90-112,  May,  1935). 

“Give  a  dog  a  bad  name  and  hang  him.”  This  old  saying  has 
certainly  applied  to  Protacanthus  milbertii.  The  name  “Missouri 
bee-killer”  still  sticks.  In  Missouri  (1923)  I  found  apiarists 
destroying  P.  milbertii  by  the  scores  because  they  thought  it  killed 
their  bees.  I  tried  to  track  down  a  bona  fide  case  of  bee-killing  at 
that  time  but  was  unable  to  do  so. 

During  the  summer  of  1946,  Dr.  Haseman,  Mr.  Enns  and  Mr. 
Craig  all  looked  diligently  for  a  case  of  Milbertii  catching  honey¬ 
bees  in  Missouri  and  found  only  one  !  In  the  course  of  the  summer 
they  found  Mallophora  orcina  feeding  on  honey-bees  on  5  occasions, 
Diogmites  salntans  twice  and  Promachus  hinci  once.  My  friends 
in  Texas  have  been  on  the  look-out  for  a  milbertii  with  honey-bee 
prey  since  1932  and  to  date  none  has  materialized.  Quite  evidently, 
milbertii  is  of  little  or  no  consequence  as  a  bee-killer,  at  least  as 
compared  with  Saropogon  dispar,  Mallophora  orcina,  Diogmites 
symmachus  and  D.  angustipennis  all  of  which  frequently  cause 
losses  to  apiarists  in  Texas. 

Milbertii  does  not  occur  in  the  Northeastern  states  where  its 
place  is  taken  by  the  closely  related  P.  philadelphicus ,  much  more 
of  a  bee-killer,  although  even  here  the  killing  of  bees  never  reaches 
economic  importance. 

PREY  OF  PROCTACANTHUS  MILBERTII 

Lepidoptera.  260  records. 

Cotton  leaf-worm  moth,  Alabama  argillacea  Hbn.  55,  College 
Station,  Texas,  Sept.  1933,  in  large  cow-pasture  (SWB). 

1,  Sept.  27,  ’33,  same  locality  (H.  J.  Reinhard),  1,  Sept.  21,  ’33 
(H.  J.  Reinhard).  Cotton  leaf  worm  larvae,  1885  Report  on 
Cotton  worm,  Rept.  4,  U.  S.  Ent.  Commission  p.  99  (C.  V. 
Riley). 

Cotton  Bollworm  moth,  Heliothis  obsolete  Fabr.  19,  College 
Station,  Texas,  Sept.  1933,  in  large  cow  pasture  (SWB). 
3,  same  locality,  Sept.  ’32,  in  Andropogon  prairie  (SWB). 

2,  Forestburg,  Texas,  9-17  to  9-21,  ’41  (L.  H.  Bridwell). 

Cabbage  butterfly,  Pieris  rapae  L.  40  +  Cook,  Manual  of  Apiary, 
p.  415  Michigan  (1888).  24,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  1923,  in 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  23 


old  field  near  vegetable  garden  (SWB).  32,  East  Lansing, 
Mich.,  July-Sept.  ’34  (in  old  field  next  to  a  cabbage  patch 
(SWB)). 

Alfalfa  butterfly,  Eurymus  eurytheme  Boisd.  U.  S.  D.  A.  Bull. 
124,  Aug.  28,  1914  (Wildermuth).  12,  Columbia,  Mo.,  July- 
Aug.  ’23,  in  cut  alfalfa  field  (SWB). 

Clover  butterfly,  Eurymus  philodice  Godt.  23,  East  Lansing, 
Mich.,  Aug.  ’34,  in  cut  clover  field  (SWB). 

Cutworm  moth,  Agrotis  ypsilon  Rott.  14,  East  Lansing,  Mich., 
Aug.  ’34,  in  field  near  vegetable  garden  ( SWB ) . 

Fall  armyworm  moth,  Lapliygma  frugiperda  S.  &  A.  1,  Columbia, 
Mo.,  Aug.  ’29,  1923  (SWB). 

Hummingbird  moth,  Hemaris  thysbe  Fabr.  1,  Lucas  Co.  Ohio, 
Aug.  21.  (R.  C.  Osburn). 

Buckeye  butterfly,  Junonia  coenia  Hbn.  4,  Forestburg,  Texas, 
9-20  to  9-30,  1941  (L.  H.  Bridwell). 

Skipper,  Apatclodes  campestris  Bvd.  1,  College  Station,  Texas, 
Sept.  17,  '33  (SWB).  1,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  29,  ’23 
(SWB). 

Yellow  skipper.  1,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  29,  ’23  (SWB). 

Dried  Clover  Moth,  Hypsopygia  costalis  Fabr.  1,  College  Station, 
Texas,  Sept.  30,  ’32  (SWB). 

Cosmopolitan  butterfly,  Vanessa  cardui  L.  Clark  Co.  Ks.  1911 
(F.  X.  Williams)  Record  from  U.  Ks.  (Beamer). 

Small  yellow  butterfly,  Eurema  sp.  1,  College  Station,  Texas. 
Sept.  21,  '33  (H.  J.  Reinhard).  5,  same  locality,  Sept.  21-27, 
’33  (SWB). 

Gulf  fritillary,  Dione  vanillae  L.  3,  College  Station,  Texas.  Sept. 
21-27,  '33  (SWB). 

Swallow-tail  butterfly,  Papilio  philenor  L.  2,  College  Station, 
Texas,  Sept.  21-27,  ’33  (SWB). 

Blue  lycaenid  butterfly.  1,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  7,  ’23  (SWB). 

Skipper,  Polites  taurus  Fabr.  2,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  29,  ’23 
(SWB). 

Medium-sized  skipper.  1913,  late  July  or  early  August.  Colfax 
Co.  N.  M.  (W.  R.  Walton),  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  vol.  48,  p.  174, 
1914. 


24  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  vol.  XLIV 


Moth,  N eleucania  alhilinea  Hbn.  1,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  29,  ’23 
(SWB). 


Orthoptera.  253  records. 

Rocky  Mountain  locust,  solitary  phase,  Melanoplus  mexicanus 
Sauss.  42,  College  Station,  Texas,  Sept.  ’33  (SWB).  27, 
Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  ’23,  in  former  wheat  plats  (SWB).  24, 
East  Lansing,  Michigan,  Aug.,  Sept.,  ’34,  in  old  field  (SWB). 
1,  County  77,  Iowa,  Aug.  27,  ’36  (Bernard  Berger). 

Rocky  Mountain  locust,  swarm  phase,  Melanoplus  spretus  Thomas. 
L.  O.  Howard,  Century  Dictionary,  vol.  IV,  p.  2743,  1899 
(1901  Copyright  edition). 

Red-legged  grasshopper,  Melanoplus  femnr-rubrum  Deg.  24, 
Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  ’23.  15,  College  Station,  Texas,  Sept. 

1933  (SWB).  8,  East  Lansing,  Michigan,  Aug.  ’34  (SWB). 

Melanoplus  bispinosus  Scudder.  51,  College  Station,  Texas,  Sept. 
1933  (SWB)  in  large  cow  pasture. 

Grasshopper  nymphs.  N.  Mexico.  Walton,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M. 
vol.  48,  174,  1914. 

Syrbula  admirabilis  Uhler.  2,  Foresburg,  Texas.  Sept.  20  and  24, 
’41  (L.  H.  Bridwell).  2.  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  8,  ’23  (SWB). 
1,  same  locality,  8-24—40  (W.  R.  Enns). 

Hippiscus  rugosus  (nymph).  1,  Forestburg,  Texas.  Sept.  25,  ’41 
(L.  H.  Bridwell). 

Tettix  sp.  1,  Forestburg,  Texas.  9-24—11  (L.  H.  Bridwell). 

Mestobregma  fuscifrons  Stal.  12,  College  Station,  Texas,  Sept. 
1933  (H.  J.  R.  &  SWB). 

Spharagemon  cristata.  6,  College  Station,  Texas,  Sept.  27,  ’33. 
(det.  Little). 

Cambylacantha  olivacea  Scudder  (Det.  Little)  nymph.  1,  College 
Station,  Sept.  27,  ’33  (SWB). 

Cammula  pellucida  Scudder.  11,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  19- 
25,  ’34,  in  old  field  (SWB). 

Trimerotropis  citrina  Scudder  (Det.  Little).  4,  College  Station, 
Texas,  Sept.  1933  (SWB). 

Cone-head,  Neoconocephalus  sp.  1,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  29,  ’23 
(SWB). 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  25 


Katydid,  Scudderia  texensis  S  &  P  (Det.  Little).  1,  College 
Station,  Texas,  Sept.  27,  ’33  (SWB). 

Cricket,  Nemobius  fasciatus  Deg.  (Det.  U.  S.  N.  M.).  E.  Lansing, 
Mich.,  Aug.  11,  ’34  (SWB).  Newtown,  O.  8-25-38  (SWB). 

Hymenoptera.  71  records. 

Honeybee,  Apis  mellifera  L.  4,  Riley,  “Missouri”  (probably  St. 
Louis)  “Two  males  and  two  females,  all  captured  while  suck¬ 
ing  honey-bees.”  2nd  Annual  Report,  State  Entomologist, 
Missouri,  p.  123  (1870).  1,  Detroit,  Mich.  Mich.  Agr.  College. 
Collection.  Oct.  1,  1910.  1,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  Oct.  11, 

1915,  Mich.  Agr.  Coll.  Haseman,  letter  of  July  30,  1946, 
“I  have  seen  one  kill  and  suck  the  blood  from  honey-bees  in 
my  own  apiary  in  the  country.”  Columbia,  Missouri.  1, 
Craig,  W.  S.  Sept.  11, ’46.  Columbia,  Mo.  10,  East  Lansing, 
Mich.,  July— Sept.  1934.  In  cut  sweet  yellow  clover  fields 
(SWB).  1,  Birch  Run,  Mich.,  Aug.  30,  ’34  (SWB)  2, 
Adams  Township,  Section  23,  Lucas  Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  ’35,  in 
cornfield  (R.  T.  Everly).  2,  near  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Aug.  25, 
1938,  in  dry,  old  fields  near  goldenrod  (SWB). 

Bumblebee  (female)  Bombus  americanorum  (Fabr.).  1,  Forest- 
burg,  Texas,  Sept.  25,  ’41  (L.  H.  Bridwell).  5  workers, 
College  Station,  Texas,  Sept.  1933,  near  clumps  of  blossoming 
Buffalo  bur  in  large  cow  pasture.  (SWB). 

Bumblebee  (worker),  Bombus  auric ornus  Robts.  2,  College  Sta¬ 
tion,  Texas,  Sept.  1933,  near  clumps  of  blossoming  Buffalo 
bur  in  large  cow  pasture.  (SWB). 

Bombus  impatiens  Cress,  worker.  1,  East  Lansing,  Michigan, 
Aug.  23,  ’34,  in  alfalfa  field  ( SWB ) . 

Bombus  fervidus  (Fabr.)  worker.  1,  East  Lansing,  Michigan, 
Aug.  4,  ’34,  in  alfalfa  field.  (SWB). 

Bombus  impatiens  Cress.  1,  Montgomery,  Ohio,  Aug.  25,  ’38,  in 
goldenrod  field  (SWB). 

Melon  bee,  Melissodes  bimaculata  (Lep.)  1,  Adams  Township, 
Section  23,  Lucas  Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  14,  ’35,  in  cornfield  (R.  T. 
Everly) . 

Sand  bee,  Andrena  aliciac  Robt.  (det.  U.  S.  N.  M.)  1,  East 

Lansing,  Michigan,  Aug.  12,  ’34  (SWB). 

Halictus  ligatus  Say.  (det.  U.  S.  N.  M.)  1,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug. 

29,  ’23  (SWB).  Ceratina  calcarata  Robt.  (det.  U.  S.  N.  m") 
1,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  26,  '34  (SWB). 


26  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Eol.  XLIV 


Megachile  pollicaris  Say  (det.  T.  B.  Mitchell).  1,  College  Station, 
Texas,  Sept.  27,  '33  (SWB). 

Megachile  latimanus  Say  (det.  T.  B.  Mitchell).  1,  E.  Lansing, 
Mich.,  Aug.  '34  (SWB). 

Worker  Yellowjackets.  Vespa  maculifrons  Buy.  2,  E.  Lansing, 
Mich.,  Aug.  25,  ’34  (SWB).  Vespa  arenaria  2,  Sandpoint, 
Huron  Co.,  Mich.,  Sept.  9,  ’24  and  Port  Austin,  Huron  Co., 
Mich.,  Sept.  9,  124  (F.  M.  Gaige). 

Brown  Wasps.  Polistes  variatus  Say.  1,  East  Lansing,  Mich., 
Sept.  ’34  (SWB).  Polistes  pallipes  Lep.  1,  East  Lansing, 
Mich.  Sept. ’34  (SWB).  Polistes  canadensis  L.  1,  Columbia, 
Mo.,  Sept.  16,  ’40  (W.  R.  Enns). 

Spider  wasps.  1,  Psammochares  sp.  1,  Sanford,  N.  C.,  Oct.  5,  ’21 
(T.  B.  Mitchell).  1,  Pompilus  luctuosus  Cresson.  1,  Forest- 
burg,  Texas,  Sept.  25,  ’41  (L.  H.  Bridwell).  1,  Port  Austin, 
Huron  Co.,  Mich.,  Aug.  28,  ’24  (F.  M.  Gaige). 

Solitary  wasps.  Cerceris  sp.  1,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  5,  ’34 
(SWB).  1,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  1923  (SWB).  1,  College 
Station,  Texas,  Sept.  23,  ’33  (SWB).  Larropsis  distincta 
Sm.  2,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  4  and  11,  ’34  (SWB). 
1,  Boonville,  Mo.,  Sept.  16,  '39  (W.  R.  Enns).  Lyroda 
subita  Say.  (det.  U.  S.  N.  M.).  2,  E.  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug. 
5  and  11,  ’34  (SWB).  Lcstica  producticollis  Pack.  (det.  U. 
S.  N.  M.).  1,  E.  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  5,  ’34  (SWB). 

Astata  leiithstromi  Ashm.  1,  E.  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  4,  '34 
(SWB).  Sand  wasp,  Sphex  procerus  Dahlb.  1,  College  Sta¬ 
tion,  Texas,  Aug.  27,  ’33  (H.  J.  Reinbard).  Sand  hornet, 
Bembix  spinolae  Lep.  1,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  16,  ’34 
(SWB). 

Parasitic  wasps.  Tiphia  inormata  Say.  2,  Forestburg,  Texas, 
Sept.  25,  ’41  (L.  H.  Bridwell).  1,  Steuben  Co.  Indiana. 
Aug.  '03  (U.  S.  Nat.  Museum)  Amblyteles  sp.  1,  E.  Lan¬ 
sing,  Mich.,  Sept.  9,  ’34  (SWB). 

Ants.  Black  Ant,  Formica  subsericea  Say.  1  female,  3  males, 
E.  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  5  to  26,  ’34  (SWB).  Brown  ant, 
Formica  fusca  L.  2  males,  E.  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  3  and  11, 
’34  (SWB).  Army  ant,  male,  Eciton  opacithorax  Em., 
College  Station,  Texas,  Sept.  28,  ’33  (SWB). 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  27 


Coleoptera.  38  records 

Colorado  Potato  Beetle,  Leptinotarsa  decemlineata  Say.  Chitten¬ 
den,  Bureau  Ent.  Circ.  87,  p.  11,  1907.  5,  College  Station, 
Texas,  Sept.  ’33,  near  clumps  of  Buffalo  bur  in  large  cow 
pasture  (SWB).  8,  East  Lansing,  Mich.  Aug— Sept.  '34, 
in  cow  pasture  near  potato  field  (SWB). 

Spotted  cucumber  beetle,  Diabrotica  duodecimpunctata  Fabr.  4, 
Columbia,  Mo.,  Aug.  1923,  in  field  near  vegetable  garden 
(SWB).  3,  East  Lansing,  Mich,  Aug.-Sept.  ’34,  in  field 
near  vegetable  garden  (SWB). 

Tiger  Beetles.  Cicindela  obsoleta  say.  6,  College  Station,  Texas. 
Sept.  ’33,  in  sandy  pasture  (SWB).  Cicindela  hirticollis 
Say.  3,  College  Station,  Texas,  Sept.  ’33  (SWB).  Cicindela 
generosa  Dej.  2,  Sandport,  Huron  Co.,  Mich.,  Sept.  13,  ’27 
and  Port  Austin,  Mich.,  Aug.  26,  ’34  (F.  M.  Gaige).  Cicin¬ 
dela  purpurea  Oliv.  1,  Beachland,  B.  C.  Wallis,  Can.  Ent. 
May  1913,  vol.  XLV,  5,  p.  135.  Cicindela  12-guttata  Dej. 
Davis,  T.  J.  Nat.  Hist.  Survey  Illinois,  Bull.  XIII,  Article 
V,  p.  89,  1919. 

Tumble  bugs.  Canthon  laevis  Drury.  2,  College  Station,  Texas, 
Aug.  27,  ’33  (H.  J.  Reinbard). 

Bumble  beetles.  Euphoria  inda  L.  1,  East  Lansing,  Mich.  Aug. 
23,  '34  (SWB).  Arnphicoma  sp.  2,  Forestburg,  Texas,  Oct. 
1  and  4,  ’41  (L.  H.  Bridwell). 

Diptera.  36  records. 

Carrion  Screw-worm  fly,  Cochlyomyia  macellaria  Fabr.  8,  Col¬ 
lege  Station,  Texas,  Sept.  ’33  near  dead  opposum  in  large 
cow  pasture.  (SWB).  11,  East  Lansing,  Mich.  Aug.  25 
and  28,  ’34,  near  dead  cow  in  dry  gully.  (SWB). 

Robber  flies.  Bee-catcher,  Diogmites  symmaclius  Loew.  2,  Col¬ 
lege  Station,  Texas.  Sept.  14,  ’33  (T.  McGregor)  and  Sept. 
27,  '33  (SWB).  Field  Fly-hawk,  Erax  rufibarbis  Macq. 
2,  College  Station,  Texas,  Sept.  27  and  28,  ’33  (SWB)  and  2, 
Sept.  19,  ’33  (H.  J.  Reinhard).  Asilus  paropus  Walker.  2, 
East  Lansing,  Mich.  Aug.  15  and  18,  ’34  (SWB).  Stichopo- 
gon  trifasciatus  Say.  1,  Forestburg,  Texas,  Sept.  27,  '41 
(L.  H.  Bridwell).  Proctacanthus  milbertii  Macq.  1,  a  male 
killed  by  a  female,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  11,  ’34  (SWB). 
Asilus  sadyates  Walker.  1,  Aug.  26,  '34,  East  Lansing, 
Mich.  (SYVB).  * 


28  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Fol.  XLIV 


Bee  flies.  Villa  sp.  1,  E.  Lansing,  Mich.  Aug.  11,  ’34  (SWB). 
Systoechus  vulgaris  Loew.  1,  East  Lansing,  Mich.  Aug.  25, 
’34  (SWB). 

Flesh  fly,  Sarcophaga  communis  Park.  1,  Milford,  Ohio  Aug. 
25,  ’38  (SWB). 

Drone  fly,  Eristalis  vinetorum  Fabr.  1,  College  Station,  Texas, 
Sept.  21,  ’33  (H.  J.  Reinhard).  1,  Small  Tachinid  fly,  Zenil- 
lia  sp.,  College  Station,  Texas,  Sept.  21,  ’33  (H.  J.  Reinhard). 

Hemiptera-Homoptera.  19  records. 

Squash-bug,  Anasa  tristis  DeGeer.  6,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Sept. 
1934,  along  large  field  of  squash  (SWB). 

Stink  bugs.  Euschistus  servis  Say.  4,  Adams  Township,  Ohio, 
Aug.  1935  (R.  T.  Everley)  Pcribalus  limbolarius  Stal.  1, 
East  Lansing  Mich.,  Aug.  11,  ’34  (SWB)  (det.  U.  S.  N.  M.) 
Cosmopcpla  bimaculata  Thomas  (det.  U.  S.  N.  M.)  1,  East 

Lansing,  Mich.  Aug.  5,  ’34  (SWB).  Hymenarcys  aequalis 
Say  (det.  U.  S.  N.  M.)  East  Lansing,  Aug.  5,  ’34  (SWB). 
Treebug,  Brocliymena  4-pustulata  Fabr.  1,  East  Lansing, 
Mich.,  Aug.  5,  ’34  (SWB).  Bush-clover  stink-bug,  Alydus 
eurinus  Say.  2,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  12-18,  '34  (SWB). 

Leafhopper,  Gypona  sp.  (det.  U.  S.  N.  M.)  East  Lansing,  Mich., 
Aug.  ’34  ‘(SWB). 

Bufifalo  Tree-hopper,  Ccrcsa  bubalus  Fabr.  1,  East  Lansing,  Mich., 
Aug.  12,  ’34  (SWB). 

Odonata.  1  record. 

Aeschna  tuberculata  Walker.  1,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Aug.  1934 
(SWB).  The  dragon  fly  was  hit  by  the  rim  of  the  collector’s 
net,  injuring  the  abdomen,  so  that  it  mounted  in  circles  sky¬ 
ward  and  then  circled  slowly  toward  the  ground.  About  four 
feet  from  the  ground  it  seemed  to  drop  suddenly.  An  in¬ 
vestigation  disclosed  that  the  dragon  fly  had  been  seized  by 
the  Asilid  which  was  now  resting  on  the  ground  with  the 
big  Aeschna  in  its  grasp.  The  incident  was  very  reminiscent 
of  an  observation  made  by  Dr.  Robert  B.  Gordon  in  North 
Central  Ohio  a  number  of  years  ago.  A  good  sized  chicken 
was  hit  by  a  car  and,  although  badly  injured,  was  not  killed. 
A  cooper  hawk  struck  the  flopping  bird  and  finished  it  off, 
demonstrating  that  predatory  creatures  sense  weakness  or  in¬ 
jury  in  their  prey  and  that  such  weakness  will  facilitate  their 
capture. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  29 


NOTES  ON  PUERTO  RICAN  BITING  MIDGES  OR 

CULICOIDES  (DIPTERA:  CERATOPOGONIDAE) 

Bv  Irving  Fox,  School  of  Tropical  Medicine, 

San  Juan,  Puerto  Rico. 

Progress  in  the  taxonomy  of  the  Neotropical  species  of  Culicoides 
is  greatly  handicapped  because  they  are  known,  for  the  most  part, 
from  females  only.  Of  the  sixty  odd  species  reported  from  this 
region,  the  males  of  more  than  two-thirds  are  unknown,  an  un¬ 
fortunate  situation  because  that  sex  in  its  hypopygium  nearly  always 
exhibits  much  better  characters  for  separation  of  species  than  does 
the  female.  In  this  paper  the  male  hypopygia  of  five  Puerto  Rican 
species  are  described  and  illustrated,  and  also  important  characters 
of  the  females  not  brought  out  in  the  original  descriptions  are  em¬ 
phasized  ;  four  of  these  species  are  new  records  for  Puerto  Rico. 

The  material  which  provided  the  basis  for  this  work  is  in  the 
entomological  collection  of  the  Department  of  Medical  Zoology, 
School  of  Tropical  Medicine,  San  Juan,  Puerto  Rico,  where  it 
accumulated  through  the  efforts  of  several  collectors.  Particular 
thanks  are  due  in  this  connection  to  Capt.  Charles  E.  Kohler,  U.  S. 
Public  Health  Service,  John  W.  H.  Rehn,  Columbia  University  and 
Capt.  George  D.  Penick,  M.  C.,  Army  of  the  U.  S.  for  their  courtesy 
in  permitting  examination  of  their  light  trap  collections. 

Culicoides  hoffmani  Fox 

Culicoides  hoffmani  Fox,  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  Ann.  39:  251,  Figs.  6 
and  9,  1946. 

Male  hypopygium. — Ninth  tergite  with  broad  triangular  apico- 
lateral  processes.  Aedoeagus  distally  divided  into  three  processes 
(Fig.  1,  a)  ;  harpes  and  processes  of  the  sidepiece  as  shown  in  Fig. 
1,  c.  Ninth  sternite  broadly  notched. 

Female. — Antenna  with  the  segments  in  a  series  continuously 
increasing  in  length  without  an  abrupt  change  between  segments  10 
and  11.  Palpus  (Fig.  1,  d)  with  the  second  segment  considerably 
shorter  than  the  third,  the  pit  of  the  latter  circular  and  prominent. 
Spermathecae  (Fig.  1,  b)  with  the  base  of  the  ducts  broad  and 
sclerotized  for  a  more  than  usual  distance. 

Material. — The  comments  and  illustrations  concerning  this  spe¬ 
cies  are  made  from  a  male  and  a  female  specimen,  selected  from  a 
small  series,  reared  out  of  tree-hole  debris  collected  at  Mameyes, 
Puerto  Rico  on  November  5,  1948.  The  male  is  designated  the 


30  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  V ol .  XLiv 


allotype.  Several  males  and  females  reared  out  of  tree-hole  debris 
collected  at  Luquillo,  Puerto  Rico,  May  12,  1932  are  also  in  the 
collection. 

Remarks. — This  species,  originally  described  from  Trinidad,  is 
very  similar  to  the  Brazilian  C.  debilipalpis  Lutz  in  the  structure  of 
the  female  palpus  and  in  the  arrangement  of  the  light  and  dark  spots 
of  the  wing.  It  differs  however  in  the  palpus  which  in  debilipalpis 
has  the  second  segment  as  long  as  the  third.  The  male  of  debili¬ 
palpis  has  not  -been  described. 

Culicoides  borinqueni  Fox  and  Hoffman 

Culicoides  borinqueni  Fox  and  Hoffman,  Puerto  Rico  Jour.  Pub. 

Health  and  Trop.  Med.  20:  110,  Fig.  4,  1944. 

Male  hypopygium. — Ninth  tergite  with  the  anterior  border 
notched,  the  apico-lateral  processes  long.  Aedoeagus  and  harpes 
as  shown  in  Figs.  2,  a  and  d.  Inner  process  of  the  sidepiece  slender 
and  acuminate.  Ninth  sternite  broadly  excavated. 

Female. — Antenna  with  the  last  five  segments  markedly  differing 
in  length  and  shape  from  the  others,  the  change  between  segments 
10  and  11  being  abrupt.  Palpus  (Fig.  2,  e)  with  the  second  seg¬ 
ment  shorter  than  the  third,  the  latter  massive  with  a  large,  distinct 
pit.  The  wing,  illustrated  more  accurately  than  in  the  original 
description,  is  shown  in  Fig.  2,  b.  Spermathecae  (Fig.  2,  c)  with 
the  base  of  the  ducts  sclerotized  for  a  short  distance. 

Material. — Re-described  and  illustrated  from  the  female  holotype 
(Fig.  2,  e),  a  female  paratype  (Figs.  2,  b  and  c)  and  the  male  allo¬ 
type.  The  species  has  not  been  collected  again  since  it  was  first 
discovered  at  Palmas  Aba  jo,  Puerto  Rico  in  1931.  The  published 
record  from  Luquillo,  P.  R.  (Fox,  1946,  p.  252)  was  an  error  of 
determination,  C.  hoffmani  being  involved. 

Remarks. — While  very  similar  to  debilipalpis  in  the  female  wing 
as  has  been  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Macfie  (1948,  pp.  73  and  87),  this 
species  is  immediately  distinguished  from  it  by  the  antenna  and  the 
palpus  which  are  very  different  from  those  of  the  Brazilian  form. 

Culicoides  trilineatus  Fox 

Culicoides  trilineatus  Fox,  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  Ann.  39:  250,  Figs. 
5  and  11,  1946. 

Male  hypopygium. — Ninth  tergite  notched,  the  apico-lateral  proc¬ 
esses  broad  and  triangular.  Aedoeagus  and  harpes  as  shown  in 
Figs.  3,  and  c.  Ninth  sternite  broadly  excavated. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  31 


Female. — Antenna  with  the  segments  continuously  increasing  in 
length  without  an  abrupt  change  in  shape  between  segments  10  and 
11.  Palpus  (Fig.  3  d)  with  the  second  segment  almost  as  long  as 
the  third.  Cell  Mi  of  the  wing  with  two  light  spots  but  the  proximal 
one  smaller  and  less  distinct  than  the  distal.  Spermathecae  (Fig. 
3,  b)  with  the  base  of  the  ducts  narrow  and  sclerotized  for  a  long 
distance. 

Material. — The  male  is  described  from  a  specimen,  designated  the 
allotype,  which  was  reared  out  of  tree-hole  debris  collected  Novem¬ 
ber  5,  1948  at  Luquillo,  Puerto  Rico.  The  comments  and  illustra¬ 
tions  concerning  the  female  were  made  from  two  specimens  which 
emerged  from  the  same  material. 

Remarks. — This  species,  which  was  originally  described  from  St. 
Thomas,  is  also  similar  in  certain  respects  to  debilipalpis  as  has  been 
mentioned  by  Dr.  Macfie  (1948,  p.  72).  The  female  differs  how¬ 
ever  in  the  peculiar  pattern  of  the  mesonotum  and  in  the  wing  which 
is  provided  with  many  macrotrichia  in  the  anal  cell,  characters  which 
were  illustrated  in  the  original  description.  The  fact  is  that  all 
three  of  the  above  species  show  strong  resemblances  in  the  pattern  of 
light  and  dark  spots  of  the  female  wing  to  debilipalpis.  One  may 
possibly  be  the  same  as  the  Brazilian  species  known  from  the  female 
only  (although  the  writer  does  not  think  so)  but  all  three  cannot  be 
because  the  hypopygia  of  the  males  are  markedly  different  from  each 
other,  not  even  suggesting  any  relationship. 

Culicoides  guttatus  (Coquillett) 

Ceratopogon  guttatus  Coquillett,  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  Jour.  12 :  35,  1904. 

Male  hypopygiurn. — Aedoeagus  (Fig.  4,  a)  differing  from  the 
other  members  of  the  subgenus  (Hoff mania  Fox,  1948)  in  that  the 
tip  is  button-like  rather  than  ball-like.  The  harpes  (Fig.  4,  d)  are 
similar  to  those  of  C.  diabolicus  Floffman,  but  united  for  a  greater 
portion  basally  than  in  that  species. 

Female. — Antenna  with  the  segments  in  a  series  continuously 
increasing  in  length  without  an  abrupt  change  between  segments 
10  and  11.  Wing  (Fig.  4,  b)  characterized  particularly  by  the 
presence  of  a  small  isolated  dark  spot  near  the  tip  of  vein  R.,+r>  and 
by  the  dark  cross-vein.  Spermathecae  (Fig.  4,  c)  with  the  base  of 
the  ducts  sclerotized  for  a  very  short  distance. 

Material. — The  male  was  described  and  illustrated  from  a  speci¬ 
men  taken  in  a  light  trap  at  Camp  Tortugero,  Puerto  Rico,  August 
6,  1948,  which  is  designated  the  allotype.  The  illustrations  of  the 


32  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v °l •  XL1V 


female  were  made  from  a  specimen  in  the  same  lot  (Fig.  4,  b)  and 
from  another  (Fig.  4,  c)  taken  in  a  light  trap  at  Camp  O’Reilly, 
Puerto  Rico,  Aug  30,  1948. 

Remarks. — The  species  believed  to  be  guttatus  is  widely  dis¬ 
tributed  in  the  Neotropical  Region,  for  in  addition  to  these  from 
Puerto  Rico,  specimens  have  been  studied  from  Brazil,  Venezuela 
and  Mexico.  Dr.  Macfie  ( 1948,  p.  70)  indicates  six  possible  syno¬ 
nyms — diabolicus  Hoffman,  filariferus  Hoffman,  bimaculatus  Floch 
and  Abonnenc,  painteri  Fox,  pseudodiabolicus  Fox  and  trinidadensis 
Hoffman.  From  the  zoological  point  of  view  there  is  little  doubt 
that  this  species  differs  from  the  one  known  as  diabolicus  because 
the  hypopygia  are  different.  If  Dr.  Macfie  is  right  in  his  principal 
point,  a  nomenclatorial  one,  that  diabolicus  Hoffman  is  the  same 
insect  which  Coquillett  described  as  guttatus  then  the  species  under 
consideration  would  appear  to  require  a  new  name  since  bimaculatus 
(known  only  from  the  female)  is  said  to  lack  the  dark  cross-vein, 
and  the  other  names  have  already  been  disposed  of  (Fox,  1948). 
Tbe  late  Dr.  W.  A.  Hoffman  believed  the  species  here  re-described, 
of  which  he  had  female  specimens  from  Brazil,  to  be  guttatus  and  the 
writer  concurs  in  this  opinion. 

Culicoides  loughnani  jamaicensis  Edwards 

Culicoides  loughnani  var.  jamaicensis  Edwards,  Bui.  Ent.  Res.  13: 
165,  PI.  Ill,  fig.  10,  1922. 

Male  hypopygium. — Ninth  tergite  straight  without  a  distinct 
notch,  the  apico-lateral  processes  large.  Aedoeagus  and  harpes  as. 
shown  in  Figs.  5,  a  and  c.  Inner  process  of  the  sidepiece  very 


Explanation  of  Plate  I 

Fig.  1.  Culicoides  hoffmani  Fox.  a,  aedoeagus ;  b,  spermathe- 
cae  ;  c,  harpes ;  d,  female  palpus. 

Fig.  2.  C.  borinqueni  Fox  and  Hoffman,  a,  aedoeagus;  b,  fe¬ 
male  wing;  c,  spermathecae ;  d,  harpes;  e,  female  palpus. 

Fig.  3.  C.  trilineatus  Fox.  a,  aedoeagus;  b,  spermathecae;  c, 
harpes ;  d,  female  palpus. 

Fig.  4.  C.  guttatus  (Coq.)  a,  aedoeagus;  b,  female  wing;  c, 
spermathecae ;  d,  harpes. 

Fig.  5.  C.  loughnani  jamaicensis  Edwards,  a,  aedoeagus;  b, 
spermathecae ;  c,  harpes ;  d,  female  mesonotal  pattern ;  e,  female- 
palpus. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  33 


Bull.  B.E.S.  Yol.  XLIV  Plate  I 


5.  I.jama'ic ensis 


a 


e 


34  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  t7 °l .  XL1Y 


narrow.  Membrane  between  the  aedoeagus  and  the  ninth  sternite 
not  spiculate. 

Female. — Eyes  very  close  together,  contiguous  at  least  partly. 
Antenna  with  the  last  live  segments  markedly  different  in  length 
and  shape  from  segments  4—10  which  are  subequal ;  the  change 
between  segments  10  and  11  abrupt.  Palpus  (Fig.  5,  e)  with  the 
third  segment  much  larger  than  the  second  and  bearing  a  circular 
pit  on  a  prominent  tubercle.  Mesonotum  with  a  distinct  pattern 
as  shown  in  Fig.  5,  d.  Wing  with  the  light  and  dark  spots  arranged 
exactly  as  shown  in  the  photograph  illustrating  the  original  descrip¬ 
tion.  Spermathecae  (Fig.  5,  b)  with  the  base  of  the  ducts  not 
sclerotized. 

Material. — The  comments  and  illustrations  concerning  this  spe¬ 
cies  are  based  on  a  male  and  a  female  specimen  from  Sabana  Seca, 
Puerto  Rico  collected  by  means  of  a  light-trap  August  22,  1948. 
The  male  is  designated  the  allotype. 

Remarks. — This  insect  was  originally  described  from  Jamaica  and 
has  been  reported  from  the  Canal  Zone  (Hoffman  1925,  p.  283)  and 
Mexico  (Macfie  1948,  p.  80).  It  is  similar  to  copiosus  Root  and 
Hoffman  but  differs  in  several  important  features.  The  hypopy- 
gium  is  different  in  that  the  ninth  tergite  is  straight  and  there  is  no 
spiculate  membrane  between  the  aedoeagus  and  the  ninth  sternite. 
The  female  wing  differs  in  that  the  distal  light  spot  in  cell  R3  reaches 
the  anterior  border  while  in'  copiosus  it  does  not  do  so.  The  sper¬ 
mathecae  of  jamiaicensis  differ  from  those  of  copiosus  in  that  no 
part  of  the  base  of  the  ducts  is  sclerotized. 

Literature  Cited 

Fox,  I.  1946.  A  review  of  the  species  of  biting  midges  or  Culi- 
coides  from  the  Caribbean  Region.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  Ann.  39 : 
248-258,  Figs.  1-11. 

— ,  1948.  Hoffmania,  a  new  subgenus  in  Culicoides  (Diptera: 
Ceratopogonidae) .  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  Proc.  61:  21-28,  Figs. 
1-8. 

Hoffman,  W.  A.  1925.  A  review  of  the  species  of  Culicoides  of 
North  and  Central  America  and  the  West  Indies.  Amer.  Jour. 
Hyg.  5 :  274—301,  PI.  I.  Figs.  1-12;  PI.  II,  Figs.  1-17. 

M  ache,  J.  W.  S.  1948.  Some  species  of  Culicoides  (Diptera: 
Ceratopogonidae)  from  the  State  of  Chiapas,  Mexico.  Ann. 
Trop.  Med.  and  Parasitol.  42:  67-87,  Figs.  1  10. 


Feb.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  35 


BOOK  NOTES 

Days  Without  Time,  by  Edwin  Way  Teale.  xiv  +  283  pp.,  144 
photographs.  7x10  ins.,  cloth  bound.  1948.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Com¬ 
pany,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (Price,  $6.00) 

This  book  is  a  series  of  recollections  of  those  days  when  Teale 
was  able  to  forget  about  schedules  and  deadlines  and  become 
acquainted  with  the  wonders  of  the  natural  world.  For  him  it  is 
memories  of  days  without  time. 

The  material  is  divided  into  29  chapters  and  except  for  the 
first  one  which  is  an  introduction  they  deal  with  specific  adven¬ 
tures  in  the  world  of  nature.  Some  of  the  chapter  headings  are 
Bird  Invasion,  Night  Above  the  City,  Birds  In  the  Wind,  Trees 
That  I  Remember,  Wonder  Eggs,  The  Autumn  Shore  and  Green 
Fire.  Eighty  pages  of  excellent  photographs,  many  full  size,  ac¬ 
company  the  text. 

For  the  most  part  the  material  is  descriptive  and  it  is  so  skill¬ 
fully  presented  that  one  has  the  feeling  that  he  is  seeing  the  ac¬ 
tual  scenes  which  Teale  observed.  Because  of  the  general  excellence 
of  the  book  it  is  difficult  to  select  any  chapter  as  being  outstanding 
in  its  exposition.  Naturally  each  reader  will  find  certain  chapters 
which  engage  his  attention  more  than  others.  The  chapters  on 
Green  Fire  and  Wonder  Eggs  were  particularly  fascinating  to 
this  reviewer  yet  all  of  the  chapters  of  Days  Without  Time  are 
extremely  interesting  and  are  recommended  for  those  who  seek 
pleasure  in  good  books. — George  S.  Tullqch,  Merrick,  N.  Y. 


The  Corixidae  of  the  Western  Hemisphere.  By  FI.  B.  Hun- 
gerford  (including  a  monograph  on  the  Trichocorixa  by  R.  I. 
Sailer).  University  of  Kansas  Science  Bulletin,  Vol.  XXXII,  pp. 
1—827,  112  plates,  one  in  color,  19  text  figures,  6x9  ins.,  cloth 
bound.  Printed  by  Fred  Voiland,  Jr.,  Topeka,  Kansas.  Novem¬ 
ber  25,  1948. 

This  paper  is  a  monographic  revision  of  the  family  Corixidae  of 
the  Western  Hemisphere  in  which  Dr.  Reece  I.  Sailer  contri¬ 
buted  the  section  dealing  with  the  genus  Trichocorixa.  In  ad¬ 
dition  to  the  taxonomic  considerations  there  is  included  material 
dealing  with  the  habits  and  morphology  of  the  corixids.  Special 
attention  is  given  to  the  technique  of  identifying  these  bugs.  A 
separate  section  is  devoted  to  a  glossary  of  terms  used  in  the 
paper. 


36  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Voi.  xliv 


Prior  to  this  paper  165  species  and  6  subspecies  of  Corixidae 
were  known  from  the  Western  Hemisphere.  This  paper  adds 
descriptions  of  44  new  species  (7  by  Sailer)  and  6  new  subspecies 
(3  by  Sailer)  and  brings  together  information  on  the  209  species 
and  12  subspecies  known  to  occur  in  this  hemisphere.  Following 
the  bibliography  given  for  each  species  there  are  sections  dealing 
with  size,  color,  structural  characteristics,  location  of  types,  com¬ 
parative  notes  and  data  on  distribution  which  in  many  cases  is 
supplemented  by  maps.  Habitat  notes  are  included  whenever 
information  is  available. — George  S.  Tulloch,  Merrick,  N.  Y. 


Spider  Feeds  on  Honeybee.  While  checking  on  honeybee 
mortality  in  front  of  beehives  at  the  North  Logan  Experimental 
Farm  on  September  8,  1948,  a  case  of  spider  predatism  was 
observed.  Mr.  Frank  E.  Todd  called  the  writer’s  attention  to 
a  crab  spider  which  was  feeding  on  a  worker  honeybee.  This  was 
observed  at  7 :40  a.m.  During  the  night  before,  the  temperature 
in  the  nearby  weatherbox  recorded  37°F,  and  the  morning  was  cool. 
The  spider  acted  cold,  moved  its  legs  when  handled,  but  did  not 
release  its  hold  on  the  workerbee  until  both  spider  and  prey  had 
been  dropped  into  a  vial  of  70  percent  alcohol. 

The  spider  was  sent  to  Dr.  W.  J.  Gertsch,  who  identified  it  as 
a  female  Xysticns  cnnctator  Thorell.  Dr.  Gertsch  explained  that 
this  species  is  a  “cousin”  of  the  Misumena  calycina  L.  which  the 
writer  had  observed  to  be  feeding  on  a  worker  honeybee  in  front 
of  a  beehive  at  Holladay,  LTtah  on  July  9,  1947. — G.  F.  Knowl- 
ton,  Logan,  Utah. 


BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

BROOKLYN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY 


Vol.  XLIV  April,  1949  No.  2 


NEW  SPECIES  OF  NEARCTIC  CADDIS  FLIES. 

By  D.  G.  Denning,  Laramie,  Wyoming. 

Recent  examination  of  several  collections  of  Trichoptera  have 
revealed  a  number  of  new  species  ten  of  which  are  described  herein. 
Grateful  acknowledgment  is  made  to  Dr.  C.  P.  Alexander  and  mem¬ 
bers  of  his  staff  at  the  University  of  Massachusetts  and  to  Dr.  R.  H. 
Beamer  of  the  University  of  Kansas  for  collecting  the  majority  of 
the  species  described  in  this  paper.  Unless  indicated  otherwise 
types  are  in  the  author’s  collection  at  the  University  of  Wyoming. 

Rhyacophila  ebria,  n.  sp. 

This  species,  a  member  of  the  rotunda  Banks  norcuta  Ross  com¬ 
plex,  is  most  closely  related  to  rotunda.  It  can  easily  be  separated 
from  that  species  by  the  shorter  more  robust  tenth  tergite  with  a 
short  rather  than  deep  and  wide  mesal  notch,  by  the  acute  rather 
than  blunt  lateral  arms  of  the  aedeagus  and  several  other  details  of 
the  genitalia. 

Male. — Length  10-11.5  mm.  Head,  body  and  base  of  legs  black, 
wings  uniformly  dark  brown,  apical  portion  of  legs  fuscous,  antennae 
dark  brown. 

Genitalia  as  in  fig.  1.  Tenth  tergite  only  slightly  longer  than 
wide,  distal  margin  distinctly  emarginate  when  viewed  from  lateral 
aspect,  projected  caudad  to  almost  the  same  level  as  the  basal  seg¬ 
ment  of  the  clasper ;  when  viewed  dorsally,  fig.  1A,  mesal  notch 
narrow  and  shallow.  Basal  segment  of  clasper  gradually  narrowed 
apically  much  narrower  than  rotunda,  but  with  a  similar  finger-like 
projection  of  the  apico-ventral  corner ;  apical  segment  much  deeper 
than  long,  distal  margin  sinuate.  Ventral  portion  of  tenth  tergite 
is  produced  into  a  prominent  complex  structure  consisting  of  a  blunt 
dorsal  process,  a  thin  acute  lateral  piece  and  a  large  flat  center 

37 


38  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Fol.  XLIV 


portion  as  shown  in  fig.  IB.  Aedeagus  consists  of  a  heavily  sclero¬ 
tized  central  portion  which  is  acute  apically  and  projected  dorsad 
when  viewed  laterally  (very  short  and  blunt  in  rotunda ),  ventro- 
apical  corner  produced  into  a  long,  slender  acuminate  point ;  from 
base  arise  a  pair  of  extensile  membranous  arms,  apex  acute,  covered 
with  a  dense  brush  of  bristles,  fig.  1C. 

Female. — Length  11.5  mm.  Identical  in  color  and  general  ap¬ 
pearance  to  male  except  more  robust.  Apex  of  abdomen  drawn  out 
into  a  cylindrical  and  unmodified  tube. 

Holotype.  Male. — Glacier  Park,  Montana,  Logan  Pass,  eleva¬ 
tion  6660  feet,  August  27,  1947,  (C.  P.  Alexander). 

Allotype.  Female. — Same  data  as  for  holotype. 

Paratypes. — Same  data  as  for  holotype,  8  males. 

One  paratype  deposited  in  the  collection  of  the  University  of 
Massachusetts. 


Agapetus  montanus,  n.  sp. 

On  the  basis  of  the  peculiarly  shaped  ninth  tergite,  the  dorsally 
narrowed  short  claspers  and  the  wide,  long  tenth  tergite  this  species 
can  easily  be  separated  from  other  described  species. 

Male. — Length  4-4.5  mm.  Body  and  antennae  dark  brown,  legs 
luteous,  wings  uniformly  dark  brown.  Abdomen  with  the  usual 
ovate  organ  on  fifth  segment,  mesal  process  on  sixth  sternite  short, 
blunt,  directed  ventrad. 

Genitalia  as  in  fig.  2.  Lateral  aspect  of  ninth  segment  with  dor¬ 
sum  narrow,  sternum  wide,  somewhat  jug-shaped  in  appearance. 
Tenth  tergite  bilobed  from  base,  each  lateral  lobe  acute  apically, 
gradually  divergent ;  from  lateral  aspect  base  wide,  gradually  taper¬ 
ing  to  an  acute,  dark,  sclerotized  point  directed  caudo-dorsad,  cerci 
relatively  short,  practically  same  width  throughout,  six  long  setae 
present,  apex  truncate.  Claspers,  from  lateral  view,  short,  nar¬ 
rowed  dorsally,  apico-ventral  corner  rounded ;  a  short  distance 
dorsad  from  ventral  margin  is  a  prominent  heavily  sclerotized  acute 
short  point  directed  dorso-mesad  ;  approximately  midway  along  dor¬ 
sal  margin  is  a  heavily  sclerotized  acute  short  point  directed  mesad. 
Aedeagus  consists  of  a  long  tubular  structure  originating  in  the 
seventh  segment. 

Female. — Length  4.5  mm.  Very  similar  to  male  in  general 
appearance  and  size.  Fifth  segment  with  a  crescentric  line,  sixth 
segment  bearing  a  short,  blunt,  ventral  directed  mesal  process. 
Genitalia  as  in  fig.  2A;  dorsal  portion,  from  lateral  aspect,  bluntly 
triangular,  latei'al  portion  projected  caudad  and  slightly  ventrad  as 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  39 


a  large  flap,  ventral  portion  projecting  caudad  beyond  any  other 
part  of  segment,  apical  margin  of  sternum  truncate  from  ventral 
aspect. 

Holotype.  Male. — Drummond,  Montana,  August  11,  1931,  (R. 
H.  Beamer). 

Allotype.  Female. — Same  data  as  for  holotype. 

Paratype. — Same  data  as  for  holotype,  4  males. 

Holotype,  allotype  and  two  paratypes  deposited  in  the  collection 
of  the  University  of  Kansas. 

Polycentropus  smithae,  n.  sp. 

This  species  bears  closest  resemblance  to  iculus  Ross,  but  on  the 
basis  of  the  genitalia  it  can  readily  be  differentiated  from  it  or  other 
members  of  the  genus. 

Male. — Length  7.5  mm.  Wings  light  fuscous,  legs  and  antennae 
a  trifle  lighter  in  color.  Genitalia  as  in  fig.  3.  Ninth  tergite  mem¬ 
branous,  irregular,  caudal  portion  covered  with  minute  setae. 
Ninth  sternite  only  slightly  wider  than  long,  ventral  margin  pro¬ 
duced  into  a  very  short  triangular  mesal  projection,  dorsal  margin 
somewhat  triangular  when  viewed  from  lateral  aspect.  Tenth  ter¬ 
gite  consists  of  a  pair  of  prominent  dorso-caudad  directed  hooks ; 
when  viewed  from  dorsal  aspect,  fig.  3A,  base  broad,  apex  acute, 
directed  laterad ;  from  either  dorsal  or  lateral  aspect  a  large  spine 
is  evident  near  apex  and  one  near  base,  fig.  3.  Cerci  quite  broad, 
orbicular.  From  the  meso-ventral  corner  of  the  cerci  there  arises  a 
pair  of  convergent,  prominent,  heavily  sclerotized  and  ventrad  di¬ 
rected  hooks,  which  are  partially  covered  by  the  claspers  when  seen 
from  lateral  aspect.  Dorsad  to  this  structure  and  extending  to  base 
of  tenth  tergite  appears  a  flattened  bell-shaped  structure  which  is 
closely  appressed  and  partially  covers  basal  portion  of  aedeagus. 
Claspers  about  twice  as  wide  as  long,  apex  truncate ;  a  large  mesad 
directed  tooth  arises  about  midway  along  dorsal  margin,  fig.  3B ; 
on  the  mesal  surface  arises  a  prominent  triangular  ridge.  Aedeagus 
consists  of  a  sinuate  tubular  dorsal  part  and  a  ventral  part  with  apex 
divided  into  a  pair  of  large  dorsad  directed  lobes,  apex  covered  with 
short  spicules. 

Holotype.  Male. — Huntington  Ravine,  Mt.  Washington,  New 
Hampshire,  elevation  5000  feet,  July  17,  1942,  (Marion  Smith). 

I  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  species  in  honor  of  Professor 
Marion  E.  Smith  of  the  University  of  Massachusetts  who  collected 
this  interesting  species. 


40  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  vol.  XLIV 


Parapsyche  extensa,  n.  sp. 

This  species  is  most  closely  related  to  almota  Ross  but  differs 
markedly  from  it  and  other  described  species  in  the  shape  of  the 
clasper,  the  ninth  segment  and  the  apex  of  the  aedeagus. 

Male. — Length  12  mm.  Head  and  body  black,  antennae  and  legs 
dark  brown.  Wings  gray  with  a  scattering  of  light  marks  over 
entire  wing.  Genitalia  as  in  fig.  4.  Ninth  segment  rather  wide 
throughout,  dorsum  produced  into  a  prominent  pair  of  slightly 
declivous  humps.  Tenth  tergite  divided  into  a  pair  of  cylindrical 
apically  blunt,  convergent  arms ;  from  dorsal  aspect  very  similar  to 
almota;  base  of  each  with  a  patch  of  fairly  long  setae.  Claspers 
short,  about  same  width  throughout,  dorso-distal  corner  truncate ; 
thumb-like  process  extended  considerable  distance  caudad,  almost 
one-half  the  length  of  clasper,  dorsal  and  ventral  margin  sinuate, 
apex  blunt,  covered  with  short  spicules.  Aedeagus  with  wide  base, 
middle  portion  cylindrical  and  greatly  constricted,  apex  irregular, 
membranous,  sclerotized  hook  blunt,  as  in  fig.  4A. 

Holotype.  Male.- — Lassen  National  Forest,  California,  King’s 
Creek  Meadows,  elevation  7500  feet,  July  6,  1947,  (C.  P.  Alex¬ 
ander). 

Hydropsyche  alvata,  n.  sp. 

This  species  is  closely  related  to  orris  Ross  and  bidens  Ross, 
differing  from  these  two  species  mainly  in  the  apical  portion  of  the 
apex  of  the  aedeagus  bei'ng  short,  blunt  and  wide. 

Male. — Length  8-9  mm.  Wings  brownish,  irrorate;  similar  in 
general  appearance  and  structure  to  bidens  and  orris.  Genitalia 
as  in  fig.  5.  Ninth  segment,  tenth  tergite  and  claspers  very  similar 
in  appearance  to  that  described  and  illustrated  by  Ross  for  bidens 
and  orris  except  that  the  lateral  lobes  of  the  tenth  tergite,  from 
dorsal  aspect,  fig.  5B,  is  more  rounded  and  the  mesal  incision  is  not 
so  sharply  V-shaped.  Aedeagus  with  middle  portion  cylindrical, 
apical  portion  considerably  widened ;  mesal  plates  relatively  short 
and  wide,  apex  blunt,  fig.  5 ;  mesal  plates  quite  far  apart  from 
ventral  aspect,  fig.  5A ;  ventral  cavity  orbicular,  mesal  plates  widest 
at  apex,  when  seen  from  ventral  aspect  they  are  separated  for  about 
one-half  their  length. 

Holotype.  Male. — Jackson,  Mississippi,  April  24—30,  1946,  (P. 
H.  Harden). 

Para  types. — Mississippi.  Same  data  as  holotype  except  June  27, 
1948  and  March  3-10,  1946,  2  males.  Illinois. — Nomence,  June 
24,  1936,  at  light,  (Burks  and  Ayars).  Michigan— Paw  Paw,  July 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  41 


18,  1944,  (J.  S.  Ayars).  The  latter  two  paratypic  males  were 
loaned  to  the  author  by  Dr.  H.  H.  Ross  so  that  they  might  be  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  type  series  and  are  deposited  in  the  Illinois  Natural 
History  Survey  collection. 

Cheumatopsyche  virginica,  n.  sp. 

This  is  an  interesting  species  which  is  probably  most  closely 
related  to  sordida  Hagen  but  differs  radically  from  it  and  other 
described  species.  The  peculiar  tenth  tergite  and  the  apex  of  the 
aedeagus  will  serve  for  quick  identification  of  this  species. 

Male. — Length  6  mm.  Color  of  head  and  body  light  brown,  ap¬ 
pendages  and  wings  straw  color,  wings  with  only  a  faint  indication 
of  an  irrorate  pattern.  Genitalia  as  in  fig.  6.  Ninth  segment  with 
lateral  portion  moderately  wide  throughout,  sternum  extended  cau- 
dad  beyond  any  other  portion  of  segment,  dorsum  reduced  to  a 
narrow  strap  bearing  two  tufts  of  long  setae.  Tenth  tergite  fairly 
long,  dorsal  portion  semi-membranous ;  setiferous  wart  bulbous,  di¬ 
rected  dorso-laterad,  very  prominent  from  either  dorsal  or  ventral 
view;  apical  lobes  directed  dorsad,  apex  bidentate,  fig.  6,  mesal  por¬ 
tion  rounded,  does  not  extend  dorsad  of  lobes.  Claspers  convergent, 
rather  short ;  basal  segment  stocky,  bulbous  toward  apex  ;  apical  seg¬ 
ment  short,  triangular.  Aedeagus  with  basal  part  large,  suddenly 
constricted  and  curved  ventro-caudad ;  from  ventral  aspect,  fig.  6A, 
apex  greatly  enlarged,  lateral  lobes  divergent,  widely  separated, 
apex  of  lobes  triangular,  distinct  notch  toward  base. 

Holotype.  Male. — Dismal  Swamp,  Virginia,  August  13,  1934, 
(R.  H.  Beamer). 

Type  deposited  in  the  collection  of  the  University  of  Kansas. 

Cheumatopsyche  harwoodi,  n.  sp. 

This  species  can  be  separated  from  wrighti  Ross,  its  closest  rela¬ 
tive,  by  the  triangular  apical  lobes  of  the  tenth  tergite,  especially 
when  seen  from  the  caudad  aspect,  and  by  the  distinct  separation 
of  the  apical  lobes  from  the  main  body  of  the  tenth  tergite  when 
seen  from  the  lateral  aspect. 

Male. — Length  7.5  mm.  Genitalia  as  in  fig.  7.  Color  of  head 
and  body  dark  brown,  appendages  a  trifle  lighter  in  color.  Wings 
very  dark  brown,  no  indication  of  an  irrorate  pattern.  Ninth  seg¬ 
ment  with  small  lateral  lobe,  dorsum  considerably  narrowed  and 
bearing  a  paired  tuft  of  long  setae.  Tenth  tergite,  fig.  7,  short, 
deep  ;  lateral  setiferous  wart  slender,  fairly  long,  located  near  vcntro- 


42  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLIV 


caudad  corner  of  tergite,  (longer  and  more  slender  than  in  wrighti 
Ross).  Apical  lobes  of  tenth  tergite  very  wide,  directed  dorsad 
only  a  short  distance  beyond  remainder ;  from  lateral  aspect  they 
appear  sinuate ;  setae  short  except  slightly  longer  along  dorsal 
margin  especially  when  seen  from  the  caudal  aspect,  fig.  7 A,  from 
this  view  caudal  surface  concave,  lobes  triangular  and  contiguous ; 
from  lateral  aspect,  fig.  7,  lobes  distinctly  separated  their  entire 
length  from  remainder  of  tergite.  Claspers  similar  to  wrighti  Ross, 
slender,  apex  acute  and  curved  mesad.  Aedeagus  with  basal  part 
large,  bulbous,  apical  part  cylindrical ;  apex  short,  blunt. 

Female. — Length  7-8  mm.  Size,  color  and  general  structure 
identical  to  male.  Diagnostic  characters  are  present  in  the  shape  of 
the  clasper  receptacle  which  is  long  and  narrow  throughout,  fig.  7B. 

Holotype.  Male. — Gatlenburg,  Tennessee,  Roaring  Fork,  June 
7,  1947,  (Paul  Harwood). 

Allotype.  Female. — Same  data  as  for  holotype. 

Paratypes. — Same  data  as  for  holotype,  4  females. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  the  collector,  Dr.  Paul  Har¬ 
wood  of  Dr.  Hess  and  Dark  Co.  who  collected  this  species. 

Radema  comosa,  n.  sp. 

This  species  is  most  closely  related  to  sore. v  Ross,  it  can  readily 
be  separated  from  sorex  by  the  slender  cercus,  the  very  short  basal 
segment  of  the  clasper,  the  triangularly  shaped  apical  segment  of 
the  clasper  and  several  other  differences  in  the  male  genitalia. 

Explanation  of  Plate  II 

Fig.  1.  Rhyacophila  ebria,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect;  1A, 
dorsal  aspect  of  tenth  tergite;  IB,  ventral  portion  of  tenth  tergite, 
lateral  aspect;  1C,  apex  of  aedeagus,  lateral  aspect. 

Fig.  2.  Agapetus  montanus,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect;  2A, 
female  genitalia,  lateral  aspect. 

Fig.  3.  Polycentropus  smithae,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect; 
3 A,  tenth  tergite,  dorsal  aspect ;  3B,  dorso-mesad  aspect  of  hook  of 
clasper. 

Fig.  4.  Parapsyche  extensa,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect;  4A, 
apex  of  aedeagus,  lateral  aspect. 

Fig.  5.  Hydropsyche  alvata,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect  of 
aedeagus ;  5A,  aedeagus,  ventral  aspect ;  5B,  tenth  tergite,  dorsal 
aspect. 

Fig.  6.  Cheumato psyche  virginica,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect ; 
6A,  apex  of  aedeagus,  ventral  aspect. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  43 


Bull.  B.  E.  S.,  Vol.  XLIV 


Plate  II 


44  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vol.  XLIV 


Male. — Length  8  mm.  Head  and  body  black,  legs  fuscous,  an¬ 
tennae  dark  brown,  wings  dark  brown  with  a  scattering  of  short 
black  setae.  Spurs  1-2-2.  Genitalia  as  in  fig.  8.  Ninth  segment 
reduced  on  dorsum  to  about  one-half  size  of  sternum ;  arising  from 
the  dorsal  portion  and  projecting  cephalad  is  a  thin  flap-like  process. 
When  seen  from  the  lateral  aspect  tenth  tergite  consists  of  the 
following  processes :  ( 1 )  a  pair  of  dorsal  acuminate  appendages 
with  base  wide  and  extending  slightly  caudad  beyond  any  other  por¬ 
tion  of  genitalia,  (2)  a  pair  of  prominent  bilobed  processes  with 
dorsal  arm  long,  slender,  slightly  widened  toward  apex  and  bearing 
five  stout  setae  at  apex ;  ventral  arm  one-half  size  of  dorsal,  slender 
throughout,  bearing  two  stout  setae  apically,  (3)  a  ventral  pair  of 
heavier  widened  processes,  apex  blunt,  dorsal  margin  serrate ;  from 
dorsal  aspect  the  most  dorsad  processes  ( 1 )  are  closely  appressed, 
very  slender  and  bear  a  few  small  fine  laterad  directed  setae,  fig.  8A, 
the  ventral  processes  (3)  are  slightly  divergent,  apex  sub-truncate, 
fig.  8B.  Cerci  short,  slender,  dorsal  margin  undulating,  process 
bears  a  few  fine  setae.  Clasper  with  basal  segment  short,  stocky, 
bearing  an  abundance  of  long  stout  setae,  seen  from  ventral  aspect 
slightly  wider  than  long ;  apical  segment  triangular,  apex  sub-acute, 
bearing  a  scattering  of  fine  yellowish  setae.  Aedeagus  with  basal 
part  arising  from  ventral  part  of  eighth  segment,  curved  dorso- 
caudad,  dorsal  arms  divided  from  base  into  a  pair  of  thin  plate-like 
processes,  acute  apically,  -reaching  caudad  almost  as  far  as  dorsal 


Explanation  of  Plate  III 

Fig.  7.  Che umat o psyche  harwoodi,  male  genitalia,  lateral  as¬ 
pect  of  tenth  tergite  ;  7 A,  apical  lobes  of  tenth  tergite,  caudal  aspect ; 
7B,  female  genitalia,  clasper  receptacle. 

Fig.  8.  Radema  comosa,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect;  8A,  dor¬ 
sal  portion  of  tenth  tergite,  dorsal  aspect;  8B,  ventral  portion  of 
tenth  tergite,  dorsal  aspect. 

Fig.  9.  Limnephilus  jautini,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect;  9A, 
cercus,  dorsal  aspect;  9B,  apex  of  aedeagus,  lateral  aspect;  9C, 
female  genitalia,  lateral  aspect. 

Fig.  10.  Neothremma  galena,  male  genitalia,  lateral  aspect; 
10A,  apex,  dorso-caudad  view  of  lateral  arm ;  10B,  clasper,  ventral 
aspect ;  10C,  clasper,  ventral  aspect  of  paratype  ;  10D,  clasper,  lateral 
aspect  of  paratype ;  10E,  female  genitalia,  lateral  aspect ;  10F,  female 
genitalia,  ventral  aspect  of  sternum. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  45 


Bull.  B.  E.  S.,  Vol.  XLIV 


Plate  III 


46  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vol.  XLIV 


arm  of  tenth  tergite ;  main  structure  cylindrical,  apical  margin 
minutely  scalloped. 

Holotype.  Male. — Louder  Ranger  Station,  Dixie  National  For¬ 
est,  near  Cedar  Breaks,  Utah,  elevation  10,200  feet,  June  27,  1947, 
(C.  P.  Alexander). 

Limnephilus  fautini,  n.  sp. 

This  species  can  easily  be  separated  from  its  closest  relative  brevi¬ 
pennis  Banks  by  its  smaller  darker  appearance  (in  brevipennis  the 
males  range  from  9.5-14  mm.),  by  the  wider  clasper,  the  much 
more  deeply  incised  tenth  tergite  and  the  apically  bilobed  condition 
of  the  cercus. 

Male. — Length  9.5  mm.  Color  of  head  and  body  black,  append¬ 
ages  and  antennae  brown.  Wings  dark  brown,  an  abundance  of 
light  yellowish  spots  of  various  shapes  and  sizes  scattered  over  wing, 
entire  surface  covered  with  black  erect  fairly  long  setae.  Front 
basitarsus  longer  than  second  tarsal  segment  and  with  a  slender 
yellow  spur.  Eighth  tergite  without  any  modifications.  Genitalia 
as  in  fig.  9.  Ninth  segment  with  dorsum  and  sternum  about  same 
width,  lateral  portion  practically  three  and  one-half  times  width  of 
dorsum.  Claspers  reduced,  but  much  more  prominent  than  in 
brevipennis,  nearly  same  width  throughout  and  bearing  several  long 
black  setae  along  distal  margin.  Cercus,  from  lateral  aspect,  mas¬ 
sive,  directed  caudad  in  a  nearly  horizontal  plane,  latero-ventral 
surface  deeply  excavated,  apex  bilobed,  each  blunt,  ventral  margin 
of  each  serrate ;  from  dorsal  aspect,  fig.  9A,  fused  basally,  apex 
separated  into  a  pair  of  mesal  labes,  and  a  larger  sub-acute  pair  of 
lateral  lobes.  Tenth  tergite  appears  from  lateral  aspect  to  be  di¬ 
vided,  lateral  portion  deeply  incised  forming  a  short  blunt  dorsal 
lobe  and  a  long,  caudad  directed,  apically  acute  ventral  lobe ;  mesal 
part  consists  of  two  divergent  lobes,  base  very  wide,  caudal  portion 
slender,  apex  truncate,  gradually  curved  ventrad.  Aedeagus  with 
lateral  arms  sinuate,  apex  forked,  most  cephalad  branch  slender  and 
triangular,  bearing  a  dense  brush  of  brownish  setae,  most  caudad 
branch  semicircular,  bearing  a  fringe  of  yellowish  setae,  fig.  9B. 

Female^ — Length  9.5-10  mm.  Essentially  similar  in  general  ap¬ 
pearance,  size  and  color  to  male.  Genitalia  as  in  fig.  9C.  Cercus 
triangular  from  dorsal  view.  Tenth  tergite  tubular  with  a 
V-shaped  incision  along  apical  margin  of  dorsal  surface,  separation 
complete  although  faintly  marked,  apical  margin  of  ventral  surface 
convex,  most  of  surface  of  tergite  bearing  stout  black  setae. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  47 


Holotype.  Male. — Albany  Co.,  Wyoming,  Snowy  Range  Moun¬ 
tains,  Medicine  Bow  National  Forest,  Libby  Flats,  elevation  10,800 
feet,  July  16,  1948,  (Reed  W.  Fautin). 

Allotype.  Female. — Same  data  as  for  holotype. 

Paratype. — Same  data  as  for  holotype,  1  female. 

I  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  species  in  honor  of  Dr.  Reed  Fautin 
of  the  University  of  Wyoming  who  collected  this  interesting  species. 

Neothremma  galena,  n.  sp. 

This  species,  the  second  described  in  the  genus,  can  readily  be 
separated  from  alicea  Banks  by  the  apex  of  the  tenth  tergite  which 
is  not  divided  as  it  is  in  alicca,  and  the  lateral  projection  of  the 
ninth  segment  which  is  divided  nearly  midway  rather  than  at  the 
apex.  In  addition  there  are  several  other  genitalic  differences. 

Male. — Length  6. 5-7. 5  mm.  Head  and  body  dark  brown,  legs 
luteous,  wings  brownish  throughout,  about  same  shade  of  color  as 
antennae.  Spurs  1-3-4.  Male  palpi  recurved,  third  segment 
reaching  dorsad  to  a  level  about  one-half  length  of  eye,  dorsal  and 
mesal  surface  with  a  fringe  of  long  setae.  Genitalia  as  in  fig.  10. 
Ninth  segment  with  dorsum  reduced  to  a  narrow  strap,  lateral  por¬ 
tion  wide,  sternum  about  five  times  width  of  dorsum,  projected 
caudad  beyond  any  other  part  of  segment.  Tenth  tergite  bilobed 
from  base,  each  arm  long,  antennuated,  distal  portion  curved  ven- 
trad,  apex  sub-acute,  bearing  six  setae,  fig.  10;  ventral  part  of 
tergite  divided  into  a  pair  of  rather  broad  almost  contiguous  plates 
extending  caudad  a  short  distance  over  aedeagus.  Caudal  margin 
of  the  ninth  segment  produced  caudad  as  a  pair  of  cylindrical  arms, 
gradually  convergent  but  apices  not  contiguous,  distally  bent  ven- 
trad,  at  this  point  a  short  acute  arm,  fig.  10A,  is  produced  mesad. 
Just  ventrad  to  this  arm  arise  the  cerci,  short,  slender  and  covered 
with  flat  scale-like  spicules.  Claspers  fused  along  meson,  from 
ventral  aspect  emargination  shallow,  as  in  holotype,  fig.  10B,  degree 
of  indentation  is  variable,  as  shown  in  paratypes,  fig.  10C;  from 
lateral  aspect  clasper  short,  about  same  width  throughout,  apex  trun¬ 
cate,  dorso-caudal  corner  dentate,  dorsal  margin  with  a  dense  fringe 
of  lightly  sclerotized,  slender,  scale-like  setae,  fig.  10,  apex  of  clasper 
varies  somewhat,  to  degree  shown  in  paratypes,  Fig.  10D.  Aedea¬ 
gus  short,  arising  in  ninth  segment,  divided  into  a  large  ventral  plate 
and  a  horn-like  dorsal  lobe. 

Female. — Length  6.5  mm.  Essentially  similar  to  male  except  for 
usual  antigenetic  differences.  Genitalia  as  in  fig.  10E-F.  Tenth 


48  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIV 


tergite  long,  gradually  tapering  caudo-ventrad,  apex  blunt.  Cerci 
subtriangular.  Sternum,  from  ventral  aspect,  fig.  10F,  fused  along 
meson,  incision  V-shaped. 

Holotype.  Male. — Olympia  National  Park,  Washington,  Boulder 
Lake  Trail,  elevation  3500  feet,  August  5,  1947,  (C.  P.  Alexander). 

Allotype.  Female. — Same  data  as  for  holotype. 

Paratypes.— Mt.  Baker,  Washington,  Galena  Camp,  elevation 
4000  feet,  August  10-14,  1947,  (C.  P.  Alexander),  4  males. 

One  male  paratype  deposited  in  the  collection  of  the  University 
of  Massachusetts. 


Bibliography 

Ross,  Herbert  H.  1947.  Descriptions  and  records  of  North 
American  Trichoptera,  with  Synoptic  Notes.  Trans.  Amer. 
Ent.  Soc.  LXXIII :  125-168,  illus. 

- .  1944.  The  caddis  flies,  or  Trichoptera,  of  Illinois 

Illinois  Nat.  Hist.  Survey  23(1)  :  1-326,  illus. 


NOTICE. 

The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  is  pleased  to 
announce  that  Dr.  J.  Bequaert  of  the  Museum  of  Com¬ 
parative  Zoology,  Harvard  University  has  accepted  the 
editorship  of  ENTOMOLOGICA  AMERICANA. 
All  communications  concerning  this  journal  should  he 
addressed  to  Dr.  J.  Bequaert,  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology,  Cambridge  38,  Massachusetts. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  49 


A  NEW  GENUS  OF  TEPHRITIDAE  NEAR  XANTHO- 
MYIA.  (DIPTERA) 

Benson  F.  Quisenberry 

Oklahoma  A.  and  M.  College,  Stillwater,  Oklahoma. 

A  study  of  the  genus  Tephritis  Latreille  has  revealed  that  a 
number  of  species  which  have  previously  been  referred  here  vary 
widely  from  the  genotype.  This  paper  is  intended  to  deal  with 
one  of  these,  geminata  Loew. 

This  study  of  specimens  of  geminata  was  made  possible  by  Dr. 
Alan  Stone,  of  the  Division  of  Insect  Identification,  Bureau  of 
Entomology  and  Plant  Quarantine,  to  whom  special  thanks  are  ex¬ 
tended. 

Jamesomyia,  new  genus. 

Head  (Figs.  A,  B.)  higher  than  long,  wider  than  high;  width 
of  vertex  across  median  ocellus  slightly  more  than  half  maximum 
width  of  eye ;  frons  flattened,  tapering  anteriorly ;  parafrontals 
and  center  of  frontale  with  short,  suberect,  white  setae  ;  eyes  ovate ; 
face  short,  receding  slightly ;  antennal  fovea  moderately  deep ; 
oral  cavity  rounded,  drawn  up  anteriorly,  projecting  forward 
conspicuously ;  cheeks  rather  narrow,  approximately  width  of 
third  antennal  segment;  antennae  not  reaching  to  oral  margin, 
third  segment  subacute  at  upper  anterior  angle ;  arista  short  pubes¬ 
cent  ;  palpi  flattened,  rather  broad  basally,  becoming  narrower 
apically,  convex  ventrally ;  proboscis  short,  rather  stout ;  four  pairs 
subequal  lower  frontoorbitals ;  two  pairs  upper  frontoorbitals ; 
set  well  in  towards  center  of  frons,  the  anterior  pair  usually  in  a 
transverse  line  with  posterior  pair  of  lowrer  frontoorbitals ;  one 
pair  strong  ocellars ;  one  pair  inner  verticals ;  one  pair  outer  ver¬ 
ticals  which  are  nearly  as  long  as  inner  pair ;  postverticals  stout ; 
postocular  cilia  stout,  interspersed  with  shorter  dark  setae ;  genal 
bristle  well  developed. 

Thoras :  Two  pair  dorsocentrals,  the  anterior  pair  about  in  line 
with  supraalars,  the  posterior  pair  slightly  ahead  of  a  transverse 
line  through  intraalars ;  one  pair  humerals ;  one  pair  presuturals; 
one  pair  supraalars;  one  pair  postalars ;  one  pair  intraalars; 
two  pair  notopleurals  ;  three  to  four  pairs  of  mesopleurals,  variable ; 
one  pair  pteropleurals,  occasionally  a  second  weaker  bristle  on  one 
or  both  sides ;  one  pair  sternopleurals  ;  two  pairs  marginal  scutellars, 
one  pair  at  apex,  one  pair  at  base ;  scutellum  slightly  swollen  basallv. 

Legs:  Front  femora  each  with  a  row  of  strong  setae  ventrally 


50  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  .Vol.  XLIV 


and  shorter,  scattered  ones,  on  outer  side ;  hind  femora  each  with 
a  few  short  setae  at  apex  dorsally ;  middle  tibiae  each  with  one 
apical  spur ;  hind  tibiae  each  with  a  fringe  of  short  setae  on  outer 
side. 

Wings  (Fig.  E)  :  Two-fifths  as  wide  as  long;  anterior  and  pos¬ 
terior  crossveins  oblique ;  anal  cell  drawn  out  conspicuously  on 
sixth  vein;  first  and  third  veins  setose. 

Abdomen :  Broader  than  thorax ;  ovipositor  sheath  short,  only 
slightly  longer  than  width  at  base,  distinctly  swollen  at  base  dor- 
sally ;  ovipositor  very  slender  and  delicate;  male  genitalia  (Figs. 
C,  D)  very  small;  claspers  rather  stout;  aedeagus  slender,  apical 
portion  elongate,  rather  heavily  sclerotized. 

Genotype. — Trypeta  geminata  Loew. 

Jamesomyia  will  trace  to  Xanthomyia  Phillips,  in  Curran’s  key1, 
but  that  genus  differs,  in  addition  to  other  characters,  in  having 
two  pairs  of  lower  frontoorbitals ;  a  very  weak,  inconspicuous 
pair  of  outer  verticles ;  only  one  pair  of  mesopleurals ;  costal  spines 
strong,  over  twice  as  long  as  width  of  costa ;  wings  very  broad, 
about  three-fourths  as  wide  as  long ;  and  in  not  having  the  claspers 
of  the  male  genitalia  modified  into  the  abruptly  narrowed,  less 
heavily  sclerotized  apical  portion,  as  shown  in  the  figure. 

I  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  genus  after  Dr.  M.  T.  James. 

Jamesomyia  geminata  (Loew). 

Trypeta  geminata  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeit.,  6:  220,  1862.  (Cent. 
2,  no.  75). 

Trypeta  ( Tephritis )  geminata  Loew,  Smithsn.  Misc.  Collect., 
il  (256) :  298,  pi.  11,  fig.  1,  1873. 

Euribia  geminata  (Loew)  :  Phillips,  Tour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  31  (3)  : 
150,  pi.  9,  fig.  62,  1923. 

Male  and  female.— Head :  Mainly  pale  yellow,  subshining ;  a 
large  spot  on  frontale,  extending  from  lunula  to  bases  of  anterior 
pair  of  upper  frontoorbitals,  yellow ;  upper  frontoorbitals  set  in 
narrow,  whitish,  shining  calli  that  extend  anteriorly  on  each  side 
from  lateral  corners  of  vertex ;  a  large  spot  on  upper  half  of  occiput 
that  sends  forth  two  short  arms  on  either  side,  one  to  outer  vertical 
bristle  the  other  to  lower  posterior  corner  of  eye,  a  small  spot  on 
extreme  upper  area  of  parafacials,  and  ocellar  triangle,  dark  brown ; 
lunula  and  face  whitish,  latter  sometimes  dark  on  upper  half ;  first 
and  second  antennal  segments  yellow,  former  with  fine,  pale  setae, 

1  Curran,  C.  H.,  1934.  The  families  and  genera  of  North  Ameri¬ 
can  Diptera.  New  ork,  Ballou  Press,  289. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  51 


latter  with  brownish  setae,  a  single  median  one  being  somewhat 
elongate  and  conspicuous,  third  segment  more  brownish  yellow ; 
arista  mainly  brown,  basal  one-fourth  yellowish ;  palpi  and  proboscis 
yellowish,  former  with  dark  brown  setae,  latter  with  rather  long, 
pale  hair ;  frontoorbitals,  ocellars,  and  inner  and  outer  verticals 
varying  from  yellowish  to  yellowish  brown ;  postverticals  and  post¬ 
ocular  cilia  whitish ;  genal  bristle  and  scattered  shorter  setae  on 
cheeks  brown,  that  on  lower  occiput  pale  yellowish. 

Thorax:  Mesonotum  1.68-1.82  mm.  long;  subshining,  brown 
except  for  the  following  yellowish  areas:  humeri  and  adjoining 
stripe  extending  posteriorly  across  upper  half  of  mesopleura  to  and 
including  wing  base,  a  spot  on  each  side  of  the  scutum  lying  im¬ 
mediately  behind  intraalars  and  reaching  to  scutoscutellar  suture, 
upper  one-third  of  hypopleura,  and  all  of  scutellum  except  basal 
corners  and  a  narrow  band  adjacent  to  scutoscutellar  suture ;  a 
small  spot  on  either  side  directly  below  postalar  bristle  is  dark 
brown,  nearly  black;  brownish  areas,  except  extreme  anterior 
portion  of  prescutum,  covered  with  a  very  fine,  whitish  nricrosetae 
which  is  denser  on  notum ;  notum  with  rather  dense,  short,  whitish 
setae,  which  are  longest  on  humeri ;  a  brown  spot  on  either  side  on 
transverse  suture,  directly  ahead  of  dorsocentrals,  is  bare;  a  few 
black  setae  form  an  anterior  patch,  near  humeri,  which  extends 
diagonally  backward  onto  anterior  portion  of  notopleura ;  scutellum 
nearly  bare ;  pleural  regions,  except  notopleura  which  are  bare, 
with  scattered  white  setae  which  are  longer  than  that  on  notum, 
densest  on  propleura  and  extreme  ventral  portion  of  sternopleura, 
that  on  mesopleura  intermixed  with  some  brown ;  bristles  on  notum 
set  in  small  brown  spots. 

Legs :  Coxae,  except  at  apices,  femora,  except  apices  of  front 
and  middle  pairs,  brown,  all  other  areas  yellowish ;  setae  on  femora 
brown,  that  on  remainder  of  legs  yellowish. 

Wings:  (Fig.  E)  :  Pattern  dark  brown,  lighter  towards  posterior 
margin  ;  spots  and  marginal  indentions  milky  white  ;  halteres  yellow. 

Abdomen :  Subshining,  tergites  one  and  two  yellowish,  except  for 
a  pair  of  spots  and  the  lateral  margins  which  are  brown,  remaining 
tergites  brown  except  for  third  which  has  a  yellowish  spot  on  either 
side  on  anterior  margin  ;  covered  with  a  mixture  of  very  fine  whitish 
and  light  brownish  pollen,  which  is  densest  on  apical  three  tergites : 
with  rather  dense,  short,  semiappressed,  whitish  setae,  latter  re¬ 
stricted  to  brownish  areas  of  posterior  four  tergites,  longest  on 
lateral  margins  and  hind  margin  of  apical  tergite  ;  sternum  yellowish, 
with  fine  white  and  brown  setae,  latter  restricted  to  posterior  two 


52  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo XLIV 


sternites ;  ovipositor  sheath  shining  brown,  an  inconspicuous  dorsal 
spot  and  underside  somewhat  lighter ;  covered  with  a  fine  brownish 
pubescence ;  male  claspers  about  0.39  mm.  long,  brown,  tips  some¬ 
what  lighter,  with  short  brownish  setae. 

Type  locality.— Pennsylvania. 

Type  in  the  Naturhistorisches  Museum  at  Vienna,  Austria. 

Food  plant. — Unknown. 

Distribution. — Previously  recorded  from  Pennsylvania,  type 
series,  and  New  Jersey.  The  following  specimens  have  been 
examined  in  this  study. — WEST  VIRGINIA:  French  Creek  (F. 
E.  Brooks),  one  male.  NEW  JERSEY :  Riverton  (C.  T.  Greene), 
one  female.  VIRGINIA:  Falls  Church.  July  13,  1913  (Fred  Iv. 
Knab),  one  female. 


Explanation  of  Figure 

Jamesomyia  geminata  (Loew).  A.  head  (side  view);  B.  head 
(front  view)  ;  C.  male  claspers  (side  view)  ;  D.  male  claspers  (anal 
view)  ;  E.  wing  of  female. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  53 


ORIUS  FEEDING  NOTES 

George  F.  Knowlton 

Utah  State  Agricultural  College,  Logan,  Utah. 

A  mature  Orius  tristicolor  (White)  was  observed  to  be  feeding 
on  an  Aphis  gossypii  Glover  nymph,  on  the  underside  of  a  water¬ 
melon  leaf  which  was  heavily  infested  with  this  aphid,  at  Green 
River,  Utah,  July  26,  1932.  At  Castle  Cliffs,  Washington  County, 
Utah,  a  tristicolor  was  found  while  feeding  on  a  nymphal  Macrosi- 
phum  zerozalphum  Knit,  on  Erodium  circutarium,  April  24,  1942. 
Orius  insidiosus  (Say)  comprised  approximately  85  percent  and 
0.  tristicolor  the  balance  of  the  adult  minute  pirate  bugs  in  sugar- 
beet  seed  fields  at  St.  George,  Utah,  May  18,  1944.  One  insidio¬ 
sus  was  feeding  on  a  nymphal  Myzus  persicae  (Sulzer)  green 
peach  aphid,  which  was  numerous  on  a  seed  beet  plant.  Insect 
net  sweepings  showed  adults  of  both  these  species  of  predators  and 
their  nymphs  to  be  numerous  and  feeding  on  western  flower  thrips, 
which  were  especially  abundant  on  the  beets.  The  predacious 
bugs  often  moved  about  while  thrips  were  impaled  on  the  stylets, 
at  the  ends  of  the  beaks.  An  0.  tristicolor  was  observed  to  have 
captured  and  to  be  feeding  on  a  Chaitophorus  viminalis  Monell 
aphid  on  Salix  at  Hamilton,  Montana,  August  7,  1944,  and  another 
on  a  nymphal  Phorodon  humuli  Schrank  on  a  hop  leaf  at  Corvallis, 
Oregon,  August  23,  1944.  A  study  of  onion  thrips  injury  to  seed 
onion  heads  was  made  at  Moab,  Utah,  June  13,  1945.  This  re¬ 
vealed  a  damaging  population  of  approximately  400  to  1200  thrips 
per  heavily  infested  blossoming  onion  head.  Both  O.  tristicolor 
and  O.  insidiosus  and  their  nymphs  were  numerous  and  feeding 
actively  on  thrips.  From  three  to  eight  adult  predators  besides  the 
nymphs,  were  shaken  from  individual  flowering  onion  heads.  O. 
tristicolor  was  numerous  and  feeding  on  the  thrips  which  in  great 
abundance  were  damaging  raspberry  fruits  and  foliage  at  Alpine, 
Utah,  July  1,  1947.  O.  tristicolor  also  fed  on  a  nymph  of  Myzus 
persicae  at  Moab,  Utah,  April  8,  1947 ;  in  this  instance  aphids  were 
injuring  foliage  of  “blood  plum.”  Adults  and  nymphs  of  this  pre¬ 
dacious  bug  were  numerous  in  aphid-curled  plum  leaves  infested 
with  this  and  other  species  of  aphids.  At  Enterprise,  Utah,  a 
tristicolor  nymph  was  feeding  on  an  Odontothrips  loti  (Hal.),  in  the 
insect  net,  following  sweeps  made  on  Artemisia  tridentata,  July  16, 
1947.  Thrips  of  this  species  and  also  Sericothri ps  variabilis 
(Beach)  (Det.  Dr.  S.  F.  Bailey)  were  numerous  on  the  sage  at 


54  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLIV 


this  time.  Insect  net  sweeps  made  at  Lakepoint,  Utah,  July  22, 
1947,  showed  western  flour  thrips,  Frankliniella  moult oni  Hood,  to 
be  extremely  numerous,  with  smaller  numbers  of  Thrips  tabaci 
Lind,  and  Aeolothrips  fasciatus  (L.).  Thousands  of  thrips  and 
dozens  of  adult  and  nymphal  0.  tristicolor  were  swept  up  in  a  clean, 
new  insect  net  bag.  The  predacious  habit  of  this  minute  pirate  bug 
was  especially  noticeable  when  three  adult  and  nine  nymphal  pred¬ 
ators  were  observed  to  each  have  captured  and  to  be  feeding  on  a 
thrips,  mostly  Frankliniella  moultoni.  When  the  tristicolor  tried 
to  capture  thrips  on  the  smooth  new  cloth,  about  three  out  of  four 
thrips  escaped.  However,  thrips  were  readily  captured  when  the 
tiny  predators  invaded  thrips-packed  folds  of  the  net.  After  a  few 
minutes  of  observation,  twenty  three  of  the  small  predators  were 
counted  on  the  net  bag,  each  with  a  thrips  impaled  at  the  end  of  the 
beak;  included  were  all  three  species  of  thrips  listed  above.  While 
working  during  summer  and  making  net-sweeps  in  numerous  al¬ 
falfa  and  other  fields,  the  writer  often  has  introduced  many  thrips 
into  his  car.  An  O.  tristicolor  was  found  to  be  feeding  on  a  Frank¬ 
liniella  minuta  (Moulton),  on  the  rear  door  car-window,  where 
approximately  200  thrips  were  present,  most  of  which  were  western 
flower  thrips.  Several  observations  showed  this  predator  to  feed 
on  the  small  thrips  for  at  least  ten  minutes.  An  hour  later  the 
predator  had  captured  a  winged  Frankliniella  moultoni,  on  which 
it  fed  for  some  time.  At  Green  River,  Utah,  on  September  3,  1947, 
both  0.  tristicolor  and  O.  insidiosus  adults  and  nymphs  were  present 
and  fed  actively  on  western  flower  thrips  which  were  present  in 
great  numbers  on  goldenrod.  Examination  of  a  mite-injured  corn 
field  at  Moab,  on  this  same  date,  revealed  an  adult  O.  insidiosus 
and  some  tiny  blackish  ladybird  bettles  to  be  feeding  on  the  com¬ 
mon  spider  mite  present  on  the  corn  leaves.  O.  insidiosus  was 
found  to  be  feeding  on  western  flower  thrips  in  flowers  of  pinto 
beans  in  large  fields  west  of  Monticello,  Utah,  September  4,  1948. 
One  of  these  predators  walked  around  on  the  writer’s  hand  for 
approximately  one  minute,  carrying  its  tiny  prey.  An  Orius 
nymph  “fed”  on  the  skin  of  the  first  knuckle  of  my  left  fore-finger 
for  3.5  minutes,  not  moving  until  disturbed,  then  it  tried  to  “feed” 
again.  This  nymph  came  from  thrips-infested  bean  blossom,  at 
Cedar  Point,  west  of  Monticello,  on  the  above  date.  The  slight 
irritation  produced  by  this  little  bug  reminded  the  writer  of  numer¬ 
ous  occasions  during  late  summer,  when  thrips,  largely  western 
flower  thrips,  had  irritated  skin  of  neck,  arms  and  hands,  following 
the  collections  of  great  numbers  of  thrips  from  blossoming  Chry- 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  55 


sothamnns  plants,  particularly  in  San  Juan  and  Grand  Counties  of 
Utah.  On  occasion,  Orius  nymphs  also  had  been  observed  to 
attack  the  skin  of  forearms  and  hands,  usually  at  a  time  when  the 
skin  was  moist  with  perspiration.  An  adult  tristicolor  was  ob¬ 
served  to  be  the  cause  of  irritation  on  my  left-hand  as  I  drove  thru 
Erda,  Utah,  August  19,  1947.  This  and  subsequent  attempts  to 
“feed,”  usually  for  only  five  to  twenty  seconds  at  a  time,  occurred  at 
several  places  on  the  back  of  hand  and  wrist,  each  time  with  per¬ 
ceptible  irritation. 

While  examining  celery  in  a  field  south  of  Salt  Lake  City,  an 
adult  0.  tristicolor  was  found  while  feeding  on  a  small  winged 
aphid,  Cavariella  aegopodii  Scopoli.  Studies  made  with  O.  tristi¬ 
color  as  a  predator  of  the  pea  aphid  have  indicated  a  high  mortality 
of  large  pea  aphids,  after  they  had  been  fed  on  but  not  killed  during 
the  feeding.  This  little  predator  often  has  been  abundant  in  alfalfa 
fields  throughout  Utah  during  much  of  the  summer  where  thrips 
and  pea  aphids  were  numerous. 


BOOK  NOTE. 

A  General  Textbook  of  Entomology.  By  A.  D.  Inims.  xii- 
726  pp.,  624  figures.  6x9  ins.,  cloth  bound.  1949.  E.  P.  Dut¬ 
ton  &  Co.,  Inc.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

A  Seventh  Revised  Edition  of  this  textbook  is  scheduled  to  ap¬ 
pear  on  May  10,  1949.  It  covers  the  anatomy,  embryology,  devel¬ 
opment  and  metamorphosis  of  insects  of  all  parts  of  the  world. 
The  peculiarities  of  structure  and  function  of  the  various  families 
and  orders  are  treated  very  completely.  Typical  life  histories  are 
included  for  many  of  the  groups.  George  S.  Tulloch,  Merrick, 
New  York. 


56  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo l-  XLIV 


ADENOSINE  TRIPHOSPHATE  FROM  INSECTS 

By  Harry  G.  Albaum,  Brooklyn  College,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

In  recent  years  the  attention  of  the  biochemist  has  become  fo¬ 
cussed  on  the  way  in  which  light  energy  from  the  sun,  converted 
by  the  green  plant  into  carbohydrate,  is  made  available  for  vital 
function  in  living  tissue.  It  is  now  generally  established  that  this 
carbohydrate  (usually  in  the  form  of  glucose),  does  not  make  its 
energy  directly  available  for  cell  function,  but  rather  transfers  its 
energy  in  small  parcels,  through  the  activity  of  enzymes,  to  spe¬ 
cialized  molecules  which  act  as  the  immediate  energy  donors  for 
reactions  of  all  kinds. 

Of  several  such  compounds  that  are  known,  two  are  of  special 
interest:  phosphocreatine  and  adenosine  triphosphate  (ATP)  ;  the 
formulae  of  these  are  shown  below : 

NHPO(OH), 

/ 

HN=C 

\ 

N(CH3)CH2COOH 

phosphocreatine 


N=CNH, 


HC  C— N- 


- O— 

OH  OH 


OH 


C— C— C— C— CH2— O— P— O 


N— C— N 


CH  H  H  H  H 


adenine 


pentose 


adenylic  acid 


O 


OH  OH 

I  I 

— P— O— P— OH 

II  II 

o  o 


adenosine  triphosphate 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  57 


The  energy  originally  resident  in  the  glucose  molecule  appears  in 
these  compounds  in  the  N — P  bond  of  phosphocreatine  and  in  the 
P — O — P  bonds  of  adenosine  triphosphate  (high  energy  phosphate 
bonds).  Adenosine  triphosphate  is  the  immediate  recipient  of  the 
glucose  energy.  Therefore,  one  would  expect  that  in  the  organism 
the  quantity  of  adenosine  triphosphate  which  could  be  formed  would 
be  limited  by  the  quantity  of  adenylic  acid  (see  above  formula) 
which  can  act  as  an  energy  acceptor.  The  organism,  however,  has 
another  mechanism  for  increasing  its  energy  stores.  As  soon  as 
the  adenylic  acid  has  been  “saturated”  with  high  energy  phosphate 
bonds,  these  are  temporarily  transferred  to  creatine  to  form  phospho¬ 
creatine  ;  more  energy  can  now  be  taken  up  by  the  “adenylic  acid 
system.”  When  energy  must  be  used  for  vital  activity,  adenosine 
triphosphate  acts  as  the  immediate  donor.  As  soon  as  its  level 
falls,  it  is  replenished  from  the  phosphocreatine  reservoir.  These 
reactions  are  shown  in  a  general  way  in  the  following  equation : 


adenylic  acid 


now  available  for 
more  energy 
transfer 


glucose  +  adenylic  acid 


phosphocreatine  (^hoL) 


+  creatine 


depletion 
of  ATP 
reserves 


enzymes 

- »  adenosine  triphosphate 


Vital  Activity 


Phosphocreatine  and  adenosine  triphosphate  are  found  in  all 
vertebrates.  In  invertebrates,  phosphocreatine  is  replaced  by  a 
related  compound,  phosphoarginine.  The  kind  of  adenosine  tri¬ 
phosphate  which  is  present  in  invertebrates,  however,  has  not  yet 
been  extensively  investigated.  The  remainder  of  the  present  paper 
concerns  itself  with  the  adenosine  triphosphate  of  insects. 

We  have  succeeded  in  isolating  adenosine  triphosphate  from 
adults  of  Drosophila  melanogaster  Meigin  (Diptera).  Since  this 
compound  is  very  unstable  and  breaks  down  rapidly  on  the  death  of 
the  animal,  the  isolation  must  be  carried  out  on  freshly  killed  animals 
and  all  manipulations  must  be  carried  out  in  the  cold. 


58  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  V°l-  XLIV 


The  procedure  employed  in  the  isolation  was  essentially  that  of  Needham 
(1)  with  slight  modification.  A  typical  run  is  outlined  below:  11.5  g.  of 
ether-anesthetized  Drosophila  melanogastcr  were  homogenized  in  approxi¬ 
mately  10  ml.  of  iced  10%  trichloracetic  acid  with  a  motor  driven  glass 
homogenizer,  and  the  protein  removed  by  centrifugation.  To  the  orange- 
pigmented  supernatant  fluid  was  added  an  equal  volume  of  cold  95%  ethyl 
alcohol ;  the  precipitated  glycogen  was  centrifuged  out.  To  the  supernatant 
were  added  3  ml.  of  25%  barium  acetate  and  the  pH  adjusted  to  7.0  with 
30%  NaOH.  After  0.5  hour  in  the  cold  the  barium  precipitate  was  collected 
and  washed  twice  with  cold  95%  alcohol.  (This  removed  most  of  the  orange 
pigment.)  The  barium  precipitate  was  then  suspended  in  water,  centrifuged 
once  more  and  the  supernatant  discarded.  The  barium-insoluble  precipitate 
remaining  was  then  treated  according  to  the  method  of  Needham  (1)  for 
the  isolation  of  ATP  from  mammalian  muscle,  and  20  mg.  of  a  grayish 
barium  salt  were  obtained. 

The  barium  salt  was  assayed  for  inorganic  phosphorus,  labile  phosphorus 
(phosphorus  hydrolyzed  in  7  minutes  at  100°  C.  in  N  HC1)  and  total  phos¬ 
phorus,  according  to  the  method  of  Fiske  and  SubbaRow  (2).  Color  develop¬ 
ment  curves  for  pentose  were  run  according  to  the  method  of  Albaum  and 
Umbreit  (3).  Adenine  was  assayed  spectrophotometrically. 

On  the  assumption  that  the  compound  isolated  was  barium  adeno¬ 
sine  triphosphate  (M.W.  853),  the  purity  based  on  organic  phos¬ 
phorus  was  78%.  The  molar  ratio  of  labile  phosphorus:  total 
phosphorus:  pentose:  adenine  was  1.90:  3.00:  1.00:  1.04. 

The  adenosine  triphosphate  isolated  from  Drosophila  appears  to 
be  identical  with  that  obtained  from  vertebrate  muscle.  This 
identity  has  been  established  on  the  basis  of  the  molar  concentration 
of  adenine :  ribose :  phosphorus,  as  well  as  on  the  basis  of  physio¬ 
logical  activity. 

As  indicated  above,  adenosine  triphosphate  is  isolated  from  the 
barium  insoluble  precipitate.  If  such  a  precipitate  is  prepared  from 
other  organisms,  where  not  much  material  is  available,  it  is  possible 
by  simply  analyzing  this  precipitate  to  qualitatively  demonstrate  the 
presence  of  this  compound  (phosphorus,  adenine,  and  ribose  con¬ 
tent).  This  kind  of  experiment  has  been  done  on  the  following 
insects : 

COLEOPTERA 

Tribolium  confusum  Jacq.  Duz.,  adults. 

Tenebrio  molitor  L.,  larvae. 

Isoptera 

Reticulitermes  flavipes  Kol.,  workers 
Orthoptera 

Paratenodera  sinensis  Sauss.,  nymphs 
Adenosine  triphosphate  appears  to  be  present  in  all  of  these,  and 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  59 


on  the  basis  of  the  analytical  data  resembles  that  isolated  from 
Drosophila  melanogaster. 

Summary 

A  procedure  is  described  for  isolating  adenosine  triphosphate  from 
insects.  This  compound  has  been  isolated  from  Drosophila  mcl- 
anogaster  and  its  presence  demonstrated  in  four  other  insects.  On 
the  basis  of  analytical  and  physiological  data,  the  isolated  compound 
is  identical  with  that  obtained  from  vertebrate  tissue. 

Literature  Cited 

1.  Needham,  D.  M.  1942.  Biochem.  J.  38,  121. 

2.  Fiske,  C.  H.  &  SubbaRow,  Y.  1924.  J.  Biol.  Chern.  66,  375. 

3.  Albaum,  H.  G.  &  Umbreit,  W.  W.  1947.  J.  Biol.  Chem. 

167,  369. 


Back  Issues  of  the  Society’s  Publications.  During  the  past 
year  the  Society’s  stock  of  past  issues  of  the  Bulletin  and  Entomo- 
logica  Americana  has  been  rearranged  so  as  to  facilitate  the  prompt 
handling  of  orders.  All  orders  for  all  publications  MUST  be  sent 
DIRECT  to  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  R.  R.  McElvare, 
Treasurer,  26  Bogart  Avenue,  Port  Washington,  New  York. 


60  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  XL1V 


SARCOPHAGIDAE  (DIPTERA)  FROM  THE  GREAT 
SMOKY  MOUNTAINS  NATIONAL  PARK. 

By  George  C.  Steyskal,  Grosse  lie,  Michigan. 

The  following  species  were  collected  by  the  writer  and  Robert 

R.  Dreisbach,  of  Midland,  Michigan,  and  are  presented  as  a  small 
addition  to  the  woefully  small  fund  of  knowledge  available  con¬ 
cerning  the  distribution  of  tbe  Diptera  of  the  southeastern  United 
States.  The  June  dates  are  in  1946,  the  August  ones  in  1947.  The 
localities  are  in  the  Tennessee  part  of  the  park,  except  Andrews 
Bald  (mountain),  Spence  Field  (on  Thunderhead  Mountain),  and 
Smokemont,  which  are  in  North  Carolina. 

Eumacronychia  nigricornis  Allen — Headquarters,  June  10. 
Harbeckia  tessellata  Aldrich — Ramsey  Cascades,  June  12. 

Metopia  campestris  Fallen — Cades  Cove,  August  13. 

M.  leucocephala  Rossi — Headquarters. 

Pachyophthalmus  distortus  Allen — Cades  Cove,  June  13. 
Sarcophaga  assidua  Walker— Chimneys  Camp,  Aug.  11;  Cades 
Cove,  June  13. 

S.  biset osa  Parker — Cherokee  Orchard,  June  14. 

S.  cimbicis  Townsend — Cades  Cove,  June  13;  Clingman’s  Dome, 
Aug.  14. 

S.  cingarus  Aldrich — Chimneys  Camp,  June  11,  Aug.  11;  Cades 
Cove,  Aug.  12;  Newfound  Gap,  Aug.  15. 

S',  fulvipes  Macq.  (black-legged  form) — Chimneys  Camp,  June  11  ; 
Ramsey  Cascades,  June  12. 

S'.  latisterna  Parker — Chimneys  Camp,  June  11;  Cades  Cove; 
Spence  Field,  Aug.  13. 

S.  Iherminieri  R.-D.- — Spence  Field,  Aug.  13. 

S.  misera  sarracenioides  Aldrich — Andrews  Bald,  June  16;  Cades 
Cove,  June  13;  Chimneys  Camp,  June  11  ;  Elkmont,  June  15. 

S',  rapax  Walker — Chimneys  Camp  ;  Clingman’s  Dome  ;  Headquar¬ 
ters,  Newfound  Gap;  Smokemont,  Aug.;  Spence  Field,  Aug.  13. 
S',  scoparia  nearctica  Parker — Chimneys  Camp,  Aug.  11. 

S’,  stimulans  Walker — Spence  Field,  Aug.  13. 

Scnotainia  trilineata  Walker — Chimneys  Camp;  Headquarters. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  61 


SOME  NEW  DICYRTOMA  AND  KEY  TO  KNOWN 
SPECIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  (COLLEM- 
BOLA,  SMINTHURIDAE). 

By  D.  L.  Wray,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Some  interesting  forms  of  Dicyrotoma  have  been  found  during 
the  course  of  collecting  in  North  Carolina  and  it  is  the  purpose  of 
this  paper  to  describe  these  new  forms  and  to  point  out  some  of  the 
structural  complexities  involved  among  the  species  of  this  genus 
described  so  far  from  the  United  States. 

Three  new  species  and  one  new  variety  are  described,  namely, 
Dicyrtoma  ochreous,  D.  niithra,  D.  curvilineata,  and  D.  hageni 
variety  vinalis.  Other  species  in  the  key  and  discussed  are:  D. 
hageni  Folsom,  D.  frontalis  Banks,  and  D.  quadangularis  Mills. 

Genus  Dicyrtoma  Bourlet,  1843 
Papirius  Lubbock,  1862,  ad  p. 

This  genus  is  separated  from  the  other  genera  of  the  subfamily 
Dicyrtominae  Borner  by  the  claw  being  without  a  tunica,  dentes 
possessing  large  serrate  setae  dorsally,  and  the  3rd  and  4th  antennal 
segments  not  subsegmented. 

In  making  a  key  the  structural  similarities  of  the  forms  were  soon 
recognized.  In  the  mucro  there  is  only  a  slight  difference  in  the 
number  of  teeth  of  the  serrated  margins.  There  is  a  difference  in 
the  subapical  filament  of  the  unguiculus,  whether  apically  knobbed 
or  not,  and  in  length.  There  is  some  difference  in  the  dentation  of 
the  unguis  and  in  arrangement  of  the  setae  of  the  dentes.  Some 
difference  was  noted  in  the  subanal  female  appendage.  Otherwise, 
the  color  pattern  and  size  are  used  as  separable  characters. 

Key  to  Species  of  Dicyrtoma  Known  From  the  United  States. 

1.  Subapical  bristle  of  unguiculus  distinctly  knobbed  at  apex,  ex¬ 

tending  beyond  end  of  unguis ;  unguis  with  one  distinct 
tooth  on  its  inner  margin  2 

Subapical  bristle  of  unguiculus  not  knobbed  at  apex,  shorter  than 
above,  reaching  only  to  end  of  unguis;  unguis  with  two 
distinct  teeth  on  its  inner  margin  6 

2.  Color  pattern  in  the  form  of  longitudinal  stripes  and  spots ; 

length  0.75  mm.  . curvilineata-  n.  sp. 

Color  pattern  not  as  above .  3 


62  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIF 


3.  Head  entirely  white ;  abdomen  blackish-purple  with  posterior 
dorsal  pattern  of  yellowish-brown;  length  up  to  1.5  mm. 

hageni  Folsom 


Head  pigmented ;  abdomen  with  different  color  pattern  .4 
4.  Head  pigmented  only  around  eye-spots  or  vertex. 

hageni  var.  vinalis  n.  var. 
Head  pigmented  entirely  or  banded  .  5 


5.  Head  banded  with  2  broad,  brownish-black  bands ;  length  up  to 

1.2  mm. . frontalis  Banks 

Head  not  banded,  but  pigmented  orange-ochreous  all  over; 
abdomen  orange-ochreous  all  over  with  pearly  spots  dor- 
sally  and  laterally;  length  1.5  mm. . ochreous  n.  sp. 

6.  Length  1.6  mm.;  dens  with  3  appressed  ventral  hairs  distally; 

antennae  white,  but  for  pigment  near  elbow ;  head  deep 
blue  but  for  oral  region ;  body  blue  with  irregularly  dia¬ 
mond-shaped  white  area  dorsally  .  quadangularis  Mills 
Length  1.0  mm.;  dens  with  4  appressed  ventral  hairs  distally; 
head  and  body  reddish-orange,  dorsum  lighter,  and  color 
pattern  a  mosaic  of  light  and  dark  colored  round  areas  and 
spots  .  mithra  n.  sp. 

Dicyrtoma  ochreous,  n.  sp.  (Figs.  1-7) 

Length  up  to  1.5  mm.  General  color  orange-yellow  with  white  or 
pearly  spots  in  the  following  color  pattern  (Fig.  1).  Head  yellow 
with  a  large  white  spot  around  eye-spot  and  smaller  ones  on  cheeks ; 
antennae  light  yellow  at  base  grading  to  dark  brown-purplish  at 
apex;  body  orange-yellow,  darker  dorsally  and  posteriorly  on  ab¬ 
domen,  with  4  to  6  white  spots  dorsally  and  one  to  two  laterally ; 
several  small  spots  ventrally  on  body ;  legs  orange-yellow  with 
a  white  spot  on  both  posterior  coxae  and  femur  ;  furcula  light  yellow 
basally  becoming  pale  apically ;  three  large  white  spots  ventrally  at 
base  of  furcula. 

Eyes  8  on  each  side  on  a  black  eye-spot  (Fig.  6).  Antennae 
longer  than  head  or  as  57 :  35.  Relative  lengths  of  antennal  seg¬ 
ments  as :  4 :  23  :  22 :  8.  Ant.  3  and  4  not  subsegmented  and  with 
definite  whorls  of  hairs.  Unguis  (Fig.  4  and  5)  without  a  tunica, 
rather  straight,  pointed,  with  an  inner  tooth  one-fourth  the  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  apex,  and  a  pair  of  distal  outer  teeth.  Unguiculus 
(Fig.  4  and  5)  with  an  inner  basal  tooth  and  a  long  strongly  knobbed 
subapical  filament  reaching  beyond  the  apex  of  the  unguis.  Tenent 
hairs  absent.  Dentes  three  times  length  of  mucro,  with  two  rows  of 
dorsal  setae ;  with  the  inner  row  of  4  outstanding  long  spines,  and 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  63 


an  outer  row  of  6  serrate  setae,  one  simple  spine  basally  on  lateral 
margin;  4  appressed  ventral  spines  distally.  Mucro  (Fig,  2)  with 
course  serrate  teeth  on  both  edges.  Subanal  appendages  of  female 
(Fig.  3)  curving,  spinelike. 

Heavy,  short  spinelike  hairs  on  front  of  head  and  vertex.  A  few 
short  simple  reclinate  hairs  on  front  of  body,  dorsum  of  abdomen  in 
the  specimens  examined  nearly  naked.  Posterior  part  of  abdomen 
with  short  spinelike  hairs  similar  to  head.  Ano-genital  segment 
with  longer  and  more  spinelike  setae.  Legs  with  short  hairs 
basally  becoming  longer  and  more  spinelike  on  tibio-tarsi.  Pos¬ 
terior  tibio-tarsi  with  2  heavy  pinnate  bristles  as  in  Ptenothrix  uni¬ 
color.  Body  integument  finely  tuberculate.  Corpus  of  tenaculum 
with  one  short  apical  bristle.  At  least  3  posterio-lateral  bothrio- 
trichia  situated  as  in  figure  7. 

Specimens  taken  in  leaf  mould  from  a  hardwood  forest  at  the 
edge  of  Lake  Raleigh,  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  October  29,  1943, 
D.  L.  Wray  and  C.  S.  Brimley.  Cotypes  in  N.  C.  D.  A.  Insect 
Collection. 

Dicyrtoma  mithra,  n.  sp.  (Figs.  8-18) 

Length  up  to  1  mm.  General  color  variable  in  different  specimens, 
from  yellowish  to  reddish-orange  to  purplish.  Antennae  light  purple 
basally,  deep  purple  distally.  Head  reddish-orange  to  light  pur¬ 
plish,  with  black  eyespots  and  two  blackish,  ocelli-like  spots  on  front 
between  bases  of  antennae.  Body  reddish-orange  to  purplish  with 
the  dorsum  lighter  and  with  an  indication  of  an  anterior  dorsal  light 
streak  in  some  darker  specimens.  The  color  pattern  (Fig.  8, 
which  is  the  darker  form)  on  dorsum  and  sides  of  body  in  the  form 
of  a  mosaic,  with  an  intermingling  of  dark  purplish  and  light  orange 
round  areas  and  spots.  Legs  orange  to  light  purplish.  Furcula 
light  orange-purplish  basally  and  pale  distally. 

Eyes  8  on  each  side  on  a  black  eyespot  (Fig.  9).  Antennae 
longer  than  head  or  as:  31:25.  Relative  lengths  of  the  antennal 
segments  as :  3 :  11 :  13 :  5.  Ant.  3  and  4  not  subsegmented;  ant.  3 
with  at  least  4  sensory  protuberances,  each  with  a  single  straight 
sense  spine;  ant.  4  with  about  6  whorls  of  hairs  of  somewhat  re¬ 
clinate  hairs.  Unguis  (Fig.  11  and  12)  with  two  teeth  on  the  inner 
margin  and  one  on  outer  margin.  Unguiculus  (Figs.  11  and  12) 
lanceolate  with  a  basal  spine  and  an  apical  unknobbed  bristle  ex¬ 
tending  to  apex  of  unguis.  Tenent  hairs  absent.  Dentes  to  mucro 
as  13:4;  with  2  dorsal  rows  of  mostly  serrate  setae,  inner  row 
of  4  simple,  long,  setae,  the  distal  and  proximal  ones  being  the 


64  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIV 


longest ;  outer  row  consisting  of  6  serrate  spines  and  an  extra  one 
near  base  of  mucro ;  one  simple  spine  basally  on  lateral  margin ; 
4  appressed  ventral  hairs  on  distal  half  (Fig.  10). 

Mucro  (Fig.  10)  with  coarse  serrate  teeth  on  both  edges,  cleft 
apically.  Subanal  appendages  of  female  (Fig.  15)  only  slightly 
curving,  spinelike. 

Heavy,  short,  spinelike  hairs  on  front  and  vertex  of  head;  short, 
recurving  hairs  anteriorly  on  dorsum  of  body,  becoming  short 
stout,  spinelike  on  posterior  fourth  of  dorsum ;  anal  papillae  with 
stout,  straight,  spinelike  hairs,  and  longer,  curving  slender  hairs. 
Body  integument  finely  tuberculate.  Three  posterio-lateral 
bothriotrichia  situated  as  in  figure  18. 

Taken  in  hardwood  forest  leaf  mould  at  edge  of  Lake  Raleigh, 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  January  9  and  26,  1943,  D.  L.  Wray 
and  C.  S.  Brimley  2  specimens;  30  specimens  taken  at  same  place, 
January  9,  1948,  DLW.  Cotypes  in  NCDA  Insect  Collection. 

Dicyrtoma  curvilineata  n.  sp.  (Figs.  19-24) 

Length  up  to  0.75  mm.  General  color  yellowish-white  with  purple 
irregularly  margined  stripes  and  spots  dorsally  in  the  following  pat¬ 
tern  : — one  purple  stripe  beginning  at  base  of  antenna  extends  down¬ 
ward  to  cheek  where  a  short  fork  extends  slightly  ventrally,  the 
main  stripe  extends  thence  from  the  fork  posterio-laterally  on  the 
head  toward  the  body  where  it  becomes  a  broad  lateral  stripe  which 
extends  entirely  around  body  and  back  to  other  cheek.  Another 
stripe  begins  half  way  of  body  and  extends  posteriorly  around  ab¬ 
domen  and  back  to  midway  of  body.  The  third  stripe  is  situated 
dorsally  on  the  body,  the  anterior  ends  weakly  joined  (separate 
in  some  specimens)  ;  both  forks  extend  posteriorly  to  within  one 
fourth  of  distal  end  of  abdomen.  A  short  purplish  streak  extends 
from  the  base  of  each  eyespot  posteriorly.  On  the  front  of  head 
is  a  central  purple  spot  containing  two  ocelli-like  round  black  spots. 
Venter  of  head,  body,  legs,  furcula  yellowish-white.  Antennae 
light  purplish  throughout  (Figs.  19  and  20). 

Eyes  8  on  each  side  on  black  eyespots.  Antennae  longer  than 
head  or  as :  43 : 30.  Relative  lengths  of  antennal  segments  as 
4:  14:20:5.  Ant.  3  and  4  not  subsegmented,  with  the  4th  bearing 
definite  whorls  of  hairs  and  an  apical  short,  stout,  distally  bent 
sensory  rod.  Unguis  (Fig.  23)  rather  straight  and  pointed,  with 
one  tooth  on  the  inner  margin  one  fourth  from  distal  end,  and  two 
outer  teeth  near  the  middle.  Unguiculus  bearing  a  small  inner  spine 
and  a  knobbed  subapical  bristle,  which  extends  slightly  beyond  the 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  65 


apex  of  unguis.  Tenent  hairs  absent.  Dentes  three  times  length 
of  mucro,  with  2  dorsal  rows  of  setae ;  outer  row  consisting  of  3 
proximal  simple  setae  and  5  serrate  setae  on  distal  half ;  with  a 
lateral  subapical  bristle ;  4  appressed  ventral  setae  on  distal  half 
and  a  small  short  one  at  proximal  end ;  and  with  4  long  setae  on 
inner  row.  Mucro  (Fig.  24)  with  both  margins  serrate,  with 
about  26  serrations  on  inner  margin.  Rami  of  tenaculum  (Fig.  21) 
tridentate,  anterior  lobe  with  3  setae.  Subanal  appendages  of 
female  (Fig.  22)  spinelike,  curving  distally. 

Short  stout  bristles  on  front  and  vertex  of  head ;  smaller  curving 
bristles  on  anterior  of  body,  becoming  short  and  stout  on  posterior 
end ;  anal  segment  with  very  heavy,  broad  spines  dorsally.  Lateral 
hairs  of  body  fine  and  long. 

Cotypes  taken  in  leaf  mould,  Erwin,  N.  C.  November  6,  1946, 
D.  L.  Wray;  Hillsboro,  North  Carolina,  Oct.  26,  1948,  in  leaf 
mould  near  Eno  River,  D.  L.  Wray.  Cotypes  in  NCDA  Insect  Col¬ 
lection. 

Dicyrtoma  hageni  var.  vinalis  n.  var.  (Figs.  29-33) 

Structually  this  form  is  similar  to  D.  hageni  Folsom,  however, 
it  differs  in  having  fewer  mucronal  teeth,  longer  and  more  curving 
subanal  female  appendage,  and  mostly  in  color  pattern.  In  D.H. 
vinalis  the  body  is  entirely  wine  red  in  color  both  dorsally  and 
ventrally,  while  in  D.  hageni  the  venter  of  the  body  is  not  colored 
and  the  first  segment  of  body  is  unpigmented  (Figs.  25  and  29). 

Length  1.0  mm.  Head  yellowish  except  for  a  vinaceous  colored 
patch  around  each  eyespot.  Body  deep  rich  wine  red  color  both 
dorsally  and  ventrally.  Legs  and  furcula  yellow.  First  two  anten¬ 
nal  joints  light,  last  two  vinaceous.  Eyes  8  on  each  side  on  light 
vinaceous  eyespots.  Antennae  to  head  as  33  :  23.  Relative  lengths 
of  antennal  joints  as :  3  :  1 1  :  14 :  4.  Ant.  3  and  4  not  subsegmented, 
with  the  4th  bearing  definite  whorls  of  hairs.  Unguis  (Fig.  30) 
rather  straight  and  pointed  with  an  inner  tooth  one  fourth  from 
distal  end  and  two  outer  teeth.  Unguiculus  bearing  a  small  incon¬ 
spicuous  inner  spine  and  a  distinctly  knobbed  subapical  bristle 
which  extends  beyond  apex  of  unguis.  Tenent  hairs  absent. 

Dentes  three  times  length  of  mucro,  with  2  dorsal  rows  of  setae, 
the  outer  comprised  of  2  basal  simple  setae  and  5-6  serrate  setae ; 
4  long  setae  on  inner  row;  4  repressed  ventral  setae  on  distal  half. 
Mucro  (Fig.  31)  with  both  margins  serrate,  with  18-20  teeth  on 
inner  margin.  Subanal  appendage  of  female  (Fig.  33)  spinelike, 


66  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vol.  XLIV 


long,  curving  distally.  Short  erect  simple  setae  posteriorly  on 
abdomen. 

Wilmington,  North  Carolina,  March  23,  1943,  taken  in  leaf 
mould,  from  pine  woods,  D.  L.  Wray.  In  NCDA  Insect  Collec¬ 
tion. 

Dicyrtoma  hageni  Folsom.  (Figs.  25-28) 

The  specimens  of  this  species  taken  were  much  smaller  than 
given  by  Folsom,  averaging  1.0  mm.  in  length,  whereas  he  gives 
1.5  mm.  Taken  in  coastal  areas  so  far:  Castle  Hayne,  N.  C., 
March,  30,  1943,  in  leaf  mould,  D.  L.  W. ;  Vanceboro,  N.  C.,  Nov. 
16,  1946,  leaf  mould,  D.  L.  Wray. 

Dicyrtoma  frontalis  Banks,  1903 

This  distinct  and  well  marked  species  was  taken  at  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
January  26,  1944,  by  D.  L.  Wray  and  C.  S.  Brimley,  from  rotten 
grass  at  edge  of  Lake  Raleigh.  I  have  compared  these  specimens 
with  the  type  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Harvard 
College,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that 
this  probably  is  the  first  recovery  of  this  interesting  species  since 
the  original  collection  in  Washington,  D.  C.  in  1903  by  Banks. 


Explanation  of  Plate  IV 

Dicyrtoma  ochreous,  n.  sp.  Fig.  1.  Lateral  view  of  body. 
2.  Mucro.  3.  Female  subanal  appendage.  4.  Left  fore  foot. 
5.  Left  hind  foot.  6.  Left  eyespot.  7.  Lateral  abd.  bothriotrichia 
left  side.  Dicyrtoma  mithra,  n.  sp.  8.  Dorsal  view.  9.  Left  eye. 
10.  Dens-mucro.  11.  Left  hind  foot.  12.  Left  middle  foot. 
13.  Spines  on  head.  14.  Spines  on  posterior  abdomen.  15.  Fe¬ 
male  subanal  appendage.  16.  Lateral  view  anal  segment  showing 
spines.  17.  Dorsal  protuberance  on  posterior  part  of  abdomen. 
18.  Position  of  bothriotrichia  on  lateral  side  of  body.  Dicyrtoma 
curvilineata,  n.  sp.  19.  Dorsal  view  color  pattern.  20.  Lateral 
view  color  pattern.  21.  Tenaculum  and  papillae.  22.  Female 
subanal  appendage.  23.  Left  hind  foot.  24.  Dens-mucro.  Di¬ 
cyrtoma  hageni  Folsom.  25.  Dorsal  view  color  pattern.  26.  Sub¬ 
anal  appendage  of  female.  27.  Hind  foot.  28.  Eyespot.  Dicyr¬ 
toma  hageni  variety  vinalis  new  variety.  29.  Dorsal  view  color 
pattern.  30.  Left  hind  foot.  31.  Mucro.  32.  Eyespot.  33.  Sub¬ 
anal  appendage  of  female. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  67 


Bull.  B.  E.  S..  Vol.  XLIV 


Plate  IV 


68  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vol.  XL1V 


I  wish  to  express  my  thanks  and  appreciation  to  Dr.  Harlow  B. 
Mills,  for  his  help  and  suggestions,  and  to  Dr.  J.  Bequaert,  Curator 
of  Insects,  MCZ,  Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  for  his 
kindness  and  permission  to  work  there  examining  the  types  of  vari¬ 
ous  species.  , 


Literature  Used  and  Cited 

Banks,  Nathan.  1903.  New  Smythuridae  from  the  District 
of  Columbia.  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  Washington,  5  :  154-155.  (Describes  Dicyrtoma  fron¬ 
talis  Banks). 

Folsom,  J.  W.  1896a.  New  Species  of  Papirius.  Psyche  7 :  344- 
345.  (Describes  Dicyrtoma  hageni  Folsom  originally  un¬ 
der  Papirius  hagenii  Folsom). 

- ,1934.  Redescriptions  of  North  American  Sminthuridae. 

Iowa  State  College  Journal  of  Science,  vol.  VIII,  no.  4, 
pp.  461-511.  (Redescribes  Papirius  hagenii  Folsom  un¬ 
der  Dicyrtoma  hageni  Folsom). 

Mills,  Harlow  B.  1934.  A  Monograph  of  the  Collembola 
of  Iowa.  Collegiate  Press,  Inc.,  Ames,  Iowa,  143  pp., 
12  Pis.  (Describes  Dicyrtoma  quadangularis  Mills). 


Rhagionidae  (Diptera)  from  the  Great  Smoky  Mountains 
National  Park.  Five  species  of  this  family  were  collected  by  the 
writer  and  Robert  R.  Dreisbach  in  the  Tennessee  part  of  the  park 
in  1946:  Chrysopilus  connexus  Jns.,  Elkmont,  June  15,  2  §2;  C. 
ornatus  Say,  Cherokee  Orchard,  June  14,  2;  C.  quadratus  Say, 
Elkmont,  June  15,  2;  C.  rotundipennis  Lw.,  Cades  Cove,  June  13, 
J1;  Rhagio  vertebratus  Lw.,  Cherokee  Orchard,  June  11,  Chimneys 
Camp,  June  11,  Headquarters,  June  15,  3  (JJ1,  3  22-  It  is  interest¬ 
ing  to  note  that  the  only  form  found  in  Cades  Cove  ( Chrysopilus 
rotundipennis )  has  a  costal  plains  distribution.  Chrysopilus 
connexus  is  apparently  known  only  from  the  North  Carolina  moun¬ 
tains  and  Jacksonville,  Florida.  The  others  are  more  widespread. 
— George  C.  Steyskal,  Grosse  lie,  Michigan. 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  69 


THE  OCCURRENCE  OF  ANOMIS  COMMODA  BUTLER 

IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  ITS  LIFE  HISTORY 
(LEPIDOPTERA,  PHALAENIDAE, 
CATOCALINAE). 

J.  G.  Franclemont,  Arlington,  Virginia. 

In  the  fall  of  1927  Laurent  published  a  note  in  Entomological  News 
(Volume  xxxviii,  320)  on  the  presence  of  Rusicada  fulvida  Guenee 
in  the  United  States;  Dr.  McDunnough  made  the  determination 
for  Mr.  Laurent.  Guenee  described  Anomis  fulvida  in  1852  (Spec. 
Gen.  Lepid.,  vi  (Noct.  ii),  397)  ;  he  listed  as  the  locality  “Amerique 
Septentrionale’’  and  the  Collection  of  the  East  India  Company. 
If  two  or  more  specimens  existed  at  that  time,  all  but  one  have  been 
lost  as  the  only  specimen1  in  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History) 
is  the  one  from  the  Collection  of  the  East  India  Company.  This 
specimen  is  marked  type  and  agrees  in  all  details  with  the  descrip¬ 
tion.  It  is  a  member  of  a  difficult  complex  of  tropical,  Indo- 
Australian  species.  This  specimen  and  the  description  do  not 
agree  with  the  species  occurring  in  the  Eastern  United  States. 

The  species  which  Laurent  collected  and  reared  from  larvae 
near  Philadelphia,  and  which  I  collected  and  reared  from  eggs 
this  year  at  Arlington  is  Anomis  commoda.  It  was  described  as 
Gonitis  commoda  by  Butler  (Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (5),  i,  203, 
1878),  and  the  female  was  figured  later  in  the  same  year  (Illustr. 
Typical  Specimens  Lepid.  Heter.  Brit.  Mus.,  ii,  36,  pi.  32,  fig.  3). 
The  same  species  was  described  by  Warren  (in  Seitz,  Grossschmet- 
terlinge,  iii,  360,  pi.  66,  figs.  B4  and  B5,  1913)  as  Rusicada  fulvida 
subsp.  suhfulvida ;  the  figure  of  the  male  is  labeled  fulvida.  Both 
types  were  from  the  Tokio-Yokohama  area.  This  is  a  member  of 
a  small  group  of  species  which  have  become  adapted  to  the  warmer 
regions  of  the  temperate  zone,  and  which  instead  of  retreating  to  the 
tropics  with  the  approach  of  cold  weather  remain  as  pupae  through¬ 
out  the  winter.  The  genitalia  of  our  specimens  agree  exactly  with 
those  of  Japanese  specimens. 

This  species  is  more  closely  related  to  Anomis  crosa  Hbn.  and 
Anomis  flava  than  to  any  other  species  occurring  in  the  Americas. 
In  the  McDunnough  Check  List  it  should  precede  crosa  and  be 
listed  as  follows, 

'Dr.  W.  T.  M.  Forbes  examined  the  Guenee  type  of  Anomis 
fulvida  in  the  Collections  of  the  British  Museum  (Natural  1  Tistory) 
and  in  addition  made  notes  on  the  group  in  general  for  me. 


70  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  vol.  XLIV 


commoda  Butl. 

Xfulvida  Auct. 
subjulvida  Warren 

Anomis  commoda  has  been  collected  at  Mt.  Airy,  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania  by  Philip  Laurent,  at  Moorestown,  New  Jersey  by 
John  W.  Cadbury,  III  and  near  Minor  Hill,  Arlington,  Virginia  by 
myself.  The  date  of  introduction  of  this  species  into  the  United 
States  is  a  matter  of  conjecture.  I  think  it  is  safe  to  assume  that 
Guenee  did  not  have  it  before  him  in  1852  when  he  drew  up  his  de¬ 
scription  of  fulvida,  because  that  description  disagrees  with  this 
species  in  all  its  essential  points.  It  is  probable  that  the  moth  was 
introduced  from  Japan  or  China  in  the  pupal  stage  with  ornamental 
plantings  of  Hibiscus  in  the  early  part  of  this  century.  The  point 
of  entry  is  also  a  moot  question.  Thus  far  the  only  recorded  food 
plant  is  Hibiscus  syriacus,  commonly  called  “Rose  of  Sharon’’  or 
“Althea.” 

The  moth,  mostly  females,  comes  infrequently  to  light.  During 
the  past  season  I  took  five  males  and  sixteen  females  at  light ;  the 
first  specimen  caught  on  April  twenty-third  was  a  male,  the  sec¬ 
ond  specimen  on  May  second  was  a  female,  from  this  specimen  a 
brood  of  moths  was  reared.  The  last  specimen  caught  at  light  was 
on  September  twentieth,  and  the  last  larvae  were  found  on  October 
twenty-third  ;  these  were  full  grown  and  pupated  within  a  few  days. 
The  moth  was  taken  throughout  the  entire  season ;  there  are  ap¬ 
parently  three  broods  with  considerable  overlapping  at  Arlington. 
The  larvae  were  also  found  on  Hibiscus  syriacus  during  the  whole 
season;  they  were  most  abundant  in  July,  but  searching  with  a 
flashlight  any  night  would  generally  reveal  some  larvae  feeding 
on  the  foliage  of  the  terminal  branches.  The  larvae  were  more 
difficult  to  find  in  the  daytime  as  they  rested  upon  the  young  twigs  of 
the  food  plant,  and  their  color  was  an  excellent  match  for  that  of  the 
twigs. 

The  female  moth  caught  on  the  second  of  May  began  laying  eggs 
on  the  fifth  and  continued  to  do  so  for  a  period  of  almost  four  weeks, 
laying  about  three  hundred  and  twenty-five.  The  eggs  were  very 
much  flattened,  slightly  ribbed  and  pale  yellow  in  color,  darkening 
before  hatching,  which  took  place  five  days  after  oviposition. 

The  first  instar  larvae  were  yellowish  upon  hatching,  but  turned 
green  after  feeding ;  the  tubercles  were  black ;  the  first  two  pairs  of 
prolegs  were  extremely  reduced  and  not  used  in  walking.  The 
first  moult  occurred  on  the  third  day  after  hatching.  In  the  second 


April,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  71 


instar  the  larvae  were  unchanged  from  the  first.  The  second 
moult  came  three  days  after  the  first.  In  the  third  instar  the 
black  tubercles  were  very  conspicuous ;  there  was  a  faint  indication 
of  two  subdorsal  whitish  lines;  the  two  first  pairs  of  prolegs  were 
larger  and  were  now  used  in  walking.  The  third  moult  followed 
the  second  in  four  days ;  the  larvae  in  the  fourth  instar  were  much 
like  the  previous  one.  The  fourth  and  last  moult  followed  in  four 
days.  The  larvae  in  the  final  instar  were  greenish  gray ;  the  tuber¬ 
cles  were  black  ringed  with  white ;  there  was  a  tendency  for  the 
occurrence  of  dark  hexagonal  markings  on  the  dorsum  of  each  seg¬ 
ment,  but  most  noticeable  on  the  first  four  abdominal  segments. 
The  head  was  brown,  often  marked  with  bright  yellow-orange  on 
the  vertex.  All  the  prolegs  were  developed,  with  only  the  first 
pair  slightly  less  so  than  the  others.  The  larvae  were  about  one 
inch  and  three  quarters  long,  somewhat  slender  and  slightly  de¬ 
pressed  dorso-ventrally.  They  fed  for  five  days,  and  then  spun 
very  flimsy  cocoons  among  the  leaves ;  pupation  took  place  in  three 
to  four  days,  and  the  moths  emerged  after  another  twelve  to  fifteen 
days.  About  ten  percent  of  this  brood  are  overwintering  as  pupae. 
In  nature  I  have  found  the  cocoons  spun  in  the  angle  where  the 
porch  roof  joins  the  wall  and  in  a  single  folded  leaf  on  the  food 
plant.  The  larvae  were  fed  Hibiscus  syriacus.  In  addition  they 
were  offered  Hibiscus  esculenta,  Okra,  and  Althaea  rosea,  Holly¬ 
hock  ;  one  last  instar  larva  fed  for  a  short  time  on  the  former,  but 
soon  abandoned  it  and  returned  to  the  H.  syriacus;  no  attempt  was 
made  by  any  of  the  larvae  to  eat  Hollyhock. 


Wanted. — Brief  notes  from  6  to  30  typed  lines  to  fill  such  spaces 
as  this  are  requested  by  the  Editor. 


72  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Eol.  XLIV 


FLIGHT  NOTES:  TWO  PAPILIO,  ONE  KRICOGONIA 

Otto  Buchiiolz,  Roselle  Park,  New  Jersey. 

During  my  many  years  of  collecting,  I  have  observed  several 
things  which  are  probably  of  interest  to  the  amateur,  as  well  as 
the  professional.  For  a  long  time,  different  friends  of  mine  have 
asked  me  to  publish  some  of  them.  So,  with  their  insistence,  I 
shall  relate  a  few  of  them.  I  hope  that  they  will  be  of  some  assis¬ 
tance  to  students  interested  in  migrations,  or  if  you  prefer,  mass 
flights. 

PAPILIO  PALAMEDES  DRURY :  All  the  males  that  I  saw 
during  the  summer  of  1938  to  1946  in  the  Dismal  Swamp,  near 
Suffolk,  Va.,  were  flying  along  the  trail,  in  a  westerly  direction. 
All  summer,  from  early  morning  to  about  one  o’clock  in  the  after¬ 
noon,  they  were  on  the  wing.  These  specimens  were  all  in  good 
condition.  The  females  were  only  found  among  the  vegetation, 
ovipositing  or  seeming  to  be  looking  for  a  place  to  oviposit. 

PAPILIO  TROILUS  ILIONEUS  ABBOTT  &  SMITH:  In 
May,  1947,  at  Royal  Palm  State  Park  (old  name:  Paradise  Key), 
on  the  southern  end  of  Florida,  I  saw  numerous  males  gathering 
in  a  small  clearing  after  four  o’clock.  They  then  would  go  through 
a  “run”  between  the  trees,  finally  ending  up  in  the  tall  trees  for 
the  night.  The  females,  like  those  of  P.  palamedes,  were  found 
only  among  the  vegetation — not  flying  out  in  the  open. 

Instances  of  roosting  are  common  in  Florida  and  occur  among  a 
number  of  tbe  species  in  several  of  the  families. 

KRICOGONIA  LYSIDE  GODART:  Both  males  and  females 
were  observed  traveling  in  a  northwesterly  direction  on  a  govern¬ 
ment  reservation  southeast  of  Pharr,  Texas.  The  territory  is  hot, 
dry,  tropical  desert  scrub  vegetation,  with  few  moist  places.  What 
we  observe  here  is  probably  a  mass  flight,  such  as  is  known  to  occur 
in  the  West  Indies. 

Editor’s  Note:  This  paper  was  written  by  Kent  H.  Wilson,  but 
full  credit  is  given  to  Mr.  Buchholz  as  he  was  the  observer. 


BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

BROOKLYN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY 


Vol.  XLIV  June,  1949  No.  3 


AMERICAN  SYRPHID  FLIES  OF  THE  SUBFAMILIES 
CHEILOSINAE  AND  SYRPHINAE. 

Frank  M.  Hull,  University  of  Mississippi. 

Trichopsomyia  urania  n.  sp. 

A  small,  brassy  black  species  with  two  large  pale  yellow  spots 
upon  the  third  abdominal  segment.  Perhaps  related  to  Currani 
Fluke.  Length  6.5  mm.  excluding  antennae;  antennae  1  mm. 

Male.  Head:  face  and  front  and  cheeks  polished  shining  black. 
The  front  has  a  large  opaque  black  triangle  on  the  convex  upper 
portion.  The  eye  margins  along  the  face  are  narrowly  silvery 
white  pubescent,  and  are  almost  confluent  with  a  similar,  scarcely 
wider,  linear  spot  of  such  pubescence  upon  the  ocular  margin  of  the 
lower  part  of  the  front.  The  long  fine  pile  in  the  middle  of  the 
face  is  white  becoming  black  laterally;  the  frontal  pile  is  long, 
and  fine  and  abundant  and  entirely  black  except  for  a  few  white 
hairs  in  the  center.  The  vertex  is  black  and  slightly  brassy  with 
black  pile.  The  ocular  pile  is  very  dense,  longer  above  and  dark 
brown  appearing  black  in  some  lights.  There  is  a  distinct,  com¬ 
plete,  horizontal,  bare  stripe  running  across  the  middle  of  the 
eye  and  a  similar,  wider  bare  stripe  as  wide  as  the  vertical  triangle, 
running  from  the  vertical  triangle  along  the  posterior  occiput 
downward  and  narrowing  until  it  reaches  the  posterior  limit  of  the 
horizontal  stripe.  The  antennae  are  elongate ;  the  first  segment 
is  reddish  brown,  the  second  reddish  brown  below  and  blackish 
above;  and  these  two  segments  are  of  equal  length.  The  third 
segment  is  blackish  throughout  or  perhaps  faintly  dark  brown  at 
the  base  below.  Viewed  along  its  medial  surface  it  is  a  little 
longer  than  the  first  and  second  segments  together.  Thorax:  the 
mesonotum  and  scutellum  are  brassy  black  without  evident  vitta ; 
the  pile  is  rather  long,  especially  upon  the  scutellum,  abundant  and 


74  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  V°l-  XLIF 


light  yellow.  The  pleura  and  humeri  are  brassy  black  and  the 
pleural  pile  is  yellow  except  upon  the  pteropleura  where  it  is  black¬ 
ish.  Squamae  brown  with  dark  brown  border  and  fringe.  Hal- 
teres  orange  with  a  brownish  knob.  Legs:  the  femora  are  black 
and  faintly  brassy  with  the  apices  of  the  anterior  and  middle 
femora  narrowly  yellowish  brown  and  the  extreme  apex  of  the 
hind  pair  obscurely  dark  brown.  The  anteriqr  tibiae  are  very 
dark  brown,  the  basal  third  diffusely  brownish  yellow.  The  mid¬ 
dle  tibiae  are  similar,  the  apex  and  basal  half  yellowish.  Hind 
tibiae  entirely  dark,  almost  black,  but  perhaps  actually  very  dark 
reddish  sepia;  their  pile  is  entirely  brownish  black.  The  pile  of 
the  hind  femora  is  brownish  black  except  dorsally  along  the  basal 
two-thirds  and  more  narrowly  basally  where  it  is  reddish  brown 
and  in  places  yellow.  The  first  two  segments  of  the  anterior  and 
middle  tarsi  are  yellow,  the  remaining  segments  black.  The  apical 
third  of  posterior  basitarsi,  the  second  segment  and  the  basal  half 
of  the  third  segment  yellow  with  yellow  pile,  the  remaining  seg¬ 
ments  black  with  black  pile.  Wings:  dilutely  tinged  with  brown  in 
the  middle  and  still  more  faintly  over  the  remainder  of  the  wing 
where  the  brown  tinge  may  be  due  to  the  thick  villi.  Stigmal  area 
yellow.  Abdomen:  the  first  segment  is  brassy  black.  The  second 
segment  is  black  but  only  obscurely  shining;  it  is  rather  greenish 
brassy  across  the  middle,  but  subopaque  posteriorly  and  basally. 
The  pile  is  thick  and  brassy  yellow  except  upon  the  posterior  mar¬ 
gin  where  it  becomes  dark  and  appears  blackish.  The  pile  on 
either  side  of  the  center  of  the  segment  is  more  or  less  appressed 
and  directed  laterally  and  towards  the  middle  posteriorly.  The 
third  segment  is  obscurely  shining  brassy  black,  with  a  pair  of  very 
large,  nearly  quadrate,  pale  yellow  spots  which  are  slightly  wider 
than  long  and  separated  in  the  middle  by  a  distance  fully  equal  to 
half  their  length;  the  anterobasal  corners  of  these  spots  are  rounded 
and  truncate ;  the  spots  do  not  reach  the  lateral  margins.  The  pile 
of  this  segment  is  yellow  except  upon  the  posterior  margin.  Fourth 
segment  entirely  shining  brassy  black,  in  shape  subtriangular ;  the 
pile  is  abundant,  short,  erect  and  brassy  yellow. 

Holotype:  male,  Pucallpa,  Peru,  Dec.  9,  1947,  Jose  Schunke. 

Rhysops  funerea  n.  sp. 

An  entirely  black  species  with  strong  brassy  reflections  upon 
the  thorax  and  the  lateral  margin  of  the  abdomen.  Wings  heavily 
tinged  with  brown.  Distinguished  by  these  characters  from  nigrans 
Fluke.  Length  9  mm. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  75 


Male.  Head:  face  and  front  black  and  somewhat  brassy,  the 
sides  of  the  face  are  very  thinly  yellowish  grey  pollinose ;  the  pollen 
becomes  thicker  and  more  distinct  narrowly  along  the  eye  margins. 
The  facial  pollen  is  not  punctate  and  the  sides  of  the  face  opposite 
the  tubercle  have  one  long  and  two  or  three  microscopic,  striate 
creases.  Facial  tubercle  with  one  distinct  crease  above  and  faint 
traces  of  a  second  still  more  shallow  crease.  The  pile  of  the  face 
and  front  is  black ;  the  entire  eye  margins  of  the  front  are  widely 
but  obscurely  dark  yellowish  grey  pollinose.  The  middle  of  the 
front  is  biconvex  with  shallow,  narrow,  medial  crease  between. 
In  front  of  these  convexities  lie  a  pair  of  shallow  punctate  depres¬ 
sions.  The  first  segment  of  the  antennae  and  the  second  are  dark 
reddish  brown,  a  little  paler  ventrally ;  the  third  is  blackish  above, 
reddish  below.  The  first  segment  is  distinctly  shorter  than  the 
second  and  third  combined ;  the  first  segment  based  on  the  dorsal 
length,  is  a  little  longer  than  the  second  but  not  quite  as  long  as 
the  dorsal  length  of  the  third  segment.  Arista  missing.  Thorax: 
mesonoum,  scutellum  and  pleura  black  with  strong  brassy  reflec¬ 
tions  ;  the  mesonotal  pile  is  light  brownish  yellow.  The  scutellar 
pile  is  longer  and  yellow  with  four  or  five  long,  slender,  black,  mar¬ 
ginal  hairs  ;  ventral  fringe  quite  long  and  yellowish.  The  squamae 
are  pale  brownish  white  with  the  margin  and  fringe  brownish. 
Legs:  black,  the  extreme  apex  of  anterior  and  middle  femora  and 
the  still  more  narrow  base  of  their  tibiae  yellowish  brown.  All  of 
the  tarsi  and  the  whole  of  the  hind  femora  and  tibiae  are  black. 
The  pile  of  the  legs  is  blackish ;  the  mat  of  the  hind  tarsi  however 
is  browmish  yellow,  at  least  laterally.  Wings:  slightly  longer  than 
the  abdomen  and  heavily  tinged  with  brown  which  is  darker  in  the 
middle  and  in  the  costal  and  marginal  and  submarginal  cell  and  is 
still  darker  upon  all  of  the  cross  veins  and  upon  the  stigmal  portion 
of  the  subcostal  cell.  The  third  vein  is  quite  straight.  Abdomen: 
with  parallel  sides,  dull  black  in  color  and  only  feebly  shining  down 
the  middle  but  rather  strongly  metallic  along  the  lateral  margins. 

Holotype :  male,  Nova  Teutonia,  Brazil,  collected  by  Fritz  Plau- 
mann,  Jan-March  1948. 

This  species  is  related  to  nigrans  Fluke  but  in  that  species  the 
male  is  described  as  having  obscure  yellowish  spots  which  while 
more  indistinct  than  in  the  female  are  present  at  least  and  can  be 
discerned.  In  nigrans  also  the  basal  one-third  of  the  tibiae  are  de¬ 
scribed  as  reddish  yellow  and  the  wings  are  only  tinged  with  brown 
instead  of  being  deeply  brownish  as  in  fitncrca. 


76  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vol.  XLIV 


Allograpta  harlequina  n.  sp. 

A  vittate  species.  Not  close  to  described  species.  Length 
8.5  mm. 

Male.  Head:  cheeks  brownish  black;  the  face  is  pale  yellow  but 
very  widely  and  sharply  black  in  the  middle  over  the  tubercle ;  the 
black  slightly  decreases  to  the  epistoma  and  expands  above  the 
tubercle.  The  face  is  concave  in  the  middle  with  secondary  tubercle 
above,  beneath  the  antennae.  The  black  of  the  face  encircles  the 
lower  part  of  the  front  leaving  the  remainder  of  the  front  sharply 
whitish  yellow  with  similarly  colored  pile.  The  first  and  second 
segments  of  the  antennae  are  black ;  third  missing.  Eyes  bare. 
The  vertex  is  metallic  black  without  pollen  except  upon  the  occi¬ 
put ;  occipital  pile  pale  yellow.  Thorax:  mesonotum  metallic 
black  with  brassy  reflections  sublaterally  and  distinctly  trivittate ; 
the  vittae  are  shining  greyish  green  with  brownish  to  greyish  pollen. 
Humeri,  notopleura  and  the  area  between  sharply  yellowish  white. 
Postcalli  pale  yellow  except  anteriorly  and  posteriorly.  The  scu- 
tellum  is  pale  yellow  with  a  complete,  rather  wide,  but  diffuse 
dark  brown  preapical  band  ;  the  declivitious  base  is  also  narrowly 
brown.  The  mesonotal  and  pleural  pile  is  light  yellow ;  all  scu- 
tellar  pile  yellow.  Pleura  metallic  black  with  well  defined  yellow 
area  upon  the  posterior  half  of  the  mesopleura  and  all  of  the  meta¬ 
pleura  except  its  narrow  posterior  border.  Squamae  yellow.  Legs: 
femora  pale  yellow,  the  hind  pair  becoming  diffusely  brown  near 
the  middle  on  the  upper  side  and  at  the  outer  third  below.  The  an¬ 
terior  and  middle  tibiae  are  wholly  pale  yellow ;  the  hind  tibiae  are 
brown,  a  little  paler  at  the  base.  All  of  the  tarsi  are  dark  brown. 
Wings:  hyaline;  the  stigmal  area  is  yellow  but  the  basal  half  of  the 
subcostal  cell  is  rather  darker  yellow  brown.  Whole  costal  cell  quite 
clear.  Abdomen:  first  segment  yellow  but  brassy  black  on  a  tri¬ 
angle  upon  the  posterior  border  on  each  side.  The  second  seg¬ 
ment  is  wider  than  long,  brownish  black  with,  in  the  middle  on 
either  side,  a  triangular  yellow  spot  distinctly  separated  in  the 
middle.  The  anterior  border  of  the  spot  is  quite  transverse  but 
turned  backwards  a  little  at  the  margin ;  the  posterior  border  is 
also  straight  but  oblique.  The  yellow  spots  reach  the  posterior 
corners  and  reach  the  margin  in  full  width.  The  third  segment 
has  a  pair  of  bright,  clear  yellow,  sharply  marked,  slightly  oblique, 
vittate,  posteriorly  pointed,  yellow  spots  which  run  from  the  base 
near  the  middle  of  the  segment  and  diverge  to  end  close  to  the 
posterior  margin  and  almost  as  close  to  the  lateral  margin.  The 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  77 


fourth  segment  has  similar,  equally  large,  parallel-sided  spots,  also 
reaching  from  the  base  to  about  the  same  point  posteriorly ;  these 
spots  are  not  quite  so  wide  as  the  preceeding  pair  and  also  are 
slightly  less  divergent  but  appear  to  be  more  divergent  because  the 
postero-medial  aspect  of  these  spots  is  rounded  and  leaves  the  spots 
pointed  outwardly.  The  fifth  segment  has  a  pair  of  parallel,  widely 
separated  yellow  spots  which  are  elongate  and  oval ;  they  are  widest 
upon  the  base  of  the  segment  and  reach  nearly  to  the  end  of  the 
segment. 

Holotype :  male,  Santiago,  Chile,  March  30,  1944.  Presented 
to  the  author  by  Senor  Stuardo  Ortiz. 

Mesogramma  intermedia  n.  sp. 

This  species  is  intermediate  between  anthorata  Macquart  and 
tibicen  Wiedmann.  It  appears  to  be  quite  distinct  from  each  of 
them.  Length  10  mm. 

Female.  Head:  the  face  is  moderately  produced.  The  cheeks 
and  face  are  yellow  and  the  middle  of  the  face  and  tubercle  broadly 
dark  shining  brown.  The  sides  of  the  face  are  white  pollinose  with 
whitish  pile  and  the  yellow  extends  narrowly  up  the  sides  of  the 
front ;  the  pollen  on  this  area  is  pale  yellow.  The  intervening  por¬ 
tion  and  remainder  of  the  front  and  the  entire  vertex  are  black. 
The  lower  portion  of  the  front  is  somewhat  protuberant,  polished 
black,  transversely  constricted  above  and  with  a  medial  linear  line. 
The  upper  part  of  the  front  is  opaque  and  from  a  side  view  dark 
brown  pollinose  with  lighter  pollen  down  the  middle.  The  vertex 
is  brassy  between  the  ocelli  which  lie  in  an  equilateral  triangle  but 
bright  metallic  blue  immediately  behind  the  ocelli  and  still  further 
behind  brassy.  The  vertical  pile  is  short,  scanty  and  yellowish 
but  may  appear  black  in  some  lights.  The  antennae  are  yellowish 
brown  on  the  basal  and  second  segments  and  narrowly  upon  the 
base  of  the  third  segment ;  the  remainder  of  the  third  segment  is 
black.  The  arista  is  reddish  brown  with  the  apex  blackish.  The 
occiput  is  densely  brownish  golden  pollinose  above  becoming  grey 
near  the  bottom.  The  occipital  pile  is  shining  yellow  and  consider¬ 
ably  flattened  in  the  middle.  The  middle  of  the  posterior  eye  mar¬ 
gins  are  rather  deeply  indented  and  there  are  three  or  four  rows  of 
the  scalose  pile  at  this  point.  Thorax:  the  mesonotum  is  black, 
heavily  covered  with  golden  brown  pollen  down  the  middle  and 
this  wide  area  is  divided  by  a  medial,  wide,  steel  blue  stripe  which 
itself  is  divided  in  some  lights  by  a  narrow  grey  line.  The  lateral 
margins  of  the  mesonotum  and  the  entire  margin  of  the  scutellum, 


78  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIY 


the  notopleura  and  the  humeri  are  clear,  distinct  pale  yellow,  sharply 
set  away  from  the  dark  color.  The  dark  mesonotal  color  immed¬ 
iately  adjacent  to  the  yellow  borders  is  dark  brown  pollinose  merg¬ 
ing  diffusely  and  gradually  into  the  submedial  golden  brown  pollen. 
The  posterior  half  of  the  mesopleura,  a  large  oval  spot  on  the 
upper  border  of  the  sternopleura  and  the  propleura  are  pale  yellow. 
Squamae  and  fringe  yellow,  the  halteres  yellow  with  a  greyish 
brown  knob.  Legs:  the  anterior  and  middle  femora  are  yellow 
with  a  faint  diffuse,  subapical  brown  annulus,  tbeir  basal  pile  yel¬ 
low  ;  the  middle  femur  black  pilose  apically.  Anterior  and  middle 
tibiae  entirely  pale  yellow.  The  first  four  segments  of  the  anterior 
tarsi  are  quite  black  upon  the  dorsal  surface  except  the  extreme 
base  of  the  first  segment ;  their  pile  is  reddish  brown.  The  apical 
segment  is  yellowish  brown  and  the  ventral  surface  of  these  tarsi 
is  yellow  with  golden  pile.  The  middle  tarsi  are  blackish  upon  the 
second,  third  and  fourth  segments  and  apex  of  the  basal  segment ; 
the  remaining  segments  are  yellowish.  Hind  femur  yellow  on  the 
basal  third  becoming  diffusely  brown  and  then  almost  black  except 
the  apex  which  is  yellowish  brown.  These  femora  are  black  pilose 
on  the  dark  areas  and  yellow  pilose  basally ;  hind  tibiae  dark  brown 
at  extreme  base  and  apex  and  almost  black  between,  their  idle  black. 
The  dorsal  surface  of  the  hind  basitarsi  is  light  reddish  brown  with 
black  pile  above  and  golden  pile  below  except  the  dorsal  apex 
which  is  black ;  the  remaining  segments  are  black  with  black  pile 
above.  Wings:  quite  hyaline,  elongate,  the  first  posterior  cell 
rather  slender  with  a  distinct  dip  in  the  third  vein  ;  the  entire  stigmal 
area  is  pale  brown  and  the  alulae  well  developed  and  wide. 
Abdomen:  quite  flattened,  the  sides  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth 
segments  are  emarginate ;  the  first  segment  is  yellow  laterally,  black 
transversely  in  the  middle  and  on  the  posterior  half  but  the  posterior 
corners  and  whole  lateral  margins  are  yellow ;  the  lateral  pile  is 
yellow,  the  remaining  pile  black.  The  second  segment  is  narrowly 
brown  across  the  base,  narrowly  yellowish  in  the  anterior  corners 
followed  by  a  more  narrow,  opaque  black  band  and  in  the  middle  of 
the  segment  a  very  slightly  arched,  complete  yellow  band  which  is 
approximately  one-fourth  as  wide  as  the  segment  is  long.  This  yel¬ 
low  band  is  bordered  posteriorly  by  an  opaque  black  band  which  in 
the  middle  is  a  little  wider  but  becomes  attenuated  laterally  until  it  is 
not  quite  as  wide  as  the  yellow  band.  The  posterior  margin  of 
the  second  segment  is  occupied  by  a  shining  black  band  of  uniform 
width  and  purplish  reflections ;  its  width  is  at  least  one-fifth  the 
length  of  the  segment.  Third  segment  with  a  posterior  shining 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  79 


purplish  black  band  equally  as  wide  as  the  one  on  the  second  seg¬ 
ment  ;  immediately  in  front  of  this  posterior  shining  band  there  is 
an  opaque  black  fascia  expanding  gradually  forward  towards  the 
sides  of  the  segment  to  include  the  entire  lateral  margin ;  the  black 
becomes  quite  narrow  as  it  reaches  the  base  of  the  segment.  In 
the  middle  of  the  segment  the  black  is  produced  forward  to  form 
an  expanding  wedge  of  opaque  black  which  is  wide  and  bluntly 
triangular  on  the  anterior  half  of  the  segment  but  which  does  not 
quite  reach  the  base  of  the  segment.  The  remainder  of  the  seg¬ 
ment  is  light  brownish  yellow.  The  fourth  segment  is  somewhat 
similar  except  that  the  expanding,  posterior,  opaque  fascia  only 
reaches  two-thirds  of  the  length  of  the  lateral  margin ;  the  anterior 
third  is  yellow  and  this  segment  has  a  similar,  equally  large,  medial, 
blunt,  triangular  wedge  in  the  middle  of  the  segment  which  nar¬ 
rowly  touches  the  base  of  the  segment  and  is  bisected  by  a  yellowish 
brown  vitta.  This  medial  yellow  brown  vitta  does  not  reach  the 
base  of  the  segment.  The  remainder  of  this  segment  is  also  light 
brownish  yellow  and  the  posterior  margin  violaceous.  Fifth  seg¬ 
ment  with  posterior  margin  shining  black,  a  low  black  triangle  on 
either  side  and  a  medial  wedge  expanded  to  become  a  trifurcate 
spot  anteriorly ;  the  middle  prong  touches  the  base.  These  areas 
are  opaque  black  and  the  remainder  of  the  segment  is  light  yellow. 

Holotype :  female,  Pucallpa,  Peru,  Dec.  1947,  Jose  Schunke. 

This  species  differs  from  anchorata  Macquart  in  that  the  posterior 
black  fascia  of  the  third  segment  extends  to  the  base  of  the  seg¬ 
ment  laterally  ;  also  the  medial  wedge-like  triangles  are  larger,  more 
blunt  upon  their  lateral  extensions  and  the  one  upon  the  fourth 
segment  is  not  only  bisected  but  extends  to  the  base  of  the  seg¬ 
ment.  This  species  differs  from  tibicen  Wiedemann  in  the  fact 
that  the  medial  triangle  of  the  third  segment  is  wider,  more  acute 
laterally  and  does  not  reach  the  base  and  upon  the  fourth  segment 
it  differs  because  the  black  posterior  fascia  extends  widely  across 
and  includes  the  lateral  margin. 


80  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l ■  XLir 


STUDIES  ON  THE  COLEOPTERA  OF  THE  PACIFIC 

NORTHWEST  III:  CARABIDAE:  HARP  ALIN  AE. 

By  Melville  H.  Hatch,  Seattle,  Washington. 

The  specimens  on  which  this  study  is  based  are  in  the  collection 
of  the  author  at  the  University  of  Washington. 

Platysma  (Hypherpes)  craterense,  sp.  n. 

Black,  alutaceous,  shining,  the  under  surface  and  legs  feebly  pi- 
cescent ;  pronotum  about  six-sevenths  as  long  as  wide,  the  sides  en¬ 
tire,  broadly  arcuate,  sinuate  before  the  bluntly  rectangular  hind 
angles,  the  basal  margin  sinuate,  margined  towards  the  sides,  the 
inner  basal  impression  deep,  linear,  the  region  between  it  and  the 
lateral  margin  usually  tumid  with  the  outer  basal  impression  usually 
a  more  or  less  discrete  foveiform  impression ;  elytra  with  the  striae 
deep,  impunctate,  the  intervals  feebly  convex,  the  humeri  feebly 
dentate,  the  apices  beyond  the  lateral  sinuation  more  or  less  feebly 
obliquely  sinuato-truncate  ;  prosternum  margined  at  tip  ;  metafemur 
unmodified  in  male,  the  posterior  upper  margin  arcuate  ;  last  abdom¬ 
inal  sternite  unmodified,  not  carinate  in  male;  aedeagus  spinosely 
produced  at  apex  ;  length  11-14  mm. 

Type  <$  allotype  5,  and  18  paratypes:  Crater  L.,  Ore.,  June  28, 
1934,  M.  H.  Hatch.  Three  paratypes:  McKenzie  Pass,  Ore.,  June 
21,  1930,  M.  H.  Hatch.  One  paratype,  same  data,  McKenzie  R. 
Single  specimens  lack  the  outer  basal  pronotal  impression  entirely 
or  have  it  linear  with  the  entire  region  between  it  and  the  inner 
impression  broadly  impressed.  From  related  forms,  craterense  is 
usually  distinguished  by  its  obliquely  sinuato-truncate  elytral  apex 
and  the  shape  of  its  aedeagus ;  from  the  lowland  algidum  LeC.  it  is 
further  distinguished  by  its  dentate,  humeri  and  unmodified  male 
metafemora;  and  from  brunneum  Dej.  and  protractum  LeC.  by  the 
tumidity  between  the  inner  basal  pronotal  impression  and  the  hind 
angle. 

Platysma  ( Hypherpes )  scutellare  LeC.  must  be  removed  from 
the  Oregon  list  (Schaupp,  Bull.  Brook.  Ent.  Soc.  1882,  p.  40), 
since  it  does  not  occur  north  of  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.  (Van  Dyke, 
Pan-P.  Ent.  II,  1925,  p.  70). 

Platysma  (Cryobius)  shulli,  sp.  n. 

Body  black,  shining,  not  or  very  finely  alutaceous,  the  lateral 
apical  margin  of  the  elytra  very  narrowly  rufous  or  translucent, 
the  ventral  surface  rufopiceous,  the  epipleurae  and  legs  rufous, 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  81 


mouthparts  rufous,  the  extreme  tip  of  the  palpi  flavous ;  antennae 
with  the  three  basal  segments  rufous,  the  distal  segments  piceous, 
the  apex  of  the  last  segment  somewhat  paler  ;  pronotum  about  three- 
fourths  as  long  as  wide,  moderately  narrowed  behind,  the  base 
nearly  as  wide  as  the  apex,  the  side  margins  curving  out  almost  im¬ 
mediately  from  the  rectangular  hind  angles,  transverse  apical  and 
transverse  basal  impressions  present,  the  impressed  median  line 
nearly  entire,  the  basal  impressions  bistriate,  the  outer  stria  less 
distinct,  the  striae  coalescent  behind  forming  a  coarsely  punctate 
narrow  fovea,  its  floor  slightly  convex,  the  region  between  the  fovea 
and  the  side  margin  feebly  carinate,  the  entire  hind  angle  rather 
strongly  reflexed,  the  basal  margin  towards  the  hind  angle  finely  to 
evanescently  margined ;  elytra  with  eight  entire  moderately  im¬ 
pressed  not  or  vaguely  punctate  striae  and  an  evident  scutellar 
stria  that  has  an  ocellate  puncture  at  its  base,  the  intervals  flat,  the 
third  stria  with  two  dorsal  punctures  near  the  second  stria ;  male 
with  three  basal  protarsal  segments  dilated,  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  last  abdominal  sternite  with  a  single  anal  seta  on  either  side, 
female  with  undilated  protarsi  and  two  anal  setae  ;  length  8-8.5  mm. 

Type  J1  and  allotype  5  :  Pierce,  Idaho,  May  23,  1929,  alt.  3200  ft., 
W.  E.  Shull,  collector.  Named  for  its  collector,  a  well-known 
Northwestern  entomologist.  Distinguished  from  other  species  of 
Cryobius  in  the  Northwest  ( patulum  Csy.,  laevilatum  Notm.,  humi- 
d ulum  Van  D.)  by  the  more  strongly  reflexed  hind  angles  of  the 
pronotum,  the  sides  curving  out  almost  directly  from  the  hind 
angles. 

Amara  (s.  str.)  san-juanensis  sp.  n. 

Very  convex;  black,  shining,  impunctate,  the  upper  surface  aene¬ 
ous,  the  elytra  finely  alutaceous,  somewhat  more  opaquely  so  in  the 
female,  the  antennae  with  the  basal  segements  scarcely  paler,  the 
second  and  the  third  segements  not  carinate,  the  ventral  surface 
and  legs  sometimes  piecous ;  pronotum  about  three-fifths  as  long  as 
wide,  widest  slightly  in  front  of  base,  the  apex  about  three-fifths  as 
wide  as  the  base,  the  sides  broadly  arcuate  from  the  rounded  slightly 
obtuse  hind  angles,  the  posterior  seta-hearing  puncture  closer  to 
the  basal  than  to  the  lateral  margin,  the  basal  impressions  consisting 
of  a  feeble  foveiform  outer  and  a  feeble  linear  inner  impression, 
the  impressed  median  line  attaining  neither  apical  nor  basal  margin  ; 
elytral  striae  scarcely  punctulate,  finely  impressed,  the  outer  ones 
and  the  scutellar  stria  more  finely  and  at  times  incompletely  im¬ 
pressed,  the  scutellar  stria  without  a  seta-hearing  puncture  at  its 


82  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Eol.  XLiv 


base ;  prosternum  at  the  middle  in  the  male  with  a  more  or  less 
evident  punctate  fovea,  sometimes  absent  or  evanescent,  in  the 
female  unmodified;  protobiae  with  terminal  spur  normally  slender; 
femora  with  two  setigerous  punctures  along  inner  margin ;  last 
abdominal  sternite  with  one  (male)  or  two  (female)  anal  setae 
on  either  side  along  the  apical  margin;  length  5.7-6. 5  mm. 

Type  <j\  allotype  $  and  eight  paratypes:  San  Juan  Is.,  Wash., 
Brown’s  Is.,  July  30,  1933,  M.  H.  Hatch.  Two  paratypes:  San 
Juan  Is.,  Wash.  July  14,  1933;  one  paratype  same  data,  July  8, 
1933.  One  paratype:  Van  Horn,  Wash.  Apr.  28,  1930,  A.  D. 
Horn.  From  insignis  Dej.  and  insularis  Horn,  to  which  this 
species  runs  in  Hayward’s  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  XXXIV,  1908, 
p.  49)  and  Casey’s  keys  (Mem.  Col.  VIII,  1918,  p.  393),  san- 
juanensis  is  distinguished  by  its  smaller  size  and  smaller  number 
of  femoral  punctures. 

Amara  (Celia)  amplicollis  Mann.  ( brunnea  Horn  nec  Gyll.). 

Washington  specimens  that  correspond  closely  with  Horn’s  de¬ 
scription  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  XIX,  1892,  p.  39)  of  brunnea  Gyll. 
differ  from  European  specimens  by  their  bluntly  rectangular  rather 
than  obtusely  rounded  pronotal  hind  angles.  Consequently  I  sug¬ 
gest  the  adoption  for  the  present  of  Mannerheim’s  name  for  North¬ 
western  material,  even  though  his  description  (Bull.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat. 
Moscou  1853,  p.  139)  calls  somewhat  ambiguously  for  hind  angles 
“subrotundatis.” 

The  variability  in  the  shape  of  the  mentum  tooth  in  amplicollis , 
in  exlineae  Minsk  and  Hatch,  and  in  certain  species  of  the  musculus 
-group  leads  me  to  abandon  the  use  of  the  subgenus  Acrodon  Zimm. 
(Minsk  and  Hatch,  Bull.  Brook.  Ent.  Soc.  XXXI V,  1939,  pp. 
215-216)  and  to  suggest  that  its  species  be  incorporated  in  the 
musculus-g roup  to  some  members  of  which  they  are  very  similar. 

Amara  (Celia)  wakelandi,  sp.  n. 

Form  oblong  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad;  shining  black  or 
dark  rufous,  above  finely  alutaceous,  scarcely  more  evidently  so  in 
female,  the  antennae  and  legs  somewhat  paler ;  pronotum  from 
three-fifths  to  seven-tenths  as  long  as  wide,  the  apex  about  two- 
thirds  as  wide  as  the  base,  the  apex  from  above  feebly  emarginate, 
the  front  angles  broadly  rounded,  the  side  margins  before  the  ob¬ 
tusely  rounded  hind  angles  slightly  divergent  and  broadly  evenly 
arcuate,  the  outer  and  inner  foveae  of  the  basal  impressions  well  im¬ 
pressed  and  sparsely  coarsely  punctate,  the  surface  between  the 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  83 


outer  fovea  and  the  side  margin  convex,  the  median  line  nearly 
entire;  elytral  striae  entire,  finely  impressed,  finely  punctulate,  the 
intervals  nearly  flat,  the  scutellar  stria  well  developed  and  without 
an  ocellate  puncture  at  its  base ;  below  impunctate ;  male  pro¬ 
sternum  with  a  flattened  area  of  fine  punctures  at  the  middle,  un¬ 
modified  in  female,  the  apex  of  the  prosternum  margined  and  with¬ 
out  setae ;  last  abdominal  sternite  with  two  anal  setae  on  either  side 
along  the  posterior  margin  in  both  sexes  ;  length  7-8  mm. 

Type  and  two  paratype  males  and  allotype  female:  Succor  Cr., 
Ida.  7-30-1926.  Collector  C.  Wakeland.  Distinguished  from  rec- 
tangula  LeC.  by  the  obtusely  rounded  hind  angles  and  the  more 
arcuate  side  margins  of  the  pronotum  and  from  remote  striata  Dej. 
by  the  absence  of  setae  from  the  apex  of  the  prosternum.  Named 
for  its  collector,  Dr.  Claude  Wakeland,  formerly  connected  with 
the  University  of  Idaho. 

Amara  (Zezea)  kincaidi  Minsk  and  Hatch. 

The  original  description  (Bull.  Brook.  Ent.  Soc.  XXXIV,  1939, 
pp.  217-218)  of  this  species  erroneously  reports  two  anal  setae  on 
either  side  along  the  posterior  margin  of  the  last  abdominal  ster¬ 
nite  in  both  sexes.  The  males  possess  only  one  such  seta,  the 
females  two. 


Axinopalpus  pratti,  sp.  n. 

Piceous  black,  shining,  finely  alutaceous,  the  antennae,  mouth- 
parts,  legs,  median  portions  of  the  sterna,  and  an  elytral  fascia  ex¬ 
tending  from  the  humerus  about  four-fifths  the  distance  to  the 
suture  and  about  one-third  the  distance  to  the  apex  testaceous,  the 
femora  clouded  with  piceous ;  pronotum  about  three-fourths  as  long 
as  wide,  the  base  and  apex  equal  in  width,  the  hind  angles  obtuse, 
minute,  the  sides  in  front  of  the  hind  angles  sinuate,  the  basal  mar¬ 
gin  just  within  each  hind  angle  arcuate  and  then  sinuately  continu¬ 
ous  with  the  subtruncate  basal  lobe,  the  median  line  evident  and 
connecting  evident  anterior  and  basal  transverse  impressions  ;  elytra 
with  striae  finely  evanescently  impressed,  the  third  interval  with 
two  dorsal  punctures  near  the  third  stria,  the  apices  evenly  sub¬ 
truncate,  the  sutural  and  outer  apical  angles  rounded  ;  length  3  mm. 

Type:  Coupeville,  Wash.,  Sunnyside,  June  29,  1944,  M.  H. 
Hatch.  Named  in  honor  of  Mr.  Robert  Y.  Pratt,  at  whose  home  I 
was  a  guest  when  the  type  was  secured.  Distinguished  from  illectus 
Csy.  by  its  blunt  pronotal  hind  angles. 


84  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  tKLlY 


Axinopalpus  denticulatus,  sp.  n. 

Piceous,  shining,  finely  alutaceous,  the  antennae,  mouthparts, 
tibiae,  tarsi,  most  of  the  ventral  surface  and  oblique  elytral  fasciae 
extending  from  the  humeri  about  half  way  to  the  apex  and  four- 
fifths  the  distance  to  the  suture  testaceous ;  pronotum  about  three- 
fourths  as  long  as  wide,  the  base  and  apex  about  equal  in  width, 
the  hind  angles  rectangular,  prominent,  the  sides  in  front  of  the 
hind  angles  sinuate,  the  basal  margin  just  within  each  hind  angle 
slightly  oblique  and  then  sinuately  continuous  with  the  subtruncate 
basal  lobe,  the  median  line  evident  and  connecting  the  evident  an¬ 
terior  and  basal  transverse  impressions ;  elytra  with  the  striae  al¬ 
most  completely  absent,  with  two  dorsal  punctures,  the  apices  each 
with  a  minute  acute  spine  just  laterad  to  the  sutural  angle,  the 
sutural  and  outer  apical  angle  rounded;  length  2.75  mm. 

Type:  Grand  Coulee,  Wash.,  Dry  Falls,  May  7,  1938,  M.  H. 
Hatch.  Distinguished  from  other  Nearctic  species  by  the  spinose 
elytral  apices. 


Axinopalpus  vittatus,  sp.  n. 

Rufous,  shining,  very  finely  alutaceous,  the  following  testaceous : 
mouthparts,  antennae,  legs,  most  of  the  ventral  surface,  hind  angles 
of  the  pronotum,  and  oblique  elytral  vitta  that  exends  from  the 
humerus  nearly  four-fifths  the  distance  to  the  apex  of  the  elytra 
and  about  about  four-fifths  of  the  distance  to  the  suture,  and  a  broad 
band  along  the  anterior  three-fourths  of  the  lateral  margin  of  the 
elytra ;  pronotum  about  three-fourths  as  long  as  wide,  the  base  and 
apex  equal  in  width,  the  hind  angles  subrectangular,  minute,  the 
side  margin  slightly  sinuate  in  front  of  the  hind  angles,  the  basal 
margin  within  the  angles  slightly  oblique  and  then  sinuately  con¬ 
tinuous  with  the  subtruncate  basal  lobe,  median  line  evident  and 
connecting  the  evident  anterior  and  basal  transverse  impressions ; 
elytra  with  the  striae  evanescent,  the  third  interval  with  two  fine 
dorsal  punctures  near  the  third  stria,  the  apices  evenly  subtruncate, 
the  sutural  and  outer  apical  angles  rounded ;  length  3  mm. 

Type:  Seattle,  Wash,  (from  the  collection  of  O.  B.  Johnson). 
This  species  is  most  closely  related  to  the  Californian  demissus  Csy., 
from  which  it  is  distinguished  by  its  paler  color  (which  may  be  due 
to  immaturity  in  the  type),  its  more  extensive  elytral  vittae,  and 
perhaps  by  its  less  prominent  posterior  pronotal  angles. 

Harpalus  (Epiharpalus)  affinis  Schrank  ( viridiaeneus  Beauv.). 

I  find  no  differences  between  American  and  European  specimens. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  85 


This  conclusion  is  based  on  a  comparison  of  specimens  from 
Austria,  Czechoslovakia,  Croatia,  Massachusetts,  Ontario,  Michi¬ 
gan,  and  Washington,  and  includes  a  comparison  of  male  genitalia. 
The  species  is  widely  distributed  throughout  the  Palaearctic  Region 
and  may  be  native  in  North  America,  whence  viridiaeneus  was 
described  in  1805.  According  to  Reitter  (Fauna  Germ.  Kafer  I, 
1908,  pp.  172-173)  and  Csiki  (Col.  Cat.  121,  1932,  pp.  1133-1135) 
the  typical  form  affinis  Schrank  (=  confusus  Dej.)  has  the  femora 
piceus,  with  the  ab.  viridulus  Fourceroy  (=  aenens  F.)  having  the 
legs  entirely  pale.  The  aberrational  name  semipunctatus  Dej.  is 
applicable  to  specimens  with  the  seta-bearing  punctures  extending 
over  the  inner  as  well  as  the  two  or  three  outer  elytral  intervals. 
Black  or  bluish  specimens  are  assigned  respectively  to  the  ab.  mclas 
D.  Torre  (=  nigrinus  Schilsky)  and  the  ab.  coerulescens  Schilsky, 
but  I  have  seen  neither  of  these  varieties  from  America.  Casey 
(Mem.  Col.  V,  1914,  pp.  74-75)  was  in  error  in  placing  this  species 
in  the  subj.  Harpaloplionns  Gangl. 

Harpalus  (Amblystus)  cascadiensis,  sp.  n. 

Black,  the  lateral  marginal  beading  of  the  pronotum  obscurely 
rufous,  the  extreme  bases  of  the  legs  and  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  pice- 
ous,  the  antennae  and  mouthparts  testacous,  dorsal  surface  shining 
and  finely  alutaceous  in  male,  opaque  and  more  coarsely  alutaceous 
especially  on  the  elytra  in  female ;  head  from  seven-tenths  to  three- 
fourths  or  more  as  wide  as  the  pronotum  ;  pronotum  transverse,  the 
apex  about  five-sevenths  as  wide  as  the  base,  the  sides  evenly 
broadly  arcuate,  the  hind  angles  narrowly  obtusely  rounded,  the 
sides  very  narrowly  deplanate  in  front,  behind  the  middle  some¬ 
what  more  widely  so,  with  a  single  marginal  seta  in  front  of  the 
middle,  the  surface  finely  punctulate,  coarsely  densely  punctate  at 
basal  fourth  and  along  marginal  gutter,  the  apical  and  basal  trans¬ 
verse  impressions  feeble,  the  basal  impressions  linear  and  rugose, 
the  surface  lateral  to  the  basal  impressions  convex,  the  median  im¬ 
pressed  line  fine  and  attaining  neither  anterior  nor  posterior  mar¬ 
gins  ;  elytra  with  striae  well  impressed,  entire,  impunctate,  the  in¬ 
tervals  nearly  flat  except  towards  apex,  the  third  interval  with  two 
impressed  dorsal  punctures  (rarely  one  or  three  on  one  side)  be¬ 
hind  middle  near  the  second  stria,  the  humeri  finely  dentate ;  men- 
tum  edentate ;  abdominal  sternites  four  and  five  without  accessory 
setae  in  addition  to  the  single  long  seta  on  either  side  of  middle ; 
pro-  and  mesotarsi  dilated  in  male,  narrow  in  female  ;  length  11-11 .5 
mm. 


86  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo XLIV 


Type  and  20  paratype  males,  allotype  and  1 1  paratype  females, 
Van  Horn  (Skagit  Co.),  Wash.  Apr.  26,  1930,  A.  D.  Horn.  A 
single  paratype  female:  S.  Gabriola  I.,  B.  C.  9-11-1908.  B.  R. 
Elliott.  This  species  runs  to  the  viduus-g roup  (=  subg.  Pheuginus 
Motsch.)  in  Casey’s  key  (Mem.  Col.  V,  1914,  p.  70)  from  which 
it  is  distinguished  by  its  two  dorsal  punctures.  The  densely  punc¬ 
tate  hind  angles  and  the  broadly  arcuate  side  margins  of  the  prono- 
tum  place  it  in  the  subgenus  Arnblystus  Motsch.  (cf.  Reitter,  Fauna 
Germ.  Kafer  I,  1908,  pp.  172,  174— 175).  Comparison  of  specimens 
of  cascadiensis  with  specimens  of  various  European  species  of  the 
subg.  Arnblystus  shows  it  to  have  a  general  facies  that  is  quite  con¬ 
gruent  with  a  position  in  that  subgenus.  The  two  dorsal  punctures 
of  cascadiensis  ally  it  with  quadripunctatus  Dej.,  which  is  distin¬ 
guished  by  its  slightly  smaller  size  and  usually  pale  legs. 

Harpalus  (Pheuginus)  atrichatus,  sp.  n. 

Dark  rufous,  shining,  scarcely  alutaceous,  the  elytra  coarsely 
alutaceous  in  female,  the  antennae,  the  mid-ventral  region,  and  the 
bases  of  the  legs  somewhat  paler ;  head  about  three-fourths  as  wide 
as  pronotum ;  pronotum  about  seven-tenths  as  long  as  broad,  the 
apex  about  three-fifths  as  wide  as  the  base,  the  sides  arcuate  in  front, 
oblique  in  front  of  the  obtusely  narrowly  rounded  hind  angles, 
not  at  all  explanate,  the  anterior  and  posterior  transverse  impres¬ 
sions  feeble  and  connected  by  the  finely  impressed  median  line, 
the  region  of  the  linear  basal  impressions  diffusely  variably  punc¬ 
tate  ;  elytra  with  striae  impressed,  entire,  impunctate,  the  intervals 
flat,  without  a  dorsal  puncture  (a  single  dorsal  puncture  present  on 
third  interval  near  second  stria  behind  middle  on  one  side  in  one 
of  the  six  specimens  seen),  the  humeri  finely  dentate,  the  apical 
sinus  feeble ;  abdominal  sternites  four  and  five  without  accessory 
setae  in  addition  to  the  single  long  seta  on  either  side  of  middle ; 
pro-  and  mesotarsi  dilated  in  male,  narrow  in  female ;  length 
8-9  mm. 

Type  and  paratype  male,  Ocean  Park  Wash.,  August  14,  1935. 
Allotype  female,  Friday  Harb.,  Wash.,  7/15  ’24.  Three  paratype 
males:  Bay  Center,  Easton,  and  Friday  Harbor,  Wash.  This 
species  runs  to  the  viduus-g  roup  (=  subg.  Pheuginus  Motsch.)  in 
Casey’s  key  (Mem.  Col.  V,  1914,  p.  70)  from  other  members  of 
which  it  is  distinguished  by  the  usual  absence  of  a  dorsal  punc¬ 
ture.  The  general  shape  and  structure  of  the  pronotum  is  likewise 
highly  characteristic. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  87 


Harpalus  (Lasioharpalus)  couleensis,  sp.  n. 

Black  or  dark  rufous,  the  ventral  surface  and  legs  somewhat 
paler,  the  antennae  testaceous,  the  margins  of  the  pronotum  and 
elytra  narrowly  translucentlv  paler ;  upper  surface  shining,  the 
elytra  finely  alutaceous,  more  finely  so  in  male ;  head  about  two- 
thirds  to  seven-tenths  as  wide  as  pronotum ;  pronotum  about  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  wide,  the  apex  about  four-fifths  as  wide  as  the 
base,  the  apex  in  dorsal  view  nearly  truncate,  the  side  margins 
arcuate  in  front,  nearly  oblique  and  feebly  convergent  before  the 
moderately  arcuate  hind  angles,  the  sides  with  a  narrow  marginal 
gutter  and  not  at  all  deplanate,  the  disc  punctulate,  sparsely  punc¬ 
tate  towards  the  hind  angles,  the  basal  impressions  feebly  im¬ 
pressed,  the  basal  margin  transverse,  the  hind  angles  not  more 
posterior  than  the  middle ;  elytra  with  the  striae  impressed,  evanes- 
cently  punctulate,  the  intervals  feebly  convex,  the  third  interval 
with  a  single  dorsal  puncture  behind  the  middle,  the  humeri  finely 
dentate,  the  sutural  angles  narrowly  rounded ;  mentum  dentate ; 
abdomen  with  sternites  four  and  five  with  accessary  setae  forming 
conspicuous  transverse  lateral  series  in  addition  to  scattered  setae 
more  anterio-medially  located ;  pro-  and  mesotarsi  wider  in  male 
than  in  female ;  metatarsi  with  basal  segment  much  shorter  than 
fifth ;  length  7-9  mm. 

Type  male,  allotype  and  three  paratype  females :  Upper  Grand 
Coulee,  May  2,  1937,  M.  H.  Hatch.  Eight  paratypes ;  Grand 
Coulee  (Dry  Falls),  Electric  City,  Deadman  Lake  (Adams  Co.), 
Neppel(Moses  Lake),  Kahlotus  Lake,  all  in  eastern  Washington. 
Placed  in  the  subgenus  Lasioharpalus  Reitt.  (=  fraternus- group 
of  Casey)  by  the  accessory  setae  on  sternites  four  and  five.  It  is 
related  to  albionicus  Mann,  and  obesulus  LeC.  From  these  it  is 
distinguished  by  its  sparsely  punctate  posterior  pronotal  angles, 
and  from  obesulus  by  it  more  broadly  rounded  posterior  angles. 
The  legs  and  ventral  surface  are  apparently  darker  than  in 
albionicus. 


Harpalus  subg.  Cordoharpalus,  subg.  n. 

Generitype:  Harpalus  cordifer  Notman  =  zva sh ington icns is  Van 
D.  Pronotum  with  the  sides  subparallel  and  then  distinctly  sinuate 
and  distinctly  widened  in  front  of  the  sharp  slightly  obtuse  hind 
angles,  not  flattened  latero-basally,  the  hind  angles  densely  punctate 
up  to  the  lateral  margin  ;  elytra  glabrous,  without  a  dorsal  puncture, 
the  apical  sinus  dentate  externally;  mentum  toothed;  tarsi  glabrous 
above ;  abdomen  with  sternites  four  and  five  without  setae  other 


88  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  r°l ■  XLir 


than  the  single  seta  on  either  side  of  the  middle.  Distinguished 
from  other  subgenera  of  Harpalus  by  its  posteriorly  sinuately  nar¬ 
rowed  pronotum. 

Casey  (Mem.  Col.  XI,  1924,  p.  94)  assigned  H.  cordifer  to  Opa- 
dius  Csy.,  from  which  I  distinguish  it  by  the  absence  of  serial  punc¬ 
tures  towards  the  apex  of  elytral  intervals  3-5-7. 

Anadaptus  idahoensis,  sp.  n. 

Piceous  black,  shining,  the  basal  antennal  segment  paler,  the 
upper  surface  aeneous  or  viridaeneous ;  head  above  set  with  coarse 
setigerous  punctures ;  pronotum  nearly  three-fourths  as  long  as 
wide,  the  apex  nearly  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  base,  the  sides 
very  narrowly  reflexed,  slightly  more  widely  so  towards  hind  angles, 
the  hind  angles  narrowly  rounded,  in  front  of  which  the  sides  are 
oblique,  the  disc  punctulate,  the  surface  with  coarse  setigerous  punc¬ 
tures  towards  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins  especially  in  the 
anterior  and  posterior  transverse  impressions  and  in  the  moder¬ 
ately  deep  linear  basal  impressions,  between  the  basal  impressions 
and  the  side  margin  the  surface  is  moderately  convex ;  elytra  shin¬ 
ing  and  finely  alutaceous  in  male,  more  opaquely  alutaceous  in 
female ;  intervals  two,  four,  six,  and  eight  densely  set  with  setiger¬ 
ous  punctures ;  intervals  one,  three,  five,  and  seven  convex,  their 
axial  portions  more  sparsely  set  with  setigerous  punctures  in  female, 
the  punctures  on  these  intervals  in  the  male  confined  to  the  margins 
of  the  intervals  except  towards  the  apex  ;  elytral  apex  strongly  sinu¬ 
ate  ;  thorax  and  abdomen  below  setulose,  the  thoracic  side-pieces 
and  the  sides  of  the  basal  abdominal  segments  glabrous ;  length 
8.5-10.5  mm. 

Type  male  and  allotype  female:  Sand  Point,  Id.  June  20,  1937, 
Hortense  Lanphere.  Three  paratype  females  Sand  Point  and  Mos¬ 
cow,  Id.  Distinguished  from  porosus  Mots,  by  its  more  densely 
punctate  first,  third,  fifth,  and  seventh  elytral  intervals,  the  nar¬ 
rowly  rounded  posterior  pronotal  angles  (subrectangular  in  poro¬ 
sus)  in  front  of  which  the  side  margin  is  oblique  (vaguely  sinuate 
in  porosus),  the  reflexed  pronotal  margins  wider  towards  the  hind 
angles  (not  widened  in  porosus). 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  89 


A  DESCRIPTIVE  STUDY  OF  THE  LIFE  HISTORY 
STAGES  OF  THE  DOG  BITING  LOUSE,  TRICHO- 
DECTES  CANIS  (DEGEER)  (MALLOPHAGA: 

TRICHODECTIDAE). 

By  Maxwell  M.  Crystal,  Bronx,  New  York. 

Introduction. 

The  characteristics  of  nymphal  instars  of  the  dog  biting  louse, 
Trichodectes  canis  (DeGeer),  are  not  as  well  known  as  are  those 
of  the  adults.  A  brief  survey  of  the  literature  has  revealed  very 
few  studies  of  immature  forms  of  Mallophaga.  In  this  paper  a 
study  has  been  made  of  the  morphological  characteristics  of  the 
life  history  stages  of  the  dog  biting  louse :  the  egg,  three  nymphal 
instars,  and  adult. 

T.  canis  is  found  in  the  United  States,  Europe  and  Australia  as 
an  ectoparasite  on  the  dog  Canis  familiaris  (Linn.).  McGregor 
(1917)  describes  what  he  believed  to  be  a  second  species  of  biting 
louse,  T.  floridanus,  found  on  the  dog  in  the  United  States.  Ew¬ 
ing  (1936)  reports  that  he  has  found  some  specimens  from  the 
dog  which  are  intermediate  in  morphology  between  T.  canis  and 
T.  floridanus,  albeit  nearer  the  former.  The  specimens  studied  in 
connection  with  this  problem  seem  to  occupy  such  a  median  position. 
It  is  suggested  that  the  species  T.  canis  and  T.  floridanus  may  be 
but  morphological  variations  of  the  same  species.  However,  dem¬ 
onstration  of  this  statement  remains  to  be  presented. 

Preserved  biting  lice  originally  removed  from  a  dog  in  1934  in 
Columbus,  Ohio  were  bleached,  dehydrated,  cleared  and  then 
mounted  in  Clarite  for  study.  The  instars  were  distinguished  on 
the  basis  of  head  capsule  width  measurements  after  the  principle 
of  Dyar  (1890)  and  morphological  characteristics.  It  was  found 
found  that  the  common  ratio  for  the  progression  of  head  capsule 
width  measurements  of  the  dog  biting  louse  was  about  1.25.  All 
descriptions  were  rechecked  from  material  acquired  from  a  dog 
in  Columbus,  Ohio  (1948). 

Descriptions  of  the  Life  History  Stages. 

Egg. 

The  egg  (Fig.  7)  is  elongate  and  broadly  oval  and  it  is  twice  as 
long  as  it  is  wide.  At  the  attached  end  it  is  somewhat  truncated. 
Except  for  the  lid  the  shell  surface  is  smooth.  The  egg  is  fastened 
to  a  hair  at  its  basal  end  by  a  cement  substance  along  a  straight 


90  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Fob  XLIV 


inner  surface  equal  to  from  one-third  to  one-half  the  total  length. 
The  opposite  end,  from  which  the  embryo  emerges,  is  furnished 
with  a  circular  cap,  the  operculum.  This  lid  bears  the  micropylar 
apparatus  which  consists  of  a  number  of  papillae  arising  from  the 
peak  of  the  operculum.  The  papillae  are  inclined  towards  the  cen¬ 
ter  and  each  is  narrower  at  its  base  than  it  is  distally.  A  number 
of  transverse  folds  are  present  on  each  papilla.  The  spaces  be¬ 
tween  adjacent  papillae  are  invested  with  chorion. 

The  average  length  of  the  egg  was  0.83  mm.  and  the  average 
width  at  the  widest  part  was  0.42  mm. 

First  Nymphal  Instar. 

The  head  of  the  first  instar  nymph  (Fig.  8)  is  slightly  wider 
than  it  is  long  and  the  anterior  margin  is  semicircular  with  a  tend¬ 
ency  toward  being  truncated  anteriorly  rather  than  indented.  In 
front  of  each  antenna  the  anterior  margin  is  produced  into  promi¬ 
nent  trabecula-like  processes  (Fig.  4).  The  antennal  sinuses  are 
distinct  but  not  deep.  Behind  the  bases  of  the  antennae  are  the 
distinct  ocular  projections.  Immediately  behind  the  eyes,  the  tem¬ 
poral  margins  commence  to  converge  and  meet  the  occipital  mar¬ 
gin  with  an  obtuse  curvature.  The  occipital  margin  is  but  slightly 
convex  for  the  entire  width  of  the  prothorax.  The  anterior  mar¬ 
gin  is  furnished  with  several  hairs.  A  short  hair  is  present  at  the 
base  of  each  trabecula  just  over  which  a  longer  hair  arises.  One 
short  hair  arises  just  mesad  of  each  eye  and  one  behind  this.  Sev¬ 
eral  short  hairs  are  present  along  the  posterior  margin  with  one 
long  hair  arising  near  the  temporal  angle. 

The  basal  segment  of  the  antenna  (Fig.  1)  is  but  slightly  wider 
than  either  of  the  remaining  two  segments.  The  third  segment  is 
nearly  equal  in  length  to  the  other  two  combined.  There  are  two 
small  circular  sensoria  close  together  on  the  ventral  surface  of  the 
third  segment. 

The  thorax  is  slightly  narrower  than  the  head  and  more  than 
twice  as  wide  as  it  is  long.  The  prothorax  is  broad,  with  the  med¬ 
ian  portion  of  the  hind  margin  slightly  concave.  A  pair  of  pro¬ 
truding  spiracles  are  borne,  one  along  each  obliquely  rounded 
lateral  margin.  There  is  a  long  bristle  on  each  side  of  the  pronotum 
near  the  hind  margin  midway  between  a  median  line  and  the  lateral 
border.  The  sides  of  the  pterothorax  ( the  united  mesothorax  and 
metathorax)  converge  posteriorly  and  the  posterior  margin  is 
shallowly  concave.  There  is  one  short  bristle  at  each  anterior 
lateral  angle.  Mesad  of  each  lateral  border  a  long  bristle  arises. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  91 


A  median  pair  of  short  bristles  is  located  along  the  posterior  mar¬ 
gin. 

The  first  pair  of  legs  is  shorter  than  the  other  two  pairs.  The 
fore  coxae  lie  close  to  one  another  in  the  center.  The  tibiae  of 
the  second  and  third  pairs  of  legs  are  longer  than  those  of  the  first 
pair.  All  tarsi  are  two-segmented.  The  claws  of  the  prothoracic 
legs  are  stout  while  the  claws  of  the  other  legs  are  long  and  slender. 
In  addition  to  several  short  bristles  on  each  leg  segment,  the  tibiae 
are  furnished  with  apical  spurs. 

The  abdomen  is  widely  oval  in  outline.  The  terminal  segment 
is  deeply  emarginate  medially.  Two  transverse  rows  of  hairs  are 
present  medially  on  the  first  segment  which  is  longer  than  the  suc¬ 
ceeding  segments.  The  anterior  row  consists  of  two  hairs  and 
the  posterior  row  of  about  six  hairs.  A  bristle  arises  from  each 
posterior  lateral  angle  and  anterior  to  this  another  bristle  arises. 
The  second  to  the  sixth  segments  (inclusive)  are  each  furnished 
with  a  transverse  row  of  about  six  hairs  with  the  median  pair  of 
hairs  long.  The  hairs  are  arranged  one  behind  the  other  to  form 
four  distinct  longitudinal  columns.  A  long  bristle  arises  from  each 
posterior  lateral  angle  of  these  segments.  On  segment  VI 1  a  pair 
of  long  hairs  originates,  one  from  each  posterior  lateral  angle. 
On  either  side  of  the  emargination  of  the  terminal  segment  about 
two  short  hairs  arise. 

The  average  total  length  of  the  first  nymphal  instar  was  0.76  mm. 
The  average  length  of  the  head  was  0.26  mm. ;  the  thorax,  0.1 1  mm. ; 
the  abdomen,  0.39  mm.  The  average  width  at  the  widest  part  of 
the  head  was  0.32  mm. ;  the  thorax,  0.30  mm. ;  the  abdomen,  0.42 
mm. 

Second  Nymphal  Instar. 

In  the  second  nymphal  instar  (Fig.  9)  a  small  median  portion  of 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  head  exhibits  a  very  slight  emargination. 
The  antennal  sinuses  are  somewhat  deeper  and  the  ocular  pro¬ 
jections  are  prominent  (Fig.  5).  A  somewhat  similar  distribution 
of  the  marginal  hairs  on  the  head  in  this  instar  is  evident  as  com¬ 
pared  with  instar  I.  The  antennae  (Fig.  2)  are  similar  to  those 
of  the  first  instar. 

The  thorax  is  narrower  than  the  head  at  the  cervical  joint  and 
it  is  about  three  times  as  wide  as  it  is  long.  An  additional  bristle 
has  appeared  on  the  pronotum  mesad  of  each  spiracle.  Along  the 
lateral  border  of  the  pterothorax  four  to  five  bristles  are  present. 
A  transverse  row  of  four  bristles  arises  from  the  dorsum  near  the 
hind  margin. 


92  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIY 


The  abdominal  segmentation  remains  unchanged.  Each  of  the 
abdominal  segments  II  to  VII  (inclusive)  now  bears  a  pair  of 
spiracles,  one  near  each  lateral  ventral  border.  The  number  of 
bristles  on  the  abdominal  tergites  have  increased.  Segment  I 
bears  two  transverse  rows  of  hairs.  An  anterior  median  series 
consists  of  two  to  four  hairs.  A  posterior  series  of  about  four¬ 
teen  hairs  is  distributed  in  a  median  group  of  four  to  six  hairs 
and  two  lateral  groups  of  five  to  six  bristles  each.  Along  each 
lateral  border  is  present  a  bristle  anterior  to  the  one  arising  from 
the  posterior  lateral  angle.  The  chaetotaxy  of  segments  II  to  V 
(inclusive)  is  similar  to  the  hind  series  of  hairs  on  segment  I. 
Segment  VI  bears  a  transverse  row  of  about  eight  bristles  divided 
into  two  groups  of  four  hairs  each.  Only  two  hairs  make  up  the 
lateral  groups  of  segment  VII.  The  terminal  segment  bears  a 
transverse  series  of  four  short  bristles.  An  over-all  view  of  the 
dorsal  abdominal  chaetotaxy  shows  the  arrangement  of  hairs  in 
two  lateral  longitudinal  columns  and  one  median  column. 

The  average  total  length  of  the  second  nymphal  instar  was  1.09 
mm.  The  average  length  of  the  head  was  0.31  mm.;  the  thorax, 
0.14  mm.;  the  abdomen,  0.64  mm.  The  average  width  at  the 
widest  part  of  the  head  was  0.41  mm.;  the  thorax,  0.42  mm.;  the 
abdomen,  0.63  mm. 


Third  Nymphal  Instar. 

The  nymph  of  the  third  stadium  (Fig.  10)  presents  a  basal  an¬ 
tennal  segment  as  wide  as  it  is  long  (Fig.  3).  The  length  and 
width  of  the  second  antennal  segment  are  also  equal  but  this  seg¬ 
ment  is  smaller  in  size  than  the  first  segment.  Antennal  segments 
1  and  2  combined  are  one-quarter  again  as  long  as  the  third  seg¬ 
ment.  Several  hairs  are  present  dorsally  on  the  head  (Fig.  6)  as 
well  as  marginally. 

The  hind  border  of  the  pterothorax  is  now  margined  by  a  trans¬ 
verse  row  of  about  six  bristles. 

Additional  bristles  on  the  abdomen  are  present  as  follows :  Seg¬ 
ment  I  bears  an  anterior  transverse  row  of  about  six  bristles. 
Behind  this  arises  a  transverse  row  of  about  eight  median  bristles 
and  a  group  of  three  bristles  on  each  side  of  these.  Each  lateral 
border  is  furnished  with  a  cluster  of  about  ten  bristles  distributed 
in  four  ill-defined  transverse  rows.  Segments  II  to  VI  (inclusive) 
each  bear  a  transverse  row  of  six  to  eight  median  bristles  with  a 
group  of  three  bristles  on  either  side  of  this  median  group.  The 
number  of  lateral  bristles  on  nymphs  of  the  third  stadium  are  not 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  93 


Fig.  1.  Antenna,  first  nymphal  instar,  dorsal  aspect.  Fig.  2. 
Antenna,  second  nymphal  instar,  dorsal  aspect.  Fig.  3.  Antenna, 
third  nymphal  instar,  dorsal  aspect.  Fig.  4.  Right  half  of  head, 
antenna  removed,  first  nymphal  instar,  dorsal  aspect.  Fig.  5. 
Right  half  of  head,  antenna  removed,  second  nymphal  instar,  dor¬ 
sal  aspect.  Fig.  6.  Right  half  of  head,  antenna  removed,  third 
nymphal  instar,  dorsal  aspect.  Fig.  7.  Egg.  Fig.  8.  First  nym¬ 
phal  instar,  dorsal  aspect.  Fig.  9.  Second  nymphal  instar,  dorsal 
aspect.  Fig.  10.  Third  nymphal  instar,  dorsal  aspect. 


94  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLIV 


constant  from  segment  to  segment.  As  many  as  five  setae  are 
present  laterally  on  segment  II  and  the  number  found  on  the  suc¬ 
ceeding  segments  of  the  abdomen  decreases  consecutively  until  seg¬ 
ment  VI  from  which  only  one  or  two  lateral  bristles  arise.  Four 
bristles  are  present  on  segment  VII,  two  at  each  lateral  posterior 
corner.  Two  pairs  of  very  short  bristles  are  present  on  the  ter¬ 
minal  segment. 

The  average  total  length  of  the  third  nymphal  instar  was  1.35 
mm.  The  average  length  of  the  head  was  0.36  mm. ;  the  thorax, 
0.15  mm. ;  the  abdomen,  0.84  mm.  The  average  width  at  the 
widest  part  of  the  head  was  0.52  mm.,  the  thorax,  0.45  mm. ; 
the  abdomen,  0.81  mm. 


Adult. 

The  female  (Fig.  17)  is  larger  than  the  male  (Fig.  16).  The 
head  of  both  the  male  (Fig.  11)  and  the  female  (Fig.  12)  is  one 
and  one-third  times  as  wide  as  it  is  long.  The  median  portion  of 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  head  is  but  slightly  emarginate.  In  the 
female  the  ocular  projections  are  more  prominent  than  they  are 
in  the  male.  Several  hairs  are  present  dorsally  and  along  the  an¬ 
terior,  temporal  and  occipital  margins. 

From  deep  antennal  sinuses  arise  the  antennae,  different  in  the 
two  sexes.  In  the  female  the  antennal  segments,  in  order  of  de¬ 
creasing  length,  are  3,  1  and  2  (Fig.  14).  The  second  and  ter¬ 
minal  segments  are  of  about  equal  diameter  but  the  basal  segment 
is  one-quarter  again  as  wide  as  either  of  the  other  segments.  The 
segments  are  joined  one  to  another  in  a  more  or  less  straight  line. 

In  the  male  the  antennae  (Fig.  13)  are  longer  than  in  the  female. 
The  basal  antennal  segment  is  more  than  two  and  one-half  times 
wider  than  either  of  the  other  two  segments.  The  second  segment 
is  but  slightly  wider  than  the  third  segment.  The  basal  segment 
is  almost  twice  as  long  as  the  second  segment.  Intermediate  in  length 
between  the  first  and  second  segments  is  the  third  segment.  The 
third  segment  terminates  in  a  couple  of  heavy,  broad  and  short 
spurs  borne  on  the  inner  surface.  Just  basal  to  the  spurs  is  a 
toothlike  projection.  Another  projection  arises  between  antennal 
segments  2  and  3.  Whereas  in  the  female  the  antennae  were 
straight,  in  the  male  the  antennae  curve  backward  and  inward. 

The  concave  hind  border  of  the  male  pterothorax  bears  about 
four  bristles  while  in  the  female  eight  may  be  present. 

The  outline  of  the  terminal  eighth  segment  is  different  in  the 
two  sexes.  The  gonopods  of  the  female  project  beyond  the  end 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  95 


Fig.  11.  Right  half  of  head,  antenna  removed,  male,  dorsal  as¬ 
pect.  Fig.  12.  Right  half  of  head,  antenna  removed,  female,  dor¬ 
sal  aspect.  Fig.  13.  Antenna,  male,  dorsal  aspect.  Fig.  14.  An¬ 
tenna,  female,  dorsal  aspect.  Fig.  15.  Terminal  abdominal  seg¬ 
ments,  female,  ventral  aspect.  Fig.  16.  Adult,  male,  dorsal  as¬ 
pect.  Fig.  17.  Adult,  female,  dorsal  aspect. 


96  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIV 


of  the  abdomen  on  either  side  of  a  deep  median  emargination. 
They  cover  the  sternal  surface  and  lie  transversely  across  the  end 
of  the  abdomen  (Fig.  15).  The  male  abdomen  tapers  to  the  anal 
extremity  at  which  point  the  copulatory  perputial  sac  is  extruded. 
The  suture  joining  segments  VII  and  VIII  is  apparently  absent 
in  the  adult  male. 

The  dorsal  chaetotaxy  of  the  two  sexes  differ  in  that  more  hairs 
are  present  on  the  female  abdomen.  The  first  segment  of  the  female 
abdomen  is  furnished  with  a  transverse  series  of  about  ten  bristles 
at  its  anterior  margin  medially.  Along  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  same  segment  a  similar  median  group  of  hairs  arises  on  each 
side  of  which  there  are  about  four  more  hairs.  As  many  as  ten 
hairs  may  be  found  along  the  lateral  margins.  Segments  II  to  VI 
(inclusive)  each  bear  a  transverse  row  of  about  twenty-four  to 
thirty-six  hairs.  Segment  VII  bears  about  ten  hairs.  Arising 
from  the  terminal  segment  are  a  central  cluster  of  four  dorsal  bris¬ 
tles  and  a  transverse  series  of  four  bristles. 

A  characteristic  of  the  male  abdominal  setae  is  the  separation  of 
the  median  group  of  hairs  on  each  of  the  first  three  or  four  seg¬ 
ments  into  two  groups.  An  anterior  series  of  about  seven  hairs  is 
is  present  on  segment  I  behind  which  a  similar  group  arises.  On 
each  side  of  the  posterior  group  are  four  bristles.  Along  the  lateral 
borders  are  clusters  of  ten  to  sixteen  hairs.  Segments  II  to  VI 
(inclusive)  bear  transverse  series  of  about  sixteen  to  twenty-four 
dorsal  bristles  with  about  six  bristles  present  on  segment  VII.  The 
terminal  segment  bears  a  terminal  cluster  of  several  hairs  and  a 
transverse  series  of  four  hairs. 

The  average  total  length  of  the  male  was  1.50  mm.;  the  female, 
1.68  mm.  In  the  male,  the  average  length  of  the  head  was  0.42 
mm.;  the  thorax,  0.16  mm.;  the  abdomen,  0.92  mm.;  the  average 
width  at  the  widest  part  of  the  head  was  0.58  mm. ;  the  thorax,  0.49 
mm. ;  the  abdomen,  0.86  mm.  In  the  female,  the  average  length 
of  the  head  was  0.46  mm.;  the  thorax,  0.16  mm.;  the  abdomen, 
1 .06  mm. ;  the  average  width  at  the  widest  part  of  the  head  was 
0.63  mm;  the  thorax,  0.55  mm. ;  the  abdomen,  1.00  mm. 

Summary  and  Discussion. 

In  a  study  of  the  life  history  stages  of  the  dog  biting  louse, 
Trichodectes  canis  (DeGeer),  the  following  occurrences  are  recog¬ 
nized  : 

1.  The  abdomen  of  all  immature  instars  of  the  louse  and  of  the 
adult  female  is  eight-segmented  while  the  adult  male  abdomen  is 
seven-segmented.  However,  the  first  segment  is  twice  as  long  as 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  97 


any  of  the  remaining  segments.  In  addition,  the  first  abdominal 
segment  bears  two  transverse  rows  of  dorsal  bristles  whereas  the 
other  segments  bear  only  one  transverse  row.  Therefore,  the  ap¬ 
parent  first  abdominal  segment  is  the  true  first  and  second  abdom¬ 
inal  segments  which  have  fused  prior  to  hatching.  In  the  male, 
the  apparent  seventh  segment  is  the  true  eighth  and  ninth  segments, 
fusion  of  the  apparent  seventh  and  eighth  segments  taking  place 
in  the  third  molt. 

2.  On  eclosion  from  the  egg  the  nymph  has  a  single  pair  of  spir¬ 
acles  which  is  located  on  the  prothorax.  The  appearance  of  a 
pair  of  spiracles  on  each  of  the  abdominal  segments  II  to  VII 
(inclusive)  occurs  in  the  first  molt. 

3.  There  is  an  increase  in  the  number  of  bristles  on  each  instar 
after  molting.  This  is  especially  true  of  the  hairs  on  the  abdomen. 
Each  median  transverse  row  of  hairs  on  the  abdominal  tergites  is 
continuous  in  all  instars  except  in  the  adult  male  where  the  first 
three  or  four  rows  are  separated  into  two  groups. 

4.  The  sex  of  immature  instars  of  the  louse  is  not  distinguishable 
on  the  basis  of  external  secondary  sexual  characteristics.  The  male 
and  female  copulatory  apparatus  are  acquired  in  the  final  molt.  At 
this  same  ecdysis,  while  the  female  antennae  remain  relatively 
unaltered,  the  male  antennae  undergo  two  important  changes. 
First,  the  basal  antennal  segment  swells  greatly  in  size.  Secondly, 
the  terminal  antennal  segment  acquires  a  pair  of  distal  spurs  plus 
two  cuticular  denticles.  These  morphological  modifications  prob¬ 
ably  enable  the  male  to  grasp  the  female  during  copulation. 

Acknowledgement. 

This  paper  is  from  a  thesis  presented  to  the  Graduate  School  of 
the  Ohio  State  University  in  partial  fulfillment  of  the  requirements 
for  the  degree  of  Master  of  Science.  The  writer  is  indebted  to 
Dr.  Carl  E.  Venard  who  furnished  the  material  for  this  study  and 
otherwise  offered  helpful  suggestions  and  advice  during  his  super¬ 
vision  of  the  preparation  of  the  thesis. 

Literature  Cited. 

Dyar,  H.  G.,  1890.  The  Number  of  Molts  of  Lepidopterous 
Larvae.  Psyche  5  :  420-422. 

Ewing,  H.  E.,  1936.  The  Taxonomy  of  the  Mallophagan  Family 
Trichodectidae,  with  Special  Reference  to  the  New  World 
Fauna.  Jour,  of  Paras.  22:223-246 
McGregor,  E.  A.  1917.  Six  New  Species  of  Mallophaga  from 
North  American  Mammals.  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  10:  1(>7- 
178. 


98  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLIV 


NEW  OR  INSUFFICIENTLY-KNOWN  CRANE-FLIES 
FROM  THE  NEARCTIC  REGION  (DIPTERA, 
TIPULIDAE).  PART  X.1 

By  Chari.es  P.  Alexander,  Amherst,  Mass. 

The  preceding  part  under  this  title  was  published  in  1949  (Bull. 
Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  44:  15-20).  At  this  time  I  am  describing  a 
series  of  species  that  were  taken  in  Arizona  by  Mr.  Floyd  Werner, 
to  whom  1  am  indebted  for  materials  from  the  Philippines,  Mexico 
and  the  southwestern  United  States.  The  types  of  the  species  are 
preserved  in  my  personal  collection. 

Nephrotoma  navajo  n.  sp. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  yellow,  with  three  black  stripes,  the 
lateral  pair  slightly  outcurved  ;  mediotergite  chiefly  black  ;  antennae 
black,  the  scape  a  trifle  paler ;  occipital  brand  elongate  diamond¬ 
shaped  ;  wings  with  a  weak  brownish  tinge,  the  stigma  pale  brown ; 
abdomen  yellow,  the  tergites  trivittate  with  brown,  the  median 
stripe  nearly  continuous ;  male  hypopygium  with  the  lateral  tergal 
lobes  broadly  rounded;  inner  dististyle  with  beak  compressed,  dor¬ 
sal  crest  low,  elongate,  lower  beak  terminating  in  a  strong  black¬ 
ened  spine ;  eighth  sternite  with  caudal  margin  suhtruncate,  with 
sparse  setae  on  the  sublateral  portions. 

Male.- — Length  about  9.5-11.5  mm.;  wing  10-11  mm.;  antenna 
about  3-3.5  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  yellow,  darkened  above,  including 
nasus,  in  cases  only  the  outer  end  of  prolongation  darkened ;  palpi 
brownish  black.  Antennae  black,  the  scape  a  trifle  paler ;  flagellar 
segments  moderately  incised.  Head  light  yellow  on  front  and 
beneath,  deep  orange  on  vertex ;  a  small  brown  spot  on  either  side 
of  vertical  tubercle  adjoining  the  eye ;  occipital  brand  elongate  dia¬ 
mond  shaped,  sharp-pointed  in  front,  in  cases  reaching  the  weak 
notch  of  the  vertical  tubercle. 

Pronotum  light  yellow  medially,  infuscated  on  sides.  Mesontum 
polished  yellow,  the  praescutum  with  three  black  stripes,  the  anterior 
ends  of  the  lateral  pair  slightly  outcurved,  ending  in  a  vague  more 
opaque  spot ;  lateral  end  of  suture  and  a  linear  mark  cephalad 
of  this  on  the  praescutal  margin  opaque  black ;  scutum  yellow,  each 
lobe  with  two  confluent  polished  black  areas ;  scutellum  testaceous 

Contribution  from  the  Department  of  Entomology,  Lhiiversity 
of  Massachusetts. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  99 


yellow,  with  an  ill-defined  central  darkening ;  mediotergite  chiefly 
black,  the  broad  lateral  margins  light  yellow  except  behind.  Pleura 
light  yellow  variegated  with  dark  reddish  brown  areas  on  the  ven¬ 
tral  sternopleurite,  anepisterum,  meron  and  pleurotergite,  and  again 
on  the  posterior  margin  of  the  mesepisternum.  Halteres  dark 
brown,  the  stem  obscure  yellow  at  base.  Legs  with  the  fore  coxae 
darkened  on  basal  half,  the  middle  pair  on  extreme  base  only,  the 
remainder  of  coxae  weakly  pruinose ;  trochanters  yellow ;  femora 
obscure  yellow,  the  tips  narrowly  but  conspicuously  blackened ; 
tibiae  brownish  yellow,  the  tips  more  extensively  blackened ;  tarsi 
black;  claws  (male)  toothed.  Wings  with  a  weak  brownish  tinge, 
the  prearcular  and  costal  fields  more  yellowish  brown ;  stigma  pale 
brown  ;  veins  brownish  black,  those  of  the  costal  field  paler.  Vena¬ 
tion  :  Cell  M1  narrowly  sessile ;  m-cu  a  distance  before  fork  of  M 
about  equal  to  vein  MI+2+s  or  less. 

Abdomen  yellow,  the  tergites  trivittate  with  brown,  the  median 
stripe  nearly  continuous,  narrowly  broken  at  the  posterior  margin 
of  segment,  lateral  stripes  broken  into  spots ;  sternites  and  hypopy- 
gium  yellow.  Caudal  margin  of  ninth  tergite  of  male  hypopygium 
with  a  deep  and  narrow  notch,  the  lateral  lobes  broadly  rounded, 
the  blackened  spines  relatively  sparse  and  chiefly  marginal ;  a  small 
outer  lobule  that  bears  six  or  more  similar  spines.  Outer  dististyle 
of  moderate  length,  narrowed  gradually  to  the  subacute  tip.  Inner 
dististyle  with  the  beak  compressed,  darkened ;  dorsal  crest  low 
but  elongate,  glabrous ;  lower  beak  terminating  in  a  strong  black¬ 
ened  spine ;  posterior  crest  with  a  small  reddish  brown  spine. 
Eighth  sternite  extensive,  the  caudal  margin  subtruncate  or  with 
the  membranous  median  portion  a  trifle  more  produced ;  sublateral 
setae  yellow,  relatively  sparse,  forming  weak  brushes. 

Habitat:  Arizona  (Apache  County). 

Holotype:  <£,  McNary,  White  Mountains,  altitude  7400  feet, 
July  22,  1948  (Werner).  Paratopotypes,  4  <£<$. 

This  fly  most  resembles  species  such  as  Nephrotoma  excelsior 
(Bergroth),  of  mountainous  British  Columbia;  N.  snowi  (Doane), 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains;  and  N.  vittula  (Loew),  of  subarctic 
North  America.  It  differs  from  all  in  the  details  of  coloration, 
including  the  body,  antennae,  and  wings,  and  in  the  hypopygial 
characters  of  those  species  where  the  male  sex  is  known.  The 
hypopygium  of  excelsior  has  not  been  described. 

Nephrotoma  perincisa  n.  sp. 

Mesonotum  polished  light  yellow,  the  praescutum  with  three 


100  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  ^ol.  xliv 


reddish  brown  stripes  that  are  more  or  less  bordered  by  blackish ; 
lateral  praescutal  stripes  black,  without  an  opaque  spot  at  anterior 
end  ;  antennal  scape  yellow,  most  of  the  flagellum  black ;  occipital 
brand  relatively  broad,  diamond-shaped,  pointed  at  both  ends ; 
wings  subhyaline  to  weakly  tinted ;  stigma  medium  brown ;  male 
hypopygium  with  the  caudal  margin  of  tergite  deeply  incised,  lateral 
lobes  triangular,  pointed  at  tips,  with  blackened  spicules ;  inner 
dististyle  without  spinous  points  on  disk  or  posterior  border ;  each 
gonapophysis  produced  into  two  slender  spines ;  apex  of  eighth 
sternite  unequally  trilobed,  the  median  lobe  long  and  slender,  with 
sparse  setae. 

Male. — Length  about  11-12  mm.;  wing  12-13  mm.;  antenna 
about  4. 3^4.5  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  yellow,  more  reddened  above; 
nasus  elongate  ;  palpi  yellow.  Antennae  with  scape  yellow  ;  pedicel 
and  base  of  first  flagellar  segment  light  brown,  the  remainder  of 
organ  black ;  flagellar  segments  moderately  incised,  longer  than 
the  verticils.  Front  light  yellow,  remainder  of  head  orange;  oc¬ 
cipital  brand  diamond-shaped,  relatively  broad,  pointed  at  both 
ends ;  vertical  tubercle  entire,  rounded. 

Pronotum  light  yellow  above,  more  reddened  on  sides.  Mes- 
onotum  polished  light  yellow,  the  praescutum  with  three  reddish 
brown  stripes  that  are  more  or  less  bordered  by  blackish,  in  the 
type  much  paler  than  in  the  paratypes ;  lateral  praescutal  stripes 
straight,  without  an  opaque  spot  at  anterior  end;  scutum  yellow, 
each  lobe  patterned  with  reddish  areas  that  are  margined  with 
black,  the  mark  continued  laterad  along  the  suture  and  for  a  short 
distance  caudad  along  the  outer  margin  of  lobe ;  median  area  of 
scutum  with  a  narrow  dark  line ;  scutellum  dark  reddish  brown, 
parascutella  somewhat  paler,  in  cases  yellow ;  mediotergite  with  its 
central  portion  reddish  brown,  the  lateral  borders  broadly  yellow ; 
pleurotergite  reddish,  the  swollen  portion  more  yellowed.  Pleura 
yellow,  variegated  on  ventral  sternopleurite  and  anepisternum 
with  pale  reddish  areas,  the  mesepimeron  and  meron  uniformly 
pale.  Flalteres  with  stem  obscure  yellow,  knob  infuscated.  Legs 
with  the  coxae  whitish  pruinose ;  trochanters  yellow ;  remainder 
of  legs  brownish  yellow,  the  tarsi  blackened;  claws  (male)  toothed. 
Wings  subhyaline  to  weakly  tinted,  cell  Sc  brownish  yellow  ;  stigma 
medium  brown ;  veins  brown.  Sparse  macrotrichia  in  centers  of 
outer  parts  of  cells  Rj  and  Rs;  stigmal  trichia  numerous. 
Venation:  Sc.2  ending  a  short  distance  beyond  the  origin  of  Rs; 
cell  M ,  short-petiolate ;  m-cu  on  M  a  short  distance  before  the  fork. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  101 


Abdomen  chiefly  yellow ;  tergites  with  a  broken  brown  central 
stripe,  interrupted  at  the  incisures,  including  the  basal  ring  of  the 
segment,  on  the  outer  segments  a  little  more  expanded ;  tergites 
eight  and  nine,  and  all  sternites,  yellow.  Male  hypopygium  with 
the  caudal  margin  of  the  ninth  tergite  deeply  incised,  the  lateral 
lobes  triangular,  pointed  at  tips,  provided  with  blackened  spicules. 
Outer  dististyle  long-oval,  less  than  four  times  as  long  as  broad, 
the  tips  narrowly  obtuse.  Inner  dististyle  with  the  beak  narrow, 
its  tips  obtuse,  slightly  decurved ;  dorsal  crest  low  in  front,  becom¬ 
ing  more  elevated  behind,  the  posterior  end  truncated ;  lower  beak 
slender,  blackened,  slightly  upcurved  at  tip ;  no  spinous  points  on 
disk  or  posterior  part  of  style.  Gonapophysis  produced  into  two 
slender  spines.  Eighth  sternite  extensive,  narrowed  outwardly, 
the  apex  unequally  trilobed,  the  median  lobe  long  and  slender,  with 
sparse  setae,  the  lateral  lobes  low  and  broad,  with  dense  but  rela¬ 
tively  short  incurved  setae. 

Habitat :  Arizona. 

Holotype:  J1,  McNary,  Apache  County,  White  Mountains,  alti¬ 
tude  7400  feet,  July  22,  1948  (Werner).  Paratopotype :  1  (J; 
paratype :  1  <$,  west  slope  of  Graham  Mountains,  Graham  County, 
altitude  9000  feet,  August  5,  1948  (Werner). 

The  present  fly  is  superficially  most  like  Nephrotoma  ferruginea 
(Fabricius)  and  N.  occidentalis  (Doane),  differing  from  all  re¬ 
gional  species  in  the  structure  of  the  male  hypopygium. 

Limonia  (Dicranomyia)  geronimo  n.  sp. 

Belongs  to  the  tristis  ( liberta )  group;  general  coloration  gray, 
the  praescutum  with  a  single  conspicuous  brown  stripe ;  male 
hypopygium  with  the  tergite  broadly  truncated  across  apex,  the 
median  area  with  a  group  of  seven  or  eight  long  setae ;  ventral 
dististyle  relatively  small,  its  total  area  about  one-half  greater  than 
that  of  the  basistyle ;  rostral  prolongation  with  the  tubercles  of  the 
spines  small,  the  largest  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  spine,  the 
second  tubercle  at  its  base,  very  small. 

Male. — Length  about  7.5  m.. ;  wing  8  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  black.  Antennae  black  throughout ;  scape 
more  pruinose ;  flagellar  segments  oval ;  verticils  relatively  short 
and  inconspicuous.  Head  light  gray ;  anterior  vertex  narrow, 
approximately  one-half  the  diameter  of  the  scape. 

Pronotum  dark  brownish  gray.  Mesonotal  praescutum  gray, 
with  a  single  conspicuous  brown  stripe,  the  lateral  stripes  not  or 
barely  indicated ;  posterior  sclerites  of  notum  and  the  pleura  gray  ; 


102  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIV 


dorsopleural  membrane  restrictedly  obscure  yellow.  Halteres  with 
stem  yellow,  knob  infuscated.  Legs  with  the  coxae  brownish 
black,  pruinose;  trochanters  obscure  brownish  yellow;  remainder 
of  legs  black,  the  femoral  bases  restrictedly  yellow.  Wings  rela¬ 
tively  narrow,  whitish  subhyaline ;  stigma  short-oval,  pale  brown, 
inconspicuous ;  veins  dark  brown,  somewhat  paler  in  the  prearcular 
field.  Venation:  Sc,  ending  opposite  the  origin  of  Rs,  Sc2  close 
to  its  tip ;  Rs  weakly  angulated  and  spurred  near  origin ;  inner  end 
of  cell  R3  lying  far  before  the  other  elements  of  cord ;  m-cu  about 
one-half  its  length  before  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark  brown,  sparsely  pruinose,  basal  sternites 
somewhat  paler ;  male  hypopygium  darkened,  the  ventral  dististyle 
chiefly  pale.  Male  hypopygium  of  the  general  type  of  liberta. 
Ninth  tergite  broadly  truncated  across  apex,  the  median  area  with 
a  group  of  seven  or  eight  long  yellow  setae.  Basistyle  with  the 
tubercles  about  as  in  liberta;  ventromesal  lobe  with  a  large  area 
of  strong  setae  at  and  near  tip.  Dorsal  dististyle  only  slightly 
curved,  the  tip  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  sharp  spine.  Ventral 
dististyle  relatively  small,  its  total  area  about  one-half  greater  than 
that  of  the  basistyle ;  rostral  prolongation  with  the  tubercles  of  the 
spines  small,  the  largest  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  spine,  the 
second  tubercle  at  its  base,  very  small.  Gonapophysis  with  the 
lower  edge  of  the  lobe  microscopically  and  irregularly  serrulate  or 
roughened. 

Habitat:  Arizona  (Cochise  County). 

Holotypc:  West  slope  of  the  Chiricahua  Mountains,  altitude 

5640  feet,  August  3,  1948  (Werner). 

Closely  related  to  Limonia  ( Dicranomyia )  liberta  (Osten 
Sacken),  of  eastern  North  America,  differing  especially  in  the 
structure  of  the  male  hypopygium. 

Atarba  (Atarba)  apache  n.  sp. 

Thoracic  dorsum  fulvous  yellow,  the  posterior  sclerites  vaguely 
pruinose ;  antennae  with  scape  yellow,  the  flagellum  uniformly 
black ;  femora  obscure  yellow  basally,  the  tips  broadly  and  gradually 
infuscated ;  wings  brownish  yellow ;  Sc,  ending  about  opposite 
one-fcmrth  the  length  of  Rs. 

Female. — Length  about  7  mm. ;  wing  7.5  mm. 

Rostrum  obscure  yellow ;  palpi  black.  Antennae  with  scape 
yellow,  pedicel  brownish  testaceous,  flagellum  uniformly  black; 
flagellar  segments  long-oval  to  subcylindrical.  Head  dark  gray, 
somewhat  more  reddened  posteriorly. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  103 


Thoracic  dorsum  chiefly  fulvous  yellow,  the  central  part  of  the 
scutum  and  mediotergite  vaguely  to  sparsely  pruinose.  Pleura  ob¬ 
scure  yellow,  sparsely  pruinose.  Halteres  weakly  infuscated,  the 
base  of  stem  narrowly  more  yellowed.  Legs  with  the  coxae  and 
trochanters  yellow ;  femora  obscure  yellow  basally,  the  tips  broadly 
and  gradually  infuscated,  more  extensive  on  the  fore  legs  where 
about  the  outer  three-fourths  is  darkened ;  tibiae  brownish  yellow, 
the  tips  darker  brown ;  tarsi  brownish  black.  Wings  brownish 
black,  the  prearcular  field  more  yellowed ;  cells  C  and  Sc,  with  the 
stigma,  weakly  infuscated ;  veins  R 5  and  Cu  brownish  yellow,  the 
other  veins  pale  brown,  darker  in  the  costal  field.  Venation:  Sc, 
ending  about  opposite  one-fourth  the  length  of  Rs,  Sc2  some  dis¬ 
tance  from  its  tip,  placed  a  short  distance  before  origin  of  Rs;  Rs 
weakly  angulated  at  origin,  about  one-third  longer  than  the  basal 
section  of  Rs;  branches  of  Rs  subparallel  on  basal  half,  thence  di¬ 
verging,  particularly  Rs,  cell  Ri  at  margin  about  one-third  or  more 
longer  than  cell  R2;  m—cu  close  to  fork  of  M. 

Abdomen  dark  brown,  only  the  genital  segment  and  bases  of 
ovipositor  yellow ;  cerci  elongate,  horn-colored. 

Habitat:  Arizona. 

Holotype:  $,  McNary,  Apache  County,  White  Mountains,  alti¬ 
tude  7400  feet,  July  22,  1948  (Werner). 

This  very  distinct  fly  is  most  nearly  allied  to  certain  Mexican 
species,  including  A  tar  b  a  ( Atarba )  mexicana  Alexander,  differing 
in  all  details  of  coloration  and  venation.  It  is  entirely  distinct 
from  the  only  other  regional  species,  A.  (A.)  werneri  n.  sp. 

Atarba  (Atarba)  werneri  n.  sp. 

Thoracic  dorsum  reddish  yellow,  unpatterned ;  antennae  with 
scape  and  pedicel  black ;  legs  obscure  yellow ;  wings  pale  yellow, 
the  stigma  not  or  scarcely  indicated ;  abdomen  obscure  yellow. 

Female. — Length  about  6.5  m.. ;  wing  6. 6-6.7  mm. 

Rostrum  brown,  pruinose  on  the  sides ;  palpi  darker  brown. 
Antennae  with  scape  and  pedicel  black,  more  or  less  pruinose ; 
flagellum  broken.  Head  gray  pruinose. 

Thoracic  dorsum  reddish  yellow,  unpatterned,  the  pleura  some¬ 
what  clearer  yellow.  Halteres  with  stem  yellow,  knob  weakly  in¬ 
fuscated.  Legs  with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  pale  yellow ;  re¬ 
mainder  of  legs  obscure  yellow,  the  outer  tarsal  segments  infuscated. 
Wings  pale  yellow,  the  stigma  not  or  scarcely  darkened ;  veins  yel¬ 
low.  Venation  :  Sc,  ending  just  beyond  origin  of  Rs.  Sc  .  a  slightly 
greater  distance  before  this  origin;  Rs  pale,  without  trichia,  sub- 


104  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l •  ^LIV 


equal  in  length  to  the  basal  section  of  R5;  upper  branch  of  Rs 
nearly  straight,  cell  R u  gently  widened  outwardly,  approximately 
twice  as  wide  at  margin  as  cell  R2;  m-cu  at  fork  of  M. 

Abdomen  obscure  yellow,  the  cerci  darker. 

Habitat:  Arizona. 

Holotype:  J,  Oak  Creek  Canyon,  Coconino  County,  August  13, 
1948  (Werner).  Paratopotype :  $. 

I  take  very  great  pleasure  in  naming  this  distinct  fly  for  Mr. 
Floyd  Werner.  The  species  is  quite  different  from  the  three  others 
now  known  from  the  United  States  and  likewise  from  all  regional 
Mexican  species.  The  blackened  basal  segments  of  the  antennae 
would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  flagellum  would  be  similarly  colored 
and  not  bicolored  as  in  Atarba  ( Atarba )  picticornis  Osten  Sacken 
and  many  other  related  forms. 


Back  Issues  of  the  Society’s  Publications.  During  the  past 
year  the  Society’s  stock  of  past  issues  of  the  Bulletin  and  Entomo- 
logica  Americana  has  been  rearranged  so  as  to  facilitate  the  prompt 
handling  of  orders.  All  orders  for  all  publications  MUST  be  sent 
DIRECT  to  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  R.  R.  McElvare, 
Treasurer,  26  Bogart  Avenue,  Port  Washington,  New  York. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  105 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY 

Meeting  of  December  16,  1948 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  was 
called  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum  on  December  16,  1948  at  8.00  P.  M. 
Five  members  and  three  visitors  were  present.  The  minutes  of 
the  October  meeting  were  read  and  approved.  Dr.  Tulloch  pre¬ 
sented  a  brief  report  of  the  Publication  Committee  which  was  ac¬ 
cepted.  Messrs.  Naumann,  McElvare  and  Bucholz  were  named 
to  the  Nominating  Committee  by  the  president. 

Mr.  A.  T.  Gaul  presented  the  evening’s  discussion  “The  Ecology 
of  Deer  Hill,  Mass.”  giving  an  illustrated  ecological  survey  of  a 
typical  Berkshire  Hill.  The  geology,  history  and  conservation 
practices  were  mentioned  as  well  as  the  reptile,  mammal,  insect 
and  plant  life. 

The  meeting  was  adjourned  at  9:45  P.  M. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

A.  T.  Gaul 


Meeting  of  January  13,  1949 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  was 
held  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum  on  January  13,  1949.  President 
Tulloch  called  the  meeting  to  order  at  8:  00  P.M.  Six  members 
were  present. 

The  minutes  of  the  preceding  meeting  were  read  and  approved. 
The  Treasurer’s  report  for  the  year  1948  was  accepted  as  read. 
Mr.  Teale  read  the  report  of  the  Publication  Committee  which  was 
accepted. 

The  Society  discussed  the  matter  of  accepting  membership  from 
persons  unsponsored  by  members.  It  was  agreed  that  although 
many  persons  unknown  to  the  membership  may  be  potentially  fine 
members,  the  by-laws  would  not  be  amended  at  this  time. 

Mr.  Buchholz,  reporting  for  the  nominating  committee,  sub¬ 
mitted  the  following  slate  of  officers  and  committee  members  for 
1949: 

President — E.  W.  Teale 
Vice  President — F.  T.  Naumann 
Secretary — A.  T.  Gaul 
Treasurer — R.  R.  McElvare 

Publication  Committee 
E.  W.  Teale 


106  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l.  XLIV 


J.  C.  Bequaert,  Editor,  Entomologica  Americana 
G.  S.  Tullocii,  Editor,  Bulletin 

Executive  Committee 
O.  Buciiholz 
J.  J.  Kellner 
G.  S.  Tulloch 

Delegate  to  N.  Y.  Academy  of  Sciences 
A.  T.  Gaul 

It  was  moved  and  approved  that  the  nominations  be  closed.  The 
Secretary  was  instructed  to  cast  one  ballot  to  certify  the  election  of 
the  slate.  At  this  point  the  chair  was  turned  over  to  the  new 
President,  E.  W.  Teale. 

The  President  then  introduced  the  speaker  of  the  evening,  Mr. 
Otto  Buchholz,  who  discussed  his  field  trip  into  the  South  and 
through  Texas. 

In  early  March,  1948  Mr.  Buchholz  began  an  extensive  auto¬ 
mobile  trip  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  Lepidoptera  in  southern 
and  southwestern  United  States.  Proceeding  down  the  Atlantic 
coast,  he  made  extensive  collections  in  Georgia  and  Alabama. 
After  a  stopover  in  New  Orleans,  he  continued  into  Texas  and 
collected  in  the  Rio  Grande  Valley  area.  Mr.  Buchholz  reported 
on  the  environmental  features  of  the  various  areas  visited  as  well 
as  on  the  problems  facing  a  collector  in  each  of  the  areas. 

The  meeting  adjourned  at  9:40  P.M. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

A.  T.  Gaul. 

Meeting  of  February  10,  1949 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  was 
held  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum  on  February  10,  1949.  The  meeting 
was  called  to  order  at  8:00  P.  M.  by  vice-president  F.  T.  Nauman. 
Six  members  and  three  visitors  were  present. 

The  minutes  of  the  previous  meeting  were  read  and  approved. 
Mr.  McElvare  read  a  report  from  Dr.  Bequaert  on  the  progress 
of  Entomologica  Americana.  Dr.  Tulloch  proposed  Mr.  Charles 
Pomerantz,  20  Hudson  St.  N.  Y.  City  for  membership.  It  was 
moved  and  voted  that  the  by-laws  be  suspended  and  that  Mr.  Pom¬ 
erantz  be  immediately  elected  to  membership. 

Since  Mr.  Pomerantz  was  present,  Dr.  Tulloch  called  upon  him 
to  discuss  some  of  his  entomological  activities.  He  spoke  briefly 
on  his  work  with  ticks,  the  Oriental  Rat  mite,  and  other  arthropod 
pests  and  disease  vectors. 


June,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  107 


Because  of  the  illness  of  the  speaker  of  the  evening,  Dr.  Tulloch 
volunteered  to  discuss  malaria.  He  traced  the  life  history  of  the 
malaria  organism  ( Plasmodium )  in  man  and  in  the  mosquito,  the 
the  clinical  types  of  malaria,  and  the  several  complexities  in  its 
cure  and  accidental  transmission. 

The  meeting  was  adjourned  at  9.45  P.  M. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

A.  T.  Gaul 


BOOK  NOTES 

The  Songs  of  Insects,  with  related  material  on  the  production, 
propagation,  detection,  and  measurement  of  sonic  and  supersonic 
vibrations.  By  George  W.  Pierce.  329  pages,  243  figures.  1948. 
Harvard  University  Press.  In  England,  Oxford  University  Press. 
(Price,  $5.00) 

Entomologists  are  indebted  to  an  Emeritus  Professor  of  Physics 
at  Harvard  University  for  this  scientific  report  on  the  mechanism 
and  properties  of  insect  stridulation.  For  twelve  years  Dr.  Pierce 
studied  the  songs  of  some  38  species  of  New  England  Orthoptera, 
also  two  species  of  cicadas.  Some  were  collected  in  the  New  Ham- 
shire  fields  with  the  aid  of  instruments  which  detected  stridula- 
tions  of  too  high  a  frequency  to  be  audible  to  human  ears.  The 
majority  of  species  were  studied  while  confined  to  cages,  and  motion 
pictures  of  many  were  taken  while  stridulation  was  in  progress, 
sample  frames  being  here  reproduced.  Acoustics  apparatus  cap¬ 
able  of  receiving  even  supersonic  vibrations  was  set  up  in  such 
a  way  that  photosensitive  paper  made  a  record  of  all  pulsations, 
and  the  frequency  of  sound  vibrations  was  accurately  determined. 
Temperature  is  well  known  for  its  importance  in  influencing  the 
pulsations  of  certain  species,  but  Dr.  Pierce  had  an  opportunity  to 
observe  the  effect  of  temperature  on  only  a  few  of  the  species 
studied.  More  information  on  the  number  of  specimens  tested 
per  species  would  also  have  been  appropriate,  since  variation  in 
a  series  of  individuals  may  prove  to  be  significant.  About  one- 
fourth  of  the  book  is  used  to  describe  the  methods  and  apparatus, 
and  although  the  discussion  is  very  clear  and  well  illustrated,  many 
of  the  formulae  and  procedures  naturally  can  be  comprehended 
only  by  an  accomplished  physicist.  A  few  notes  on  bats  and  birds 
are  included. 


108  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l ■  XLIV 


Entomologists  will  be  interested  in  habitus  photographs  which 
represent  nearly  all  the  species  studied,  and  in  the  photomicro¬ 
graphs  of  the  stridulatory  structures,  which  show  “file”  and 
“scraper”  in  detail.  Individual  wings  and  their  stridulatory  por¬ 
tions  are  illustrated  for  most  species,  and  a  report  is  given  on 
the  part  that  the  unveined  disklike  areas  play  in  wing  resonance. 
Dr.  Pierce  found  that  three  subspecies  of  Nemohius  fasciatus  could 
easily  be  distinguished  by  sound  records,  amply  supporting  B.  B. 
Fulton’s  observations  by  ear  of  nearly  20  years  ago.  The  song 
of  each  species  is  analyzed,  noting  the  pulses  per  second  in  the 
chirp  and  the  frequency  of  vibrations, and  a  graphic  presentation 
is  made  of  the  chirping,  reproduced  directly  from  the  apparatus 
that  recorded  it. 

The  study  of  orthopteran  sounds  previously  received  the  atten¬ 
tion  of  many  keen  observers.  Scudder  set  the  notes  to  supposed 
music,  Allard  described  how  the  chirps  sounded  to  him,  giving 
many  details  of  orthopteran  behavior,  and  Fulton  wrote  a  key  to 
the  identification  of  the  singing  Orthoptera  of  North  Carolina 
based  on  the  “songs”  (Jour.  Elisha  Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.  47 :  55-69, 
1932).  Both  Allard  and  Snodgrass  have  given  clearly  written 
resumes  of  the  subject  (Smithsonian  Rept.  for  1928:  563-591, 
1929;  Ibid,  1923:  405^-52,  1925).  The  late  Frank  E.  Lutz  began 
studies  of  these  sounds,  aided  by  a  collaborator  equipped  with 
modern  acoustics  apparatus,  and  a  few  other  workers  have  made 
approaches  to  a  technical  excursion  into  this  field.  The  thorough¬ 
ness  and  completeness  with  which  Dr.  Pierce’s  work  was  done, 
coupled  with  his  intimate  understanding  of  the  methods  necessary 
for  permanently  recording  the  results,  make  his  book  unique  and 
a  monographic  landmark  in  the  study  of  insect  sounds. — Ashley 
B.  Gurney,  Falls  Church,  Virginia. 


BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

BROOKLYN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY 


Vol.  XLIV  OCTOBER,  1949  No.  4 


STUDIES  ON  THE  PLECOPTERA  OF  NORTH 
AMERICA:  V.  NOTES  ON  ISOGENOIDES.1 

By  J.  F.  Hanson,  Amherst,  Mass. 

Since  the  publication  of  a  study  on  Isogenoides  in  The  American 
Midland  Naturalist  in  1943,  a  new  species  has  been  discovered  and 
a  further  study  of  I.  hudsonicus  Hanson  has  been  conducted  in 
view  of  the  synonymy  of  this  species  under  I.  frontalis  by  Ricker. 

Isogenoides  zionensis  n.  sp. 

Fig.  3. 

Coloration  and  structural  details  typical  of  Isogenoides  as  dis¬ 
cussed  in  Part  III  of  the  author’s  American  Midland  Naturalist 
series. 

Male: — Length  of  body,  13-17  mm.;  wings  4—5  mm.  long, 
brachypterous,  extending  only  to  fourth  or  fifth  abdominal  segment. 

Abdominal  segments  6,  7,  and  8  with  dorsolateral  humps  smaller 
than  those  of  such  species  as  I.  frontalis.  No  nail  present  on  7th 
sternite.  9th  sternite  only  very  slightly  produced  backward,  less 
so  than  in  other  known  species  of  the  genus.  Genital  lobes  of  10th 
segment  large,  broadly  rounded,  with  a  tendency  toward  descleroti- 
zation  anteriorly;  covered  with  numerous  short,  fine  setae  which 
are  interspersed  with  a  few  spine-like  setae  especially  in  the 
anterior  apical  region.  Supraanal  process  elongate,  flattened, 
curved  forward,  and  mostly  membranous  apically ;  posterior  sclcro- 
tized  support  tapering  to  a  needle-like  point  and  reaching  apex  of 
the  supraanal  process;  anterior  support  branched  near  the  middle 
of  the  supraanal  process  into  three  arms  which  extend  only  part 

1  Contribution  from  the  Department  of  Entomology,  University 
of  Massachusetts,  Amherst,  Massachusetts;  financially  supported 
by  a  John  Simon  Guggenheim  Memorial  Foundation  Fellowship. 

109 


110  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l ■  XLIV 


way  toward  the  apex  of  the  supraanal  process.  Lateral  stylets 
attached  to  base  of  superaanal  process ;  with  basal  region  strap-like 
and  imbedded  in  membrane ;  with  apical  region  free,  blade-like, 
slightly  longer  than  broad.  Paragenital  plates  convex,  well  sclero- 
tized,  similar  to  those  of  other  species  of  the  genus.  Subanal  lobes 
moderately  large,  and  partly  covered  with  short  setae. 

Collection  Data.  Holotype  male — Zion  National  Park,  Utah, 
altitude  4500  ft.,  June  21,  1942  (C.  P.  Alexander).  Paratopotypes 
— 4  males,  June  22,  1942.  All  types  are  in  the  Hanson  collection. 

This  species  resembles  I.  elongatus  which  is  similarly  brachy- 
pterous,  which  has  rounded  genital  lobes,  and  sometimes  has  no 
discernible  nail  on  the  seventh  abdominal  sternite.  However,  the 
genital  lobes  of  I.  elongatus  are  narrower,  its  lateral  stylets  are 
much  longer,  and  its  supraanal  process  is  greatly  different  in  shape 
from  that  of  I.  sionensis. 

Isogenoides  hudsonicus  Hanson 
Fig.  1. 

1942.  Isogenus  frontalis,  Frison,  Bull.  Ill.  Nat.  Hist.  Survey  Vol. 
22,  art.  2:  290-292,  fig.  59  (in  part). 

1943.  Isogenoides  hudsonicus  Hanson  J1  5,  Amer.  Midi.  Nat. 
29,  no.  3:  662-663,  figs.  7,  17,  18. 

1944.  Isogenoides  frontalis,  Ricker,  Canad.  Ent.  76:  181  (in  part). 

This  species  was  recently  synonymized  by  Ricker  under  I. 

frontalis.  In  rrty  opinion,  differentiation  of  the  two  species  still 
remains  essentially  as  discussed  in  the  original  description  of  I. 
hudsoncus  and  in  the  key  except  that  two  additional  distinctive 
features  have  been  discovered.  This  present  study  is  based  on  a 
much  greater  number  of  widely  collected  specimens  than  either 
this  author  or  Ricker  had  previously  been  privileged  to  study. 
They  include  all  of  the  specimens  of  I.  frontalis  and  hudsonicus 
known  to  be  present  in  the  United  States  National  Museum 
(USNM),  the  Canadian  National  Collection  (CNC),  Cornell, 
and  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  (MCZ) 
as  well  as  some  from  the  Illinois  Natural  History  Survey  Collec¬ 
tion  (INHS)  and  from  Ricker’s  (WER)  and  my  personal  collec¬ 
tion.  To  the  curators  of  all  of  these  museums  I  am  deeply  in¬ 
debted  for  the  loan  of  specimens  and  permission  to  clear  and  dissect 
them  for  critical  study. 

The  following  table  shows,  in  order  of  relative  importance, 
features  which  distinguish  I.  hudsonicus  from  I.  frontalis. 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  111 


Character 

Shape  of  lateral  sty¬ 
lets  in  dorsal  view. 


Distance  of  end  of 
posterior  sclerotized 
support  from  apex 
of  supraanal  proc¬ 
ess. 

Angle  on  posterior 
margin  of  genital 
lobe  just  above  cer- 
cus. 

Angle  at  “heel”  of 
“foot”  of  genital 
lobe. 

Length  of  lateral 
stylets. 

The  above  features  are  all  clearly  shown  in  Figures  3  and  7  in  the 
author’s  previous  publication  on  Isogcnoides  except  perhaps  for 
the  lateral  stylets  which  are  shown  in  this  paper  (Figs.  1  &  2)  at 
greater  enlargement  to  illustrate  the  extremes  of  variation  in  shape. 
The  first  two  criteria  listed  in  the  table  distinguish,  easily  and 
without  exception,  all  of  the  specimens  of  I.  frontalis  and  I.  lutd- 
sonicus  that  the  author  has  studied.  The  differences  between  their 
supraanal  processes  can  usually  very  easily  be  observed  even  with¬ 
out  making  actual  measurements.  The  differences  between  the 
shapes  of  the  lateral  stylets  of  the  two  species  is  very  marked. 
The  relative  slenderness  of  the  lateral  stylets  of  /.  frontalis  gives 
them  the  appearance  of  being  much  longer  than  those  of  I.  had - 
sonicus,  although  actual  measurement  shows  this  to  be  an  illusion 
due  to  shape  in  some  cases.  The  shape  of  the  genital  lobes  is  a 
very  convenient  character  to  use,  since  it  is  easily  observable  even 
in  most  dried  specimens.  It  is  almost  always  very  distinctive 
(Figs.  ID,  2D)  although  extremes  of  variation  produce  inter¬ 
mediates  between  the  two  species. 


hudsonicus 
Tapered  from  base 
to  apex. 


.16-.24  mm. 


Present 


110-130  deg.,  gen¬ 
erally  130  deg.,  in¬ 
frequently  much  less. 

.22-.34  mm. 


frontalis 

Subcylindrical  for 
most  of  length ;  much 
narrower  at  base  of 
subcylindrical  section 
than  is  stylet  of  hud¬ 
sonicus  at  same  dis¬ 
tance  from  apex. 

.2S-.44  mm. 


Absent 


Generally  90-110  deg., 
infrequently  more. 

.28-40  mm. 


112  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entoynological  Society  Vo l-  XLIV 


Further  evidence  of  specific  dissimilarity  of  I.  frontalis  and  I. 
hudsonicus  is  offered  by  two  factors  indicating  an  unlikelihood  of 
the  existence  of  geographical  variation  and  resultant  intermediate 
forms.  First,  the  entire  known  range  of  variation  of  any  diagnostic 
character  in  either  species  may  occur  in  any  one  locality.  Suffi¬ 
cient  series  of  specimens  to  demonstrate  this  have  been  available 
from  widely  separated  localities  (Ontario,  British  Columbia,  and 
Michigan).  Secondly,  new  distributional  records  show  that  their 
ranges  overlap  along  the  Athabasca  River  in  Alberta  and  at  least 
approximate  each  other  near  the  Great  Slave  Lake  and  in  northern 
Michigan  and  New  York.  This  is  significant  since  the  two  species 
are  as  easily  distinguished  in  the  coinciding  or  approximating 
habitats  as  they  are  in  widely  separated  regions.  It  is  noteworthy 
that  these  data  still  show  the  range  of  I.  frontalis  to  extend  into 
much  warmer  regions  than  that  of  I.  hudsonicus.  The  fact  that 
most  northerly  records  are  those  of  I.  frontalis  may  at  first  seem 
to  conflict  with  the  above  statement.  However,  as  Porsild  (1943) 
has  shown  for  birds,  numerous  species  extend  farther  north  along 
the  Mackenzie  River  than  elsewhere  in  Canada. 

The  synonymy  of  I.  hudsonicus  under  I.  frontalis  by  Ricker  is 
based  on  three  contentions.  First,  he  shows  that  intermediate  con¬ 
ditions  occur  in  the  shape  of  the  genital  lobes ;  secondly  he  contends 
that  all  other  diagnostic  characters  are  even  more  variable  than 
the  genital  lobes ;  arjd  thirdly  that  all  of  these  variations  are  geo¬ 
graphical.  Concerning  the  intergrading  nature  of  the  genital  lobes 
of  the  two  species  Ricker  is  admittedly  correct  (Figs.  1C,  2C). 
His  other  two  contentions,  however,  seem  to  be  unfounded  in  fact. 
A  careful  restudy  of  the  extremes  of  variation  of  the  lateral  stylets 
and  supraanal  process  of  the  two  species  fails  to  disclose  a  single 
intermediate  condition  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  this  study  has  in¬ 
cluded  many  more  specimens  than  either  of  us  has  previously 
studied.  It  is  also  worthy  of  note  that  a  large  part  of  the  collection 
data  included  in  Ricker’s  references  to  I.  frontalis  refers  to  speci¬ 
mens  which  were  pinned  or  preserved  in  alcohol  with  the  genitalia 
retracted  and  therefore  incapable  of  being  studied  for  details  of 
either  supraanal  process  or  lateral  stylets.  It  appears  that  not  even 
a  single  specimen  of  I.  hudsonicus  listed  in  Ricker’s  references 
(under  I.  frontalis )  was  when  1  first  saw  them  (after  he  had  pub¬ 
lished  his  conclusions) ,  in  a  condition  in  which  these  latter  structures 
could  be  studied.  In  his  contention  concerning  geographical  varia¬ 
tion  Ricker  likewise  makes  definite  reference  only  to  the  genital 
lobes.  It  is  unfortunate  that  in  studying  this  problem  he  did  not 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  113 


have  access  to  a  sufficiently  large  number  of  specimens  to  discover 
the  real  nature  of  their  variability.  As  was  discussed  above,  from 
material  now  available  it  is  not  possible  to  differentiate  geographical 
variants  since  it  can  be  shown  that  the  entire  range  of  variation 
of  either  species  may  be  encompassed  in  any  one  locality. 

It  is  true  that  I.  frontalis  and  I.  hudsonicus  are  very  closely 
related.  Intermediates  may  yet  be  discovered  which  show  them  to 
be  a  single  species.  However,  in  my  opinion  we  are  obliged  by 
the  distinctness  of  the  two  forms,  as  now  known  from  many  speci¬ 
mens  from  widely  separated  localities,  to  maintain  them  as  separate 
species. 

Through  an  abundance  of  correspondence  I  find  that  Ricker  does 
not  share  my  opinion,  nor  does  he  agree  on  observed  details  of 
shapes  and  measurements  of  specimens  which  we  have  both  re¬ 
cently  studied.  The  eventual  settlement  of  this  interesting  problem 
will  therefore  undoubtedly  await  more  extensive  collecting  and  the 
opinions  of  a  third  party. 

The  following  data  supplement  my  previous  records.  They 
include  references  to  specimens  of  hudsonicus  listed  under  I.  fron¬ 
talis  by  Ricker  (1944)  and  by  Frison  (1942).  Frison’s  figures 
(1942)  of  I.  frontalis  undoubtedly  represent  I.  hudsonicus  as 
judged  by  his  drawings  of  the  supraanal  process  and  the  genital 
lobes  and  by  the  present  writer’s  examination  of  specimens  from 
Frison’s  plesiotype  locality  (Michigan). 

1  male,  Ungava  Bay,  H.B.T.,  Can.  (L.  M.  Turner)  (CMC).  1 
male,  Athabasca  R.  near  Calling  R.,  Alberta,  Can.,  May  21,  1914 
(F.  Harper)  (CNC).  2  males,  2  females,  Churchill,  Man.,  Can., 
July  9,  1936  (H.  E,  McClure)  (INHS).  1  male,  Hunt  Creek, 
Montmorency  Co.,  Mich.,  Aug.  30-Sept.  3,  1940  (J.  W.  Leonard) 
(INHS).  1  male,  Platte  R.,  Honor,  Mich.,  May  27,  1939  T.  H. 
Frison  &  H.  H.  Ross)  (INHS).  1  male,  Muscrat  Falls,  Hamilton 
R.,  Labrador,  Can.,  July  12-19,  1919  (S.  E.  Arthur)  (CNC). 

Isogenoides  frontalis  (Newman) 

Fig.  2. 

Collection  data  supplementary  to  those  listed  by  Hanson  (1943). 

2  males,  Grand  Rapids  and  down  the  Athabasca  R.,  Alberta,  Can., 
May  24,  25,  1914  (F.  Harper)  (MCZ  and  CNC).  1  male,  New¬ 
gate,  B.  C.,  Can.,  June  17,  1927  (A.  A.  Dennys)  (CNC).  1  male, 
Aklavik,  N.W.T.,  Can.,  June-July  1927  (R.  T.  &  A.  E.  Porsild) 
(CNC).  2  males,  S.  Nahanni  R.,  N.  W.  T.,  Can.,  Aug.  1928  (F. 


114  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLIV 


Hunter)  (CNC  and  WER).  1  male,  Fraser  R.,  Agassiz,  B.  C., 
Can.,  May  21,  1938  (W.  E.  Ricker)  (WER).  1  male,  Nechako 
R.,  Prince  George,  B.  C.,  Can.,  July  13-15,  1938  (W.  E.  Ricker) 
(WER).  1  male,  1  female,  Nechako  R.,  Prince  George,  B.  C., 
Can.,  July  13-15,  1938  (INHS).  1  male,  Athabasca  R.  between 
Grand  Rapids  and  Crooked  Rapids,  Alberta,  Can.,  May  26-28, 
1914  (F.  Harper)  (CNC).  1  male,  West  Branch,  Mackenzie 
Delta,  Can.,  July  15,  1924  (W.  N.  B.  Hoare)  (CNC).  1  male, 
St.  Laurent,  Sask.,  Can.,  May  13,  1939  (L.  C.  Paul)  (CNC).  1 
male,  Near  Ft.  Yukon,  Alaska  (T.  E.  Winekoff)  (USNM).  1 
male,  Ft.  Yukon,  Alaska  (previously  identified  as  I.  hudsonicus  by 
Hanson,  1943).  1  male,  1  female,  Snake  R.,  Idaho,  May  22,  1932 

(E.  Kline)  (INHS).  1  male,  1  female,  Corvallis,  Ore.,  March 
19,  1934  (M.  A.  Scullen)  (INHS).  1  male,  1  female,  Corvallis, 
Ore.,  April  1,  1939  (D.  Poison)  (INHS).  2  males,  1  female, 
Vantage,  Wash.,  July  5,  1932  (G.  Hoppe)  (INHS). 

Bibliography 

Frison,  T.  H.,  1942.  Studies  of  North  American  Plecoptera  with 
special  reference  to  the  fauna  of  Illinois.  Bui.  Ill.  Nat.  Hist. 
Survey  22(2)  :  235-355,  figs.  1-126. 

Hanson,  J.  F.,  1943.  Records  and  descriptions  of  North  American 
Plecoptera.  Part  III.  Notes  on  Isogenoides.  Amer.  Midi. 
Nat.  29(3) :  657-669,  figs.  1-19. 

Ricker,  W.  E.,  1944.  Some  Plecoptera  from  the  far  North. 

Canad.  Ent.  76(9)  :  174—186,  figs.  1-22. 

Porsild,  A.  E.,  1943.  Birds  of  the  Mackenzie  Delta.  Canadian 
Field  Nat.  57(2-3)  :  19-35. 


Explanation  of  Plate  VII 

Fig.  1.  Isogenoides  hudsonicus  specimens  from  Churchill, 
Manitoba:  lateral  stylets  and  genital  lobes.  Fig.  2.  I.  frontalis 
specimens  from  British  Columbia:  lateral  stylets  and  genital  lobes. 
Fig.  3.  I.  zionensis  n.  sp.  terminalia. 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  115 


Bull.  B.E.S.  Vol.  XLIV 


Plate  VII 


Fig.  1  /SOGENO/DES  HUDSON/CUS 


Fig.  2  /SOGENO/DES  FRONTAL  IS 


Fig.  3 


/SOGENO/DES  Z/ONENS/S 


116  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo XLIV 


THE  GENUS  PENESTIRELLUS  IN  NORTH  AMERICA 
INCLUDING  MEXICO  (HOMOPTERA: 

CICADELLIDAE). 

By  Dwight  M.  DeLong  and  Ruth  V.  Hershberger, 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

The  genus  Penestirellus  was  described  by  Beamer  and  Tuthill1  as 
resembling  Stirellus  but  having  two  cross  nervures  between  the 
sectors,  with  three  anteapical  cells  and  without  an  appendix.  Be¬ 
cause  of  the  two  cross  nervures  these  authors  have  indicated  a 
relationship  to  Deltacephaloid  genera  citing  especially  Polyamia  and 
Latalus. 

Three  Mexican  species  closely  related  to  catalinus  are  described 
below.  One  of  these,  pressus,  is  composed  of  specimens  which 
may  or  may  not  have  two  cross  nervures  and  the  others,  fumidus 
and  fulvus,  are  composed  of  specimens  having  only  one  cross  vein. 
The  heads  of  all  three  species  are  well  produced.  Furthermore, 
the  genital  structures  are  quite  similar  in  type  not  only  to  each  other 
but  to  Stirellus  obtains  and  related  species.  It  would  seem,  there¬ 
fore,  that  the  two  cross  veins,  when  they  occur,  are  not  as  significant 
as  other  characters  and  that  Penestirellus,  if  a  genus,  is  closely 
related  to  Stirellus. 

Penestirellus  catalinus  was  designated  as  the  genotype. 

Penestirellus  catalinus  Beamer  &  Tuthill 

A  dull  yellowish  species  with  pointed  head  and  with  dark  brown 
markings.  Length  3—4  mm. 

Vertex  rather  sharply  pointed,  one-third  longer  at  middle  than 
basal  width  between  the  eyes  at  base. 

Color;  Vertex  straw  yellow  with  dark  arcs  from  front  showing 
on  each  side  between  eye  and  apex.  A  brown,  waved,  interrupted 
line  between  eyes  which  is  interrupted  at  middle  by  ends  turning 
backward  on  disc.  A  pair  of  spots  on  base  of  disc.  Pronotum 
with  a  transverse  row  of  spots  across  disc.  Elytra  with  pale  veins 
except  apical  veins  which  are  brown.  A  brown  spot  on  outer 
clavus,  a  brown  spot  on  disc  and  a  spot  at  tip  of  clavus  also  brown. 
Face  pale  brown  with  dark  brown  arcs. 

Female  seventh  sternite  black,  broadly,  roundedly  excavated 
about  half  way  to  the  base.  Male  valve  triangular,  three-fourths 
as  long  as  basal  width.  Plates  pointed  at  apex  exceeding  valve  by 


Jour.  Kansas  Ent.  Soc.  7:  21,  1934. 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  117 


Explanation  of  Plate  VIII 

Dorsal  view  of  head,  Pronotum  and  scutellum  of  species  of  Pcncs- 
tirellus  as  labeled. 


118  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l.  XLIV 


less  than  half  the  length  of  the  valve.  Style  constricted  and  nar¬ 
rowed  at  half  its  length,  the  apical  fourth  further  constricted  to 
form  a  finger-like  tip.  The  aedeagus  is  slender,  curved  dorsally, 
with  an  enlarged  basal  portion  extending  dorsally. 

This  species  was  described  from  specimens  collected  at  Sabina 
Canyon,  Nogalis  and  Patagonia,  Arizona.  It  has  not  been  re¬ 
corded  for  other  states. 

Penestirellus  pressus  n.  sp. 

Resembling  catalinus  in  form  and  general  appearance  but  with 
a  blunter  head,  greenish  in  color,  unmarked,  and  with  male  aedeagus 
longer.  Length  3.5-4  mm. 

Vertex  produced,  bluntly  angled,  about  one-fifth  longer  at 
middle  than  basal  width  between  the  eyes.  Elytra  usually  with 
only  one  cross  vein  between  the  two  sectors. 

Color:  Green  tinged  with  yellow.  Vertex  and  scutellum  often 
yellowish.  Disc  of  pronotum  and  elytra  clnll  green.  Face  brown¬ 
ish. 

Female  seventh  sternite  broadly  excavated  from  the  prominent 
lateral  angles  to  about  one-half  its  depth,  often  with  a  rounded 
notch  at  middle.  Male  valve  angularly  produced,  not  cpiite  as  long 
as  basal  width.  The  plates  exceed  the  valve  by  less  than  its  length. 
The  apices  are  bluntly  pointed.  The  style  is  long,  narrowed  at 
about  the  middle  to  less  than  half  its  width,  then  produced  after 
a  slight  enlargement  to  a  long,  narrow,  finger-like  apex.  The 
aedeagus  has  an  enlarged,  upturned  base  beyond  which  it  is  nar¬ 
rowed,  curved  apically  and  produced  to  form  a  long,  slender,  erect 
terminus  which  is  curved  slightly  anteriorly  at  the  pointed  apex. 
Pygofer  greatly  narrowed  at  apex. 

Holotype  male  collected  at  Mexico  City,  D.  F.,  Mexico,  18  kilo¬ 
meters  west,  September  1,  1939  by  D.  M.  DeLong.  Allotype 
female  taken  at  Taxco,  Guerrero,  Mexico  October  26,  1941  by 
Good  and  DeLong.  Male  paratypes  are  from  Mexico  City  as 
above  and  Taxco.  Female  paratypes  are  from  Acapulco,  Guerrero, 
Mexico,  September  10,  1939,  Plummer  and  DeLong;  Jiutepec, 
Morelos,  Mexico,  September  6,  1939,  Plummer,  Baker  and  De¬ 
Long;  Mexcala  Buena  Vista,  Guerrero,  October  22  and  23,  1941, 
Good  and  DeLong;  Zamora,  Mich.,  Mexico,  October  2,  1941,  Cald¬ 
well,  Plummer,  Good,  and  DeLong. 


Explanation  of  Plate  IX 

Ventral  and  lateral  views  of  male  genital  structures  of  species  of 
Penestirellus  as  labeled,  as  viewed  in  position  in  abdomen. 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  119 


Bull  B.  E.  S.  Vol.  XLIV 


Plate  IX 


120  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLIV 


Penestirellus  fumidus  n.  sp. 

Resembling  pressus  in  general  form  but  smaller  with  a  blunt  head 
and  brownish  in  color.  Length,  male  2.5  mm. 

Vertex  bluntly  angled,  a  little  longer  at  middle  than  basal  width 
between  the  eyes.  Vertex  same  length  as  pronotum. 

Color:  Pale  brown  marked  with  dark  and  black.  Vertex  pale 
brown  with  a  dark  brown  transverse  waved  line  or  band  between 
the  anterior  margins  of  the  eyes.  These  are  connected  to  a  pair 
of  basal  spots  by  median  longitudinal  line.  Pronotum  with  a  row 
of  six  dark  brown  spots  across  the  disc  parallel  to  the  anterior 
margin.  Scutellum  with  a  dark  spot  in  each  basal  angle.  Elytra 
pale  brownish,  veins  pale  on  anterior  two-thirds,  dark  brown  on 
apical  portion.  Face  brownish  with  dark  brown  arcs  on  each 
side. 

Male  valve  triangular,  more  than  half  as  long  as  basal  width. 
Plates  exceeding  valve  by  about  one-fourth  its  length.  Style  long, 
slender ;  the  apical  third  narrow,  finger-like  in  appearance.  The 
aedeagus  is  rather  narrow,  produced  dorsally  to  margin  of  pygofer, 
pointed  at  apex.  The  base  is  upturned  and  thickened. 

Holotype  male  collected  at  Taxco,  Guerrero,  Mexico,  October  26, 
1941  by  Good  and  DeLong.  Paratype  males  collected  at  Zamora, 
Mich.,  Mexico,  October  2,  1941  by  Plummer,  Caldwell  Good  and 
DeLong;  and  Puenta  de  Ixtla,  Morelos,  Mexico,  October  21,  1941 
by  Good  and  DeLong. 

Penestirellus  fulvus  n.  sp. 

Resembling  pressus  in  general  form  but  more  robust  and  pale 
brown  in  color.  Length,  female  4  mm. 

Vertex  produced,  blunt  at  apex,  about  one  fourth  longer  at  mid¬ 
dle  than  basal  width  between  the  eyes.  Vertex  a  little  longer  than 
pronotum,  fiat.  Elytra  short  and  broad,  exposing  the  last  two  ab¬ 
dominal  segments  and  ovipositor. 

Color :  Pale  brown  without  markings  except  small  brown  spots 
on  apical  cells  of  elytra.  There  is  a  distinct  brown  spot  on  inner 
apical  cell  and  a  spot  on  the  vein  separating  the  outer  apical  cell 
from  the  costal  area.  Face  pale  brownish  without  arcs. 

Female  seventh  sternite  broadly,  concavely  excavated,  the  median 
posterior  margin  darker. 

Holotype  female  and  female  paratype  collected  at  Saltillo,  Coah., 
September  23,  1941,  by  Caldwell,  Good  and  DeLong. 

Although  no  males  are  available  for  study,  this  species  appar¬ 
ently  belongs  to  Penestirellus,  and  it  seems  advisable  to  describe 
it  at  this  time. 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  121 


LARVAL  DESCRIPTION  AND  TRANSFER  OF  THAU- 
MAPHRASTUS  KARANISENSIS  FROM  COLY- 
DIIDAE  TO  A  NEW  SUBFAMILY  OF 
DERMESTIDAE  (COLEOPTERA) 

By  W.  H.  Anderson,  Washington,  D.  C. 

This  interesting  blind,  wingless  beetle  was  described  by  Blaisdell 
(1927)  from  a  single  incomplete  and  broken  specimen  that  was 
removed  from  a  plant  gall.  The  gall  had  been  buried  for  approxi¬ 
mately  1700  years  in  the  ruins  of  Karensis,  a  Greco-Roman  town 
near  the  present-day  Kom  Washim,  Fayoum  Province,  Egypt. 
Dr.  Blaisdell  realized  that  the  species  was  an  anomalous  one.  He 
did  not  assign  it  to  any  family,  partly  because  the  posterior  tarsi 
were  missing.  However,  he  indicated  that  there  might  be  some 
similarities,  although  only  superficial  ones,  to  Aglenus,  in  the 
Colydiidae.  The  beetle  was  catalogued  in  that  family  in  the 
Zoological  Record  for  1927  (Insecta,  p.  177).  Except  for  being 
listed  “Incertae  sedis”  in  the  Colydiidae  by  Hetschko  (1930)  no 
further  references  to  the  species  in  literature  can  be  found  under 
the  name  Thaumaphrastus. 

In  1937  living  specimens  of  the  species  were  collected  in  a  rice 
mill  at  Bay  City,  Tex.,  by  A.  I.  Balzer,  who  was  investigating 
insect  pests  of  stored  grains  for  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  and 
Plant  Quarantine,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.  The  speci¬ 
mens  were  identified  by  H.  S.  Barber  and  W.  S.  Fisher,  of  that 
Bureau,  by  comparison  with  the  fragments  of  the  female  type  upon 
which  the  original  description  was  based.  Barber  and  Fisher  in¬ 
formed  Balzer  of  the  importance  of  his  discovery  and  urged  him  to 
collect  further  specimens  and  obtain  immature  stages  if  possible. 
Mr.  Balzer  kindly  bred  the  species  on  a  mixture  of  corn,  wheat, 
and  rice  flour  to  which  commercial  meat  scrap  had  been  added. 
Subsequently  he  sent  numerous  adults  and  two  larvae,  which  have 
been  placed  in  the  collections  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

As  indicated  above,  the  incompleteness  of  the  original  speci¬ 
men  prevented  Blaisdell  from  making  a  positive  assignment  of  the 
species  to  any  family,  and  he  assigned  it  to  the  Clavicornia  rather 
than  to  the  Serricornia  only  with  some  evident  hesitation.  As  is 
sometimes  the  case  in  difficulties  of  this  nature,  however,  the 
characteristics  of  the  larva,  or  at  least  the  relative  importance 
assigned  to  them,  indicate  clear-cut  affinities  with  an  established 
group  of  Coleoptera.  In  this  case  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that 
the  larva  is  related  to  the  larvae  of  the  Dermestidae,  particularly 


122  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l.  XLIV 


of  the  genus  Dermestes. 

This  paper  has  been  prepared  to  point  out  these  similarities, 
as  well  as  the  differences  between  larvae  of  the  Dermestidae  and 
the  larva  of  Thaumaphrastus.  It  seems  advisable  at  the  same  time 
to  include  drawings  of  the  adult  beetle  and  certain  details  of  its 
structure,  together  with  some  remarks  on  the  bearing  of  these 
details  on  the  proper  placement  of  the  species.  The  figures  pub¬ 
lished  by  Blaisdell  were  of  necessity  drawn  from  fragments,  and 
therefore  may  not  give  more  than  a  general  idea  of  the  appearance 
of  the  perfect  insect.  By  including  the  drawing  of  the  adult  it  is 
hoped  to  make  the  species  more  readily  recognizable.  Possibly 
the  species  should  be  known  under  some  prior  name,  catalogued 
in  some  other  family. 

Although  described  from  Egypt,  the  species  has  a  wide  distribu¬ 
tion  and  very  likely  is  cosmopolitan.  It  may  be  carried  in  com¬ 
merce.  In  addition  to  specimens  from  Bay  City  and  Beaumont, 
Tex.,  where  the  rearing  was  done,  there  are  specimens  in  the 
collections  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  from  Lincoln  County, 
Nebr.,  found  in  a  peach  orchard;  from  Mexico  (without  further 
locality)  associated  with  rice;  and  from  India,  intercepted  with 
sweet  potatoes  in  quarantine  at  New  York  City.  If  occurrence  in 
dour  mills  may  he  included  in  the  habits  of  the  species,  one  may 
expect  it  to  be  abundant  at  times.  Its  apparent  scarcity  in  collec¬ 
tions  could  be  explained  by  both  the  small  size  and  the  probable 
confinement  to  dark,  secluded  places. 

The  principal  characteristics  by  which  the  larva  of  Thau¬ 
maphrastus  is  to  be  recognized  are  as  follows : 

Body  (fig.  4)  with  simple  setae,  i.e.,  not  spinulate  or  hastate, 
one  pair  near  middorsal  line  on  each  thoracic  segment  and  ab¬ 
dominal  segements  I  to  VIII  short,  clubbed;  head  free;  epicranial 
and  frontal  sutures  present;  antenna  (fig.  1)  consisting  of  three 
articles,  the  penultimate  article  with  apical,  subconical,  accessory 
sensory  appendage ;  labrum  free,  its  anterior  margin  slightly  pro¬ 
duced  in  the  middle;  epipharynx  (fig.  2)  with  a  short  series  of 
sharply  curved  setae  on  anterolateral  margin ;  epipharynx,  near 
middle,  with  a  transverse  series  of  about  six  minute  setae  and  im¬ 
mediately  behind  these  a  transverse  row  of  minute  sensory  pores ; 
labral  rods  moderately  long,  in  the  shape  of  a  sigmoid  curve ;  man¬ 
dible  (fig.  3)  with  two  apical  teeth,  with  slender  retinaculum, 
without  basal  tuft  of  setae;  maxillary  palpus  (fig.  6)  consisting  of 
three  articles ;  lacinia  with  an  elongate,  curved,  apically  bifid  spur ; 
maxillary  articulating  areas  not  large  and  cushioned ;  labial  palpus 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  123 


THAUMAPHRASTUS 

Explanation  of  Plate  X 

Thaumaphrastus  karanisensis  Blaisdell — larva.  (Figures  drawn 
by  author.)  Fig.  1,  Antenna.  Fig.  2,  Epipharynx.  Fig.  3,  Mani- 
dible.  Fig.  4,  Larva.  Fig.  5,  Labium.  Fig.  6,  Maxiila.  Fig.  7, 
Leg.  Fig.  8,  Urogomphus. 


124  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  vol.  XLiv 


(fig.  5)  consisting  of  two  articles;  gula  present;  legs  (fig.  7) 
consisting  of  five  articles,  the  tarsus  and  claw  fused  into  a  single 
claw-shaped,  tarsungulus ;  spiracles  simple,  subcircular ;  abdominal 
segment  X  short,  membranous,  consisting  mostly  of  lobes  around 
anus;  urogomphi  (fig.  8)  present,  solid,  slightly  decurved. 

Length  of  larger  larva  studied :  2.0  mm. 

As  stated  previously,  the  larva  of  Thaumaphrastus  bears  many 
resemblances  to  larvae  of  the  Dermestidae.  A  comparison  of  the 
diagnosis  given  above  with  that  published  by  Rees  (1943)  for  the 
dermestids  will  show  this  to  be  the  case.  The  similarities  which 
seem  to  be  most  significant,  because  they  are  diagnostic  for  der- 
mestid  larvae,  are  found  in  the  general  configuration  of  epipharynx 
and  the  bifid  spur  on  lacinia.  There  is  at  least  a  vague  similarity 
between  Thaumaphrastus  and  Dermestes  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
setae  on  the  abdominal  tergites.  Rees  ( 1947 )  states  that  Dermes¬ 
tes  larvae  have  eight  distinct  oblique  rows  of  setae  on  each  abdomi¬ 
nal  tergite,  i.e.,  four  rows  on  each  side  of  the  middorsal  line.  Al¬ 
though  there  are  no  distinct  rows  of  setae  on  the  tergites  of  Thau¬ 
maphrastus,  the  setae  tend  to  be  in  four  groups  on  each  side  of  the 
middorsal  line. 

The  larva  of  Thaumaphrastus  differs  from  larvae  of  the 
Dermestidae,  as  characterized  by  Rees,  in  the  following  features: 
setae  on  body  simple,  setae  on  anterolateral  margin  of  epipharynx 
not  broader  toward  the  middle  line,  and  labral  rods  curved  toward 
each  other  posteriorly.  Of  these  characteristics  the  difference  in 
the  shape  of  the  setae  on  the  body  appears  to  be  the  most  significant. 
However,  it  should  be  pointed  out  that  Rees  did  not  know  the  larva 
of  Or philus,  which  according  to  the  description  and  figures  pub¬ 
lished  by  Paulian  (1943)  has  only  simple  setae.  If  Orphilus  is 
correctly  placed  in  the  Dermestidae,  the  importance  of  the  shape  of 
the  setae  as  a  diagnostic  character  is  lessened.  We  are  left,  then, 
with  no  characters  that  prohibit  the  inclusion  of  Thaumaphrastus  in 
the  Dermestidae. 

Since  the  larva  of  Thaumaphrastus  shows  such  strong  affinities 
with  larvae  of  the  Dermestidae,  particularly  Dermestes,  it  will  be 
appropriate  to  compare,  briefly,  the  characters  of  the  adults.  It  is 
not  the  purpose  of  the  present  discussion  to  make  an  exhaustive 
comparative  study,  but  rather  to  point  out  the  more  obvious 
similarities  and  dissimilarities.  At  first  glance  the  adults  of  Thau¬ 
maphrastus  (fig.  9)  do  not  appear  to  bear  even  a  superficial 
resemblance  to  those  of  the  Dermestidae.  The  adults  of  the  latter, 
as  characterized  by  Hinton  (1945)  are  usually  compact  and 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  125 


Explanation  of  Plate  XI 

Thaumaphrastus  karanisensis  Blaisdell — adult.  (Figures  drawn 
by  Miss  Addie  M.  Egbert.)  Fig.  10,  Dorsal  view.  Fig.  11,  Aede- 
agus,  ventral  view.  Fig.  12,  Aedeagus,  lateral  view. 


126  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLIV 


strongly  convex  beetles,  nearly  always  with  a  dense  vestiture  of 
hairs  or  scales.  The  legs  can  he  more  or  less  completely  retracted, 
and  the  hind  coxae  are  somewhat  transverse  and  excavated  for  the 
reception  of  the  femora.  Adults  of  Thaumaphrastus  are  not  com¬ 
pact,  and  only  weakly  convex,  with  a  rather  sparse,  fine  hairlike 
vestiture.  The  legs  cannot  be  effectively  retracted,  and  the  hind 
coxae  are  not  transverse  and  not  excavated  to  receive  the  femora. 
Eyes  are  absent,  as  are  also  the  hind  wings,  the  latter  being  present 
in  all  known  dermestids  except  in  females  of  the  degenerate  Thylo- 
drias.  However,  adults  of  Thaumaphrastus  possess  the  following 
characters  found  in  at  least  some  dermestids :  head  somewhat  de- 
flexed ;  antenna  consisting  of  eleven  articles,  the  last  three  of  which 
form  an  abrupt,  compact  club ;  maxillary  palpus  consisting  of  three 
articles ;  indexed  ventral  sides  of  pronotum  with  an  oval  impression 
for  the  reception  of  the  antennal  club ;  elytra  entire ;  five  visible 
abdominal  sternites ;  front  coxae  contiguous,  the  coxae  cavites  open 
behind ;  hind  femora  with  a  readily  discernible,  but  shallow,  ventral 
groove  for  the  partial  reception  of  the  tibiae ;  all  tarsi  consisting 
of  five  articles,  the  tarsal  claws  simple.  In  addition  to  the  above- 
mentioned  characteristics,  the  structure  of  the  male  aedeagus  should 
he  noted.  The  aedeagus  (figs.  10,  11)  is  typically  dermestoid, 
being  practically  identical  in  basic  structure  with  that  of  some 
species  of  Dermestes,  with  well-developed,  subparallel,  lateral  lobes 
and  the  median  lobe  strongly  hook-shaped  terminally,  the  hook 
directed  dorsad,  the  orifice  ventral  and  suhterminal. 

Although  the  lack  of  eyes  and  of  hind  wings  are  striking  charac¬ 
teristics,  neither  can  be  considered  as  being  of  much  significance 
beyond  indicating  a  state  of  degeneracy.  In  widespread  groups 
of  Coleoptera  either  or  both  of  these  evidences  of  degeneracy  have 
been  accepted  as  being  of  no  particular  taxonomic  significance.  It 
appears,  then,  that  the  most  tangible  differences  between  Thau- 
maphastus  and  the  dermestids  are  found  in  the  general  habitus, 
in  the  correlated  condition  in  which  the  legs  are  elongate  and  can 
not  be  retracted  effectively,  and  in  the  vestiture.  Because  of  my 
faith  in  the  importance  of  larval  structure  and  the  preponderance  of 
other  characters,  principally  the  structure  of  the  male  genitalia,  held 
in  common  by  adults  of  Thaumaphrastus  and  Dermestes,  I  am  in¬ 
clined  to  dismiss  the  observed  differences  in  vestiture  and  habitus 
with  the  accompanying  adaptations  as  being  of  no  great  conse¬ 
quence,  and  to  conclude  that  the  species  is  related  to  the 
Dermestidae,  particularly  to  Dermestes.  How  close  a  relationship 
shall  be  indicated  is,  of  course,  a  matter  of  individual  opinion.  The 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  127 


dermestids  form  a  group  which  is  readily  definable  on  larval  charac¬ 
ters  of  the  adults  as  well.  The  inclusion  of  Thaumaphrastus  in  the 
family  would  not  impose  difficulties  in  characterization  on  larval 
structures,  especially  if  Orphilus  were  continued  in  the  Derme- 
stidae.  From  the  standpoint  of  the  adults,  the  inclusion  of  Thau¬ 
maphrastus  would  present  no  more  difficulties  than  does  the  in¬ 
clusion  of  Thylodrias.  It  seems  quite  permissible,  therefore,  to 
consider  Thaumaphrastus  as  belonging  in  the  Dermestidae. 

In  the  belief  that  a  subfamily  should  be  a  more  homogeneous  group 
than  is  essential  for  a  family,  it  would  be  desirable  not  to  include 
Thaumaphrastus  in  the  Dermestinae  but  to  consider  it  as  consti¬ 
tuting  a  separate  subfamily.  The  erection  of  a  new  subfamily  of 
the  Dermestidae,  the  Thaumaphrastinae,  therefore,  is  proposed  to 
include  the  single  species  Thaumaphrastus  karanisensis  Blaisdell. 
The  new  subfamily  is  considered  to  be  most  closely  related  to  the 
Dermestinae,  being  separated  from  the  latter  by  the  vestiture,  the 
structure  of  hind  coxae,  the  lack  of  eyes  and  hind  wings  as  imaginal 
characters,  and  the  simple  setae  and  the  absence  of  a  basal  brush  of 
setae  on  mandible  as  larval  characters. 

Literature  Cited 

Blaisdell,  Frank  E.,  Sr.,  1927.  A  blind  beetle  excavated  from 
an  Egyptian  city’s  ruins  dating  between  117  and  235  A.  D. 
Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  29:  121-125,  illus. 

Hetschko,  A.,  1930.  Coleopterorum  Catalogus,  Junk,  Pars 
107,  Colydiidae,  p.  107. 

Hinton,  H.  E.,  1945.  A  monograph  of  the  beetles  associated 
with  stored  products,  Vol.  I.  (Dermestidae:  pp.  234—401, 
illus.)  Norwich,  England. 

Paulian,  Renaud,  1943  (1942).  The  larvae  of  the  subfamily 
Orphilinae  and  their  bearing  on  the  systematic  status  of  the 
family  Dermestidae  (Col).  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  35: 
393-396,  illus. 

Rees,  Bryant  E.,  1943.  Classification  of  the  Dermestidae 
(larder,  hide,  and  carpet  beetles)  based  on  larval  characters, 
with  a  key  to  the  North  American  genera.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr. 
Misc.  Pub.  511,  18  pp.,  illus. 

• - ,  1947.  Taxonomy  of  the  larvae  of  some  North  American 

species  of  the  genus  Dermestes  (Coleoptera:  Dermestidae). 
Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  49:  1-14,  illus. 


128  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIV 


STUDIES  ON  THE  COTTON  JASSID  (EMPOASCA 
DEVASTANS  DIST.)  IN  THE  WEST  PUNJAB:  VIII. 

EFFECT  OF  RAINFALL  AND  HUMIDITY  ON 
THE  INCIDENCE  OF  JASSID  ATTACK. 

By  Mohammad  Afzal  and  M.  A.  Ghani 
Cotton  Research  Laboratory,  Lyallpur,  Pakistan 

Introduction 

The  cotton  jassid  ( Empoasca  d evasions  Dist.)  is  a  serious  pest 
of  American  cottons  in  the  West  Punjab.  The  intensity  of  attack 
of  this  pest  varies  from  year  to  year  and  during  years  of  heavy 
infestation  serious  losses  are  inflicted  to  the  cotton  crop  of  the 
Province.  An  attempt  was  made  to  find  out  the  climatic  factors 
which  mav  have  some  influence  on  the  incidence  of  iassids.  With 
this  point  in  view  the  preliminary  studies,  reported  herein,  were 
undertaken. 

It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  almost  all  the  workers  on  this 
pest  have  observed  annual  fluctuations  in  the  severity  of  jassid 
attack  and  some  of  them  also  have  ascribed  reasons  for  these  varia¬ 
tions.  Peat  (1928)  working  in  Rhodesia  observed  that  the  in¬ 
cidence  of  the  pest  increased  in  the  end  of  March  after  the  rains 
and  then  decreased  with  the  senility  of  the  plants  in  May.  Parnell 
(1934)  noticed  in  South  Africa  that  the  jassid  attack  was  worst 
after  heavy  rains.  Sloan  (1938)  came  to  the  conclusion  that,  in 
Queensland,  a  severe  attack  of  jassids  was  associated  with  cloudy 
weather  and  undue  sappy  growth  of  American  varieties  of  cotton. 
Prentice  (1940)  noticed  that,  in  Tanganyika,  heavy  rains  herald 
the  real  attack  of  jassids.  Peat  (1943)  has  observed  that  the 
jassids  were  unimportant  in  districts  of  Tanganyika  where  rainfall 
was  low  and  that  the  jassid  damage  seemed  to  be  linked  up  with 
wet  years. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  that  the  effect  of  climatic  con¬ 
ditions,  particularly,  that  of  rainfall  on  the  incidence  of  jassid 
attack,  has  been  noticed  by  many  workers  but  no  attempt  appears 
to  have  been  made  to  study  the  correlation  of  these  two  factors. 
It  was,  therefore,  decided  to  find  out  if  there  existed  any  correla¬ 
tion  between  meteorological  factors,  such  as  temperature,  humidity 
and  rainfall  and  the  intensity  of  jassid  attack. 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  129 


The  Data 

The  records  of  jassid  census  are  available  in  the  Cotton  Research 
Laboratory  for  nine  years.  The  method  of  jassid  census  has  been 
previously  dealt  with  in  detail  (Verma  and  Afzal,  1940).  The 
average  jassid  infestation  throughout  the  season  was  calculated  by 
transforming  the  data  to  log  (n  +  l)  (Williams,  1937)  for  one 
variety  (289F/43),  which  was  under  trial  in  all  these  nine  years. 
The  figures  so  obtained  have  been  designated  as  the  “Jassid  index.’’ 
The  average  mean  temperature,  humidity  and  total  rainfall  was 
taken  for  the  jassdi  season,  i.e.,  from  June  1  to  November  1. 
These  data  are  given  in  Table  I. 

TABLE  I 


“Jassid  Index”  and  climatic  conditions 


Year 

“Jassid 

Index” 

Average 

Mean 

T  emperature 

Average 

Relative 

Humidity 

Total 

Rainfall 

1937 

1.8219 

88.8 

53.2 

5.70 

1938 

1.1977 

88.0 

55.2 

5.80 

1939 

1.3086 

89.2 

54.8 

5.60 

1940 

1.7342 

88.6 

58.6 

3.40 

1941 

2.1088 

88.3 

63.8 

12.11 

1942 

1.8274 

86.9 

65.6 

12.04 

1943 

1.9837 

88.1 

63.2 

9.87 

1944 

2.2134 

86.3 

70.2 

10.80 

1945 

2.3741 

87.5 

68.7 

10.87 

The  weakness  in  taking  the  average  figures  of  temperature  and 
humidity  is  realized  as  it  is  within  the  limits  of  possibility  that  an 
unusually  hot  day  may  kill  a  very  large  number  of  jassids.  Such 
an  occurrence,  however,  is  not  a  common  phenomenon  during  the 
period  of  severe  attack  of  the  pest.  The  population  usually  in¬ 
creases  in  the  normal  geometric  ratio.  Again  the  meteorological 
records  are  from  the  Stevenson’s  Screen  and,  therefore,  do  not 
depict  the  microclimate  in  which  the  nymph  lives.  As  a  pre¬ 
liminary  attempt,  however,  at  finding  out  the  association  of  a 
pest  with  climatic  factors,  the  present  study  is  useful. 


Results 

(1)  Average  mean  temperature. 

It  is  quite  evident  from  Table  I  that  there  was  no  apparent 
association  between  “Jassid  Index”  and  the  average  mean  tom- 


130  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLIV 


perature.  This  factor  was,  therefore,  discarded  and  will  not  be 
considered  any  further. 

(2)  Average  relative  humidity  and  total  rainfall. 

The  simple  correlations  between  “Jassid  Index”  and  relative 
humidity  and  rainfall  were  worked  out  and  these  are  given  below : — 
“Jassid  Index”  and  relative  humidity 

r  =  + 0.813978  Highly  significant 
“Jassid  Index”  and  rainfall 

r  =  +  0.685762  Highly  significant 
Both  these  correlations  were  positive  and  statistically  significant 
at  1  percent  level.  This  shows  that  “Jassid  Index”  increased  with 
the  increase  in  humidity  or  rainfall. 

The  multiple  correlation  between  “Jassid  Index,”  relative  hu¬ 
midity  and  rainfall  was  found  to  be  r  =  0.8145,  which  is  again 
statistically  significant  at  1  percent  level.  However,  in  order  to 
work  out  the  real  association  between  “Jassid  Index”  and  humidity 
and  rainfall,  partial  regression  equation  was  fitted  to  the  data. 
This  equation  is  given  below : — 

J.  I.  =  1.172005  +  0.048185  H  +  0.005995  R 
where  J.  I.  =  “Jassid  Index,” 

H  =  Average  relative  humidity,  and 
R  =  Total  rainfall  for  the  jassid  period. 

It  may  be  added  that  partial  correlation  coefficients  were  in¬ 
dividually  non-significant.  These  are,  however,  given  below : — 
Partial  correlation  coefficient  between  “Jassid  Index”  and  hu¬ 
midity  keeping  rainfall  as  constant  =0.603819  Non-significant 
Partial  correlation  coefficient  between  “Jassid  Index”  and  rainfall 
keeping  humidity  as  constant  =0.049785  Non-significant 
This  shows  that  rainfall  or  average  relative  humidity  alone  had 
no  efifect,  but,  as  the  multiple  correlation  was  significant,  both  these 
factors  acting  together  affected  the  “Jassid  Index”  which  may  be 
termed  as  tbe  rate  of  jassid  multiplication. 

The  values  of  “Jassid  Index”  were  calculated  from  the  partial 
regression  equation  given  above,  and  the  calculated  values  along 
with  the  original  values  from  Table  I  are  given  in  Table  II.  These, 
along  with  average  mean  temperature,  average  relative  humidity, 
and  total  rainfall  for  the  jassid  period  have  been  graphically  repre¬ 
sented  in  Figure  1. 


90 

89 

88 

87 

86 

13 

It 

9 

7 

5 

3 

70 

$5 

60 

55 

50 

2.4 

2.2 

2.0 

1.8 

1.6 

1.4 

1.2 

1.0 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  131 


temperature 


RAIN  FALL 


1937  1938  1939  1840  1941  1942  1943  1944  1945 

YEAR 


FIG. I  JASSID  INDEX  AND  CLIMATIC  CONDITIONS 


132  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l .  XLIV 


TABLE  II 

The  observed  and  calculated  values  of  “Jassid  Index” 


Year 

Observed 

Calculated 

1937 

1.8219 

1.4256 

1938 

1.1977 

1.5226 

1939 

1.3086 

1.5021 

1940 

1.7342 

1.6720 

1941 

2.1088 

1.9748 

1942 

1.8274 

2.0611 

1943 

1.9837 

1.9325 

1944 

2.2134 

2.2753 

1945 

2.3741 

2.2035 

will  be 

seen  from  Table  II  and  Figure  1 

that  the  calculated 

and  the  observed  indices  are  in  close  proximity. 

Summary 

An  attempt  has  been  made  to  correlate  the  intensity  of  jassid 
attack  during  1937-1945  with  temperature,  relative  humidity  and 
rainfall.  Average  mean  temperature  did  not  appear  to  influence 
the  incidence  of  jassid  attack  to  any  appreciable  extent.  It  has 
been  shown  that  average  relative  humidity  and  total  rainfall  during 
the  jassid  period  were  the  two  main  factors  which  determined  the 
extent  of  jassid  attack.  High  humidity  and  high  rainfall  acting 
together  were  conducive  to  higher  jassid  attack,  while  individually 
their  effect  was  not  significant.  A  partial  regression  equation  has 
been  worked  out  for  calculating  the  mean  jassid  infestation  for  a 
particular  year  from  the  humidity  and  rainfall  record  of  that  year. 

Acknowledgement 

The  present  study  formed  a  part  of  the  work  on  the  Jassid  In¬ 
vestigation  Scheme  financed  by  the  Indian  Central  Cotton  Com¬ 
mittee. 

References 

Parnell,  F.  A.  1934  Discussion  on  Hargreave’s  paper  “Climatic 
and  soil  factors  in  relation  to  prevalence  of  and  damage  by 
insects.”  Rept.  2nd  Conf.  Cotton  Gr.  Probl.,  125-131. 

Peat,  J.  E.  1928  Report  for  the  season  1927-28,  Cotton  Breed¬ 
ing  Station,  Gatooma.  Rept.  Expt.  Sta.  Emp.  Cotton  Gr. 
Corp.,  116-120. 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  133 


-  1943  Progress  report  for  the  season  1942-43, 

Cotton  Experimental  Station,  Ukiriguru.  Prog.  Rept.  Expt. 
Sta.  Emp.  Cotton  Gr.  Corp.,  111-112. 

Prentice,  A.  N.  1940  Progress  report  for  the  season  1939-40, 
Lubaga  Experimental  Station,  Shinyanga.  Prog.  Rept.  Expt. 
Sta.  Emp.  Cotton  Gr.  Corp.,  104 — 105. 

Sloan,  W.  J.  S.  1938  Cotton  Jassids  or  leaf-hoppers.  Queens¬ 
land  Agri.  J.,  1,  450-455. 

Verma,  P.  M.  and  Afzal,  M.  1940  Studies  on  Cotton  jassid  in 
the  Punjab.  Varietal  susceptibility  and  development  of  the 
pest  on  different  varieties  of  cotton.  Ind.  Jr.  Agri.  Res.,  10, 
911-926. 

Williams,  C.  B.  1937  The  use  of  logarithms  in  the  interpreta¬ 
tion  of  certain  entomological  problems.  Ann.  App.  Biology, 
24,  404-414. 


Back  Issues  of  the  Society’s  Publications.  During  the  past 
year  the  Society’s  stock  of  past  issues  of  the  Bulletin  and  Entomo- 
logica  Americana  has  been  rearranged  so  as  to  facilitate  the  prompt 
handling  of  orders.  All  orders  for  all  publications  MUST  be  sent 
DIRECT  to  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  R.  R.  McElvare, 
Treasurer,  26  Bogart  Avenue,  Port  Washington,  New  York. 


134  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Voi.  xliv 


A  NEW  ANOMALOUS  ACALYPTRATE 
FLY  (DIPTERA). 

By  George  C.  Steysical,  Grosse  lie,  Michigan. 

The  fly  herein  described  has  been  in  the  writer’s  hands  for 
several  years,  during  which  time  an  exhaustive  attempt  was  made  to 
determine  its  relationships,  without,  however,  much  success,  since 
it  belongs  to  a  group  of  families  the  delimitations  of  which  are  ever¬ 
more  becoming  less  distinct.  It  seems  advisable  to  present  at  this 
time  a  description  of  the  unique  specimen  and  to  append  a  discus¬ 
sion  of  its  taxonomy. 

Cinderella  lampra,  n.g.  and  n.sp. 

(Figure  1,  wing;  figure  2,  head) 

Female.  Length  of  body,  1.8  mm.;  length  of  wing,  1.65  mm. 

Shining  black,  slightly  brownish  pruinose  on  mesonotal  disc 
only ;  legs  with  middle  and  hind  knees  and  tarsi  yellow,  the  last 
tarsal  joint  brown,  its  claws  black,  the  pulvilli  white;  antennae  yel¬ 
low,  brown  above  on  third  joint,  arista  yellow  on  basal  fourth  ;  palpi 
black ;  proboscis  piceous ;  wings  hyaline  or  somewhat  whitish,  the 
veins  pallid  yellowish;  calypters  and  their  fringe  white;  halteres 
black,  stem  brown ;  all  bristles  and  hairs  black. 

Head  and  antennae  as  figured,  the  third  antennal  joint  covered 
with  a  fine  pubescence,  the  arista  hare ;  face  carinate  between  the 
antennae  and  protuberant  below,  with  shining  white  pruinose  (to- 
mentose)  areas  as  figured.  Eyes  with  43  rows  of  similar  omma- 
tidia,  counting  from  upper  front  to  lower  hind  margin. 

Thorax  with  one  strong  humeral,  one  sublateral  close  before  the 
suture,  two  notopleural,  two  supra-alar,  two  dorsocentral,  one 
prescutellar  acrostichal,  and  two  scutellars  on  each  side,  the  scutel- 
lars  convergent ;  approximately  eight  rows  of  hairs  between  the 
dorsocentral  lines ;  scutellum  bare  above,  convex ;  pleura  lacking 
propleural,  stigmatal,  or  mesopleural  bristles  or  hairs ;  sternopleura 
with  one  posterior  bristle  and  two  anterior  hairs ;  prosternum  not 
examinable. 

Wings  as  figured,  the  minute  black  costal  spinules  ending  at  two- 
thirds  the  distance  from  third  to  fourth  longitudinal  veins;  calyp¬ 
ters  very  small,  with  sparse,  short  fringe. 

Legs  with  rather  stout  fore  femora  furnished  with  two  or  three 
posterodorsal  bristles  near  middle  and  five  or  six  posteroventral 
bristles  on  apical  half ;  middle  femur  with  one  posterior  preapical 
bristle ;  all  tibiae  with  preapical  dorsal  bristle,  that  of  middle  tibia 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  135 


1.5  times  as  long  as  diameter  of  tibia;  middle  tibia  with  one  ventral, 
one  posterior,  and  two  anterior  apical  spurs ;  posterior  basitarsus 
nearly  twice  as  long  as  succeeding  joint,  scarcely  greater  in  dia¬ 
meter ;  crown  of  spinules  at  tips  of  tarsal  joints  conspicuous;  claws 
and  pulvilli  small ;  fore  coxae  with  a  row  of  three  exterior  bristles. 

Abdomen  ovate,  flat  above,  furnished  with  sparse,  bristly  hairs ; 
the  intermediate  segments  subequal  in  length ;  the  ovipositor  re¬ 
tracted  and  bearing  at  its  tip  a  pair  of  apparently  soft  cerci  about  as 
long  as  second  hind  tarsal  joint ;  tergites  without  definite  transverse 
wrinkle  before  posterior  margin,  turning  well  down  on  under  side 
of  abdomen  ;  sternites  small. 

Holotype,  female,  Ada,  Oklahoma,  July  16,  1937  (Standish- 
Kaiser),  no.  59162  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

The  genus,  the  characteristics  of  which  may  be  gleaned  from  the 
foregoing  description  of  its  sole  known  species,  belongs  with  the 
group  of  forms  included  in  the  families  Sphaeroceratidae  (=  Bor- 
boridae,  Cypselidae,  etc.),  Drosophilidae,  Helomyzidae,  Milichiidae, 
Piophilidae,  and  probably  others.  Its  distinctly  convergent  post- 
ocellars,  strong  preapical  tibial  bristles,  and  the  nature  of  the  sub¬ 
costal  vein  remove  it  from  the  Piophilidae,  and  one  or  another 
character  precludes  its  ready  placement  in  any  one  of  the  other 
groups. 

In  the  Curran  manual  (1934:  24)  Cinderella  runs  to  the  Droso¬ 
philidae,  and  in  Brues  and  Melander  (1932:  345)  it  runs  to  the 
subfamily  Amiotinae  of  the  Drosophilidae.  In  Hendel  ( 1922,  1928, 
1937)  the  genus  runs  to  the  Sphaeroceratidae,  or  if  a  defect  in  the 
key  wherein  but  a  single  costal  break  is  ascribed  to  the  Drosophilidae 
be  disregarded,  to  the  Drosophilidae.  The  shining  black  body  sur¬ 
face  of  Cinderella  is  not  Drosophiline  and  the  outstanding  character 
of  that  group,  the  presence  of  a  proclinate  fronto-orbital  bristle,  is 
lacking. 

The  Sphaeroceratidae  are  generally  characterized  as  having  the 
hind  basitarsus  shorter  and  considerably  greater  in  diameter  than 
the  succeeding  joint.  Aside  from  this  character,  Cinderella  might 
well  go  in  the  Sphaeroceratidae,  in  the  group  that  has  been  called 
Bordoridae  spuriae  by  Duda  (1921)  and  later  given  subfamily  rank 
as  Cypselosominae  by  Hendel  (1931).  The  group,  except  for  the 
dubious  genus  Therina  Meigen,1  lacks  the  second  basal  cell  and  the 

1  Therina  femoralis  Meigen,  Syst.  Beschr.  6:  197,  pi.  62,  fl".  7-0 
(1830),  was  described  without  locality  citation,  and  has  never  been 
recognized.  The  type  is  lost  and  the  name  is  antedated  by  Therina 
Huebner  1826. 


136  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIV 


anal  cell  is  rudimentary.  Therina  disagrees  with  the  present  form 
in  a  number  of  points.  Duda  himself  (1938)  and  Richards  (1930, 
1931)  have  rejected  the  “spuriae”  from  the  Sphaeroceratidae. 

Cinderella  seems  to  have  a  relationship  with  the  austeral  genera 
Notomyza  Malloch  (1933a,  Patagonia)  and  Protoborborus  Mallocli 
(1933b,  New  Zealand).  Its  author  referred  the  latter  genus  to  the 
Sphaeroceratidae,  although  the  hind  basitarsus  is  long  and  slender, 
and  remarked  upon  its  similarity  to  Notomyza,  which  genus,  how¬ 
ever,  he  placed  in  the  Helomyzidae,  defining  that  family  on  a 
broader  basis  than  is  usual.  Our  genus  is  most  similar  to  Noto¬ 
myza,  differing  in  having  two  rather  than  three  dorsocentral  bristles, 
the  fronto-orbital  bristles  reclinate  rather  than  curving  outward 
over  the  eyes,  and  a  nasute  face. 

Bibliography. 

Brues,  C.  T.,  and  A.  L.  Melander.  1932.  Classification  of  in¬ 
sects.  .  .  .  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Harvard  College,  73: 
1-672. 

Curran,  C.  H.  1934.  The  Families  and  Genera  of  North  Ameri¬ 
can  Diptera.  Privately  published,  612  pp. 

Duda,  O.  1921.  Fiebrigella  und  Ar  chib  orb  orus,  zwei  neue  ame- 
rikanische  Borboridengattungen.  .  .  .  Tijds.  Ent.,  64: 
119-146. 

- .  1938.  Fam.  Sphaeroceridae,  in  Lindner,  E.,  Die  Flie- 

gen  der  Pal.  Region,  6  (57). 

Hendel,  F.  1922.  Die  palaarktischen  Muscidae  acalyptratae 
Girsch.  =  Haplostomata  Frey  nach  ihren  Familien  und  Gat- 
tungen.  I.  Die  Familien.  .  .  .  Konowia,  1:  145-160; 

253-265. 

- .  1928.  Die  Tierwelt  Deutschlands,  11  (2). 

- .  1931.  Kritische  und  synonymische  Bemerkungen  iiber 

Dipteren.  .  .  .  Verb.  zool. -hot.  Ges.  Wien,  81  :  4—19. 

1937.  Diptera,  in  Kiikenthal-Krumbach  Handbuch  der 
Zoologie,  4  (2)  :  1729-1998. 

Malloch,  J.  R.  1933a.  Acalyptrata.  .  .  .  Diptera  of  Patagonia 
and  South  Chile  (Brit.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.),  6  (4)  :  177-391, 
pis.  2-7. 

- .  1933b.  An  aberrant  New  Zealand  Borborid.  .  .  . 

Stylops,  2  (2)  :  260-262. 

Richards,  O.  W.  1930.  British  Sphaeroceridae.  .  .  .  Proc. 
Zool.  Soc.  London,  261:345,  pl.l. 

- ,  1931.  Sphaeroceridae  (Borboridae) .  .  .  .  Diptera  of 

Patagonia  and  South  Chile  (Brit.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.),  6  (2)  : 
62-84. 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  137 


Fig.  1  -  Cinderella  lamp  r  a  n.gen.  and  sp.,  wing. 
Fig.  2 -Cinderella  lampra  n.gen.  and  sp.,  head. 


138  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo l-  XLIV 


THE  IDENTITY  OF  TWO  NEARCTIC  SIMULIIDAE 

(DIPTERA) 

By  Alan  Stone,  Washington,  D.  C. 

In  the  course  of  taxonomic  studies  on  the  Nearctic  Simuliidae, 
the  types  of  two  of  the  older  species  have  been  examined  and  have 
been  found  to  agree  with  species  currently  going  under  subsequent 
names.  In  order  that  these  species  may  be  associated  with  their 
prior  names,  the  following  notes  are  offered. 

Simulium  (Neosimulium)  argus  Williston. 

Simulium  argus  Williston,  1893.  North  American  Fauna  7:  253. 
Eusimulium  obtusum  Dyar  and  Shannon,  1927.  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl. 

Mus.  69(10):  15.  (New  synonymy). 

Simulium  kamloopsi  Hearle,  1932.  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Brit.  Columbia. 

29:  12.  (New  synonymy). 

Simulium  hearlei  Twinn,  1938.  Canad.  Ent.  70:  50. 

Coquillett  (1900,  p.  394)  considered  Simulium  argus  Williston 
to  be  a  synonym  of  S.  vittaturn  Zetterstedt.  Since  these  two  known 
species  of  the  subgenus  Neosimulium  in  the  Nearctic  region  are 
scarcely  distinguishable  in  the  female  except  by  an  examination 
of  the  'genital  fork,  this  opinion  is  quite  understandable.  Through 
the  kindness  of  Dr.  R.  H.  Beamer  I  was  loaned  the  type  female  of 
argus  from  the  Entomological  Museum,  University  of  Kansas,  with 
permission  to  prepare  a  dissection  of  the  genitalia.  When  this  was 
done,  it  was  clear  that  argus  closely  agreed  with  the  species  that 
Hearle  described  as  kamloopsi  and  not  with  vittaturn.  Since  argus 
and  vittaturn  occur  together  in  many  parts  of  California  as  well  as 
elsewhere,  specimens  from  the  type  locality  of  argus  may  prove  to 
be  vittaturn,  but  the  single  type  female  is  definitely  not  vittaturn. 

The  type  series  of  Eusimulium  obtusum  Dyar  and  Shannon  con¬ 
sists  of  two  males  collected  at  Redlands,  California,  1914,  by  F.  R. 
Cole,  each  mounted  whole  on  a  slide.  One  of  these,  which  I  here 
designate  as  lectotype,  shows  the  genitalia  clearly  and  it  agrees 
with  the  male  of  kamloopsi.  The  second  is  evidently  Simulium 
( Eusimulium )  aureum  Fries,  although  the  mount  is  not  very 
satisfactory.  It  seems  better  to  sink  obtusum  under  the  more 
certain  of  the  two  species  involved,  even  though  the  subgeneric 
relationship  is  more  remote. 

Simulium  kamloopsi  Hearle  was  described  from  a  holotype  male, 
allotype  female,  and  many  paratypes  with  associated  pupae  collected 


Oct.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  139 


at  Kamloops,  B.  C.  I  have  examined  the  types  in  the  Canadian 
National  Collection  and  find  that  the  species  is  readily  separable 
from  vittatum  by  the  female  genital  fork,  male  genitalia,  and  the 
pupa. 

Simulium  hearlei  Twinn  was  described  from  males  collected  at 
Fort  Duchesne,  Utah.  This  species  was  synonymized  with  kam- 
loopsi  by  Stains  and  Knowlton  (1943,  p.  274),  and  since  this 
synonymy  appears  to  be  quite  correct  it  now  falls  under  argus. 

Simulium  (Simulium)  jenningsi  Malloch 

Simulium  jenningsi  Malloch,  1914.  Bur.  Ent.  Tech.  Ser.  Bui.  26: 

41. 

Simulium  nigroparvmn  Twinn,  1936.  Canad.  Jour.  Res.  14(D)  : 

142.  (New  synonymy). 

The  type  of  Simulium  jenningsi  is  a  female  collected  on  Plum¬ 
mers  Island,  Maryland,  July  8,  1904;  the  allotype,  a  male  collected 
at  the  same  place  June  28,  1902.  Dyar  and  Shannon  (1927,  p.  45) 
treated  this  as  a  synonym  of  venustum  Say,  hut  a  closer  examina¬ 
tion  of  the  material  on  which  Malloch  based  the  species  shows  it  to 
be  different  from  venustum  and  to  agree  with  the  species  that 
Twinn  described  as  nigroparvmn.  It  is  unfortunate  that  Malloch 
selected  a  female  as  the  holotype,  since  this  sex  is  more  difficult 
to  separate  from  venustum  than  the  male  or  pupa.  The  type  does 
show,  however,  black  hairs  on  the  stem  vein,  no  hairs  beneath  on 
the  subcosta,  a  dark  pleural  tuft,  no  recumbent  pale  hairs  on  the 
scutellum,  and  the  genital  fork  with  the  distal  lobes  rounded.  In 
all  these  respects  it  agrees  with  nigroparvmn  and  disagrees  with 
venustum. 

The  allotype  male  shows  genitalia  agreeing  exactly  with  those 
of  nigroparvmn,  and  the  pupae  that  Malloch  mentions  from  Frier¬ 
sons  Mill,  Louisiana,  also  agree  with  that  of  nigroparvmn.  It  is 
quite  evident  that  most  of  the  specimens  that  Malloch  had  when  he 
described  jenningsi  were  not  venustum,  and  there  is  no  reason  to 
doubt  that  the  type  is  the  same  as  nigroparvmn.  For  an  excellent 
treatment  of  this  species  one  should  consult  Underhill  (1944). 

Literature  Cited 

Coquillett,  D.  W.,  1900.  Papers  from  the  Harriman  Alaska  Ex¬ 
pedition  IX.  Entomological  Results  (3)  :  Diptera.  Proc. 
Wash.  Acad.  Sci.  2  :  389-464. 

Dyar,  H.  G.,  and  Shannon,  R.  C.,  1927.  The  North  American 
two-winged  flies  of  the  family  Simuliidae.  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl 
Mus.  69(10)  :  1-54. 


140  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XL1V 


Stains,  G.  S.,  and  Knowlton,  G.  F.,  1943.  A  taxonomic  and  dis¬ 
tributional  study  of  Simuliidae  of  West  United  States.  Ann. 
Ent.  Soc.  Atner.  36(2)  :  259-280. 

Underhill,  G.  W.,  1944.  Blackflies  found  feeding  on  turkeys  in 
Virginia.  ( Simulium  nigroparvum  Twinn  and  Simulium 
slossonae  Dyar  and  Shannon).  Va.  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.,  Tech. 
Bui.  94 :  2-32. 


BOOK  NOTES 

A  Century  of  Entomology  in  the  Pacific  Northwest.  By  Mel¬ 
ville  H.  Hatch,  v  +  43  pp.,  9  photographs.  6x9  ins.,  cloth  bound. 
1949.  University  of  Washington  Press,  Seattle,  Washington. 
(Price,  $1.50) 

This  book  traces  the  principal  events,  names  the  outstanding  men 
and  cites  the  more  important  publications  involved  in  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  entomology  in  the  Pacific  Northwest.  It  concludes  with 
a  survey  of  the  present  status  of  entomology  in  the  area.  The 
hook  is  extremely  well  written  and  should  he  very  useful  to  those 
who  are  interested  in  any  phase  of  entomology  of  the  Northwest  or 
in  any  of  the  persons  associated  with  entomology  in  that  area. 
George  S.  Tulloch,  Merrick,  New  York. 

The  Natural  History  of  Mosquitoes.  By  Marston  Bates.  xv  + 
379  pp.,  9  figures,  14  tables,  16  pages  of  photographs.  1949. 
The  Macmillan  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (Price,  $5.00) 

Dr.  Bates  has  brought  together  an  amazing  amount  of  factual 
material  and  presented  it  in  such  a  way  that  it  is  of  interest  both 
for  the  layman  as  well  as  the  professional  entomologist.  The  first 
portion  of  the  book  is  concerned  with  the  behavior,  physiology  and 
environmental  relations  of  all  stages  of  the  mosquito.  The  second 
portion  deals  with  mosquitoes  in  relation  to  other  organisms  which 
is  of  particular  interest  to  the  medical  entomologist.  The  re¬ 
maining  chapters  are  devoted  to  the  species  problem,  the  classifica¬ 
tion  and  distribution  of  mosquitoes,  techniques  in  mosquito  study 
and  the  strategy  of  mosquito  research.  There  is  an  appendix 
containing  a  systematic  list  of  mosquito  species  (7  pages),  a 
bibliography  of  over  600  titles  (46  pages)  and  an  index  (11  pages). 
George  S.  Tulloch,  Merrick,  New  York. 


BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

BROOKLYN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY 


Vol.  XLIV  December,  1949  No.  5 


A  NEW  GENUS  IN  THE  SUBFAMILY  BLISSINAE 
FROM  MEXICO  AND  A  NEW  NYSIUS  FROM  THE 
NORTH  WEST.  (LYGAEIDAE ;  HEMIPTERA- 
HETEROPTERA) 

By  H.  G.  Barber,  Roselle,  N.  J. 

Praeblissus  n.  gen. 

Head  and  pronotum  anteriorly,  not  pruinose,  shining.  Head 
much  wider  than  long.  Eyes  much  as  in  Blissus.  Ocelli  set  closer 
together  than  in  B.  leucopterus.  Antennae  longer  than  head  and 
pronotum  combined,  second  and  third  segments  equal,  third  dis¬ 
tinctly  clavate.  Pronotum  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long;  anterior 
margin  strongly  concavely  arcuate ;  posterior  margin  truncate  be¬ 
fore  base  of  scutellum  ;  humeral  angles  bluntly  rounded.  Scutellum 
much  wider  than  long.  Corium  dull,  opaque,  not  viterous  as  in 
Blissus.  Clavus  more  widely  expanded  posteriorly  than  in  Blissus; 
commissure  distinctly  longer  than  the  scutellum ;  apical  margin  of 
corium  straight,  not  obtusely  angulated  at  apex  of  clavus  as  in 
Blissus.  Membrane  opaque ;  veins  indistinct.  Connexivum  rather 
widely  exposed,  outer  margin  of  each  segment  gently  rounded,  pilose. 
Intermediate  and  posterior  coxae  widely  separated.  Rostrum 
reaching  to  base  of  venter.  Venter  densely  pilose.  Pterygodi- 
morphic. 

Genotype :  Praeblissus  albopictus  n.  sp. 

Praeblissus  albopictus  n.  sp. 

Head,  anterior  half  of  the  pronotum,  shining  black,  pilose ;  pos¬ 
terior  half  of  pronotum  dull,  velvety  black.  Scutellum  dull  black. 
Corium  fusco-piceous,  with  a  prebasal,  transverse,  irregular  white 
fascia  which  extends  slightly  on  to  the  middle  point  of  the  clavus, 
the  apex  of  which  is  narrowly  white.  Membrane  fusco-piceous. 

141 


142  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vul-  XLIV 


dull,  opaque,  with  an  irregular  transverse  basal  white  facia,  some¬ 
what  expanded  toward  the  inner  angle ;  apex  narrowly,  trans¬ 
versely,  white.  Connexivum  black,  anterior  half  of  each  segment 
dull,  posterior  half  densely  covered  with  silvery  white  hairs.  Be¬ 
neath  piceous.  Legs  shining,  fusco-piceous,  trochanters,  apices  of 
femora  and  tibia  as  well  as  the  tarsi,  pale  yellow  testaceous.  Ros¬ 
trum  fusco-testaceous.  Antennae  fusco-piceous,  with  incisures 
narrowly  white. 

Head  one  third  wider  than  long  (30x20),  finely  sparsely 
punctate,  sparsely  pilose.  Eyes  prominent.  Ocelli  three  times  as 
far  apart  as  each  is  removed  from  an  eye.  Antennae  with  terminal 
segment  one  and  a  half  times  longer  than  the  third.  Pronotum 
sparsely  long  pilose,  coarsely  punctate  on  the  anterior  half,  pos¬ 
terior  half  finely,  sparsely  punctate,  not  quite  twice  as  wide  as  long 
(55  x30).  Scutellum  dull,  much  wider  than  long  (28x16), 
rather  coarsely  punctate  on  either  side,  longitudinally  smooth 
through  the  center.  Corium  dull,  oqaque,  not  vitrous;  apical 
margin  straight,  not  obtusely  angulated  at  apex  of  clavus,  as  in 
Blissus;  clavus  widely  expanded  posteriorly,  commissure  distinctly 
longer  than  the  scutellum.  Membrane  in  the  nracropterous  form 
attaining  apex  of  abdomen,  its  length  through  the  middle  slightly 
longer  than  the  costal  margin  of  corium.  Connexivum  rather 
widely  exposed,  pilose,  each  segment  depressed  in  the  center,  outer 
margin  of  each  segment  gently  rounded.  Length  3.50  mm. 

Type  macropterous  female;  (U.S.  Natl.  Mus.  type,  number 
59311)  Pueblo,  Mexico,  intercepted  by  T.  P.  Chapman,  Inspector 
for  Division  of  Foreign  Plant  Quarantine,  Bureau  of  Entomology 
and  Plant  Quarantine,  at  Laredo,  Texas  on  orchids  (Chrysis), 
July  29,  1948.  6  paratypes  with  the  same  data  as  the  type:  1 

female  (macropterous),  1  female  (brachypterous) ,  4  males  (bra- 
chypterous).  In  addition  there  are  12  nymphs  representing  three 
instars.  (All  in  the  collection  of  the  U.S.  Natl.  Mus.) 

In  the  brachypterous  male  the  commissural  margins  behind  the 
scutellum  are  widely  separated  and  the  inner  margins  of  the  mem¬ 
brane  almost  in  contact,  the  apical  margin  of  which  is  evenly 
rounded  and  extended  to  about  the  middle  of  the  tergum. 

Praehlissus  is  closely  related  to  Blissus  from  which  it  dififers  most 
markedly  in  the  coleopteroid  like  character  of  the  surface  of  the 
pronotum,  opaque  hemelytra  and  membrane,  longer  claval  com¬ 
missure  and  straight  posterior  margin  of  the  corium. 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  143 


^  cM 

Explanation  of  Plate  XIII 


1.  Dorsal  view  of  female  (macropterous) . 

2.  “  “  “  male  (brachypterous). 

Illustrations  by  Miss  Addie  Egbert,  Division  of  Insect  Identifica¬ 
tion,  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  Plant  Quarantine. 


144  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vo1-  XLiv 


Nysius  paludicola  n.  sp. 

General  color  griseus.  Intra-orbital  fascia,  pronotal  cicatrices, 
scutellum  except  extreme  apex,  ventral  surfaces  for  the  most  part, 
genital  segment  of  the  male,  a  few  inconspicous  spots  on  the  veins 
of  coriuin  and  three  on  the  posterior  margin,  fuscous.  Membrane 
hyaline,  faintly  spotted  through  the  center.  Antennae  with  the 
basal  and  terminal  segments  fuscous,  second  and  third  ferruginous. 
Femora  heavily  mottled  with  fuscous. 

Head  one  fifth  wider  than  long  (50  x  40)  ;  eyes  large,  protruding. 
Bucculae  a  little  higher  in  front,  gradually  narrowing  posteriorly, 
ending  abruptly  just  before  base  of  head.  Antennae  three  times  as 
long  as  head,  second  segment  over  twice  as  long  as  basal,  lengths  of 
segments  are  18:40:30:  32.  Pronotum  subequally  as  long  as  the 
head  and  a  little  wider  (50x60),  and  one  third  wider  than  long 
(60x40),  dorsum  rather  flat,  lateral  margins  very  gradually  con¬ 
verging  anteriorly,  nearly  straight,  lightly  constricted  midway ; 
cicatrices  meeting  in  the  center,  disk  coarsely  punctate  behind  the 
cicatrices.  Scutellum  nearly  one  fourth  wider  than  long  (38  x  30), 
coarsely  punctate  at  base  and  on  either  side  of  the  median  carina. 
Surface  of  the  coriuin  very  sparsely  if  at  all  pilose,  costal  margin  just 
over  two  and  one  half  times  as  long  as  the  pronotum,  contracted 
basal  part  equal  to  the  length  of  scutellum,  rather  more  flaring,  pos¬ 
teriorly  in  the  female.  Membrane  extending  a  little  beyond  the 
apex  of  the  abdomen.  Length  5.30  mm. 

Type  male,  Shaw  Is.,  San  Juan  Co.,  Wash.,  in  salt  marsh;  July 
28,  1926  (Worly).  Paratypes;  4  males  and  2  females  with  the 
same  data  as  the  type;  1  male,  San  Juan  Is.,  Carter  Point  near 
Friday  Harbor,  Wash.,  July  23,  1944  (R.  I.  Shenfelt),  swept  from 
Salicornia  sp?;  one  male  Jasper,  Alberta,  Canada,  Aug.  8  (C.  T. 
Parson)  ;  all  in  the  authors  collection.  The  San  Juan  Is.  specimens 
were  sent  to  the  author  for  identification  by  Professor  M.  T.  James, 
State  College,  Pullman,  Wash,  and  two  paratypes  were  returned 
for  the  collection. 

N.  paludicola  is  closely  related  to  angustatus  Uhler.  Besides 
its  much  larger  size  it  is  distinguished  by  the  longer  antennae, 
longer  bucculae  which  do  not  quite  reach  to  base  of  head,  contracted 
basal  part  of  the  costal  margin  equalling  the  length  of  the  unicolor- 
ous  scutellum. 

From  the  foregoing  data  it  is  apparent  that  this  species  lives 
is  salt  marshes,  feeding  on  the  common  salt  marsh  plant,  Salicornia. 


Bee.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  145 


STUDIES  ON  THE  COTTON  JASSID  (EMPOASCA 
DEVASTANS  DIST.)  IN  THE  PUNJAB:  IX.  A  CON¬ 
SIDERATION  OF  THE  LIGHT  TRAP  COLLECTIONS. 

By  M.  A.  Ghani  and  Mohammad  Afzal 
Cotton  Research  Laboratory,  Lyallpur,  Pakistan. 

Introduction 

A  very  large  number  of  species  of  insects  are  known  to  be  posi¬ 
tively  phototropic.  The  economic  entomologists  have  taken  ad¬ 
vantage  of  this  peculiarity  of  these  insects  and  have  recommended 
light  traps  as  a  measure  of  control  against  some  very  serious  crop 
pests.  It  is  very  unfortunate  that  no  serious  attempt  seems  to  have 
been  made  in  the  subcontinent  of  India  to  study  the  phototropic 
response  of  the  family  Jassidae,  particularly  that  of  cotton  jassicl 
(Empoasca  devastans  Dist.),  which  is  one  of  the  major  pests  of 
cotton.  The  fact  that  no  effective  method  of  control  of  this  pest 
is  known  at  present,  makes  this  study  even  more  essential.  To 
study  this  aspect  of  the  behaviour  of  this  important  group  of  in¬ 
sects,  and  to  explore  the  possibilities  of  its  being  used  as  a  means 
of  control,  a  preliminary  attempt  was  made  to  collect  jassids  by 
means  of  a  light  trap. 


Material  and  Method 

A  strong  light  trap  with  100  candle  power  filament  electric  lamp 
emitting  white  light,  at  a  height  of  4  feet  from  ground  level,  was 
put  up  once  a  week,  in  an  open  place  near  the  cotton  fields  (5  feet 
from  the  nearest  field)  at  Lyallpur,  from  the  middle  of  June,  1943 
to  the  middle  of  June,  1944.  The  light  trap  was  operated  from 
dusk  to  dawn.  All  the  insects  collected  were  killed  next  morning 
by  fumigation  with  carbon  bisulphide.  The  jassids  were  then 
sorted  out  from  the  rest  of  the  insects  and  counted.  The  total 
number  of  jassids  collected,  the  percentage  of  E.  devastans  in  the 
collection,  and  the  percentage  of  females  in  the  latter  group,  were 
worked  out.  These  data  are  given  in  Table  I. 

It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  in  this  study  a  100  candle  power 
lamp  was  used  only  as  a  source  of  “strong”  white  light.  It  might 
perhaps  have  been  more  desirable  to  first  carry  out  experiments 
with  lights  of  varying  intensities  and  different  wave-lengths  to  find 
out  the  most  effective  light.  It  was,  however,  decided  that  for  the 
preliminary  study  a  100  candle  power  white  light  would  serve  the 
purpose. 


146  Bulletin 

of  the 

Brooklyn  Entomological 

Society 

voi.  XLir 

TAB 

LE  I 

Date 

Total 

Jassids 

°/c  of  E. 
devastans 

%  females 

devastans 

•  V 

.  £  H 

S 

Av.  Rel. 

Humidity 

15.  6.43 

1048 

5.3 

85.5 

71.3 

53.5 

22.  6.43 

565 

11.3 

79.0 

81.1 

50.1 

29.  6.43 

663 

15.2 

78.4 

88.0 

53.9 

6.  7.43 

718 

7.1 

78.4 

84.1 

52.9 

13.  7.43 

1545 

1.9 

96.7 

73.4 

66.1 

20.  7.43 

1 185 

3.5 

73.0 

79.9 

76.0 

27.  7.43 

628 

4.6 

72.4 

79.1 

80.1 

3.  8.43 

3007 

4.5 

88.9 

83.0 

77.5 

10.  8.43 

764 

10.3 

85.7 

81.9 

82.6 

17.  8.43 

6149 

52.1 

82.7 

83.1 

66.9 

24.  8.43 

691 

36.9 

66.4 

82.1 

65.9 

31.  8.43 

1897 

21.1 

71.3 

79.3 

66.7 

16.  9.43 1 

270 

17.4 

67.6 

84.1 

66.3 

22.  9.43 

1112 

17.4 

67.6 

81.9 

67.3 

29.  9.43 

49 

22.5 

45.5 

66.1 

56.3 

6.10.43 

14 

7.1 

65.1 

54.6 

13.10.43 

3 

61.1 

58.0 

20.10.43 

1 

58.7 

56.0 

27.10.43 

8 

54.4 

59.7 

4.11.43 

0 

57.1 

66.6 

10.11.43 

1 

52.8 

72.7 

17.11.43 

4 

49.1 

69.9 

7.  4.442 

20 

58.1 

81.1 

21.  4.44 

524 

0.4 

72.9 

48.6 

25.  4.44 

146 

0.7 

75.1 

51.3 

3.  5.44 

474 

0.2 

70.1 

38.4 

10.  5.44 

28 

73.1 

38.1 

17.  5.44 

1084 

0.6 

71.4 

72.4 

51.6 

25.  5.44 

334 

1.2 

75.0 

76.1 

35.6 

2.  6.44 

179 

5.0 

55.6 

75.1 

31.8 

7.  6.44 

153 

5.9 

77.8 

77.1 

47.4 

14.  6.44 

353 

3.4 

75.0 

76.3 

53.4 

1  Light  trap  was  not  set  up  on  7.9.43. 

-  No  jassids  were  collected  in  the  trap  between  24.11.43  and 
29.3.44.  Minimum  temperature  varied  between  38.1  and  55.1. 
Average  relative  humidity  between  72  and  96.3. 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  147 


Discussion  of  Data 

( 1 )  Period  of  jassid  activity. 

The  figures  in  Table  I  are  in  conformity  with  the  previous  ex¬ 
perience  (Afzal  and  Ghani,  1945)  at  Lyallpur  that  jassid  attack 
starts  early  in  June,  is  at  its  highest  in  August,  and  then  declines 
rapidly.  There  are  very  few  jassids  on  the  cotton  plants  by  the 
end  of  September.  During  tbe  rest  of  the  period  very  few  speci¬ 
mens  or  none  at  all  were  attracted  to  the  light  trap.  It  is,  however, 
known  that  jassids  overwinter  in  the  adult  stage,  but  the  number 
of  insects  which  survive  the  cold  weather  must  be  very  small  and 
these  also  remain  very  inactive  and  concealed  in  places  of  shelter. 
Low  population  and  inactivity  of  the  insects  are  the  two  probable 
causes  of  small  or  no  catches  during  the  cold  weather. 

(2)  Proportion  of  E.  devastans  in  different  catches. 

E.  devastans  formed  a  fair  proportion  of  the  total  catch  through¬ 
out  the  year.  The  period  of  activity  of  this  pest,  as  shown  by  the 
catches,  coincides  with  that  of  the  rest  of  the  members  of  this  family. 
It  was  attracted  to  light  from  the  third  week  of  April  up  to  the 
first  week  of  October,  and  during  the  rest  of  the  period  not  a  single 
specimen  could  be  collected.  It  formed  the  highest  percentage, 
17.4  to  52.1,  from  the  middle  of  August  to  the  end  of  September. 
Thus,  although  no  attempt  was  made  to  determine  the  proportion 
of  the  daily  catches  to  the  total  population  of  the  insect,  the  num¬ 
bers  caught  on  the  light  trap  lead  one  to  conclude  that,  during  the 
season  when  this  pest  is  most  active  on  the  cotton  plant,  the  light 
trap  offers  a  fairly  effective  means  of  attracting  it  away.  The 
utility  of  light  trap  would,  of  course,  be  increased  manifold  if  it 
were  placed  inside  the  cotton  fields. 

(3)  Proportion  of  sexes  in  E.  devastans  collections. 

It  is  very  interesting  to  note  that  the  number  of  females  of  E. 
devastans  attracted  to  light  trap  in  various  catches  was  preponder- 
ately  high  throughout  the  year.  The  proportion  of  the  two  sexes  in 
the  field  is  almost  50 :  50,  but  the  fact  that  by  far  the  largest  num¬ 
ber  of  females  was  attracted  to  the  light  trap,  makes  this  method 
a  fairly  useful  and  effective  measure  of  control.  This  is  quite  con¬ 
trary  to  the  experience  of  Wheeler  ( 1937)  in  the  United  States,  who 
records  that  the  males  of  Empoasca  spp.  ( E .  fahae  Harr.,  E.  cri- 
gcron  De  Long,  E.  pergandi  Gill,  and  E.  solatia  De  Long)  far  out¬ 
numbered  the  females  in  her  light  collections,  though  in  the  fields 
the  proportion  of  sexes  was  quite  the  reverse.  This  difference 
may  be  due  either  to  different  species  or  different  environmental 
conditions,  or  both. 


148  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  ^ol.  XLli 


(4)  Wave  length  of  the  light  trap. 

The  phototropic  response  of  E.  devastans  has  not,  so  far  as  we 
are  aware,  been  studied  in  detail  before,  and  the  present  work  lias 
opened  up  a  line  of  research  which  may  he  followed  up.  We  have, 
for  example,  studied  the  reaction  of  the  insect  to  white  light  only, 
but  it  is  quite  possible,  as  has  been  found  in  the  case  of  Aleurodidae, 
by  Deshpande  (1936)  in  India,  and  other  insects  by  Burks  and 
Ross  (1938),  Marshall  and  Henton  (1938)  in  the  United  States, 
that  lights  of  different  wave  lengths  may  have  markedly  different 
attractive  capacities. 

(5)  Influence  of  zveather  condition  on  the  size  of  the  catch. 

The  number  of  jassids  collected  on  different  nights  at  the  light 

trap  is  very  fluctuating.  The  reason  for  these  variations  appears 
to  lie  in  the  weather  conditions  prevailing  during  the  period  of 
study.  Williams  ( 1936)  noticed  that  larger  catches  of  nocturnal 
insects  were  obtained  in  Britain  during  dark  and  cloudy  nights, 
the  cloudy  nights  being  associated  with  warmer  conditions.  Car- 
ruth  and  Kerr  (1937)  have  observed  in  the  United  States  that 
the  light  trap  collections  were  appreciably  influenced  by  night  tem¬ 
peratures,  and  that  the  collection  fell  considerably  when  the  mini¬ 
mum  temperature  sank  below  60°  F.  Afzal  Husain  et  al  (1934) 
studied  the  phototropic  response  of  Platycdra  gossypiella  Saund. 
in  the  Punjab  and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  it  depended  largely 
on  temperature.  They  also  found  that  moonlight  affected  the 
phototropic  activity  adversely.  Sorensen  (1939)  found  that  Lygus 
lies  perns  Knight  and  Lygus  elisus  Van  Duzee  were  attracted  to 
light  only  on  warm  cloudy  nights.  Leach  and  Mullin  (1942)  have 
recorded  that  distinct  peaks  of  activity  of  aster  leafhoppers,  as 
judged  by  the  light  trap  collections,  occurred  during  periods  of 
successive  warm  nights. 

In  order  to  elucidate  the  effect  of  weather  conditions  on  the 
number  of  jassids  caught,  the  minimum  temperature  and  the  aver¬ 
age  relative  humidity  are  shown  against  weekly  catches  in  Table 
I.  Very  few  figures  of  rainfall  were  available,  and  as  the  relative 
humidity  is  conditioned  by  the  rainfall,  the  latter  factor  only  was 
taken  into  consideration.  It  may  be  mentioned  that  in  the  absence 
of  self-recording  meteorological  instruments  no  continuous  records 
of  temperature  or  humidity  were  available.  The  figures  given  in 
Table  I  are  the  routine  figures  available  from  the  Pakistan  Meteoro¬ 
logical  Department.  The  minimum  temperature  is  the  lowest 
temperature  reached  at  any  time  during  the  night.  The  figures 
of  humidity  indicate  the  average  relative  humidity  of  the  previous 
week. 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  149 


To  assess  the  effect  of  temperature  and  humidity  on  the  size  of 
the  catch,  the  figures  of  weekly  catches  in  Table  I  were  smoothed 
out  by  taking  log  (n+  1)  and  their  correlations  worked  out. 

(a)  Effect  of  temperature  and  humidity  on  catches.  It  will  be 
seen  from  Table  I  that  very  few  insects  were  attracted  to  light  when 
the  minimum  temperature  fell  below  70°  F.,  and  none  at  all  when 
it  sank  below  52°  F.  The  largest  catches  were  obtained  when  it 
ranged  from  72°  to  88°  F.  The  simple  correlation  between  catches 
and  minimum  temperature  was  worked  out  as  follows : 

Light  trap  catches  and  minimum  temperature 

r  =  +  0.9328  Highly  significant 

The  correlation  was  significant  up  to  one  percent  level  and  was 
a  positive  one,  showing  thereby  that  the  number  of  insects  col¬ 
lected  was  greatly  influenced  by  the  temperature,  and  it  increased 
with  the  increase  in  minimum  temperature. 

The  simple  correlation  between  catches  and  relative  humidity 
was  as  follows : 

Light  trap  catches  and  relative  humidity 

r  =  -  0.5482  Highly  significant 

The  correlation  in  this  case  also  was  significant  up  to  one  per¬ 
cent  level,  but  was  a  negative  one,  showing  thereby  that  the  num¬ 
ber  of  insects  attracted  was  also  influenced  by  the  relative  humidity  ; 
it  increased  as  the  humidity  fell,  and  vice  versa. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  that  both  these  correlations 
were  highly  significant,  but  an  integrated  effect  of  both  these  fac¬ 
tors  on  the  catches  can  only  be  found  out  by  working  out  the  partial 
correlations,  as  it  is  only  then  that  the  actual  effect  of  each  factor 
can  be  accurately  assessed.  The  partial  correlations  were  worked 
out  and  are  given  below : 

Partial  correlation  coefficient  between  catches  and  relative  hu¬ 
midity  keeping  minimum  temperature  as  constant 

=  0.1122  Non-significant 

Partial  correlation  coefficient  between  catches  and  minimum 

temperature  keeping  relative  humidity  as  constant 

=  0.9037  Highly  significant 

It  will  be  noticed  from  above  that  the  partial  correlation  coef¬ 
ficient  between  catches  and  humidity  was  non-significant,  while  it 
was  significant  at  one  percent  level  between  catches  and  minimum 
temperature.  This  shows  that  humidity  played  very  little  part, 
and  size  of  the  catches  on  different  nights  was  mainly  influenced 
by  minimum  temperature.  This  finding  is  very  interesting,  as  the 


150  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  VoL  XLIV 


total  number  of  jassids,  as  well  as  of  other  insects,  falls  down  con¬ 
siderably  during  the  winter  months.  Thus  when  temperature  goes 
down,  the  number  of  insects,  as  well  as  their  activity,  also  declines. 

(b)  Effect  of  moonlight  on  catches.  It  is  very  difficult  to  sepa¬ 
rate  the  effect  of  moonlight  from  various  other  factors  which  in¬ 
fluenced  the  size  of  the  catch,  as  by  the  time  the  opposite  phase  of 
the  moon  appeared  the  weather  conditions  were  changed  to  a 
considerable  extent.  Moreover,  the  observations  were  taken  at 
weekly  intervals.  During  this  period  both  the  phase  of  the  moon 
and  weather  conditions  changed  and  thus  it  became  difficult  to 
assess  the  effect  of  the  two  separately. 

Summary 

The  phototropic  response  of  family  Jassidae,  with  special  refer¬ 
ence  to  cotton  jassid,  was  studied  for  a  complete  year  at  Lyallpur. 
A  light  trap  with  100  candle  power  lamp  was  put  up  once  a  week 
from  dusk  to  dawn.  The  total  number  of  jassids,  the  proportion 
of  E.  devastans,  and  the  proportion  of  females  in  the  E.  devastans 
collections,  were  worked  out  from  the  weekly  collections. 

It  was  seen  that  jassids  were  attracted  to  light  from  the  end  of 
April  to  the  end  of  September.  The  percentage  of  E.  devastans 
was  highest  in  catches  from  the  middle  of  August  to  the  middle  of 
September.  The  percentage  of  females  in  the  E.  devastans  collec¬ 
tions  was  preponderate^  high  throughout  the  course  of  the  year. 

An  attempt  was  made  to  study  the  influence  of  weather  condi¬ 
tions  on  the  catches.  It  was  seen  that  largest  number  of  jassids 
were  collected  when  the  minimum  temperature  ranged  from  72° 
to  88°  F.  This  showed  that  jassids  preferred  warm  nights  for 
their  nocturnal  activities. 

The  correlation  coefficient  between  catches  and  minimum  tem¬ 
perature  was  positive  and  highly  significant  (+0.9328),  while  it 
was  negative  and  highly  significant  between  catches  and  relative 
humidity  (-0.54S2).  The  partial  correlation  coefficient  was  sig¬ 
nificant  in  the  case  of  catches  and  minimum  temperature  (0.9037), 
while  it  was  non-significant  in  the  case  of  catches  and  relative  hu¬ 
midity.  This  showed  that  the  size  of  the  catch  on  different  nights 
was  mainly  dependent  upon  minimum  temperature  and  that  the 
humidity  had  very  little  influence  over  it.  It  was,  however,  not 
possible  to  separate  the  effect  of  moonlight  on  the  size  of  the  catch, 
from  the  various  other  factors  that  influenced  it. 


Bee.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  151 


References 

Afzal,  M.  and  Ghani,  M.  A.  1945  Final  report  of  the  Jassid 
Research  Scheme.  (Unpublished)  Ind.  Cent.  Cott.  Commit¬ 
tee,  Bombay. 

Afzal,  Husain  M.,  Khan,  Haroon  and  Ram,  G.  1934  Studies 
on  Platyedra  gossypiella  Saund.  The  pink  bollworm  of  cotton 
in  the  Punjab.  Pt.  III.  Phototropic  response  of  P.  gossy- 
piella.  Ind.  J.  Agric.  Sci.,  4:  261-289. 

Burks,  B.  B.  and  Ross,  H.  H.  1938  An  economical  portable 
light  trap  for  collecting  nocturnal  insects.  J.  Econ.  Ent.,  31  : 
316-318. 

Carruth,  L.  A.  and  Kerr,  T.  W.,  Jr.  1937  Reaction  of  corn 
earworm  moth  and  other  insects  to  light  traps,  j.  Econ.  Ent., 
30:  257-305. 

Deshpande,  V.  G.  1936  Miscellaneous  observations  on  the  bi¬ 
ology  of  Aleurodidae  ( Aleurodes  brassicae) .  J.  Bombay  Nat. 
Hist.  Soc.,  39:  190-193. 

Leach,  J.  G.  and  Mullin,  J.  R.  1942  The  daily  flight  of  aster 
leaf  hoppers  as  determined  by  a  light  trap.  Proc.  W.  Va. 
Acad.  Sci.,  15:  93-95. 

Marshall,  G.  E.  and  Henton,  T.  E.  1938  The  kind  of  radiation 
most  attractive  to  the  codling  moth.  J.  Econ.  Ent.,  31:  360- 
366. 

Sorensen,  C.  J.  1939  Lygus  hespems  Knight  and  L.  elisus  Van 
Duzee  in  relation  to  alfalfa  seed  production.  Utah  Agric. 
Expt.  Sta.,  Bull.  284 :  1-16. 

Wheeler,  N.  H.  1937  Light  trap  studies  on  leaf  hoppers  belong¬ 
ing  to  the  genus  Ernpoasca  (Homoptera:  Cicadellidae),  with 
the  description  of  two  new  species.  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash., 
39:  141-156. 

Williams,  C.  B.  1936  The  influence  of  moonlight  on  the  activity 
of  certain  nocturnal  insects,  particularly  of  the  family  Noc- 
tuidae,  as  indicated  by  a  light  trap.  Philos,  Trans.  (B),  226: 
357-389. 

-  1937  The  use  of  logarithms  in  the  interpretation  of 

certain  entomological  problems.  Ann.  App.  Biology,  24:  404— 
414. 


152  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Vol.  XLIV 


NEW  OR  INSUFFICIENTLY-KNOWN  CRANE-FLIES 
FROM  THE  NEARCTIC  REGION  (DIPTERA, 
TIPULIDAE).  PART  XI.1 

By  C.  P.  Alexander,  Amherst,  Mass. 

The  preceding  part  of  this  series  of  papers  was  published  in  1949 
(Bull.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  44:  98-104).  The  crane-flies  discussed 
herewith  are  from  Oregon  where  most  of  the  species  were  taken  by 
Mr.  Kenneth  M.  Fender,  who  has  added  vastly  to  our  knowledge 
of  the  insect  fauna  of  the  state.  Acknowledgements  to  collectors  of 
other  material  are  made  in  connection  with  the  various  species  con¬ 
cerned.  The  types  of  the  novelties  are  preserved  in  my  personal 
collection  through  the  appreciated  kindness  of  the  collectors.  A 
detailed  report  on  the  crane-flies  of  Oregon  has  been  completed  and 
should  appear  in  press  in  due  course.  This  list  now  embraces  some 
315  species  of  Tipuloidea  and  is  one  of  the  four  largest  state  lists 
as  known  to  this  date. 

Tipula  (Lunatipula)  siskiyouensis  n.  sp. 

General  coloration  gray,  the  praescutum  with  four  brown  stripes 
the  intermediate  pair  widely  separated ;  antennae  with  scape  and 
pedicel  light  yellow,  flagellum  brownish  black ;  vertex  with  a  cen¬ 
tral  brown  line;  femora  weakly  darkened,  the  tips  brown;  wings 
with  a  weak  brownish  gray  tinge,  very  vaguely  patterned  with 
brown;  obliterative  hand  before  cord  relatively  conspicuous;  ab¬ 
domen  yellow,  both  tergites  and  sternites  conspicuously  trivittate 
with  brown,  the  median  stripe  broader  and  virtually  continuous; 
male  hypopygium  with  the  caudal  border  of  tergite  produced  into 
four  lobes,  the  lateral  pair  long  and  slender,  the  intermediate  ones 
shorter ;  inner  dististyle  complex,  the  beak  very  slender,  the  outer 
basal  lobe  a  long  flattened  blade  that  is  dilated  on  the  basal  half, 
thence  narrowed  into  a  long  slender  apical  portion ;  eighth  sternite 
bearing  two  flattened  lobes  that  are  provided  with  a  brush  of  un¬ 
usually  long  yellow  setae,  these  roughened  by  small  lateral  hairlike 
projections. 

Male. — Length  about  15  mm.;  wing  14.5  mm.;  antenna  about 
4.5  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  infuscated,  weakly  pruinose  above, 
more  obscure  yellow  on  sides,  relatively  long,  subequal  in  length  to 

1  Contribution  from  the  Department  of  Entomology,  University 
of  Massachusetts. 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  153 


the  remainder  of  head ;  nasus  elongate ;  palpi  dark  brown.  An¬ 
tennae  (male)  of  moderate  length,  as  shown  by  the  measurements; 
scape  and  pedicel  light  yellow,  flagellum  brownish  black ;  flagellar 
segments  only  moderately  incised,  subequal  in  length  to  the  longest 
verticils.  Head  light  gray,  the  vertex  with  a  brown  central  line. 

Pronotum  gray,  variegated  with  brown.  Mesonotal  praescutum 
gray,  with  four  brown  stripes,  the  intermediate  pair  separated  by 
a  ground  vitta  that  is  about  two-thirds  as  wide ;  lateral  stripes 
slightly  broader  than  the  intermediates ;  posterior  sclerites  of  notum 
gray,  each  scutal  lobe  with  two  confluent  brown  marks ;  a  brown 
depression  at  base  of  scutellum  on  either  side ;  mediotergite  with  a 
blackish  area  on  either  side  on  cephalic  half.  Pleura  and  pleuro- 
tergite  clear  gray ;  dorsopleural  region  more  bufify.  Halteres 
broken.  Legs  with  the  coxae  light  gray ;  trochanters  yellow ; 
femora  obscure  yellow  basally,  more  infuscated  beyond,  the  tips 
brown;  tibiae  brown,  the  tips  more  narrowly  darkened;  tarsi  dark- 
brown;  claws  (male)  toothed.  Wings  with  a  weak  brownish  gray 
tinge,  very  vaguely  patterned,  including  the  medium  brown  stigma 
and  very  small  clouds  over  the  origin  of  Rs  and  the  anterior  cord ; 
obliterative  band  before  cord  relatively  conspicuous,  extending  into 
base  of  cell  M3;  no  distinct  post-stigmal  brightening;  space  above 
stigma  more  yellowed;  veins  brown.  Venation:  Rs  about  three 
times  R2+s  ;  Ri+ 2  entire ;  petiole  of  cell  M,  shorter  than  m ;  M3+i  sub¬ 
equal  to  or  shorter  than  basal  section  of  M 1+2. 

Abdomen  yellow,  both  the  tergites  and  sternites  conspicuously 
trivittate  with  brown,  the  median  stripe  broader  and  virtually  con¬ 
tinuous  ;  hypopygium  relatively  large,  brownish  yellow  to  weakly 
infuscated.  Male  hypopygium  with  the  ninth  tergite  large,  trans¬ 
verse  ;  caudal  border  with  four  lobes,  the  sublateral  or  outer  pair 
appearing  as  a  long  slender  rod,  the  tip  obtuse,  blackened;  inter¬ 
mediate  lobes  much  shorter,  blackened,  their  tips  obtuse;  margin 
between  the  lobes  produced  into  a  low  pale  triangular  blade  on  either 
side  of  the  midline.  Outer  dististyle  an  unusually  small  pale  blade, 
flattened  and  moderately  elongate,  the  upper  edge  with  three  black 
setae,  the  remainder  of  surface  glabrous.  Inner  dististyle  of  pecu¬ 
liar  conformation;  what  seems  to  represent  the  normal  beak  is 
slender,  straight,  subtended  above  by  a  pale  membranous  dorsal 
crest;  posterior  portion  of  main  body  of  style  produced  into  a  flat¬ 
tened  blade  that  is  unequally  bispinous,  the  upper  arm  a  strong  erect 
spine,  the  lower  one  a  small  triangular  point ;  outer  basal  lobe  very 
conspicuous,  appearing  as  a  flattened  blade  that  is  longer  than  the 
remainder  of  style,  dilated  on  basal  half  and  here  provided  with 


154  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l.  XLIV 


numerous  long  pale  setae,  thence  narrowed  into  a  more  slender 
apical  portion,  the  whole  bent  forwards  over  the  main  body  of  style. 
Gonapophyses  paired,  each  half  terminating  in  a  long  decurved 
point.  Eighth  sternite  bearing  a  flattened  lobe  or  blade  on  either 
side  of  midline,  each  hearing  a  brush  or  tuft  of  very  long  yellow 
setae  that  are  very  conspicuously  roughened  by  lateral  hairlike 
projections  to  produce  an  unusually  fuzzy  appearance. 

Habitat:  Oregon  (Josephine  County). 

Holotype:  <J\  O’Brien,  Siskiyou  National  Forest,  altitude  1475 
feet,  along  roadside,  March  24,  1940  (R.  L.  Post,  Zelna  Maris  and 
Marshall  Ross). 

This  distinct  fly  seems  to  be  most  nearly  allied  to  species  such  as 
Tipula  ( Lnnatipula )  diabolica  Alexander  and  T.  (L.)  perfidiosa 
Alexander,  differing  most  evidently  in  the  very  peculiar  structure 
of  the  male  hypopygium.  I  am  indebted  to  Professor  Post  for  this 
and  other  rare  and  interesting  Tipulidae  from  Oregon. 

Limonia  (Dicranomyia)  inhabilis  n.  sp. 

Mesonotum  chiefly  brownish  yellow,  very  sparsely  pruinose ; 
antennae  brown  throughout ;  halteres  short ;  legs  pale  brown,  the 
outer  tarsal  segments  more  darkened ;  wings  subhyaline,  stigma 
faintly  indicated ;  male  hypopygium  with  the  tergite  transverse,  the 
caudal  margin  broadly  emarginate,  the  lateral  lobes  low ;  basistyle 
without  accessory  lobules ;  ventral  dististyle  about  twice  as  exten¬ 
sive  as  the  basistyle ;  rostral  spines  long  and  slender,  slightly  ex¬ 
ceeding  the  prolongation ;  aedeagus  deeply  bilobed. 

Male. — Length  about  6.5  mm. ;  wing  7  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brown.  Antennae  brown  throughout ;  flagel¬ 
lar  segments  short-oval  to  subcylindrical.  Plead  brown  above. 

Pronotum  brown.  Mesonotum  chiefly  brownish  yellow,  with  a 
very  sparse  pruinosity,  the  anterior  part  of  the  praescutum  a  trifle 
darker.  Pleura  and  pleurotergite  more  yellowed.  Halteres  short, 
infuscated,  the  base  of  stem  yellow.  Legs  with  all  coxae  and  tro¬ 
chanters  light  yellow  ;  remainder  of  legs  pale  brown,  the  outer  tarsal 
segments  more  infuscated.  Wings  subhyaline,  the  stigma  very 
weakly  more  darkened;  veins  pale  brown.  Venation:  Sc  short, 
Sc j  ending  a  distance  before  origin  of  Rs  about  equal  to  r-m,  Sci 
alone  nearly  three  times  Sc2;  cell  1st  M2  large,  nearly  as  long  as 
the  distal  section  of  vein  M I+2 ;  m-cu  at  or  close  to  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdomen,  including  hypopygium,  pale  brown.  Male  liypo- 
pygium  with  the  tergite  transverse,  the  caudal  margin  broadly 
emarginate,  the  lateral  lobes  low ;  margin  with  three  separate  groups 


Bee.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  155 


of  setae,  those  of  the  median  group  smaller.  Basistyle  with  ventro- 
mesal  lobe  simple ;  no  distinct  accessory  lobule  as  in  accrba,  citrina 
and  fulva.  Dorsal  dististyle  a  slightly  arcuated  slender  pale  rod, 
the  tip  narrowed  and  bent  at  a  right  angle  into  a  straight  black 
spine.  Ventral  dististyle  fleshy,  its  total  area  somewhat  less  than 
twice  that  of  the  basistyle ;  rostral  prolongation  darkened,  relatively 
stout,  the  outer  margin  gently  convex  to  the  blunt  tip ;  rostral  spines 
arising  from  two  very  closely  approximated  basal  tubercles,  placed 
at  the  extreme  base  of  the  prolongation ;  spines  black,  long  and 
slender,  slightly  exceeding  the  prolongation  in  length.  Gonapo- 
physis  with  mesal-apical  lobe  blackened,  gently  curved  to  the  acute 
tip,  the  concave  margin  with  one  or  two  weak  denticles.  Aedeagus 
at  apex  deeply  bilobed  by  a  median  notch. 

Habitat:  Oregon. 

Holotype:  Three  Rivers,  Grand  Ronde-Tillamook  Highway, 

Coast  Range,  May  23,  1948  (K.  M.  Fender). 

While  generally  similar  to  Limonia  ( Dicranomyia )  fulva 
(Doane)  and  some  allied  species,  the  present  fly  is  distinct  in  the 
hypopygial  characters,  as  described. 

Limonia  (Dicranomyia)  willamettensis  n.  sp. 

Generally  similar  to  vulgata;  mesonotum  yellow,  the  praescutum 
with  three  black  stripes ;  antennae  with  scape  yellow,  the  remainder 
black ;  wings  whitish  subhyaline,  the  stigma  conspicuous ;  cell  M_. 
open  by  the  atrophy  of  m;  male  hypopygium  with  the  ninth  tergite 
broadly  emarginate,  the  obtuse  lobes  with  broadly  thickened  mar¬ 
gins  ;  ventral  dististyle  slightly  smaller  than  the  basistyle ;  rostral 
prolongation  long,  with  two  long  spines  that  are  subequal  to  the 
prolongation ;  mesal-apical  lobe  of  gonapophysis  a  slender  curved 
blackened  spine ;  aedeagus  unusually  long  and  slender,  directed 
ventrad,  blackened. 

Male — Length  about  5. 5-5. 8  mm. ;  wing  6-6.5  mm. 

Rostrum  light  yellow;  palpi  darker.  Antennae  with  the  scape 
yellow,  remainder  of  organ  black ;  flagellar  segments  oval,  with  long 
verticils,  the  segments  well-separated.  Head  dark  gray  ;  anterior 
vertex  broad. 

Pronotum  dull  black  medially,  yellowed  on  the  sides.  Meso¬ 
notum  obscure  yellow,  the  praescutum  with  three  black  stripes,  the 
interspaces  distinct ;  scutal  lobes  similarly  blackened ;  scutellum 
brownish  black,  parascutella  yellow;  mediotergite  obscure  yellow, 
darker  behind.  Pleura  and  pleurotergite  yellow,  the  ventral  sterno- 
pleurite  weakly  darkened.  Halteres with  stem  yellow,  knob  intus 


156  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v ol .  XLIV 


cated.  Legs  with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  yellow ;  remainder  of 
legs  obscure  yellow,  the  outer  tarsal  segments  blackened ;  claws 
long,  with  a  single  slender  basal  spine.  Wings  whitish  subhyaline, 
the  prearcular  and  costal  fields  a  trifle  more  yellowed ;  stigma  oval, 
rather  dark  brown,  conspicuous ;  veins  brown,  paler  in  the  bright¬ 
ened  fields.  Venation:  Sc,  ending  opposite  the  origin  of  Rs,  Scs 
some  distance  from  its  tip  so  Sc,  alone  is  approximately  one-half 
as  long  as  Rs;  cell  M2  open  by  the  atrophy  of  to;  rn-cu  longer  than 
the  distal  section  of  Cu ,,  close  to  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark  brown ;  sternites  and  subterminal  seg¬ 
ment  yellow ;  hypopygium  chiefly  darkened.  Male  hypopygium 
with  the  ninth  tergite  broadly  emarginate,  the  obtuse  lobes  with 
broadly  thickened  margins,  the  setae  restricted  to  this  portion. 
Basistyle  with  the  ventromesal  lobe  oval.  Dorsal  dististyle  a  long 
slender  curved  rod  that  narrows  very  gradually  into  a  long  slender 
spine.  V entral  dististyle  slightly  smaller  than  the  basistyle ; 
rostral  prolongation  long,  with  two  long  spines,  these  subequal  in 
length  to  the  prolongation,  without  basal  tubercles;  the  more  basal 
spine  placed  low  down  on  face  of  prolongation,  the  outer  one  closer 
to  the  upper  margin.  Gonapophysis  with  mesal-apical  lobe  a 
slender  curved  blackened  spine.  Aedeagus  unusually  long  and 
slender,-  blackened,  directed  ventrad  and  very  conspicuous;  tip 
narrowed,  not  bifid. 

Habitat:  Oregon  (Yamhill  County). 

Holotypc:  J1,  Willamette  River,  2  miles  south  of  Dayton,  June  24, 
1948  (K.  M.  Fender).  Paratopotype,  1  J*. 

Generally  similar  to  Limonia  ( Dicranomyia )  vulgata  (Bergroth), 
differing  in  the  details  of  coloration  and  structure  of  the  male  hypo¬ 
pygium,  particularly  the  ninth  tergite,  ventral  dististyle,  gonapo¬ 
physis  and  aedeagus. 

Limnophila  (Phylidorea)  pacalis  n.  sp. 

Mesonotum  obscure  brownish  yellow,  the  praescutum  with  a 
poorly  defined  brown  central  stripe ;  antenna  beyond  the  scape 
obscure  brownish  yellow ;  femora  yellow,  all  with  a  pale  brown 
subterminal  ring  that  is  wider  than  the  pale  apex ;  wings  yellow, 
unpatterned  except  for  a  black  spot  at  outer  end  of  the  otherwise 
deep  yellow  stigma ;  male  hypopygium  with  the  tergal  lobes  con¬ 
spicuous,  separated  by  a  U-shaped  notch;  gonapophysis  termi¬ 
nating  in  a  simple  spearlike  point. 

Male. — Length  about  9  mm. ;  wing  9.5  mm. 

Female. — Length  about  11-12  mm.;  wing  10.5-11  mm. 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  157 


Rostrum  black,  sparsely  pruinose ;  palpi  black.  Antennae  with 
scape  black ;  remainder  of  organ  obscure  yellow,  the  outer  flagellar 
segments  more  obscured ;  basal  flagellar  segments  oval,  the  outer 
ones  subcylindrical ;  verticils  long  and  conspicuous.  Head  dark 
gray. 

Pronotum  infuscated  medially,  obscure  yellow  on  sides.  Meso- 
notal  praescutum  obscure  brownish  yellow,  with  a  poorly  defined 
brown  central  stripe,  best-indicated  in  front,  the  lateral  stripes  some¬ 
times  faintly  indicated  ;  posterior  sclerites  of  notum  chiefly  brownish 
yellow,  the  mediotergite  somewhat  more  grayish  on  central  portion. 
Pleura  brownish  yellow.  Halteres  with  stem  pale,  knob  weakly 
infuscated.  Legs  with  all  coxae  and  trochanters  yellow ;  femora 
yellow,  all  legs  with  a  pale  brown  subterminal  ring,  the  pale  apex 
much  narrower ;  in  the  more  heavily  patterned  specimens  the  dark¬ 
ened  rings  are  virtually  terminal  in  position ;  tibiae  yellow,  the  tips 
very  narrowly  darkened ;  tarsi  obscure  yellow,  the  outer  segments 
brownish  black.  Wings  yellow,  cells  C  and  Sc  even  more  satu¬ 
rated  ;  no  pattern  except  for  a  tiny  dark  spot  at  outer  end  of  the 
otherwise  deep  yellow  stigma ;  veins  brown,  those  in  the  costal 
field  yellowed.  Venation  :  Petiole  of  cell  M,  subequal  to  or  shorter 
than  the  cell. 

Abdomen  reddish  yellow,  the  subterminal  segments  black  ;  genital 
shield  of  female,  as  well  as  the  male  hypopygium,  yellowed.  Male 
hypopygium  with  the  lobes  of  the  tergite  conspicuous,  separated  by 
a  U-shaped  median  notch,  the  surface  with  numerous  pale  setae. 
Setae  of  the  basistyle  unusually  long  and  numerous,  pale.  Inner 
dististyle  with  the  apical  narrowed  portion  a  little  shorter  than  the 
base.  Gonapophyses  of  moderate  length,  gradually  narrowed  out¬ 
wardly,  at  apex  a  trifle  expanded  into  a  simple  spearlike  point. 

Habitat:  Oregon  (Umatilla  County). 

Holotype:  fff,  Langdon  Lake,  Blue  Mountains,  altitude  4990  feet, 
August  17,  1948  (C.  P.  Alexander).  Allotopotype:  $.  Paratopo- 
types:  5  55;  paratypcs,  ,J'5»  Tollgate  (Langdon  Lake  Postoffice), 
July  17,  1948  (M.  C.  Lane). 

Most  similar  to  Limnophila  ( Phylidorca )  flavipila  Doane  and  L. 
( P . )  snoqualmiensis  Alexander,  differing  in  the  details  of  colora¬ 
tion  and  of  the  male  hypopygium. 


158  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l.  XLIF 


GEOMETRID  NOTES,  A  NEW  GENUS  AND 
SPECIES  FROM  ARIZONA. 

By  John  L.  Sperry,  Riverside,  California. 

Oak  Creek  Canyon,  south  of  Flagstaff  in  northern  Arizona,  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  collecting  grounds  in  the  Southwest. 
A  narrow  colorful  canyon  with  abundant  water  flowing  between 
towering  cliffs,  it  is  the  happy  meeting  ground  of  the  high  desert 
and  the  pines.  Before  the  last  war  Mrs.  Sperry  and  the  author 
captured  three  specimens  of  a  Larentid  moth  which  defied  deter¬ 
mination.  It  was  sent  to  Washington  for  description  but  the  war 
upset  many  excellent  plans  and  Mr.  Hahn  W.  Capps  was  only  able 
to  express  the  opinion  that  it  represented  an  undescribed  genus. 
In  1947  and  1948  we  were  again  able  to  visit  Oak  Creek  and  ob¬ 
tained  a  small  series  of  the  new  Larentid  and  after  correspondence 
with  Mr.  Capps  the  author  has  decided  to  describe. 

Herreshoffia  gen.  n. 

(Type,  Herreshoffia  gracea  sp.  n.  ) 

Palpi  in  both  sexes  moderate  (  1 JC  times  the  width  of  the  eye) 
flattened,  porrect  heavily  clothed  with  scales.  Tongue  present ; 
front  bulging,  with  conical  scale  tuft ;  eye,  smooth,  large,  round. 
Male  antennae  nearly  simple,  every  finely  short  ciliate ;  female 
antennae  simple.  Hind  tibia  of  male  not  swollen  and  without  hair 
pencil,  with  two  pairs  of  spurs  in  both  sexes ;  fore  tibia  unarmed. 

Fovea  lacking;  frenulum  in  male,  long  and  slender,  in  female,  a 
short  brush  of  bristles.  Chaetosema,  normal  Hydriomenid  type. 
Thorax  untufted  ;  abdomen  of  the  male  with  small  lateral  scale  tufts, 
of  female  with  short,  lateral,  terminal  tufts. 

Forewing;  12  veined,  a  single  areole,  3  from  before  the  angle,  4 
from  the  angle,  5  closer  to  6  than  4,  6  from  areole  beyond  angle,  7 
and  8  connate  from  tip  of  areole,  9  from  8  near  apex,  10  from  8 
half  way  between  tip  of  areole  and  9,  11  from  areole,  12  free. 

Hindwing,  8  veined,  3  and  4  connate  from  angle,  5  nearer  6  than 
4,  6  and  7  moderately  stalked,  8  with  cell  to  beyond  J4- 

Forewing  broad,  triangular,  costa  curved,  apex  falcate,  outer 
margin  excavated  between  veins  1  and  3,  3  and  4,  4  and  8. 

Hindwing,  broad,  triangular,  outer  margin  excavated  between 
veins  1  and  3,  3  and  4,  and  4  and  6. 

The  shape  of  the  wings  would  place  this  genus  nearest  to  Hor- 
isme  Hbn.  in  onr  North  American  list  but  the  genitalia  place  it 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  159 


between  Hammaptera  H-S.  and  Camptogramma  Steph.  It  differs 
from  all  three  of  the  aforementioned  genera  in  wing  shape  and  in 
having  a  single  areole,  also  in  the  position  of  lines  3  and  4  on  the 
secondaries.  In  the  male  genitalia  the  uncas  is  long,  slender,  needle 
shaped,  the  valvae  squared  at  the  end  and  the  costa  produced  in  a 
curved  hook  heavily  spined  at  the  tip,  the  heavily  spined  juxta 
shows  the  relationship  in  all  three  genera.  The  bursa  of  the  female 
is  nearest  to  that  of  Hammaptera  the  opening  is  heavily  schlerotised, 
there  is  a  short  ductus  bursae  but  there  are  heavily  schlerotised 
separted  plates  extending  well  down  over  the  bursa,  signum  a  tiny 
spot  on  the  bursa  wall. 

Herreshoffia  gracea  sp.  n. 

Both  sexes:  Palpi,  front,  vertex  antennae,  legs  and  thorax,  cart¬ 
ridge  buff  (Ridgeway  color),  antennae  and  legs  flecked  with  fusc¬ 
ous.  Ground  color  of  both  wings  straw-white,  so  heavily  washed 
with  colored  scales  that  parts  of  the  wings  seem  entirely  covered. 
Lines  fuscous  or  of  the  ground  color  of  the  wing. 

Primaries:  Costa  heavily  fuscous  for  the  first  third,  with  white 
spots  marking  the  inception  of  the  basal  and  t.a.  lines  at  one-eighth 
and  }  out  respectively. 

These  lines  are  double,  broken,  fuscous  hair  lines  with  ground 
color  between,  they  swing  out  from  the  base  of  the  costal  spot  at  an 
angle  of  about  45  degrees,  go  to  the  cell  and  curve  slightly  back  to 
inner  margin  at  one-fifth  and  one-third  out  respectively.  There 
is  a  tiny  dark  dot  on  the  costa  at  one-third  and  suggestions  of  a 
median  line  subparallel  to  the  t.a.  line  but  fading  out  below  the 
cell.  At  \  out  there  is  an  irregular,  single  fuscous  hair  line  with 
sharp  outward  points  at  vein  12  and  between  veins  6  and  7,  from 
6  it  runs  roughly  at  right  angles  to  the  inner  margin,  fading  out 
at  vein  2.  Halfway  between  this  line  and  the  t.p.  there  are  traces 
of  another  subparallel  irregular  hair  line  of  dark  rose  brown  scales. 
The  t.p.  line  is  double  as  is  the  t.  a.  line  with  a  white  lino  between. 
The  costa  is  broadly  light,  from  the  t.p.  line  to  the  apex  and  the 
white  spot  which  marks  the  t.p.  inception  is  lost  in  the  ground  color 
at  costa  but  well  marked  below ;  this  line  is  heavier  than  the  others, 
running  perpendicular  to  the  costa  to  vein  7,  has  a  sharp  outward 
tooth  between  6  and  7  and  from  6  goes  roughly  perpendicular  to 
the  inner  margin,  with  inward  angles  on  the  veins  to  inner  margin 
at  eight-tenths  out.  There  are  traces  of  a  subparallel  s.t.  line, 
the  white  scales  marking  its  position  are  most  evident  between  veins 
5  and  6  and  between  6  and  7.  There  is  a  dark  terminal  line.  Fringes 


160  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  vol.  XLIV 


of  ground  color  with  occasional  specklings  of  fuscous  on  the  tips  and 
dark  spots  at  ends  of  veins  3,  4,  6  and  7.  The  whole  wing  is  washed 
with  yellow-brown,  purple-brown,  red-brown  and  red  scales.  There 
is  a  round,  bright  pure  white  spot  1  mm.  in  diameter  in  the  sub¬ 
terminal  area  between  veins  3  and  4  which  is  the  most  conspicuous 
marking  on  the  forewing.  The  yellow-brown  shading  is  heavy  on 
the  costal  half  of  the  basal  area,  across  the  cell,  around  the  white 
spot  and  bordering  the  t.p.  line  outwardly  above  the  spot.  The  red- 
brown  shadings  are  along  the  inner  edge  of  the  t.p.  line  and  in  the  cell 
outside  the  t.a.  line.  The  purple-brown  shading  is  heavy  through¬ 
out  the  terminal  area  ending  in  a  diagonal  line  running  from  7  on 
the  outer  margin  back  toward  the  center  of  the  wing.  The  wing 
is  lightest  along  the  inner  margin,  through  the  median  area  on  the 
costa  and  apically  near  the  costa.  There  is  a  tiny  black  discal  dot 
at  the  end  of  the  cell. 

Secondaries :  Costal  area  and  inner  margin  from  base  to  t.p.  line, 
white  with  light  speckling  of  darker  atoms ;  basal  area  heavily 
speckled  with  purple-brown. 

T.a.  line  continues  from  primaries,  a  solid  line,  obscure,  curving 
evenly  across  the  wing.  Median  line  stronger  than  on  primaries, 
subparallel  to  t.a.  line.  The  wing  beyond  this  line  is  washed  with 
light,  rosy-brown  scales,  blotting  out  the  ground  color.  T.p.  line 
a  scalloped  white  hair  line,  the  points  of  the  scallops  turning  inward 
on  the  veins,  curves  evenly  across  the  wing  two-thirds  out.  There 
are  traces  of  a  white  s.t.  line  from  apex  to  tornos.  There  is  a  dark 
terminal  line.  Fringes  as  in  primaries  with  the  dark  spots  at  the 
ends  of  veins  3,  4  and  6  on  the  wing  points.  Discal  dot  absent. 

Beneath :  The  colors  are  dimmer  than  above  and  a  grayer  tinge 
predominates,  the  lines  are  indicatd  with  about  the  same  value  as 
above.  The  bright  white  spot  on  the  upper  surface  is  dimmed. 
Discal  spot  on  the  primaries  heavier  than  above,  on  the  secondaries 
merely  indicated. 

Expanse:  male,  17-18  mm.,  female  25-27  mm. 

Holotype,  female  Todd’s  Lodge,  Oak  Creek  Canyon,  Arizona, 
Sept.  28,  1948,  Grace  H.  Sperry,  coll,  and  in  the  Sperry  collection. 

Allotype,  male  same  locality,  Oct.  3,  1948,  G.  H.  &  J.  L.  Sperry, 
coll,  and  in  the  Sperry  collection. 

Paratypes,  2  males,  1  female,  same  locality  and  collectors,  June 
and  September,  in  the  U.S.  National  Museum.  1  male,  5  females, 
same  locality  and  collectors  Sept.  11  to  Oct.  5,  1947  and  1948  in  the 
British  Museum  and  collection  Sperry. 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  161 


This  beautiful  species  and  the  new  genus  of  which  it  is  the  type 
are  named  in  honor  of  my  wife,  Grace  Herreshoff  Sperry,  in  happy 
memory  of  thirty  years  lived  joyously  together  in  “sun  and  candle 
light”. 

Species  collected  or  examined  and  genitalic  work  done  on  the 
Geometridae  during  the  past  year  have  convinced  the  author  that 
there  is  a  bit  of  interest  and  a  few  changes  that  may  profitably  be 
made  in  our  present  list,  so  he  ventures  to  submit,  in  this  paper,  a 
few  paragraphs  that  may  be  of  value. 

Semiothisa  cnrvata  Grote 

Among  our  specimens  taken  on  the  Upper  Santa  Ana  River  in 
the  San  Bernardino  Mts.  of  California,  there  was  one  beautiful 
albinic  male,  entirely  white,  with  the  brownish  t.a.  and  t.p.  lines 
showing  clearly  on  the  snowy  ground,  the  costal  markings  mere 
shades  and  the  terminal  line  dim  on  both  wings.  Only  a  trace 
of  the  t.p.  line  shows  on  the  inner  margin  of  the  secondaries.  Be¬ 
neath  it  is  white  speckled  sparingly  with  light  brown  atoms  with  the 
t.a.  and  t.p.  lines  showing  dimly  through  the  white  ground  color. 

Semiothisa  cruciata  Grote 

In  making  routine  slides  of  cnrvata  Grt.  from  many  different 
parts  of  the  West  the  author  came  upon  a  specimen  from  Frijoles 
Canyon,  N.  M.  taken  in  July  by  Mr.  Chester  A.  Thomas  custodian 
of  the  Monument,  which  answers  Grote’s  cruciata  description  ex¬ 
actly.  The  part  of  the  description  pertaining  to  the  t.p.  line  is 
especially  apt  “outer  line  black,  sinuous,  bent  outwardly  on  costal 
region”  for  cnrvata’ s  t.p.  line  normally  bends  inward  just  below 
the  costa.  The  genitalia  place  this  specimen  near  or  equal  to 
nigroalbana  Cass,  and  if  the  type  specimen  of  cruciata  checks  this 
one,  cruciata  Grote  is  a  good  species  with  nigroalbana  Cass,  prob¬ 
ably  a  synonym  thereof.  The  author  does  not  know  where  the 
Grote  type  is  at  present  but  will  welcome  information. 

Itame  nervata  Gn. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  D.  S.  Fletcher  of  the  British 
Museum  staff  the  author  has  been  able  to  examine  a  topot  epical 
pair  of  this  species  from  Brazil. 

The  species  is  not  an  Itame  but  was  probably  correctly  placed  by 
its  author  in  the  genus  Macaria.  The  male  antennae  are  ciliate  and 
fasciculate  and  as  near  as  the  author  can  tell  by  the  male  genitalia 
en  situ,  the  species  belongs  in  the  genus  Semiothisa  near  f'uncto- 
lineata  Pack,  and  has  been  so  placed  in  the  Sperry  collection. 


162  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  VoL  XLIV 


Dasyfidonia  macdunnoughi  Guedet 

Mrs.  Sperry  and  the  author  found  a  flight  of  this  interesting  in¬ 
sect  in  progress  at  type  locality  on  the  Mojave  Desert  in  April  and 
obtaining  a  good  series  the  author  made  routine  slides  and  dis¬ 
covered  that  this  Dasyfidonia  is  a  good  species  and  not  a  form  of 
avuncularia  as  originally  described.  The  male  genitalia  are  close 
but  in  macdunnoghi  the  whole  organ  is  so  heavily  schlerotised  that 
it  is  almost  black  and  is  smaller,  broader  and  chunkier  throughout. 
In  the  female  however  there  is  considerable  difference.  In  avun¬ 
cularia  the  ostium  is  weak,  the  plate  in  the  ductus  bursae  moderately 
long  and  narrow  and  the  signum  is  a  large  snowshoe  shaped  plaque, 
heavily  spined  at  the  edges.  In  macdunnoughi  the  ostium  is 
stronger,  the  plate  short  and  nearly  square  and  the  signum  shield 
shaped,  about  one-third  the  size  of  that  in  avuncularia  and  very 
weakly  spined.  The  insect  is  a  day  flyer,  local  but  plentiful  when 
it  flies  and  the  Rev.  Edward  Guedet’s  description  is  excellent. 

Prochoerodes  floridata  Grote 

For  several  years  the  author  has  been  receiving  from  South 
Florida  a  Prochoerodes  labelled  politia  Cramer  which  was  smaller 
than  it  should  be. 

In  1947  a  good  series  of  a  much  larger  and  brighter  species  was 
received  from  Mrs.  L.  E.  Forsyth  of  Florida  City,  Fla.  with  an 
inquiry  as  to  its  identity.  This  series  checked  topotypical  material 
in  the  author’s  collection  from  Brazil  and  genitalic  slides  showed 
that  it  was  politia  Cramer  and  that  we  were  dealing  with  two 
species  from  South  Florida.  With  this  in  mind,  through  the  good 
offices  of  our  friend  Dr.  F.  1.  Hewes,  who  made  inquiry  at  the 
U.S.  National  Museum  and  Mr.  Hahn  W.  Capps  who  made  the 
genitalic  comparison  with  the  type  of  floridata  Grote,  and  to  both 
of  which  gentlemen  the  author  is  deeply  indebted,  it  was  deter¬ 
mined  that  our  smaller  species  which  has  been  placed  for  so  many 
years  under  politia  Cramer  is  in  reality  floridata  Grote  and  that 
floridata  Grote  and  politia  Cramer  are  separate  and  distinct  species, 
Dr.  Hulst’s  remarks  on  the  subject  (1894,  Ent.  News  V,  304)  not¬ 
withstanding.  There  are  several  good  differences  but  one  will 
suffice. 

In  politia  the  aedeagus  of  the  male  has  the  vesica  apically  armed 
with  five  large  curved  spines.  That  of  floridata  is  simple. 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  163 


NOTES  ON  COLOR  AND  PATTERN  OF  EYE  IN 
DIPTERA 

By  George  C.  Steyskal,  Grosse  lie,  Michigan. 

The  color  and  color  pattern  of  the  eye  of  many  groups  of  Diptera 
are  of  value  taxonomically.  In  many  cases,  however,  there  is  no 
record  of  the  character,  since  it  disappears  when  the  insect  dries  and 
after  some  time  will  not  reappear  upon  relaxation. 

The  following  notes  are  based  upon  fresh  material  taken  from 
a  cyanide  killing  bottle  soon  after  death.  All  the  material  was 
captured  in  Michigan. 

Family  Stratiomyidae 

Berkshiria  albistylum  Johnson  ( J ohnsonomyia  aldrichi  Malloch), 
5  (Fig.  1  A).  Brownish  green  in  ground  color,  with  green  hori¬ 
zontal  hand  edged  with  purple  and  purple-brown  cloud  in  upper  and 
lower  divisions. 

Enpacliygaster  henshawi  Malloch,  9  (Fig.  IB).  Ground  color 
brownish  green  becoming  brown  at  fore  and  hind  margins.  An¬ 
terior  vertical  fascia  red-brown,  posterior  (central)  fascia  blue- 
purple,  pure  blue  at  edges.  Malloch  (1917:  338)  states  “eyes 
with  four  vertical  dark  stripes,  one  on  center,  deep  violaceous  blue, 
extends  from  upper  margin  to  a  point  one  fifth  distant  from  lower 
margin,  the  others  (purple)  being  a  slender  one  along  anterior 
margin,  a  broad  one  extending  from  lower  margin  almost  to  upper 
margin,  between  the  former  and  the  blue  central  stripe,  and  a  rather 
broad  one  along  posterior  margin.” 

Neopachygaster  maculicornis  Hine,  5  (Fig.  1  C).  Ground 
color  olive  green  with  purple  horizontal  band  running  out  into  an 
extensive  but  weak  and  diffuse  purple  cloud  in  upper  part  of  eye. 
Malloch  (1.  c. :  339)  has  “the  upper  half  of  eye,  except  the  narrow 
posterior  margin,  purple,  the  remainder  being  yellowish.” 

Pachygaster  pulcher  Loew,  5  (Fig.  1  D).  Brown  in  ground 
color,  with  three  slender  purple-brown  horizontal  hands  separated 
as  shown  by  four  green  hands.  Malloch  (1.  c. :  339)  says  only 
“ Pachygaster  pulcher  has  four  slender  horizontal  stripes  on  center.” 

Family  Aulacigasteridae 

Aulacigaster  leucopeza  Meigen,  $  5  (Fig.  1  E).  Ground  color 
brown  below,  purple-brown  above,  with  four  horizontal  hands  ot 
bright  golden  green  as  shown. 


164  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  v°l-  XLIV 


Family  Otitidae 


Pseudotephritis  cribellum  Loew.  The  eye  is  plain  brown-green 
with  purple  reflections  (cf.  P.  van,  below). 

P.  van  Say,  5  (Fig.  1  F).  Ground  color  green  below,  crossed 
near  middle  by  a  purplish  horizontal  band,  and  sharply  divided 
from  a  brownish-green  upper  part. 

Pterocalla  strigula  Loew.  Hendel  (1909:27)  places  this  species 
(the  only  one  of  the  genus  in  northern  North  America)  in  Ptero¬ 
calla  sensu  strictu,  to  which  group  he  ascribes  the  character  “Augen 
bandiert.”  However,  several  specimens  taken  by  the  writer  have 
no  discernible  pattern  on  the  eyes. 


Literature  Cited 


Hendel,  F.,  1909.  Uebersicht  der  bisher  bekannten  Arten  der 
Pterocallinen.  Deutsche  Ent.  Zts.  1909,  Beiheft:  1-84. 
Malloch,  J.  R.,  1917.  A  preliminary  classification  of  Diptera,  etc. 
Bull.  Illinois  State  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.  12  (art.  3)  :  161-409,  pis. 
28-57. 


A 


Explanation  of  Figure  I 


Eye  patterns  of  Diptera.  The  dash  at  left  indicates  position  of 
antennae.  A,  Bcrkshiria  albistylum  Jims. ;  B,  Eupachygaster  hen- 
shawi  Mall.;  C,  Neopachygaster  maculicornis  Hine ;  D,  Pachy- 
gaster  pulcher  Lw. ;  E,  Aulacigaster  leucopeza  Mg.;  F,  Pseudo¬ 
tephritis  vau  Say. 


CONTENTS 


(Arranged  alphabetically  throughout) 

COLEOPTERA 

Larval  Description  and  Trans¬ 
fer  of  Thaumaphrastus  ka- 
ranisensis  From  Colydiidae 
to  A  New  Subfamily  of  Der- 
mestidae  (Coleoptera),  W. 

H.  Anderson,  121 
Studies  on  the  Coleoptera  of  the 

Diptera 

ulidae).  Part  XI,  C.  P. 
Alexander,  152 

Notes  on  Color  and  Pattern  of 
Eye  in  Diptera,  George  C. 
Steyskal,  163 

Notes  on  Puerto  Rican  Biting 
Midges  or  Culicoides  (Dip¬ 
tera:  Ceratopogonidae) ,  Irv¬ 
ing  Fox,  29 

Rhagionidae  (Diptera)  From 
the  Great  Smoky  Mountains 
National  Park,  George  C. 
Steyskal,  68 

Sarcophagidae  (Diptera)  From 
the  Great  Smoky  Mountains 
National  Park,  George  C. 
Steyskal,  60 

The  Identity  of  Two  Nearetic 
Simuliidae  (Diptera),  Alan 
Stone,  1 38 

The  Missouri  Bee-Killer,  l’roe- 
tacanthus  Milbertii  MacQ. 
(Asilidae:  Diptera),  S.  \\ 
Bromlev,  21 


A  New  Anomalous  Acalyptrate 
Fly  (Diptera),  George  C. 
Steyskal,  134 

A  New  Genus  of  Tephritidae 
Near  Xanthomyia  (Diptera), 
Benson  F.  Quisenberry,  49 

American  Syrphid  Flies  of  the 
Subfamilies  Cheilosinae  and 
Syrphinae,  Frank  M.  Hull, 
73 

New  or  Insufficiently-Known 
Crane-Flies  From  the  Ne- 
arctic  Region  (Diptera,  Tip- 
ulidae).  Part  IX,  Charles  P. 
Alexander,  15 

New  or  Insufficiently-Known 
Crane-Flies  From  the  Ne- 
arctic  Region  (Diptera,  Tip- 
ulidae).  Part  X,  Charles  P. 
Alexander,  98 

New  or  Insufficiently-Known 
Crane-Flies  From  the  Ne- 
arctic  Region  (Diptera,  Tip- 


Pacific  Northwest  III:  Cara- 
bidae :  Harpalinae,  Melville 
H.  Hatch,  80 

Three  New  Cicindelidae  From 
South  Texas  With  Collecting- 
Notes  on  Other  Cicindelidae 
(Coleoptera),  George  B. 
Vogt,  1 


166  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  t7ol.  XLIV 


General  Subject 


Adenosine  Triphosphate  From 
Insects,  Harry  G.  Albaum,  56 
Book  Notes  (in  order  of  appear¬ 
ance)  : 

Days  Without  Time,  George 
S.  Tulloch.  35 

The  Corixidae  of  the  West¬ 
ern  Hemisphere,  George  S. 
Tulloch,  35 

A  General  Textbook  of  En¬ 
tomology,  George  S.  Tul¬ 


loch,  55 

The  Songs  of  Insects,  Ashley 
B.  Gurney,  107 
A  Century  of  Entomology  in 
the  Pacific  Northwest, 
George  S.  Tulloch,  140 
The  Natural  History  of  Mos¬ 
quitoes,  George  S.  Tulloch, 
140 

Proceedings  of  the  Society,  A. 
T.  Gaul,  105 


Heteroptera 


A.  New  Genus  in  the  Subfamily 
Blissinae  From  Mexico  and 
A  New  Nysius  From  the 
North  West.  (Lygaeidae; 


Hemiptera-Heteroptera ) ,  H. 
G.  Barber,  141 

Orius  Feeding  Notes,  George 
F.  Knowlton,  53 


Homoptera 


Studies  on  the  Cotton  Jassid 
(Empoasca  dcvastans  Dist.) 
in  the  West  Punjab:  VIII. 
Effect  of  Rainfall  and  Hu¬ 
midity  on  the  Incidence  of 
Jassid  Attack,  Mohammad 
Afzal  and  M.  A.  Ghani,  128 
Studies  on  the  Cotton  Jassid 
(Empoasca  dcvastans  Dist.) 
in  the  Punjab:  IX.  A  Con¬ 


sideration  of  the  Light  Trap 
Collections.  M.  A.  Ghani 
and  Mohammad  Afzal,  145 
The  Genus  Penestirellus  in 
North  America  Including 
Mexico  (Homoptera:  Cica- 
dellidae),  Dwight  M.  DeLong 
and  Ruth  V.  Hershberger, 
116 


Hymenoptera 


Records  of  Bees  From  the 
Solomon  Islands  With  De¬ 
scriptions  of  New  Subspecies 


(Hymenoptera,  Apoidea), 
Karl  V.  Krombein,  10 
Spider  Feeds  on  Honeybee,  G. 
F.  Knowlton,  36 


Lepidoptera 

Flight  Notes :  Two  Papilio,  One  Geometrid  Notes,  A  New 
Kricogonia,  Otto  Buchholz,  Genus  and  Species  From  Ari- 
72  zona,  John  L.  Sperry,  158 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  167 


Swarming  of  Eurema  nicippe 
(Cramer),  Kent  W.  Wilson, 
20 

The  Occurrence  of  Anomis 
commoda  Butler  in  the 


United  States  and  Its  Life 
History  (Lepidoptera,  Pha- 
laenidae,  Catocalinae) ,  J.  G. 
Franclemont,  69 


Mallophaga 

A  Descriptive  Study  of  the  Life  canis  (Degeer)  (Malopha- 
History  Stages  of  the  Dog  ga:  Trichodectidae) ,  Max- 
Biting  Louse,  Trichodcctes  well  M.  Crystal,  89 

Plecoptera 

Studies  on  the  Plecoptera  of  on  Isogenoides,  j.  F.  Han- 
North  America:  V.  Notes  son,  109 

Smaller  Orders  and  Other  Animals 

Some  New  Dicyrtoma  and  Key  Sminthuridae) ,  D.  L.  Wray, 

to  Known  Species  of  the  61 

United  States.  (Collembola,  Spider  Feeds  on  Honeybee,  G. 

F.  Knowlton,  36 

Trichoptera 

New  Species  of  Nearctic  Caddis  Flies,  D.  G.  Denning,  37 


168  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  r °! ■  ALII 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  XLIV 

Arranged  alphabetically  throughout ;  valid  species  in  Roman 
type,  synonyms  in  italics,  new  species  bold  face.  0  indicates  other 
animals;  *  plants.  Not  included  in  this  index;  extensive  list  of 
insects,  pp.  21-28,  The  Missouri  Bee-Killer. 


Aeolothrips  fasciatus,  54 
Agapetus  montanus,  38 
Aglenus,  121 

Allograpta  harlequina,  76 

*  Althaea  rosea,  71 
Amara  amplicollis,  82 
kincaidi,  83 
san-juanensis,  81 
wakelandi,  82 
Anadaptus  idahoensis,  88 
Anomis  commoda,  69 
erosa,  69 
flava,  69 
fulvida,  69 
subfulvida,  69 
Anthophora  sapiens,  13 
Aphis  gossypii,  53 
^Artemisia  tridentata,  53 
Atarba  apache,  102 
werneri,  103 

Aulacigaster  leucopeza,  163 
Axinopalpus  denticulatus,  84 
pratti,  83 
vittatus,  84 

Berkshiria  albistylum,  163 
Bordoridae  spuriae,  135 

0  Canis  familiaris,  89 
Cavariella  aegopodii,  55 
Chaitophorus  viminalis,  53 
Cheumatopsyche  harwoodi,  41 
virginica,  41 

Chrysophilus  connexus,  68 
ornatus,  68 
quadratus,  68 
rotundipennis,  68 


Cicindela  cazieri,  6 

circumpicta  circumpicta,  8 
dorsalis  sauleyi,  8 
flavopunctata  rectilatera,  7 
hamata  lacerata,  8 
lemniscata,  6 

nigrocoerulea  subtropica, 

2 

obsoleta  neojuvenilis,  4 

pamphila,  8 

punctulata  punctulata.  6 
schauppi,  8 
scutellaris  unicolor,  2 
severa  severa,  6 
sperata  sperata,  8 
tenuisignata,  6 
togata  togata,  9 
trifasciata  tortuosa,  8 
Cinderella  lampra,  134 
Coelioxys  dispersa,  12 
Culicoides  borinqueni,  30 
guttatus,  31 
hoffmani,  29 

loughnani  jamaicensis,  32 
trilineatus,  30 

Dasyfidonia  macdunnoughi,  162 
Dermestes,  122 
Dicyrtoma,  61 

curvilineata,  64 
frontalis,  66 
hageni,  66 
hageni  vinalis,  65 
mithra,  63 
ochreous,  62 

Drosophila  melanogaster,  57 


Dec.,  1949  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  169 


Empoasca  devastaus,  128,  145 
*Erodimn  circutarium,  53 
Eumacronychia  nigricornis,  60 
Eupachygaster  henshawi,  163 
Eurema  nicippe.  20 
Eusimulium  obtusum,  138 

Frankliniella  moultoni,  54 

Gonitis  commoda,  69 

Halictus,  11 

Harbeckia  tessellata,  60 
Harpalus  affinis,  84 

atrichatus,  86 
cascadiensis,  85 
Cordoharpalus,  87 
couleensis,  87 
Herreshoffia,  158 
gracea,  159 
*Hibiscus  esculenta,  71 
syriacus,  70 

Hydropsyche  alvata,  40 

Isogenoides  frontalis,  113 
hudsonicus,  110 
zionensis,  109 
Itame  nervata,  161 

Jamesomyia,  49 
geminata,  50 

Kricogonia  lyside,  72 

Limnephilus  fautini,  46 
Limnophila  pacalis,  156 
Limonia  geronimo,  101 
inhabilis,  154 
willamettensis,  155 
Lithurgus  fortis,  1 1 

fortis  nigerrimus,  1 1 

Macrosiphum  zerozalpbum,  53 


Megacephala  affinis  angustata,  2 
Carolina,  2 

Megachile  bougainvilliana,  12 
lacbesis,  1 1 
mendanae,  12 

shortlandi  aurantiscopa, 

12 

Mesogramma  intermedia,  77 
Metopia  campestris,  60 
leucocephala  Rossi,  60 
0  Misumena  calycina,  36 
Myzus  persicae,  53 

Neopachygaster  macnlicornis, 
163 

Neothremma  galena,  47 
Nephrotoma  navajo,  98 
perincisa,  99 
Nomada  psilocera,  13 
Nomia  froggati,  10 
Notomyza,  136 
Nysius  paludicola,  142 

Orins  insidiosus,  53 
tristicolor,  53 
Orphilus,  127 

Pachygaster  pulcher,  163 
Pachyophtbalmns  distortus,  60 
Papilio  palamedes,  72 
troilus  ilioneus,  72 
Parapsyche  extensa,  40 
Paratenodera  sinensis,  58 
Pedicia  subobtusa,  19 
Penestirellus  catalinus,  116 
fulvus,  120 
fumidus,  120 
pressus,  118 
Platysma  craterense,  80 
shulli,  80 

Polycentropns  smitbae,  ,39 
Praeblissus,  141 
albopictus,  141 


170  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  Eol.  XLH 


Prochoerodes  floridata,  162 
Proctacanthus  milbertii,  21 
Pseudotephritis  cribellum,  164 
vau,  164 

Pterocalla  strigula,  164 

Radema  comosa,  42 
Reticulitermes  flavipes,  58 
Rhagio  vertcbratus,  68 
Rhyacophila  ebria,  37 
Rhysops  funerea,  74 
Rusicada  fulvida  subfiilvida,  69 

*Salicornia,  144 
*Salix,  53 

Sarcophaga  assidua,  60 
bisetosa,  60 
cimbicis,  60 
cingarus,  60 
fulvipes,  60 
latisterna,  60 
lherminieri,  60 
misera  sarracenioides,  60 
rapax,  60 

scoparia  nearctica,  60 
stimulans,  60 


Semiothisa  cruciata,  161 
curvata,  161 

Senotainia  trilineata,  60 
Sericothrips  variabilis,  53 
Simulium  argus,  138 
hearlei,  138 
jenningsi,  139 
kamloopsi,  138 
nigroparvum,  138 

Tenebrio  molitor,  58 
Thaumaphrastus  karanisensis, 
121 

Thrips  tabaci,  54 
Thyreus  gemmatus,  14 
Tipula  inusitata,  17 
praelauta,  15 
siskiyouensis,  152 
Tribolium  confusum,  58 
Trichodectes  canis,  89 
floridanus,  89 
Trichopsomyia  urania,  73 
Trigona  sapiens,  14 
Trypeta  geminata,  50 

0  Xysticus  cunctator,  36 


Number  of  New  Genera  and  Subgenera  in  this  index,  5. 
Number  of  New  Species  and  other  forms  in  this  index,  54. 


Vol.  XLII 


Cl 

FEBRUARY,  1947  No,  1 


BULLETIN 


OF  THE 


Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 
The  Science  Press  Printing  Company, 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 


Mailed  May  28,  1947 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  Lancaster,  Pa., 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1946 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


President,  R.  R.  MeELYARE 


Vice  President 
OTTO  BUCIIHOLZ 
Secretary 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 


Editor 


Treasurer 
R.  R.  MeELYARE 
280  Fourth  Ave., 
New  York,  N.  Y. 


J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


NEW  INDO-AUSTRALIAN  LYCAENIDAE,  Wind  &  Clench  .  1 

DIOSTRACUS  PRASINUS,  Steyskal  .  16 

NEW  CYMATODERA,  Barr  .  17 

OCTHEPIIILUM  FRACTICORNE,  Frost  .  18 

NEW  PTYCHOPTERIDAE,  PT.  Ill,  Alexander  19 

BIOLOGY  OF  HYMENARCYS,  Esselbaugli  25 

ADDRESSES  AND  POSITIONS  OF  AUTHORS  .  30 

NEW  PARATYNDARIS,  Parker  .  31 

BOXELDER  BUG  ‘  ‘  BITES,  ’  ’  Km.  wit  on  .  33 

NOTES  ON  DOLICIIOPUS,  Steyskal  34 

BOOK  NOTES,  J.  R.  T.-B.  &  Richards  38,  39 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  Tulloch  42 

VERY  SPECIAL  NOTICE  .  44 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


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Vol.  XLII  APRIL,  1947  No.  2 

BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE'BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  hy 

The  Science  Press  Printing  Company, 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  August  25,  1947 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  I  ancastcr,  Pa., 
under  the  Act  ot  March  3,  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1947 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


President,  R.  R.  McELVARE 


Vice  President 
OTTO  BUCHHOLZ 
Secretary 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 


Editor 


Treasurer 
R.  R.  McELVARE 
280  Fourth  Ave., 
New  York,  N.  Y. 


J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


ADDITIONS  TO  SYNOPSIS  OF  ALEYRODIDAE,  Sampson  45 

CHRYSOPHILUS  PROXIMUS,  Knowlton  .  50 

GENOTYPES  FIXED  BY  FABRICIUS,  Blaekwelder  51 

VESPINE  BIOLOGY.  II,  Gaul  .  58 

SCHIZOLACHNUS  PI  NI-R  A  D I  AT  A  E ,  Knowlton  62 

FREQUENAMIA  GUERRERA,  n.  g.,  n.  sp.,  DeLong  63 

GENUS  OCHLEROPTERA,  Pate  .  65 

SUBFAMILY  NAME  IN  PSAMMOCHARIDAE,  Pate  70 

POPLAR  APHIDS,  Knowlton  .  71 

FREDERICK  EDWARD  WINTERS,  Chamberlain  72 

MYZUS  APHID  NOTES,  Knowlton  74 

BOOK  NOTES,  J.  R.  T.-B .  75 

SIMPLIFICATION,  J.  R.  T.-B .  76 

A  FEW  APHIDS,  Knowlton  .  77 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  Tulloch  78 

GEOCORIS  NOTES,  Knowlton  79 

EXCHANGES  .  80 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  $3.50  per  year  :  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance  :  single 
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all  communications  to 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor, 

925  East  6th  St.,  Tucson,  Ariz. 


Vol.  XLII  JUNE,  1947  No.  3 

BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 

NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  hy 

The  Science  Press  Printing  Company, 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  December  10,  1947 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  I  ancastcr, 
under  the  Act  ot  March  3,  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1947 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


President,  R.  R.  McELVARE 
Vice  President  Treasurer 

OTTO  BUCHHOLZ  R.  r.  McELVARE 

Secretary  76  Ivy  Way, 

Port  Washington,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  Yorlc 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


VARIATIONS  IN  LARVAE  OF  ORTIIODOMYIA,  Breland  81 

UTAH  MANTIDS,  Knowlton  .  86 

VESPINE  BIOLOGY.  Ill,  Gaul  .  87 

NOTES  ON  II  ELIOT  11 1 1  N  A  K,  McElvare  .  96 

NEW  SUBSPECIES  OF  BUTTERFLIES,  Dillon  97 

SAY’S  BLISTER  BEETLES,  Houghton  .  103 

CONGRESS  OF  ENTOMOLOGY,  Johannsen  106 

EDITORIAL,  J.  R.  T.  II .  107 

BOOK  NOTES,  Bequaert  .  107 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

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all  communications  to 

J.  It.  tie  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor, 

925  East  6th  St.,  Tucson,  Ariz. 


Vol.  XLII 


OCTOBER,  1947 


No.  4 


BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 

NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 

The  Science  Press  Printing  Company, 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

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Mailed  March  19,  1948 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  nt  the  post  office  at  1  anenster,  l'a  .. 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  1 87° 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1947 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


President,  R.  R.  McELYARE 
Vice  President  Treasurer 

OTTO  BUCHHOLZ  R.  R.  McELVARE 

Secretary  76  Ivy  Way, 

Port  Washington,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  Yorlc 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


TIIE  SUBGENUS  PHORBIA  IN  N.  A.,  Huckett  109 

SILPHA  FEEDING  ON  DEAD  BEES,  Knowlton  .  125 

DIETHYLENE  GLYCOL  IN  BALSAM  MOUNTING,  Chamberlain  126 
PYGMY  GRASSHOPPERS,  Knowlton  130 

NEW  CRANE  FLIES,  Alexander  131 

GENUS  FLEXAMIA  IN  MEXICO,  DeLong  &  Hershberger  136 

NOTES  ON  BUPRESTIDAE,  Heifer  140 

DERMACENTOR  VARIABILIS  IN  X.  H.,  Bequaert  141 

SNOWY  TREE  CRICKET  EATS  APHIDS,  Knowlton  142 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  Tulloch  143 

EXCHANGES,  .  144 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  $3.50  per  year  :  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance  :  single 
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all  communications  to 

J.  11.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor, 

925  East  6th  St.,  Tucson,  Ariz. 


Vol.  XLII  DECEMBER,  1947  No.  5 

BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 

NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDVC  IN  \Y.  TEA  I  E 

Published  for  the  Society  by 

The  Science  Press  Printing  Company, 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  April  8,  1948 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  I  anenMer,  IV. 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  187° 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1947 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


President,  R.  R.  McELVARE 
Vice  President  Treasurer 

OTTO  BUCHHOLZ  R.  r.  McELVARE 

Secretary  76  jvy  Way, 

Port  Washington,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 


GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


NEW  SPECIES  OF  II YDROPTI  LI  DAE,  Denning  145 

NOTES  ON  APHIS  SPECIES,  Knowlton  .  155 

NEW  GENUS  AND  SPECIES  OF  MEXICAN  LEAFHOPPER, 

DeLong  and  Hershberger  159 

PROCIPHILUS  APHID  NOTES,  Knowlton  161 

OBSERVATIONS  ON  BIOLOGY  OF  MUTILLID  WASPS,  Sliappirio  182 
GEOGRAPHICAL  NAME,  Torre- Bueno  163 

REMARKS  ON  GENUS  CHLOROCHROA,  Esselbauh  .  164 

LEAFHOPPER  “BITES”  MAN,  Knowlton  169 

ROBBERFLIES  PREYING  ON  HONEYBEES,  Alex  170 

8TH  INTERNATIONAL  CONGRESS  OF  ENTOMOLOGY  172 

BOOK  NOTES,  Usinger  .  173 

PHYMATA  KILLS  HONEYBEES,  Knowlton  175 

EXCHANGES  .  176 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

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all  communications  to 

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Vol.  XLI11 


FEBRUARY,  1948 


No.  1 


BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEA  IT 

Published  for  the  Society  by 

Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  May  28,  1948 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  I  am  aster.  I'a 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  187^ 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1948 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

President 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 

Vice  President  Treasurer 

4'  Secretary  R  R  McELVARE 

ALLAN  S.  NICOLAY  76  Ivy  Way, 

Port  Washington,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


HUBBARD  ON  FLEAS  OF  WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA,  Fuller  1 
BOXELDER  BUGS  FEEDING  ON  HONEYBEES,  Knowlton  17 

SYNONYM ICAL  NOTES  ON  8PIIECOID  WASPS,  Krombein  18 

SYNONYMY  IN  NEIDIDAE,  Barber  21 

POPULATION  SURVEY  FOR  LARVAE  OF  TABANIDAE,  Bailey  .  22 

GRASSHOPPERS  IN  TURKEY’S  CROP,  Knowlton  '  29 

BOOK  NOTES,  Bequaert  .  30 

RECORD  OF  STYGNOCORIS  RUSTICUS,  Barber  31 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  Tulloch  32 

EDITOR’S  CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS  .  35 

EXCHANGES  .  36 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

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all  communications  to 


R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor, 


Vol.  XL11I  APRIL,  1948  No.  2 

BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 
Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  June  30,  1948 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  Lancaster,  Pa., 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1948 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  UE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

President 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCII 

Vice  President  Treasurer 

4-  Secretary  r.  R.  McELVARE 

ALLAN  S.  NICOLAY  76  Ivy  Way, 

Port  Washington,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

Delegate  to  Council  of  New  ¥ork 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


VESPINE  BIOLOGY— IV,  Gaul  . .  37 

A  SPECIES  OF  WINTER  CRANE-FLY,  Coher  .  42 

NEW  COLLEMBOLA,  Wray  .  44 

GEOMETRID  NOTES— I,  Sperry  .  54 

NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS  . .  60 

BIRDS  EAT  SCALE  INSECTS,  Knowlton  .  60 

A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  STENOCELLS,  Buchanan  .  61 

ALL  PURPOSE  INSECT  NET,  Usinger  .  67 

BOOK  NOTE  . : .  68 

A  SUGGESTION  TO  AUTHORS,  J.  R.  T.-B  .  68 

NOTES  ON  UHLERIOLA  FLORALIS,  Slater  .  69 

GREGARIOUS  TREEHOPPER,  Knowlton  71 

SPIDER  KILLS  HONEYBEE,  Knowlton  .  72 

NOTICE  .  ■  72 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  $3.50  per  year  ;  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance  ;  single 
copies,  75  cents.  Advertising  rates  on  application.  Short  articles,  notes  and 
observations  of  interest  to  entomologists  are  solicited.  Authors  will  receive  25 
reprints  free  if  ordered  in  advance  of  publication.  Address  subscriptions  and 
all  communications  to 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor, 


Vol.  XLIII 


JUNE,  1948 

BULLETIN 


No.  3 


OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 

Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  July  1,  1948 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  tl\c  post  office  At  I  utuaster,  I'm 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  187° 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1948 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

President 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 

Vice  President  Treasurer 

4-  Secretary  R.  R  McELVARE 

ALLAN  S.  NICOLAY  76  Ivy  Way, 

Port  Washington,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


ADDITIONS  TO  VESPINE  BIOLOGY,  Gaul  73 

GYROHYPNUS,  Frost  .  79 

NORTH  AMERICAN  RYGCHIUM,  Bohart  80 

BOOK  NOTES,  J.  R.  T.-B.  .  87 

SOUTHWESTERN  GEOMETRIDS  II,  Sperry  88 

NEW  FUNGUS-GNATS,  Shaw  .  94 

APHIDS  ON  PINE,  Knowlton  .  97 

DOLICHOPODIDAE  NOTES,  Knowlton  98 

EDITORIAL,  J.  R.  T.-B .  99 

BOOK  NOTES,  J.  R.  T.-B .  100 

NOTICE  .  100 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  $3.50  per  year;  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance;  single 
copies,  75  cents.  Advertising  rates  on  application.  Short  articles,  notes  and 
observations  of  interest  to  entomologists  are  solicited.  Authors  wili  receive  25 
reprints  free  if  ordered  in  advance  of  publication.  Address  subscriptions  and 
all  communications  to 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor, 


Vol.  XL111  OCTOBER,  1948  No.  4 

BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 
J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 
Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  December  2,  1948 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  Lancaster,  Pa., 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1948 
Honorary  President 
J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

President 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 

Vice  President  Treasurer 

4-  Secretary  R.  R.  McELVARE 

ALLAN  S.  NICOLAY  76  Ivy  Way, 

Port  Washington,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


SOME  REMARKS  ON  THE  TROMBICULINAE,  Fuller  101 

CANNIBALISM  IN  LEPTOCORIS  TRIVITTATUS,  Abbot  112 

NOTICE  . 113 

WORD  MADNESS,  Bradley  114 

ESPERANZA  TEXANA  IN  FLORIDA,  Hussey  115 

THEODORE  D.  A.  COCKERELL,  Linsley  116 

EIGHT  NEW  SPECIES  OF  TRICHOPTERA,  Denning  119 

A  NOTE  ON  COLPOCEPHALUM  AJAJAE,  Emerson  130 

WHY  NOT  CHECK  THE  LITERATURE  MORE  CAREFULLY, 

Breland  132 

MEMORIES  OF  J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO,  Olsen  135 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  Tulloch,  Teale  138 

NOTICE  .  140 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  ,J  une,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  $3.50  per  year;  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance:  single 
copies,  75  cents.  Advertising  rates  on  application.  Short  articles,  notes  and 
observations  of  interest  to  entomologists  are  solicited.  Authors  will  receive  25 
reprints  free  if  ordered  in  advance  of  publication.  Address  subscriptions  and 
all  communications  to 

J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor, 


Vol.  XLIII  DECEMBER,  1948  No,  5 

BULLETIN- 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


new  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 
J.  R.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 

Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  January  26,  1949 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  Lancaster,  Pa., 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS,  1948 
Honorary  President 
J.  R,  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 
President 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH 

Vice  President  Treasurer 

4 '  Secretary  R.  R  McELVARE 

ALLAN  S.  NICOLAY  76  Ivy  Way, 

Port  Washington,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Editor 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO 

Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


CONTENTS 


ENTOMOLOGY  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  J.  R,  T.-B.  141 

THE  TORRE-BUENO  COLLECTION,  Hungerford  .148 

A  RESOLUTION  OF  THE  SOCIETY  .  149 

SOME  MORE  ENTOMOLOGISTS,  J.  R.  T.-B.  .  150 

A  NECESSARY  CHANGE  OF  NAME  (HEMIPTERA),  Hussey  153 

J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE-BUENO,  Sherman  .  154 

ADDITIONAL  RECORDS  OF  BIRD  TICKS,  Bequaert  156 

OBSERVATIONS  ON  MUTILLID  WASPS,  Shappirio  157 

BOOK  NOTES,  Tulloch  159 

ADDITIONS  TO  VESPINE  BIOLOGY  VI,  Gaul  .  160 

BOOK  NOTES,  Tulloch  .  163 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  Teale,  Gaul  165 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  $3.50  per  year  :  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance  :  single 
copies,  75  cents.  Advertising  rates  on  application.  Short  articles,  notes  and 
observations  of  interest  to  entomologists  are  solicited.  Authors  will  receive  25 
reprints  free  if  ordered  in  advance  of  publication.  Address  subscriptions  and 
all  communications  to 


J.  It.  de  la  TORRE-BUENO,  Editor, 


Vol.  XL1V  FEBRUARY,  1949 


No.  1 


BULLETIN 


OF  THE 


Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 
JOSEPH  C.  BEQUAERT 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 
Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 


Mailed  March  23,  1949 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  nt  I  nnenster,  I'm., 
under  the  Act  ot  March  3,  187° 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  .are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS  1949 

President 

EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


Vice  President 

FREDERICK  T.  NAUMANN 
Secretary 

ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


T reasurer 

R.  R.  McELVARE 
26  Bogart  Ave., 
Port  Washington,  N.  Y. 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


CONTENTS 


CICINDELIDAE  FROM  SOUTH  TEXAS,  Vogt  1 

BEES  FROM  THE  SOLOMON  ISLANDS,  Krombein  10 

CRANE-FLIES  FROM  THE  NEARCTIC  REGION,  Alexander  15 

SWARMING  OF  EUREMA  NICIPPE,  Wilson  20 

MISSOURI  BEE-KILLER,  Bromley  .  21 

NOTES  ON  PUERTO  RICAN  BITING  MIDGES,  Fox  29 

BOOK  NOTES,  Tulloch  .  35 

SPIDER  FEEDS  ON  HONEYBEE,  Knowlton  36 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  $3.50  per  year  :  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance  :  single 
copies,  75  cents.  Advertising  rates  on  application.  Short  articles,  notes  and 
observations  of  interest  to  entomologists  are  solicited.  Authors  will  receive  25 
reprints  free  if  ordered  in  advance  of  publication.  Address  subscriptions  to  the 
Treasurer,  manuscripts  and  other  communications  to  GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH, 
Editor,  22  East  Garfield  Street,  Merrick,  New  York. 


Vol.  XLIV 


APRIL,  1949 

BULLETIN 


No.  2 


OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


new  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 
JOSEPH  C.  BEQUAERT 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 

Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  April  29,  1949 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  t He  post  office  at  1  ancastcr,  Pa., 
under  the  Act  ot  March  3,  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS  1949 
President 

EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


Vice  President 

FREDERICK  T.  NAUMANN 
Secretary 

ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


T  rcasurer 

R.  R.  McELVARE 
26  Bogart  Ave., 
Port  Washington,  N.  Y. 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 

ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


CONTENTS 


NEW  SPECIES  OF  NEARCTIC  CADDIS  FLIES,  Denning  .  37 

A  NEW  GENUS  OF  TEPHRITIDAE,  Quisenberry  .  49 

ORIUS  FEEDING  NOTES,  Knowlton  .  53 

BOOK  NOTE,  Tulloch  .  55 

ADENOSINE  TRIPHOSPHATE  FROM  INSECTS,  Albaum  .  56 

SARCOPHAGIDAE  FROM  THE  GREAT  SMOKY  MOUNTAINS, 

Steyskal  .  60 

SOME  NEW  DICYRTOMA,  Wray  .  61 

RHAGIONIDAE  FROM  THE  GREAT  SMOKY  MOUNTAINS, 

Steyskal  .  68 

ANOMIS  COMMODA  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  Franclemont  69 

FLIGHT  NOTES,  Buehholz  .  72 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  $3.50  per  year  ;  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance  ;  single 
copies,  75  cents.  Advertising  rates  on  application.  Short  articles,  notes  and 
observations  of  interest  to  entomologists  are  solicited.  Authors  will  receive  25 
reprints  free  if  ordered  in  advance  of  publication.  Address  subscriptions  to  the 
Treasurer,  manuscripts  and  other  communications  to  GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH, 
Editor,  22  East  Garfield  Street,  Merrick,  New  York. 


Vol.  XLIV 


JUNE,  1949 

BULLETIN 


No.  3 


OF  THE 


Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 
JOSEPH  C.  BEQUAERT 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 
Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 


Mailed  June  8,  1949 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  1  ancastcr,  Fa., 
under  the  Act  of  March  3,  187° 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS  1949 
President 

EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


Vice  President 

FREDERICK  T.  NAUMANN 
Secretary 

ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


T  reasurer 

R.  R.  McELVARE 
26  Bogart  Ave., 
Port  Washington,  N.  Y. 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


CONTENTS 


AMERICAN  SYRPHID  FLIES,  Hull  73 

STUDIES  ON  THE  COLEOPTERA,  Hatch  .  80 

DESCRIPTIVE  STUDY  OF  TRICIIODECTES  CANIS,  Crystal  89 

NEW  NEARCTIC  CRANE-FLIES,  Alexander .  98 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  SOCIETY,  Gaul  '  105 

BOOK  NOTES,  Gurney  .  107 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic,  S3. 50  per  year :  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance  :  single 
copies,  75  cents.  Advertising  rates  on  application.  Short  articles,  notes  and 
observations  of  interest  to  entomologists  are  solicited.  Authors  will  receive  25 
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Treasurer,  manuscripts  and  other  communications  to  GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH, 
Editor,  22  East  Garfield  Street,  Merrick,  New  York. 


Vol.  XLIV  October,  1949  No.  4 

BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 
JOSEPH  C.  BEQUAERT 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALL 

Published  for  the  Society  by 

Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  October  24,  1949 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  Lancaster,  l'a., 
under  the  Act  ol  March  3,  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS  1949 
President 

EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


Vice  President 

FREDERICK  T.  NAUMANN 
Secretary 

ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


T rcasurcr 

R.  R.  McELVARE 
26  Bogart  Ave., 
Port  Washington,  N.  Y. 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


CONTENTS 


STUDIES  ON  THE  PLECOPTERA,  Hanson .  .109 

PENESTIRELLUS  IN  NORTH  AMERICA,  DeLong  &  Hershberger  116 

THAUMAPHRASTUS  STUDIES,  Anderson .  121 

STUDIES  ON  THE  COTTON  JASSID,  Afzal  &  Ghani .  128 

NEW  ANOMALOUS  FLY,  Steyskal  .  134 

IDENTITY  OF  NEARCTIC  SIMULT1DAE,  Stone  138 

BOOK  NOTES,  Tulloch  .  140 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

February,  April,  June,  October  and  December  of  each  year 

Subscription  price,  domestic.  $3.50  per  year  :  foreign,  $3.75  in  advance  :  single 
copies,  75  cents.  Advertising  rates  on  application.  Short  articles,  notes  and 
observations  of  interest  to  entomologists  are  solicited.  Authors  will  receive  25 
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Treasurer,  manuscripts  and  other  communications  to  GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH, 
Editor,  22  East  Garfield  Street,  Merrick,  New  York. 


Vol.  XL1V 


DECEMBER,  1949 

BULLETIN 


No.  5 


OF  THE 

Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society 


NEW  SERIES 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE 
JOSEPH  C.  BEQUAERT 

GEORGE  S.  TULLOCH  EDWIN  W.  TEALE 

Published  for  the  Society  by 

Business  Press,  Inc. 

N.  Queen  St.  and  McGovern  Ave.,  Lancaster,  Pa., 

Price,  75  cents  Subscription,  $3.50  per  year 

Mailed  December  13,  1949 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  January  21,  1919,  at  the  post  office  at  Lancaster,  Pa., 
under  the  Act  of  March  3.  1879 


The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 

Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Thursday  after  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern 
Parkway  and  Washington  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  The  annual  dues  are  $2.00. 


OFFICERS  1949 

President 

EDWIN  WAY  TEALE 


Vice  President 

FREDERICK  T.  NAUMANN 

Secretary 

ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


Treasurer 

R.  R.  McELVARE 
26  Bogart  Ave., 
Port  Washington,  N.  Y. 


Delegate  to  Council  of  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences 
ALBRO  T.  GAUL 


CONTENTS 

A  NEW  GENUS  OP  THE  BLISSINAE,  Barber  141 

STUDIES  ON  THE  COTTON  JASSID:  IX,  Ghani  and  Afzal  145 

NEW  NEARCTIC  CRANE-FLIES,  Alexander  152 

GEOMETRID  NOTES,  Sperry  158 

COLOR  AND  PATTERN  OF  EYE  IN  DIPTERA,  Steyskal  103 


Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


Published  in 

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Editor,  22  East  Garfield  Street,  Merrick,  New  York. 


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WANTED.— MANTID  EGG  CASES  from  West  of  the  Mis¬ 
sissippi  River.  If  interested  in  collecting,  write:  Osmond  P. 
Breland,  The  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 

WILL  PURCHASE  complete  sets  of  the  Bulletin,  Old  Series, 
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Port  Washington,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

LEPIDOPTERA  AND  ORTHOPTERA  from  Florida  in  pa¬ 
pers  and  local  specimens  mounted  to  exchange  for  other  Lepidoptera. 
— Alex  K.  Wyatt,  5842  N.  Kirby  Avenue,  Chicago  (30),  Ill. 

WANTED — Geometrid  moths,  for  cash  or  exchange.  John  L. 
Sperry,  3260  Redwood  Drive,  Riverside,  Calif. 

CERAMBYCIDAE  AND  CHRYSOMELIDAE  from  Asia 
and  Pacific  desired  for  determination;  purchase;  exchange. — J. 
Linsley  Gressitt,  Lignan  University,  Canton,  China. 

FOR  COLEOPTERA  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES  and  Chrys- 
omelidae  of  the  world,  will  collect  entomological  material  from  Cuba, 
by  previous  arrangement.  Am  interested  in  buying  literature  in 
the  above-mentioned  classes,  and  would  be  glad  to  be  advised  by 
individuals  or  institutions  of  such  articles ;  or  to  send  them  to  me. 
Manuel  Barro,  Calle  12,  no.  220,  altos,  apto.  3,  Vedado,  Habana, 
Cuba. 

FOR  SALE — Die  Gross-Schmetterlinge  der  Erde  des  Palaeark- 
tischen  Faunengebietes.  Prof.  Dr.  Adalbert  Seitz,  Stuttgart, 
1915.  4  volumes  of  plates,  4  volumes  of  text.  Fred  T.  Naumann, 

17  Beekman  Terrace,  Summit,  N.  J. 

WANTED — Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phila.,  vols.  1-6;  Proc.  Calif. 
Acad.  (Nat.)  Sci.,  vols.  1-7;  Ent.  Amer.  (n.s.),  vols.  7-26; 
Psyche,  vols.  11,  13,  15;  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc..  vols.  1—10; 
Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  vols.  1-5;  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
vols.  1-20.  C.  F.  dos  Passes,  Mendham,  New  Jersey. 


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