The Bulletin of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture

ft

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH --•;:-

Vol. 38, No. 1 JANUARY, 1917 Whole No. 228

A DISCUSSION CONCERNING

THE RATIONAL USE OF LIME ON THE FARM

CONTAINING A
REVIEW OF EXTENSION CIRCULAR, NO. 24

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the PostoiBce at Raleigh, N. C, as second class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Edwaeds & Broughton Printing Co.
State Printers

OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES OF THE STATE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven --- First District

C. W. Mitchell Aulander Second District

R. L. WOODARD _ Pamlico -_ .Third District

Clauence Poe Raleigh , Fovirth District

R. \V. Scott .•_ Haw River... Fifth District

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District

C. C. WniGHT Hunting Creek Seventh District

Wm. Bledsoe ...Gale Eighth District

W. J. Shdford Hickory Ninth District

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District

OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

ExEcDTivE Office.

\V. A. Graham Commissioner Miss M. H. McKimmon ..Stenographer

K. \V. Barnes. -Secretary and Purchasing Agent C. W. H. Creiqhton ..Night Watchman

Miss S. D. Jones Book'p'r and Private Sec.

Analytical Division.

B. W. KiLGORE.. State Chemist R. W. Collett Assistant Test Farm Director

J. M. PiCKEL Feed Chemist Miss M. S. Birdsong ...Clerk and Stenographer

\V. G. Hay^'Ood .Fertilizer Chemist W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist L. L. Brinklet Soil Survey

E. S. Dewar . ...Assistant Chemist J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist

F. C. Wiggins Assistant Chemist W. E. Hearn* State Soil Agent— Soil Survey

D. M. McCarty, .\ssist. Chem., Animal Industry F. N. McDowell Soil Survey

Museum.

H. H. Brimley Curator Miss Annie Lewis... .Usher

T. W. Adicks . Assistant

Veterinary Division.

B. B. Flowe Veterinarian O. H. Graham Assistant

H. P. Flow Assistant Miss Margaret Newsom Stenographer

Division of Animal Industry.

Dan T. Gray*.: ..Chief in Animal Industry J. A. Arey* Assistant

Earl Hostetler Assistant A. L. Jordan*... .Beef Cattle Work

Alvin J. Reed* Dairy Field Work B. F. Kaupp* . Poultry Work

F. R. Farnham Cheese Work L. I. Case Assistant

J. Stanley Combs Assistant Miss Annie Duckett Stenographer

W. H. Eaton ..Dairy Experimentation Miss Emma Young Clerk

Division of Entomology.

Franklin Sherman Entomologist B. Szymoniak:*

R W Leiby Assistant Demonstrator in Fruit and Truck Crops

S. C. Clapp Field Work G. H. Rea Beekeeping

Division of Horticulture.

W. N. Hutt ...Horticulturist C. D. Matthews. Assistant

R. G. Hill ..Assistant Miss Elizabeth Griffin... Stenographer

Food and Oil Division.
W. M. Allen Pure Food and Oil Chemist E. W. Thornton.. Assistant

C. E. Bell Assistant George Little.... Oil Clerk

L. B. Rhodes Assistant Mi.ss S. G. Allen Stenographer

Division Farmers' Institutes.

T. B. Parker Director Institutes

Botany and Agronomy.

J. L. Burgess... ..Botanist and Agronomist Miss Louise Rademacher,

C. H. Waldron.. ..Assistant Assistant, Bacteriological Laboratory

Miss Mary KNiGHT..Assistant, Seed Laboratory

Cooperative Demonstration.

C. R. Hudson* State Demonstration Agent A. K. RoBERTSON*.Assistant, Boys' Corn Clubs

T. E. Browne* In Charge Boys' Corn Clubs Miss Louise Wright ...Stenographer

Girls' Demonstration Work.

Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon* In Charge Girls' Miss Grace Schaeffer,

Demonstration Work and Assistant Director Assistant in Home Demonstration Work

of Institutes Miss Mabel How ell... Clerk and Stenographer

Mips Minnie Jamison,* Miss Carrie Moses* ..Stenographer

Assistant in Home Demonstration Work

Drainage Work.

H. M. Lynde* Drainage Engineer F. R. Baker ..Assistant

Division of Agronomy.

C. B. WiLLiAMs'.Agronomist in Extension Work E. C. Blair Assistant

H. D. Lambert Assistant

Division of Cooperative Marketing.
W. R. Camp* Chief, Cooperative Marketing Miss Lella R. Smith... Stenographer

E. E. CuLBRETH A.ssistant

Office of Information.

F. H. Jeter Agricultural Editor A. O. Alford.... Maihng Clerk

D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk

TEST FARMS. .„ ,

J. II. Jkfferies ..Superintendent Pender Test Farm, Willard

F. T. Meacham.] .'."..'." Superintendent Iredell Test Farm, Statesville

C. E. Clark Superintendent Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount

S.F.Davidson Superintendent Buncombe Test Farm, Swannanoa

E. G. Moss Superintendent Granville Test Farm, Oxford

•In codpcration with the United States Department of Agriculture.

A DISCUSSION CONCERNING

THE RATIONAL USE OF LIME ON THE FARM

CONTAINING A
REVIEW OF EXTENSION CIRCULAR, No. 24

IXTRODUCTORT REMARKS BY THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE

To the People of North Carolina:

At my request, tlie Agronomist of the Department of Agriculture,
Prof. James L. Burgess, j^repared in 1915 Circular, "Lime Facts for
Landowners," and in 1916 Bulletin, jSTo. 220, "Relation of Calcium Car-
bonate (Ground Limestone and Marl) in the Soil to Acid Phosphate and
the Soil Phosphates," and I approved them for publication. The latter
of these publications was distributed as the May Bulletin of the De-
partment of Agriculture.

In September, 1916, the United States Experiment Station at West
Raleigh published, with the approval of the Director, Extension Circular,
No. 24, "How to Use Lime on the Farm," which controverts many of
the leading statements made in the above named publications written
by Mr. Burgess under my direction.

1 deem it expedient, therefore, to publish the following bulletin, as, in
part, a reply to Extension Circular, No. 24, in order that the farmers
may have an opportunity to weight the arguments on both sides of the
question and decide for themselves whose advice is more nearly correct,
and more nearly in accord with the farming interests of the State. The
bulletin contains a congratulatory letter from Nathaniel P. Pratt, pro-
l^rietor of the N. P. Pratt Commercial Chemical Laboratoiy of Atlanta,
Ga., the leading laboratory of the kind in the South. Dr. Pratt is,
moreover, considered one of the very best authorities on commercial
fertilizers in the United States. The bulletin also contains a brief re-
view of Extension Circular, No. 24, together with numerous collations
of evidence and citations of authorities in support of the position taken
by the Commissioner of Agriculture concerning the rational use of lime
vj on the farm. The Avhole of this bulletin was prepared by Mr. Burgess,
l2 at my request, and carefully reviewed by me before going to press.

-( Eespectfully, "W. A. Graham,

"^ . Commissioner of Agriculture.

4: The Bulletin

PROFESSOR BURGESS' LETTER IN REPLY TO COMMISSIONER
GRAHAM'S LETTER OF REQUEST

Kaleigh, N. C, November 30, 1916.
Hon. "W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture,

Raleigh, N. C.

Dear Sir : — lu compliance with your request of tlie 16tli inst., I am
handing you herewith a paper containing a discussion of the statements
found in Extension Circular, No. 24, issued by the United States Experi-
ment Station at West Ealeigh and approved by the Director of Extension
Service.

I have made an especial effort to be entirely just to the above named
circular, but, at the same time, to point out some of the errors and falla-
cies in its arguments and the inevitable effect of its teaching on the
agricultural interests of the State. Though a few unfamiliar terms may
have been used, an effort has been made to clothe the discussion in the
simplest and most understandable language the nature of the subject will
permit. Very truly yours,

James L. Burgess,

State Agronomist.

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE STATE AGRONOMIST

In the fall of 1913 the price of cotton ranged around 14 cents a pound.
In August, 1914, the European war broke out, and, as the result of this
war, the price of cotton dropped almost suddenly from 14 to 6.2 cents a
pound. The farmers had purchased fertilizers in the spring of 1914 on
the basis of 10- to 15-cent cotton in the fall. But when fall came, with
the disastrous drop in the price of lint, they found themselves not only
without sufficient funds to pay the fertilizer bills made the previous
spring, but, also, without funds with which to purchase fertilizers for
the crop of 1915, even though no advance in the prices of fertilizer
should occur. But very soon it was rumored that no potash could be
obtained from Germany, and that all fertilizer ingredients would, in all
probability, take a sympathetic rise and remain high until the war was
over. This rumor was soon known to be based on fact, and the farmer
found himself, without money, trying to buy fertilizer on a rising market.
This condition brought a crisis in the farm finances of the State, and the
farmer was compelled to cry out for help.

All the agricultural institutions of the State responded liberally with
"good advice," but the record shows that the State Legislature and the
State Department of Agriculture were the only institutions that were

The Bulletin 5

able to supplement their good advice ivith material aid. The Legislature
of 1915 passed the lime law and the Commissioner of Agriculture put it
into effect in a way that brought the price of mixed fertilizer down to
from one-half to one-third of the price asked by the fertilizer manufac-
turers. The farmer was thus enabled to cope with the situation, and
the years 19 15-1 G brought unusually good crops to ISTortli Carolina.
The record also shows that the farmers purchased less fertilizer for these
crops than they ever purchased before, for similar crops, in years past.
Thousands of tons of ground limestone and marl were used, and the
demand for these materials has increased by leaps and bounds; and
the indications are that the farmer is going to find himself able to get
even better crop results from the use of liberal amounts of limestone
mixed with limited amounts of his other fertilizer ingredients than he
has ever been able to get from these fertilizer ingredients used alone.
In the spring of 1916 the fertilizer market made a sharp advance, but
got such a set-back by the farmers that today the prices of acid phos-
phate and other fertilizer ingredients, except potash, are not thought to
be very greatly in excess of what they were before the European war
broke out.

In his efforts to carry out the lime law in a practical and efficient
manner, the Commissioner of Agriculture in 1915 issued a circular
entitled "Lime Facts for Landowners/' in which he discouraged the use
of "burned lime" for agricultural purposes and encouraged the use of
lime carbonate or ground limestone instead. In May, 1916, he issued
another bulletin entitled "TJie Relation of Calcium Carbonate (Ground
Limestone and Marl) in the Soil to Acid Phosphate and the Soil Phos-
phates."

In September, 1916, the United States Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion at West Raleigh, IST. C, issued Extension Circular, No. 24, entitled
"How to Use Lime on the Farm," and sent it to the farm demonstration
agents and other agricultural extension workers throughout the State,
thus giving it the greatest possible publicity.

In this circular public contradiction was made of many of the leading
statements contained in both of the above named publications issued by
the Commissioner of Agriculture. This, of course, brought about a very
unfortunate situation between the North Carolina Department of Agri-
culture and the United States Agricultural Experiment Station, as both
of these institutions could not be right in this matter; one of them must
of necessity be in error, and the public must suffer in consequence of
the publication of this erroneous information.

We regret that the arrangement of the following discussion cannot be
considered entirely logical; but an effort has been made to follow the
circular, which has not been prepared with much care in this respect.

The Bulletin

DISCUSSION OF STATEMENTS CONTAINED IN EXTENSION CIRCULAR,

No. 24

The following discussion is offered the people of North Carolina in
order to show them the reliability and trustworthiness of the statements
made in "Lime Facts for Landowners" and Bulletin i^o. 220, put out by
the Commissioner of Agriculture, and the danger to the economic agri-
cultural developm,ent of the State that would inevitably follow the adop-
tion of the teachings of Extension Circular, No. 2Jf, put out by the
Director of the United States Experiment Station at West Raleigh.

CAUSTIC LIME.

First, attention will be called to the advice given in Extension Cir-
cular, No. 24, concerning the use of caustic lime for agricultural pur-
poses. But before proceeding with this particular phase of this publica-
tion, it will be well to say that every informed agriculturist admits
that all normal plant growth requires certain amounts of phosphate,
potash, lime, and nitrogen in the soil. All of these plant-food con-
stituents must be present in the soil, having been placed there by nature,
or must be supplied from outside sources. Phosphate, potash, nitrogen,
and lime are the ones most often purchased, the other necessary-
elements being generally abundantly present in normal soils. As a
rule, that constituent, or those constituents, in which the soil is most
deficient are the ones that are most often subjects of purchase.

It will also be well to say, at the outset, that burned or caustic lime
was almost the only form of lime the people of America could get till
limestone grinding machinery came into use, and that the custom of
using burned lime became general from necessity. Nevertheless, burned
lime has always been recognized as too concentrated a form of lime for
agricultural purposes, and objectionable not only on account of the
difficulty of handling, and the high original cost, but also on account of
its detrimental effect on the potential fertility of the land. While farm-
ers may, and some do, use caustic lime with good results, they all say
large amounts of organic matter must be added to the soil in connection
with it ; otherwise, their lands will soon deteriorate in potential fertility-
The wisdom gathered from the experience of the ages, in the use of
caustic lime the world over, is crystallized in the well known proverb,
"Lime and lime without manure makes both farm and farmer poor."

Now to Extension Circular, No. 24. In paragraph 1 of this circular
the idea is conveyed that few farmers know how to use lime, and that
unless great care is taken disastrous results are sure to follow its use.
If burned lime alone is meant, the cry of warning is quite timely; but
if iniburnod lime is to bo included in the remarks, the advice is essen-
tially wrong nnd misleading, as this form of lime tends only to build
up and not to tear down the soil. There is, perhaps, no element of plant

The Bulletin 7

food that can be used alone for as long a time with as gogd results on the
average North Carolina soil as ground limestone.

In the same paragraph the useless warning is sounded against depend-
ing on lime alone, as no one is ever likely to advocate such a general
practice in our present state of knowledge. It is true, however, as
the circular admits, that there are many soils in the State that need
only lime to enable them to produce large yields for many years. In
such cases the limestone corrects any soil acid and reacts with the abun-
dant mineral and nitrogenous constituents of the soil and renders them
available for plant growth. In such soils as these unhurned lime alone
can be depended upon to give large yields of our general crops for years
in succession. Indeed, one of the leading functions of unhurned lime
in agriculture is to enable the farmer to utilize hi^ otherwise unavailable
stores of native plant foods.

The whole of paragraph 1, page 3, of the circular seems to be intended
as a warning to the farmer against the use of lime ; and, as the circular
does not say what form of lime is being discussed, the farmer is left
free to apply the spirit of the paragraph to unhurned as well as burned
lime. He may thus fear to use either form, and lose heavily by the
advice given.

In the first part of paragraph 2, page 3, the circular states that lime
is good for legumes, but seldom needed for such crops as cotton, corn,
etc. In the same paragraph, however, it says: "The writer has seen
applications of lime made to soils in a sour condition change the
yield of corn from what was a complete failure the year previous
to splendid yields the year following the application. In cases
like this the chemical and physical conditions of the soil were such
that, although the soil had abundant plant food for large yields for
many years, yet ordinary crops like corn would not grow to any
extent until these conditions were made suitable for their growth.
When lime was added it neutralized or destroyed the acidity of
the soil and at the same time improved its physical and chemical
condition and its biological character to such an extent that after-
wards, for years, the yields were good." And, in spite of all this,
lime is not classed as a plant food, but as a plant medicine, forsooth,
notwithstanding it is absolutely essential to the development of the plant
tissues, and is found as a necessary constituent of these tissues. The
fact of the matter is that ground limestone and marl are both direct and
indirect plant foods of inestimable value, if properly applied, to all
l^orth Carolina soils.

In the last part of paragraph 2, page 4, the circular lays great stress
on soil exhaustion from the use of lime. It says lime liberates inert
potash, phosphoric acid, and nitrogen more rapidly than they would be
liberated by natural causes in the absence of lime. '* Hence," it says,
*'lime tends to hasten the exhaustion of these constituents of the

8 The Bulletin

soil rather than build the soil up, especially when lime is used
alone and continuously without fertilizer on poor soil." If refer-
ence is made here to caustic lime only, we agree entirely with the con-
clusion ; but if the intention is to inchide unburned lime, the conclusion
is erroneous and misleading, because we have ample experimental evi-
dence to show that carbonate of lime has a direct tendency to build up
and not to exhaust the fertility of the soil. But the circular fails to
define the term "lime," which to the popular mind always means burned
lime, and thus the publication becomes doubly harmful — the reader does
not dare move either one way or the other for fear he will make a disas-
trous mistake.

In. section 1, chapter 265, Public Laws of ISTorth Carolina, 1915, we
find "that only unburned lime shall be deemed lime for agricultural
purposes," thus defining by legislative enactment the form of lime best
suited for agricultural purposes.

It seems that there has been an especial effort made to confuse the
farmer in the matter of purchasing lime for crop purposes by multiply-
ing the number of terms or names under which it is sold. While
there is no fertilizing ingredient of easier application or of simpler
composition than agricultural lime, still, when the farmer attempts to
make a purchase, he may be confronted by any one of the following
twenty-six different names and be hard put to it to know just which kind
to choose. The different names under which the farmer is likely to
find agricultural lime offered on the market are as follows :

Air-slaked lime Quicklime

Hydrated lime Builder's lime

Rock lime Stone lime

Prepared lime Sulphate of lime

Caustic lime Land plaster

Burned lime Water-slaked lime

Barreled lime Unslaked lime

CaCo3 lime Agricultural lime

Unburned lime Marble

Precipitated lime Calcium oxide

Carbonate of lime Shell lime

Marl-lime Gypsum

But since there is but one form of lime suitable for general agricul-
tural purposes, namely, the carbonate form, the Legislature deemed it
best to suppress the above mischief-making list of terms and confine the
terms used to designate the carbonate form of lime to "limestone" and
"marl." On page 7 of Extension Circular, No. 24, however, Ave find
fifteen of these different names for lime, all of which, the circular says.

The Bulletin 9

are suited for agricultural pui-jDoses. The circular thus aids in mystify-
ing the farmer on the subject of agricultural lime.

At the bottom of page 4 we find this statement : '< If a heavy growth
Of some green manure crop is turned under, especially in the
spring, an application of lime or marl should first be made in order
to prevent the formation and accumulation of a large amount of
organic acids in the soil by the rotting of the crop turned under."
From the best evidence at hand, the only man who can wisely follow
this advice, for the reasons offered, is the man who has wet lands (and
here an application of drainage is likely to give better results than an
application of marl), or lands that are already heavily charged with
organic matter and are, in addition to this, water-logged throughout most
of the year ; and even here the use of lime is largely unnecessary for the
purpose named, as it is the old, not the new, organic matter that pro-
duces the acids. On well drained, thoroughly aerated, upland soils the
decaying organic matter does not produce acids, but alkalis, in the form
of ammonia, in the early stages of decay; and this ammonia counteracts
any organic acid produced simultaneously with its evolution. Well
drained upland soils that are well supplied with organic matter are
rarely excessively acid, as every farmer knows; and lime used on these
soils should be used for an entirely different purpose from that of
correcting acidity.

On page 5 we find : '^If carbonate of lime (ground limestone or
ground oyster shells) be used, it may go on in the spring with less
danger of injury to the seed of the crop than when either of the two
forms mentioned above is used." Here the idea is clearly given that
there is danger of mjuring the seed of certain crops hy their coming in
contact with ground limestone or marl. It is hardly probable that any
intelligent agriculturalist in the world would corroborate this idea. The
idea is entirely erroneous and gravely misleading, as ground limestone
and marl have no injurious effect whatever on any seed of any crop
known. On the other hand, burned lime is injurious to seeds or any
other organic matter with which it comes in contact.

On the same page we find this expression: "The carbonate or air-
slaked form of lime does not act as energetically as do the quick
and water-slaked forms." Here, the idea is clearly given that car-
bonate of lime and air-slaked lime are one and the same thing, which
is not correct. Air-slaked lime, according to Van Slyke, is highly caus-
tic, whereas carbonate of lime Avill not corrode or burn any organic
matter whatever.

On page 6 is found this stntomeiit: "Never mix lime, especially in
the caustic or water-slaked forms, with any material containing
ammonia before applying it to the soil, because the lime would tend
to set free and thus lose some of the ammonia in the atmosphere.

10 The Bulletin

For this reason it is exceedingly unwise to mix lime directly with
stable manure." Of course, tlie reference here is to burned lime only,
as this is the only form of lime which does attack and injuriously affect
any form of organic matter. We agree entirely with the spirit of this
statement, hut do not understand why caustic lime will attack and in-
juriously affect organic material containing ammonia before applying
it to the soil, and will not attack this material after it has been applied
to the soil. It would seem that caustic lime that would liberate am-
monia from organic matter out of the soil would also liberate it from
this organic matter pi the soil; but, in spite of the advice given above,
the circular advocates the use of burned lime spread directly on the land
and worked into the soil with agricultural implements, thus forcing this
caustic substance into direct contact with the soil humus where the
liberation of ammonia can go on without hindrance.

On the same page, after naming the various forms of lime, as caustic,
carbonate, and hydrated, the circular states : "As all three of these
forms of lime are suited for agricultural purposes, it becomes im-
portant in purchasing to know the relative equivalents in actual
lime (calcium oxide)." Here Ave have the plain statement that
burned lime is suitable for agricultural purposes, and a little further on,
on page 8, we find the circular advocating the use of burned lime or
carbonate of lime, depending solely on the delivered cost of equivalent
amounts of calcium oxide. Here we find it also emphasizing the idea
that, freight rates and other items of cost considered, it will be found
cheaper to buy lime in the caustic form than in the carbonate form.
But let us see how this proposition works out :

From our general correspondence we selected letters containing quota-
tions on burned "agricultural lime" from Tyrrell, Wilson, Lenoir, Pen-
der, and Craven counties, as representing the great bulk of the territory
over which burned lime has been and is most generally used.

Assuming that the limestone from which the "agricultural lime" was
burned to be pui'e calcium carbonate (which is almost never the case),
and to burn into 1,120 pounds of calcium oxide for every ton of calcium
carbonate used, we find that it will take about 4,500 pounds of our high-
grade marl to equal, in calcium oxide content, one ton of this pure burned
"agricultural lime."

Now one ton of this pure "agricultural lime" will cost, as an average
of the five counties named, $8.27 a ton, laid down at the station; while
enough high-grade marl to make one ton of this burned "agricultural
lime" will cost, as an average of the five counties named, $5.08 laid down
at the station, thus making a difi'erence of $3.19 a ton in favor of buying
lime in the carbonate form rather than in the caustic form as advocated
in the circular. Or, to put the same facts differently :

The Bulletin 11

On an average, one ton burned lime laid down in

North Carolina costs about $8.27

Enough unburned lime to make a ton burned lime

costs S-^^

Difference in favor of unburned lime $3.19

It is plain, therefore, that the advice of Extension Circular, No. 24, in
this case, is wholly wrong, and if followed by the farmers would cost
them untold thousands of dollars.

To show what this advice would have cost the farmers during the past
fifteen months, had they made their purchases of lime in accordance with
these views, we have only to multiply the 18,000 tons of lime carbonate
by 56 per cent to get the number of tons of burned lime contained in it,
and this result by $3.19. This gives us $32,155.20 as the actual cash loss
that would have been unavoidably sustained in the original outlay.
Now, the most reliable experiments with the use of burned lime as com-
pared with unburned lime show conclusively that, on the average, about
$7 worth of soil nitrogen is destroyed for every ton of burned lime used.
Multiplying the 10,080 tons of burned lime by $7 gives us the additional
loss of $70,560 to be added to the original loss of $37,296, making a
grand total loss of $102,715.20 the farmers would have sustained had
they taken the advice given in Extension Circular, No. 24, rather than
that contained in the circular entitled "Liirie Facts for Landowners:'

At the bottom of page 8 reference is made to the results of some experi-
ments conducted with caustic lime on the Iredell Test Farm, stating
that " In securing these results lime has been applied at the rate of
500 pounds of burned lime or 1,000 pounds of slaked lime per acre."
It is well known that the soils of the Iredell Test Farm are very low in
organic matter content. The use of caustic lime, therefore, would hardly
be expected to be attended with favorable results on crops that were not
members of the legume family, as the first effect of the lime would be to
sterilize the soil, deplete it of a part of its organic matter, and thus
reduce bacterial action and prevent the maximum evolution of ni-
trates. The results here, therefore, showed no gain in the cotton crop
from the use of burned lime; neither were there any favorable results
with lime on cotton at the Kaleigh Station, the soils of which are very
similar to those of the Iredell Farm in organic matter content. When,
however, caustic lime was used on cotton at the Edgecombe Farm good
results were secured, because, as the saying goes, "There is organic
matter to burn" in the soils of this farm. The good results here were
secured, doubtless, not only from the incidental sweetening of the sour
soils, but also from the liberation of an excess of nitrogen from the large
supply of humus in these sandy loams. The results with corn here were
similar to those with cotton.

12 The Bulletin

On page 11 we find this statement: "At the Iredell Farm the aver-
age results show that lime, whether used alone or in combination
with fertilizing materials carrying nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and
potash, was used at a loss. On a whole, indications were that for
the growing of corn the soil on this farm does not especially need
lime when corn, cotton, small grains, and similar crops have been
grown continuously on the land, but that they are benefited by
lime when peas, clover, and similar crops have been grown and
turned back into the soil, thereby adding a large amount of vege-
table matter to it." In other words, caustic lime did no good where
there was no organic matter to burn, but when large amounts of organic
matter were added this caustic lime proceeded to burn this organic
matter and liberate enough nitrogen and ammonia to make a showing
in the succeeding crop. The experiments on the Buncombe Farm show,
also, that the caustic lime was profitable in growing the corn crop,
especially where large amounts of organic matter were transmitted or
added to the soil. This, it will be seen, is a strong argument against
the use of burned lime for agricultural purposes, as no results of im-
portance were secured anywhere unless large amounts of humus were
supplied on which this caustic material could wreak its vengeance.

On page 9 are two soil analyses that show a calcium oxide content of
5,000 to 8,000 pounds to the acre. These analyses are misleading, as
there can be no caustic lime in any soil unless placed there by man.
The lime is in a silicate and, therefore, unavailable form in these ISTorth
Carolina soils.

ACTION OF BURNED AND UNBURNED LIME ON SOIL HUMUS.

Let us now turn to the literature on the relative efficiency of carbonate
lime and burned lime for maintaining soil fertility, and for other agri-
cultural purposes as discovered by the leading agricultural thinkers and
experimenters of the present generation, and we will find that ground
limestone and burned lime are about as much alike in their action as
water and fire. Both cause a necessary liberation of the nitrogen from
the organic matter of the soil for use in the production of the crop. But
the two forms of lime liberate the nitrogen in two very different chemical
bodies that act very differently toward the.potential fertility of the land.

Ground limestone neutralizes any excessive acidity and otherwise
creates a favorable condition for the growth and multiplication of
nitrate-forming organisms in the soil. These organisms attack the soil
humus and liberate its contained nitrogen and combine this nitrogen
with calcium or lime to make calcium nitrate; or with soda to form
sodium nitrate ; or with potash to build up saltpetre or potassium nitrate.
All of these nitrogenous compounds are nonvolatile, solid bodies, that
are readily dissolved in the soil water and taken up by the crop. Little
or none is lost by leaching under normal conditions, as the crop takes it

The Bulletin 13

up as fast as formed. All of the soil nitrogen thus developed from the
soil humus is utilized to create more humus, and thus increase the sup-
ply in the soil. The action is comparatively slow, and the soil organ-
isms, collecting nitrogen from the air at the same time they are extract-
ing it from the organic matter of the soil, greatly increase the total
supply of soil nitrogen over and above the amount originally contained
in the soil humus. The growing crop, thus enabled to use both the free
nitrogen of the air and the combined nitrogen of the soil, will, under
favorable conditions of agricultural practice, not only maintain but even
increase the organic matter content of the soil while producing satisfac-
tory yields for the farmer. But not so with burned lime.

Burned lime attacks the organic matter of the soil just as vigorously
as it attacks one's flesh and destroys it by "eating away its substance
through chemical action." During this process of chemical destruction
of the organic matter, nitrogen is set free just as it is set free when one
burns a pound of beefsteak on the stove or burns his corn stalks and
cotton stalks in the field. But when caustic lime acts on soil humus
it first kills the nitrate-forming organisms and liberates the nitrogen,
not in the form of a nonvolatile nitrate, but in the form of ammonia — a
gas that escapes from the soil into the air and is lost to the farmer and
to his land. Caustic lime burns the organic matter of the soil just as
fire burns wood; and as the smoke from the furnace contains nitrogenous
gases, so the exhalations from soils treated with caustic lime contain, in
a gaseous form, the nitrogen of the rapidly oxidizing humus.

As this ammonia is escaping upward through a moist soil some of it
is held in solution by the soil water and is filially oxidized to a nitrate
and used by the plant; but all that fails to be caught in the meshes of
the moist soil is, of course, lost, and the land relatively reduced in
fertility. It is a common experience that caustic lime gives as good and,
in some cases, better immediate results than ground limestone; but the
experience is equally common that a large crop by the use of caustic
lime this year means a reduced potential fertility and a decreased crop
yield the years following. Ground limestone does all the good things
burned lime will do, and none of the bad things.

CITATION OF AUTHORITIES.

There is an overwhelming amount of experimental evidence to show
that unburncd lime is at all times and from every point of view to be
preferred to caustic or burned lime for agricultural purposes. Such
men as Dr. L. L. Van Slyke of New York, Wheeler of Rhode Island,
Hopkins of Illinois, A. D. Hall of England, and a host of other experi-
menters and leading thinkers the world over all agree that from a general
soil improvement standpoint ground limestone is in every way superior
to burned lime.

14 The Bulletin

Experiment Station Record, vol. 28, page 62-i, Moores, Hampton,
and Hunter of the Tennessee Station, in their investigations of the
effect of caustic lime and green manure on the content of nitrogen and
humus in the soil, state : "Where the cowpea crop was turned under each
year for five years there was found, at the end of that time, on the
unlimed sections, an increase of 3.79 per cent of humus, as an average
of the 12 plats, but neither gain nor loss on the corresponding limed
sections. Where the cowpea crop was removed for five years there was
an apparent gain of 2.38 per cent on the unlimed section as an average
of the four plats, but an apparent loss of 3.17 per cent in the correspond-
ing limed sections." Where caustic lime was used and the cowpea crop
turned under and neither gain nor loss of humus was shown, we have a
concrete illustration that the caustic lime burned up the organic matter
as fast as it was supplied by the turning in of the crop. Where the
cowpea crop was removed for five years, there was a difference in the
humus content of the soil of over 5 per cent in favor of the sections
which had not been treated with caustic lime.

In a letter received from the West Virginia Experiment Station we
find a discussion of the results of an experiment in the use of caustic
lime on soils of that station low in organic matter content. These results
show that when these relatively poor soils were treated with complete
fertilizer the nitrogen content was increased 728 pounds to the acre dur-
ing a fifteen-year period, and that the humus content, during the same
time, was increased 14,856 pounds. But when caustic lime was added
to the complete fertilizer the nitrogen content was reduced from 728 to
213 pounds to the acre, and the humus content from 14,856 to 2,586
pounds. When manure alone was used on this land the nitrogen con-
tent was increased 1,323 pounds, and the humus content 26,098 to the
acre during the fifteen-year period. But when caustic lime was used on
the land with the manure the nitrogen content was lowered from 1,323
to 870 pounds, and the organic matter content from 26,089 to 19,481
pounds. When caustic lime was used alone it lowered the nitrogen
content 92 pounds from what it was before the lime was used, and the
organic matter content was reduced 3,235 pounds below the normal
amount in the soil at the beginning of the experiment.

In an address before the Legislature of Virginia in January, 1912,
Dr. Cyril G. Hopkins stated : "For many years I have searched the
records of agricultural history and investigation, and I have not found
evidence in favor of using caustic lime in preference to lime carbonate."

In "Ground Limestone for Southern Soils" Dr. Hopkins says: "The
most extended investigations on record relating to the use of ground lime-
stone and caustic lime in comparative tests have been conducted by the
Pennsylvania Experiment Station. After twenty years results had been
secured the Pennsylvania Station reports data showing that the land
treated with ground limestone had produced, per acre, during the twenty

The Bulletin 15

years, 99 bushels more corn, 116 bushels more oats, 13 bushels more
wheat, and 51/2 tons more hay than the land treated with caustic lime.

"Moreover, after these investigations had been in progress for sixteen
years soil analysis showed that the caustic lime had destroyed 4^/2 tons
of hunms and dissipated 375 pounds of nitrogen per acre as compared
with the ground limestone. Thw means that every ton of caustic lime
used had destroyed the equivalent of 41/2 tons of farm inanure, and had
disdpated soil nitrogen that would cost about $7 to replace in commer-
cial form."

Dr. Frear of the Pennsylvania Station says, in discussing these inves-
tigations : "In each case the yields with the carbonate of lime (ground
limestone) showed superiority under conditions of this experiment over
those following an equivalent application of caustic lime."

In the same publication, page 8, Dr. Hopkins says: " Half -informed
people often advise farmers to use ground limestone or turned lime,
depending only upon the relative cost for equivalent quantities; but,"
says he, "dare we ignore the enormous destruction of humus or organic
matter and the dissipation of soil nitrogen as shown by the long con-
tinued Pennsylvania experiments, and fully confirmed by the more recent
Tennessee experiments? On the contrary, these modem carefully con-
ducted chemical investigations as to the effect of caustic lime upon the
soil itself forcibly remind us of the long established opinion of European
farmers concerning caustic lime, that lime makes the fathers rich, but
the sons poor." In other words, caustic lime hums out the organic
matter; gives excessive stimulation to the present crop; liberates and
destroys the soil nitrogen; and greatly reduces the potential fertility of
the land.

On October 23 we addressed a letter to the experiment stations through-
out the United States and its island possessions, asking them which, in
their opinion, is better to use, caustic lime or carbonate of lime, in
cropping systems where the development and maintenance of a good
supply of humus or organic matter is necessary to the production of
economic yields. Up to this time 45 stations have replied. Out of the
45 that have replied, 32 prefer the ground limestone to caustic lime,
6 have no opinion. in the matter, and 7 make no choice between the two
forms of lime for agricultural purposes. Four of the stations, Penn-
sylvania, Tennessee, and "West Virginia, and Maryland have actually
tested the relative value of the two forms of lime for agricultural pur-
poses, and these stations are loud in their condemnation of the caustic
or burned form.

The net result, then, of the advice given in extension circular, No. 2Jf,
to the farmers of North Carolin-a concerning the use of Caustic Lime on
their poor, run-down soils is the constant and systematic reduction of
the humus supply of their laiids and the consequent cutting off of the
viatural supply of cheap soil nitrates, and the forcing of these farmers
into the fertilizer marlcet to huy high-priced ammoniated goods with

16 The Bulletin

which to supply the necessary nitrogen for normal crop production. Look
at the facts from whatever angle one may, the logic of the situation drives
one to this inevitable conclusion.

RELATION OF LIME CARBONATE TO ACID PHOSPHATE.

We will now turn to another and more important phase of this matter,
namely, that in which the circular contradicts the advice given in
Bulletin ISTo. 220, concerning the mixing of ground limestone with acid
phosphate and ammoniated fertilizers and as a substitute for potash in
the fertilizer formula, and for prolonging the availability and increas-
ing the efficiency of the acid phosphate in the soil.

On page 6 we find this statement : "Generally, it will be unwise to
mix finely ground limestone with acid phosphate, as it is illogical
and unwise, for the reason that the lime is likely to have an in-
jurious effect upon the available phosphoric acid content in the acid
phosphate." While the Pennsylvania Station mixed caustic lime with
soluble phosphate with excellent results. Bulletin ISTo. 220 of the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture does not advise such practice. It
does advise, however, the mixing of ground limestone and marl with acid
phosphate for the double purpose of suhstituting lime carhonate for
potash in the fertilizer formula and for preventing the imm,ediate for-
mation of the insoluble phosphates of iron and aluminum in the soil; and
this advice has been taken with gratifying results by dozens of farmers
the past season. In support of its proposition the Extension Circular,
JSTo. 24, cites some work by Brackett & Freeman of the South Carolina
Experiment Station in which they found that acid phosphate mixed with
ground limestone tended to revert from the monocalcium to the trical-
cium form. JSTo other experiment in support of this proposition is cited.
But the following quotation from a letter from the J. L. Yance Fertili-
zer Company of Chilhowie, Va., 1914, will show the seriousness of the
above objection :

"We have also made tests as to the effect of ground limestone causing
reversion of available phosphoric acid, and while we have found that
there is a slight reversion after the limestone has been alloived to set in
the mixture for two or three months, there is no appreciable reversion
where it is used within a reasonable time. Even where it is allowed to
set as much as three or four months, the reversion is not sufficient to be
an objection.

"Our experience with ground limestone is that it puts our goods into
the finest possible mechanical condition, and we prefer it to anything we
have tried in the way of a filler."

On the same page of the circnlnr avp find a plon for the manufncturors
of acid phosphate, as follows: "The manufacturer of acid phosphate
has gone to considerable expense and trouble to put upon the
market a material which will contain a higher per cent of available

The Bulletin 17

phosphoric acid. If the farmer, after buying acid, mixes with
it lime and lets the mixture stand for some length of time, it is
probable, under ordinary conditions, a material quantity of the
available phosphoric acid may be changed to the insoluble form."

Now, if the luixiiig of acid phosphate with ground limestone is going to
cause the acid phosphate to be less available to the crop, wc can see no
reason why the fertilizer manufacturer should, on financial grounds,
have any objection to raise, as such action on the part of the farmer
would cause him to buy more acid phosphate in order to produce normal
crop yields. The fertilizer manufacturer, therefore, might welcome
rather than oppose the mixing of ground limestone with acid phosphate.
On the other hand, if the mixing of ground limestone with acid phos-
phate is going to prevent the formation of the insoluble phosphates
of iron and aluminum, and promote the foinnation of di-calcium phos-
phate, and thus prolong the availability of the phosphate in the soil,
and enable the farmer to utilize, not a small part, but the whole of his
application, and, in this way increase crop production, and at the same
time lower the cost, the fertilizer manufacturer might, pursuing a narrow
and shortsighted business policy, object to the farmer making any such
mixture of his acid and limestone.

On the same page we find the broadcasting of lime advocated to the
exclusion of mixing it with the fertilizer ingredients, as follows: "In
using lime on a soil that is to receive an application of acid phos-
phate alone, or mixed with other materials, the best plan to follow
will be to add the lime broadcast, work it into the soil with a har-
row, and then apply the acid phosphate, or acid phosphate mixture
in the drill just before the crop is planted." This method of apply-
ing lime or limestone insures the least possible contact with the acid
phosphate in the fertilizer mixture, and insures the greatest amount of
reversion possible with the iron and aluminum oxides of the soil. The
locking up of the soluble phosphates into iron and aluminum compounds
seems to occur very quickly after the material is applied to the soil, and
it can be easily seen that this method of application will allow the great-
est possible mischief to be done before sufficient limestone can come in
contact with the soluble acid to arrest the process. To illustrate: An
acre of soil 6 inches deep weighs about two million pounds. On the
average North Carohna soil 1 per cent of limestone, broadcast and
worked into the soil, will be necessary to do any appreciable amount of
good in preventing the formation of iron and aluminum phosphates.
ISTow, it would take 10 tons of limestone to the acre to add 1 per cent of
lime carbonate to the soil to a depth of six inches, and no farmer is likely
to add this amount of limestone to his land at one time. Moreover, if
1 per cent of these red clayey soils were limestone added broadcast and
worked in to a depth of 6 inches and the acid phosphate put in the drill,
a simple mathematical calculation will show that the acid phosphate

18 The Bulletin

would come in contact with about a hundred times as much iron and
aluminum oxide as limestone in the same length of time, and, of course,
there would be nearly a hundred times as much acid revert with these
bases as with the calcium base. On the other hand, the mixing of the
limestone with the acid before applying it to the soil assures the least
possible amount of reversion to these insoluble compounds.

In Bulletin 140 of the ISTorth Carolina Experiment Station, published
in 1910, entitled "Fertilizer Experiments with Corn on the Piedmont
Red Clay Loam Soil," it is shown that 450 pounds of 14 per cent acid
phosphate to the acre was used for an increase, as an average of seven
years tests, of 10.9 bushels of corn and 814 pounds of stover to the acre.
This 450 pounds yearly acre application of acid phosphate contained 17
pounds of the element phosphonis, while the increase in the crop directly
attributable to the use of the acid phosphate contained only about 3
pounds of the element phosphorus, thus leaving 14 pounds of phosphorus
unaccounted for in the crop and locked up in available forms in the soil.
By this method of apjAication there had heen destroyed over 2,720
pounds of acid phosphate during the seven years, and only ahout J^SO
pounds utilized. This fact is not brought out in the discussion of the
experiment, however.

In the April Bulletin, ISTo. 195, published in 1914, the experiments
with the fertilization of cotton on the Edgecombe Test Farm show that
600 pounds of 14 per cent acid phosphate was used for an increase in
the crop, directly attributable to the use of the acid, of 356 pounds of
seed cotton as an average of seven years tests. The annual application of
600 pounds of acid phosphate carried 22 pounds of the element phos-
phorus, while the increase in the crop of 356 pounds of seed cotton
carried about 2 pounds of phosphorus, leaving 20 pounds unaccounted
for in the crop and locked up in unavailable forms in the soil, except
what was turned back into the land with the stalks and leaves. By this
method of application, therefore, there had heen put into the soil J^,200
pounds of acid phosphate, and a little over 250 pounds taken out in the
crop. Ahout 3,950 pounds had, heen locked up in unavailahle forms and
lost.

CITATION OF AUTHORITIES.

Prof. George Roberts of the Kentucky Experiment Station, in his
bulletin on "Use of Ground Limestone in Kentucky, " says: "If acid
phosphate is being used on soil deficient in limestone, the addition of
limestone will increase the efficiency of the acid phosphate." The follow-
ing results obtained on the London Experiment Field, Kentucky Agri-
cultural Station, will illustrate this point: "In 1911 soil with no treat-
ment produced 13.7 bushels of corn; with acid phosphate 25.1 bushels;
with acid phosphate and lime 38.0 bushels." In 1912 soil with no treat-
ment produced 20.7 bushels of corn; with acid phosphate 22.2 bushels
of com; with acid phosphate and lime 51.9 bushels of corn.

The Bulletin 19

On pages 259-60 of "Fertilizers and Manures" Dr. A. D. Hall of the
Rotliamsted Experiment Station, England, says : "But nitrogenous com-
pounds in the soil are not the only ones rendered more available by the
presence of carbonate of lime; both phosphoric acid and potash are
thereby kept or brought into a more soluble form. When soluble phos-
phates are applied to the land they are precipitated either as dicalcium
phosphate, ferric phosphate, or aluminum phosphate ; and on soils con-
taining any reasonable amount of calcium carbonate the dicalcium phos-
phate will predominate, while iron and aluminum phosphate will pre-
dominate on the sands and clays where calcium carbonate is lacking.
Now, the effective solubility of iron and aluminum phosphates in soil
water is very much below that of the precipitated calcium phosphate;
consequently, their phosphoric acid is much slower in reaching the plant,
which may remain short of this necessary constituent even though large
amounts of phosphates have been applied to the soil. Similarly, a soil
may contain considerable amounts of phosphoric acids which, in the
absence of lime, is combined with ferric oxide or alumina so as to be
in a highly insoluble condition. For example, a soil derived from the
marlstone (a geological formation in England) has been found to con-
tain 84 hundredths of 1 per cent of phosphoric acid, but yet show great
response to phosphatic manures, because, at the same time, it contained
over 28 per cent ferric oxide and no calcium carbonate. Applications
of calcium carbonate are of great value on these soils because they form
a certain amount of calcium phosphate by interaction with the iron or
aluminum phosphates, and so increase the proportion of phosphoric
acid in the soil water."

In the annual report of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station
for 1909-1910 Drs. Ellett and Hill make the following significant ob-
servations: "Agricultural chemistry teaches us that the soluble phos-
phates are reverted or fixed, and when the combination takes place with
the iron and the aluminum compounds the probabilities are that the
reversion or fixation which occurs are in forms which remain forever
unavailable to plants. If this reversion takes place, it is folly to apply
large quantities of sohihle phosphates to the soil in which iron and
aluminum predominate over the other bases, as four-fifths of it woidd he
forever lost, and would he dead capital on the farmer's hands."

After conducting some very carefully planned and ingeniously devised
experiments to test the matter, these gentlemen had the warning sounded
in the above quotation amply confirmed. In discussing the results of
their experiments, Drs. Ellett and Hill state, on pages 54-55 of the above
named publication, that "A review of these experiments conducted with
the solvents used to determine the availability of phosphoric acid in
soils and fertilizers show that the substances found in the different soil
types fix phosphoric acid from water solutions into compounds of
different solubility. The hydroxides of iron and aluminum lock up or

20 The Bulletin

fix 60 to 70 per cent of tlie water-soluble phosphates into insoluble, or,
as measured by these solvents, into unavailable form. Where lime was
mixed with equal quantities of iron and aluminum hydroxides the
fixation of phosphoric acid was not so great, as 57 per cent was
available, showing that a part combined with the lime. Where calcium
and magnesium carbonates were used as a fixing agent the resulting
compounds tvere completely dissolved and would have to be classed as
available." The entire contents of the May Bulletin, ISTo. 220, of the
North Carolina Department of Agriculture should noAV be read carefully
for further information on this subject. This bulletin contains fertilizer
formulas in which limestone is substituted for potash and mixed with
acid phosphate and cotton-seed meal.

The farmers were urged to use these formulas the past season in which
lime carbonate is substituted for potash and mixed with acid phosphate
and cotton-seed meal to make a complete mixture for our general farm
crops, including tobacco. Some forty or more took the advice of Bulle-
tin No. 220 and used the formulas.

Thirty-one of these farmers have reported results by letter which we
have on file for public inspection, while ten or twelve reported verbally.
Out of the forty or more who actually tested the advice given in
Bulletin JSTo. 220, thirty-nine were highly pleased with the results, while
the other three could not make a definite statement on account of the wet
weather. A number of them said they got as good results by using these
formulas, that cost them, perhaps, not over $15 a ton, as from the
regular 8-2-2 that cost, last season, over $30 a ton. It will be seen, there-
fore, that in addition to the unimpeachable evidence already given, we
have here thirty-nine witnesses for Bulletin ISTo. 220, and against Exten-
sion Circular, No. 24, which opposes such action on the part of the
farmers.

The following letter from the N. P. Pratt Commercial Fertilizer
Laboratones in Atlanta, Ga., will show what the leading commercial
fertilizer experts of the South think of the contents of Bulletin No. 220,
concerning the mixing of ground limestone with acid phosphate.. The
letter follows ; copy of the analysis referred to follows this letter :

Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 1916.
Hon. W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture,
Raleigh, N. C.
Dear Sir: — My attention has just been called to the Bulletin of the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture, Whole No. 220, which has been issued
to the people of the Slate by your direction. Please permit me to congratu-
late you on the publication of this bulletin in the interest of agriculture in
North Carolina. Your recommendations constitute a forward movement in
the interest both of the farmers and of the manufacturers and mixers of
commercial fertilizers, and its good effects are going to be heard from.

There is one point in connection with the use of natural lime carbonate
as a part of the commercial fertilizer mixtures wliich appears not to have

The Bulletin * 21

been particularly noted, and this point is, to my mind, a vital one. I should
add that it fully explains the beneficial facts your bulletin calls attention to.

Illustrating what I mean, I am handing you a copy of an analysis of the
N. P. Pratt Laboratory, in which I have taken pains to have determined
the actual amount of free phosphoric acid in a representative sample
of acid phosphate thirty days old. Of course, you will recognize
that this free phosphoric acid, which is always present, shows in all
official analyses as "water-soluble" phosphoric acid, and no distinction
is drawn between the free phosphoric acid and the monocalcium phosphate,
both of which are soluble in water. Whenever free phosphoric acid is ap-
plied to the soil, it will immediately combine with the iron and aluminum
in that soil, and lose its solubility In water; but if it is brought into com-
bination, in process of manufacture, with ground limestone, it will combine
to form dicalcium phosphate, which is not only soluble in the ammonium
citrate solutions of the analytical methods, but it is most readily soluble
in the soil solution and much more available to the plant than the phosphates
of iron and alumina which would otherwise be presented in the soil to
the plant.

Prom the manufacturer's side of the case free phosphoric acid, which
absolutely and undoubtedly exists to a large extent in all acid phosphates,
is a nuisance from every point of view. It gums up his fertilizer machin-
ery; it destroys his bags, and it absolutely prevents him from safely mixing,
in his fertilizer formulas, the useful nitrate of soda without danger of its
decomposition and loss through its reaction with the free phosphoric acid
in acid phosphate.

We are learning something in America, and our practical Commissioners
of Agriculture can immensely aid to spi-e^d this information if they will go
after it like you are doing. Our people, both the manufacturers and the
farmers, have so long traveled in the beaten track of 10-2-2, or 9-2-3,
or 8-2-2, etc., in their fertilizer formulas, that the fertlizer manufacturer
and the farmer do not appear to understand the real composition and ap-
plicability of their goods. It is, therefore, certainly time that practical men
like yourself in official position should begin to spread useful information
for the benefit both of the manufacturer and the consumer.

We cannot suppose that any well posted agricultural chemist could main-
tain that the phosphates of iron and alumina are as desirable a plant food
as dicalcium phosphate is, notwithstanding some of these forms of phosphoric
acid are soluble in the ammonium citrate solution of the analytical methods;
and as commercial acid phosphate through its free phosphoric acid (and,
also, though more slowly, through its m'onocalcium phosphate) will readily
form, with the soil, phosphates of iron and alumina, I have reached the
conviction that the laws of the States ought, by preference, to require the
manufacturer to convert the free phosphoric acid, which is now so rampant
in his acid phosphates, into dicalcium phosphate by the use of lime car-
bonate, in order to forestall and prevent the quick formation in the soil of
the phosphates of iron and alumina.

Some of these days these facts will become so well recognized by well
informed agriculturists that we will wonder why we have so long shut our
eyes to patent chemical and plant- food facts; and as your Department is
the first, to my knowledge, in the Southern States to begin to see things
in the way they ought to be presented, I trust you will pardon this long
letter congratulating you upon the movement you inaugurated in North
Carolina.

With assurances of my high esteem, I remain,

Yours very truly,

(Signed) N. P. Pratt.

22 The Bulletin

N. P. PRATT LABORATORY.
Cektificate of Analysis.

Atlanta, Ga., June 29, 1915.
Sample No. 45809.
Received June 7, 1915.

Marked: Acid Phosphate 30 days old, from Old Dominion Guano Company.
For N. P. Pratt, Atlanta, Ga.
Contains:

Moisture 10.39 per cent.

Composition of the water-soluble filtrate expressed in per cents of original
sample.

Total calcium oxide 8.35

Total aluminum oxide 38

Total ferric oxide 33

Total sulphur trioxide 7.22

Total phosphorus pentoxide

Equivalent to 18.28

Sulphur trioxide combined in calcium sulphate 12.28

P205 combined in monocalcium phosphate 9.60

P205 combined in aluminum phosphate 66

P205 combined in ferric phosphate 29

PZ05 uncombined (free phosphoric acid) 7.73

Respectfully submitted,

(Signed) N. P. Pratt Laboratory.

It has been shown that the net results of the teachin^r of Extension Circu-
lar No. 24 concerning the use of caustic lime rather than carbonate lime was
to cut off the cheap, native supply of soil nitrogen and force the farmer into
the fertilizer market to purchase high-priced ammoniated goods with which
to furnish commercial nitrogen to grow his crops.

It will now be seen that the net results of its teaching, in opposition to the
mixing of limestone with acid phosphate, is to force the farmer to purchase
many times as much acid phosphate as his crop can get a chance to utilize,
and thus increase his fertilizer cost without proportionately increasing the
yield.

On the other hand, the net result of the teachings of Bulletin No. 220 is the
building up of the soil humus and the conse(|uent increasing of the native
supply of soil nitroaen; the liberation and utilization of a part of the enor-
mous supi)ly of nalive potjish, and the increasing of the efficiency of the ap-
plications of commercial forms of ]»hosphate.

The advice in Bulletin No. 220 will decrease the cost and increase the
efficiency of fertilizers; the advice in Extension Circular No. 21 will increase
the cost and decrease the efiiciency. Bulletin No. 220 will build up the agri-
culture of the State and render the farmers independent in their own homes;
Extension Circular No. 24 will decrease the prodncUve capacity of the soils
and make the farmers slaves to commercial plant foods.

LEAF TOBACCO REPORT FOR NOVEMBER, 1916

Pounds sold for producers 32,473,036

Pounds sold for dealers 1,355,795

Pounds sold for wareliouses 1,978,289

Total 35,807,120

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 2 FEBRUARY, 1917 Whole No. 229

VARIETY TESTS OF CORN

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Edwards & Broughton Printing Company
State Printers

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Major W. A. Gkaham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.
Dear Sir : — I am sending you herewith a manuscript by K. Y. "Win-
ters and J. H. Hall, Jr., of the Division of Agronomy, giving the
results of variety tests of corn conducted on the Central Farm and at
the branch stations during the year 1916.

I would recommend that this be published as the February Bulle-
tin, 1917, of the Department.

Respectfully submitted,

C. B. Williams,
Chief, Division of Agronomy.

FIG. 1. EACH VARIETY IS HARVESTED SEPARATELY.

FIG. 2. THE EARS FROM EACH VARIETY ARE HUSKED BY HAND AND

WEIGHED.

VARIETY TESTS OF CORN

By R. y. WINTERS and J. H. HALL, Jr., Division of Agronomy.

The corn crop in Noi'th Carolina for 1916 is estimated to be 53,650,-
000 bushels. This is a decrease of 10,300,000 bushels as compared with
the very large yield for 1915. This difference is no doubt due largely
to three factors : the increased cost of commercial fertilizers and the
consequent smaller amounts used; the unfavorable weather conditions,
in the nature of a drouth, which existed over the State from April 9 to
May 15; and the floods which occurred in the summer, completely de-
stroying a large portion of the corn crop in the western section and
materially affecting the yields in other localities.

Aside from the increased yields following improved cultural methods,
systematic crop rotations, etc., the corn yield for the State could be
largely increased by the intelligent practice of selecting the varieties
which give the highest yield of good corn in the different sections of the
State. The Experiment Station has been conducting variety tests with
corn for the past several years, in order to furnish corn growers reliable
information regarding the yields of corn varieties on the different types
of soil and under different climatic conditions existing in the State.
During the past two years a special effort has been made to locate other
good varieties within the State. Some of the new varieties have yielded
well on the test farm of their locality, while others have given very poor
yields. As a result of these tests, a few growers have discarded their
old varieties and have replaced them with varieties which have shown
up best in the tests conducted nearest them.

Forty-two varieties, in all, were tested on six of the State Test Farms
last year. There were also two cooperative tests made, one at Terra
Ceia and one at Elizabeth City.

In all cases uniform plats were chosen, so that any differences in
yields would be due entirely to differences in the varieties. The varie-
ties were planted in duplicate series, which together made one-twentieth
of an acre. (The series at the Iredell Test Farm was only one twenty-
fifth of an acre, rather than one-twentieth.) The corn was planted in
rows 4 feet apart, and was dropped, by hnnd, 2 feet in the drill. It
was later thinned to one stalk to the hill.

THE VARIETIES

Among the forty-two varieties tested there were three varieties of
yellow corn, the remainder being white. The varieties included large
one-eared, intermediate, and the small many-eared corns.

The Bulletin

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The Bulletin 7

lu any section there will be foimd numerous local varieties. A few
of the most widely used local varieties in each section Avere planted
along with the best varieties from other sections.

THE BUNCOMBE BRANCH STATION

The Buncombe Branch Station is located in the Swannanoa Valley,
11 miles east of Asheville. The farm has an elevation of 2,400 feet
above sea level. According to the preliminary United States Weather
Bureau Eeport* for 1916, the last killing frost in the spring occurred on
April 10, and the first killing frost in the following fall was on October
22. (These dates are for Asheville.) The rainfall for the year at
Asheville was 37.70 inches, 12.01 inches below normal. About 50 per
cent of the total rainfall was fairly well distributed during the growing
season, with the exception of July, when the precipitation was 5.14
inches above normal. The soil type upon which the experiment was
conducted is classified as Porter's Loam.

In this test three local varieties were included among the twenty-one
tested. The varieties and results obtained are shown in Table I; the
varieties being listed according to their yield in bushels of shelled grain
per acre.

The yields range from 34.8 bushels to 54.0 bushels per acre, a differ-
ence of 19.2 bushels. The highest yielding of the local varieties, R. L.
Patton, ranked ninth with a yield of 10.4 bushels lower than that of the
leading variety.

It is much safer, in determining the best variety for a given locality,
to consider the results extending over a number of years, rather than
those of a single season. For this reason the compiled results of variety
tests at the Buncombe Farm for the past three years are given in Table
II. The variety. First Generation Cross ISTo. 182, is a variety that has
been obtained by careful selection from the hybrid produced by cross-
ing Hickory King and Boone County White. This work was done by
the United States Department of Agriculture. Among the twelve varie-
ties compared, this variety has led with an average yield of 42.7 bushels
per acre. This is an increase of 11.2 bushels over the lowest ranking
variety, Marlboro Prolific.

THE IREDELL BRANCH STATION

The Iredell Branch Station is located in the western portion of the
Piedmont section, 2 miles northwest of Statesville. The rainfall for the
year was 48.00 inches, an increase of 3.01 above normal. About 57 per
cent of this fell during the growing season. During the month of July
17.16 inches of rain fell. This unusual amount of rain at this time
undoubtedly reduced the yields of all varieties. The soil type for this
farm is classified as Cecil Clay Loam.

*U. S. Weather Bureau. Climatolosical Data.

The Bulletin

TABLE II — COMPILED RESULTS OF VARIETY TESTS OF CORN-
BUNCOMBE BRANCH STATION.

a

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Varieties

19

Yield Per Acre

14

1915

•
1910

Average

for Three

Years

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Latham's Double.

1900
2025
1725
2570
1900
2875
2150
1250
1675
2350
2075
2050
1975

35.7
26.6
20.3
28.5
29.4
25.3
33.4
35.5
27.5
28.5
28.2
20.6
24.6

1500
2840
1780
1900
1520
2520
1580
1200
1600
2460
1540
2080
1980

38.4
50.6
47.4
38.4
37.8
43.4
35.6
31.2
34.4
35.6
32.2
36.8
34.4

2740
3860
2940
3400
3120
3203
2970
2640
3060
3740
2740
2780
3260

54.0
48.0
48.0
48.2
47.2
44.6
38.8
40.6
45.4
41.6
41.2
40.8
35.4

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2908 .3
2148.3
2623 .3
2180.0
2865.0
2233 .3
1696.6
2111.7
2850.0
2118.3
2303 .3
2405 .0

42.7
41.7

3

Southern Beauty ..

38.6

4

Weekley's Improved

38.4

5

Parker's Prolific . ..

38.1

6

Deaton's Favorite-.. ..

37.8

7

Goodman's Prolific

35.9

8

Boone County White ..

35.8

8

ft

Jarvis' Golden Prolific

Wannamaker

35.8
35.2

10

Biggs' Seven-Ear . . .

33.9

11

Batts' Four-Ear

32.7

1«

Marlboro Prolific

31.5

Twenty-one varieties of corn were planted, seven of which were from
Iredell or adjoining counties. The varieties and results obtained are
listed in Table III. Among the local varieties tested will be found the
variety having the highest yield and also the one having the lowest
yield in the entire test. These local varieties have been tested for only
one year, and will have to be tried in a number of tests before their
rank is established. The yields show a range between 38.50 and 55.00
bushels per acre, a difference of 16.50 bushels. This difference, con-
sidered in dollars and cents, shows what a marked difference in returns
the growing of the best variety might bring forth.

Table IV contains compiled results from fifteen varieties of corn for
the past three years. These results shoAv a range in average yields from
40.15 bushels for Wannamaker to 47.75 bushels for Southern Beauty.
The range of yield among the varieties here is not so great as in simi-
lar comparisons on other farms.

CENTRAL STATION FARM

The Central Station Farm is located in the eastern portion of the
Piedmotn section, 2 miles west of Raleigh. The total rainfall for the
year was 38.40 inches or 8,80 inches below normal. The soil type at the
Central Station Farm is Cecil Sandv Loam.

The Bulletin

9

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The Bulletin^

TABLE IV— COMPILED RESULTS OF VARIETY TESTS OF CORN-
IREDELL BRANCH STATION.

S3
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1
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14

Yield Per Acre

1914

1915

Varieties

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1916

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for Three

Years

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Southern Beauty

Jarvis' Golden Prolific

Biggs' Seven-Ear_..

Latham's Double

Parker's Prolific. _

First Generation Cross No .182

Weekley's Improved

Batts' Four-Ear

Goodman's Prolific

Coker's Williamson

Cocke's Prolific

Marlboro Prolific -..

Deaton's Two-Ear ..-

Southern Snowflake

Wannamaker-_.

1890
1905
2160
3450
2085
1G50
2130
2370
2700
2550
1860
2355
2160
1980
2880

34.9
36.1
40.2
32.6
34.3
33.6
33.7
30.2
36.1
27.6
34.0
31.4
22.5
21.7
22.0

4980
4740
3780
7360
4660
3880
4940
5580
5800
5060
4360
6060
5120
4940
6700

59.6
60.8
50.0
55.4
54.4
57.8
53.2
56.0
51.2
58.2
52.4
52.4
54.2
56.8
55.2

2000
1775
1925
2400
1950
1700
1875
2600
2100
2500
2150
2250
2500
1900
2850

48.75
41.75
47.50
46.25
45.25
41.50
46.00
46.00
42.50
42.50
41.50
43.00
47.50
45.00
43.25

2956.7
2806.7
2621.7
4403 .3
2898.3
2410.0
2981 .7
3516.7
3533 .3
3370.0
2790 .0
3555 .0
3260.0
2940.0
4143.3

47.75
46.21
45.90
44.75
44.65
44.30
44.30
44.07
43.30
42.77
42.60
42.30
41.40
41.17
40.15

The plat used for the variety test is uniform throughout, but in a
very low state of fertility — hence the low yields. However, this does
not materially lessen the accurateness of a comparison of varieties.

Twenty-five varieties were planted, four of which are local. Table V
gives the names of the varieties and results obtained from their com-
parison. There is here a wide range in yields, the highest variety yield-
ing over three times as many bushels as the lowest. The four local
varieties ranked ninth, twenty-first, twenty-third, and twenty-fifth.

The averages of thirteen varieties for three years are given in Table
VI. Biggs' Seven-Ear leads with an average of 22.9 bushels per acre,
which is almost twice as much as the lowest.

THE GRANVILLE BRANCH STATION

The Granville Branch Station is located in the northeastern portion
of the Piedmont section, 1 mile southwest of Oxford. The total rain-
fall at Henderson, 14 miles east of Oxford, was 39.20 inches, this
amount being 9.90 inches below normal. The soil on the Granville
Farm is of the Durham Sandy Loam type.

Nineteen varieties were used in this test, none of which are local
varieties. The yields were very good and were obtained upon a uni-

The Bulletin

11

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1-2

The Bulletin

TABLE VI— COMPILED RESULTS OF VARIETY TESTS OF CORN —
CENTRAL STATION FARM.

sg

8«

«<:
1

2
3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Varieties

1914

P-iM

Biggs' Seven-Ear.-

First Generation Cross No . 182

Southern Beauty

VVeekley's Improved

Parker's Prolific.

Batts' Four-Ear

Cocke's Prolific

Jarvis' Golden Prolific

Latham's Double .

Goodman's Prolific

Marlboro Prolific

Wannamaker

Coker's Williamson

2360
2080
1920
2000
2240
2380
2240
1880
2400
2160
2520
2440
2360

C4H O

oo

16.8

21.1

13.3

12.0

13.1

8.8

13.3

13.5

8.2

8.2

9.8

9.1

6.3

Yield Per Acre

1915

1990
1420
2045
2130
1905
2190
1660
1570
1820
2005
1700
1815
1745

«4H O

OO

^=:

eg a,

32.8
22.6
28.0
29.0
26.4
30.4
24.0
21.8
22.0
24.6
19.0
17.6
16.0

1916

1°

P-cM

1940
2140
2320
2000
2080
2220
2120
1940
2720
2220
2360
2360
2340

oo
a a,
S a)

19.2
16.0
17.8
16.2
15.6
15.4
14.8
15.6
19.8
14.6
15.6
13.6
14.0

Average

for Three

Years

-§1
I-

2096.6
1880.0
2095 .0
2043 .3
2075 .0
2263.3
2006.6
1796.6
2313.3
2128.3
2193 .3
2205 .0
2148.3

a

J3 aj
3 0)

22.9
19.9
19.7
19.1
18.4
18.2
17.4
17.0
16.7
15.8
14.8
13.4
12.1

TABLE VIII-

u o

S3

-COMPILED RESULTS OF VARIETY TESTS
GRANVILLE BRANCH STATION.

OF CORN —

Varieties

Yield Per Acre

1915

CQ
I-

Biggs' Seven-Ear 1180

Batts' Four^ar -- 1460

Latham's Double --

Dcaton's Two-Ear -

Eureka

First Generation Cross No. 182

Goodman's Prolific

Cocke's Prolific

Wcekley's Improved

tM O

OO

26.2
27.8
28.2
28.0
30.4
23.8
24.6
22.8
26.0
27.0

1916

I-

2200
2040
1920
2280
2340
1680
1760
1760
1920
1480

u- o
OO

2 <"

56.2
42.4
41.8
41.6
38.6
44.0
43.2
42.6
38.6
37.0

Average

for Two

Years

to

I-

PhCO

1690
1750
1780
1830
2080
1345
1460
1440
1580
1330

«M O

OO

3.S

pa CO

41.2
35.1
35.0
34.8
34.5
33.9
33.9
32.7
32.3
32.0

form plat. Table VII shows that for 1916 Biggs' Seven-Ear ranked
first. The yields varied between 30.0 and 56,2 bushels per acre, a differ-
ence of 26.2 bushels.

In a two year average with ten varieties (Table VIII) the yields
range between 32.0 and 41.2 bushels per acre. Since these results are

The Bulletin

18

05

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Yield Per Flat and
Related Data

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Stalks Bearing-

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Ears

IF^S -"^d: aSBjaAv

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Varieties

Biggs' Seven-Ear

First Generation Cross, No. 182---

Goodman's Prolific

Cocke's Prolilic

Batts* Four-Ear

Deaton's Two-Ear

Parker's Prolific

Weekloy's Improved

Jarvis' Golden Prolific

Soutliern Beauty

Lippar 's Improved

Hastings' Prolific

Marlboro Prolific.

Wyatt's Improved Yellow

Columbia Beauty

Wannaniaker..

Coker's Williamson

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14

The Bulletin

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rMMeo^'O'Of-oomO'-NcoTC

The Bulletin

15

for only two years, the relative rank of varieties will be more con-
clusive after further tests have been made.

THE EDGECOMBE BRANCH STATION

The Edgecombe Branch Station is located in the upper western por-
tion of the Coastal Plain, 7 miles southeast of Rocky Mount. The total
rainfall at the farm was 50.93 inches. About 50 per cent of the total
rainfall was Avell distributed throughout the growing season, with the
exception of heavy rains during the latter part of May. The soil type
at this farm is Norfolk Sandy Loam.

Table IX shows the twenty-three varieties tested and the results ob-
tained. Among these varieties were four local varieties, Biggs' Seven-
Ear, Weller, Gray Brown, and Killibrew. Their rank in the order
named Avas first, nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-second. There was
a wide difference in yields, ranging between 34.4 and 58.6 bushels per
acre.

Table X gives the three year averages of fifteen varieties. A local
prolific variety. Biggs' Seven-Ear, leads in this average with a yield of
53.9 bushels.

TABLE X— COMPILED RESULTS OF VARIETY TESTS OP CORN-
EDGECOMBE BRANCH STATION.

a

Varieties

Yield Per Acre

1914

1915

1916

Average

for Three

Years

Mm

11

e3 o

a

u

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S «

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d
u

UH O

oo

a (u

•S —

S.S

P902

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QQ

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11

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Ah 02

a

1

Biggs' Seven-Ear

3030

39.8

3555

63.2

1880

58.6

2821 .7

53.9

2

Latham's Double

4420

35.2

4085

63.4

2600

49.0

3701.7

49.2

3

Goodman's Prolific

4060

35.8

3175

57.4

2060

53.2

3098.3

48.8

4

Coker's Williamson

4240

33.3

4040

59.0

2560

53.6

3613.3

48.6

5

Weekley's Improved

5190

37.6

3665

60.8

2070

45.6

3641 .7

48.0

6

Marlboro Prolific

4600

36.^

4140

62.4

2440

43.2

3726.7

47.3

7

Jarvia' Golden Prolific

4030

35.5

3680

61.0

1740

45.2

3150.0

47.2

8

Cocke's Prolific

3480

31.9

3450

60.0

2100

48.6

3010.0

46.8

9

First Generation Cross No .182

3020

40.5

2565

53.8

1400

44.6

2328.3

46.3

10

Gerrick's Prolific

4800

30.5

4540

61.2

2560

46.0

3966.7

45.9

11

Southern Beauty..

4200

34.1

3120

59.6

1690

42.8

3003.3

45.5

12

Wannamaker

4780

31.0

3890

57.4

2750

43.8

3806.7

44.1

13

Parker's Prolific.

4000

32.5

3110

55.2

1920

43.6

3010.0

43.8

14

Deaton's Two-Ear

2820

34.0

3730

52.4

2320

44.8

2956.7

43.7

15

Batts' Four Ear

4480

30.6

3790

57.2

2000

34.4

3423.3

40.7

16

The Bulletin-

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The Bulletin 17

THE WASHINGTON BRANCH STATION

The Wasliiugton County Branch Station is located in the northeast-
ern portion of the Coastal Plain, about 11 miles north of Belhaven.
The rainfall for the year was 48.61 inches. Sixty per cent of this fell
uniformly throughout the growing period. The Washington Station is
on the newly cleared muck lands of this section. The muck extends
down two or three feet to a fine sandy clay subsoil.

It is somewhat difficult to obtain a fair comparison of varieties here
as there are certain spots in the plat which will not grow corn.

There were eighteen varieties tested on the "Washington Farm in
1916, four of which are local varieties. The yields ranged between 21.2
and 45.8 bushels per acre, a difference of 24.6 bushels. The local corns
Tom Green, Horse Tooth, Latham's Double, and Kadcliff, all ranked
among the nine highest.

On this same type of muck soil a cooperative test was made with Mr.
K. "W. Howell at Terra Ceia, The test here was uniform throughout
and a good stand was secured with all of the varieties. The yields
ranged between 57.2 and 71.2 bushels per acre. The two leading
varieties listed in Table XII are local varieties. The other local
variety, Tom Green, ranked fifth Avith a yield of 62.2 bushels.

The results obtained at the "Washington Test Farm and at Terra Ceia
show that Latham's Double, Wannamaker, Marlboro Prolific, Horse
Tooth, and Tom Green do well on this muck soil.

A cooperative test was also conducted with Mr. Joseph Berry at Eliza-
beth City, on the farm of Dr. J. H. "White. Two of the eight varieties
tested were local. The four leading Varieties in their relative order are
Latham's Double, Perry's Improved (local). Biggs' Seven-Ear, and
Cocke's Prolific.

COMPARISON OF CORN VARIETIES FOR SILAGE

The best variety of corn for silage in any community is the corn:
which produces the largest quantity of digestible food per acre. This
may or may not be the variety which produces the largest quantity of
silage. It is a common practice to judge silage corns by the quantity
produced rather than by the quantity of digestible food produced per
acre. The food value of silage depends, to a large extent, upon the
quantity of ears cut. According to Henry* the ears contain 63 per cent
and the stalks and leaves 37 per cent of the total digestible nutrients in
silage. This means that 100 pounds of ears cut into silage is equal in
food value to 170 pounds of stalks and leaves cut for silagei

In the study of corn varieties one finds certain varieties which make,
a large growth of stalks and leaves and j)roduce a small quantity of
grain. Some of these varieties have become popular as silage corns.
Among the corn varieties studied during the past season were some

*Henry, W. A., "Feeds and Feeding," p. 169.

18

The Bulletin

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1

The Bulletin

19

wliicli produced only 37 per cent of their total weight in ears while
others, grown under the same conditions, produced ears amounting to
54 per cent of their total weight.

Since the feeding of silage is usually supplemented by more concen-
trated feeds, such as cotton-seed meal, bran, or Oats, the richer silage
would be an advantage. In the feeding of a more nutritious ensilage
less of the expensive concentrated feedstuffs would be necessary.

The following tables contain a list of corn varieties which have
yielded best for silage in the different parts of the State. The weights
indicate dry stover and ears per acre.

TABLE XTII — COMPARISON OF CORN VARIETIES FOR SILAGE —
BUNCOMBE BRANCH STATION.

For Year 1916

Average for Years 1914-16

Varieties

e

o

m

°c
m t^

a<

OQ

O o

4^

Is;

a

Varieties

o
CO

o ta

i

2 ^

o (u

*1 Latham's Double

2 ' Weakley's Improved

3 Parker's Prolific

3860
3400
3120

2740

3740
3000
3060
3200

2830
3060
3080

3280

2670
2910

2820
2610

6690
6460
6200

6020

6410
5910
5880
5810

*1
2
3

4
5
5
6

7
8

Latham's Double

Weekley's Improved..
Wannamaker's Two-
Ear

2908 .3
2625 .0

2850.0
2865 .0

2046.7
2180.0
2233 .3
2405 .0

2740.0
2673 .3

2471.7
2398 .3

2836.7
2600.0
2391 .7
2235 .0

5648 .3
5298 .3

5321 .7

i No. 182 .

Deaton's- Favorite

First Generation Cross
No. 182

5263 .3

5 Wannamaker's Two-
Ear

4883 .4

6 Cocke's Prolific

Parker's Prolific

Goodman's Prolific

Marlboro Prolific

4780.0

7 Jarvis' Golden Prolific.

8 Beaton's Two-Ear

4625 .0
4640.0

*The varieties are ranked according to their food values.

TABLE XIV— COMPARISON OF CORN VARIETIES FOR SILAGE—
IREDELL BRANCH STATION.

For Year 1916

Average for Years 1914-16

S3
>

CD

>

i
£ 1

o

U

o

g

*j

CO

W

j=

t»

W 1

ji

Varieties

In

en tH

Varieties

o o

IB ^ 1 m b 1

■|2

■B o

■O "

•73 U -O O

•S

3 f

-so

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3 fc.

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o aj

o oj

o S

o S

o S 1

p u

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rt

(iiPM

P^P^

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n

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Schoolfield. -

2400
2600

3287.5
3025 .0

5687.5
5625.0

*l

2

Latham's Double

440.^ .3

2870.0 :
2775.8

7273 .3

Batts' Four-Ear

Wannamaker 4143.3

6919.1

3 I Kerr's Prolific

2450

3062.5

5512.5

3

Batts' Four-Ear ! 3516.7

3001 .7 ;

6518.4

4
5

Wannaiuaker

2850
2500

2787.5
28.50.0

5637.5
5350.0

4
5

Marlboro Prolific ...! 3555.0

2826.7 ,

6381 .7

Deaton's Two-Ear...

Goodman's Prolific' 3533.3 2785.0

6318.3

6 ' Latham's Double

2400

2S50 .0

5250.0

6

Weekley's Improvedi 2981.7 3007.5 ■

5989 .2

7 Hastings' Prolific...

2600

2600.0

5200.0

7

Coker's Williamson., 3370.0 2769.2 ,

6139.2

8 1 Coker's Williamson..

2500

2637.5

5137.5

8

Sbut^ern Beauty...] 2956.7 1 2987.5

5944 .2

*The varieties are ranked according to their food values.

20

The Bulletin

TABLE XV— COMPARISON OF CORN VARIETIES FOR SILAGE-
CENTRAL STATION FARM.

For Year 1916

Average for Years 1914-16

^

^

Varieties

B.4

o
m

It

09

4-3

M

i

rf

Varieties

>

B

02

O
<n 1-

O o;

1
W

° s

■BO

a<

O a;

I

H

*1

9

Latham's Double

Garric

2720
2560
2320
2320

2320

2360

2400
2440

1200
1070
1080
1080

1080

1020

980
900

3920
3630
3400
3400

3400

3380

3380
3340

*i

2
3
4
5
6
7

8

Biggs' Seven-Ear

Batts' Four-Ear

Weekley's Improved..

Parker's Prolific

Southern Beautj'

Latham's Double

First Generation Cross
No. 182

2096.7
2263.3
2043.3
2075 .0
2095 .0
2313.3

1880.0
2006.7

1573.3
1250.0
1360.0

1281 .6

1251 .7
1076.7

1326.7
1223.3

3670.0
3513 .3

3

Southern Beauty

Weller

3403 .3
3356.6

3

Cocke's Prolific (Hoi-

3346.7
3390.0

4

Marlboro Prolific (Excl.

3206.7

5
6

Marlboro Prolific (Ped.

Seed Co.) —

Hastings' Prolific

Cocke's Prolific

3230.0

*The varieties are ranked according to their food values.

TABLE XVI — COMPARISON OP CORN VARIETIES FOR SILAGE-
EDGECOMBE BRANCH STATION.

For Year 1916

Average for Years 1914-16

•3

c3

P3

Varieties

1

a<

3 I.
O (U

bfl

Is

Varieties

o

M

1

00 f-i

+3

•1
2
3
4
6

6
7
8

Biggs' Seven-Ear

Coker's Williamson

Hastings' Prolific

Gerrick's Prolific

Wannamaker's Two-
Ear

Latham's Double

Richardson

Goodman's Prolific

1880
2560
2550
2560

2750
2600
2080
2060

3810
3310
3180
3150

2960
3040
3270
3260

5690
5870
5730
5710

5710
5640
5350
5320

*i

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Gerrick's Prolific

Weekley's Improved..

Marlboro Prolific

Wannaniaker

Biggs' Seven-Ear

Latham's Double

Deaton's Two-Ear

Coker's Williamson

3966.7
3641.7
3726.7
3806.7
2821 .7
3701 .7
3956.7
3613.3

3210.0
3338.3
3276.7
3123.3
3695 .0
3155.0
2910.0
3103.3

7176.7
6980.0
7003.4
6930.0
6516.7
6856.7
6930.0
6716.6

•The varieties are ranked socording to their food values.

The Bulletin

21

TABLE XVII — COMPARISON OF CORN VARIETIES FOR SILAGE —
GRANVILLE BRANCH STATION.

For Year 1916

Average for Years 1915-16

a

Varieties

s

2

a

o <u

A
M

Is

Varieties

u

>

m

-a

H

V-

O a>

EHfS

»1

2200
2040
2340
2280
1760
1760
1920

1680
1920

3830
2940
2640
2660
2900
2760
2660

2780
2540

6030
4980
4980
4940
4660
4520
4580

4460
4460

*1

2
■ 3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Biggs' Seven-Ear

1690
2080
1750
1830
1780
1580
1440
1460

1345

2830
2430
2400
2270
2290
2200
2250
2190

2190

4520

2

Batts' Four-Ear

Eureka

4510

3

Batts' Four-Ear

4150

4

Beaton's Two-Ear

Beaton's Two-Ear

Latham's Double

4100
4070

6

Goodman's Prolific

Latham's Double—

First Generation Cross
No. 182

Weekley's Improved

Cocke's Prolific

3780
3690

8

Goodman's Prolific.

First Generation Cross
No. 182

3650

9

Weekley's Improved

3535

*The varieties are ranked according to their food values.

Several of tlie varieties have stood well in most of the tests. Among
these are Biggs' Seven-Ear, Weekley's Improved, Latham's Double, and
Southern Beauty. These varieties are also among the best grain pro-

ducers grown in the State.

SUMMARY

During the past season corn variety tests were conducted on six of
the State Branch Experiment Stations. These stations are so dis-
tributed as to represent the more important soil types and climatic
conditions in the State. Among the forty-two varieties tested was a few
of the best varieties from neighboring States, several of the most popu-
lar varieties grown in the State, and a few varieties that are grown to
considerable extent in certain localities. The results of such tests should
furnish growers of that section with reliable information regarding the
yielding power of corns grown in the community. As a result of the
tests a fcAv growers have already discarded old mixed varieties for seed
of the better yielding uniform corns.

The tables contain the detail results of the 1916 tests and compiled
results showing the average standing for the past three years. The
average results from three years testing should be of service in deter-
mining the best varieties for a section. Some of the old varieties such
as Marlboro, Biggs' Seven-Ear, "Weekley's Improved, and Cocke's Pro-
lific are still standing well in the tests. Among the promising varieties
which have only been tested a few years are Latham's Double, First
Generation Cross ITo. 182, and Jarvis Golden Prolific.

The best variety of corn for silage is the one that produces the largest
quantity of digestible food per acre. Since the ears contain 63 per cent
of the digestible nutrients in silage it is important that an ensilage corn
produce a large quantity of ears as well as stalks and leaves.

22

The Bulletin

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The Bulletin

23

SOURCES OF SEED OF CORN VARIETIES FOR THE SEASON OF 1916.

Variety

Batts' Four-Ear

Biggs' Seven-Ear

Bland

Boone County White

Cocke's Prolific -.

Cocke's Prolific --.

Cocke's Prolific .-

Coker's WilUamson -

Columbia Beauty

Currituck

Beaton's Two-Ear..

Experiment Station Yellow, No.

Eureka

First Generation Cross, No. 182.

Garric

Gerrick's Prolific

Goodman's Prolific

Gray Brown

Hastings' Prolific

Henry Grady, No. 1015

Horse Tooth..

Hunt's Prolific

Jarvis' Golden Prolific. ,

Kerr's Prolific ,

Killibrew ,

Latham's Double

Lewis

Lippard's Improved....

Marlboro Prolific

Marlboro Prolific

McNealy

Parker's Prolific

Patton

Patton..

Radcliff

Richardson

Schoolfield

Southern Beauty

Southern Snowflake

Tom Green

Wannamaker

Weekley's Improved

Weller

White Crystalian

Wright's Prolific

Wyatt's Improved Yellow

Source

944.

J. F. Batts

F. P. Shields....

R. C. Bland.

T. W. Wood & Sons

Edgecombe Test Farm.

L. C. Holloman & Co

J. F. Hunter

Pedigreed Seed Farm

T. W. Wood & Sons.

W. A. Bolinger

Charles Deaton

Alabama Experiment Station...

T. W. Wood & Sons..

Bureau of Plant Industry

Pedigreed Seed Farm

Bureau of Plant Industry

J. K. Goodman...

Ben Shelton

H. G. Hastings Co

Alabama Experiment Station..

R. W. Howell .-

Julian Stephenson

J. M. Jarvis.

James P. Kerr...

W. M. Killibrew

F. P. Latham ...

J. W. Lewis

J. H. Holcomb

Excelsior Seed Farm...

Pedigreed Seed Farm

L. R. McNealy

T. B. Parker

F. McL. Patton

R. L. Patton

Charles Radcliff

G. T. Richardson

R. L. Schoolfield

L. A. Strupe

T. W. Wood & Sons

Thomas Green..

Model Seed Farm

Iredell Test Farm...

H. B. Moore

Holmes Arendell

W. I. Wright

W. L. Wyatt

Postoffice

Garner, N. C.

N. C.

Scotland Neck,
Kerr, N. C.
Richmond, Va.
Rocky Mount, N. C.
Clarksdale, Miss.
Areola, N. C
Hartsville, S. C.
Richmond, Va.
Statesville, N. C, R. 6.
Carthage, N. C.
Auburn, Ala.
Richmond, Va.
Washington, D. C.
Hartsville, S. C.
Washington, D. C.
Mount UUa, N. C.
Speed, N. C.
Atlanta, Ga.
Auburn, Ala.
Terra Ceia, N. C.
Wake Forest, N. C.
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Haw River, N. C.
Penelo, N. C.
Belhaven, N. C.
Ferguson, N. C.
Hominy, N. C.
Cheraw, S. C.
Hartsville, S. C.
Bulls Gap, Tenn.
Raleigh, N. C.
Swannanoa, N. C.
Swannanoa, N. C.
Pantego, N. C, R. F. D.
NewBern, N.C., R. F. D.
Greensboro, N. C, R. 4.
Tobaccoville, N. C.
Richmond, Va.
Pantego, N. C.
St. Matthews, N. C.
Statesville, N. C.
Battleboro, N. C.
Raleigh, N. C.
Ingold, N. C.
Raleigh, N. C.

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIOH

Vol. 38, No. 3 MARCH, 1917 Whole No. 230

FERTILIZER ANALYSES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1931, under Act of June 6, 190.0.

EDW.4RDS & BrOUGHTON PRINTING COMPANY

State Printers

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THE BULLETIN

OP THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 3 (Supplement) MARCH, 1917 Whole No. 230

REGISTRATION BRANDS OF FERTILIZER

TO FEBRUARY 15, 1917

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Edwards & Beoughton Printing Company
State Printers

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

C. W. Mitchell Aulander Second District.

R. L. WooDARD Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott. Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum.. Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe. Gale Eighth District.

H. Q. Alexander ..Matthews Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W.A.GRAHAM Commissioner.

K. W. BARNES Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk.

B. W. KILGORE .State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

D. M. McCarty... Assistant Chemist.

F. C. Wiggins Assistant Chemist.

J. F. Hatch... ..Fertilizer Clerk.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. Brimley Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr .Entomologist.

R. W. Leiby Assistant Entomologist.

I. W. Hawley Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT ....Horticulturist.

B. SzYMONAiK ._ Demonstrator Fruit and Truck Crops.

C. D. Matthews Assistant Hortii^ulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN ...Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

E. W. Thornton... Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. E. Bell Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

Leland B. Rhodes Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. B. WILLIAMS Chief, Division of Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer :. ..Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate... Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters Plant Breeding.

•W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

H. D. Lambert .Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins.. Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Agronomist and Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher Assistant to Botanist.

Miss Alston Dargan Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY .Chief in Animal Industry.

R. S. Curtis Associate in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

tALViN J. Reed. Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combes Assistant in Dairy Farming.

tJ. A. Arey Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. R. Farnham Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. T. Peden Beef Cattle.

Earl Hostetler Assistant in Beef Cattle and Swine.

tA. L. Jerdan Beef Cattle.

tL. I. Case Assistant in Beef Cattle.

tJ. E. Moses ...Pig Clubs.

tA. G. Oliver Poultry Clubs.

tE. H. Mathewson ...Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson ...Farm Demonstration Work.

IT. E. Browne State Agent in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

tA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

{Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon State Agent in Charge Girls' Club.

Miss M. L. Jamison Assistant in Home Economics.

0. E. Clark, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

R. G. Hill, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

R. C. Clapp, Assistant Director Buncombe Test Farm, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

S. C. Clapp, Assistant Director Transylvania Test Farm, Blantyre, N. C.

•Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Raleigh, N. C, March 1, 1917.
To Hon. W. A. Graham,

dommissioner of Agriculture,
Raleigh.
Dear Sir : — I submit herewith list of brands of fertilizers which have
been registered, together with figures showing guaranteed analysis. I
recommend tha-t these be published as supplemental to the March, 1917,
Bulletin. K W. Barnes,

Approved for printing: Secretary.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner.

ACME MANUFACTURING CO.,
Wilmington, N. C.

A vailable
Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Acme 4-10-0 Top Dresser 4.00 8.25

Acme 3-9-0 Top Dresser 3.00 7.40

Acme 12-40 Fertilizer 12.00 3.30

Acme 12-4-0 Special Fertilizer 12.00 3.30

Acme 12-3-0 Fertilizer 12.00 2.47

Acme 12-30 Special Fertilizer 12.00 2.47

Acme 12-2-0 Fertilizer 12.00 1.6.5

Acme 12-2-0 Special Fertilizer 12.00 1.65

Acme 10-4-0 Fertilizer 10.00 3.30

Acme 10-4-0 Special Fertilizer 10.00 3.30

Acme 10-3-0 Fertilizer 10.00 2.47

Acme- 10-3-0 Special Fertilizer 10.00 2.47

Acme 10-2-0 Fertilizer 10.00 1.65

Acme 10-2-0 Special Fertilizer 10.00 1.65

Acme 9-4-0 Fertilizer 9.00 3.30

Acme 9-4-0 Special Fertilizer 9.00 3.30

Acme 9-3-0 Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Acme 9-3-0 Special Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Acme 8-4-0 Fertilizer 8.00 3.30

Acme 8-4-0 Special Fertilizer 8.00 3.30

Acme 7-5-0 Fertilizer 7.00 4.12

Acme 7-5-0 Special Fertilizer 7.00 4.12

Acme 6-5-0 Fertilizer 6.00 4.12

Acme 6-5-0 Special Fertilizer 6.00 4.12

Acme 6-4-0 Fertilizer 6.00 3.30

Acme 6-4-0 Special Fertilizer 6.00 3.30

16 per cent Acid Phosphate. 16.00 ....

Sulphate of Ammonia 20.56

Nitrate of Soda 14.81

Fish Scrap 4.00 8.22

Dried Ground Blood 11.51

Cotton Seed Meal 6.17

A. D. ADAIR & Mccarty bros., inc.,

Atlanta, Ga., and Chattanooga, Tenn.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Adair's Soluble Pacific Guano 10.00

Adair's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 8.00

Adair's Blood-Meal Compound 10.00

Adair's Blood-Meal Compound No. 921 9.00

Adair's Blood, Bone and Tankage Guano 9.00

Mccarty's Soluble Bone 10.00

Adair's Wheat and Corn Grower 10.00

Adair's High Grade Potash Compound 10.00

Adair's Formula 10.00

A. and M. Special Fertilizer No. 1220 12.00 1.65

A. and M. Special Fertilizer No. 1020 10.00 1.65

Adair's H. G. Dissolved Bone No. 16 16.00 . . . .

Adair's H. G. Dissolved Bone 14.00 . . . .

Adair's Dissolved Bone 12.00 . . . .

Nitrate of Soda 15.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Pn
Per

task
Cent

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

.82

2.00

.82

1.00
4.00
4.00
2.00

The Bulletin

THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CO.,
Dixie Gvaxo Company, Spartaxburo, S. C.

Available

Phos. Acul

Name of Brand Per Cent

Dixie Acid Phosphate 14.00

Dixie Acid Phosphate 16.00

Dixie Ammoniated Fertilizer 11.00

Dixie Ammoniated Fertilizer AA 10.00

Dixie Ammoniated Fertilizer AAA 10.00

Dixie Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Dixie Ammoniated Fertilizer AAAA 10.00

Dixie Fretilizer 10.00

DLxie Fertilizer 9.00

Dixie Fertilizer 8.00

Dixie Special Fertilier 5.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Po
Per

tash
Cent

.82

1.65

2.47

3.29

3.29

.82

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.00

5.76

1.00

THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY,
Farmers' Fertilizer Work.*, Spartakbi^rg, S. C.

Availalile

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Red Rooster Acid Phosphate 14.00

Red Rooster Acid Phosphate 16.00

Red Rooster Ammoniated Fertilizer 11.00

Red Rooster Ammoniated Fertilizer AA 10.00

Red Rooster Ammoniated Fertilizer AAA 10.00

Red Rooster Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Red Rooster Ammoniated Fertilizer AAAA 10.00

Red Rooster Fertilizer 10.00

Red Rooster Fertilizer " 9.00

Red Rooster Fertilizer 8.00

Red Rooster Specail Fertilizer 5.00

Red Rooster Fertilizer 8.00

Red Roosetr Fertilizer 9.00

Red Rooster Fertilizer 10.00

Red Rooster Fertilizer 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

.82

1.65

. . .

2.47

. . .

3.29

. . .

3.29

. . .

.82

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.00

5.76

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

2.00

THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY,
Henderson, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid Nitrogen

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Planters Special "8-3-2" 8.00 2.47

Planters Special "8-3-3" . 8.00 2.47

Planters Special "9-3-2" 9.00 2.47

Planters Special "9-3-1" 8.00 2.47

Planters Special "8-2-2" 8.00 1.65

Planters Special "9-2-1" 9.00 1.65

Planters Special "9-3-0" 9.00 2.47

Planters Special "8-4-0" 8.00 3.29

Planters Special "5-10" Top Dresser 5.00 8.23

Coopers Brand "8-3-2" 8.00 2.47

Coopers Brand "8-3-3" 8.00 2.47

Coopers Brand "9-3-2" 9.00 2.47

Coopers Brand "8-3-1" 8.00 2.47

Coopers Brand "8-2-2" 8.00 1.65

Potajih
Per Cent
2.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00

2.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
2.00

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Coopers Brand "9-21' 9.00

Coopers Brand "9-30" 9.00

Coopers Brand "8-4-0" 8.00

Coopers Brand "5-10 ' Top Dresser 5.00

Roses Brand "8-3-2" 8.00

Roses Brand "8-3-3" 8.00

Roses Brand "9-3-2" 9.00

Roses Brand "8-3-1" 8.00

Roses Brand "8-2-2" 8.00

Roses Brand "9-21" 9.00

Roses Brand "9-3-0" 9.00

Roses Brand "8-4-0" 8.00

Roses Brand "5-10" Top Dresser 5.00

Farmers Union 9.00

Fish Brand Tobacco Manure 8.00

High Grade Tobacco Manure 8.00

Vance Best Grade Tobacco Manure 9.00

Standard Fertilizer ■ 8.00

Hot Stuff for Tobacco 8.00

Farmers Special Fertilizer 9.00

Xo. 1 Ammoniated Fertilizer 9.00

No. 2 Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Acid Phosphate • 16.00

Vance Special Top Dresser 5.00

Ellis Brand "8-3-2" 8.00

Ellis Brand "8-3-3" 8.00

Ellis Brand "9-3-2" 9.00

Ellis Brand "8-3-1" 8.00

Ellis Brand "8-2-2" 8.00

Ellis Brand "9-2-1". . 9.00

Ellis Brand "9-3-0"! 9.00

Ellis Brand "8-4-0" 8.00

EUis Brand "5-10" Top Dresser 5.00

Nit r op en
Per Cent

Potaxh
Per Cent

1.65

1.00

2.47

....

3.29

■ • • >

8.23

....

2.47

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

3.29

....

8.23

....

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

3.29

8.23

2.47

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

1.65.

2.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

....

3.29

....

8.23

. • . >

THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY,

Baltimore Sale.s Dept.,

Baltimore and New York.

Available
Phos. Acid Nitrogen
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Bradley's B. D. Sea Fowl Guano 8.00 2.39

Canton Chemical Fish Mixture 9.00 1.65

Detrick's 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

Canton Chemical H. G. Ammo. Superphosphate with Potash.. 8.00 2.47

Detrick's Rival Tobacco Compound 8.00 1.65

Detrick's K. K. K. Brierht Tobacco Grower, Revi.sed 8.00 2.47

Detrick's "5-7-0 Fertilizer" 7.00 4.11

Reese's Pacific Guano 8.00 1.65

Lazaretto 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 ' ....

Lazaretto Crop Grower Revised 9.00 1.65

Lazaretto Ammoniated Superphosphate with Potash 8.00 2.47

Lazaretto Special Tobacco and Potato Fertilizer 8.00 2.47

Quinnipiac Pine Island Ammo. Bone Phosphate 8.50 1.85

Slingluff's British Mixture 8.00 2.06

The American Agri. Chem. Co.'s Superphosphate 16.00 ....

Top Notch Cotton Seed Meal Cpd., Revised 9.00 1.65

"21/4-9-1 Fertilizer" 9.00 1.85

Cotton Seed Meal Compound, Revised 8.00 2.47

Potash
Per Cent
2.00
1.00

1.00
2.00
2.00

2.00

1.00
1.00
2.00
1.25
2.00

1.00
1.00
1.00

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Ammoniated Fertilizer with Potash 9.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate with Potash 8.00

Gold Eagle Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

H. O. Ammo. Superphosphate with Potash 8.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Fertilizer A 11.00

Ammoniated Fertilizer AA 10.00

Ammoniated Fertilizer AAA 10.00

Ammoniated Fertilizer AAAA 10.00

Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Carolina Formula 6.00

"2-9-2 Fertilizer" 9.00

"3-9-0 Fertilizer" 9.00

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish 6.00

Zell's 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Zell's Fish Guano, Revised 9.00

Zell's Special Compound for Tobacco 8.00

Zell's Bright Tobacco Grower, Revised 8.00

Zell's H. G. Ammoniated Superphosphate with Potash 8.00

The Amer. Agl. Chem. Co

12 per cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

13 per cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

14 per cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Canton Chemical Game Guano, Revised 9.00

Baker's Special Fertilizer 10.00

Detrick's K. K. K. Ammo. Superphosphate with Potash 9.00

Detrick's Ammoniated Superphosphate with Potash 9.00

Detrick's Fish Guano 9.00

Lazaretto H. G. Ammo. Superphosphate with Potash 8.00

Zell's Calvert Guano, Revised 9.00

Zell's Ammo. Superphosphate with Potash 9.00

Zell's Cotton Compound 10.00

Savage & Son and Co.'s Purity Guano 8.00

Holmes & Dawson's Triumph Soluble Guano 8.00

•ogen
Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

• 2.00

3.29

1.00

1.6.5

....

.82 •

....

1.65

....

2.47

....

3.29

....

3.29

....

3.29

....

1.65

2.00

2.47

....

15.00

8.23

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

1.00

.82

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.06

1.00

1.65

1.00

3.29

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.85

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

AMERICAN FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Norfolk, Va.

Available
Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

American Potato Compound 6.00 5.76 1.00

American Standard Crop Grower 5.00 5.76 1.00

American 14 and 2 Ammoniated Compound 14.00 1.65

American 12 and 3 Ammoniated Compound 12.00 2.47

American 12 and 2 Ammoniated Compound 12.00 1.65

American 11 and 3 Ammoniated Compound 11.00 2.47

American 10 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 10.00 3.29

American 10 and 3 Ammoniated Compound 10.00 2.47

American 10 and 2 Ammoniated Compound 10.00 1.65

American 9 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 9.00 3.29

American 9 and 3 Ammoniated Compound 9.00 2.47

American 8 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 8.00 3.29

American 7 and 7 Ammoniated Compound 7.00 5.76

American 7 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 7.00 3.29

American 6 and 7 Ammoniated Compound 6.00 5.76

American 6 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 6.00 3.29

American 4 and 10 Ammoniated Compound 4.00 8.23

American High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Acid ^ho^^I)hate 13.00

Tip Top Tobacco Grower 8.00

American Eagle Guano 8.00

J. G. Miller & Co.'s Yellow Leaf Fertilizer 8.00

American O. K. Guano. . 8.00

Stable Manure Substitute 7.00

Pelican Crop Grower 9.00

Pitt County Special Fertilizer, Revised 9.00

Special Formula Guano for Yellow Leaf Tob., Revised 9.00

American No. 1 Fertilizer 8.00

American Champion Tobacco Grower, Revised 8.00

Bob White Fertilizer for Tobacco, Revised 8.00

Bone and Peruvian Guano 8.00

A. L. Hannah's Special Formula Guano 8.00

Peruvian Mixture Guano 8.50

American Standard Cotton Grower, Revised 10.00

Capital King Cotton Grower, Revised 9.00

American Panacea Guano 9.00

Blood and Bone Compound 8.50

K. C. and S. C. Cotton Grower, Revised 8.00

Wizard Crop Grower 8.00

American 7 per cent Guano 7.00

American Fish Scrap Guano, Revised 7.00

Peruvian Mixture Guano for Sweet Potatoes 8.00

J. J. White's Special Formula for Tobacco 8.00

American 6-5-2 Fertilizer 6.00

American 6 and 5 Ammoniated Compound 6.00

ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS,
Greensboro, Chicago, and Wilmington.

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Fertilizer Xo. 92022 9.20

Fertilizer Xo. 957 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 934 9.00

African Cotton Grower 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 933 9.00

Armour's Tobacco Champion 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 932 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 931 9.00

Special Mixture 9.00

Johnson's High Grade 9.00

Carolina Special 9.00

Forsyth County Tobacco Special 9.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 92 % 4 9.00

Fertilizer No. 92 % 3 9.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 925 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 924 9.00

Armour's Bright Tobacco Grower 9.00

Bone Dissolved Bone with Potash 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 922 9.00

Fertilizer No. 921 9.00

Fertilizer Xo. 1233 12.00

Fertilizer Xo. 1134 11.00

Fertilizer Xo. 1121 11.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.29

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

3.00

3.29

3.00

2.26

2.00

2.88

2.00

2.88

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1,50

1.65

1.00

2.26

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.06

1.00

3.29

r.oo

2.47

1.00

5.76

1.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

1.00

2.47

3.00

4.12

2.00

4.12

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

2.00

4.11

7.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3,00

2.47

3,00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.05

5.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

3.00

1.85

4.00

1.85

4.00

1.85

3.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

"2.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

4.00

1.65

1.00

10 The Bulletii^

Available

Phoa. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Special Tobaceo Formula 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1045 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1044 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1043 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1042 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1033 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1032 10.00

Ammonia Compound 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1025 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1023 10.00

Hartman's Animal Bone 10.00

Armours Wlieat Grower 10.00

Ammoniated Dissolved Bone and Potash 10. (lO

Fertilizer No. 1021 10.00

Ammonia Compound 10.00

Special Mixture 10.00

Armour's Special Guano 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1012 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1011 10.00

Fertilizer No. 913 9.00

Fertilizer No. 912 9.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 8.50

Standard Cotton Grower 8.50

Truck Fertilizers (875) 8.00

Fertilizer No. 875 8.00

Blood, Bone, and Potash 8.00

Young's Special 8.00

Van Lindley's Special 8.00

Fertilizer No. 846 8.00

Fertilizer No. 845 '. 8.00

Fertilizer No. 844 8.00

Armour's Tobacco Grower 8.00

Special Trucker 8.00

Fertilizer No. 843 8.00

Fertilizer No. 842 8.00

Truck and Berry Special 8.00

Fertilizer No. 837 8.00

Armour's 836 for Tobacco 8.00

Fertilizer No. 836 8.00

Special for Tobacco 8.00

Fertilizer No. 835 8.00

Fertilizer No. 834 8.00

Underwood's Favorite 8.00

Cotton Special 8.00

Tobacco Special 8.00

Fertilizer No. 833 8.00

Fertilizer No. 832 8.00

Fertilizer No. 831 8.00

Berry King 8.00

Fertilizer 82 '/i 3 8.00

Sweet Potato Special 8.00

Gold Medal for Tobacco 8.00

Champion 8.00

King Cotton 8.00

Slate's Tobacco Special 8.00

High Grade Potato 8.00

Fertilizer No. 826 8.00

Stokes' County Tobacco Si)ecial 8.00

f'ruit and Koot Crop Special 8.00

Fertilizer No. 825 8.00

Fertilizer No. 824 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.50

6.25

3.30

5.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

3.00

3.30

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.65

5.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.03

6.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

.82

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

5.76

5.00

5.76

5.00

4.11

7.00

4.11

3.00

4.11

2.00

3.30

6.00

3.30

5.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

3.00

3.30

2.00

2.47

10.00

2.47

7.00

2.47

6.00

2.47

6.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.05

4.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

2.50

2.05

2.00

1.85

4.00

1.65

10.00

1.65

6.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

4.00

The Bulletin

11

Xame of Brand

Fertilizer No. 823

Carolina Cotton Special

Slaughter House for Tobacco

Armour's Slaughter House Fertilizer,

General

Fertilizer
Fertilizer
Fertilizer

No. 815

No. 814

No. 813

Armour's Extra Trucker.
Fertilizer No. 758

Available

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

8.00
8.00

8.00
8.00

8.00
8.00

8.00

8.00

7.00

7.00

Allen's Tobacco Special 7.00

7.00

7.00

6.00

6.00

600

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.00

5.00

5.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

Special Formula for Tobacco 4.00

Fertilizer No. 444 4.00

Harris Electric Top Dresser 2.00

Armour's Top Dresser

Armour's Top Dresser

"N'itrolene "

Phosphate and Potash 15.00

Phosphate and Pota.sh 13.00

Golden Grain Grower 13.00

Armour's Trucker

Fertilizer No. 743

Armour's 7 per cent Trucker.
Armour's 5 per cent Trucker.

Fertilizer No. 648

Fertilizer No. 647

Manure Substitute

Armour's Velvet Leaf for Toba

Fertilizer No. 637

Fertilizer No. 633

10 per cent Trucker

Armour's Top Dresser

Fertilizer No. 544

Armour's Top Dresser

Armour's Top Dresser

Pitt County Special Tobacco.

Xitroffen
Per Cent

1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
.82
.82
.82
5.76
4.11
4.11
4.11
3.30
5.76
4.11
3.30
3.30
3.30
2.47
2.47
2.47
8.23
' 8.23
3.30
8.23
6.18
3.30
3.30
3.30
8.23
7.81
7.40
7.40

Phosphate and

Phosphate and

Phosphate and

Phosphate and

Phosphate and

Potash 12.00

Potash 12.00

Potash... 12.00

Potash 12.00

Potash 12.00

Sampson's Corn Mixture 11.00

Phosphate and Potash .' 11.00

Phosphate and Potash 10.00

Phosphoric Acid and Potash 10.00

Superphosphate and Potash 10.00

Acid and Potash 10.00

Pho.sphate and Potash No. 1 10.00

Armour's Phosphate and Potash 9.00

Phosphate and Potash No. 2 8.00

Phosphate and Potash No. 3 8.00

Acid Phosphate 17.00

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Star Phosphate 14.00

Acid Phosphate 13. 00

Acid Phosphate 12.00

Kainit

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

Potnuh
Per Cent

3.00

3.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

7.00

8.00

8.00

5.00

3.00

5.00

7.00

8.00

7.00

4.00

7.00

7.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

4.00

4.00

2.50

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

4.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

5.00

1.00

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

3.00

5.00

4.00

12.00
50.00
50.00

14.81
13.16

12

The BuLLETiif

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

10 per cent Tankage

Tankage

Bone Meal (Total) 24.00

Raw Bone Meal (Total) 22.00

Cotton Seed Meal

Sulphate of Ammonia

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1031 10.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Grain Special 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1011 for Grain 10.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 9.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 9-00

Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Fertilizer No. 92 V, 1 9.00

Fertilizer No. 921 for Grain 9.00

Fertilizer No. 862 8.00

Fertilizer No. 853 8.00

Fertilizer No. 851 8.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Fertilizer No. 841 8.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Fertilizer No. 831 for Grain 8.00

Fertilizer No. 82 Vi 1 8.00

Slaughter House for Grain 8.00

Fertilizer No. 752 7.00

Fertilizer No. 751 'J'OO

Ammoniated Superphosphate 7.00

Fertilizer No. 642 6.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

Fertilizer No. 753 7.00

Fertilizer No. 861 8.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Special Mixture 10.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

8.23

. * . .

6.58

. . .

2.47

. . .

3.70

. . .

6.18

. . .

20.56

.62

2.00

3.30

2.47

. . .

.82

. . .

3.30

. . .

2.47

1.65

. . .

.82

4.11

. . .

3.30

. . ,

2.47

1.00

2.47

.41

2.00

.20

2.00

1.65

.82

1.00

3.30

....

2.47

• • * • .

2.27

2.00

2.05

1.00

1.65

1.00

4.94

2.00

4.11

3.00

4.11

• 1.00

4.11

3.30

1.00

2.47

2.00

3.30

2.47

1.00

2.05

1.00

1.65

2.00

4.11

2.00

4.11

1.00

4.11

3.30

2.00

3.30

4.11

3.00

4.94

1.00

4.94

....

1.23

4.C

»0

Arps'
Arps'
Arps'
Arps'
Arps'
Arps'
Arps'

GEORGE L. ARPS & CO.,

Norfolk, Va.

Available

Pho.f. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

High Grade 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Substitute Brand 10.00

Bumper Mixture 9.00

Restoration Brand 9.00

Acid Phospliate and Ammonia Mixture 9.00

Quick Step Brand 8.00

Sharpshooter Brand 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Po
Pel

tank
Cent

3.29

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

....

3.30

2.47

1.00

The Bulletin

13

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Arps" AVinona 6.00

Arps' Oceana Top Dresser 4.00

Arps' Racine Top Dresser 4.00

Arps' New Brand Top Dresser 3.00

Arps' 10 per cent Fish Scrap 4.00

Arps' Special Guano 8.00

Arps' Special Potato Guano 7.00

Arps' Rosemary Brand 7.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.30

8.23

7.40

3.00

7.40

> > > •

8.23

' • . . .

3.30

1.00

4.11

2.00

4.11

1.00

ASHCRM'T-WILKINSON COMPANY,
Atlant.-^, Ga.

Name of Brand
Nitrate of Soda

Available

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

Nitrogen
Per Cent

15.00-

Potash
Per Cent

ATLANTIC CHEMICAL CORPORATION,

Norfolk, Va.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Atlantic High Grade 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Atlantic 14 per cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Atlantic Dissolved Bone 13.00

Atlantic Mecca Ammoniated Phosphate 12.00

Atlantic Corn Special 12.00

Atlantic Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Atlantic Acid Phosphate 12.00

Atlantic Upkeep Ammoniated Phosphate 11.00

Atlantic 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture 11.00

Atlantic Dorcas Special Truck Compound 10.00

Atlantic Drum Major Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

Atlantic Cowbo.v Meal Mixture 10.00

Atlantic Leda Fertilizer 10.00

Atlantic Padlock Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

Atlantic Wyandotte Fertilizer 10.00

Atlantic Sunset Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

Atlantic Fellowship Fertilizer 10.00

Atlantic 10 and 5 Bone nad Potash Mixture 10.00

Atlantic 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Atlantic Bone and Potash for Grain 10.00

Atlantic Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Atlantic Mira Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00

Acco Tobacco Compound 9.00

Atlantic Snowflake Fertilizer 9.00

Atlantic Orlando Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00

Atlantic ileal Coniiiound 9.00

Atlantic Warhorse Meal Mi.xture 9.00

Atlantic Cotton Grower 9.00

Atlantic Corona Cotton Compound 9.00

Atlantic Special Guano 9.00

Atlantic Grain Guano 9.00

Atlantic Fish Guano 9.00

Atlantic S^)ecial 91-2 Guano 9.00

Atlantic Omar Tobacco Fertilizer 8.50

Atlantic Steadfast 7 Per Cent Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

Atlantic Hector Truck Compound 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

1.65
1.03

2.47

Potash
Per Cent

2.00
2.00

5.00

4.94

3.30

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.65

1.00

1.65

.82

1.00

. . . .

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

3.30

2.47

3.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

....

2.26

2.00

2.26

1.00

2.06

1.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

1.65

2.00

5.76

....

4.12

1.00

14

The Bulletin

Available

PI) OS. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Atlantic Speedwell Special Trucker 8.00

Atlantic Special Truck Guano 8.00

Atlantic Wigwam High Grade Guano 8.00

Atlantic Paloma Tobacco Guano 8.00

Atlantic Ironclad Fertilizer 8.00

Atlantic Cuckoo Tobaccco Guano 8.00

Atlantic Moose Brand Fertilizer 8.00

Atlantic Otter Tobacco Guano 8.00

Pitt County Light Tobacco Special 8.00

Boone's Special 8.00

Atlantic High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

Atlantic High Grade Cotton Guano 0 8.00

Bearjiond Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Atlantic Fawn Brand Tobacco Guano 8.00

Atlantic Alba Tobacco Grawer 8.00

Atlantic Cadet Fertilizer 8.00

Atlantic Halo Meal Compound 8.00

Atlantic Tobacco Grower 8.00

Atlantic Tobacco Compound 8.00

Atlantic Soluble Guano 8.00

Atlantic Soluble Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Atlantic Special Wheat Fertilizer 8.00

Atlantic Bugle Peanut Guano 8.00

Atlantic Secca Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

Atlantic 8 and 5 Bone and Potash Mi.xture 8.00

Atlantic 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00

Atlantic Topaz Truck Guano 7.00

Atlantic Vitus Ammoniated Phosphate 7.00

Acco Potato Manure 7.00

Atlantic Potato Guano 7.00

Atlantic Passbook 5 Per Cent Potato Guano 7.00

Atlantic 5 Per Cent Ammoniated Phosphate 7.00

Atlantic Lighthouse Peanut Grower 7.00

Acco 7 Per Cent Trucker 6.00

Atlantic Cashier 7 Per Cent Potato Guano 6.00

Atlantic 7 per cent Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

Atlantic Special Potato Guano 6.00

Atlantic Bamboo Truck Fertilizer 6.00

Atlantic Dublin ."> per cent Truck Compound 6.00

Atlantic Light Land Special Fertilizer 6.00

Acco 10 Per Cent Truck Guano 5.00

Atlantic Oceana Trucker 5.00

Atlantic Simoon 10 Per Cent Truck Compound 5.00

Atlantic Vita Truck Grower 5.00

Atlantic Buttercup 7 Per Cent Potato Guano 5.00

Atlantic Side Dresser 4.00

Atlantic Pourteno Top Dresser 4.00

Atlantic Ground Fish Scrap 4.00

Atlantic Special Top Dresser 4.00

Atlantic Threenineo Top Dresser 3.00

Atlantic Top Dresser «

Atlantic Pure Raw Bone Meal (Total) 21.50

Atlantic Ground Tankage 6.00

Nitrate of Soda

Acco Thoma.s Phosi)hate 17.00

Cotton Seed Meal '.

Sulphate of Potash

Muriate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Atlantic Landslide Truck Compound 6.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash ■
Per Cent

4.12

....

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

2.00

3.30

2.00

3.30

1.00

2.88

5.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.03

4.00

3.30

> • • >

5.00

• • • •

4.00

5.76

7.00

4.94

4.12

7.00

4.12

5.00

4.12

1.00

4.12

. . • .

....

5.00

5.76

5.00

5.76

1.00

5.76

4.12

7.00

4.12

5.00

4.12

1.00

3.30

....

8.23

3.00

8.23

2.50

8.23

....

5.76

5.00

5.76

1.00

8.23

4.00

8.23

8.23

....

6.17

2.50

7.40

....

7.40

3.00

3.70

8.23

....

15.21

6.17

....

48.00

....

48.00

12.00

5.76

3.00

The Bulletin

15

THE BARRETT COMPANY,
New York City.

Xame of Brand
Arcadiau Sulpliate of Ammonia.

Available

Phos. Arif/

Per Cent

Xitrogen
Per Cent

20.75

Potash
Per Cent

BAUGH & SONS CO.,
Philadelphi.x, Pa., and Norfolk, Ya.

Available

Phos. Ac ill

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Baugh's Raw Bone Meal, V.'arranted Pure (Total) 21. .50

Bauich's Fine Ground Bone (Total) 16.49

Baugh's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Baugh's High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Baugh's Pure Dissolved Animal Bones 13.00

Baugh's Grand Rapid Guano 9.00

Baugh's Fish Mi.xture 9.00

Baugli's Animal Base and Potash Compound for All Crops. . . 9.00

Baugh's Peruvian Guano Substitute for Potatoes and All

Yegetables .- 8.00

Baugh's New Process 10 per cent Guano 5.00

Baugh's Half and Half Mixture (Total) 19.00

Baugh's High Grade Ammoniated Animal Base 10.00

Baugh's Old Stand-by (Dissolved Animal Base) 12.00

Baugh's Effective Animal Base Manure 10.00

Baugh's Complete Animal Base Fertilizer 10.00

Baugh's Norfolk Si)ecial Guano 8.00

Baugh's Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Sulphate Ammonia

Nitrate Soda . . .•

Baugh's Y'ucatan Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Baugh's "Old Standby" Compound for Tobacco 8.00

Baugh's Colonial Tobacco Guano 9.00

Baugh's High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

Baugh's Ammphos Soil and Crop Fertilizer 8.00

Bauirh's Durable Plant Food 8.00

liaugli's Non-Potash Mixture 9.00

I'.augh's Nitrophos Soil and Crop Fertilizer 8.00

Fine Ground Dried Blood

Baugh's Maximum Potato Guano 6.00

Baugh's Tri-Unit Potato Guano 8.00

Baugh's Fish Bone and Potash 8.00

Baugh's Wheat Fertilizer for Wheat and Grass 8.00

Baugh's Grain and Grass Grower 10.00

Baugh's Soluble Top Dresser

Baugh's Accelerator — A Complete Top Dresser 4.00

Baugh's Admiration Top Dresser

Baugh's Ceres Harvest Goddess .„

Baugh's Departmental Guano 6.00

Baugh's Pure Steamed Bone 25.19

Baugh's High Grade Tankage (Total) 4.00

Baugh's Ground Fish 5.00

Baugh's 7 Per Cent Potato Guano 6.00

Xitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.70

2.47

2.06

2.47

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

4.12

1.00

8.23

1.23

3.30

> > ■ ■

1.65

....

3.30

1.00

1.65

1.00

5.76

2.47

....

20.57

....

15.22

....

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

2.06

2.00

2.47

2.00

4.12

1.65

2.00

2,47

• . . *

3.30

* • • .

12.00

....

5.76

3.00

4.12

3.00

3.30

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

1.00

8.25

3.00

6.58

4.00

8.25

2.00

7.40

3.00

3.30

1.65

5.76

....

8.23

....

5.76

1.00

10 The Bulletix

THE BERKLEY CHEMICAL COMPANY,

Norfolk, Va.

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cfnt

Berkley Acid Phosphate 14.00

Resolute Acid Phosphate 16.00

Laurel Potash Mixture 10.00

Long Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00

Select Crop Grower 8.50

Advance Crop Grower 8.00

Berkley Tobacco Guano 8.00

Mascot Truck Guano 7.00

Royal Truck Grower 6.00

Berkley Plant Food 10.00

Superior Bone and Potash 8.00

Monitor Animal Bone Fertilizer 9.00

Victory Special Crop Grower 8.00

The Leader of the World 5.00

Berkley 1-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

Berkley 1-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00

Berkley 2-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Berkley 2-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

Berkley 2-12-0 Fertilizer 12.00

Berkley 2-9-1 Fertilizer -. 9.00

Berkley 2-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00

Berkley Crop Grower 8.00

Berkley 2-9-2 Fertilizer ■. . . . 9.00

Berkley 2% -9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

Monitor Animal Bone Special 9.00

Berkley 2 i^-lO-l Fertilizer 10.00

Berkley 3-9-0 Fertilizer 9.00

Berkley 3-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Berkley Tobacco Special 8.00

Berkley 3-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Berkley 3-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

Berkley 3-9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

Berkley 3-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Berkley 4-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Berkley 4-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Berkley 4-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Berkley 4-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Berkley 5-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Berkley 5-7-0 Fertilizer 7.00

Berkley 5-7-1 Fertilizer 7.00

Berkley 7-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Berkley 7-6-2 Fertilizer 7.00

Berkley 5-7-2 Fertilizer 7.00

Berkley 7-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Berkley 7-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Berkley 7-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Berkley 7-6-1 Fertilizer 6.00

Berkley 10-5-0 Fertilizer , 5.00

Berkley 10-5-1 Fertilizer 5.00

Berkley 10-5-2 Fertilizer 5.00

Berkley 9-3-0 Top Dresser 3.00

Berkley 9-4-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Berkley 10-5-0 Top Dresser 5.00

Berkley 10-5-1 Top Dresser 5.00

Berkley 10-4-2 Top Dresser 4.00

Berkley 4-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrogen

Potash

Per Cent

Per Cent

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.06

2.50

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

4.11

5.00

5.76

5.00

4.00

....

4.00

1.85

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

5.00

.82

.82

1.00

1.65

1.65

> > • •

1.65

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.85

1.00

1.85

2.00

2.06

1.00

2.47

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

3.29

3.29

3.29

2.00

3.29

....

4.11

4.11

4.11

1.00

5.76

5.76

2.00

4.11

2.00

5.76

5.76

1.00

5.76

2.00

5.76

1.00

8.23

....

8.23

1.00

8.23

2.00

7.41

7.41

• * • >

8.23

8.23

1.00

8.23

2.00

3.29

1.00

15.00

....

The Bulletin 17

s. t. beveridge & co.,

RiCHMOXD, Va.

A vaUable
Phos. Acid yUrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Thomas or Basic Slag 18.00 ....

BIRMIXGHAM FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Birmingham, Ala.

Available
Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Birmingham Tobacco Special 8.00 2.47 3.00

Birmingham Tobacco Special, Revised '. 8.00 2.47 2.00

BLACKSTONE GUANO COMPANY, Inc.,
Blackstone, Va.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Clover Leaf 16 Per Cent Phosphate 16.00

Bone and Phosphate Half and Half (Total) 15.00

King of Corn 14.50

Virginia Tobacco Grower 11.00

Brifjcht Tobacco Special 10.00

Old Bellefonte S])ecial 10.00

Bellefonte 8.00

Red Letter 8.00

Alliance 8.00

Tobacco Compound 10.00

Blackstone Raw Bone (Total) 20.00

Animal Bone (Total) 22.50

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Po
Per

ta.sh
Cent

1.65

1.03

2.47

1.65

3.30

2.47

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

3.70

....

2.47

THE BOYKIN CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Baltimore, Md.

Available

Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Boykin's Top Dresser 7.41 8.00

Boykin's Top Dresser No. 2-B . ' 7.41 2.00

Boykin's Top Dresser No. 3-C 7.41 1.00

BOWKER FERTILIZER COMPANY,

(Subsidiary of the American Agricultural Chemical Company.)

New York and Boston, Mass.

Available

Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Bowker's High Grade Soluble Phosphate 16.00 .... ....

Bowker's Empire Standard Revised 9.00 1.65 1.00

Bowker's Cotton-Seed Meal Compound 9.00 1.65 1.00

Bowker's Gold Eagle Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 2.39 2.00

Bowker's High Grate Cotton-Seed Meal Compound 8.00 3.47 1.00

Bowker's Tobacco Fertilizer Revised 8.00 2.47 2.00

Bowker's Ammoniated Superphosphate with Potash 9.00 2.47 1.00

2

18

The Bulletin

A vailable

Phns. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Bowker's H. G. Ammoniated Superphosphate with Potash.... 8.00

Bowker s 2-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Bowker's 1-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

Bowker's 2-12-0 Fertilizer 12.00

Bowker's 3-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Bowker's 4-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Bowker's 4-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Bowker's 4-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Xitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.29

1.00

1.65

• • . •

.82

1.65

2.47

3.29

3.29

3.29

BRAGAW FERTILIZER COMPANY,

\\'-\SHINGTON, N. C.

Name of Brand

Cotton Seed Meal

Fish Scrap

Available

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

Xitrogen
Per Cent

6.18

8.66

Potash
Per Cent

H. P. BROWN GUANO COMPANY,

S.iLISBURY, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Brown's 12-4-4 Guano 12.00

Brown's 12-2-4 Guano 12.00

Brown's 10-4-4 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-3-3 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-2-2 Guano 10.00

Brown's 10-1 % -6 Guano 10.00

Brown's 9-3-6 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-3-4 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-3-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2%-2 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2^-4 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-1-3 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-1-2 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2-1 Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-2% -2 Tobacco Guano 9.00

Brown's 9-3-2 Guano 9.00

Brown's 12-3-1 Guano 12.00

Brown's 11-2-1 Guano 11.00

Brown's 10-1-1 Guano 10.00

Brown's 8-4% -7 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-41/2-7 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-6 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-6 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-4 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-4-2 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-10 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-7 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-7 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-6 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-6 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-5 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-5 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-4 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-4 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Xitroffen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.29

4.00

1.65

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.03

6.00

2.47

6.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.26

2.00

1.85

4.00

1.65

3.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

1.65

1.00

2.26

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

1.00

.82

1.00

3.71

7.00

3.71

7.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

2.00

2.47

10.00

2.47

7.00

2.47

7.00

2.47

6.00

2.47

6.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

4.00

The Bulletin

19

Available

PlioH. Aciil

Name of Brand Per Cent

Brown's 8-3-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-2 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-3-1 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2 Va -3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2 y2-3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2 % -2 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2 V2-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-10 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-5 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-5 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-2 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-2-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-1-4 Guano 8.00

Brown's 8-1-3 Guano 8.00

Brown's 7-7-7 Guano 7.00

Brown's 7-5-8 Guano 7.00

Brown's 7-5-5 Guano 7.00

Brown's 7-4-5 Guano 7.00

Brown's 6-6-6 Guano . . . . ; 6.00

Brown's 6-4-7 Guano 6.00

Brown's 4-4-6 Guano 4.00

Brown's 4-7 Vo -2 Top Dresser 4.00

Brown's 0-9-3 Top Dresser

Brown's 10-4 Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Brown's 10-3 Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Brown's 10-2 Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Brown's 12-2 Ammoniated Compound 12.00

Brown's 6-4 Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Brown's 14-2 Bone and Potash 14.00

Brown's 14-1 Bone and Potash 14.00

Brown's 12-6 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-5 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-4 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-3 Bone and Potash 12.00

Brown's 12-2 Bone and Poatsh 12.00

Brown's 11-5 Bone and Potash 11.00

Brown's 11-2 Bone and Potash 11.00

Brown's 11-1 Bone and Potash 11.00

Brown's 10 ^-l^^ Bone and Potash 10.50

Brown's 10-6 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-5 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-4 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-3 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 10-2 Bone and Potash 10.00

Brown's 8-5 Bone and Potash 8.00

Brown's 8-4 Bone and Potash 8.00

Brown's 20-12 Bone and Potash 20.00

Brown's 20-8 Bone and Potash 20.00

Brown's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Brown's 14 Per Cent Acid Phos))hate 14.00

Brown's 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Brown's 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

Brown's 24 Per Cent Acid Phosi)hate 24.00

Brown's 21.5-4.5 Bone Meal 21.5

Brown's 12 Per Cent Kainit

Brown's Nitrate of Soda

Brown's Muriate of Potash

Brown's Sulphate of Potash

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

10.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

4.00

.82

3.00

5.76

7.00

4.12

8.00

4.12

5.00

3.29

5.00

4.94

6.00

3.29

7.00

3.29

6.00

6.17

2.00

7.40

3.00

3.29

2.47

1.65

1.65

....

3.29

2.00

1.00

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

5.00

2.00

1.00

1.50

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

. . . •

2.00

5.00

4.00

12.00

. . . .

8.00

3.70
15.00

12.00

48.00
48.00

20

The Bulletin

Available

Phns. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Brown's 10 Per Cent Pish Scrap

Browns Thos. Phos. (Anchor Brand), 17 to 19 Per Cent Total.

Brown's Ground Phosphate Rock, 28 Per Cent Total.

Brown's Tankage 2.00

Brown's Dried Blood

Brown's Dissolved Animal Bone 13.00

Brown's Cotton Seed Meal

Brown's 10-1 M- 4 Guano 10.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

8.24

8.24

13.00

2.06

6.17
1.03

Potash
Per Cent

4.00

BRYANT FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Alex.\ndbi.4, Ya.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Bryant's Acid Phosphate 12.00

Bryant's Wheat Special ■. 10.00

Bryant's Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Bryant's Bone and Potash Mi.xture 11.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 3.00

Sulphate of Ammonia

Bryant's Special Tobacco Mi.xture 8.50

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 4.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 4.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 5.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 4.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

Bryant's High Grade Guano, Revised 8.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superpho.spkate 6.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 4.00

Bryant's Acid Phosphate 13.00

Bryant's High Grade Ammoniated Superphosphate 7.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Bryant's Choice. C. S. M. 3 Per Cent Mi.xture, Revised 8.00

Bryant's Special C. S. M. Fertilizer, Revised 9.00

Bryant's Special Truck Fertilizer 7.00

Bryant's High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer, Revised 8.00

Bryant's High Grade Meal Fertilizer, Revised 8.00

Thomas Phosphate, 17 Total.

Bryant's Carolina Special Top Dresser

Bryant's High Grade Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Bryant's Standard Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superi)hosphate 12.00

Bryant's High Grade Superphosphate 10.00

Bryant's Standard Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Bryant's Ammoniated Superphosi)liate 10.00

Bryant's Standard Ammoniated Sui)eri)hosphate 9.00

Bryant's High Grade Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Pure Raw Bone (45 Per Cent Phos. of Lime Equiv. 20.60

T. P. A.) 3.70 (Eq. Ammo. 4.50).

Nitrate of Soda

Blood

High Grade Tankage

Fish Scraj)

Cotton Seed Meal

Bryant's High Grade Meal Fertilizer 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

.82

7.40
20.56
1.65
6.58
8.23
9.05
4.94
8.23
3.29
4.11
3.29
6.17

4.94
.82
2.47
2.26
4.11
3.29
3.29

7.40
2.47
1.65
.82
3.29
2.47
1.65
2.47
3.29

14.81
13.16
8.23
9.05
6.17
3.29

Potash
Per Cent

1.00
2.00
1.00

1.50

1.00

1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00

3.00

48.00
48.00
12.00

4.00

The Bulletin

21

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Farmer's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

15ryaut's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Parrish

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Carolina

Bryant's

Bryant's

Bryant's

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of liraud Per Cent

f'avorite Cotton Seed Meal Guano 8.00

Victor Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Choice C. S. M. 3 Per Cent Mixture 8.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

"Otter" Si>ecial Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Meal Fertilizer .. . 8.00

Boll Special 8.00

Cotton and Corn Fertilizer 8.00

Special Fertilizer for Tobacco 8.00

Mi.vture 8 %

Cotton Grower 8.00

Special Fertilizer 8,00

Cotton Seed Meal . Guano 8.00

"Potomac" Bone Special for Tobacco 8.00

Special Formula for Grain and Grass 8.00

Truck Grower 7.00

Fish Scrap Guano 7.00

Carolina Top Dresser 6.00

High Grade Top Dresser 4.00

Top Dresser 4.00

Special Top Dresser 2.00

Complete Fertilizer 9.00

Grain Fertilizer 9.00

Standard Top Dresser 4.00

Acid Phospliate 17.00

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Dissolved Bone 14.00

High Grade Wheat Mixture 12.00

. . . 12.00

. . . 10.00

. . . 10.00

. . . 10.00

8.00

9.00

9.00

9.00

9.00

9.00

8.00

8.00

8.00

Godwin's Dissolved Bone with Potash

Bone and Potash

Bone and Potash

Bone and Potash Mixture

Wheat Mixture

"Challenge" Highest Grade Toljacco Mixture.

Meal Mixture

Special Cotton Seed Meal Fertilizer

Bone Mixture for Tobacco

Wheat and Grain Guano

High Grade Guano

High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer

High Grade Fertilizer

Nitrogen
Per Cent

2.47
2.47
2.47
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.47
2.06
2.06
1.85
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65

.82
5.76
3.29
5.76
8.23
6.17
5.76
1.65

.82
8.23

2.47
2.47
2.26

2.06
.82
3.29
3.29
2.47

Potash
Per Cent

3.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
7.00
4.00
5.00
4.00
2.50
2.50
1.00
2.00
3.00

6.00
4.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
4.00
3.00

THE C. J. BURTOX GUANO COMPANY,

Baltimore, Md.

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Burton's Special Fertilizer 8.00

Burton Choice 8.00

Burton's Best Fertilizer 8.00

Burton's Pimlico 9.00

Burton's Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00

Burton's Ammoniated Bone Phosphate 8.00

Burton's Pride 6.00

Burton's Club Brand 10.00

Burton's Butcher Bone 8.00

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Burton's Unexcelled 10.00

Burton's Special Top Dressing 4.00

Xitropen
Per Cent

Pn
Pe,

tnult
Cent

3.30

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.4T

2.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

3.30

3.30

3.30

1.65

2.00

1.65

8.24

22

The Bulletin

WILLIAM H. CAMP, Inc.,
Petersburg, Va.

Available

Plios. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Camp's Red Head Chemicals 8.00

Lion and Monkey Brand, Revised 1916 9.00

Lion and Monkey for Tobacco Revised 1917 8.00

Lion and Monkey for Tobacco 8.00

Lion and Monkey Brand Standard 8.00

Victory Brand Corn Grower, Revised 1916 10.00

Victory Brand Special 12.00

Cat and Rat Brand Peanut Grower 9.00

Lion and Monkey Brand 16 Per Cent 16.00

Nitrate of Soda

Machine Dried Fish Scrap

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

2.00

2.47

....

2.47

2.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

....

1.65

1.65

1.00

14.76

9.48

•

CARALEIGH PHOSPHATE AND FERTILIZER WORKS,
Raleigh, N. C.

Available
Phos. Acid Nitrogen
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Comet Guano 8.00 .82

Caraleigh Top Dresser 3.00 8.23

Nitrate of Soda 15.65

Kanona Tankage .... 9.04

Dried Blood 13.16

Ground Fish 8.22

Formula 40 Guano 8.00 2.47

Oakdale Guano , 8.00 2.67

8-4-1 Special 8.00 3.29

14-1-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 14.00 .82

12-2-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 12.00 1.65

10-4-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00 3.29

10-3-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00 2.47

10-2-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00 1.65

9-3-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00 2.47

8-4-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00 3.29

8-3^-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00 2.67

7-4-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 7.00 3.29

6-5-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00 4.11

6-4-0 Ammoniated Phosjihate 6.00 3.29

5-5-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 5.00 4.11

4-6-0 Ammoniated Phosphate 4.00 4.93

McGee's Bright Leaf Tobacco Guano 8.00 1.65

Special 9-3-2 Guano 9.00 2.47

Pacific Tobacco and Cotton Grower 9.00 2.26

Rhamkatte Special Tobacco Guano 8.00 3.29

Caraleigh Meal and Tankage Mixture 8.00 3.29

Special 8-4-4 8.00 3.29

Home's Best 8.00 2.47

Eclipse Ammoniated Guano 8.00 2.47

Caraleigh Formula for Tobacco 8.00 2.47

Planter's Pride 8.00 2.06

Caraleigh Special Tobacco Guano 8.00 2.06

Eli Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00 1.65

Crown Ammoniated Guano 8.00 1.65

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

Climax Dissolved Bone 14.00 ....

Sterling Acid Phosphate 13.00 ....

Stai.le Acid Phosphate 12.00

Home & Sons High Grade Bone and Potash 11.00 ....

Tot ash
Per Cent
3.00
4.00

4.00
3.00
1.00

2.00
2.00
2.00
6.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00

5.00

The Bulletin

23

A vailable

Phds. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Special Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Morris & Scarboro's Special Bone and Potash 10.00

Buncombe Corn Grower 8.00

Buncombe Wheat Grower 8.00

Electric Bone and Potash 10.00

Raw Bone Meal 20.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

4.00
3.00
4.00
4.00
2.00

3.70

CAROLINA UNION FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Norfolk, Va.

Available

Pho.i. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Carolina Union 3-8-3 8.00

Carolina Union 3-8-2 8.00

Carolina Union 3-81 8.00

Carolina Union 4-10 10.00

Carolina Union 4-8 8.00

Carolina Union 4-6 6.00

Carolina Union 3-12 12.00

Carolina Union 3-10 10.00

Carolina Union 3-9 9.00

Carolina Union 16 16.00

Carolina Union 14 14.00

Fish Guano 10.00

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potaxh
Per Cer

t

2.46

3.00

2.46

2.00

2.46

1.00

3.29

■ • .

3.29

3.29

2.46

2.46

2.46

8.20

14.00

CATAWBA FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Lancaster, S. C.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Catawba Red Star 8.00

Catawba Eclipse ' 8.00

Catawba Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Catawba Ammoniated Compound 8.00

Catawba Ammopiated Compound 9.00

Catawba Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Catawba Acid and Potasli 10.00

Catawba Acid Phosphate (H. G.) 16.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

3.30

....

3.30

....

2.47

....

1.65

....

2.00

THE CHESAPEAKE CHEMICAL COMPANY,
Baltimore, Md.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

C. C. & Co.'s 4-8-6 Fertilizer 8.00

C. C. & Co.'s 4-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

C. C. & Co.'s Favorite Producer 10.00

C. C. & Co.'s 3-9-0 Fertilizer 9.00

C. C. & Co.'s Fish Tobacco Guano 8.00

C. C. & Co.'s Fish Tobacco Guano, Revised 8.00

C. C. & Co.'s 3-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

C. C. & Co.'s General Crop Grower 9.00

C. C. & Co.'s 2-9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

C. C. & Co.'s National Crop Grower 8.00

C. C. & Co.'s bissolved Phosphate 16.00

C. C. & Co.'s 4-6-1 Fertilizer 6.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Po
Pel

fash
Cent

3.28

• > • ■

3.28

■ > ■ •

2.46

....

2.46

. • • •

2.46

3.00

2.46

2.00

2.46

1.00

2.25

2.00

1.64

2.00

1.64

2.00

3.28

1.00

24 The Bulletin

chickamauga fertilizer works,

Chattanooga, Texk.

Available
Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Chiekamauga High Grade Fertilizer 10.00 1.65 2.00

Georgia Home Guano 8.00 1.65 2.00

Chickamauga Blood-Meal Compound 10.00 1.65 1.00

Cliickamauga Blood-Meal Compound Ko. 921 9.00 1.65 1.00

Cliickamauga Blood, Bone and Tankage Guano 9.00 .82 2.00

Chickamauga Soluble Bone 10.00 .82 1.00

Chickamauga Special Formula Xo. 1220 12.00 1.65

Chickamauga Special Formula No. 1020 10.00 1.65

Chickamauga H. G. Dissolved Bone No. 16 16.00 ....

Chickamauga H. G. Dissolved Bone 14.00 ....

Chickamauga Dissolved Bone 12.00 .... :

Nitrate of Soda 15.00

CHOWAN COTTON OIL AND FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Edenton, N. C.

Available
Phos. Aeid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Chowan Special 12.00 1.65

Chowan Special 12.00 2.475

Chowan Special 12.00 3.30

Chowan Special 10.00 1.65

Chowan Special 10.00 2.475

Cliowan Special 10.00 3.30

Chowan Special 9.00 2.475

Chowan Special 9.00 3.30

Chowan Special 9.25 2.8875

Chowan Special 9.00 4.125

Chowan Special 8.00 3.30

Chowan Special 8.00 4.125

Chowan Special 6.00 5.775

Chowan Special 6.00 5.15

Chowan Special 7.00 4.125

Chowan Special 8.25

Nitrate of Soda 14.25

Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

COE MORTIMER COMPANY,
Charleston, S. C.

Available
Phos. Arid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Coe Mortimer Company's 10-2-0 10.00 1.65

Coe Mortimer Company's 12-2-0 12.00 1.65

Coe Mortimer Company's 12-3-0 12.00 2.47

Coe Mortimer Company's 10-3-0 10.00 2.47

Coe Mortimer Company's 9-3-0 9.00 2.47

Mortimer's Meal Mi.xture D-9-30 9.00 2.47

Coe Mortimer Company's Fish Mixture D-9-3-0 9.00 2.47

Mortimer's Meal Mixture A-8-4-0 8.00 3.29

Coe Mortimer Company's Fish Mi.xture A-8-4-0 8.00 3.29

Coe Mortimer Company's 10-4-0 10.00 3.29

Coe Mortimer Company's 8-40 8.00 3.29

Coe Mortimer Comjiany's 6-4-0 6.00 3.29

Coe Mortimer Company's 10-5-0 10.00 4.11

The Bulletin 25

Available

Ph«n. Ariil

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Coe Mortimer Company's 8-5-0 8.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 8-7-0 8.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 7-8-0 7.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 5-10-0 5.00

Coe ^fortimcr Company's 10-1-1 10.00

Coe Mortimer Company's I0-'21 10.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 9-2-1 9.00

Coe ifortimer Company's 10-2 V2 -1 10.00

Coe ^Mortimer Company's 9-3-1 9.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 8-3-1 8.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 8-4-1 8.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 10-5-1 10.00

Coe Jlortimer Company's 7-5-1 7.00

Coe Mortimer Comi)any's 6-7-1 6.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 5-7-1 5.00

Coe Mortimer Company's 510-1 5.00

Coe Mortimer Company's Dissolved Bone 16.00

Coe Mortimer Company's Dissolved Bone 14.00

Xitrate of Soda 18 per cent

Dried Blood

\itropen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

4.11

5.76

6.58

. . . •

8.23

.82

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.06

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

3.29

1.00

4.11

1.00

4.11

1.00

5.76

1.00

5.76

1.00

8.23

1.00

14.83

13.16

....

COLUMBIA GUAXO COMPAXY,
Norfolk, V.\.

Available
Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Same of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Columbia High Grade 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 .... ....

Columbia 14 per cent Acid Phosphate 14.00 .... . . • ■

Columbia Dissolved Bone : 13.00 .... ....

Columbia Sickle Ammoniated Phosphate 12.00 1.65 ....

Columbia 12 and 6 Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Columbia 12 and 5 Bone and Potash Jlixture 12.00

Columbia 12 and 2 Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Columbia Acid Phosphate 12.00

Columbia Milestone Ammoniated Phosphate 11.00

Columbia 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture 11.00

Columbia 11 and 1 Bone and Potash Mi.xture 11.00

Columbia 10 1^^ and 1 1/2 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.50

Columbia Elmo Special Truck Compound 10.00

Columbia Ammonia Phosphate Mixture 10.00

Columbia Ore Meal Mixture 10.00

Columbia Orbit Fertilizer 10.00

Columbia Pick Ax Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

Columbia Duplex Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

Columbia Hazehvood Special 10.00

Columbia Old Glory Fertilizer 10.00

Columbia 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Columbia 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Columbia Bone and Potash Mixture for Grain 10.00

Columbia Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Columbia Congress Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00

Cohimbia Argo Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Columbia C. S. M. Special 9.00

Columbia Titanic Meal Mixture 9.00

Columbia Roanoke Ammoniated Guano 9.00

Columbia Carolina Soluble Guano 9.00

Columbia Grain Guano 9.00

Columbia Special 9-1-2- Guano 900

Columbia Saki 7 per cent Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

6.00

5.00

2.00

2.47

5.00

1.00

1.50

4.94

3.30

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.65

.82

3.00

.82

1.00

. . . .

5.00

. . . •

4.00

3.00

. . . .

2.00

2.47

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

1.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

5.76

• • < •

26 The BulletijST

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Columbia Azetec Sweet Potato Guano 8.00

Columbia Trumpet Truck Compound 8.00

Columbia Ambrosia Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

Columbia Tobacco King 8.00

Columbia Steamboat Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Columbia Hornpipe Truck Guano 8.00

Columbia Trojan Tobacco Guano 8.00

Columbia Pendulum Special Fertilizer 8.00

Columbia Roundup Guano 8.00

Columbia Aurora Fertilizer 8.00

Columbia Big Dipper Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

Columbia Picnic Tobacco Guano 8.00

Columbia Happy Thought Tobacco Guano 8.00

Columbia Yelverton Bros. Plant Food for Tobacco 8.00

Columbia Jubilee High Grade Guano 8.00

Columbia Special Sweet Potato Guano 8.00

Columbia Falcon Cotton Guano 8.00

Columbia Hyco Tobacco Guano 8.00

Columbia Tallyho Tobacco Guano 8.00

Columbia Zolo Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Columbia Optimo Fertilizer 8.00

Columbia Spruce Brand Meal Mixture 8.00

Columbia Bulldog Cotton Grower 8.00

Columbia Torpedo Tobacco Guano 8.00

Columbia Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Columbia Pathfinder Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Columbia Avolyn Cotton Guano 8.00

Columbia Fish, Phosphate and Potash 8.00

Columbia Special Wheat Fertilizer 8.00

Columbia Soluble Guano 8.00

Columbia Soluble for Tobacco 8.00

Columbia Spinola Peanut Grower 8.00

Columbia 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00

Columbia Special 7 per cent Truck Guano 7.00

Columbia Silver Bow Ammoniated Phosphate 7.00

Columbia Potato Manure 7.00

Columbia Potato Guano 7.00

Columbia Gray Goose Truck Grower 7.00

Columbia Pointer 5 per cent Potato Guano 7.00

Columbia 5 per cent Ammoniated Phosphate 7.00

Columbia Rapidan Special Formula 7.00

Columbia Bandanna Peanut Fertilizer 7.00

Columbia Special 10 per cent Truck Compound 6.00

Columbia 7 per cent Potato Grower 6.00

Columbia Ozark 7 per cent Truck Compound 6.00

Columbia Southland 7 per cent Potato Guano 6.00

Columbia 7 per cent Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

Columbia Irish Potato Grower 6.00

Columbia Shamrock Potato Guano 6.00

Columbia Magnet Truck Guano 6.00

Columbia Goblin Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

Columbia Early Sweet Potato Grower 6.00

Columbia Battery Ammoniated Pliosphate 6.00

Columbia 10 per cent Truck Guano 5.00

Columbia Cabbage Guano 5.00

Columbia Savoy 10 per cent Truck Compound 5.00

Columhiia Clipper Truck Grower 5.00

Cohimbia Ventura Potato Producer 5.00

Columbia Side Dresser 4.00

Columbia Fourteno Top Dresser 4.00

Columbia Special Top Dresser. . 4.00

yUrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

4.12

3.00

4.12

1.00

4.12

....

3.30

5.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

3.00

3.30

2.00

3.30

1.00

3.30

2.88

5.00

2.47

7.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.03

4.00

....

4.00

5.76

7.00

4.94

....

4.12

7.00

4.12

5.00

4.12

3.00

4.12

1.00

4.12

1.65

5.00

5.00

8.23

....

5.76

5.00

5.76

2.00

5.76

1.00

5.76

4.12

7.00

4.12

5.00

4.12

1.00

4.12

....

3.30

5.00

3.30

8.23

3.00

8.23

2.50

8.23

....

5.76

5.00

4.94

7.00

8.23

4.00

8.23

....

6.17

2.50

The Bulletin

27

Available

Pit OS. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Columbia Threenineo Top Dresser 3.00

Columbia Top Dresser

Columbia Pure Raw Bone Meal (Total) 21.50

Nitrate of Soda

Columbia Cotton Seed Meal

Columbia Outlook Truck Compound 6.00

Xitroffen
Per Cent

Po
Per

taxh
Cent

7.40

• • . >

7.40

3.00

3.70

....

15.21

....

6.17

....

5.76

3.00

CONESTEE CHEMICAL COMPANY,

Acme, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Conestee 4-10-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Conestee 3-9-0 Top Dresser 3.00

Conestee 12-4-0 Fertilizer 12.00

Conestee 12-4-0 Special Fertilizer 12.00

Conestee 12-3-0 Fertilizer 12.00

Conestee 12-3-0 Special Fertilizer 12.00

Conestee 12-2-0 Fertilizer 12.00

Conestee 12-2-0 Special Fertilizer 12.00

Conestee 10-4-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Conestee 10-4-0 Special Fertilizer 10.00

Conestee 10-3-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Conestee 10-3-0 Special Fertilizer 10.00

Conestee 10-2-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Conestee 10-2-0 Special Fertilizer 10.00

Conestee 9-4-0 Fertilizer 9.00

Conestee 9-4-0 Special Fertilizer 9.00

Conestee 9-3-0 Fertilizel- 9.00

Conestee 9-3-0 Special Fertilizer 9.00

Conestee 8-4-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Conestee 8-40 Special Fertilizer 8.00

Conestee 7-5-0 Fertilizer 7.00

Conestee 7-5-0-Special Fertilizer 7.00

Conestee 6-5-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Conestee 6-5-0 Special Fertilizer 6.00

Conestee 6-4-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Conestee 6-4-0 Special Fertilizer 6.00

16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Fish Scrap 4.00

Dried Ground Blood

Cotton Seed Meal

Nitrogen Potash
Per Cent Per Cent

8.25

7.40

3.30

3.30

2.47

2.47

1.65

1.65

3.30

3.30

2.47

2.47

1.65

1.65

3.30

3.30

2.47

2.47

3.30

3.30

4.12

4.12

4.12

4.12

3.30

3.30

20.56

14.81

8.22

11.51

6.17

CONTENTNEA GUANO COMPANY,
WiLsox. N. C.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Climax Special 800

Special Cotton Grower 9.00

Contentnea Tobacco Grower 8.00

Matchless Tobacco Grower 8.00

High Grade Tobacco Grower 8.00

High Grade 16 per cent Acid 16.00

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.30

....

2.47

....

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

15.25

28

The Bulletin

CO-OPERATIVE WAREHOUSE COMPAXY,

Salisbury, X. C.

Ai-ailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers

Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un
Un

12-4-4 Guano. .
12-2-4 Guano. ..
10-4-4 Guano. . .
10-3-3 Guano..
10-2-2 Guano. .
10-1%, -6 Guano.

12.00

12.00

10.00

10.00

10.00

10.00

10-l%-4 Guano 10.00

9-3-6 Guano 9.00

9-3-4 Guano •• 9.00

9-3-3 Guano 9.00

9-2%-2 Guano 9.00

9-214-4 Guano 9.00

9-2-3 Guano 9.00

9-1-3 Guano 9.00

9-1-2 Guano 9.00

9-2-1 Guano 9.00

9-2% -2 Tobacco Guano 9.00

9-3-2 Guano 9.00

12-3-1 Guano 12.00

11-2-1 Guano 11.00

10-1-1 Guano 10.00

on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on 8-21^-3 Tobacco Guano.

on 8-21^-2 Guano

on 8-214-2 Tobacco Guano..

on 8-2-10 Guano

8-2-5 Guano

Tobacco Guano. . .

Guano

Tobacco Guano. . .

Gunao

Tobacco Guano. . .

Guano

Guano

Guano

Guano

Guano

Guano

Guano

8-41/2-7 Guano

8-4i/i-7 Tobacco Guano.

8-4-6 Guano

8-4-6 Tobacco Guano. . .

8-4-4 Guano

8-4-2 Guano

8-3-10 Guano

8-3-7 Guano

8-3-7 Tobacco Guano.

8-3-6 Guano

8-3-6 Tobacco Guano. . .

Guano. ,

Tobacco

Guano.

Tobacco

Guano.

Guano.

Guano.

8-3-5
8-3-5
8-3-4
8-3-4
8-3-3

8-3-3 Tobacco Guano.

8-3-2 Guano

8-3-1 Guano

8-21/2-3 Guano

8-2-5
8-2-3
8-2-3
8-2-2
8-2-2
8-1-4
8-1-3
7-7-7
7-5-8
7-5-5
7-4-5
6-6-6

on 6-4-7 Guano.

8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
6.00

Xitroffen
Per Cent

3.29

1.65

3.29

2.47

1.65

1.03

1.03

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.26

1.85

1.65

.82

.82

1.65

2.26

2.47

2.47

1.65

.82

3.71

3.71

3.29

3.29

3.29

3.29

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.47

■ 2.47

2.47

2.47

2.06

2.06

2.06

2.06

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

.82

.82

5.76

4.12

4.12

3.29

4.94

3.29

Potash
Per Cent

4.00

4.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

6.00

4.00

6.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

4.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

2.00

2.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

7.00

7.00

6.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

10.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
6.00
5.00
5.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00

10.00
5.00
5.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
3.00
7.00
8.00
5.00
5.00
6.00
7.00

The Bulletin

29

Available
Phos. Acid Xitrnpen
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Farmers Union 4-4-6 Guano 4.00 3.29

Farmers Union 4-7i/i-2 Top Dresser 4.00 6.17

Farmers Union 0-9-3 Top Dresser 7.40

Farmers Union 10-4 Ammo. Comi)oun(l 10.00 3.29

Farmers Union 10-3 Ammo. Compound 10.00 2.47

Farmers Union 10-2 Ammo. Compound 10.00 1.65

Farmers Union 12-2 Ammo. Compound 12.00 . 1.6.5

Farmers Union 6-4 Ammo. Comjiound 6.00 3.29

Farmers Union 14-2 Bone and Pota.>-li 14.00

Farmers Union 14-1 Bone and Potasli 14.00

Farmers Union 12-6 Bone and Potash 12.00

Farmers Usion 12-5 Bone and Potash 12.00

■Farmers Union 12-4 Bone and Potash 12.00

Farmers Union 12-3 Bone and Potash 12.00

Farmers Union 12-2 Bone and Potas-h 12.00

Farmers Union 11-5 Bone and Potash 11.00

Farmers Union 11-2 Bone and Potash 11.00

Farmers Union 11-1 Bone and Potasli 11.00

Farmers Union lOVi-li/i Bone and Potash 10%

Farmers Union 10-6 Bone and Potash 10.00

Farmers Union 10-5 Bone and Potas-h 10.00

Farmers Union 10-4 Bone and Potash 10.00

Farmers Union 10-3 Bone and Potash 10.00

Farmers Union 10-2 Bone and Potash 10.00

Farmers Union 8-5 Bone and Potash 8.00

Farmers Union 8-4 Bone and Potash 8.00

Farmers Union 20-12 Bone and Potash 20.00

Farmers Union 20-8 Bone and Potash 20.00

Farmers Union 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Farmers Union 14 per cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

.Farmers Union 13 per cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Farmers Union 12 per cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

Farmers Union 24 per cent Acid Phosphate 24.00

Farmers Union 21.5-4.5 Bone Meal 21.5 3.70

Farmers Union 12 per cent Kainit

Farmers Union Nitrate of Soda 15.00

Farmers Union Muriate of Potasli

Farmers Union Sulphate of Potash

Farmers Union 10 per cent Fish Scrap 8.24

Farmers Union Thos. Phos. (Anchor Brand), 17 to 19 per

cent total.
Farmers Union Ground Phosphate Rock, 28 per cent total.

Farmers Union Tankage 2.00 8.24

Farmers Union Dried Blood 13.00

Farmers Union Dissolved Animal Bone 13.00 2.06

Farmers Union 1 V2 Cotton Seed Meal 6.17

Pota»h
Per Cent

6.00

2.00

3.00

2.00
1.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
5.00
2.00
1.00
IVa
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
5.00
4.00
12.00
8.00

12.00

48.00
48.00

COWETA FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Norfolk, \a.

A vailable

Phos. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Coweta Perfection Tobacco Grower 8.00

Seabird Standard Guano 8.00

Coweta Animal Bone, Revised 8.00

Coweta Standard Guano 8.00

Coweta Royal Guano 8.5

Coweta Success Guano 8.00

Coweta Mascot Tobacco Guano, Revised, 1917 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

3.29

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

30

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brarid Per Cent

Coweta Fish Guano, Revised 10.00

Coweta 14 and 2 Ammoniated Compound 14.00

Coweta 12 and 2 Ammoniated Compound 12.00

Coweta 10 and 2 Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Coweta 9 and 3 Ammoniated Compound 9.00

Coweta 9 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 9.00

Coweta 10 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Coweta 6 and 7 Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Coweta 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Coweta High Grade Acid Phospliate 14.00

Coweta Acid Phosphate 13.00

Coweta 8 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 8.00

Coweta 6 and 4 Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

2.47

3.29

3.29

5.76

3.29
3.29

Potash
Per Cent

1.00

CRAVEN CHEMICAL COMPANY,
New Bern, N. C.

Available

Phos. Aciil

Name of Brand Per Cent

CCC Grain Fertilizer 10.00

CCC Gem Guano 12.00

CCC Special 8-3-1 Guano 8.00

eCC Special Fertilizer No. 3 10.00

CCC Special No. 921 9.00

CCC Special Fertilizer No. 2 10.00

Elite Cotton Guano 8.00

CCC Tobacco Guano 8.00

CCC Dixie Guano 8.00

CCC Proficient C. S. M 9.00

CCC Special No. 832 8.00

CCC Truck Guano (Revised) 5.00

CCC Neu.'e Truck Guano, Revised 6.00

CCC Pantego Potato Guano (Revised) 7.00

CCC Red Wing Standard Tobacco (Revised) 9.00

CCC Special High Grade 10.00

CCC Duplin Tobacco (Revised) 8.00

CCC Gaston H. G. Pert. (Revised) 8.00

CCC C. E. Foy's H. G. Guano (Revised) 8.00

CCC Tobacco Special (Revised) 8.00

CCC Hanover Standard (Revised) 8.00

CCC Currituck Sweet Pot. Guano (Revised) 8.00

CCC Top Dresser D

CCC Top Dresser B 4.00

CCC Truck Guano 5-10-2 % 5.00

Prolix 9-2-3 Special Guano 9.00

Marvel Great Crop Grower 8.00

Halifax Guano 9.00

Duplin Tobacco Guano 8.00

Gaston High Grade Fertilizer ^.00

0. E. Foy's High Grade Guano 8.00

Dixon Special Tobacco 8.00

CCC Tobacco Special 8.00

CCC Special Fish and Meal 8.00

CCC Top Dresser C

CCO Peanut Grower 8.00

Selma Special Guano 9.00

Hanover Standard Guano 8.00

CCC Top Dresser A 4.00

Red Wing Standard Tobacco Guano 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

.82

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.47

2.00

8.23

2.00

4.94

2.00

4.11

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

3.29

2.00

4.94

2.00

7.40

2.00

6.17

2.50

8.23

2.50

1.65

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

7.40

3.00

.82

4.00

1.85

4.00

3.29

4.00

8.23

4.00

2.47

5.00

The Bulletin

31

Available

Plios. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Currituck Sweet Potato Guano 8.00

CCC Standard Tobacco Guano 8.00

Neuse Truck Grower 6.00

Japan Tobacco Guano 6.00

Pantego Potato Guano 7.00

Trent Bone and Potash 10.00

CCC Wheat Grower 8.00

Craven Grain Compound 10.00

Craven High Grade Bone and Potash 12.00

Herring Bone and Potash 12.00

Foy's High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Turkey Trot Bone and Potash 12.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 510 .5.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. Xo. 8.50 8.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 6-tO 6.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 840 8.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 9-10 9.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 104 '. . . . 10.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 930 9.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 103 10.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 102 10.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 122 12.00

CCC 12 per cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

CCC 13 per cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Jewell Acid Phosphate 14.00

Panama Acid Phosphate 16.00

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrate of Soda

Fish Scrap

CCC Pantego Potato Guano, Revised, No. 3 7.00

CCC Empire Guano 8.00

CCC Carolina Guano 8.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 660 6.00

CCC Special No. 834 8.00

CCC Hanover Standard, Revised, No. 3 8.00

CCC Fish Compound 9.00

CCC Ammoniated Comp. No. 7o0 7.00

Xilroffen
Per Cent

2.47

2.47

4.94

3.29

4.11

8.23
4.11
3.29
3.29
3.29
3.29
2.47
2.47
1.65
1.65

14.81
14.81
8.23
4.11
2.47
1.65
4.94
2.47
3.29
2.47
4.11

Potash
Per Cent

6.00

6.00

6.00

7.00

7.00

2.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

6.00

3.00
2.00
2.00

4.00
3.00

CENTRAL PHOSPHATE COMPANY,
Mount Pleas.\nt, Tenn.

Tennessee

Xame of Brand
Phosphate

Insoluhle

Phosphate Nitrogen

Per Cent Per Cent

... 29.%

Potash
Per Cent

DIXIE GUANO COMPANY, INC.,

Suffolk, V.\.

A vailable

Phos. Acid Nitrogen

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Dixie 10 per cent Top Dres.<^er (Revised) 5.00 8.23

Dixie 3 and 10 Guano 10.00 2.47

Dixie Fine Ground Bone Meal 22.00 2.47

Dixie Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

Nitrate of Soda 15.00

Ground Fish • 8.22

Dixie 4 and 8 Guano 8.00 3.29

Potash
Per Cent

32

The Bulletix

Available

Phds. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Dixie 2 and 10 Guano 10.00

Dixie Cotton Seed Meal Mixture 10.00

Dixie 7 per cent Potato Guano (Revised) 8.00

Animal Tankage 5.00

Dixie 7 and 5 Guano 5.00

Dixie Tobacco Guano 8.00

Ground Tobacco Steins

Sulpliate of Ammonia

Xitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

2.47

1.00

5.75

5.80

5.75

2.47

2.00

1.65

6.00

20.50

EASTERN COTTON OIL COMPANY,
Hertford, N. C.

A vailahJe

Phos. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Hertford Ti-uck Grower Substitute 6.00

Substitute for Nun-Such 6.00

Mat Whites Special for Corn and Cotton 8.00

Farmers Sen.sation for Tobacco 8.00

Rainproof Substitute 8.00

Half and Half Cotton Seed Meal and Acid Phosphate 9.00

\Vinslow"s Special 6.00

Acid Phsophate 16.00

Fish Scrap

Nitrate of Soda

Our Surprise 8.00

Fi sh Scrap ,

yifrogen
Per Cent

Po
Per

tash
Cent

5.77

1.00

4.12

1.00

3.29

1.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

.50

2.46

.75

3.29

8.90

15.67

....

4.12

8.20

. . . .

ETIWAN FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Charleston, S. C.

A vaihihie

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Etiwan 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Etiwan H. G. Acid Phosphate 14.00

Etiwan Dissolved Bone 13.00

Etiwan Acid Phos. with Potash 11.00

Etiwan Potash Bone 10.00

Etiwan Soluble Bone with Potash 10.00

XX Acid Phos. with Potash 10.00

Etiwan Blood and Bone Guano 9.00

Etiwan Superior Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Etiwan Special Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Etiwan Cotton Compound 8.00

Etiwan H. G. Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Etiwan Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Etiwan Special Potash Mixture 8.00

Etiwan Ammoniated Mixture 8.00

Etiwan Ammoniated Mixture 9.00

Etiwan Ammoniated Mixture 9.00

Etiwan Ammoniated Mixture 10.00

Etiwan Ammoniated Mixture 10.00

Plow Brand 16 per cent Acid Pliosphate 16.00

Plow Brand H. G. Acid Phosphate 14.00

Diamond Solubh' Bone 13.00

Plow Brand Acid Phos. with Potash 11.00

Diamond Soluble Bone with Potash. . .• 10.00

Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

2.06

1.00

3.30

6.00

3.30

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

2.00

4.00

4.00

3.00

4.00

3.00

4.00

1.0

0

2.00

2.06

1.0

0

The Bulletin

33

Available

Pho.s. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Plow Brand Superior Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

riow Brand Special Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Plow Brand Cotton Compound 8.00

Plow Brand H. G. Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Plow Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Plow Brand Special Potash Mixture 8.00

Plow Brand Ammoniated Mixture 8.00

Plow Brand Ammoniated Mi.xture 9.00

Plow Brand Ammoniated Mixture 9.00

Plow Brand Ammoniated Mixture 10.00

Plow Brand Ammoniated Mixture 10.00

Nitrate of Soda

Xitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.30

6.00

3.30

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

2.00
4.00

4.00

....

3.00

4.00

....

3.00

4.00

14.82

....

FARMERS' COTTON OIL COMPANY,
Wilson, N. C,

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Planter's Friend Guano 8.00

Crop King Guano 8.00

Farmer's Special Guano 8.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Bonum Acid Phosphate 14.00

Washington's Corn Mixture 10.00

Xtra Good Bone and Potash , 10.00

Whitle.v's Si>ecial (iuano 9.00

Dean's Special Guano 8.00

Regal Tobacco Guano 8.00

Newsome Tobacco Special 8.00

Graves' Cotton Grower Guano 8.00

Golden Gem Guano 8.00

Wilson High Grade Guano 8.00

Carolina Choice Guano 8.00

Perfect Top Dresser 2.00

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrate Special

Tonilinson's Nitrate Special

B. B. Special 8.00

Nitro Gem ". . . .-. .

Special Guano 8.00

F. C. O. Co.'s Cotton Seed Meal Mixture 8.00

Nit r 01/ en
Per Cent

Potaxh
Per Cent

3.30

2.00

2.88

2.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

5.00

2.00

3.30

4.00

3.50

7.00

2.88

5.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

3.30

1.00

3.30

.%

8.23

2.00

20.57

....

15.63

....

10.66

4.00

9.87

2.00

2.88

8.00

9.87

....

5.76

....

2.47

1.00

FARMER'S GUANO COMPANY,
Norfolk, Va., R.^leigh, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Farmer's Bull 12.00

14-1 Ammoniated Phosphate 14.00

12-2 Ammoniated Phosphate 12.00

10-4 Ammoniated Phosjjhate 10.00

10-2 Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

9-3 Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00

8-4 Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

8-3 Vi Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

7-4 Ammoniated Phosphate 7.00

3

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

.82

1.65

3.29

1.65

2.47

3.29

2.67

3.29

34 The Bulletin

AvaUaJ)le

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

6-5 Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

6-4 Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

5-5 Ammoniated Phosphate 5.00

4-6 Ammoniated Phosphate 4.00

Farmer's 9-3-1 Guano 9.00

Farmer's 10-4-1 Guano 10.00

Farmer's 8-3-1 Guano 8.00

Farmer's 6-5-1 Guano 6.00

Farmer's 8-3-2 Guauo 8.00

Farmer's Top Dresser 3.00

Parmer's 7-7-7 Trucker 7.00

Farmer's 6-7-5 Trucker 6.00

Farmer's Challenge 7.00

Farmer's Blood and Bone 8.00

Big Crop Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Money Point Guano 8.00

Farmer's Formula for Tobacco 8.00

Golden Grade Guano 8.00

Toco Tobacco Guano 8.00

State Standard Guano 8.00

Farmer's Peanut Guano 8.00

Parmer's Grain Grower 10.00

Farmer's 6-7-1 Trucker 6.00

Farmer's 8-5-1 Trucker 8.00

Century Bone and Potash 10.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphte 16.00

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00 . . . .

Farmer's Acid Phosphate 13.00 ....

Nitrate of Soda 15.65

Kanona Tankage 9.04

Ground Fish 8.22

Farmer's 3-10-0 Top Dresser 3.00 8.23

8-5 Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00 4.11

Farmer's 8-5-3 Guano 8.00 4.11

6-7 Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00 5.76

8-6 Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00 4.93

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Piilash
Per Cent

4.11

....

3.29

....

4.11

....

4.93

....

2.47

1.00

3.29

1.00

2.47

1.00

4.11

1.00

2.47

2.00

8.23

4.00

5.76

7.00

5.76

5.00

4.11

5.00

3.29

4.00

2.88

5.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.03

4.00

1.03

2.00

5.76

1.00

4.11

1.00

2.00

3.00

FARMVILLE OIL AND FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Farmville, N. C.

A vailable
Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

8-3-2 High Grade Tobacco Grower S.OO 2.47 2.00

8-3-2 Fish and Meal Special 8.00 2.47 2.00

8-4-2 Tobacco Special 8.00 3.30 2.00

8-3-3 Potash Special 8.00 2.47 3.00

8-4-1^ Special Formula for Cotton 8.00 3.30 .%

8-4-Vi Tobacco Guano 8.00 3.30 .%

8-3-1 Tobacco Grower 8.00 2.47 i.OO

8-3-1 Cotton Grower 8.00 2.47 1.00

8-4-1 Tobacco Grower 8.00 . 3.30 1.00

9-3-0 Cotton and Corn Guano 9.00 2.47 ....

9-3-1 Tobacco Grower 9.00 2.47 1.00

8-2-2 Tobacco Grower 8.00 1.65 2.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

9-2 % -2 Specific Cotton Grower 9.00 2.25 2.00

Nitrate of Soda 15.00

Ground Fish, 11 Per Cent 9.00

Ground Fish, 10 Per Cent 8.25 ....

Chamblee & Sons Special 8.00 2.25 2.00

The Bulletin 35

Available

Pit OS. Aciil

Name of Brand Per Cent

Turnage's Fish Scrap Special 8-3-2 8.00

Davis' Special Formula 8-4- y^ 8.00

Davis' Tobacco Grower 8-3-2 8.00

Xitrogen
Per Cent

Potaxh
Per Cent

2.47

2.00

3.30

■ Vi

2.47

2.00

GREENVILLE OIL AXD FERTILIZER COMPANY,
(Brunch of Farmville Oil and Fertilizer Company),

Greenville, N. C.

Available

Phoa. Acid Kitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

G. O. F. Cotton Seed Meal Special 8.00 2.47 2.00

8-4-1^ Greenville Cotton Grower 8.00 3.30 .50

8-4-y2 Greenville Tobacco Grower 8.00 3.30 .50

8-4-2 Greenville Tobacco Special 8.00 3.30 2.00

8-4-1 Special Formula for Tobacco 8.00 3.30 1.00

9-3-0 Special Formula for Cotton 9.00 2.47

9-2 % -2 Special Meal Mi.Kture 9.00 2.25 2.00

8-2-2 Carolina Standard 8.00 1.65 2.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 .... ....

Nitrate of Soda, 18 y2 Per Cent 15.00

Ground Fish, 11 Per Cent 9.00 ....

Ground Fish, 10 Per Cent 8.25

8-3-3 Special Formula for Tobacco 8.00 2.47 3.00

FEDERAL CHEMICAL COMPANY,

Columbia, Tenn.

Available

Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Tennessee Brown Phosphate Rock, 29% Per Cent (Total) .... ....

FREMONT OIL MILL COMPANY,

Feemokt, N. C. '

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

FOMCO C. S. M. Fertilizer 9.00

FOMCO Meal and Fish Fertilizer 8.00

FOMCO 8-3-1 Fertilizer 8.00

FOMCO 8-3-2 Fertilizer 8.00

FOMCO 8-3-3 Fertilizer 8.00

FOMCO 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

FOMCO Nitrate of Soda

FOMCO Fish Scrap

Nitrogen
Per Cent

P<.
Pel

ifnsh
■ Cent

3.70

.75

4.10

.50

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

3.00

14.82

'.'.'.'.

8.25

FOREIGN PRODL'CTS COMPANY, Inc.,

B.VLTIMORE, MD.

A vailable

Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

Fish Guano 8.22

Nitrate of Soda 15.00

Fish Scrap 8.22

36

The Bulletin

GEORGIA CHEMICAL WORKS,
Augusta, Ga.

(Handled in North Carolina by Union Guano Company, Winston-Salem, N. C.)

Name of Brand

Georgia Tobacco Special

Georgia Tobacco Special, Revised.

Availahle

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

8.00

8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

2A7

2.47

Potash
Per Cent
3.00
2.00

Grandy's
Grandy's
Grandy's

N. G. GRANDY & CO.,

Elizabeth City, N. C.

Ar-ailab!e

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

5-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

5-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

5-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Nitrogen
Percent

Potash
Per Cent

4.10

4.10

1.00

4.10

2.00

THE HAMPTON GUANO COMPANY,

NOEFOLK, Va.

(Subsidiary of the American Agricultural Chemical Company.)

A vailahle
Phos. Acid Nitrogen
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Hamilton Acid Phosphate 14.00 ....

Supreme Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

Dauntless Potash Mixture 10.00 ....

E.xtra Tobacco Guano 8.00 1.65

Alpha Crop Grower 8 % 2.06

P. P. P. Princess Prolific Producer 8.00 2.47

Hampton Tobacco Guano 8.00 2.47

Reliance Truck Guano 7.00 4.11

Virginia Truck Grower 6.00 5.76

Hamilton 10 Per Cent Truck Grower 5.00 8.23

Excelsior Bone and Potash 8.00 ....

Arlington Animal Bone Fertilizer 9.00 1.85

Little's Favorite Crop Grower 8.00 3.29

Hamilton 1-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00 .82

Hampton 1-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00 .82

Hampton 2-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00 1.65

Hampton 2-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00 1.65

Hampton 2-12-0 Fertilizer 12.00 1.65

Hampton 2-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00 1.65

Hampton 2-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00 1.65

Hamjiton Crop Grower 8.00 1.65

Hampton 2-9-2 Fertilizer 9.00 1.65

Hampton 2 V4 -9-1 Fertilizer 9.00 1.85

Arlington Animal Bone Special 9.00 1.85

Hampton 2% -10-1 Fertilizer 10.00 2.06

Hampton 3-9-0 Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Hampton 3-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00 2.47

Hamilton 3-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00 ' 2.47

Hampton Tobacco Special 8.00 2.47

Hampton 3-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Hampton 3-9-2 Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Hampton 3-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00 2.47

Hampton 4-60 Fertilizer 6.00 3.29

Potash
Per Cent

2.00
2.00
2%
3.00
3.00
5.00
5.00
3.00
4.00
4.00
4.00

1.00

1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00

1.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
2.00

The Bulletin

Available

PhoM. Arid

Name of lirund Per Cent

Hampton 4-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Hamptou 4-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Hampton 4-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Hampton 4-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Hampton 5-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Hampton 5-7-0 Fertilizer 7.00

Hampton 5-7-1 Fertilizer . 7.00

Hampton 7-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Hampton 5-7-2 Fertilizer 7.00

Hampton 7-6-2 Fertilizer 6.00

Hampton 7-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Hampton 7-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Hampton 7-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Hampton 7-6-1 Fertilizer 6.00

Hampton 10-5-0 Fertilizer 5.00

Hampton 10-5-1 Fertilizer 5.00

Hamilton 10-5-2 Fertilizer 5.00

Hampton 9-3-0 Top Dresser 3.00

Hampton 9-4-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Hampton 10-5-0 Top Dresser 5.00

Hampton 10-5-1 Top Di'esser 5.00

Hampton 10-4-2 Top Dresser 4.00

Nitrate of Soda

37

Xitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.29

3.29

1.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

4.11

....

4.11

^.11

1.00

5.76

• . . .

4.11

2.00

5.76

2.00

5.76

....

5.76

1.00

5.76

2.00

5.76

1.00

8.23

....

8.23

1.00

8.23

2.00

7.41

....

7.41

....

8.23

8.23

1.00

8.23

2.00

15.00

....

MARION HARPER COTTON OIL COMPANY,
East Point, Ga.

Name of Brand
Cotton Seed Meal

A vailable

Phds. Arid

Per Cent

2.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

6.18

Potash
Per Cent

11/2

I

Manufactured for S. B. Harrell & Co., Norfolk, Va.. by the I

POCOMOKE GUANO COMPANY,
Norfolk, Va.

Available
Phos. Arid Nifroaen Potaxh
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Harrell's Acid Phosphate 14.00 .... ....

Harrell's Eclipse 9.00 2.26 2.00

W. S. HARRISS AND COMPAXY,

Wilson, N. C.

Available

Phos. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Harris' H. G. 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Harris' Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Harris' Meal Mixture 9.00

Harris' Co-Operator Guano 8.00

Harris' Big Yield Guano 8.00

Harris' Ampho Guano ' 6.00

Harris' Panama Soda Mixture 9.00

Harris' Special Guano 9.00

Harris' Complete Guano , 8.00

Harris' Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Nitrogen

Po

fash

Per Cent

Per

Cent

1.65

2.26

2.00

2.47

2.00

3.30

....

3.30

2.47

....

2.47

....

3.30

1.00

2.47

3.00

38

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Harris' Cotton Seed Meal

Harris' Golden Weed Guano 8.00

Harris' Standard Guano 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

6.17

....

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

HOME FERTILIZER AND CHEMICAL COMPANY,

Baltimore, Md.

Available

Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Home Dissolved Animal Bone 12.00 1.65 ....

Riosa Tobacco Compound 8.00 2.48 3.00

Cerealite Top Dressing 7.43 3.00

Home Fertilizer 5.77 7.00

Home Ammoniated Mixture 9.00 2.06 1.00

Home Eclipse Mixture 9.00 2.48 ....

Yancey's Formula 8.00 2.48 2.00

THE HUBBARD FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Baltimore, Md.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Hubbard's All Crop Grower 9.00

Hubbard's 4-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Hubbard's 4-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Hubbard's Ammoniated Fertilizer 10.00

Hubbard's 3-9-0 Fertilizer 9.00

Hubbard's Yellow Wrapper 8.00

Hubbard's Yellow Wrapper, Revised 8.00

Hubbard's 3-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Hubbard's 2-9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

Hubbard's Exchange Guano 8.00

Hubbard's 16 Per Cent Phosphate 16.00

Hubbard's 5-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Hubbard's 5-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Hubbard's 5-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Hubbard's 9-0-3 Top Dresser Fertilizer

Hubbard's 9-3-0 Top Dresser Fertilizer 3.00

Hubbard's 9-5-0 Top Dresser Fertilizer 5.00

Hubbard's 9-5-1 Top Dresser Fertilizer 5.00

Hubbard's 4-6-1 Fertilizer 6.00

Hubbard's 14 Per Cent Phosphate 14.00

Hubbard's Truck Fertilizer 6.00

Hubbard's 3-4-3 Fertilizer 4.00

Hubbard's New Process Top Dresser, Revised 3.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.05

2.00

3.28

• • > >

3.28

....

2.46

• • • •

2.46

....

2.46

3.00

2.46

2.00

2.46

1.00

1.64

2.00

1.64

2.00

4.10

4.10

1.00

4.10

2.00

7.38

3.00

7.38

7.38

7.38

1.00

3.28

1.00

4.10

2.46

3.00

7.38

1.00

Hubbard's
Hubbard's
Huljbard's
Hubbard's

M. P. HUBBARD COMPANY, Inc.,

Baltimore, Md.

A railablc

Phos. Acid Nitrogen

Name of Brand ' Per Cent Per Cent

Dissolved Phosphate 1 6.00 ....

Ground Fi.sh 8.25

Giant Compound , 10.00 2.47

Nitrate of Soda 14.85

Pi,la.sli
Per Ccvl

The BuLLETiisr

39

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Hubbard's Animal, Fish, and Ammonia Compound 8.00

Hubbard's Big Crop Comi)Ound 8.00

Hulibard's Everyl)ody's Formula 9.00

Hubbard's Fisb Mixture 8.00

Hubbard's Great Harvest 10.00

Hubbard's Havana Special 8.00

Hubbard's Acme Guano 12.00

Hubbard's Special Grower 10.00

Hubbard's Maryland Sjiecial 7.00

Hubbard's Royal Excelsior 8.00

Hubbard's Favorite Guano 12.00'

Hubbard's Soluble Phosphate 14.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

2.00

3.30

• . • >

2.47

....

4.10

1.65

....

2.47

1.00

1.65

> . . ■

3.30

....

4.10

2.00

1.00

2.00

2.47

• > • •

Imi)erial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imjierial
Im))erial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Imperial
Im]ierial
Imperial
Imperial

THE IMPERIAL COMPANY,
Norfolk, Va.

A vailahle

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

1-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

1-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00

Standard Premiiim Guano 8.00

2-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

2-12-0 Fertilizer 12.00

2-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

2-9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

2-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

2-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00

Tobacco Guano 8.00

Crop Grower 8.00

2% -9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

2 % -9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

2%-10-l Fertilizer 10.00

Martin County Special Crop Grower 9.00

3-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

3-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

3-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

3-9-0 Fertilizer 9.00

X-L-0 Crop Grower 8.00

Cubanola Tobacco Guano * 8.00

4-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

4-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

4-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

4-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

4-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

5-7-1 Fertilizer 7.00

5-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

7-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

7-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

7-6-1 Fertilizer 6.00

9-3-0 Top Dresser 3.00

9-4-0 Top Dresser 4.00

10-5-0 Fertilizer 5.00

10-5-1 Fertilizer 5.00

10-5-0 Top Dresser 5.00

10-5-1 Top Dresser 5.00

Cisco Soluble Guano 8.00

Snowflake Special 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

.82

....

.82

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

....

1.65

....

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.85

2.00

1.85

1.00

2.06

1.00

2.26

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

....

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

....

• 3.29

3.29

3.29

2.00

4.11

1.00

4.11

....

5.76

....

5.76

5.76

1.00

7.41

7.41

....

8.23

8.23

1.00

8.23

8.23

1.00

1.65

2.00

3.29

3.00

40

The Bulletin'

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of lirand Per Cent

Imperial Yellow Bark Sweet Potato Guano 8.00

Imperial 3-8-3 Fertilizer 8.00

Imperial Catawba Wheat Grower 10.00

Imperial Dry Ground Fish

Imperial 1-10-2 Fertilizer 10.00

Imperial 5-8-3 Fertilizer 8.00

Imperial 4-6-1 Fertilizer 6.00

Imperial Nitrate of Soda

Imperial 4-9-0 Fertilizer 9.00

Imperial 5-7-0 Fertiliser 7.00

Imperial 5-9-0 Fertilizer 9.00

Imperial 7-6-2 Fertilizer 6.00

\itrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

4.00

8.23

10.00

.82

2.00

4.11

3.00

3.29

1.00

15.00

3.29

....

4.11

....

4.11

....

5.76

2.00

INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL CORPORATION,
Atlanta, Ga., and Spaktanbukg, S. C.

Xame of Brand

O. H. Fertilizer

O. H. Fertilizer

O. H. Fertilizer

O. H. Fertilizer

O. H. Fertilizer

O. H. Fertilizer

Ammoniated
Ammoniated
Ammoniated
Ammoniated
Ammoniated
Ammoniated
Ammoniated
Ammoniated
International

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

. . . 10.00

. . . 10.00

9.00

9.00

8.00

9.00

Compound 12.00

Compound 12.00

Compound 11.00

Compound 10.00

Compound 10.00

Compound

Compound

Compound

Bone and

International Bone and

9.00
8.00
8.00
11.00
10.00
18.00

Potash

Potash

High Grade Dissolved Bone

High Grade Acid Phosphate ._ 16.00

Acid Phosphate ' 14.00

Nitrate of Soda

Nitroaen
Per Cent

1.65

2.06

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

2.47

1.65

.82

2.47

1.65

2.47

4.12

3.29

Potash
Per Cent

14.81

00
00
00
00
00
00

00
00

Name of Brand
Cotton Seed Meal

KERSHAW OIL MILL,

Kershaw, S. C.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.50

6.18

1.00

LAKELAND PHOSPHATE COMPANY,
Lakeland, Fla.

Name of Brand

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potaxh
Per Cent

"Natursown" Pulverized Raw Phosphate Total Phos. Acid, 32 Per Cent

The Bulletin

41

LANIER BROTHERS,
Nashville, Tenx.

Jersey Brand Cotton Seed Meal 7^4 Per Cent Ammonia

Canary Brand High Grade Cotton Seed Meal 8 Per Cent Ammonia

LENOIR OIL AND ICE COMPANY,

KiNSTON, N. C.

Available
Phos. Acid
Per Cent

Name of Brand

Acid Phosphate and Cotton Seed Meal Mixture 9.00

L. O. and I. Co.'s Acid Phosphate 16.00

Nitrogen

Per Gent

2.88

Potash
Per Cent

1.00

LISTERS AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL WORKS,

Newark, N. J.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Buyer's Choice Acid Phosphate 14.00

High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

Crescent Animoniated Superphosphate, 1916 10.00

Excelsior Guano, 1916 10.00

Superior Animoniated Superphosphate, 1916 10.00

Atlas Brand Fertilizer, 1916 8.00

Standard Pure Superphosphate of Lime, 1916 9.00

Animoniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate, 1916 8.00

Complete Manure, 1916 • 8.00

Special Tobacco Fertilizer, 1916 8.00

Carolina Bright for Tobacco, 1916 9.00

Harvest Queen Phosphate, 1916 8.00

Nit)
Per

•ogen
■ Cent

1.65
2.47
3.29
4.11

Po
Per

fash
Cent

1.65

1.00

2.06

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.06

2.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

2.00

McCABE FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Charleston, S. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

McCabe's Perfection 8.00

McCabe's Special No. 4 8.00

McCabe's Special No. 5 8.00

McCabe's Special No. 3 8.00

McCabe's Special No. 6 12.00

McCabe's Special No. J 10.00

McCabe's Acid Phosphate 16.00

McCabe's Special No. 8 7.00

McCabe's Special No. 9 6.00

McCabe's Special No. 10 8.00

McCabe's Special No. 11 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

3.29

....

1.65

....

3.29

. . . .

6.59

1.00

3.29

....

1.65

2.00

2.47

1.00

THE MacMURPHY COMPANY,
Charleston, S. C.

Name of Brand
High Grade Acid Phosphate, 16 Per
High Grade Acid Phosphate, 14 Per

Cent.
Cent .

Available
Phos. Acid

Per Cent
. . . 16.00
. . . 14.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

42 The Bulletijst

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipulated Guano 9.00

Special 8-3-1 Guano 8.00

Special 8-4-1 Guano 8.00

Special 8-4-0 Guano 8.00

Special 8-2-2 Guano 8.00

Special 8-3-2 Guano 8.00

Special 8-3-3 Guano 8.00

Special 8-4-2 Guano 8.00

Special 8-4-3 Guano 8.00

Special 9-2-2 Guano 9.00

Special 9-2-3 Guano 9.00

Special 9-3-1 Guano 9.00

Special 9-3-2 Guano 9.00

Special 9-3-3 Guano 9.00

Special 9-3-0 Guano 9.00

Special 9-5-0 Guano 9.00

Special 9-5-1 Guano 9.00

Special 10-4-0 Guano 10.00

Special 10-6-0 Guano 10.00

Special 10-6-1 Guano 10.00

Special 4-6-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Special 4-7 %-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Special 4-7 V2 -01 Top Dresser 4.00

Special 6-10-0 Top Dresser 6.00

Nitrate of Soda

Special 6-4-0 6.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Pot(inh
Per Cent

2.26

1.00

2.47

1.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

1.65

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

3.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

3.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

> • . •

4.12

4.12

1.00

3.29

4.92

4.92

1.00

4.92

6.17

6.17

1.00

8.23

• . ■ •

14.81

....

3.29

MARIETTA FERTILI.ZER COMPANY,
Greensboro, Chicago, and Wilmington.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Sui)erphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Ammoniated Su])erphosphate 11.00

Fertilizer No. 1121 11.00

Ammoniated Superi)hosphate 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Marietta Truck Guano 10.00

Ammoniated Super]>hosphate 10.00

Marietta Ammoniated Bone 10.00

Ammoniated Superi)hosphate 10.00

Langford's Special 10.00

McNAIR PHOSPHATE COMPANY,

Laukinburg, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

6-4 Ammoniated Guano 6.00 3.28

8-4 Ammoniated Guano 8.00 3.28

Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

Acid Phosphate 14.00 ....

9-3 Ammoniated Guano 9.00 2.46

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Po
Pe)

fash
Cent

3.30

....

2.47

1.65

■ > • •

.82

3.30

....

2.47

....

1.65

1.00

1.65

■ . > >

.82

....

3.30

4.00

3.30

2.47

3.00

2.47

1.65

4.00

The Bulletikt

43

A railablp

Phos. Arid

Name of Bratid Per Cent

Marietta Special Formula 10.00

Royal Seal Guano 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1021 10.00

Grain Special 10.00

Amnioniated Superi)hosphate 10.00

Special Mixture 10.00

Marietta Si)ecial Ground 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1011 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1011, for Grain 10.00

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 9.00

:Marietta Blood and Bone 9. 00

Phosi)hate and Potash 12,00

Pliosphate and Potash 11.00

Bone and Potash 10.00

Potash Mixture ■ 10.00

Potash Special 10.00

Phosphate and Potash 10.00

Phosphate and Potash 9. 00

Golden Grain Grower 8.00

Extra High Grade Acid Phosphate 17.00

High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Acid Phosphate 13.00

Acid Phosphate 12.00

Kainit

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

10 Per Cent Tankage • ■ • •

Bone Meal (Total) 24.00

Raw Bone Meal (Total) 22.00

Cotton Seed Meal

Sulphate of Ammonia

Marietta Fertilizer No. 932 9.00

Fertilizer No. 931 900

Ammoniated Superphosphate 9.00

Fertilizer No. 92 Vz 5 9.00

Fertilizer No. 92 1^ 3 900

Fertilizer No. 92 1^^ 1 9.00

Fertilizer No. 92 % 4 9.00

Marietta Blood. Bone and Potash Special 9.00

Fertilizer No. 921 for Grain 9.00

Fertilizer No. 921 9.00

Marietta Blood and Bone Special 9.00

Marietta Beef Blood and Bone 9.00

Blood, Bone and Potash 8.00

Fertilizer No. 855 8.00

Marietta Fertilizer No. 852 8.00

Fertilizer No. 845 8.00

Fertilizer No. 844 8.00

Fertilizer No. 841 8.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Marietta Fertilizer No. 837 8.00

Fertilizer No. 836 8.00

Fertilizer No. 835 8.00

Fertilizer No. 833 8.00

Pride of Piedmont 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.03
82
82
82
62
41
20
30
47

Potanh
Per Cent

3.00

2.00

1.00

6.00
3.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00

3.00
2.00
1.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
4.00

14.81
13.16
8.23
2.47
3.70
6.18
20.56
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.05
2.05
2.05
1.85
1.65
1.65
1.65
.82
.82
4.11
4.11
4.11
3.30
3.30
3.30
3.30
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47

12.00
50.00
50.00

2.00
1.00

5.00
3.00
1.00
4.00
3.00
1.00
1.00
3.00
2.00
7.00
5.00
2.00
5.00
4.00
1.00

7.00
6.00
5.00
3.00
3.00

44

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Arid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Pride of Piedmont for Tobacco 8.00

Fertilizer No. 831 for Grain 8.00

Fertilizer No. 831 8.00

Best for Tobacco 8.00

Farmer's Choice 8.00

Farmer's Choice for Tobacco 8.00

Fertilizer No. 825 8.00

Fertilizer No. 823 8.00

Solid South 8.00

Solid South Tobacco Guano 8.00

Solid South for Grain 8.00

Fertilizer No. 813 8.00

Fertilizer No. 758 7-00

Fertilizer No. 755 7.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 7.00

Fertilizer No. 672 6.00

7 Per Cent Trucker 6.00

5 Per Cent Trucker 6.00

Fertilizer No. 637 6.00

Marietta Top Dresser 4.00

Fertilizer No. 445 4.00

Marietta Top Dresser .' 3.00

Marietta Top Dresser

Marietta Top Dresser •

Marietta Fertilizer Company's 15-2 15.00

Marietta 13 and 4 13.00

Marietta Potash 'Acid 12.00

Marietta Phosphate and Potash 12.00

Fertilizer No. 832 8.00

Ammoniated Superphosi)hate 6.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

3.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

3.00

4.11

8.00

4.11

5.00

4.11

....

5.76

2.00

5.76

5.00

4.11

7.00

2.47

7.00

6.18

2.50

3.30

5.00

8.23

5.00

7.81

4.00

7.40

3.00

• > ■ ■

2.00

• > • •

4.00

■ • • ■

6.00

. . . •

4.00

2.47

2.00

3.30

■ ■ . •

MAYBANK FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Ch.xrleston, S. C.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Ma.vbank Fish Guano • 8.00

Maybank Fish Guano 8.00

Maybank Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Maybank Ammoniated Superphosphate 9.00

Maybank Early Opener 5.00

Maybank Early Opener 4.00

16 per cent Maybank H. G. Dissolved Bone 16.00

14 per cent Maybank Acid Phosphate 14.00

Nitrate of Soda 18.00

Dried Fish Scrap 2.50

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

2.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

2.47

8.23

6.17

14.83

4.94

E. H. & J. A. MEADOWS COMPANY,
New Bern, N. C.

Name of Brand

A railable
Phos. Acid
Per Cent

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Meadows Cotton Guano 10.00 2.00

Meadows Cotton Guano 12.00 2.00

Potash
Per Cent

The Bulletin

45

A vailahle

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Meadows Gold Leaf Tobacco Guano Special 9.00

Meadows Ideal Tobacco Guano Special 8.00

Meadows Labos Guano Special 8.00

Meadows Great Potato Guano Special 7.00

Meadows Great Cabbage Guano ' 7.00

Meadows Sea Bird Guano Special 8.00

Diamond Acid Phosphate 16.00

Meadows Gold Leaf Tobacco Guano 8.00

Meadows Ideal Tobacco Guano 8.00

Meadows Great Potato Guano 7.00

Meadows Special Guano 8.00

Meadows Special Cabbage Guano 7.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.00

4.00

5.00

5.00

7.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

4.00

2.00

5.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

7.00

2.00

THE MILLER FERTILIZER COMPANY,

B.^LTIMORE, MD.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 8.00

Miller's Special Fertilizer 8.00

Miller's Best 8.00

Miller's Acme 9.00

Miller's Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00

Miller's Ammoniated Bone Phosphate 8.00

Miller's Favorite 6.00

Miller's Hustler 10.00

Farmers Profit 8.00

Miller's Tobacco Special 8.00

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Miller's Unexcelled 10.00

Quickstep 9.00

R's Special 8.00

Miller's Special Top Dressing 4.00

The Miller Fertilizer Co.'s 10-4 per cent 10.00

Clinch 10.00

Miller's Standard 8.00

Ground Bone B. P. L. 30.00

Miller's No. 1 Hustler 10.00

Miller's Special 3 per cent 8.00

Tobacco King 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

2.00

3.30

1.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

3.30

....

3.30

....

3.30

....

1.65

2.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

• • • •

4.12

1.00

3.30

2.00

8.24

....

....

4.00

....

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

....

4.12

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

MALONEY & CARTER CO.,

Charle.ston, S. C.

A vailahle

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Acid Phosphate 14.00

High Grade Tankage 3.00

Dry Ground Blood

Nitrate of Soda

Blood

High Grade Tankage •. 2.75

Dry Ground Blood

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cc)

t

8.22

13.16

14.80

13.58

8.16

14.08

46

The Bulletin"

NEW BERN COTTON OIL COMPANY AND FERTILIZER MILLS,

New Bekx, N. C.

Available
Plios. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Eureka Top Dresser 8.28 3.00

High Grade Fish Scrap 8.25 ....

Sulphate of Potash 50.00

Muriate of Potasli .... 48.00

Genuine German Kainit .... 12.00

Thomas Pho.^phate 18.00 .... ....

Ground Blood 13.20 ....

Special Cotton Seed Meal Mixture 8.00 2.47 3.00

Bone Meal 16.00 2.47 ....

Green County Tobacco B'ertilizer 9.00 2.47 5.00

Cotton Seed Meal 5.77 ....

Ground Tankage 9.00 ....

Hart's Special Tobacco Grower 6.00 2.47 6.00

Sparrow's Special Tobacco Grower 9.00 2.47 3.00

Nancy Hall Sweet Potato Guano 7.00 2.88 10.00

Special Truck Grower 7.00 4.12 5.00

Special Tobacco Grower 8.00 2.47 2.00

Special Meal and Fish Guano 8.00 2.47 2.00

Excelsior Tobacco Grower _. 8.00 3.30 2.00

Special Corn and Cotton Grower 10.00 1.65 ....

16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

14 per cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Special Corn and Peanut Grower 11.00 .... 2.00

High Grade Bone and Potash 10.00 .... 4.00

Carteret Bone and Potash 10.00 .... 2.00

Oriole Tobacco Grower 8.00 3.30 4.00

Harvey's Special Meal and Fish Guano 8.00 2.47 3.00

Foy's High Grade Fertilizer 8.00 2.47 3.00

Lenoir Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00 2.47 ' 3.00

Pitts Prolific Golden Tobacco Guano 8.00 2.47 3.00

Favorite Cotton Grower 8.00 2.27 2.00

Onslow Farmers' Reliance Guano 8.00 2.06 3.00

Jones County Premium Crop Grower 8.00 2.06 3.00

Craven Cotton Guano 8.00 1.65 2.00

Green County Standard Fertilizer 8.00 1.65 2.00

Dunn's Standard Truck Grower 7.00 5.77 7.00

Ive's Irish Potato Guano 7.00 4.12 7.00

Eureka Tobacco Fertilizer 6.00 3.30 7.00

Pamlico Electric Top Dresser 5.00 8.25 2.50

Wooten's Special Tobacco Guano 4.00 3.30 6.00

Sulphate of Ammonia 20.62 ....

Nitrate of Soda 15.67 ....

Superb Tobacco Guano (C. S. M.) 8.00 2.47 2.00

Special Truck Grower 7.00 4.12 1.00

Banner Truck Guano 5.00 8.25 ....

Neuse Tobacco Grower 8.00 2.47 1.00

Standard Crop Grower 8.00 3.30 ....

McCotter's Irish Potato Guano 8.00 4.95 .50

Superb Tobacco Grower 8.00 2.47 2.00

Onslow Crop Grower 9.00 2.47 ....

Famous Cotton Grower 9.00 2.47 .50

Exum's Meal and Fish Guano 10.00 3.30 ....

Acid Phosphate and C S. M. Fertilizer 9.00 2.47 1.00

Ive's Irish Potato Guano Special 7.00 4.12 3.00

Faucette's Choice Tobacco Grower 4.00 3.30 3.00

McCotter's Special Truck Grower 8.00 4.12 ....

The Bl'lletin

47

NITUATK AGENCIES COMPANY,

NURFOLK, VA.

Available

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

Xitrogen

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

N. A. C. Brand Nitrate of Soda 15.00

N. A. C. Brand Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

N. A. C. Brand Ground Dried Blood 13.16

N. A. C. Brand Ground High Grade Animal Tankage 6.99

N. A. C. Brand Ground H. G. Animal Tanka?e 7.40

X. A. C. Brand Ground H. G. Animal Tankage 8.22

N. A. C. Brand Ground H. G. Animal Tankage 6.68

N. A. C. Brand Ground Dried Fish 8.25

N. A. C. Brand Peruvian Guano 6.00 9.00

N. A. C. Brand Ground Animal Tankage 8.00

Pot
Per

ash
Cent

1.00

NORFOLK FERTILIZING COMPANY, INC.,
Norfolk, Va.

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Oriana 14 per cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Oriana 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Oriana 1-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

Oriana 1-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00

Oriana 2-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Oriana 2-12-0 Fertilizer 12.00

Oriana 2-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

Oriana 2-9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

Oriana 2-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

Oriana 2-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00

Oriana Crop Grower 8.00

Oriana Tobacco Guano 8.00

Oriana 2 Vi -9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

Oriana 2% -9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

Oriana 2^2-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00

Oriana 2% -9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

Oriana 3-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Oriana 3-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

Oriana 3-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Oriana 3-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Oriana 4-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Oriana 4-60 Fertilizer 6.00

Oriana 4-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Oriana 4-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Oriana 4-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Oriana 5-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Oriana 5-7-1 Fertilizer 7.00

Oriana 7-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Oriana 7-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Oriana 7-6-1 Fertilizer : 6.00

Oriana 9-3-0 Top Dresser 3.00

Oriana 9-4-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Oriana 10-5-0 Fertilizer 5.00

Oriana 10-5-1 Fertilizer 5.00

Oriana 10-5-0 Top Dresser 5.00

Oriana 10-5-1 Top Dresser 5.00

Oriana 3-9-0 Fertilizer 900

Oriana 3-9-2 Fertilizer 900

Oriana Nitrate of Soda

Norfolk Dry Ground Fish

Oriana 5-7-0 Fertilizer 7.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

.82

....

.82

1.00

1.65

....

1.65

....

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.85

2.00

1.85

1.00

2.06

1.00

2.26

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

....

2.47

2.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

....

3.29

....

3.29

3.29

2.00

4.11

....

4.11

1.00

5.76

5.76

5.76

1.00

7.41

7.41

8.23

....

8.23

1.00

8.23

8.23

1.00

2.47

....

2.47

2.00

15.00

....

8.23

4.11

48 The Bulletins

norfolk tallow company,

Norfolk, Va.

Available

Phos. Acid yitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Notako Pure Ground Bone 22.00 2.06

Notalco Pure Raw Bone Meal 22.00 3.70

Notalco Pure Ground Tankage 8.00 5.75 ....

THE NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS UNION,
Statesville, N. C.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

N. C. Farmers Union 12-21 Guano 12.00

N. C. Farmers Union 11-21 Guano 11.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-4-4 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-4-2 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-4-1 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-3-3 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-3-2 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-3-1 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-2-2 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-2-2 Tobacco Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-2-1 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-1-1 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-1-1 Tobacco Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 10-1 Vt -6 Guano 10.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-3-6 Tobacco Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-4-2 Tobacco Guano 9. 00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-3-3 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-3-2 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-3-2 Tobacco Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-3-1 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-2 % -2 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-2% -2 Tobacco Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-214-4 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-2 V4 -2 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-214-2 Tobacco Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-2-3 Guano 9.00

N. 0. Farmers Union 9-2-2 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-2-1 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-2-1 Tobacco Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-1-3 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 9-1-2 Guano 9.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-5-1 Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-4-6 Tobacco Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-4-2 Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-4-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-4-1 Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-4-4 Guano •. . 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-3-5 Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-3-5 Tobacco Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-3-3 Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-3-3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-3-2 Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-3-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-3-1 Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-3-1 Tobacco Guano S.OO

N. C. Farmers Union 8-2%-7 Tolmcco Guano ."^ 00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-2»^-3 Guano 8.00

N. C. Farmers Union 8-2V2-3 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

1.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

.82

1.00

.82

1.00

1.03-

6.00

2.47

6.00

3.29

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

1.85

4.00

1.85

2.00

1.85

2.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

4.11

1.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.26

7.00

2.06

3.00

2 06

3 00

The Bulletin

49

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

N.

c.

N.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

N.

c.

X.

c.

X.

c.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Farmers Union 8-2 V2 -2 Guano 8.00

Farmers Union 8-21/4-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Farmers Union 8-2-10 Guano 8.00

Farmers Union 8-2-3 Guano 8.00

Farmers Union 8-2-2 Guano 8.00

Farmers Union 8-2-2 Tobacco Guano 8.00

Farmers Union 8-1-4 Guano 8.00

Farmers Union 8-1-3 Guano 8.00

Farmers Union 7-5-8 Guano 7.00

Farmers Union 7-5-2 Guano 7.00

Farmers Union 7-4-5 Guano 7.00

Farmers Union 7-3-2 Guano 7.00

Farmers Union 7-3-2 Tobacco Guano 7.00

Farmers Union 6-5-1 Guano 6.00

Farmers Union 6-4-1 Guano 6.00

Farmers Union 5-7-3 Guano 5.00

Farmers Union 5-7-2 Guano 5.00

Farmers Union 5-4-2 Guano 5.00

Farmers Union 0-9-3 Top Dresser

Farmers Union 4-7 V2-2 Top Dresser 4.00

Farmers Union 2-10-2 Top Dresser 2.00

Farmers Union 12-4-0 Superphosphate 12.00

Farmers Union 12-3-0 Superphosphate 12.00

Farmers Union 12-2-0 Superphosphate 12.00

Farmers Union 11-3-0 Superphosphate 11.00

Farmers Union 11-1-0 Superphosphate 11.00

Farmers Union 10-5-0 Superphosphate 10.00

Farmers Union 10-4-0 Superphosphate 10.00

Farmers Union 10-3-0 Superphosphate 10.00

Farmers Union 10-2-0 Superphospliate 10.00

Farmers Union 9-3-0 Superphosphate 9.00

Farmers Union 8-6-0 Superphosphate 8.00

Farmers Union 8-5-0 Superphosphate 8.00

Farmers Union 8-4-0 Superphosphate 8.00

Farmers Union 6-4-0 Superphosphate 6.00

Farmers Union 5-7-0 Superphosphate 5.00

Farmers Union 12-6 Bone and Potash..- 12.00

Farmers Union 12-5 Bone and Potash 12.00

Farmers Union 12-4 Bone and Potash 12.00

Farmers Union 12-3 Bone and Potash 12.00

Farmers Union 12-2 Bone and Potash 12.00

Farmers Union 10-6 Bone and Potash 10.00

Farmers Union 10-5 Bone and Potash 10.00

Farmers Union 10-4 Bone and Potash 10.00

Farmers Union 10-3 Bone and Potasli 10.00

Farmers Union 10-2 Bone and Potash 10.00

Farmers Union 8-5 Bone and Potash 8.00

Farmers Union 8-4 Bone and Potash 8.00

Farmers Union Concentrated Acid Phosphate 24.00

Farmers Union 16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Farmers Union 14 per cent Acid Pliosphate 14.00

Farmers Union 13 per cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Farmers Union 12 per cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

Farmers Union Pure Raw Bone Meal (Total) 20.60

Farmers Union Nitrate of Soda

Farmers Union Fish Scrap

Farmers Union Cotton Seed Meal

Farmers Union Basic Slag (Total P. A.) 17.00

Farmers Union Dried Blood

Farmers Union Tankage

Farmers Union Agricultural Ground Limestone

4

Nitrogen Potash
Per Cent Per Cent

2.06

2.00

2.06

2.00

1.65 10.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

.82

4.00

.82

3.00

4.11

8.00

4.11

2.00

3.29

5.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

4.11

1.00

3.29

1.00

5.76

3.00

5.76

2.00

3.29

2.00

7.40

3.00

6.17

2.00

8.23

2.00

3.29

2.47

1.65

2.47

.82

4.11

■ 3.29

, ,

2.47

1.65

. .

2.47

4.94

4.11

3.29

3.29

5.76

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
5.00
4.00

3.70

14.81

8.23

6.17

50

The Bulletin"

Navassa
Navassa
Navassa
Navassa
Navassa
Navassa

Navassa
Navassa
Navassa
Navassa

NAVASSA GUANO COMPANY,

Wilmington, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

ifame of Brand Per Cent

17 per cent Acid Phosphate 17.00

16 per cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Dissolved Bone 13.00

Acid Phosphate 12.00

Wheat Belt Special 12.00

Navassa Special Grain Mixture 12.00

Navassa Gray Land Mixture 12.00

Johnston County Bone and Potash 10.00

Navassa Wheat and Grass Grower 10.00

Dissolved Bone with Potash 10.00

Wheat Mixture 10.00

Dissolved Bone with Potash 10.00

Piedmont Wheat Grower 10.00

Navassa Dissolved Bone with Potash 10.00

Maxim Guano 10.00

Corona Guano 10.00

Navassa Fish Guano 9.00

Robeson County Special (C. S. M.) 9.00

John's Fish Guano. 8.00

Navassa Manipulated Guano 9.00

Navassa Special Wheat Mixture 12.00

Navassa Creole Guano 6.00

Navassa Special for Tobacco 6,00

Navassa High Grade Top Dresser 4.00

Navassa Top Dresser 4.00

Navassa Quick Results Top Dresser 4.00

Navassa Special Top Dresser 2.00

Navassa Big Lick Top Dresser

Thomas Phosphate 17.00

Pure Raw Bone

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Blood

Fish Scrap

High Grade Tankage

Cotton Seed Meal

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Genuine German Kainit

Navassa Big Boll Special (C. S. M.)

Osceola Guano

Cape Fear Meal Mixture

Harvest Queen Fertilizer

Navassa Complete Fertilizer

Long's Wheat and Grain Guano

Navassa Dissolved Bone with Potash

Farmer's Mixture C. S. M

Navassa Universal Fertilizer

Enterprise Strawberry Grower

Navassa Special Meal Fertilizer

Coree Tobacco Guano

Navassa High Grade Fertilizer

Navassa Special Truck Guano

Navassa Carib Guano

Navassa Complete Tobacco Mixture

Navassa Standard Tobacco Guano

Navassa Blood and Meal Mixture

Maultsby's Tobacco Guaiio

.00
.00
.00
.00
00
00
00

8%

8Vi
8,

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

T. P

2.47
1.65
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.26

4.11
3.29
7.81
6.17
4.94
5.76
7.40
.A.

3.71

20.56

14.81

13.16

9.05

8.23

6.17

2.26
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
.82

1.85
2.06
3.29
3.29
3.29
3.29
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47

Potash
Per Cent

6.00
5.00
4.00
5.00
4.00
4.00
2.25
2.00
2.00
6.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
7.00
7.00
4.00
2.50
2.50
2.50
3.00

48.00

48.00

12.00

2.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

3.00

4.00

4.00

1.00

11.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

10.00

10.00

7.00

5.00

5.00

The Bulletin-

si

A railahle

Phn.i. Arid

Name of Bra/id Per Cent

Navassa Big Cotton Grower C. S. JI 8.00

Orton Guano 8.00

Xavafsa Hisli Grade Guano 8.00

Clarendon Tobac'co Guano 8.00

Navas.sa Standard Meal Guano 8.00

Navassa Carolina Tobacco Grower 8.00

Xavassa Cotton Seed Meal Special 3 per cent Guano 8.00

NavaFsa Strawberry Top Dressing 8.00

Sullivan's Tobacco Special 8.00

Mogul Guano 8.00

Maultsby's Meal Mixture 8.00

Navassa Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Ammoniated Soluble Navassa Guano 8.00

Brook's Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Navassa Fruit Growers Fertilizer 8.00

Harvest King Guano 8.00

Clark's Special Cotton Seed Meal Guano 8.00

Navassa Grain Fertilizer 8.00

Navassa Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Navassa Cotton Seed Meal Guano 8.00

Occoneechee Tobacco Guano 8.00

Navassa Lettuce Grower Fertilizer 7.00

Maultsby's Tobacco Special 7.00

Navassa Root Croop Fertilizer 7.00

Navassa Premium Meal Guano 7.00

Navassa Standard Top Dresiser r 4.00

Navassa Wheat Fertilizer 9.00

Navassa No-Potash Guano 10.00

Navassa Wheat Belt Guano 10.00

Navassa No-Potash Wheat Fertilizer 11.00

Navassa High Grade Ammo. Superphosphate 12.00

Navassa Standard Ammo. Superphosphate 12.00

Navassa Ammoniated Sui^erphosphate 12.00

Navassa High Grade Ammo. Superphosphate 10.00

Navassa Standard Ammo. Superphosphate 10.00

Navassa Ammo. Superphosphate 10.00

Navassa Standard Ammo. Superphosphate 9.00

Navassa High Grade Ammo. Suijerphosphate. 8.00

Navassa Crown Guano 4.00

Navassa Champion Top Dresser

Navassa Manijuilated Guano, Revised 9.00

Navassa C. S. M. Special Guano, Revised 8.00

Navassa Special Meal Fertilizer, Revised 8.00

Coree Tobacco Guano, Revised 8.00

Clarendon Tobacco Guano, Revised ' 8.00

Navassa Root Crop Fertilizer, Revised 7.00

Navassa High Grade Ammo. Super])hosphate 14.00

Navassa Special Truck Guano. Revised 8.00

Navassa High Grade Ammo. Superphosphate 7.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superi)hosphate 11.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosphate 4.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosphate 4.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosphate 4.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosi>hate 5.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosphate 4.00

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

Ground Phosphate Rock 28.00 '

Navassa Ammoniated Superphosphate 3.00

Wright's King Tobacco Special 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potiisli
Per Cent

2.47

4.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

4.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

2.06

2.00

2.06

IV2

1.6.5

6.00

1.6.->

3.00

1.6.)

3.00

1.6.3

2.00

1.6.5

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

5.76

7.00

4.11

10.00

4.11

7.00

3.29

5.00

8.23

3.00

.82

2.00

1.65

.82

1.00

.82

. . , -

2.47

1.65

.82

3.29

2.47

1.65

2.47

3.29

3.29

4.00

7.40

2.00

2.26

1.00

2.47

1.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

2.00

2.47

2.00

4.11

2.00

4.11

....

3.23

2.00

4.94

. . •

3.29

.82

6.17

4.11

6.58

8.23

. . .

9.05

4.94

8.23

.P.A. . . .

7.40

1.85

2Vi

52

The Bulletin

A vailahlp
Xame of Brand Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Navassa Peanut Special . 2.00

Carr's Fish Ammo. Superphosphate 5.00

Navassa Dissolved Bone with Potash 12.00

Navassa Dissolved Bone with Potash 11.00

Farmer's Mixture, Revised, C. S. M 8 %

Navassa High Grade Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Navassa High Grade Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

7.40

1.00

4.11

2.00
1.00

1.85

3.00

4.94

....

4.11

. . . .

Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck
Old Buck

OLD BUCK GUANO COMPANY, Inc.,
Richmond, Ya.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Red Sultan Corn and Tobacco 9.00

Saxon Corn and Tobacco 8.00

Warsaw Guano 8.00

Bonnie Best Tobacco 8.00

High Prize Tobacco 8.00

Western Grain Guano 8.00

Double Potash Guano 8.00

Tuck-a-ho Cotton 8.00

Corn Guano 10.00

Hanover Cotton Guano 10.00

Iron Man Guano 10.00

Minorca Guano 9.00

Clarke's Wheat Formula 9.00

Peanut Special 9.00

Advancer Tobacco 9.00

Mount Koster Cotton Guano 9.00

Clifton Cotton Guano 9.00

Quincy Tobacco and Garden 8.00

Guide Post Cotton Guano 8.00

Wortham's Tobacco 8.0Q,

Dundee Tobacco 8.00

Romancoke Guano 8.00

Polly Anna Guano 10.00

Chester Guano 9.00

Test Farm Tobacco 8.00

Special Grain 7.00

Savoy Guano 10.00

Grain and Grass 10.00

MacNye's Wheat Formula 8.00

Harvest Boy 9.00

Deep Run Corn and Wheat 8.00

James River Peanut and Corn 9.00

Blue Rock Guano 8.00

Dunlop's Tobacco 8.00

Tobacco Special 8.00

English Tobacco, Potato and Truck 10.00

Florida, General Trucker 8.00

State Fair Potato 8.00

Better Than Bone 9.00

C. P. Trucker 8.00

Triple Best Guano 8.00

Long I.«land Cabbage, Potato, Onion 8.00

Soulhside Trucker 7.00

Carolina Berry and Truck 7.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.05

2.00

2.05

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

5.00

2.05

2.50

1.65

4.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

3.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

1.00

2.26

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

2.00

.82

1.00

.82

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

1.02

4.00

1.00

3.00

3.30

1.00

3.30

2.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

6.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

8.00

3.71

3.00

4.11

5.00

4.11

7.00

4.94

6.00

4.94

5.00

5.76

10.00

The Bulletin

53

00
00
00
00
00
00
00

Available
Phus. Acid Xitrngen Potaah
Name oj Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Old Buck Water Soluble Top Dresser 4.00 8.23 2.00

Old Buck Top Dresser 4.00 8.23

Old Buck Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00 1.65

Old Buck Nitrosren and Acid Phos 10.00 2.47

Old Buck Hartford Bone and Potash 10.00

Old Buck German 10 and 4 Jlixture 10.00

Old Buck Phospho-Alkali 10.00

Old Buck Bristol Alkaline Bone 12.00

Old Buck Gray's Mixture 14.00

Old Buck Hiffh Phosphate and Potash. 12.00

Old Buck Elko 10.00

Old Buck 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Old Buck 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Old Buck 13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Old Buck 12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

Old Buck Nitrate of Soda 1.5.22

Old Buck Ground Raw Bone 21.50 3.70

Old Buck Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00 1.65

Old Buck Double Ammonia 10.00 3.30

Old Buck 4 Per Cent Compound 8.00 3.30

Old Buck 5 Per Cent Manure 8.00 4.11

Old Buck Saxon Tobacco 8.00 1.65 2

Old Buck Formula 29 for Tobacco 9.00 2.47 3

Old Buck 6-4-0 Mixture 6.00 3.30

Old Buck Nine Three 9.00 2.47

Old Buck Fish Scrap 4.00 8.22

Old Buck Cotton Seed Meal 6.15

00
00

G. OBER & SONS CO.,

Baltimore, Md.

Availahip

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Ober's High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

Oiler's Dissolved Bone Phosphate 14.00

Ober's Dissolved Animal Bone 10.00

Ober's Superior Truck and Potato Compound 7.00

Ober's Golden Seal Tobacco Guano 8.00

Ober's Fruit and Vine Truck Guano 7.00

Ober's Royal Crown Tobacco Guano 8.00

Ober's Spear Head Tobacco Guano 8.00

Ober's Standard Fish Guano 10.00

Ober's Red Indian Tobacco Guano 10.00

Ober's Gem Ammoniated Phos])hate 11.00

Ober's Climax Ammoniated Compound 12.00

Cooper's Pungo Guano for All Crops 8.00

Ober's Special Cotton Compound 8.00

Ober's Cotton States Guano 10.00

Ober's Special Tobacco Bed Fertilizer 4.00

Ober's Ideal Vegetable Compound 8.00

Ober's Fish Bone Mi.xture 9.00

Ober's Sun Beam Guano 10.00

Ober's Farmer's Mixture 9.00

Ober's Standard Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Pure Raw Bone Meal 21.00

Ober's Red King Guano 8.00

Ober's Peerless Top Dresser

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

• ■ • ■

4.12

3.00

2.47

1.00

4.12

1.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.65

....

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

8.25

....

3.30

2.47

• . . .

1.65

....

.82

2.00

1.65

2.00

3.71

2.47

1.00

8.25

1.00

54 The Bulletin

PAMLICO CHEMICAL COMPANY, Inc.,
Washington, N. C.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

yame of Brand Per Cent

Pamlico Royal Tobacco Guano 8.00

Pamlico Prosperity Tobacco Guano 8.00

Pamlico Perfection Tobacco Guano 8.00

Pamlico Bone and Fish Guano 8.00

Pamlico Meal Mixture 9.00

Pamlico Crop Delight Guano 8.00

Pamlico Surety Crop Grower 8.00

Pamlico Profuse Crop Grower 10.00

Old North State Guano 9.00

Pamlico Fish Compound 6.00

Pamlico Acid Fish Mi.xture 8.00

Pamlico Cotton Producer 10.00

Pamlico Rank Guano 9.00

Pamlico Cabbage Guano 5.00

Pamlico Potato Guano 7.00

Pamlico Tip Top Potato Guano 8.00

Pamlico Ammoniated Truck Guano 7.00

Cowell's Special Potato Guano 7.00

Pamlico Ground Fish

Pamlico Cotton Seed Meal

Pamlico Nitrate of Soda

Pamlico High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

Bull's Eye Tobacco Guano 8.00

Tobacco Grower's Friend Guano 8.00

Pamlico Fish Mixture for Tobacco 8.00

Pamlico Fish Mixture for Cotton 8.00

Pamlico Blood Mixture for Tobacco 8.00

Pamlico High Grade Tobacco Grower 8.00

Pamlico Sweet Potato Guano 8.00

Quick Grower Guano 8.00

Rust Proof Cotton Guano 8.00

Martin County Peanut Guano 10.00

Pamlico Favorite Potato Guano 7.00

Pamlico High Grade Truck Guano 7.00

Pamlico Special Irish Potato Guano 7.00

Early Sweet Potato Guano 8.00

Pamlico Special Sweet Potato Guano 8.00

Coweirs Great Cabbage Grower 5.00

Pamlico Quick Step Top Dresser

Pamlico Cereal Top Dresser

Pamlico Nitro Top Dresser 4.00

Pamlico Essential Wheat Maker 10.00

Pamlico Grain Producer 9.00

Pamlico Wheat Grower's Friend 9.00

Pamlico Half and Half Guano 8.00

Blue's Special Truck Guano 6.00

Pamlico 10-20 Guano 10.00

Pamlico Irish Cobbler Guano , 7.00

Pamlico 9-2 % -1 Guano 9.00

Pamlico Bone and Fish Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Pamlico Trucker's Sjiecial Guano 8.00

Pamlico Acid Meal Mixture 8.00

Pamlico Early Truck Guano 7.00

Pamlico Special Mixture 6.00

Pamlico 8-4-3 Guano 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.30

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

• 2.00

2.26

2.00

3.30

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

1.00

3.30

3.30

....

3.30

2.47

. . • •

8.22

4.12

2.00

4.12

5.76

....

4.12

3.00

8.22

....

6.17

....

15.22

3.30

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.23

4.00

4.12

5.00

4.12

5.00

4.12

7.00

2.47

10.00

2.47

5.00

8.22

2.50

8.22

4.00

7.41

3.00

8.22

1.65

1.00

.82

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.88

.75

4.12

2.00

1.65

4.12

1.00

2.26

1.00

1.65

2.00

5.76

....

2.88

.75

4.94

3.30

2.00

3.30

3.00

The Bulletin

A. F. CRINGLE,

Charlkston, S. C.

Available
Phos. Arid
Xame of Bratul Per Cent

Tankage

Cnstor Beau Meal

Acid Phosphate 16.00

B. P. L. Nitrogen

AQ.QQ 4.94

4.00 5.76

PHOSPHATE MINING COMPANY,

S.WANNAH, Ga.

Name of Brand

A vailablc

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

•Superfine" Acid Phosphate 16.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Gent

PHILLIPS FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Washington, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Cotton and Corn Guano ' 10.00

High Grade Tobacco Guano 3-8-2

3-8-1 Guano for All Crops

Phillips'
Phillil.s'
Phillips'
Hustler
Phillips' Truck Guano for All Vegetables.

Phillips' Double Quick Side Dresser

Cotton Seed Meal, IVz Per Cent Ammonia

Cyanamid, 18 Per Cent Ammonia

Fish Scrap

Fish Scrap

Nitrate of Soda

Animal Tankage

8.00
8.00
6.00
4.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

2.47
2.47
2.47
3.29
8.23
6.17

14.81
9.87
8.23

15.22
9.05

Potash
Per Cent

00
00
00

PINE LEVEL OIL MILL COMPANY,

Pine Level,. N. C.

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Oliver's Truck Grower Guano No. 2 8.00

Pine Level High Grade Guano No. 3 8.00

Pine Level Prolific Guano 9.00

Argo Guano 6.00

M'inston's Special Guano 8.00

Panacea Guano 8.00

Oasis Guano 900

Nonpareil Guano 6.00

Sand Hill Special Guano 7.00

Pine Level 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cet

t

3.30

1.00

2.47

.60

2.26

2.00

3.30

.50

3.30

3.30

2.47

3.30

4.11

14.88

56

The Bulletin

PEARSALL & CO.,
Wilmington, N. C.

Availab!e

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Pearsall's Two-Step Guano 8.00

Pearsall's Useme.Guano 8.00

Pearsall's High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

Pearsall's FFPG Guano 8.00

Pearsall's Bone, Meal and Fish Guano 8.00

Pearsall's Animal Tankage Mixture 6.00

Pearsall's Farmside Special Guano 9.00

Pearsall's Ten Two Mixture 10.00

Pearsall's Ten Four Mixture 10.00

Pearsall's High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Pearsall's 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Pearsall's Nitrate of Soda

Pearsall's Bone Meal 20.00

Pearsall's Pish Scrap 5.00

Braswell's Potash Guano 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Po
Per

tnsh
Cent

1.65

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

1.00

3.30

3.30

2.47

1.65

3.30

14.85

3.30

8.22

2.47

5.00

PIEDMONT MOUNT AIRY GUANO COMPANY,

B.\LTIMORE, Md.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Piedmont Fish Guano 10.00

Piedmont Special for Cotton, Corn and Peanuts 10.00

Piedmont Special Fertilizer 8.00

Piedmont Challenge Fertilizer 8.00

Piedmont Special Potato Guano 8.00

10 Per Cent Fish Guano

Piedmont 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Piedmont Cultivator Brand 10.00

Piedmont High Grade Amnioniated 10.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

1.65

3.29

4.12

5.76

8.23

1.65

2.47

PLANTER'S FERTILIZER AND PHOSPHATE COMPANY,
Charleston, S. C.

Ar'ailable
Phos. Acid Nitrogen
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Planter's Special Mixture 8.00 3.29

Special Mixture 9.00 2.47

Special Mi.xture 10.00 1.65

Special Mixture 10.00 2.47

Special Mi.vture 1100 1.65

Special Mi.xture 12.00 1.65

Special Mixture 9.00 1.65

Special Mixture • 8.00 2.47

Special Mixture 4.00 6.18

Special Mi.xture 8.00 1.65

Special Mixture 8.00 2.47

Special Mixture 10.00 1.65

Soluble Guano 8.00 2.47

Special Mixture 8.00 .825

H. G. Top Dresser 4.00 6.18

Acid Phosphate 16.00

Planter's H. G. Acid Phosphate 14.00

Soluble Guano 13.00

Nitrate of Soda 14.83

Potash
Per Cent

2.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
2.50

The Bulletin"

57

POCAHONTAS GUANO COMPANY, Inc.,
Lynchburg, Va.

Available

Phox. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Pocahontas SjieciBl Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Fanner's Favorite, Apex Brand 8.00

Yellow Tobacco Special 9.00

Standard Tobacco Guano, Old Chief Brand 9.00

Carrinston Banner Brand Guano : 8.00

1916 A-1 Brand Indian Head Fertilizer 9.00

1916 A-2 Brand Indian Head Fertilizer 8.00

1916 A-3 Brand Indian Head Fertilizer 9.00

1916 A-9 Brand Indian Head Fertilizer 8.00

1916 A-5 Brand Indian Head Fertilizer 10.00

1916 A-6 Brand Indian Head Fertilizer 12.00

1916 A-7 Brand Indian Head Fertilizer 10.00

Pure Raw Bone Meal 20.59

Dissolved S. C. Phosphate Rock 14.00

Carrine;ton's S. C. Phosi)hate Waukesha Brand 16.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

■ 2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

1.65

2.47

3.70

....

PLANTER'S COTTON OIL AND FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Rocky Mount, N. C,

A vailable

Phos. Acid Nitroffen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Acid Phosphate 16.00 .... ....

Genuine German Kaiuit .... 12.00

J. P. D. Special 8.00 3.29 5.00

Gorham's High Grade 8.00 3.29 4.00

Tar River Special 8.00 2.47 3.00

Planter's C. S. Oil Co.'s Tobacco Guano 8.00 2.47 3.00

Planter's C. S. Oil Co.'s Cotton Guano 8.00 1.65 2.00

Planter's Peanut Mi.xture 8.00 1.21 5.00

Planter's Special Potato Guano 7.00 4.12 5.00

E. L. D. Special 7.00 2.47 3.00

Braswell's Special for Tobacco 7.00 2.26 3.50

Planter's Top Dresser ., 3.50 7.82 3.00

Ground Fish Scrap 8.00 ....

Muriate of Potash .... 50.00

Sulphate of Potash 48.00

Planter's Pride for Cotton 8.00 1.65 2.00

Braswell's Excelsior 7.00 3.29 6.00

Royal Cotton Grower 9.00 2.26 2.00

Brake's Corn Special 8.00 1.65 7.00

Robertson's Tobacco Mixture 8.00 2.47 5.00

Nitrate of Soda 15.00 ....

Thome's Cotton King 8.00 3.29 • 4.00

9-4 Top Dresser 7.40 4.00

Meal and Fish Mixture No. 1 9.00 4.12

Meal and Fish Mixture No. 2 8.00 3.29

Meal and Fish Mixture No. 3 . 9.00 .247 ....

Name of Brand
Patapsi-o Vegetable Grower, 1916
Patapsco Tobacco Fertilizer, 1916

PATAI

'SCO GUANO COMPANY,

B.\LTIMOKE, MD.

Available

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1916. .

7 00

4.11
2.47

1 00

1916..

9.00

2.00

58 The Bulletix

Araihib^e
Phos. Acid Xitrngeii Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Patapsco 9-3-1 Fertilizer, 1916 9.00 2.47 1.00

Patapsco Guano 9.25 2.06 2.00

Patapsco Bright Tobacco Grower, 1916 9.00 1.65 2.00

Patapsco Gold Leaf Cotton Seed Meal Mixture, 1916 9.00 2.26 2.00

Patapsco General Crop Producer 9.00 1.65 1.00

Patapsco High Grade Tobacco Special, 1916 8.00 2.47 2.00

Choctaw Guano, 1916 8.00 2.47 1.00

Planter's Favorite 8.00 1.65 2.00

Sea Gull Ammoniated Guano 8.00 1.65 2.00

Coon Brand Guano, 1916 10.00 .*»''. 1.00

Chippewa Guano 8.00 2.47 3.00

Possum Brand Guano, 1917 11.00 .82

Patapsco Golden Opportunity Mi.xture 10.00 3.29

Patapsco 8-4-0 Fertilizer 8.00 3.29

Patapsco 9-3-0 Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Old North State Mixture 6.00 3.29

Patapsco Golden Crop Fertilizer ; 10.00 1.65

Florida Soluble Phosphate 16.00 ....

Patapsco Pure Dissolved S. C. Phosphate 14.00 ....

Battle Ax Phosphate 12.00 ....

Patapsco Trucker for Early Vegetables. 7.00

Unicorn Guano 8.00

Grange Mixture, 1917 8.00

Baltimore Soluble Phosphate 11.00

Patapsco Pure Raw Bone (Total) 21.51

Nitrate of Soda

Dry Ground Fish (Total) 6.00

4.11

5.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

2.00

2.00

3.70

....

15.00

> < . *

8.23

PERUVIAN GUANO CORPORATION,

Charleston, S. C.

A vailablc
Phds. Acid Xitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Peruvian's Truck Formula 7.00 6.58 5.00

Peruvian's Tobacco Mi.xture . 7.00 4,11 5.00

Peruvian's Tobacco Special 8.00 1.65 4.00

Peruvian's 824 Mi.xture 8.00 1.65 4.00

Sea Island Peruvian Mixture 9.00 2.47 3.00

Lobos Peruvian Mixture 8.00 2.47 3.00

Peruvian's Corn Special 8.00 1.65 3.00

Excelsior Peruvian Formula 8.00 .82 3.00

Peruvian':

Peruvian'

Peruvian'

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

Standard

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peruvian

s Special Tobacco Mixture 7.00 4.11 3.00

s Acid Phosphate Mixture 10.00 .... 2.00

s Kotton King 9.00 1.74 2.00

s High Grade Potash Mi.xture 7.00 4.11 2.00

s Special Tobaccco Producer 9.00 3.29 2,00

s Bumper Crop Grower 8,00 2.47 2.00

s Cotton Producer 8.00 1.65 2.00

Peruvian Mixture 8.00 1,65 2,00

s Acid Potash Mixture 12.00 .... 1.00

s 931 Mixture 9.00 2.47 1.00

s 921 Mixture 9.00 1.65 1.00

s Corn and Cotton Special 8.00 3,29 1.00

s Standard Mixture 8.00 2,47 1,00

s Vegetable Grower 7,00 6,58 1,00

s H, G, Top Dresser No, 2 5,00 6,99 1,00

s Ammoniated Suiicrpliosphute 12,00 1,65 ....

s H, (J, Ammoniated Su]i(>riihoKiihate 12,00 2,47 ....

Peruvian's Standard Ammoniated Svi|H'riilios|ihate 11,00 2.47

The Bulletin 59

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Peruvian's Special Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Peruvian's Bellastas Ammoniated Superphosphate....; 10.00

Peruvian's Excelsior Ammoniated Sui)erphosphate 9.00

Peruvian Compound (Total A. P.) 13.00

Genuine Peruvian Guano 11.00

Peruvian's 852 Mixture 8.00

Peruvian Comi)Ound Xo. 2 6.00

Peruvian Potato Formula 7.00

Peruvian 860 Mixture 8.00

Peruvian's High Grade Top Dresser 8.00

Peruvian's 650 Mixture 6.00

Peruvian's Special Top Dresser 4.00

Peruvian's Ultra Top Dresser 5.00

Peruvian's 750 Mixture 7.00

Peruvian's Acid Phosphate 14.00

Peruvian's H. G. Acid Phosphate 16.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

• • • •

1.65

• • • •

2.47

• ■ ■ •

4.64

2.00

10.28

2.25

4.11

2.00

5.15

2.50

4.11

2.00

4.94

• . • .

6.99

4.11

6.17

8.23

4.11

POWHATAN CHEMICAL COMPANY,

Richmond, V.^.

Available

Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Magic Truck Special 7.00 4.11 1.00

Powhatan Tobacco Special 900 3.29 1.00

North State Tobacco Special 8.00 3.29 1.00

North State Cotton Special 8.00 3.29 1.00

Special Fertilizer 900 2.47 1.00

Hustler Tobacco Special 8.00 2.47 1.00

Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 2.47 2.00

Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 2.47 2.00

P. C. Co.'s Special Fertilizer 8.00 2.47 1.00

White Leaf Tobacco Special 9.00 2.06 1.00

King Cotton Special 900 2.06 1.00

Magic Tobacco Special 9.00 1.65 1.00

Magic Mi.xture 9.00 1.65 1.00

Magic Tobacco Grower 8.00 1.65 2.00

Magic Cotton Grower 8.00 1.65 2.00

Magic Cotton Special 900 1.65 1.00

Powhatan Corn Special 12.00 1.00 1.00

Magic Corn Grower 10.00 .82 1.00

Magic Crop Grower 10.00 .82 1.00

Magic Ammoniated Phosphate 10-4-0 10.00 3.29

Magic Ammoniated Phosphate 9-4-0 9.00 3.29

Magic Ammoniated Phosphate 10-3-0 10.00 2.47

Magic Ammoniated Phosi.hate 10-2^^-0 10.00 2.06

Magic Ammoniated Phosphate 12-2-0 12.00 1.6

Magic Ammoniated Phosphate 91/2-21/2-0 9.50

Hustler Guano 9.00 2.47

North State Guano 8.00 3.29

Magic Guano 10.00 1.65

Powhatan Corn Guano 12. 00 1.00

Magic Crop Guano 11.00 .8-

Magic Dissolved Bone Phosphate 16.00 ....

High Grade Acid Phosphate I'l.OO

Powhatan Acid Phosphate 13.00 ....

Virginia Dissolved Bone 12.00 ....

Nitrate of Soda 14.80

Sulphate of Ammonia 19. 7o

Powhatan Top Dresser .' 4.00 8.23 4.00

2.06

60

The Bulletin

Ai'ailttble

Phos. Acid Nitrogen
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Magic Top Dresser 4.00 6.17

Powhatan Trucker 7.00 4.94

King Trucker 8.00 4.11

Tomlinson's Best Fertilizer 8.00 3.70

Copeland's Magic Fertilizer 8.00 3.29

Copeland's Special Fertilizer 6.00 3.29

Powhatan Special Fertilizer 8.00 3.29

North State Special 8.00 3.29

Tomlinson's Favorite Fertilizer 8.00 2.88

Copeland's Best Fertilizer 7.00 2.88

Tomlinson's Magic Fertilizer 8.00 2.47

Tomlinson's Special Fertilizer 8.00 2.47

Austin's Special Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Guilford's Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Magic Fertilizer . . 8.00 2.47

P. C. Co.'s Hustler 8.00 2.47

P. C. Co.'s Hustler Tobacco Guano 8.00 2.47

Railing's Special Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Johnson's Special Fertilizer 8.00 2.47

Economic Cotton Grower 9.00 2.26

Johnson's Best Fertilizer 9.00 2.06

Holt's Magic Fertilizer 9.00 2.06

White Leaf Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 2.06

King Brand Fertilizer 8.00 2.06

Union Magic Fertilizer 9.00 1.85

Powhatan Peanut Fertilizer 8.00 1.65

North Carolina Favorite 9.00 1.65

Magic Special Fertilizer 8.00 1.65

Powhatan Special Fertilizer 9.00 1.65

Allen's Special Tobacco Fertilizer 6.00 1.65

Magic Wheat Grower 9.00 .82

Magic Corn Special Fertilizer 12.00 1.00

Magic Wheat Special 12.00 1.00

Magic Peanut Special 8.00 .82

Magic Grain Special 8.00 .82

Powhatan Grain Guano 9.00

High Grade Bone and Potash Mi.\ture 12.00

Magic Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 14.00

Magic Grain and Grass Grower 8.00

Magic Peanut Grower 8.00

Powhatan Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Bone and Potash Mi.xture 11.00

Pure Raw Bone Meal 22.50 3.70

Pure Animal Bone 25.00 2.47

Special Fertilizer 8.00 3.29

Potash
Per Cent

2.50

5.00

5.00

7.00

8.00

7.00

6.00

4.00

5.00

7.00

7.00

5.00

6.00

6.00

4.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

3.00

2.00

5.00

5.00

3.00

3.00

4.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

2.00

5.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

4.00

4.00

3.00

5.00

4.00

2.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

2.00

2.00

1.00

2.00

POCOMOKE GUANO COMPANY,
Norfolk, Y.\.

A vailable

PhoH. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Peerless Acid Phosphate 14.00

Superb Acid Phosi)hate 16.00

Alkali Bone 11.00

Electric Crop Grower 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

1.65

Potash
Per Cent

2.00
2.00

The Bulletin

61

A vailable

Phon. Acid

Kame of Brand Per Cent

C. C. C. Crescent Complete Compound 8.00

Cinco Tobacco Guano 8.50

Monarch Tobacco Grower 8.00

Harvey's High Grade Monarch 8.00

Pocomoke Sweet Potato Grower 8.00

Standard Truck Guano 7.00

Pocomoke Truck Grower, 5 Per Cent 7.00

Seaboard Popular Trucker 6.00

Freeman's 7 Per Cent Irish Potato Grower 6.00

Coast Line Truck Guano 5.00

Faultless Ammoniated Superphosi)hate 8.00

Pocomoke Defiance Bone and Potash 8.00

Monticello Animal Bone Fertilizer 9.00

Garrett's Grape Grower 8.00

Pocomoke 1-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

Pocomoke 1-10-1 Fertilizer . . 10.00

Pocomoke 2-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Pocomoke 2-11-0 Fertilizer 11.00

Pocomoke 2-12-0 Fertilizer 12.00

Pocomoke 2-10-1 Fertilizer 10.00

Pocomoke Guano 8.00

Pocomoke Tobacco Guano 8.00

Monticello Animal Bone Special 9.00

Pocomoke 2i^-10-l Fertilizer 10.00

Pocomoke 3-9-0 Fertilizer 9.00

Pocomoke 3-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Pocomoke 2 ^ 9-1 9.00

Monarch Tobacco Special 8.00

Pocomoke 3-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

Pocomoke 3-9-2 Fertilizer 9.00

Pocomoke 3-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Pocomoke 4-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Pocomoke 4-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Pocomoke 4-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Pocomoke 4-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Pocomoke 5-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Pocomoke 5-7-0 Fertilizer 7.00

Pocomoke 5-7-1 Fertilizer 7.00

Pocomoke 5-7-2 Fertilizer 7.00

Pocomoke 7-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Pocomoke 7-6-2 Fertilizer 6.00

Pocomoke 7-8-0 Fertilizer 8.00

Pocomoke 7-8-1 Fertilizer 8.00

Pocomoke 7-8-2 Fertilizer 8.00

Pocomoke 7-6-1 Fertilizer 6.00

Pocomoke 10-5-0 Fertilizer 5.00

Pocomoke 10-5-1 Fertilizer 5.00

Pocomoke 10-5-2 Fertilizer 5.00

Pocomoke 9-3-0 Top Dresser 3.00

Pocomoke 9-4-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Pocomoke 10-5-0 Top Dresser 5.00

Pocomoke 10-5-1 Top Dresser 5.00

Pocomoke 10-4-2 Top Dresser 4.00

Pocomoke 2-9-1 Fertilizer 9.00

Pocomoke 4-6-0 Fertilizer 6.00

Nitrate of Soda

E.\um's Fish and Meal Mi.\ture 10.00

Pocomoke 5-10-0 Fertilizer 10.00

Dry Ground Fish

Pocomoke 2 ^4 -9-1 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

3.00

2.06

2.50

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

4.11

5.00

4.11

5.00

5.76

5.00

5.76

5.00

8.23

3.00

3.29

4.00

....

4.00

1.85

4.00

3.29

10.00

.82

....

.82

1.00

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.85

2.00

2.06

1.00

2.47

....

2.47

1.00

1.85

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

....

3.29

....

3.29

1.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

4.11

....

4.11

4.11

1.00

4.11

2.00

5.76

....

5.76

2.00

5.76

5.76

1.00

5.76

2.00

5.76

1.00

8.23

....

8.23

1.00

8.23

2.00

7.41

> . . ■

7.41

....

8.23

....

8.23

1.00

8.23

2.00

1.65

1.00

3.29

....

15.00

....

3.29

4.11

8.23

....

1.85

1.00

62

The BuLLETI^^

PAMLICO CHEMICAL COMPANY, Inc.,
Washington, N. C.

Pamlico 8

Name of Brand
■4-3 Guano

Available

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

3.30

Potash
Per Cent

3.00

F. S. ROYSTER CtUAXO COMPANY,
Norfolk, Ya.

A vailahle

Phos. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Royster's High Grade 17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 17.00

Royster's High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Royster's 14 Per Cent Acid Pho.sphaie 14.00

Royster's Dissolved Bone 13.00

Royster's XX Acid Phosphate 12.00

Royster's Volley Brand Ammoniated Phosphate 12.00

Royster's 12 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Royster's 12 and 2 Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Royster's Target Ammoniated Phosphate 11.00

Royster's 11 and 5 Bone and Potash Mi.xture 11.00

Royster's 11 and 1 Bone and Potash Mixture 11.00

Royster's Bee Line Special Truck Compound 10.00

Royster's Landmark Ammoniated Phosphate W.OO

Royster's Kingtish High Grade Fertilizer 10.00

Royster's Log Cabin Fertilizer 10.00

Royster's Puritan Meal Mixture 10.00

Royster's Gazelle Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

Royster's Soluble Guano 10.00

Royster's Ovation Brand Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

Royster's Haywood Special Guano 10.00

Royster's Hoe Cake Fertilizer 10.00

Royster's 10 and 6 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Royster's 10 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Royster's 10 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Royster's Bone and Potash for Grain 10.00

Royster's Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Royster's Surry Special Tobacco Grower 9.00

Royster's Piedmont Special Cotton Grower . . . . 9.00

Pilot Mountain Special Tobacco Guano 9.00

Royster's Simplex Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00

Royster's Mexo Ammoniated Guano 9.00

Royster's Cotton Grower 9.00

Royster's Meal Mixture 9.00

Royster's Emergency Meal Mixture 9.00

Royster's Viking Ammoniated Guano 9.00

Royster's Honey Bee Special Compound 9.00

Royster's Grain Guano 9.00

Royster's Bison Special Fertilizer 9.00

Royster's Alaska 7 Per Cent Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

Royster's Touraine Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Royster's Angelus Compound 8.00

Royster's Gothic Truck Compound 8.00

Royster's Apollo Special Trucker 8.00

Royster's Nectar Special Fertilizer 8.00

Cobb's High Grade for Tobacco 8.00

Cobb's High Grade for Cotton 8.00

Royster's Ibex Sweet Potato Grower 8.00

Royster's Trucker's Delight 8.00

Royster's Milo Tobacco Guano 8.00

Royster's High Grade Spc-i.il Tiili;i.i n Cuino 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

....

5.00

....

2.00

2.47

....

....

5.00

1.00

4.94

3.30

2.47

3.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.65

2.00

1.65

• . . •

.82

3.00

.82

1.00

. - . .

6.00

> . • •

5.00

. . . .

4.00

. . . .

3.00

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

....

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

1.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

5.76

4.11

7.00

4.11

3.00

4.11

1.00

4.11

3.30

6.00

3.30

5.00

3.30

5.00

3.30

5.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

The Bulletin

63

A. vailable

Phos. Aciil

Xamf of Brand Per Cent

Roys:er's Juiiiter High Grade Guano 8.00

Royster's Mustang Special Guano 8.00

Ro.v.ster's Gorham's Special 8.00

Royster's Big Bet Tobacco Guano 8.00

Royster's Sensation Fertilizer 8.00

Royster's Defender Aninioniated Pliospliate 8.00

Royster's Polo Tobacco Guano 8.00

Royster's Lenoir Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Royster's Eagles' Special Tobacco Ciuano 8.00

Royster's Spearhead High Grade Guano 8.00

Royster's Bonanza Tobacco Guano 8.00

Royster's Argus Cotton Guano 8.00

Royster's Marlboro H. G. Cotton Grower 8.00

Royster's Special Sweet Potato Grower 8.00

Royster's Delta Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Royster's Delta Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Royster's Stellar Cotton Grower 8.00

Royster's Wizard Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Royster's Drillwell Guano 8.00

Royster's Everlasting Meal Mixture 8.00

Royster's Orinoco Tobacco Guano 8.00

Royster's Special Tobacco Comi>ouud 8.00 .

Royster's Fish, Flesh and Fowl 8.00

Royster's Special Wheat Fertilizer 8.00

Royster's Complete Guano 8.00

Royster's Farmer's Bone Fertilizer 8.00

Royster's Farmer's Bone Fertilizer for Tobacco 8.00

Royster's Sambo Peanut Grower 8.00

Royster's Harvest Home Fertilizer 8.00

Royster's 8 and 4 Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00

Royster's Special 7 Per Cent Truck Guano 7.00

Royster's Zodiac Truck Guano 7.00

Royster's Vesta Ammoniated Phosphate 7.00

Royster's Early Truck Guano 7.00

Royster's Domino Potato Guano 7.00

Royster's Ripper Potato Guano 7.00

Royster's Primrose Potato Guano 7.00

Royster's Red Rover 5 Per Cent Potato Guano 7.00

Royster's Expo 5 Per Cent Potato Guano 7.00

Royster's 5 Per Cent Ammoniated Phosphate 7.00

Royster's Special Corn and Tomato Guano 7.00

Royster's Peanut Special 7.00

Royster's 7 and 5 Bone and Potash Mixture 7.00

Royster's Arrow 7 Per Cent Potato Guano 6.00

Royster's Holdfast 7 Per Cent Potato Guano 6.00

Royster's 7 Per Cent Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

Royster's Irish Potato Guano 6.00

Royster's Velox Potato Grower 6.00

Royster's Canoe Brand Trucker 6.00

Royster's Tulip 5 Per Cent Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

Royster's Pasquotank Potato Guano 6.00

Royster's Early Sweet Potato Grower 6.00

Oakley's Special Toliacco Guano 6.00

Royster's Heatherliloom High Grade Guano 6.00

Royster's Flagstaff Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

Royster's Raven High Grade Guano 6.00

Royster's Dolphin 10 Per Cent Truck Guano 5.00

Royster's Greenleaf Trucker 5.00

Royster's Cabbage Guano 5.00

Royster's Maybrook Special Truck Compound 5.00

Boyster's Velva 10 Per Cent Truck Compound 5.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.30

4.00

3.30

3.00

3.30

2.50

3.30

2.00

3.30

1.00

3.30

....

2.88

5.00

2.88

5.00

2.47

5.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47 .

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.50

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.03

4.00

1.03

4.00

....

4.00

5.76

7.00

5.76

5.00

4.94

....

4.12

8.00

4.12

7.00

4.12

5.00

4.12

3.00

4.12

2.00

4.12

1.00

4.12

....

1.65

5.00

5.00

....

5.00

5.76

5.00

5.76

1.00

5.76

....

4.12

7.00

4.12

5.00

4.12

1.00

4.12

....

3.30

8.00

3.30

5.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

4.00

3.30

• . . .

2.47

5.00

8.23

3.00

8.23

2.50

8.23

2.50

8.23

1.00

8.23

....

64

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Royster's Norva Truck Compound 5.00

Royster's Lotus Ammoniated Phosphate 5.00

Royster s Presto Top Dresser 4.00

Royster's Fourteno Top Dresser 4.00

Royster's Special Top Dresser ' 4.00

Ben's Favorite 4.00

Royster's Currituck Sweet Potato Guano 4.00

Royster's Threeineo Top Dresser 3.00

Royster's Locomotive Top Dresser 2.00

Corbett & Moore's Top Dresser

Royster's Magic Top Dresser

Royster's Pure Raw Bone Meal, Total 21.50

Nitrate of Soda

Cotton Seed Meal

Royster's Tabor Special Fertilizer 4.00

Killibrew's Special 8.00

Royster's 7-6-3 Special 7.00

Royster's "War Dog Top Dresser 4.00

Royster's Ground Fish Scrap 4.00

Royster's Palnio Trucker 5.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

5.76

5.00

5.76

....

8.23

4.00

8.23

....

6.17

2.50

3.30

4.00

2.47

8.00

7.40

....

8.23

5.00

9.87

3.00

7.40

3.00

3.70

....

15.21

....

6.17

....

8.23

....

1.23

3.00

4.94

3.00

6.17

1.00

8.23

8.23

2.00

RICHMOND GUANO COMPANY,
Richmond, Va.

Available
Phos. Arid Xitrogen
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Rex Truck Special 7.00 4.11

Perfection Tobacco Special 8.00 3.29

Rex Tobacco Special 6.00 3.29

Gilt Edge Tobacco Special * 8.00 2.47

Gilt Edge Cotton Special 8.00 2.47

Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 2.26

Tip Top Tobacco Special 9.00 2.06

Tip Top Cotton Special 9.00 2.06

Premium Tobacco Special 9.00 1.65

Premium Cotton Special 9.00 1.65

Rex Corn Special 12.00 1.00

Bone Mixture 9.00 1.65

Bone Mixture 10.00 .82

Premium Corn Grower 10.00 .82

Premium Crop Grower 10.00 .82

Top Dresser 4.00 8.23

Ammoniated Phosphate 10-4-0 10.00 3.29

Ammoniated Phosphate 10-3-0 10.00 2.47

Ammoniated Phosphate 10-21/2-0 10.00 2.06

Ammoniated Phosphate 12-2-0 12.00 1.65

Perfection Guano 8.00 3.29

Edwards' Cotton Grower 6.00 3.29

Rex Tobacco Guano 6.00 3.29

Gilt Edge Guano 9.00 2.47

Tip Top Guano 9.50 2.06

Premium Guano 10.00 1.65

Rex Corn Guano 12.00 1.00

Premium Grain Guano 11.00 .82

Rex Dissolved Bone Phos|)hate 16.00 ....

High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Premium Dissolved Bone 13.00 ....

Old Homostoad Dissolved Bone 12.00 ....

Potash
Per Cent

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

2.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

The Bulletin

65

Available

Phos. Acid

\ame of Brand Per Cent

Preiniuin Brand Fertilizer 8.00

Premium Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Nitrate of Soda

Sulphate of Ammonia

10 Per Cent Cabbage Guano 6.00

Gilt Edge Top Dresser 4.00

Special Top Dresser

Premium Top Dresser 4.00

Smith's 7 Per Cent Special 6.00

7 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer 6.00

Special High Grade for Truck 7.00

Clark's Special Formula 7.00

Southern Trucker 8.00

5 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer 6.00

Bone and Blood Special 8.00

Perfection Special 8.00

Edwards' Prolific Cotton Grower 6.00

Sanders' Special Formula for Bright Tobacco 9.00

Gilt Edge Fertilizer ' 8.00

Gilt Edge Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Carolina Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Carolina Bright Tobacco Special 8.00

f'ollins' Special Fertilizer 9.00

Beeson's Best Fertilizer 8.00

Carter's Special for Tobacco 4.00

Carolina Bright Special Tobaccg Fertilizer 8.00

Carolina Cotton Grower 9.00

Burton's Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Tip Top Fertilizer 8.00

Tip Top Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Special Premium Brand for Tobacco 8.00

Special Premium Brand for Plants 8.00

Carolina Bright for Cotton 8.00

C. & B.'s Best Fertilizer 9.00

Bumper Crop Ammoniated Guano 9.00

Lowry's Special Fertilizer 9.00

Beeson's Favorite Fertilizer 8.00

Re.x Ammoniated Crop Grower ' . . . 8.00

Smith's Special Fertilizer 4.00

Rex Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Cracker Jack Fertilizer 9.00

Edgecombe Cotton Grower 8.00

Premium Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

Premium Corn Special 12.00

Premium Wheat Special 12.00

Premium Cotton Grower 9.00

Premium Wheat Grower 9.00

Premium Peanut S]iecial 8.00

Premium Grain Special 8.00

Tip Top Grain Guano 9.00

Premium Bone and Potash Mixture 13.00

High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Regal Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Johnson's Best Bone and Potash 10.00

Rex Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 14.00

Tip Top Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00

Winter Grain and Grass Grower 8.00

Premium Peanut Grower 8.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

5

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Gent

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

14.80

....

19.75

....

8.23

2.00

8.23

4.00

7.40

3.00

6.17

2.50

5.76

5.00

5.76

5.00

4.94

5.00

4.94

6.00

4.11

5.00

4.11

5.00

3.29

6.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.88

5.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

10.00

2.47

6.00

2.26

2.50

2.26

2.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.85

2.25

1.85

2.25

2.06

1.50

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

10.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

7.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.00

2.00

1.00

2.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

.82

4.00

.82

4.00

.82

3.00

3.00

5.00

4.00

5.00

4.00

2.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

2.00

2.00

66

The Bulletin

A vailable

Phos. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Bone and Potash Mixture 11.00

Pure Raw Bone Meal, Total 22.50

Pure Animal Bone 25.00

High Grade Truck Special 7.00

Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

....

1.00

3.70

....

2.47

....

4.94

1.00

2.47

2.00

Rasin'
Rasin'
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin'
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin'
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin'
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin
Rasin'
Rasin'
Rasin
Nitrate

RASIX MONUMENTAL COMPANY,

Baltimore, Md.

Ai'ailahle

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Searchlight High Grade Guano 10.00

Dixie Tobacco Guano 9.00

Dixie Plant and Truck Guano 8.00

Empire High Grade Manure 8.00

Gold Standard, Revised 8.00

Empire Guano Special, Revi.sed 8.00

Indian Brand for Tobacco, Revised 8.00

Empire Guano 8.00

Empire Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Dixie Fertilizer 8.00

Baltimore Special Guano 10.00

Empire Complete Compound 10.00

Seawall Complete Guano 9.00

Dixie Guano, Revised 9.00

Royal Complete Manure 8.00

Victoria Complete Guano 8.00

Gold Standard, Revised, No. 2 8.00

Indian Brand for Tobacco, Revised, No. 2 8.00

Empire Special Ammoniated Superjjhosphate 12.00

Dixie Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Empire Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Special Crop Preparation 10.00

Baltimore Ammoniated Superphosphate 9.00

Seawall Ammoniated Su])erphosphate 8.00

Capital Ammoniated Su])erphospliate 8.00

Ammoniated Suiieri)hosphate 6.00

General Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Seawall Special Guano, Revised 10.00

Nine Three Three Guano 9.00

Empire Guano Special 8.00

Gold Standard 8.00

Indian Brand for Tobacco 8.00

of Soda

Nitrogen Potash
Per Gent Per Cent

3.29

2.00

2.26

2.00

4.12

2.00

3.29

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

3.29

1.00

2.47 .

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.00

4.12

1.00

3.29

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

3.29

. .

2.47

1.65

, .

2.47

, ,

4.12

, ,

3.29

4.12

3.29

.82

1.0

0

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

14.82

.

REIDSVILLE FERTILIZER COMPANY, Inc.,

Reidsville, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Burton Special 10.00

Lion Brand 9.00

Big Crop 9.00

Hustler 9.00

Roval Fertilizer 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

2.00

2.47

6.00

1.65

1.00

.82

2.00

2.47

3.00

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Farmer's Toba'cco Fertilizer 8.00

Climax . 8.00

Champion Guano 8.00

Banner Fertilizer 8.00

Plant Bed Special 9.00

Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

Reidsville Acid 16.00

Xitrogen
Per Gent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

2.05

3.00

1.65

• 2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

1.65

....

THE ROBERTSON FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Norfolk, Va.

Available

Phos. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Robertson's 3-8-2 Guano 8.00

Robertson's 3-8-1 Guano 8.00

Double Dollar Tobacco 8.00

Robertson's 3-10 Guano 10.00

Robertson's 3-9 Guano 9.00

Robertson's 3-12 Guano 12.00

Robertson's 2-12 Guano 12.00.

Robertson's 2-10 Guano 10.00

Robertson's 4-10 Guano 10.00

High Peak Acid Phosphate 16.00

Scepter Acid Pliosphate 14.00

Nitrate of Soda

Fish Guano

Double Dollar Soluble 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.46

2.00

2.46

1.00

1.64

2.00

2.46

. . ■. .

2.46

2.46

1.64

1.64

3.29

14.80

8.22

1.64

2.00

ROCK HILL FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Rock Hill, S. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Piedmont 9.00

Piedmont 10.00

Piedmont 12.00

Piedmont 10.00

Piedmont 10.00

Piedmont 8.00

Piedmont 8.00

Piedmont 9.00

Piedmont 8.00

Piedmont 9.00

Piedmont 16.00

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

2.47

2.47

1.65

3.29

3.29

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

1.00

14.85

ROBESON MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

LfMBEKTON, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Silver Dollar 8.00

Tobacco Special 8.00

'•RMC" 8-4 8.00

"RMC" 9-3 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

3.30

2.47

. . . .

68

The Bulletin-

A railable

Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

"RMC" 6-4 6.00 3.30

"RMC" 8-4 Blood 8.00 3.30

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

Nitrate of Soda 14.81

Sulphate of Ammonia 20.75

"RMC" Top Dresser 3.00 7.41

"RMC" 8-3-1 8.00 2.47 1.00

"RMC" 10-4 Blood 10.00 3.30

Cremo 8.00 1.65 2.00

READ PHOSPHATE COMPANY,
Chakleston, S. C.

Available
Plios. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Read's Cotton Guano 10.00

Read's Carolina Special 10.00

Read's Cotton Flower 900

Read's Soil Food 8.00

Read's Soluble Fish Guano 9-00

Read's Boll Weevil E.xterminator 8.00

Read's Blood and Bone Mixture 8.00

Read's High Grade Dissolved Bone 16.00

Nitrate of Soda

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

.82

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.46

1.00

2.46

1.00

1.65

1.00

3.28

1.00

3.28

■ < • •

14.75

ROBERSONVILLE GUANO COMPANY,

ROBERSONVILLE, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Roberson's High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

Little's High Grade Meal and Fish Guano 9.00

Little's Special Tobacco Grower 8.00

Roberson's Special Tobacco Grower 9.00

Roberson's Fish Scrap .■ .

Roberson's Nitrate of Soda .■.•.■.-.-.•.■..■■ ....

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Po
Per

tash
Cent

2.47

....

2.47

2.00

2.47

8.20

....

15.60

• . ■ •

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SCO

Co.

SOUTHERN COTTON OIL COMPANY,
Concord, Davidsox, Gibson, Monroe, Shelby, Wadesboro.

Available

Phos. Acifl Nitrogen Potash

Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

Ammoniated 10.00 3.29 2.00

Ammoniated 10.00 2.47 2.00

Ammoniated 10.00 1.65 2.00

Ammoniated 10.00 2.47 1.00

Ammoniated 10.00 1.65 1.00

Ammoniated 9.00 2.47 2.00

Ammoniated 9.17 1.65 2.00

Ammoniated 9.00 1.65 1.00

Ammoniated 9.00 2.47 1.00

Ammoniated 8.00 2.47 2.00

Ammoniated 8.00 2.06 2.00

Ammoniated 8.00 1.65 2.00

SWIFT & CO., Inc.,

Baltimore, Md.

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Special Top Dresser 5.00

Spinach Fertilizer 8.00

Mammoth Potato Grower 9.00

Top Dresser Formula No. 1 8.00

Favorite Trucker 7.00

Excelsior 6.00

High Grade Trucker * 6.00

Trucking Compound Formula No. 2 6.00

Special High Grade Trucker 6.00

Trucking Compound 6.00

Special Truck Fertilizer 8.00

Special Early Truck 7.00

Virginia Potato Grower 7.00

Special Baltimore Formula 10.00

Special Truck Grower 8.00

Red Steer 8.00

Special Formula "A" 8.00

Revised 1917 Red Steer 10.00

High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

Garden and Truck 8.00

Revised 1917 Virginia Tobacco Grower 8.00

Sweet Potato Fertilizer 9.00

The Bulletin G9

A vailable
Phos. Acid Nitrogen Potash
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

SCO Co. Ammoniated 8.00 3.29 1.00

SCO Co. Ammoniated 8.00 2.47 1.00

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 4.00 6.17 2.00

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 4.00 6.17 1.00

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 4.00 9.88

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 4.00 5.76

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 4.00 6.17

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 3.00 7.40

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 4.00 8.22

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 8.22 2.00

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 4.00 8.22 2.00

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 5.00 5.76 2.00

SCO Co. Ammoniated Top Dresser 4.00 9.05 2.50

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound 12.00 2.47

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound 12,00 1.56

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound 11.00 2.47

SCO Co. Ammoniated Comi)Ound 11.00 1.65

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound 10.00 3.29

SCO. Co. Ammoniated Compound 10.00 2.47 .

SCO. Co. Ammoniated Compound 12.00 1.65

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound ■ 9.00 3.29

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound 9.00 2.47

SCO Co. Acid Phosphate 16.00

SCO Co. Acid Phosphate 14.00

SCO Co. Acid Phosphate 13.00 ....

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound 6.00 3.29

SCO Co. Ammoniated 8.00 3.29 2.00

Nitrate of Soda 14.80

SCO Co. Ammoniated 10.00 3.29 1.00

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound 8.00 3.29

SCO Co. Ammoniated Compound 10.00 1.65

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

8.22

6.59

....

5.76

....

5.76

5.76

....

5.76

5.00

5.76

3.00

5.76

2.00

5.76

1.00

5.76

....

4.11

....

4.11

1.00

4.H

3.29

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

3.29

....

1.65

3.29

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

70

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Special Formula "C" 12.00

Farmer's Favorite 9.00

Swift's Grain and Grass Grower 10.00

'Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

....

1.G5

1.00

.82

1.00

A. A. SMITH,
Atl.^nta, Ga.

Available

Phos. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Blood

Blood

Taiikage 18.31

Tankage 13.73

Tankage 2.28

Tankage 2.28

Tankage 4.57

Tankage 4.57

Tankage 4.57

Ground Steamed Bone 22.00

Fish Scrap 4.57

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Po
Per

task
Cent

20.00

14.80

13.15

13.97

4.93

5.34

5.75

8.22

8.22

9.04

9.86

2.46

8.22

SPARTANBURG FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Spaktanburg, S. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

' Name of Brand Per Cent

Plant Food 10.00

Nitrogen

Per Cent

1.65

Potash
Per Cent

TUSCARORA FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Greeksboro, Chicago, and Wilmington.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ammoniated Super])hosphate .'. 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Fertilizer No. 1121 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Grain Special 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1011 for Grain 10.00

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 9.00

Fertilizer No. 931 9.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 9,00

Fertilizer No. 92 >A 1 9.00

Fertilizer No. 922 for Grain 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.30

....

2.47

.82

3.30

2.47

1.65

1.00

1.65

....

.82

....

3.30

1.65

.82

1.00

.62

2.00

.41

2.00

.20

2.00

3.30

....

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.05

1.00

1.65

2.00

I

The BrLLETiN

71

\amp of IS rami
Fertilizer No. 921 for Grain.

Fertilizer No. 841

Ainnioniated Superphosphate
Alkaline Bone

A railahle

PhoK. Acid

Per Cent

9.00

8.00

8.00

. . . 10.00

Acid and Potash 10.00

Bone and Potash 10.00

Bone and Potash 10.00

Bone and Potash 9-3 9.00

Bone and Potash 8.00

Bone and Potash 8.00

Tiiscarora Acid Phosphate 17.00

Tuscarora Acid Phosphate 16.00

Tuscarora Acid Phosphate 14.00

Tuscarora Acid Phosphate 13.00

Tuscarora Acid Phosphate 12.00

Kainit

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Nitrate of Soda

Dried Blood

Tankage

Bone Meal (Total) 24.00

Raw Bone Meal (Total) 22.00

Cotton Seed Meal

Sulphate of Ammonia

Fertilizer No. 824 8.00

Fertilizer No. 823 8.00

Tuscarora Standard 8.00

Tuscarora Standard Tobacco Grower 8.00

Fertilizer No. 81.5 8.00

Fertilizer No. 814 8.00

Fertilizer No. 813 8.00

Fertilizer No. 755 7.00

5 Per Cent Trucker 6.00

Fertilizer No. 646 6.00

Manure Substitute 6.00

Fertilizer No. 637 6.00

Complete To]) Dresser .^ 4.00

Tuscarora Top Dresser

Tuscarora Chief Top Dresser

Bone and Potash 14

Phosphate and Potash 12

Bone and Potash 12

Bone and Potash 12

Bone and Potash 12

Sampson's Corn Mi.xture 11

Standard Cotton Grower . .

Tuscarora Trucker

Fertilizer No. 846

Fertilizer No. 845

Fertilizer No. 844

Tuscarora Tobacco Grower .

Fertilizer No. 8310

Fertilizer No. 836

Fertilizer No. 835

Special for Tobacco

Boone's Special

Tobacco Special

Cotton Special

Tuscarora Blood and Bone .
Fertilizer No. 833

Nitrogen
Per Cent

1.65

3.30

3.30

00
00
00
00
00
00
50
00
00
00
00
00
.00
,00
.00
,00
,00
.00
.00
00
.00

14.81

13.16

8.23

2.47

3.70

6.18

20.56

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

.82

.82

.82

4.11

4.11

3.30

3.30

2.47

6.18

7.81

7.40

1.65
4.11
3.30
3.30
3.30
3.30
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47

Potash
Per Cent

1.00

1.00

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
5.00
4.00

12.00
50.00
50.00

4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
5.00
7.00
6.00
4.00
7.00
2.50
4.00
3.00
1.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
5.00
2.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
4.00
10.00
6.00
5.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00

72 The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Tuscarora Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Good Enough 8.00

Tuscarora Champion 8,00

Tuscarora Champion Tobacco Grower 8.00

Snow's Tobacco Special 8.00

High Grade Trucker 8.00

Fertilizer No. 825 8.00

Fertilizer No. 1244 12.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Fertilizer No. 1044 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1033 10.00

Ammoniated Superi)hosphate 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1025 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1023 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1022 10.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Fertilizer No. 1021 10.00

Tuscarora Special Guano 10.00

Phosphate and Potash 10.00

Fertilizer No. 933 .' 9.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Fertilizer No. 92 % 2 9.00

Fertilizer No. 921/2 5 9.00

Fertilizer No. 92 % 3 ' 9.00

Fertilizer No. 924 9.00

Tuscarora Chief 9.00

Fertilizer No. 921 9.00

Fertilizer No. 913 9.00

Fertilizer No. 912 9.00

Fertilizer No. 831 for Grain 8.00

Fertilizer No. 831 8.00

Standard for Grain 8.00

Fertilizer No. 832 8.00

Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

TENNESSEE CHEMICAL COMPANY.
Greensboro, Chicago, and Wilmington.

Ai^ailahle

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Ox High Grade Guano 10.00

Ox High Grade Fertilizer 10.00

O.'c Ammonia Compound 10.00

Ox Monroe Special 10.00

Ox High Grade Ammoniated Bone 10.00

Ox Extra High Grade Guano 10.00

Ox Southern Guano 10.00

Ox Fish Compound 10.00

Ox Slaughter House Bone 10.00

Ox Ammonia Compound 10.00

Ox Special Crop Grower 10.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 1011 10.00

Ox Cotton Guano 9.25

Ox Standard Fish Guano 9.25

Ox Standard Cotton Guano 9.25

Ox Cotton Grower 9.00

Ox Tobacco Grower 9.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 92 1^ 4 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.05

3.00

2.05

3.00

2.05

2.50

2.05

2.50

1.85

4.00

1.65

10.00

1.65

5.00

3.30

4.00

1.65

....

3.30

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

1.65

5.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

> . . .

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

6.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.26

2.00

2.05

5.00

2.05

3.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

2.00

3.30

■ • • ■

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.30

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

....

2.05

4.00

2.05

2.00

2.05

3.00

1.65

4.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

....

.82

3.00

.82

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

1.85

4.00

The Bulletin

73

Name of Brand

Ox Blood Bone aud Potash

Ox Fertilizer No. 913

Ox Fertilizer No. 912

Ox Stand-by

Ox Fertilizer No. 844

Ox Fertilizer No. 835

Ox Special Compouud Guano . . . .
Ox Surry County Tobacco Grower.
Ox Surry County Tobacco Special .

Ox Blood and Bone

Ox Surry County Tobacco Winner
Ox Fertilizer No. 824

823

822

Brij

813

755

:ht Tobacco Grower.

A railahle
Plios. Aciil
Per Gent
9.00
9.00
9.00
8.50
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
5.00
5.00
4.00
2.00

Ox Fertilizer No.
Ox Fertilizer No.
Ox Surry County
Ox Fertilizer No.
Ox Fertilizer No.

Ox Top Dresser

Ox Top Dresser

Ox Top Dresser

Ox Top Dresser

Ox Electric Top Dresser

Ox Top Dresser

Ox Top Dresser

Ox 13 and 4 13.00

Ox Alkaline Bone 12.00

Ox Bone and Potash 11.00

Ox Bone and Potash 10.00

Ox Potash Formula 10.00

Ox Phosphate and Potash 10.00

Ox Potash ilixture 10.00

Ox Potash Compound 8.00

Ox Extra High Grade Acid Phosphate 17.00

Ox Tennessee High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

Ox High Grade Dissolved Bone 14.00

Ox Special Acid Phosphate 13.00

Ox Acid Phosphate 12.00

Raw Bone Meal (Total) 22.00

Cotton Seed ileal

Tankage

Kainit

Sulphate of Potash
Muriate of Potash

Dried Blood

Nitrate of Soda . .

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 12.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosjihate 11.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 11.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 1121 11.00

Ox Ammoniated Superiihosphate 11.00

Ox Ammoniated Su]ierphosphate 11.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 1021 10.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

Ox Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Ox Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Ox Special Grain Fertilizer 10.00

Ox Grain Special 10.00

Nitrogen
Per Gent
1.65
.82
.82
1.65
3.30
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.05
2.05
1.85
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
.82
4.11
3.30
8.23
8.23
6.18
8.23
7.81
7.40

3.70
6.18
8.23

13.16

14.81

3.30

2.47

.82

3.30

2.47

1.65

1.65

.82

3.30

2.47

1.65

1.65

.62

.41

.20

1.65

Potash
Per Cent

3.00

3.00

2.00

2.00

4.00

5.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.50

4.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

2.00

3.00

5.00

3.00

2.00

2.00

2.50

3.00

4.00

3.00.

4.00

2.00

1.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

4.00

12.00
50.00
50.00

1.00

1.00

2.00
2.00
2.00

74

The Bulletin

Arailable

PhoK. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Ox Fertilizer No. 1011 for Grain 10.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 9.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 931 9.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 9.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 92 Vz 1 9.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 921 for Grain 9.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 921 9.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 841 8.00

Ox Ammoniated Superj)ho.si)hate 8.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 831 for Grain 8.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 831 8.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 822 for Grain 8.00

Ox Dissolved Bone Phosphate 16.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 92 % 2 9.00

Ox Fertilizer No. 832 8.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

Ox Ammoniated Superphosphate .* 12.00

ogen
Cent

Potash
Per Gent

.82

1.00

3.30

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.05

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

3.30

1.00

3.39

....

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

2.00

2.27

2.00

2.47

2.00

3.30

...»

1.65

• . . •

TENNESSEE COAL. IRON AND RAILROAD COMPANY,

BiKMINGH.AM, AL.i.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand • Per Cent

Duplex Basic Phosphate 18.00

y it r ogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

UNION GUANO COMPANY,

WlNSTON-S.^LEM. N. C.

yame of Brand

Union Tobacco Special

Union Tobacco Special, Revised.

Arailable

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

8.00

8.00

yitrogen
Per Cent

2.47

2.47

Potash
Per Cent

3.00

2.00

L. J. UPTON & CO.,
Norfolk. V.a.

Inc.,

Name of Brand

Upton's Truck Guano

Upton's Special Fertilizer (Revised 1917)

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Per Cent

8.00

8.00

yitrogen
Per Cent

5.76

4.11

Pota.th
Per Cent

UNION SEED AND FERTILIZER COMPANY,
R.\LEIGH, N. C.

Available

. Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Raleigh Standard Guano 8.00

U. S. & F. Brand No. 3 9.00

U. S. & F. Brand No. 4 9.00

U. S. & F. Brand No. 5 9.00

U. S. & F. Brand No. 15 8.00

yitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.26

2.00

2.26

.50

2.47

....

3.29

.50

3.29

1.00

The Bulletin

75

u.

s.

& r.

u.

s.

& F.

u.

s.

& F.

u.

s.

& F.

u.

s.

& F.

u.

s.

& F.

u.

s.

& F.

u.

s.

& F.

UNION SEED AND FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Charlotte, N. C.

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Co. Brand No. 1-C 12.00

Co. Brand No. 2-C 10.00

Co. Brand No. 3-C 900

Co. Brand No. 4-C 900

Co. Brand No. 5-C 10.00

Co. Brand No. 6-C 8.00

Co. Charlotte Special 8.00

Co. Brand No. 13-C 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

. . . •

1.65

■ . > >

2.26

.50

2.47

.50

3.29

.50

2.47

.50

2.47

1.00

2.47

3.00

UNION SEED AND FERTILIZER COMPANY,

Wilmington, N. C.

Ai'ailable

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Brand No. 3 9.00

Brand No. 4 9.00

Brand No. 5 9.00

Brand No. 6 ' 8.00

Brand No. 7 8.00

Brand No. 8 8.00

Brand No. 15 8.00

Brand No. 1 12.00

Brand No. 10 9.00

Brand No. 11 1900

Brand No. 12 1000

Brand No. 13 8.00

Brand No. 14 . 6.00

High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

Nitrate of Soda

Wilmington Top Dresser 3.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.24

.50

2.47

.50

3.29

.50

2.47

.50

2.88

.50

3.29

.50

3.29

1.00

1.65

2.47

2.47

3.29

3.29

3.29

14.76

7.39

Upshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's
Ujjshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's
Ui)shur's
Upshur's
L^pshur's
.Upshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's
Upshur's

R. L. UPSHUR GUANO COMPANY,

Norfolk, V.\.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

F. F. (Farmer's Favorite) 7.00

5 per cent Guano '^■90

8-3-3 Guano 8.00

O. P. (Old Plantation) 8.00

Premo Cotton Guano 8.00

10 Per Cent Top Dresser 5.00

Spinach Top Dresser 9.00

Special 7 Per Cent 6.00

8-5-1 Special 8.00

12-2 Ammoniated Phosphate 12.00

9-3 Ammoniated Phosphate 9.00

10-4 Ammoniated Phosphate 10.00

6-7 Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

9-3-1 Guano 9.00

8-3-2 Guano 8.00

8-5-3 Guano 8.00

6-4 Ammoniated Phosphate 6.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosi)hate 16.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

4.11

6.00

4.11

5.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

2.00

8.23

5.76

....

5.76

1.00

4.11

1.00

1.65

....

2.47

....

3.29

....

5.76

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

4.11

3.00

3.29

• . . .

The Bulletin

A vailable

Phos. Arid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Upshur's 1-1 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Upshur's G., G. & C. (Grain, Grass and Cotton) 8.00

Upshur's 8-5 Ammoniated Phosphate 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

1.6.5
4.11

Potash
Per Gent

2.00

VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL COMPANY,

Richmond, Va.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Allison & Addison's

Fulton Acid Phosphate 14.00

I.X.L. Acid Phosphate 13.00

Standard Acid Phosphate 12.00

RoclvBtt's Acid Phosphate 12.00

B. P. Potash Mixture 10.00

McGavock's Special Potash Mixture 10.00

Star Brand Special Tobacco Manure 9.00

Star Brand Special Tobacco Manure .....■.;.. 9.00

Star Brand Special High Grade '. . ; 9:00

Star Brand Guano , 9.00

Little Giant Grain and Grass Grower 9.00

Anchor Brand Tobacco Fei-tilizer 8.50

Star Brand Vegetable Guano 8.00

A. A. Guano ......' 8.00

Anchor Brand Fertilizer 8.00

Old Hickory Guano 8.00

Peanut Grower 8.00

Atlantic and Virginia Feetilizer- Company'.*

Eureka Acid Phosphate ••■.•.•••. 16.00

Valley of Virginia Phosphate 14.00

Crenshaw's Acid Phosphate 13.00

Our Acid Phosphate 12.00

Eureka Bone and Potash Compound 10.00

Eureka Ammoniated Bone Special for Tobacco 9.00

Orient Complete Manure 9.00

Virginia Truckers 8.00

Eureka Ammoniated Bone 8.00

Orient Special for Tobacco • 8.00

Carolina Truckers 7.00

Peanut Grower 8.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Company's

Catawba Acid Phosphate 14.00

15 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 15.00

Acid Phosphate 13.00

Day vault's Special 12.00

Dissolved Bone 12.00

Oliver's Perfect Wheat Grower 11.00

Ten Two Bone and Potash 10.00

High Grade Special Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Queen of the Harvest C. S. M 9.00

McCrary's Diamond Bone and Potash 9.00

Groom's Sjiecial Toliacco Fertilizer 8.00

Catawba Guano B. G 8.00

Special 3 Per Cent Guano C. S. M 8.00

Ammoniated Guano B. G 8.00

Ammoniated Guano C. S. M 8.00

The Leader B. G 8.00

King Cotton Grower 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

2.26
2.26
2.06
1.65
.82
2.26
3.71
2.47
1.65
1.65
1.00

2.06
1.65
4.11
1.65
1.65
5.76
1.00

Potash
Per Cent

2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
5.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
4.00

2.00
2.00
2.00
5.00
2.00
2.00
7.00
4.00

2.47

4.00

■ • • ■

2.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

2.00

3.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

1.50

2.06

1.50

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

The Bulletin

77

A vailahle

PltoK. Arid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Davie & Whittle's

Owl Brand High Grade Acid Phosjihate 16.00

Owl Brand High Grade Dissolved Bone 14.00

Owl Brand Acid Pliospliate 13.00

Owl Brand Dissolved Bone 12.00

Owl Brand Acid Phosphate with Potash 10.00

Owl Brand High Grade 3 Per Cent Soluble Guano 9.00

Owl Brand Si)ecial Tobacco Guano 9.00

Owl Brand Truck Guano 8.00

Owl Brand Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Vinco Guano 8.00

Owl Brand Guano 8.00

Peanut GroAver 8.00

Durham Fertilizer Company's

Best Acid Phosphate 16.00

Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Excelsior Dissolved Bone 14.00

Blackburg Dissolved Bone 13.00

North Carolina Farmers' Alliance •. . . . 13.00

Double Bone Phosphate 13.00

Acid Phosphate 12.00

Great Wheat and Corn Grower 10.50

Diamond Wheat Mixture 10.00

Standard Wheat and Corn Grower 10.00

Blue Ridge Wheat Grower 10.00

Standard Wheat Grower 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

L. and M. Special 9.00

Standard Guano 9.00

Ammoniated Fertilizer 9.00

Special Plant and Truck Fertilizer 8.00

Durham High Grade 8.00

Gold Medal Brand 8.00

Yellow Leaf Tobacco Guano 8.00

North Carolina Farmers' Alliance Official 8.00

Pride of Durham Tobacco Grower 8.00

Raw Bone Superphosphate for Tobacco 8.00

Raw Bone Superphosphate 8.00

Genuine Bone and Peruvian Guano 8.00

Genuine Bone and Peruvian Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Blacksburg Soluble Guano 8.00

Progressive Farmer Guano 8.00

Carr's Special Wheat Grower 8.00

Best Potato Manure 7.00

Peanut Grower 8.00

Lynchburg Guano Company's

Ironside Acid Phosphate . , .' . . 16.00

High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Arvonia Acid Phosphate 13.00

Spartan Acid Phosphate 12.00

Alpine Mixture 10.00

S. W. Special Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00

Independent Standard 8.50

Bright Belt Guano 8.00

Solid Gold Tobacco Guano 8.00

New Era 8.00

Lynchburg Soluble 8.00

Lynchburg Soluble for Tobacco 8.00

Nitr
Per

ogen
Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.06
2.06
4.94
2.47
1.65
1.65
1.00

2.47
1.65
1.65
4.11
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.06
2.06
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65

5.76
1.00

1.65
2.47
2.26
1.65
1.65
1.65

2.00
3.00
2.00
5.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
4.00

1.50
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
1.50
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
7.00
4.00

5.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00

The Bulletix

A vailahle
Plios. Acid
Name of Brand Per Cent

Norfolk and Carolina Chemical Company's

Norfolk Reliable Acid Phosphate 14.00

Norfolk Best Acid Phosphate 13.00

Norfolk Soluble Bone 12.00

Norfolk Bone and Potash 10.00

Norfolk Truck and Tomato Grower 8.00

Amazon High Grade Manure 8.00

Amazon Special High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

Cooper's Bright Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Genuine Slaughterhouse Bone Guano 8.00

Peanut Grower 8.00

Crescent Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer 8.00

Genuine Slaughterhouse Bone Guano 8.00

Bright Leaf Tobacco Grower > 8.00

Old Dominion Guano Company's

High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Bone Phosphate 13.00

Royster's Acid Phosphate 12.00

Obelisk Brand Bone and Potash 10.00

Planter's Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Alkaline Bone and Potash 10.00

Home's Cotton Fertilizer 9.00

Standard Raw Bone Soluble Guano 9.00

Farmer's Friend High Grade Fertilizer 8.00

Farmer's Friend Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Osceola Tobacco Guano 8.00

Farmer's Friend Fertilizer 8.00

Special Wheat Guano 8.00

Soluble Tobacco Guano 8.00

Bullock's Cotton Guano 8.00

Miller's Special Wheat Mixture 8.00

7-7-7 Truck Guano 7.00

Potato Manure 7.00

7 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer 6.00

6-7-5 Truck Guano 6.00

Special Sweet Potato Guano 6.00

10 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer 5.00

Soluble Guano 8.00

Farmer's Soluble Bone High Grade Special Tobacco Manure 8.00

Peanut Grower 8.00

POWERS-GlBBS & CO.'S ,

Almont High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Fulp's Acid Phosphate 13.00

Cotton Brand Acid Phosphate 13.00

Almont Acid Phosphate 12.00

Cotton Brand Acid Phosi)hate 12.00

Almont Acid Phosjihate and Potash 10.50

Almont Wheat Mixture 10.00

Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00

Cotton Seed Meal Standard Guano 9.00

Truck Farmer's Special Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Cotton Brand Ammoniated Dissolved Boue 8.00

Old Kentucky High Grade Tobacco Manure 8.00

Cotton Belt Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Carolina Golden Belt Ammoniated Guano for Tobacco 8.00

Powers' Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Gibl>s' Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Almont Soluble Ammoniated (iuano 8.00

Cotton Seed Meal Soluble Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Eagle Island Ammoniated Guano 8.00

Peanut Grower 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

. . . .

2.00

4.12

5.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

2.00

1.00

4.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

3.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

....

4.00

5.76

7.00

4.11

8.00

5.76

6.00

5.76

5.00

1.65

6.00

8.23

2.50

1.65

2.00

2.47

3.00

1.00

4.00

2.47
3.29
3.29
2.47
2.47
2.06
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.00

1.50
3.00
2.00
2.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
1.50
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00

The Bulletin

79

A vailahle
Pho.1. Acid
Name of Brand Per Cent

SoiTHERX Chkmical Compaxy's

Comet Acid Phosphate 16.00

Click's 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Red Cross 14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Victor Acid Phosphate 13.00

Chatham Acid Phosphate 13.00

Reaper Grain Apjilication 12.00

Tar Heel Acid Phosidiate 12.00

Horse Shoe Acid Phosphate 12.00

Quick Step Bone and Potash 11.00

Solid South 10.00

Winner Grain Mixture 10.00

Farmer's Pride Bone and Potash 10.00

Winston Bone and Potash 10.00

Mammoth Corn Grower 10.00

Mammoth Wheat and Grass Grower 10.00

Sun Brand Guano 900

George Washington Plant Bed for Tobacco 8.00

George Washington Plant Bed for Tobacco 8.00

Pilot Animoniated Guano Special for Tobacco 8.00

Electric Tobacco Guano 8.00

Electric Standard Guano 8.00

Yadkin Complete Fertilizer 8.00

Click's Special Wheat Compound 8.00

J. G. TiNSLEY Company's

Powhatan Acid Phosphate 14.00

Dissolved S. C. Bone 13.00

Stonewall Brand Acid Phosphate 12.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Richmond Brand Guano 8.00

Peanut Grower 8.00

Killinkinuick Tobacco Mixture 8.00

Lee Brand Guano 8.00

Stonewall Guano 8.00

Stonewall Tobacco Guano 8.00

Special Irish Potato Guano 6.00

7 Per Cent Ammoniated Guano for Truck 6.00

Irish Potato Guano 6.00

Strawberry Grov^'er 6.00

Top Dresser 5.00

10 Per Cent Truck Guano 5.00

Appomattox Standard Tobacco Grower 8.00

Powhatan Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Peruvian High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

S. W. Traveks & C()'.s

Champion Acid Phosphate 16.00

Dissolved Bone Phosphate 14.00

Standard Dissolved S. C. Bone 13.00

Capital Dissolved Bone 12.00

Cai)ital Bone and Potash Compound 10.00

Capital Truck Fertilizer 8.00

Capital Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Big Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00

Capital Cotton Fertilizer 8.00

National Fertilizer 8.00

National Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Beef Blood and Bone Fertilizer 8.00

Peanut Grower 8.00

Nitr
Per

open
Cent

Potash
Per Cent

3.29
3.29
2.47
2.06
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.00

00

5.00

6.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

. ,

2.00

2.00

2.06 5.00

2.47 2.50

2.47 2.50

2.06 3.00

1.65 2.00

1.6

5 2.00

1.6

5 2.00

4.00

2.00

3.29

2.50

2.47

3.00

1.00

4.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

5.76

6.00

5.76

6.00

4.94

6.00

3.29

4.00

9.05

8.23

2.50

1.65

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00

80

The BuLLETiisr

Available

riios. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Special Wheat Compound 8.00

7 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer 6.00

National Tobacco Fertilizer 8.50

Virginia State Fertilizer Company's

Bull Run Acid Phosphate 16.00

Gilt Edge Brand Acid Phosphate 14.00

Clipper Brand Acid Phosphate 13.00

Lurich Acid Phosphate 12.00

Alps Brand Acid Phosphate 12.00

Mountain Top Bone and Potash 10.00

XX Potash Mixture 10.00

Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00

No. 1 Soluble Guano 9.00

Highland King 9.00

Game Cock Special Tobacco 8.50

High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

Bull Dog Soluble Guano 8.00

Dunnington's Special Formula for Tobacco 8.00

Peerless Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Buffalo Guano ..'. 8.00

Austrian Tobacco Grower 8.00

Gilt Edge Special Tobacco Guano 8.00

Virginia State Guano 8.00

Battle Axe Tobacco Guano 8.00

Gilt Edge Brand Dissolved Bone and Potash 8.00

Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company'.s

17 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 17.00

16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

14 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 14.00

Special High Grade Potash Mixture 12.00

12-4 'Grain Grower 12.00

High Grade Potash Mixture 12.00

Special Crop Grower 12.00

Grain Special 10.00

Standard Bone and Potash 10.00

Special Potash Mixture . . '. 10.00

Dissolved Bone and Potash 10.00

Vececo Cotton Grower C. S. M 9.00

Cotton Grower 9.00

Farmer's Choice 8.00

Special 8.00

High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Monarch Brand 8.00

Corn and Peanut Special 8.00

Special Peanut Grower 8.00

Peanut Grower .' 8.00

Potash Mixture for Peanuts 8.00

Konqueror High Grade Truck Fertilizer 7.00

Pasquotank Trucker 7.00

Invincible High Grade Fertilizer 6.00

Kitt.vhawk Truck Fertilizer 6.00

Dewberrj- Special 4.00

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Fish Scrap 4.00

Muriate of Potash

Suliihate of Potash

Manure Salt - ■ ....

Kainit

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

• • • •

4.00

5.76

5.00

1.85

2.25

1.65
1.65
1.65

2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.06
2.06
2.06
1.65
1.65

2.26
2.26
3.29
3.29
2.47
1.65
1.65
1.00
.82

4.11
3.29
4.11
4.11
6.58
20.59
14.81
8.23

5.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00

6.00
4.00
5.00
3.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
10.00
5.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
5.00
8.00
7.00
7.00

48.00
48.00
20.00
12.00

The Bulletin

81

A vailable

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Gent

Blood

Floats 27.00

12 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 12.00

13 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 13.00

Electric Grain and Grass Grower 8.00

Crescent Potash Mixture 10.00

Peerless Corn, Wheat and Grass Grower 8.00

Monarch Wlieat and Grass Grower 8.00

Valley Pride 8.00

Truck Crop Fertilizer 7.00

Enterprise High Grade 8.00

Potash Potato Producer 7.00

Formula 44 for Bright Wrappers and Smokers 7.00

Plant Bed and High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer 7.00

Special Truck Guano 6.00

High Grade Top Dresser 4.00

10 Per Cent Top Dresser E.x-tra High Grade 4.00

Special Top Dresser

Johnson's Best 20.00

Sludge Acid Phosphate 14.00

Goodman's Special Potash Mixture 12.00

Home Comfort Acid Phos)ihate 12.00

Virginia 11-5 Bone and Potash 11.00

Ideal Crop Grower 10.00

Sovereign Crop Producer 10.00

Ford's Wheat and Corn Guano 10.00

Great Texas Cotton Grower Soluble Guano 9.00

Jeffrey's High Grade Guano 9.00

X. and R.'s Best 9.00

Battle's Crop Grower 12.00

Southern Cotton Grower C. S. M 9.00

Best's Special Cotton Grower 9.00

Powell's Special High Grade C. S. M 9.00

Prolific Cotton Grower C. S. M 9.00

White Stem C. S. M 9.00

Standard Cotton Grower C. S. M 9.00

Bumper Crop Grower 9.00

Cuban Special Mixture 9.00

Cock's Soluble High Grade Animal Bone 9.00

No. 923 Guano 9.00

Reliable Cotton Brand Fertilizer 9.00

North State Guano C. S. M 9.00

Bigelow Crop Guano 9.00

Bernhardt's Grain and Croi> Guano 9.00

McCormick's Wheat and Grain Guano 9.00

Farmer's Friend Favorite Fertilizer Si)ecial 8.50

Xowell & Richardson's Special 8.00

Farmer's Success 8.00

Powhatan Crop Mixture 8.50

Pelican Peruvian Guano. Pelican Truck Grower and To))

Dresser 8.00

Muse's Special 8.00

Croom's Crop Grower for All Crops 8.00

John F. Croom & Bro. Fish and Meal Mixture 8.00

Fish and Meal Mixture 8.00

Carr's Crop Grower 8.00

Lion High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Croom's Special Cotton Fertilizer Fish and Meal Mixture. . . . 8.00

Menhaden Fisli and Meal Mixture 8.00

Best's High Grade Cotton and Tobacco Guano 8.00

Diamond C. S. M. Guano 8.00

6

Nitrogen
Per Cent

13.18

Potash
Per Cent

1.00

4.00

5.00

1.00

4.00

1.00

7.00

1.65

4.00

4.11

7.00

3.29

11.00

3.29

8.00

2.55

3.20

2.26

6.00

4.11

7.00

6.17

2.50

8.23

4.00

7.40

3.00

4.94

6.00

5.00

5.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

.82

2.50

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

3.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

3.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.06

5.00

1.85

4.00

1.85

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

3.00

1.65

1.00

.82

3.00

.82

3.00

.82

3.00

1.65

2.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

4.00

1.65

1.50

4.11

5.00

3.70

7.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

82

The Bulletin

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

Jumbo Peruvian Guano (Jumbo Crop Grower) 8.00

Oldham's Special Compound for Tobacco (High Grade) .... 8.00

Blake's Best 8.00

Royal High Grade Fertilizer 8.00

Special High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer C. S. M 8.00

Adams' Special 8.00

Peruvian High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

Red Cliff High Grade Cotton Grower 8.00

Zeno Special Compound for Tobacco, High Grade 8.00

Gold Medal High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00

Atlas Guano C. S. M 8.00

3 Per Cent Special C. S. M. Guano No. 3 8.00

Pace's Special 5 Per Cent Potato Guano 8.00

The Harvester 8.00

Pinnacle Grain Grower 8.00

Pure Raw Bone, Total A. P 20.60

Dissolved Animal Bone, Total A. P 13.00

Myatt's Special High Grade Fertilizer 8.00

Admiral C. S. M 8.00

Good Luck C. S. M 8.00

Split Silk C. S. M 8.00

Orange Grove Guauo 8.00

Delta C. S. M. Guano 8.00

Royal Crown 8.00

Blue Star C. S. M 8.00

Superlative C. S'. M. Guano 8.00

Smith's Irish Potato Guano 8.00

Winston Special for Cotton 8.00

Diamond Dust C. S. M 8.00

Plant Food C. S. M 8.00

Wilson Standard C. S. M 8.00

Ajax C. S. M. Guano 8.00

Farmer's Favorite Fertilizer C. S. M 8.00

Jones' Grain Special 8.00

Virginia Bone Special 8.00

Potato and Cabbage Special 8.00

Moneymaker for Cabbage and Potatoes 6.00

3-8-3 Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00

Long Leaf Tobacco Grower 8.00

3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Grain Mixture 9.00

Special Wheat Compound 8.00

8-5 Potash Mixture 8.00

Wythe County Potash Mi.xture 12.00

Climax Potash Mixture 16.00

Electric High Grade Special 10.00

Excelsior High Grade Special 8.00

Dewberry Special Extra High Grade 4.00

Special Grain Mixture 10.00

Concentrate Ammoniated 16.00

Concentrate Bone and Potash 20.00

Concentrate Acid Phosphate 24.00

Cotton Seed Meal

Maultsby's Fish Guano 8.00

Special Mi.xture 8.00

Best's High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00

Boon's Favorite 8.00

Blake's High Grade Cotton and Tobacco Guano 8.00

Old Dominion S)i('cial Mixture for Tobacco 8.00

Westficld High Grade Special Tobacco Grower 9.00

Gray Soil Si»ecial High Grade Tobacco Grower 9.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.50

2.47

2.00

1.65

5.00

.82

3.00

.82

3.00

3.71

....

2.06

....

2.47

3.00

2.47

2.50

2.47

2.50

2.47

2.50

2.26

2.50

2.26

2.50

2.26

2.00

2.06

3.00

2.06

3.00

1.65

10.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00,

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

....

4.00

1.65

5.00

1.65

10.00

1.65

10.00

2.47

3.00

3.29

5.00

2.47

3.00

1.03

2.00

• ■ • •

4.00

....

5.00

....

3.00

2.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

5.00

6.58

4.00

1.65

5.00

3.29

4.00

4.00

6.15

1.65

3.00

2.47

6.00

2.47

7.00

1.65

5.00

2.47

3.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

\itrof;cn
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

2.00

2.47

3.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

5.00

.82

2.00

The Bulletin 83

Available

Phos. Acid

Xnme of Bi-and Per Cent

Alliance Acid Phosphate 16.00

Alliance Grain Fertilizer 8.00

Alliance Special Fertilizer 8.00

Alliance High Grade Manure 8.00

Clinton Special High Grade 5.00

Baltimore Sjx'cial :Mixture 9.00

Star Brand Ground Slag (Total A. P.) 17.00 ....

Valentine Special 8.00 2.47 7.00

High Grade Southern Fertilizer Company's Scott's Cossypium

Phospho 10.00

Columbus Special Tobacco Guano 7.00

Formula 161 for Tobacco 8.00

5-6-7 Potato Fertilizer 5.00

5-6-5 Potato Fertilizer 5.00

Formula 101 Tobacco Mixture 8.00

6-4-7 Tobacco Mixture 6.00

Sir Walter Tobacco Mixture 4.00

Tilley's Special Tobacco Grower 10.00

Paschall's Top Dresser 9.50

Spring Dewberry Fertilizer 8.00

Butler's Special 6.00

8-4-7 Complete Fertilizer 8.00

Official High Grade 11.00

Morgan's Special 12.00

V. C. Vanorca Top Dresser 4.00

8-4-0 Amnion iated Su])erphosphatc 8.00

9-3-0 Ammoniated Sui)erphosphate 9.00

10-2-0 Ammoniated Superphosiihate 10.00

10-2.50-0 Ammoniated Superphosphate 10.00

10-3-0 Ammoniated Comiwund 10.00

10-4-0 Ammoniated Compound 10.00

10-5-0 Ammoniated Compound 10.00

12-2-0 Ammoniated Compound 12.00

Popular Grain Grower 9.00

Carolina Grain Special -. . . 9.00

Fall Crop High Grade Ammoniate 9.00

Durham Grain Application 10.00

Eureka Grain and Crop Grower 10.00

Piedmont High Grade Guano 10.00

Pride of North Carolina Guano 10.00

Plantation Special Mixture 10.00

Big Yield Crop Fertilizer 12.00

1231 Complete Fertilizer . 12.00

Hercules Guano 12.00

Duke Special F. and M. Mixture 9.00

Duke Excelsior Cotton Grower 9.00

Special Formula 8.00

12-2 Bone and Potash 12.00

Big Boss > 12.00

Big Chief 12.00

Gladiator High Grade Truck Fertilizer 7.00

V. C. Complete Fertilizer 8.00

Whitley's Special 9.00

V. C. Formula 101 Special for Cotton 8.00

Elliott's Special Fish Brand 8.00

Pish Compound 8.00

Mann's Special for Tobacco ' 8.00

Mann's Fish and Meal Guano 8.00

Hoffman's Special Guano 8.00

5 Per Cent Tobacco Guano 8.00

Sweepo Special 6.00

1.65

2.00

2.87

7.00

3.29

4.00

4.94

7.00

4.94

5.00

2.47

3.00

3.29

7.00

3.29

6.00

2.83

8.00

4.51

1.65 1

2.00

3.29

5.00

3.29

7.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

6.18

2.00

3.29

. . .

2.47

1.65

2.06

. . •

2.47

, . .

3.29

4.11

1.65

. . .

2.47

1.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

2.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.26

5.00

2.26

5.00

4.11 1

0.00

2.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

4.11

5.00.

3.29

6.00

3.29

4.00

2.47

3.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

3.00

2.47

3.00

3.29

2.00

2.47

5.00

1.65

5.00

84

The Bulletin

A vailahJe

Phos. Add

Name of Brand Per Cent

Titan Truck Fertilizer 7.00

Potash Special for Sweet Potatoes 8.00

Wheeler's Special Guano 8.00

Durham High Grade Top Dresser

V. C. Complete Top Dresser 4.00

Trojan Reliable Guano 12.00

Imperial Crop Producer 12.00

Planter's Reliable Guano 14.00

Southern Favorite 14.00

High Grade Ammoniated Compound 14.00

Eleven and One Bone and Potash. 11.00

Twelve and One Bone and Potash Mixture 12.00

Fidelity Grain Compound 12.00

Sovereign Bone and Potash 14.00

Tar Heel Bone and Potash Comijound 14.00

Best Yet Bone and Potash 14.00

V. C. 6-7-1 Special Truck Fertilizer 6.00

V. C. 7-5-1 Special Truck Fertilizer 7.00

V. C. 8-4-2 for Plant Beds Only 8.00

V. C. 8-4-0 Ammoniated Compound 8.00

V. C. 6-4-1 Complete Fertilizer 6.00

V. C. 8-3-2 for Plant Beds Only 8.00

V. C. 9-2 %-l Complete Fertilizer 9.00

V. C. 6-7-0 Compound Truck Fertilizer 6.00

V. C. 7-5-0 Compound Truck Fertilizer 7.00

Y. C. 8-4-1 Complete Fertilizer 8.00

Y. C. 6-4-2 for Plant Beds Only 6.00

V. C. 6-4-0 Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Y. C. 8-3-1 Complete Fertilizer 8.00

Y. C. 9-2% -2 for Plant Beds Only 9.00

Y. C. 8-2-2 for Plant Beds Only 8.00

A. A. Guano, Revised 8.00

Gold Medal Brand u-uano, Revised 8.00

Farmer's Friend High Grade Fertilizer, Revised 8.00

Richmond Brand Guano, Revised 8.00

Bull Dog Soluble Guano, Revised 8.00

Royal High Grade Fertilizer, Revised 8.00

Diamond C. S. M. Guano, Revised 8.00

Blake's Best C. S. M., Revised 8.00

Menhaden Fish and Meal Mixture, Revised 8.00

Groom's Special Cotton Fertilizer Fish and Meal Mixture,

Revised 8.00

Owl Brand Guano for Tobacco, Revised 8.00

Yellow Leaf Tobacco Grower, Revised 8.00

Amazon High Grade Special Guano, Revised 8.00

Bright Leaf Tobacco Gi'ower, Revised 8.00

Farmer's Friend Special Tobacco Fertilizer, Revised 8.00

Traver's Big Leaf Tobacco Grower, Revised 8.00

Oldham's Special Compound for Tobacco, Revised 8.00

Hyatt's Special High Grade Fertilizer, Revised 8.00

Gold Medal High Grade Tobacco Guano. Revised 8.00

Peruvian High Grade Tobacco Guano, Revised 8.00

Capital Tobacco Fertilizer, Revised 8.00

V. C. Special, Revised 8.00

Old Dominion Soluble Guano, Revised 9.00

Farmer's Friend Fertilizer, Revised 9.00

Queen of the Harvest C. S. M., Revised 9.00

Little Giant Grain and Grass Grower, Revised 9.00

Durham Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Old Dominion Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Y. C. Ammoniated. Compound 10.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

4.11

6.00

3.29

5.00

3.29

2.00

8.23

2.00

8.23

2.00

3.29

1.00

3.29

2.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.00

3.29

1.00

1.00

1.00

> < ■ ■

1.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

5.76

1.00

4.11

1.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

....

3.29

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.26

1.00

5.76

< < ■ >

4.11

....

3.39

1.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

....

2.47

1.00

2.26

2.00

1.65

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

3.29

2.00

3.29

2.00

1.65

l.OU

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

2.47

1.00

1.65

• ■ . •

1.65

1.65

• • ■ •

The Bulletin 85

Available

Phos. Acid

Xaxip of Brand Per Cent

Reliable Aninioniated Compound 10.00

Bone and Fish Ammoniated Compound 8.00

Quick Step Ammoniated Comiiound 8.00

Cotton Ammoniated Compound 9.00

Blue Ribbon Ammoniated Comiiound 9.00

Morgan's Ammoniated Compound 9.00

Victor Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Alpine Ammoniated Comjiound 10.00

Norfolk Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Farmer's Pride Annnoniated Comi)Ound 10.00

Almont Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Capital Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Planter's Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Monarch Ammoniated Compound 12.00

Harvester Ammoniated Compound 12.00

Travers' Ammoniated Compound 12.00

Eureka Ammoniated Compound 12.00

N. C. Ammoniated Com]iound 6.00

Alliance Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Trucker's Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Special Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Trucker's Special Ammoniated Comjjound ~7.00

Bumper Croj) Grower, Revised 9.00

V. C. Farmer's Choice, Revised 9.00

Excelsior Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Mammoth Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Powell's Special High Grade, Revised 9.00

Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Company's Oliver's Perfect

Wheat Grower, Revised 11.00

V. C. Special Grain Mixture, Revised 10.00

N. C. Farmer's Alliance Official, Revised 8.00

V. C. Farmer's Blend Fertilizer 9.00

V. C. Konqueror High Grade Truck Fertilizer, Revised 7.08

V. C. Formula Xo. 161 for Tobacco, C. S. M., Revised 8.00

Split Silk C. S. M. Guano, Revised 8.00

V. C. Farmer's Success C. S. M., Revised 8.00

Old Hickory Ammoniated Compound 10.00

Y. C. Peerless Brand Guano 8.00

O. D. 10 Per Cent Truck Fertilizer, Revised 5.00

Tinsley's-10 Per Cent Truck Guano, Revised 5.00

y. C. 6-5-0 Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

V. C. Dunnington's Special Formula for Tobacco, Revised . . 9.00

V. C. Delta C. S. M. Guano, Revised 8.00

V. C. Special H. G. Tobacco Fertilizer, C. S. M., Revised. . . 8.00

Y. C. Person County Special for Tobacco 8.50

Y. C. Mangum's Special for Tobacco 8.00

Wheeler's Special To]) Dresser 4.00

Wheeler's 6-4-0 Ammoniated Compound 6.00

Y. C.-C. Co.'s 4-10-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Y. C.-C. Co.'s 6-10-0 Top Dresser 6.00

Y. C.-C. Co.'s 8-5-0 Ammoniated Su])er]ihosphate 8.00

Tilley's Special Tobacco Grower, Revised 10.00

Y. C. Amazon H. G. Special Tobacco Guano, Revised 8.00

Y. C. 7-6-0 Ammoniated Superphosphate 7.00

Y. C. Ground Phosphate Rock (Total A. P.) 28.00

V. C. 4-6-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Y. C. 4-71/2-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Y. C. 4-8-0 Top Dresser 4.00

Y. C. Groom's Si)ecial Comi)ound 9.00

Y. C. Xorth Carolina Trucker 8.00

Y. C. 7-4-0 Ammoniated Compound 7.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

1.65

....

3.29

....

3.29

....

2.47

....

2.47

. . . ..

2.47

2.47

, .

2.47

.....

2.47

....

3.29

....

3.29

....

5.76

....

5.76

....

1.65

....

1.65

....

1.65

....

1.65

....

3.29

....

3.29

....

5.76

1.00

5.76

1.00

4.94

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

5.76

1.65

....

2.26

2.00

2.47

.82

1.00

2.06

2.00

1.65

1.00

4.11

1.00

3.29

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.06

3.29

1.00

8.23

2.00

8.23

2.00

4.11

• • . .

2.26

2.00

2.26

2.00

2.47

2.00

2.26

2.00

1.65

2.00

8.23

. . . .

3.29

• . • <

. 8.23

8.23

• . < •

4.11

• > > •

2.88

2.00

2.47

2.00

4.94

4.94

6.17

. . . .

6.58

3.29

4.11

1.00

3.29

. . . .

86 The Bulletin

AvaUttble

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

V. C. Carter's High Grade Top Dresser 2.00

V. C. Blue Bidge Ammonia Compound 10.00

V. C. 12-4-0 Ammoniated Compound 12.00

V. C. Ammoniated Superpliosphate Special 8.50

V. C. Wayne County Standard C. S. M 6.00

"V. C. 7-5-0 Ammoniated Superphosphate 7.00

Y. C. Special 3-9-0 Top Dresser 3.00

V. C. 12-3-0 Ammoniated Compound 12.00

V. C. 3-8-1 Top Dresser 3.00

V. C. 0-10-1 Top Dresser

Johnson's Improved Top Dresser 4.00

Y. C. 9-3.50-0 Ammoniated Compound 9.00

Y. C. Derby's Special 8.00

Y. C. 20 Acid Phosphate 20.00

Adams' Special Formula 8.00

J. J. White's Gold Eagle Brand 8.00

V. C. Special B. and B. Cotton Grower C. S. M 9.00

J. J. White's Gold Eagle Brand for Tobacco 8.00

Y. C. 7-5-2 Guano 7.00

Y. C. 6-5-2 Guano 6.00

V. C. 8-5-2 Guano 8.00

V. C. Buck Island Guai^o 9-00

Y. C. Red Land Crop Grower 10.00

Y. C. Truck Guano 7.00

Y. C. High Grade Tankage

Y. C. 6-5-1 Guano 6.00

V. C. 8-7-0 Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Tinsley's 8-5-0 Ammoniated Superphosphate 8.00

Tinsley's 6-5-0 Ammoniated Superphosphate 6.00

Y. C. P. G. Old Kentucky H. G. Tobacco Manure, Revised. . 8.00

Mann's Fish and Meal Compound 8.00

Y. C. 11-1-0 Ammoniated Compound 11.00

YENABLE FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Richmond, Y.\.

Available

Phog. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Yenable's Truck Special 7.00

Planter's Tobacco Special 8.00

Wrapper Tobacco Special 900

Yenable's Tobacco Special . 8.00

High Grade Tobacco Special 8.00

Yenable's High Grade Guano 8.00

No. 1 Tobacco Special 900

No. 2 Tobacco Special 9.00

Planter's Bone Fertilizer 8.00

Yenable's B. B. P. Manure 9-00

Planter's Bone Special 9.00

Ideal Corn Special 12.00

Yenable's Corn, Wheat and Grass Fertilizer 10.00

Yenable's Ammoniated Phosjdiate 10-4-0 10.00

Yenable's Ammoniated Phosphate 6-4-0 6.00

Yenable's Ammoniated Phosiihate 10-3-0 10.00

Yenable's Ammoniated Phosphate 10-2 »A-0 10.00

Yenable's Ammoniated Phosphate 12-2-0 12.00

Yenable's Ammoniated Phosphate 9-3-0 9.00

Yenable's Ammoniated Phosphate 8-4-0 8.00

Yenable's Ammoniated Phosphate 91^-2^^-0 9.50

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

7.40

1.00

1.65

....

3.29

....

2.88

....

2.47

2.00

4.11

. • ■ ■

7.40

• • J >

2.47

. . • •

6.58

1.00

8.23

1.00

8.23

2.88

....

4.94

3.00

2.06

3.00

2.47

3.00

2.26

2.00

2.47

3.00

4.11

2.00

4.11

2.00

4.11

2.00

2.47

2.00

1.65

....

4.94

2.00

8.23

4.11

1.00

5.76

....

4.11

4.11

....

2.47

2.00

3.29

....

.82

. . . .

Nitrogen
Per Ce7it

Potash
Per Cent

4.11

1.00

3.29

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

2.00

2.47

1.00

2.47

1.00

2.06

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

2.00

1.65

1.00

1.65

1.00

1.00

1.00

.82

1.00

3.29

3.29

....

2.47

2.06

. . .

1.65

2.47

....

3.29

2.06

The Bulletin"

87

Arailahle
Phos. Acid Xitroffen
Name of Brand Per Cent Per Cent

Planter's Bone Guano 10.00 1.65

Ideal Corn Guano 12.00 1.00

Ideal Crop Guano 11.00 .82

Venable's Best Acid Phosphate 16.00 ....

High Grade Acid Phosphate 14.00

Venable's Dissolved Bone 13.00 ....

Venable's Standard Acid Phosphate t 12.00 ....

Sulphate of Ammonia 19.75

Nitrate Soda 14.80

Venable's Top Dresser 4.00 8.23

Venable's 10 Per Cent Top Dresser 6.00 8.23

Special Top Dresser 7.40

Majestic Top Di-esser 4.00 6.17

Venable's 6-6-6 Manure 6.00 4.94

Venable's 5 Per Cent Trucker 8.00 4.11

Venable's 4 Per Cent Trucker 8.00 3.29

Venaljle's Sovereign Guano 8.00 3.29

Venable's Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 3.29

Venal)le's Carolina Favorite 9.00 2.47

Venable's Choice Fertilizer 8.00 2.47

Venable's High Grade Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 2.47

Venable's High Grade Cotton Grower 8.00 2.47

Venable's 3-9-3 Tobacco Fertilizer 9.00 2.47

Farmers' Union High Grade Tobacco Guano 8.00 2.47

Roanoke Meal Mi.xture 9.00 2.26

Roanoke Mixture 9.00 2.26

Venable's Roanoke Special 8.00 2.06

Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure No. 1 8.00 2.06

Venable's Cotton Grower 8.00 2.06

Our Union Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 1.65

Our Union Special Fertilizer 8.00 1.65

Venable's Meal Mixture 8.00 1.65

Venable's Ideal JIanure 8.00 1.65

Venable's Majestic Guano 9.00 1.65

Venable's Alliance Tobacco Manure No. 2 8.00 1.65

Farmers' Union Special Tobacco Fertilizer 8.00 1.65

Venable's Corn Special Fertilizer 12.00 1.00

Venable's Peanut Special 8.00 .82

Venable's Grain Special 8.00 .82

Venable's Wheat Grower 9.00 .82

Majestic Grain Guano 9.00 .82

Venable's Majestic Bone and Potash 12.00

High Grade Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 14.00

Venable's Alliance Bone and Potash Mixture 8.00

Venable's Peanut Grower 8.00 . .

Bone and Potash Mixture 10.00

Bone and Potash ilixture 12.00

Bone and Potash Mixture 11.00

Pure Raw Bone Meal 22.50 3.70

Pure Animal Bone 25.00 2.47

Potash
Per Cent

4.00
2.00
3.00
2.50
6.00
5.00
4.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
5.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
2.00
3.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
4.00
4.00
2.00
2.00
1.00

WULBERN FERTILIZER COMPANY,
Ch.\rleston, S. C.

Xante of B.rand

Available

Phos. Arid

Per Cent

Wulbern's Dissolved Bone 16.00

Xitroffen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

ss

The Bulletin

WINBORNE GUANO COMPANY,

Norfolk, Va.

Available

Phos. Acid

Name of Brand Per Cent

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Fish Tankage

High Grade 16 Per Cent Acid Phosphate 16.00

Special 2-8-2 Tobacco Gnano 8.00

Special 3-8-2 Tobacco Guano .* 8.00

Special 7 Per Cent Giiano 6.00

Special 5 Per Cent Guano 7.00

Special Triumph Guano 8.00

Special King Guano 9.00

Special Excelsior Guano 10.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent

Potash
Per Cent

15.00

....

8.20

1.65

2.00

2.47

2.00

5.75

4.10

3.30

2.47

1.65

T. \V. WOOD & SONS,

Richmond, Va.

Available

Phos. Acid

Xame of Brand Per Cent

High Grade Trucker Fertilizer 8.00

Market Grower Fertilizer 8.00

Vegetable Fertilizer 8.00

Potato Fertilizer 9.00

Grain and Grass Fertilizer 9.00

Corn Fertilizer 10.00

Wheat Fertilizer 10.00

Wood's Lawn Enricher 9.00

Wood's Pure Bone Meal 23.00

Standard Bone Meal 22.00

Acid Phosphate 14.00

Standard High Grade Acid Phosphate 16.00

Nitrate of Soda

Ground Basic Slag 17.00

Wood's Standard Vegetable Fertilizer 8.00

Wood's Standard Potato Fertilizer 8.00

Nitrogen
Per Cent
4.93
3.29
2.47
1.65
1.65
1.00
1.00
2.47
3.70
2.47

14.80

Potash
Per Cent

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

2.47
2.47

3.00
4.00

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 4

APRIL, 1917

Whole No. 231

COUNTY SOIL REPORT, No. 1

REPORT ON
MECKLENBURG COUNTY SOILS, AGRICULTURE

AND INDUSTRIES

NORTH CAROLINA

MAP SHOWING SOIL SURVEY AREA OF MECKLENBURG COUNTY

This work was done by the Division of Agronomy of the State Department of Agriculture
in cooperation with the Bureau of Soils of the Federal Department of Agriculture.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Raleigh

Edwaeds & Broughton Printing Company

State Printers

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham... Belhaven First District.

C. W. Mitchell ...Aulander Second District.

R. L. VVooDARD Pamlico.. ..Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. VV. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallitm Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright. Hunting Creek ...Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

J. Q. .\lexander Matthews Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

K. W. BARNES Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn. Bulletin Clerk.

B. W. KILGORE .State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL - Feed Chemist.

W. G. Hatwood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

D. M. McCarty Assistant Chemist.

F. C. Wiggins Assistant Chemist.

J. F. Hatch - Fertilizer Clerk.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. Brimley ..Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

R. W. Leiby Assistant Entomologist.

I. W. Hawley ..Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE -. Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT - Horticulturist.

B. SzYMONAiK ..Demonstrator Fruit and Truck Crops.

C. D. Matthews Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER ..Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

E. W. Thornton.. Assistant Chemist, DiWsion Food and Oil Inspection.

C. E. Bell Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

Leland B. Rhodes.. Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. B. WILLIAMS Chief, Division of Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer - Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate. Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters Plant Breeding.

•W. E. Hearn ..State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley .Soil Survey.

H. D. Lambert. Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS - Agronomist and Botanist.

C. H. Waldron ..Assistant Agronomist and Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher ..Assistant to Botanist.

Miss Alston Dargan Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

R. S. Curtis Associate in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton I Dairy Experimenter.

tALViN J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combes Assistant in Dairy Farming.

tJ. A. Arey Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. R. Farnham Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. T. Peden Beef Cattle.

Earl Hostetler Assistant in Beef Cattle and Swine.

tA. L. Jerdan. ...Beef Cattle.

tL. I. Case Assistant in Beef Cattle.

tJ. E. Moses ....Pig Clubs.

tA. G. Oliver Poultry Clubs.

IE. H. Mathewson .- Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

XT. E. Browne State Agent in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

IMrs. Jane S. McKimmon... State .\Kent in Charge Girls' Club.

Miss M. L. Jamison Assistant in Home Economics.

0. E. Clark. Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

R. G. Hii-L, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm. Willard, N. C.

.S. C. Clai'p, Assistant Director Buncombe Test Farm. Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

S. C. Clapp, Assistant Director Transylvania Test Farm, Blantyre, N. C.

•Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigncd by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

West Ealeigh, N. C, March 23, 1917.
SiK :— Herewith I transmit a Report on the Soils, Agriculture, and
Industries of Mecklenburg County. The data on the soils included in
the report were gathered in a systematic soil survey of the county made
in 1910 in cooperation with the Bureau of Soils of the United States
Department of Agriculture. .

In the recommendations with reference to the soils and their plant-
food requirements, we have been largely guided by the results scured in
carefully conducted soil-type field experiments in Mecklenburg and ad-
joining counties.

I would recommend that this report be issued as County Report,
]Sro. 1. Respectfully submitted,

C. B. Williams,
ApproA'ed : Chief, Division of Agronomy.

W. A. Graham.

Commissioner of Agriculture.

REPORT ON MECKLENBURG COUNTY SOILS,
AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRIES

By C. B. Williams, W. E. Heaen, J. K. PtuMiiEE, and W. F. Pate.

Mecklenburg County lies on the southern boundary in the western
part of J^orth Carolina. It is bounded on the north by Iredell County,
on the east by Cabarrus and Union counties, on the south by Union
County and South Carolina, and on the west by South Carolina and
Gaston and Lincoln counties, which are separated from Mecklenburg
by the Catawba River. The county is very irregular in shape. In ex-
treme dimensions it is 36 miles from north to south and 27 miles from
east to west, and contains 543 square miles, or 347,520 acres.

i:i',. i. niiuwiuii the geutly rolling nature of the soils of the county.

TOPOGRAPHY

The topography or general surface features of Mecklenburg County
consist dominantiy of a series of gently rolling to almost level inter-
stream areas, which become more rolling, broken and hilly as the large
streams are approached. Some of the more level and undulating areas
are situated to the south of Shopton, where a basinlike area is developed ;
others are to the southwest of Providence. The level to gently rolling
interstream areas are numerous throughout the county, but some of the

6 The Bulletin

more important ones lie between Matthews and Mint Hill, between
Charlotte and Davidson, around Sharon Church, south of Bethel Church,
and west of Hopewell Church. The more rolling, hilly, and uneven
surface areas are developed on the bluffs along the Catawba Eiver,
south of Clarke Creek, along "the Cabarrus-Mecklenburg line to Pine
Eidge, and north of Mallard Creek and near many of the larger streams.
In the latter localities, especially along the Catawba Eiver and some of
the larger streams, erosion has been very pronounced, resulting m the
formation of gullies and deep ravines.

ELEVATIONS

The elevation above sea level varies considerably in different parts of
the county. There is more than 300 feet difference between the bottom-
lands along the Catawba Eiver on the South Carolina county line and
the high uplands near Davidson. The elevation on the Catawba Eiver
along the north boundary of the county is 710 feet. At the south
boundary it is 520 feet; at Thompson's Store 765 feet; at Charlotte 75t)
feet; at Juneau 574 feet, and at Pineville 570 feet above sea level.

DRAINAGE

The general slope and drainage of the county is to the south and
southwest, except along the eastern border, where it is to the east toward
Eocky Eiver. There is a ridge which extends from the northern bound-
ary toward Derita, thence to Hickory Grove Church, and on by Mint
Hill. All of the water east of this ridge flows into Eocky Eiver, and
all to the west and south of it, which includes the greater portion of the
county, flows west and south, emptying directly or indirectly into the
Catawba Eiver.

The Catawba Eiver flows south along the western border of the county,
and falls 190 feet between the northern end and the southern boundary
of the county. All the western, central, and southern portions are
drained by this river and its principal tributaries: the Davidson, Mc-
Dowells, Long, Paw, Steele, Little Sugar, Sugar, Brier, McMullen, Mc-
Alpine, and Four-mile creeks. Along the northeast corner flows the
Eocky Eiver, and the principal tributaries entering it are the "West
Branch, Eocky Eiver, Clarks, Mallard, Back, Eeedy, and Clear creeks.
These streams, together with their numerous tributaries in the form of
branches and streamlets, ramify all portions of the county so thoroughly
that practically every farm is directly connected with one or more
natural drainage ways. The larger streams have cut deep, narrow val-
leys flanked by rather steep slopes. These streams are fairly swift flow-
ing and are still cutting their channel in an endeavor to reach sea level.
Considerable water-power can be develo]ied along the rivers and some of
the creeks, and even now some of the gristmills and cotton gins are
operated by water-power, while cotton mills are being run by water-
power along the Catawba Eiver.

The Bulletin

SETTLEMENT

Mecklenburg Comity Avas foniied in 1702, being hirgely settled by
Scotch, with some Irish, Germans, and English. From Pennsylvania
and Virginia came the Scotch and Irish and then the Germans. From
Charleston and Georgetown, South Carolina, came the English. ,Other
English settlers also came from eastern ISTorth Carolina. The people of
the county are intelligent, labor-loving, industrious, and patriotic. They
early felt their oppression by the English Crown, and a band of them
organized and declared war against the English Government. As a
result of this the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was adopted
and signed May 20, 1775, more than one year prior to that promulgated
by the Congress at Philadelphia, July 4, 1776. The people of Mecklen-
burg celebrate this event annually on May 20, and this day is a State
holiday. Excepting the city of Charlotte, the population is w^ell dis-
tributed throughout the county. There are, however, some large tracts
which are undeveloped and some abandoned old fields Avhich could be
divided and converted into a productive condition. The county, though
one of the most populous in the State, could easily support several times
the present population. Throughout the county there are a large num-
ber of college graduates who are farming according to the latest and
most scientific methods. The results secured by these men are indicative
of what the soils are capable of producing and, at the same time, give
encouragement to the remaining farming classes.

INDUSTRIES

The industries in Mecklenburg County are numerous and varied.
There are twenty cotton mills in operation in the county. Charlotte is
the center of the textile industry of the United States. Within a radius
of 100 miles are to be found more than three hundred cotton mills con-
taining more spindles and more looms than anywhere else in the world.
Within a radius of 50 miles of Charlotte are located four immense
hydro-electric plants generating a total of more than one-fourth million
ele(i^ric horse-power. Electricity is being transmitted not only all over
the county, but throughout a large part of this section in JSTorth Caro-
lina, and many of the cotton mills and other manufactories are operated
by this ]iower. Other manufactories too numerous to mention are oper-
ated in Charlotte.

RAILWAY, TRACTION, AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Mecklenburg County is favored with excellent railroad facilities. The
county-seat, Charlotte, is one of the leading railroad centers of the South,
having four railway lines entering the city, affording both fast freight
and passenger service. More than sixty passenger trains arrive and
leave Charlotte within the day, while fast through freight service is
maintained on all lines entering the city. The main line of the Southern

8

The Bulletin

.:»---J^^ &-<

Fig. 2. Drainage ditch with coin in tlie background meadow land.

■SSS-.

Fia. 3. Corn on drained meadow land. Three years previous was waterlogged valley.

The Bulletin 9

Railway from Washington to xVtlanta and the Seaboard Air Line from
Wilmington to Rutherfordton pass through the county. The jSTorfolk
Southern enters the county from the east and the Piedmont Northern,
a traction line, enters from the west.

In 1884 the building of macadam roads was begun, and now there are
more than 225 miles of Avell-graded and macadamized roads within its
borders. It has been one of the foremost counties in the good roads
movement in the South. Most of these roads radiate from Charlotte
and traverse all sections of the county. In some instances, cross links
have been constructed.

TOWNS

Charlotte, the county-seat of Mecklenburg County, had a population
of 34,104, according to the 1910 census, but the growth of this city has
been rapid in the last five years and it now probably has a population
around 50,000. Davidson, Huntersville, Cornelius, Pineville, and Mat-
thews are towns having a population from 500 to 1,500.

The county is well supplied with good schoolhouses and many fine
churches. A large number of beautiful country homes are seen. Rural
free delivery covers all parts of the county thoroughly and telephone
lines connect nearly every home with the city of Charlotte and the out-
side world.

Charlotte is the general market for the products of the farm. Cotton
finds a ready sale here and at the various cotton mills throughout the
county. There is a great demand by the residents of Charlotte and
those living in the smaller towns for butter, milk, eggs, chickens, fruits,
and the general market garden products. The demand for these products
far exceeds the supply, and excellent opportunities are offered to those
who would engage in truck farming, dairying, or poultry raising.

CLIMATE

The Weather Bureau has a station located in Charlotte, from the
records of which the data given in the appended table have been com-
piled. An examination of these records Avill reveal the fact that the
rainfall, ranging from 35 to 68 inches annually, is ample and is well
distributed throughout the year. There need never be a crop failure on
account of inadequate rainfall if conditions continue as favorable in the
future as they have in the past. The range in temperature is from
102° F. on the hottest day to — 5° F. for the coldest winter day, with
an annual mean temperature of 60° F. The spring and fall months are
ahnost ideal for farm work, while the summers are not excessively hot
nor the winters extremely cold.

The average date of the last killing fi'ost in the spring is April 1, and
of the first in the fall is November 4. This gives a growing season of
about 215 days — a sufficiently long time for the production of a ^x\de
range of crops.

10

The Bulletin

Mecklenburg County, owing to its high elevation, topography, and
good surface drainage, and also to the fact that good spring and well
water can be had in all parts of the county, possesses a healthful and
invigorating climate. Around many of the farm houses excellent sani-
tary precautions are taken, and as a result cleanliness and neatness pre-
vail. Some, however, pay too little attention to these matters.

The following table gives the salient features of climatic data in
detail :

NORMAL MONTHLY, SEASONAL, AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITA-
TION AT CHARLOTTE.

Temperature

Precipitation

Month

Mean

Absolute
Maximum

Absolute
Minimum

Mean

Total

Amount

for the

Dry est

Year

Total

Amount

for the

Wettest

Yeac-

Snow,

Average

Depth

°F.
43
41
44

"F.

76
77
79

"F.
—5
—1
— 5

Inches
3.8
4.3
4.6

I?iches
1.9
2.3
5.4

Inches
5.7
7.6
6.4

Inches
2.2

January. _

1.9

Februarv

2.9

Winter

43

12.7

9.6

19.7

7.0

March .

51
59
69

85
94
97

14
26
38

4.8
3.4
3.9

1.6
1.9
1.7

9.2
5.4
4.8

.6

April

.1

May. -

.0

Spring

60

12.1

5.2

19.4

.7

June

76
79

77

102
102
100

45
55
53

4.6
5.3
5.2

3.4
6.4
1.0

9.5
7.9
2 1

.0

July

.0

.0

SuTTiTner

77

15.1

10.8

19.5

.0

September .

72
61
51

99
92
80

38
30
18

3.3

3.4
3.0

4.7
1.0
3.7

3.6
1.5

4.7

.0

October

T.

November

T.

Fall

61

9.7

9.4

9.8

T.

Year

60

102

—5

49.6

35.0

68.4

7.7

AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS

The value of farm property in Mecklenburg County at the last census
period was over $15,000,000. This was an increase of 135 per cent over
the previous census. The farm property values are distributed as fol-
lows :

Land 69.1 per cent

Buildings 18,3 per cent

Implements and machinery 3.0 per cent

Domestic animals 9.6 per cent

The Btlletin 11

Eighty-three and three-tenths per cent of the land area is in farms.
Fifty-six per cent of the farm Land is improved. The average size of
farms is 71.7 acres. The popuhttion in 1910 was 67,031.

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

The first Umd grants for the territory nOAv inckided in Mecklenburg-
County date back to 1749. The early settlers began to produce small
grain, corn, hogs, cattle, -tind sheep. Flax, indigo, and some tobacco for
home use were also grown. Between 1782 and 1795 considerable areas
of cotton were planted. Cattle raising became of more importance, and
most of the animals were driven to Charleston. According to the early
history, the period between 1800 and 1810 was one of the most prosper-
ous prior to the Civil War. Mecklenburg was the leading county in
Xorth Carolina in the development of cotton growing.

Large plantations were the rule, and these ranged in size from 2,000
to 5,000 acres. Land was plentiful and cheap and the planter did not
give much attention to intensive farming or to the building up of the
soil, and when a field began to show a decided decline in yields it was
abandoned or turned .out and a new field cleared to take its place. On
some of the uplands wild pea vines and grasses flourished, and this
afforded excellent grazing for cattle and sheep. Immediately after the
Civil War Mecklenburg County was favored by home-seekers. Money
was scarce and the people through necessity began to increase the acre-
age devoted to cotton, the money crop, and from 1865 to 1880 the num-
ber of bales of cotton produced had increased from 6,000 to 19,000.

PRESENT AGRICULTURE

The agriculture of Mecklenburg County consists at the present time
in the production of cotton, corn, oats, crimson clover, cowpeas, wheat,
rye, market gardening, and dairying.

Cotton, being the principal money crop, is the most important crop
grown, being more than 35 per cent of all the crops. Its production is
distributed throughout the county upon practically all of the upland
soils. The yields under normal conditions range from one-fourth to
more than one bale per acre.

Corn, comprising almost 24 per cent of the cultivated land of the
county in crops, is the second crop of importance, and is grown to more
or less extent on every type of soil throughout the county. The average
yield is about 20 bushels, although 40 to 50 bushels can be obtained by
proper methods of preparation, cultivation, and liberal fertilization.
Frequently as much as 75 bushels per acre have been obtained. The
corn grown in Mecklenburg County is used principally as the subsist-
ence crop for work stock and hogs. The amount grown is insufficient
to meet the local demands throughout all parts of the county, to say
nothing of the demand of the cities.

12

The BuLLETiiir

Oats rauk third in importance. The yields range from 15 to 40
bushels per acre for seed oats. The acreage devoted to wheat has mate-
rially decreased during the past decade. Crimson clover is grown to a
limited extent, and when cut for hay yields from 1 to 1^/2 tons per acre.
Cowpeas, too, are grown to some extent on practically every farm,
and when the vines are cut for hay about 1 to l^/^ tons per acre is

Fio. 4. Showing native forest.

secured. Frequently about one gallon of sorghum cane seed is sown
with the peas. The Whip-poor-will and Iron cowpeas seem to be the
favorite variety as the latter is somewhat immune to diseases. Johnson
grass is grown in the southern part. Some alfalfa is grown with
success and small fields of rape are cultivated.

Since 1910 there has been a revival in the sowing of wheat, and
within the last two or three years considerable acreage has been devoted
to this crop. The yields range about 8 to 15 biLshels per acre, with

The Bulletin 13

yields of 30 bushels being recorded. Small acreages are usually sown to
rye, but most of this crop is either pastured or turned under as a soil
improver and no yields of grain were secured.

Dairying and market gardening are carried on in the vicinity of
Charlotte for the purpose of supplying, in part, the local demand for
these products. Seven creamery routes ship about 8,000 pounds of
butter fat per month. There is probably 10 per cent more live stock in
the county now than in 1910. Poultry raising on a small scale is
carried on and brings in a considerable revenue to farmers.

In addition to the products just enumerated there is grown a con-
siderable quantity of sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, cabbages, and other
vegetables, a few strawberries and some peanuts. Watermelons and
cantaloupes are grown commercially in a small way and are ready
money crops. Patches of sorghum are grown and manufactured into
sirup for home use. Around nearly every farm are found a few apple
trees, peaches, pears, and occasionally cherries and figs. Hogs for sup-
plying needs of the homes are raised on most every farm, and occa-
sionally some are sold at the local markets.

RECOGNITION GIVEN ADAPTATION OF SOILS

It is generally recognized by the farmers that the meadow or bottom-
lands along the streams are especially suited to the production of corn,
while the Congaree fine sandy loam produces extra large watermelons.
They recognize that the Durham sandy loam and the lighter areas of
the Cecil sandy loam are well adapted to sweet potatoes, peanuts, and
early truck crops, while strawberries, cabbage, Irish potatoes, sweet corn,
and tomatoes do best on the slightly heavier soils. It is also recognized
that the Cecil clay loam, Iredell loam, and the Mecklenburg clay loam
soils are well suited to the growing of cotton, corn, wheat, oats, and
clovers. The Iredell and Mecklenburg soils are especially well suited
to Johnson grass, and the Iredell loam especially to oats. Around Rock
Hill, South Carolina, across the State line, the red clay of the Mecklen-
burg soils is used for the production of alfalfa on a commercial scale,
and is a profitable crop.

PREPAEATION AND CULTIVATION OF SOILS

In recent years there has been considerable improvement made in the
preparation of land. Many farmers, however, plow their land shallow
and do not produce the mellow seed-bed before the crops are planted.
The best farmers now plow their land fairly deep, harrow it two or
three times, and give the crops from three to five cultivations. Some
disk the corn land and drill in the wheat. Many others break this land
to a depth of 5 to 8 inches, harrow until it is pulverized finely, then
drill in the wheat. The crimson clover is either sown in the fall alone ;
at the first picking of cotton ; or at the last cultivation of corn.

14 The Bulletin

equipment

As a rule, the farm equipment is good — that is, it consists of good
work stock, improved plows, cultivators, harrows, mowing machines,
rakes and other labor-saving implements. The farm buildings in many
cases are large and well constructed and suitable for housing the grain
and hay and sheltering the live stock.

IMPORTATION OF FOOD AND FOODSTUFFS

According to the 1910 census over four million dollars was spent by
the people of Mecklenburg County for provisions. Of this amount the
farmers themselves spent $1,800,000. The principal imports in the way
of foods and feeds into the country are meat, corn, hay, butter, eggs,
chickens, and canned goods. A county like Mecklenburg, which has in-
herently rich soils capable of being built up to a high state of productive-
ness and which is favored with an excellent climate, should grow all of
the home supplies and an excess sufficient to meet much of the demands of
the city of Charlotte. Instead of importing products, this county should
be ranked among the export counties of the State. Large quantities of
butter are shipped into Charlotte daily. This product could be pro-
duced easily in the county.

LABOR, SIZE, AND TENURE OF FARMS

Most of the labor by the day and by the month is supplied by the
colored race. In some parts of the county from $20 to $25 per month
is paid for farm help, while day laborers during the busy season usually
receive from $1 to $1.25 per day. Fifty cents per 100 pounds is paid
for the picking of cotton at the beginning of the season, but towards the
close from 60 cents to $1 per hundred is demanded.

A large percentage of the farms in Mecklenburg County are operated
directly by the owners, particularly in the Blackjack section. Some of
the land is leased for a cash rent, and some for a part of the crop, which
is usually one-third to one-fourth of the cotton and grain crops. The
share system is in use to some extent, and under this method the land-
owner furnishes the land, work stock, feed for stock, implements, and
one-half of the fertilizer, and receives one-half of all the crops pro-
duced. The land usually grows less productive under the renting system.

A few farms range in size from 300 to 600 acres, but the greater num-
ber of farms in the county contain from 50 to 200 acres, and often there
are many smaller holdings of 20 to 40 acres. The average size farm for
the county is about 72 acres.

Land values in Mecklenburg County are greatly influenced by the city
of Charlotte, its ready market for produce, and its system of macadam-
ized roads. The good roads have facilitated the mai'keting of farm
products and have advanced materially the value of rural property.

The Bulletin 15

Fuiiii lands in the vicinity of Charlotte are held at $150 to $500 an acre;
within G to 10 miles of the city the value ranges from $50 to $100; and
the rougher areas and those more remote from railronrls and markets
bring $20 to $50 an acre.

GEOLOGY AND ORIGIN OF SOILS

Mecklenburg County lies wholly within the piedmont plateau region,
which extends from the Hudson Kiver to east-central Alabama, attain-
ing its greatest width in ISTorth Carolina. The important geological
formations are the granites, gneisses, schists, diorites, mica diorites, and
gabbros. These rocks vary in their chemical and physical composition.
The disintegration and weathering of these give soils of different color,
structure, texture and varying in the elements of plant food. The soils
contain some of the same minerals as are found in the original rocks
from which the soils are derived. All of the upland soils are residual
in origin — that is, derived in places from the decay of the underlying-
rocks.

Extending across the north-central part of the county from the Ca-
tawba Kiver west of Spurrier to the Cabarrus line, light-colored coarse-
grained granite occurs. These are composed of orthoclase, feldspar,
quartz, and some mica, and in weathering form the Durham sandy loam
and part of the Cecil coarse sandy loam.

In the southern end of the county, in Steel Creek, Pineville and Provi-
dence townships, and on the northeast side between the County Home
and the Cabarrus County line and on the western border near Mount
Holly Ferry, the diorites, mica diorites, and gabbros are encountered.
These are dark green to slick black in color, massive rocks, and com-
posed of plagioclase, feldspar, hornblende, mica, apatite, and magnetite.
These rocks are seen on the surface in a few places, and generally the
rotten rock is reached at from 20 to 36 inches below the surface. The
Mecklenburg and Iredell soils have been derived from these rocks. The
Mecklenburg soils differ from the Iredell in having a redder color and
the oxidation of the minerals has proceeded further. In many places a
dark red soil is the result of better drainage and more thorough oxida-
tion.

Bordering the Union County line and extending in a narrow strip for
4 miles to the Cabarrus County line an area of slate rock is found,
which extends across several counties to the east and north. The
weathering of this slate gives a smooth floury soil classed as Alamance
silt loam.

By far the greater part of the county -is underlain by medium tex-
tured granites, gneisses, and to a less exteirt- by schists. The granites
are noticeable in the southwest corner of the county, easl of Davidson,
and through the centra:^ part around Charlotte. These rocks give rise
to the Cecil soils, and in many places the texture of the various soils is
due to surface erosion and to the carrying aAvay of the fine material by

16

The Bulletin

Fig. 5. Typical farm scene.

Fig. 6. Roads of this type have been constructed throughout the county.

The Bulletin

17

rain waters. The streams have made inroads into practically all of the
uplands, thus modifying the surface features and changing the texture
of the soils.

The level areas along the rivers, creeks, and branches mapped as
Congaree fine sandy loam and Meadow are of alluvial origin — that is,
have been formed and are at present being modified by materials washed
down and deposited by the streams.

The soils of Mecklenburg County, owing to the great variety of rocks
and the extent of surface erosion, are complicated. In many cases they
grade imperceptibly into one another, and some of the types are so
closely related that they could be separated only by boundaries more or
less arbitrarily placed.

The following table gives the name and extent of each of the soil
types mapped in Mecklenburg County :

AREA OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL.

Soil

Cecil clay loam

Cecil sandy loam

Cecil clay..

Cecil fine sandy loam...
Iredell fine sandy loam

Meadow

Iredell loam

Mecklenburg clay loam

Acres

Per Cent

131,136

37.7

67,648

19.5 1

39,168

11.3 !

22,272

6.4

17,472

5.0

16,320

4.7

14,592

4.2

14,016

4.0

Soil

Durham sandy loam.

Cecil coarse sandy loam ..

Mecklenburg loam

Congaree fine sandy loam
Alamance silt loam

Total

Acres

7,616
6.976
5,824
3,200
1,280

347,520

Per Cent

2.2

2.0

1.7

.9

.4

CECIL CLAY LOAM

The Cecil clay loam soil, locally known as "red land," occupies almost
two-fifths, or 131,136 acres, being by far the largest type in extent in
the county. It is an intermediate type, varying in texture and color be-
tween the red clay and the sandy loam. The surface soil consists of a
brown, reddish brown, to red loam or clay loam, having a depth of 4
to 8 inches. The subsoil is a red stiff clay extending to a depth usually
of several feet, being tough and hard when dry, but sticky when wet.
Patches of dark brown or snuff-colored loam, locally called "dead land"
or "push land," are common, and frequently spots of Cecil clay are de-
veloped, especially on its slopes where surface washing has been active.
This type includes patches of sandy loam and fine sandy loam and a few
areas with a shallow covering of an inch or two of sandy material.

The Cecil clay loam is the most important and by far the most exten-
sive soil type in Mecklenburg County. It is well represented in about
all parts of the county, but is more predominant through the central,
eastern, and northern parts where large irregular shaped and continuous
areas are encountered.

The characteristic surface features of the type vary greatly, consist-
ing mainly of practically level and gently rolling to rolling areas, though
2

18 The Bulletin

in some places they become hilly and broken. There are many level and
gently rolling interstream areas which lie well for farming operations,
but which become rough, hilly, and broken as the streams are ap-
proached. The many small streams having their source in this type
have cut deeply into the clay subsoil, and thus affected the topog-
raphy. The surface is sufficiently rolling to insure the best natural
drainage, except in a few slight depressions, and even these can be easily
drained by ditches or tile drainage. Terracing is practiced on the slopes
to prevent washing and gullying.

The Cecil clay loam has been formed from the disintegration and de-
composition of granites, gneisses, and schists. These rocks are com-
posed largely of feldspar, quartz, mica, and hornblende. The feldspar
forms the clay, the quartz is left as sand, the mica as small scales, while
the iron compounds have oxidized, giving the red color to the soil and
subsoil. The narrow quartz veins occasionally found in the subsoil and
the quartz fragments on the surface being harder have withstood the
forces of weathering. Perhaps 70 per cent of this type is cleared and
under cultivation and only patches of the original growth of white, post,
red, and chestnut oak, hickory, heart pine, some poplar, dogwood, sour-
wood, and cedar remain. Old field pine is commonly seen on abandoned
fields, which have reforested naturally.

The Cecil clay loam is particularly adapted to the production of
corn, cotton, wheat, oats, clover, cowpeas, and dairy farming near Char-
lotte; and the more sandy areas of the type to strawberries, potatoes,
cabbage, tomatoes, and truck crops, and also small fruit and tree fruit.
Cotton and corn are the two important crops, the corn being grown as
a subsistence crop for Avork stock and cotton being produced as a money
crop. Cotton yields from one-third to one bale per acre; corn from 15
to 35 bushels. As much as 60 to 75 bushels has been secured by deep
plowing, good cultivation, the growing of cowpeas, and a liberal appli-
cation of fertilizer. Wheat yields from 10 to 20 bushels, oats from 20
to 50 bushels, and cowpeas from 1 to 2 tons of hay or from 12 to 25^
bushels of shelled peas per acre. Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, cabbage,
tomatoes, sweet corn, turnips, beans, strawberries, and garden vegetables
are grown successfully both for market and for home use. Red clover,
crimson clover, vetch, and soy-beans are grown to a limited extent.
Some sorghum sirup is produced, and also small quantities of apples,
peaches, pears, cherries, and figs.

The Cecil clay loam should be plowed a little deeper each year until
a depth of 10 or 12 inches is secured. Plowing should preferably be
done in the fall, and with subsoiling occasionally practiced to break up
the compact subsoil. The type requires more harrowing than the lighter
types to give a fine seed-bed, and cultivation must be frequent in order
to prevent the formation of a crust and consequent loss of moisture. By
following these practices a deeper zone for root development is secured,
more plant food is made available, nnd a better supply of moisture main-
tained during dry seasons. Better internal drainage also will be estab-

The Bulletin

19

lished and will be an advantage in wet years. Moreover, deeper plow-
ing in the fall and the use of winter cover crops will prevent washing
on many of the slopes and largely eliminate the terracing now found
necessary.

The Cecil clay loam, owing to the higher percentage of sand, is more
friable, works up into a better tilth, and is more easily handled with
light implements, or even machinery, than the Cecil clay.

The cowpea vines, clover, or even the stubble of these crops or coarse
manures, would greatly benefit the soil. The type is susceptible of high
and lasting improvement, and by proper management its yields per acre
can, in many cases, be doubled or trebled. Rotation is an important
factor in such improvement. A practicable succession under existing
conditions, is corn the first year, sowing cowpeas at last cultivation ; then
oats or wheat, solving cowpeas again after harvesting ; cotton third year,
sowing crimson -clover after first picking of cotton. When the dairy
farming is extended around Charlotte more grasses, clovers, and ensilage
crops will be grown in the rotations.

This soil, as a rule, in order to give maximum yields, needs relatively
large applications of acid phosphate and considerable nitrogen. The
last can be advantageously secured by growing leguminous crops, with
only the phosphate and potash being purchased. The commercial mix-
tures used generally have the formula 8-2-2 or 8-3-3, of which the usual
applications for cotton and corn range from 200 to 400 pounds per acre.
The home mixture is also used by some on their soils and nitrate of soda
is applied to growing crops in the spring.

Land of the Cecil clay loam type varies greatly in price. Location
with respect to Charlotte and other markets is the chief factor deter-
mining values. Near the towns and along the railroads farms of this
type are worth from $35 to $75 an acre. In the vicinity of Charlotte
prices are higher, ranging from $75 to $300 an acre.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of the soil
and subsoil of the Cecil clay loam :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CECIL CLAY LOAM

#

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Arre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K5O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen
4N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PiOs)

Potash
(KiO)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface

lo„„ /

.053

.051

.439

.27

1035

996

8569

5270

Subsoil

r"'^- \ .021 .0856

1 1

.342

.195

1680

6848

27360

15C00

•The average chemical analyses herein reported are obtained from individual analyses of many
samples of each soil tj^pe. The average figures are trustworthy within certain limits. The probable
error for the methods used in determining the given constituents seem to be as follows: Nitrogen ± ,
.015%;P2O6 ±. .015%; K2O ±, .05%; and CaO ±, .05%.

20

The Bulletin
average mechanical analysis.

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium Fine ! Very Fine

Sand, ' Sand, ! Sand,
Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

1

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay.
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

1.6
.2

7.7
2.4

11.4 ' 22.6 9.1
3.2 8.9 2.8

27.3
40.3

20.4
41.8

CECIL SANDY LOAM

This soil, locally called "gray land," covers 67,648 acres, or about one-
fifth, of the county, being second in extent to the Cecil clay loam. The
surface soil consists of a light gray, yellowish gray to light brown
medium sandy loam, ranging in depth from 6 to 15 inches. The subsoil
is a red stiff clay usually extending to a depth of several feet. In local
spots the surface soil is deeper, lighter in texture, and of more open and
porous character; especially is this true of a part of the type around
Juneau and south of E'ewell. Included with the sandy loam are spots
of clay loam and fine sandy loam of insufiicient size to be represented
on soil map. Many of them are due to surface washing. A few quartz
fragments and occasionally granitic boulders are seen on the surface,
while a few small mica scales occur in both the soil and subsoil.

The Cecil sandy loam type is well distributed over the county in many
large irregularly shaped bodies. Some of the more prominent areas are
located in the southwest corner of the county on the Catawba River,
along the South Carolina line, to the southwest of Cornelius, about II/2
miles south of Huntersville, east of N^ewell, and in the neighborhood of
Hickory Grove Church. Other bodies occur in Charlotte Township,
around Juneau, Sharon Church, Providence, and in the southern ex-
tremity of the county in the vicinity of Kell School and Harrison
Church.

The type comprises level and gently rolling to rolling areas, becoming
more rolling and broken as the streams are approached. Many of the
broad interstream areas occur along the railroads and public roads, and
such areas have a very favorable topography for general farming. In
the southwest corner, along Catawba River, and in other places where
the type has been penetrated by streams, the surface is usually rolling,
broken, and somewhat rough. The open texture of the soil, coupled with
its rolling topography, insures for it excellent surface drainage. Eroded
and gullied areas are seen in places, and on some of the slopes and hill-
sides terracing is practiced to control erosion.

The Cecil sandy loam is a residual soil and owes its origin to the
weathering of granites, gneisses, and schists. Usually these rocks have
disintegrated to a considerable depth, but on some of the slopes soil
erosion has kept close pace with decomposition and the accumulation of
the subsoil has not been deep, the rock even outcropping in places on

The Bulletin 21

eroded hillsides. The several rock formations are composed largely of
feldspar and quartz, with some mica and hornblende. In some places
on the slopes and knolls the finer material has been carried away in
suspension by rainwater, leaving a looser and deeper layer of sandy
material.

A large percentage of this type has been cleared and is now under
cultivation, though a few bodies of merchantable timber exist. The
forest growth consists of white, red, and post oak, hickory, considerable
heart pine, and loblolly pine, together with a little poplar, sourwood,
dogwood, sweet gum, and cedar. The second growth is mainly old field
pine, interspersed with sweet gum, oak, and cedar.

The Cecil sandy loam in all its phases and variations is a mellow and
easily tilled soil, one which warms up early in the spring and which
invites the use of labor-saving machinery. It may be rightly termed
the main trucking soil of the piedmont plateau in Worth Carolina. It
could be used more extensively near Charlotte for the production of
market garden crops for the city market. This would be a profitable
business. The more sandy areas are peculiarly suited to the production
of early truck crops, and also sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, peanuts,
berries, melons, fruits, and tobacco, while the shallower and heavier
areas are well adapted to the growing of cotton, corn, oats, cowpeas, and
crimson clover.

Practically all crops common to the county are grown to a greater or
less extent. Cotton, however, is the principal crop. The yields range
from one-third to one bale per acre, averaging about two-thirds of a bale
with good cultivation and liberal fertilization. The big-boll varieties do
well on this type. Corn is the second crop in importance and its growth
is well distributed over the type, and yields from 12 to 20 bushels per
acre ordinarily, but by deeper plowing, more thorough cultivation, and
liberal fertilization or manuring, 40 to 60 bushels per acre may be easily
produced. Considerable areas of oats are sown, but only a little wheat.
Rye does well. Cowpeas are extensively grown, mainly for hay, and
from % ton to II/2 tons are secured per acre. Some peas are produced
for seed. Sweet potatoes yield from 100 to 300 bushels per acre. Fre-
quent patches and occasional small fields are devoted to peanuts. Sor-
ghum is grown to a limited extent for making sirup for home use. The
yield is not quite as large as on the heavier soils, but the quality is fine.
Watermelons make a strong growth, some of the melons weighing as
much as 80 pounds. Irish potatoes, cabbage, beans, cantaloupes, and
truck crops, such as tomatoes, lettuce, onions, strawberries, turnips,
radishes, and other garden vegetables, give good returns. Peaches, pears,
cherries, apples, and figs are commonly seen around the homes. A few
patches of alfalfa have been sown, and when inoculated, well manured,
and limed, and the soil finely pulverized to a depth of 8 to 12 inches,
good returns may be expected. Crimson clover is grown to some extent
and more should be sown.

22

The Bulletin

Fig.

7. Quarry from which rock is obtained for constructing concrete roads in the county.

"^r

Fia. 8. Prepared to store part of his crop for feeding purposes.

The Bulletin

23

The large yields of corn and cotton secured by the best farmers indi-
cate what this soil is capable of producing when properly prepared,
manured, and fertilized. The type can be easily improved, and the im-
provement made is quite lasting on account of the retentiveness of the
red clay subsoil. One of the essential needs of this soil is a larger quan-
tity of humus, and this can be supplied by growing cowpeas, crimson
clover, vetch or soy-beans and by applying stable manure. It would be
well, especially on the areas where the clay comes near the surface, to
plow the land deeper, to secure a finer seed-bed, to subsoil occasionally,
and to give the crops better cultivation generally. A systematic rota-
tion of crops, so as to include cowpeas and other legumes, would also aid
in building up this soil to a state of high productiveness.

The use of commercial fertilizers is more or less general. Mixtures
analyzing 8-2-2 or 8-3-3 are mainly used. Some farmers practice home
mixing of fertilizers, using cotton-seed meal, acid phosphate, and potash.
Applications of nitrate of soda are also made during the growing season
for cotton and corn. About 75 pounds per acre sown along the rows
early in July has been found profitable. ISTitrate of soda is also applied
with good results to wheat and oats in the spring.

Land of this type varies greatly in price in different sections of the
county. In the southwest corner the best improved land brings about
$40 an acre, the roughtest from $15 to $25, while near Charlotte good
areas of the type may be had from $60 to $100 an acre.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of the soil
and subsoil of the Cecil sandy loam :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CECIL SANDY LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
fN)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)'

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K:0)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ (: .027
Subsoil / ^'^"•t .023

.018
.020

1.40

2.85

.081
.121

550

1840

370

1600

28100
228000

1620
9640

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

5.0
3.3

19.4
9.2

19.3
6.5

23.9
8.6

6.9
2 3

19.7
25.6

5.7
44.5

24 The Bulletin

cecil clay

The Cecil clay, locally known as "heavy red clay land," comprising
39,168 acres, consists of a red or reddish clay loam or clay underlain to
a depth of several feet by a red stiff clay. The soil is hard and crumbly
when dry and plastic when wet. There are included with this type a
few spots of dark reddish brown clay loam called "sassafras land" or
"dead land," the last term referring to the difficulty which is experienced
in making it turn or slide off of the plow wing.

This Cecil clay occurs indiscriminately throughout the county. Its
greatest development is in Steele Creek and Charlotte townships, to the
east of Croft, just west of Huntersville, and along the Catawba River.
Other bodies are situated east of Davidson, near Wilson Grove Church,
Arlington, Amity and Doren's churches, while many smaller bodies and
patches are associated with the Cecil clay loam.

The surface features of this type vary from level and gently rolling
areas to hilly and broken areas near streams. The steep hillsides in
many places near the Catawba Eiver, particularly in the southwest part
of the county, have been cut in deep ravines and gullies. The surface
drainage is excellent, but the heavy clay does not allow the free and
rapid moj^rement of water downward. This is one reason for the severe
erosion on this soil, as much of the rainfall runs off the surface.

Much of the hardwood growth, consisting of white, red, and post oak
and hickory was fine merchantable timber and the greater part has
been cut. Most of the present second growth is usually old field pine,
cedar pine (pinus Virginianus) , sassafras bushes, and sweet gum. About
one-half of the Cecil clay is under cultivation.

The Cecil clay is inherently a strong soil, being one of the best soils
in the piedmont section of North Carolina for wheat, oats, and clover,
and also a fine soil for corn and cowpeas and other leguminous crops.
It is a grass and dairy farming soil. Large yields of wheat were secured
prior to the Civil War, and even now on this same soil in near-by coun-
ties from 20 to 44 bushels per acre are produced. The leading crops at
present are corn and cotton. The yields of corn range from 15 to 60
bushels and of cotton- from one-third to one bale per acre. Wheat is
gro^vn to a very limited extent. It yields from 15 to 30 bushels per acre.
From 20 to 60 bushels per acre of oats may be secured. In Rowan
County, North Carolina, as many as 115 bushels per acre have been
obtained on this soil. Cowpeas do well, yielding from 1 ton to 11/2 tons
of hay per acre. In addition to the general farm crops a few cabbage,
Irish potatoes, vegetables, sorghum cane, apples, pears, cherries, figs,
and peaches are grown. A number of grasses, such as orchard, Ber-
muda, and crab grass, do well.

Cotton is usually fertilized with 200 or 300 pounds of 8-2-2 or 8-3-3
fertilizers, or with a home mixture of acid phosphate, cotton-seed meal,
and kainit. Some barnyard manure is applied to the crops, particu-
larly in dairy districts.

The Bulletin

25

The producing power of the Cecil clay is practically never realized
under existing methods of handling it. Deeper plowing, more thorough
preparation of the seed-bed, the addition of humus, are essential for in-
creasing the productivity of this soil. The Cecil clay requires heavy
teams and strong equipment in the way of farming machinery for the
highest efficiency in crop production.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of the soil
and subsoil of this type :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CECIL CLAY.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of Bf Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Aoid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \„ / .071
Subsoil f«i°^-\| .029

.053
.0361

.39
.3503

.233
.153

1409
2307

1052

2872

7740

27873

4624
12174

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

1.2
1.6

3.9
2.3

4.7
2.8

11.3
6.3

7.8
6.3

20.6
20.8

Clay,
Per Cent

50.3
59.9

CECIL FINE SANDY LOAM

There are 22,272 acres of this soil in the county. It is a mellow fine
sandy loam of a yellowish gray to light brown color and has a depth of
6 to 12 inches. It is underlain by a red, stiff clay, extending to a depth
of 3 feet or more. Between Matthews and Mint Hill and around Hoods
the soil is a light brown, very fine sandy to silty loam.

This type of soil is largely confined to the southeastern and north-
eastern parts of the county. It is well developed around Matthews, near
Hoods, along the Union County line, to the southeast of Amity Church
in the vicinity of Thompson Store, on Pine Eidge, around Paw Creek
and near Sharon Church.

Its surface varies from gently rolling to hilly and broken, the smoother
surface areas lying between Matthews and Mint Hill and the more
broken areas, ridges and knolls, occurring near the Cabarrus County line
and south of McAlpine Creek. ^NTatural surface drainage is good, and
even excessive on the steeper slopes, resulting in serious erosion in many

26

The Bulletin

places. The soil lias been derived from the fine-grained granites,
gneisses, and schists; the original bed rock in places comes near the
surface.

The Cecil fine sandy loam is a mellow and easily tilled soil when prop-
erly plowed and pulverized, and only in the heavier and more clayey
spots is there any baking or clodding. The forest growth consists of
oak and pine, with some hickory, sourwood, dogwood, and cedar. Per-
haps more than one-half of it is under cultivation. It is well suited to
cotton, corn, melons, strawberries, potatoes, cabbage, and the heavier
areas to wheat, oats, and cowpeas. Cotton yields from one-third to one
bale per acre, depending upon the amount of fertilizer applied and the
treatment of the soil. Corn, as a rule, gives low yields, but good crops
can be easily secured. Sweet potatoes, oats, cabbage, crimson clover, and
cowpeas do well. Strawberries grown on this soil yield heavily and have
good size, flavor, and shipping qualities. Lady Thompson, Bubacli, and
Crimson Cluster seem to be the favorite varieties. They ripen the last
of April and first of May. Considerable quantities of vegetables, in-
cluding Irish potatoes, are produced. Fruit and sorghum for sirup con-
stitute other secondary products of the type.

On the heavier areas of this soil the small grains, grasses, clovers, and
corn can be made to give much larger yields by handling the soil differ-
ently. For increasing the productivity of this soil, the same treatment
can be followed as outlined under the Cecil sandy loam. From 200 to
400 pounds of an 8-3-3 fertilizer is used by the majority of farmers;
some, however, mix cottonseed meal, acid phosphate, and kainit, apply-
ing this in quantities varying from 150 to 200 pounds per acre. Cow-
peas and slover and also barnyard manure improve the soil and always
give increased yields in the succeeding crops. This land sells for $20 to
$60 an acre.

The following table gives the results of analyses of the soil and sub-
soil of the Cecil fine sandy loam :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CECIL FINE SANDY LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Anid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PaOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ (
Subsoil / 2=»'"\

.035
.017

.017
.069

.788
.679

.155
.172

686
1320

334
5480

16459
54320

3039
13760

The Bulletin

27

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soiL
Subsoil

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

0.8
0.6

5.1

2.1

10.0
2.3

30.8
7.5

28.3
6.3

19.9

27.3

1

Clay,
Per Cent

5.1
53.7

CECIL COARSE SANDY LOAM

This is the smallest type in extent of the Cecil soils, occupying as it
does only 6,976 acres. It differs from the Cecil sandy loam in that it
has more coarse sand and fine gravel in the surface portion, thus pro-
ducing a more open and porous soil. The subsoil is a red clay, carry-
ing a noticeable amount of coarse sand particles.

The Cecil coarse sandy loam is scattered over the county, but the
largest bodies are found northeast of Eamah Church, on the Cabarrus
County line, north of Eobinson's Store, northeast of Providence, and
around Sardis. Its surface features vary from level, gently rolling to
rolling, and broken. The open texture of the soil and the rolling surface
promote excellent drainage in all areas. In origin, this soil has been
formed by the decomposition of coarse-grained granites composed of
feldspar, quartz, and mica.

Most of the soil has been cleared and is now under cultivation. It is
easily tilled, warms up quickly in the spring, and responds readily to
good treatment. It is suited to practically the same crops as the Cecil
sandy loam. Cotton produces one-third to one bale per acre and corn
10 to 30 bushels. Cowpeas do well and rye gives good returns. Of oats,
only small yields are secured. Sweet potatoes and early truck crops
give good results and can be grown to advantage near the markets.

This soil, like its associated types, needs more humus. The hillside
fields should be planted in a winter cover crop ; the more broken areas
should be reforested or used as pasture.

For further suggestions of methods to be used in handling this soil,
see description of Cecil sandy loam. The same fertilizers are applied
to this type as used on the other sandy loams of the series.

The Cecil coarse sandy loam is held at $15 to $50 an acre.

28

The Bulletin

Fig. 9. Preparing the laud for cotton with a cutaway harrow drawn
by a traction engine.

Fio. 10. Cotton being grown on Cecil clay loam soil in Mecklenburg County.

The Bulletin

29

The following table gives the results of analyses of the soil and sub-
soil of the Cecil coarse sandy loam :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CECIL COARSE SANDY LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 61 Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash

(K2O)

.373
.245

Lime 1 Nitrogen
(CaO) 1 (N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash

(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 „ f
Subsoil ) 2-P^-|

.031
.024

.033
.065

1 .45 523
.23 1847

556
5002

6289
18856

24447
17700

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

19.4
5.0

14.5
6.6

7.4
3.3

13.5

7.4

10.4
3.0

24.8

28.7

10.0
45.7

IBEDELL FINE SANDY LOAM

The Iredell fine sandy loam, or "blackjack land," consists of 5 to 10
inches of a gray or brown fine sandy loam. This is underlain by a
yellow, or brownish yellow, impervious sticky clay called "pipe clay," or
"beeswax land." This is extremely sticky when moist and cracks open
upon drying. It seldom extends below 24 or 30 inches, grading at these
depths into the rotten rock. A few small rounded iron concretions are
usually present in the soil.

This type comprises 17,472 acres, lying mainly in the northwestern
and western parts of the county along Mallard Creek and south of Long
Creek Church. Its surface features vary from level to rolling, most of
it being rolling and composed of ridges, knolls, and slopes. In some sec-
tions the topography is rough and broken, especially in places along the
Cabarrus County line. The natural surface drainage is good, except
for a few flat areas, and here open ditches are necessary.

The Iredell fine sandy loam has been derived from diorite rock, with
some granite. The forest growth is mainly blackjack oak, although
some post and willow oak and considerable cedar are seen in places. In
abandoned areas old field pine has taken possession of the land.

The soil is best suited to small grains and .grasses and should be used
for pasturage purposes. The areas occupying the more favorable topog-
raphy are fairly well suited for the production of cotton and corn. Cot-

30

The Bulletin

ton yields from one-third to one bale, corn from 12 to 30 bushels, oats
from 20 to 50 bushels, and wheat from 10 to 15 bushels per acre. Cow-
peas do well. Potatoes, cabbage, and other vegetables and some fruits
do fairly well. Sorghum also gives fair yields. The cotton, corn, and
small grain are all fertilized, and the larger yields have been secured
wh«n liberal applications were given. Kainit is beneficial and is being
used more generally. The soil needs more humus and lime. Stable
manure should be applied wherever available.

Some rust of cotton is reported, but it is not nearly as prevalent as on
the Iredell loam. Omitting deeper plowing on the deeper and more
sandy areas, this soil requires practically the same treatment and fer-
tilization as the Iredell loam.

Land composed of Iredell fine sandy loam sells at $20 to $40 an acre.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of the soil
and subsoil of the Iredell fine sandy loam :

A\'ERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF IREDELL FINE SANDY LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6f Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ {
Subsoil/ 2'^'°-\

.042
.027

.041
.034

.270
.232

1.92
-^.69

783
2160

764
2680

5093
18560

36278
215360

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

5.1
.6

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

8.8
1.7

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

8.7
1.7

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

23.7
6.1

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

21.0
14.3

20.0
32.2

Clay,
Per Cent

12.6
43.6

IREDELL LOAM

The Iredell loam, or typical "blackjack land," comprising an area of
14,592 acres, is a dark gray or dull or rusty brown loam or heavy, fine
sandy loam, having a depth of 4 to 8 inches. The subsoil is a brownish
yellow, impervious, waxy, sticky, clay extending to a depth of 20 to 36
inches where it passes into soft, disintegrated dark-green rock. This
clay, on exposure to weathering, turns a dull rusty brown color, as seen
in road cuts; cracks open upon drying, and when wet has the consist-
ency of putty. The soil contains from 5 to 25 per cent of small, rounded
It//

The Bulletin 31

iron concretions, but these do not interfere with cultivation. In the
low wooded areas the surface soil in places is almost black.

The greatest development of this type is in the southern part of the
county to the east of Pineville, north of Downs Church, around and to
the north of Kendrick Crossroads, and south of Shopton. Large bodies
also occur west of Hopewell Church, east of Long Creek Church, and
east of Jonas Church.

This soil is characterized by flat, undulating, and gently rolling sur-
face features, though spots occur on knolls and ridges. The more rolling
areas possess good surface drainage, but the drainage of the flatter areas
is poor, and open ditches are essential in preparing the land for crop-
ping. Some little trouble is experienced in the spring and during heavy
rains in the summer in getting these areas dry. This, however, can be
overcome to some extent by ditching and deeper plowing. The im-
pervious clay subsoil prevents drainage and naturally causes the lower
lying areas to be of a rather cold nature.

The Iredell loam, like the fine sandy loam, has been derived from
diorite. Some of the "nigger-head" rocks are seen on the surface in
places.

Blackjack oak is the predominating forest growth, although some post
oak and willow is found. On ridges and slopes cedar and old field pine
are characteristic trees.

Until recently the Iredell loam has been looked upon as a poor soil
for general farming, but now it is highly prized. In Mecklenburg
County it is well adapted to cotton, corn, oats, wheat, and the grasses.
Cotton yields from one-third to one bale, corn from -20 to 40 bushels,
oats from tO to 60 bushels, and wheat from 10 to 30 bushels per acre.
Cowpeas, vetch, Johnson grass, and lespedeza do well. The grasses make
an excellent growth and afford good pasturage for cattle or sheep, and
stock raising could be profitably extended. Fruits do not produce as
well on this soil as on the Cecil types. Cabbage, sorghum, potatoes, and
garden vegetables are grown for home use.

One of the best and most economical ways to improve the Iredell loam
is to plow deeper, turning the soil in the fall, and occasionally subsoil-
ing, leaving the land rough and exposing a thin layer of the sticky clay
subsoil to the weather. Alternate freezing and thawing during the win-
ter will cause the materials to crumble, and by spring a much better
physical condition will have been produced. This method promotes
better drainage and, besides, affords a deeper seed-bed for the plants and
will tend to prevent the rusting and "frenching" of the crops. At pres-
ent these diseases affect the crops on practically all areas of the type.
The rust of cotton usually shows from the first to the middle of July,
and the diseased plants never fully open their bolls, making picking
difficult.

A good rotation for the Iredell loam would be corn, sowing cowpeas
at last plowing, followed by winter oats, and then by cotton. It is said

32

The Bulletin

that cotton is especially subject to "rust" when grown immediately after
cowpeas have occupied the land. The same brands and mixtures of
fertilizers are used on this soil as on the other soils of the county. Corn
needs a somewhat larger amount of nitrogen. Cotton requires a rela-
tively heavy application of kainit to correct the rust. A top dressing
with nitrate of soda applied to corn in the middle of July will give in-
creased yields. The Iredell loam needs manure and lime. Of the former
the supply is wholly inadequate, but the latter can be purchased cheaply,
and if used alone or in combination with fertilizers will be found profit-
able.

Areas of this soil south of Shopton and around Potts' Store sell at
$30 to $50 an acre, while some in other sections can be bought for $25
an acre.

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF IREDELL LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ f
Subsoil/ 2-«»(

.053
.0343

.267
.112

.438
.307

3.01
4.02

997

2722

5025

8888

8243
24364

56648
319027

MECKLENBURG CLAY LOAM

This soil is locally known as "red blackjack land" and covers 14,016
acres of the county. The surface soil consists of 4 to 8 inches of brown
to reddish or red heavy loam or clay loam. It is underlain by a yellow-
ish-brown or ochre to red-colored clay of a plastic, sticky nature. How-
ever, usually at 24 to 30 inches it grades into a soft, greasy, partially
decomposed greenish-yellow rock. A few small iron concretions are of
local occurrence. Included in this type are ridges and knolls of a dark
red clay loam underlain by a deep red clay of a smooth structure.

The Mecklenburg clay loam is confined to the southern and south-
western parts of the county near the headwaters of Weal and Stowe
branches and around Potts' Store. Level to gently rolling surface
features are characteristic of the type. Surface drainage is good except
in a few of the flatter areas, and here open ditches will serve every pur-
pose. The close, impervious character of the subsoil prevents a free
movement of water downward and most of the rainfall runs off, thus
eroding the steeper slopes.

This soil is due to the weathering of the underlying rocks, such as
mica-diorito and gabbro-diorite, which contain large amounts of magne-

The Bulletin

33

rite (about Vo per cent ). apatite, feldspar, liurubleiide, and mica. These
rocks differ from those giving the Cecil soils, and hence the soils derived
from them are markedly different.

Most of the Mecklenburg clay loam has been cleared and is under
cultivation. Johnson grass is indigenous, growing wild in many places
and being cut for hay or pastured. This soil is especially adapted to
clovers, vetches, soybeans, and the red areas to alfalfa. It is also a good
soil for cotton, wheat, corn, and oats. Cotton yields from one-half to
one bale, corn from 20 to 40 bushels, oats from 20 to 40 bushels, and
wheat from 12 to 20 bushels per acre. Larger yields of all crops can
be easily secured, and in some instances as much as 60 bushels of corn
and iy2 bales of cotton have been produced. Johnson grass and Japan
clover furnish excellent pasturage, though it is said that continual pas-
turing of the former will kill it in two or three years. It makes its best
development in the cultivated fields. Kainit gives hetter results than
any other fertilizer. It prevents in a large measure the "frenching" of
corn and the "rusting" of cotton. Little or no rust occurs over large
areas where the subsoil extends to depths of 3 or 4 feet or more. Some
complaint is heard that cotton rusts when planted after cowpeas, but
those who use kainit liberally have no trouble from this disease.

The Mecklenburg clay loam is naturally a very strong and productive
soil and one which can be built up to a high state of productivity by
proper farm management. Deep fall plowing, so as to allow the clay to
freeze and thaw during the winter, will greatly improve the physical
condition of the soils. The growing of legumes and the use of phos-
l)hatic fertilizers and lime will be found profitable.

Land of this type of soil where well improved sells for $35 to $75 an
acre. Where the improvements are nominal, farms may be had for $25
to $40 an acre.

The following table gives the average results of mechanical analyses
of the soil and subsoil and a single analysis of the lower subsoil of the
Mecklenburg clay loam :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MECKLENBURG CLAY LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Dopth of 61 Inches.
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric Potash
Acid (K2O)
(P2O5)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(KsO)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 „ f
Subsoil |2nmi.|

.073

.058

.125 .659
.095 .474

.320
2 .49!)

1460
4640

2500
7600

13180
37920

6390
195920

34

The Bullet iif

A\^RAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

1.5

0.6
0.0

3.4
2.4
1.2

5.9
3.6
4.1

23.9
12.2
20.8

18.5
10.3
19.9

16.8
25.3
28.4

30.4
45.7

Lower subsoil-.

25.6

MECKLENBURG LOAM

The surface soil of the Mecklenburg loam, to a depth of 6 to 8 inches,
is a loam to heavy sandy loam varying in color from dark brown to red-
dish brown. The subsoil is yellowish-brown or ochre-colored tenacious
clay, which frequently at 24 to 36 inches grades into a friable greasy
clay or partially decomposed soft rock. Small rounded iron concretions
are present in the soil in many places, and between Henderson Ferry
and Hopewell Church and near Long Creek Church rock fragments are
scattered on its surface.

This type occurs in small bodies in the southwestern part of the county
in the vicinity of Center Church and to the east of Kendrick Cross-
roads, and also in large bodies west of Hopewell Church, north of Hen-
derson Ferry, east of Allison's Ferry, and east of Huntersville. Its
area embraces 5,824 acres of land.

The type commonly occupies level, undulating, and gently rolling
areas, but in a few instances the surface is rolling. Practically all the
areas have good surface drainage except certain flat areas, in which
open ditches are necessary to carry off surplus water. It has been de-
rived from the weathering of the underlying rocks, which are gabbro-
diorite and diorite, with considerable mica.

A large proportion of this soil is under cultivation, the remainder
being forested to white, red, post, and blackjack oak, considerable hick-
ory and a few cedar and pine. The soil is well suited to corn, cotton,
oats, and wheat, and to pa.sture purposes. Japan clover, Johnson grass,
and other grasses are indigenous, and where permitted to grow or encour-
aged in their growth afford fine grazing for cattle.

The Mecklenburg loam, under favorable conditions and with fertiliza-
tion, produces from one-half to one bale of cotton per acre, from 15 to 30
bushels of corn, and from 15 to 40 bushels of oats. Cotton matures a
few days earlier on this soil than it does on the Mecklenburg clay loam.
All of the rolling areas can be used profitably for sheep pasturage.
About the same fertilization and methods of treatment of this soil can
he applied to this soil as recommended for its associated type, the Meck-
lenburg clay loam.

This land .sells for about the same price as the clay loam, excepting
areas in remote sections and those carrying stone.

The Bulletin

35

The following table gives the results of analyses of the soil and sub-
soil of this type :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MECKLENBURG LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6§ Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash

(KiO)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface ) . f
Subsoil |-"""i

.031
.036

.102
.056

.244
.135

1.96
1.59

600

2880

1975

4480

4724

10800

37946
127200

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

2.3
.2

6.9

1.8

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

7.5
3.9

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

25.2
13.3

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

21.7
9.5

Silt,
Per Cent

19.0
20.3

Clay,
Per Cent

17.3
51.1

DURHAM SANDY LOAM

The immediate surface soil is a grayish or whitish loamy sand which
grades into a pale yellow sandy loam. The subsoil beginning anywhere
between 8 and 20 inches is yellow, friable clay, carrying sharp particles
of quartz sand. There are 7,616 acres of this soil, which lies in an
almost unbroken body extending across the north-central part of the
county, beginning near Catawba River, west of Superior, and continu-
ing to the south of Huntersville. Smaller bodies lie southeast of Mat-
thews and south of Newell.

The Durham sandy loam is derived from coarse-grained granites
composed mainly of feldspar and quartz and some mica. The surface
of the soil is gently rolling on the crest of ridges and hilly to broken on
the slopes. Excellent surface drainage prevails everywhere, and on some
of the steeper slopes erosion is pronounced. Only patches of the original
forest growth of oaks and hickory remain, while the second growth is
mainly old field pine, scrub oak, and sweet gum.

The Durham sandy loam is universally recognized as one of the best
soils in the piedmont region of North Carolina and Virginia for the pro-
duction of bright tobacco, although none is grown on a commercial scale
in Mecklenburg County. There is every reason to believe that this in-
dustry could be profitably extended here as is the case in Davidson, Dur-
ham, Caswell, Gi'anville, and other counties. The soil is also well suited

36

The Bulletin

'mi»&^'< S-^'-'-iiUkFJ^S,

Fig. 11. Growing corn on the Cecil suiidy lo;uu suil and juodmuig a gouii crop of
cowpeas in the corn by seeding at the last cultivation of the corn.

Fig. 12. Growing cowpeas in rows on a hillside.

The Bulletin

37

to the production of sweet potatoes, waterineloiis, cauialoupes, berries,
and truck crops. Corn yields from 10 to 20 bushels, cotton from one-
fourth to one-half bale, sweet potatoes from 80 to 300 bushels per acre.
Rye does well, while coAvpeas and sorghum give fair returns. Peaches
and cherries find a congenial home in this soil. At present the fertilizer
practice on this type is not materially different from that on the Cecil
sandy loam.

As the light color would indicate, this soil is markedly deficient in
Imiini.s. It is a mellow, easily tilled soil, warms up early in the spring,
and requires only shallow plowing and cultivation with light implements.
By turning under coarse manures and green manuring crops, such as
cowpeas, crimson clover, or rye, the humus content could be greatly in-
creased and a more loamy condition produced in this soil which Avould
1)0 reflected in larger yields of staple crops.

Land of the Durham sandy loam sells at $20 to $60 per acre.

The following table gives the results of mechanical analyses of the
soil and subsoil of this type :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DURHAM SANDY LOAM.

Percentage Composition

1 " "

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6f Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs. ■

Nitrogen

CN)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric ! Potash
Acid (K2O)
(P2O5)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface
Subsoil

> 2mm . >.

.026 '
.023 1

.014
.019

.160
.252

.400
.446

489
1789

269 : 3069
1443 19515

•

7672
35313

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

!

Coarse Medium

Sand, Sand,

Per Cent Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

\'ery Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent*

Clay,
Per Cent

.Surface soil

Subsoil

4.4

1.5

29.2 ' 20.3
17.9 j 13.9

18.6
12.7

8.1
5.6

12.8
15.5

6.4
32.7

CONGAKEE FINE SANDY LOAM

This type, comprising 3,200 acres, is a fine sandy loam of a light
brown to reddish brown color and generally extending to a depth of 36
inches or more. Small scales of mica are present in noticeable quanti-
ties. Bordering the river are frequently seen narrow bands of fine sand
which were included M-ith this type.

3S

The Bulletin

Areas of the Congaree fine sandy loam are confined to narrow belts
along the Catawba Eiver. They lie from 8 to 15 feet above the normal
Avater level of the stream. At times of high water most of it is over-
flowed, but good crops are usually secured. This soil, like the Meadow,
is of alluvial origin and represents materials washed from the uplands
and deposited by the Catawba River. The soil possesses a very mellow
structure, is easily tilled, good capillary action is established, and the
supply of moisture for the growing crops is adequate. Farm machinery
can be used on all areas advantageously.

The Congaree fine sandy loam is suited to the production of corn,
watermelons, oats, and rye. Some of the largest watermelons grown in
Xorth Carolina are the product of this type Avith manure and ferti-
lizers. This is an ideal corn soil and large yields can be secured. It is
ditficult to state its value, as it is sold with the adjoining uplands.

The following table gives the results of analyses of the soil of this
type:

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CONGAREE FINE SANDY LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6j Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(PjOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 „ f
Subsoil ]'^^-{

.049
.020

.151
.150

2.04
2.10

.92
.81

980
1600

3020
12000

40800
168000

18400
64800

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil-

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

1.4

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

8.1

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

8.9

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

32.8

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

19.5

Silt,
Per Cent

17.5

Clay,
Per Cent

11.4

ALAMANCE SILT LOAM

This is a yellowish gray to whitish floury silt loam from 4 to 6 inches
deep. The subsoil is a yellow silty loam which quickly grades into a
3'ellow silty clay. This is the smallest type in extent in the county, cov-
ering only .1,280 acres. It lies along the Union County line just south
and east of Clear Creek Church. However, it is but the beginning of
an extensive belt of soil which extends across Union, Montgomery,
Stanly, liandolph, Cabarrus, and other counties.

The Bulletin

39

This type of soil is derived from the Carolina slates. These rocks are
near the surface in many places and outcrops occur and fine fragments
of them are locally scattered over the surface.

Low yields of cotton, corn, and oats are obtained. The soil is de-
cidedly deficient in humus, but if this is supplied and the soil is limed
and phosphatic fertilizers used good yields can be secured. The type
can be brought to a higher state of productiveness as the subsoil holds
manures well. The soil is inclined to bake to some extent, but this can
be overcome by incorporating organic matter, by deeper plowing, and
by more thorough pulverization and frequent shallow cultivation.

The following table gives the results of analyses of the soil and sub-
soil of this type :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ALAMANCE SILT LOAM.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6f Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash

(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Surface \ „ /
Subsoil / 2"^«^-|

.039
.022

.064
.039

.20
.32

.771
.151

717
1686

1176
2989

3676
24525

14171
11573

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soiL
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

2.9
1.9

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

5.3
2.4

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

3.8
1.5

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

9.1
4.1

4.4
4.1

Silt.
Per Cent

60.8
58.4

Clay,
Per Cent

13.7
27.6

MEADOW

The Meadow land in Mecklenburg County is well distributed in nar-
row strips along most of the creeks and branches, embracing a total of
16,320 acres. It consists of material which has been washed from the
uplands, carried down and deposited by the streams at time of overflow.
The soil varies in texture from a silt loam to a fine sand, and in color
from brown to red. Small scales of mica are characteristic of the
material.

The surface of the Meadow is level and flat and lies only a few feet
above normal water level of the streams, and it is subject to overfloAv.
Practically all areas could be drained, reclaimed, and made productive
by straightening and deepening the natural drainageways or construct-

40 The Bulletin

iiig canals. The Meadow area immediately west of Charlotte is an
example of this drainage, and it is likely that more of this land will be
reclaimed.

With the exception of the more sandy areas the Meadow soil is natur-
ally strong and is especially suited to the production of corn. Large
yields (from 30 to 60 bushels) could be obtained without the use of fer-
tilizers. The yields will surpass those upon the famous corn soils of
the Middle West.

In its present condition, Meadow is used mainly for pasturage pur-
poses during the summer months.

STORE OF PLANT FOOD IN SOILS OF THE COUNTY

Tlie chemical examinations of the soils of the county have shown, in
a general way, that phosphoric acid and nitrogen are the plant-food
r-onstituents contained in smallest amounts. This has been the finding
Avith reference to most of the soils occurring throughout the piedmont
section of the State. The soils that show the largest content of nitrogen
are the Mecklenburg clay loam, Cecil clay, Cecil clay loam, Iredell loam,
and Congaree fine sandy loam. Those showing the smallest amount of
nitrogen at the present time are Durham sandy loam, Cecil sandy loam,
Cecil coarse sandy loam, Mecklenburg loam, and Alamance silt loam.

Phosphoric acid is highest in the Iredell loam, Congaree fine sandy
loam, Mecklenburg clay loam, Mecklenburg loam, and Alamance silt
loam, and lowest with Durham sandy loam, Cecil fine sandy loam, Cecil
sandy loam, Cecil coarse sandy loam, Iredell fine sandy loam, Cecil clay
loam, and Cecil clay, in the order given. Iredell loam, Congaree fine
sandy loam, Mecklenburg clay loam, and Mecklenburg loam are quite
high, relatively speaking, as compared with other piedmont soils of
other series in phosphoric acid content, particularly is this so with ref-
erence to the Iredell loam and the Congaree fine sandy loam.

In potash content the soils of this county, as of other counties located
in the piedmont section of the State, are generally relatively high.
Those containing this constituent in the largest amount are Congaree
fine sandy loam, Cecil sandy loam, Cecil fine sandy loam, Mecklenburg
clay loam, Iredell loam, Cecil clay, and Cecil coarse sandy loam. Those
containing this constituent in the smallest total amount are Durham
sandy loam, Alamance silt loam, Mecklenburg loam, Iredell fine sandy
loam, and Cecil clay loam.

In lime content the Iredell loam is decidedly higher than soils of
other types occurring in the county. Other soils having a high content
of lime are Mecklenburg loam, Iredell fine sandy loam, and Cecil coarse
sandy loam. Those containing the lowest amount of lime are Cecil
sandy loam, Cecil fine sandy loam, Cecil clay, Cecil clay loam, Mccklen-
l)iirg clay loam, Dui-ham sandy loam, Alamance silt loam, and Congaree
fine sandy loam, in the order given. The Cecil sandy loam is very low
in this constituent.

The Bulletin 41

what experiments have shown to be the chief needs

of the soils

Experiments which have been conducted in this county on the Cecil
clay, in Iredell on Cecil clay loam, and in Gaston on Cecil sandy loam,
have shown for several years that nitrogen and phosphoric acid are the
constituents chiefly needed. Potash has not generally shown to be essen-
tial except for such crops as tobacco and potatoes, which are heavy users
of this constituent.

Field tests on the Iredell loam type have shown unmistakably that
nitrogen is of the greatest importance for profitable returns to be secured
in growing crops on this soil as it occurs on an average in the county.
Potash has been found to give moderate returns when applied, but phos-
phoric acid has not shown to be at all profitable. As a matter of fact
the yields have not been increased by the use of acid phosphate which
carried phosphoric acid in the experiments.

For cotton and corn, lime has not shown to be of pressing need. Espe-
cially is this so where these crops are grown without intervening cover
crops in the rotation. The soil is very high in this constituent, as shown
by analyses, and it would probably not be as essential to use lime on this
soil as on others like the Cecil soils which contain this constituent in
nuich smaller quantities. It is of interest to knoAv that the surface 6%
inches of the Iredell loam type of soil as it occurs in this county con-
tains enough phosphoric acid for about 137 100-bushel corn crops, pot-
ash for 381 crops, and only enough nitrogen for less than 11 crops of
this size, when the grain is removed and the stalks and leaves are plowed
in each year.

It might be that when nitrogen is added in sufficient quantities to the
Iredell loam soil to produce maximum crops that applications of phos-
phoric acid would show an influence upon the yield. Notwithstanding
the high potash content, when it is selling at moderate prices, applica-
tions in moderate quantities has generally paid. This may be due to
an indirect effect rather than as a direct plant food. On this particular
type the application of potash-bearing materials like kainit, which con-
tain a high percentage of common salt, beneficial results may be due to
the salt contained rather than the potash contained. There is no ques-
tion but that the use of materials like kainit on soils of this character
reduce the amount of cotton rust. Experiments have shown that the use
of ordinary refuse meat salt at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds per acre
also will greatly lessen this trouble on soils of this character.

Results on the Durham sandy loam type of soil have shown that
nitrogen, at the present time, is the chief need. Next in importance is
l)hosphoric acid and potash— potash being the least essential at the
present time on the crops like corn, cotton and small grains. When a
proper system of rotation of crops is practiced, lime will be found to be
essential on soils of this series.

The Mecklenburg clay loam has been shown to be chiefly benefited by
applications of nitrogen. Phosphoric acid and potash do not seem to

42 The Bulletin

be essential at the present time. The analysis of this type of soil would
indicate practically the same conclnsions that have been drawn from
field experiments conducted on the same type in Cabarrus County.

Experiments in Union County on the Alamance silt loam type of soil
have shown that nitrogen is here of the chief importance. Phosphoric
acid appears to be a close second. Potash and lime have shown, on an
average, to give some returns, but are not nearly so important as are
applications of nitrogen and phosphoric acid. Where legumes are to be
grown, lime would be essential in order to secure the best returns. More
than three-fourths of the soils of this county belong to the Cecil series,
and this series has shown both by analysis and by field results that nitro-
gen and phosphoric acid are the chief plant-food requirements at the
present time.

HOAV SUPPLY THE PLANT-FOOD REQUIREMENTS

For Nitrogen. — Soils that show a need for applications of nitrogen
can usually be considered as deficient in organic matter. When the
organic matter is high it can usually be figured that the soil is relatively
high in nitrogen content. Analyses and field results have shown that
the soils of the county are generally low in nitrogen. One of the main
problems for the farmers is, therefore, to supply this constituent in
large quantities and as cheaply as possible. The chief means that must
be used in supplying this constituent will be by the growing of suitable
leguminous crops on the land and turning all or part of these into the
soil. By such a plan not only would the nitrogen be increased, but the
physical properties of the soil would be greatly improved by the addition
of the organic matter.

Other materials that may be depended upon are commercial ferti-
lizers and farm manures. The commercial materials carrying nitrogen
are usually quite expensive. It is frequently diificult to have low-priced
products like corn pay Avell for other than moderate applications of com-
mercial forms of nitrogen. Where cotton is grown and fairly good
prices secured for the lint, farmers may use commercial forms of nitro-
gen with a profit if they are properly combined Avith other materials to
supply the other needs of the crop grown on their particular soils.

Where grains and grasses are grown chiefly other sources than com-
mercial will have to be depended upon. Barnyard manure furnishes
one of the most desirable sources of this constituent as it contains large
amounts of organic matter with nitrogen and moderate amounts of phos-
phoric acid and potash. This material, however, is not a well-balanced
fertilizer for the soils of the county, and it Avill therefore have to be
supplemented by materials carrying the required fertilizing constituents
needed by the soils of the county, the chief of which, as indicated above,
is phosphoric acid for the Cecil soils after nitrogen has been provided.
As valuable as this manure is, the supply of organic matter and nitro-
gen cannot be kept np in the soils of the county generally by having to

The Bulletin 43

depend upon the manure produced on the farm as the amount is reh^-
tively very small as compared with the acreage devoted to the growing
of crops.

For Phosphoric Acid. — This constituent is very low in the soils of the
county, except those of the Iredell, Congaree, Alamance, and Mecklen-
burg series indicated above. With the farmer, it is necessary to good
profits for him to use the source of phosphoric acid which will give the
highest net returns. Taking everything into consideration, the two com-
mercial forms to be depended upon at the present time are acid phos-
phate and basic slag. Of course there will be added to the soil a consid-
erable amount of phosphoric acid when manure, cotton-seed meal, soy-
bean meal, or ground bone is used alone or in such materials as tankage
and fish scrap are added to the soil. Where large amounts of organic
matter are being turned into the soil, in many cases, it will be profitable
to add finely ground phosphate rock. The organic matter in rotting
will tend to bring into an available form some of the phosphoric acid
contained in this material. Again, a good plan in many cases would be
to add this material to manure in the stable as it is being formed, using
a I the rate of one or two pounds per day broadcast over the manure,
jnaking the applications about once or twice per week.

For Potash. — Generally, with the soils of this county as well as with
other Piedmont soils, the least important of the main plant-food con-
stituents has been found to be potash. Durham sandy loam has been
found to be lower in this constituent than any other type of soil found
in the county. The soils of the county contain enough potash in them
for the growth of maximum crops for a long time to come, but it is
present largely in a quite insoluble form. It is, therefore, with the soils
of this county more of a problem of making the supply available than of
increasing its content by the addition of materials supplying this con-
stituent. Not only do the chemical analyses show a liberal supply of
potash, but in all cases experiments show that it is far less essential than
nitrogen and phosphoric acid, except in the case of the high phosphoric
acid soils. When the price of potash is as high as it is now its use will
not usually pay with the ordinary crops of this section, such as cotton,
corn, and small grains.

For Lime. — When the main crops of the county, like corn, cotton,
and the small grains, are grown continuously on the land without the
turning in of leguminous crops, lime will not usually be found of pri-
mary necessity. However, when cover crops are used, as they should be,
on all the soils, especially on soils low in organic matter, lime will usu-
ally be found to be essential. Even with those soils high in lime, like
the Iredell loam, Iredell fine sandy loam and Cecil coarse sandy loam, it
Avill no doubt be beneficial to make applications of this material as the
lime in these soils is in the form of silicates, which do not act in the
same beneficial way as does calcium carbonate as found in ground lime-
stone, shells, and marl.

44 Thk Bulletin

felltilizer mixtures to use for different crops

For the average soils occurring in the county, with the exception of
Iredell loam, Congaree fine sandy loam, Mecklenburg clay loam, and
Mecklenburg loam, it is recommened for cotton, the use of 400 to 600
pounds of a mixture containing 10 to 12 per cent available phosphoric
acid and 2i/o to 4 per cent of ammonia. When the price of actual potash
is not greater than 5 to 6 cents per pound it has been found profitable
to use at least 2 per cent in the mixture. However, when the price of
potash is as high as at present, it will not generally be found to pay. A
mixture that will give approximately this proportion is the folloAving :

Acid phosphate, 16 per cent 400 pounds

Cotton-seed meal, T^/^ per cent 200 pounds

Total 600 pounds

Other mixtures may be used in which dried blood, fish scrap, sulphate
of ammonia, or nitrate of soda may be substituted for the cotton-seed
meal. In making the substitution it may be done by using 47 pounds of
blood, 75 pounds of fish scrap, 30 pounds of sulphate of ammonia, or 42
pounds of nitrate of soda for each 100 pounds of cotton-seed meal in the
mixture. If desired, especially on the sandier soils of the county, one-
third to one-half of the nitrogen may be put in at the time the cotton
crop is planted, reserving the other half to two-thirds to be added as a
side dressing in the form of sulphate of ammonia or nitrate of soda
about the first of July.

For corn, small grains, grasses, sorghum, grown on average soils in
the county, except of the high phosphoric acid types indicated above,
from 250 to 400 pounds of a mixture containing 10 to 12 per cent avail-
able phosphoric acid and 5 to 6 per cent of ammonia will give good^
returns. Potash up to 1^/^ to 2 per cent in the mixture has been found
to pay when this constituent is selling at normal prices. A mixture that
will give approximately the right quantities of nitrogen and phosphoric
acid is as follows :

Acid phosphate, 16 per cent 200 pounds

Cotton-seed meal, 714 pei' cent 200 pounds

Total 400 pound

s

Jlere, as above, tlie other recognized suitable carriers of nitrogen may
be substituted for the cotton-seed meal in the proportions indicated.

For clovers, cowpeas, soybeans, and other leguminous crops, 300
pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate will usually be found satisfactory
on soils containing a moderate amount of organic matter. In many
cases this qnantity may be increased to 500 pounds to good advantage.
rotash-sui)plyiiig iiinterials are not usuallv necessarv on these soils. In

The Bulletin 45

case the land is very poor, so that the young plants do not start off Avell,
a sufficient amount of cotton-seed meal, dried blood, or other nitrogen-
furnishing material, may be added Avhich will supply nitrogen to give
1 to 2 per cent in the mixture. When 300 to 500 pounds of 16 per cent
acid phosphate is used 50 to 75 pounds of cotton-seed meal, or its equiva-
lent in nitrogen content of blood or other nitrogen carrier, may usually
be used to good advantage. If nitrogen is needed later, as is indicated
by small, slow growth, and pale, sickly appearance of the plants, a top
dressing of 50 to 75 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre may be applied
with profit.

When potash is as high in jn-ice as it is at this time, the most profit-
able application for Iredell loam (blackjack), Congaree fine sandy loam,
Mecklenburg clay loam, and Mecklenburg loam will be for cotton 300
to 500 pounds of a material like cotton-seed meal ; for corn, small grains
and grasses 200 to 300 pounds, and for legumes 60 to 100 pounds per
acre. Other suitable nitrogenous materials may be substituted for the
meal in the proportions given above if desirable to do so.

When potash is the normal price it will usually pay to use some-
thing like 2 to 4 per cent in the mixture for corn, cotton, small grains,
and grasses, and 3 to 4 per cent for leguminous crops.

As the amount of organic matter turned back into the soil increases,
the amount of cotton-seed meal or other nitrogenous material in the
above mixtures may be reduced. In fact, when the supply has become
liberal in the soil it may be possible to entirely leave out of the mixture
any nitrogen-carrying material. It should be the aim of the farmers
of the county, as nearly as practicable, to obtain this condition with their
soils. Even though these soils do not respond to applications of phos-
phoric acid at the present time, and none has been recommended, yet as
time goes on and the amount in these soils become less and less it will
in the course of time become necessary and profitable to use this con-
stituent. At the present time this is not necessary nor profitable. Gen-
erally, one of the greatest needs of these soils, especially those of the
Iredell loam, is the addition of organic matter. Because of their color
it is hard to determine by observation purely whether they contain much
or little of this material.

CROP ROTATION NECESSARY FOR A PERMANENT SYSTEM OF
AGRICULTURE IN THE COUNTY

It is the duty of every owner of farm lands in the county to follow
methods of crop rotation and fertilization that shall maintain the pro-
ducing power of fertile soils and which shall build up the poorer ones.
The methods in common used by farmers should be such that their soils
would become more productive year by year. The investigations that
have been carried on by the Division of Agronomy in previous years
have been conducted primarily to determine the most economical meth-

46 The Bulletin

ods of fertilizing the various soil types of this and other counties of the
State, and to take the information thus secured and apply it in con-
junction with systems of crop rotation for the purpose of increasing the
producing power of the soils. From information thus secured we are
able to recommend methods which, if followed by the farmers of Meck-
lenburg County, will maintain their soils in a far more productive state
than they are at the present time, using the methods that are commonly
in practice. In providing the necessary plant-food constituents as
recommended above for the different types, it is necessary to adopt a
proper system of crop rotation if the largest and most profitable returns
per acre are to be secured. The following rotations are recommended
as adapted for conditions prevailing in the county:

First Year. — Corn, with soybeans and cowpeas drilled in row at
planting or before the first cultivation. They also may be sown broad-
cast just before last cultivation.

Second Year — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Third Year — Red clover.

This is a short rotation and is admirably adapted to the grain farms
of the county. The corn stover and wheat straw should be plowed under
or fed to stock, and the manure carefully saved and returned to the soil.
The soybeans or cowpeas and last crop of red clover should be turned
under.

In starting this rotation on average soils of all the types, except Ire-
dell loam, Congaree fine sandy loam, Mecklenburg clay loam, and Meck-
lenburg loam, it is recommended that an application of 200 to 400
pounds of acid phosphate be used under the corn, and that 75 to 100
pounds of nitrate of soda be used as a top dressing later, about the first
of July. If available, farm manure may be used with the phosphate
and the nitrate be eliminated entirely. This fertilization applies to the
more extensively tilled soils. The nitrogen application could well be
reduced or left off entirely on new land or on other soils containing a
goodly supply of organic matter. Unless lime has been applied within
the last two or three years, an application of 2,000 pounds of ground
limestone per acre should be added to those soils on which legumes are
to be grown and to those containing a considerable amount of organic
matter. The lime should be applied broadcast and be thoroughly incor-
porated with the surface soil by means of a disc or spike-tooth harrow
at the time of preparing the land for a corn or wheat crop.

The first year in which wheat or oats is grown, the land should receive
similar treatment to that recommended for corn. In addition to the acid
phosphate it would be well to apply 200 to 400 pounds of rock phosphate
per acre, as this fertilization is for both the wheat and clover crops.

An application of 600 to 800 pounds of rock phosphate per acre to a
good crop of clover before it is turned under in the fall should furnish
much of the phosphoric acid required by the ci'ops of the second period
of the rotation. Within a comparatively short time enough nitrogen

The Bulletin 47

should be furnished by the soy beans or cowpeas, the elover and the
rougage, or stable manure if erops are fed, and the manure saved and
applied back on the land or the crops are plowed directly into the soil
after maturity. The nitrate might be entirely dispensed with. The
application of rock phosphate and lime should be made every four or
five years. Live-stock farming in connection with this rotation might
help in improving the productivity of these soils.

FOUR-YEAK ROTATIONS

A good four-year rotation is the same as the above, with oats and soy-
beans or cowpeas following corn the second year.

Other four-year rotations which could be adopted in this county are:

First Year — Corn.

Second Year — Crimson clover and cowpeas or soybeans.

Third Year — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Fourth Year — Red Clover.

Or for sections of the county in which cotton is grown, one similar to
this might be used : ^

First Year — Corn.

Second Year — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Third Year — Red clover.

Fourth Year — Cotton, rye.

A similar method of fertilization should be adopted, with these four-
year rotations as is given for the three-year rotation.

FIVE- OR SIX-YEAR ROTATIONS

Any of these rotations, with two years of pasture added, would make
them even better adapted to live-stock farming. Where it is desired to
grow cotton, the following six-year rotation should, under an intelligent
supplemental system of fertilization and proper cultivation, give good
results :

First Year — Corn, with cowpeas in the row or sown broadcast just be-
fore the last cultivation.

Second Year — Cotton, with rye sown broadcast in the cotton after the
first picking and covered with a harrow or light cultivator.

Third Year — Rye plowed under, cowpeas, wheat or oats.

Fourth Year — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Fifth Year — Red clover.

The fertilizer here, too, would be similar to that indicated above for
a three-year rotation.

TIIE BULLETIN

OP THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 5 MAY, 1917 Whole No. 232

FERTILIZER ANALYSES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the PostofQce at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Edwards & Beoughton Printing Company
State Printers

The Bulletin

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LEAF TOBACCO REPORTS

November, 1916.

Pounds sold for producer. 32,473,036

Pounds sold for dealers 1,355,795

Pounds sold for warehouses 1,978,289

Total ■ 35,807,120

December, 1916.

Pounds sold for producer 14,371,519

Pounds sold for dealers • 626,887

Pounds sold for warehouses 1,160,357

Total " 16,158,763

January, 1917.

Pounds sold for producer 7,174,653

Pounds sold for dealers 395,521

Pounds sold for warehouses • • • 519,887

Total 8,090,061

February, 1917.

Pounds sold for producer 2,606,327

Pounds sold for dealers 168.598

Pounds sold for warehouses 318,523

Total 3,093,448

March, 1917.

Pounds sold for producer 382,615

Pounds sold for dealers 46,878

Pounds sold for warehouses 25,120

Total 454,613

April, 1917.

Pounds sold for producer 17,782

Pounds sold for dealers 1,608

Pounds sold for warehouses 30

Total 19,420

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vcl. 38, No. 6

JUNE, 1917

Whole No. 233

COUNTY SOIL REPORT No. 2

REPORT ON
GASTON COUNTY SOILS AND AGRICULTURE

MAP OF NORTH CAROLINA SHOWING SOIL SURVEY AREA OF GASTON COUNTY

This work was done by the Division of Agronomy of the State Department of Agiiculture in
cooperation with the Bureau of Soils of the Federal Department of Agriculture.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, uni'.er Act of June 6, 1900.

RALEIGH

Edwards & Broughton Printing Co.

State Printers

1917

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham.. Belhaven First District.

C. \V. Mitchell Aulander Second District.

R. L. Woodard Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

H. Q. .\lexander Matthews Ninth District.

A. Cannon.. Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICEKS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

K. W. BARNES... Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk.

B. W. KILGORE .State Chemist. Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL .-Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist.

E. B. Hart Assistant Chemist.

D. M. McCarty Assistant Chemist.

F. C. VViGGiNS Assistant Chemist.

J. F. Hatch Fertilizer Clerk.

R. W. Collett ...Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. Brimlet Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes - ...Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

R. W. Leiby Assistant Entomologist.

I. W. Hawlby Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

B. B. FLOWE Veterinarian.

H. P. Flowe Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT Horticulturist.

B. Szymonaik Demonstrator Fruit and Truck Crops.

C. D. Matthews ..Assistant Horticulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. E. Bell.. Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

Leland B. Rhodes Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. B. WILLIAMS... Chief, Division of Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters ...Plant Breeding.

*\V. E. Hearn.. State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley .Soil Survey.

H. D. Lambert Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS Botanist.

C. H. Waldron Assistant Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher Assistant to Botanist.

Miss Alston Dargan Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

R. S. Curtis Associate in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

tALViN J. Reed Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combes Assistant in Dairy Farming.

tJ. A. Arey.. ^ Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. R. Farnham : Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. T. Peden Beef Cattle.

Earl Hostetler Assistant in Beef Cattle and Swine.

tA. L. Jerdan Beef Cattle.

tL. I. Case Assistant in Beef Cattle.

tJ. E. Moses Pig Clubs.

tA. G. Olive"r Poultry Clubs.

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

iC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

JT. E. Browne State Agent in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

tA. K. Robertson ..Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

tMns. Jane S. McKimmon State .Agent in Charge Girls' Club.

Miss M. L. Jamison .Assistant in Home Economics.

C. E. Clark, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

R. G. Hill, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm. Willard, N. C.

S. C. Clapp, Assistant Director Buncombe Test Farm, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

S. C. Clapp, Assistant Director Transylvania Test Farm, Blantyre, N. C.

•Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of .Agriculture.

tAssigncd by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of .Agriculture.

tin codperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

West Raleigh, N". C, May 18, 1917.

Sir : — Herewith I transmit a Report on the Soils and Agriculture of
Gaston County. The data on the soils included in the report were
gathered in a systematic soil survey of the county made in 1909 in
cooperation with the Bureau of Soils of the United States Department
of Agriculture.

In the recommendations with reference to the soils and their plant-
food requirements, we have been largely guided by the results secured
in carefully conducted soil-type field experiments in Gaston and adjoin-
ing counties.

I would recommend that this report be issued as County Report ISTo. 2.

Respectfully submitted,

C. B. Williams,
Approved: Chief, Division of Agronomy.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

REPORT ON GASTON COUNTY SOILS AND

AGRICULTURE

By C. B. Wii i.iA.Ms, W. E. Hkakn. J. K. Plummek. and W. F. Pate

Gaston County lies in tlie southwesteni ]M\vt of the State, bordei-ing
the South Carolina line. It is bounded on tlie north by Lincoln County,
on the east by Mecklenburg County, on the south by South Carolina,
and on the Avest by Cleveland County. The county is l7Vo miles long
north and south, with an average width of about 20 miles, east and west.
It contains about 370 square miles, or 236,800 acres.

Fic. 1. — Showins the gently rolling nature of the section of the State of whiih this

county is a part.

The general surface of the county consists of gently rolling, rolling to
hilly or broken and even mountainous areas. There are many broad,
level to gently rolling to rolling areas around Gastonia, Dallas, Antioch
Church, Cherryville, Alexis, Lucia, Belmont, and Laiion Church. The
hilly and broken areas are developed along the rivers and larger streams.

lu elevation above the sea-level the county ranges from about 600 to
1,100 feet, being near 1,100 feet at the town of Kings Mountain, about
1,000 feet at Cherryville, and around 900 feet at Bessemer City. Of
course, the knolls and mountains rise much higher, and Pinnacle Moun-

6

The Bulletin

tain attains a height of 1,705 feet, and Crowders Mountain 1,624 feet.
The prevailing slope of the county is to the southeast and south, follow-
ing the principal drainageways.

All of the county, with the exception of small strips of bottomland,
has excellent natural surface drainage through the rivers, creeks, and
branches, together with the numerous spring branches and wet-weather
streams which ramify all parts of the upland.

^■^T. .^Wffc-.

Fio. 2. — Showing the character of the forest growth.

Along South Fork and Catawba rivers there is much fall, and in many
places considerable water-power has been developed for running cotton
mills. Much power still remains undeveloped. Some of the larger creeks
furnish power for gristmills and cotton gins, and even on these streams
some power can be obtained.

The transportation facilities of the county are excellent. The main
line of the Southern Railway, a branch of the Seaboard Air Line Rail-
Avay, the Carolina iind Northern Railway, and also the electric line of

The Bulletin 7

the Piedmont Northern traverse Gaston County. No farm in the county
is more than 8 miles from a railroad. Macadam and good dirt roads
are distributed over the county. Electricity generated on the edge of
the South Carolina line is transmitted to all parts for use in running
cotton mills and other manufactories.

There is a larger number of towns and cotton mills in Gaston County
than in any other county in North Carolina. Gastonia, the commercial
center and county-seat, is the largest town. Dallas, Cherryville, Kings
Mountain, Mount Holly, Stanley, Bessemer City, Lowell, and McAden-
ville are thrifty towns, while High Shoals, Hardins, Tuckaseigee,
Philipsburg, Mayesworth, and Spencer Mountain each have one or more
cotton mills. All of the towns furnish excellent markets for the pro-
ducts of the county at fairly good prices.

AGRICULTUKAL STATISTICS

The value of farm property in Gaston County at the last census period
was over 8,600,000. This was an increase of 165 per cent over the
previous census. Of the farm property values of the county, it is dis-
tributed as follows:

Per Gent.

Land 66.7

Buildings 21.5

Implements and machinery 2.9

Domestic animals 90

Eighty-four and two tenths per cent of the land area is in farms.
Fifty and nine tenths per cent of the farm land is improved. The aver-
age size of the farms of the county is 69.9 acres. The population of the
county in 1910 was 37,063.

CLIMATE

There is no. established Weather Bureau Station in Gaston County,
but the accompanying table, compiled from the records of the station
located at Charlotte, will represent fairly well the local conditions.

This table shows a mean annual rainfall of 49 inches and a mean
annual temperature of 60° F., which gives a mild and equable climate
for this region. The average annual snowfall is slightly al)ove 7 inches.
The rainfall is well distributed throughout the year. During the fall
months the precipitation is usually slightly less, giving a favorable sea-
son for the ripening and opening of cotton, and also for harvesting both
cotton and corn.

In such a climate considerable farm work can be carried on during
much of the winter. There is a comparatively long growing season be-
tween the last killing frost in the spring and the first in the fall.

Occasionally the seasons are somewhat uncertain and full crops are
not always secured, but there is never a crop failure.

8 The Bulletix

The county has a splendid health record, as the surface is high and
rolling and thoroughly drained. Good Avater from either wells or springs
can be had in all parts of the county.

NORMAL MONTHLY, SEASONAL, AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
AT CHARLOTTE. MECKLENBURG COUNTY.

Temperature

Precipitation

Month

Mean

Absolute
Maximum

Absolute
Minimum

Mean

Total

Amount

for the

Dryest

Year

Total

Amount

for the

Wettest

Year

Snow,

Average

Depth

December

°F.
43
41
44

-F.
76

77
79

°F.
— 5
—1
—5

Inches
3.8
4.3
4.6

Inches
1.9
2.3
5.4

Inches
5.7
7.6
6.4

Inches
2.2

Januarv - -

1.9

2.9

Winter

43

12.7

9.6

19.7

7.0

51

59
69

85
94
97

14
26
38

4.8
3.4
3.9

1.6
1.9
1.7

9.2
5.4
4.8

0.6

April -

0.1

May

0.0

60

12.1

5.2

19.4

0.7

June

76
79

77

102
102
100

45
55
53

4.6
5.3
5.2

3.4

6.4
1.0

9.5
7.9
2.1

0.0

Julv

0.0

0.0

77

15.1

10.8

19.5

0.0

September

72
61
51

99
92

80

38
30
18

3.3
3.4
3.0

4.7
1.0
3.7

3.6
1.5
4.7

0.0

October

Trace

November

Trace

Fall

61

9.7

9.4

9.8

Trace

Year - -

60

102

—5

49.6

35.0

63.4

7.7

SOILS

One of the important things concerning soils is how the various tyites
or classes of land have been formed. In Gaston County, which lies in
the Piedmont region of the State, all of the upland soils are nothing
more than broken or decayed rock fragments with the addition of organic
matter. The more common rocks underlying the soils here are granites,
gneisses, and schists. These rocks are usually light gray and vary from
fine to coarse grained. The granite is particularly noticeable around
Gastonia, Dallas, Ilardins. High Shoals, northeast of McAdeiu'ille, near
Union Church, and between Dallas and Bessemer City. Around Cherry-
ville and to the west of Mountain Island a very coarse green granite and.
in some ])laces, gneiss occur. Vho weathering of these coarse granites
and gneisses has given rise to the Durham coarse sandy loam and the

TlIK Tin.I.ETIN

Cecil coarse saiidv loam, li aiijicars that the rocks giviiij;- ri.se to the
Durham coarse sandy loam have a smaller aniouiit of iron or the degree
of oxidation has been less, and as a result a yellow chiy i.s formed instead
of the red clay of the Cecil types.

The Cecil -s;indy loam, (Veil fine sandy loam and stony loam are de-
rived from the granites and gneiss medium to fine in texture. The Cecil
loam comes i)rinci])ally from mica schist or talcose schist and felcite.

The Cecil clay loam is derived principally from the fine textured
rocks and also from the medium or coarser textured rocks and through
heavy erosion of the sandy material derived from these rocks. As an
example of this erosion, if the greater ])art of the sandy material from
the sandy loams were removed, it would result in the formation of the
clay loam type.

The Cecil clay or "heavy red land" comes from the weathering of the
dark colored rocks such as hornblende schist and diabase. Shiny par-
ticles of-the minerals contained in these rocks are seen in ditches and
gullies throughout these formations.

The Iredell clay loam owes its origin to the weathering of dark green
or dull colored to almost black rocks sometimes called "niggerhead"
rocks.

The mountains, knolls, and peaks in the county owe their existence
to the fact that they are composed of exceptionally hard rocks called
quartzite. Such rocks have withstood the forces of weathering while
the softer rocks have weathered do"ttni and the material has been tran,s-
ported, thus leaving a lower region.

White quartz, gravel, and rock fragments are present on the surface
in many places ; but with the exception of the stony loam type, the pres-
ence of these do not interfere seriously with cultivation.

The level areas or first bottom-lands along the rivers and creeks,
mapped as Congaree fine sandy loam and Meadow, were formed by the
streams.

Soils similar to these in Gaston County were first mapi)ed in Cecil
County, Maryland, and the series name is due to that fact.

The following table gives the name and extent of the soil types maitpcd
in (raston County :

AREAS OF DIFFERENT SOILS.

Soil

Cecil sandy loam...

Cecil clay loam

Cecil fine sandy loam...

Cecil loam

Cecil coarse sandy loam

Meadow

Cecil clay

Acres

Per Cent

65.112

27.9

65,216

27.5

32,768

13.8

20,160

8.5

12.608

5.3

12,032

5.1

10,36S

4.4

Soil

Acres Per Cent

Durham coarse sandy loam

Iredell clay loam

Congaree fine sandy loam...

Cecil stcny loam

Rock outcrop

Total

4,430
4,288
4,160
3,904
704

236,800

1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
.3

10

The BuLLETiisr

Fig. 3. — A typical farm scene of the section.

Fiii. 4. — Roads of tliis lyiu iuive bi-cii const ructcd to a considprable extent in the county.

The Bulletin

CECIL SANDY LUA.M

This soil is locally known as "gray land," with red clay subsoils. It
covers 66,112 acres, or nearly 28 per cent of the county, and is the
largest type in extent. It extends in a wide, almost unbroken belt north
through the central part of the county, including most of Gaston Town-
ship. It is Avell developed around Gastonia, Dallas, Hardins, in the
vicinity of Long Creek Church, Snapp, Sellers Store, to the north of
Cherryville, around Lucia and in the River Bend section of the county.
The greater part of this surface soil consists of a light gray to light
brown loose mellow sandy loam. Frequently, below 6 inches the mate-
rial is a yelloAvish or reddish-yellow loam. The subsoil begins anywhere
between 6 and 15 inches, and is a red stiff clay. There is considerable
variation in this type; for instance, the soil is heavier and shallower
bordering the clay loam and clay soils. In the vicinity of Union Church
and to the south occurs a deeper sandy soil which has a reddish-yellow
clay subsoil. As a rule, the deeper and more sandy spots are less pro-
ductive than the true brown surface soil areas. Spots of brown gravelly
loam are seen here and there and also in a few places a coarser surface
soil with bedrock 2 or 3 feet from the surface. The larger gravelly
areas have been indicated on the soil map by small circles.

The surface of this soil is gently rolling to rolling, becoming rough
and broken as the streams are approached. The broadest areas occupy
a beautiful position for general farming purposes. It is admirably
drained ; in fact, the hillsides and steeper slopes should in places be ter-
raced to prevent washing. It has a mellow loose structure and is the
most easily tilled soil in the county, and all kinds of improved machinery
can be used over a large part of it. It absorbs rain water rapidly and
the clay subsoil retains it well. The heavier and more typical areas of
this soil are best suited to the production of cotton, corn, and cowpeas,
while the more sandy areas are suited to truck crops, sweet potatoes, pea-
nuts, melons, and rye.

Cotton yields from % to 1 bale per acre; corn from 10 to 15 bushels
ordinarily, but as high as 100 or more bushels per acre have been ob-
tained; cowpea hay, % to IV2 tons per acre; while the yield of wheat
and oats is generally low. Sweet potatoes produce from 75 to 300 bushels
per acre. Sorghum cane yields well, while peanuts, vegetables, and fruits
suitable to the climate give fair returns.

For the improvement of this soil it is recommended that green manur-
ing crops or barnyard manure be turned under to supply the needed
organic matter and nitrogen. Deeper plowing and better cultivation
will give increased yields.

The following gives the average results of analyses of soil and subsoil
of Cecil sandy loam :

12

The Bulletin

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,030,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface "1 f
Subsoil J ■ \

.037
.025

.0353
.0821

3.159
1.798

.10-11
.0693

727
1978

693
6496

62105
142253

2046
5523

MECHANICAL

ANALYSIS

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

3.9
2.4

21.2
9.2

13.9
4.4

27.3
9.3

15.4
6.8

13.5
28 .2

4.8
39.6

CECIL CLAY LOAM

The Cecil clay loam is one of the largest and most important soil types
in the county. It ranks next in size to the sandy loam, covering as it
does 65,216 acres, or 27 per cent of the county. It is one of the impor-
tant soils of the Piedmont platean. It is generally recognized as the "red
land" or "mulatto land," and spots of it are called "push land." In
many places it closely approaches the red clay, but differs from this in
that the surface is a brown to red loam or clay loam carrying more sand
and being of a more mellow structure than the heavy red clay. The
subsoil is a bright red stiff clay, hard when dry and plastic Avlien wet,
and usually has some Avhite sand or quartz rock in the form of veins.
The spots of dull brown loam having a depth of 10 to 15 inches are
called "push land" or "dead land" because the soil does not slide easily
from the plow. The Cecil clay loam occurs in all parts of the county, but
its greatest development is found in the southeastei'ii i):irr between the
Catawba and South Fork rivers. Other large areas are mapped in River
Bend Township, through Dallas Townshi]), and frnm Concord Clinrcli
north to Webb Chapel.

In surface features this st)il is siniibir to the associated upland soils;
that is, it has smooth gently rolling to rolling areas on thi' divides and
steep hilly to broken areas near many of the streams. South of Belmont
lies a comparatively smooth ridge. l)nt the slopes ai'e hilly and broken.
Some of the roughest to])ography of this soil is seen to ilie west of Stan-
ley, south of Tlardins, and generally along tlic i-ivci-s and larger creeks,
llain water rnns oft' of tin- surface i-ajjidlv and in nianv ]ilaces gullies

The Btlletin

];5

and dee]) I'avines are formed. Terracing is essential in order to prevent
a too great wasting aAvay of the soil by erosion.

While this is a rather heavy soil, yet it is easier to obtain a good
tilth than u|miii clav, due lo the fact tliat the sand ])resent in this clay
loam renders it moi'e friahle and easier to handle. In croj) adaptation
it is similar to the clay, leing suited to the production of corn, oats,
wheat, clover, and cotton. However, the cotton gro^vn on this soil should
he an early maturing variety, as it dees not open as early as upon sandy
soil. Corn yields from 12 to about 100 bushels per acre, averaging about
20 or 25 buslie].-^; wheat from 10 to 25 to 60, cowpeas 1 to 2 tons of hay,
and cotton from V3 to 1 bale ])er acre. All of the larger yields depend
upon the methods employed and the amount of fertiliz(M- or manure
applied.

Deei)er plowing, better preparation (d' the land, and more frequent
cultivation, together with the turning under of coAvpeas and coarse ma-
nures, are recommended for the improvement of this soil. It is natur-
ally one of the strongest soils of the county and one capable of being
improved to a high state and easily maintained.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
sutsoil of Cecil clay loam:

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,030,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
CCaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric

Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ ^ (
Subsoil / *■ ' \

.063
.024

.033
.075

.493
.335

.11
.OSl

1212
1920

588
6000

8785
26800

1960
6480

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coar.se

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Suiface soil

Subsoil

0.5
0.2

2.0
0.4

2.5
0.5

10.7
2.0

20.4
3.2

27.0
37.2

36.7
56.4

CECIL FINE SANDY LOAM

»

This type occurs in large areas around Stanley, Alexis, southwest of
Spencer Mountain, north of Dallas, around Bessemer City and Kings
Mountain, south of Trinity Chuich, and in the extreme northwest corner
of the county. It covers 32,768 acres, or nearly one-seventh of the
county.

14

The Bulletin

Fig. 5. — Ex],erimeutal wheat grown on Cecil Sandy Loam Soil on the farm of C. M.
Faires of this county during 1911. The jiart on the left was fertilized with
a mixture containinq; nitrogen and jjhosphoric acid, and the part on the
right with nitrogen of potash. Tlie wheat on the left jiroduced almost double
that on the right.

\

FlCi. 6. — This grass mi.xture will do well on the soils of the county if properly put in

and fertilized.

The Bulletin

15

The surface soil ranges in de})tli from about 5 to 12 inches and con-
sists of a gray to light brown mellow fine sandy loam. It is underlain
by a red tough clay.

This type is developed on the gently rolling to rolling areas, becoming
broken and hilly near the streams. Tt is found on some of the highest
elevations not included by the mountains and possesses good natural sur-
face drainage.

In general this soil is similar to the sandy loam except being finer
in texture and is used for practically the same crops. The recommenda-
tions suggested for the improvement and handling of the Cecil sandy
loam will apply equally well to this type.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of the soil
and subsoil of Cecil fine sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-

stituents Per Acre.

Percentage Composition

Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,033,000 Lbs.

Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,

8,000,000 Lbs.

Phos-

Pho.s-

Nitroger.

phoric

Potash

Lime

Nitrogen

phoric

Potash

Lime

(N)

Acid
(P2O6)

(K2O)

(CaO)

(N)

Acid
(P2O6)

(K2O)

(CaO)

Surface 1 „ /

.042

.015

.901

.196

741

271

16390

3544

Subsoil /2"^"^-(

.021

.061

.796

.069

1636

4753

62024

5376

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clav,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

1.0

0.2

2.4
0.7

3.5
1.1

29.5

7.8

32.4

9.8

23.3
24.9

7 .7
55.5

CECIL LOAM

This soil occurs in large areas in the southwestern part of the county
in CroAvders Mountain Township. It begins at Unity Church on the
South Carolina line, continues north by Philijisburg and Bessemer City,
and thence northeast on either side of Pasour Mountain and to the west
of High Shoals. Another large body lies north of Stanley and a smaller
body is found between Gastonia and Lowell. In all, the type covers prac-
tically 20,000 acres.

The surface soil consists of a mellow smooth loam of yellowish-grayish
or light brown color. In places the surface is almost white. A few
gravel or rock fragments are mixed with the soil in some places. The
red clay subsoil is generally friable, but in places it is tough and very

16

The Bulletin

coiupact and the uiulerlying rocks locally come within two or three feet
of the surface. It occupies comparatively smooth surface areas, varying
from gently rolling to rolling, with a few steep slopes, and possesses good
natural surface drainage.

Some of the original growth of white, post, and red oak, hickory and
pine, valuable for merchantable timber, was seen near High Shoals and
to the north and west of Pasour Mountain.

The brown surface soils of this type are more productive than the
light gray or w^hitish areas. While most of the soil is fairly easy to till,
yet it is more difficult than the sandy loams and easier than the red
clays. It should be plowed under proper moisture conditions in order
to avoid clodding and baking.

Cotton, corn, and cowpeas are the principal crops, while apples, pears,
and peaches give fair returns on some of the ridges. The recommenda-
tions suggested for the improvement of the sandy loam types will hold
equally well for this soil.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Cecil loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6j Inches,
2,000,030 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O0)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 „ /
Subsoil |2mm.|

.03
.016

.03
.0571

.985
2.31

.141
.082

590
1280

590
4568

19384
184800

2775
6560

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

1.3
.4

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

2.9
1.4

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

2.7
1.3

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

10.4
4.5

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

21.8

8.4

Silt,
Per Cent

46.7
40.8

Clay,
Per Cent

14.1
43.2

CECIL COAKSE SANDY LOAM

There are about 12,000 acres of the Cecil coarse sandy loam type in
the county. Tins soil differs from the sandy loam in that it has a con-
siderable quantity of fine gravel and coarse sand and occasionally rock
fragments in the surface soil. The subsoil is red clay, but the coarse
sand ])articles present render it slightly nioi'o crumbly than the subsoil
of the heavier types. This land is closely related in many places to the

The Bulletin

17

Purliam coarse sandy loam, and where the two soils join it is underlain
by a reddish-yellow clay.

Most of this soil occurs in the vicinity of Cherryville, where it covers
a large area. About tAvo square miles of the type lie between McAden-
ville and CJoshen Church, and another heavy body lies north of Penley
Chapel along the Cleveland county line.

The surface is gently rolling to rolling, becoming rough and broken
near the streams. It comprises the most elevated farming land in the
county, lying between 950 and 1,000 feet above the sea-level. All of it
is well drained, excessively so with the steeper slopes, as is evidenced by
the amount of erosion and washing.

Some of the original timber growth of oak and pine still stands, but
most of this soil has been cleared and cultivated. Cotton, corn, and cow-
peas are the principal crops. Some wdieat is grown in recent years, and
also sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, and peanuts. This soil can be
handled and improved in the same way as the Cecil sandy loam.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
-ubsoil of Cecil coarse sandy loam:

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(PsOo)

Potash ' Lime
(K2O) (CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface ^ - /
-. , ., }2mm. <

.054
.020

.029
.062

1 .79 .070
1.51 .082

1

928
1504

472
4616

29772
112207

1226
6152

MECHANICAL

ANALYSIS

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Siu'face soil

Subsoil

15.5
6.0

19.9
6.9

7.2
2.3

13.3
4.2

6.8
1.9

27.4
23.9

9.9
54.7

CECIL CLAY

Soil of the Cecil clay class is familiarly knoAvn as "the heavy red clay
land," being heavier and redder than the clay loam type. Its principal
occurrence lies to the north of Belmont, around St. Mary's College, along
the Seaboard Air Line Kailway, Avest of Nims, and to the south and east
of Webb's Chapel, north of Concord Church, and in many other spots
scattered over the county. There are about 10,000 acres of the Cecil
clav in Gaston Countv.

IS

The Bulletik

The soil is a deep red to reddish-brown clay or clay loam grading into
a deep red, heavy, tough and fairly brittle clay. It is sticky when wet
and becomes hard upon drying out. It possesses the smallest content
of sand and gritty material of any type in the county, and this accounts
for the close structure.

Its surface is gently rolling to rolling, with here and there a few steep
slopes. The rain water usually runs off rapidly and gullies are easily
formed; particularly is this true of the fields which have been plowed
shallow and have no cover crops.

This red clay comes from the' weathering of dark colored rocks high
in iron and elements of plant food. It is naturally one of the strongest
soils in the region and one particularly suited to the growing of wheat,
clover, oats, corn, grasses, and alfalfa.

Around Rock Hill, South Carolina, a soil similar to this is used for
the profitable production of alfalfa, and there is every reason to believe
that this crop could be grown advantageously on this soil in Gaston
County. It is the best wheat, clover, and oat land in the Piedmont
plateau.

The soil should be plowed deeper and be more thoroughly pulverized
so that it will absorb more rain water and retain it for the use of plants
during dry periods. Any kind of coarse manures or green manuring
crops will be beneficial toward loosening up the soil and at the same time
supplying the needed nitrogen, thus greatly increasing the yields. This
soil requires heavy farm machinery and strong work stock to bring it to
its highest efficiency in crop production.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Cecil clay :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(KoO)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ . /
Subsoil /2mm. 1

.0910
.0338

.085
.106

.637

.523

•

.178
.10

1769
2704

1652
8480

12380
41840

3459
8000

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

3.4
0.9

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

10.1
5.3

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

8.9
4.0

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

20.8
0.8

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

8.4
5.6

Silt,
Per Cent

20.0
17.6

Clay,
Per Cent

28.5
56.7

The Bulletin

19

Fig. 7. — Modern barn, built on the Farm-Life School Grounds at Dallas.

Fig. 8. — Type of improved sand-clay roads that are being built in the county.

20

The Bulletia"

DI'BHAM COAKSE SANDY LOAM

This is the whitish coarse sandy or gravelly land of the county. It
occurs in the nortlnvestern part east of Cherryville and to the north of
Shady Grove Church; also to the south and northeast of Mountain
Island.

It is disting-uished from the other soils of the county by liaving a
Avhitish to light gray surface soil of a coarse loose sandy loam carrying
fine white gravel. The subsoil is a yellow sandy clay to friable clay
and has mixed with it coarse sand particles. The soil is open, mellow,
and very easy to cultivate. The whitish color of the surface soil indi-
cates that it contains a very small amount of vegetable matter, and one
naturally thinks of it as being poorer or less productive than the sur-
rounding soils.

The surface of this type varies from gently rolling to rolling and
hilly. Owing to the open structure of the soil and the high position it
occupies, it has excellent natural drainage throughout. It warms up
early in the spring and can be tilled immediately after rains. In Dur-
ham, Caswell, Granville, and other counties this soil is especially adapted
to the production of bright tobacco. It is a splendid soil for truck crops,
sweet potatoes, and rye. Peanuts can be grown profitably. Corn and
cotton are the main crops produced in Gaston. County, and the yields of
these are generally lower than upon the Cecil soils. The incorporation
of vegetable matter through manuring crops and by the addition of barn-
yard manure is highly recommended for the improvement of this soil.

The following gives the average results of analyses of soil and subsoil
of Durham coarse sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Surface 1 ,, f
Subsoil J " ' \

.0385
.C27

.0215
.019

.471

.540

.110
.101

641
1939

358
1364

7842
38772

1832
7252

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Surface soil.
Subsoil

13.5
9.0

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

23.5

9.7

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

8.9
3.9

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

14.9
5.8

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

6.1
3.0

Silt,
Per Cent

20.1
15.7

Clay,
Per Cent

12.9
52.6

The Bulletin

21

CECIL STONY LOAM

This soil is unimportant agriculturally and represents the roughest
surface areas in the county. Bodies of this soil are found on Pinnacle.
Crowders, Pasour, Spencer Mountain, Jackson Knob, and Berry moun-
tains. In addition to oiecupying the rough mountainous topography, the
soil is filled Avith white quartz and other rock fragments which inter-
feres with cultivation. Some of the smoother surface portions might be
used for apples or pasturage purposes, while the rougher areas should
remain forested. It is the lowest priced land in the county.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Cecil stony loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6§ Inches,
2,003,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,030 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash
(KoO)

Lime
(CaOj

Surface "1 . f
Subsoil |2mm.|

.003

.02

.04
.076

1.505
1.626

.121
.264

1028
1600

653

60.^0

24562
1300SO

1975

20320

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

i i

COJSrGAKEE FINE SANDY LOAM

Along the Catawba and South Fork rivers are narrow strips of bottom-
land varying from a few yards to one-fourth mile in width. The soil
consists of brown fine sand, silt, and clay which has been washed from
the uplands, brought down and deposited by the streams. It is a fine
sandy loam of a mellow loose structure and is very easy to till. Small
shiny particles of mica or isinglass are conspicuous in this soil.

The surface is nearly flat, with here and there a few narrow bands of
fine sand in the form of low ridges. Drainage is usually good, but all
of the soil is subject to overflow during high freshets. Most of this soil
was under cultivation prior to the floods of 1916, at which time much
of this land was completely changed by deposition or removal of material,
leaving some of the formerly good bottoms practically Avorthless. It pro-
duces good yields of corn, rye, and watermelons. Some of the largest
watermelons in the State are grown on this soil. Corn yields from lo
to 40 bushels per acre.

22

The Bulletin

IREDELL CLAY LOAM

This soil is locally known as "Blackjack oak land" or ''pipe clay land."
There is only a small acreage of it in the county, and this lies in the
eastern part of the county and to the north of Mount Holly, and about
two miles east of Stanley. It is readily recognized by the forest growth
of blackjack oaks and other oaks and by the peculiar character of the
subsoil and also the presence of "nigger-head" rocks on the surface.

The surface soil is a dull brown or dark gray loam, and this changes
abruptly into a yellowish-brown waxy, sticky, or putty-like clay which
grades into the rotten greenish-yellow colored rocks at 2 or 3 feet. Small
rounded brown iron pebbles about the size of ordinary peas are present
on the surface.

It occupies gentle slopes to rolling areas, having good drainage over
the surface portion, but the underdrainage is very poor owing to the
density of the clay subsoil, which hinders the movement of water in
either direction. The soil is suited to corn, cotton, oats, and wheat, and
also for pasturage purposes, especially when seeded to Johnson grass.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of the soil
and subsoil of the Iredell clay loam :

CHEMICAL

ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Phos-
Nitrogen phoric
(N) Acid

(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface "1 „ f

.061

.042

.17e

3.29

1016

700

2932

54811

Subsoil / ' \

.0516

.099

.1055

2.661

3988

7651

8153

205642

.Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

6.7
2.9

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

8.2
3.8

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

5.0
3.0

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

16.0
7.0

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

26.9

n.8

Silt,
Per Cent

26.4
31.2

Clay,
Per Cent

10.4
40.1

MEADOW

The land mapped as MeadoAv is found in the first bottoms along prac-
tically all of the streams. Much of the soil is productive and gives large
yields of corn and native grass Avithout fertilization. The meadow land
Avhere cleared furnishes excellent summer pasturage for cattle.

The Bulletin 23

The meadow represents the cream of the upland soils, in that the clay,
silt, and fine sand have been washed from theiii and deposited along the
streams. The rain water running from the hillsides carries this material
in suspension. All grades of material and textures of soils are found,
varying from the light-brown sands to heavy red clays.

Some of the largest bodies of meadow land are developed along Long,
Crowders, and Dutchmans creeks, and here most of the soil is a brown
rich loam. All of it is subject to frequent overflow and change by stream
currents. Much of it is poorly drained, but when drained and reclaimed
by deepening and straightening the stream channels and ditching, some
of the most fertile land of the county will be restored to a condition suit-
able for successful and profitable crop usages.

KOCK OUTCROP

Bare rock walls and rough stony areas have been classed as Kock
Outcrop. Such a condition exists on the crests and sides of the moun-
tains and higher knobs. It has no agricultural value.

PLANT FOOD IN SOILS OF THE COUNTY

The chemical examination of the soils of this county has shown in a
general way that lime, phosphoric acid, and nitrogen are the constituents
that are contained in smallest amounts. This, to^, has generally been
the findings with reference to most soils examined in other portions of
the Piedmont s'ection of the State,

The soils showing the largest amounts of nitrogen are Cecil Clay,
Cecil Clay Loam, Cecil Stony Loam, Iredell Clay Loam, and Cecil
Coarse Sandy Loam. Those showing the smallest amounts of this con-
stituent at the present time are Cecil Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam, Durham
Coarse Sandy Loam, and Cecil Fine Sandy Loam.

Phosphoric acid is relatively low in all of the soils of the county. It
is found to be highest in Cecil Clay, Iredell Clay Loam, Cecil Stony
Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam, and Cecil Clay Loam, the lowest in Cecil Fine
Sandy Loam, Durham Coarse Sandy Loam, Cecil Coarse Sandy Loam,
and Cecil Loam in the order given.

In potash content the soils of this county, as of other counties of the
Piedmont Region of the State, are relatively high as compared with most
of the soils of the Coastal Plain Region. Those containing this constitu-
ent in the highest amount are the Cecil Sandy Loam, Cecil Coarse Sandy
Loam, Cecil Stony Loam, Cecil Loam, and Cecil Fine Sandy Loam.
Those having smallest amounts of this constituent are soils of the Ire-
dell Clay Loam, Durham Coarse Sandy Loam, Cecil Clay Loam, and
Cecil Clay type of soil, in the order given.

In lime content, the Iredell Clay Loam is much higher than any of the
other soils occurring in the county, it containing more than 3 per cent
of this constituent, while the others contain less than 0.2 per cent. In

24 The Bulletin

addition to the Iredell Clay Loaiu, the other soils containing the largest
amounts of this constituent are Cecil Fine Sandy Loam, Cecil Clay,
Cecil Loam, and Cecil Stony Loam. These lowest in total lime content
are Cecil Coarse Sandy Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam, Cecil Clay Loam, and
Durham Coarse Sandy Loam.

WHAT CUE EXPERIMENTS HAVE SHOWN TO BE THE CHIEF NEEDS OF THE SOILS

The results of experiments that have been conducted in this county on
Cecil Sandy Loam, in Mecklenburg County on Cecil Clay, and in Iredell
on Cecil Clay Loam, have shown as an average of many trials that nitro-
gen and phosphoric acid are the plant-food constituents chiefly needed
by these types of soil in average condition at the present time.

Potash has not generally been found to be very essential for general
crops, such as corn and cotton, grown in the section. It is more than
probable that for such crops as tobacco and potatoes applications of
potash, when the price is normal, may prove to be financially profitable.
Especially is this so Avhen the soils of these different types are low in
organic matter.

Judging from the analyses of the soils of the different types found in
the county, and from such information as has been obtained otherwise
with reference to these soils, it is thought that nitrogen and phosphoric
acid are the two controlling plant-food factors in crop production.
Organic matter, too, with practically all of the soils is of the highest
importance, and should be added in larger quantities than has been the
case heretofore, as would be indicated by the small amount of organic
matter contained at the present time. When leguminous crops and other
cover crops are grown and plowed into the soil to increase the organic
matter supply already present, it will be found that in most cases a fairly
liberal use of lime M-ill be essential for best returns. The experiments
have indicated that A\here lime is used alone or in combination with other
plant-food constituents it makes but poor showing, as does potash with
soils low or only moderately well supplied with organic matter. Where
the organic matter is increased, as should be the case, with the soils of
the county, lime will become nioi*e essential and its ])roper use will be
found to be, in most cases, profitable.

HOW TO SUPPLY THE PLANT-FOOD REQUIREMENTS

Xitrogen. — Soils that show a need for applications of nitrogen can
usually be considered as deficient in organic matter, and when the or-
ganic matter is high the nitrogen content is also relatively high. Analy-
ses and field results have shown that the soils of the county are generally
low in nitrogen. One of the main problems for farmers is, therefore, to
supply this constituent in large quantities and as cheaply as possible.
Tlie chief means that must be used in supplying this constituent will be
by the growing of suitable leguminous crops on the land and the turn-

The Bulletin

25

tL^

FiC. 9. — Typical farm home.

Fig. 10. — Second growth of pine forest on Cecil sandy loam soil, just north of Ciastonia.

26 The Bulletin

ing of all or part of these into the soil. By such a plan not only would
the nitrogen be increased, hut the physical properties of the soil would
be greatly improved by the addition of the organic matter.

Other materials that may be depended upon are commercial fertilizers
and farm manures. The commercial materials carrying nitrogen are
usually quite exjiensive. It is frequently difficult to have low^-priced
products like corn pay well for other than moderate applications of com-
mercial forms of nitrogen. Where cotton is grown and the prices secured
are fairly good for the lint, farmers may usually use commercial forms
of nitrogen and have them prove profitable if they are properly combined
with other materials that will supply the other needs of the crop grown
on their particular soils.

Where grains and grasses are the principal crops, other sources than
the commercial ones will have to be depended upon usually. Barnyard
manure furnishes one of the most desirable sources of this constituent, as
there are contained large amounts of organic matter with the nitrogen
and moderate amounts of phosphoric acid and potash. This material, how-
ever, is not a well balanced fertilizer for the soils of the county, and it
will therefore have to be supplemented by materials carrying the required
fertilizing constituents needed by the soils of the county, the chief of
which, as indicated above, is phosphoric acid for the Cecil soils after
nitrogen has been provided. As valuable as this material is, the supply
of organic matter and nitrogen cannot be kept up by having to depend
upon the manure produced on the farm, as this amount is relatively very
small as compared with the acreage usually devoted to the growing of
crops.

Phosphoric Acid. — This constituent is very low in the soils of the
county. With the farmer it is necessary for him, in order that his profits
may be greatest, to use the source of phosphoric acid that is going to give
the highest net returns. Taking everything into consideration, the two
commercial forms that will have to be depended upon at the present time
are acid phosphate and basic slag. Of course, there wdll be added to the
soil a considerable amount of phosphoric acid when manure, cotton-seed
meal, soy-bean meal, or ground bone is used alone or when such mate-
rials as tankage and fish-scrap are added to the soil. Where large
amounts of organic matter are being turned into the soil in many cases
it will probably be profitable to add finely ground phosphate rock. The
organic matter in rotting will tend to bring into an available form some
of the phosphoric acid contained in this material. Again, a good plan
in many cases would be to add this material to manure in the stable as
it is being formed, using at the rate of one to two pounds per day broad-
cast over the manure, making the applications about twice per week.

Potash. — With the soils of this county, as well as with Piedmont
soils generally, the least important constituent of the main plant-foods
has been found to be potash. Iredell clay loam has been found to be
lower in this constituent than any other type of soil found in the county.

The Bulletin 27

Generally speaking, the soils of the county contain uiiough potash in
them for the growth of maximum crops for a number of years to come,
but it is usually present largely in a quite insoluble form. It is therefore,
generally, with the soils of this county, more of a problem of making the
supply available than of increasing its content by the addition of mate-
rials supi)lying this constituent. iSTot only do the chemical analyses show
a fairly liberal supply of this constituent in the soils, but experiments
show in all eases that it is far less essential to be applied than is nitrogen
and phosphoric acid, except Avith the latter in the case of the high phos-
phoric acid soils. When the price of potash is as high as it is now, its
use will not usually pay with the ordinary crops of this section, such as
cotton, corn, and small grains.

Lime. — When the main crops of the county, like corn, cotton, and
the small grains, are grown continuously on the land without the turning
in of leguminous crops, lime will not usually be found of primary neces-
sity. HoAvever, Avhen cover crops are used, as they should be on all the
soils, especially on soils low in organic matter, lime usually will be found
essential. Even Avitli those soils high in lime, like the Iredell clay loam
tj^pe, it will no doubt be beneficial to make applications of this constitu-
ent, as the lime in these soils is in the form of silicates, which do not act
in the same beneficial way as does calcium carbonate in the form of
limestone, shells or marl in" neutralizing acidity and in making the soil
sweet and favorable for the growing of leguminous crops.

FERTILIZER MIXTURES TO USE FOR DIFFERENT CROPS

For the average soils occurring in the county, it is recommended
that for cotton 400 to 600 pounds of a mixture containing 10 to 12
per cent available phosphoric acid and 21/2 to 4 per cent of ammonia
be used. When the price of actual potash is not greater than 5 to 6 cents
per pound, it has been found profitable to use at least 2 per cent in the
mixture. However, when the price of potash is as high as at present it
will not generally be found to pay. A mixture that will give approxi-
mately this proportion is the following :

Add Phosphate, 16 per cent 400 Lbs.

Cotton-seed Meal, 71/2 per cent 200 Lbs.

Total 600 Lbs.

Other mixtures may be used in which dried blood, fish-scrap, sulphate
of ammonia, or nitrate of soda may be substituted for the cotton-seed
meal. In making the substitution, it may be done by using 47 pounds
of blood, 75 pounds of fish-scrap, 30 pounds of sulphate of ammonia, or
42 pounds of nitrate of soda for each 100 pounds of cotton-seed meal in
the mixture. If desired, especially on the sandier soils of the county,
one-third to one-half of the nitrogen may be put in at the time the cotton

28 The Bulletin

crop is planted, reserving tlie other lialf to two-thirds to be added as a
side-dressing in the form of sulphate of ammonia or nitrate of soda about
the first of July.

For corn, small grains, grasses, sorghum, grown on average soils in
the county, except of the high phosphoric acid types indicated above,
from 250 to 400 pounds of a mixture containing 10 to 12 per cent avail-
able phosphoric acid and 5 to 6 per cent of ammonia will give good
results. Potash up to l^/o to 2 per cent in the mixture has been found
to pay when this constituent is selling at normal prices. A mixture that
will give approximately the right quantities of nitrogen and phosphoric
acid is as follows :

Acid Phosphate, 16 per cent 200 Lbs.

Cotton-seed Meal, 71/2 per cent 200 Lbs.

Total 400 Lbs.

Here, as above, the other recognized suitable carriers of nitrogen may
be substituted for the cotton-seed meal in the proportions indicated.

For clovers, cowpeas, soybeans, vetch, and other leguminous crops,
300 pounds of 16 per cent acid i^hosphate will usually be found satisfac-
tory on soils containing a moderate amount of organic matter. This
quantity may be increased to 500 pounds to good advantage. Potash
supplying materials are not usually necessary on these soils. In case the
land is very poor, so that the young plants do not start off well, a suffi-
cient amount of cotton-seed meal, dried blood, or other nitrogen-furnish-
ing material may be added Avhich will supply nitrogen to give 1 to 2 per
cent in the mixture. When 300 to 500 pounds of 16 per cent acid phos-
phate is used, 50 to 75 pounds of cotton-seed meal or its equivalent in
nitrogen content of blood, or other nitrogen carrier, may usually be used
to good advantage. If it is discovered after the plants have gotten well
started in this growth that nitrogen is needed, as will be indicated by a
small slow growth and pale sickly ai^pearance, a top dressing of 50 to 75
pounds of nitrate of soda per acre may usually be applied with profit.

With all the fertilizer mixtures given above as the amount of organic
matter turned back into the soil increases, the amount of cotton-seed meal
or other nitrogenous material may be reduced. In fact, when the supply
has been made liberal in the soil it may be possible to entirely leave out
of the mixture any nitrogen-carrying material. It should be the aim of
the farmers of the county, as nearly as practicable, to obtain this con-
dition with their soils.

CROP ROTATION NECESSARY FOR I'ERMANENT SYSTEM OF AiiRIcrLTTRE IX

THE COUNTY

It is the duty of every owner of farm lands in the county to follow
methods of crop rotation and fertilization that shall at least maintain
the producing power of fertile soils and Avhich shall build up the produc-

The Bulletin

29

^^V^ -j^™'-^^ -^i''**^'r^ -^v^Cfv 'f^'- ' ■*-: *^* '■■ ' ISffr: * "' '

FxG. 11. — Preparing laud for corn with a disk harrow.

30 The Bulletin

tivity of the poorer ones. The methods in common use by the farmers
should be such that their soils would become more productive year by
year. The investigations that have been carried on by the Division of
Agronomy in previous years have been conducted primarily to determine
the most economical methods of fertilizing the various soil types of this
and other counties of the State, and to take the information thus secured
and apply it in conjunction with systems of crop rotation for the pur-
pose of increasing the producing power of the soils. From information
thus secured we are able to recommend methods which, if followed by the
farmers of Gaston County, will maintain their soils in a far more pro-
ductive state than they are at the present time, using the methods that
are now commonly in practice. In providing the necessary plant-food
constituents as recommended above, it is necessary to adopt a proper
system of crop rotation if the largest and most profitable returns per acre
are to be secured. The following rotations are recommended as well
adapted for conditions prevailing in the county.

Fi7'st Year. — Corn, with soybeans or cowpeas drilled in row at plant-
ing or before the first cultivation. They may, too, be so\vn broadcast
just before the last cultivation.

Second Year. — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Third Year. — Red clover.

This is a short rotation and is admirably adapted for more wide use
on the grain farms of the county. The corn stover and wheat straw
secured should be ploAved under or fed to stock and the manure carefully
saved and returned to the soil. The soybeans or cowpeas and last crop
of red clover should be turned under after saving the seed.

In starting this rotation on average soils, it is recommended that an
application of 200 to 400 pounds of acid phosphate be used under the
corn and that 74 pounds to 100 pounds of nitrate of soda be used as a
top-dressing alongside of the rows about 2 to 3 inches from the plants
about the first of July. If available, farm manure may be used with the
acid phosphate, and the nitrate in this case could be eliminated entirely.
This fertilization applies to the more extensively tilled soils. The nitro-
gen application could be greatly reduced or left off entirely on new land
or on other soils containing a goodly supply of organic matter. Unless
lime has been applied within the last two or three years, an application
of 2,000 pounds of ground limestone per acre should be added to those
soils on which legumes are to be grown and to those containing a consid-
erable amount of organic matter. The lime should be applied broadcast
and be thoroughly incorporated with the surface soils by means of a disk
or spike-tooth harrow at the time of preparing the land for a corn or
wheat crop.

During the first year wheat or oats are grown on the land they should
receive similar treatment to that recommended for corn. In addition to
the acid phosphate, it would be well to apply 200 to 400 pounds of rock
phosjihate per acre, as this fertilization is for both the wheat and clover
crops that are to follow.

The Bulletin 31

An application of 600 to 800 pounds of rock phosphate per acre to a
good crop of clover before it is turned under in the fall might furnish
much of the pliosphoric acid required by the crops during the second
period of rotation. Within a comparatively short time enough nitrogen
should be furnished by the soybeans, or cowpeas, the clover and the
roughage or stable manure, if the crops are fed and the manure saved
and applied back on the land or the crops are ploAved directly into
the soil after maturity. Then the use of nitrate might be entirely dis-
pensed with. The application of rock phosphate and lime should be
made every four or five years. Live-stock farming in connection with
this rotation might help in improving the productivity of these soils.

FOUR-YEAR ROTATIONS

A good four-year rotation is the same as the above, with oats and soy-
beans or cowpeas following corn the second year.

Other four-year rotations which could be adopted in this county are :

First Year. — Corn.

Second Year. — Crimson clover and cowpeas or soybeans.

Third Year. — Wheat and oats, red clover.

Fourth Year.- — Red clover.

Or for sections of the county in which cotton is grown one similar to
this might be used :

First Year. — Corn.

Second Year. — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Third Year. — Red clover.

Fourth Year. — Cotton, rye.

A similar method of fertilization should be adopted with these four-
year rotations as is given for the three-year rotation.

FIVE- OR SIX-YEAR ROTATIONS

Any of these rotations with two years of pasture added would make
them even better adapted to live-stock farming. Where it is desired to
grow cotton, the following six-year rotation should under an intelligent
supplemental system of fertilization and proper cultivation give good
results.

First Year. — Corn, with cowpeas in the row or sown broadcast just
before the last cultivation.

Second Year. — Cotton, with rye sown broadcast in the cotton after
the first picking and covered with a harrow or light cultivator.

Third Year. — Rye plowed under, cowpeas, wheat or oats.

Fourth Year. — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Fifth Year. — Red clover.

The fertilizer here, too, would be similar to that indicated above for a
three-year rotation.

o

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 7

JULY, 1917

Whole No. 234

COUNTY SOIL REPORT No. 3

REPORT ON
UNION COUNTY SOILS AND AGRICULTURE

Maj) showing soil survey area of Union County. This work was done by the Division of
Agronomy of the State Dejiartment of Agriculture in cooperation with the Bureau of Soils of
the Federal Department of Agriculture.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

k

RALEIGH

Edwards & Broi'ghton Printing Co.

St.\te Printers

1917

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

West Raleigh, K C, June 29, 1917.

Sir: — Herewitli I transmit a Report on the Soils and Agriculture of
Union County. The data on the soils included in the report were gath-
ered in a systematic soil survey of the county made in 1914 in coopera-
tion Avith the Bureau of Soils of the United States Department of Agri-
culture.

In the recommendations Avith reference to the soils and their plant-
food requirements we have been largely guided by the results secured in
carefully conducted soil-tyi^e field experiments in Union and adjoin-
ing counties.

I would recommend that this report be issued as County Report,
No. 3. Respectfully submitted,

C. B. Williams,
Chief, Division of Agronomy.
Approved :

W. A. Graham, Commissioner of Agriculture.

REPORT ON UNION COUNTY SOILS AND AGRICULTURE

By C. B. Williams, W. E. Hearn, J. K. Plummer, and W. F. Pate.

Union County lies in tlie southern part of the State, about midway
between the coast and the mountains, and contains 630 square miles, or
403,200 acres. It is bounded on the north by Mecklenburg, Cabarrus,
and Stanly counties, on the east by Anson County, on the south by South
Carolina, and on the west by South Carolina and Mecklenburg County.

The general surface features of Union County are by far smoother
than most of the Piedmont region in North Carolina. Most of the
county consists of broad, smoothly undulating or gently rolling inter-
streani areas which become more rolling and somewhat hilly as the
streams themselves are approached. Some of the flatter areas are
found in the vicinity of Indian Trail. The roughest surface area is
characterized by steep slopes and broken ridges are developed in the
northern end of the county along Rocky Kiver in a belt about 3 to 6
miles wide and to the south of Stallings along the western border of the
county, and also in a small area in the southeastern corner on each side
of Brown Creek.

The streams in these localities have cut narrow channels of about 50
to 150 feet below the general level of the country, while through the
greater part of the county the streams have cut shallower channels and
the approaches to these are more gradual. Bordering all the streams
are narrow strips of level first bottom-land which is subject to overflow
during freshets. The greater part of the land's surface of Union County
occupies a very favorable position for the operation of all kinds of mod-
ern farm machinery.

The highest elevations so far determined in the county are in the
Avestern part, and the elevation at Weddington is 725 feet. There is a
gradual slope from this point in both an easterly and southeasterly di-
rection. Other elevations along the Seaboard Air Line Kailway are
Indian Trail, 690 feet; Waxhaw, 645 feet; Monroe, 576 feet; Marsh-
ville, 554 feet ; and Wingate, 545 feet above the sea-level.

All of the county is exceptionally well watered by numerous running
streams, and good natural surface drainage exists except on a few of the
flatter and more level areas. Even in these localities open ditches or
tile drains would serve the purpose. On the more rolling and hilly areas
drainage is excessive in many places, resulting in such rapid run-off
of the rain water tliat gullies are frequently formed. Rocky River is
the only stream in the county that has sufficient fall for the develop-
ment of any great amount of watci'-power, and it furnishes ]iower for a
few grist mills and cotton gins.

The county as a whole has good transportation facilities. The Sea-
board Air Line between Wilmington and Charlotte passes through tlie

6

The Bulletin

county and also the main line of the same system from Eichmond and
N'orfolk, Virginia, to Atlanta, traverses the county in a southwestern
direction. A proposed railroad from Pageland, South Carolina, to
Salisbury, Xorth Carolina, would cross the north central part of the
county, passing through Monroe. When this line is completed all sec-
tions of the county will be in close proximity to lines of transportation.
There is a considerable mileage of well graded highways in the county

t^'

>*:'

■ x-'^^>^:^^

Fig. 1. — Scene showing rolling nature of the lands of the county.
A typical house is seen in the background.

and also a few miles of macadam road. The main public roads through-
out the county arc kept in good repair.

According to the 1910 census. Union County has a population of
33,277. Monroe, the county-seat, is 25 miles southeast of Charlotte.
This town, together with "Waxhaw and Marshville, constitute the main
local markets for all kinds of farm produce of the county.

CLIMATE.

The climate of Union County is warm temperate. The winters are
short and comparatively mild, and the summers long, but usually not

The Bulletin

excessively hot. The figures in the appended table, which have been com-
piled from records of the Weather Bureau station at Monroe, are indica-
tive of the general conditions in this county.

NORMAL MONTHLY, SEASONAL, AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION

AT MONROE.

Temperature

Precipitation

Month

Mean

Absolute
Maximum

Absolute
Minimum

Mean

Total

Amount

for the

Driest

Year

Total
Amount
for the
Wettest

Year

December

*F.
42.6
41.2
40.9

*F.
75
78
76

*F.

5

5

—10

Inches
3.46
3.10
4.76

Inches
3.78
2.59
4.15

Inches ]
4.19

January _

5.21

Ffbruary _

5.62

41.6

11.32

10.52

15.02

March

52.3
57.9
68.3

91

92

100

10
17
28

4.15
3.45
3.62

2.22

.85

2.34

4.67

April

3.82

May

3 21

Spring

59.5

11.22

5.41

11.70

June -.

74.6
78.0
76.7

101
103
100

43

47
44

5.11
5.23
7.03

4.34

5.46

11.89

3.88

July -...

4.80

August

19. .38

SiimTner

76.4

17.37

21.69

28.06

September

70.7
59.0
50.1

100
91
80

35
23

9

3.93
3.49
2.90

1.31

.98
3.64

5.09

October

7.52

1.68

Fall

59.9

10.32

5.93

14.29

Year

59.4

103

—10

50.23

43.55

69.07

According to these records the mean annual temperature is 59.4° F.
and the mean annual precipitation about 50 inches. The rainfall is
ample and well distributed throughout the year. Droughts seldom occur,
and damage to crops is rarely suffered, except on the porous soils of the
slate belt. Snows occur frequently, but are generally of short duration.

The average date of the first killing frost in the fall is October 12,
and of the last in the spring, April 21, giving a growing season of about
174 days, which is sufficient for growing a wide range of crops. The
date of the earliest recorded killing frost in the fall is October 3, and of
the latest in the spring, May 10.

The weather during the spring and fall months is almost ideal, and
even during the winter it is sufficiently open to permit a good deal of
farm work, such as clearing the land and plowing.

8 The Bulletin

Union County is favored with a high elevation, excellent natural sur-
face drainage, and healthful and abundant supplies of water from open
and driven wells. The latter type of well is rapidly supplanting the
open ones, being more sanitary and healthful.

AGRICULTURE.

Union County has been settled since the latter half of the eighteenth
century. It has always been an agricultural region, though the manu-
facture of cotton has grown to considerable importance.

Agriculture has passed through several stages from the mere growing
of a few necessaries through the commercial production of live stock and
small grain to the production of cotton mainly, with corn next in impor-
tance, and a varied list of minor products, grown chiefly to supply the
local markets. Not until 1800 was cotton grown commercially. This
was near Waxhaw, and cotton became an important crop in the western
part of the county between this time and the opening of the Civil War.
It was not grown to any extent in the eastern part of the county until
after the war.

About 1820, German farmers living in the northern part of the county
grew tobacco as a commercial crop, rolling the product in hogsheads to
Fayetteville. During the same period, 1820 to 1830, wheat was an im-
portant product. Prevalence of the Hessian fly caused a practical cessa-
tion of wheat growing about the latter year, though the crop was im-
portant for a time later, as will be seen. Flax was another of the crops
important in the early agriculture.

The following table, compiled from the reports of the Federal census,
will serve to indicate roughly the agricultural evolution of the county
since 1850. The statistics also have significance as showing the crops
that have from time to time been profitable to the farmers, and that,
therefore, may un,der certain economic conditions existing or to arise
again become important.

PRINCIPAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF UNION COUNTY, 1850 TO 1910 CENSUSES.

1850
Production

1S60
Production

1870*
Production

1880

Crop

Acreage

Production

Ootton fbales) --

t2,264

39,875

314,421

59,8.56

3,054

301,175

25,098

76,321

585

7.532
33, 653
18,740

4,088
14,520

1,196

203,032

72,308

79,934

256

8,167
16,945

3,176

8,262
12,444

19,090
28,877
14,357
12,464
12

8,336

Corn (bushels) _

0«its (^bii'ihpls)

338,520
101,719

Wheat (bushels)

49,783

67

Potatoes (bushels)

Sweet potatoes (bushels)

Peas and beans (bushels)

7,. 542
34,318

5,645

641

18,000

5,146

222

19,218
504

9

3,467

15,685

♦Acreage not given. tBj

lies of 400 pou

nds.

The Bulletin

PRINCIPAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF UNION COUNTY, 1850 TO 1910

CENSUSES— Continued.

Crop

1890

Acreage

Production

1900

Acreage

Production

1910

Acreage

Production

Cotton (bales)

Corn (bushels)

Oats (bushels) __

Wheat (bushels)

Rye (bushels)

Potatoes (bushels).-

Sweet potatoes (bushels)

Peas and beans (bushels)

Tobacco (pounds)

Wool (pounds)

36,838

29,691

17,239

13,872

21

79

403

1

8,889

327,731

111,115

67,602

99

4,955

36,907

43

120

11,951

45,157

39,970

7,838

15,847

43

52

390

203

34,441

4.52,970

61.670

75,770

360

3.291

28,304

2,075

47,686

38,313

10,746

5,815

62

129

565

510

5.867

22,526

521,883

127,710

33,626

390

12.613

58.595

2,171

105

*1,300

Live Stock

Hogs (number)

Cattle (number)

Sheep (number)

Horses and mules (number).

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

15, 646
9,285

11,635
2,820

12,163
8,236
8,973
2,605

16,603
9.588

10.684
3,376

10.717
7,644
6,696

37,733

9,585
8,329
2,981
5,637

10,055

11,641

2,923

1910

8,850

11,177

1,067

7,076

*Estimate.

All inspection of this table, unsatisfactory as it is, OAving to its frag-
mentary nature, shows in general the same products in 1850 as in 1910,
the most striking feature being merely an increase in the volume of the
production. During this 60-year period cotton and corn, if we omit the
war period, have steadily increased in production ; oats and wheat have
fluctuated very widely, and rye and hay have never been important.
Tobacco increased in importance until 1870, when it declined, and lias
since been practically abandoned ; wool production declined from 18,000
pounds to a little over 1,000 pounds. Wheat and oats were more impor-
tant in 1850 than in 1910.

Of live stock, the number of hogs and sheep was much greater in
1850 than in 1910, and only cattle, horses, and mules have increased
in number.

Horses, hogs, and cattle are raised on most farms, but only a few
sheep and goats are seen. Dairying is not well developed, although the
local markets are supplied with milk and butter, large quantities of
butter being shipped weekly to Monroe, Marshville and Waxhaw. Poul-
try raising is rather well developed and yields considerable revenue.

Some of the best farmers precede their corn and cotton Avith a win-
ter cover crop of crimson clover, vetch and oats, vetch and rye, or rye.
Where no cover crop is used, the best results are obtained by deep fall
or winter plowing, followed by spring plowing and frequent shallov.'
cultivations to insure perfect tilth.

Corn yields best on bottom lands. It has been found that corn planted
in deep furrows, particularly on the rolling uplands, has a better rooting

10 The Bulletin

system, and for this reason withstands the drought better than if planted
2 or 3 inches under the surface. Cocke's Prolific and some yellow dent
varieties give good yields on the Piedmont soils. As spring-sown oats
seldom yield well, on account of the early droughts and rust, only
winter oats are grown in Union County, the principal varieties being
Hundred Bushel and Appier. From October 15 to November 15 is ap-
parently the best time to sow oats in Union County. Oats usually re-
ceive an application of acid phosphate and potash in the proportion of
8-4 or 10-4 at seeding time and a top dressing in early spring of 75 to
100 pounds of nitrate of soda.

At present very little wheat is grown in the county, although a larger
acreage is probable this season than has been customary, owing to the
high prices of breadstuffs.

Best results are obtained from crimson clover where the land has
received an application of something like 2,000 to 3,000 pounds of car-
bonate of lime per acre prior to seeding. In many localities inoculation
of the seed is necessary. Clover is sown at the last cultivation of the
corn, after the first picking of cotton, or in cowpeas. Vigorous growths
are obtained when 200 to 400 pounds per acre of acid phosphate are
applied. Crimson clover is sown in this county from September 15 to
October 5. It is often sown with oats for hay. For successful growth
red clover requires inoculation on land where it has not been previously
grown, and usually as heavy application of lime as for success with
crimson clover. Bermuda grass is counted one of the best pasture
grasses in the county.

There is no system of crop rotation generally practiced throughout
the county. A few farmers follow a definitely planned cropping sys-
tem which could be profitably applied to most of the soils of the county.
Where general farming is followed a good rotation now in use is as fol-
lows : First year, cotton, sowing crimson clover in the fall ; second
year, corn, sowing cowpeas at last cultivation ; third year, a small-grain
crop, sowing cowpeas again after harvesting crop, to be followed by a
nitrogen-gathering crop. The soil so treated shows steady improvement
and many farmers are now beginning to practice this rotation. Others
alternate corn and cotton, with no winter cover crop. The slate and
granite soils, with the exception of the slaty and shallow phases in the
''slate belt," produce good yields of corn, cotton, oats, wheat, cowpeas,
rye, and where lime and inoculated seed have been used, the clovers and
vetches. Rye does best on sandy soils. Wheat, oats, and clovers prefer
the heavier types of the Georgeville and Cecil series. Sweet potatoes,
peanuts, and early truck crops make their best development on the light
sandy loams. Cabbage, Irish potatoes, sweet corn, tomatoes, and straw-
berries do best on the sandy loams and the Cecil clay loam. The lighter
areas of the sandy loams and the slate soils give the best returns with
apples, peaches, pears, grapes, and other fruits. The Cecil and George-

The Bulletin 11

ville soils give a liiglier color uiul better flavor to all fruits. The Dur-
ham soils are well adapted to the production of bright tobacco.

The farmers of this county are using larger quantities of commercial
fertilizer each year. The most common formulas used are 8-2-2 and
S-3-3. For cotton applications usually from 200 to 400 pounds per acre
are used. Oats generally receive 200 to 300 pounds of 8-4 or 10-4 at
sowing time, nitrogen being applied in early spring in the form of ni-
trate of soda at the rate of about 100 pounds per acre. Many farmers
buy cotton-seed meal, acid phosphate, and kainit or muriate of potash and
mix them at home in the proportions suitable for their individual needs.
Watermelons regularly receive acreage applications of 8 to 10 loads of
stable manure and 400 to 500 pounds of a fertilizer analyzing 8-3-3.
Throughout the county the soils are prevailingly light in color, indi-
cating a deficiency in organic matter.

Efficient farm laborers are usually paid about 75 cents to $1 a day.
Women receive about 50 cents. Monthly wages range from $15 to $20
with board, or else a dwelling-house, firewood, and garden patch. Cot-
ton pickers receive from 50 to 75 cents per hundred pounds, the Higher
rate prevailing near the close of the season. Most of the laborers are
negroes. There is a growing tendency for the farmer to cultivate only as
much land as he and his family can successfully care for without the aid
of hired labor.

According to the census, there were 3,793 farms in the county in 1900
and 4,856 in 1910, showing an increase of 1,063; but there was only
a slight increase in the acreage of cultivated land.

Before the Civil War farms and plantations contained from 1,000 to
4,500 acres, particularly in the western half of the county; but since
that period these large tracts have been divided and now only about
3V2 per cent of the farms in the county contain more than 260 acres,
while 74.3 per cent contain less than 100 acres, the average size for the
entire county being 74.1 acres.'^ Small holdings of 20 to 50 acres are
most numerous.

According to the 1910 census, 43 per cent of the farms in Union
County are operated by the owners, 56.8 per cent by tenants, and 0.2
per cent by managers. Farms are rented either for cash or on shares,
the latter being the most common practice. Where the land alone is
supplied, the owner receives one-fourth to one-third of the crops pro-
duced. Where the owner furnishes the land, work stock, feed for stock,
implements, and one-half the fertilizer, he receives one-half of all the
crops produced.

Land values vary greatly, being governed by location and improve-
ments. In a narrow strip 3 to 6 miles in width south of Rocky River
land can be bought at $8 to $15 an acre. Some parts of this section,
which support a good timber growth of red, white, and post oak, heart
pine, and hickory, bring higher prices, depending upon the quantity

>The census tabulates each tenancy as a "farm."

12

The Bulletin

of merchantable timber and the character of the topography. Farm
lands in the vicinity of Monroe, Marshville, and Waxhaw sell for $35 to
$75 an acre, while 5 to 10 miles from these towns the price ranges be-
tween $20 and $40 an acre.

The variety of soils, favorable topographic position, and healthful
climate of Union County are favorable to the development of a highly

■->4^;'

i
Fir. 2.-

-A typical forest growth of pines.

diversified agriculture. All the soils in the county have clay subsoils,
which underlie the surface at no great depth. This permits the land
to be built u]) to a high state of productiveness and to be easily main-
tained in that coundition.

SOILS AND THEIR ORIGIN.

Union County lies wholly within the Piedmont plateau ])rovInce, and
all of its soils, with the exception of small strips of bottom land, have
been formed through the process of decay from the underlying rocks.
This is one of the so-called slate counties of the State, and about 90

The BuLLETiisr 13

per cent of the soils in this connty have been derived from the slate
rock. The slate when fresh is dark green, dark to light blue or gray-
ish, but upon weathering and oxidation the colors become brilliant,
and shades of purple, blue, green, red, yellow, and gray are common.

The slate rocks are fine-grained. Soils derived from them are silty
in texture, having a smootli, floury feel. Through the weathering of
these rocks the Georgeville and Alamance soils are formed. The
Georgeville soils are gray to red in the surface and have red silty clay
subsoils. The Alamance soils are light gray to whitish in the surface
portion and have yellow friable subsoils. The red color of the George-
ville soils is due to the large amount of iron in the slate rock or to a fur-
ther oxidation of the iron than is seen in the lighter color of the Ala-
nmnce. The Georgeville series embraces the silt loam, gravelly silt
loam, silty clay loam, and slate loam types. The Alamance series em-
braces silt loam, silt loam of shallow phase, gravelly silt loam, and slate
loam types. Generally these slates have weathered to a depth of 2 to 4
feet or more, but in many places the broken slate occur near the surface
and frequently outcrops on the knolls and ridges. Distributed over a
considerable part of the surface are many smooth rounded brown or
gray pebbles and fine platy thin fragments of slate.

Along the western border and in the southwestern part of the county
are granite, gneiss, and diorite rocks. These rocks differ in their com-
position from the slates, and the soils derived from them are entirely
different in texture and structure. Most of these rocks are high in
potash and carry a large percentage of quartz which upon breaking
down furnishes the sand so characteristic of these soils. The granites
and gneiss decay into the Cecil and Durham soils. The Cecil soils are
gray to red in tlie surface portion, and have red, hard brittle clay sub-
soils. The Cecil sandy loam, fine sandy loam, and clay loam occur.
The Durham soils are light gray, underlain by yellow friable clays,
and two types, the Durham sandy loam and fine sandy loam, were
mapped. The rocks forming the Cecil soils contain a higher percent-
age of the iron-bearing minerals than those giving rise to the Durham
and the oxidation of this gives the intense red color to the Cecil soils.

The dark green or "nigger head" rocks, known as diorite, occin-ring
in the western part of the county, give rise to the Iredell loam. This
is a dark gray to brown soil and has a sticky, waxy, yellowish-green
or yellowash-brown clay subsoil which is readily distinguished from its
associated soils. The subsoil frequently rests upon the bedrock at 20
or 30 inches below the surface.

Gray to red medium textured sandstone and blue shale rocks occur
in the extreme southeastern corner of the county. These rocks decay
into a gray soil having a yellow or mottled yellow and gray subsoil
grading into red Avithin the 3-foot section. This soil has been classed as
the Granville sandy loam.

Bordering the streams are bottom lands or alluvial soils representing

14

The Bulletin

material washed from the uplands and deposited by overflow waters.
This material has been separated into two types according to the color,
drainage and crop value. The brown bottom soil is the Congaree silt
loam, while the whitish or gray bottom land has been mapped as the
Wehadkee silt loam.

The following table gives the names and the actual and relative ex-
tent of the several soils mapped in the county:

AREAS OF DIFFERENT SOILS.

Scil

Acres

Per Cent

Soil

Acres

Per Cent

Alamance silt loam

94,528
4,992
68,096
62,592
56,064
20,160
19,776
13,760
13,376
13,376

24.7

Cecil fine sandy loam

Iredell loam . ...

9,408
9,280
5,952
4,416
4.096

2.3
2.3

Alamance gravelly silt loam..
Georgeville gravelly silt loam.
Georgeville silt loam

16 9
15.5
13.9

Cecil sandy loam .

1 5

Durham sandy loam

Wehadkee silt loam .

1.1
1.0

Congaree silt loam

5.0 i Durham fine sandv loam. .! 1.792

.5

Georgeville silty clay loam

4.9
3.4
3.3
3.3

Granville sandy loam

Total

1,536

.4

403,200

ALAMANCE SILT LOAM.

About one-fourth of the county, or 94,528 acres, are included in the
Alamance silt loam. It is the most extensive and widely distributed
soil in the county. Some of the largest areas lie to the south of Mon-
roe, east of Mount Prospect Church, along the Seaboard Air Line Rail-
way between Bakers and Stout, and to the south of Brief.

This soil is locally called "white floury land" because of its mellow,
smooth, silty texture and whitish appearance. The first few inches of
the surface is a light gray silt loam, passing into a yellowish gray to
pale yellow silt loam, which extends to a depth of 6 to 10 inches. The
subsoil is a yellow compact but friable silt loam to silty clay loam.
On the ridges and better drained areas the lower part of the 3-foot
section may show a reddish tinge, while upon the flatter areas or
slightly depressed situations mottlings with shades of gray and white
are common. Occasionally on the ridges and knolls a few white quartz
rock and fine slaty fragments are present.

The surface of this soil is prevailingly smooth, being flat to gently
rolling and most favorable for the use of farm machinery. All of it
excepting the flatter and more depressed areas is well drained. Open
ditches or tile drains will serve every purpose for adequate drainage.

In its natural condition it is deficient in organic matter and is not
highly productive, but when supplied with vegetable matter, manure,
lime, and fertilized, it gives good yields of corn, oats, wheat, rye, cot-

The Bulletin

15

ton, sweet and Irish potatoes, and garden vegtables. This soil when
plowed under proper moisture conditions works np to a good tilth and
is easily cultivated. It responds readily to manure and fertilizers.

Alainance Silt Loam, Shallow Phase. — This phase occurs in small
areas and has been shown on the soil map by cross lines upon the Ala-
mance silt loam color. It was separated from the Alamance silt loam

' H

Fig. 3. — A not uncommou type of modern road seen in llie county.

because the broken shale or solid bedrock comes Avithin 8 to 15 inches
of the surface and frequently outcrops or has only a thin covering of
soil over the rock. Scattered over the surface there is a large quantity
of fine slate particles and occasionally a few quartz rock.

It occupies narrow ridges, knolls, and the steeper slopes adjacent to
the streams. It is well drained and also droughty, due to the nearness
of the underlying rock. It is liable to bake and pack and is greatly
benefited by coarse manures or turning under green manuring crops.
Its agricultural value is considerably lower than that of the Alamance
silt loam.

16

The Bulletin

In the following table is given the analyses of Alamance silt loam
type of soil and subsoil :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

•

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-

stituents Per Acre.

Percentage Composition

Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,

2,000,000 Lbs.

Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,

8,000,000 Lbs.

1 Phos-

Phos-

Nitrogen

phoric

Potash

Lime

Nitrogen

phoric

Potash

Lime

(N)

Acid

(P2O6)

(K2O)

(CaO)

(N)

Acid
(P2O5)

(K2O)

(CaO)

Surface 1 „ /
Subsoil ) 2 mm. 1

.080

.025

.477

.172

1302

407

7766

2800

.045

.049

.535

.204

3485

3795

41430

15798

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Surface soil.
Subsoil

1.9
0.6

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

2.9
0.9

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

1.4
0.4

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

4.1
0.9

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

13.0
13.9

Silt,
Per Cent

63.1
33.6

Clay,
Per Cent

13.7
49.1

ALAMANCE GRAVELLY SILT LOAM.

This soil is locally the 'Svhite gravel land" and is the second largest
type in the county, covering as it does 68,096 acres. The surface soil is
whitish to light gray or yellowish-gray silt loam, having a depth of 5 to
8 inches. The subsoil is a yellow silty cla}^ loam or brittle clay having
a depth of 3 feet or more. Distributed over the surface and mixed with
the soil is approximately 15 to 50 per cent of small smooth flat rounded
brown and gray shale particles, giving the roads and abandoned fields
a brown appearance. Some red or reddish-yellow colorations may be
noticed in the subsoil on the ridges and bordering the Georgeville types,
while shades of gray and white are seen in the flatter or depressed areas.
Adjoining the Iredell loam the subsoil is somewhat variable and a
brown tough clay is frequently found.

The gravelly silt loam is well distributed over the nortliern and
eastern parts of the county, occurring in large areas to the north and
south of Marshville, south of Olive Branch, in the vicinity of Euto,
and around Benton Cross Roads Church. Its surface is gently rolling
to rolling, having smoothly rounded slopes and knolls and lying favor-
ably for farming operations with improved machinei-y.

In crop adaption and yields the gravelly silt loam is quite similar
to the Alamance silt loam. It is claimed by the farmers that the pres-
ence of the rounded and platy particles of slate cause the soil to be
easier to till, renders it more retentive of moisture, and is less liable

The Buli^ktin

17

to bake or run together than the silt loam. These particles also prevent
to a noticeable extent surface washing and erosion. Like the other Ala-
mance types, it is deficient in vegetable matter, and this can be supplied
by turning under green manuring crops or by the addition of barnyard
manure. Deeper plowing and thorough pulverization of the soil is
recommended for increasing the yields.

In the following table is given the analyses of Alamance gravelly
silt loam type of soil and subsoil :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitroger

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface ) f
Subsoil / 2 mm. |

.066
.047

.075
.049

.352
1.082

.347
.204

853
3102

969
3234

4548
71412

4483
13464

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil-
Subsoil

Fine

(jravel,

Per Cent

1.9
0.6

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

2.9
0.9

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

1.4
0.4

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

4.1
0.9

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

13.0
13.9

Silt,
Per Cent

63.1
33.6

Clay,
Per Cent

13.7
49.1

ALAMANCE SLATE LOAM.

The fine inatei'ial of the surface portion of this soil consists of a gray
silt loam underlain at about 6 inches by a pale yellow compact silt
loam or silty clay loam which extends to a depth of 10 to 18 inches.
Below this is found broken slate or bedrock. In places the slate rock
outcrops or immediately underlies a thin covering of surface soil. Gray
or bluish slate fragments of varying sizes are strewn over the surface
and mixed with the soil. These fragments interfere with cultivation,
and only the less stony areas are cultivated. Most of the type should be
devoted to pasturage or forestry purposes.

It is excessivley drained, and crops suffer from ordinary droughts.
There are almost 14,000 acres of this type developed on the ridges,
knolls, and hilly areas scattered throughout the southeastern, central,
and extreme northern parts of the county. Some corn, cotton, and
sorghum are grown on the areas where there are a few inches of sub-

18

The Bulletin

soil and the least amount of slaty fragments. The yields of these crops
are generally less than upon the associated slaty soils.

In the following table is given the analyses of Alamance slate loam
type of soil and subsoil:

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.*

1

Pounds

of Total Plant Food Con-

1

stituents Per Acre.

Percentage Composition

Surface Soil to Depth of 6j Inches,

2,OCO,000 Lbs.

Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,

8,000,000 Lbs.

Pho.s-

Phos-

Nitrogen, ohoiic

Potash

Lime

Nitrogen phoric

Potash

Lime

(N)

Acid
(P2O5)

■(K2O)

(CaO)

(N)

Acid
{P2O5)

(K2O)

(CaO)

Surface) „ /

., } 2 mm. <
Subsoil J \^

.101

.096

1.83

.30

915

870

16580

2718

.042

.131

3.14

.101

3360

10480

251200

8080

*Tlie analysis of this type is of a sample taken in Cabarrus County.

GEORGEVILLE SILT LOAM.

Almost oiie-.seventh, or about ."iG^OOO acres, of Union County is cov-
ered by the Georgeville silt loam. The surface to a depth of 6 to 10
inches is a silt loam having a lnello^^' structure and floury feel, and
ranging in color from a light gray to dull red. It is underlain by
yellowish red silty clay loam which quickly grades into a dull red or
bright red, brittle silty clay, usually extending to a depth of 3 feet,
hut occasionally at 21/- feet i)urpli.sh slate rocks are reached. On eroded
sloi)es the silty surface soil has in places been removed, exposing the
red silty clay.

This is one of the iiHi)orfaiit types of the county, occurring in large
areas to the south and northwest of Monroe, south of Pleasant Grove
Church, in the vicinity of Beulah Church, to the south of ITnionville,
and also in many scattering bodies. It has a gently rolling to rolling
surface, rlie smoother and moi-e level portions occurring on the broader
divides. Near Rocky River and tlic largcu- creeks and along the South
Carolina line it becomes hilly ;ind mngli in ])laces. All of it is natur-
ally well drained.

This soil is easy to till if liandhHl under proper moisture conditions;
otherwise it is liable to bake slightly or dry out in clods. It should be
plowed and filled with vegetable matter or given a liberal application
of barnyard manure. The effects of the vegetable matter are quite
lasting, due to the firm clay sul)soil. Lime is beneficial and profitable,
when used ])roperly.

The main crops are corn, cotton, oats, clover, and cowpcas, while
sweet potatoes, garden v(>getables, and fruits are also grown. Corn

TilK JiuLLETlN

19

riolds 15 to 40 busliels, cotton 1/4 to 1 bale, oats 15 to 65 busliels, and
iowpea hay 1/2 to 1 ton per acre. Clover does fairly well where the
loil has been limed and the seed inoculated before sowing. This is one
)f the valuable soils of the county.

In the following table is given the analyses of Georgeville silt loam
ype of soil and subsoil:

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composit.'on

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per .Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 2S Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O).

, Lime
(CaO)

urface") (
ubsoil j ' \

.044
.029

.053
.024

.56
.916

.282
.193

844
2278

1017
1885

10741
72747

5409
15162

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
iubsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Pel Cent

0.5
0.0

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

1.4
0.1

1.4
0.2

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

4.0
0.4

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

7.8
0.6

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay.
Per Cent

67.5
45.3

17.3
53.6

GEORGEVILLE GRAVELLY .SILT LOAiM.

The Georgeville gravelly silt loam is distinguished from the silt loam
>n account of approximately 15 to 50 per cent of small rounded smooth
)r()wn and gray slaty particles distributed over the surface and mixed
vith the soil. The roads and even the fields where plowing has not
)een done recently present a brown appearance.

The surface is a yellowish gray to reddi.sh yellow silt loam or loam
■anging in depth from 6 to 12 inches. The subsoil is a dull red brittle
lilty clay, usually extending to a de})th of 3 feet. In places the ujjper
ubsoil is a pinkish red or salmon red silty clay loam which quickly
grades into the red silty clay. Occasionally angular fragments of .slate
)r shale and even quartz occur on the surface.

This is one of the largest and most important types, covering as it
loes 62,592 acres. It is the main .soil in llic northeastern part of the
iounty. Large areas also occur around Monroe, along Kichardson
^reek, and to the south of Rocky l\iver. Its surface comprises gently
•oiling area?: having smoothly rounded slopes and knolls and Iving

20

The Bulletin

favorably for the use of improved machinery. The natural drainage
is splendid and the presence of the gravel and slate particles seems to
prevent washing and erosion. This gravel also has a beneficial effect
in rendering the soil more open and porous, and also to prevent baking
or running together of the fine material.

The Georgeville gravelly silt loam is used principally for the grow-
ing of corn and cotton. However, all crops common to the county are

rri'^iiCTiraiEi

Fig. 4. — A typical modern farm home.

successfully produced. Corn yields from 15 to 40 bushels, cotton 14 to
1 bale, oats 10 to 65 bushels, and cowpeas I/2 to 1 ton of hay per acre.
Clovers do well where lime is applied and inoculation is given the seed
or soil. Apples, peaches, pears, and figs give fair returns. This soil,
owing to its good clay foundation, is capable of high improvement by
turning under green manuring crops or barnyard manure and by
deeper plowing, together with the addition of a liberal application of
lime.

Thk Bulletin

21

In the following table is given the analyses of Georgeville gravelly
silt loam type of soil and subsoil :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

1

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre,
Surface Soil to Depth of 6j Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
.8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(KoO)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2OS)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ f
„ , ., > 2 mm. <
Subsoil J \

,083

.065

1,291

.263

872

683

1.3.556

2762

.059

.044

1,641

.403

4215

•

3143

117233

2S790

•

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS. .

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent .

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay.
Per oent

Surface soil

Subsoil

0,5
0.0

1,4
0,1

1.4

0.2

4.0
0.4

7,8
0,6

67,5
45.3

17.3
53 6

GEORGEVILLE SILTY CLAY LOAM.

There are about 20,000 acres of the Georgeville silty clay loam in
Union County, the largest areas occurring in the western part to the
north and northeast of Waxhaw. The type is locally known as "red
land" and is the heaviest soil in the slate belt.

The surface soil is a red silty clay loam or heavy loam to a depth
of 4 to 6 inches, underlain by a deep red heavy silty clay extending to
a depth of 3 feet or more. This subsoil is hard and brittle when dry
and jilastic when wet. In spots the surface soil is a yellowish-gray
to yellowish-red silt loam and frequently a few quartz fragments or
slate particles are present on the surface.

The natural drainage is splendid, as all of the surface is more or
less rolling and erosion has been quite active in places, resulting in
the formation of shallow gullies. Ked, white, and post oak and some
hickory, i)oplar, and short-leaf pine are the principal trees on the
undeveloped areas.

This soil is used for the groAving of corn, oats, clover, cowpeas, and
cotton. It is best suited to the production of corn, wheat, clover, and
cowpeas. The type is capable of being built up to a high state of pro-
ductiveness by deeper plowing, the incorporation of organic matter,
either by turning under gr(>en manuring crops or by the addition of

22

The Bui.letin

barnyard mauure. Since the soil is heavy, being fine in texture and
rather compact, it requires strong teams and heavy machinery for
the most profitable handling of the type.

In the following table is given the analyses of (xeorgeville silty clay
loam type of soil and subsoil :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 61 Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 2S Inches,
8.000.000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PsOs).

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P205i

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 „ f
Subsoil ) 2 mm. 1

.065
.012

.105
.115

.457
2.083

.293
.196

1093
960

1766
9200

.7687
1666^0

.4928
15680

-

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Pei Cent

Mec'ium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine
Sand,
^ Per Cent

Very Fir.e

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface sail

Subsoil

1.2
0.1

2.0

0.2

1.0

0.2

3.6
1.5

5.0
2.9

43.0
39.6

43 9

55.5

GEORGEVILLE SLATE LOAM.

The slate loam type covers about 13,000 acres and is developed
mainly in the northeastern part of the county. It represents the rough-
est surface features of any soil in the county, consisting of strongly
rolling to hilly areas bordering the larger streams. These slopes, how-
ever, have a comparatively smooth surface, and erosion is not very
active.

This soil is distinguished from the silt loam on account of the large
quantity of slate and shale rock fragments, ranging from 1 to 6 inches
in diameter and being distributed over the surface and mixed with the
soil. Usually the bedrock or broken slate is reached within 3 feet of
the surface, and then outcrops in places.

Owing to the prevailingly rough surface and the presence of the slate
fragments which interfere to a considerable extent with cultivation,
very little of the Georgeville slate loam is cultivated. Most of the
type is best suited to pasturage purposes and apple growing, and the
rougher areas to forestry.

The Eii.i.KTix

23

In the following tiible is given the analysis of Georgevillc slate loam
type of soil and snhsoil :

AVEHA(;K CHEMICAL ANALSYIS.

•

Percentage Coiuposiiidii

Pounds of Total Plant Pood Con-

stituent^; Per .\ere.

Surface Soil to Depth of 61 Inches.

2,000,000 Lbs.

Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,

8,000,000 lAs.

1

I Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
.'Vcid

(P20i)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

1

Surface \ „ / .133

£, , ., > 2 mm. <^

Subsoil J \ .053

.183

.072

1.86
1.91

.272
.154

976
1976

1343
2684

13650
71205

1996
5741

CECIL SANDY LOAM.

This is one of the best general pui-pose soils in the cunnty, being easy
to till and responding readily to good treatment and fertilization. The
surface soils are gray or light brown sandy loam or sandy soil with
a red stiff brittle clay subsoil. Small scales of mica, quartz, gravel,
and stones occasionally occur on the surface. In places there is a
considerable amount of coarse sand, and fine gravel in the soil portion.

Fair sized areas of this soil, aggregating about 6,000 acres, occur in
the southwestern side of the county, to the south and southwest of
Waxhaw^, in the vicinity of Weddington, and west of Antioch Church.
It occupies gently rolling to rolling surface features, being hilly and
somewhat gullied near the sti-cams; all of it being well drained and
warms up early in the spring.

Upon this soil are grown some of all the crops common to the county,
and good yields are generally obtained. It is considered one of the
best soils in the region for truck crops, sweet potatoes, berries, and
fruits.

In the following table is given the analyses of CVcil sandy loaiii
type of soil and subsoil :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage (

"^Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
st it rents Per .Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6^ Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PoO-,)

Pot ash
(K.O)

Lime
(CaOi

Surface \ ., /
Subsoil / - "'"'■ {

.-044
033

030
.047

.23
.245

.191
.243

786
2492

536
3549

2054
18.502

3411
1835 1

24

The Bulletin

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

/

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

•

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

3.9
2.4

21.2
9.2

13, !>
4.4

27.3
9.3

15.4
6.8

13.5

28.2

4.8
39.6

CECIL FINE SANDY LOAM.

There are about 9,400 acres of Cecil fine saiidy loam in the south-
western corner and along the western border of the county. The more
prominent areas are situated in the vicinity of Weddington, Gordon
Store, north of Stallings, and west of Waxhaw. This soil is similar to
the Cecil sandy loam, except that it is finer in texture and of a more
mealy and loamy structure. It is a gray to light brown fine sandy
loam, underlain by a bright red, stiff tough clay, usually extending to
a depth of several feet. Spots of reddish-brown loam are found here
and there, and such areas are heavier and are liable to clod and bake
if not plowed and harrowed under proper moisture conditions.

Most of this type is developed on the broader interstream areas,
whose surface is gently rolling to rolling, and has excellent natural
surface drainage. It is easily handled with modern farm machinery.
Crops and yields on this soil are practically equivalent to those on the
sandy loam.

In the following table is given the analyses of Cecil fine sandy loam
type of soil and subsoil :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Coin position

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6j Iilches.
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potasli
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phf)rio

Acid
(PjOo)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ . /
Subsoil) '""''■[

.032
.041

.003'
.069

.24
.616

.221
.21

575
3280

54
5520

4315

49280

3974
16800

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil-
Subsoil

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

10

0.2

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

2.4
0.7

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

3.5
I.l

Fine

Sand,

I'cr Cent

29.5
7.8

Very Fine.

Sand,
Per Cent

32.4
9.8

Silt,
Per Cent

23.3
24.9

Clay,
Per Cent

7.7
55.5

The Bulletin

25

CECIL CLAY LOAM.

This is the "red clay land" of the southwestern corner of the county.
It is the granite red clay as distinguished from the Georgeville silty
clay loam derived from the slate rock. There are about 13,000 acres
of this soil. The soil is a red or reddish-brown clay loam or loam to a
depth of 4 to 8 inches.

It is underlain by a bright rod stiff clay extending to a depth of sev-
eral feet. The immediate surface may have a few inches of reddish-
brown sandy loam, and this causes the soil to work into a better tilth
than is usually obtained upon the heavy red clay. There are spots of
dark brown or snuff-colored clay loam, commonly known as "dead land"
or "push land," because it does not slide readily fi-om the plowshare.

The natural drainage is good for all of the type, as the surface is
gently rolling to hilly. Terracing the slopes to prevent washing and
gullying is practiced to some extent. The growing of winter cover crops
and deeper plowing M'ould retard in a large measure surface washing.

Corn yields from 15 to 60 bushels per acre, cotton, y^ to ^ bale,
cowpeas from 1 to 2 tons of hay, or 10 to 20 bushels of seed per acre.
Oats, wheat, and clover, as well as garden vegetables, do well upon
this soil. The i)roduetion of small grains should be increased, as good
yields can be obtained when the soil is properly handled.

Some of the best farmers have increased yields very greatly by
deeper plowing, preferably in the fall, rebreaking and harrowing in
the spring, and by frequent cultivation, together with the turning
under of coarse manures, cowpeas, or clover. It is naturally one of
the strongest soils of the county and one capable of being imi)rovod to
high state of productivity.

In the following table is given the analyses of Cecil clay loam type
of soil and subsoil : ^^.^^^^^ chemical analysis.

Percentage Composiliau

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,00(),(!l)l) Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

* Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PsOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Surface \ „ f
Subsoil / 2 -"^- {

.029
.064

.052
.008

.59
1.96

.223
.212

580
5120

1040
640

11800
156800

4460
16960

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

3.4
0.9

I Coarse
Sand,
[Per Cent

10.1
5.3

Medium

Sand,'

Per Cent

4.0

Fine?
Sand. I
Pet Cenf

20.8
9.8

VerylFine

Sand,
Per Cent

8.4
5.6

Silt,
Per Cent

20.0
17.6

Cla.v.
Per Cent

28.5
56.7

26

The Bulletin

burha:^! sandy* loam.

This is a whitish or light gray sandy h\ud of the county and is de-
veloped along the Mecklenburg County line and also to the southwest
of Waxhaw on the South Carolina line. There are about 4,400 acres
of this land in Union County.

The surface soil is a gray to whitish sandy loam, grading at about
6 inches into a pale yellow sandy loam extending to a depth of 10 to 18

Fig. 5. — SpreadiiiK manure on tlic Alaiiianic sill lo iin
type of soil on stubble for a corn cro)).

inches. The subsoil is a yelloAV friable heavv saiidv clav or clav. it
may be mottled in the lower part of the 3-foot section with red upon tbe
knolls and ridges, while shades of gray are seen in the poorly drained
places. A'ear Antioch Church the soil is a coarse sandy or fine gravelly
loam, being loose and porous.

h lias a smooth to gently rolling surface, drains out splendidly,
warms up early in the spring, and is very easily handled with any
kind of farm machincrv. This soil is decidedly lacking in organic

The Bulletin

27

matter, and the supply of this woukl greatly increase the yields and
render the soil ninch more retentive of moisture. Bright tobacco is
especially well suited to this soil, and similar soils are used for the
production of this crop in Durham and other counties. Sweet pota-
toes, peanuts, watermelons, cantaloupes, and sorghum-cane give good
returns. The main crops grown are corn, cotton, and cowpeas, and
the yields of these are generally low except where the soil has been
heavily fertilized or manured.

In the following table is given the analyses of Durham sandy loam
type of soil and subsoil :

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-

stituents Per Acre.

Surface Soil to Depth of 6' Inches,

Pcicentage Composition

2,000,000 Lbs.

Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,

8,000.000 Lbs.

1 Phos-

Phos-

Nitrogen

phoric

Potash

Lime

Nitrogen

phoric

Potash

Lime

•

(N)

Acid

(P2O5)

(K2O)

(CaO)

(N)

Acid
(P2O5)

(K2O)

(CaO)

Surface V . (

.12

.015

.18

.241

2400

300

3600

4820

Subsoil /-'""'•I

.056

.033

.39

.111

4399

848

30638

8720

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

6.3
4.G

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

23.7
12.4

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

17.1
11.2

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

17.4
16.7

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

14.0
12.1

Silt,
Per Cent

17.9
17.7

Clay.
Per Cent

3.8
25.5

DURHAM FINE SANDY LOAlf.

This is one of the smallest types in the county and is confined to
small areas in the vicinity of Marvin and to a few isolated patches lying
to the soutli of Waxhaw. The soil is a light gray fine sandy loam
grading into a pale yellow fine sandy loam at about 4 to 6 inches and
extending to a depth of 8 to 20 inches. The subsoil is a yellow friable
fine sandy chiy or clay. The ty4De occupies the high ridges, being
gently rolling to rolling, and has excellent natural drainage.

The crops and yields on this soil are quite similar to tliose on the
Durham sandy loam. This soil needs organic matter, and this can
best be supplied by turning under green manuring crops. Usually
frequent and shallow cultivation serves every purpose for this soil.

28

Thk Bulletin

In the following table is given the analyses of Durham fine sandy-
loam type of soil and subsoil:

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6i Inches,
2,000.000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Siu'face \ „ /
Subsoil / 2 '"'"• 1

.012
.02

.003
.015

.542
2.052

.17
.21

240
1600

60
1200

10840
164160

3400
16800

Surface soil-
Subsoil

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

3.8

4.8

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

11.6
10.0

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

15.2
9.8

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

33.4
17.0

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

13.6

7.6

Silt,.
Per Cent

19.2
20.1

Clay,
Per Cent

3.3
30.6

IREDELL LOAM.

The Iredell loam, locally called ''bull tallow" or "blackjack" oak
land, comprises about 9,000 acres. It is readily recognized from the
other soils by the peculiar or putty-like character of the subsoil and
the dominant blackjack oak growth.

The surface soil is a dark gray to dull bro\vn loam, having a depth
of 6 to 12 inches. The subsoil is a dingy yellow or yellowish-brown,
sticky, waxy, impervious clay, which grades at about 20 to 30 inches
into the greenish-yellow soft rotten rock. A few small rounded brown
to black iron pebbles or concretions are mixed with the surface soil.
Spots of the surface soil are sandy, and again some of it is quite silty
and contains slate fragments and even rock.

Most of this soil lies to the southwest of Stout, northeast of Indian
Trail, north of Stewart Mill, and along the Mecklenburg County line
bordering the bottom lands of Six-Mile Creek, and also in small areas
ill the vicinity of Walkersville Church and about 3 miles east of Wax-
haw. The surface is comparatively flat to gently rolling, being broken
near the stream courses, and the natural surface drainage is good ex-
cept on the flat areas. Underdraiiiage is oxcecdijigly poor on account
of the dense structure of the subsoil.

The Bulletin

29

This is a splendid grain soil, being especially suited to the produc-
tion of oats. In recent years it is being recognized as one of the best
soils in the county for the growing of cotton and corn. It responds
readily to deeper plowing, thorough pulverization, and a liberal appli-
cation of lime.

In the following table is given the analyses of Iredell loam type of
soil and subsoil:

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Pood Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6f Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-

phoiic

Acid

(PaOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(KjO)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ f
-, , ., > 2 mm. <
Subsoil J \

.057
.034

.078
.081

.242
.184

2,543
1.372

858
2317

1175
5521

3645
12541

38298
93516

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Pel Cent
<

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

6.3
3.2

9.0
4.5

4.9
3.3

21.0
10.5

29.0
12.1

18.5
22.5

10.9

44 0

GRANVILLE SANDY LOAM.

In the extreme southeastern corner of the county bordering the
Anson County line and adjacent to the bottom lands along Brown
Creek are small areas of Granville sandy loam aggregating about 1,.500
acres. This soil is recognized by the Indian red or purplish clay ex-
posed in the gullies and road cuts and by the underlying sandstone
rock.

The soil has a light gray sandy surface. This passes into a pale
yellow sandy clay which within a depth of 3 feet is generally more or
less mottled with Indian red. The surface is gently rolling to hilly
and is well drained. It is subject to heavy Avashing and erosion, re-
suting in the formation of gullies, which unless checked will be a
hindrance to cultivation.

Cotton, corn, cowpeas, and sweet potatoes are the main crops grown,
and the yields of these are satisfactory. Vegetables and all farm crops

30

The Bulletin ,

mature sliglitly earlier upon tliis soil than upon the slate soils. One
of the essential requirements of this land is a liberal supply of organic
matter and the growing of cover crops to prevent erosion.

In the following table is given the analyses of Granville sandy loam
type of soil and subsoil:

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6! Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P5O2)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface "l g mm /
Subsoil / ' \

.02
.021

.02
.036

.85
.90

.231
.163

376
1680

376
2880

1600
7200

4347
1304

AVERAGE

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per.Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil ■

«5.3
3.5

20.9
10.1

12.2
6.6

15.3
9.2

11.6
9.4

28.6
41.4

6.1
19.9

CONGABEE SILT LOAM.

The Congaree silt loam is the brown first bottom land of the county,
embracing about 20,000 acres. It consists of a brown silt loam or loam
having a depth of 8 to 12 inches. The subsoil is a light or yellowish-
brown heavy compact silt loam, which may extend to a depth of 3 feet
or more Avithout any change or may show mottlings of gray or blue in
the 3-foot section. The soil possesses a mellow smooth structure and
when properly plowed and harrowed a good tilth is readily obtained.
In the southwestern part of the county strii)s of fine sandy loam carrying
small particles of mica are found. The Congaree silt loam represents
the cream of the upland soils deposited along the streams and is one of
the richest soils.

The widest and most continuous areas of this soil are developed
along Stewarts, Goose, East and West Forks of Twelve-Mile, Waxhaw,
Cane, Kichardson, Lanes, Brown, and Crooked creeks. While this
type usually lies several feet above the normal Avater level of the

The Bulletin

;n

streams, yet all of it is subject to overflow during freshets. Occasion-
ally the crops are damaged or destroyed.

By straight cuing and deepening the natural drainage- ways and
digging lateral ditches this laud cau^ for the most part be reclaimed
and made very productive. It now yields from 20 to 50 bushels of
corn per acre without any fertilizer. As a corn and grass soil it is
held in high esteem."

In the following table is given the analyses of Congaree silt loam
type of soil and subsoil:

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composit/on

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-

« stituents Per Acre.

Surface Soil to Depth of 6? Inche.^,

2.000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,

8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PsOs)

Potash

(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric Potash
Acid (K2O)
(P2O6)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface ) ^ (

.098

.077

1.84

.424

1960

1540 36800

8480

Subsoil / 2 mm. <j^

.065

.033

1.364

.264

5200

2640

109120

21120

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil-
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

0.0
0.0

0.2
0.1

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

0.4
0.4

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

4.4
3.8

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

10.1
9.5

Silt,
Per Cent

70.3
65.5

Clay,
Per Cent

14.7
20.7

WEHADKEE SILT LOAM.

This is a white or light gray land occurring in the first bottoms uloug
the streams and has been washed down from the Alamance soils. The
largest bodies lie along Brown Creek and near the headwaters of the
Southfork or Crooked Creek. It overflows frequently and the natural
drainage is poor. However, most of it can be reclaimed by open ditches.

The soil is a white to gray mellow silt loam underlain by a mottled
yellow, gray, or brown silty clay loam or clay. The yields of corn are
lower than upon the brown bottom-land (Congaree silt loam). The
soil is naturally sour .and is greatly benefited by tiie a])i)li<';iti()n of
1,000 to 2,000 pounds of lime per acre. This land should be mainly
for pasturage, as Bermuda and other grasses do exceptionally well.

32

The Bulletin

In the following table is given the analyses of Wehadkee silt loam
type of soil and subsoil:

AVERAGE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6j Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O0)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface! o /
Subsoil) 2 -!-•(

.087-
.041

.042
.045

.767
1,046

.283
.152

1740
3280

840
3600

15340
83680

5640
12160

AVERAGE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay.
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

0.4
2.8

1.9
3.9

2.2
3.5

5.7
7.7

6.1
8.0

62.9
45.6

20.7
28.7

1

STORE OF PLANT FOOD IN SOILS OF THE COUNTY,

A chemical examination of the soils of the county have shown in a
general way that phosphoric acid and nitrogen are the plant-food con-
stituents contained in smallest amounts in most types. This has been
the findings with reference to most of the soils occurring throughout
the Piedmont region of the State.

The soils that show the largest amounts of nitrogen are Georgeville
Slate Loam, Durham Sandy Loam, Alamance Slate Loam, Congaree
Silt Loam, Wehadkee Silt Loam, Georgeville Gravelly Silt Loam, Ala-
mance Silt Loam, Alamance Gravelly Loam, and Georgeville Silty Clay
Loam. Those containing this constituent in smallest amounts at the
present time are Durham Fine Sandy Loam, Granville Sandy Loam,
Cecil Clay Loam, Cecil Fine Sandy Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam, George-
ville Silt Loam, and Iredell Loam types, in the order given.

Phosphoric acid is contained in largest amounts in Georgeville Slate
Loam, Georgeville Silty Clay Loam, Alamance Slate Loam, Iredell
Loam, Congaree Silt Loam, Alamance Gravelly Silt Loam, George-
ville Gravelly Silt Loam and Georgeville Silt Loam, and lowest with
Durham Fine Sandy Loam, Cecil Fine Sandy .Loam, Durham Sandy
Loam, Granville Sandy Loam, Alamance Silt Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam,
Wehadkee Silt Loam, and Cecil Clay Loam. With the exception of
the Alamance Silt Loam type, the soils of the county that belong to the

The Bulletin 33

Georgeville and the Alamance series are relatively high in phosphoric
acid; particularly is this so with the Georgeville Slate Loam and the
Georgeville Silty Clay Loam and the Alamance Slate Loam. The
Iredell Loam, Congaree Silt Loam, and Alamance Gravelly Silt Loam
are much higher in this constituent than are most Piedmont soils.
Samples of the original slate that have been examined, from which the
Georgeville and Alamance series have been formed, contain 0.151 per
cent of phosphoric acid, 0.04 per cent nitrogen, 2.24 per cent potash,
and 0.75 per cent lime (CaO).

In potash content the soils, as of other counties of the Piedmont
section of the State examined, are relatively high as compared Avith
most of the sandy soils of the eastern portion of the State, Those con-
taining this constituent in the largest amounts are Georgeville Slate
Loam, Congaree Silt Loam, Alamance Slate Loam, Georgeville Grav-
elly Silt Loam, Granville Sandy Loam, Wehadkee Silt Loam, Cecil
Clay Loam, and Georgeville Silt Loam. Those containing the smallest
amounts of this constituent of plant food are Durham Sandy Loam,
Cecil Sandy Loam, Cecil Fine Sandy Loam, Iredell Loam, Alamance
Gravelly Silt Loam, Georgeville Silt Clay Loam, xllamance Silt Loam,
and Durham Fine Sandy Loam.

In lime (CaO) content the Iredell Loam is much higher than any
of the other soils occurring in the county, it containing a little more
than 2Y2 per cent of this constituent, while the others range from
0.1272 in the Alamance Silt Loam to 0.424 in the Congaree Silt Loam
and 0.75 in the pure slate from which the Alamance and Georgeville
series of soils are largely formed. In addition to the Iredell Loam
and Congaree Silt Loam, other soils containing lime in largest amounts
are Alamance Gravelly Silt Loam, Alamance Slate Loam, Georgeville
Silty Clay Loam, Wehadkee Silt Loam, Georgeville Silt Loam, and
Georgeville Slate Loam. Those lowest in lime content are Durham
Fine Sandy Loam, Alamance Silt Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam, Cecil Fine
Sandy Loam, Cecil Clay Loam, Granville Sandy Loam, Durham Sandy
Loam, and Georgeville Gravelly Silt Loam. It is believed the most of
the lime in these soils is not in a form favorable for correcting of soil
acidity.

WHAT EXPERIMENTS HAVE SHOWN TO BE THE CHIEF NEEDS OF THE SOILS.

The results of field experiments that have been conducted for a
number of years in this county on the Alamance Silt Loam, in Gaston
County on the Cecil Sandy Loam, in Mecklenburg County on Cecil
Clay and Iredell Loam, and in Iredell County on Cecil Clay Loam
have shoTvai as an average of many trials that, generally speaking,
nitrogen and phosphoric acid are the plant-food constituents chiefly
needed by most of the types of soil, at least, occurring in the county.

3

a
o

o

a
O

o

The Bulletin 35

Applications of potash have not generally been found to be absolutely
essential for general crops, such as small grains, corn and cotton, to be
assured of good yields. It is more probable that for such crops as
tobacco, potatoes, and legumes applications of this constituent when
prices are normal will prove more profitable; especially is this so when
the soils are low in organic matter; notwithstanding, good crops might
be grown without it. In experiments on the Alamance Silt Loam, near
Monroe, fairly low in organic matter, it has been found that the use
of potash when available at normal prices has increased the yields of
mixtures of oat-and-vetch hay and seed cotton in sufficient amounts to
justify its use. It is believed that with the organic-matter supply ma-
terially increased in this soil, as well as other types occurring in the
county, the necessity for applications of potash may not be found to
be so great in order to secure good returns.

The phosphoric-acid content in the Georgeville Silt Loam, George-
ville Silty Clay Loam, Alamance Slate Loam, Iredell Loam, Congaree
Silt Loam, and the Alamance Gravelly Silt Loam is sufficiently high
to lead to the belief that when these soils are handled in such a way
as to embrace in them a considerable amount of organic matter the
necessity for the use of applications of materials carrying phosphoric
acid will not be so pressing; particularly is this so with the George-
ville Silty Clay Loam, and Alamance Slate Loam. In the experi-
ments in Mecklenburg County on the Iredell Loam type of soil it was
found that applications of phosphoric acid did not increase the yield
at all. It is probable that because of the high content of phosphoric
acid in this type in this county this same condition may exist with
soils of the Iredell Loam type to a more or less extent.

Judging from the chemical analyses of the soils of the different
types found in the county as well as from such other information as we
have with reference to them, it is judged that in a general way, with
the exceptions noted, nitrogen and phosphoric acid are the two con-
trolling plant-food constituents in plant production. It will be seen,
then, that the field results in a general way are borne out by chemical
analyses of the soils. This is not ahvays true, as has frequently been
found the case with some of the eastern soils. The incorporation of
organic matter, too, with practically all of the soils of the county low
in organic matter is of the highest importance, as, generally speaking,
the percentage of this material in the soils is relatively low. When
leguminous crops and other cover crops are gro\\ai and plowed into
the soil to increase the organic-matter supply already present it will be
found, in all probability, in most cases that a fairly liberal use of lime
will be essential for the largest and most profitable returns. Our ex-
periments in this section indicate that lime is essential for best returns
where a proper system of crop rotation is practiced and organic matter
is constantly being plowed into the soil.

36 The Bulletin

how to supply plant-food requirements.

For Nitrogen. — Soils that show a need for applications of nitrogen
or ammonia can usually be considered as deficient in organic matter,
and when the organic matter is high one can generally figiire on the
soil being relatively well supplied with this constituent.

Analyses and field results have shown that the soils of the county are
generally low in nitrogen. One of the main problems, therefore, for
the farmers is to supply this constituent in fairly liberal quantities to
the soil, and do it as cheaply as possible. The chief means that must
be used in supplying the nitrogen will be by the growing of suitable
leguminous crops, properly inoculated, on the land and turning all or
part of these into the soil. By such a plan not only would the supply
of this constituent be increased, but the physical properties of the soil
would be greatly improved by the addition of the organic matter to
such an extent that baking would be greatly reduced after rains and
plowing made easier and much more satisfactory.

Other materials that may be depended upon to supply the needs of
the soils are farm manures and commercial fertilizers. The commer-
cial materials that carry moderate or high percentages of nitrogen are
usually expensive. It is frequently difficult to have low-priced prod-
ucts like corn pay as well for other than moderate applications of farm
manures. Of course, when corn is selling at as high prices as it is at
the present time much larger amounts, when properly used, may be
added to an advantage. Where a crop like cotton is grown and the
prices secured for the seed and lint are fair, or high, farmers will
find, usually, the use of commercial forms of nitrogen in proper
amounts may be used profitably, provided they are combined with
other materials that will supply the other needs of the crop grown on
any particular soil. Where grains and grasses are grown, mainly, other
sources than the commercial ones will generally have to be depended
upon to a large extent. Barnyard manure furnishes one of the most
desirable sources of this constituent, as there are combined with it
large amounts of organic matter and moderate amounts of phosphoric
acid and potash. This material, however, is not very well balanced in
the plant-food constituents it contains to meet the requirements of the
soils of the county. It Avill, therefore, have to be supplemented by ma-
terials carrying the required fertilizing constituents needed by the soil,
the chief of which are phosphoric acid and nitrogen. The nitrogen
will be provided by the manure if it has been saved properly and the
phosphoric acid by adding to it acid phosphate or some other commer-
cial carrier of this constituent. As valuable as barnyard manure may
be, it cannot be depended upon by farmers, generally, to keep up the
organic matter and nitrogen supply of their soils, as the amount of
manure produced on the farm is relatively small as compared with the
acreage geiierall}' devoted to the growing of crops.

The Bulletin 37

For Phosphoric Acid. — This constituent is generally low in the
Durham, Granville, Cecil, and Wehadkee series of soils of the county.
It is also low in the silt loam type of the Alamance series. The other
types are fairly well provided potentially with this constituent.

With the farmer it is generally necessary, in order that his profits
may be greatest, for him to use the source of phosphoric acid that is
going to give him the highest net returns per acre. Taking everything
into consideration, the two commercial forms that will largely have to
be depended upon at the present time to supply phosphoric acid are
acid phosphate and basic slag. Of course, there will be added to the
soil a considerable amount of phosphoric acid when liberal amounts of
manure, cotton-seed meal, and soybean meal, and ground bone used
alone or in such materials as tankage and fish scrap, are added to the
soil. Where large amounts of organic matter are being turned back
into the soil in many cases it may be profitable to add finely ground
phosphate rock at the time the material is being turned. The organic
matter in rotting will tend to bring into available form some of the
phosphoric acid contained in this material. Again, a plan that in many
cases would appear to be practical would be to add this material to the
manure in the stable as the manure is being formed, using the finely
ground phosphate rock at the rate of 1 to 2 pounds per day broadcast
over the manure, making the applications twice per week.

For Potash. — With soils of this county, as well as with Piedmont
soils generally, the least important of the main plant-food constituents
at the present time has been found to be potash. As a matter of fact,
from the standpoint of potential plant food it would appear, even from
this standpoint, that potash is of far less importance than is phosphoric
acid and nitrogen, i^one of the soils contain less than 0.23 per cent,
while the Congaree Silt Loam and the Georgeville Slate Loam contain
over 1.8 per cent of this constituent. Speaking generally, the soils of
the county contain enough potash in them for the growth of maximum
crops for a goodly number of years to come, but it is not usually present
apparently in large amounts in soluble form. It is generally with the
soils of this county, as with most other Piedmont counties, more of a
l>roblem of making the supply present available than of increasing it
by the addition of materials supplying this constituent; particularly is
this so with the nonleguminous crops.

When the price of potash is as high as it is at the present time its
use will not usually pay with ordinary crops such as corn, cotton, and
small grains grown in the county.

For Lime. — When the main crops of the county, like corn, cotton,
and small grains, are grown continuously on the land, as is frequently
done, without the turning in of leguminous crops or the addition of
organic matter in other Avays, lime will not usually be found to be of
primary necessity at the present time. However, when cover crops are
used, as they should be, on all of the soils, especially on soils low in
4

38 The Bulletin

organic matter, lime will generally be fonnd to be essential for best
yields and most profitable returns. Even with those soils high in calcium
content like the Iredell Loam, it will no doubt prove beneficial in all
cases to make applications of this constituent, as the lime contained in
this type of soil is largely in the form of silicates, and does not act
in this combination in the same beneficial way that lime in the form of
ground limestone, shells, and marl does in neutralizing the acidity of
the soil when applied and in making the soil sweet and more favorable
for the growing of most leguminous and other crops. To build up the
fertility of the soils of the county in the most substantial way from one
to two tons of limestone or the equivalent of some other suitable form
of lime per acre will have to be used every four to five years.

HOW TO SUPPLY OEGANIC MATTER IN SOILS.

By organic matter we mean the decaying residues of plant life such
as roots, stems, and leaves, and the remains of animal life, such as
insects and worms, in the soil. When soils are well supplied with such
material, they are dark to black in color even when dry. Such soils
are also fertile and productive when other factors, such as a good sup-
ply of plant food and drainage, are present naturally or supplied.

There are two practical ways to add organic matter to soils:

1. By growing and plowing under such crops as crimson, red and
sweet clover, soy and velvet bean vines, including other crop residues,
such as corn and cotton stalks, rye, grass and weeds.

2. By applying barnyard manure, or by allowing it to accumulate on
pastured land.

In humid sections such as Union County, especially when cultivated
crops are grown annually on the land, the decay of organic matter in
the soil is very rapid, and in order to maintain the supply, all upland
soils particularly should receive annually such material at the rate of
at least two tons of air-dry material per acre.

Eye, weeds, cotton, and corn stalks, pine straw, woods-mould, and
refuse from barnyards are valuable sources of organic matter; but le-
gumes such as crimson, red, and sweet clover, soy and velvet bean
vines, are more valuable, since they take nitrogen out of the air, and
when plowed under increase the nitrogen supply of the soil, provided
the soil is sweet and the legumes are well inoculated.

FERTILIZER MIXTURES TO USE FOR DIFFERENT CROPS.

For the average types of soil occurring in the county low in phos-
phoric, acid it is recommended that for cotton 400 to 600 pounds of a
mixture containing 10 to 32 per cent available phosphoric acid and 21/0
to 4 per cent ammonia be used. When the price of actual potash is
not greater than 5 to 6 cents per pound it will in most cases prove
profitable to use at least 2 per cent of this constituent. However, when

The Bulletin 39

the price of potash is as high as it is at the present time it will not
generally be found to pay with such crops as corn, cotton, and small
grains, certainly not if a proper system of rotation of crops is used. A
mixture that will give approximately the proportion indicated above is
as follows :

Acid phosphate, 16 per cent 400 pounds

Cotton-seed meal, TVo per cent 200 pounds

Total 600 pounds

Dried blood, fish scrap, sulphate of ammonia, or nitrate of soda may
be substituted for the cotton-seed meal in the mixture. In making the
substitution it may be done by using 47 pounds of blood, 75 pounds of
fish scrap, 30 pounds of sulphate of ammonia, or 42 pounds of nitrate
of soda for every 100 pounds of cotton-seed meal in the mixture.

If especially desired on the more open sandier soils of the county
one-third to one-half of the nitrogen may be put in at the time the
crop is planted in the form of some organic combination such as cotton-
seed meal, dried blood, or fish scrap, reserving the other half to two-
thirds to be applied as a side dressing in the form of sulphate of am-
monia or nitrate of soda about the first of July with crops planted in
the spring. It is believed that materials carrying phosphoric acid and
potash generaly had best go on at the time the crop is planted.

For corn, small grains, grasses, and sorghum grown on the average
soils of the county except those high in phosphoric acid, from 250 to
400 pounds per acre of a mixture containing 10 to 12 per cent avail-
able phosphoric acid and 5 to 6 per cent ammonia will give good re-
turns. Where leguminous crops, stable manure, or other materials
carrying organic matter fairly rich in nitrogen go back into the soil
the amount of nitrogen in the mixture might be materially reduced
one-third to one-half or more. Potash up to l^/o to 2 per cent in the
mixture may be expected to pay when this constituent is selling at nor-
mal prices. A mixture that will give approximately the right quanti-
ties of nitrogen and phosphoric acid for average soils of the county,
with exceptions noted, is as follows :

Acid phosphate, 16 per cent 200 pounds

Cotton-seed meal, 71/2 per cent 200 pounds

Total 400 pounds

Here, as above, the other recognized staple carriers of nitrogen may
be substituted for the cotton-seed meal in the proportions indicated.

For clovers, cowpeas, soy beans, and other leguminous crops 300
pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate per acre will usually be found
satisfactory on soils containing a moderate amount of organic matter.
This quantity may in many cases be increased to 500 pounds per acre

40 The Bulletin

to good advantage. Potash-supplying materials can be used on most of
the soils to good advantage when the price of this constituent is normal.
We would not think it necessary to use more than 3 to 4 per cent of pot-
ash in the mixture for these crops even when potash is cheap.

In case the land is very poor or very low in organic matter, so that
young plants do not start off well, a sufficient amount of cotton-seed
meal, dried blood, or other nitrogen-furnishing material may be added
which will supply nitrogen in the mixture up to 1 to 3 per cent. When
300 to 500 pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate is used on such soils
50 to 75 pounds of cotton-seed meal or its equivalent in nitrogen con-
tent of dried blood or other suitable nitrogen carrier of this constituent
may be used usually to good advantage. If it is discovered after the
plants have gotten started that nitrogen is needed, as will be indicated
by small, slow growth and pale, sickly appearance, the land being well
drained, a top dressing of 50 to 75 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre
may be applied when the plants are free from rain or dew. This will
usually be found to be profitable.

With the high or moderately high phosphoric acid soils the amounts
of phosphoric acid in the fertilizer mixture might in many cases be
reduced. Especially would this be so when the organic-matter supply
of these soils has been materially increased. This would especially be
expected to be the case with the Georgeville Slate Loam, the Georgeville
Silty Clay Loam, and the Alamance Slate Loam soils where the slate
had thoroughly undergone disintegration.

With all the mixtures given above on the soils as the amount of
organic matter turned back into the soil is increased, especially that
from leguminous crops that are being grown on the land with the
formation of nodules on their roots, the amounts of cotton-seed meal
and other nitrogenous fertilizing materials required in the fertilizer
mixtures to give most profitable returns may be materially reduced;
in fact, when the supply has become liberal in the soil it might possibly
be entirely left out of the fertilizer mixture in nitrogen-carrying ma-
terial. It should be the aim of every farmer in the county, as nearly as
practicable, to obtain this condition with his soils, for under normal
conditions nitrogen is the constituent that is most expensive and the
one that is most elusive and thereby easily lost from the soil when the
conditions in the soil are not just right.

CROP ROTATION NECESSARY FOB A PERMANENT SYSTEM OF AGRICULTUREI

IN THE COUNTY.

It is the duty of every owner of farm lands in this county, as well
as of other counties in the State, to follow methods of crop rotation and
fertilization that shall at least maintain the producing power of the
soils and build up those that are yielding only small returns at the pres-
ent time. At the same time the treatment should be such as to give

The Bulletin

41

good, substantial iiuaiicial returns on the investment. The method
in common use by the farmers should be such that their soils would
become more productive from year to year. The investigations that
have been conducted by the Division of Agronomy in previous years
have been carried on primarily to determine the most economical meth-
ods of fertilizing the various soil types in this and other counties of
the State and at the same time to take the information thus secured

Fig. 7. — A crop of whoat on the Georgeville silt loam t.\ pe of soil.

and apply it in conjunction with systems of crop rotation found suited
ior different conditions for the purpose of helping the farmer increase
the producing power of his soils. From information thus far secured
we are able to recommend methods which if followed by the farmers
of Union County will maintain their soils in a far more productive con-
dition than they are at the present time when the methods that are in
common practice are followed.

In providing the necessary plant-food constituents as recommended
above for the different soils it is necessary to adopt, too, systems of
crop rotation if the best and most profitable returns per acre are to be

42 The Bulletin

secured. The following rotations are recommended as Avell adapted for
conditions prevailing in the county :

First Year — Corn with soy beans and cowpeas drilled in the row at
planting or before the first cultivation. They may be broadcasted
just before the last cultivation if this is more desirable.

Second Year — Wheat or oats, followed by red clover, spring seeding.

Third Year — Red clover.

This is a very short rotation and is admirably adapted for use by
the grain farmers of the county. It will be essential to use lime where
red clover is seeded in order to be sure of success. The corn stover and
wheat straw from such a rotation should be plowed in or be fed to
stock and the manure carefully saved and returned to the soil. The
soybeans or cowpeas and the last crop of red clover in the third year
should be turned in to add to the organic matter and nitrogen supply
of the soil. In starting this rotation on the average soils of the
county use the fertilizer mixture given above for leguminous crops.
If available, farm manure may be used with acid phosphate. In that
case, if the application is fairly liberal the necessity for applying ni-
trogen in the fertilizer mixture will be materially reduced or entirely
done away with. During the first year wheat or oats are grown on
the land they should receive the treatment indicated above for corn.
In addition to the acid phosphate, it would be well to apply 200 to 400
pounds of rock phosphate, as this fertilizer is for both the wheat and
clover crop that is below. An application of 600 to 800 pounds of rock
phosphate per acre to a good crop of red clover at the time or just be-
fore it is turned into the soil in the field might furnish much of the
phosphoric acid required by the crops of the second period of the rota-
tion. Within a comparatively short time enough nitrogen should be
furnished by the soybeans or cowpeas, the clover and the roughage or
stable manure, if the crops are good and the manure saved and applied
back on the land or plowed directly into the soil after maturity. The
application of rock phosphate and lime should be made every four to
five years. Live-stock farming in connection with this rotation might
help in improving the j^roductivity of these soils if the manure is prop-
erly saved and applied back on the soil,

FOUR-YEAR ROTATIONS.

A good four-year rotation is the same as the above, with oats and
soybeans or cowpeas following" the corn the second year.

Other four-year rotations which could be adopted in this county
are:

First Year — Corn.

Second Year — Crimson clover and cowpeas or soybeans.

Third Year — Wheat and oats, red clover.

Fourth Year — Ked clover.

The Bulletin 43

Or for sections of the county in Avliicli cotton is grown one similar
to tliis might be used :

First Year — Corn.

Second Year — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Third Year — Red clover.

Fourth Year — Cotton, rye.

A similar method of fertilization should be adopted Avith these four-
year rotations as is given for the three-year rotation.

FIVE- OR SIX-YEAR ROTATIONS.

Any of these rotations with two years of pasture added would make
them even better adapted to live-stock farming. Wliere it is desired to
grow cotton, the following six-year rotation should, under an intelli-
gent supplemental system of fertilization and proper cultivation, give
good results :

First Year — Corn, with cowpeas in the row or sown just before the
last cultivation.

Second Year — Cotton, with rye sown broadcast in the cotton after
the first picking and covered with a harrow or light cultivator.

Third Year — Rye plowed under, cowpeas, wheat or oats.

Fourth Year — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Fifth Year — Red clover.

The fertilizer here, too, would be similar to that indicated above
for a three-year rotation.

LEAF TOBACCO SALES FOR JULY, 1917

Pounds sold for producers, first hand 3,473,313

Pounds sold for dealers 138,350

Pounds sold for warehouses 231,805

Total 3,843,468

THE BULLETIN

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 7 JULY, 1917 (Supplement) Whole No. 234

FERTILIZER ANALYSES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

RALEIGH

Edwards & Broughton Feinting Co.

State Printers

1917

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73

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 8

AUGUST, 1917

Whole No. 235

COUNTY SOIL REPORT, No. 4

REPORT ON
CABARRUS COUNTY SOILS AND AGRICULTURE

MAP SHOWING SOIL SURVEY AREA OF CABARRUS COUNTY

This work was done by the Division of Agronomy of the State Department of A;rrieulMire in
cooperation with the Bureau of Soils of the Federal Department of Agriculture.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. 0., as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

EDWARDS a BROUGHTON PRINTING CO.. RALEIGH. N C.

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven - First District.

C. W. Mitchell... Aulander Second District.

R. L. WooDARD ...Pamlico ..Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh... Fourth District.

R. W. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek... .Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

H. Q. Alexander Matthews Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe. Tenth District.

OFFICEES AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM .Commissioner.

K. W. BARNES Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones .Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn Bulletin Clerk.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. Pickel ..Feed Chemist.

\V. G. Hayvi'ood ...Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar - Assistant Chemist.

D. M. McCartt Assistant Chemist.

B. T. Horsfield Assistant Chemist.

J. F. Hatch Fertilizer Clerk.

R. W. COLLETT. Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H.- Brimley Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes - Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

R. W. Leibt Assistant Entomologist.

J. E. EcKERT Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

C. L. SAMS _ _ _ Specialist in Beekeeping.

O. H. GRAHAM ..Veterinarian.

W. M. MooRB Assistant Veterinarian.

C. C. V\ ATTS_ Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT - Horticulturist.

C. D. Matthews Assistant Hortirulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. E. Bell Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

Leland B. Rhodes Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. B. WILLIAMS Chief, Division of Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer ..Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate _ ..Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters Plant Breeding.

•W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS . Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. gray Chief in Animal Industry.

R. S. Curtis Associate in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

tALViN J. Reed. Dairy Farming.'

Stanley Combes Assistant in Dairy Farming.

tJ. A. Arey Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. R. Farnham Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. T. Peden - Beef Cattle.

Earl Hostetler Assistant in Beef Cattle and Swine.

tJ. E. Moses Pig Clubs.

tA. G. Oliver Poultry Clubs.

tE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

JC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

tT. E. Browne State Agent in Charge of Boys' Clubs.

JA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon State .\gent in Charge Girls' Club.

Mrs. J. H. Henly ..Assistant in Home Economics.

C. E. Clark, Assistant Director Edgecombe Test Farm, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Test Farm, Statesville, N. C.

R. G. Hill, Assistant Director Pender Test Farm, Willard, N. C.

S. C. Clapp, Assistant Director Buncombe Test Farm, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Test Farm, Oxford, N. C.

S. C. Clapp, .Assistant Director Transylvania Tost Farm, Blantyre, N. C.

•Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Anim.al Husbandry, United States Department of Agrioultuie.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

July 20, 1917

Sir : Herewith I transmit a Report on the' Soils and Agriculture of
Cabarrus County. The data on the soils included in the report were
gathered in a systematic soil survey of the county made in 1910 in co-
operation with the Bureau of Soils of the United States Department of
Agriculture.

In the recommendations with reference to the soils and their plant-
food requirements, we have been largely guided hy the results secured
in carefully conducted soil-type field experiments in Cabarrus and ad-
joining counties.

I would recommend that this report be issued as County Report ISTo. 4.

Respectfully submitted,

C. B. Williams,
Approved : Chief, Division of Agronomy.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

REPORT ON CABARRUS COUNTY SOILS AND

AGRICULTURE

By (-'. B. Williams, \\ . K. Hearn, J. K. Pi.ummer and \V. F. Pate.

Cabarrus County lies in the west-central part of ISTortli Carolina. It
is bounded on the north by Rowan and Iredell eounties, on the east by
Stanly County, on the south by Union and Mecklenburg counties, and
on the west by Mecklenburg County. It contains 368 squares miles or
235,520 acres.

SURFACE FEATURES

The general surface features or topography of Cabarrus County con-
sist of a series of geiitly rolling to almost level interstream areas, which

PlQ. 1. — Typical laiMK.-aj't- snuum^ -.iiil.v lu.iiim ii.iuiie of the farm lands of the county

become more rolling, hilly, and broken as the streams are approached.
A strip extending inward from 4 to 5 miles across the county along tlie
Stanly County line has gently rolling surface features, in the vicinity
of Harrisburg and to the north and also to the south of Pioneer Mills
the surface is prevailingly flat to undulating, being the smoothest part
of the county. Tlie remainder and by far the greater portion of the

The Bulletin

county is marked by gently rolling to rolling and broken surface fea-
tures. Along the streams are narrow strips of flat bottom-land, and
flanking these areas are the roughest parts of the uplands, being eroded
and broken in many places. In general, the greater part of the county
lies admirably for farming purposes.

ELEVATION

The elevation above sea level varies considerably in different parts
of the county. The highest elevations are in the northern part. The
elevation at Concord is 704 feet, farther west near Eocky Kiver 716
feet, at Flows Store 678 feet, and Eocky Eiver near Harrisburg 568
feet.

DKAINAGE

The general slope and drainage of the county is to the southeast ex-
cept along the northeastern border, and here it is to the south, as re-
vealed by the drainage system. The county is traversed by Eocky
Eiver and Coddle, Little Buffalo, Cold Water, Dutch Buffalo and
Eeedy creeks. These streams with their numerous branches and wet
weather tributaries ramify all parts of the upland and furnish ade-
quate drainage or outlets for every farm. The streams have cut their
channels from a few feet to 60 feet or more below the general level of
the county. They are fairly swift flowing, and along some of the larger
creeks and Eocky Eiver water power is developed and used for grinding
corn, wheat, ginning cotton and as auxiliary power to operate small
cotton mills.

SETTLEMENT

Cabarrus County was originally a part of Mecklenburg County, but
was given separate organization by the State Legislature in 1793-. Settle-
ment began between the years 1730 and 1740 by a colony from Switzer-
land. Shortly after the Eevolutionary War, the Dutch and Germans
came in large numbers from Pennsylvania and settled in the eastern
part, while the Scotch-Irish took up lands along the western border of
the county. Settlement advanced slowly until the close of the Civil
War, when a great impetus was given by the high prices of cotton, corn,
and wheat. The population at present consists principally of the
descendants of the original settlers and those who have moved into the
county from various parts of North Carolina.

The Bulletin

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION AND ROADS

The main line of the Southern Raihvay crosses the county, passing-
through Concord. This affords good rail transportation to the central
part. A branch line of this road touches the extreme northeastern cor-
ner but furnishes transportation facilities to only a small number of
farmers in that region. The southeastern end is traversed by the Nor-
folk Southern Railroad which has been constructed since the soil survey
of Cabarrus County was published. There is a large mileage of graded
and macadam roads in the county, in addition to the well kept dirt
roads in many sections.

TOWNS, MARKETS, AND INDUSTRIES

Concord, the county seat, is the principal town, having a population
upwards of 10,000. Kannapolis, Glass and Harrisburg are other towns
on the Southern Railway, while Mount Pleasant is a fair sized town,
located about 9 miles east of Concord. There are several new towns
along the Norfolk Southern Railroad.

These towns furnish excellent markets for the products of the farms,
particularly for cotton, truck, and fruits, as there is a large cotton mill
population to be fed. There is imported into the county perhaps more
than 100,000 bales of cotton and used in addition to the cotton produced
within its limits. Hay, corn, flour, meat, and dairy products, also are
imported — a condition which should be reversed.

Concord is principally a cotton mill town, and so is Mount Pleasant
and Kannapolis. Other manufacturing industries are operated in the
county. This region is supplied with electricity generated on the Ca-
tawba River and many factories are thus supplied. The county offers
inducements for manufactories of various kinds.

CLIMATE

The climate of Cabarrus County is well suited in general to the suc-
cessful production of the crops now grown in the county. The average
date of the last killing frost in spring i§ April 1 and of the first in fall
November 4, giving a growing season of 218 days. The mean tempera-
ture for til is period is 69° F.

There being no "Weather Bureau station located in the county, it is
necessary to refer to the records of the nearest outside station, which is
at Charlotte, 10 miles west. The following table, complied from rec-
ords of this station, doubtless represents very closely the Aveather condi-
tions of Cabarrus County :

The Bulletin

NORMAL MONTHLY, SEASONAL, AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE

TION AT CHARLOTTE, N. C.

AND PRECIPITA-

Temperature

Precipitation

Month

Mean

Absolute
Maximum

Absolute
Minimum

Mean

Total

Amovmt

for the

Dryest

Year

Total

Amount

for the

Wettest

Year

Snow,

Average

Depth

December

January

- °F.
43
41
44

"F.
76
77
79

"F.
—5
—1
—5

Inches
3.8
4.3
4.6

Inches
1.9
2.3

5.4

Inche.K
5.7
7.6
6.4

Inches
2.2
1.9

February

2.9

Winter

43

12.7

9.6

19.7

7.0

March

51
59
69

85 i 14

4.8
3.4
3.9

16
1.9
1.7

9.2
5.4
4.8

0.6

April

94
97

26
38

0.1

May

0.0

Spring. .

60

12.1

5.2

19.4

0.7

June

76
79

77

102
102
100

45
55
53

4.6
5.3
5 2

3.4
6.4
1.0

9.5
7.9
2.1

0.0

July

0.0

August

0.0

Summer

77

101

51

15.1

10.8

19.5

0.0

September

72
61
51

99
92
80

38
30
18

3.3
3.4
3.0

4.7
1.0
3.7

3.6
1.5
4.7

0 0

October .

T.

November .

T.

FaIL_.._ __

61

9.7

9.4

9.8

T.

YQar

60

102

—5

49.6

35.0

68.4

7.7

From this table it is seen that the hot summer months are also the
months of the greatest precipitation. The annual rainfall varies from
35 to 68.4 inches and is well distributed. Droughty conditions seldom
occur, and damage to crops is rarely suffered, except in the porous soils
of the slate belt. In this section also farmers claim that killing frosts
occur from ten days to two weeks earlier in the fall and later in the
spring than in any other section of the county, lessening the length of
the growing season as stated for Charlotte by tw^enty to thirty days.

The average temperature and precipitation for the months in wdiicli
cotton and corn, the two principal crops, are growm indicate excellent
growing weather. As a rule, the climate may bo .^aid to be very health-
ful.

AQRK'ULTUUK

In the early days of settlement the main crops were wheat, corn, oats,
and some flax. A few cattle and later many slieep and h(.)gs were raised.
The wool w^as manufactured into cloth and the corn in excess of that
necessary for luniic ('onsumj)tioii was niaimfactui-cd Into whiskey.

The Bulletin 9

J^;iter, with au influx of settlers, the agriculture was broadeued. The
individual plantation of the western settlers of the county comprised a
larger acreage than those of the eastern settlers, thereby giving those
settlers a better opportunity to diversify their crops. The large open
"prairies" or glades in the western part of the county were covered
with a luxuriant growth of grasses which afforded excellent and exten-
sive pastures for cattle and sheep. These were driven in large droves
to Columbia and Fayettville and sold.

Until a few years before the Civil War the growing of corn, small
grains, and various home supplies continued to increase wdth the in-
flux of new settlers. Practically no cotton was produced in the eastern
half of the county prior to the war, but a considerable acreage was de-
voted to that crop throughout the western part of the county. The
growing of cotton, however, lessened the surplus product of the corn
and grains, and in some instances it was necessary to import some of
these articles into the cotton belt. The live-stock interests declined as
cotton assumed more importance.

According to the census for 1860 Cabarrus County produced about
124,000 bushels of wheat, 368,000 bushels of corn, 33,000 bushels of oats,
about 5,000 bales of cotton, about 5,000 tons of hay, and 6,000 bushels
of peas, together Avith a large quantity of sweet and Irish potatoes,
some rye, and a large number of live stock. Until 1880 there was prac-
tically no change in the production of corn, wdiile the quantity of oats
grown was almost double that of 1860, and the amount of cotton had
increased to 7,500 bales. The quantity of wdieat produced decreased
considerably, as only 84,000 bushels were reported in 1880. Following
the war many of the large plantations w-ere divided or small tracts sold
off and consequently the size of individual holdings of land had greatly
diminished. This tendency continued until 1900, Avhen the average size
farm in Cabarrus County was about 102 acres. By 1900 the amount
of cotton produced in the county had increased to 8,000 bales and wheat
to 127,000 bushels, but the production of corn had diniiiii^hod to 284.-
000 bushels. The quantity of oats produced remained ))i-actlcally the
same as in 1880. During the period from 1890 to 1900 agriculture was
being carried on upon a more scientific basis and a much greater variety
of products were grown. A small acreage was devoted to the production
of clover, millet, tame grasses, and forage crojis, while tlie valui- .»t
vegetable and orchard products greatly increased.

At the present time cotton is the important money crop. Too much
attention is being paid to its production in proportion to the other
crops grown. While it is Avell to grow this money crop, the present
production could well be secured form a smaller acreage, thereby giving
a larger acreage to other crops, providing an opportunity for greater
diversification and promoting more scientific. methods of soil manage-
ment.

10 The Bulletin

Corn ranks next in importance to cotton and is grown in all parts
of the county on practically every soil type. More wheat is produced
now than formerly and its production is on the increase. Oats and rye
are grown to much smaller extent than wheat. Until recently cowpeas
were grown only to a limited extent, but now quite a large acreage is
devoted to this crop. A small acreage of soy beans and crimson clover
were reported. Sorghum cane is grown in small patches on nearly
every farm, to be used in the manufacture of sirup for home use. To-
bacco is also grown in small patches on a number of the farms to supply
home demands. Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, and cabbage, together
with a large variety of other garden vegetables, are grown in all parts
of the county. A considerable number of goats, sheep, hogs, and some
cattle are raised. Of the fruits apples are grown to the largest extent,
while peaches, pears, cherri-es, damsons, figs, and a few grapes are also
produced for home use and the local markets.

By far the greater number of farmers in the county do not pay suffi-
cient attention to the adaptation of the various soil types to certain
crops. It has been generally recognized that the bottom soils are best
suited to the production of corn and grasses and that the sandy loams
and lighter areas of clay loams, particularly of the Cecil series, give the
more profitable yields of cotton.

The "red lands" (Mecklenburg and heavy types of Cecil), "blackjack
lands" (Iredell), and certain areas of the "slate lands" (Alamance and
Georgeville), are admirably adapted to the production of wheat, corn,
and oats, as well as clover, cowpeas, and soy beans. The lighter areas
of the sandy loams and the slate soils give the best returns from apples,
peaches, pears, damsons, grapes, and other fruits grown in the county.

In general practically no regular crop rotation is practiced. A few
farmers follow definitely planned cropping systems which could be
profitably applied to most of the soils throughout the county where
general farming is the rule. A good rotation in present use is : First
year, cotton; second year, corn, sowing cowpeas at last plowing; and
third year, wheat, oats, or other small grain, sowing cowpeas on the
grain stubble. By this method cotton, a clean-cultivated crop, follows
a nitrogen-gathering crop. The soil should show improvement frora
year to year with such treatment. In those sections where cotton is
not grown to any extent it would be well to rotate corn with small grains
and grasses and not to plant the same land to any one crop for more
than one or two years at a time. Of course, an exception to this method
would be the bottom-land soils, which are naturally productive and
upon which corn and grasses can be produced for a long time with-
out causing much soil deterioration, as compared with the lighter up-
land soils.

Tiib. Bulletin 11

There has been no luarked change in the methods of preparing the
hind or in cultivating the crops from those of earlier years. The one-
horse plow, hand hoes, and ordinary spike-tooth harrows are the ordi-
nary implements used. N^evertheless a gradual change is taking place,
and more modern methods are gaining ground with the better class of
farmers. In many instances disk plows, two-horse turn plows, and
sulky plows are supplanting the less efficient type, and large drag har-
rows, Avlieat drills, sulky cultivators, binders, mowing machines, and
hay tedders are being used more and more. This modern machinery
enables the farmers to plow deeper, to prepare the soil more thoroughly,
and to cultivate the growing crops more easily and cheaply. Its use
also results in much larger yields.

Practically all crops are fertilized to a greater or less extent. The
consumption of commercial fertilizers is gradually increasing. A ma-
jority of the farmers buy the "complete" mixtures, chiefly brands of
8-2-2 or 8-3-3 formulas. Fertilizers are applied to crops regardless of
kind and type of soil upon which they are to be produced. Some of
the farmers buy cottonseed meal, acid phosphate, and kainit and mix
them at home. It is a well established fact that the more humus the
soil contains the larger the quantity of fertilizer that can be profitably
used. Applications of lime unquestionably would benefit the clayey and
silty soils, especially where these tend to assume a compact stmcture.
An acreage application of something like 1 to 2 tons of lime following
the turning under of a green or partially matured crop, as cowpeas or
rye, would certainly benefit the heavy upland soils.

As a general rule there is a comparatively small amount of labor em-
ployed upon the farms in Cabarrus County. More labor is used in the
western half of the county on the larger plantations than elsewhere.
Farm labor consists largely of negroes, who receive, where hired by the
month, about $15 Avith board. Day laborers are paid from 75 cents to
$1.25 a day, the higher wage ruling during the busy seasons, and on
farms near the larger towns.

Throughout the eastern half of the county, particularly in the slate
belt and also in many parts of the western half of the county, the farms
are operated directly by the owners, while many of the larger farms are
looked after by managers. Some farms are leased for cash rent or a
definite quantity of cotton, or it may be on a share basis. On a share
basis the landlord furnishes the land, stock, feed for stock, implements,
and one-half the fertilizer and receives one-half the crops. Where the
tenant furnishes stock and fertilizers the landowner receives only one-
third the products.

12

The Bulletin

The farms vary in size for different parts of the county, the hirgest
ones being confined principally to the western part. Some of the larger
estates contain from 300 to 900 acres and a few contain even greater
acreages, the largest about 1,800 acres. The greater number of farms,
however, range in size from 20 to 100 acres, the average being about
100 ncres.

Fig. 2. — Showing; the character of the forest growth ou Alaniauce silt loam

The land values of the county vary with nearness of raihvay facilities
and local markets. The best farming lands within a radius of 5 miles
of Concord and near Harrisburg and Kannapolis are valued at about
$60 an acre, while the same lands at greater distances from the markets,
particularly in the northwest and southwest parts of the county, sell for
$20 to $50 an acre. The lands throughout the slate belt in the eastern
half of the county range in value from $8 to $15 an acre, the^greater
proportion being nearer the higher price.

In liandling the soil problems of Cabarrus County one of the essential
needs is the draining and reclaiming of the large areas of bottom land
lying along the river and larger creeks. Although these areas in their
l)resent condition are practically worthless, except for pasture and some
hay, they could be made productive through drainage, which could be
accomplished by dredging and straightening the stream courses and
cutting lateral ditches leading into these natural drainage ways. The
soils of the stream bottoms if reclaimed would produce large yields of
corn, oats, and sorghum.

TriK Bn.i.KTTX in

III 111:1 uy sections of the eotiiity tlie slopes and hillsides have hecoiue
guillied and eroded, but with the exception of a few of the steeper and
more severely eroded hillsides, practically all of Cabarrus County could
be farmed, and even these now abandoned rough spots could either be
reforested or shaped up and used for pasture lands. Some terracing of
the hillsides is now practiced to prevent washing. This may be neces-
sary on the steeper slopes, btit existing terraces could often be eliminated
by deeper plowing and by seeding the land to winter cover crops, such
as crimson clover, vetch, or even rye, thus returning to profitable culti-
vation areas now lying idle.

There is nothing that will give the farmers larger returns for the
labor expended than Avould deeper plowing and a more thorough
preparation of the seed bed on the heavy types of soil. Deep plowing
in the fall will aid the proper tillage of these soils, the desirable tilth
being more easily secured after the frosts have acted upon the rough
furrow slices. Fall ploAving, however, leaving the soil unoccupied, can
onlj^ be recommended upon lands that are not subject to erosion. These
stiff, intractable soils need to be loosened up and aerated in order to
give the plant roots a larger feeding zone. Such manipulation allows
more of the rainfall to be absorbed, thus insuring a better supply of
moisture during dry seasons and giving better drainage in wet seasons.

Throughout Cabarrus County there are large areas of soil, particu-
larly the light sandy loams and silt loams, which are decidedly de-
ficient in humus. This important element may be supplied by the
growing of cowpeas, crimson clover, and vetch, or by applying barn-
yard manure. The addition of these organic materials tends to make
the light soil more loamy in character and greatly increases their power
to retain water, while it loosens up the compact, heavy, clayey and
silty soils, permitting more complete aeration and easier tillage.

More systematic rotation, growing a greater diversity of crops, should
be practiced by a majority of the farmers, especially those who now
depend mainly on cotton. While all of the necessary products are
grown to some extent for home use, considerable quantities of corn, hay,
flour, and meat are shipped into the county. All of these products could
be produced on the farms, and Cabarrus County could easily be made an
exporting rather than an importing county.

Another important means toward obtaining large yields is the secur-
ing of good stands of plants. In order to accomplish this, much at-
tention is necessary to the selection of seed. It is a waste of time and
money to cultivate a field with only a partial stand. On some of the
soils, particularly tlie heavy clays and in the slate belt, cotton sometimes
fails to mature before the early frosts. It should be the endeavor of
every farmer in selecting his seed to secure for such soils an early
maturing variety. Varieties suited to the clay soils will not give the
best yields on the lighter sandy soils, and vice versa.

14 The Bulletin

The Xortli Carolina Department of Agriculture at Ealeigh is now
working out varieties of seed adapted to the various soil types and
also the fertilizer requirements for these different soils. Anyone can
secure valuable information along this line upon application to that
department.

SOILS AND THEIR ORIGIN

Carharrus County lies wholly within the Piedmont Plateau province,
and all of its soils with the exception of small strips of bottom-land,
have been formed through the processes of weathering from the under-
lying rocks, which may be seen at varying depths from the surface.
The important rock formations in the county are granite, gneisses,
diorites, gabbros, and slates. These rocks differ widely in their physical
and chemical composition, and the decay of these give soils of different
color, structure, texture, and varying greatly in the elements of plant

food.

The slate rocks, known as the "Carolina Slates," occur in a belt vary-
ing from 4 to 5 miles in width across the eastern boundary of the
county along the Stanly County line. These slates are fine-grained and
bluish to gray in color, but upon w-eathering and oxidizing, the colors
become brilliant, and shades of purple, blue, red, yellow, and gray are
common. They have hot weathered to as great depths as the granites,
and frequently the broken slate is reached within 3 feet of the surface,
and even outcrops are seen in short distances. The weathering of these
give rise to soils having a floury-smooth feel and silty texture and com-
monly called "lean" or poor soils. The light gray to whitish soils Avith
yellow friable subsoils belong to the Alamance series. This group con-
tains the silt loam, silt loam (shallow phase), and the slate loam. The
gray to red surface soils, with red silty clay subsoils, are classed as the
Georgeville. Only one type, the silt loam, was mapped. The red color
of the Georgeville soils is due to a larger amount of iron in the slate
rock or to a further stage of oxidation of iron than has taken place in the
Alamance.

In the southwestern part of the county around Ilarrisburg and to the
north thereof, for several miles, occurs an area of diorite, diabase, or
gabbro rocks. These are dark colored, hard rocks, sometimes called
"nigger head rocks," which have decayed into brown to reddish brown
soils and have yellowish brown or ocherous-colored heavy plastic im-
pervious clay subsoils. Here the rotten rock is usually reached at from
2 to 3 feet. The soils have been classed into the Mecklenburg series,
and two types occur, the sandy loam and the clay loam.

The remaining, or greater part of the county, is underlain by granites,
gneisses, and diorites, the latter occurring in small bodies throughout the
granite and gneisses. The granites and gneisses are composed of quartz,
feldspar, and mica. In their decay into soil the quartz is left as sand,

The Bulletin

15

gravel, or quartz rock; tlie feldspar gives the clay, and tlie mica is seen
as flakes. These rocks give the Cecil and Durham soils. The Cecil
soils are gray to red in the surface portion and have bright red, hard,
brittle clay subsoils. The Cecil coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine
snndv loam, loam, clav lonm. and clav are formed. The Durham soils

mm^'^^

'#

■^-'S^^ :^-

i**^. , v

^A^^

^. ^^^^■y.^f^m

Fig. 3. — A typical farm lioiiio

are light gray and have yellow friable clay subsoils. Two types, the
coarse sandy loam and sandy loam, occur. From the red color of the
Cecil soils it would seem that the rocks from which they are derived
contain a higher percentage of the iron-bearing minerals than those
giving the Durham, and the oxidation of this iron gives it the intense
red color.

The diorites are dark green heavy rocks, locally called "nigger head"
rocks, and occur throughout the granite and gneiss formations. The
Iredell soils have been derived from the weathering of this diorite.
They consist of gray to brown soils and have yellowish or bro-wnish-
yellow, waxy, putty-like, clay subsoils. Like the Mecklenburg soils, the
yelloAvish-green, soft diorite rock is generally found at 18 to 36 inches
below the surface.

Along most of the streams throughout the county are developed nar-
row strips of bottom-land or alluvial soils. These soils represent ma-
terials washed from the uplands — that is, the cream of the uplands —
and deposited by overflow water upon the flood plains. The heavy ma-
terial is a brown to reddish-brown color, and where having a uniform
texture has been classed as Congaree silty clay loam. The material in
the bottom-lands is mixed up in texture and the soils have a lower agri-
cultural value due to lack of drainage. They are termed Meadow.

16

The Bulletin

The following classification shows the soils of the county grouped
according to origin and important physical differences:

[ Cecil coarse sandy loam.

.1 Cecil sandy loam.
Mamly from fine to coarse gramed I ^^^.^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^

granite and gneiss. Gray to red \ ^^^^-j j^^^^^

Soils derived in
place from
weathered
products
of underlying
rocks.

soils, red clay subsoils.

I Cecil clay loam.
[ Cecil clay

Mainly from light-colored highly sili-
ceous granite. Gray soils, yeUow
sandy clay subsoils.

Mainly from intrusive rocks, as dio-
rite. Reddish soUs, yellowish plas-
tic clay subsoils.

Mainly from intrusive rocks, as dio-
rite. Dark-brown soils, yellowish
waxy clay subsoils.

Mainly from
fine ground
bluish slate.

Gray soils, yellow
sUty clay subsoils.

Durham coarse sandy loam.
Durham sandy loam.

Mecklenburg sandy loam.
Mecklenburg clay loam.

Iredell fine sandy loam.
Iredell loam.

f Alamance silt loam.
Alamance sUt loam (shallow
I phase.)
[ Alamance slate loam.

Gray to red soils, red
clay subsoils. j

} GeorgeviUe silt loam.

Soil washed from uplands and deposited in stream bot-
toms. Alluvial material subject to overflow.

Soil washed from uplands and deposited in stream bot-
toms. Varied te.xtural material undifferentiated.
Subject to overflow.

Congaree silty clay loam.

Meadow.

The following table gives the actual and relative extent of the several
soils. Their distribution is shown by means of colors on the accompany-
ing map :

AREAS OF DIFFERENT SOILS.

Soil

Cecil clay loam

Alamance silt loam

Shallow phase

Cecil .sandy loam

Iredell loam

Gcorgevillc .sill loam.

Iredell tine sandy loam

Cecil clay

Mecklenburg clay loam

Cecil coarse sandy loam

Acres

Per Cent

5.3,632

22.8

21,248
10, "52

\ 13.6

23,168

9.8

22,528

9.6

15,296

6.5

13,312

5.7

13,056

5.5

10,044

4.7

10,240

4.3

Soil

Congaree silty clay loam

Cecil fine sandy loam

Mecklenburg sandy loam

.Mamance slate loam

Hurham sandy loam

Meadow

Durham coarse sandy loam
Cecil loam

Total

Acres

7,360
7,010
6,464
5,824
5,760
4,736
3,200
960

235,520

Per Cent

3.1
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.0
1.4
.4

The Bulletin 17

CECIL CLAY LOAM

Tlie Cecil clay loam, locally called "red land," is the largest and most
important soil for general farming purposes in the county. It covers
53,632 acres or nearly one-fourth of the total land area in Cabarrus
County. Large areas of this soil are scattered over all parts of the
county, excepting the slate belt, being well developed around Best's
Mill, Pioneer Mills, Rimer, to the east and southwest of Concord, and
also in the northwestern corner of the county.

This soil consists of a brown to red heavy loam to clay loam ranging
in depth from 6 to 10 inches. The subsoil to a depth of 3 feet or more
is a bright red stiif clay, plastic when wet and hard and crumbly when
dry. To the west of Concord the subsoil contains a noticeable amount
of small scales of mica. In the northwestern part of the county the
surface soil for the first 2 or 4 inches may be a heavy sandy loam. In
other localities the surface soil is a dark brown to reddish brown clay
called "push land" or ''dead land," because it does not turn easily from
the moldboard. On eroded knolls and slopes spots of clay are of fre-
quent occurrence.

The Cecil clay loam surface varies from nearly level or undulating
to rolling and broken, the more level areas occurring in the vicinity of
Kimer, Five Pines, and Barrier School. The more rolling and broken
areas are found usually along Cold Water, Dutch Buffalo, and Irish
Buffalo creeks and Rocky River. In places the smaller streams have
cut deep gullies in the hillsides and given a rough and broken surface.
Much of this soil, however, lies beautifully for farming purposes, par-
ticularly the broad interstream areas. All of the type possesses good
natural drainage, the run-off being excessive on the steeper slopes.

This soil is best suited for the growing of wheat, corn, oats, cowpeas,
clover, and grasses, although cotton and all crops common to the county
are successfully produced. The best yield of cotton, potatoes, sorghum,
and garden vegetables are obtained from the lighter areas or those hav-
ing considerable sand in the surface soil. Cotton yields from V4 to 1 bale
per acre; corn from 15 to 50 bushels; wheat from 15 to 25 bushels; and
oats from 20 to 60 bushels per acre.

The amount of sand usually present in the surface soil of tlie clay
loam renders it more friable and easier to till than the heavy red clay.
To improve this land and to increase the yields, deeper plowing, more
thorough pulverization of the soil, together with the addition of manure
or other vegetable matter, are recommended. When green manuring
crops are turned under a liberal application of lime gives beneficial

results.

2

18

The Bulletin

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Cecil clay loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6f Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric

Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 (
Subsoil / ' 1

.078
.023

.078
.062

1.442
.974

.119
.311

1493
1861

1514
4913

2782C
77092

8739
24806

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine | Coarse I Medium j Fine

Gravel, , Sand, i Sand, Sand,

Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent Per Cent

1.7
.9

5.2
2.1

6.0
2.3

16.1
5.3

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

21.3

8.5

Silt,
Per Cent

27.0
32.2

Clay,
Per Cent

22,7
49.0

CECIL CLAY

The Cecil clay, locally known as "heavy red clay land," comprising
13,056 acres, consists of a reddish-brown to deep red clay loam or clay,
with a depth of 5 or 6 inches. It is underlain by a red stiff heavy clay,
being brittle when dray and sticky and plastic when wet. It is dis-
tributed in small areas over the greater part of the county, the larger
areas being situated between Concord and Poplar Tent Church to the
north of Mount Pleasant and in the southern part of the county. The
surface is rolling to hilly, and even broken, and the natural drainage is
good.

A considerable part of this soil is forested in white, red, and post oak,
some hickory, sweet-gum, dogwood, poplar, and pine. The Cecil clay
is recognized as one of the strongest soils in the county for the produc-
tion of wheat, oats, corn, clover, and grasses, and is susceptible to high
agricultural improvement. Some areas of this soil, especially those as-
sociated with Mecklenburg clay loam, are well suited to the growing of
alfalfa. Heavy applications of lime and manure and thorough prepara-
tion of the soil and inoculation of it are essential in securing a good
stand. Large yields of wheat, oats, corn, and clover are obtained, while
cotton does fairly well. The turning under of clover, cowpeas, or ma-
nure add humus and improve the structure of the soil, together with
deeper plowing, and better preparation of the seed-bed and the addition
of lime are suggested for increasing the yields upon the Cecil clay. This
land I'equircs strong teams and heavy equipment for the highest effi-
ciency of crop production.

The Bulletin

19

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Cecil clay.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Dfepth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2P)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PsOe)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 „ f
Subsoil) 2™-- {

.087
.031

.072
.245

.147
.35

.32
.17

1607
2480

1428
19600

2916
28000

6348
13600

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

0.5
0 2

2.8
1.0

6.4
1.9

16.5
4.2

13.3
5.1

26.0
36.8

33.
50.

CECIL SANDY LOAM

The Cecil sandy loam is one of the large and important types, cover-
ing as it does 23,168 acres or about 10 per cent of Cabarrus County. It
is widely distributed over all parts with the exception of the slate belt
on the eastern side. Large areas lie to the east, north, and west of Con-
cord and south of Rocky River.

The surface soil is a gray to light brown medium sandy loam, 5 to
10 inches deep. The subsoil to a depth of 3 feet or more is a stiff briglit
red clay, hard and crumbly when dry and sticky while wet. Occasion-
ally the subsoil is mottled with yellow, this being noticeable especially
to the east of Concord. In places the surface soil may be a coarse sandy
loam, and again a reddish-brown clay loam is seen where the surface soil
has been washed off.

It occupies the smooth broad ridges, which becomes rolling and broken
as the streams are approached. The natural surface drainage is good,
and no ditching is necessary; but terracing of the hillsides is essential
in places to prevent erosion.

The soil is loose in structure, is easily tilled with improved machinery;,
and warms up early in the spring. These favorable features render the
soil capable of producing a wide range of crops, and it is considered
one of the best soils in the county. The sandier areas are especially
adapted to truck crops, sweet potatoes, watermelons, peanuts, and ma-
hogany tobacco, while the heavier portion of the type is suited to cot-
ton, small grains, corn, cowpeas, and soy beans.

20

Tilt Bulletin

Corn usually yields about 15 to 20 bushels per acre, aud when ma-
nured and properly cultivated as much as 50 to 75 bushels per acre may
be obtained; wheat from 8 to 20 bushels; and oats from 20 to 40 bushels
per acre.

Fig. 4. — A modern type of sand-clay road that is being constructed in parts of the county

The Cecil sandy loam is capable of being built up to a higher state
of productiveness by deeper plowing, increasing depth gradually, better
cultivation, and by the incorporation of green manuring crops, such
as clover, cowpeas, and soy beans. The clay subsoil enables the soil to
hold the improvements, and beneficial effects of manures are quite lasting.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Cecil sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

•

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6f Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PaOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PiOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 . /
Subsoil/ ''"'"■ i

.019
.020

.019
.058

1.78
1.374

.1962
.51

622
1640

278
4640

41488
109960

4902
40800

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

7.0
2.6

20.1
9.9

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

16.9
7.1

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

22.3
9.7

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

7.4
4.7

Silt,
Per Cent

21.5
38.8

Clav,
Per Cent

5.4
32.1

The Bulletin

21

CECIL COARSE SANDY LOAM

This is the gray to reddish-grown coarse saudy soil, having a red
sandy clay or stiff clay subsoil. The soil carries a considerable quantity
of fine gravel, and this, together with coarse sand, gives a loose, porous
structure to the material in some places, while in others there is enough
silt and clay to cause the soils to bake slightly.

There are 10,240 acres of this soil, and most of it lies in the northern
end of the county around Kannapolis. Bodies of it also occur to the
west of Gillwood Church and northeast of Bogens Chapel. It is de-
veloped on the broad ridges, having a gently rolling to rolling surface
and possessing excellent natural drainage. It warms up comparatively
early in the spring, and this fact renders it suitable for the growing of
vegetables. Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, cowpeas, sorghum cane, sweet
potatoes, and peanuts are successfully grown. In the deeper and more
sandy areas bright tobacco can be produced profitably. This soil is
fertilized and handled in the same way as the sandy loam, and the
recommendations suggested for the improvement of that type will
apply well to the coarse sandy loam.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Cecil course sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PjOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ J
Subsoil) 2"^™- \

.036
.017

.046
.051

4.18
3.578

.27

.48

594
1270

759
3111

68070
267348

4455
36S66

MECHANICAL ANALY.SIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

15.9
3.8

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

23.2
9.6

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

11.0
6.0

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

18.4
8.4

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

4.0
2.4

Silt,
Per Cent

21.9
25.0

Clay,
Per Cent

5.0
44.8

CECIL FINE SANDY LOAM

This type is next to the smallest in size of Cecil soils in the county.
It embraces only 7,040 acres. Most of it is confined to the northern
part of the county between Heilman's Mill and Barrier School, with
scattering bodies to the south of Harrisburg and Poplar Tent Church
near Pioneer Mills.

22

The Bulletin

The surface soil is gray to reddish-brown fine sandy loam to a depth
of about 5 to 10 inches, being mellow and friable. It is underlain by
red stiff clay w^hich shows mottlings of yellow in places below 24 inches.
Its surface varies from almost level to rolling and hilly, and the drain-
age is good for the greater part of it.

About one-half of the type is under cultivation and the remainder is
forested principally to hardwoods. Corn and cotton are the main crops
grown, and the yields are about the same as upon the Cecil sandy loam.
Wheat and oats and also cowpeas do well on the heavier areas of this
soil.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Cecil fine sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash

(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Surface \ . /
Subsoil) '"^'"- \

.044
.019

.171
.112

4.833
2.730

.572
• .040

873
1520

3392
8960

94919
218400

11348
3200

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil.
Subsoil

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

1.8
2.1

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

7.4
4.9

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

11.0
6.3

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

25.3
12.5

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

17.4
7.1

Silt,
Per Cent

29.8
31.5

Clay,
Per Cent

7.3
35.6

CECIL LOAM

The Cecil loam is the smallest type in the county, there being only
960 acres. This soil lies to the west and south of Concord, along what
is known as "Rock Kidge." White Hall and Jackson Training School
are also located upon it.

The soil is a brown to gray loam of a mellow structure, and the sub-
soil is a red stiff brittle clay, passing usually at from 18 to 24 inches
into rotten rock. Large bowlders and fragments of rock occur on the
.surface, and frequently the bedrock joins the surface soil. It occupies
the high ridges, having almost level surface features, and is naturally
well drained. The shallow soil areas underlain by rock are liable to
suffer from drought.

The Bulletin

23

Cotton, corn, and wheat are grown, and fair jdelds are obtained.
Cotton, lima beans, Irish potatoes, cabbage, and vegetables give better
returns than other crops.

The following table gives the results of mechanical analysis of
samples of the soil and subsoil of the Cecil loam :

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF CECIL LOAM.

Number

Description

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fint

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

24362

Soil .--

*
3.5
0.4

5.7
1.5

5.8
2.0

15.5

6.2

17.3
6.0

37.6
23.4

14.4

24363

Subsoil- --

60.5

DURHAM SANDY LOAM

This soil and the Durham coarse sandy loam are the 'Svhitish" or
"light gray sandy lands" of this region. There are 5,760 acres of the
Durham sandy loam in the county. Most of this soil occurs in rather
large bodies to the southeast of Concord and southwest of Mount
Pleasant, and also to the northeast of Macedonia.

Fig. 5. — This scraper is beintc used quite commonl.v to put the roads in better shape

The surface soil to a depth of about 8 to 15 inches is a light gray
loamy sand containing a few quartz fragments. The subsoil is a yellow
friable clay or sandy clay. It occupies level to gently rolling to hilly
surface features, the rougher areas comprising the slopes near the
streams. The best farming areas lie to the southwest of Mount Pleasant

and on the ridges in the vicinitv of Concord.

It is Avell drajjied.

24

The BuLLETiisr

The Durham sandy loam gives fair yields of corn and cotton when
fertilized or manured. It is best suited to the growing of sweet potatoes,
peanuts, rye, sorghum cane, watermelons, and garden vegetables and
fruits. It is admirably adapted to the production of bright tobacco
of the cigarette and granulated pipe-smoking type, and is being exten-
sively used for this crop in central North Carolina. The soil is very
easy to till, warms up early in the spring, and responds freely to the
application of fertilizers and manures. It needs more humus, and this
can be had by turning under leguminous crops.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Durham sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Nitrogen

(N)

Surface \ „ /

Subsoil) 2"'™- \;

.036
.012

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash

fKzO)

.011
.01

.33
1.23

Lime
(CaO)

.16
1.61

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

1522
697

837
194

25106
23813

12173
31170

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

6.3
4.6

23.7
12.4

17.1
11.2

17.4
16.7

14.0
12.1

17.9
17.7

3.8
25.5

DURHAM COARSE SANDY LOAM

This soil is quite similar to the Durham sandy loam. There are
3,200 acres of this land in the county. The largest bodies lie to the east
of Concord, to the east of Kannapolis, and in the northwestern part of
the county along Rocky River,

The surface soil is a gray to yellowish-gray loamy coarse sand with
considerable fine white quartz gravel, or is composed of a fine sand,
silt, and clay with quartz gravel and coarse sand. It is underlain at
depths of about 10 to 24 inches by a yellow coarse friable sandy clay
Avhich grades into the rotten rock frequently at 24 inches below the sur-
face. Flakes of mica are also seen in places.

It is developed on the nearly level to hilly and broken areas. The
more level surface is seen east of Kannapolis, while the rougher areas
occur along Rocky River. All of the type is excellently drained, due to

Thk Bulletin

25

tlie open structure and coarse texture. This soil is deficient in vegetable
matter, and it can best be supplied by turning under green manuring
crops or adding large quantity of barnyard manure. This organic mat-
ter would render the soil more loamy and more retentive of moisture.
Increased yields, particularly of corn, can be obtained where the soil
is filled with humus.

The coarse sandy loam is adapted to the same crops and is now being
used in the same way as the sandy loam. There is practically no dif-
ference in the agricultural value of the two types.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soils and
subsoils of Durham coarse sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,0an,G00 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen
(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ f
Subsoil) 2™'"- {

.026
.014

.091
.04

3.68
2.67

.75
.89

495
1066

1731
3043

69984
203347

14265
76255

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine
Gravel,
Per Cent

Surface soiL
Subsoil

12.9
9.5

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

18.1
11.1

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

12.4
8.1

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

23.2
15.6

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

8.2
12.1

Silt,
Per Cent

19.2
21.1

Clay,
Per Cent

5.8
22.2

MECKLENBURG CLAY LOAM

The Mecklenburg clay loam, commonly known as "red blackjack
land," consists of 5 to 8 inches of reddish-brown loam to clay loam.
Small rounded brown to black pebbles or concretions, and also a few
quartz fragments, are seen on the surface. The subsoil is a yellowish-
brown to reddish-brown sticky impervious clay to a depth of 20 to 36
inches, where it passes into the lotten rock and finally into hard bedrock.

There are 10,944 acres of this land in Cabarrus County. It occur>
mainly in one large area in the southwestern part of the county, be-
ginning about 2 miles southwest of Concord and extending to Harris-
burg, being well developed around Patterson'.s Mill and Fairview
Church. Its surface varies from nearly level to gently rolling. The
more rolling portion has good drainage, but the more level areas require
the construction of open ditches to carry off the excess rain water which
is retarded in its dowuAvard movement by the impervious character of
the heavy subsoil.

26

The Bulletin

The Mecklenburg cla^^ loain is considered one of the best soils in
the county for the production of corn, wheat, oats, and Johnson grass.
On some of the better drained areas alfalfa, clover, soy beans, and cow-
peas would give good results. The yields of corn range from 15 to 40
bushels; wheat from 12 to 33 bushels; oats from 15 to 40 bushels, and
cotton from i/'o bale to 1 pale per acre. Better preparation of the seed-
bed, better drainage, and the incorporation of vegetable matter in the
soil are important factors towards securing larger yields.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Mecklenburg clay loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash

(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ ^ /
Subsoil/ "'"'"• \

.055
.051

.094
.264

.159
.245

.778
1.244

1100
4080

1880
21120

3180
19600

15560
99520

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

7.6
3.1

9.7
3.8

8.4
4.1

20.7
10.2

14.8
9.1

16.6
17.4

23.2
52.3

MECKLENBURG SANDY LOAM

This is the "red sandy blackjack land" comprising 6,464 acres. The
largest areas of this soil are situated in the vicinity of Harrisburg and
to the northwest of Patterson's Mill.

The surface soil is a dark brown to reddish-brown sandy loam of a
depth of about 6 to 12 inches. A few small rounded iron pebbles, or
concretions appear on its surface and give it a coarse feel and somewhat
porous structure. The subsoil is a brownish-yellow or ocherous-yellow
sticky heavy clay to a depth of 20 to 36 inches, where it grades into the
soft rock. A few mica scales are seen locally, and also quartz fragments
appear here and there.

It has undulating to gently rolling to rolling surface features, and
possesses good natural surface drainage. The soil is easier to till and
warms up earlier in the spring than the clay loam ; also, cotton matures
earlier than on the heavier ''blackjack lands."

The BuLf-KTix

27

The usual crops of the couuty are grown with a fair degree of suc-
cess. Cotton yields from i/^ to 1 bale per acre, depending upon fertiliza-
tion methods and cultivation. Corn produces from 15 to 30 bushels,
oats from 15 to 30 bushels, and wheat, cowpeas, and soy beans do well.
The same fertilization and treatment is given this land as employed
in handling the Mecklenburg clay loam.

Fig. b. — A typical cotton mill scene

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Mecklenburg sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000X00 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PaOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(KsO)

Lime
(CaOr

Surface ) „ f
Subsoil/ ''"'"• \

.076
.0345

110 1.19
.21 .60

3.583
5.26

1494
2760

2163
16800

23395
48000

70442
420800

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Surface soil.
Subsoil

10.5
3.3

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

12.7
5.3

Medium | Fine
Sand, • Sand.
Per Cent ; Per Cent

8.5
5.4

Verv Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

18.1
14.3

13.2
11.6

20.1
17.9

Clay.
Per Cent

16.7
42 1

28

The Bulletin

lEEDELL LOAM

The Iredell loam, generally known as "blackjack oak land" or "pipe-
clay land," covers 22,528 acres. It and tlie fine sandy loam are dis-
tinguislied from other soils by the putty-like character of the subsoils
and the dominant blackjack oak growth.

The surface soil is dark gray to brown loam or heavy fine sandy loam,
carrying a considerable quantity of small rounded iron concretions and
extending to a depth of about 6 inches. Fragments of quartz and
nigger-head rock are present on surface in a few localities. The subsoil
is a brownish-yellow to light brown sticky impervious heavy clay to a
depth of 24 to 30 inches, where it usually passes into the soft rotten
rock.

The largest areas occur to the south of Harrisburg, north by Car-
rikers Store, to the southeast of Concord around Faggarts, and to the
north of Mount Olive Church. Most of it has a fairly level surface.
This fact, together with the dense nature of the subsoil, results in poor
drainage over the flatter and more depressed areas. Open ditches serve
well.

Most of the Iredell loam is fairly easy to cultivate. The difficulty
comes in turning up much of the clay subsoil at any one time. Fall
plowing, however, is good for this land, as the heavy clay crumbles
down during the winter. The soil is well suited to the growing of
wheat and oats, although corn and cotton do well when the soil has
been limed and kainit added to correct the frenching of corn and the
rusting of cotton. This is a good productive soil and one which is com-
ing to be so recognized.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Iredell loam:

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-

phoiic

Acid

(PiOs)

Potash
a<:0)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(PjOs)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ „ f

.049

.04

,131

.85

918

750

2455

15929

Subsoil/ 2n>-- {

.025 .034

.092

1.63

1986

2701

7308

129487

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,
Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

8.0
1.0

8.0
2.0

5.0
2.0

12.0
10.0

28.0
20.0

20.0
39.0

20.0
26.0

The Bulletin

29

IKKDELL FINE SAXDY LOAM

This is tlie sandy "blackjack oak land" and is closely related to the
Iredell loam. There are 13,312 acres of this soil scattered over the
northwestern part of the county around Heilman's Mill, Cook's Cross-
ing, Macedonia, north of Shiloh, and in the southern part of the county
to the south of Ilarrisburg and west of Sherrill's Springs.

This soil is a dark gray or gray fine sandy loam having a depth of
8 to 10 inches. Small rounded black to dark brown iron concretions or
pebbles are scattered over the surface and mixed with the soil. The
subsoil is a sticky, waxy, impervious clay of a yellowish color, but turns
brown on exposure to the air. Below 24 to 30 inches, this clay grades
into a soft greenish yellow rock.

Fig. 7. — A field of red clover on Iredell loam type of soil

This Iredell fine sandy loam has a flat to rolling surface. The flat
to gently rolling areas lie mainly in the western part of the county,
along Coddle Creek, and are poorly drained, while its more rolling areas
along Dutch Buffalo Creek have good surface drainage. It is a mellow
soil and one easy to till where well drained. Wheat, oats, corn, and
grasses do well, and Bermuda grass could be successfully grown for
pasturage purposes. This soil is handled in practically the same way and
requires similar fertilization as the Iredell loam.

30

The Bulletin

The following table gives tlie average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Iredell fine sandy loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Suriace Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash

(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface 1 „ J

., > 2 mm. <

Subsoil / \

.0325
.0340

.102
.021

.212
.177

.53
1.56

614

2685

1926
1658

4003
13976

10006
123178

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

2.6
1.0

7.0
2.0

10.5
3.1

28.3
10.2

16.9
10.7

26.2
20.2

8.5
52.7

ALAMANCE SILT LOAM

This type, together with the shallow phase, covers approximately one-
seventh or 32,000 acres of the county. It is developed in large areas
in the slate belt along the eastern and southeastern border of the
county, joining the extensive area which reaches across Stanly and
other counties.

The Alamance silt loam is locally called "white floury land" because
of its mellow, smooth silty texture and Avhitish appearance. The first
few inches of the surface is a light gray silt loam, passing into a pale
yellow silt loam, which extends to a depth of 6 to 10 inches. The sub-
soil is a light yellow compact but friable silty clay loam to silty clay,
usually i)assing into the rotten slate roch at 30 to 36 inches. Upon the
flatter' or slightly depressed areas the subsoil may show mottlings of light
gray or drab, while on the ridges reddish colorations are seen. Small
slate fragments and also a few quartz rocks occur on its surface in some
localities, but not to such an extent as to interfere with cultivation.

The surface of this soil is prevailingly smooth and flat, with some
rolling areas in the southern pnrt of the county. With the exception of
the more level areas all of it has fairly good natural drainage. Open
ditches would serve every purpose for drainage. This soil, as its color
indicates, is naturally deficient in organic matter. Owing to the fine
texture of the soil and lack of vegetable matter, it is liable to bake and

The BrLi.ETix

31

run together. The turning under of green manuring crops, such as
clover, cowpeas, or rye, or probably barnyard manure, would supply the
needed vegetable matter, add nitrogen to the soil, and make it more
loamy and more retentive of moistux-e, thus greatly increasing the
yields. Deeper plowing and the addition of lime are also recommended.
The Alamance silt loam is best suited to the growing of wheat, rye,
oats, corn, grasses, and cowpeas. Cotton yields are low, the average
being about one-fourth or one-third bale per acre. Many of the bolls
fail to mature. Sorghum cane, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, and
garden vegetables can be profitably grown. Corn yields from 12 to 50
bushels, wheat from 8 to 20 bushels, oats from 12 to 30 bushels, and
sweet potatoes from 40 to 100 bushels.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Alamance silt loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentase Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Pepth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(KjO)

I/ime
(CaO)

Surface \ ^ (
„ , ., ^ 2 mm. <
Subsoil J \

.051
.043

.063
.127

.888
1.340

.206
.335

964
3333

1189
9313

16S07
103344

3897
25031

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil-
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Pei Cent

1.9
0.6

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

2.9
0.9

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

1.4
0.4

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

4.1
0.9

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

13.0
13.9

Silt,
Per Cent

63.1
33.6

Clay,
Per Cent

13.7
49.1

ALAMANCE SILT LOAM, SHALLOW PHASE

This shallow phase is shown on the map by cross lines on color of
Alamance silt loam. It differs from that type in that the yellow silty
clay subsoil extends to a depth of 10 to 20 inches Avhere the underlying
slate rock is reached. In places the rock occurs immediately under the
surface soil, and even outcrops of it are common. Locally there is a con-
siderable quantity of fine slate particles and quartz rock on the surface.

This phase lies within or joins the silt-loam type in the eastern part
of the county. It occupies the more rolling areas of the slate belt and

32

The Bulletin

along some of tlie streams tlie surface becomes broken. All of it is
well drained, and the portions where the rock is nearest the surface are
droughty. Much of the shallow phase is forested with white, red, post,
and blackjack oaks, and some hickory, cedar, and dogwood. Practically
the came crops are grown on this soil as upon the silt loam, but the
yields are lower, and the soil is considered of low agricultural value.

Fig. 8. — Cultivating soy beans on Iredell sandy loam soil

ALAMANCE SLATE LOAM

There are 5,824 acres of this land within Cabarrus County. All of
it is found in strips and irregular bodies in the extreme soiitheastern
part of the county and along the Stanly County line.

This land is readily recognized by the presence of from 35 to 60 per
cent of bluish-gray to gray slate fragments, usually angular and oblong
and varying in length from 1 inch to several inches, scattered over the
surface and mixed with the soil. Many outcrops of slate were observed,
and these obstruct cultivation. The slate loam is a shallow soil, being
underlain by broken slate rock at depths of from 8 to 15 inches. The
slate fragments on the surface interfere with the cultivation of most
crops. The soil is droughty and is excessively drained. Most of the
type is forested to red, white, and post oak, with some hickory and
dogwood. When not too slaty, patches of corn, oats, wheat, and cotton
are grown.

The Bulletin

33

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Alamance slate loam :

CHEMICAL

ANALYSIS.

'

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6§ Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

-

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface ) ^ f
Subsoil / ^ ™'"- \

.101
.042

.096
.131

•
1.83
3.14

.30
.101

2020
3360

1920

10480

36600
2r)1200

6000
8080

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil

8,9

6.0

2.5

4.8

7.9

53.8

16.2

GEORGEVILLE SILT LOAM

This is the red soil of the slate belt, and covers 15,296 acres of the
county. The surface soil is a light red to brown heavy silt loam, 4 to
6 inches deep, possessing a smooth floury feel. In wooded areas the
first few inches of the surface may have a grayish or yellowish color.
The subsoil is a dull or bright red silty clay of a tough but brittle struc-
ture. Frequently at 3 feet soft rotten varicolored slate rocks occur, niul
occasionally the red rock outcrops.

The Georgeville silt loam is confined to the eastern side of the county,
where it occurs in long belts along Little BuiTalo and Little Bear creeks
and also along the lower portion of Rocky Kiver in the southeastern
corner. Its surface varies from practically level to gently rolling, and
even rolling to hilly near the river. JSTatural surface drainage is well
established, and rather excessively on the steeper slopes.

This soil is generally easy to till if handled under the proper moisture
conditions; otherwise it is liable to bake slightly. The soil is suspectible
to much improvement by the addition of barnyard manure or the turn-
ing under of green manures, deeper plowing, better preparation, and tlie
application of lime.

34

The Bulletin

Corn yields from 15 to 40 busliels; wheat from 10 to 20 bushels;
oats from 15 to 35 bushels per acre. Cotton is grown to some extent,
but the yields are generally low, due in part to early frosts in the slate
belt.

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Georgeville silt loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6| Inches,
2,000,000 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O5)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface ) „ f
Subsoil/ 2'""^- \

.072
.048

.076
.072

1.394
1.85

.23
.08

1440
3840

1520
5760

27880
148000

4600
6400

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS.

Surface soil-
Subsoil

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

3.8
0.9

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

3.4
1.9

Medium

Sand,
Pel Cent

1.9
1.2

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Vei-y Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

13.2
7.0

Silt,
Per Cent

50.3
39.2

Clay.
Per Cent

21.2
45.8

CONGAREE SILTY CLAY LOAM

This type represents 7,360 acres of fertile land developed in the first
bottoms along the streams. It occurs in strips varying in width from
a few yards to a half mile along Dutch Buffalo, Irish Bufl'alo, and
Cold Water creeks and Kocky River. It occupies the low-lying flat lands
only a few feet above the normal water level of the streams. Overflows
are frequent when the land has not been reclaimed by canals.

The surface soil is a brown to reddish-brown silty clay loam with a
depth of ,15 to 30 inches, being smooth and Avorking up into a good tilth.
It is underlain by a brown silty clay. Both soil and subsoil contain
small flakes of mica. Spots of fine sandy loam were included with the
type in places along Cold Water and Coddle creeks. It is naturally
one of the richest soils in the county, being composed of the fine sedi-
ments or so-called cream of the uplands which have been washed down
and deposited along the streams. It is especially adapted to corn and
grasses. Corn yields from 50 to 100 bushels per acre without fertilizer,
while wild grasses flourish and make good hay or afford excellent pas-
turage for cattle during a large part of the year.

The Bulletin

35

The following table gives the average results of analyses of soil and
subsoil of Congaree silty clay loam :

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

Percentage Composition

Pounds of Total Plant Food Con-
stituents Per Acre.
Surface Soil to Depth of 6J Inches,
2,CO0,OO0 Lbs.
Subsoil to Depth of 28 Inches,
8,000,000 Lbs.

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid

(P2O5)

Potash

(K2O)

Lime

(CaO)

Nitrogen

(N)

Phos-
phoric
Acid
(P2O6)

Potash
(K2O)

Lime
(CaO)

Surface \ . (
Subsoil/ 2"^"^- \

.093

.075

.122
.111

1.12
.953

1.07
2.21

1860
6000

2440
8880

22400
76240

21400
176800

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Fine

Gravel,

Per Cent

Coarse

Sand,

Per Cent

Medium

Sand,
Per Cent

Fine

Sand,

Per Cent

Very Fine

Sand,
Per Cent

Silt,
Per Cent

Clay,
Per Cent

Surface soil

Subsoil .-

0.0
0.0

0.3
0.0

0.3
0.9

1.9

8.1

13.2
28.6

56.4
35.4

27.9
26.8

MEADOW

The term "Meadow" is applied to the bottom-lands along some of the
creeks and branches. The soil is variable in texture and color, ranging
from a loose gray sand to a brown mellow silt loam or clay. It is con-
stantly being changed by the depositions of sediments washed do"\\Ti
from the hills or by the removal of material in the bottoms.

All of it is subject to frequent overflow, and very little of it is used
for the production of crops. With the exception of the sand areas, this
land would give good yields of corn and grass. Some of it is devoted to
pasturage purpose for summer grazing of cattle. Hay of an excellent
quality is grown on some of the meadow. Much of this land could be
drained, reclaimed, and rendered very productive. There are 4,376
acres of Meadow in Cabarrus County.

STORE OF PLANT-FOOD IN THE SOILS OF THE COUNTY

The chemical examination of the soils of this county has shown in a
general way that nitrogen and phosophoric acid are the plant-food con-
stituents that are contained in smallest amounts. This has generally
been the findings, too, with reference to most of the soils occurring in
other counties of the Piedmont section of the State, the soils of which
have been examined by us.

36

The Bulletin

The soils of this county that show the Largest content of nitrogen
are Alamance Slate Loam, Congaree Silty Clay Loam, Cecil Clay, Cecil
Clay Loam, Mecklenburg Sandy Loam, Georgeville, Silt Loam, and
Mecklenburg Clay Loam; those showing the smallest amounts of this
constituent at the present time in the soil are Cecil Sandy Loam, Dur-
ham Coarse Sandy Loam, Iredell Fine Sandy Loam, Cecil Coarse Sandy
Loam, Durham Sandy Loam, Cecil Fine Sandy Loam, Iredell Loam,
and Alamance Silt Loam types, in the order given.

m^ "i

s»=v*:;l • I*:

Y\G. 9. — Improving laiui Ijy smwiii^ st-lvt-t ln_■all^ iu tlif rows ol' ciiru

Phosphoric acid is contained in highest amounts in the soils of the
county in the order given: Cecil Fine Sandy Loam, Congaree Silty
Clay Loam, Mecklenburg Sandy Loam, Iredell Fine Sandy Loam,
Alamance Slate Loam, Mecklenburg Clay Loam, and Durham Coarse
Sandy Loam ; and lowest with Durham Sandy Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam,
Iredell Loam, Cecil Coarse Sandy Loam, Alamance Silt Loam, Cecil
Clay, Georgeville Silt Loam and Cecil Clay Loam. The Cecil Fine
Sandy Loam, Congaree Silty Clay Loam, Mecklenburg Sandy Loam,
and Iredell Fine Sandy Loam are higher, generally speaking, in con-
tent of phosphoric acid than most other Piedmont soils of their series.
Particularly is this so in the case of the Cecil Fine Sandy Loam type.

In potash content the soils of this county, as of other counties located
in the Piedmont section of the State, are generally relatively high.
Those containing this constituent in the largest amounts are Cecil Fine
Sandy Loam, Cecil Coarse Sandy Loam, Durham Coarse Sandy Loam,
Alamance Slate Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam, Cecil Clay Loam, and George-
ville Silt Loam. The Cecil Fine Sandy Loam and Cecil Coarse Sandy
Loam contain more than 4 per cent of potash, and the Durham Sandy

The Bulletin

37

Loam contains more than ;5'-; per cent. Tliose lowest in this constitu-
ent are Iredell Loam, Cecil Clay, Mecklenburg Clay Loam, Iredell Fine
Sandy Loam, Durham Sandy Loam, Alamance Silt Loam, Congaree
Silty Clay Loam, and Mecklenburg Sandy Loam types, in the order
given.

In calcium content, the Mecklenburg Sandy Loam type is decidedly
higher than any other soil type occurring in the county. Other types
of the county containing highest amounts of calcium are Congaree Silty
Clay Loam, Iredell Loam, Mecklenburg Clay Loam, Durham Coarse
Sandy Loam, Cecil Fine Sandy Loam, and Iredell Fine Sandy Loam.
Those containing the smallest amount of calcium are Cecil Clay Loam,
Durham Sandy Loam, Cecil Sandy Loam, Alamance Silt Loam, George-
ville Silt Loam, Cecil Coarse Sandy Loam, Alamance Slate Loam, and
Cecil Clay.

Fig. 10. — Iiiii)i-ovins tlie land liy growing corn and cowpeas in alternate rows

WILAT EXPERIMENTS HAVE SHOWN TO BE THE CHIEF NEEDS OF THE SOILS

The results of field experiments that have been conducted for three
years on Mecklenburg Clay Loam type in this county, and for a num-
ber of years on the Cecil Clay Loam type in Gaston County, on Cecil
Clay and Iredell Loam in Mecklenburg County, and on Cecil Clay
Loam in Iredell County, have shown as an average that, generally speak-
ing, nitrogen and phosphoric acid are the jilant-food constituents gen-
erally needed by most of the soils occurring in the county. Nitrogen is
especially essential at this time. Applications of potash have not gen-
erally been found to be absolutely essential for general crops, .such as
small grains, corn and cotton, in order to be assured of good yields.
Where kainit has been used on cotton that is subject to rust, with such

38

The Bulletijst

good results tlie weight of evidence is that the chief value has been from
the common salt which the kainit contains in large quantities. Average
kainit will contain from 30 to 40 per cent of this material. Ordinary-
waste meat salt used at the rate of 400 to 600 pounds per acre has been
found in experimental work to greatly reduce this trouble with cotton.
It is more than probable that for such crops as tobacco, potatoes, and
legumes, applications of potash, when prices are normal, will in many
cases, at least, prove to be profitable. Especially is this so when the
soils are low in organic matter, notwithstanding fairly good crops might
be grown without such applications. In experiments on the Alamance
Silt Loam type of soil near Monroe in Union County, the soil being
fairly low in organic matter, it has been found that the use of potash
when obtainable at normal prices has increased the yields of an oat-
and-vetch mixture for hay, and of seed cotton in sufficient amounts to
justify its use. It is believed that with the organic matter supply
materially increased in this soil, as well as other types of soil occurring
in the county, the necessity for applications of potash may not be in many
cases necessary in order to secure good yields.

Fio. 11. — This grass mixture will do well on the soils of the county, if properly

put in and manured

With all the main types of soil occurring in the county when they
arc low in organic matter, nitrogen has been shown to be of chief im-
portance. Upon increasing the amount of organic matter in the soil
the necessity for applications of materials carrying nitrogen in available
form is greatly reduced. All the soils of the county, types of which have
been examined chemically, are low in nitrogen and organic matter, and

The Bullf:tix 30

field tests have shown applications of nitrogen in available form to give
splendid increases in yields of crops.

The phosphoric acid contained in the Cecil Fine Sandy Loam, Con-
garee Silty Clay Loam, Mecklenburg Sandy Loam, and Iredell Fine
Sandy Loam types is sufficiently high to lead to the belief that when
these soils are handled in such a way as to embrace in them considerable
amounts of organic matter, the necessity for the use of applications of
materials carrying phosphoric acid will not be as pressing as it is at the
present time. Particularly is this so with the Cecil Fine Sandy Loam
type, which contains almost 0.2 per cent of phosphoric acid in the sur-
face soil. This is very high when compared with most other Piedmont
soils. In experiments in Mecklenburg County on the Iredell Loam type
of soil it has been found that applications of phosphoric acid do not
increase the yield at all. There is every reason to believe that the Ire-
dell Loam type of this county will show need for this constituent as the
quantity of phosphoric acid in the soil of this type in Cabarrus County,
on an average, is about one-seventh of the same type occurring in Meck-
lenburg County. As a matter of fact, the Iredell Loam of this county
is one of the very lowest in total content of phosphoric acid.

Judging from the chemical analyses of the soils of different types
found in the county, as well as from such other information as we have
with reference to them, it is felt that in a general way nitrogen and
phosphoric acid are the two controlling plant-food constituents at the
present time in crop production, so far as soil fertility is concerned.
In a general way the field results, too, point in the same general direc-
tion as to the needs of the soils of the county. The incorporation of
organic matter is of the highest importance, as, generally speaking, the
percentage of this constituent in the soils is relatively low. When
leguminous crops and other cover crops are grown on the soils of the
county and plowed in to increase its organic-matter supply, it will be
found that in most cases a fairly liberal use of lime will be essential for
the best and most profitable returns. Our experiments generally, con-
ducted in the Piedmont section of the State, indicate that lime is essen-
tial to be added where a proper system of crop rotation is practiced and
organic matter is plowed into the soil.

HOW TO SUPPLY PLANT-FOOD REQUIREMENTS

IN'iTROGEN — Soils showing a need for applications of nitrogen or am-
monia, as they do in this county, can usually be considered as deficient
in organic matter, and when the organic matter is high in any soil it
may generally be inferred that such soil is relatively well provided with
nitrogen.

Analyses and field results have shown that the soils of this county
are generally low in nitrogen. One of the main problems, therefore,
for the farmers will be to supply this constituent in fairly liberal quan-
tities to the soil and do it as cheaply as possible. The chief means
that must be used in supplying the nitrogen will be by the growing of

40 The Bulletin

suitable leguminous crops, properly inoculated, on the land and turning
all or part of these into the soil. By the use of such a plan not only
will the supply of nitrogen and organic matter be increased, but the
physical properties of the soils will be greatly improved by the addi-
tion of the organic matter to such an extent that "baking" would be
greatly reduced after rains and plowing be made easier and much more
satisfactory.

Other materials that may be depended upon to supply the needs of the
soils of the county are farm manures and commercial fertilizers. The
commercial materials that carry moderate or high percentages of nitro-
gen are usually expensive. It is frequently difficult to have low-priced
products like corn pay well for other than moderate applications of
farm manures. Of course, when corn is selling at as high prices as it
is at the present time much larger amounts, when properly used, may
be added to advantage. Where a crop like cotton is growai and the prices
secured for the seed and lint are fair to high, farmers will find, usually,
that the use of commercial forms of nitrogen in proper amounts may be
used profitably, provided they are combined with other materials that
will supply the other needs of the crop when it is grown on any particu-
lar soil type.

Where grains or grasses are grown mainly, other sources of nitrogen
than commercial ones will generally have to be depended upon to a large
extent. Barnyard manure furnishes one of the most desirable sources
of this constituent, as combined with it are large amounts of organic
matter and moderate amounts of phosphoric acid and potash. This ma-
terial, however, is not very well balanced in plant-food constituents to
meet the requirements of the soils of the county. It will, therefore,
have to be supplemented by materials carrying the required constituents
needed by the soils, the chief of which will be phosphoric acid, when a
sufficient amount of manure is added to provide for the nitrogen needs.
As valuable as barnyard manure may be, it cannot be solely depended
upon by farmers generally to keep up the organic matter and nitrogen
supply of their soils, as the amount produced on the average farm is
relatively small as compared with the acreage devoted to the growing
of crops.

PiiosPHouio Acid — This constituent is contained in very small
quantities in the Durham Sandy Loam and Cecil Sandy Loam types.
It is not high in any of the types of soil except those mentioned above.

With the farmer it will generally be necessary, in order that his profits
may be greater, for him to use phosphoric acid applications on crops
grown on most of the types of soil of the county. Particularly will this
be so with those soils low in phosphoric acid. Taking everything into
consideration, the two common forms that will have to be depended upon
largely at the present time to supply available phosphoric acid will be
acid phosphate and basic slag. Of course, there will be added to the

The BrLLETiN

41

soil a considerable aiiiount of pliosplioric acid wlicii liheral amounts
of manure, cotton-seed meal and soy-bean meal, and ground bone are
used alone or in such materials as tankage or fish scrap.

Wliei'e large amounts of organic matter are being turned back into
the soil, in many cases it may be profitable to use finely ground phos-
phate rock at the time the material is being turned in. The organic
matter in rotting will tend to bring into available form some of the phos-
phoric acid contained in this phosphatic material. Again, a plan that
in many cases would a^^pear to be practical would be to add finely ground
phosphate rock to manure in stables as the manure is being formed, using
the rock at the rate of 1 to 2 pounds per day broadcast over the manure,
twice per week.

Fig. 12. — The kind of pigs that can be iirofiuced in this county

Potash — With soils of this county, as well as wilh Piedmont soils
generally, the least important constituent to be added of the main plant-
food constituents at the present time has been found to be potash. As a
matter of fact, from the standpoint of potential plant-food it would
appear beyond doubt that potash is far less important than is phosphoric
acid and nitrogen to be applied. Xone of the soils contain less than
0.13 per cent, while the Cecil Fine Sandy Loam and Cecil Coarse Sandy
Loam contain over 4 per cent and the Durham Coarse Sandy Loam al-
most 3.7 per cent potash. Speaking generally, the soils of the county
contain enough potash in them for the growth of maximum crops for
a number of years to come, but it is not present at the present time,
apparently, in large amounts in soluble form. It is generally, with the
soils of this county as well as most other Piedmont counties, more of
a problem of making the supply present available than of increasing it
by the addition of fertilizing materials supplying this constituent. Par-

42 The Bulletin

ticularly is this so when the crops grown are of a nonlegaiminous type.
When the price of potash is as high as it is at the present time, its use
will not usually be found to pay on the ordinary crops, such as corn,
cotton, and small grains.

Lime — When the main crops of the county, like cotton and small
grains, are grown continuously on the land, as is frequently, done, with-
out the turning in of leguminous crops or crop residues or the addition
of organic matter in other ways, lime will not usually be found to give
much increase at the present time. However, when cover crops are
used, as they should be on all soils of the county, especially those low
in organic matter, lime will generally be found to be essential for most
favorable returns. Even with soils high in calcium like the Mecklen-
burg Sandy Loam, it will no doubt prove beneficial to make applications
of lime, as the calcium of this type of soil is largely, if not entirely,
combined in the form of silicates which do not act in this combination
in the same beneficial way as does the calcium contained in ground lime-
stone and other agricultural forms of lime. It is suggested that in
plowing up the soils of the county, from one to two tons of ground lime-
stone, shells, or marl, or the equivalent in some other form of lime, be
added. Many of the soils of the county are acid, and in order to over-
come this acidity, make them sweet and favorable for the growing of
leguminous crops, it will be necessary to use lime.

FERTILIZER MIXTURES TO USE FOR DIFFERENT CROPS

For the average types of soil occurring in the county low in phos-
phoric acid it is recommended that for cotton 400 to 600 pounds of a
mixture containing 10 to 12 per cent available phosphoric acid and 2V2
to 4 per cent ammonia be used. When the price of actual potash is not
greater than 5 to 6 cents per pound it will in most cases prove profitable
to use at least 2 per cent of this constituent. However, when the price
of potash is as high as it is at the present time, it will not generally
be found to pay with such crops as corn, cotton, and small grains ; cer-
tainly not if a proper system of crops is used. A mixture that will give
approximately the proportion indicated above is as follows :

Acid phosphate, 16 per cent 400 pounds

Cotton-seed meal, 71/2 per cent 200 pounds

Total 600 pounds

Dried blood, fish scrap, sulphate of ammonia, or nitrate of soda may
be substituted for the cotton-seed meal in the mixture. In making the
substitution it may be done. by using 47 pounds of blood, 75 pounds of
fish scrap, 30 pounds of sulphate of ammonia, or 42 pounds of nitrate
of soda for every 100 pounds of cotton-seed meal in the mixture.

fe

TllK JiuLLKTIN i:'>

If especially desired on tlie more open sandier soils of the county,
one-third to one-half of the nitrogen may be put in at the time the
crop is planted in the form of some organic combination such as cotton-
seed meal, dried blood, or fish scrap, reserving the other half to two-
thirds to be applied as a side-dressing in the form of sulphate of am-
monia or nitrate of soda about the first of July with crops planted in
the spring. It is believed that materials carrying phosphoric acid and
potash generally had best go on at the time the crop is planted.

For corn, small grains, grasses, and sorghum grown on the average
soils of the county, except those high in phosphoric acid, from 250 to
400 pounds per acre of a mixture containing 10 to 12 per cent available
phosphoric acid and 5 to 6 per cent ammonia will give good returns.
Where leguminous crops, stable manure, or other materials carrying
organic matter fairly rich in nitrogen go back into the soil, the amount
of nitrogen in the mixture might be reduced one-third to one-half or
more. Potash up to 1^2 to 2 per cent in the mixture may be expected
to pay when this constituent is selling at normal prices. A mixture
that will give approximately the right quantities of nitrogen and phos-
phoric acid for average soils of the county, with exception noted, is as
follows :

Acid phosphate, 16 per cent 200 pounds

Cotton-seed meal, 7^2 per cent 200 pounds

Total 400 pounds

Here, as above, the other recognized stable carriers of nitrogen may
be stubstituted for the cotton-seed meal in the proportions indicated.

For clovers, cowpeas, soy beans, and other leguminous crops 300
pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate per acre, with an api)lication of
lime every four to five years, will usually be found satisfactory on soils
containing a moderate amount of organic matter. This quantity may
in many cases be increased to 500 pounds per acre to good advan-
tage. Potash-supplying materials can be used on most of the soils
to good advantage when the price of this constituent is normal. Wo
would not think it necessary to use more than 3 to 4 per cent of
potash in the mixture for these crops, even when potash is cheap.

In case the land is very poor or very low in organic matter, so that
young plants do not start off well, a sufficient amount of cotton-seed
meal, dried blood, or other nitrogen-furnishing material must be added,
which will supply nitrogen in the mixture up to 1 to 3 per cent. When
300 to 500 pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate is used on such soils,
50 to 75 pounds of cotton-seed meal or its equivalent in nitrogen-content
of dried blood or other suitable carrier of this constituent may be used
usually to good advantage. If it is discovered after tlie plants have
gotten started that nitrogen is needed, as will be indicated by small, slow
growth, and pale, sickly appearance, the land being well drained, a top-

44

The Bulletin

dressing of 50 to 75 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre may be applied.
When the plants are free from rain or dew, this will usually be found
to be profitable.

With the high or moderately high phosphoric acid soils, the amounts
of phosphoric acid in the fertilizer mixture might in many cases be
reduced. Especially would this be so when the organic-matter supply
of these soils has been materially increased.

Fig. 13. — Bee-keeping is one of the most imiiortant of the .smaller industries of the home.

With all the mixtures given above, as the amount of organic matter
turned back into the soil is increased, especially that from leguminous
crops that are being grown on the land with the formation of nodules
on their roots, the amounts of cotton-seed meal and other nitrogenous
fertilizing materials required in the fertilizer mixtures to give most
profitable returns may be materially reduced. In fact, when the supply
has become liberal in the soil it might possibly be entirely left out of
the fertilizer mixture in nitrogen-carrying nuiterial. It should be the
aim of every farmer in the county, as nearly as practicable, to obtain
this condition with his soils, for under normal conditions nitrogen is
the constituent that is most expensive and the one that is most elusive,
and thereby easily lost from the soil when the conditions in the soil are
not just right.

CROP ROTATION NECESSARY FOR A PERMANENT SYSTEM OK AGRICULTURE

IN THE COUNTY

It is the duty of every owner of farm lands in this county, as well as
of other counties in the State, to follow methods of crop rotation and
fertilization that shall at least maintain the producing power of the
soils and build up tlio.se that are yielding only small returns at the pres-

The Btlletin 45

ent time. At the same tiiiio the treatment should be such as to give
good substantial financial returns on the investment. The method in
common use by farmers should be sucli that their soils would become
more productive from year to year. The investigations that have been
conducted by the Division of Agronomy in previous years have been
carried on primarily to determine the most economical methods of fer-
tilizing the various soil types in this and other counties of the State and
at the same time to take the information thus secured and apply it in
conjunction with systems of crop rotation found suited for different
conditions for the purpose of helping the farmer increase the producing
power of his soils. From information thus far secured we are able to
recommend methods which if followed by the farmers of Cabarrus
County will maintain their soils in a far more productive condition than
they are at the present time.

In providing the necessary plant-food constitutents as recommended
above for the different soils it is necessary to adopt good systems of
crop rotation, if the best and most profitable returns per acre are to be
secured. The following rotations are recommended as well adapted for
conditions jDrevailing in the county:

First Year — Corn with soy beans or cowpeas drilled in the row at
planting or befoi'e the first cultivation. They may be broadcasted just
before the last cultivation if this is more desirable.

Second Year — Wheat or oats, followed by red clover, spring seeding.

Third Year — Red clover.

This is a short rotation, admirably adapted for use by the grain
farmers of the county. .It will be essential to use lime where red clover
is seeded in order to be sure of success. The corn stover and wheat
straw from such a rotation should be plowed in or be fed to stock and the
manure carefully saved and returned to the soil. The soy beans or
cowpeas and the last crop of red clover in the third year should be
turned in to add to the organic matter and nitrogen supply of the soil.
In starting this rotation on average soils of the county, use the fertilizing
mixture given above for leguminous crops. If available, farm uianure
may be used with acid phosphate. In that case, if the application
is fairly liberal, the necessity for applying nitrogen in the fertilizer
mixture will be materially reduced or entirely done away with.

During the first year that wheat or oats are grown on the land, they
should receive the treatment indicated above for corn. In addition to
the acid phosphate it would be well to apply 200 to 400 pounds of rock
phosphate, as this fertilizer is for both the wheat and clover crop that
is to follow. An application of 600 to 800 pounds per acre of rock
phosphate to a good cro]) of red clover at the time or just before it is
turned into the soil might furnish much of the phosphoric acid required
by the crops of the second period of the rotation. Within a compara-
tively short time enough nitrogen should be furnished by the soy beans
or cowpeas, the clover, and the roughage or stable manure, if the crops

46 The Bulletin

are good and the manure saved and applied back on the land or plowed
directly into the soil after maturity. The application of rock phos-
phate and lime should be made every four to five years. Live-stock
farming in connection with this rotation might help in improving the
productivity of these soils if the manure is properly saved and applied
back on the soil.

FOUK-TEAK KOTATIONS

A good four-year rotation is the same as above, with oats and soy
beans or cowpeas following the corn the second year.

Other four-year rotations which could be adopted in this county are :

First Year — Corn, crimson clover.

Second Year — Crimson clover and cowpeas or soy beans.

Third Year — Wheat and oats, red clover.

Fourth Year — Red clover.

Or, for sections of the county in which cotton is grown, one similar
to this might be used :

First Year — Corn, wheat or oats.

Second Year — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Third Year — Red clover.

Fourth Year — Cotton, rye.

A similar method of fertilization should be adopted with these four-
year rotations as is given for the three-year rotation.

FIVE- OR SIX-YEAR ROTATIONS

Any of these rotations with two years of pasture added would make
them even better adapted to live-stock farming. Where it is desired to
grow cotton, the following six-year rotation should, under an intelligent
supplemental system of fertilization and proper cultivation, give good
results :

First Year — Corn, with cowpeas in the row or sown just before the
last cultivation.

Second Year — Cotton, with rye sown broadcast in the cotton after
the first picking and covered with a harrow or light cultivator.

Third Year — Rye plowed under, cowpeas, wheat or oats.

Fourth Year — Wheat or oats, red clover.

Fifth Year — Red clover.

The fertilizer, here, too, would be similar to that indicated above for
a three-year rotation.

THE BULLETIN

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 8 AUGUST, 1917 (Supplement) Whole No. 235

FERTILIZER ANALYSES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

EDWARDS a BROUGHTON PRINTING CO RALEIGH. N C

The Bulletin

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<

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 9 SEPTEMBER, 1917 Whole No. 236

REPORT OF SEED TESTS FOR 1917

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

RALEIGH

Edwabds & Broughton Printing Co.

State Printers

1917

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Raleigh, K". C, August 9, 1917.
Hon. "W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Sir : — I have the honor to hand you herewith report of the work done
in the North Carolina Seed Laboratory during the past year, and beg
to recommend it for publication as the September Bulletin of the
Department of Agriculture.

Respectfully submitted,

James L. Burgess,
In Charge Seed Laboratory.
Approved for Publication :
W. A. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

GENERAL REMARKS

The following tables show in detail the work done by the ISTorth
Carolina Seed Laboratory beginning July 15, 1916, and ending July
15, 1917. It will be noted that there were 1,015 samples of agricultural
seeds sent in by the farmers and the regularly appointed seed inspectors.
There were 667 samples of vegetable seeds received and tested. There
were also 123,824 cubic centimeters of tobacco seed recleaned for the
tobacco fai'mers of the State.

Table 'No. 4 shows the results of tests of 29 kinds of agrieuliural seeds,
686 samples in all, collected by the inspectors from July 15, 1916, to
July 15, 1917.

Table No. 5 shows the summary of the results of tests of 35 kinds of
agricultural seeds, 1,015 samples in all, submitted by inspectors and
individuals during the year.

Table Xo. 6 will show how the germination of the various kinds of
vegetable seeds ran the past season. There were 24 kinds of vegetable
seeds germinated, 667 samples in all.

During the year there were nine cases of adulteration found in the
686 samples of agricultural seeds collected by inspectors. No case is
reported where the adulterant was not present to the amount of five
jier cent.

The last Legislature enacted a new seed laAv for ISTorth Carolina in
A\hicli great stress is laid on the necessity for the farmer to demand
only good, clean, pure seed for seeding purposes. Copies of this law
may be secured on application to the Commissioner of Agriculture.

I

The Bulletin

TABLE No. ].

Agricultural Seeds Sent to the Seed Laboratory by the Lnspectors and Farmers.

Name

Alfalfa.
Barley.

Beans, Soja

Beans, Velvet

Blue Grass, Kentucky.
Buckwheat, Japanese..

Clover, Alsike

Clover, Burr

Clover, Crimson

Clover, Red

Clover, Sweet

Clover, White

Corn, Field

Cotton

Cowpeas

Fescue, Meadow

Fescue, Sheep

Grass, Crested Dog's-tail.

Grass, Italian Rye

Grass, Orchard

Grass, Sudan..

Grass, Tall Oat

Millet, German

Millet, Pearl

Oats.

Paspalum

Peas, Canada Field.

Peanuts

Rape

Redtop

Rye

Timothy

Vetch, Hairy

Vetch, Spring

Wheat

Totals.

Total of all agricultural seeds-

Inspectors'
Samples

11
1
0
1

42
1
8
2

36

109

4

2

42

0

0

4

0

0

5

53

4

10

17

6

150

0

1

0

52

31

30

47

12

3

2

686

Samples

from

Individuals

23
0
6
0
3
0
5
2

52

35
8
4

56
1

26
1
1
1
1
4
0
2

0
0

36

1

0

1

3

12

27

11

5

0

2

329

1,015

The BuLLETiisr

TABLE II.

Total Number of Samples op Vegetable Seeds Received.

Wholesale Dealer

1916

1917

American Seed Co., Detroit, Mich

American Seedtape Co., New York, N. Y...

W. W. Barnard Co., Chicago, 111

J. Bolgiano & Son, Baltimore, Md

F. W. Bolgiano & Co., Washington, D.C...

Robert Buist Co., Philadelphia, Pa

William D. Burt, Dalton, N. Y

Everett B. Clark Seed Co., Milford, Conn..

Crosman Bros. Co., Rochester, N. Y

Diggs & Beadles, Richmond, Va

D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich

W. G. Grandy, Elizabeth City, N. C ...

Griffith & Turner, Baltimore, Md

Hall Seed Co., Louisville, Ky

Kirby Seed Co., Gaffney, S. C.

Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, N. Y

D. Landreth Seed Co., Bristol, Pa

Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111 —

Jerome B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge. N. "V

Scott Seed Co., Greensboro, N. C.i

Slate Seed Co., South Boston, Va

George Tait & Sons, Inc., Norfolk, Va

H. Van Buskirk, Rocky Ford, Col...

Williams Seed Co., Norfolk, Va

Wood, Stubbs & Co., Louis^alle, Ky

T. W. Wood & Sons, Richmond, Va

Dealer not given

Totals

26

21

0

4

3

12

0

1

0

1

40

44

0

4

3

8

27

84

7

10

23

169

0

1

3

6

0

1

0

1

23

14

30

55

31

29

36

42

0

5

13

14

0

6

0

1

0

2

30

48

46

79

23

5

364

667

The Bulleti:;*

TABLE III.
Tobacco Seed Cleaned for the Farmers of the State.

Laboratory
Number

6018
5590
6001
5526
6031
5591
5563
6015
5573

5528

5514

6020

5537

5523

5550

5515

5597

6028

6029

6039

5559

5560

5561

5556

5567

5536

5587

5577

5578

6005

6038

5502

6012

5525

5547

6027

6007

5557

5546

5500

6009

5594

5569

c570

5506

5535

6034

5586

5585

5516

5527

5530

5531

Name and Address of Sender

J. W. Albertson, Kenansville, N. C

John Aldridge, Haw River, N. C

Roy Alley, Sandy Ridge, N. C

J. A. Anderson, Oxford, N. C

J. H. Arnold, R. 3, Neuse, N. C

T. H. Aycock, Elberon, N. C...

R. A. Bailey, Robersonville, N. C -.

H. L. Baird, R. 2, Willow Springs, N. C...

J. W. Barnes, R. 3, Kenly, N. C

G. M. Beavers, R. 1, Apex, N. C

T. B. Bennett, R. 3, Stantonsburg, N. C.

W. R. Blalock, Roxboro, N. C

B. F. Blanchard, R. 3, Burlington, N. C.

R. C. Broadwell, Apex, N. C

J. H. Brown, Sandy Ridge, N. C. --

W. L. Brown, Sandy Ridge, X. C

J. O. Burge, Pinnacle, N. C

G. M. Carter, R. 3, Zebulon, N. C

O. B. Cash, Wendell, N. C

J. D. Cash, R. 1, Wendell, N. C.

W. F. Castlebury, Apex, N. C

J. G. Castlebury, R. 1, Morrisville, N. C.
J. G. Castlebury, R. 1, Morrisville, N. C.
J. G. Castlebury, R. 1, Morrisv-ille, N. C.

J. Q. Chandler, Fitch, N. C

J. W. Chandler, Ruffin, N. C

E. D. Chilton, Pilot Mountain, X. C

R. M. Clark, Reidsville, X. C

J. E. Clark, Jr., Washington, N. C

J. E. Clark, Jr., Washington, X. C -

G. A. Clayton, R. 1, Wakefield, X. C.....

G. A. Clayton, R. 1, Wakefield, N. C

G. C. Colclough, R. 7, Raleigh, N. C

F. L. Coley, R. 3, Stantonsburg, N. C...

Scott H. Cox, Mount Airy, N. C --.

S. H. Crocker, Stantonsburg, N. C.

A. P. Daniel, Hurdle Mills, N. C---

J. A. Davis, Warsaw, X. C

J. M. Davis, Boonville, N. C --

James Ease, R. 3, Pilot Moimtain, N. C.

J, E. Ferguson, R. 7, Raleigh, X. C -

E. T. Ferrell, Raleigh, X. C

J. W. Finch, R. 3, Henderson, N. C

E. L. Fleming, Middleburg, N. C

E. L. Fleming, Middleburg, X. C

W. W. Garrett, R. 1, Durham, N. C -

W. I. Circen, R. 2, Zebulon, X. C

S. S. Hall, R. 1, Wendell, X. C

J. W. Hampton, Clemmons, X. C

G. E. Harris, Roxboro, X. C

W. T. Hawkins, Hurdle Mills, N. C

J. I. Hawkins, Hurdle Mills, X. C

W. C. Hawkins, Hurdle Mills, N. C

O. C. Hawkins, Hurdle Mills, X. C

Amount of
Recleaned

Seed
Returned—

Cubic
Centimeters

160

260

220

220
60

260

665
65

150

100

420

220

130

130

160

101
90
50

160

170
95
25

265
85
55

270
40
50
85

525

40

50

130

250

40

285

75

110

130

35

125

100

290

210

190

275

170

260

55

21,435

260

50

95

80

The BuLLETiisr

TABLE III— Continued.

Laboratory
Number

Name and Address of Sender

Aiii.iuui ul
Uocleaned

Seed
Returned —

Cubic
Centimeters

5534
5575
6011
5551
5552
5568
5579
5520
5545
5538
5539
5548
6040
5574
5589
5512
6000
5522
5525
5542
5595
6042
6023
5581
6003
5524
6027
6022
5517
5521
6025
5518
5519
5572
5510
5511
5584
5503
5582
5532
6032
5549
6004
5566
5504
5505
6035
5565
6010
5533
5588
5541
5513
6041
604J

D. S. Hawkins, Hunlk- Mills, N. C

H. T. Highfell, Mayodan, N. C

O. R. Hinton, Pelham, N. C

T. A. Hobson, R. 3, Yadkinville, N. C...

J. H. Hobson, Yadkinville, N. C

Johnny E. HoUoway, Henderson, N. C
D. R. Hopkins, Brown Svimmit, N. C...

J. R. Inman, Westfield, N. C...

W. L. Inman, Westfield, N. C

L. L. Jacob, Marshall, N. C

L. L. Jacob, Marshall, N. C

J. L. Jackson, Mount Airy, N. C

J. L. Jackson, Wake Forest, N. C

W. C. Jackson, Wake Forest, N. C

Gattis James, R. 5, Burlington, N. C

S. D. Jenkins, Robersonville, N. C

S. D. Jenkins, Robersonville, N. C

C. D. Jenkins, Robersonville, N. C

Joel Johnson, R. 3, Chapel Hill, N. C...

F. D. Jones, R. 1, Kernersville, N. C

John R. Jones, R. 1, Moriah, N. C

Alex. Jones, Zebulon, N. C

W. C. Key, R. 4, Mount Airy, N. C

C. L. Lasater, R. 4, Apex, N. C __

Riley Lawson, R. 4, Mount .'\iry, N. C...

R. C. Long, Hurdle Mills, N. C

W. J. Loyd, Wendell, N. C

W. A. Maddry, Hurdle Mills, N. C

T. S. Malloy, Reidsville, N. C

T. S. Malloy, Reidsville, N. C

A. C. Martin, R. 2, Wendell, N. C

Andrew Martin, R. 1, Brim, N. C

T. M. Martin, Sandy Ridge, N. C

J. H. Massey, R. 1, Wakefield, N. C

J. E. Matthews, Pilot Mountain, N. C...
J. C. Matthews, Pilot Mountain, N. C...
C. W. MaxTV'ell, Brown Summit, N. C —
W. H. Maynard, R. 6, Durham, N. C...

P. M. Mills, R. 4, Apex, N. C

Monroe Mitchell, Hurdle Mills, N. C.....

Ira Moore, Stokes, N. C

S. E. Murray, Zebulon, N. C

S. E. Murray, Zebulon, N. C...

J. E. McCargo, Reidsville, N. C

J. G. Oakley, R. 7, Raleigh, N. C

J. G. Oakley, R. 7, Raleigh, N. C

Henry Pearce, Wendell, N. C

Alfred Plummer, Middleburg, N. C

M. G. Pulley, Wake Forest, N. C

Charlie Ricks, R. 3, Kenly, N. C

W. E. Royal, Yadkin\-ille, N. C

R. H. Russell, R. 5, Roxboro, N. C

C. G. Satterwhite, R. 5, Oxford, N. C...

S. F. Shelton, R. 3, Brim, N. C

S. F. Shelton, R. 3, Brim, N. C.

120

l.iO

545

60

165

290

80

60

55

200

90

100

200

120

80

230

70

270

85

40

70

240

30

505

115

180

120

150

245

420

60

190

190

50

40

30

30

80

280

100

.1.30

40

60

120

65

75

120

130

45

240

240

80

120

65

65

8

The Bulletin

TABLE III— Continued.

Laboratory
Number

5562
5576
5596
5571
5554
6026
6013
5599
5553
6014
5544
5507
5543
6024
5501
5508
6036
5592
5593
6019
6033
5540
6008
6043
8002
5598
5564
5558
6016
6017
5555
5580
5583
6030
6021

Name and Address of Sender

Skinner & Patton, Smithfield, N. C

Skinner & Patton, Smithfield, N. C

Thomas H. Smathers, Reidsville, N. C

H. H. Smith, R. 1, Garner, N. C

J. W. Smithwick, Manson, N. C

A. S. Speer, Boonville, N. C

A. S. Speer, Boonville, N. C

J. P. Sugg, Tarboro, N. C

H. M. Talley, Cardenas, N. C

W. O. Tanner, Noilina, N. C

G. I. Taylor, Bethel, N. C

H. E. Taylor, R. 2, Mount Airy, N. C

T. Jones Taylor, Bethel, N. C

O. K. Taylor, Whitakers, N. C

Revis Tilley, Bahama, N. C

P. W. Tilley, Bahama, N. C

H. Vnderhill, Wendell, N. C

Robert Walters, Cardenas, N. C

Robert Walters, Cardenas, N. C

W; C. Warren, Burlington, N. C,

Alex. Warren, Haw River, N. C

J. C. Washington, Stem, N. C

W. A. Watkins, Altamahaw, N. C

A. W. Watkins, Wake Forest, N. C

H. H. Weathers, R. 2, Wendell, N. C

William J. Whitfield, R. 3, Hurdle Mills, N. C

T. F. Wiggins, Middleburg, N. C

S. T. Wilder, Louisburg, N. C

M. C. Wilder, R. 2, Louisburg, N. C..-_

J. B. Wilder, Louisburg, N. C

E. H. Wilson, Willow Springs, N. C

A. J. Wilson, Apex, N. C ---

W. J. Wilson, Apex, N. C

C. L. Wrenn, Garner, N. C .

S. L. Ziglar, Sandy Ridge, N. C...

Total

Amount of
Recleaned

Seed
Returned —

Cubic
Centimeters

13,
58,

260

420

215

480

200

65

90

50

525

150

200

40

2.50

105

780

523

35

50

80

100

80

680

50

490

665

180

555

190

200

200

325

85

80

610

100

123.824

The Bulletin

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TABLE VII.

Showing Number and Average Per Cent of Germination of Vegetable Seed Samples
Tested, According to Wholesale Dealers.

Wholesale Dealer

American Seed Co., Detroit, Mich

American Seedtape Co., New York, N. Y —

W. W. Barnard Co., Chicago, 111 ..-

J. Bolgiano & Son, Baltimore, Md

F. W. Bolgiano & Co., Washington, D. C...

Robert Buist Co., Philadelphia, Pa

William D. Burt, Dalton, N. Y

Everett B. Clark Seed Co., Milford, Conn...

Crosman Bros. Co., Rochester, N. Y

Diggs & Beadles, Richmond, Va

D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich

W. G. Grandy, Elizabeth City, N. C

Griffith & Turner, Baltimore, Md

Hall Seed Co., Louisville, Kj-

Kirby Seed Co., Gaffney, S. C

Lake Shore Seed Co., Dunkirk, N. Y

D. Landreth Seed Co., Bristol, Pa

Leonard Seed Co., Chicago, 111

Jerome B. Rice Seed Co., Cambridge, N. Y.

Scott Seed Co., Gieensboro, N. C

Slate Seed Co., South Boston, Va

George Tait & Sons, Inc., Norfolk, Va

H. Van Biiskirk, Rocky Ford, Colo

Williams Seed Co., Norfolk, Va

Wood, Stubbs & Co., Louisville, Ky

T. W. Wood & Sons, Richmond, Va

Dealer not given . .

Number of

Samples

Tested

21

4

12

1

1

44

4

8

84

10

169

1

6

1

1

14

55

29

42

5

14

6

1

2

48

79

Average
Per Cent of
Germination

71.97
80.25
77.54
97.00
82.50
80.02
66.87
73.00
61.06
80.80
76.26
98.50
67.66
95.50
77.00
36.96
73 .95
73.15
78.77
80.80
83.17
91.25
96.50
94.50
89.97
77.82
71.20

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THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIOH

Vol. 38, No. 10 OCTOBER, 1917 Whole No. 237

-) FALL SEASON, 1916
\. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS >

j SPRING SEASON, 1917

II. ANALYSES OF COTTON-SEED MEAL

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Edwaeds & Broughton Printing Co.
State Printers

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, tx officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham Belhaven First District.

C. VV. Mitchell Aulander Second District.

R. L. VVoodard Pamlico Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh Fourth District.

R. VV. Scott Haw River Fifth District.

A. T. McCallum Red Springs Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

H. Q. Alexander Matthews Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICEKS AND STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM Commissioner.

K. W. BARNES Secretary and Purchai^ing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn.. Bulletin Clerk.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL. Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood.. Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson.. Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewae Assistant Chemist.

D. M. McCartt. .Assistant Chemist.

B. T. HoRSFiELD - Assistant Chemist.

J. F. Hatch Fertilizer Clerk.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. Brimlet Curator of Museum.

T. W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

R. W. Leibt Assistant Entomologist.

J. E. Eckert. - Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

L. C. SAMS Specialist in Beekeeping.

O. H. GRAHAM Veterinarian.

W. M. Moore Assistant Veterinarian.

C. C. Watts Assistant Veterinaiian.

W. N. HUTT - Horticulturist.

C. D. Matthews Assistant Hortirulturist.

T. B. PARKER Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

E. W. Thornton ..Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. E. Bell Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

Leland B. Rhodes Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. B. WILLIAMS Chief, Division of Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate Agronomist in Soils.

R. Y. Winters. Plant Breeding.

•W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L. L. Brinklet Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS ...- ...Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Rademacher Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

R. S. Curtis Associate in Animal Industry.

W. H. Eaton Dairy Experimenter.

IAlvin J. Reed ...Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combes Assistant in Dairy Farming.

tJ. A. Arey Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. R. Farnham Assistant in Dairy Farming.

F. T. Peden... Beef Cattle.

Earl Hostetler ..Assistant in Beef Cattle and Swine.

tJ. E. Moses Pig Clubs.

tA. G. Oliver Poultry Clubs.

JE. H. Mathewson Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

tT. E. Browne State .\gent in Charge of Roys' Clubs.

tA. K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs.

}Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon State Agent in Charge Girls' Club.

Mrs. J. H. Henly .Assistant in Home Economics.

C. E. Clark, Assistant Director Edgecombe Branch Station, Rocky Mount, N. C

F. T. Meacham, Assistant Director Iredell Branch Station, Statesville, N. C.

R. G. Hill, Assistant Director Pender Branch Station, Willard, N. C.

S. C. Clapp, Assistant Director Rimcomhp Branch Station, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G Moss, Assistant Director Granville Branch Station, Oxford, N. C.

H. BocKKB, Assistant Director Blackland Branch Station, Wenona, N. C.

•A-ssigned by the Bureau of Soils. United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin codperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hon W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Sir : — I submit herewith analyses of fertilizers made in the laboratory
of samples collected during the past fall and spring. These analyses
show fertilizers and meals to be about as heretofore, and to be, generally,
what was claimed for them. I recommend that it be issued as the Octo-
ber Bulletin. Very respectfully,

B. W. KiLGORE,

Approved for printing: State Chemist.

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner.

ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS
FALL SEASON, 1916; SPRING SEASON, 1917

By B. W. Kilgore,
W. G. Haywood, J. Q. Jackson, E. S. Dewar, T. G. Hill, and B. B. Brandt.

The analyses presented in this Bulletin are of samples collected by
the fertilizer inspectors of the Department, under the direction of the
Commissioner of Agriculture, during fall iuonths of 1916 and the spring
months of 1917. They should receive the careful study of every farmer
in the State who uses fertilizers, as by comparing the analyses in the
Bulletin with the claims made for the fertilizers actually used, the
farmer can know by or before the time fertilizers are put in the ground
whether or not they contain the fertilizing constituents in the amounts
they were claimed to be present.

TERMS USED IN ANALYSES

Water-soluhle Phosphoric Acid. — Phosphate Eock, as dug from the
mines, mainly in South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee, is the chief
source of phosphoric acid in fertilizers.

In its raw, or natural, state the phosphate has three parts of lime
united to the phosphoric acid (called by chemists tricalcium phosphate).
This is very insoluble in water and is not in condition to be taken up
readily by plants. In order to render it soluble in water and fit for
plant food, the rock is finely ground and treated with sulphuric acid,
which acts upon it in such a way as to take from the three-lime phos-
phate two parts of its lime, thus leaving only one part of the lime united
to the phosphoric acid This one-lime phosphate is what is known as
water-soluble phosphoric acid.

Reverted Phosphoric Acid. — On long standing some of this water-
soluble phosphoric acid has a tendency to take lime from other substances
in contact with it, and to become somewhat less soluble. This latter is
known as reverted or gone-back phosphoric acid. This is thought to
contain two parts of lime in combination with the phosphoric acid, and is
thus an intermediate product between water-soluble and the original rock.

"Water-soluble phosphoric acid is considered somewhat more valuable
than reverted, because it becomes better distributed in the soil as a con-
sequence of its solubility in water.

Available Phosphoric Acid is made up of the water-soluble and re-
verted; it is the sum of these two.

6 The Bulletin

Water-soluble Ammonia. — The main materials furnishing ammonia in
fertilizers are nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, cotton-seed meal,
dried blood, tankage, and fish scrap. The first two of these (nitrate of
soda and sulphate of ammonia) are easily soluble in water and become
well distributed in the soil where plant roots can get at them. They are,
especially the nitrate of soda, ready to be taken up by plants, and are
therefore quick-acting forms of ammonia. It is mainly the ammonia
from nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia that will be designated
under the heading of water-soluble ammonia.

Organic Ammonia. — The ammonia in cotton-seed meal, dried blood,
tankage, fish scrap, and so on, is included under this heading. These
materials are insoluble in water, and before they can feed plants they
must decay and have their ammonia changed, by the aid of the bacteria
of the soil, to nitrates, similar to nitrate of soda.

They are valuable then as plant food in proportion to their content
of ammonia, and the rapidity with which they decay in the soil, or
rather the rate of decay will determine the quickness of their action as
fertilizers. With short season, quickgrowing crops, quickness of action
is an important consideration, but with crops occupying the land during
the greater portion, or all, of the growing season, it is better to have a
fertilizer that will become available more slowly, so as to feed the plant
till maturity. Cotton-seed meal and dried blood decompense fairly rap-
idly, but will last the greater portion, if not all, of the growing season
in this State. While cotton seed and tankage will last longer than meal
and blood, none of these act so quickly, or give out so soon, as nitrate of
soda and sulphate of ammonia.

Total Ammonia is made up of the water-soluble and organic ; it is the
sum of these two.

The farmer should suit, as far as possible, the kind of ammonia to
his different crops, and a study of the forms of ammonia as given in the
tables of analyses will help him to do this.

AVAILABILITY OF NITROGEN

During the past few years the increasing cost and the extensive use
for other purposes of the standard high-grade ammoniates have caused
the appearance upon the market of many new nitrogenous materials
which are being used as sources of nitrogen in commercial fertilizers.
These materials are, to a large extent, trade-waste products, in them-
selves not permissible as sources of nitrogen, but which after treatment
in various ways develop a considerable degree of availability, and in
many cases the nitrogen contained therein becomes very largely water-
soluble.

On account of the extensive use of these new ammoniates this depart-
ment is now making in its laboratory by chemical methods determina-

The Bulletin 7

tions of the availability of the water-insoluble organic nitrogen iu the
samples of fertilizers taken for analysis. In this way we are largely able
to differentiate between the good and the bad ammoniates and to distin-
guish those forms which are readily available from those more diffi-
cultly so.

VALUATIONS

To have a basis for comparing the values of different fertilizer ma-
terials and fertilizers, it is necessary to assign prices to the three vahi-
able constituents of fertilizers — ammonia, phosphoric acid, and potash.
These figures, expressing relative value per ton, are not intended to rep-
resent crop-producing power, or agricultural value, but are estimates of
the commercial value of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash in the ma-
terials supplying them. These values are only approximate, as the cost
of fertilizing materials is liable to change, as other commerical pro-
ducts are, but they are believed to fairly represent the cost of making
and putting fertilizers on the market. They are based on a careful exam-
ination of trade conditions, wholesale and retail, and upon quotations of
manufacture. ,

Relative value per ton, or the figures showing this, represent the prices
on board the cars at the factory, in retail lots of five tons or less, for
cash.

To make a complete fertilizer the factories have to mix together in
proper proportions materials containing ammonia, phosphoric acid, and
potash. This costs something. For this reason it is thought well to
have two sets of valuations — one for the raw or unmixed materials, such
as acid phosphate, kainit, cotton-seed meal, etc., and one for mixed
fertilizers.

Valuations for 1917

hi Unmixed or Raw Materials

For phosphoric acid in acid phosphate 4i/^ cents per pound

For phosphoric acid in bone meal and Peruvian Guano 4 cents per pound
For nitrogen 20 cents per pound

In Mixed Fertilizers

For phosphoric acid 5 cents per pound

For nitrogen 21 cents per pound

For potash 25 cents per pound

HOW RELATIVE VALUE IS CALCULATED

In the calculation of relative value it is only necessary to remember
that so many per cent means the same number of pounds per hundred,
and that there are twenty hundred pounds in one ton (2,000 pounds).

8 The Bulletin

With an 8-2-1.65 goods, which means that the fertilizer contains avail-
able phosphoric acid 8 per cent, potash 2 per cent, and nitrogen 1.65 per

cent, the calculation is made as follows :

Value ver Value per Ton,

Percentage or Lbs. in 100 Lbs. 100 Lbs. 2,000 Lbs.

8 pounds available phosphoric acid at 5 cents 0.40 X20 $ 8.00

1.65 pounds nitrogen at 21 cents 0.3465X20 6.93

2 pounds potash at 25 cents 0.50 X20 10.00

Total value 1.2465X20 $ 24.93

Freight and merchant's commission must be added to these prices.

The Bulletin

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6

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Pt,

80

The Bulletin

II. ANALYSES COTTON SEED MEAL.

Name and Address of Manufactiirer

Where Sampled X

g5§

& a

Empire Cotton Oil Co., Atlanta, Ga... .-.

Poe Cottou-seed Products Co., Memphis, Tenn...

Southern Cotton Oil Co., Albany, Ala

Lenoir Oil and Ice Co., Kinston, N. C -.-

Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Elizabeth City, N. C

Planters Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co., Rocky

Mount, N. C.
American Milling Co., Asheville, N. C-

_do-

Armour Fertilizer Works, Wilmington, N. C.
....do

Atlanta Cotton Oil Co., Atlanta, Ga

Bertie Cotton Oil Co., Aulander, N. C

Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C.

....do

....do

do

...-do

....do

do Cincinnati, Ohio.

....do

....do.

....do

do Macon, Ga

....do.

Chowan Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co., Edenton,

N. C.
Cotton Oil and Ginning Co., Scotland Neck, N. C,

Covington Oil Co., Covington, Ga

Eastern Cotton Oil Co., Hertford, N. C

...do

Elberton Oil Mills, Elberton, Ga

....do... --

Empire Cotton Oil Co., Atlanta, Ga

Farmers Cotton Oil Co., Wilson, N. C

...do

....do._

....do

....do .-.

Farmville Oil and Fertilizer Co., Farmville, N. C

Asheville

Biltmore

Asheville

Trenton

Elizabeth City

Whitakers

Sylva

Woodfin Siding-...

White Oak

Lena

Murphy

Rich Square

Hamlet

Lumberton

Clifton

Liberty...

Fayetteville

Hunters ville

Charlotte..

Murphy

Murphy

Pineville.

Murphy

Murphy

Edenton

Scotland Neck

Bryson City

Roper

Scotland Neck

Franklin

Varina

Whittier

Kenly

Daisy Siding

Pikeville

Tillcry .

Smithfield

Farmville

3.29
3.29
4.11
4.93
5.35
5.35
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.78
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76

4.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
6.50
6.50
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00

3.12
3.50
5.96
5.06
5.07
5.30
5.68
5.76
5.58
5.20
5.18
5.88
5.66
4.78
5.74
5.84
5.58
5.74
5.62
5.34
5.84
S.68
5.30
5.58
5.62
5.26
5.64
5.48
4.98
5.52
5.96
5.66
5.02
5.24
5.02
5.46
5.08
5.22

The Bulletin

II. ANALYSES COTTON SEED MEAL. '

81

-J

Name and Address of Manufacturer

Farmville Oil and Fertilizer Co., Farmville, N. C.

Home Oil Mill, New Decatur, Ala...

....do

....do

....do

Kershaw Oil Mill, Kershaw, S. C

....do

Lancaster Cotton Oil Co., Lancaster, S. C

....do

Laura & Brothers, Nashville, Tenn

Lee County Cotton Oil Co., Sanford, N. C

Lenoir Oil and Ice Co., Kinston, N. C

.-..do

....do - 1

....do

....do

New Bern Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Mills, New

Bern. N. C.
....do

-...do

—.do.

....do

.-..do

....do

Pine Level Oil Mill, Pine Level, N. C...

....do

Raleigh Cotton Oil Co., Raleigh, N. C. .

....do

....do..

....do

..-.do

....do

....do

....do

....do

....do

....do

....do..

....do

Where Sampled

Farmville...

Canton

Waynesville.

■e o

; 5 ? o o aj ti-a

Civ- g

OiZC W ■<

5.76
5.76
5.76

Hazelwood ..| 5.76

Asheville

Kernersville

Waynesville

Fort Mill, S. C...
Henderson ville. . .
Henderson ville...

Greensboro

Goldsboro

Trenton

Kinston

Kinston

Kinston

Trenton

Trenton

Trenton

Cove City

Grifton

Trenton

Cove City

Goldsboro.

Smithfield '' 5.76

Raleigh I 5.76

Youngsville 5.76

Goldsboro... 5.76

Goldsboro... 5.76

Greensboro 5.76

Raleigh | 5.76

Raleigh [ 5.76

Raleigh ..I 5.76

Garner ' 5.76

Trenton 5.76

Trenton 5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

Trenton.
Garner..

S.76
5.76

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

OiZfi-

5.66
5.46
5.36
5.68
5.74
5.42
5.84
5.96
5.96
5.86
4.80
5.00
5.28
4.98
5.02

i

5.00

5.48

5.64

4.98

5.30

5.64

5.72

5.28

5.34

5.36

5.64

4.92

5.28

5.54

5.40

5.44

5.34

5.14

5.74

5.30

5.66

5.82

4.82

t2°
•5 S

a a

W <

8.88

6.64

6.52

6.91

6.98

6.59

7.10

7.25

7.25

7.12

5.84

6.08

6.42

6.05

6.10

6.08

6.66

6.86

6.05

6.44

6.88

6.95

6.42

6.49

6.52

6.86

5.98

6.42

6.74

6.57

6.61

6.49

6.25

6.98

6.44

6.88

7.08

5.86

82

The Bulletin

♦ II. ANALYSES COTTON SEED MEAL.

c 8

1427
1166
1276
1263
1148
1203
1164
10
1201
1406
1386
997
1184
1145
1173
1267
1100
1099
1019
1039
1038
1037
1324
1325
1326
1217
1228
1225
1293
1294
1445
1446
1481
1480
1469
1426
1444
1186

Name and Address of Manufacturer

Robeson Manufacturing Co., Lumberton, N. C.

....do

....do

...do

....do -.-

Where Sampled

d O rt
<D 61' S

PhP50

Scott Brokerage and Commission Co., Charlotte,

N. C.
....do

...do.

Southern Cotton Oil Co., Albany, Ala

do Augusta, Ga

do Conetoe, N. C..-.

do. Charlotte, N. C.

....do

....do --

.do-

.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.

.Decatur, Ala

.Fayetteville, N. C.

.do.

.do.

..do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do.,
.-do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.

Hope Mills

Hope Mills

Hope Mills

Lumberton

Hope Mills

Willets

Wake Forest

Hillsboro

Sylva -.

Polkton

Randolph Siding.

Wadesboro

Red Springs

Lilesville

Morven

Black Mountain..

F ayettevil le

Fayetteville

Rex...

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Vander

rayette\'ille

Fayetteville

Clifton

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Lumber Bridge

Fayetteville

Roseboro

Fayetteville

Vander

Fayetteville

5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76

g .2
log

S- a

7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
j 7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00

5.98
5.54
5.44
6.00
5.54
5.88
5.40
5.86
5.72
6.92
4.90
5.66
5.66
5.48
5.48
5.82
5.22
5.54
5.80
5.10
5.22
5.14
5.16
5.46
5.44
5.12
5.12
5.74
5.76
5.14
5.22
5.30
5.30
5.20
5.64
5.26
5.22
5.58

The Bulletin

83

11. ANALYSES COTTON SEED MEAL.

993
1166
1167
1168
1176
1175
1349
1211
1290
1291
1097
1153
1103
1404
1477
1348
1202
1157
128(.
1423
1425
1266
1408
1409
11
1231
1213
1345
1338
1233
1208
1154
1347
1385
1232
1104
1473
1182

Name and Address of Manufacturer

Southern Cotton Oil Co., Fayetteville, N. C.

....do -

....do -

....do

.do.

..do.

....do - ...Goldsboro, N. C,

....do.
....do.

....do.

.do.. Rocky Mount, N. C.

.do Selma, N. C.

.do. ...Shelby, N. C

....do.

.do ..Spartanburg, S. C.

....do.
.-..do.

.do - Tarboro, N. C.

.do - Wilson, N. C...

.do.

.do.

Swift & Co., Columbia, S. C

....do --

....do -

Taylcr Commission Co., Atlanta, Ga.

....do

....do —

....do

.do.

Where Sampled

T3 U.

-as
a o a
O bl) S

'^2 5

'g .2

§• s
.w <

O c 2

S a

w <

.do.

Trent Cotton Oil Co., PoUocksville, N. C

Union Seed and Fertilizer Co., Atlanta, Ga

....do -. ---

do... Raleigh, N. C

....do

do — - Wilmington, N. C,

....do -

....do -

Vander

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Fayettevi He

Trenton

Garner

Trenton

Trenton

Rocky Mount

Smithfield

Cleveland Mills...

Shelby

Asheville

Dillsboro

Dillsboro

Kelford

Daisy Siding

Lucama

Lucama

Black Mountain.

Siler City

Tryon

Bryson

Lilesville

Willow Springs

Goldsboro

Andrews

Cove City

I PoUocksville

Red Springs

Elkin

Randolph Siding-
Durham

Scotland Neck

Scotland Neck

Manchester

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.78

5.78

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.78

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.78

5.78

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.78

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

576

5.76

5.76

5.76

5.76

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

5.12

5.26

5.14

5.36

5.32

4.94

5.70

5.38

5.50

5.68

5.60

5.62

5.16

5.55

5.32

5.60

5.50

5.30

5.46

5.08

5.36

5.70

7.8b

5.84

5.80

5.28

5.88

5.36

5.92

5.48

5.78

5.70

5.74

5.48

5.42

5.42

5.52

5.56

6.22

6.40

6.25

6.52

6.47

6.01

6.93

6.54

6.69

6.91

6.81

6.83

8.27

6.76

6.47

8.81

6.69

6.44

6.64

8.18

6.52

6.93

7.12

7.10

7.05

6.42

6.91

6.52

7.20

6.66

7.03

6.93

8.98

6.66

6.59

6.59

6.71

6.76

84

The Bulletin

II. ANALYSES COTTON SEED MEAL.

I

Name and Address of Manufacturer

Union Feed and Fertilizer Co., Wilmington, N. C.

...-do

....do... - -

...-do -

Willmont Gil Mills, Pelzer, S. C

Wilson Cotton Oil Co., Wilson, N. C

...-do -

Woodard & Whitley. Whitakers, N. C

Bladen Manufacturing Co., Bladenboro, N. C...

...-do -

....do- -

....do-— -— ---

....do

Brodie, F. W., & Co., Memphis, Tenn

....do

....do - -

....do -.- -

....do

....do

....do

...-do - ---

....do -

....do --

....do - -.-

....do -

....do

Buckeye Cctton Oil Co., Charlotte, N. C

....do- — -

Chowan Cotton Oil and Fertilizer Co., Edenton,

N. C.
...-do

....do

Clayton Oil Mill, Clayton, N. C

....do

....do -

Commission Company, Atlanta, Ga -

Campobello Oil Co., Campobello, S. C

Consumers Cotton Oil Co., Tarboro, N. C

....do

Where Sampled

■dl

"^ 6t S

Fayetteville

Fletchers

Fayetteville

Fayetteville

Biltmore

Smithfield

Clayton

Walstonburg

Richardson. -.

Clarkton

Richardson

Richardson

Tar Heel

Scotland Neck

Fayetteville

Clifton

Durant

Fayetteville

Louisburg

Williamston

Williamston

Williamston

Battleboro

Benson

Goldsboro

Four Oaks

Fayetteville.

St. Paul

Williamston

Williamston

Williamston

Garner

Garner

Varina

Franklin

Asheville

Williamston

Williamston

<u .s « a

-3 ^ *-■ -.

<iii

5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17

7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50

5.40
5.84
5.68
5.34
5.58
4.96
5.08
5.18
6.96
5.90
5.68
5.94
5.72
6.02
6.28
5.98
6.34
5.98
6.46
6.04
6.20
6.12
6.16
5.98
5.84
6.12
5.64
6.32
5.24
5.74
6.26
5.50
5.44
5.34
5.86
5.60
5.88
5.46

■?og

a a

W <

6.57
7.10
6.91
6.49
6.78
6.03
6.18
6.30
7.25
7.17
6.91
7.22
6.95
7.32
7.64
7.27
7.7i
7.27
7.85
7.34
7.54
7.44
7.49
7.27
7.10
7.44
6.86
7.68
6.37
6.98
7.61
6.69
6.61
6.49
7.12
6.81
7.15
6.64

The Bulletin

85

II. ANALYSES COTTON SEED MEAL.

o p

Name and Address of Manufacturer

Where Sampled

Per Cent
Nitrogen
Guaranteed

Equivalent

to
Ammonia

Per Cent
Nitrogen
Found

Equivalent

to
Ammonia

956
955

Consumers Cotton Oil Co., Tarboro, N. C

do

Williamston.

Williamston

Tarboro

6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17

7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50

6.12
5.32
5.70
5.74
3.30
5.70
6.02
0.22
6.12
5.78
6.28
6.44
6.48
5.88
5.92
4.94
5.10
5.84
5.92
5.72
5.88
4.92
4.94
5.84
5.08
5.38
5.84
5.32
5.58
5.52
4.88
5.46
6.40
6.22
6.04
5.40
4.80
5.94

7.44
6.47

1236

do -

6.93

1372

do -

Williamston

Princeton .. .

6.98

104'>

Deans-Moyer & Co., Goldsboro, N.
Dixie Cotton Oil Mill, Little Rock,
Dunn Oil Mills. Dunn, N. C

C.

4.01

1072
1285

Ark

Mount Olive

Scotland Neck

Dunn

6.93
7.32

7

do

7.5b

1169

do

Dunn

7.44

1405

Elba Manufacturing Co., Charlotte
....do

, N. C

Newells .

7.03

1301

Greensboro

Sylva

7.64

14

do

7.83

17

do

Wadesboro

Dunn

7.88

1299

do - Maxton,

do ..

N. C.

7.15

6

Dunn

7.20

1428

Farmers Cotton Oil Co., Wilson, N
do ....

. C.

Lucama

6.01

1421

Lucama--

6.20

1045

do -

Green\alle

7.10

1044

do

Greenville

7.20

1043

. do - -.-

Williamston

Williamston

Williamston

Williamston

Williamston

Wilson

6.95

963

do -.-

7.15

959

do . - -

5.98

958

do

6.01

964

... do - -

7.10

1081

do

6.18

1180

UU

Snow Hill

6.54

1181

do -

Wilson

7.10

3

Clinton

6.47

1

do

Goldsboro.

6.78

1040

Fremont Oil Mill Co., Fremont, N.
do -

C

Mount Olive

Mount Olive

Mount Olive

Williamston —

Nashville

Tryon

Kinston

Trenton

Linden -

6.71

1041

5.93.

951

do -

6.64.

1407

Havens Oil Co., Wilmington, N. C.

Kershaw Oil Mill Co., Kershaw, S.

do -

7.78

988
1400

Tenn

C

7.56
7.34

1024

. C

6.57

1381

5.84

1062

N. C

7.22J

86

The Bulletin

II. ANALYSES COTTON SEED MEAL.

s a

Name and Address of Manufacturer

1063
1061
1021
1022
996
1179
1433
1429
1436
1165
1020
1368
1369
1378
1312
1012
1177
1392
1171
8
998
1000
1197
1300
1299
1298
1321
1328
1275
1274
1229
1163
1036
1150
1066
1060
1067
1068

Lillington Oil Mill Co., Lillington, N. C

....do

....do.. --.- -

....do....

....do

....do -

....do.

....do

....do. -

Louisburg Cotton Oil Co., Louisburg, N. C.

Laurinburg Oil Co., Laurinburg, N. C

Lovitt, L. B., & Co., Memphis, Tenn

.-..do

....do

....do

Memphis Cotton, Hull, and Fibre Co., Memphis,

Tenn.
Morgan Oil and Fertilizer Co., Red Springs, N. C.

Pine Level Oil Mill, Pine Level, N. C

Raleigh Cotton Oil Co., Raleigh, N. C

..-.do

....do

..-.do-

Robeson Manufacturing Co., Lumberton, N. C...
...-do

-do-

-do.
-do.
-do.

Where Sampled

C c c

Linden

Linden

Duke

Duke

Farmville.
Snow Hill.

"? o §

5- S
W <

i--^ 2! S. a

a--- o w a
PL, Z few . <

6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17

...-do - -

.-..do

Royster, F. S., Guano Co., Norfolk, Va

Smith, W. NewtoD, Baltimore, Md...

..:.do

....do

Southern Cotton Oil Co., Faj'etteville, N. C.

...do -

....do

....do

Smithfield. ..i 6.17

Four Oaks. 6.17

Bunn Level 6.17

Franklinton 6.17

Laurinburg 6.17

Williamston 6.17

Williamston 6.17

Williamston 6.17

Williamston 6.17

Mount Olive ..j 6.17

Fayette^-ille ' 6.17

Princeton 6.17

Garner 6.17

Benson 6.17

Raleigh 6.17

Garner 6.17

Lumberton 6.17

St. Paul.... 6.17

St. Paul 6.17

St. Paul 6.17

Tar Heel 6.17

Fayetteville 6.17

Fayetteville 6.17

Fayetteville 6.17

Fayetteville 6.17

Oxford 6.17

Princeton 6.17

Princeton I 6.17

Hope Mills .| 6.17

Parkton ' 6.17

Hope Mills.
Hope Mills.

6.17
6.17

7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50

6.30
6.18
6.08
6.24
5.82
5.92
5.72
5.53
6.10
5.64
5.90
6.30
6.06
5.96
6.22
3.22
5.72
5.46
5.14
5.76
5.18
5.66
6.40
5.92
6.22
6.12
6.10
5.52
5.70
5.78
6.40
3.20
3.20
5.48
6.12
E.82
6.00
6.18

7.66

7.51
7.39
7.59
7.08
7.20
6.95
6.78
7.42
6.86
7.17
7.66
7.37
7.25
7.56
3.91
6.95
6.64
6.25
7.00
6.30
6.88
7.78
7.20
7.53
7.44
7.42
6.71
6.93
7.03
7.78
3.89
3.89
6.66
7.44
7.08
7.29
7.51

The Bulletin

87

II. ANALYSES COTTON SEED MEAL.

Name and Address of Manufacturer

Where Sampled

•a

(U

a (K Q

Q> bO M

S .2
5- S

S .S

■«og

o- a

w <

Southern Cotton Oil Co.. Fayettevillc, N. C.

....do

....do

.do.

....do.
....do.
....do-

....do.
....do.

....do..

....do—-

-...do

....do

....do

....do .._.

do Rocky Mount, N. C...-

do Selma, N. C

....do..

do Wadesboro, N. C

do Wilson, N. C

....do

Taylor Commission Co., Atlanta, Ga

Union Seed and Fertilizer Co., Henderson, N. C.

....do

do.. Memphis, Tenn...

do Raleigh, N. C

do ...Wilmington, N. C

....do

Valley Cotton Oil Co., Memphis, Tenn.

.do.

....do

Zebulon Cotton Oil Co., Zebulon, N. C.

Hope Mills-
Hope Mills.,

Parkton

Fayetteville
Fayette ville
Fayetteville

Lena

Hope Mills.
Hope Mills.,
Hope Mills..

St. Paul

St. Paul

Hope Mills.,
Hope Mills.,
Hope Mills.,

Enfield

Kenly

Smithfield..

Morven

Kenly

Elm City...

Garner

Williamston

Weldon

Smithfield..
Williamston

Warsaw

Clarkton

Williamston
Williamston
Williamston
Elm City...

6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17
6.17

7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7. 50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50

5.94
5.92
5.92
5.74
5.74
5.66
5.98
5.90
5.80
5.78
5.82
6.02
5.94
6.02
5.82
5.42
5.92
5.82
5.38
5.80
5.46
5.64
6.04
5.80
3.30
6.00
5.18
6.02
5.70
6.24
6.06
6.02

7.22
7.20
7.20
6.98
6.98
6.88
7.27
7.17
7.05
7.03
7.08
7.32
7.22
7.32
7.08
6.59
7.20
7.08
6.54
7.05
6.64
6.86
7.34
7.05
4.01
7.29
6.30
7.32
6.93
7.59
7.37
7.32

88 The Bulletin

LEAF TOBACCO REPORT FOR AUGUST, 1917

Pounds sold for producers 21,315,706

Pounds sold for dealers 500,518

Pounds sold for warehouses 841,676

Total 22,657,900

LEAF TOBACCO REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER, 1917

Pounds sold for producers 77,959,884

Pounds sold for dealers 2,779,513

Pounds sold for warehouses 4,067,303

Total 84,806,700

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 11 NOVEMBER, 1917 Whole No. 238

COMMERCIAL FEEDS

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Edwards & Broughton Printing Co.
State Printers

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

F. P. Latham ..Belhaven. First District.

C. \V. Mitchell .Aulander Second District.

R. L. WoODARD Pamlico.. -. ..Third District.

Clarence Poe Raleigh .Fourth District.

R. VV. Scott... Haw River... Fifth District.

A. T. McCalldm Red Springs.. Sixth District.

C. C. Wright Hunting Creek •. Seventh District.

William Bledsoe Gale Eighth District.

H. Q. Alexander Matthews Ninth District.

A. Cannon Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AJO) STAFF

W. A. GRAHAM ...Commissioner.

K. W. BARNES. Secretary and Purchasing Agent.

Miss Sarah D. Jones Bookkeeper.

D. G. Conn.. Bulletin Clerk.

B. W. KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms.

J. M. PiCKEL... Feed Chemist.

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist.

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist.

E. S. Dewar. Assistant Chemist.

D. M. McCartt Assistant Chemist.

B. T. Horsfield Assistant Chemist.

J. F. Hatch - Fertilizer Clerk.

R. W. Collett Assistant Director Test Farms.

H. H. Brimley Curator of Museum.

T W. Adickes Assistant Curator.

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr Entomologist.

R. W. Leibt Assistant Entomologist.

J. E. Eckert Assistant Entomologist in Field Work.

L. C SAMS Specialist in Beekeeping.

O. H. GRAHAM ..Veterinarian.

W. M. Moore Assistant Veterinarian.

C. C. Watts Assistant Veterinarian.

W. N. HUTT-Il - .Horticulturist.

C. D. Matthews Assistant Hortioulturist.

T. B. PARKER ..Director of Farmers' Institutes.

W. M. ALLEN Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

E. W. Thornton Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. E. Bell Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

Leland B. Rhodes Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection.

C. B. WILLIAMS Chief, Division of Agronomy.

J. K. Plummer.. --Soil Chemist.

W. F. Pate - Agronomist in Soils.

R.' Y.' Winters'.^"-'.".' - ..Plant Breeding.

•W. E. Hearn State Soil Agent, Soil Survey.

L.'l. Brinkley Soil Survey.

S. O. Perkins.. Soil Survey.

J. L. BURGESS - Botanist.

Miss S. D. Allen .Assistant to Botanist.

Miss Louise A. Radbmacher Assistant to Botanist.

DAN T. GRAY Chief in Animal Industry.

R. S. Curtis Associate in Animal Industry.

W H Eaton '" Dairy Experimenter.

tALViN J. ReeD-'-'-V.V." ...Dairy Farming.

Stanley Combes Assistant in Dairy Farming.

tJ. A. Arey Assistant in Dairy Farming.

p j;' Farnham Assistant in Dairy Farming.

f! T.' Peden....'.'III""IIII" - — ; - -..--Beef Cattle.

Earl Hostetler ..Assistant in Beef Cattle and Swine.

tJ. E. Moses -V^"-,^'^ S!"^^-

tA. G. Oliver .Poultry Clubs.

JE. H. Mathewson ...Tobacco Investigations.

tC. R. Hudson Farm Demonstration Work.

tT E Browne VV ""["".. I State Agent in Charge of Roys' Cluba.

tA. K. Robertson Assistant in Bnys' Hubs.

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon ..State Agent in Charge Girls Club.

Mrs J H. Henly Assistant in Home Economics.

C. E. Clark, Assistant Director Edgecombe Branch Station, Rocky Mount, N. C

F. T. Meatham, Assistant Director Iredell Branch Station, Statesville, N. C.

R. G. HiiL, Afsistant Director Pender Branch Station, Willard, N. C.

S. C. CiAPP, Assistant Director Buncombe Branch Station, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Branch Station, Oxford, N. C.

H . BorKi B, Assistant Director Blackland Branch Station, Wenona, N. C.

•Assipncd by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hon. W. a. Graham,

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Sir: — I submit herewith manuscript covering the inspection and
analysis of concentrated stock feeds during the past yeajr. I recom-
mend its publication as the I^ovember Bulletin.

Very respectfully,

B. W. KiLGORE,

Approved for printing : State Chemist.

W. A. Graham, Commissioner.

COMMERCIAL FEEDSJ917

J. M. PiCKEL, Feed Chemist.*

Five hundred and fifteen samples of feeds have been analyzed since
those accounted for in the Bulletin for 1916. Three hundred and
seventy-four of these samples were collected by the official feed inspector
in various cities and towns throughout the State. One hundred and
forty-one sannples were sent in by citizens of the State (merchants,
manufacturers, dairymen, and other consumers).

The analyses of three hundred and eighty-eight of these samples are
published in this Bulletin.

EOIEDIATELY ESSENTIAL POINTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA

FEEDING STUFFS LAW

All feeds for live stock and poultry, except hays, straws, and corn
stover, when the same arc not mixed with other materials, and except
the whole seeds or grains of cereals when not mixed with other materials,
must be registered and guaranteed; and each bag of such a feed must
carry a guarantee tag and tax stamp at the rate of 1 cent per 100 lbs.
Instead of a tag, the guarantee may be printed on the bag.

Feeds must be put up in 25 lb., 50 lb., 75 lb., 100 lb. bags. Tax
stamps are to be had from the Commissioner of Agriculture in denomi-
nations of 14c., 1/20., %c., Ic, etc.

o

4^

4J

•*»

4^

,^ '

a

a

c

c

-2 a

Q

•

0

u

0

Ph

0
u

Ph

lU

0

0

0

^

1
1

t

^-i

0

I.

0

^

0

a

]

1

±0

0
0 ^

0

0 ■

'f.

u
u

0

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c

<3

H U

0- £

u ?.

0

y.

0

z
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CO

CO

t
1

^

s

0

0

U-HO-

MANUFA

M
<

Si

at

<

(9

a

e
•a

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i

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a
a

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a

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>

B

f-
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00 0

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IS

0

El

w

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(A

£'ac/fc Ingredient of a feed must be .stated specifically by its name.
Screenings must be ground to destroy the viability of weed seeds.
Cotton-seed Meal must contain not less than 33.44 per cent of protein,
equivalent to 6.5 per cent ammonia. Mixtures of meal and hulls con-

*The protein determinations were made by Messrs. B. B. Brandt and E. S. Dewar.

6 The Bulletin

taining less than tlie above must be sold as cotton-seed feed or under a
name not containing the word meail.

Penalties. — Persons violating tbe law are subject to a fine of $50 to
$200 for each offense, and feeds which do not meet the requirements ai'e
subject to seizure, condemnation, and sale.

Copies of the law may be had on application.

LOW GRADE BY-PRODUCTS IN MIXED FEEDS

In view of the decision of the Federal courts, the use of oat hulls,
cotton-seed hulls, peanut hulls, corn cobs, and similar materials, will be
permitted in mixed feeds in North Carolina when feeds are kept up to
the standard in composition adopted by the Department, and when the
presence of these materials is declared on the tag or bag, and when they
are used in such a way as not to deceive the purchaser.

TEN AND NINE PER CENT MINIMUM PROTEIN

Mixed feeds contadning any one or more of the above by-products or
similar ones of low feeding value, such as straws, chaffs, cornstalk,
corn pith, sorghum pulp, grain screenings and many others that will
occur to the mind of the feed mixer must carry a minimum of 10 per
cent protein.* Mixed feeds which do not contain low grade ingredients
such as the above and similar ones must carry 9 per cent minimum pro-
tein. Nine per cent protein is the minimum protein under any cir-
cumstamces in mixed feeds.

NITROGEN, AMMONIA, AND PROTEIN EQUIVALENTS

The ammonia per cent multiplied by 5.14 gives the protein per cent.
The nitrogen per cent multiplied by 6.25 gives the protein per cent.
The nitrogen per cent multiplied by l.?16 gives the ammonia per cent.

HEARINGS

When a sample of commercial feed examined shows variation from
the guarantees, the dealer or manufacturer from whom the sample was
taken shall be given an opportunity to be heard in his defense by the
Commissioner before the facts may be certified to the proper prosecut-
ing attorney.

It is the duty of the Depairtment of Agriculture to regularly inspect
the feeds offered for sale in the State and to see that all feeds bear the
tax stamp and are properly labeled. The Department is required to col-
lect and analyze at least one sample of every brand of feed found on
sale in the State during the year and to publish the results for the bene-
fit of those interested in this class of goods.

The Department will be glad, at any time, to furnish information re-
garding the character and value of any class of feed.

•Poultry feeds containing grit ii eluded in this class.

The Bulletin 7

DEFINITIONS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO MILLERS

The Association of Feed Control Officials in cooperation with The
American Feed Manufacturers' Associaition has adopted definitions for
almost all varieties of feeding stuffs. If all manufacturers would follow
these definitions in naming their products, much confusion and mis-
understanding would be avoided. A few of these definitions of special
interest to millers are subjoined :

Wheat Bran is the coarse outer coatings of the wheat berry obtained
in the usual commercial milling process from wheat that has been
cleaned and scoured.

Shorts or Standard Middlings are the fine particles of the outer and
inner bran separated from bram and white middlings.

Wheat White Middlings or White Middlings are that part of the
offal of wheat intermediate between shorts or standard middlings and
red dog.

Shipstuff or Wheat Mixed Feed is a mixture of the products other
than the flour obtained from the milling of the wheat berry.

Red Dog is a low grade wheat flour containing the finer particles of
bran.

Wheat Bran with Mill Run Screenings is pure wheat bran plus the
screenings which were separated from the wheat used in preparing said
bran.

Wheat Bran with Screenings not Exceeding Mill Run is either wheat
bran with the whole mill run of screenings or wheat bran with a portion
of the mill run of screenings, provided that such portion is not an in-
ferior portion thereof.

Meal is the clean, sound, ground product of the entire grain, cereal or
seed which it purports to represent.

Chop is a ground or chop feed composed of one or more different
cereals or by-products thereof. If it bears a name descriptive of the
kind of cereals, it must be maide exclusively of the entire grains of those
cereals.

Screenings are the smaller imperfect grains, weed seeds and other
foreign material having feeding value, separated in cleaning the grain.

Cotton-seed Feed* — All mixtures of cotton-seed meal and hulls con-
taining less than 33.44 per cent protein shall be branded Cotton-seed
Feed, or a name may be given which does not contain the word "meal"
or any other word that might be misleading.

Millers are especially requested to note: •

(1) That Shipstuff is a pure wheat product.

(2) That Shorts and Middlings are two names for the same thing.

(3) That when Screenings are run in with bran, middlings, shipstuff",
the resulting product is no longer bran, middlings, or shipstuff, and
should not be so designated; but is a mixture, and should be designated

•See page nine.

8 The Bulletin

so as to make that clear, thus : Wheat Bran and Screenings, Shipstuflf
and Screenings, or Wheat Bran with Mill Eun Screenings, Wheat Bran
with Screenings, not exceeding Mill Run.

(4) That Screenings should always be ground to destroy the viability
of weed seeds. Weed seeds are usually so small and so hard that they
pass through the alimentary canal undigested and become disseminated
in dung over the fields to the detriment of both farmer and miller.

TERMS USED IN ANALYSIS

Ash. This is ths incombustible part of the plant, earthy matter
drawn from the soil by the plants, and taken over into the amimal organ-
ism from plants.

Protein. This is the nitrogenous portion of the plant. Lean meat,
white of eggs, curd of milk, gluten of grain are examples.

Fiber. The frame-work of the plant; trunk and stem are hardened
fiber mixed with mineral and other matter ; cotton is ailmost pure fiber.

Fat. The portion of plant soluble in either is classed as fat, but in-
cludes small quantity of substances other than fats. Cotton-seed oil,
olive oil, peanut oil, the oils of cereals are examples. Tallow, lard, but-
ter amd the various animal oils and fats fall into this class.

Nitrogen-free Extract. Starch, the various sugars, gums are ex-
amples.

Carbohydrates. This is a general term, including fiber and nitrogen-
free extract.

ANIMAL FEEDING AND NUTRITION

A fundamental distinction between plants and animals is this : Plants
manufacture, so to speak, foods ; animals consume, but caoinot manufac-
ture, food. They merely transform — more or less modify — the food
they get from plants, utilize it for their own growth and maintenance
and for doing work, or else store it up in their bodies, or as in the case
of milk, excrete it.

Animals get the mineral matter for forming bone from plants, a small
portion also from water. The function of the carbohydrates and faits in
animal nutrition is the production of warmth and energy; for this pur-
pose fat has two and four-tenths the value of carbohydrate pound for
pound. The function of protein is to build up, repair and sustain the
vital portions of the ajnimal organism — blood, muscle, nerve, brain ; the
fats and carbohydrates cannot do this. Protein is capable also of being
oxidized, or burned, in the body and producing warmth and energy; and
in the absence of adequate fats and carbohydrates is thus utilized; but
this is, besides being extravagant, unwholesome. A well balanced ration
is one that contains protein, fat, carbohydrate in proper proportion to
meet the needs of the animal. These needs vairy with the kind of animal,
its age and uses.

The Bulletin 9

The following are excellent hand-books on animal feeding and nutri-
tion : —

"Feeds and Feeding" by Henry and Morrison; "Profitable Stock
Feeding" by Prof. H. W. Smith ; "Manual of Cattle Feeding/' by Prof.
H. P. Armsby; "The Feeding of Animals" by W. H. Jordan.

COTTON-SEED MEAL

The General Assembly of JSTorth Carolina, session of 1917, enacted a
new cotton-seed meal law. Three grades of cotton-seed meal, Prime,
Good, and Ordinary, are specified. Sections 2 and 3 read :

Sec. 2. That all cotton-seed meal offered for sale, unless sold to manufac-
turers for use in manufacturing fertilizers or feed, shall have plainly branded
on the bag containing it, or on the tag attached thereto, the following data:

1. Cotton-seed meal (with brand and grade).

2. Weight of package.

3. Ammonia and protein,

4. Name and address of manufacturer.

Sec. 3. That no persons, firm, or corporation shall offer for sale any cotton-
seed meal, except as provided in section two of this act, graded and classed as
follows:

1. Prime cotton-seed meal by analysis must contain at least seven and one-
half per cent of ammonia or thirty-eight and fifty-six hundredths per cent of
protein.

2. Good cotton-seed meal by analysis must contain at least seven per cent of
ammonia or thirty-six and no one-hundredths per cent of protein.

3. Ordinary cotton-seed meal by analysis must contain at least six and one-
half per cent of ammonia or thirty-three and forty-four hundredths per cent
of protein.

JSTothing in section 2 prohibits giving, in addition to the data there
required, the per cent of fat, fiber, and carbohydrates; and this addi-
tional data should be given for the benefit of feeders. Cotton-seed meal,
whether sold as fertilizer or feed, is subject to inspection tax of 20 cents
per ton.

10

The Bulletin

ANALYSES OF SAMPLES

WHEAT BRAN WITH AND

II

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

Date of
Collection

as

Price of
Package

\?M

Pure Wheat Bran

The Acme Mills, Hopkins-
ville, Ky.

Asheville Milling Corpora-
tion, Asheville, N. C.

Dan Valley Milling Co.,
Danville, Va.

Dunlop Milling Co.,
Clarksville, Tenn.

....do

.4dams Grain and Prov.
Co., Asheville.

Asheville Milling Corpora-
tion, Asheville.

Merchants Supply Co.,
Burlington.
Charles P. Moody Co.,
Charlotte.

Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

H. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro...

M. J. Best, Goldsboro

Sanford Grain and Prov.

Co., Sanford.
Siler Bros., Raleigh

Carpenter Bros., Durham.

C. L. Spencer, New Bern..

B. F. Mitchell Co., Wil-
mington.

McNair & Pearsall, Wil-
mington.

American Feed Milling Co.,
Asheville.

Farmers Supply Co.,
Dallas

City Feed Co., Hickory....

J. D. Earle l^eed Co.,

Asheville.
Davidson & Wolf, Char-
lotte.
J. 0. Plott, Canton

Elmore Maxwell Co.,

Greensboro.
Marion Cash Feed Store,

Marion.
Siler Bros. Co., Raleigh

Southern Grocery Co.,
Durham.

G. C. Lovett Co., Mount
Airy.

Garrett & McNeil, Red
Springs.

Hall & Pearsall, Wilming-
ton.

Feb. 16, "17
Feb. 17, '17
Dec. 8, '16
Dec. 12. '16
Feb. 27, '17
Feb. 28, '17
Feb. 28, '17
May 3, '17
May 17, '17
May 22, '17
Mar. 13, '17
Mar. 9, '17
Mar. 9, '17
Sept. 11, '17
Dec. 13, '16
Dec. 19, '16
Feb 17, '17
Dec. 12, '16
Dec. 19, '16
Feb. 27, '17
May 8. '17
May 17, 'i;
June 5, '17
June 19, '17
Nov. 23, '16
Mar. 8, '17

75

75

100

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

.$ 1.60

1

1220
1157

....do

....do

1.60
1.85

1135
123fi

Wheat Bran and Screen-
ings.
....do

1.50
2,15

1252

. . do

...do

2.10

1244

... do...

....do

2.10

1438

....do

....do

2.75

144fi

. do

do

*47.00

1455

....do

....do

2.50

1406
1281

1288

.-.-do

Choice Bran and Screen-
ings.
....do

B. A. Eckhart Milling Co.,
Chicago, 111.

Hecker-Jones-Jewell Mill-
ing Co., New York.

...-do

2.50
2.00
2.15

1519
1138

Anchor Bran and Screen-
ings.
Wheat Bran

Kemper Mill and Elevator
Co., Kansas City, Mo.

Morristosvn Flour Mills,
Morristown, Tenn.

... do...

1.65
1.60

1167

....do

1.50

1210

....do..-

... do

1.55

1133
1172

Pure Wheat Bran and

Screenings.
do

Liberty Mills, Nashville,
Tenn.
do ...

1.50
*36.00

1238

....do

....do

2.15

1441

....do

....do

2.50

1445

....do

....do

•47.00

140?

....do....

....do

2.30

1504

....do

do . .

2.15

1080

Pure Wheat Bran

Piedmont Mills, Lynch-
burg, Va.

Pillsbury Flour Mills, Min-
neapolis, Minn.

1.75

1270

Wheat Bran

2.20

•Per ton.

The Bulletin

11

OF FEEDS, SEASON 1916-1917

WITHOUT SCREENINGS

s a

1205

1220

1157

1135

1236

1252

1244

1433;

1446|

i

1455

140G|

1281

1288

1519

1138

1167

1210

1133

1172

1238

1441

1445

1492

1504

1089

1270

9 °

I-.'-'

O OS

Guaranteed

Found-

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed,

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed,

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found ,

Guaranteed.

Found-

Guaranteed.

Found ,

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.
Found

14.5
14.6
14.5
16.6
14.5
14.5
14.8
14.0
14.8
15.0
14.8
14.2
14.8
15.0
14.8
15.0
14.8
15.1
14.8
15.3
14.0
14.3
14.3
15.0
14.3
14.4
14.5
16.0
14.5
15.1
14.5
15.4
14.5
15.0
14.5
15.9
14.5
15.9
14.5
12.9
14.5
13.5
14.5
14.0
14.5
13.7
14.5
13 9
14.5
14.9
13.0
14.4

d

03

O.

.1

2.1

.0

■ .8

.2

.6

.2

.2

.3

.5

.3

.7

.1

1.5

.6

.9

.5

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.0

.5

.8

.6

.4

1.4

+5

a
O

si

4.0
4.4
4.0
4.7
4.0
4.8
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.6
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.2
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.3
4.0
3.6
4.0
3.7
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.0
4.7;
4.0
4.7l

a
a
a

(U

.4

.4

— .3

— .1

— .2

a
O

P4

9.5
9.5
9.5
5.3
9.5
10.1
9.5
9.7
9,5
8.7
9.6
9.2
9.5
9.1
9.5
8.6
9.5
8.2
9.5
7.6
11.0
8.7
11.0
8.9
11.0
8.7
10.0
8.2
9.5
8.5
9.5
8.9
9.5
8.8
9.5
8.0
9.5
8.7
9.5
10.2
9.5
9.1
9.5
8.6
9.5
9.3
9.5
10.7
9.5
8.9
13.0
11.1

a
o.

Q

.0

4.2

1.6

.2

■ .8

.3

.4

.9

1.3

1.9

2.3

2.1

2.3

1.8

1.0

.6

.7

1.5

.8

.7

.4

.9

.2

1.2

.6

1.9

Ingredients Guaranteed

Pure wheat bran.

Pure wheat products.

Pure wheat^bran.

Wheat bran, wheat screenings.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.
Wheat bran, ground recleaned wheat screenings
not exceeding mill-run.

Wheat bran, mill-run screenings.

do.
Wheat bran, ground screeinngs not exceeding mill-
run.

Pure wheat products.

do.

do.

Pure wheat bran only, with screenings incident to
milling.

do.

do.
Made from pure wheat only, with screenings in-
cident to milling.

do.

do.

do.

Wheat bran and screenings.

12

The Bulletin

WHEAT BRAN WITH

AND

11

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
W'holesaler

Retailer

a
.«.2

.On

la

si

■30-

0 0

PMPh

1M3

Wheat Bran

Pillsbury Flour Mills, Min-
neapolis, Minn.
...-do

S. P. McNair, Wilmington.

John S. McEachers Sons,

Wilmington.
J. E. Cox, Winston-Salem.

A. E. Rankin & Co., Fay-

etteville.
Wofford-Terrell Co., Mur-

phy-

Wofford-Foin Co., Murphy.

Landis Grocery Co., Hen-
derson.
W. J. Snow, Elkin

Mar. 9, '17
Mar. 10, '17

100
100
100
100
75
75
100
100

8 2 15

1400

..-.do...

2 25

1500

....do

...-do

Pure Wheat Bran

Southside Roller Mills,
Winston-Salem, N. C.

J. I. Triplett, Woodstock,
Va.

J M. Veach Co., Adairs-
ville, Ga.
do .

2.25

1096
1?,?14

Nov. 24, '16
Feb. 19, '17
Nov. 30, '16
May 23, '17
Dec. 5, '15

2.00
1 65

1101

....do

Ufifi

Wheat Bran

Washburn-Crosby Co.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

Ballard & Ballard, Louis-
ville, Ky.

2 85

nil

Pure Wheat Bran

2 00

WHEAT MIDDLINGS

(OR SHORTS)

Brand Name from
Label

Manufactvirer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

« 1

■_SPh

Co

Price of
Package

1221

1208
1228

Pure Wheat Shorts

Pure Wheat Bran

Middlings.
....do

Asheville Milling Corp.,
Asheville, N. C.

Dunlop Milling Co.,
Clarksville, Tenn.

.. do

Asheville Milling Corp.,

Asheville.
Adams Grain and Prov.

Co., Asheville.
Slayden-Fakes Co., Ashe-
ville.
Shuping & Poteat, Mor-

ganton.
Adams Grain and Prov.

Co., Fayetteville.
Sanford Grain and Prov.

Co., Sanford.
Blair & Co., No. Wilkes-

boro.
Southern Grocery Co.,

Durham.
Red Springs Trading Co.,

Red Springs.
Peacock Grocery Co., V\il-

son.
Woodiird Bros., Wilson

Wells Grocery Co., Wilson .

Sanford Grain and Prov.
Co., Sanford.

Feb. 17, '17
Feb. 16, '17
Feb. 21, '17
Feb. 22, '17
Mar. 6, '17
May 3, '17
June 1, '17
June 5, '17
Nov. 23, '16
Mar. 14, '17
Mar. 14. '17
Mar. 14, '17
May 3, '17

75

75

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

100

$ 1.70
1.75
1.70

1229

Pure Wheat Middlings

....do

1.75

12,'>7

Pure Wheat Bran

Middlings.
Pure Wheat Middlings

do — . . ..

1.80

1434

....do

2.75

1485

-...do

....do....!..

2.75

1494
1085
1415
1423

Wheat Middlings and

Screenings.
Middlings and Screenings.

Pure Wheat White

Middlings.
— .do

....do....

Eagle Roller Mills, New

Ulm, Minn.
B A. Eckhart Milling Co.,

Chicago, 111.
C. A. Gambrill Mfg. Co.,

Baltimore, Md.
.. do

2.55
2.30
2.00
2.00

1419

. do. .

2.25

1435

Triangle Bran and Shorts.

Interstate Milling Co.,
Charlotte, N. C.

2.75

The Bulletin

13

WITHOUT SCREENINGS— Continued

s a

9 o

OS

■p

>?

a

^

O

-p

03

0 S?

P.

s

■So

£

PLI

O u

03

■H

P

;2

B
03
0.

o

a

03

Ingredients Guaranteed

1293
1400

1500:

1096]
1224
1101
1466
1111

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed
Found

13.0
14.3
13.0
14.8
14.5
14.5
15.0
14.5
14.5
14.7
14.5
17.1
13.0
14.0
15.8
13.7

1.3

— .5

.2

2.6

1.0

2.1

4.0

4.6

4.0

4.6

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.0

4.5

4.0

4.5

4.4

4.6

2.3

13.0
10.7
13.0

— 1.8

11 .i
6.5

8.2

9.0

9.3

9.5

7.6

9.5

7.7

13.0

10.3

8.0

9.8

Wheat bran and screenings,
do.

1.7

.3

— 1.9

2.7

1.8

WITH AND WITHOUT

SCREENINGS

t

-s-g

>>

g

6

43

a

O

O

>>

^ft

li

43

13 S

si

ft

a

Ph

03
0,

Ingredients Guaranteed

2.Q

o§

"So

o t.

2

p

03
1^

u

QQ

5

u
.2
P

1
1221

f Guaranteed..

15.0

4.0

6.0

(^ Found --

16.1

1.1

3.9

— .1

2.8

3.2

Made from pure wheat only.

J Guaranteed..

16.3

4.6

6.0

1208

1

1 Found...

16.0

— .3

4.2

— .4

4.9

— 1.1

do.

1228

J Guaranteed..

16.3

4.6

6.0

\ Found -.

16.1

- .2

4.5

— .1

5.6

— .4

do.

1229

J Guaranteed..

16.3

4.6

6.0

\ Found

16.0

— .3

4.2

— .4

5.9

— .1

Pure wheat product.

1257

J Guaranteed..

16.3

4.6

6.0

\ Found -

14.4

— 1.9

3.5

— 1.1

5.2

— .8

Made from pure wheat.

1434

J Guaranteed..

16.0

4.3

6.0

1 Found -_

14.9

— 1.1

4.1

— .2

4.9

— 1.1

Made from pure wheat product.

1485

f Guaranteed..

16.0

4.3

6.0

\ Found-.

16.5

.5

4.4

.1

5.6

— .4

do.

J Guaranteed..

16.0

4.4

8.0

\ Found

17.5

1.5

4.7

.3

5.5

— 2.5

1085

J Guaranteed..

14.0

4.0

7.0

Middlings and ground screenings not

exceeding

(_ Found

17.61 3.6

4.3

.3

6.7

— .3

mill-run.

1415

f Guaranteed..

16.5

5.0

3.3

\ Found

15.5— 1.0

4.8

— .2

4.6

1.3

1423

J Guaranteed- -

16.5'

5.0

3.3

\ Found

15.4|— l.I

4.5

— .5

4.2

.9

1419

\ Guaranteed..

16.5

5.0

3.3

\ Found

14.3— 2.2

3.9

-1.1

4.3

1.0

1435;

j Guaranteed. -

15.5

4.0

7.0

\ Found..

14.7

- .8

4.9

.9

6.6

— .4

Wheat bran, wheat shorts, wheat screenings.

14

The Bulletin

WHEAT MIDDLINGS (OR SHORTS) WITH

ll

^

1-12;

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

g
Go

Si

.§1

o"s

1487

Pure Wheat Middlings

Igleheart Bros., Evans-
ville, Ind.

Blair & Co., No. Wilkes-
boro.

June 1, '17

100

$ 2.85

1141

Wheat Shorts and Screen-
ings.

H. L. Halliday Milling
Co., Cairo, 111.

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Charlotte.

Dec. 14. '16

75

1.50

]VH

Wheat Middlings . . . _.

Hecker-Jones-Jewell Mill-
ing Co., New York, N.Y.

D. L. Gore Co., Wilmington

Mar. 9, '17

100

2 20

1143

Pure Wheat Middlings

Jefferson Milling Co.,
Charlestown, W. Va.

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Charlotte.

Dec. 14, '16

100

2.20

1484

Liberty Shorts

Liberty Mills, Nashville,

Blair & Co., No. Wilkes-

June 1, '17

100

2.75

Tenn.

boro.

1518

do

do..

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Asheville.

Sept. 11, '17

75

2.00

1166

Rich Middlings . _.

Model Mill Co., Johnson

City Feed Co., Hickory

Dec. 19, '16

75

1 75

City, Tenn.

1''4';

Bran Shorts — . .

do ....

L. A. Raney Co., Golds-
boro.

Feb. 28, '17

100

2.25

1115

Pure Wheat Shorts.

Middle Tenn. Milling Co.,
Tullahoma, Tenn.

Caudell Feed Co., No.
Wilkesboro.

Dec. 5, '16

100

2.25

1092

Wheat Standard Middlings

Northwestern Cons. Milling
Co., Minneapolis, Minn

Armfield Co., Fayetteville.

Nov. 23, '16

100

2.00

ins

Wheat Middlings

Page Milling Co., Luray,

Pearson Bros , No, Wilkes-

Dec. 5, '16

100

2.25

Va.

boro.

1261

Durum Standard Wheat
Middlings.

Pillsbury Flour Mills Co.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

Armfield Co., Fayetteville.

Mar. 6, '17

100

2.10

1?43

Standard Wheat Middlings

. do —

M. J. Best & Sons, Golds-

100

2.00

boro.

1?3P

...do

do

B. G. Thompson & Sons,
Goldsboro.

Feb. 28, '17

100

2.00

1246

Wheat "B" Middlings..-.

— do - —

J. T. Grimes Grocery Co.,

Feb. 28, '17

100

2.10

Goldsboro.

1273

Wheat Middlings.

-.-do

Pearsall & Co., Wilming-

Mar. 8, '17

100

2.10

P84

Brown Middlings ...

..do-—

ton.
B. F. Mitchell Co., Wil-
mington.

Mar. 9, '17

100

2.20

1407

Middlings

— .do -

C. L. Spencer, New Bern..

Eugene Johnston, Little-
ton.

Weldon Grocery Co., Wel-
don.

G. C. Lowell Co., Mount
Airy.

Mar. 13, '17
May 23, '17
May 24, '17
June 6, '17

100
100
100
100

2.50

1473

. do ....

- .-do—

2.70

1475

....do

--..do

2.60

150?

XX Daisy

...-do...

2.90

1095

Bixota Middlings-

Red Wing Milling Co., Red
Wing, Minn.

A. E. Rankin Co., Fay-
etteville.

Nov. 24, '16

100

2.10

1171

Red Star Mill and Elev.

Dec. 19, '16

ings.

Co., Wichita, Kan.

Canton.

1232

Pure Wheat Shorts

Southern Milling Co.,
Nashville, Tenn.

Kirksey & Gibbs, Morgan-
ton.

Feb. 22, '17

75

1.75

1457

Pennant Middlings

David Stott Milling Co.,
Detroit, Mich.

Rose Grocery Co., Dur-
ham.

May 22, '17

100

2.60

1137

Pure Wheat Brown Shorts

Southwestern Milling Co.,
Inc., Kansas City, Mo.

Farmers Supply Co., Dallas

Dec. 13, '16

100

2.35

1090 Star Wheat Middlings....

J. A. Tate .% Co., Rich-

Garrett & McNeil, Red

Nov. 23, '10

100

1.76

mond, Va.

Springs.

The Bulletin

15

AND WITHOUT SCREENINGS— Continued

S °

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found--

Guaranteed.

Found.-

Guaranteed.

Found —

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found ,

Guaranteed.

Found -

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed-

Found --

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed-
Found

O M
^ ID

16.0
15.9
14.5
14.5
15.5
15.6
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.1
15.0
16.8
15.0
15.6
16.0
14.3
16.0
17.7
15.0
15.8
15.0
15.4
12.5
15.6
14.0
15.9
14.0
16.3
14.0
16.1
14.0
15.5
14.0
16.4
14.0
15.2
14.0
15.9
14.0
15.6
16.0
16.7
15.4
17.2
16.0
17.1
15.0
17.0
15.0
14.7
15.0
16.3
15.0
16.5

a

si

■ .1
.0

.1

.0

.1

1.8

.6

1.7

1.7

.8

.4

3.1

1.9

2.3

2.1

1.5

2.4

1.2

1.9

1.6

.7

1.8

1.1

2.0

.3

1.3

1.5

O

03

5.0

3.4

4.0

4.1

4.8

4.6

4.0

4.2

4.0

4.3

4.0

4.7

4.0

4.7

4.0

4.5

4.0

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.0

5.3

4.0

6.1

4.0

4.5

4.0

4.8

4.0

4.3

4.0

4.8

4.0

4

4.0

4.7

4.0

4.5

4 0

4.8

4.0

3.7

5.1

5.6

4.3

4.1

4.0

4.7

4.0

3.7

4.2

4.2

5.0

5.1

>>

o

a

d

O

u

<u

1.6
.1
.2
.2
.3
.7
.7
.5
.8
.0
1.3
2.1
.5
.8
.3
.8
.9
.7
.5
.8
.3
.5
.2
.7
.3
.0
.1

7.0
4.7
9.5
8.4
8.0
6.0
6.0
5.2
6.0
4.9
6.0
5.0
7.2
6.9
6.4
9.0
6.0
5.8

11.0
9.1
6.0
3.7

11.0
9.3

11.0
7.5

11.0
8.1

11.0
9.9

11.0
8.7

11.0
8.7

11.0
8.2

11.0
8.2

11.0
8.6
4.0
2.3
9.8
7.6
5.5
4.3
6.0
5.5
7.0
4.7
8.0
6.1
9.5
7.1

a

03

a

•2.3
1.1
2.0

.8
1.1
1.0

.3
2.6

.2
1.9
2.3
1.7
3.5
2.9
1.1
2.3
2.3
2.8
2.8
2.4
1.7
2.2
1.2

.5
2.3
1.9
2.4

Ingredients Guaranteed

Pure wheat middlings with ground screenings not
exceeding mill-run.

Wheat shorts and screenings.

Made from pure hard wheat.

Made from pure wheat only.

do.
Wheat middlings, wheat shorts, wheat screenings.
Made from wheat bran and wheat shorts.
Made from wheat only.

Middlings with ground screenings not exceeding
mill-run.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Low grade wheat flour.

Wheat middlings, low grade flour, wheat screen-
ings, not exceeding mill-run.

Made from pure wheat only.

16

The Bulletin

WHEAT MIDDLINGS (OR SHORTS) WITH

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

as

P4P4

1517

Wheat Shorts

Town Creek Milling Co.,

Lenoir City, Tenn.
....do

Adams Grain and Prov.

Co., Asheville.
Asheville Grocery Co.,

Asheville.
Adams Grain and Prov.

Co., Asheville.
Siler Bros. Co., Raleigh

W. J. Snow, Elkin

Sept. 11, '17
Sept. 11, '17
Sept. 26, '17
May 17, '17
Dec. 5, '16
Mar. 28, '17
May 17, '17
May 22, '17
May 22, '17
May 23, '17
May 24, '17
May 31, '17
June 22, '17
Mar. 28, '17
Nov. 24, '16
Mar. 6, '17

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

S 2.15

1S?1

do

♦48.00

15^5

do

....do

*44.50

1444

....do

Wright Milling Co., Blue-
field, W. Va.

Washburn-Crosby Co.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

....do

Md.OO

inn

Wheat Standard Middlings

. do. .-

2.25

1430

H. C. Edwards, Kinston...
Siler Bros. Co., Raleigh.. ..
Carpenter Bros., Durham.

George A. Rose Co., Hen-
derson.

Littleton Feed and Gro-
cery Co., Littleton.

Weldon Grocery Co., Wel-
don.

W. J. Snow, Elkin

2.45

HSI

do

. ..do..

*50.00

145'

. do

....do

2.50

14fi1

....do

....do

2.85

14fi8

. do

... do..

2.75

147fi

... do

do

2.60

147Q

. do

. do

2.85

1511

..do...

... do.... .

Marion Cash Feed Co.,

Marion.
Dawson Bros., Kinston

W. F. Smith Co., Fayette-

ville.
....do....

2.60

14''S

do . .

2.45

1093

1?58

Nokomis Middlings

...do

Yerxa, Andrews & Thur-
ston, Minneapolis, Minn.
....do

1.60
1.90

*Per ton.

tFound to be adulterated with corn bran.

The Bulletin

17

AND WITHOUT SCREENINGS— Continued

9. a

1517
1521
1525
1444

iiio;

1430
1451
1452
1461
1468
1476

1479

i
1511

I

I
1428'

1093

1258

9 o

■So

PL, Oh

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found-

Guaranteed

Found -

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed.
Found

a
o.

Q

16.0
14.1
16.0
14.5
16.0
14.7
14.5
9.9
14.0
16.3
14.0
16.6
14.0
14.8
14.0
15.8
14.0
16.0
14.0
15.5
14.0
16.3
14.0
15.6
14.0
15.7
14.0
15.8
14.5
16.8
14.5
16.5

1.9
1.5
1.3
— 4.6
2.3
2.6

•8
1.8
2.0
1.5
2.3
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.0

CI

O

1^

4.0
3.5
4.0
3.6
4.0
3.8
4.0
3.4
4.0
4.7
4.0
5.0
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.7
4.0
4.9
4.0
4.8
4.0
4.8

.0
.7
.0
,4
.0
.5
5.5
6.1
5.5
4.8

a

03

.5
.4
.2
.6
.7
1.0
.5
.7
.9

.7
.4
.5
.6

— .7

o
O
u

PM

J3

6
7
6
7
6
8
8

11

11
8

11
7

11
9

11
8

11,
8

11
8

11
7

11
8

11
7

11
7

10
7

10

a

OS

p.

Ingredients Guaranteed

1.5
1.7
2.4
3.9
2.4
3.7
1.9
2.5
2.9
2.9
3.2
2.6
3.3
3.7
3.3
7.1

Made from wheat product.

do.

do.

Middlings. t

Wheat standard middlings with ground screenings
not exceeding mill-run.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Standard wheat middlings.

do.

18

The Bulletin

WHEAT BRAN AND MIDDLINGS (OR SHORTS)

S S

1490
1076
1078

Brand Name from
Label

Pure Wheat Bran and

Shorts.
Wheat Bran and

Middlings.
_..-do

1077iPure Wheat Bran, Shorts

and Screenings.
Pure Wheat Bran and

Shorts.
Thoroughbred Feed

1114
1462
1439 Bran and Shorts

1230jPure Wheat Bran and

} Shorts.
11 64 'Bran and Shorts..

1132...,do-
1165 -...do.

1231

Hog Feed.

1449 do.

1472

Thoroughbred Feed.

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Acme Mills, Hopkinsville,
Ky.

Concord Milling Co., Con-
cord, N. C.

Concord Roller Mills, Con-
cord, N. C.

China Grove Roller Mills,
China Grove, N. C.

City Flour Milling Co.,
Statesville, N. C.

Lexington Roller Mills Co.,
Inc., Lexington, Ky.

Model Mills, Lexington,
N. C.

Morganton Roller Mills,
Morganton, N. C.

Newport Mill Co., New-
port, Tenn.

Statesville Flour Mill Co.,
Statesville, N. C.
..do.

.do.
.do.

Lexington Roller Mills Co.,
Lexington, Ky.

Retailer

Caudell Feed Co., Wilkes-

boro.
L. A. Talbert, Concord

Concord Roller Mills, Con-
cord.
L. A. Talbert, Concord

Pearson Bros., No. Wilkes-
boro.

George A. Rose & Co.,
Henderson.

Perry Grocery Co., Lex-
ington.

Kirksey & Gibbs, Morgan-
ton.

City Feed Co., Hickory

Cochran & McLauchlin

Co., Charlotte.
City Feed Co., Hickory

Kirksey & Gibbs, Morgan-
ton.
Siler Bros., Raleigh

cl
o

Eugene Johnston, Little-
ton.

June 1, '17

Nov. 15, '16

Nov. 15, '16
Nov. 15, '16
Nov. 5, '16

May 23, '17

May 7, '17

Feb. 22, '17

Dec. 19, '16

Dec. 12, '16

Dec. 19, '16

Feb. 22, '17

May 17, '17

May 23. '17

B (^
O o

100
100
100
100
75
100

75
75
75
75
75
100
100

.2-2

PL(EL,

S 2.60
2.20
2.20
2.20
1.75
2.85

1.75
1.65
1.65
1.75
1.75
^50.00
2.80

*Per ton.

SHIP

Is

o g

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

•

Retailer

a

PO

Co

Price of
Package

1418

Shipstuff.. .

Austin-Heaton Co., Dur-
ham, N. C.
....do

P. L. Woodard & Co.,
Wilson.

Peacock Grocery Co., Wil-
son.

Lyon-Winston Co., Oxford

Landis Grocery Co., Hen-
derson

Sanford Grocery Co., San-
ford.

Carpenter Bros., Durham..

Mar. 14, '17
Mar. 14, '17

100$ 2.40

1413
1424
1463
1436
1516

100
100
100
100
100

2.25

■

....do

do

...do

do

2.45

May 23, '17
May 3, '17
Aug. 30. '17

2.85

do

...do

2.75

do

. ..do

2.60

.

The Bulletin

19

WITH AND WITHOUT SCREENINGS

s a

S °

a §

1490

107G

1078

1077,

1114

1462

1430;

1230l

1164^

1132

1165'

1231

1449-

1472.

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed.

Found-

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed
Found

■(DO

o <~
AhPh

15.0
15.5
17.5
16.0
17.5
16.4
14.0
15.5
14.5
14.5
15.8
16.1
14.6
14.7
14.0
14.5
14.5
15.1
15.0
15.6
15.0
14.5
15.0
14.7
15.0
14.2
15.8
15.6

o

O.

.5

1.5

1.1

1.5

.0

.3

.1

.6

.6

.6

.5

.3

.8

.2

O

03

4.0

4.2
4.6
4.0
4.6
4.1
3.2
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.1
3.8

0;

— .6

.5

— .3

4.0
4.0
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.8
4.1
3.8

.8

— .3

&

Oh
u

D
u

OQ

P

8.5

7.6

— .9

7.4

6.2

— 1.2

7.4

6.1

— 1.3

4.9

5.3

— .4

9.5

5.5

— 4.0

7.1

6.7

— .4

7.1

6.7

— .4

7.0

4.1

— 2.9

8.0

6.4

— 1.6

7.5

5.7

— 1.8

7.5

6.9

— .6

7.5

6.6

— .9

7.5

6.7

— .8

7.1

6.8

— .3

Ingredients Guaranteed

— .4 Wheat middlings, wheat bran.

Wheat middlings, wheat bran, wheat screenings.
Wheat bran and shorts and mill-run screenings.

do.

do.

do.
Wheat middlings and wheat bran.

STUFF

*a

-■3

4^

a 9,

a

0.

a
a
O
u

>>

a

03

a
o

>>

0.

Ingredients Guaranteed

2.C

O OS

■So

03

(3

03

o

OQ

5

i

.2
Q

1418

f Guaranteed..

16.0

4.5

5.5

(^ Found

15.4

— .6

4.4

— .1

6.1

.6

1413

\ Guaranteed..

16.0

4.5

5.5

1 Found

14.6

— 1.4

4.2

— .3

6.1

.6

1424

J Guaranteed..

16.0

4.5

5.5

\ Found _

14.3

— 1.7

4.4

— .1

6.1

.6

1463

f Guaranteed..

16.0

4.5

5.5

\ Found

14.9|— 1.1

4.1

— .4

6.2

.6

143C

i Guaranteed..

16.0

4.5

5.5

1 Found -

14.3

— 1.7

3.7

— .8

5.7

.2

1516

\ Guaranteed..

16.0

4.5

5.5

\ Found..

15.6

- .4

3.9

— .6

5.0

— .5

20

The Bulletin

SHIP

7469
7292
1448
1253
1117
1453
1155
1235
1153
1447
1483
1499

Brand Name from
Label

Shipstuff

....do

Wheat Feed.

Shipstuff

Arrow Shipstuff and
Screenings.
..do..

Pure Wheat Shipstuff.
..do

Shipstuff.

Piedmont Shipstuff.
Shipstuff.

....do

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

Austin-Heaton Co., Dur- Sent by the manufacturer.

ham, N. C.
do ' do

Atlanta Milling Co., At- Siler Bros. Co., Raleigh —
lanta, Ga.

Atlas Flour Mills, Mil-
waukee, Wis.

Dunlop Mills, Richmond,
Va.

c3 o

Co

.do.

H. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro...

Caudill Feed Co., No.

Wilkesboro.
Carpenter Bros., Durham.

Merchants Supply Co.,
Burlington.

Dan Valley Mills, Dan-
ville, Va.

do Elmore Maxwell Co.,

Greensboro.
Hico Milling Co., Burling- C. H. Durham Grocery

Co., Burlington.
Siler Bros., Raleigh.

ton, N. C.
Piedmont Mills, Lynch-
burg, Va.

__do , ...|Surry-Wilkes-Yadkin Sup-
ply Co., Elkin.

Southside Roller Mills,
Winston-Salem, N. C.

J. E. Cox, Winston-Salem

Oct. 5,

April 3,

May 17,

Feb. 28,

Dec. 5,

May 22,

Dec. 8,

Feb. 27,

Dee. 8,

May 17,

May 31,

.£f3

O O fLid,

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

•51 .00
2.10
2.25
2.60
2.10
2.20
2.10

*54.00
2.85
2.45

*Per ton.

RED

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

Date of
Collection

.£f5

•SPh

Oo

Price of
Package

]?07

Dandy Red Dog ._ ..

Louisville Milling Co.,

Louisville, Ky.
....do

Slayden-Fakes Co., Ashe-
ville.

Surry-Wilkes-Yadkin Sup-
ply Co., Elkin.

Farmers Supply Co.,
Dallas.

Hadley, Harris & Co., Wil-
son.

do

Feb. 21, '17
May 31, '17
Dee. 13, '17
Mur. 14, '17
Mar. 14, '17
Mar. 14, '17

75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

$ 1.75

1489

. do..

3.10

1I?8

Bull Red Dog

Mayo Milling Co., Inc.,
Richmond, Va.
do

2.90

14?1

do

2.50

1442

Comet XXX Red Dog ...
....do

Northwestern Cons. Milling

Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
....do

2.60

I4?0

P. L. Woodard& Co., Wil-
son.
J. W. Chappell, Creedmcor

Creedmoor Supply Co.,
Creedmoor.

2.40

14''6

do

do... .. .. ..

2.65

14''5

do

do ..

2.60

The Bulletin

21

STUFF

>.

Guaranteed
and Found

1

o

5

a

c;
CI

u

CQ

S

u

u

a
a

0.

2!

U
CO

s

Ingredients Guaranteed

746!!^

Guaranteed..

10. 0

4.5

5.5

Found

15.0

— 1.0

4.1

— .4

6.3

.8

7292

Guaranteed..

16.0

4.5

5.5

Found

15.5— .5

4.1

— .4

5.9

.4

1448

Guaranteed..

14.5

3.7

8.0

.

Found -.

14.4

— .1

4.1

.4

6.9

— 1.1

1253,

Guaranteed..

13.5

3.5

10.5

Found _

14.6

1.1

4.6

1.1

9.0

— 1.5

1117

Guaranteed..

15.0

4.0

8.0

Found

15.3

.3

4.2

.2

6.6

— 1.4

1453

Guaranteed..

15.0

4.0

8.0

Found

15.1

.1

4.1

.1

5.9

— 2.1

1155

Guaranteed..

■ 16.0

5.0

6.0

Found

16.0

.0

4.8

— .2

6.1

.1

1235'

Guaranteed..

16.0

5.0

6.0

Found

16.0

.0

4.2

— .8

6.2

.2

1153

Guaranteed..

16.3

4.3

6.5

Found

15.4

— .9

4.2

— .1

6.5

.0

1447

Guaranteed..

15.0

4.0

8.0

•

Found

14.6

.4

4.0

.0

5.9

— 2.1

1483

Guaranteed..

16.0

5.0

6.0

Found

14.7

— 1.3

4.7

- .3

5.6

— .4

1499

Guaranteed..

15.4

4.7

5.8

Found

16.1

.7

4.9

.2

7.5

1.7

DOG

<u a

.9-1
0 t*

>>

s

si

a

CO

a

4=

a

0

u

i

1

CO

5

U

u

03

S

Ingredients Guaranteed

1227'

1

f Guaranteed..

16.0

4.0

5.0

\ Found

16.6

.6

4.2

.2

3.4

— 1.6

1482

1 Guaranteed..

16.0

4.0

5.0

1 Found

14.3

— 1.7

3.0

— 1.0

1.8

— 3.2

1128

j Guaranteed..

17.0

4.0

7.0

\ Found

16.5

— .5

4.5

.5

6.6

— .4

1421

I Guaranteed..

17.0

4.0

7.0

\ Found

15.8

— 1.2

4.5

.5

5.5

— 1.5

1422

f Guaranteed..
\ Found

15.5
18.1

2.6

4.0
4.7

.7

5.0
2.5

2.5

1420

( Guaranteed..

15.5

4.0

5.0

) Found

17.7

2.2

4.6

.6

2.4

2.6

1426'

( Guaranteed..

16.5

4.0

3.0

\ Found..

16.5

.0

4.3

.3

1.5

1.5

1425

j Guaranteed..

16.5

4.0

3.0

\ Found -

17.0

.5

4.4

.4

1.9

■ 1.1

22

The Bulletin

MIXED FEEDS NOT

Brand Name from
Label

1142 Mill Feed

1259 Mixed Feed

1088. ...do .-

1506 Cow Feed

1443 Model Mill Feed.

1460 Mixed Feed

1084 Fine Feed or Feed Meal ..

1154 ....do

1116 ....do

1202 ....do..

1211 ..-.do

1223!. ...do..

1226!. ...do....

1265 -...do

1440 do....

1488, do

1515 do

1100 Imperial Feed

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Atlanta Milling Co., At-
lanta, Ga.

Douthal-Riddle Co., Dan-
ville, Va.

....do ,

Granite City Mills, Mount

Airy, N. C.
Model Mill Co., Johnson

City, Tenn.
Moses Bros., Lexington,

Va.
Mountain City Mill Co.,

Chattanooga, Tenn.

..do

1219
1486

1091

1204
1454
1098

..do.
..do.

Schumacher Feed.

....do

....do

Spartan Grains

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Charlotte.

.'Vrmfield Company, Fay-
ette ville.

Garrett & McNeil, Red
Springs.

West-Hill Co., Mount Airy.

A. Blanton Grocery Co.,
Marion.

Parham Supply Co., Hen-
derson.
, Red

.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.

Newport Mill Co., Lon-
don, Tenn.
....do

.do.

Quaker Oats Co., Chicago,
111.

.do.
.do.

Spartan Grain and Mill
Co., Spartanburg, S. C.

Retailer

d

Springs.
Merchants Supply Co.,

Burlington.
Caudill Feed Co., No.

Wilkesboro.
Asheville Grocery Co.,

Asheville.
J. D. Eaile Feed Co.,

Asheville
Wofford-Terrell Co., Mur-

Phy.
Slayden-Fakes Co., Bry-

son City.
Adams Grain and Prov.

Co., Fayetteville.
Marion Cash Feed Co.,

Marion.
Pearson Bros., Wilkesboro.

Carolina Warehouse Co.,
Greensboro.

Wofford, Fine & Co., Mur-
phy.

Asheville Grocery Co.,
Asheville.

Blair & Co., No. Wilkes-
boro.

Garrett & McNeil, Red

Springs.

Rogers Grocery Co., -Ashe-
ville.
Carpenter Bros., Durham.

A. E. Rankin Co., Fay-
etteville.

75
100

Mar. 6. '17

Nov. 23, '16

100

June 6, '17

100

May 8, '17

75

May 23. '17

100

Nov. 23, '16

100

Dec. 8, '16

100

Dec. 5, '16

100

Feb. 15, '17

75

Feb. 17, '17

75

Feb. 19, '17

75

Feb. 20, '17

75

Mar. 6, '17

75

May 7, '17

75

June 1, '17

100

Aug. 15, '17

100

Nov. 30, '16

75

Feb. 17, '17

75

June 1, '17

100

Nov. 23, '10

100

Feb. 16, '17

100

May 22, '17

100

Nov. 24, '16

100

$ 1.53
1.65
1.75
2.30
1.95
2.90
2.25
2.00
2.15
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.90
2.00
2.65
2.50

The Bulletin

23

CONTAINING MOLASSES

2^

^2

114:

1259'

108S;

150G.

1443

1460'

1084'

1154

1116

1202

1211

1223

1226

1265

1440

1488

1515

1100

1219

1486

1091

s °
O 3

43

13 g

O t-

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found.

Guaranteed..

Found ...

Guaranteed..

Found...

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.
Found

Guaranteed..
Found

13.0
14.4
10.4
9.8
10.4
12.8

11(14 / Guaranteed.

n Found.

...If Guaranteed.

\\ Found

lOgs'l G"=i'^;»teed.

\\ Found ,

a
o.

a
O

Hi

03

a

03

P.

1.4

.6

2.4

14.4

14.7

14.2

14.5

12.2

12.5

15.0

12.5

14.7

12.5

14.1

12.5

13.9

12.5

14.7

12.5

13.7

12.5

14.0

12.5

13.6

12.5

12.7

12.5

13.7

12.5

14.6

13.0

13.9

13.0

13

13.0

13.6

10.0
10.7

10.0
11.4
10.0
10.1
20.0
23.6

.5

2.3

2.5

2.2

1.6

1.4

2.2

1.2

1.5

1.1

.2

1.2

2.1

.7

1.4

3.6

3.7
4.2
4.3
3.4
4.3
4.2

.9

— .1

O
o

3.3
4.0
4.7
4.0
4.0
5.5
4.9
5.5
4.3
5.5
4.9
5.5
4.5
5.5
4.6
5.5
4.8
5.5
4.9
5.5
5.6
5.5|
4.8:
5.5i
5.0
5.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.0
6.2
4.0
6.5

4.0
3.0

4.0
3.9
4.0
2.7
4.0
4.4

.7

.0

— .6

1.2

— .6

1.0

— .7

— .6

— .3

— 1.7

9 5
7.2
10.0
14.0
10.0
12.8

d

03

c.

2.3

4.0
2.8

14.4
7.2
6.4
9.5
9.1
8.5
7.0
8.5
7.1
8.5
6.8
8.5
7.7
8.5
7.3
8.5
7.0
8.5
7.0
8 6
7.5
8.5
6.9
8.5
5.2
8.6
7.7
8.0

.3

5.8

8.0

2.2

9.6

8.0

2.5

9.9

9.0

— 1.0

10.5

9.0

— .1

10.9

9.0

— 1.3

12.2

16.0

.4

13.4

Ingredients Guaranteed

Wheat and corn mill feed and ground screenings
not exceeding mill-run.

Corn cob meal and wheat product.

.4
1.5
1.4
1.7

.8
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.6
3.3

.8
2.2
1.6
1.9

1.6

1.9
3.2

• 1.6

do.
Crushed corn, bran, shorts, beet pulp, cotton-seed

meal.
Wheat shorts, wheat bran, wheat screeniEgs, corn

and corn screenings.

Wheat middlings, corn and wheat bran.
Wheat middlings, wheat shorts, ground screenings,
corn bran, corn hearts, corn meal.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.
Wheat bran, wheat shorts, corn meal, corn bran,
corn screenings, wheat screenings.

do.

do.

Ground corn, hominy feed, ground barley, wheat
flour, wheat middlings, ground screenings ground
puffed rice,' ground puffed wheat, cotton-seed
meal, oatm.eal mill by-products, oat middlings,
oat hulls, oat shorts, }4 per cent salt, ground
Kaflfir corn.

do.

do.
CottoD-seed meal, corn gluten feed, dried brewer's
grains, wheat shorts, wheat bran, alfalfa meal.

24

The Bulletin

MIXED FEEDS NOT

2u

Brand Name from
Label

1139 Spartan GraiE^.

1442'. ...do

1112^Peerless Feed....

1140. ...do

1233 ....do

1440. .__do....

1491 ....do

1522 Mixed Feed

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

I Spartan Grain and Mill
Co., Spartanburg, S. C.
..do

J. Allen Smith & Co.,
Knoxville, Tenn.
..do

1459 Union Grains.

7481

...do.

Retailer

a
o

o ■*^

■*^^
<A a

00

O O

.do.
.do.
.do.

Farmers Supply Co., Dallas

Marion Cash Feed Store,
Marion.

S. V. Thomlinson, No.
Wilkesboro.

F. D. Barkley & Co.,
Gastonia.

Kirksey & Gibbs, Morgan-
ton.

Siler Bros., Raleigh

Wright Milling Co., Blue-
field, W. Va.

Ubiko Milling Co., Cin-
cinnati, O.

....do

1498 Mixed Bran.

Southside Roller Mills,
Winston-Salem, N. C.

Dec. 13, '16| 100
May 8, '17 100
Dec. 5, '16 100

.So

$ 2.40
2.75
2.10

Dec. 13, '16 75 1.65

F. D. Forrester & Co.,

Wilkesboro.
W. H. Turner, Winston.

Upchurch Bros. & Massey,
Durham.

Feb. 22, '17
May 5, '17
June 1, '17
Sept. 21, '17

May 22, '17

Sent by the manufacturers. Oct. 19, '17
J. E. Cox, Winston-Salem .

75
100
100
100

100

100

1.75

'50.00
2.65
2.75

2.75

2.20

*Per ton.

MIXED FEEDS

CON

ll

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

CI

as

Oo

PhPM

1524

Big Chief Feed

American Feed Milling
Co.. Asheville, N. C.
do

American Feed Milling

Co., Asheville.
....do

Sept. 26, '17
Sept. 26, '17
Feb. 2, '17
June 5, '17
Dec. 12, '16

Feb. 17, '17

May 22, '17

100
100
100
100
100

100

100

$ 3.45

H'^

Oatfalfa Feed

2.50

P??

Carolina Special Horse

and Mule Feed.
Champion Dairy Feed

Molasses Alfocorn Horse
and Mule Feed.

Full Pail Dairy Feed

do

Wofford-Terrell Co., Mur-
phy.

Southern Grocery Co.,
Durham.

Davidson & Wolff, Char-
lotte.

J. D. Earle Feed Co ,
Asheville.

Rose Grocery Co., Dur-
ham.

2.30

I'll")

do

2.40

1134
1216
1458

Alfocorn Millinp Co., East
St. Louis, 111.

....do

do

2.30

1.90
2.85

Mule Feed.

The Bulletin

25

CONTAINING MOLASSES— Continued

1139
1442
1112
1140
1233
1450
1491
1522

1459

7481

1498I'

^"2
c o

O 0)

PhPh

Guaranteed..

Found-

Guaranteed..

Found -

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found-

Guaranteed..
Found

Guaranteed..
Found

Guaranteed-

Found

Guaranteed.
Found

20.3
23.6
20.3
21.6
14.0
13.8
14.0
13.8
14.0
14.2
14.0
13.7
14.0
14.0
13.2
14.9

24.0
23.7

25.7
14.5
13.8

a
a

3.6
1.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
.0
1.7

— .3

1.7

— .7

a

(U

O

C3

3.5
4.0
3.5
4.3
4.0
5.0
4.0
5.0
4.0
4.6
4.0
5.0
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.3

7.0
5

o

a

si
0.

7.8
4.0
4.0

.5

1.0

1.0

.6

1.0

.3

— 1.4

.8

.0

u

a

16.0
13.2
16.0
12.3
7.0
6.0
7.0
6.2
7.0
6.1
7.0
6.3
7.0
6.7
8.4
6.6

10.0
9.6

10.0
6.5
8.4

o

a
o.

<u

2.8
3.6
1.0

.7

.3

1.8

— .4

Ingredients Guaranteed

Cotton-seed meal, corn gluten feed, dried brewer's
grains, wheat shorts wheat bran, alfalfa meal.

do.
Wheat bran, wheat shorts, corn meal, corn screen-
ings, wheat screenings.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Wheat bran, wheat middlings, red dog, rye mid-
dlings, corn bran.

Fourex distillers' dried grains, choice cotton-seed
meal, old process liniseed meal, white wheat
middlings, winter wheat bran, hominy meal,
brewers' dried grains, barley malt sprouts, 0.5%
fine table salt.

do.

Wheat bran, corn bran and screenings.

TAINING MOLASSES

h

Guaranteed
and Found

4^

.go

O bi

u
0
eS
0.

S

P.

S

O
I

O
OQ

S

Ingredients Guaranteed

1524
1523
1222
1495
1134

1216

1458

1

f Guaranteed-.

\ Found -..

\ Guaranteed..

\ Found.

f Guaranteed..

\ Found-

\ Guaranteed..

1 Found

f Guaranteed..
1^ Found

r Guaranteed..
\^ Found

r Guaranteed..
\ Found

10.0
9.1
10.0
12.0
10.1
10.6
24.5
15.0
9.0
11.1

16.0
17.5

9.0
7.9

— .9
2.0

.5

— 9.5
2.1

1.5

— 1.1

3.5
3.0
3.2
3.4
2.1
2.7
5.3
2.1
2.0
4.2

3.0
4.6

1.5
2.2

— .5
.2
.6

-3.2
2.2

1.0

.7

7.5

5. '7
13.6
13.9

9.0
11.8

8.5
18.5
13.5

8.0

15.0
14.6

15.0
10.0

-1.8

.3

2.8

10.0

— 5.0

— .4

— 5.0

Cracked corn, oats, alfalfa, wheat bran, salt,
molasses.

Cotton-seed meal, corn meal, alfalfa meal, wheat
bran, salt, molasses.

Alfalfa meal, whole oats (crushed), whole corn
(cracked), molasses, 0.5% salt.

Cotton-seed meal, corn gluten feed, dried dis-
tillers' grains, clipped oat by-product, ground
and bolted grain and flax seed screenings, al-
falfa meal, molasses.

Corn, alfalfa meal, clipped oat by-product, mo-
lasses.

26

The Bulletin

MIXED FEEDS CON

O .

Brand Name from

Manufacturer or

Retailer

a
o

Si

<U 1

> a)

Label

Wholesaler

C3-3

Po

a u

'C OS

1094

Sucrene Dairy Feed

American Milling Co.,
Peoria, 111.

J. H. Culbreth Co., Fay-
etteville.

Nov.

24, '16

100

S 1.90

1215

do

....do

J. D. Earle Feed Co.,
Asheville.

Feb.

17, '17

100

1.90

1242

....do

American Milling Co.,
Peoria, III.

M. J. Best & Sons, Golds-
boro.

Feb.

28, '17

100

2.25

1263

. do

American Milling Co.,
Peoria, 111.

J. H. Culbreth Co., Fay-
etteville.

Mar.

6, '17

100

2.15

1464

Colonial Horse and Mule
Feed.

Colonial Cereal Co., Nor-
folk, Va.

Landis Grocery Co., Hen-
derson.

May

23, '17

100

2.80

1474

do .. .

....do

Weldon Grocery Co., Wel-
don.

May

24, '17

100

2.75

1481a

do

....do

Surry-Wilkes-Yadkin Sup-
ply Co., Elkin.

June

7, '17

100

*52.85

1481

do

. do .

....do

May
May

3, '17
23, '17

100
100

2.75

1469

Corno Sweet Feed..

Corno Mills, St. Louis, Mo.

Littleton Feed and Gro-

2.75

cery Co., Littleton.

1097

Capital Horse and Mule
Feed.

Raleigh Grain and Milling
Co., Raleigh, N. C.

A. E. Rankin Co., Fay-
etteville.

Nov.

24, '16

100

2.00

1267

. do...

....do

L. H. Caldwell, Lumber-
ton.

Mar.

7, '17

100

2.50

1298

....do..

....do....

J. R. Turrentine, Wilming-
ton.

Mar.

9, '17

100

2.00

1501

Capital Dairy Feed

....do...

-A. I. Kaplan, Raleigh

June

15. '17

100

1514

do

... do....

....do....

June 27, '17
Feb. 28, '17

100
100

1248

Gem Sweet Feed

Edgar Morgan Co., Mem-
phis, Tenn.

H. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro...

2.15

1240

Nutri-Laden Horse and
Mule Feed.

Farmers Cotton Oil Co.,
Wilson, N. C.

B. G. Thompson & Son,
Goldsboro.

Feb.

28, '17

100

2.25

1414

....do

....do

Peacock Grocery Co., Wil-
son.
H. C. Edwards, Goldsboro.

B. G. Thompson & Son,
Goldsboro.

Mar.
Mar.
Mar.

14. '17
28, '17

28, '17

100
100
100

2.20

1429

do

....do

2.35

1241

Nutri-Laden Cattle Feed

,...do

2.25

1404

Black Mule Molasses
Feed.

J. T. Gibbons, New Or-
leans, La.

C. L. Spencer, New Bern..

Mar.

13, '17

100

2.00

1405

Besto Molasses Feed

do

do

Mar.
June

13, '17
19, '17

100
100

2.25

1503

....do

....do

G. C. Lovill, Mount Airy..

2.60

1237

Hunter Horse and Mule
Feed.

Grain Belt Mills Co., St.
Joseph, Mo.

Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

Feb.

27, '17

100

2.30

1251

....do

....do

H. L. Bizzell. Goldsboro...

Feb.

28, '17

100

2.25

1145

Mascot Horse and Mule
Feed.

Golden Grain Milling Co.,
St. Louis, Mo.

Merchants and Farmers
Supply Co., Charlotte.

Dec.

14, '16

100

2.10

1206

Ben Hur Horse and Mule
Feed.

... do

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Asheville.

Feb.

16, '17

100

2.35

*Per ton.

The Bulletin

27

TAINING MOLASSES— Continued

>>

Vxs

&

d

>>

CI

a

(0

O

b

1.

o y

a

o

a

h

a

■4J

03
0.

si

J}'
PM

Ingredients Guaranteed

2^

2
(3

IS.

1

CQ

5

1

s

f Guaranteed.

16.5

3.5

a

12 0

Molasses, cotton-seed meal, corn gluten feed,

1094

\^ Found

18.0

1.5

5.7

2.2

12.8

.8

ground and bolted grain screenings, clipped oat
by-product, distillers' dried grains and salt.

1215

Guaranteed-

16.5

3.5

12.0

Found

21.5

6.0

6.0

2.5

12.9

.9

do.

1242

Guaranteed.

16.5

3.5

14.0

Found

20.4

3.9

a.2

2.7

14.4

.4

1263

Guaranteed.

16.5

3.5

14.0

Found

20.2

3.7

5.9

2.4

10.0

— 4.0

1464

Guaranteed-

9.0

2.0

13.0

Crushed corn, oats, alfalfa meal, mill by-products.

Found

10.9

1.9

2.0

.0

13.6

.6

molasses, salt, grain screenings.

1474

Guaranteed.

9.0

2.0

13.0

'

Found

11.4

2.4

2.3

.3

14.8

1.8 do.

1481o

Guaranteed.

9.0

2.0

13.0

Found --

9.0

.0

2.3

.3

13.2

.2

do.

1481

Guaranteed.

9.0

2.0

13.0

Found

9.4

.4

2.0

.0

12.0

— 1.0

do.

1469

Guaranteed.

10.0

2.5

15.0

Whole oats fcrushed), ground choice alfalfa, cracked

Found

10.7

.7

2.5

.0

10.8

— 4.2

corn, molasses.

1097

Guaranteed.

10.0

2.8

12.0

Cracked corn, oats, ground grain screenings, al-

(^ Found

8.6

— 1.4

1.7

— 1.1

11.0

— 1.0

falfa meal, molasses, salt.

1267

Guaranteed-

10.0

2.8

12.0

Found

8.7

- 1.3

1.6

— 1.4

11.6

— .4

do.

1298

Guaranteed.

10.0

2.8

12.0

Found

10.1

.1

2.8

.0

15.6

3.6

do.

1501

Guaranteed.

16.0

3.0

15.0

lAlfalfa meal, ground grain screenings, cotton-seed

Found

7.2

-8.8

1.2

— 1.8

22.7

7.7j meal, molasses, salt, dried distillers' grains.

1514

Guaranteed.

16.0

3.0

15.0

Alfalfa meal, ground grain screenings, cotton-seed

Found

7.8

- 8.2

1 3

— 1.7

20.7

5.7

meal, salt, dried distillers' grains.

1248

Guaranteed.

20.0

4.0

15.0

Alfalfa meal, brewers' grain, wheat bran, cotton-

Found .-

21.0

1.0

3.6

— .4

13.2

— 2.8

seed meal, gluten feed, cane molasses.

1240

Guaranteed.

10.0

2.5

10.0

Found

11.2

1.2

3.0

.5

13.9

3. 9, Alfalfa, oats, corn, molasses, C. S. meal, salt.

1414

Guaranteed.

10.0

2.5

10.0

Found

12.3

- 2.3

2.7

.2

15.7

5.7

do.

1429

Guaranteed.

10.0

2.5

10.0

Found..

12.1

2.1

2.9

.4

13.7

3.7

do.

1241

Guaranteed.

15.0

3.0

20.0

Found

13.4

— 1.6

2.0

— 1.0

19.0

1.0

C. S. meal, C. S. hulls, molasses, salt.

1404

j Guaranteed.

9.0

2.5

12.0

Corn, oats, alfalfa, rice bran, brewers' grains, oat

Found.

8.6

— .4

4.1

1.6

17.8

5.8

clippings, salt, molasses.

i
1405

Guaranteed.

10.0

3.5

12.0

Crushed oats, cracked corn, salt, alfalfa meaU

Found

9.0

— 1.0

2.6

— .9

14.2

2.2 molasses, bran.

1503

Guaranteed.

10.0

3.5

12.0

1 Found

10.1

.1

2.3

— 1.2

11.9

— .1

do.

1237

( Guaranteed.

9.0

2.0

14.0

\ Found

10.5

1.5

2.0

.0

9.7

— 4.3

Corn, oats, alfalfa meal, mola,sses, salt.

1251

( Guaranteed.

9.0

2.0

14.0

\ Found

10.6

1.6

2.7

.7

9.7

-4.3

do.

1145 '

j Guaranteed.

9.0

1.5

14.0

1 Found

11.2

2.2

2.8

1.3

13.8

.2

do.

1206

( Guaranteed.

10.0

2.0

12.0

\^ Found

10.7

.7

2.4

.4

9.1

— 2.1

do.

28

The Bulletin

MIXED FEEDS

CON

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a
o ■♦^

^2

•Shn

1^ Q

as

1254

Puritan Horse and Mule
Feed.

Golden Grain Milling Co.,
St. Louis, Mo.

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Fayetteville.

Mar. 6, '17

100

S 2.25

1299

Golden Grain Horse and
Mule Feed.

-..-do

Worth & Co., VVilmington--

Mar. 9, '17

100

2.40

1207

International Jewel
Dairy Feed.

International Sugar Feed
No. 2 Co., Memphis.

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Asheville.

Feb. 16, '17

100

1.90

151^

....do

...-do-

Wayne Distributing Co.,
Goldsboro.

June 26, '17

100

*37.00

1513

... do. .

....do

....do....

June 26, '17
Sept. 26, '17

1526

Dan Patch Horse Feed..

....do.- ._ ..

Asheville Grocery Co.,
Asheville.

100

*51.00

1527

Arrow Horse Feed

-...do

.. do ...

Sept. 26, '17
Mar. 9, '17

100
100

*46.00

1286

Peck's Mule Feed with

Illinois Feed Mills, St.

McNair & Pearsall, Wil-

2.35

Molasses.

Louis, Mo.

mington.

1480

Little Jo Horse Feed

Just Mills, Nashville,
Tenn.

W. J. Snow, Elkin

Mar. 31, '17

100

2.90

1456

Bully Mule Feed

....do .. ..

E. H. & L. V. Lawrence,
Durham.

May 22, '17

100

2.60

1507

....do

....do -.

Mount Airy Feed Store,
Mount Airy.

June 19, '17

100

2.50

1225

Crescent Molasses Feed..

George B. Matthews &
Sons, New Orleans, La.

Slayden-Fakes Co., Bry-
son City.

Feb. 20, '17

100

2.25

1201

Jockey Horse and Mule
Feed.

Marco Mills, Pine Bluff,
Ark.

Asheville Grocery Co.,
Asheville.

Feb. 15, '17

100

2.10

1?00

Marco Feed

....do

....do

Feb. 15, '17
Mar. 8, '17

100
100

2.25

1276

Diamond "C" Feed

National Oats Co., St.

J. W, Brooks, Wilmington.

2.25

Louis, Mo.

1180

Nutro Sweet Feed

....do...

H. W. Little & Co., Wades-
boro.

Jan. 31, '17

100

2.25

1470

....do

Littleton Feed and Gro-
cery Co., Littleton.

May 23, '17

100

2.65

1496

....do

. ..do -

Southern Grocery Co.,

June 5, '17

100

3.00

Durham.

1408

Best Yet Molasses Feed..

National Milling Co.,
Macon, Ga.

T. P. Ashford, New Bern..

Mar. 13, '17

100

2.00

1471

Cornless Horse and Mule
Feed.

Norfolk Alfalfa Feed Mill-
ing Co., Norfolk, Va.

S. J. Stallings, Littleton

May 23, '17

100

2,75

1477

....do

....do

Weldon Grocery Co., Wel-
don.

May 24, '17

100

2.75

1437

Millbank Dairy Feed

Norfolk Feed Milling Co.,
Norfolk, Va.

Sanford Grocery and Pro-
vision Co., Sanford.

May 3, '17

100

2.75

1255

....do

....do

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Fayetteville.

Mar. 6, '17

100

1.90

1438

Diamond Horse and
Mule Feed.

....do

Sanford Grain and Prov.
Co., Sanford.

May 3, '17

100

2.75

*Per ton.

The Bulletin

29

TAINING MOLASSES— Continued

2^
^1

1254
1299
1207
1512
1513
1526
1527
1286
1480

1456

1507
1225
1201
1200
1276
1180
1470
1496
1408

1471

1477

1437

1255
1438

s °

f Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed,

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.
Found

f Guaranteed.
\ Found _

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed,

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found-

Guaranteed.
Found

Guaranteed.
Found

Guaranteed.
Found _.

I Guaranteed-
\ Found

Guaranteed.
Found

Guaranteed.
Found-

O t-
u <u

9.0

12.3
9.0

10.7
9.0
9.0
9.0
8.8
9.0
8.8
9.0

12.5
9.0

10.5
9.0

10.3
9.0

11.0

10.0
9.6

10.0
9.3

11.0

10.5
9.8
6.9

10.5
9.9
9.0
9.1
9.0
8.5

10.0
9.1

10.0
9.4
9.0

10.1

3.3

1.7

— .2

11.0
10.6

11.0
9.5

12.5

9.8

12. 5
M.l

10.0

7.6

.2

3.5

1.5

1.3

2.5

— .4

— .5

2.9

.6

.5

— .9

— .6

1.1

— .4

— 1.5

— 1.4

2.4

U

03

1.5

2.1

2.0

2.4

2.0

1.4

2.0

1.6

2.0

1.6

2.3

2.9

1.0

1

1.5

1.9

1.5

1.9

3.0

4.3

3.0
3.6
3.5

4.7

2.5!

1

3.0

2.7

a

0,

— .4

2

2

2

2

2

1

2

2.1

1.5

1.6

3.0
3.4

3.0
1.6

3.0

1.0

3.0
2.2

2.5

1.0

.4

1.3

.6
1.2

■ .6

■ .3
.2
.3
.1
.1
.1

.4

1.4

— 2.0

— 1.5

O

Ph

14.0
20.5
14.0
10.8
12.5
15.2
12.5
18.1
12.5
17.8
12.5
10.3
15.0
16.0
15.0
16 1
17.0
17.8

20.0
22.7

20.0
23.1
12.0
15.4
15.0
15.6
10.0
13.8
15.0
13.5
15.0
15.1
19.0
15.8
19.0
14.4
16.0
19.2

13.0
18.0

13.0
21.0

a

C3

6.5
- 4.2
2.7
5.6
5.3
2.2
1.0
1.1
.8

2.7

3.1
3.4

.6
3.8
1.5

.1
3.2
4.6
3.2

Ingredients Guaranteed

Corn, oats, alfalfa meal, molatses, salt,

do.

Cracked corn, alfalfa meal, clipped oats by-prod-
uct, molasses, cotton-seed meal, salt.

do.
do.

Cracked corn, oats, ground alfalfa, molasses, salt.

do.
Cracked corn, oats, alfalfa meal, brewers' dried
grains, palmo meal (peanut nieats, palm oil,
peanut hulls), molasses, salt.

do.
Corn, oats, alfalfa meal, cotton-seed meal, rice
bran, grain screenings, molasses, salt.

Corn, oats, alfalfa, ground hay, molasses.

Cracked corn, oats, alfalfa meal, molasses.
Ground alfalfa, cracked corn, oat feed, molasses,
ground grain screenings.

do.
do.
do.

20.0
12.6

20.0
19.4

13.0
13.7

— 7.4

5.0
8.0

Ground corn, oats, alfalfa hay, cane mloasses.

Ground velvet beans and hulls, alfalfa meal, oat-
meal mill by-product (oat middlings, oat shorts,
oat hulls), molasses, salt, ground grain screenings.

do.

Cotton-seed n.eal, forn meal, alfalfa meal, oat-
meal mill by-product (oat middlings, oat shorts,
and oat hulls), ground grain screenings, molasses,
salt.

do.
Cracked corn, rolled oats, alfalfa meal, molasses,
cotton-seed meal, oatmeal mill by-product (oat
middlings, oat shorts, oat hulls), salt.

30

The Bulletin

•

MIXED FEEDS

CON

II

0^ L

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

Date of
Collection

6'z

Price of
Package

1467

Westover Horse and
Mule Feed.

Norfolk Feed Millicg Co.,
Norfolk, Va.

Vance Grocery Co., Hen-
derson.

May 23, '17

100

S 2.80

1289.

Nutriline Stock Feed

Nutriline Milling Co., Ltd.,

McNair & Pearsall, Wil-

Mar. 9, '17 100

2.15

Crowley, La.

mington.

1086

do

do...

Red Springs Trading Co.,
Red Springs.

Nov. 23, '16

100

2.25

1087

Momylk Dairy Feed

do

. do. ..

do .

Nov. 23, '16

ion

2.25

1290

i...do

McNair & Pearsall, Wil-
mington.

Mar. 9, '17

100

2.15

1282

Perfection Horse Feed

Omaha Alfalfa Milling
Co., Omaha, Neb.

B. F. Mitchell, Wilmington.

Mar. 9, '17

100

2.40

1295

Southern Mule Feed

Purina Mills, St. Louis,

Mo.
M. C. Peters Mill Co.,

Omaha, Neb.

S. P. McNair, Wilmington.

Mar. 9, '17

100

2.15

1279

Arab Horse Feed

D. L. Gore Co., Wilmington

Mar. 9, '17

100

2.10

1?,17

Re-Peter Horse Feed--.

....do_

J. D. Earle Feed Co.,
Asheville.

Feb. 17, '17

100

2.25

1213

Rabbit Mule Feed

... do- ..

- do ..

Feb. 17, '17
June 19, '17

100
100

2.10

1505

Big Mule Molasses Feed..

Quaker Oats Co., Chicago,

The West-Hill Co., Mount

2.60

111.

Airy.

1?74

Mascot Feed

Southern Feed Co., Inc.,
Newport News, Va.

J. T. Ginn Grocery Co.,
Gcldsboro.

June 28, '17

100

2.20

1260

do

. do

Tile Armfield Co., Fay-
etteville.

Mar. 6, '17i 100

2.00

1417

Full Pail Dairy Feed ....

....do

Wells Grocery Co., Wilson.

Mar. 14, '17 100

2.00

1493

Supreme Horse and Mule

Virginia Feed Milling Co.,

Southern Grocery Co.,

June 5, '17| 100

2.75

•

Feed.

Alexandria, Va.

Durham.

COTTON-SEED FEED AND

t

si

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

o

" o

O 4)

&6

a"

Price of
Package

1300

Cotton Seed Feed

American Feed Milling

Co., Asheville.
....do

Atlanta Cotton Oil Co.,
Atlanta, Ga.

F. W. Brod6&Co., Mem-
phis, Tenn.

Buckeye Cotton Oil Co.,
Cincinnati, 0. (Char-
lotte, N. C. Mill).

Slayden-Fakes Co., Bry-
son City.

W. H. McClure, Hazel-
wood

Wofford-Tcrrell Co., Mur-
Phy.

Asheville Grocery Co.,
-Asheville.

Peeler Company, Salis-
bury

Feb. 20,
Jan. 17,
Feb. 19,
Feb. 15,
Dec. 15,

'17
'17
'17
'16

100
100
100
100
100

1 2.20

1179
1198

....do

do

*42.00
2.15

1194
1159

Jay Brand Cotton Seed

Feed.
Buckeye Standard Cotton

Seed Feed.

2.15
2.30

•Per ton.

The Bulletin

31

TAINING MOLASSES— Continued

9. B

1467

1289
1086
1087
1290
1282
1295
1297
1217
1213
1505
1247
1260
1417
1493

S o

C 03

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.

Found

Guaranteed.
Found

2 a;
O t<

a

03

o,

10.0

8.2

9.0
11.7

9.0
12.6
14.0
14.6
12.0
14.9
10.0
11.3

9.0

9.7
10.0
11.4
10.0
10.4

9.0
12.5
10.0
11.4
10.0
11.0
10.0
10.4
12.5
14.8
12.0
II. 0— 1.0

1.

2.7

3.6

0.6

2.9

1.3

1.4

.4

3.5

1.4

1.0

2.3

ci
(^

2.5
1.1
3.0
6.9
3.0
8.1
3.5
7.4
3.0
9.4
2.0
2.5
2.5
4.1
2.0
2.3
1.5
2.3
1.5
1.7
2.5
2.7
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.7
2.5
1.9
3.0
2.0

d

03

a

O

I

1.5

3.9

5.1

3.9

6.4

.5

1.6

.3

.8

.2

.2

.3

.7

.6

10

13.0
9.3
12.0
13.8
12.0
11.3
12.0
16.1
12.0
14.5
12.0
12.4
17.0
22.5
15.0
11.2
18.0
13.5
18.0
16.6
15.0
14.4
15.0
18.5
15.0
15.6
15.0
14.7
10.0
13 0

a
a

3.7
1

.7
4.1
2.5

.4
5.5
3.8
4.5
1.4

.6
3.5

.6

.3
3.0

Ingredients Guaranteed

Cracked corn, rolled oats, alfalfa meal, molasses,

salt.
Corn, Kaffir corn, alfalfa, cotton-seed meal, rice

bran, molasses, salt.

do.
Cotton-seed meal, rice bran, rice polish, corn, al-
falfa, molasses, salt

Cotton-seed meal, rice bran, alfalfa, molasses.

Corn, oats, alfalfa meal, molasses.
Cracked corn, oats, molasses, clipped oat by-
product, palmo meal, dried brewers' grains, salt.

Cracked corn, whole oats, alfalfa meal, molasses.

Corn, oats, alfalfa, molasses.

do.

Alfalfa, corn, molasses, peanut skins and hulls.

do.
Cotton-seed meal, wheat bran, oat by-product,

corn meal, molasses.
Cracked corn, rolled oats, alfalfa meal, malt

sprouts, molasses, salt.

COTTON-SEED MEAL

1.

3l

1^

gi2

4d
o u

1

0]

p.

5

4^

d
a)

O
u

ID

Ph

i

a

C3

1

P

c
O

o

a

a

O

.2
P

Ingredients Guaranteed

1300

f Guaranteed..

\ Found

1 Guaranteed..

\ Found

1 Guaranteed..

1 Found

[ Guaranteed..

1 Found

1 Guaranteed..
[ Found

36.0
37.0
36.0
35.4
36.0
33.3
36.0
34.2
36.0
33.0

1.0

— .6

— 2.7
-1.8

— 3.0

6.0

10.0

Cotton-seed meal and cotton-seed hulls

1
1179

1198

1194

1159

5.0
6.9
5.0
6.1
5.0
5.8
6.5
5.7

1.9

1.1

.8

— .8

12.0
10.5
12.0
13.4
14.0
14.4
12.0
13.5

1.5

1.4

.4

1.5

do.
do.
do.
do.

32

The Bulletin

COTTON-SEED FEED AND

1-12;

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a
.g.2

Co

P- M

0"o

PhPm

1181

Buckeye Standard Cotton
Seed Meal.

Buckeye Cotton Oil Co.,
Cincinnati, 0. (Char-
lotte, N. C. Mill.

H. W. Little. Wadesboro...

Jan. 31, '17

100

$ 2.25

11''?

do

....do

Farmers Supply Co., Dallas

Davidson & Wolff, Char-
lotte.

Dec. 13, '16
Dec. 12, '16

100
100

2.35

ITO

do .

....do_

2.15

130SGood Cotton Seed Feed —

Eastern Cotton Oil Co.,

Hancock & Co., Beauf ort .

Dee. 20, '16

1

1

Hertford, N. C.

1304

Cotton Seed Meal

Elba Mfg. Co., Charlotte,
N. C.

Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

Feb. 27, '17

100

2.30

ins

do

do . .

J. P. Green, Mocksville

J. D. Earle Feed Co.,
Asheville.

Dec. 7, '16
Feb. 17, '17

100
100

1.85

llOfi

Cotton Seed Feed ..

Home Oil Mill, Decatur,
Ala.

2.10

117S

do

.-.:d»...

W. H. McClure, Hazel-
wood.

Jan. 17, '17

100*42.00

1489

....do..

H. N. Johnson, Athens,

Ga.
Kershaw Oil Mill, Ker-

Pearson Bros., Wilkesboro.

June 1, '17

100

3.25

1301

Kershaw Cotton Seed

Shuping & Poteat, Mor-

Feb. 2, "17

100

2.40

Feed.

shaw, S. C.

ganton.

1161

Kershaw Cotton Seed
Meal.

....do

Overman & Co., Salisbury.

Dec. 15, '16

100

2.30

1339

Leco Fertilizer Brand

Lenoir Oil and Ice Co.,

Davison Bros, Kinston

Mar. 28, '17

100

2.25

Cotton Seed Feed.

Kinston, N. C.

1321

....do.....

....do

J. P. Waters, LaGrange

Mar. 21. '17

♦40.25

1403 Fertilizer Brand Cotton

New Bern Cotton Oil and

C. L. Spencer, New Bern__

Mar. 13, '17

100

2.30

Seed Feed.

Fert. Mills, New Bern,
N. C.

1 in^ '-i+'a"'-l«»-'^ CiriAa r^r\^ + r\n

Newton County Oil Mills,
Covington, Ga.

Dickey Feed Co., Murphy.

Dec. 1, '16

Seed Meal.

1520

Pop Cotton Products Co .

American Feed Milling Co.,

100

*48.25

Seed Feed.

Memphis, Tenn.

Asheville.

1330l Fertilizer Brand Cotton

Raleigh Cotton Oil Co.,

Lyon-Winston Co., Oxford.

Mar. 23, '17

100

2.40

1 Seed Meal.

Raleigh, N. C.

15 03

Star P'prl ili7pr "RranH Oni-

do

W. A. Myatt, Raleigh

ton Seed Feed.

118^

do

do

....do

May 19-, '17
May 19, '17
Feb. 21, '17

1184

do

do

....do

1309

Pnftnn Sned Feed

Robeson Mfg. Co., Lum-
berton, N. C.

R. C. Oliver, Marietta

1311
1312
1193

do

do

M. A. Canady, Hope Mills

Feb. 28, '17
Feb. 28, '17
Feb. 13, '17

do

. do

.lesse Horner, Hope Mills..

D. S. Hall, Fayetteville,
R. 8.

do

do

1163

Ho

Scott Brokerage and Com.
Co., Charlotte, N. C.

City Feed Co., Hickory

.

1174

do

do

Shaping & Poteat, Mor-
ganton.

Dec. 20, '16

100

2.20

•Per ton.

The Bulletin

33

COTTON-SEED MEAL— Continued

Is

Guaranteed
and Found

«3

1

5

4A
a

O

u

a

03

a

03

5

I

>>

d
d

&

CO

5

Ingredients Guaranteed

' Guaranteed-.

36.0

6.5

12.0

^ Found

33.3

— 2.7

5.7

— .8

13.3

1.3

Cotton-seed meal and ootton-seed hulls.

1123 <

' Guaranteed..

36.0

6.5

12.0

Found

34.7

— 1.3

6.1

— .4

,12.1

.1

do.

Guaranteed..

36.0

6.5

12.0

' Found

37.5

1.5

6.4

— .1

10.3

— 1.7

do.

11AC i

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

12.0

Found

Guaranteed..

34.0
38.6

- 2.0

do.

6.0

10.0

Found

Guaranteed..

37.8

— .8

do.

1158<

38.6

Found

40.0 1.4

7.4

9.0

do.

I 10A i

Guaranteed..

36.0

12.0

Found

37.5

1.5

8.0

10.5

1.5

do.

1178 <

Guaranteed..

' 36,0

12.0

Found

34.0

— 2.0

7.4

11.9

— .1

do.

t.lflO i

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.5

15.0

Found

33.7

-2.3

5.5

.0

12.0

— 3.0

do.

\

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

12.0

Found -

Guaranteed-.

37.3
38.6

1.3

do.

116K

Found

Guaranteed..

36.9
31.5

- 1.7

._

6.5

14.0

Found

Guaranteed.-

30.0
31.5

-1.5

Cotton-seed meal and cotton-seed hulls.

1^01 i

6.5

14.1

Found

Guaranteed--

33.2
36.0

1.7

do.

\±(\'i.' t

5.0

~

12.5

j^ Found

34.4

— 1.6

6.4

1.4

11.9

— .6

do.

1105 <

' Guaranteed. -

38.6

Found

32.1

— 6.5

5.6

IS.l

Guaranteed. -

36.0

6.0

14.0

1
1 QQfl i

Found--

Guaranteed..

35.1
36.0

— .9

5.8

.8

11.2

2.8

Cotton-seed meal and cotton-seed hulls.

Found

Guaranteed. -

34.5— 1.5

do.

36.0

Found

Guaranteed- -

33.3
36.0

— 2.7

do.

1183'<

5.0

12.5

Found

32.5

— 3.5

6.3

1.3

14.0

1.5

do.

1184<

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

12.5

Found

35.0

— 1.0

6.4

1.4

11.7

— .8

do.

1 9f»o'^

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

12.0

, Found

Guaranteed..

32.2
36.0

— 3.8

do.

131K

5.0

12.0

Found

Guaranteed. -

34.0
36.0

— 2.0

do.

1Q10 ^

5.0

12.0

Found

Guaranteed..

33.2
36.0

— 2.8

do.

1193<

5.0

12.0

i Found

34.0

2.0

6.7

1.7 13.5

1.5

do.

i

1163

1

Guaranteed-.

36.0

6.5

12.0

^ Found

30.4

— 5.6

5.3— 1.2

14.6

2.6

do.

,,,, / Guaranteed..

36.0

6.5

12.0

^ Found

3

35.1

— .9

6.1

- .4

12.7

.7

do.

34

The Bulletin

COTTON-SEED FEED AND

IS

1175
1074
1079
1122
1169
1160
1188
1083
1186
1188
1189
1190
1191
1310
1313
1307
1306
1316
1173
1195
1103
1168
1176
1199
1305
1185
1129

Brand Name from
Label

Cotton Seed Feed.

...do

...do

....do

Seven Per Cent Cotton

Seed Feed.
Scoco Cotton Seed Feed.

....do

....do

....do

....do

do

....do.

....do ,

....do

-...do

....do

....do...

....do

Cotton Seed Feed.

....do

....do ,

...do.
...do.
...do.
...do.
....do.

Number 7 Cotton Seed
Feed.

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Scott Brokerage and Com.

Co., Charlotte, N. C.
....do

.do.

Southern Cotton Oil Co.,

Charlotte, N. C.
....do...

.do.
.do.

Southern Cotton Oil Co.,

Fayetteville, N. C.
....do

.do

.do

.do..

.do

-do

.do.

Southern Cotton Oil Co.,

Goldsboro, N. C.
....do

Southern Cotton Oil Co.,

Wilson. N. C.
Swift & Co. Oil Mill,

Columbia, S. C.
....do

Taylor Commission Co.,

Atlanta, Ga.
....do

.do.
.do.
.do.

Tar River Oil Co., Tar-

boro, N. C.
Union Seed and Fertilizer

Co., Raleigh, N. C.

Retailer

VV. H. McClure, Hazel-
wood.
Hyatt & Co., Waynesville

Iredell Farmers' Union
Whse. Co., Statesville.

Farmers Supply Co.,
Dallas.

.J. O. Plott, Canton

Overman Company, Salis-
bury.

J. P. Shaw, Laurinburg,
R. 2.

A. E. Rankin Co., Fay-
etteville.

R. B. Evans, Fayetteville .

W. H. Marsh, Alderman

D. S. Hall, Fayetteville,
R. 8.

F. A. Marsh, Fayetteville,
R. 8.

Marsh & Purdis, Fayette-
ville.

Jasper Waters, St. Paul,
R. 4.

J. W. Cashwell, Hope
Mills, R. 2.

M. J. Best & Sons, Golds-
boro.

B. G. Thompson, Golds-
boro.

Wells Grocery Co., Wilson .

Shuping & Poteat, Mor-

ganton.
Adams Grain and Prov.

Co., Asheville.
Savage & Bros., Murphy ..

Smathers Grocery Co.,
Canton.
..do

Savage «fe Bros., Murphy ..

Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

Bragaw & Co., Washing-
ton.

Cochran & McGlauchlin
Co., Charlotte.

a

Feb. 27, '17
Oct. 23, '16
Nov. 17, '16
Dec. 13, '16
Dec. 19, '16
Dec. 15, '16
Jan. 1,'17
Nov. 24, '16
Jan. 27, '17
Feb. 13, '17
Feb. 13, '17
Feb. 13, '17
Feb. 13, '17
Feb. 22, '17
Feb. 28, '17
Feb. 28, '17
Feb. 28, '17
Mar. 14, '17
Dec. 20, '16
Feb. 16, '17
Dec. 1, '16
Dec. 19. '16
Dec. 26, '16
Feb. 19. '17
Feb. 27, '17
Jan. 27, '17
Dec. 12. '16

.£f5

5= So
■V "

S d
o o

100
100
100
100
100
100

100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

'40.00

2.20

2.25

'41 .00

2.30

2.25

2.20
2.20
2.50
2.20
2.10

■38.00

•41 .80

2.25

2.20

.15

•Per ton.

The Bulletin

35

COTTON-SEED

MEAL— Continued

o c

a o

1

03

a

a

d

6

>>

g

OS

a

i

s

d
O

XI

a
a
o.

.3
Q

Ingredients Guaranteed

1175

f Guaranteed..

36.0

6.5

12.0

1 Found

33.8

— 2.2

5.9

— .6

12.9

.9

Cotton-seed

meal and cotton-seed hulls.

1074

Guaranteed..

36.0

■ 6.5

12.0

1 Found

33.4

— 2.6

6.2

— .3

13.7

1.7

do.

1079

1

1 Guaranteed..

36,0

6.5

12.0

1 Found

32.4

— 3.6

6.2

— .3

14.0

2.0

do.

1122^

Guaranteed..

33.0

5.5

16.0

Found —

31.4

— 1.6

6.3

.8

14.0

- 6.0

do.

1169

1

Guaranteed..

36.0

6.0

15.0

Found-

35.3

— .7

6.5

.5

10.7

-4.3

do.

I
1160

Guaranteed..

36.0

6.0

12.0

Found-

33.0

— 3.0

6.5

.5

12.9

.9

do.

1187

Guaranteed..

36.0

5,0

12.5

Found

35.2

— .8

6.5

1.5

11.9

— .6

do.

1083

Guaranteed- -

36.0

5.0

12.5

Found..

34.6

— 1.4

7.4

2.4

10.8

— 1.7

do.

'

1186

Guaranteed- -

36.0

5.0

12.5

Found

33.0

— 3.0

6.9

1.9

12.5

.0

do.

1188

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

12.5

Found

34.7

— 1.3

6.9

1.9

11.3

— 1.2

do.

1189,

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

12.5

Found

36.5

.5

7.7

2.7

10.0

— 2.5

do.

1190

j Guaranteed..

36,0

5.0

12.5

Found

34.7

— 1.3

6.6

1.6

11.3

— 1.2

do.

1191

1

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

12.5

Found-

33.5

— 2.5

6.7

1.7

11.8

— .7

do.

1310

Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

12.5

\ Found

f Guaranteed..

33.3
36.0

— 2.7

do.

1313

5.0

12.5

1 Found

( Guaranteed..

32.7
36.0

— 3.3

do.

1307

5.0

12.5

1 Found.-

1 Guaranteed--

35.3
36.0

— .7

do.

1306

5.0

12.5

\ Found

( Guaranteed- -

34.3
36.0

— .7

do.

1316

5.0

12.5

1 Found

( Guaranteed..

32.7
36.0

— 3.3

do.

1173

5.0

12.0

1 Found ._

37.3

1.3

7.0

2.0

14.1

2.1

do.

1195

f Guaranteed..

36.0

5,0

1,2.0

1 Found

35.3

— .7

5.5

.5

12.9

.9

do.

1103

j Guaranteed..

36.0

5.5

14.0

\ Found

35.0

— 1.0

6.7

1.2

11.0

— 3.0

do.

1168

f Guaranteed..

36.0

5.5

14.0

1^ Found

33.4

— 2.6

7.2

1.7

13.3

.7

do.

1176

j Guaranteed..

36.0

5.5

14.0

1 Found

37.3

1.3

7.1

1.6

14. li .1

do.

1199

1 Guaranteed- -

36.0

5.5

14.0

\ Found

37.4

1.4

6.7

1.2

10.9

3.1

do.

1305

j Guaranteed..

36.0

6.5

14.0

1^ Found

34.. 1

— 1.9

do.

1185

\ Guaranteed..

36.0

5.0

13.0

\ Found

35.6

— .4

7.2

2.2

12.2

— .8

do.

1129

j Guaranteed-.

36.0

5.5

14.0

\ Found

32.5

— 3.5

6 6

1.1

13.0

1.0

do;

36

The Bulletin

COTTON-SEED FEED AND

s s

1130
1192
1302

Brand Name from
Label

Number 7 Cotton Seed

Feed,
-...do

-do.

1314|....do

1264 Buco Cotton Seed Feed.

1402L...do

j

1497 ...-do

1075
1082
1102

--.do.
....do.
-...do-

1108' do-

1109
1148
1149

-.-do.
....do.
....do.

1150 --.-do.
1151 do-

1121
1125

....do
...-do.

1124' do

1127; do.

1081

1152
1249
1268

Creamo Brand Cotton

Seed Feed.
do

do

do

1277!. ...do

12801. ..-do

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Union Seed and Fertilizer
Co., Raleigh, N. C.

Union Seed and Fertilizer
Co., Wilmington, N. C.
..do

.do.

Buckeye Cotton Oil Co.,

Cincinnati, O.
....do

1287

..-.do.

-do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do

-do.

.do.

.do-

-do-

.do-

.do.

Tennessee Fiber Co., Mem-
phis, Tenn.
....do

...do..-
...do-...
...do....
...do....
-.do....

Retailer

Charles Moody Co., Char-
lotte.

H. L. Tolar, Fayetteville,
R. 8.

J. J. Page, Marietta

.D. L. Gore, Wilmington

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Fayetteville.

Center Mercantile Co.,
So. Winston-Salem.

Southside Roller Mills,
Winston-Salem.

Wofford-Fain Co., Mur-
phy.

Garrett & McNeal, Red
Springs.

Wofford-Fain Co., Mur-
phy.

Pearson Bros., No. Wilkes-
boro.

Angelo Bros., Winston-
Salem.

Harris & McNeely Co.,
Mooresville.

J. P. Green, Mocksville

W. H. Turner, Winston-
Salem.

Lapscott & TroUinger,
Burlington.

Charles Moody Co. .Char-
lotte.

R. Hope Bryson Co., Gas-
tonia.

Farmers Supply Co.,
Dallas.

Adams Gr.ain and Prov.
Co., Charlotte.

Thrower Co., Red Springs.

Merchants Supply Co.,

Burlington.
H. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro...

L. H. Caldwell, Lumber-
ton.
J. W. Brooks, Wilmington.

D. L. Gore Co., Wilmington

McNair & Pearsall, Wil-
mington.

•s^

d

^ °

T3 la

O -t^

<UM

o <u

.5 05

cafiH

OO

O^

Dec. 12, '16

100

Feb. 13, '17

100

Feb. 21, '17

100

Mar. 9, '17

100

Mar. 6, '17

100

Mar. 6, '17

100

100
100

Oct. 25, '16

Nov. 23, '16

100

Dec. 1, '16

100

Dec. 5, '16

100

Dec. 6, 16

100

Deo. 7, '16

100

Dec. 7, '16

100

Dec. 7, '16

100

Dec. 8, '16

100

Dec. 12, '16

100

Dec. 13, '16

100

Dec. 13, '16

100

Dec. 14, '16

100

Nov. 23, '16

100

Dec. 8, '16

100

Feb. 28, '17

100

Mar. 7, '17

100

Mar. 8, '17

100

Mar. 9, '17

100

Mar. 9, '17

100

03
Ui 03

Pud,

S 2.20

2.25
1.75

■28.00

1.90

2.00
1.75
2.10
1.75
1.75
1.75
2.10
1.70
1.90
1.60
2.00
1.90
1.75
2.25
1.85
1.80
1.76

•Per ton.

The Bulletin

37

COTTON-SEED

MEAL — Continued

^2

1-3

O 08

Protein,
Per Cent.

t

5

6

1

03
0.

5

4J

d

O
u

u

>.
0

a

a
2

5

Ingredients Guaranteed

1130

j Guaranteed. -

36.0

5.5

14.0

\ Found

35.9

— .1

6.9

1.4

12.1

— 1.9

Cotton-seed

meal and cotton-seed hulls.

1192

I Guaranteed..

36.0

5.5

14.0

) Found

34.2

— 1.8

6.2

.7

12.8

— 1.2

do.

1302

( Guaranteed..

36.0

5.5

14.0

\ Found

Guaranteed..

36.1
36.0

.1

do.

1314

5.5

14.0

Found

Guaranteed..

34.5
20.0

- 1.5

do.

1264

3.5

27.0

Found..

19.2

— .8

3.5

.0

23.4

-3.6

do.

1402

Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

Found. _

20.3' .3

3.4

— .1

22.5

— 4.5

do.

1497

Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

Found..

22.1 2.1

3.5

.0

21.9

— 5.1

do.

1075

Guaranteed..

20.0

- 3.5

27.0

Found

16.9

— 3.1

3.0

— .5

25:5

— 1.5

do.

1082,

Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

Found..

13.1

— 6.9

2.6

— .9

28.0

• 1.0

do.

1102

f Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

) Found

23.4

3.4

4.3

.8

20.2

— 6.8

do.

1108

( Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

\ Found

20.5

.5

3.6

.1

23.4

— 3.6

do.

1109

I Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

\ Found

19.7

— .3

3.4

— .1

23.5

— 3.5

do.

1148

f Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

\ Found

22.3

2.3

3.9

.4

27.1

.1

do.

1

11 iQ

r Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

X LtV

1 Found _

17,4

-2.6

3.0

— .5

25.9

— 1.1

do.

1150

f Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

1 Found

20.8

.8

3.8

.3

22.5

— 4.5

do.

1151

j Guaranteed..
1 Found

20.0
17.7

— 2.3

3.5
3.1

— .4

27.0
26.8

— .2

do.

1121

f Guaranteed..
1 Found

20.0
21.9

1.9

3.5
3.5

.0

27.0
22.4

— 4.6

do.

1125

f Guaranteed..

20.0

3.5

27.0

^ Found

18.3

— 1.7

3.4

— .1

24.4

— 2.6

do.

1124

( Guaranteed..
1 Found

20.0
21.6

1.6

3.5
3.9

.4

27.0
22.2

— 4.6

do.

1127

j Guaranteed..
\ Found

20.0
19.7

— .3

3.5
3.6

— .1

27.0
24.4

— 2.6

do.

1081

( Guaranteed..
1 Found

20.0
21.1

1.1

4.0
3.5

— .5

22.0
22.5

.5

do.

1152

I Guaranteed..
\ Found

20.0
18.3

— 1.7

4.0
3.3

— .7

25.0
26.0

1.0

do.

1249

( Guaranteed..
1 Found

20.0
19.9

5.0
4.0

— 1.0

22.0
23.5

1.5

do.

1268

I Guaranteed..
\ Found

20.0
21.4

1.4

5.0
3.1

— 1.9

22.0
22.8

.8

do.

1277

f Guaranteed..

20.0

4.0

25.0

(^ Found

18.8

— 1.1

3.7

— .3

23.6

1.4

do.

1280

1 Guaranteed..

20.0

4.0

25.0

\ Found

19.1

— .9

3.8

- .2

23.3

— 1.7

do.

1287

I Guaranteed..

20.0

5.0

22.0

\ Found

19.1

— .9

3.7

— 1.3

24.1

2.1

do.

38

The Bulletin

COTTON-SEED FEED AND

Brand Name fronj
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

si

.§1

S(2

1409
1104
1107

Cremo Brand Cotton

Seed Feed.
Cyclone Cotton Seed Feed

.-.do

Tennessee Fiber Co., Mem-
phis, Tenn.

Memphis Cotton Hull and
Fiber Co., Memphis, Tenn

....do

Armstrong Grocery Co.,

New Bern.
Savage & Bros., Murphy ..

S. V. Thomlinson, No.

Wilkesboro.
J. 0. Plott, Canton

Asheville Grocery Co.,

Asheville.
J. D. Earle Feed Co.,

Asheville.
J. W. Brooks, Wilmington.

B. F. Mitchell Co., Wil-
mington.

Peacock Grocery Co., Wil-
son.

Overman Company, Salis-
bury.

Mar. 13, '17
Dec. 1, '16
Dec. 5, '16
Dec. 12, '16
Feb. 15, '17
Feb. 17, '17
Mar. 8, '17
Mar. 9, '17
Mar. 14, '17
Dec. 15, '16

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

1.80
1 90

1170

... do

... do

*32 00

1203
1197
1275
i:?S3

..-do

.-.do

1.75

... do

...do

1 75

....do...

-...do

....do

1.85

....do

1 85

1411
1162

Carolina Cotton Seed Feed
Ker-Mil Dairy Feed

Farmers Cotton Oil Co.,
Wilson, N. C. ,

Kershaw Oil Mill, Ker-
shaw, S. C.

1.75
1.40

*Per ton.

VELVET BEAN PEED, PEANUT

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

Date of
Collection

.15

Oo

^ 0

Oh Hi

1269

Velvet Bean Feed...

Butler County Feed and
Milling Co., Greenville,
Ala.

Dan Joseph Co., Colum-
bus, Ga.

C. G. Hewitt, Montgomery,
Ala.

-..do

J. H. Wishart, Lumberton.

Landis Grocery Co., Hen-
derson.

American Feed Milling
Co., Asheville.

Adams Grain and Prov.
Co., Fayetteville.

L. H. Caldwell. Lumber-
ton.

McNair & Pearsall, Wil-
mington.

J. D. Earle Feed Co.,
Asheville.

Armfield Co., Fayetteville.

Pearsall & Co., Wilming-
ton.
S. P. McNair, Wilmington.

Mar. 7, '17

May 23, '17
Feb. 17, '17
Mar. 6, '17
Mar. 7, '17
Mar. 9, '17
Feb. 17, '17
Mar. 6, '17
Mar. 8. '17
Mar. 9, '17

100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

$ 2.00

1465
1218
IMfi

....do

...do

...do

1.90
1.65
1.85

1?66

-...do

. . do

2.25

IMl

Supreme Velvet Bean

Feed.
Velvet Bean Feed

do

-..do -

1.80

1214

l?fi?

McGowin-Bennett Milling
Co., Georgiana, Ala.

Peoples Cotton Oil Co.,
Selma, Ala.

....do

1.70
1.80

1272
1294

....do

1.80

....do

....do --.

1.80

The Bulletin

39

COTTON-SEED

MEAL — Continued

>>

•Si

^2

Guaranteed
and Found

Protein,
Per Cent

a
a
a

S

a
O

>>

0.

O
00

5

1
O

n
us
o.

V
CD

5

Ingredients Guaranteed

1409
1104
1107
1170
1203
1197
1275
1283
1411
1162

f Guaranteed..

\ Found

J Guaranteed..

^ Found

1 Guaranteed. -

1 Found

j Guaranteed..

) Found

j Guaranteed-.

^ Found

1 Guaranteed..

1 Found

j Guaranteed..

\ Found

j Guaranteed-.

\ Found

( Guaranteed..

1 Found

f Guaranteed..
\ Found

20.0
19.0
20.0
19.1
20.0
21.2
20.0
19.1
20.0
20.7
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.4
20.0
19.8
20.0
16.6
10.0
8.9

— 1.0

— .9
1.2

— .9
.7
.0
.4
.2

— 3.4

— 1.1

4.0
3.6
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.3
3.0
3.8
3.0
4.2
3.0
3.3
3.0
3.8
3.0
3.8
3.0
3.2
2.5
1.6

— .4
.5
.3
.8

1.2
.3
.8
.8
.2

— .9

25.0
23.2
23.0
24.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
25.6
23.0
23.6
23.0
24.6
23.0
23.2
23.0
24.1
23.0
24.1
40.0
35.6

— 1.8
1.0

.0
2.6

.6
1.6

.2
1.1
1.1

— 4.4

Cotton-seed meal and cotton-seed hulls,
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

MEAL AND PEANUT FEED

E?

--2
1^

rl«

§

0,

4^
a

<U

U

o.

O

1

Ingredients Guaranteed

o3

■So

5

5

u
XI

CO

5

1269

j Guaranteed..

18.0

4.3

14.0

Velvet beans ground in the pod (hull and beans

\ Found

17.4

— .6

4.3

.0

12.3

— 1.7

ground together).

1465

f Guaranteed..

19.0

4.5

12.0

1 Found

17.6

— 1.4

4.5

.0

12.4

.4

do.

1218

1

f Guaranteed..

18.0

4.5

15.0

\ Found—

18.9

.9

5.6

1.1

9.6

— 5.4

do.

1
1256

j Guaranteed..

18.0

4.5

15.0

1^ Found

19.5

1.5

5.0

.5

10.1

— 4.9

do.

1266'

\ Guaranteed..

18.0

4.5

15.0

\ Found -

18.3

.3

4.8

.3

10.9

— 4.1

do.

1291

1

j Guaranteed..

18.0

4.5

15.0

\ Found.- -

17.3

— .7

4.3

— .2

12.2

— 2.8

do.

1
1214

j Guaranteed..

17.3

4.3

14.0

\ Found

18.5

1.2

4.7

.4

11.3

— 2.7

do.

1262

1 Guaranteed..

17.0

4.5

14.1

\ Found -.

17.6

.6

4.5

.0

12.7

— 1.4

do.

jo-o / Guaranteed..
\ Found--

17.0

4.5

14.1

17.6

.6

4.6

.1

12.6

— 1.5

do.

190^/^"^''^°*^^*^-

17.0

4.5

14.1

1

\ Found

17.3

.3

4.5

.0

12 8

— 1.3

do.

40

The Bulletin

VELVET BEAN FEED, PEANUT

o =

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

Po

•On

.£f3

1?<»7

Velvet Bean Feed-

Peoples Cotton Oil Co.,

Sclma, Ala.
Analysis by Miss. Exp.

Sta., Bulletin No. 178.
Southern Cotton Oil Co.,

Wilson, N. C.
... do

Heyer Bros., Wilmington..

Mar. 9, '17

100

$

do

i?5n

Peanut Meal*

H. L. Bizzell, Goldsboro...

Peacock Grocery Co.,

Wilson.
Wells Grocery Co., Wilson.

Churchland Feed Co.,
Kinston.

H. W. Little & Co.,
Wadesboro.

Pearsall & Co., Wilming-
ton.

Feb. 28, '17
Mar. 14, '17
Mar. 14, '17
Mar. 28, '17
Dec. 11, '16
Mar. 8, '17

100
100
100
100
100
80

2.50

I'll?

2.00

1116

do

do

2.00

1431

do

....do

2.25

1131
1274

Prime Peanut Mealf

Peanut Kernel and Hull
Meal.

Sea Island Cotton Oil Co.,
Charleston, S. C.

Universal Oil Co., Wil-
mington, N. C.

2.25

2.00

'Peanut Meal or Peanut Oil Meal is the ground residue after the extraction of part of the oil from peanut
kernels. Peanut Feed or Unhulled Peanut Oil Feed is the ground residue obtained after extraction of part
of the oil from whole peanuts, and the ingredients should be designated as Peanut Meal and Hulls.

tThe word "Meal" does not belong here; should be designated as Peanut Feed or as Unhulled Peanut Oil
Feed.

POULTRY FEED, CRACKED CORN, OATS.

Si

Brand Name from
Label

1292
1156
1212
1427
1271
1209
1136
1285
1478
1410

Cluck Cluck Scratch Feed
Challenge Poultry Feed —

Ajax Scratch Feed

Seaboard Scratch Feed ...

Pecaway Chick Feed

Superior Poultry Feed

Tar Heel Dry Mash

Cracked Corn

....do

....do

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

American Milling Co.,
Peoria, 111.

Cairo Milling Co., Cairo,
111.

Just Mills, Nashville,
Tenn.

Seaboard Feed and Produce
Co., Henderson, N.C.

Southern Feed Co., New-
port News, Va.

Superior Co., Memphis,
Tenn.

Tar Heel Mixing Co.,
Dallas. N. C.

Boncy & Harper Milling
Co., Wilmington, N. C.

Davis Milling Co., Nor-
folk, Va.

D. P. Reid, Norfolk, Va...

Retailer

McNair & PearsaU, Wil- Mar. 9, '17

mington.
Merchants Supply Co., Dec. 8, '16

Burlington.
J. D. Earle Feed Co., Feb. 17, '17

Asheville.
J. W. Chappell, Creedmoor

Hall & Pearsall, Wilming- Mar. 8, '17

mington.
Adams Grain and Prov. Feb. 16, '17

Co., Asheville.
Farmers Supply Co. Dec. 13, '16

Dallas.
B. F. Mitchell. Wilmington. Mar. 9. '17

Weldon Grocery Co., Wei- May 24, '17

don.
New Bern Hay and Grain Mar. 13, '17

Co., New Bern.

a
.2

^ o

Co

-a S

li'-

03

100

100

100

50

100

100

25

75

100

100

P,|l<

$ 3.00
2.50
2.75
1.50
2.75
2.75
.80
2.00
3.75
2.55

The Bulletin

41

MEAL AND PEANUT FEED— Continued

b

a

4^

<u
O

Q

6

1

^s

^1

nS

n.

ft

a

Ph

03

Ingredients Guaranteed

2X!

6a

■So

O l->

a.

o
m

Q

Ph
1

2

O

01

S

Q

1297

( Guaranteed.-

17.0

4.5

14.1

Velvet beans ground in the pod (hull and beans

) Found-- _

17.1

.1

4.4

— .1

12.9

— 1.2 ground together) .

1 Guaranteed..

Water, 12.0%; ash, 3.0%; nitrogen-free extract, 48.0%

~ *■"■

\ Found

( Guaranteed.-

23.0
45.0

6.5

7.6
6.0

1250

5:0

Ground peanut kernels less the oil extracted.

\ Found.

39.9

— 5.1

6.8

.8

3.6

— 1.4

1412

1 Guaranteed..

32.0

10.0

20.0

Entire peanut (kernel and hull) less the oil ex-

\ Found _

33.3

1.3

9.6

— .4

18.9

—1.1 tracted.

1416

Guaranteed..

32.0

10.0

20.0

Found

34.5

2.5

9.1

— .9

19.0

— 1.0 do.

1431;

Guaranteed-.

• 32.0

10.0

20.0

Found -.

33.6

1.6

8.9

— 1.1

18.0

— 2.0

do.

1131

Guaranteed-.

28.0

8.0

23.0

From ground cold pressed peanuts; the entire pea-

Found

29.3

1.3

7.6

— .4

30.2

7.2

nut less the oil extracted.

1274

Guaranteed..

30.0

8.0

24.0

Peanut kernels and peanut hulls; the whole pea-

Found

29.4

~ .6

8.7

.7

25.4

1.4

nut less the oU extracted.

BARLEY FEED AND MISCELLANEOUS

t

11
S 0

oi

43

0 u
u u
PhPM

01
0.

2

GQ

s

43

d
<u

U

1
%

U

Q

d

(U

I
0

. 43

u
d

s-

u

0

s

Ingredients Guaranteed

1292
1156
1212 <
1427!
1271 <

1209

j

1136 «
1285 <

1478 <

j

1410<

f Guaranteed..

I Found

1 Guaranteed-.

1 Found -..

1 Guaranteed..

1 Found

1 Guaranteed..

1 Found

1 Guaranteed..
1 Found

Guaranteed--
1 Found

Guaranteed..
! Found

Guaranteed..

Found.-

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

10.0

10.8

10.0

11.3

9.0

9.9

10.0

10.0

9.0

10.7

10.0

10.4

15.0

15.5

8.5

8.7

10.0

9.3

8.0

9.1

.8

1.3

.9

.0

1.7

.4

.5

.2

— .7

1.1

2.5
2.9
3.5
2.7
2.5
3.4
2.5
4.0
2.5
4.0
3.5
3.2
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.8
4.3
3.7
4.0
4.4

.4

— .8
.9

1.5
1.5

— .3
.3
.8

— .6
.4

5.0

2.6
6.0
2.4
5.0
2.4
6.0
1.9
4.0
4.5
4.5
3.2
7.5
7.5
2.5
1.9
3.0
2.2
6.0
1.8

— 2.4

— 3.6

— 2.6

— 4.1
0.5

— 1.3

.0

— .6
.8

— 4.2

Corn, wheat, barley, Kaffir corn, sunflower seed,

oats, buckwheat.
Wheat, corn, oats, wheat screenings, sunflower

seed.
Wheat, cracked corn, Kaffir corn or milo maize,

barley, sunflower seed.

Wheat, Kaffir corn, barley, oats, buckwheat, sun-
flower seed, oyster shells.

Wheat, corn, Kaffir corn, milo maize, sunflower
seed.

Wheat shorts, wheat bran, corn meal, cotton-seed
meal, ground oats.

Recleaned corn.

42

The Bulletin

POULTRY FEED, CRACKED CORN, OATS,

V

h

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

•5CL,

8-g

PhPM

1296

Cracked Corn

Seaboard Feed and Pro-

Hever Bros.. Wilminzton^

Mar 9. '17

75

$

duce Co., Henderson. N.C.

1508

Select White Oats, Sul-
phured.

Magee-Lynch Grain Co.,
Cairo, 111.

Marion Cash Feed Co.,
Inc., Marion.

June 23, '17

*.81

1.509

....do

....do

do

June 22, '17
June 22, '17
Dec. 6, '16

....

*.81

l.'ilO

....do

....do.

do

*.81

1099

Barley Feed 1

Lindsey, Patterson & Co.,
Roanoke, Va.

Farmers Cash Feed and
Seed Store, Winston-Salem

1144 Rice Meal.

Adler Export Co , New

Merchants and Farmers

Dec. 14, '16

inn

1.85

Orleans, La.

Supply Co., Charlotte.

1432

Malt Sprouts, Barley
Hulls and Screenings.

Virginia Feed Milling Co.,
Alexandria, Va.

Elmore Maxwell Co.
Greensboro.

April 28, '17

100

t42.00

1401

Diamond Hog Meal

Corn Products Refining
Co., New York, N. Y.

John S. McEachern & Sons,
Wilmington.

Mar. 10, '17

100

2,65

12,34

Buffalo Corn Gluten
Feed.

....do

Elmore Maxwell Co.,
Greensboro.

Feb. 27, '17

100

2.35

1146

Meat Meal for Hogs

Armour Fertilizer Works,
Chicago, 111.

Merchants and Farmers
Supply Co., Charlotte

Dec. 14, '16

100

3.00

*Per bushel. fPer ton.

MISCELLANEOUS

1.

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

Date of
Collection

.sf3

7229

Palmo Meal

Newsome Feed and Grain
Co., Pittsburg, Pa.

Golden Grain Milling Co.,
E. St. Louis, 111.

Just Mills, Nashville,
Tenn.

Sent by the manufacturer

....do

....do

Nov. 27, '16
Nov. 16, '16
Mar. 9, '17
Deo. 15, '16
Feb. 12, '17
Feb. 15, '17
Sept. 9, '17
June 6, '17

....

$ ....

7230

....do.

....do

7272

7234

Cotton Gin Waste

7?60

Corn Chaff

C. L. Gilbert, Leicester

B. Troy Ferguson, Green-
ville.
Sent by the manufacturer.

7263
7460
7420
7425
7448

Peanut Hull Meal ... .

Rice Hulls

John E. Koerner & Co.,
New Orleans.

American Feed Milling
Co., Asheville, N. C.

Clover Leaf Milling Co.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

C. G. Hewitt, Mont-
gomery, Ala.

Cotton Seed Hull Bran...
Coooanut Shells

Vplvpt Kpjin Hiilla

Aug. 15, '17

The Bulletin

43

BARLEY FEED AND MISCELLANEOUS— Continued

« Si

1°

■4A

O u

a

si
Q.

J

Q

■*3

g
O

u

■♦J

a

03
0,

U

.S3

Q

6

>>

s

03

5

Ingredients Guaranteed

1296

Guaranteed..

10.0

3.0

10.0

Found..

9.3

— .7

3.8

.8

2.3

— 7.7

j Guaranteed..

4.0

10.8

loU8

Found _

10.8

Guaranteed..

4.5

11.2

iboy

Found

10.4

I Guaranteed..

4.8

10.6

1510

i

\ Found

10.3

/ Guaranteed..

5.1

11.4

lU'J'J

\ Found

13.3

11441

( Guaranteed..

11.0

8.0

11.0

1^ Found

10.7

— .3

10.5

2.5

12.3

1.3

1432

f Guaranteed..

23.0

2.0

13.0

\ Found

25.3

2.3

1.1

— .9

11.7

— 1.3

This is commonly sold as malt sprouts.

1401

f Guaranteed..

18.0

7.5

13.0

\ Found

20.2

2.2

12.3

4.8

8.6

— 4.4

1234

f Guaranteed..

23.0

1.0

8.5

1 Found _

28.2

5.2

1.6

.6

8.2

— .3

1146

1 Guaranteed..

60.0

6.0

2.0

[ Found

62.5

2.5

8.9

2.9

1.7

— .3

(UNOFFICIAL)

uXl

a o

oSfc,

11

Protein,
Per Cent

a

03
O.
o

s

u

OJ

a
1

hi

U
00

s

g

a

s

Ingredients Guaranteed

*

7229

f Guaranteed..

\ Found.

\ Guaranteed..

7-15
7.1

6-10
7.5

8.9

7.5

11-13

1.7

2.0

.7

.5

6.0

1.5

.-...-

30-55
58.5

52.7

55.3

29.3

14.3

56.4

40.5

36.4

15.8

21 4

Peanut meats and shells and palm oil.

do.

do.
Linters and waste from around cotton

7230

\ Found

\ Guaranteed..

6.9

7272

1 Found

f Guaranteed..

7.0

7234

1 Found..

J Guaranteed .

13.3

gin.

;26U

1 Found-

/ Guaranteed..

9.0

7263:

i

1 Found

J Guaranteed..

6.8

V4b0

1 Found

) Guaranteed..

2.1

7420

1 Found

1 Guaranteed..

2.6

/42b

1 Found

Guaranteed..

15.8

V448,<

j^ Found

8.0

44

The Bulletin

MISCELLANEOUS

o p

■si

Brand Name from
Label

Manufacturer or
Wholesaler

Retailer

a

■S in

.£f3

<U 1

>■ to
C"o

.2 o
Z OS

74nn

Cotton Stalk Hurds

Sawdust

G. M. Schliechter, El
Centro, Cal.

May 25, '17
May 5, '17
June 2, '17
Jan. 1, '17
June 13, '17
June 13, '17

....

S

7405

7418

Charcoal

71^47

Humus

Weidener Chemical Co.,

St. Louis.
Boston Molasses Co.,

Boston, Mass.
do

Sent by the manufacturer.
.. do....

7418

Peat Moss

7417

Xtra-Vim

do

7?fif)

Screenings from Motes. ..

L. D. Pender, Tarboro

744fi

Soy Bean Hay

W. G. Harrison, New
Bern, R. 3.

Aug. 4, '17

7?R'^

Coffee Bean Meal

Southern Cotton Oil Co.,

Conetoe, N. C.
Southern Cotton Oil Co.,

Charleston, S. C.
John Gund Brewing Co.,

La Crosse, Wis.

T>'^r>

7''8t

Malt Sorouts

7461

Oat Clips

The Bulletin

45

( UNOFFICIAL ) —Continued

h3Z

11

a o

iS

O M

£(2

>>

as

£

cn

5

4A

a
O

Ph
05

o

a
o.

O

cn

p

4^

a
o

S

O
GO

S

Ingredients Guaranteed

f Guaranteed..

A
3.5

52.4
63.0

/4UU

Found

J Guaranteed..

2.6

Coarse parts of stalk not usable for fiber- making.

7405

Found

Guaranteed..

1.1

Old field pine sawdust. The "fat" is mostly rosin.

lili

Found..

Guaranteed

1.0

1.4

.02
3.1

.6

7.7

2.0

6.3
6.0
7.5

.6

2.2

Peat or humus " passed through about 2,700 de-
grees of heat." Moisture, 14.0%; Ash, 22.0%.

;24/

Found

j Guaranteed..

17.2

1.5

55.0

6.9

35.0

40.8

11.1

12.0

9.8

10.8

19.9

— 2.2

/418

Found

Guaranteed.

5.6

;4W

Found

J Guaranteed..

3.9

*2by

Found

Guaranteed.

13.4

(44b

Found

Guaranteed

7.6

Hay left after threshing out the beans.

;283

7295

i

Found

Guaranteed..

Found

Guaranteed

39.1
20.0
21.4

Made from dried cocoanut (copra).

/28o

Found

J Guaranteed..

31.0

/4bl

\ Found

8.2

THE BULLETIN

OF THE

NORTH CAROLINA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

RALEIGH

Vol. 38, No. 12

DECEMBER, 1917

Whole No. 239

CROP ROTATION SYSTEMS ADAPTED TO SECTIONS
INFESTED WITH TOBACCO WILT

DISTRIBUTION OF TOBACCO WILT IN NORTH CAROLINA

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND SENT FREE TO CITIZENS ON APPLICATION.

Entered at the PostoflBce at Raleigh, N. C, as second-class matter,
February 7, 1901, under Act of June 6, 1900.

Raleigh, N. C.
Commercial Printing Company
State Printers
1918

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE

F. P. Latham . .
C. W. Mitchell

R. L. WOODARD

W. A. Graham, Commissioner, ex officio Chairman, Raleigh.

Belhaven First District.

Aulander Second District.

Pamlico Third District.

CLAKENc. POK.::::::...: K^!^ver-::;:;:::::::;;;;::;;Fl^^DSi^lcr

, Red Springs Sixth District.

R. W. Scott

A. T. McCallum

ac/WHiGHT. ..::::::: Hunting creek seventh District.

WiLLLAM Bledsoe
H. Q. Alexander
A. Cannon

Gale Eighth District.

'. Matthews Ninth District.

, Horse Shoe Tenth District.

OFFICERS AND STAFF

W A. GRAHAM • • • •• Commissioner

K W Barnes Secretary and Purchasing Agent

Miss Sarah D. Jones • ^ ^.^"^''ot^'ru-

n C Conn Stamp and Tag Clerk

b' W KILGORE State Chemist, Director Test Farms

J.' M." PicKEL. . . : : : • • • -Feed Chemist

W. G. Haywood Fertilizer Chemist

J. Q. Jackson Assistant Chemist

E. S. Dewar Assistant Chemist

D. M. Mccarty Assistant Chemist

B. T. HoRSFiELD Assistant Chemist

J F Hatch Fertilizer Clerk

r' W Collett Assistant Director Test Farms

F." H.' Jeter. . .'.'.'.'.'.' • • • ■ : / \;^'^''^°''

H. H. BRIMLEY Curator of Museum

T W. Adickes Assistant Curator

FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR /•:•/•;• E^^^"™" °Sist

R W Leiby Assistant Entomologist

J E "eckbrt Assistant Entomologist in Field Work

C l' Sams " ' Specialist in Beekeeping

o: H. graham". ■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■. /•:•.••; ■Veterinarian

W M Moore Assistant Veterinarian

C "c Watts Assistant Veterinarian

W N HUTT.'. ........ ■ Horticulturist

C D Matthew's. . . .'•' Assistant Horticulturist

T B PARKER ' ' '.' ' Director of Farmers' Institutes

W M ALLEN ' . . .Chemist and Chief, Division Food and Oil Inspection
p'w' Thornton . .Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection

C E 'bell ' . • .Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection

T fland B Rhodes Assistant Chemist, Division Food and Oil Inspection

C B. WILLIAMS Chief, Division of Agronomy

3. K Plummer : Soil Chemi.st

w w patw Agronomist in boils

R y'wixters '.'.". P'an*^ Breeding

*W E. Hearn. .'.'.■ State Soil Agent, Soil Survey

L. L. BRiNKLBY 1°' I'^lf'

S. O. Perkins Rntani^t

J. L. BURGESS ;•••■:■•; vS , f^I

Miss S. D. Allen Assistant to Botanist

Miss Louise A. Rademacher • • : -Assistant to Botanist

DAN T GRAY Chief in Animal Industry

R S Curtis • Associate in Animal Industry

W H Baton ■ • Dairy Experimenter

tALViN J. Reed'. ■.;■.■. . . ' ;• •.• l' •; :■ -^^V^ Farming

Stanley Combes Assistant in Dairy Farming

J. J A Arey Assistant in Dairy Farming

' F R Farnham . . Assistant in Dairy Farming

F T Peden. \ Beef Cattle

Earl Hostetler Assistant in Beef Cattle and Swiiie

tJ. E. Moses. . . . .' • • • -P'S Clubs

t A G Oi IVFR Poultry Clubs

Ie' H m'athewso.V. ..... Tobacco Investigations

IC R Hudson Farm Demonstration Work

IT e' Browne State Agent in Charge of Boys' Clubs

Ja". K. Robertson Assistant in Boys' Clubs

JMrs. Jane S. McKimmon State Agent in Charge Grils Clubs

Mrs. J. H. Henley Assistant in Home Economics

C E Clark, Assistant Director Edgecombe Branch Station, Rocky Mount, N. C.

F T Mkacham, Assistant Director Iredell Branch Station, Stattsville, N. C.

r' G Hill, Assistant Director I'tndcr Branch Station, Willard. N. C.

S. C. Clai'P, Assistant Director Buncombe Branch Station, Swannanoa, N. C.

E. G. Moss, Assistant Director Granville Branch Station, Oxford, N. C.

h'. Bocker, Assistant Director Blackland Branch Station, Wenona, N. C.

•Assigned by the Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agriculture.

tAssigned by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture.

tin cooperation with Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Hoist. W. A. Graham,

"■}

Commissioner of Agriculture.

Sir: — I submit lierewith results of some work iu the control of
tobacco wilt on the Granville Branch Station farm. The results of
these investigations, Avhich were made by Mr. E. G. Moss, Assistant
Director of this station, and Dr. F. A. Wolf, Plant Pathologist of the
Experiment Station, show that wilt can be satisfactorily controlled by
a system of cropping or rotation in which tobacco is not grown on the
infested fields for a period of years. I recommend that this paper be
published as the December Bulletin.

Very respectfully,

B. W. Kjlgore,

Director, Test Farms.
Approved for printing:

W. A. Graham,

Commissioner.

CROP ROTATION SYSTEM ADAPTED TO SECTIONS INFESTED

WITH TOBACCO WILT

By

E. G. Moss,* Assistant Director of Tobacco Station,

and
Frederick A. Wolf, Plant Pathologist, North Carolina Agricultural

Experiment Station.

For a number of years, growers of tobacco have annually suffered
more or less serious losses from a disease commonly known as tobacco
wilt. The studies which have been made to determine a satisfactory
means of control of this disease have demonstrated that none of the
native or foreign varieties of tobacco or any strains secured by crossing
them possess any marked resistance to the disease. These studies have
furthermore demonstrated that the use of chemicals and fertilizers are
without beneficial effect in wilt control. It has been found, however,

Fig. 1. A field of Tobacco over 50 per cent of which died from wilt.

that this wilt disease can be very satisfactorily controlled by the employ-
ment, of certain systems of cropping or rotation in which tobacco is not
grown on the infested fields for a term of years. A recent bulletinf calls
attention to these results but does not outline specific rotation systems
to be followed nor does it emphasize the fact that several species of
cultivated plants and weeds are attacked by the wilt germ, which fact
has an important bearing upon the problem of tobacco wilt control. This

•In accordance with an agreement between the North Carolina Department of Agricul-
ture and the Bureau of Plant Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture,
E. G. Moss has assisted in preparing this circular.

tThe Control of Tobacco Wilt in the Flue-cured District. U. S. Dept. of Agr. B. P. I.
Bui. 5G2. 1-20, 1917.

bulletin is therefore prepared to supply this important information to
growers of tobacco in wilt-infested areas. It is particularly applicable
to the area included in the circle on the map (front page), where the
disease is generally prevalent although wilt is known, in addition, to be
present sparingly in the counties of Ashe, Guilford, Davidson, Yadkin,
Chatham, and Greene.

EFFECTIVENESS OF CROPPING AND ROTATION TESTS.

It is believed that the suggestion of definite systems of rotation can
best be made after results have been briefly presented showing the
value of the employment of rotation systems. The field on which all
these experiments were made was badly infested with tobacco wilt, since
about 75 per cent of the tobacco died the year before these experiments
were started. The data upon which these results are based were secured at
Creedmoor, N. C. The infested field in which the tests were made was
appropriately divided into plots of one-fourth acre, each of which was
cropped differently. The results of a five-year cropping system are
shown in Table I.

Table I, Five-Year Cropping and Rotation Tests at
Creedmoor, N. C, in 1916.

Name of Plot. Percentage of wilt.

Rotation Plot A. (Corn, wheat, corn-clover and mixed grasses,

clover and mixed grasses, tobacco) 10.9

Plot B. (Sweet potatoes continuously) 21.2

Plot C. (Peanuts continuously) 57.7

Plot D. (Corn continuously) 3.7

Plot E. (Red clover and mixed grasses continuously) 4.9

Plot F. (Wheat and cowpeas continuously) 6.0

Plot IB. (Tobacco continuously) 81.3

It will be seen from this table that over 80 per cent of the plants
showed wilt where the land was cropped to tobacco each year. Most of
the M'ilt in rotation Plot A occurred in a poorly drained corner, and in
Plot B, only 5 per cent of wilt was present when the tobacco was
mature, whereas, when it was harvested, two weeks later, 21 per cent of
the plants were affected. Peanuts are subject to wilt, which accounts for
the large amount of disease on Plot C. In general, therefore, barring
Plot C, there Avas about 5 per cent of wilt on the several five-year test
plots as compared with 80 per cent on the one devoted to continuous
cropping with tobacco. Since it is important to learn the shortest prac-
ticable rotation for controlling tobacco wilt, a certain plot was planted
to crops other than tobacco for three years, another for four years,
another for five years, and another for six years. These results are
assembled in Table 11.

6

Table II. Tests to Determine Length of Rotation.

Name of Plot and year Crops planted in previous years

fCorn 1911, wheat 1912, clover.
Rotation Plot 2A, 1914 |and mixed grasses 1913, to- 1

Ibacco 1914. )

rCorn 1911, wheat 1912, corni
Rotation Plot 3A, 1915 i 1913, clover and mixed grasses [

[1914, tobacco 1915. J

■• rCorn 1911, wheat 1912, corn^

1913, clover and mixed grasses

1914, clover and mixed grasses

1915, tobacco 1916.
Corn 1911, wheat 1912, clover
and mixed grasses 1913, corn
1914, wheat 1915, clover and
mixed grasses 1916, tobacco
1917

Percentage of wilt
In rotation In check

Rotation Plot 4A, 1916

Rotation Plot 2B, 1917

Plot

12.6

18.9

10.9

2.3

Plot
53.0

72.0
81.0

97.6

Less than 5 per cent of wilt was present in 1915 at the time when
the tobacco was ready to harvest and, as has previously been explained,
much of the wilt in Plot 4A occurred in a poorly drained corner. It
is, therefore, evident that a good crop of tobacco with not over 5 per cent
loss from wilt can be grown every fourth or fifth year even on badly
infested land.

Since cotton has not been employed in any of the systems of rotation
reported, a test was made of the effect of planting cotton for four suc-
cessive years before returning the land to a crop of tobacco. The
results are presented in Table III.

Table III. Condition of Tobacco in 1917 on Plot Continuously
Cropped with Cotton as Compared with One Continuously

Cropped with Tobacco.

Name of Plot Percentage of Wilt

Plot lA. (Cotton continuously) 5.2

Plot IB. (Tobacco continuously) 97.6

Wilt was generally very severe in 1917 as indicated by the fact that
Plot IB was practically a total loss. The results of this test indicate
that cotton may safely and advantageously be employed in a rotation
system on wilt-infested lands.

Attention should also be called to the fact that, whatever system of
rotation is adopted, wilt-infested land must not be left to grow -weeds
or to "lie out" as is the practice with some farmers. These weeds not
only seed the land and are thus troublesome to the succeeding tobacco
crop, but many of them harbor the wilt germ. It has been found that
both rag weeds and horse weeds, which are the most common weeds on
fields left to lie out, harbor the wilt germ. Other species of weeds, such as
jimson weed, ground cherries, croton, horse nettle, and eclipta, are more

or less common in tobacco lands and all harbor tobacco wilt. The growth
of the germ on these weeds accounts for the prevalence of wilt on lands
which have not been tilled for a year, and, in part, for the occurrence of
wilt on new land. Then, too, the fact is not generally appreciated that
Irish potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, peanuts, and velvet beans are all sub-
ject to the same disease. These crops must not, therefore, be grown on
fields immediately before or after planting to tobacco.

CROP ROTATION SYSTEMS.

There is no more important matter for the tobacco grower to consider
than the management of his fields so that they will be in the best shape
for tobacco at the proper time. In fact, the quality of the tobacco
produced depends quite as much upon how the fields have been handled
in rotation between successive crops of tobacco as upon the fertilizer
used or the cultivation given directly to the tobacco crop itself. This
proper management of the fields becomes doubly important when it
becomes necessary to control tobacco wilt. Further, growers have not
fully appreciated the necessity of adopting some definite rotation sys-
tem and adhering to it where this dual purpose must be met. To meet
this need, therefore, several systems are suggested, some of which require
four years, some five, and some six, between ci'ops of tobacco.

EOTATION 1.

First year — Tobacco, followed by fall sowing of oats and vetch or rye and
vetch for seed.

Second year — Soy beans or cowpeas, sown after harvest, followed in fall by
rye or crimson clover (to be plowed under the following spring).

Third year — Cotton, followed by rye in fall.

Fourth year — Tobacco.

This rotation is suggested for land that is only slightly infested with
wilt. It is too short a rotation to be used on fields that are badly
infested, and therefore is not recommended in such cases.

Virginia Gray or Turf oats or Abruzzi rye should be seeded with
hairy vetch, as they will mature seed about the same time as the
vetch. If this crop is grown for market the vetch seed can be sep-
arated from the rye or oats. If not, this is a good combination to
sow for soil improvement or for hay. In subsequent rotations where
vetch is recommended as a cover crop to be plowed under, consideration
should be given to the fact that the cost of seeding an acre with vetch
is about twice as great at present prices as when crimson clover is used
as a cover crop. If either of these crops is permitted to mature a crop
of seed, however, a good cover crop will appear during the following fall
and winter from the seed which have shattered at time of harvesting.

Soy beans or cowpeas can be used as a money crop if the acreage
planted is sufficient to justify the purchase of a harvester. Otherwise,
they may be cut for hay or be plowed under as a soil-improving crop,

8

wliich Avill pay in the following cotton crop. On tlie tliiu tobacco soils
in the wilt area, tobacco will do well .after cotton.

Rotation 2.

First year — Tobacco ; in fall oats and vetch or rye and vetch or crimson
clover, to be plowed under.

Second year — Corn, rye, and vetch, crimson clover as a cover crop, plowed
under.

Third year — Corn, rye in fall.

Fourth year — Tobacco.

Rotation 2 is objectionable because corn precedes tobacco, and usually
it is difficult to get tobacco to grow large enough after corn unless stable
manure can be used under the tobacco. Wire worms frequently cause
trouble, too, as they winter in the corn stubble.

Rotation 3.

First year — Tobacco, with fall-sown crimson clover or vetch.
Second year — Corn, followed by crimson clover or vetch.
Third year — Cotton, with fall-sown rye to be plowed under.
Fourth year — Tobacco.

Rotation 3 is preferable to No. 2 as cotton precedes tobacco and is
not so exhaustive a crop as corn. Besides, this rotation gives two
money crops in three years.

Rotation 4.

First year — Tobacco, followed by Abruzzi I'ye, wheat or oats.
Second year — Soy beans, Abruzzi rye, wheat or oats (cowpeas).
Third year — Grass mixture.*
Fourth year — Grass mixture.
Fifth year — Tobacco.

Rotation 5.
Fi7-st year — Tobacco.

Second year — Grass mixture, sown in fall after tobacco.
Third year — Grass mixture ; break sod in fall or winter.
Fourth year — Cotton, with rye in fall.
Fifth year— Tobacco.

Rotations Nos. 4 and 5 are excellent ones to use provided the land is
not badly infested with wilt. It must be remembered that in no case
where the land is badly wilt-infested, should tobacco be planted oftener
than once in five or six years. However, after the wilt has been reduced,
a somewhat shorter rotation may be used.

•Italian rye grass 5 pounds

Red top or herds' grass 5 pounds

Orchard grass 5 pounds

TaU meadow oat grass 5 pounds

Red clover 6 pounds

Alslke clover 4 pounds

30 pounds

9

Rotation 4 is suggested for growers who have plenty of corn land
and do not wish to grow corn on any of their tohacco land. In Rotation
5, cotton precedes tobacco as cotton matures so late in the fall that the
grass mixture can not be seeded early enough to insure a good stand.

A grass sod is one of the best crops to precede a tobacco crop, as it
adds organic matter to the soil. It is necessary to keep the weeds down
on this sod by running the mower over the grass two or three times
during the summer, even if it is not tall enough to yield much hay.

The clover added in this grass mixture will not cause any serious
trouble to the tobacco, as a large percentage of it will die out after
the first year and even if the clover is present, the tobacco can be planted
closer, topped higher and harvested by priming, thereby preventing to
a large extent, the rough, coarse tobacco that usually follows a legume
crop.

The grass mixture suggested will make fair yields on tobacco soils
in the wilt section provided lime and fertilizer are used.

Rotation 6.

First year — Tobacco, followed by wheat or oats.

Second year — Cowpeas or soybeans as summer crop, rye for cover crop.

Third year — Cotton, rye or clover iu fall.

Fourth year — Cotton, followed by rye.

Fifth year — Tobacco.

In rotation C, corn can be substituted in the third year for cotton
but it is doubtful if the crop of cotton in the fourth year Avill be as good
as it would be by having cotton on the land both years.

Rotation 7.

First year — Tobacco, crimson clover as cover crop.

Second year — Sweet potatoes, fall-sown wheat or Abruzzi rye for seed.

Third year — Soybeans for seed, rye in fall to be plowed under.

Fourth year — Cotton, rye in fall.

Fifth year — Tobacco.

Rotation 7 would be an excellent one to follow especially in the Creed-
moor section where wilt is most serious, provided community potato
houses could be built for storing the potatoes in order to market them
after Christmas. It is not unusual -for farmers to grow two or three
hundred bushels of marketable sweet potatoes per acre in that section,
and there is always a good demand for potatoes after the holidays. The
increased planting of the crops suggested in this rotation would give
four money crops, all of which can be grown profitably. In addition,
hogs can be employed in utilizing the sweet potatoes left after digging
and in harvesting the soy beans.

10

EOTATION 8.

First year — Tobacco.

Second year — Wheat or oats, soybeans or cowpeas.

Third year — Grass mixture.

Fourth year — Grass mixture.

Fifth year — Corn, rye put in to be turned under in spring.

Sixth year — Tobacco.

EOTATION 9.

First year — Tobacco, followed by crimson clover or vetch plowed under.
Second year — Corn.

Third year — Wheat or oats, soybeans or cowpeas, followed by grass seeded
in fall.
Fourth year — Grass mixture.
Fifth year — Grass mixture.
Sixth year — Tobacco.

In rotation 8, corn precedes tobacco and can be used on land that is
too rich to grow good tobacco after having been in the grass mixture
for two years. Most of the tobacco land in the wilt section needs more
nitrogen and organic matter however, and it is very probable that
rotation 9 will give better results.

EOTATION 10.

First year — Tobacco, with crimson clover or vetch in fall.
Second year — Corn, with cover crop of crimson clover or vetch.
Third year — Cotton, followed by crimson clover or vetch.
Fourth year — Corn, cover crop of vetch or crimson clover.
Fifth year — Cotton, with rye in fall.
Sixth year — Tobacco.

Rotation 10 is a good one, and can be used with good results pro-
vided the cover crops are put in every year and plowed under in the
spring. If this is not done, the main crops, being clean cultivated crops,
Avill soon render the land so infertile that a profitable tobacco crop can
not be grown.

Rotation 11.

First year — Tobacco, with oats and vetch or rye and vetch sown in fall.

Second year — Harvest fall crop for seed and follow with summer crop of
cowpeas or soybeans either for seed or hay. Fall-sown wheat, oats, or Abruzzi
rye for seed.

Third year — Soybeans or cowpeas to succeed the wheat, oats, or rye. Rye
and vetch, vetch or crimson clover to be turned in spring.

Fourth year — Corn, with rye and vetch or crimson clover in the fall.

Fifth year — Cotton, with rye in fall.

Sixth year — Tobacco.

Rotation 11 has two small grain crops, the first, oats and vetch or
rye and vetch to be harvested for seed. The vetch is a legume crop
and can be harvested with the rye and oats for seed. This will insure
an abundance of legume seed for the farm and possibly some for market.
The second year wheat, oats, or Abruzzi rye can be planted alone for

11

seed, if desired, or the vetch can be added as is done the first year. There
will undoubtedly be an increasing demand for vetch seed for a num-
ber of years, and they can be easily grown in combination with one
of the small grain crops.

In all of the rotations suggested in this circular, the relation of other
crops to tobacco and also the effect the crops other than tobacco have
on the control of this tobacco wilt have been kept in mind. It is
essential that all land infested Avith wilt be kept free from weeds, and in
planning these rotations, the authors have, tried to suggest combinations
of crops that are entirely practical and that may be used in such a way
as to prevent the land from growing a crop of weeds at any time. It is
also suggested that the grower select the rotation that may be adapted
to his conditions and adhere to it, and if he should have a field on which
only a few plants die from the wilt, after he has followed his rotation
for a number of years, it is not advisable to plant this field to tobacco
again until he has followed the cycle of rotations with which he started.

It is doubtful if the wilt germ will ever be entirely eradicated from
the soil after it is once infested, but it can be controlled to such an
extent that tobacco can be grown with only a small percentage of loss.

LEAF TOBACCO REPORT FOR DECEMBER, 1917

Pounds sold for producers 15,411,027

Pounds sold for dealers 740,718

Pounds sold for warehouses 1,140,564

Total 17,292,30f>

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New York Botanical Garden Librar

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