Butterflies and moths at home : sixty photographs from nature

iS NATURE BOOKS N

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' I 'HIS Series, published at a very low price
A and containing sixty beautifullyprinted
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READY.

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No. 2.— THE MASTERPIECES OF VAN DYCX.

No. 3.— THE MASTERPIECES OF REMBRANT.

No. 4.— THE MASTERPIECES OF RAPHAEL.

No. 5.— THE MASTERPIECES OF REYNOLDS*

No. 6i— THI MASTERPIECES OF TENIERS.

NO. 7.— THE MASTERPIECES OF EARLY FLEMISH AP.T{
(MEMLINC, VAN EYCK, etc.)

NO. 8.-THE MASTERPIECES OF TITIAN*

Others in Preparation.

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Cowans's Nature Books.

'"P'HE object of these little volumes is to stimulate

■*- a love of Nature and a desire to study it.
The first book of the series has been extremely
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others equally interesting and beautiful.

READY.

No. 1.— WILD BIRDS AT HOME, sixty

PHOTOQRAPHS FROM LIFE, BY CKAS. KIRK,
OF BRITISH BIRDS AND THEIR NESTS.

No. 2. -WILD FLOWERS AT HOME.

FIRST 8ERIES. SIXTY PHOTOGRAPHS FROftte
NATURE, BY CAMERON TODD.

No. 3— WILD FLOWERS AT HOME,

SECOND SERIES.

No. 4.— BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS AT

HOME. SIXTY PHOTOGRAPHS FROM LIFE,
BY A. FORRESTER.

In Preparation.
No. 5.— WILD BIRDS AT HOME, second
8ERIES.

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The Bottle »»<#

The Drunkard's Children.

En Sixteen Plates.

Designed and Etched by
GEORGE CRUIKSHANK.

This little book contains beautifully engraved and printed
miniature facsimiles of these two series of Cruikshank
etchings, which were very popular when first issued in
1847 and 1848. More terrible pictures of the results of
indulgenc3 in strong drink could hardly be imagined.
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L'A. T\ X JL1 jCA

Gowans's Nature Books, No. 4

Butterflies and Moths at Home

CARSON & NICOL, PRINTERS, GLASGOW.

Common Blue Butterfly (Lyaena icarus) at rest on rush.

Sixty photographs from nature by A. Forrester

GOWANS & GRAY, Ltd.

35 Leicester Square, London, W.C.

58 Cadogan Street, Glasgow

1905

TN none of the volumes of the present
series are the marvellous processes
of nature more forcibly brought home to the
reader than in the sixty photographs in
this little volume. The patience and
observation of Air. Forrester have borne
fruit in a series of pictures of the life-
histories of some Butterflies and Moths,
and of examples of protective resemblance
which will surely fill every thinking mind
with wonder and reverence. The nomen-
clature follozued is that of Kappel and
Kirby's "British and European Butterflies
and Moths,'" i8q6.

37145

V

The Life-History of a White Admiral Butterfly. Plate i

( L imen it is sibyl I a)

The young caterpillar sleeps through the winter in a hammock which
it constructs from a small leaf. To prevent this leaf falling to the ground
with its fellows, the larva attaches it securely to the stem of the plant
with many fine silken threads.

The Life-History of a White Admiral Butterfly. Plate 2

(Limenitis sibylld)

April 21st

The honeysuckle buds having now expanded the caterpillar leaves its
winter residence. It feeds, however, principally at night, passing the
day on the stem as here shewn.

The Life-History of a White Admiral Butterfly. Plate 3

(Limenitis sibylla)

June 10th

It has now attained its full growth^

The Lire-History of a White Admiral Butterfly. Plate 4

(Li)iienitis sibyl la)

June 12th

— and spinning a small silken pad on the underside of a leaf, suspends
itself therefrom by its hindmost pair of claspers or pro-legs.

lO

The Like-History of a White Admiral Butterfly. Plate 5

(Limenitis sibylla)

June 14th

It now casts off its larval jacket and appears as a pupa or chrysalis-

II

The Life-History of a White Admiral Butterfly. Plate 6

(Lhnenitis sibylla)

June 27th

— and one bright morning the perfect insect emerges, and hangs from
its empty pupa case until its wings are fully grown, and sufficiently stiff
for flight.

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The Life-History of a Brimstone Butterfly. Plate 2
(Gonepteryx rkamni)

A large spider which lives among the leaves of the Buckthorn, and
preys upon the caterpillars.

14

The Life-History of a Brimstone Butterfly. Plate 3
(Goneptery.v rhamni)

July 10th

When full fed the larva attaches itself to a twig in the same way as
the caterpillar of the White Admiral, but in addition makes a sling from
the twig round its body which keeps it in a more or less horizontal
position.

The Life-History ok a Brimstone Butterfly. Plate 4
{Goneptcryx rhamni)

July nth

The pupa appears the following day. The discarded skin of the
larva may be seen hanging from the twig by a very fine thread.

i6

The Life-History of a Brimstone Butterfly. Plate 5
(Gonepteryx rhamni)

July 26th. 8-10 a.m.

When first the imago emerges from the pupa, its wings are small
and limp —

17

The Life-History of a Brimstone Butterfly. Plate 6
(Gonepteryx rhamni)

July 26th. 8-25 a.m.

— but soon expand —

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The Life-History of a Brimstone Butterfly. Plate 7
(Goncpteryx rhamni)

July 26th. 9 a.m.

— and by this time are quite stiff and fit for use.

*9

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The Emergence of a Six-spotted Burnet Moth. Plate i
(Zygoena ftlipendulce)

July 15th. 7 a.m.

The cocoon attached to grass.

20

The Emergence of a Six-spotted Burnet Moth. Plate 2
(Zygcena Jilipendulce)

July 15th. 7-5 a.m.

The pupa pushes itself partially through the upper part of the
cocoon, using its anal extremity as a lever.

21

The Emergence of a Six-spotted Burnet Moth. Plate
(Zygcena filipendulee)

July 15th. 76 a.m.

The moth disen^a^es itself —

22

The Emergence of a Six-spotted Burnet Moth. Plate 4
(Zygtzna Jilipendtda)

July 15th. 7-6 j a.m.
-and having freed its antenae and legs —

23

The Emergence of a Six-spotted Burnet Moth. Plate 5
(Zygcena. JilipendulcB)

July 15th. 7-65 a.m.

— quickly crawls up the grass, leaving the pupa case sticking out of the
cocoon.

24

The Emergence of a Six-spotted Burnet Moth.
(Zygoena filipendula>)

Plate 6

July 15th.

7-21 a.m.

Having found a suitable place where it can hang clear of the grass
the wings commence to expand, and when fully grown, but still limp, are
folded over the back as shewn.

25

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The Emergence of a Six-spotted Burnet Moth. Plate 7
(Zygcena filipendulte)

July 15th. 7-40 a.m.

The process being now completed the wings take the natural resting
position, and the moth soon flies away to join —

26

?

The Emergence of a Six-spotted Burnet Moth. Plate 3
(Zygcena filipendulce)

— its friends and relations on some neighbouring thistle head.

27

The Life-History of a Broad-bordered Bee Hawk Moth. Plate i

(Macroglossa fuciformis)

The eggs are laid singly in June on the underside of a honeysuckle
leaf.

28

I

I

The Life-History of a Broad-bordered Bee Hawk Moth. Plate 2

(Macroglossa fuciformis)

The egg soon hatches, and the young larva is noted for the curious
way in which it eats holes in the leaves of its food plant.

29

The Life-History of a Broad-bordered Bee Hawk Moth. Plate 3

(Macroglossa. fuciformis)

While very young the caterpillar is liable to be attacked by an
ichneumon fly of the family Braconidae, which punctures the skin and
deposits an eeg beneath. This egg hatches, and the resulting grub lives
upon the substance of its host, avoiding vital parts, until it is full fed,
when it forces its way out, and spins its cocoon on the leaf beside the
unfortunate caterpillar of the hawk-moth, which soon afterwards dies.

3Q

The Life-History of a Broad-bordered Bee Hawk: Moth. Plate 4

(Macroglossa fuciformis)

Caterpillar about \ grown.

3t

The Life-History of a Broad-bordeked Bee Hawk Moth. Plate 5

(Macroglossa fuciformis)

Caterpillar § grown

It will be noticed that the caterpillar has now spots along its sides,
and the horn has become curved.

32

The Life-History of a Broad-bordered Bee Hawk Moth. Plate 6

(Macroglossa fuciformis)

The winter is passed in the pupa state. The chrysalis is of a very
ordinary type, and may be found in a very loosely constructed cocoon
among dead leaves, on the surface of the ground.

33

The Life-History of a Broad-bordered Bee Hawk Moth. Plate 7

{Macroglossa fuciformis)

The perfect insect emerges the following May.

34

The Life-History of a Privet Hawk Moth. Plate i
{Sphinx ligustri)

Newly hatched caterpillar with the egg shell from which it has
emerged.

35

The Life-History of a Privet Hawk Moth. Plate 2
(Sfih inx lig ustri )

Half-grown caterpillar feeding.

36

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The Life-Histoky of a Pkivet Hawk Moth. Plate 4
{Sphinx ligustri)

At rest on trunk of oak.

38

The Life-History of an Emperor Moth.
(Saturnia carpini)

Eggs laid among heather.

Plate i

39

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The Like-History of an Emperor Moth. Plate 2

{Saturnia carpini)

The full-fed caterpillar.

4°

The Life-History of an Emperor Moth. Plate 3
{Satnrnia carpi 11 i)

The caterpillar spins a pear-shaped cocoon, in which it turns to a
chrysalis.

4'

The Life-History of an Emperor Moth. Plate 4
(Satumia carpi ni)

The perfect insect (femaie).

42

Sociable Caterpillars
Brood of larvae of Large Tortoiseshell Butterfly {Vanessa polychloros).

43

Sociable Caterpillars
Young larvae of Buff-Tip Moth (Pkalera. Bucephald).

44

The curious caterpillar of the—

45

-Lobster Moth {Staurofics fagi).

46

Protective Resemblance — Caterpillars of —

Caterpillar which has fed on the leaves of an oak tree on which no
lichen is growing.

These caterpillars, of all our British species, seem to have the power —

47

— Scalloped Hazel Moth (Odontofiera bideniata)

Caterpillar which has fed on the leaves of a lichen covered sallow tree.

— of assimilating themselves to their surroundings most perfectly developed.

43

Protective Resemblance
Caterpillars that mimic Pine-needles
Two larvae of Shaded Broad Bar Moth (Cidaria variata).

49

•

Protective Resemblance
Caterpillars that mimic Pine-needles
Larva of Pine Beauty Moth (Panolis piniperdti).

5°

Protective Resemblance
Caterpillars that mimic Twigs
Caterpillars of Pale Oak Beauty Moth {Boa>»iia consortaria).

5i

Protective Rfsembi.ance
Caterpillars that mimic Twigs
Larva of Mottled Beauty Moth (Boarmia repandata) on honeysuckle

52

Protf.ctive Resemblance

Caterpillars that mimic Twigs

Hibernating larva of Great Oak Beauty Moth (Boa.rmia roborarid)
(in oak.

S3

Protective Resemblance
Larva of Grass Emerald Moth (Pseudoterpna pruinata) on genista.

54

Protective Resemblance

Larva of Brussels Lace Moth (Boarmia lichenaria) on lichen-
covered branch of oak iree.

*. \

Protective Resemblance

head.

Dingy Skipper Butterfly (Nisoniades tages) sleeping on dead teasel

56

Protective Resemblance

Small Engrailed Moth (Boarmia cre/tesctu'aria) at rest on trunk of
oak tree.

57

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Protective Resemblance

The young larva of the Alder Moth {Acronycta alni) much resembles
a bird -dropping.

59

Protective Resemblance

The Angle-shades Moth {Brotolomia mcticulosa) among dead oak
leaves.

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Protective Resemblance
Copper Underwing Moth (Am/>h/J>yra f>y7 am idea) on tree-trunk.

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64

In Winter Quarters

Small Tortoiseshell Butterfly {Vanessa urticce) hibernating on a hear
in loft.

Pocket Anthologies.

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23rd Thousand.

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in the Latin Language.

Selected by J. W. MACKAIL, M.A., LL.D.,

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The Publishers consider themselves very fortunate in
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^EILLEURS POEMES

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Choisis par
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Vols. III. -VI. of "The Complete Works cy
Cervantes " contain

Don Quixote.

Translated by JOHN ORMSBY.
Edited by JAS. FITZMAURICE-KELLY,

In Four Volumes.
Each 1s. Net in Cloth i 2s. Net in Leather

We claim that this is the best English edition of Don
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point out these facts: — (i) Ormsby's translation is admitted
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" The choice is wise, for on the whole Mr. Ormsby's is the most
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and moreover the publishers have secured the assistance of Mr. Fitz-

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\