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BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE |
1. Coryphantha runyonii.
2. Dolichothele sphaerica.
THE CACTACEAE
DESCRIPTIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF
PLANTS OF THE CACTUS FAMILY
BY
NE BRIGMON Ann | NEeROSE
VotumeE IV
Tue CarNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
WasHINGTON, DeceMBER 24, 1923
CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
PUBLICATION No. 248, VoLuME IV
Pages 1-80, text only, were distributed
under date of October 9, 1923
PRESS OF GIBSON BROTHERS, Inc
WASHINGTON
CONTENTS.
Tribe 3. Cereeae—continued from Vol. III.
Sielovsnlos G, Compa renmsIocenns, oscocadniogovcaseusoebocneuussoucvuassoncaaes
RevAtonGremeraie dpa mses ther a -ie gum tey om ate Re aasrHLe MEST gens aie Al
MAT CISELO CAGES Fareed y5i pe toy eis CIE EE RC oo EI ee otk EEDA EE MSP) Pate
INGODESSCY arated Birt tras se sar Cores GRA INE yeah et re a Siti eaten doe oT IE be
FE SCODALI AMER TA SE cer ae DERN ARR ic IRN arr og LEN ATO ae aa Oa
Phellos pert araperspecsr sy wrest enV SSCP A ee Rem Ta eM Se See) DLR dE Leet
WW Oli chothel ewe saey avon je eres a Mout sorte Ramee ne yah AN elie aks Ui Rt Na
ZY TOCA CEUS senve ewaeh poner ctellay oe reer ad eet ra CAR hoe ae Leet Rana RMT iE
FE piphydlanthusmeyrpscerisrely eeu aie crce tse ease ee era ee Si ROE
Slolul [bare oercexs ray, oaie do ag-c.coo HH ovola.d la Grom aaa UM ice Onis ae nlceloraIeeetrn te einen meee
ID oho ohUlhstony sandy olin Osa oka clo olden mmo Ses AO a SAE Oe e Sere
HT) ISO CA CEUSE Beye sy aerate ps teh Lavpedanes Seer neh et ets ee yaeayalay op Neer henge MONS arfv aa
Shiapasiae yes seueie ess are eon II orien ome ee eum aL Regent (otaney. A ae ANE
I GCL ETO CACTUS HAE peters thee ER EA ee EE Plone lee ERENT OY eR be era ay
INO pal KOCH ahi fess Hecese ec hele sopelisie Ree asd sue ae laren occas Cale Sie Soo Ree RN RIP ag
\AU aS anon sas eto 0 Lee Oren urinary Orin cin EEH es een ea a ames ener ie nae tren SUL CLMR
SMa us ye &, VhosOCEMES |. caccodnnvesoooubdccoenmongvodcocbacubeonaaad
REV HEONG C1 eae oy VAC ROCESS ice ee oe Le eI EL UR aaa
ry throrhipsalisyy crest y wastes al seke ce eee Oe aT Ten OER eee
Rihipsalido psistese. ssa iconrepney seie sensi WATE eat CE RTA Gas varan a MEGE NS
IP Fei fhe raya seach ee Kecs ee yas eee act see ta aes Aa a arcs Creistisnalert GPA SEES yh ae OA MSIE Ra
Acar th orhipsalistc ae oben ere cee y acl aN ties renee pea cise ge epee see
Psetidorbipsal isp gyre ccsictncr sack recy mee icv eee Gare ae rete OT EERE ORE Ee te Po ea eas
JEGjor Saath bbonleresy oie dao sl eicee che Bern cB ces RAMI eS I OED act hol ec ou eraleinte GIST ty a Ghee ani eet
D5 GNB10) G2 act arcadia ouaimaecnd tanto corte ec tee tects Crouioirl Oo ints cuttin area nerete! sir nee
BIEL SAU TS eee ec este te eke st she ere aeRO Ee eR aS TSR aE Rn HS te ea are
VAD PE TLGIXE yee ter ae SVAN ene oe tap cia eh Atae RN Maes ed Shavoyy cleats ee: ee etanverat any, Aureos No
TIN Oh Pie er ates nee eee cee tS MES prs CA aay Ua (eae tenth ete hoe Re RE Be ueie ca
Ill
PLATE
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mp
nal
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES. FACING
PAGE.
. (1) Plant of Coryphantha runyonii from Texas. (2) Plant of Dolichothele sphaerica from
ANSE es OAs GENS Ors CEO GS Gets OR AOe bre Gna ods Goer ee a5 paar omnes Frontispiece
. (x) Fruiting plant of Coryphantha neo-mexicana. (1a) Fruit of same. (2) Top of flowering plant
of Ancistrocactus scheeri. (3) Flowering plant of Cochemiea poselgeri. (3a) Fruit of
same. (35) Seed of same. (4) Flowering plant of Coryphantha cornifera............. 4
(1) Coryphantha nickelsae from Monterey, Mexico. (2) Neobesseya similis from WlexaSe- ace oe 34
Conyphanthayaccreca talhrompATIZ O02 Se ate ela eee eee eee 46
(1) A flowering plant of Coryphantha cubensis. (1a) Fruit of same. (15) Tubercle of same.
(2) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria confusa. (3) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria
geminispina. (4) Top of flowering plant of Coryphantha durangensis. (5) A flower-
ing plant of Coryphantha arizonica. (6) Flowering plant of Coryphantha bumamma.
(7) Flowering plant of Coryphantha chlorantha.........................-......--- 48
. (1) Escobaria runyonii from Texas. (2) Neomammillaria hemisphaerica from Texas.......... 56
. (1) Flowering plant of Escobaria dasyacantha. (2) Fruit of Dolichothele sphaerica. (2a) Seed
of same. (3) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria arida. (4) Flowering plant of
Escobaria bella. (4a) Tubercle of same. (5) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria croci-
data. (6) Flowering plant of Bartschella schumannii. (7) A flowering plant of Neo-
mammillaniay canneas nett rmc teenie Coe eee ee ere ee er eee 58
(1) Fruiting plant of Neomammillaria gaumeri. (2) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria heyderi.
(2a) Fruit of same. (3) Flowering and fruiting plant of Neomammillaria hemisphaerica.
(4) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria compressa. (5) Flowering plant of Neomam-
tnillaria geminispina. (6) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria hemisphaerica........ 72
. (1) Flowering and fruiting plant of Neomammillaria applanata. (2) Top of fruiting plant of Neo-
mammillaria karwinskiana. (3) Top of flowering plant of Neomammillaria aureiceps.
(4) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria macracantha. (5) Fruiting plant of Neomam-
sitll eine ait Ge) CoS b Roe Ais OO Ee So oI S a Bh Obs pO bo nb 6b Coed sam se aor das 76
. (1) Coryphantha sulcata from Sabinal, Texas. (2) Neomammillaria runyonii from Monterey,
IM STC RS GaSe cee OOS aie BU CORES OCIS Sh ceo Seo E OS OMS ape aa oara ans aaS So
. (1) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria magnimamma. (2) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria
karwinskiana. (3) Fruiting plant of Neomammillaria gigantea. (4) Fruiting plant of
INeobesseyaTHHSSOUNIENSIS= 4-75 leer eee one een ee soe ie eee 96
. (1) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria pseudoperbella. (2) Top of flowering plant of Neomam-
millaria spinosissima. (3) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria dealbata. (4) Flowering
plant of Neomammillaria amoena. (5) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria polyedra.
(6) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria celsiana............-..----..--.+-------+---- 110
. (1) Neomammillaria wilcoxii from Calabasas, Arizona. (2) Neomammillaria gaumeri from
Wineatiainy INVESTED: Csoodosgadsbodocnobacusobucdse nso sebosootetuc ceegeousooossouls 154
. (1) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria kunzeana. (2) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria
bocasana. (3) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria decipiens. (4) Top of flowering
plant of Neomammillaria armillata. (5) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria multiceps.
(6) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria multiceps. (7) Flowering plant of Neomam-
millaria palmeri. (8) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria wildii.../..............-- 156
(1) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria bombycina. (2) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria
armillata. (3) Top of flowering plant of Neomammillaria armillata. (4) Flowering plant
of Neomammillaria armillata. (5) Flowering plant of Neomammillaria goodridgei...... 158
. (1) Flowering plant of Epiphyllum darrahii. (2) Top of flowering plant of Epiphyllum pittiert. -- 190
. (1) End of branch of Epiphyllum macropterum. (2) Base of branch of Epiphyllum macrop-
Lagi Ss aus coy Soo Re eno Bac ooo ac ono oR Soeen Uso obooot eBprepoooooeawe pono aS 192
Mpiphyllum-pittiert trom Costa) Ricas se) wet er sel oe ee Se ee Fee Sees arse nels 194
Be piphyllimshooken trom dobagom wWese lndiesy. ee eee yet ie eee i ene ee 198
Becremocactus: bradeteitonin COStay RAGA merry ete tenets ee ett odes teen een enor ee 204
. (1) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis grandiflora. (2) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis lindbergiana.
(3) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis shaferi. (4) Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhipsalis
lindbergiana. (5) Flowering plant of Erythrorhipsalis pilocarpa. (6) Flowering branch
Of Rhipsalisrerand Hora s37 ee erste ere re aaa ate Oa ete ise eie ice eet aerate 208
. (1) Flowering branch of Pfeiffera ianthothele. (2) Flowering and fruiting branch of Lepismicm
cruciforme. (3) Top of fruiting branch of Pfeiffera ianthothele. (4) Flowering and
fruiting branch of Rhipsalis jamaicensis. (5) Flowering branch of Pseudorhipsalis alata.
(6) Flowering and fruiting branch of Pseudorhipsalis himantoclada. (7) Flowering
branchtote Breifierananthotheles= sey nee cece Say a ae Se ocean eee eestor 210
) Flowering branch of Hatiora cylindrica. (2) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis heteroclada.
(3) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis cribrata. (4) Flowering branch of Hatiora salicornioides. 218
IV
PLATE 24.
PLATE 25. (1) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis heteroclada. (2) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis heteroclada.
(3) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis capilliformis. (4) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis virgata. 222
PLATE 26. (1) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis cribrata. (2) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis capilliformis.
(3) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis capilliformis. (4) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis
capilliformis. (5) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis teres............................. 224
PLATE 27. (1) Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhipsalis cassutha. (2) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis bur-
chellii. (3) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis cereuscula................2.........-2--: 226
PLATE 28. (1) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis neves-armondii. (2) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis paradoxa.
(3) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis pulvinigera. (4) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis tucu-
manensis. (5) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis tucumanensis.......................... 228
PLATE 29. (1) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis floccosa. (2) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis floccosa.
(3) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis puniceo-discus. (4) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis
gibberula. (5) Branch of Rhipsalis dissimilis. (6) Flowering and fruiting branch of
TRU ovy ATC GNGo nr ae diet tees ce Bio cl ae Hit ACI acta CMS Gro Rie Deore coke amas 230
PLATE 30. (1) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis gonocarpa. (2) Flowering branches of Rhipsalis warmingiana.
(3) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis tonduzii. (4) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis trigona.
(5) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis pentaptera. (6) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis penta-
NE ia 5 a olerciccs ckoueb Micra. medio ola co cree holed DOL GID Do GUI SIOOCCIOIS OOS Rio G DIO mKOeNOTe Cane Od GrotO 232
PLATE 31. (1) A flowering branch of Rhipsalis grandiflora. (2) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis pulchra.
@)eBlowennebranchvor Rhipsalisysrandifiorase nese eee eee eee e or ee eee 234
PLATE 32. (1) A fruiting branch of Rhipsalis heteroclada. (2) Fruiting branch of Disocactus biformis.
(3) Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhipsalis prismatica. (4) Flowering branch of Rhip-
salis coriacea. (5) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis coriacea. (6) Fruiting branch of Rhip-
Sabi chesmibhs, (7) Mei Or thre Clesmmi.. coooncacseaouoodouadcavousnudcoes 236
PLATE 33. (1) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis houlletiana. (2) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis houlletiana.
(3) Flower of Rhipsalis houlletiana. (4) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis houlletiana...... 238
PLATE 34. (1) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis houlletiana. (2) Flower of Rhipsalis houlletiana. (3) Fruiting
branch of Rhipsalis warmingiana. (4) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis warmingiana...... 240
PLATE 35. (1) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis oblonga. (2) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis elliptica. (3) Flower-
ingubranchiofeRhipsalisucnispatarras seater setae aioe beckhercie edie ot ec 242
PLATE 36. (1) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis pachyptera. (2) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis rhombea.... 244
PLATE 37. (1) A flowering branch of Rhipsalis russellii. (2) Cluster of flowers of Rhipsalis russellii. (3) En-
larged flower of Rhipsalis russellii. (4) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalisrussellii. (5) Fruiting
branch of Rhipsalis crispimarginata. (6) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis pachyptera..... 246
TEXT-FIGURES.
PAGE. PAGE
Fic. 1. Ancistrocactus megarhizus.............. Aa EGa one Cochemicay hal elaeer ante rnd eet tie 21
2a Anicistrocactius scheehipeee Eee ane 5 2am Cochemicasposel feniaee eres eer ee eee 21
3. Ancistrocactus brevihamatus............ 5 24. Fruit and seed of Cochemiea pondil...... 23
Ao Whelocactusinconensis--- 22) .or ee ee 7 24a.Fruit and seed of Cochemiea pondii...... 23
5. Thelocactus phymatothele.............. 7 25. Tubercles of Coryphantha macromeris... 25
Guebhelocactisi pie kiteeee eet seria 9 265) Cony phanthayrecunnyatal eects 27
7. Thelocactus leucacanthus............... 9 27a Cony phatthayeCiinvatane merrier 2
Sa ebhelocactusmidulansy--eel- eases ie 10 28. Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii........... 29
oa bhelocactus fossulatusse ee secre ence a 10 29. Coryphantha bumamma................ 29
To) sbhelocactusstulensiss asses ee eels Il Bom Conyphanthakerectaree set eee ere 2)
Tit, AMANO AS ICO Orsidcoccccaccodgsceaae Il Bie Conyphanthalerectamerre emer tt ericrer irr 2
ee Neollovdiaypilispinaseeeeen eer ees 14 31a.Coryphantha pectinata................. 35
m= Neolloydiayhornipilaseeeeee ee eerere ease: 14 Bb} Cony phanthavechitnusmereee cere nee 35
TAR Ne olloydial clavatayecaa: sre ier 15 32. Coryphantha nickelsae................. 36
T5eNeolloyvdiaiconoidease=eeeee rae ake 15 33. Coryphantha compacta................. 36
Tow Neolloydiajceratiteshr meee eae 17 Bae Cony phanthaadianSenne-c eel 37
TE Neolloydiavconpideasy nee tte Le7i 35. Coryphantha sulcolanata............... 37
TSeeNeolloydia texensissene eae eee. 18 368) Cony,phanthalrecisalseetr thereat: 38
1G), Wikromiloyrs Geils. 5.4 coe ddeccooseavas 19 37. Coryphantha salm-dyckiana............. 38
205 Mamullopsis;senilismems- a eee Sees 19 23s Cony phanthaypallidamemeercrict- erent 40
Die Vamillopsicisentlisnee erence ia 20 39. Coryphantha pycnacantha.............. 40
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES—continued.
(1) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis leucorhaphis.
(3) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis megalantha.
armondii.
Rhipsalis pittieri.
branch of Rhipsalis aculeata.
(5) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis neves-armondii.
(7) Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhipsalis shaferi.
(2) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis leucorhaphis.
(4) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis neves-
(6) Fruiting branch of
(8) Fruiting
(9) Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides.
(10) Flowering branch of Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides..........................
VI ILLUSTRATIONS.
TEXT-FIGURES—continued.
PAGE
Fic. 40. Coryphantha durangensis............... 43
41. Coryphantha durangensis............... 43
42. Coryphantha chlorantha................ 44
43. Coryphantha neo-mexicana............. 44
Zee Conyphanthardesentinaeery rere 46
Ase Conyphanthadesentiqnter see eee 46
46. Flower of Coryphantha deserti.......... 46
47. Coryphantha aggregata................. 47
48. Mammillaria recurvispina............... 47
49. Fruit of Coryphantha sulcata........... 49
50. Neobesseya wissmannii...............-. 52
Ree scohaniantubercilosasesee ee eae 54
52. Escobaria dasyacantha................. 54
Saul scobaniairinyontienee: | eee eee 56
Basel scobanatsneed ites eee eee 56
S5opbanescuellaschumanniin eer eee een: 58
56. Pelecyphora aselliformis................ 58
57. Seed of Phellosperma tetrancistra........ 60
58. Phellosperma tetrancistra............... 61
59. Dolichothele longimamma.............. 61
605) Dolichotheleisphaernicase=- 4 --ee ea 62
61. Dolichothele longimamma.............. 62
62. Dolichothele uberiformis................ 64
628, o0lisiaypectinatasaee een eer erence 64
64. Neomammillaria mammillaris........... 7O
65. Neomammillaria macdougalii............ 7O
66. Neomammillaria nivosa................. 72
67. Neomammillaria macdougalii............ 75
68. Neomammillaria phymatothele.......... 75
69. Neomammillaria phymatothele.......... 77
70. Neomammillaria phymatothele........-.. 77 |
71. Neomammillaria magnimamma.......... 78
72. Neomammillaria macracantha........... 78
72a.Neomammillaria macracantha........... 80
72b.Neomammillaria johnstonil.............. 81
73. Neomammillaria melanocentra.......... 82
74. Neomammillaria seitziama............... 82
75. Neomammnillaria sartorii...........:.... 83
76. Neomammillaria ortegae................ 84
77. Neomammillaria meiacantha............ 85
78. Neomammillaria scrippsiana............ 85
79. Neomammillaria sempervivi............. 86
80. Neomammillaria polythele.............. 86
Siew Neomaminilaniaicarmea sneer nee eee iee 89
82. Neomammillaria lloydii................. 89
83. Neomammillaria zuccariniana........... 90
84. Neomammillaria compressa............. go
85. Neomammillaria compressa............- gI
86. Neomammillaria compressa............. QI
87. Spine-cluster of N. compressa........... 2
88. Neomammillaria compressa............. 2
89. Neomammillaria mystax................ 93
go. Neomammnillaria petterssonii............ 93
gt. Neomammillaria eichlamii.............. 95
2. Neomammillaria karwinskiana........... 95
93. Neomammiillaria standleyi.............. 96
94. Neomammillaria parkinsonii............ 96
g5. Neomammillaria evermanniana.......... o7
96. Neomammnillaria collinsii................ 99
97. Neomammillaria geminispina........... 99
g8. Neomammillaria woburnensis........... 100
99. Neomammniillaria chinocephala........... 100
100. Neomammillaria pyrrhocephala.......... 103
tor. Neomammniillaria polyedra............... 103
102. Neomammillaria tenampensis........... 104
FIG. 103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
iit.
112.
113.
IT4.
115.
I16.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
121d.
122.
PAGE
Neomammnillaria collinsii............... 104
Neomammnillaria conzattii............... 105
Neomammillaria lanata................. 105
Neomammiillaria kewensis............... 106
Neomammillaria subpolyedra............ 106
Neomammiillaria tetracantha............ 108
Neomammillaria elegans................ 108
Neomammillaria pseudoperbella......... 109
Neomammillaria dealbata............... 109
Neomammillaria haageana.............. 110
Neomammillaria mundtii............... 110
Neomammillaria donatii................ Il
Neomammnillaria collina................ III
Neomamnnillaria celsiana............... 112
Neomammillaria aureiceps.............. 113
Neomammillaria aureiceps.............. 113
Neomammillavia yucatanensis........... 114
Neomammiillaria ruestii................- 114
Neomammniillaria pringlei................ 115
Neomammillaria cerralboa.............. 116
Neomammillaria phaeacantha........... 116
. Neomammillaria graessneriana.......... 116
- Neomammillaria spinosissima........... 117
. Neomammillaria spinosissima........... 117
. Neomammillaria densispina............. 119
. Neomammillaria nunezii................ 119
. Neomammillaria nunezii................ 120
. Neomammillaria rhodantha............. 120
. Neomammillaria amoena.............-. 121
. Neomammnillaria plumosa............... 121
. Neomammillaria prolifera............... 125
. Neomammillaria multiceps............-. 125
. Neomammiularia multiceps.............. 126
. Neomammillaria camptotricha........... 127
. Neomammnillaria schiedeana............. 12
. Neomammniillaria lenta.................. 128
. Neomammillaria eriacantha............. 128
. Neomammillaria denudata.............. 12
= Neomammillariail entassereeteeoe eee 129
. Neomammillaria candida............... 130
. Neomamuillaria candida............... 130
. Neomammiullaria vetula................. 131
. Neomammnillaria discolor............... 131
. Neomammniillaria fragilis................ 133
. Neomammillaria elongata............... 133
. Neomammillaria oliviae................ 135
. Neomammillaria echinaria.............. 136
. Neomammillaria rekoi..........:.---..-- 136
. Neomammunillaria pottsii................- 137
. Neomammillaria mazatlanensis.......... 137
Neomammiullaria albicans..........:.... 138
Neomammiillaria slevinii................ 139
Neomammillaria hamata................ 141
Neomammiillaria wildii................. I4I
Neomammnillaria rekoi.................. 142
Neomammnillaria solisii................. 143
Neomammniillaria solisii................. 143
Neomammniillaria seideliana.............. 144
. Neomammiillaria seideliana.............. 144
. Neomammillaria barbata............... 145
. Neomammiullaria mercadensis............- 146
. Neomammillaria multihamata........... 146
Neomammillaria longicoma............. 147
Neomammiillaria bocasana.............. 147
Neomammillaria multiformis............ 148
ILLUSTRATIONS.
vil
TEXT-FIGURES—continued.
PAGE
Fic. 165. Neomammillaria longicoma............. 150
166. Neomammnillaria glochidiata............. 150
167. Neomammillaria trichacantha........... I51
168. Neomammillaria saffordii............... I51
169. Neomammillaria painteri............... 152
170. Neomammillaria microcarpa............ 152
171. Neomammillaria wrightii............... 153
172. Neomammillaria mainae................ 153
172a.Neomammillaria boedekeriana........... 154
173. Neomammillaria microcarpa............ 155
174. Neomammillaria microcarpa............ 155
175. Neomammillaria sheldonii.............. 157
176. Neomammillaria carretii................ 157
177. Neomammillaria zephyranthoides........ 159
178. Neomammillaria bombycina............. 160
179. Neomammillaria occidentalis............ 160
179a.Neomammillaria occidentalis............ 161
180. Neomamunillaria fasciculata............. 162
181. Neomammnillaria longiflora.............. 162
182. Fruit, spine-cluster, and seed of Neomam-
ami ar agtiel SONTReEe re Seri ieee 163
183. Seed and spine-cluster of N. longiflora.... 163
184. Neomammillaria xanthina.............. 164
184a.Neomammillaria milleri................. 176
185. Flowering branch of Zygocactus truncatus. 178
186. Fruiting joint of Zygocactus truncatus.... 178
1S 77,2 OCACUISH EhUINCALISE si. gaia ae ete caer 179
188. Epiphyllanthus obovatus............... 181
189. Epiphyllanthus obovatus............... 181
190. Epiphyllanthus microsphaericus........- 182
191. Epiphyllanthus candidus............... 182
192. Schlumbergera gaertneri................ 183
193. Schlumbergera gaertneri................ 184
194. Top of fruiting branch of Epiphyllum
phyllanthis >see, ert ctee aera oie oie vens 186
195. Seedling of Epiphyllum phyllanthus..... 188
TOOw E pipayllimepumil ime. eee see 189
197. Epiphyllum caudatum.................. 190
1985 piphyllimidarrahit)-+---52- 255) 2n. ose I9I
199. Epiphyllum crenatum.................. 193
200. Epiphyllum macropterum............... 194
201. Epiphyllum guatemalense............... 195
202. Epiphyllum stenopetalum............... 196
203. Tip of branch with flower of Disocactus
bifOnmistess sey en sels oh Dobe etna 201
204s Disocactus) bifonmiss--=- nae eee 201
205 ee DISOcACHISHelCh lam iia ae yin eee tee 202
206m Chiapasiaytel sonia eerie ence: 203
207. Nopalxochia phyllanthoides............. 205
2OsmWilttiaeainaZonicaaerer seer ree reer 206
ZOOuWittias patiatn CHSiSweer reer neriomerr ar 207
21os Whipsalidopsismoseate es a-eee eee ee eee 209
211. Acanthorhipsalis micrantha............. 210
2t2heAcanthorhipsalisycrenatalwna seem ele 211
213. Acanthorhipsalis monacantha........... 212
Fic. 214.
215.
216.
PPP 5
iS}
b hyn ND
OI AM - W
ty RN NNN
on
by tb bh wb NH HN
n
. Dendrocereus' nudiflorus.............-..
= BorzicactuspieldiantSaane ease 277
Pseudorhipsalis himantoclada 213
Top of flowering branch of P. himantoclada 214
Longitudinal section of flower of Pseudo-
thipsalis himantoclada
. Section of flower of Pseudorhipsalis alata. 214
. Flowering branch of Pseudorhipsalis alata. 214
. Unusual form of Hatiora salicornioides.... 217
wHatioraybambusoidesses sens ae 218
peRbipsalisicereiScul ase anl teen 22
Rnipsalisicassuthape eee eee ee 226
Reh psalistshalen ase ens ee 228
. Rhipsalis lumbricoides.................-. 230
= Rhipsalisiloeigrentia-s ee eee 233
eb psalisisul ca taanaaee eee 235
SeRhtpsalisseibberlaneeeee ee ee 235
eeRhipsalissmicranthasse eee eee 239
. Top of fruiting branch of R. ramulosa... 241
mivhipsalisiplaty. carnal seers Gene 242
. Rhipsalis crispimarginata............... 244
> Rhipsalisicrnispatasea eerie earner rice 245
Se Rhipsalis;cnneatace ee ee reer eres 246
-Neoabbottia paniculata................ 248
. Fruit, stem, and seeds of Opuntia wet-
MOTEL Sars eed cos 3.e Sane EA eee 255
SO punttiasinpedatass pean eee aa ae 257
SOptntiaspiscitonmiSh eee net 258
© puntiavebiunnis pinanee erie 260
SO puntiajma chrideiaeeeeeen reece 261
Si Ceretis)tisonodendronyse ener 267
. Flower of Cephalocereus purpusii........ 269
. Flower of Cephalocereus purpusii........ 269
= .Cephalocereusicollinsiitas-- eee 270
pePachyceretisy prin ol einem eee eee ee 271
. Pachycereus lepidanthus............... 272
. Pachycereus lepidanthus............... 272
. Lemaireocereus eichlamii.............--- 273
pWemaireoceretsibeneckelheeser praesent 274
. Branch, old flowers, and seeds of Penio-
Ceretis jOhuStomileis mers 275
Borzicactiusmieldiantisaemee eee eee 277
sBorzicactus neldianussees sles 278
= sBorzicactus fieldianusseee em eae 278
peBorzicactus fheldiantstesem cia 278
. Binghamia multangularis............... 279
. Flower of Neoabbottia paniculata....... 280
. Fruit of Neoabbottia paniculata......... 280
= Neoabbottiaypaniculatasnepreer ieee ere 281
. Neoabbottia paniculata................. 282
. Neoabbottia paniculata................. 282
p welenicereusimelsoniite ep ae eae eer 284
Bn CactissoaxacCensiSanee anne nears 289
. Hillside covered with giant cactus, Car-
Megiaseigantealsesememie sche sei ra 290
THE CACTACEAE
Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus
Family
DESCRIPTIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLANTS OF THE
CACTUS FAMILY. >
Tribe 3. CEREEAE.
Subtribe 6. CORYPHANTHANAE.
Terrestrial, spiny, low cacti, mostly globose, sometimes cylindric, rarely elongated, 1-jointed,
solitary or cespitose, tuberculate, the tubercles numerous; tubercles usually arranged in spirals; juice
watery or milky ; flowers always solitary at areoles, either at top or side of plant, but never at spine-
areoles, large or small, regular (except in the genus Cochemiea) ; ovary naked or bearing a few scales;
fruit a green or red indehiscent berry (except in the genus Bartschella); seeds small, brown or black.
We recognize 14 genera.
Key To GENERA.
A. Ovary more or less scaly (not known in Mamillopsis).
Flower campanulate with short tube.
SOMLELOLS DITIES PLOOKE Aree eee Ne a eR ST eee I Ta eee ee A 1. Ancistrocactus (p. 3)
None of spines hooked (see species No. 2 in Neolloydia).
Tubercles not deeply grooved; fruit scaly ....................00-0eeeee 2. Thelocactus (p. 6)
Tubercles deeply grooved; fruit nearly naked .......................0.- 3. Neolloydia (p. 14)
Hlower-tubeelonratedyscalymmancne inact ee oan 4. Mamiullopsis (p. 19)
AA. Ovary naked or nearly so.
IB}. INO Herdswiba tesa Ul Chaat aati lens asml Plone RS tA Ne acy Cen RCE elec WIENER TNT ot eens melee te Aa 5. Cochemiea (p. 21)
BB. Flowers regular.
C. Flowers central, borne in axils of young, usually nascent, tubercles, large
(except in genus No. 8); tubercles containing a watery juice; fruit dull
green or red; seeds brown or black.
D. Tubercles grooved on upper side; flowers borne at base of groove.
Seeds mostly light brown; fruit greenish or yellowish even when
Maire wr penin seSlowlyncrene cee ier ence irene 6. Coryphantha (. 23)
Seeds black to dark brown; fruit red, maturing rapidly.
Tubercles long, not numerous, not persisting as woody knobs; aril
aia'seedilanger ch us seratmatascen tn pneu Auhcrn ia ieual apa er eieue mn eMail 7. Neobesseya (p. 51)
‘Tubercles short, numerous, persisting after spines fall off as woody
knobss,arilzofsseedysmallt Aart aera iinai eae cic 8. Escobaria (p. 53)
DD. Tubercles not grooved above.
Fruit circumscissile; tubercles fleshy; spines acicular............ 9. Bartschella (p. 57)
Fruit not circumscissile; tubercles woody; spines pectinate....... 10. Pelecyphora (p. 59)
CC. Flowers lateral, borne in axils of old and mature tubercles; these never
grooved above.
SeedsiwithgamlangescorkywanilMer arsenic se tenn crace Lenn nonce 11. Phellosperma (p. 60)
Seeds without a corky aril.
Flowers large with an elongated tube; tubercles elongated, flabby.... 12. Dolichothele (p. 61)
Flowers small, campanulate; tubercles not flabby.
Hilum of seed large; tubercles lactiferous; spines pectinate...... 13. Solisia (p. 64)
Hilum of seed minute; tubercles sometimes lactiferous, but not in
species with black seeds; spines not pectinate.............. 14. Neomammillaria (p. 65)
1. ANCISTROCACTUS gen. nov.
Small, globular or short-cylindric plants, indistinctly ribbed, strongly tubercled, very spiny,
one of central spines always hooked; flowering tubercles more or less grooved on upper side; flowers
rather small, short, funnelform, borne at top of plant; ovary small, bearing a few thin scales, these
always naked in their axils; fruit oblong, greenish, juicy, thin-walled, usually naked below but with
a few broad cordate, thin-margined scales above; seeds globular, rather large, brownish to black,
the papillae low, flattened; hilum large, depressed, sub-basal, surrounded by a thick rim.
Type species: Echinocactus megarhizus Rose.
Engelmann in describing Echinocactus scheert, one of the species of this genus, refers
to its anomalous characters when he says:
“Seeds are large, about 1 line long, 0.8 line in diameter, with very minute and flattened tuber-
cles, brown (the only Echinocactus with seeds of that color known to me); hilum large and circular,
surrounded by a thick rim; albumen very small; embryo curved but cotyledons small, connate, more
like those of a Mammillaria, separating on the curvature and not at the end of the hook, as in all
other hooked embryos of Cactaceae known to me.” (Cact. Mex. Bound. 19. 1859.)
3
4 THE CACTACEAE.
The generic name is from ayxtotpov fish-hook, and xaxros cactus, referring to the
long, hooked central spines.
Ancistrocactus was used by Schumann for a subgenus of Echinocactus. We recognize
three species in the genus, occurring in southern Texas and northern Mexico.
Coulter (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 368, 369) calls attention to grooved areoles of
Echinocactus brevihamatus resembling those of Coryphantha and Echinocactus scheert.
KEY TO SPECIES.
Radial spines 20 or more, strongly appressed, pectinate; flowering areolesnaked.......... 1. A. megarhizus
Radial spines 18 or fewer, more or less spreading, hardly pectinate; flowering areoles woolly.
Groove half length of tubercle; flower greenish; radial spines 15 to 18.............. 2. A. scheeri
Groove extending full length of tubercle; flower rose-colored; radial spines usually 12. 3. A. brevihamatus
1. Ancistrocactus megarhizus (Rose).
Echinocactus megarhizus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 290. 1909.
Solitary or in clusters of 3 or 4; plant body nearly globular or a little elongated, 5 to 8 cm. high,
usually solitary, from large and fleshy roots; ribs spiral, divided into dark-green tubercl-s, 4 to 5
X= > ee Oe
Fic. 1.—Ancistrocactus megarhizus.
em. high; radial spines 20 or more, pectinate, at first pale yellow, in age white; in seedlings the
spines pubescent; central spines usually 4, the 3 upper similar to the radials, although a little stouter
and in young areoles not easily distinguished from them, the lower central spines stout and strongly
hooked, 15 mm. long; flowers not seen; fruit green, suggesting that of a Coryphantha, clavate, bearing
a few naked scales near top; seed black, smooth, shining.
Type locality: Near Victoria, Mexico.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Text-figure 1 is from a photograph of the type specimen collected by Dr. Edward
Palmer.
2. Ancistrocactus scheeri (Salm-Dyck).
Echinocactus scheert * Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 155. 1850.
Globular to clavate, 3.5 to 5 cm. long; ribs usually 13, indistinct, somewhat spiraled, strongly
divided into stout, terete tubercles grooved only to middle; radial spines 15 to 18, spreading, 12
* This name was originally spelled Echinocactus scheerit.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
PLATE II
M. E. Eaton del. AHoen Co, Baltimore.
1. Fruiting plant of Coryphantha neo-mexicana. 3a. Fruit of same.
la. Fruit of same. 36. Seed of same.
2. Top of flowering plant of Ancistrocactus scheert. 4, Flowering plant of Coryphantha cornifera.
3. Flowering plant of Cochemiea poselgert.
oF
hte
ANCISTROCACTUS. 5
mm. long or less, white to straw-colored; central spines 3 or 4, the lowest one strongly hooked;
flowers small, 2.5 cm. long, greenish yellow; ovary small, nearly naked; seeds large (about 2 mm,
long), brown and minutely tuberculate (according to Coulter).
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Southern Texas and northern Mexico.
It is probable that this species is based on Potts’s specimen from Chihuahua and, if
so, may be a different species from the one described by Engelmann, which he said was
“‘a most elegant little species, one and a half to two inches high; larger spines black and
white variegated.” We have not seen Potts’s plant, but it was referred here by Hemsley.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 17; Riimpler, Sukkulenten f. 105; Cact. Journ.
1: pl. for March; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 156. f. 84, as Echinocactus scheert.
Plate 1, figure 2, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Laredo, Texas, in 1913, which
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1914. Text-figure 2 is from a photograph
taken by Robert Runyon of a plant collected in 1921 near Brownsville, Texas.
Fic. 2.—Ancistrocactus scheeri. Fic. 3.—Ancistrocactus brevihamatus.
3. Ancistrocactus brevihamatus (Engelmann).
Echinocactus brevihamatus Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 271. 1856.
Echinocactus scheert brevthamatus Weber in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 336. 1898.
Globular to obovoid, 5 to 10 cm. high, 5 to 7.5 cm. in diameter, dark green; ribs usually 13,
compressed, strongly tubercled; tubercles grooved on upper side from spine-cluster to base, the
groove woolly; radial spines 10 to 14, terete, white, 10 to 20 mm. long; central spines 4, the lower
one porrect, hooked at apex; flowers rose-colored, 25 to 32 mm. long, not so broad as long; inner
perianth-segments 15 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; mid-rib darker colored than margins; fruit about 1.5
cm. long, thin-walled, nearly naked; seeds brownish black, about 2 mm. long, smooth or with low
flattened papillae, with a deep-set basal hilum.
Type locality: On the San Pedros, Texas.
Distribution: Southern Texas.
Illustrations: Haage and Schmidt, Haupt-Verz. Cact. 1908: 226; Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk. 157. f. 85, as Echinocactus scheeri brevihamatus; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 18, 19;
Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 3, f. 3; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 516. f. 64; Riimpler,
Sukkulenten 186. f. 104; Blanc, Cacti 41. No. 414; Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°:
162. f. 56, Cc, as Echinocactus brevihamatus.
Text-figure 3 is a reproduction of plate 18 of the Cactaceae of the Mexican Boundary
Survey.
6 THE CACTACEAE.
2. THELOCACTUS (Schumann) Britton and Rose, Bull. Torr. Club 49: 251. 1922.
Cacti of medium size, globular or somewhat depressed, spiny, often densely so; ribs few, low
or even indefinite, divided into large, often spiraled, tubercles; flowering tubercles more or less
grooved above; flowers from near center of plant, borne on very young tubercles, rather large for
the subtribe, campanulate, diurnal; scales on ovary usually few, their axils naked; fruit so far as
known dry, dehiscing by a basal pore; seeds black, finely tuberculate, with a large basal hilum.
Type species: Echinocactus hexaedrophorus Lemaire.
The generic name is from @n\7 nipple, and cactus, referring to the tubercled ribs.
Thelocactus was used for a subgenus of Echinocactus by Schumann; he described it with
“ribs mostly divided into spirally disposed tubercles or mamillae, not protruding like a
chin at base; spines straight or slightly curved.’”’ He referred to the group a number of
diverse species representing several generic types, some of which we took up in Volume III.
We recognize 12 species, all native of Mexico.
To this genus we have referred the Echinocacti of previous authors which seem to
intergrade with the Coryphanthanae. The group is perhaps complex and may contain
two or more distinct genera, but most of the species are little known.
KEY TO SPECIES.
Ribs indefinite, strongly tubercled.
Spines all straight.
Tubercles not flattened laterally; radial spines 6 tog..................-+---+--- 1. T. hexaedrophorus
Tubercles flattened laterally; spines 1 to 5.
Blowers white sc eieis cpt ects ee egos ace Sid 5S eS SEE ie RS Se 2. T. rinconensis
Flowers not white.
Hlowers:salmonste yellows asssc26 s-2 eee he eine ae Ree eee 3. LT. lophothele
IRTOWELES FOS=D Ur ple paper seeps i Se te oe whee eer Sees eee ae ee LSS ae ees 4. T. phymatothele
Somielolispines!curvedtortwardle pes tevcuscn eae eae He Oe eon 5. T. buekiw
Ribs definite, but more or less divided into tubercles.
Flowers yellowish.
RSTO STRONG ects a eet to ner aan at oy Sin cen eres iE a reer meee aS ae ie one 6. T. leucacanthus
RI DSe2 OM ON2 5 reer rpeier emcee tens Bae Ess cade) her eae oo hee Sa ee 7. T. nidulans
Flowers red to purple.
Spines all straight.
DUTIES Stl DTTC Saar fern ne ce eg oy ese ae my Ia ze ea TCR A ce ene ees 8. T. fossulatus
SPINS AciCUla TAs eA een ake Ae Gates eae See or eels ORE es eRe g. T. tulensis
Spines more or less curved.
Spines: Shore were ete arteries acer ke ele eee elec ee ar Roane ae ORO ton 10. T. lloydit
Spines numerous.
Central spines flexible, usually straight, porrect or ascending........... 11. T. bicolor
Central spines subulate, rigid, some of them curved and reflexed....... - 12. J. pottsw
1. Thelocactus hexaedrophorus (Lemaire) Britton and Rose, Bull. Torr. Club 49: 251. 1922
Echinocactus hexaedrophorus Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 27. 1839.
Echinocactus hexaedrophorus roseus Lemaire in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 251. 1853.
Echinocactus hexaedrophorus labouretianus Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 438. 1808.
Echinocactus hexaedrophorus major Quehl in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 438. 1898.
Globose or somewhat flattened above or umbilicate, glaucous, strongly tubercled, not ribbed,
13 to 14 cm. in diameter; tubercles prominent, somewhat 6-sided, 27 mm. broad at base, arranged
in indefinite spirals; radial spines 6 to 9, spreading, unequal, 11 to 18 mm. long, rigid, straight,
subulate, annulate; central spine much stouter than the radials, erect, 2.3 to 3 cm. long; flowers
large, 5.5 cm. long and broader than long when expanded; perianth-segments oblong, purplish;
stigma-lobes yellowish white.
Type locality: Tampico, Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
Schumann refers a plant from San Luis Potosi* to this species. The type, however,
is said to have come from Tampico on the coast, while San Luis Potosi is on the table-land at
an altitude of 7,000 feet or more, and such an altitudinal distribution is not to be expected.
It is possible, but hardly probable, that the plant was actually collected at San Luis Potosi
but shipped from Tampico, the port of San Luis Potosi, as such mistakes were common
in the early shipments of cacti. Thus, species are attributed to Buenos Aires which came
* This plant of the table-land is Echinocactus fossulatus Scheidweiler.
THELOCACTUS. 7
from northwestern Argentina, and Echinocactus insculptus, referred to below, although
reported from Buenos Aires, is really of Mexican origin.
Echinocactus insculptus Scheidweiler (Hort. Belge 4: 120. pl. 7. 1837) is referred here
by Schumann, but the illustration indicates a very different plant.
Echinocactus labouretianus, referred by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 438. 1898) to
Cels’s Catalogue, probably never described, is to be referred here.
Illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: 181; Lemaire, Icon. Cact. pl. 4; Dict. Gard. Nicholson
1: f. 690; Balt. Cact. Journ. 2: 196; Riimpler, Sukkulenten 182. f. ro1; Knippel, Kakteen
pl. 12; Amer. Gard. 11: 461; Blanc, Cacti 45. No. 508; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 437.
f. 76; Watson, Cact. Cult. 105. f. 36; ed. 3. f. 25, as Echinocactus hexaedrophorus.
Fic. 4.—Thelocactus rinconensis. Fic. 5.—Thelocactus phymatothele.
2. Thelocactus rinconensis (Poselger).
Echinocactus rinconensis * Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23: 18. 1855.
Simple, globose or somewhat depressed, 6 to 8 cm. high, 12 cm. in diameter; ribs somewhat
spiraled, strongly tubercled; tubercles more or less flattened laterally, somewhat angled; spines
usually only 3, acicular, 1.5 cm. long; flowers white, 4 cm. long; inner perianth-segments lanceolate,
acute.
Type locality: Near Rinconada, Mexico.
Distribution: Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
We do not know this species definitely, but we suspect that the plant collected and
illustrated by Safford as Echinocactus lophothele belongs here.
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 433. f. 75; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk.
197. f. 130, as Echinocactus rinconadensis; (?) Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 3, f. 1,
as E-chinocactus lophothele.
Text-figure 4 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above.
3. Thelocactus lophothele (Salm-Dyck) Britton and Rose, Bull. Torr. Club 49: 251. 1922.
Echinocactus lophothele Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 395. 1850.
Simple, or in its native state cespitose, globose, sometimes depressed or short-cylindric, up to
25 cm. high, glaucous; ribs indefinite, strongly tuberculate; tubercles flattened; areoles depressed,
* Because this species came from Rinconada, Schumann (Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 364: 189. 1894) has
changed the name to Echinocactus rinconadensis.
8 THE CACTACEAE.
grayish lanate when young; radial spines 3 to 5, stout, purplish brown, 1 to 3 cm. long; central spines
wanting or solitary; flowers salmon to yellow, about 5 cm. broad; perianth-segments nearly linear,
acute; scales of ovary glabrous, 6 mm. long.
Type locality: Near Chihuahua.
Distribution: Chihuahua, Mexico.
Our description is drawn mostly from the figure in Bliihende Kakteen, plate 126.
We have seen flowering specimens of what is called this species at La Mortola, Italy.
Although the type came from Chihuahua, we have seen no plant from that region which
answers it.
There is a plant in collections, passing as Echinocactus lophothele longispinus (Monats-
schr. Kakteenk. 15: 138. 1905), which we do not know.
Illustrations: Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 196. f. 129; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 126;
Weinberg, Cacti 12; Blane, Cacti 48. No. 560, as Echinocactus lophothele.
4. Thelocactus phymatothele (Poselger).
Echinocactus phymatothelos * Poselger in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 602. 1885.
Simple, depressed-globose, 5 cm. high, 9 to 10 cm. in diameter; ribs 13, glaucous-green, divided
into low irregular tubercles, these somewhat flattened and pointed; spines usually 1 to 3, sometimes
wanting, subulate, rigid, 2 cm. long, brown, spreading; flowers 6 cm. broad; inner perianth-segments
rose-purple to pinkish, narrow, acute; scales on ovary and flower-tube acute.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Mexico.
This plant is evidently related to Thelocactus lophothele.
Illustrations: Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 474. f. 6, No. 24; Blithende Kakteen
3: pl. 130, as Echinocactus phymatothelos.
Text-figure 5 is reproduced from the second illustration above cited.
5. Thelocactus buekii (Klein).
Echinocactus buekit { Klein, Gartenflora 8: 257. 1859.
Stems simple, deep green; tubercles distinct, somewhat pointed, angled; spines about 7, red-
dish, unequal, some of them outwardly curved, the longer ones much elongated; flowers dark red;
inner perianth-segments narrow.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Schumann refers this species to Echinocactus tulensis, but it is clearly different from
his illustration of that species. Its relationship must be rather with Thelocactus rinconensis
(see Schumann’s figure, No. 75).
This plant is probably named for Dr. Johannes Nicolaus Biick, a botanist and physi-
cian of Frankfurt, Germany, and author of the Index to De Candolle’s Prodromus.
Illustration: Gartenflora 8: pl. 266, as Echinocactus buekit.
Text-figure 6 is reproduced from the illustration cited above.
6. Thelocactus leucacanthus (Zuccarini).
Echinocactus leucacanthus Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 66. 1837.
Cereus tuberosus Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 102. 1837.
Cereus maelenti Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 5: 378. 1837.
Echinocactus porrectus Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 17. 1838.
Echinocactus subporrectus Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 25. 1838.
Echinocactus maelenii t Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1842. 18. 1843.
Mammillaria maelenii Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 14. 1845.
Echinocactus leucacanthus tuberosus Forster, Handb. Cact. 287. 1846.
Echinocactus leucacanthus crassior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 35. 1850.
Echinocactus theloideus Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 396. 1850.
_ * This is the original spelling of the name, but it is sometimes written Echinocactus phymatothele, the ending
being the usual one for specific names of this kind.
T The original spelling of this name was buckii, but on the accompanying plate it was buekii.
t This name is spelled macleanii by Hemsley (Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 534. 1880).
THELOCACTUS. 9
Densely cespitose, short-cylindric, 10 to 15 cm. long; ribs 8 to 13, sometimes spiraled, obtuse,
tubercled; radial spines 7 to 20, at first light yellow, in age gray, spreading or recurved, unequal,
the longer ones 4 cm. long, more or less annulate; central spine solitary, at first blackish, but in age
gray, up to 5 cm. long; flowers yellow, 5 cm. long; inner perianth-segments numerous, lanceolate,
acute; ovary and flower-tube bearing broad imbricated scales.
Type locality: Near Zimapan, Mexico.
Dist-ibution: Zimapan and Ixmiquilpan, Mexico.
We are inclined to refer here Echinocactus ehrenbergu Pfeiffer (Allg. Gartenz. 6: 275.
1838), which, according to Schumann, also came from Ixmiquilpan, Mexico. In his mono-
graph Schumann describes the flowers as yellow like those of E. leucacanthus, but in his
English Keys he says that the flowers are rose-red. Dr. Rose, who collected in this region
in 1905, found only one species of this relationship.
Fic. 6.—Thelocactus buekii. Fic. 7.—Thelocactus leucacanthus.
Echinocactus tuberosus Salm-Dyck (Forster, Handb. Cact. 287. 1846) is known only as
a synonym.
Echinocactus tuberosus subporrectus (Forster, Handb. Cact. 523. 1846) belongs here.
Illustrations: Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 14; Abh. Bayer. Akad.
Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 2, f. 10; pl. 3, f. 4, as Echinocactus leucacanthus.
Figure 7 is from a photograph of the plant collected by Dr. Rose at Ixmiquilpan in
1905.
7. Thelocactus nidulans (Quehl).
Echinocactus nidulans Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 119. 1911.
Simple, depressed-globose, 10 cm. high, sometimes 20 cm. in diameter, gray, usually glaucous;
ribs 20 to 25, rather indistinct, divided into tubercles; spines about 15, all similar, 2 to 6 cm. long;
flowers 4 cm. long, yellowish white.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 51; Alianza Cientifica Universal 3: II4, as
Echinocactus nidulans.
Figure 8 is from a photograph given to Dr. Rose by Frantz de Laet in 1912.
Io THE CACTACEAE.
8. Thelocactus fossulatus (Scheidweiler).
Echinocactus fossulatus Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9:49. 1841.
Echinocactus hexaedrophorus subcostatus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 34. 1850.
Echinocactus hexaedrophorus fossulatus Salm-Dyck in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 251. 1853.
Globose to much depressed, 10 to 15 cm. in diameter; ribs usually 13, slightly glaucous, bronzed;
tubercles large, somewhat flabby, more or less compressed, dorsally somewhat angled; flowering
areoles narrow, sometimes extending forward to next tubercle; radial spines 4 or 5, unequal, 1 to
3.5 cm. long, brown; central spine solitary, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, subulate, annulate; flowers nearly
white or slightly tinged with pink; scales on flower-tube ovate, their scarious margins slightly
ciliate.
Type locality: Near San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Distribution: San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Fic. 8.—Thelocactus nidulans. Fic. 9.—Thelocactus fossulatus.
Somewhat similar to the foregoing species is C. A. Purpus’s No. 15 from Minas de San
Rafael, Mexico. This plant has more rounded tubercles, only 4 spines, these all radial and
2 cm. long or less, somewhat flattened.
Thelocactus fossulatus is certainly distinct from Thelocactus hexaedrophorus, differing
in the arrangement of the tubercles and in the color of the flowers. The former is from
an altitude of 7,000 feet, while the other is from near sea-level.
Echinocactus drageanus (Moerder, Rev. Hort. 67: 186. 1895) and E. droegeanus Hild-
mann (Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 438. 1898) probably belong here, although the latter
is referred by Schumann to Echinocactus hexaedrophorus. ‘This may be the plant, judging
from the name and authorities mentioned, which Schelle (Handb. Kakteenk. 257. 1907)
refers to as WVammillaria rhodantha droegeana Schumann (MV. droegeana Hildmann). Schelle
questions whether it may not be a distinct species, presumably a Mammiullaria.
Illustrations: Scientific Amer. 124: 492, as Echinocactus; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 73: pl.
4311; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 13, f. 3, as Echinocactus hexaedrophorus; Pfeiffer,
Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 13, as Echinocactus fossulatus; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 27: 41,
as Echinocactus hexaedrophorus droegeanus.
Figure 9 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. Edward Palmer at San Luis
Potosi, Mexico, in 1905.
THELOCACTUS. II
9. Thelocactus tulensis (Poselger).
Echinocactus tulensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 125. 1853.
Plant simple to abundantly cespitose, globular to short-cylindric, up to 25 cm. high; ribs 8 to
13, strongly tubercled; radial spines 6 to 8, more or less spreading, 10 to 15 mm. long, brownish;
central spines solitary or sometimes 2, 3 cm. long; flowers 2.5 cm. long, rose-colored; inner perianth-
segments linear-oblong, acute.
Type locality: Near Tula, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Distribution: Tamaulipas, Mexico.
We have not seen this plant but we have seen two good illustrations. It is closely
related to Thelocactus hexaedrophorus.
Illustrations: Bliihende Kakteen 1: pl. 18; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 431. f. 74,
as Echinocactus tulensis.
Figure 10 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above.
Fic. 10.—Thelocactus tulensis. Fic. 11.—Thelocactus bicolor.
10. Thelocactus lloydii sp. nov.
Plants simple, depressed-globose, 8 to 12 cm. broad, pale bluish green, strongly tubercled and
strongly armed; tubercles conspicuous but low, often wider than long, sometimes 4 cm. wide; flower-
ing groove rather conspicuous but narrow, extending from spines to about half-way to axil of tubercle;
spines usually 8, sometimes with a smaller accessory one, all ascending from base and curved out-
ward from middle, terete or somewhat angled at base, often highly colored below with sharp yellow-
ish-crimson tips, the longer ones 6 cm. long; outer perianth-segments very pale purple, never deep
purplish pink; filaments white; anthers deep yellow; style yellowish, pinkish at top; stigma-lobes
pinkish yellow.
Collected by F. E. Lloyd in northern Zacatecas, Mexico, May 25, 1908 (No. 33).
11. Thelocactus bicolor (Galeotti) Britton and Rose, Bull. Torr. Club 49: DE, WCWLs
Echinocactus bicolor Galeotti in Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 25. 1848.
Echinocactus rhodophthalmus Hooker in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 76: pl. 4486. 1850.
Echinocactus rhodophthalmus ellipticus Hooker in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 78: pl. 4634. 1852.
Echinocactus ellipticus Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. 3: pl. 270. 1853.
Echinocactus bicolor schottii Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 277. 1856.
Echinocactus bolansis Riinge, Gartenflora 38: 106. 1889.
fchinocactus bicolor bolansis Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 303. 1898.
Echinocactus bicolor tricolor Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 303. 1898.
Echinocactus schottit Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 814. 1903.
12 THE CACTACEAE.
Plants simple, globose to conic, glaucous, small, up to 3 cm. high, very spiny; ribs usually 8,
broad, somewhat tubercled; areoles approximate; spines highly colored, sometimes bright red or
yellowish or red and yellow; radial spines 9 to 18, widely spreading or sometimes bent backward at tip,
3 em. long or less; central spines usually 4, ascending or porrect, all straight, 3 to 5 cm. long, subu-
late; flowers large, 5 to 6 cm. long and fully as broad when expanded; outer perianth-segments pale
purple; inner perianth-segments deep purplish pink, oblong, acute; scales on ovary and flower-tube
imbricated, ovate, with scarious and ciliate margins; filaments white to purple; stigma-lobes pale to
pinkish yellow; fruit small, about 1 cm. long, dehiscing by a large irregular basal opening; seeds 2
mmm. long, black, broader at apex, tuberculate with a circular and depressed basal hilum.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Southern Texas to central Mexico.
Echinocactus tricolor, E. castaniensis, and E. bicolor montemorelanus Weber (all in
Dict. Hort. Bois 465. 1896) are usually referred here but were never described.
Illustrations: Jard. Fleur 3: pl. 270, as Echinocactus ellipticus; Gartenflora 38: 106. f.
21, as Echinocactus bolansis; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 76: pl. 4486; Jard. Fleur 1: pl. 101; Loudon,
Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1377. f. 19375; Gard. Mag. Bot. 1: 40, as E. rhodophthalmus; Curtis’s
Bot. Mag. 78: pl. 4634, as E. rhodophthalmus ellipticus; Karsten and Schenck, Vegeta-
tionsbilder 2: pl. 20, c; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 25; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kak-
teen Nachtr. 87. f. 14; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 13, f. 2; Blithende Kakteen 2:
pl. 74; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 7; 29: 81; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 157. f. 86; Blane,
Cacti 41. No. 412, as E. bicolor.
Figure 11 is from a photograph taken by Robert Runyon at Saltillo, Mexico, in 1921.
12. Thelocactus pottsii (Salm-Dyck).
Echinocactus pottsii * Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 395. 1850.
Echinocactus bicolor pottsit Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 173. 1850.
Echinocactus heterochromus Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 466. 1896.
Globular or somewhat depressed, ro to 15 cm. in diameter, somewhat glaucous, yellowish;
ribs 8 or 9, broad and obtuse, more or less distinctly tubercled; areoles large, closely set on old plants,
densely felted when young, naked in age; spines variable as to number, shape, size, and color; radial
spines 7 to 10, acicular, usually terete, straight or incurved, more or less banded with red and white
or pale yellow, 1 to 3 cm. long; central spines several, stout-subulate, more or less flattened, 3 or
4 cm. long, often white, but sometimes banded with red; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long; scales on ovary
and flower-tube ovate, greenish; margins thin and ciliate; inner perianth-segments light purple,
darker at base, oblong; stigma-lobes yellow; fruit globose, small, 1.5 cm. in diameter; seed tubercu-
ate, black, truncate at base, ridged on back; hilum basal, white, circular.
Type locality: Near Chihuahua City.
Distribution: Chihuahua to Coahuila, Mexico.
There are three illustrations passing as Echinocactus potisii, none of which agrees with
the original description of Salm-Dyck. Two of these are in Nicholson’s Dictionary (Dict.
Gard. 4: 540. f. 23 and Suppl. f. 359) where the species is described as follows: flowers
yellow, about 2 inches across, short-tubed, several expanding together at the top of the
stem; stem globular, 114 feet in diameter: ridges about a dozen, rounded and even, with
acute sinuses; spines 1 inch long, bristle-like, arranged in clusters of 7 or 9, with a cushion
of white wool at the base.
Nicholson indicates that his plant of E. pottsii was from California and introduced
into cultivation in 1840. There is no Californian species which answers this description
or illustration.
The other illustration is Schumann’s (Gesamtb. Kakteen 328. f. 57), which is somewhat
similar to the above. Schumann states that the radial spines are commonly 6, spreading
and yellow; central spines solitary. We are not able to identify this illustration; it sug-
gests some Echinocereus as much as it does an Echinocactus.
* Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 35. 1850) credits this name to Scheer.
THELOCACTUS. 13
Illustrations: Knippel, Kakteen pl. 7, in part; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 144. f. 70,
as Echinocactus heterochromus ; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 540. f. 23; Suppl. 336. f. 359; Schu-
mann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 328. f. 57; Garden 2: 521; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 53; Schelle,
Handb. Kakteenk. 155. f. 82; Watson, Cact. Cult. 117. f. 43, as Echinocactus pottsit.
PUBLISHED SPECIES, POSSIBLY OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.
ECHINOCACTUS CONOTHELOS Regel and Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860: 48. 1860.
Ovoid to subeylindric, 10 cm. high, 7.5 cm. in diameter, grayish green; ribs somewhat spiraled,
somewhat tubercled at base, the lower tubercles 12 to 20 mm. long; upper areoles oblique, white-
tomentose; radial spines 14 to 16, white, spreading to recurved, 8 to 10 mm. long; central spines
2 to 4, erect or a little spreading and recurved, stouter and longer than the radials, 13 to 34 mm.
long; flowers and fruit unknown.
Type locality: Near Tanquicillos and Jaumave, Mexico.
This plant was collected by Karwinsky and is known only from his collection. The
authors refer the species to Salm-Dyck’s section of the Theloidei, which, however, is a
very diverse group containing representatives of several genera. Schumann was unable to
place the species; it may be related to some species of Thelocactus.
ECHINOCACTUS HEXAEDRUS Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6: 89. 1839.
Globose to oblong-ovate, glaucous; ribs 18, tuberculate; tubercles 6-angled, gibbous below
areoles; areoles oblong, lanate; spines 13, white with purplish bases; lowermost spine longest; central
spines 2, either straight or recurved; flowers and fruit unknown.
Type locality:.San Luis Potosi.
ECHINOCACTUS SAUSSIERI Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 468. 1896.
Depressed-globose, 15 to 20 em. in diameter; ribs spiraled, strongly tubercled; radial spines 9,
grayish white, 15 mm. long; central spines 4, acicular, 3 to 4 cm. long; flowers purplish, 4 cm. in
diameter; inner perianth-segments lanceolate; stamens and style yellow.
Type locality: Matehuala, state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
We know this species from the brief description only and are unable to determine its
relationship.
ECHINOCACTUS SMITHII Miithlenpfordt in Otto and Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 370. 1846.
Simple, globose to cylindric, 7 cm. in diameter; ribs 21, often spiraled, strongly tubercled, glau-
cous; radial spines 20 to 27, setaceous, white, 16 mm. long; central spines 4, the upper one flattened,
white with brown or black tips; flowers reddish, 3.5 cm. long; fruit globular, 8 mm. in diameter;
seed nearly globular, flattened at the hilum.
Type locality: San Luis Potosi.
We know this species from description only and are unable to assign it to any genus.
ECHINOCACTUS VARGASII Regel and Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860: 48. 1860.
Globose, 5 cm. high, 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles rather large, somewhat angled, arranged in
spirals; radial spines 5 or 6, terete, subulate, brownish, 2 to 6 mm. long; central spine 1, erect, 12
mim. long; flowers and fruit unknown.
Type locality: Mexico, near Rio Blanco.
Schumann did not know this plant nor do we, but to us it suggests a Thelocactus. The
authors of the species compared it with Echinocactus poselgerianus, now referred to Cory-
phantha, and with E. phymatothelos.
14 THE CACTACEAE.
3. NEOLLOYDIA Britton and Rose, Bull. Torr. Club 49: 251. 1922.
Small, more or less cespitose cacti, fibrous-rooted, cylindric, densely spiny, tubercled; tubercles
more or less arranged on spiraled ribs, grooved above; radial spines numerous, widely spreading;
central spines one to several, much stouter and longer than radials; flowers large, pink or purple,
subcentral from axils of nascent tubercles, their segments widely spreading; fruit compressed-
globose, dull-colored, thin-walled, becoming papery, dry, with few scales or none; seeeds globose,
black, dull, tuberculate-roughened, with a large white basal scar; embryo straight in typical species.
Type species: Mammiullaria conoidea De Candolle.
We recognize 7 species from central and northern Mexico and Texas, which have been
transferred from Echinocactus and Mammillaria. The genus is dedicated to Professor
Francis E. Lloyd, whose collections and observations have contributed highly important
information to our investigations.
KeEy TO SPECIES.
Plants 3 cm. in diameter or less; central spines sometimes wanting.........-......-.--- 1. NV. pilispina
Plants larger; central spines always present.
Gentralispmes(curvedior hooked esos r snp riers cians oe erereie era ceerrere Se re tense ie ero ae 2. N. clavata
Central spines all straight.
Central spine solitary.
Gentraltspine*stifis porrectsc saeco is ssretcieiere oes Gass eo oie ore aCe coche Geel aciels 3. N. horripila
GCentralispinesweakSascending or conunivent= 4-472 ae eae aes eee 4. N. beguinit
Central spines several.
Spines, white omsometimessdarksaboye- ety easier eens 5. N. ceratites
Central spines or some of them black.
Radial spines 25 or more; Mexican species.....................---.-- 6. N. conoidea
Radialspines: 5 iOrlesse 2. ave cerca «Sie sete oe oe ee eee 7. N. texensis
1. Neolloydia pilispina (J. A. Purpus).
Mammillaria pilispina J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 150. 1912.
Plants cespitose, about 3 cm. in diameter; ribs indistinct, made up of very definite, somewhat
angled tubercles young spine-areoles clothed with abundant, long, white wool covering top of
Fic. 12.—Neolloydia pilispina. Fic. 13.—Neolloydia horripila.
plant; radial spines 6 or 7, 5 to 6 mm. long, weak and spreading, the upper ones longer and connivent
over top of plant, 2 cm. long or more, white with blackish tips; central spines often wanting, some-
times one; flowers small, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, purplish; outer perianth-segments brownish.
Type locality: Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Figure 12 is from a photograph of a plant collected by C. A. Purpus at the type locality.
NEOLLOYDIA. 15
2. Neolloydia clavata (Scheidweiler).
Mammillaria clavata Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 494. 1838.
Mammiullaria stipitata Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 495. 1838.
Mammiullaria rhaphidacantha Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 34. 18309.
Mammullaria ancistracantha Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 36. 1839.
Mammiullaria rhaphidacantha humilior * Salm-Dyck in Forster, Handb. Cact. 244. 1846.
Mammillaria scolymoides raphidacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 132. 1850.
Echinocactus corniferus rhaphidacanthus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
? Mammillaria potosiana Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24: 92. 1856.
Mammillaria sulcoglandulifera Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24:92. 1856.
Coryphantha raphidacantha Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868.
Coryphantha ancistracantha Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868.
Cactus ancistracanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus rhaphidacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus brunneus Coulter, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 117. 1894.
Cactus maculatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:117. 1894.
Mammillaria raphidacantha ¢ ancistracantha Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 506. 1898.
Mammullaria radicantisstma Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 164. 1912.
Plants simple, elongated, cylindric, 10 to 15 em. high, dark bluish green; tubercles in rows of
5, 8, and 13, conic, grooved above, the axils when young bearing short white wool; glands in the
groove 1 to several, large, red; radial spines 6 to 12, with reddish or black tips; central spine 1, some-
what longer than radials, curved or even hooked; flowers small for the genus, about 2 cm. long; outer
perianth-segments linear, acute, entire, with broad brownish midrib; inner perianth-segments
linear, entire, narrow, creamy white; stamens pinkish, much shorter than the perianth-segments;
style pinkish; stigma-lobes 5 or 6, short, greenish.
Fic. 14.—Neolloydia clavata. Fic. 15.—Neolloydia conoidea.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
The two species of Coulter, Cactus brunneus and Cactus maculatus, as well as Mam-
muillaria radicantissima, came from San Luis Potosi, and all seem to be so much alike that
we do not hesitate to reduce them as above.
Echinocactus raphidacanthus is credited by Schumann to Poselger, but he used the
name raphidacanthus only as a variety of E. corniferus. This binomial was used in 1850
by Salm-Dyck for a very different plant.
Mammullaria humilior Forster we have seen only in Schumann’s Index (Gesamtb.
Kakteen 824. 1898). He refers it to M. raphidacantha ancistracantha.
* Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 506, 824, Index, 1898), perhaps not intentionally, gives this name specific rank.
j Schumann has dropped the first ““h”’ in Mammillaria rhaphidacantha and he is followed by the Monatsschrift
fiir Kakteenkunde.
16 THE CACTACEAE.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 7; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 505. f. 83,
as Mammullaria rhaphidacantha; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 163; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22:
165, as VW. radicantissima.
Figure 14 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. Edward Palmer at San
Luis Potosi, Mexico, in 1908 (No. 814).
3. Neolloydia horripila (Lemaire).
Mammiullaria horripila Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 7. 1838.
Echinocactus horripilus Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 91. 1839.
Echinocactus horripilus longispinus Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 265. 1853.
Simple or somewhat cespitose, globular to short-cylindric, 10 to 12 cm. high; tubercles glaucous,
prominent, rounded at apex; radial spines 8 to 10, acicular, spreading, 15 mm. long, grayish; central
spine solitary, straight, a little longer than the radials; flowers deep purple, 3 cm. long; inner peri-
anth-segments narrowly oblong, acute; stigma-lobes 5, white.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Hidalgo, Mexico.
Lemaire first referred this plant to Wammiullaria, but finally described it as an Echino-
cactus on account of its grooved tubercles; he believed that it was an intergrade between
these two genera. As he states, its general appearance is that of a species of the so-called
Mammiullaria.
Echinocactus caespititius Pfeiffer is usually given as a synonym of this species, but it
seems never to have been described. Schumann cites the place of publication as Salm-
Dyck’s Cactaceae of 1850 (p. 35), but it is given only as a synonym. It appeared also
in Salm-Dyck’s Cactaceae of 1845 (p. 17) and in Forster’s Handbuch (p. 283), but also as
a synonym.
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 6, as Echinocactus horripilus.
Figure 13 is reproduced from the illustration above cited.
4. Neolloydia beguinii (Weber) Britton and Rose, Bull. Torr. Club 49: 252. 1922.
Echinocactus beguinit Weber in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 442. 1898.
Plant-body cylindric, 10 to 15 em. high; ribs spiraled and divided at regular intervals into low
tubercles resembling geometric figures, pale bluish green in color but nearly hidden by the dense
covering of spines; radial spines 20 or more, white, but with dark tips; centrals usually single, longer
and ascending; flowers appearing from top of plant, large, 3 to 4 em. long, bright pink; stigma-lobes
7, long, white; ovary without scales; seeds black, tubercled, with a broad triangular hilum.
Type locality: Probably at Saltillo, in Coahuila, Mexico.
Distribution: Zacatecas and Coahuila, Mexico.
This plant is very distinct from Echinomastus erectocentrus, with which it was con-
fused both by Coulter and by Schumann.
Mammillaria beguinit and Echinocactus beguiniit Weber are referred by Weber (Dict.
Hort. Bois 466. 1896) as synonyms of Echinocactus erectocentrus. ‘The Index Kewensis
(Suppl. 5) refers the former name to Schelle (Handb. Kakteenk. 200. 1907). The name FE.
beguinit has been previously used in Rebut’s Catalogue and by Schumann (Montasschr.
Kakteenk. 5: 44. 1905), but not described.
5. Neolloydia ceratites (Quehl).
Mammullaria ceratites Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 155. 1909.
Simple or in small clusters, short-cylindric, 6 to 10 cm. high; tubercles somewhat 4-angled,
more or less arranged in ribs; young areoles very woolly but becoming naked; radial spines 15 to
20, more or less spreading, white, 1.5 cm. long; central spines 5 or 6, longer and stouter than the
radials, blackish above; flowers purple, 3 to 3.5 cm. long; perianth-segments oblong, acute.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 155, as Mammillaria ceratites.
Figure 16 is from a photograph of the type plant sent us by Mr. Quehl.
NEOLLOYDIA. 17
6. Neolloydia conoidea (De Candolle) Britton and Rose, Bull. Torr. Club 49: 252. 1922.
Mammillaria conoidea De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 112. 1828.
Mammiullaria grandiflora Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 33. 1837.
Mammillaria diaphanacantha Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 39. 1838.
Mammillaria inconspicua Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 495. 1838.
Mammitllaria echinocactoides Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 281. 1840.
Mammillaria scheeri Mithlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 13: 346. 1845.
Mammillaria strobiliformis Engelmann in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour North. Mex. 113. 1848.
Echinocactus conoideus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Cactus conoideus * Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus echinocactoides * Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus grandiflorus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891. Not Linnaeus, 1753.
Sometimes simple, but usually cespitose, sometimes forming large clusters, often branching or
budding above, short-cylindric; tubercles in 5 or 8 spiral rows, obtuse, their axils very woolly; spines
very numerous, often completely covering the plant; radial spines white, 25 or more, widely spread-
Fic. 16.—Neolloydia ceratites. Fic. 17.—Neolloydia conoidea.
ing, 8 to 10 mm. long; central spines several, stouter and longer than the radials, 1 to 3 cm. long,
blackish; flowers large; outer perianth-segments dull purple without, lighter toward the margins;
inner perianth-segments rich purple; anthers orange; filaments pale yellow, purplish at base; style
and stigma-lobes pale yellow, the latter 5 or 6; fruit compressed-globose, dull yellow, mottled with
red, becoming dry and papery, then brown; seeds 1 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Northern Mexico.
Mammillaria canescens, listed by De Candolle (Prodr. 3: 460. 1828) as hardly known
and given by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 33. 1837) as a synonym of M. grandiflora, doubtless
belongs here. A plant of this name was in the Berlin Botanical Garden in 1829 (Verh.
Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 6: 430. 1830).
The name Coryphantha conoidea occurs in C. R. Orcutt’s Circular to Cactus Fanciers
1922.
Illustrations: De Candolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 2; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 26;
Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 96; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 238. f. 155; Ann. Rep. Smiths.
* Kuntze’s spelling of these two names is as follows: C. conodeus and C. echinocactodes.
18 THE CACTACEAE.
Inst. 1908: pl. 14, f. 1; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 46, as Mammiullaria conoidea;
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 119, as Mammiullaria grandiflora.
Figure 15 is from a photograph of a barren plant collected by Dr. Safford in Mexico
in 1907 (No. 1334); figure 17 is from a photograph of a flowering plant collected by Dr.
Chaffey in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico, July 4, 1910.
Related to the preceding is:
MAMMILLARIA CREBRISPINA De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 111. 1828.
Cactus crebrispinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
This plant was collected by Thomas Coulter but its identification is very uncertain.
Pfeiffer thought that it was related to Mammillaria conoidea and perhaps it should be
referred there.
Mammillaria polychlora Scheidweiler (Forster, Handb. Cact. 205. 1846) was given as
a synonym of WM. crebrispina.
Fic. 18.—Neolloydia texensis.
7. Neolloydia texensis sp. nov
Globular to short-oblong, 4 to 6 cm. long; tubercles arranged in long spirals, somewhat imbri-
cated, a little flattened dorsally; radial spines 10 to 15, white, widely spreading, about 1 cm. long;
central spines 1 to 3, much stouter than the radials, elongated, 2 to 3 cm. long, black; flowers not
seen; fruit small, globular, almost hidden by the spines, greenish, thin-walled, dry; seeds black,
tuberculate, 1.5 mm. in diameter; hilum large, basal, white lunate.
Collected by MacDougal and Shreve at Sanderson, Texas, December 1920.
This seems to be the plant from Texas referred by Engelmann to Mammillaria scoly-
motdes but it probably is not that species which came from central Mexico. WV. scolymoides
probably should be considered a synonym of Coryphantha cornifera, the species of which
Engelmann once thought that it might be only aform. Coulter (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
3: I15. 1894) treats the Texan plant under the name of Cactus scolymoides but the range
which he gives is too wide, and doubtless more than one species is involved, both in his
description and range. The only specimen which we have seen of this species, except
MacDougal and Shreve’s plant, is one collected by Walter M. Evans in 1891, which is
mixed with Cactus echinus and labeled as from near El Paso, Texas.
Figure 18 is from a photograph of plants collected by Dr. MacDougal and Dr. Shreve.
MAMILLOPSIS. 19
4. MAMILLOPSIS * (Morren) Weber.
Cespitose cacti, often forming large clusters, globular or short-cylindric, completely hidden
under a mass of long, soft, white, hair-like spines; tubercles not arranged in ribs, more or less conic,
not grooved above, spine-bearing at apex, their axils pubescent and bristly; radial spines numerous,
weak, straight; central spines 4 to 6, with yellow, hooked tips; flowers from near top of plant but
apparently from axils of old areoles, with a regular, straight, slender, scaly tube and a broad, spread-
ing limb; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse; stamens and style erect, long-exserted beyond tube;
scales on flower-tube orbicular, obtuse.
Schumann associated Mammillaria senilis Loddiges, the type of the genus, with
species now referred to Cochemiea, treating them all as a subgenus of Mammillaria, but
Cochemiea has an irregular flower and otherwise is different from this genus.
Morren first proposed the subgeneric name Mamiullopsis, but Weber, we believe, was
justified in recognizing the genus. He states, very properly, that the flowers are very
unlike those of any of the species of Mammillaria. He also calls attention to the long-
exserted stamens, and long and scaly flower-tube, and also to the fact that the filaments
are borne in two series, one series being on the flower-tube. The ovary, too, seems to be
scaly, and doubtless other differences will be recorded when the species are better known.
Two species are here recognized, both from the high mountains of Mexico.
The generic name, Mamillopsis, means Mammiullaria-like.
Key TO SPECIES.
OSS 6 17 Sins long, omainyseayQMlonv coos oacncasescacdousoduneecascanoscpenvcucoosar 1. M. senilis
LN ON ASe Ss} Coal hovates, Gleejo) mEGls SiG oo ue dooms doauobeoondnenss SoCo ceSoeomD Sa tgooato co 2. M. diguetit
Fics. 19 and 20.—Mamillopsis senilis.
1. Mamillopsis senilis (Loddiges) Weber.
Mammiullaria senilis Loddiges in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 82. 1850.
Cactus senilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891. Not Haworth, 1824.
Stems 6 to 15 cm. high, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, the flesh juicy and drying red; tubercles 3 to
4 mm. long; spines 30 to 40, 2 cm. long; flowers 6 to 7 cm. long, 6 cm. broad, orange-yellow; perianth-
segments oblong, acute, with serrated margin; stigma-lobes 6, spreading; fruit not known.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: High mountains of Chihuahua and Durango.
* Mamillopsis has never been formally published as a genus, but it is mentioned by Weber as a synonym of
ee senilis (Dict. Hort. Bois 805. 1898). It was proposed as a subgenus by Morren in 1874 (Belg. Hort.
24: 33).
20 THE CACTACEAE.
This species was probably first collected by Seemann in the Sierra Madre of Mexico,
where it was collected by Dr. Rose in 1897. It has frequently been introduced into culti-
vation but does not do well, soon dying out. It is able to stand considerable cold and in
its home is usually covered with snow during the winter.
Salm-Dyck gave two varieties without descriptions, based on two unpublished names,
when he first listed Mammullaria senilis, as follows: M. senilis haseloffit (Salm-Dyck, Cact.
Hort. Dyck. 1849. 8. 1850; MW. haseloffii Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849) and M.
sentlis linket (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 8. 1850; M. linkeit Ehrenberg). The
former, however, was published the previous year as WW. haseloffi and has priority.
Illustrations: Fl. Serr. 21: pl. 2159; Rev. Hort. Iv. 2: pl. 334; Belg. Hort. 24: pl. 3;
Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for March; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 5: pl. 62; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk.
245. f. 163; Tribune Hort. 4: pl. 140; De Laet, Cat. Gén. 28. f. 41; Gartenwelt 14: 331;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 31; Succulenta 4: 80, as Mammiullaria sentlis.
Figure 19 is from a photograph of a flowering plant; figure 20 is from a photograph
of two flowers of a plant obtained in the Sierra Madre, Mexico, by I. Ochoterena in 1911;
figure 21 is reproduced from the third illustration cited above.
Fic. 21.—Mamiillopsis senilis.
2. Mamillopsis diguetii (Weber).
Mammillaria senilis diguetit Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10: 383. 1904.
Plants densely cespitose, forming a hemispheric clump of about 35 globular heads, each 25
cm. in diameter; radial spines numerous, dark straw-colored; flowers 3 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad,
deep red; ovary bearing small scales.
Type locality: Sierra de Nayarit, Jalisco.
Distribution: Jalisco to Sinaloa, Mexico.
This species, until recently, was known only from the single collection of L. Diguet
made in March 1900; he found it in the mountains of Jalisco at an altitude of 2,500 meters.
It has again been collected by J. G. Ortega in the Sierra de Chabarra, Concordia, Sinaloa,
in 1921.
The type is in the Museum of Natural History of Paris and was studied there by Dr.
Rose in May 1912; he believes that it is distinct from WM. senilis, the spines being of a dif-
ferent color and much more rigid than in that species.
COCHEMIEA. 21
5. COCHEMIEA (K. Brandegee) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 50. 1899.
Plant-body cylindric, often much elongated, the surface covered with spirally arranged tuber-
cles, these not milky; tubercles not grooved above; spines both central and radial; flowers borne
from axils of upper old tubercles, narrowly tubular, curved and bilabiate; perianth-segments in 2
series; stamens and style red, exserted; ovary naked; fruit indehiscent, globular, red, naked, bearing
a large scar at top; seeds black, reticulated.
Type species: Mammiullaria hale: Brandegee.
The genus was named for an Indian tribe which once inhabited Lower California. Mrs.
Brandegee, who first separated these species as a subgenus, describes the flowers as “‘scarlet,
tubular, slender, somewhat curved, and oblique, with spreading unequal petaloid sepals,
so making the flower apparently double as in Cereus flagelliformis.”
Four species are known, all inhabiting Lower California.
Fic. 22.—Cochemiea halei. Fic. 23.—Cochemiea poselgeri.
The fact that Cochemiea had been raised to generic rank, to which four species had
been transferred, has been overlooked by all our botanical indexes. Walton’s remarks in
this connection are interesting:
“The plants so classed have flowers very elongated, tubular, with sepals placed as a second
ring, removed some distance below the petals; they are oblique like Epiphyllum truncatum and
Cereus flagelliformis and in fact more resemble those flowers than they do those of any Mammillaria,
so much so that I think it would be best to drop the generic name of Mammillaria and simply adopt
Mrs. Brandegee’s name of Cochemiea as a generic name.”
Mrs. Brandegee suggested (Erythea 5: 117), ‘‘It is possible that some of the elongated
species of Mexico proper will be found to belong to this section when the flowers are better
known.”’ But we have seen no plants from the mainland of Mexico which suggest this
relationship.
KEY TO SPECIES.
Spinesral listers litex sey yesre keratin nee oe deeper icnasc here 1. C. halet
Some or all of central spines hooked.
Centralispinesnonmallyssolitanyarnemecc ae en Eee ae ie enc 2. C. poselgeri
Central spines normally 2 to 11 (sometimes only 1 in C. setispina).
Centralyspinesermtor4ee cette rete ener eR eco cas ared aes oekemey eter etc aoi omer 3. C. setispina
Centralls pines! Sj to pris wrtyeeoeecrek cesta ore eg oe ody eae eeaee oe Noee sored 4. C. pond
22 THE CACTACEAE.
1. Cochemiea halei * (Brandegee) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2:50. 1899.
Mamumillaria halei Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 161. 1889.
Cactus halei Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 106. 1894.
Cespitose; stems nearly upright, often 30 to 50 cm. high, 5 to 7.5 cm. in diameter, almost entirely
covered by the spines; tubercles short; axils of tubercles woolly but not setose; radial spines 10
to 20, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines 3 or 4, 25 mm. long, all straight; flowers central or nearly
so, 4 to 5 cm. long; filaments yellow; stigma-lobes scarlet; fruit scarlet, 12 mm. long; seeds reticulated.
Type locality: Magdalena Island, Lower California.
Distribution: Islands of southern Lower California.
This species was observed first by Mr. T. S. Brandegee in 1889, while making a botan-
ical excursion through Lower California, and described by him the same year. It has
been reported from only two islands off the coast of Lower California but it is there very
abundant. It has been introduced into Europe and is sometimes offered in the trade.
It is remarkable for its very large slender flowers. An abundance of material was collected
by Dr. Rose in 1911. The plant does not do well in cultivation.
The species was named for Mr. J. P. Hale, who had extensive domains in Lower Cali-
fornia and who assisted Mr. Brandegee while making explorations in 1889.
Tilustrations: Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: pl. 6; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 89; Schumann,
Gesamtb. Kakteen 510. f. 84; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 47, as Mammiullaria halet.
Figure 22 is from a photograph of a barren shoot of a specimen collected by C. R.
Orcutt at Magdalena Bay, Lower California, 1917.
2. Cochemiea poselgeri (Hildmann).
Mammillaria poselgeri Hildmann, Garten-Zeitung 4: 559. 1885.
Mammiullaria roseana Brandegee, Zoe 2: 19. 1891.
Mammillaria radliana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 104. 1892.
Cactus roseanus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 105. 1894.
Cochemiea rosiana Walton, Cact. Journ. 2:50. 1899.
Stems numerous from a central root, spreading or sometimes pendent from rocks or creeping
over the ground, often 2 meters long, 4 cm. thick; areoles and upper axils white-woolly, the latter
rarely setose; tubercles remote, somewhat flattened; radial spines 7 to 9, 9 to 12 mm. long, straw-
colored; central spine 1, hooked, 25 mm. long; flowers appearing in the upper axils, 3 cm. long,
scarlet; stamens and style exserted; fruit globular, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Cape Region, Lower California.
Distribution: At lower elevations in southern Lower California.
This cactus, according to Mr. Brandegee, is one of the most showy of this region.
Mammillaria longihamata Engelmann was a manuscript name taken up by Coulter
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 105. 1894) as a synonym of Cactus roseanus.
Illustrations: Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 49; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 105, as
Mammillaria radliana; Garten-Zeitung 4: 559. f. 131; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 246. f.
164, as VV. poselgert.
Plate 11, figure 3, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Cape San Lucas, Lower Cali-
fornia, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1915; figure 3a shows the
fruit and figure 3b the seed from a plant collected by Dr. Wm. S. W. Kew near La Junta,
Lower California, November 10, 1920. Figure 23 is from a photograph of a plant collected
by C. R. Oreutt near Magdalena, Lower California, and sent to the Bureau of Chemistry,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, in 1917.
2. Cochemiea setispina (Coulter) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 51. 1899.
Cactus setispinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 106. 1894.
Mammillaria setispina Engelmann in K. Brandegee, Erythea 5: 117. 1897.
Stems ascending, 30 em. high; tubercles short; axils of tubercles woolly but not setose; radial
spines 10 to 12, white with black tips, widely spreading, unequal, ro to 34 cm. long, slender; central
spines 1 to 4, stouter than the radials, one of them strongly hooked; flowers not definitely known
but probably large; fruit obovoid, 3 em. long, scarlet; seeds black and pitted.
* Walton published this name as Cochemzea hallet.
CORYPHANTHA. 23
Type locality: San Borgia, Lower California.
Distribution: Interior of southern Lower California. ‘
We have not seen living specimens of the species, Dr. Rose obtained a small specimen
from L,. Quehl at Halle in 1912.
The type of this species, now in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, was
collected by William Gabb in 1867, while Brandegee obtained specimens in 1889. Dr. C.
A. Purpus found it near Calmalli and wrote of it as follows (Cact. Journ. 2: 54. 1899):
“My next trip was to a chain of granite mountains about 20 miles from Calmalli.
‘“‘T was very much surprised to find on the slope of the mountains Mamillaria setispina Engel-
mann, which until now I had not been able to collect as a living specimen. I came upon it afterwards
also in gneiss, trachyt, porphur, and in a sandstone conglomerate. Ground composed of granite
gravel appears to suit it best.”
4. Cochemiea pondii (Greene) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 51. 1899.
Mammillaria pondii Greene, Pittonia 1: 268. 1889.
Cactus pondii Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 102. 1894.
Stems at first upright, cylindric, simple or few-branched, 7 cm. to 3 dm. high, hidden under a
dense covering of spines; axils of tubercles setose; young areoles white-tomentose; radial spines
white, whitish or sometimes brownish, 15 to 25, spreading; central
spines 8 to 11, much longer and stouter than the radials, the longest
3 cm. long, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers slender, 5 cm. long, bright scarlet;
stamens exserted; fruit purplish red, 18 mm. long, ovoid to obovoid.
Type locality: Cedros Island.
Distribution: Islands off the western coast of northern
Lower California.
This plant was found in great abundance on Cedros Island
by Dr. Rose in 1911 (No. 16090) and a number of living speci-
mens was brought to Washington and New York. These have
been in cultivation for more than ten years but have never
flowered. It is not often met with in cultivation.
The species was named for Charles Fremont Pond, U.S. Fries. 24 and 24a.—Fruit and seed
N., who collected plants on Cedros and other islands off the oh Cocnemica Dongil
coast of Lower California in 1889.
Figure 24 shows the fruit and figure 24a the seed from specimens obtained at the type
ocality by Dr. Rose in ror.
6. CORYPHANTHA (Engelmann) Lemaire, Cactées 32. 1868.
Plant body globular to cylindric, either solitary or cespitose; tubercles, except the very earliest
ones, grooved on upper surface* from apex to base; flowers from near top of plant and from base of
young and growing tubercles, large and showy, generally yellow, sometimes purple or red; ovary
naked or, occasionally, bearing a few scales in some species; perianth long-persistent {; fruit large, *
ripening slowly, ovoid to oblong, greenish or yellowish; seeds brown (black and angled in Coryphantha
cubensis), lightly reticulated or nearly smooth, thin-shelled, with a central or subventral hilum;
embryo curved, at least in some species.
Type species:* Mammillaria sulcolanata Lemaire.
The generic name is from xopud7 top, and avGos flower, referring to the insertion of
the flowers at the top of the plant. We recognize 37 species in the genus. The genus
Coryphantha was proposed by Lemaire in 1868, but he did not designate a type. The
*In C. macromeris the tubercle is grooved only for about half its length.
+ We quote the following observation of Engelmann in this connection: ‘‘I have repeatedly observed, and in a
considerable number of species, that the red berries of the Mammillariae are always destitute of the remnants of the
perigone, but the green fruits always are topped with it (Mem. Tour North. Mex. 21).
¢ The only fruit which we have seen of C. nickelsae was globose and small, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, but the species
otherwise of this alliance.
§ See Britton and Millspaugh, Bahama Flora 295. 1920.
24 THE CACTACEAE.
name, however, comes from Engelmann, who first used it as a subgenus of Mammiullaria
(Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 264. 1856).
The position of this group has always been puzzling to cactus students. Dr. Poselger
believed that it was a section of Echinocactus and transferred certain of these species which
had been described under Mammillaria to Echinocactus. In its vertical, nearly central
flowers it does approach the Echinocactanae, but otherwise it is quite distinct.
In the origin of their large flowers, in the shape and structure of their fruit, and in the
color and form of their seeds the species compose a rather natural group, but they are
diverse in form and armament. The species are most common in central Mexico, a few
extending into the southern United States, and one extending into southern Canada.
The groove on the upper side of the tubercle which is so characteristic of the genus
does not occur on seedlings or on very young plants, but it is always found on old flowering
plants and seems to be associated with the inflorescence, for the flowers appear only in the
axils of grooved tubercles and originate at the bottom of this groove. Plants which grow
in conservatories for a long time without flowering lose this groove; * we have had one
plant of this kind under observation for fifteen years.
KEY TO SPECIES.
A. Seeds brown, not angled; flowers usually large.
B. Tubercles grooved to middle or a little below; ovary bearing scales with woolly
axils. Series Macromeres.
ehubercles\clongatedbrightsreenteeern a aeeic annie cia einai 1. C. macromeris
shubercles; short, erayishgreenm van yas elec rac sae a a nieerieieieieenesielio cherries 2. C. runyonit
BB. Tubercles grooved from tip to base except in young plants; ovary naked.
C. Grooves of tubercles bearing large yellow or red glands. Series Recurvatae,
LO WELSH ILE I sera ere La Uso ae ee ee aun SU area Se Ua tg Nea ear ara 3. C. ottonis
Flowers not white.
Stems globular.
Radial spines more or less recurved...............2--02-eeeeeeeeee 4. C. recurvata
Radial spines spreading or ascending.
Spinesidarkssometimesiblacksny ae bitrrei eine eieeie tae ei 5. C. poselgeriana
Spines yellow or sometimes tinged with red.
Central spines slender and flexible.....................--.-05- 6. C. muehlenpfordtit
Central spines stout and rigid.
Radialispinesisubulatesenescceenee enc one eGeerncr 7. C. guerkeana
Radialispinesiaciculareeeere noc oer eens 1... 8. C. echinoidea
Stems cylindric.
Stems ibluishe greens oe ay tees Ge acy nlniee & oi naeneas Sey oe eee ees g. C. clava
Stems yellowish green.
Central spine usually one.
(Glandsiint grooverredty anwar ite eterno hee ease ar arae eon 10. C. octacantha
Glandsinteroovesyelloween seen e eno 11. C. exsudans
Genitrallls pins 2a ee tae nl deneas arene teenie pare ape cass tne Mery Nec een SE 12. C. erecta
CC. Grooves of tubercles without large glands. Series Sulcolanatae.
D. Outer perianth-segments not ciliate.
ES eblowerssparplishvorsrosess see rrrie ose eernee eee nee 13. C. elephantidens
EE. Flowers yellow or white.
F. Tubercles very large, broader than high.................... 14. C. bumamma
FF. Tubercles of medium size, if large, longer than broad.
_ G. Plants large for this genus (often 8 cm. in diameter) ; seeds
B.mmsinidiametereneo ena ee Seer 15. C. robustispina
GG. Plants much smaller than in C. robustispina; seeds 2 mm.
in diameter or less. -
H. Central spines usually wanting.
Secondary cluster of spines developed in upper part of
areoles and connivent at top.................. 16. C. connivens
Secondary cluster of spines not developed.
Spinesspectinatesa teenie ieee 17. C. pectinata
Spines not pectinate.
Spines 14 or more.
Spines slender with long black tips......... 18. C. nickelsae
Spines rather short with light tips.
Spinesssubulatemanree teers 19. C. compacta
Spineseacicularer- mace eer 20. C. radians
Spines fewer than 15.
Spines slender and weak...... ERG Laos teponaeee 21. C. sulcolanata
SPONSES MOE GlemnGlere, ..sscsccecsavvcebenc0cn 22. C. retusa
* Mammillaria polosiana and M. polymorpha seem to have been based on such plants.
CORYPHANTHA. 25
HH. Central spines one to several.
I. Central spines strongly hooked................. 23. C. palmert
II. Central spines straight or at most curved.
J. Central spines more or less curved.
Central spine one, sometimes more in No. 25.
Radial spines nearly as long as central.... 24. C. cornifera
Radial spines about half as long ascentral.. 25. C. salm-dyckiana
Central spines several.
Radial spines 20 or more................ 26. C. pallida
Radial spines 12 or fewer................ 27. C. pycnacantha
JJ. Central spines straight.
Radial spines, twokinds(tobelookedforhere). 5. C. poselgeriana
Radial spines of one kind.
Plant almost hidden under mass of spines;
frit oblon gene eee tie teiaecee el 2on, Cuechenus,
Plant not hidden under mass of spines; fruit
AONE sasogqsqovoonDdvoonotooedsodsn 29. C. durangensis
DD. Outer perianth-segments ciliate.
Blowersayellowe cy ee ree irsres eee eeeae erste ele auemelcucnctensiezeh 30. C. chlorantha
Flowers purplish to pink.
Inner perianth-segments linear or lanceolate.
Stigma-lobes purple, apiculate:.........:..........---+-+--e- 31. C. vivipara
Stigma-lobes white, obtuse or notched.
Flowers 4 to 7 cm. broad, rose to purple.
Plants mostly solitary; inner perianth-segments broadly linear 32. C. neo-mexicana
Plants mostly cespitose; inner segments linear-lanceolate.... 33. C. arizonica
Flowers very short, 3 cm. broad, light pink................ 34. C. deserti
Inner perianth-segments oblanceolate.................-..2.000- 35. C. aggregata
AAA. Seeds black, angled; flowers minute. Series Cubenses...........0. 000s es ee ence 36. C. cubensis
PVA Umer@nseGl GHB, condsdgosbudvooccoUOOUOFOsoadUDoUdON DOD CO CUS ODUSDOOOSOONS 37. C. sulcata
1. Coryphantha macromeris (Engelmann) Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Mammillaria macromeris Engelmann in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour North. Mex. 97. 1848.
Mammillaria heteromorpha Scheer in Salm-Dyck. Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 128. 1850.
Echinocactus macromeris Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Echinocactus heteromorphus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 126. 1853.
Mammillaria dactylithele Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 146. 1853.
Cactus macromeris Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:260. 1891.
Cactus heteromorphus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Plant branching at base, often many-headed, up to
2 dm. long; tubercles large, soft, loosely arranged, elon-
gated, 12 to 30 cm. long, grooved on upper side about
two-thirds of their length; spines 10 to 17, slender, the
radials white; central spines several, black, the longer ones
5 cm. long; flowers large, purple, 6 to 8 cm. broad; scales
on flower-tube ciliate; ovary bearing a few scales with
hairy axils; fruit 15 to 25 mm. long; seeds globose,
brown but sometimes described as yellow, smooth.
Type locality: Near Dofiana, New Mexico.
Distribution: Southern New Mexico, western
Texas, and Chihuahua, south to Zacatecas, Mexico.
This species and the following one are not
closely related to the others of this genus. The
tubercles are much more elongated and flattened,
and the groove on the upper surface never extends
to the base. Sometimes a branch or bulblet is pro-
duced instead of a flower.
Here may belong Coryphantha heteromorpha
Lemaire (Cactées 34. 1868) ; this name is apparently
erroneously referred to in the Index Kewensis (1:
624) es Coryphantha heterophylla (see Ariocarpus Fic. 25.—Tubercles of Coryphantha macromeris.
jissuratus, Cactaceae 3: 83).
Mammillaria brownii Toumey was erroneously referred here by Schumann.
Mammillaria macromeris var. longispina and var. nigrispina are mentioned by Schelle
(Handb. Kakteenk. 237. 1907).
26 THE CACTACEAE.
Illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: 43; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 399. f. 41; Riimpler,
Sukkulenten 205. f. 116; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 564. f. 36; Suppl. 517. f. 552; Goebel,
Pflanz. Schild.1: pl.1,f. 6; Amer. Gard.11: 460; West Amer. Sci. 13: 39; Cact. Mex. Bound.
pl. 14, 15; Cyel. Amer. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 746a, 1355; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2314;
Gartenflora 42: 543. f. 111; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 237. f. 152; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1:
21; Watson, Cact. Cult. 165. f. 64; ed. 3. f. 41, as Mammillaria macromerits.
Figure 25 is from a drawing of two tubercles, showing the grooves on the upper side,
of a plant sent by Mrs. S. L. Pattison from western Texas. At the base of one is shown the
flower-scar; in the other is a small bud.
2. Coryphantha runyonii sp. nov.
Forming low clumps, sometimes 5 dm. in diameter, grayish green, with a thick, elongated tap-
root; tubercles rather short, 1 to 2 cm. long, terete or somewhat flattened, grooved on the upper half,
rarely more, but never to the base; radial spines 6 or more, spreading, acicular, very variable in
length, 3 cm. long or less, sometimes all yellow or sometimes one or more in a cluster brown, other-
wise yellow; central spines on young plant solitary, dark brown to black but in old plants sometimes
2 or 3, somewhat angled, up to 6 cm. long; flowers large, purple, 5 cm. broad; outer perianth-
segments ciliate; inner perianth-segments spatulate, oblong, acute; fruit green; seeds brown.
Found along the Rio Grande from Brownsville to Rio Grande City. This species has
been repeatedly observed by Robert Runyon, from whom we received living plants in
1921 (No. 15, type) and 1922.
Mr. Runyon wrote us about the plant as follows:
“T also inclose you herewith two photographs of the plant you have called Coryphantha runyonit.
I first became interested in this plant about two years ago when I saw it growing near Rio Grande,
Texas. It was found at one place only, but in abundance. It grows on the gravel hillside and
down in the lower land in a kind of white silt soil.
“The fruit is green and the flowers are a very pretty pink to a purple with a delicate fringed
petal. ‘The tubercles are very irregular. ‘The largest plants are about 18 inches in diameter and
would weigh not less than fifty pounds.”
Plate 1, figure 1, is from a photograph sent us by Robert Runyon.
3. Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiffer) Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868.
Mammullaria ottonis Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Echinocactus ottonianus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Cactus ottonis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891. Not Lehmann, 1827.
Mammiullaria busslert Mundt in Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 47. 1902.
Mammullaria golziana Haage jr., Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 100. 1909.
Sumple, globular to short-cylindric, 12 cm. high or less, 8 cm. in diameter, glaucous to grayish
green; radial spines 8 to 12, nearly equal, 8 to 10 mm. long; central spines 3 or 4, longer and a little
stouter than the radials; axils of flowering tubercles woolly; flowers white, 4 cm. long; outer perianth-
segments oblong, obtuse; inner perianth-segments apiculate; stigma-lobes 10, green.
Type locality: Mineral del Monte, Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
The name here used was proposed by Lemaire (Cactées 34) in 1868 but not formally
published. Mammullaria ottonis tenuispina Pfeiffer is sometimes used but we have seen
no formal description.
Nicholson (see also Watson, Cact. Cult. 168. f. 66; and ed. 3. f. 40) describes and
illustrates (Dict. Gard. Nicholson Suppl. 517. f. 553) under this name a very peculiar speci-
men in which the flowers are borne away from the top of the plant; it is doubtless not
congeneric with this species. Nicholson’s description is here quoted:
CORYPHANTHA. Da
“Flowers white, large for the size of the plant. May and June. Stem small, compressed, 3
in. across, with numerous compressed tubercles, and short hair-like spines (Mexico. 1834. See fig.
553). There is another species called M. ottonis, having a large spiny stem.”
Here we believe belong some of the plants which are passing as Mammiullaria golziana.
Very different, however, are the two published illustrations of Kunze (Cact. 1910 and
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 101. 1909), which also seem to differ from each other.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 47, as Mammullaria bussler1; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 27:3.f.a,as Mammillaria golziana ; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 27:3.{.b, as Mammial-
laria ottonts.
4. Coryphantha recurvata (Engelmann).
Mammillaria recurvispina Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 266. 1856. Not De Vriese, 1839.
Mammillaria recurvata Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 202. 1863.
Cactus recurvatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Cactus engelmannii * Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Fics. 26 and 27.—Coryphantha recurvata.
Plant-body depressed-globose, 10 to 20 cm. in diameter, often forming large masses 30 to 90
cm. in diameter and sometimes with over 50 heads; tubercles low; radial spines about 20, yellow to
gray, with dark tips, pectinate, recurved; central spines 1, rarely 2, longer and darker than the
radials, 12 to 20 mm. long, more or less reflexed, often appressed; flowers 25 to 35 mm. long, said
to be brownish outside; inner perianth-segments lemon-yellow; fruit not known.
Type locality: Sonora. Explained in the Cactaceae of the Mexican Boundary to be
eastern parts of Pimeria Alta in Sonora, especially in the Sierra del Pajarito.
Distribution: Arizona and Mexico, especially along the United States-Mexican Boun-
dary near Nogales.
Engelmann describes {+ a peculiar flowering habit for Coryphantha when he says that
the flowers originate in the base of the grooves of full-grown tubercles, being scattered over
the top of the plant: We have also noticed this character; not only are the flowers borne
in the axils of mature tubercles, but they are produced in great abundance in a circle 5
to 6 cm. in diameter.
*Tt is possible that Lemaire also gave the name Coryphantha engelmannu for Mammillaria recurvispina, though
this is not shown by the text.
{ See Cact. Mex. Bound. 12. 1859.
28 THE CACTACEAE.
Otto Kuntze made the binomial Cactus engelmanni1 because, as he states, the name
Mammillaria recurvispina De Vriese had priority over Engelmann’s name. Engelmann,
however, had long before renamed his plant.
Mammillaria nogalensis Riinge (Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 494. 1898) has been
referred here as a synonym, but this name had already been used by Walton.
Illustrations: Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 239. f. 156, as Mammillaria recurvata; Cact.
Journ. 1: pl. for March; 2: 148; pl. for September, as M/. nogalensis.
Figure 26 is from a photograph by Dr. MacDougal at Calabasas, showing a clump;
figure 27 is from a photograph of a plant sent by F. J. Dyer from Nogales.
5. Coryphantha poselgeriana (Dietrich).
Echinocactus poselgerianus Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 19: 346. 1851.*
Echinocactus saltillensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 101. 1853.
Echinocactus salinensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 106. 1853.
Mammullaria dificilis Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 107. 1908.
Mammillaria valida J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21:97. 1911. Not Weber, 1898.
eB Plant-body large for the genus, globular, bluish green; tubercles large, closely packed together
and at base strongly angled; radial spines of two kinds, the 4 or 5 lower ones spreading, subulate,
reddish to black, about as long as the single central one (2 to 4 cm. long); the upper radials, 5 to
8, ascending together, yellowish with black tips, weak, acicular; flower large, 4 to 5 ecm. long and
nearly as broad when expanded, flesh-colored, the segments spatulate, usually rounded at apex;
fruit oblong, 15 mm. long; seeds brownish.
Type species: Near Saltillo,-Mexico.
Distribution: States of Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, and Zacatecas, Mexico.
Two different plants have been passing under the name Echinocactus saltillensis. ‘The
one now in the trade, called E. ingens var. saltillensis by Schumann, is a very large plant
and is a true Echinocactus which we have already elsewhere described as E. palmer1;} the
other, which is the one originally described by Poselger, is a small globular Coryphantha
and has usually been taken for Mammullaria scheer1, more recently described as M. valida.
The clusters of connivent weak spines, so characteristic of this species, are not always
shown in young plants and this may account for certain seeming discrepancies in the ori-
ginal descriptions. The nascent spines are sometimes red, bleaching white; the gland in
the groove of the tubercle is bright red.
Illustrations: De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 44; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 239. f. 157; Tri-
bune Hort. 4: pl. 139; Rev. Hort. Belg. 40: after 196, as Mammullaria radians ; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 21: 99, as Mammillaria valida; (?) Blane, Cacti 50. No. 599; (?) Cact. Journ.
2: 55, as Echinocactus poselgerianus; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 107, as Mammiullaria
difficilis; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 31, as Echinocactus scheert.
6. Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii (Poselger).
Mammillaria scheert Mihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 15:97. 1847. Not Mithlenpfordt, 1845.
Echinocactus muehlenpfordtit Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Mammillaria scheert valida Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 265. 1856.
Coryphantha scheert Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Cactus scheeri Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.*
Plants nearly globular, usually simple, short-oblong, 20 cm. long, 7.5 to 15 cm. in diameter;
tubercles large, 1 to 2.5 cm. long; axils of young tubercles grooved and young spine-areoles very
woolly; grooves bearing large dark-colored glands; spines variable, reddish to yellow with brown to
black tips; radials 6 to 16, usually about 2 cm. long, straight; central spines 1 to 4, subulate, stouter
than the radials, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, from nearly straight to curved at tip or even strongly hooked;
flowers yellow, 6 cm. long; scales on flower-tube and outer perianth-segments more or less lacerated;
inner perianth-segments oblong, entire, acute; fruit greenish, oblong, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, naked; seeds
large, 3 mm. long, brown, shining, smooth.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Northern Chihuahua, western Texas, and southern New Mexico.
* We have not seen the type of this species but Bédeker has sent us a copy of the photograph of it left by Poselger.
+ See Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 290. 1909; Britton and Rose, Cactaceae 3: 172. 1922.
CORYPHANTHA. 29
There has been considerable confusion regarding this species, which was first described
as Mammiullaria scheert by Mithlenpfordt in 1847, but this proved to be a homonym. ‘This
led Poselger in 1853, when he transferred the species to Echinocactus, to publish it as E.
muehlenpfordtit.
Dr. Engelmann in 1856 described a variety of Mammiullaria scheeri, calling it valida.
Some time afterwards he compared this variety with the type of the species and decided
that they were thesame. We have examined several specimens from near the type locality
of the variety valida, which is near E] Paso, Texas.
It is possible that Scheer’s plant was a very young one, which might account for the
differences in form and spines. The Mammillaria scheert of Schumann’s Monograph is
a complex of 4 or 5 distinct species.
Illustrations: Allg. Gartenz. 15: 97. pl. 2; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 406. f. 44;
Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 485. f. 80; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 23; 10: 127; Schelle,
Handb. Kakteenk. 237. f. 153, as Mammiullaria scheert.
Fic. 28.—Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii. Fic. 29.—Coryphantha bumamma.
Figure 28 is from a photograph of a plant collected in western Texas by Mrs. S. L.
Pattison in 1920.
7. Coryphantha guerkeana (Bédeker).
Mammillaria guerkeana Bodeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 52. 1914.
Plant-body globular, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter; tubercles bluish green, somewhat broader than
thick, bearing a large red gland at base of groove and sometimes at top; radial spines 9 to 12, yellow
when young, spreading, bulbose at base, rather stout; central spines 3 or 4, rarely one of them stouter,
often bent slightly at tip; flowering areoles very woolly; ovary oblong, naked; flower and fruit not
seen.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Durango, Mexico.
This species is near Coryphantha poselgeriana, but is smaller and has different spines.
We have seen photographs of the type and have spine-clusters, all obtained from L.
Quehl of Halle. We would also refer here specimens obtained by Dr. E. Palmer near
Durango City in 1906 (No. 456).
30 THE CACTACEAE.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 53, as Mammiullaria guerkeana; Alianza
Cientifica Universal 3: pl. opp. 119, as Mammiullaria valida.
8. Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl).
Mammillaria echinoidea Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 42. 1913.
Plant solitary, globular or a little broader than high, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, very woolly at
apex; tubercles conic, 1.5 cm. high, 1.2 em. broad at base; groove with 1 to 3 small, grayish glands;
areoles elliptic, woolly when young, glabrate in age; radial spines 20 to 25, 1.5 cm. long, white with
darker tips; central spines 1 to 3, a little stouter than the radials, one of them porrect, horn-colored;
flowers rose-colored, 6 to 8 cm. broad; perianth-segments oblong, broad at apex, denticulate, some-
times mucronate; filaments numerous, red; fruit and seed unknown.
Type locality: Durango.
Distribution: Durango, Mexico.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 42, as Mammiullaria echinoidea.
9. Coryphantha clava (Pfeiffer) Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868.
Mammillaria clava Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840.
Mammillaria schlechtendalii Ehrenberg, Linnaea 14: 377. 1840.
Mammiullaria schlechtendaliz levior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 127. 1850.
Echinocactus clavus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 125. 1853.
Echinocactus schlechtendalit Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 125. 1853.
Cactus clavus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus schlechtendalit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plant-body club-shaped, deep green; axils of tubercles with white wool and with a red gland at
base of groove; tubercles erect, elongated, somewhat 4-sided; spine-areoles white-villous; radial
spines usually 7, straight, horn-colored, about equal; central spine 1, a little longer and stouter than
the others; flowers very large, sometimes 9 em. broad, pale yellow, with the outer segments tinged
with red; perianth-segments glossy, linear-oblong to spatulate, outer ones entire, inner ones serrate
and mucronate at apex; filaments orange; stigma-lobes 6, linear, yellow.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico.
Coryphantha schlechtendalit Lemaire (Cactées 34. 1868) is usually given as a synonym
of this species.
Illustrations: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4358; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1379. f.
19390, as Mammiullaria clava.
10. Coryphantha octacantha (De Candolle).
Mammiullaria octacantha De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 113. 1828.
Mammullaria leucacantha De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 113. 1828.
Mammullaria lehmanni Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 23. 1837.
Mammillaria macrothele Martius in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 24. 1837.
Mammillaria plaschnickit Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 24. 1837.
Mammillaria aulacothele Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 8. 1838.
Mammiullaria biglandulosa Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Mammullaria sulcimamma Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Mammullaria lehmannii sulcimamma Miquel, Linnaea 12:9. 1838.
Mammillaria martiana Pfeiffer, Linnaea 12: 140. 1838.
Mammullaria thelocamptos Lehmann, Linnaea 13: Litt. tor. 1839.
Mammillaria aulacothele multispina Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Aci. Brux. 6:92. 1839.
Mammullaria aulacothele spinosior Monville in Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 93. 1839.
Mammillaria aulacothele sulcimamma Pfeiffer in Walpers, Bot. Repert. 2: 302. 1843.
Mammullaria aulacothele flavispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 13. 1845.
Mammullaria polymorpha Scheer in Miihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 373. 1846.
Mammiullaria macrothele lehmanni Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 19. 1850.
Mammullaria macrothele biglandulosa Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 19. 1850.
Mammullaria plaschnicku straminea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 19. 1850.
Echinocactus macrothele Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 125. 1853.
Echinocactus plaschnickti Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 125. 4853.
Echinocactus macrothele lehmanni Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 125. 1853.
Echinocactus macrothele biglandulosus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 125. 1853.
Coryphantha lehmannt Lemaire, Cactées. 34. 1868.
Coryphantha aulacothele Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868.
Cactus macrothele Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus aulacothele Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
"S
CORYPHANTHA. 31
Cactus biglandulosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus lehmannti Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus plaschnickit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus octacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus martianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plant-body simple, cylindric, 3 dm. high, 12 to 15 cm. in diameter; axils of tubercles bearing
white wool, the groove with 1 or 2 red glands; tubercles elongated, up to 25 mm. long, spreading,
somewhat 4-angled but with broad bases; radial spines 8, spreading, rigid, horn-colored with black
tips, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines 1 or 2, stouter than the radials, brownish, 25 mm. long; flowers
about 6 cm. broad, straw-colored; perianth-segments linear-oblong, obtuse; filaments reddish; style
red; stigma-lobes yellow.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
Mammillaria polymorpha Scheer (Miihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 373. 1846) is prob-
ably only an abnormal greenhouse form of this species.
Coryphantha aulacothele and C. lehmanni (Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868) and M. macro-
thele nigrispina (Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk, 243. 1907) are only names but are usually
referred here.
Mammillaria leucantha is credited to De Candolle by Steudel (Nom. ed. 2. 2: 97. 1841),
but we have not seen such a name used by De Candolle. It may be a misspelling for M.
leucacantha. Steudel refers the name to WW. lehmannii, while the Index Kewensis states
that it equals MZ. recurva.
Cereus lehmannii Hortus is cited by Forster (Handb. Cact. 245. 1846) as a synonym of
M. lehmannit.
Illustrations: Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 2 and 3. 1201. f. 17362; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 65:
pl. 3634, as Mammillaria lehmannii; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 85; Krook, Handb. Cact.
38, as Mammillaria aulacothele; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 242. f. 161; Forster, Handb.
Cact. ed. 2. 391. f. 39, as Mammiullaria macrothele.
11. Coryphantha exsudans (Zuccarini) Lemaire.*
Mammullaria exsudans Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 15. 1837.
Mammillaria brevimamma Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 34. 1837.
Mammillaria glanduligera Otto and Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 298. 1848.
Mammillaria brevimamma exsudans Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 19. 1850.
Mammillaria asterias Cels in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 129. 1850.
Echinocactus glanduligerus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Echinocactus brevimammus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Coryphantha glanduligera Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868.
Coryphantha brevimamma Lemaire in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 394. 1885.
Cactus brevimamma Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus exsudans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus glanduliger Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Subcylindric, 4 em. in diameter; tubercles dull green, thick, ovate; glands in the axils of the
tubercles pale yellow; spine-areoles somewhat tomentose, becoming naked; radial spines 6 or 7, 6
to 10 mm. long, slender, straight, spreading, yellow; central spine 1, erect, yellow but brown at tip,
perhaps hooked; flowers yellow.
Type locality: Between Ixmiquilpan and Zimapan.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
All the synonyms cited above may or may not belong here. Our description is com-
piled mostly from Pfeiffer’s.
Mammillaria curvata (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 15. 1837) was given as a synonym of
Mammullaria exsudans. :
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 147; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475.
f. 8, No. 30, as Mammillaria glanduligera.
* This binomial is credited to Lemaire by Riimpler (Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 395. 1885), but as a synonym
of Mammillaria brevimamma exsudans.
32 THE CACTACEAE.
12. Coryphantha erecta Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868.
Mammillaria erecta Lemaire in Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 5: 370. 1837.
Mammillaria ceratocentra Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 130. 1840.
Echincocactus erectus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 126. 1853.
Cactus erectus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 18g9r.
Cactus ceratocentrus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Plant-body cylindric, yellowish green; axils of young tubercles white-woolly; tubercles obliquely
conic, somewhat rhombiform at base; radial spines 8 to 14, subulate, ascending, yellowish; central
spines 2, upper one short, lower one curved; flowers large, yellow; perianth-segments very narrow.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: State of Hidalgo.
The plant described by Schumann has four central spines and may not belong to this
species ; his illustration answers it fairly well but does not show 4centrals. We have recently
examined specimens labeled Mammillaria erecta which were sent by Carl Ackerman, em-
ployed at the Huntington estate near Los Angeles, California; his plants grow in clumps
Fics. 30 and 31.—Coryphantha erecta.
one meter in diameter; the larger branches are prostrate below, ascending or erect above,
3 dm. long; the spine-areoles are circular, white-felted when young; the spines are glossy
yellow, the radials widely spreading; central spines often wanting or sometimes solitary,
porrect, and shorter than the radials.
Mammillaria evarescentis, according to Lemaire (Cact. Aliq. Nov. 4. 1838), was a
garden name improperly applied to this species.
The three names Mammiullaria evanescens, M. evarescens, and M. evarascens were listed
as synonyms of I. erecta by Forster (Handb. Cact. 243. 1846).
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 504. f. 82; MGllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit.
25: 475.1. 8, No. 7; Lemaire, Icon. Cact. pl. 10, as Wammiularia erecta.
Figure 30 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. Rose in Mexico in 1906
(No. 1072a) and figure 31 is from a photograph of a plant growing in the Huntington col-
lection in southern California which was made by Ermest Braunton.
13. Coryphantha elephantidens Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Mammullaria elephantidens Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Noy. 1. 1838.
Echinocactus elephantidens Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Cactus elephantidens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
CORYPHANTHA. 33
Simple, subglobose, up to 14 cm. high and 19 cm. broad; tubercles very large, somewhat flat-
tened, obtuse, 4 to 5 cm. long, densely woolly in the axils; areoles elliptic, when young woolly, in
age naked; spines 8, all radial, somewhat unequal, subulate, the longest about 2 cm. long, spreading,
when young brownish with yellowish bases, black at apex; flowers large, rose-colored, 11 cm. broad;
perianth-segments numerous, narrowly oblong, apiculate.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Central Mexico, but Nicholson’s Dictionary of Gardening says Paraguay
in error.
This is a very characteristic plant but we know it only from illustrations. Walter
Mundt once offered it for sale but his supply has been exhausted ; he gives a good illustra-
tion of it in a group of cacti printed on his letter heads and he writes us that this plant
has a large carmine flower.
Schelle (Handb. Kakteenk. 238. 2505) gives MV. elephantidens spinosissima Rebut, with-
out synonymy or description.
Illustrations: Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 563. f. 33; Suppl. 516. f. 550; Forster, Handb.
Cact. ed. 2. 397. f. 40; Hort. Univ. 1: pl. 33; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2 pl. 20; Riim-
pler, Sukkulenten 206. f. 117; Garden 1: 396; Lemaire, Icon. Cact. pl. 2 [not pl. 3]; Herb.
Génér. Amat. II. 2: pl. 17; Palmer. Cult. Cact. 111; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 14,
f. 3; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 34; Blanc, Cacti 68. No. 1224; Watson, Cact. Cult. 159.
f. 60; Bergen in Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 5 ed. 1. 65; ed. 3. f. 38, as Mam-
millaria elephantidens.
14. Coryphantha bumamma (Ehrenberg).
Mammillaria bumamma Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 1'7: 243. 1849.
© Mammillaria elephantidens bumamma Schumann, Keys Monogr. Cact. 43. 1903.
Globular or somewhat depressed; tubercles few, very large, rounded at apex, bluish green, very
woolly in their axils when young but glabrate in age; spines 5 to 8, subulate, grayish brown, more or
less recurved, 2 cm. long or more, all radial; flower large, yellow, 5 to 6 cm. broad; inner perianth-
segments narrowly oblong, obtuse or retuse.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico.
This plant is perhaps nearest Coryphantha elephantidens, to which it was referred as a
variety, but the flowers are much smaller and nearly yellow. Mundt states that the
flowers are smaller but bright rose with a dark stripe. His plant, however, is not now in
his possession.
The plants are often much depressed, arising only a little above the surface of the
ground, and are firmly anchored in the soil by a thick root, almost equal in diameter to that
of the stem itself.
Dr. Rose made two collections in Mexico which we would refer here, one on the ped-
regal near Yautepec, Morelos (No. 8530), and the other at Iguala, Guerrero (No. 9320).
Illustration: Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°°: 194. f. 67, as Mammillaria bumamma.
Plate v, figure 6, shows a plant collected by H. H. Rusby at Lemon Mountain, Guer-
rero, altitude 800 meters, July 28, 1910 (No. 4), which flowered in the New York Botanical
Garden, September 11, 1911. Figure 29 is from a photograph showing a top view of a
plant collected by Dr. C. Reiche at Iguala, Mexico, in 1921.
15. Coryphantha robustispina (Schott).
Mammillaria robustispina Schott in Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 265. 1856.
Cactus robustispinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria browntt Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 22: 253. 1896.
Cactus brownit Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 22: 253. 1896.
Stems solitary or clustered, globular or a little longer than thick, 5 to 15 cm. high, densefy
armed and almost hidden by the spines; tubercles large, 2.5 to 2.8 cm. long, arranged in 13 some-
what spiraled rows, fleshy, in age thickly set one against the other, becoming more or less dorsally
flattened, pale, grayish green, narrowly grooved; radial spines 12 to 15, the 3 lower very stout, brown-
34 THE CACTACEAE.
ish, the upper generally weaker, the 2 or 3 uppermost ones much weaker, clustered closely together
and very pale, some of them sometimes crowded towards the center, the central spine solitary,
very stout and erect or sometimes curved or even hooked, yellow, 3.5 cm. long; all the larger spines
somewhat bulbous at base; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long, salmon-colored; ovary 20 to 25 mm. long, bearing
4 to 7 minute caducous scales; fruit narrowly oblong, 6 cm. long; seeds large, 3 mm. long, shining.
Type locality: Cited as Sonora in first publication of species; afterwards as south side
of the Baboquivari Mountains in northern Sonora.
Distribution: Mountains of southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and northern
Sonora.
We have followed Mrs. K. Brandegee in referring Mammullaria brownt1 here, for not
only do the original descriptions read much alike but the type localities for the two are in
the same mountain range. MM. brownii was described from a very small plant and dif-
fers considerably from mature individuals. Engelmann calls attention to the very large
seeds, which he says are “‘larger than those of any other MWammiullaria examined.’ He
also states, ‘‘embryo with some albumen, curved; cotyledon foliaceous, approaching the
structure of the seed of most Echinocactt.”
Dr. Shreve reports that the flowers appear in the summer and the fruits, which follow,
hold over the following winter, gradually drying up. The fruits do not open by a basal
pore as in other related species.
Wewould refer here specimens from Lordsburg, New Mexico, and Bowie, Arizona, which,
have heretofore been referred to Mammullaria valida, now Coryphantha muehlenpfordtit.
Illustrations: Bot. Gaz. 22: 254, as Mammiullaria browni1; Cact. Journ. 1: 85; Cact.
Mex. Bound. pl. 74, f. 8, as Mammiullaria robustispina.
16. Coryphantha connivens sp. nov.
Globular or somewhat depressed, 8 to 10 cm. broad, somewhat woolly at the crown at flowering
time but becoming glabrate; spines all radial but of two kinds; one kind 5 or 6, spreading or curved
backward, subulate, horn-colored, the other 8 to 10, from upper part of spine-areole, clustered, erect,
or toward top connivent, acicular, black at tip; flowers yellow, 6 to 7 cm. broad; perianth-segments
narrowly oblong, acuminate; fruit greenish, oblong, 3 cm. long; seeds brown, oblong, 2 mm. long.
This species is common in the Valley of Mexico, especially on the pedregal. Dr. Rose
collected it first in 1901 and again in 1905 and 1906; the type is his No. 8372 from near
Tlalpam, collected in 1905. Dr. C. Reiche also collected it between Tacubaya and
Santa Fé in 1922, and according to him the plant from this locality is the one referred to
Mammullaria pycnacantha by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 489. 1898).
The species is characterized by the peculiar clusters of spines in the upper angle of
the areoles. A small plant was sent by O. Solis from Tlalpam in 1907, but it has fewer
acicular spines than described above.
17. Coryphantha pectinata (Engelmann).
Mammiullaria pectinata Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 266. 1856.
Mammillaria pectinata cristata Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 403. 1885.
Cactus pectinatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Usually simple, globose, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles usually arranged in 13 spirals; upper
tubercles 10 to 12 mm. long, about twice as long as lower ones; areoles a little longer than broad;
spines 16 to 24, all radial, those on lower areoles appressed and often a little recurved, those from
upper part of upper areoles 12 to 18 mm. long, connivent over apex, yellowish white with black
tips; flowers yellow, 5 cm. long; ovary 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit 12 mm. long.
Type locality: On the Pecos River in western Texas.
Distribution: Southern Texas and adjacent parts of Mexico.
Coulter and Schumann refer it to Mammiullaria radians De Candolle, but it doubtless is
a distinct species. :
This plant is well illustrated by Engelmann and should be easily recognized. It
appears to have been collected only rarely. The only representatives we have of
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE Ill
1. Coryphantha nickelsae, from Monterey, Mexico.
2. Neobesseya similis, from Texas.
CORYPHANTHA. 35
it are flowers and a spine-cluster from the herbarium of J. W. Toumey, collected in his cactus
garden at Tucson, June 12, 1896, and a small specimen from near the type locality obtained
by Vernon Bailey, March 22, 1890, and more recently by Fisher at Langtry, Texas.
Illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: 114; 2: 6; Dict. Gard. Nicholson Suppl. 514. f. 546;
Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 402. f. 42; Ritmpler, Sukkulenten 204. f. 115; Journ. Hort.
Home Gard. 111. 46: 379; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 11; Watson, Cact. Cult. 169. f. 67; ed.
3. f. 44; West Amer. Sci. 13: 40; Blanc, Cacti 73. No. 1459; Cassell’s Dict. Gard. 2: 48;
Remark, Kakteenfreund 15, as Mammullaria pectinata; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 240.
f. 158, as M. radians impexicoma [Schelle’s illustration is the same as Engelmann’s].
Figure 31a is from a photograph of a plant obtained by George L. Fisher near Langtry,
Texas, in 1922.
Fic. 31a.—Coryphantha pectinata. Fic. 31b.—Coryphantha echinus.
18. Coryphantha nickelsae (K. Brandegee).
Mammillaria nickelsae K. Brandegee, Zoe 5: 31. 1900.
Described as globular, densely cespitose, often 7 cm. high, pale green and glaucous; older plants
becoming purplish; tubercles almost hidden by the overlapping spines, rather broad at base, low,
not densely arranged; spines 14 to 16, all radial (a few forming a small fascicle at top of groove),
slender, at first simply spreading but afterward bent back and interlaced with those of adjoining
tubercles, 8 to 10 mm. long, at first yellowish at base with dark tips, but afterwards bleaching;
flowers described as bright yellow, with a red center, 5 to 7 cm. broad; fruit nearly globular, 5 to
7 mm. long, green; seeds small, brown.
Type locality: Mexico, southward from Laredo, Texas.
Distribution: Northern Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
Plants collected by Robert Runyon in March 1921, on Mount La Mitra, near
Monterey, which we believe should be referred here, deserve some detailed description.
They grow in clusters of 4 to 12. From the axils of the lower tubercles near the surface of
the ground numerous young plants or buds originate; the young spines are pale yellow,
with reddish-brown tips, in age some bleaching white, others brownish to nearly black
throughout; many of the first areoles have only radial spines but old plants often have one
central spine 1.5 to 2 cm. long, from all the upper areoles; flowers large, light yellow; inner
perianth-segments spreading, linear-lanceolate, acuminate; anthers bright yellow.
Plate 11, figure 1, is from a photograph of the plant collected by Mr. Runyon, which
was made at his home in Brownsville, Texas, September 15, 1921. Figure 32 is from a
photograph of a specimen sent us by Dr. Richard E. Kunze in 1911.
36 THE CACTACEAE.
19. Coryphantha compacta (Engelmann).
Mammillaria compacta Engelmann in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Cactus compactus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Plants solitary, somewhat depressed, 3 to 6 cm. high, 5 ‘o 8 cm. broad; tubercles in 13 rows,
much crowded, 8 mm. long, sulcate above; radial spines 14 to 16, rigid, appressed, interwoven with
adjacent ones, whitish, 10 to 20 mm. long; central spines usually wanting; flowers 2 cm. long and
broad, yellow; fruit oval; seeds smooth and yellow.
Type locality: Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua.
Distribution: Mountains of Chihuahua.
This species had long been known only from the original plant collected by Wislizenus,
but in r908 Dr. Rose visited the type locality, where he re-collected the plant, which later
flowered at Washington.
Fic. 32.—Coryphantha nickelsae. Fic. 33.—Coryphantha compacta.
The name Coryphantha compacta occurs in C. R. Orcutt’s Circular to Cactus Fanciers,
1922.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 74, f. 2 (seeds); Dict. Gard. Nicholson Suppl.
515. f. 548; Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. 262: pl. 2, f. 1; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 2.
254. f. 95; ed. 3. 76. f. 35, as Mammillaria compacta.
Figure 33 is from a photograph of the plant collected by Dr. Rose.
20. Coryphantha radians (De Candolle).
Mammillaria radians De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 111. 1828.
Mammillaria impexicoma Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 5. 1838.
Mammiullaria daimonoceras Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 5. 1838.
Mammiullaria radians globosa Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 494. 1838.
Mammillaria cornifera impexicoma Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 20. 1850.
Echinocactus corniferus impexicomus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Echinocactus radicans Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Coryphantha datmonoceras Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Cactus radians Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 18gr.
Cactus radians pectinoides Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 114. 1894.
Mammillaria radians impexicoma Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 495. 1808.
Mammillaria radians daemonoceras Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 496. 1898.
Solitary, globose, either obtuse or depressed at the top, 7.5 cm. in diameter; tubercles ovoid,
lar e; axils of tubercles naked; areoles glabrate; spines all radial, 16 to 18, white or sometimes yel-
CORYPHANTHA. 37
lowish, 10 to 12 mm. long, rigid, tomentose when young; flowers lemon-yellow, with outer segments
tinged with red, about 10 cm. broad, the segments narrowly oblong to spatulate, acute, somewhat
toothed toward the apex.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
It is difficult to ascertain what the true Mammiullaria radians of De Candolle really is.
The type plant was described from specimens collected by Thomas Coulter, probably in
eastern Mexico. We believe that specimens collected by Dr. Edward Palmer near San
Luis Potosi, Mexico, represent the species as well as any plants we have yet seen; these,
however, are cespitose as well as solitary. The species seems nearest Coryphantha compacta.
Cactus radians pectinoides Coulter, based on Eschanzier’s plant from San Luis Potosi
(1891), we have not seen but suspect that it belongs here.
Fic. 34.—Coryphantha radians. Fic. 35.—Coryphantha sulcolanata,
Mammiullaria monoclova is only a garden name cited by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen
495. 1898) as a synonym of this species.
Coryphantha impexicoma, credited to Lemaire, is given as a synonym of Mammillaria
cornifera impexicoma Salm-Dyck by Riimpler (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 414. 1885).
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 102; Tribune Hort. 4: pl. 139; Succulenta 5:
57, as Mammullaria radians; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 7, as M. radians impexicoma.
Figure 34 is from a photograph of the plant collected at San Rafael by Dr. Chaffey
in I9gI0.
21. Coryphantha sulcolanata Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Mammiullaria sulcolanata Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 2. 1838.
Echinocactus sulcolanatus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Mammullaria conimamma Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 25: 239. 1857.
Mammillaria cornimamma N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron. III. 2: 186. 1887.
Cactus sulcolanatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Subglobose, somewhat depressed, cespitose, 5 cm. high, 6 cm. thick or more; tubercles some-
what 5-angled at base, subconic above, their axils very woolly when young; spines 9 or 10, all radial,
unequal, 12 to 16 mm. long, the lower and upper weaker and shorter than the lateral ones, brownish
with black tips, but when young whitish yellow with purple tips; flowers large, 4 cm. long or more,
widely spreading, 6 cm. broad or more; perianth-segments oblong, acute.
38 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Not cited, but Riimpler states that the plant was collected by Galeotti
near Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo, in 1836.
Distribution: Mexico, perhaps Hidalgo, but definite range unknown.
Aulacothele sulcolanatum Monville (Lemaire, Icon. Cact. pl. 10. 1841-1847), referred
here as a Synonym, seems never to have been published.
Mammiullaria retusa Scheidweiler is sometimes referred here also and the name has
priority over /. sulcolanata, but we are treating it as distinct.
Echinocactus conimamma Linke was cited by Schumann (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5:
75.1895) by mistake for Mammiullaria conimamma Linke. M. conimamma major is listed
by Haage (Cact. Kultur ed. 2. 179. 1900).
The name Mammiullaria sulcolanata macracantha (Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 273. 1843)
was without description.
Illustrations: Haage, Cact. Kultur ed. 2. 178, as Mammiullaria bumamma; Blanc,
Hints on Cacti 68. No. 1224, as Mammiullaria elephantidens ; Lemaire, Icon. Cact. pl. 10;
Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 408. f. 45; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 238. f. 154; Watson,
Cact. Cult. 178. f. 72; ed. 3. f. 49; Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 6: 65; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4:
565. f. 40; Suppl. 518. f. 558, as Mammillaria sulcolanata; M@llers Deutsche Gart. Zeit.
25: 475. f. 8, No. 2, as Mammiullaria conimamma; Lemaire, Cactées 35. f. 2.
Figure 35 is from a photograph of the plant collected by Dr. Rose near Pachuca in 1905.
Fic. 36.—Coryphantha retusa. Fic. 37.—Coryphantha salm-dyckiana.
22. Coryphantha retusa (Pfeiffer).
Mammillaria retusa Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 5: 369. 1837.
Cactus retusus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plants depressed-globose, 5 to ro cm. in diameter, the top very woolly; tubercles rather large;
areoles elliptic; spines 6 to 12, all radial, appressed, or even curved backward, yellowish to brownish,
subulate, except 2 or 3 acicular ones at upper part of areoles; flowers central, yellow, about 3 cm.
long; inner perianth-sezments oblong, acute.
Type locality; Mexico.
Distribution: Oaxaca, Mexico.
We have referred to this species a plant common in Oaxaca, which answers the original
description very well. It was collected by Pringle in 1894 (No. 5706) and by Conzatti in
CORYPHANTHA. 39
1907, 1909, and 1920. It has also been sent us from the same region by O. Solis and
B. P. Reko.
Figure 36 is from a photograph of a plant sent from Oaxaca by O. Solis in 1920.
23. Coryphantha palmeri sp. nov.
Plant-body globular; tubercles closely set in about 13 rows but not very regularly arranged, pale
green, not very flaccid; radial spines 11 to 14, rather stout, spreading nearly at right angles to central
one, yellowish; tips often blackish; central spine one, stout, terete, hooked at apex; young areoles
very woolly; flowers central, pale yellow to nearly white, about 3 cm. long; outer perianth-segments
linear-oblong, acute, brownish on broad mid-rib, entire, the inner yellow throughout, acuminate;
stamens numerous; stigma-lobes 9, linear, cream-colored.
Collected by Dr. Edward Palmer on stony ridge near Durango, Mexico, and flowered
in Washington, July 1906 (No. 557, type). Here seem to belong plants collected by
Dr. Palmer at Agua Nueva, April 1905 (No. 561), and at Saltillo, October 1904 (No. 438),
and July 1905 (No. 703), and also by F. E. Lloyd in Zacatecas, 1908 (No. 9).
24. Coryphantha cornifera (De Candolle) Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Mammillaria cornifera De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 112. 1828.
Mammiullaria pfeifferana De Vriese, Tydschr. Nat. Geschr. 6:51. 1839.
Mammillaria scolymoides Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9: 44. 1841.
Mammillaria scolymoides longiseta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 132. 1850.
Mammillaria scolymoides nigricans Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 132. 1850.
Echinocactus corniferus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Echinocactus corniferus longisetus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Echinocactus corniferus nigricans Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Echinocactus corniferus scolymoides Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Cactus corniferus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus pfeifferanus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus scolymoides Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plant solitary, globose, pale green; tubercles short, broad, somewhat imbricated, 12 cm. high;
radial spines 16 or 17, grayish, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spine 1, stout, erect or subincurved,
generally dark colored, 14 to 16 mm. long; flowers yellow, tinged with red, 7 cm. broad; inner peri-
anth-segments oblanceolate, acuminate; fruit not seen.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
We refer here a plant collected by Dr. Rose near San Juan del Rio, August 17, 1905.
Schumann referred Mammiullaria scolymoides to Mammillaria radians, but its relation-
ship is rather with M/. cornifera as suggested by Schumann.
Mammullaria cornifera mutica Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 20. 1850), taken
up afterwards as Echinocactus corniferus muticus by Poselger (Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102.
1853), was without description and to it was referred Mammillaria radians Hortus,
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 492. f. 81; Thomas, Zimmerkultur
Kakteen 55; Bull. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. 262: pl. 1; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 125;
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 73, as Mammiullaris cornifera; Karsten and Schenck, Vegeta-
tionsbilder 2: pl. 20e, as Mammiullaria scolymoides; Tydschr. Nat. Geschr. 6: pl. 1, f. 2, as
Mammullaria pfeifferana.
Plate u1, figure 4, shows a plant collected by Dr. C. A. Purpus in Coahuila in 1905 which
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden.
25. Coryphantha salm-dyckiana (Scheer).
Mammiullaria salm-dyckiana Scheer in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 134. 1850.
Mammullaria salm-dyckiana brunnea Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 394. 1850.
Echinocactus salm-dyckianus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Cactus salm-dyckianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammullaria delaetiana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 59. 1908.
Plants either solitary or in clusters, nearly globular or sometimes club-shaped, 10 ‘o 15 cm. in
diameter, light green; tubercles rather short, closely set; radial spines about 15, spreading, slender,
to to 15 mm. long, grayish or whitish; central spines 1 to 4, reddish to black, the 3 upper ones when
40 THE CACTACEAE.
present ascending and those near top of plant connivent, the lowest central stouter than others, 2
to 2.5 em. long, porrect or curved downward; flowers large, 4 cm. long; outer perianth-segments
greenish or tinged with red, the inner pale yellow; filaments greenish yellow; stigma-lobes 7.
Type locality: Near Chihuahua, Mexico.
Distribution: Common in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Mammillaria salm-dyckiana was originally collected by John Potts near Chihuahua
City and sent to Kew; its flowers and fruit were unknown. Schumann referred it as a
synonym of WV. scheeri, but we believe that it must be distinct and that M. delaetiana is the
same. It was described from plants distributed by de Laet, who probably obtained them
from C. R. Orcutt.
In 1908 Dr. E. Palmer collected some fine plants near Chihuahua City, from which our
flower characters have been drawn.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 59; 20: 92, as Mammullaria delaetiana.
Figure 37 is from a photograph of the plant collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Chihuahua
City in 1908.
26. Coryphantha pallida sp. nov.
Plants either solitary or in clusters of about 10 or more, globular, 12 cm. in diameter or less,
bluish green; tubercles in 13 rows, short and thick, closely set; radial spines 20 or more, white, ap-
Fic. 38.—Coryphantha pallida. Fic. 39.—Coryphantha pycnacantha.
pressed; centrals usually 3, but sometimes more, the two upper more or less ascending, the lower
porrect or curved downward, with tip black, or sometimes black throughout; flowers very large,
often 7 cm. long and nearly as broad; outer perianth-segments narrow, greenish yellow, with a red-
dish stripe on back; inner perianth-segments pale lemon-yellow, broader than outermost, acuminate;
ovary bearing a few narrow scales; stamens deep red, numerous; style yellow, longer than stamens;
stigma-lobes 9; fruit greenish brown, 2 cm. long; seeds brown, shining, broader at apex than below.
Common in calcareous soil about Tehuacan, Mexico. Collected by J. N. Rose in 1901
(No. 5583, type), in 1905 (Nos. 99972 and 1ooor), and in 1906. Living specimens were
also obtained and these have flowered repeatedly in cultivation. It was also collected
by C. G. Pringle in 1901 (No. 8573) and distributed as Mammillaria pycnacantha?.
CORYPHANTHA. AI
In young plants the spines are not so numerous, the central spine is single, porrect,
slightly curved, with black tips.
Figure 38 is from a photograph of the plant collected at the type locality in 1906.
27. Coryphantha pycnacantha (Martius) Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
? Mammiullaria latimamma De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 114. 1828.
Mammillaria pycnacantha Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 325. 1832.
? Mammillaria acanthostephes Lehmann, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 228. 1835.
Mammillaria arietina Lemaire * Cact. Alig. Nov. 10. 1838.
Mammillaria scepontocentra Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 43. 1839.
Mammillaria arietina spinosior Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 94. 1839.
Mammillaria pycnacantha spinosior Monville in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 14. 1845.
Mammillaria magnimamma arietina Salm-Dyck in Forster, Handb. Cact. 235. 1846.
Mammillaria winkleri Forster, Allg. Gartenz. 15:50. 1847.
Mammillaria magnimamma lutescens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 17, 121. 1850.
Echinocactus winkleri Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
? Echinocactus acanthostephes Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Echinocactus pycnacanthus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Mammillaria acanthostephes recta Hortus in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 138. 1853.
? Coryphantha acanthostephes Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Cactus acanthostephes Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus latimamma Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus pycnacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus scepontocentrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus winklert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plant solitary, globular to cylindric, about 8 cm. high; tubercles broad, grooved above, glaucous-
green; radial spines 10 to 12, slender, 10 to 16 mm. long; central spines about 4, stouter than the
radials, about 25 mm. long, more or less curved backward, usually black; flowers from near center
of plant, 25 mm. in diameter, yellowish; perianth-segments numerous, very narrow; stigma-lobes 5
or 6, white.
Type locality: Near the city of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Distribution: Oaxaca, Mexico.
The skeleton of the type of this species is preserved in the Munich Museum and Dr.
Rose obtained a cluster of spines from this specimen in 1912.
Coryphantha pycnacantha has long been a desideratum. In September 1920 Professor
Conzatti sent several small plants from near the type locality. In these, the radial spines
are white, the centrals (3) are nearly black, and all more or less curved backward. In the
center of the plant a quantity of white wool is developed, so abundant that it can be
gathered for commercial use. With the specimens of Professor Conzatti are samples of
the wool with an inquiry as to its value as a fiber.
Mammillaria magnimamma spinosior Lemaire (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844.
12. 1845) was not described at the place here cited. Labouret afterwards refers it as a
synonym of M. magnimamma lutescens.
Mammillaria cephalophora Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 137. 1850; Echino-
cactus cephalophorus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853; Cactus cephalophorus Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891) was a new name for Melocactus mammillariaeformis | Salm-
Dyck (Allg. Gartenz. 4: 148. 1836). It was first described as a Melocactus (because of its
woolly crown), but it seems to be more like a Coryphantha. Its exact origin in Mexico
seems to be unknown and the flowers had not been described up to 1850. Pfeiffer stated
that the seeds obtained from a dead plant were similar to those of Mammullaria coronaria.
Schumann discussed it under M. pycnacantha in a note. Hemsley (Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. I: 502) listed it as a Melocactus.
Mammillaria pycnacantha scepontocentra Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 136. 1853)
belongs here by implication.
Mammillaria magnimamma Otto was referred by De Candolle (Mém. Cact. 17. 1834)
to his M. latimamma, now referred to this species.
* Schumann refers this name as a synonym of Mammiullaria centricirrha.
{ Schumann spells this name Melocactus mamillariiformis.
42 THE CACTACEAE.
Echinocactus radiatus Hortus Belg. was referred as a synonym of Mammiullaria
pycnacantha by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 180. 1837).
Illustrations: Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 17; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1379. f. 19387;
Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 3; Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1:
pl. 26; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 69: pl. 3972, as Mammiullaria pycnacantha.
Figure 39 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above; a spine-cluster is also
shown.
28. Coryphantha echinus (Engelmann).
Mammillaria echinus Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 267. 1856.
Cactus echinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Mammillaria radians echinus Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 496. 1898.
Solitary, globose to subconic, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter, almost hidden under the closely appressed
spines; areoles orbicular or a little longer than broad; radial spines numerous, white, 10 to 16 mm.
long; central spines 3 or 4, the 3 upper erect or connivent over the apex, the lower one porrect on
side of plant, erect near top, subulate, straight, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, often blackish; flowers 2.5 to
5 cm. long, yellow; outer perianth-segments linear-lanceolate; inner perianth-segments 20 to 30,
narrow; stigma-lobes about 12; fruit oblong, 12 mm. long.
Type locality: On the Pecos River, Texas.
Distribution: Western Texas.
The flowers with the type plant seem to have been shriveled, for Engelmann describes
them as large, apparently about 1% or 2 inches long; in a later description he states that
they are yellow. This species is very rare in collections and we have seen no flowers of it.
All the illustrations cited below are based on the figure in the Mexican Boundary Survey.
The name Coryphantha echinus occurs in C. R. Orcutt’s Circular to Cactus Fanciers,
1922.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 10; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 562. f. 32; Suppl.
515. {. 549; Watson, Cact. Cult. 157. f. 59; ed. 3. f. 37; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 404. f.
43; Blanc, Cacti 68. f. 1228, as Wammiullaria echinus ; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 240. f. 159,
as M. radians echinus.
Figure 31) is from a photograph of a plant obtained by George L. Fisher near Langtry,
. Texas, in 1922.
29. Coryphantha durangensis (Riinge).
Mammillaria durangensis Riinge in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 478. 1808.
Plants solitary or in small clusters, short-cylindric, 10 cm. long or less, somewhat glaucous;
tubercles rather prominent, in 5 or 8 series, somewhat compressed dorsally, very woolly in the axils;
radial spines 6 to 8, acicular, spreading, 1 cm. long or less; central spine solitary, often erect, those
of uppermost areoles connivent, black; flowers very small, about 2 cm. long, when fully expanded
2.5 to 4 cm. broad; outer perianth-segments dark purple or with only a purple stripe down center;
inner perianth-segments cream- colored to pale lemon-yellow; filaments cream-colored, about length
of style; style and stigma-lobes cream-colored, the latter 5, linear and curved backward; fruit globu-
lkBTE, & to 8 mm. in diameter, naked, greenish; seeds brown, about 1 mm. broad.
Type locality: Villa Lerdo, Durango, Mexico.
Distribution: Northern Mexico.
Dr. E. Chaffey has collected this plant for us several times at the type locality, but it
does not survive long under glass. In 1911 he found a cristate form with the lobes flat-
tened like the joints of an Opuntia, bearing flowers along the edges.
This is Mammillaria compressa of Hildmann’s Catalogue, according to Schumann
(Gesamtb. Kakteen 479. 1898).
Illustration: Wiener Il. Gart. Zeit. 29: 411. f. 105, as Mammillaria radians.
Plate v, figure 4, shows a plant sent by Dr. Chaffey from the type locality in 1918,
which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, April 8, 1918. Figure 40 is from a
photograph of a potted plant sent by Dr. Chaffey in 1910 which flowered in Washington;
figure 41 is from a photograph of another plant sent by Dr. Chaffey in 1910.
CORYPHANTHA. 43
30. Coryphantha chlorantha (Engelmann).
Mammiullaria chlorantha Engelmann in Rothrock, Rep. U. S. Geogr. Surv. 6: 127. 1878.
Cactus radiosus chloranthus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 121. 1894.
Mammiullaria radiosa chlorantha * Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 481. 1898.
Plant cylindric, sometimes 20 to 25 cm. high, 8 cm. in diameter; tubercles closely set and entirely
hidden by the densely matted spines; flowers small, 35 mm. broad; outer perianth-segments ciliate;
inner perianth-segments yellow or greenish yellow, linear-lanceolate, acute; stigma-lobes white;
fruit central, green, 2.5 cm. long, juicy, bearing 5 or 6 scales near top; seeds brown, flattened, 1.5
mm. long, reticulated.
Type locality: Southern Utah, east of Saint George.
Distribution: Southern Utah, western Arizona, central Nevada, and eastern southern
California.
Mammullaria utahensis Hildmann, cited by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 481.
1898) as a synonym of M. radiosa, may have been based on this plant.
Illustrations: Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 328. f. 33; Gartenflora 32: 87; Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 7: 53, as Mammiullaria chlorantha; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 236. f. 151, as
M. radiosa chlorantha.
Plate v, figure 7, is from a plant collected by I. Tidestrom at the type locality in 1919,
which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, May 27, 1919. Figure 42 is from a
photograph of a plant collected by Major E. A. Goldman in Prospect Valley, Arizona.
Fics. 40 and 41.—Coryphantha durangensis.
31. Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton and Rose in Britton and Brown, Illustr. Fl. ed. 2. 2:
571. 1913.
Cactus viviparus Nuttall, Fraser’s Cat. No. 22. 1813.
Mammiullaria vivipara Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Succ. 72. 1819.
Mammillaria radiosa Engelmann, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 196. 1850.
Echinocactus radiosus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Echinocactus viviparus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Mammillaria vivipara vera Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 269. 1856.
Mammullaria vivipara radiosa Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 269. 1856.
Mammillaria vivipara radiosa Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 15. 1859, as subspecies.
Cactus radiosus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 120. 1894.
Mammillaria hirschtiana Haage, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 127. 1896.
Coryphantha radiosa Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mountains 581. 1917.
* Schumann credits this trinomial to Engelmann at the place here cited, although we believe that Engelmann
never used it.
44 THE CACTACEAE.
Plants solitary or in clusters forming mounds 3 to 4 dm. in diameter, globular, with prominent
tubercles; areoles large, woolly; radial spines about 16, rather delicate, radiating, white; centrals 4
to 6, divergent, much stouter, brownish, swollen at base; ovary green, naked; outer perianth-seg-
ments greenish; inner ones somewhat pinkish, long-ciliate; innermost perianth-segments pinkish
purple, narrow, acuminate, entire, spreading; filaments much shorter than the segments, pinkish,
but paler below; style greenish to purple above, longer than the stamens; stigma-lobes linear, purple,
about 8, apiculate; fruit green when mature, juicy, nearly globular, 1.5 cm. in diameter, with several
(sometimes 5 or 6) small ciliate scales scattered over its surface; seeds light brown, 1.5 mm. long.
Oo»
Type locality: ‘“‘Near the Mandan towns on the Missouri, lat. near 49°.
Distribution: Manitoba to Alberta, Kansas, south to northern Texas and Colorado.
The group to which Coryphantha vivipara belongs has always been very puzzling.
Dr. Engelmann, our greatest authority on this group, was sometimes of one opinion and
Fic. 42.—Coryphantha chlorantha. Fic. 43.—Coryphantha neo-mexicana.
sometimes of another. Schumann rejected the specific name vivipara of Haworth for this
plant since he thought that it was not the same as the vivipara of Engelmann, but in this he
must be wrong, for Mammiullaria vivipara Haworth was based upon Cactus viviparus Pursh,
a name previously used by Nuttall, and both Pursh’s and Nuttall’s descriptions were
based on the specimens collected by Nuttall in ‘Upper Louisiana” in 1812. This is
undoubtedly the plant which Engelmann had in mind and which he called variety
vera. We have not seen the type, but Pursh stated that he had seen flowers in Lambert’s
Garden.
Engelmann’s remarks regarding the variability of the species are interesting. In the
Proceedings of the American Academy (3: 269) he says:
“The extreme forms are certainly very unlike one another, but the transitions are so gradual
that I can not draw strict limits between them.”
Coryphantha vivipara and the three following species are closely related.
This plant is a day bloomer, and according to Engelmann the flowers become fully
expanded about one o'clock in the afternoon.
Hooker in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine (pl. 7718) figures and describes a plant pur-
chased from D. M. Andrews of Boulder, Colorado, in which all the spines are brown, the
flower is rose-red, and the stigma-lobes are linear and white.
CORYPHANTHA. 45
Mammillaria montana is described briefly and figured (f. 1399) by Blane in Hints on
Cacti, p.72. It is also described and figured by Darel (Illustr. Handb. Kakteen 96. f. 81),
who says that it comes from Montana and Utah. It is illustrated by Haage (Cact. Kultur
ed. 2. 187). It is apparently the same as Coryphantha vivipara.
Illustrations: Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 1356; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f.
2315; lribune Hort. 4: pl. 140; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 126: pl. 7718; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f.
43; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 74, f. 3 (seed); Meehan’s Monthly 9: pl. 9, as Mammillaria
vivipara; Clements, Rocky Mountain Flow. pl. 32, f. 7; Clements, Fl. Mount. Plain pl. 32,
f. 7; Britton and Brown, Illustr. Fl. 2: 462. f. 2526, as Cactus viviparus; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 3: 132; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 236. f. 150; Floralia 42: 375, as Mammillaria
radiosa; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 74, f. 5 (seed), as Mammillaria radiosa texana; Cact. Mex.
Bound. pl. 74. f. 4 (seed), as M. radiosa borealis; Britton and Brown, Illustr. Fl. ed. 2. 2:
f. 2985.
32. Coryphantha neo-mexicana (Engelmann).
Mammillaria vivipara radiosa neo-mexicana Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 269. 1856.
Mammillaria radiosa neo-mexicana Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 64. 1859.
Mammillaria radiosa borealis Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 68. 1859.
Mammillaria radiosa texana Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 68. 1859.
Cactus radiosus neo-mexicanus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 120. 1894.
Cactus neo-mexicanus Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 812. 1903.
Mammillaria neo-mexicana A. Nelson in Coulter and Nelson, Man. Bot. Rocky Mountains 327. 1909.
Plants usually solitary, globular to short-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, the whole body usually hid-
den under a mass of spines; radiaf spines numerous, acicular, usually white; central spines several,
much stouter than the radials, pale below, brown or black towards top; flowers 4 to 5 cm. broad
when fully expanded; outer perianth-segments greenish or the ones nearer center purplish, ciliate;
inner perianth-segments broadly linear, acuminate and apiculate, more or less serrate above; fila-
ments greenish, much shorter than perianth-segments; stigma-lobes extending beyond filaments,
white, obtuse, not apiculate as in Coryphantha vivipara; fruit 2.5 cm. long, green, juicy, naked except
a few hairy scales near top, capped by withered perianth, depressed at apex.
Type locality: Western Texas to New Mexico, doubtless at El Paso.
Distribution: Western Texas, New Mexico, and northern Chihuahua.
The distribution of this species can not be stated at present very definitely. It may
be that some of the plants from northern New Mexico, especially those found in the
mountains, may better be referred to C. vivipara, and the same is true of some of the plants
from Texas. It is probable that the plants from central Texas and perhaps northwestern
Texas may all be referred to C. vivipara. We haveno Mexican plants before us but we have
plants from El Paso, just over the Mexican Boundary line. Just how far south the species
extends we do not know. We have greatly restricted the range from that given by Coulter
in the Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium (3: 120. 1894).
Illustrations: Gartenwelt 4: 159; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 13; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed.
2. 304. f. 30, as Mammiullaria radiosa neo-mexicana; Watson, Cact. Cult. 181. f. 73; ed. 3. f.
50; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 566. f. 41, as Mammiullaria vivipara radiosa; Dict. Gard.
Nicholson Suppl. 517. f. 554, as Mammillaria radiosa; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 74 (seed), as
Mammiullaria borealis.
Plate 11, figure 1, shows a plant sent from Canutillo, Texas, by Mrs. S. L. Pattison in
1920; figure 1a shows the fruit. Figure 43 is from a photograph of a plant collected by
Dr. Rose near Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1908.
33. Coryphantha arizonica (Engelmann).
Mammillaria arizonica Engelmann, Bot. Calif. 1: 124. 1876.
Cactus radiosus arizonicus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 121. 1894.
Mammillaria radiosa arizonica Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 481. 1898.
Sometimes cespitose, forming large clumps a meter broad; each head globose to ovoid, 7.5 to
10 cm. in diameter; tubercles about 2.5 cm. long, cylindric, ascending, deeply grooved; spines numer-
46 THE CACTACEAE.
ous, straight, rigid; radial spines 15 to 20, 10 to 30 mm. long, whitish; inner spines 3 to 6, stouter
than the radial ones, deep brown above; flowers large, 5 to 7 cm. broad, rose-colored; outer perianth-
segments 30 to 40, linear-subulate, with fimbriate margin; inner perianth-segments 40 to 50, lan-
ceolate-linear, attenuate; stigma-lobes 8 to 10, white; fruit oval, green; seeds compressed, light brown,
pitted.
Type locality: Northern Arizona.
Distribution: Northern Arizona, especially along the Upper River of the Grand Canyon,
and perhaps also in southern Utah.*
Mammillaria arizonica Engelmann, when first described, was a complex. Engelmann
states that it was found “‘on rocky and sandy soil in northern Arizona from the Colorado
eastward (Coues, Palmer, F. Bischoff) and into southern Utah (J. E. Johnson) ; probably in
southeastern California.” Engelmann afterwards described Johnson’s plant from Utah
as M. chlorantha and the California plant is doubtless his 1/7. deserti. We have in the U. S.
National Herbarium Palmer’s specimen from Arizona but we have not seen the plant of
Coues nor of Bischof.
Fics. 44 and 45.—Coryphantha deserti.
The northern range of this species is very uncertain. Engelmann extended it into
southern Utah.
Plate v, figure 5, shows a plant sent by M. A. H. Spencer from
the Grand Canyon, Arizona, in May 1907, which afterwards flowered &
in Washington. ye
34. Coryphantha deserti (Engelmann).
Mammiullaria deserti Engelmann, Bot .Calif. 2: 449. 1880.
Cactus radiosus deserti Coulter, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 121. 1894.
Cactus radtosus alversonii Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 122. 1894.
Mammullaria alversonit Zeissold, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 70. 1895.
Mammiullaria radiosa alversonit Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 481. 1808.
Mammillaria radiosa deserti Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 481. 1808.
Solitary or cespitose, usually cylindric, sometimes 2 dm. high, 6 to 9 cm.
‘ é 5 = 2 z s Fic. 46.—Flower of
in diameter, densely covered with spines; radial spines white except at tip, C. deserti.
* Our Utah reference is based on some detached flowers collected by M. E. Jones and a barren plant sent by
Dr. C. D. Marsh in 1922. Both collections came from above Salina.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
PLATE IV
40 ae
<>
Pas
ff
Coryphantha aggregata, from Arizona.
sd
at
Bhite)
is
he
rote
CORYPHANTHA. 47
spreading; central spines several, sometimes as many as 14, much stouter than the radials, slightly
spreading, those toward top of plant connivent, black or bluish black in their upper half, shading
into red, nearly white at base; flowers 3 cm. long and nearly as broad when expanded, light pink,
opening in bright sunlight; scales and outer perianth-segments ciliate; inner perianth-segments
narrow, acute.
Type locality: Ivanpah, California.
Distribution: Deserts of southern California and southern Nevada.
This species is characterized by its stiff spines, with bluish-black tips shading into
red, and is known in southern California as fox-tail cactus. The original description of
Mammiullaria deserti states that the flowers are straw-colored, tipped with pink, and this
suggests Coryphantha chlorantha but we believe that it belongs with Mammillaria alversonit,
which certainly has pinkish flowers, and since the name deserti is older than alversonit it is
substituted for it.
Illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for February, in part; Alverson’s Cat. pl. facing 8, as
Mammullaria alversoni1; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 480. f. 79, as VW. radiosa alversonii.
Figure 44 is from a photograph of a single plant sent by E. C. Rost; figure 45 is from a
photograph of a clump photographed by E. C. Rost in its natural surroundings; figure 46
shows a flower taken from Mr. Rost’s plant.
Fic. 47.—Coryphantha aggregata. Fic. 48.—Mamzmiillaria recurvispina.
35. Coryphantha aggregata (Engelmann).
Mammiularia aggregata Engelmann in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848.
Cereus aggregatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 396. 1896, as to name.
Echinocereus aggregatus Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 33: 146. 1906, as to name.
Plants solitary or cespitose, globular to short-oblong, very spiny; radial spines numerous, stouter
than those of Coryphantha vivipara, white, often with brown tips, appressed; central spines several,
stout, all erect and appressed or one often porrect, those towards top of plant connivent; flowers
very large and showy, purplish, 5 to 7 cm. broad; outer perianth-segments ciliate; inner perianth-
segments narrowly oblanceolate, often 6 mm. broad, acute, apiculate; stigma-lobes 8 to 10, elongated,
white; fruit green, oblong, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, naked or occasionally bearing a small scale on the side,
juicy; seeds dark brown, 2 mm. long.
Type locality: Head waters of the Gila.
Distribution: Western New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern Sonora.
Mammullaria aggregata came from the headwaters of the Gila. The type was not
preserved and is known only from a drawing reproduced in Emory’s report. ‘There has
48 THE CACTACEAE.
been much discussion about the identity of the plant; Coulter transferred it to Cereus,
referring to it Cereus coccineus and C. phoentceus and assigning to it a wide range, Colorado
to San Luis Potosi. Rydberg transferred the name to Echinocereus but applied it to the
same group of plants described by Coulter. A careful restudy of the original illustration
and Engelmann’s description and a restudy of all the cacti of similar habit in the southwest
leads us to a different conclusion from that reached by Dr. Coulter and Dr. Rydberg.
Engelmann, who described it as a Mammillaria, says that it appears to be allied to
M. vivipara, and this we believe is its true relationship. A Mammiullaria from the region
about Flagstaff often forms the great clusters mentioned by Engelmann, and while we
believe that it differs from the one found in northern Arizona it is certainly a near ally,
probably representing the closely related species from southeastern Arizona and south-
western New Mexico which has often passed as M. arizonica.
Engelmann referred a specimen which he had from Sonora to his variety Mammillaria
vivipara neo-mexicana with the remark that it was “a form with more spines than any
other.”’
Plate rv shows a clump sent by Mrs. Ruth C. Ross from near Aravaipa, Arizona, in July
1922. Figure 47 is from a photograph of a single plant obtained by Dr. Rose near Benson
May 1, 1908, which afterwards flowered in Washington.
36. Coryphantha cubensis Britton and Rose, Torreya 12:15. 1912.
Mammillaria urbaniana Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22:65. 1912.
Plants depressed-globose, tufted, 2 to 3 cm. broad, pale green; tubercles numerous, vertically
compressed, 6 to 7 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, about 3 mm. thick, grooved on upper side from apex
to below middle, the groove very distinct; spines about to, whitish, radiating, acicular but weak,
3 to 4 mm. long, those of young tubercles subtended by a tuft of silvery white hairs, 1.5 mm. long;
flowers pale yellowish green, 16 mm. high, the segments acute; filaments, style, and stigma-lobes
yellowish; fruit red, less than 1 cm. long, naked; seeds black, somewhat angled.
Type locality: Among stones in barren savanna, southeast of Holguin, Oriente, Cuba.
Distribution: Type locality and vicinity.
This species is very inconspicuous and perhaps for that reason is rare in collections.
It has only twice, to our knowledge, been collected, both times by Dr. J. A. Shafer, once in
1909 (No. 2946) and again in 1912 (No. 12432), who gave a short account of its discovery in
the Journal of the New York Botanical Garden (No. 155). He states that it barely pro-
trudes through the layer of broken stones that filled the interstices between the larger
rocks; that the largest plants were scarcely an inch in diameter, one of them bearing a
small yellowish flower. It lives only a short time in greenhouse cultivation.
On account of the name Mammillaria cubensis Zuccarini (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 59.
1853) Vaupel gave a new specific name to the plant when he transferred it trom Cory-
phantha.
Plate v, figure 1, shows the plant collected by Dr. Shafer in 1912 which flowered in the
New York Botanical Garden in July of the same year; figure 1a shows the fruit and figure 1b
shows a tubercle from the same plant.
37. Coryphantha sulcata (Engelmann).
Mammillaria sulcata* Engelmann, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 246. 1845.
Mammillaria strobiliformis Mihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 19. 1848. Not Engelmann, 1848.
Mammillaria calcarata Engelmann, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 195. 1850.
Coryphantha calcarata Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Cactus calcaratus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Cactus scolymoides sulcatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 116. 1894.
Mammillaria radians sulcata Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 496. 1898.
Cactus sulcatus Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 812. 1903.
Cespitose, 8 to 12 cm. in diameter; tubercles rather large, 10 to 12 mm. long, somewhat flat-
ened, soft; radial spines acicular, straight, white; central spines several, one somewhat stouter
* Forster (Handb. Cact. 255. 1846) credits such a name to Pfeiffer but it is without description.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE V
é
8) ¥
yer
/
Wied
M. E, Eaton del. 1 to 4, 6,7 AMoens Co. Bahimure
A. A. Newton del. 6
1. Flowering plant of Coryphantha cubensis.
la. Fruit of same.
14. Tubercle of same.
2. Flowering plant of Neomammillaria confusa.
3. Flowering plant of NMeomammillaria geminispina.
Top of flowering plant of Coryphantha durangensis.
Flowering plant of Coryphantha arizonica.
Flowering plant of Coryphantha bumamma.
Flowering plant of Coryphantha chlorantha.
NOMA
CORYPHANTHA. 49
than the others, porrect or slightly curved outward, others erect; flowers several, from near center
of plant, 5 cm. in diameter or more, yellow, with a red center; inner perianth-segments lanceolate,
apiculate; filaments reddish; style greenish yellow, exserted beyond stamens; stigma-lobes 7 to 10,
yellow, notched at apex;* fruit oblong, greenish; seeds oblong, shining, dark brown.
Type locality: Industry, Texas.
Distribution: Southern Texas.
The herbarium sheets of this plant, sent us from the Missouri Botanical Garden, con-
tain seeds, fruit, and style. Dr. Coulter speaks of seeing the spines of the type.
The name Mammillaria sulcata, first given by Engelmann, was changed by him to
M. calcarata on account of M. sulcata Pfeiffer, but this was a later name and hence can
not replace Engelmann’s first one.
This species was collected by Lindheimer at Industry, Texas, growing with Mammiul-
laria similis, but while the two are similar in habit, this plant differs from M. similis in
having green fruit and brown oblong seeds instead of red fruit and black globose seeds, as
well as in other ways. It has not been collected much in recent years and its characters
Fic. 49.—Coryphantha sulcata.
and range have been involved with other species. Miss Ellen D. Schulz sent us plants from
San Antonio, Texas, in June 1921, and Robert Runyon sent us plants and photographs in
1922, which have enabled us to restudy the species in connection with its type now kept in
the Engelmann Herbarium in the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Mammillaria goerngit was given by Haage (Cact. Kultur ed. 2. 183. 1900) as a new
name for M. calcarata.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 74. f. 1, as Mammiullaria calcarata; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 27: 65, as Mammullarta radians sulcata.
Plate x, figure 1, shows a plant photographed by Robert Runyon at Sabinal, Texas,
April 28, 1922. Figure 49 is from a photograph of four fruits sent by Professor Albert Ruth,
of Polytechnic, Texas, in 1922.
* Whether this is a constant character we do not know, but we have observed it in three flowers, all from the same
plant. It has not been noted before in any other species of Coryphantha.
50 THE CACTACEAE.
PUBLISHED SPECIES, PERHAPS OF THIS GENUS.
MAMMILLARIA CALOCHLORA Hortus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 26: 167. 1916; 2 : 133. 1917.
This seems undoubtedly a species of Coryphantha, but we have not been able to
identify it. There is considerable confusion regarding this plant, as the following note
from Meyer would indicate:
“T have gotten Mr. Quehl to send me the flower of Mammillaria calochlora Hort. and I see that
this also agrees exactly with the flower of Grassner’s W/. delaetiana. As third and last I have now
gotten Mr. de Laet to send me also a little plant of equal size of his genuine MW. delactiana Quehl and
this one is entirely different from the two others in form and color of the body, areoles, and spines.”
We have a small specimen and a photograph sent us by L. Quehl in 1921.
MAMMILLARIA CORDIGERA Heese, Gartenflora 59: 445. 1910.
Short-cylindric, 6 cm. high, 4.5 cm. in diameter; tubercles 4-angled, broader than long, grooved
above; spine-areoles longer than broad; radial spines 4 to 15, white, spreading; central spines 4,
erect, curved if not hooked at apex, 15 mm. long; flowers and fruit unknown.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Doubtless Mexico.
This species we know only from descriptions and illustration. The illustration is so
much like that of Mammullaria bombycina that we at first were inclined to combine them.
From the observations of others there seem to be important technical differences which
separate them, not only specifically but also generically. It may prove to be a synonym
of C. sulcolanata, for we have recently examined a skeleton sent us by Bédeker which
resembles very much the plants collected by Rose in Hidalgo, Mexico, which we have
already referred to that species.
Illustration: Gartenflora 59: f. 50, as Mammillaria cordigera.
MAMMILLARIA CORNUTA Hildmann in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 496. 1808.
Simple, grayish green, somewhat depressed, 4 to 5 cm. high, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter; tubercles
spiraled, in 5 to 8 series; radial spines 5 to 7, subulate, straight or somewhat curved, white, 4 to 8
mm. long; central spine solitary, horn-colored; flowers said to be rose-colored; fruit unknown.
Type locality: Mexico.
From the description it is difficult to identify this species; its rose-colored flowers
suggest a relationship with Coryphantha elephantidens but its spine-clusters are differently
_ described.
MAMMILLARIA POTOSIANA Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24:92. 1856.
Erect, cylindric, light green; tubercles conical, triangular at base, bearing 2 yellow glands in
their axils; radial spines 15 or 16, subulate, equal or nearly so, 6 mm. long; central spine solitary,
porrect but somewhat incurved at apex, subulate, 10 to 12 mm. long; flowers yellow.
Type locality: San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Jacobi comments on the species as follows:
“Comptroller Shafer in Miinster received this beautiful plant in a shipment of plants from
San Luis Potosi in Mexico, under the name of Mammillaria raphidacantha. From the given de-
scription it is adequately clear that the plant considered is another and undescribed one. ‘The
form of the tubercles as well as the number and form of the spines is other evidence, also the grooves
upon the upper sides of the tubercles which are always present in the case of M. raphidacantha are
here lacking throughout.
“The stem of the plant is cylindrical, dark green, finely punctate with white dots; tubercles
conical, 3-angled at the base, gradually flattened above; axils sinuate with 2 yellow glands, inclosed
by a ring of yellowish-white tomentum; areoles terminal, oval, the younger ones whitish tomentose,
later naked; radial spines 15 or 16, radiating, somewhat recurved, needle-formed, two-colored. In
older plants there appears here and there a longer and stronger central spine with the tip slightly
bent downward. All the spines are awl-shaped and stiff.
NEOBESSEYA. 51
“The radial spines when young are white with brownish (burnt) tips, later amber-colored
above and below, grayish in the middle. The plant described is 3” high and a little more than an
inch in diameter; radials 3, centrals 5 or 6 lines long. The plant in my possession did indeed bloom
last summer but I was hindered unfortunately in describing the flowers in detail. They are smaller
than those of M. raphidacantha, very similar in form, but the petals are yellow with saffron-yellow
central stripes on the outer side.”’
Although Jacobi states definitely that the tubercles are not grooved on the upper
surface, yet the presence of glands would indicate that the plant is not a Mammiullaria but,
more likely, a Coryphantha of the Series Recurvatae and perhaps one of the species already
described. We have never seen glands in the axils of tubercles, except in genera having
grooved tubercles. In cultivated specimens growing under abnormal conditions tubercles
are sometimes produced without a groove and with glands in their axils.
MAMMILLARIA RAMOSISSIMA Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 127. 1908.
Globose to short-cylindric, dull grayish green; radial spines about 12, about 1 cm. long; central
spines usually 1, sometimes 2 or 3; flowers and fruit unknown.
Type locality: Not cited.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 127.
MAMMILLARIA RECURVISPINA De Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Geschr. 6:53. 1839.
Cactus recurvispinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Solitary, somewhat depressed, about 16 cm. in diameter, glaucous; tubercles few, large, some-
what compressed, obtuse; areoles and axils of tubercles described as naked; spines all radial, 8,
subulate, more or less incurved; flowers and fruit unknown.
Type locality: Mexico.
This plant was referred by Labouret to Mammiullaria sulcolanata but was discussed by
Schumann under WM. scheer1; judging from the illustration, it is not close to either of these
species but it is much nearer Coryphantha bumamma.
Illustration: Tijdschr. Nat. Geschr. 6: pl. 1. f. 1.
Figure 48 is a reproduction of the illustration cited above.
Mammillaria speciosa De Vriese (Tijdschr. Nat. Geschr. 6: 52. 1839. Not Don,
1830) is listed by Schumann among the species not known to him. It probably belongs to
some species of Coryphantha.
The following names are without descriptions and can not be referred to any known
species: Cory phantha conspicua Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868 ; Coryphantha engelmannit Lemaire,
Cactées 34. 1868; Coryphantha hookeri Lemaire, Cactées 34. 1868; Coryphantha sublanata
Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
7. NEOBESSEYA gen. nov.
Simple or tufted cacti, globose or somewhat depressed; tubercles irregular or somewhat spiraled,
most of them grooved on upper side; flowers borne near top of plant, large, yellow or pink, probably
always day-blooming; fruit globose, bright red, indehiscent; seeds black, globose, pitted, with a
prominent white aril.
Type species: Mammillaria missouriensis Sweet.
Four species are recognized, all from the Great Plains of the United States.
The generic name commemorates Dr. Charles Edwin Bessey (1845-1915), professor in
the University of Nebraska and for many years one of our eminent botanical teachers.
The genus is nearest Coryphantha, but it has very different fruit and seeds.
KEY TO SPECIES.
Flowers yellow.
Outerspertanth=sesmentspnakedaaaermee ser eee erase ere eee 1. N. wissmannit
Outer perianth-segments ciliate.
Inner perianth-segments long-acuminate.............. 0. 0c eee eee ee eee eee 2. N. similis
Inner perianth-segments at most acute............ 52... eee eee eee eee 3. N. missouriensis
FLOW ersyorayi Slap im karyeey vate nscs eset ae woe aate ata scm seks iztafen tote Gaeta Bae nace NEN Spenraede) a aeeets 4. N. notesteinit
52 THE CACTACEAE.
1. Neobesseya wissmannii (Hildmann).
Mammillaria similis robustior Engelmann, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 200. 1850.
Mammillaria nuttallia robustior Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 265. 1856.
Mammillaria missouriensis robustior S. Watson,
Bibl. Index 1: 403. 1878.
Cactus missourtensts robustior Coulter, Contr. U.S.
Nat. Herb. 3: 111. 1894.
Mammillaria wissmannti Hildmann in Schumann,
Gesamtb. Kakteen 498. 1898.
Cactus robustior Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 812.
1903.
Plant solitary, or forming mounds 2 to 3 dm. in
diameter and 1 dm. high with 25 heads or more;
areoles elliptic when young, conspicuously white-
woolly, the head usually globose, tubercles rather
large, spreading, somewhat narrowed towards apex;
spines 7 to 14, when young white to brownish, in age
gray with yellow swollen base, acicular, 1.5 to 2 cm.
long, sometimes all radial and spreading, rarely 1 or
2 centrals and these porrect; flowers large, 4 to 5 cm.
long, dark yellow; scales on flower-tube strongly
nerved; margin of perianth-segments naked; inner
segments abruptly long-apiculate; fruit globose, 8
mim. in diameter.
Type locality: Not cited, presumably Texas.
Distribution: Central Texas.
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 5, as Ficuso = Neobesseyalwisemanniit
Mammiullaria wissmannit.
Figure 50 is a reproduction of the illustration cited above.
2. Neobesseya similis (Engelmann).
Mammullaria similis Engelmann, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 246. 1845.
Mammiullaria similis caespitosa Engelmann, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 200. 1850.
Echinocactus similis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Mammullaria nuttallit caespitosa Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 265. 1856.
Mammillaria missouriensis caespitosa S. Watson, Bibl. Index 1: 403. 1878.
Cactus missourtensis similis Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 111. 1894.
Mammullaria missouriensis similis Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 498. 1898.
Cactus similis Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 812. 1903.
Coryphantha similis Britton and Rose in Britton and Brown, Ilustr. Fl. ed. 2. 2:571. 1913.
Plants sometimes growing in large clumps 1 to 1.5 dm. high by 2 to 3 dm. in diameter, containing
25 individuals or more; larger plants 6 to 10 cm. in diameter; tubercles deep green, cylindric, some-
times 2 cm. long, when young the groove filled with white wool; spines all puberulent; radial spines
12 to 15, spreading, dirty white with brownish tips; central spine solitary or often wanting, similar to
but stouter and longer than the radials; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long, light yellow, the outer lobes tinged
with brown and green; inner perianth-segments long, narrow, acuminate; flower-tube definite,
covered nearly to its base with short greenish stamens; style green; stigma-lobes 4 to 6, linear;
fruit globular or short-oblong, 10 to 20 mm. in diameter; seeds large, globose, 2 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Near Industry, Texas.
Distribution: Eastern Texas.
Engelmann says that the flowers and fruits are larger than in Mammillaria nuttallit.
The inner perianth-segments gradually taper to the apex.
S. Watson and others refer here Mammiullaria caespitosa Gray (Struct. Bot. 421. f. 838),
but the plant illustrated by Gray is Echinocereus reichenbachii. The Index Kewensis
refers Mammullaria caespitosa Gray, as they also do Mammillaria similis, to Mammillaria
missouriensis. (See Cactaceae 3: 26).
Illustration: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 74, f. 7, as Mammillaria nuttallii caespitosa (seed).
Plate 111, figure 2, shows a plant collected by F. E. Upham at Fort Worth, Texas, which
flowered in Washington.
ESCOBARIA. 53
3. Neobesseya missouriensis (Sweet).
Cactus mammullaris Nuttall, Gen. Pl. 1: 295. 1818. Not Linnaeus, 1753.
Mammillaria missouriensis Sweet, Hort. Brit. 171. 1826.
Mammillaria simplex Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 553. 1840.
Mammillaria nuttallii Engelmann, Pl. Fendl. 49. 1849.
Mammillaria nuttallit borealis Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 264. 1856.
Cactus missouriensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Mammillaria missouriensis nuttallai Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 241. 1907.
Coryphantha missouriensis Britton and Rose in Britton and Brown, Illustr. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 570. 1913.
Plants solitary or cespitose, globose, 2.5 to 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles more or less spiraled, 10
to 15 mm. long; spines 1o to 20, acicular, gray, pubescent, all radial or sometimes 1 central; flowers
greenish yellow; outer perianth-segments narrowly oblong, gradually tapering to an acute apex,
ciliate; inner segments linear-lanceolate, attenuate; fruit globose, scarlet, about 1 cm. in diameter;
seeds 1 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: On the high hills of the Missouri, probably to the mountains.
Distribution: North Dakota to Montana, Colorado to Kansas, Oklahoma, and perhaps
northern Texas.
This little cactus has a wide distribution on the Great Plains; both its conspicuous
yellow flowers and its round red fruits are very attractive.
Coryphantha nuttalli1, credited to Engelmann, is cited as a synonym of Mammillaria
nuttallii by Riimpler (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 407. 1885).
Illustrations: Meehan’s Monthly to: pl. 3; Gartenwelt 1: 85, as Mammillaria mis-
souriensis; Gartenwelt 1: 89, as /. missouriensis viridescens; Britton and Brown, Illustr.
Fl. 2: f. 2525, as Cactus missouriensis; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 241. f. 160, as M.
missouriensis nuttallai; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 74, f. 6, as M. nuttalli borealis; Blanc, Cacti
72. No. 1426; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 145, as M. nuttallicz; Britton and Brown, Illustr.
Fl. ed. 2. 2: f. 2984, as Coryphantha missouriensts.
Plate x1, figure 4, shows a plant from a large clump sent by Professor C. O. Chambers
in 1921 from Stillwater, Oklahoma.
4. Neobesseya notesteinii (Britton).
Mammillaria notesteinit Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 367. 1891.
Cactus notesteinit Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 272. 1900.
Oval, solitary or cespitose, about 3 cm. in diameter; tubercles nearly terete, about 6 mm.
high; spines 12 to 18, white, turning gray, weak, slender, 8 to 12 mm. long, pubescent throughout,
a central one usually present and frequently pink-tipped; flowers 15 to 25 mm. broad, ash-gray,
tinged and penciled with pink, the segments broadly linear-oblong, mucronate; fruit obovoid;
seeds black, globose, pitted. :
Type locality: Near Deer Lodge, Montana.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Professor F. N. Notestein, who first collected and observed this little cactus, found it
in gravelly soil near a small creek; it differs from the other species of the genus in the color
of the flowers and the more pubescent spines.
8. ESCOBARIA gen. nov.
Globose or cylindric, usually cespitose cacti, never milky; tubercles grooved above, persisting
as knobs at the base of old plants after the spines have fallen; spines both central and radial, never
hooked; flowers small, regular, appearing from top of plant at bottom of groove of young tubercles;
stamens and style included; fruit red, naked (or with one scale), indehiscent, globular to oblong,
crowned by the withering perianth; seeds brown to black; aril basal or subventral, oval.
Type species: Mammiullaria tuberculosa Engelmann.
The two species of this genus known to Schumann were placed by him in the subgenus
Coryphantha of Mammiullaria; they are like the Coryphanthae in having grooved flower-
bearing tubercles, but are otherwise different, especially in the flowers, fruit, and seeds.
Eight species are known from northern Mexico and southern Texas.
The genus commemorates the work of two distinguished Mexicans, the Escobar
brothers, Romulo and Numa, of Mexico City and Juarez.
54 THE CACTACEAE.
< Key TO SPECIES.
Outer perianth-segments ciliate.
Groove of tubercles without glands.
Flowers large for the genus, 2 to 2.5 cm. long.
Plants elongated; seeds very small, brown, with ventral hilum.............. 1. E. tuberculosa
Plants usually globose; seeds larger than in E. tuberculosa, black, with a sub-
basal hilum
Bees aE ore 6/0 Gere or olo ab cise pole oicio Ieee on ieee ec ue nO Oa UG apices 2. E. dasyacantha
Flowers small, about 1.5 cm. long.
Plants globose to. stout-cylindric.
Inner perianth-segments pointed.
Imnermperianth-segiments broad sass en sree ee ere 3. E. chihuahuensis
Inner perianth-segments narrow..............-.------+-+-++-+--e- 4. E. runyoni
Inner penanth-sesmentsiOptuseneeaee eee epee eee rae 5. E. chaffeyi
Plantsislender-cylinG ricer ress eee ciate eae ere eRe OTIS ep eee 6. E. sneedit
Groove. ofstuberclesswithiglands ay csc years ces seo e eee eee te cae Oe eee 7. E. bella
Outer penanth-sesments/eciliate=spe peer eee ese eet ee ee EE eee 8. E. lloydit
1. Escobaria tuberculosa (Engelmann).
Mammillaria strobiliformis Scheer in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 104. 1850. Not Engelmann,
1848.
Echinocactus strobiliformis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Mammillaria tuberculosa Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 268. 1856.
Cactus tuberculosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus strobiliformts Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria strobiliformis pubescens Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 87. 1907.
Mammillaria strobiliformis durispina Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 87. 1907.
Mammillaria strobiliformis rufispina Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 87. 1907.
Mammillaria strobiliformis caespititia Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 173. 1909.
Fic. 51.—Escobaria tuberculosa. Fic. 52.—Escobaria dasyacantha.
Usually growing in clumps, cylindric or becoming so, 5 to 18 cm. high, 2 to 6 cm. in diameter;
tubercles more or less regularly arranged in spirals, 6 mm. long; radial spines numerous, white,
sometimes as many as 30, acicular, 4 to 15 mm. long; central spines several, stouter than radials,
brown to blackish or colored only at tips, one of them usually porrect; flowers 2.5 em. in diameter
when fully expanded, light pink; outer perianth-segments acute, ciliate; inner perianth-segments
narrowly pointed; fruit oblong, up to 20 mm. long, red; seeds pitted, with a small ventral hilum.
Type locality: Mountains near El] Paso and eastward.
Distribution: Southwestern Texas, southern New Mexico, and adjacent Mexico.
Flowers appear in the afternoon and last for two days at least.
The name Coryphantha tuberculosa occurs in C. R. Orcutt’s Circular to Cactus Fanciers,
1922.
ESCOBARIA. 55
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 12, f. 1 to 16, as Mammillaria tuberculosa;
Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 417. f. 46; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 235. f. 149, as M.
strobiliformts.
Figure 51 is from a photograph of the plant sent by Dr. Shreve from near El Paso,
Texas, in 1920.
2. Escobaria dasyacantha (Engelmann).
Mammillaria dasyacantha Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 268. 1856.
Cactus dasyacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Globose to short-oblong, usually 4 to 7 cm. in diameter but sometimes 20 cm. long; radial spines
20 or more, white, bristle-like; central spines about 9, stouter and longer than the radials, upper half
usually reddish or brownish, often 2 cm. long; flowers pinkish; perianth-segments narrowly oblong,
ciliate, apiculate; stigma-lobes green; fruit clavate, scarlet, 15 to 20 mm. long; seeds black, 1 mm. in
diameter, slightly flattened, pitted, with a narrow white subbasal hilum.
Type locality: El Paso and eastward.
Distribution: Western Texas, southern New Mexico, and northern Chihuahua.
We have examined the type of this species which was collected by Charles Wright at
El Paso in 1852.
Escobaria dasyacantha is sometimes mistaken for Escobaria tuberculosa, but the stems
are usually globose and the seeds larger and of a different shape. Engelmann speaks of its
resemblance to Echinocactus intertextus dasyacanthus, now Echinomastus dasyacanthus, but
this is only superficial, for the flowers, fruit, and seeds of the two species are very different.
The name Coryphantha dasyacantha occurs in C. R. Oreutt’s Circular to Cactus Fanciers,
1922. We had never seen this plant in cultivation until it was recently sent by Mrs. 5.
L. Pattison from western Texas.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 12, f. 17 to 22, as Mammullaria dasyacantha.
Plate vu, figure 1, shows a plant sent by Mrs. S. L. Pattison from near E] Paso, Texas,
in 1921 which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden. Figure 52 is from a photo-
graph of another plant sent by Mrs. Pattison from the same region.
3. Escobaria chihuahuensis sp. nov.
Plants often solitary, perhaps also cespitose, globose to short-cylindric, very spiny; tubercles
short, usually hidden by the spines; radial spines numerous, spreading; central spines several, longer
than radials, usually brown or black in upper part; flowers small, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, purple; outer
perianth-segments broad, often rounded at apex with ciliate margins; inner perianth-segments
pointed.
Common in the mountains near Chihuahua, where it was collected by Palmer (No. 72,
type) in 1908 and by Pringle (Nos. 250, 251) in 1885.
This plant should be compared with Mammillaria grusonii Ringe (Gartenflora 38:
105. f. 20. 1889). IL. Quehl believed that M. grusonii was closely related to M. scheer1, but
he apparently knew it only from the original illustration and description. It does not
suggest any of the species of Coryphantha to us.
4. Escobaria runyonii sp. nov.
Cespitose, with numerous (sometimes 100) globose to short-oblong heads, grayish green, 3 to
5 cm. long with fibrous roots; tubercles 5 mm. long, terete in section with very narrow groove above;
groove at first white-woolly, not glandular; radial spines numerous, acicular, white, 4 to 5 mm. long;
central spines stouter than radials, 5 to 7, slightly spreading with brown or black tips, 6 to 8 mm.
long; flowers 1.5 cm. long, pale purple; segments with a dark purple stripe down the middle and
pale margins; outer perianth-segments narrow-oblong, with thin ciliate margins; inner perianth-
segments narrower than the outer, with margins entire, acute; filaments purplish; style very pale;
stigma-lobes 6, green; fruit scarlet, globose to short-oblong, 6 to 9 mm. long, juicy.
Collected by Robert Runyon in July 1921 and again in October of the same year near
Reynosa, Mexico, about 75 miles up the Rio Grande from Brownsville, Texas, and on
56 THE CACTACEAE.
August 10, 1921, near Rio Grande, Starr County, Texas. The plant flowered in Washing-
ton March 13, 1922.
Plate vi, figure 1, is from a photograph of the type plant taken by Robert Runyon.
Figure 53 is from a photograph taken by Robert Runyon.
5. Escobaria chaffeyi sp. nov.
Short-cylindric, 6 to 12 cm. long by 5 to 6 em. in diameter, almost covered by the numerous
white spines; tubercles rather short, light green, with a narrow groove above; radial spines numerous,
spreading, bristly; central spines several, a little shorter than the radials and brown or black-tipped;
flowers 15 mm. long, cream-colored or sometimes purplish; outer perianth-segments ciliate; inner
perianth-segments oblong, obtuse, entire; style white; stigma-lobes very short, yellowish green; fruit
crimson, 2 cm. long.
Collected by Dr. Elswood Chaffey near Cedros, Zacatecas, Mexico, in June 1910
(No. 5, type), and by F. E. Lloyd near the same locality in 1908 (No. 29).
Fic. 53.—Escobaria runyonii. Fic. 54.—Escobaria sneedii.
6. Escobaria sneedii sp. nov.
Densely cespitose, sometimes with as many as 50 joints, creeping or spreading; joints cylindric,
up to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter; tubercles numerous, hidden under the many spines, terete,
2 to 3 mm. long, in age naked; groove narrow, hairy throughout its length; axils of tubercles not
setose; spines 20 in a cluster or more, nearly white, or the larger ones brown at tip, longest one 6
mm. long, all usually appressed, but the longer ones near top, connivent; flowers small, 10 mm. long
or less when dry, the outer segments long-ciliate; fruit (immature) a little longer than thick, 5 to 7
em. long, green (?), at first juicy, naked; seeds globose, brown, nearly 1 mm. in diameter, pitted.
This curious little plant was sent us in February 1921 by Mrs. S. L. Pattison from
southwestern Texas; it was collected by J. R. Sneed, who at first found only three clumps,
but afterwards a fourth clump was discovered and again it was found in June 1921 just
after it had flowered. It is known from a single station on the Franklin Mountains,
Texas. According to Mrs. Slater the flowers are pink to saffron.
Figure 54 is from a photograph of a single plant sent by Mrs. Pattison in 1921.
7. Escobaria bella sp. nov.
Cespitose, cylindric, 6 to 8 em. long; tubercles nearly terete, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the groove white-
hairy, with a narrow brownish gland near center; radial spines several, whitish, 1 cm. long or less;
central spines 3 to 5, brown, unequal, the largest 2 cm. long or more, ascending; flowers central,
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE VI
1. Escobaria runyonii, from ‘Texas.
2. Neomammillaria hemisphaerica, from Texas.
BARTSCHELLA. 57
small, rotate, nearly 2 cm. broad; perianth-segments pinkish with pale margins, linear-oblong, acute,
the outer ones ciliate; filaments reddish; upper part of style and stigma-lobes green.
Collected by J. N. Rose and Wm. R. Fitch on hills of Devil’s River, Texas (No. 17991).
Plate vu, figure 4, shows the type, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden,
March 31, 1914; figure 4a shows a tubercle with its gland-bearing groove.
8. Escobaria lloydii sp. nov.
Plant growing in clumps and resembling a small species of Echinocereus; old plants bearing naked
corky tubercles; radial spines about 20, spreading, slender, white; central spines several, stout, with
black or with brownish tips, 2 cm. long; flowers greenish with a central stripe on outside, 2.5 cm. long;
filaments, style, and stigma-lobes green; fruit red, globose to short-oblong, 6 to 12 mm. long; seeds
black, pitted, globose, 1 mm. in diameter.
Collected by F. E. Lloyd in foothills of Sierra Zuluaga, Zacatecas, Mexico, March 29,
1908 (No. 5).
This species is near Escobaria tuberculosa, but it has much stouter central spines and
greenish white, eciliate inner perianth-segments.
SPECIES PERHAPS OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.
MAMMILLARIA EMSKOETTERIANA Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 139. 1910.
Cespitose, globose to short-cylindric, 5 cm. high; tubercles conic, their axils naked; radial spines
20 to 25; central spines 6 to 8, setaceous, white with black tips; flowers brownish yellow, 3 cm. long.
Type locality: Not cited.
We obtained a specimen of this plant from Quehl in 1913, but it has not done well nor
has it flowered and we have not been able to refer it to any described species, but believe
that it may be near Escobaria tuberculosa. Mr. Quehl believed that it was near Mam-
millaria dasyacantha, but if it came from San Luis Potosi, as Mr. Quehl supposed, it is doubt-
less specifically distinct from both. The following note is a translation of some remarks by
Mr. Quehl:
“Our illustration shows a grafted specimen which has naturally grown more corpulent and
consequently permits one to see better its general structure and the arrangement of the spines.
Ungrafted specimens are thicker, lower, and, without other characteristics, can not be distinguished
from a red-spined Mammillaria pusilla var. multiceps. Only a closer inspection reveals the wart-
furrows and consequently the Coryphantha. ‘The similarity is so great that I suspect that the new
species is already more disseminated though not correctly recognized and the plants are either set
aside or ignored as a form of Mammullaria pusilla. The plants before me were raised by Mr. Robert
Emskétter, fancy and commercial gardener, of Magdeburg, after whom I have named the species,
from mixed seed which he received from San Luis Potosi, so that Mexico may be regarded as its
home.”
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 139.
9. BARTSCHELLA gen. nov.
Usually cespitose, globose to short-oblong cactus; tubercles large, somewhat united with the
adjacent ones as in certain species of Echinocactanae, terete, not grooved, juicy, not milky; spines
both radial and central, the latter usually hooked; flowers borne near top of plant, large, light purple
or lavender; fruit short, hidden among the tubercles, seemingly dry, circumscissile; seeds dull black,
pitted, with a narrow cylindric base, slightly constricted above; hilum large, slightly depressed,
triangular.
Type species: Mammullaria schumanniu Hildmann.
While this genus is probably to be referred to the Coryphanthanae, it possesses some
characters of certain species of Echinocactanae, but the origin of the flower is quite different
from any of them. The flower is large, like that of some species of Cory phantha, but the
tubercles are not grooved and the seeds are not brown and reticulated. It differs from the
58 THE CACTACEAE.
typical species of the so-called Mammiullaria in its large flowers and black seeds, while from
all of these genera it differs in its circumscissile fruit.
This monotypic genus is named for Dr. Paul Bartsch, curator in the United States
National Museum, distinguished in conchology, who has sent us cacti from many out of
the way places.
1. Bartschella schumannii (Hildmann).
Mammiullaria schumannii Hildmann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 125. 1891.
Mammillaria venusta K. Brandegee, Zoe 5: 8. 1900.
More or less cespitose (as many as 40 stems have been reported in a single cluster), 6 cm. high
or less; axils slightly woolly, without bristles; radial spines 9 to 15, stout, 6 to 12 mm. long, brownish
above, glabrous; central spines usually 1, sometimes 2 or 3, one of these usually hooked; in seedlings
10 or 11 radial spines developing, these spreading, feather-like with long spreading hairs; in one-year-
old plants the spines simply puberulent, all white with brown tips and one central much longer than
the others and strongly hooked; flower 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, the segments about ro, lanceolate,
acuminate; stamens numerous, erect, shorter than the style; style slender, erect, pale; stigma-
lobes 6, linear, green; fruit short, dull in color; seeds usually found in a cup between the tubercles,
less than 1 mm. long.
Fic. 55.—Bartschella schumannii. Fic. 56.—Pelecyphora aselliformis.
Type locality: Not cited.*
Distribution: Southern Lower California.
This species has been rare in collections, but considerable material was collected by
Dr. Rose at Cape San Lucas, Lower California, in March 1911 (No. 16375). Living
specimens were sent us from Lower California by Ivan M. Johnston in 1921.
Dr. C. H. Thompson writes under date of September 15, 1911, as follows:
“Your No. 16375, Mammillaria venusta, puzzles me. We received three plants from the New
York Botanical Garden. [wo are considerably shriveled but are reviving. ‘The third is more plump
and shows the vegetation characters better. In these it would readily be taken for Mammillaria,
yet there are some appearances of the mamillate Echinocacti. You will observe how commonly
adjacent tubercles cohere as in that group of Echinocactus, quite distinct from any Mammillaria that
Iknow. Yet the position of the flower excludes if from Echinocactus. With flower and fruit char-
acters you have observed it strikes me as being distinct from either genus.”
* Mammillaria schumannii was described from a cultivated plant, but M. venusta came from San José del Cabo,
Lower California.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
M. E. Eaton del.
1. Flowering plant of Hscobaria dasyacantha.
2. Fruit of Dolichothele sphaerica.
2a. Seed of same.
3. Flowering plant of Meomammillaria arida.
4. Flowering plant of Lscobaria bella.
PLATE VII
AMoens Co, Baltimore.
. Tubercle of same.
Flowering plant of Neomammillaria crocidata.
Flowering plant of Bartschella schumannit.
Flowering plant of Meomammillaria carnea.
z .
: te
2 sf i &
tht
ra
er i ¥
A Y
q *
Fae ' :
Hay ‘ %
'y i Pa e2
5 v ‘ 5s F
‘
‘ 3
t
7 - .
PELECYPHORA. 59
Mammillaria schumanniana (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 178. 1902) was evidently
intended for M. schumannit.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: facing 89; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen
51, as Mammillaria schumannit.
Plate vu, figure 6, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Cape San Lucas, Lower
California, in March 1911 (No. 16375), while a member of the scientific staff of the U. S.
Steamer Albatross. Figure 55 is from a photograph of another plant from the same
collection.
10. PELECYPHORA Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 1: 737. 1843.
Plants small, cespitose, cylindric or globose, tuberculate, watery; tubercles not arranged on ribs,
strongly flattened, crowned with an elliptic areole bearing a pectinate spine, never grooved; flowers
borne near center, broad, campanulate, purplish, the segments in definite series; flower-tube very
short, slender; stamens short; fruit small, naked; seeds black, smooth.
Only one species, native of Mexico, is here recognized, Pelecyphora aselliformis
Ehrenberg, the type. A second species has generally been referred here but it differs so
widely from the other that we have no hesitancy in segregating it generically (see genus
No. 13, p. 64).
The generic name is from 7é\exus hatchet, and gopds bearing, referring to the shape
of the tubercles.
The plant has usually been regarded as a near relative of Mammiullaria, but it has little
in common with that genus. ‘The flowers are central, borne in a mass of wool or hairs;
the tubercles are not grooved and the seeds are black and smooth. It has been difficult for
us, with the material at hand, to make out definitely the origin and position of the flower,
but it seems to originate on the central sunken disk. This disk at first bears only clusters
of hairs in the center of which the flower is produced. In time the flower opens and the
tubercle, with its peculiar spiny crown, is developed, leaving in its axil the tuft of hairs
about the flower.
1. Pelecyphora aselliformis Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 1: 737. 1843.
Pelecyphora aselliformis concolor Hooker in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 99: pl. 6061. 1873.
Pelecyphora aselliformis grandiflora Haage jr., Cact. Kultur ed. 2. 206. 1900.
Tufted, cylindric, 5 to 10 cm. high, 2.5 to 5 cm. in diameter, covered with tubercles arranged in
spirals; tubercles strongly flattened laterally, somewhat stalked at base; areoles at top of tubercles
very long and narrow, crowned by an elongated, scale-like spine with numerous lateral ridges, usually
free at tip, giving a peculiar pectinate appearance; flowers 3 cm. broad or more, campanulate;
perianth-segments in 4 rows, the outer ones sometimes white, oblong, acute; stamens borne at top of
flower-tube, much shorter than perianth-segments; stigma-lobes 4, erect; seeds 1 mm. broad,
kidney-shaped.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: About San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
This plant does not do well in cultivation. It is known generally as the hatchet
cactus, and is also called peote and peyote, also peyotillo and peotillo; it is said by the
Mexicans to possess medicinal properties.
Mammnillaria aselliformis, according to Watson (Cact. Cult. 188. 1889), was described
in 1843, but we have found no other reference to it, except that Dr. A. Weber gives it asa
synonym, crediting it to Monville. The name Anhalonium aselliforme Weber and Ario-
carpus aselliformis Weber (Dict. Hort. Bois 931. 1898), quoted by Schumann as synonyms,
were not formally published. Pelecyphora fumbriata Hildmann (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3:
68. 1893), simply a name, may or may not belong here.
Illustrations: Haage, Cact. Kultur ed. 2. 206, as Pelecyphora aselliformis grandiflora;
Amer. Gard. 11: 474; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 99: pl. 6061, as Pelecyphora aselliformis concolor;
60 THE CACTACEAE.
Riimpler, Sukkulenten 208. f. 118; Gartenflora 34: 25; Watson, Cact. Cult. 189. f. 75; ed.
3. f. 52; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 1: 203. f. 303; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 718; Illustr.
Hort. 5: pl. 186; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 237. f. 21; Cact. Journ. 1: 107, 149; Krook,
Handb. Cact. 34; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 14, f. 6; Palmer, Cult. Cact. 117;
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 275. f. 197; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 81; Weinberg, Cacti 23;
Knippel, Kakteen pl. 28; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 3; Garten-
Zeitung 4: 218. f. 50; Blanc, Cacti 78. No. 1710; West Amer. Sci. 11: 8; Balt. Cact. Journ.
1: 89; 2: 164; Floralia 42: 369; Remark, Kakteenfreund 22; Haage, Cact. Kultur ed. 2. 206.
Figure 56 is reproduced from a painting made by Miss E. I. Schutt in 1907, of a plant
sent from San Luis Potosi in 1905 by Dr. E. Palmer.
11. PHELLOSPERMA gen. nov.
A globular to cylindric, usually cespitose cactus with a large, fleshy, branched root; tubercles not
grooved above, not milky; flowers borne in axils of old tubercles, funnel-shaped; fruit globular to
cylindric, red, depressed at apex; seeds large (for this group), dull black, not pitted but rugose, with
a thick corky base nearly as large as the body.
Type species: Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelmann.
This genus differs from all its relatives in its very peculiar seeds. The flower, in its
shape and origin, suggests the following genus, but in its color and size resembles Cory-
phantha radiosa. A single species is known, native of the western United States.
The generic name is from geAdés cork, and o7épya seed, referring to the corky base of
the seed.
1. Phellosperma tetrancistra (Engelmann).
Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelmann, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 337. 185
Mammullaria phellosperma Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 262. 1856.
Cactus phellospermus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus tetrancistrus Coulter, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 104. 1894.
Solitary or cespitose, cylindric; sometimes becoming very large and then 3
dm. long, usually very spiny; root elongated, carrot-shaped or sometimes
branched; tubercles terete, often elongated, their axils naked; radial spines numer-
ous, acicular, white or sometimes with a brown tip, not pungent; central spines 1 to
4, stouter and longer than the radials, often brown or black, one or all strongly
hooked; flower 3.5 to 4 cm. long, purple; base of tube slender, greenish, naked; jyg. 57Seed of
scales and outer perianth-segments ciliate; style and stigma-lobes cream-colored; Phellosperma
fruit rather variable in size, sometimes 3.7 cm. long, becoming dry in age, with a tetrancistra.
depressed umbilicus; seeds black, dull, 2 mm. long.
Type locality: San Felipe, California.
Distribution: Western Arizona, southeastern California, southern Utah, and southern
Nevada; probably northern Lower California.
Mr. C. R. Orcutt, under date of March 5, 1922, comments on the distribution of this
plant as follows:
“Tt reaches its greatest development on sandy and gravelly slopes near the White Water River
east of Banning, California. It no doubt enters Lower California, for I believe that I have found it
within a mile of the boundary line. It is comparatively rare in Arizona.”
We have seen no specimens from Utah, but suspect that the plants from that state
which have been referred to Mammillaria grahamii probably belong here. The species
should be looked for in northern Lower California and Sonora.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 7; Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 162. f.
56, B; Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for February; Bol. Direccion Estudios Biol. 2: f. 3; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 20: 167, as Mammiullaria phellosperma.
Figure 58 is from a photograph of a plant sent from California in 1921 by E. C. Rost;
figure 57 shows a seed taken from a plant sent by Loren G. Polhamus in 1921 from Bard,
California.
DOLICHOTHELE. 61
12. DOLICHOTHELE (Schumann) gen. nov.
Plant-body globose, more or less cespitose, soft in texture, never milky; tubercles elongated, not
grooved above; flowers borne in axils of old tubercles, very large, with a definite funnel-shaped tube;
inner perianth-segments yellow, spatulate, tapering into a claw and borne on top of tube; stamens
forming a spiral about style and borne on whole face of throat, but forming a definite ring at top of
throat; style slender; stigma-lobes linear; ovary exserted, naked; fruit smooth, greenish, purplish, or
red, globose, ellipsoid or short-oblong; seeds black or brownish.
Type species: Mammillaria longimamma De Candolle.
The generic name is from doAvxés long, and @7\7 nipple, referring to the elongated
tubercles.
The fruit is not often collected and is not well known. Dr. Rose obtained a single
fruit of one of the species, the only one we had then seen, in a private collection in Rome in
1915; this is nearly globular, red, thin-walled, many-seeded; the seeds are brownish, pitted,
slightly flattened, pointed at base, with a small sub-basal hilum. In October 1921, Robert
Runyon sent us a number of fruits which were greenish white to purplish, with black seeds,
these somewhat flattened and pitted.
Fic. 58.—Phellosperma tetrancistra. Fic. 59.—Dolichothele longimamma.
Mammillaria camptotricha Dams (Gartenwelt Io: 14. 1905) is usually considered as a
close relative of this group, but it differs widely from it in the flowers as well as in other ways,
and we believe that it is not congeneric with it (see page 126).
Three species, natives of southern Texas and northern and central Mexico, are
recognized.
KEy TO SPECIES.
Spines glabrous, even when very young; species of Texas and northern Mexico........... 1. D. sphaerica
Spines puberulent; species of central Mexico.
Tubercles very long (sometimes 5 cm. long), pale green, glaucous; radials 6 or more;
centralsspinesiusuallyspresentasmerm mes ei aii torr errr siete aioe 2. D. longimamma
Tubercles much shorter, bright green; radial spines 4 or 5; central spines none........ 3. D. uberiformis
1. Dolichothele sphaerica (Dietrich).
Mammillaria sphaerica Dietrich in Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94. 1853.
Cactus sphaericus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammullaria longimamma sphaerica K. Brandegee, Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 2: 975. 1900.
62 THE CACTACEAE.
Low and depressed, often growing in large cespitose masses 2 dm. in diameter, with a large
thickened root; tubercles soft and turgid, resembling those of the following species (D. longimamma)
but shorter, 12 to 16 mm. long; areoles small, circular, at first short-lanate; spines 12 to 15, glabrous,
generally pale yellow, a little darker at base at first, in age darker, often reddish, 7 to 9 mm. long,
spreading or a little curved backward; central spine 1, straight; flowers appearing toward top of
plant but not from axils of younger tubercles, with a rotate limb 6 to 7 cm. broad; inner perianth-
segments widely spreading, oblanceolate, acute to apiculate, tapering at base into a slender claw;
stigma-lobes 8, yellow, narrow; fruit greenish white to purplish, short-oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long,
juicy, very fragrant; seeds black, flattened, with a straight ventral face, rounded on the back, pitted;
hilum subventral.
Type locality: Near Corpus Christi, Texas.
Distribution: Southern Texas and northern Mexico, especially along the Rio Grande
from Eagle Pass to the sea.
Mr. R. D. Camp and Mr. Robert Runyon have recently found this species in abund-
ance about Brownsville. With the aid of their material and the excellent photograph
made by Mr. Runyon we have been able to present a detailed description of this plant.
Fic. 60.—Dolichothele sphaerica. Fic. 61.—Dolichothele longimamma.
According to Mr. Runyon, the flowers are very large and handsome. ‘The fruit does
not ripen until about the middle of October, and in one plant a single fruit continued to
grow until the 27th of March and had a pronounced pleasing odor. ‘This is the first case
which has come under our notice in which any of the Coryphanthanae develop any odor in
the fruits.
Illustration: Haage and Schmidt, Haupt-Verz. 1912: 36, as Mammiullaria sphaerica.
Plate 1, figure 2, is from a photograph sent us by Robert Runyon from Brownsville,
Texas; plate vu, figure 2, shows a fruit and figure 2a shows a seed from a plant collected by
Mr. Runyon at Brownsville in 1921. Figure 60 is from a photograph of a flowering plant
made by Mr. Runyon at Brownsville in 1921.
2. Dolichothele longimamma (De Candolle).
Mammullaria longimamma De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 113. 1828.
Mammillaria longimamma hexacentra Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 130. 1840.
Mammullaria longimamma gigantothele Berg in Forster, Handb. Cact. 183. 1846.
Mammillaria longimamma congesta Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. 183. 1846.
Mammillaria uberiformis hexacentra Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 6. 1850.
DOLICHOTHELE. 63
Mammillaria melaleuca Karwinsky in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 108. 1850.
Mammillaria globosa Link, Allg. Gartenz. 25: 240. 1857.
Mammillaria uberiformis gracilior Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 26. 1858.
Mammillaria longimamma luteola Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 246. 1885.
Cactus longimamma Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus melaleucus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Mammillaria longimamma globosa Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 508. 1898.
Solitary or cespitose, about 10 em. high; tubercles elongated, 5 cm. long, somewhat glaucous,
their axils hairy or naked; spine-areoles with white hairs when young, in age naked; radial spines
6 to 12, widely spreading, acicular, 2.5 mm. long, white to pale yellow, swollen and darker at base,
puberulent; central spines 1 to 3, usually solitary, porrect, similar to the radials but usually darker
with a blackish tip; flowers citron-yellow, 4 to 6 cm. long.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
F. Haage jr. in his Choice Cacti lists ten varieties under this species; those not
accounted for elsewhere are /udwigi and melaleuca.
Grdssner in his Kakteen 1912 and also 1914 listed Mammiullaria longimamma var.
ludwigit. ‘This may be @ printer’s error.
Mammillaria longimamma melaleuca is in the trade (Grassner). Mammiullaria longi-
mamma pseudo-melaleuca is advertised by Haage and Schmidt in their 1922 Catalogue.
Mammillaria longimamma spinosior (Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 26. 1858), credited
o Link’s Catalogue, but without description, is of this relationship.
Mammillaria hexacentra Otto and Mammillaria gigantothele (Forster, Handb. Cact.
183. 1846) were never described.
Krook (Handb. Cact. 41. 1855) mentions the variety congesta Hortus but gives no
description. Several varieties of Mammullaria longimamma are in gardens; the following
are mentioned by Schelle: cristata, compacta (the name cited by Riimpler in 1885), major,
laeta, and malaena.
Mammillaria centricirrha flaviflora is referred by Schumann as a synonym of M.
melaleuca which we have listed among the synonyms of Dolichothele longimamma. M. alpina
Martius, mentioned elsewhere, may be of this relationship.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 81, as Mammillaria longimamma globosa;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 23, as WM. longimamma gigantothele; Blithende
Kakteen 2: pl. 73; De Candolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 5; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 792. f.
114; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 149; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 244. {. 162; Forster, Handb.
Cact. ed. 2. f. 22, a and b; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 14, f. 2; Watson, Cact. Cult.
164. f. 63; ed. 3. f. 40; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 564. f. 35; Suppl. 516. f. 551; De Laet, Cat.
Gén. f. 89, as Mammullaria longimamma.
Figure 61 is from a photograph obtained from L. Quehl; figure 59 is from a photograph
of the plant collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Victoria, Mexico, in 1907.
3. Dolichothele uberiformis (Zuccarini).
Mammillaria ubertformis Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 23. 1837.
Mammillaria ubertformis major Hortus in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 244. 1885.
Mammillaria ubertformis variegata Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 244. 1885.
Mammillaria laeta Riimpler in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 247. 1885.
Cactus uberiformis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria longimamma uberiformis Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 508. 1898.
Globose, about 7.5 cm. high and 10 cm. in diameter; tubercles elongated, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, 12
to 15 mm. in diameter, bright green, shining, their axils naked; spine-areoles nearly naked; spines
4 or 5, all radial, puberulent, horn-colored to reddish, nearly equal; flowers yellow, 3 cm. broad;
outer perianth-segments reddish; inner perianth-segments in 2 series, oblong, acute, acuminate;
filaments white; style yellow; stigma-lobes 5 or 6, reflexed.
Type locality: Near Pachuca, Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
64 THE CACTACEAE.
Illustrations: Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 13; Abh. Bayer. Akad.
Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 1, vu. f. 6; Ritmpler, Sukkulenten 196. f. 109, as Mammillaria
ubertformis.
Figure 62 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above.
13. SOLISIA gen. nov.
Plants very small, solitary, globular, tuberculate, milky; tubercles not arranged in ribs, small
covered by broad pectinate spines; areoles very narrow and long; flowers lateral, yellow, small
borne in axils of old tubercles; axils of tubercles neither hairy nor woolly; fruit naked, small, oblong;
seeds black, smooth, dome-shaped with a broad basal hilum.
The type species, Pelecyphora pectinata B. Stein, is here segregated from Pelecyphora,
with which it has little in common ; it differs in being solitary, not cespitose, and in having the
juice milky, not watery; the flowers small, lateral and yellow, not large, central and purple;
the axils of the tubercles naked, not woolly; and the hilum of the seed broad and large,
not small.
Fic. 62.—Dolichothele uberiformis. Fic. 63.—Solisia pectinata.
The genus is named in honor of Octavio Solis of the City of Mexico, an earnest student
of the cacti. Only one species is known.
1. Solisia pectinata (B. Stein).
Pelecyphora pectinata B. Stein, Gartenflora 34:25. 1885.
Pelecyphora aselliformis pectinifera Riimpler in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 238. 1885.
Pelecyphora aselliformis pectinata Nicholson,* Dict. Gard. 4: 585. 1888.
Pelecyphora aselliformis cristata Watson, Cact. Cult. 190. 1899.
Mammillaria pectinifera Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 804. 18098.
Plants 1 to 3 cm. in diameter, fibrous-rooted, entirely hidden by the large overlapping spine-
clusters; areoles narrow and long; spines 20 to 40, all radial, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, white, appressed;
flowers small; fruit 6 mm. long; seed 1 mm. long.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Tehuacan, Mexico.
The cristate form of this species, when grown as a graft on some of the Cereus allies,
becomes much larger than the normal form.
* Haage (Cact. Kultur ed. 2. 206. 1900) credits the variety to Ehrenberg.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 65
This plant is very rare in living collections and is known only from a few localities
near Tehuacan; one of these is near El Riego Hotel, where Dr. Rose obtained some 50
plants in 1905 but all have since died. We have been endeavoring since to obtain additional
plants but Dr. Reko reports that this hill has been burned over and that no plants can now
be found. Dr. Rose found it scattered over the top and side of a rounded hill, growing
here and there among the stones and stunted plant life, looking not unlike the dull earth
and pebbles.
Illustrations: Gartenflora 34: 25; Garten-Zeitung 4: 182. f. 42, No. 14; 217. f. 48;
Grassner, Kakteen 1912: 29; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 14, f. 5; Méllers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 4; 29: 88. f. 10 (abnormal form), as Pelecyphora pectinata;
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 81; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 275. f. 198; Garten-Zeitung
4: 217. f. 49, as P. pectinata cristata; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 172. {.5, as P. aselliformis
pectinata.
Figure 63 is from an enlarged photograph showing the top of a plant, collected by Dr.
Rose at Tehuacan in 1905.
14. NEOMAMMILLARIA nom. nov.
Mammillaria * Haworth, Syn. Pl. Suce. 177. 1812. Not Stackhouse, 1809.
Plants globose, depressed-globose, or short-cylindric, occasionally much elongated, some with
milky, others with watery juice; tubercles arranged in more or less spiraled rows, never on vertical
ribs, terete, angled or sometimes flattened, never grooved on upper surface, usually bearing wool or
hairs and sometimes bristles, but without glands in their axils and crowned by the spine-areoles;
spines in clusters on top of tubercles, sometimes all alike, sometimes with central ones very different
from the radial, all straight or sometimes one or more of central spines hooked; flowers, so far as
known, diurnal, all from axils of old tubercles, much alike as to size and shape, more or less cam-
panulate, comparatively small, variously colored, commonly red, yellowish or white to pinkish;
perianth-segments rather narrow, spreading; stamens numerous, borne on base of perianth-tube,
short, included; style about length of stamens; stigma-lobes linear; fruit usually clavate, rarely if
ever globose, usually ripening rapidly, naked, scarlet (Mammiliaria brandegeei with some scales
and white fruit, according to Schumann) or white or greenish in a few species; seeds brown in some
species, black in others.
The type is Mammullaria simplex Haworth, based on Cactus mammillaris Linnaeus.
We have given much time in attempting to group the species into definite series but
have not succeeded, since many of the species are little known and incompletely described.
The name, Neomammiullaria, as here used, replaces the name Mammullaria of Haworth
(1812), which is a homonym of the Mammillaria of Stackhouse (1809), a genus of Algae.
The genus, as here treated, differs from Schumann’s treatment (Gesamtb. Kakteen
472-601, 1898) in that we exclude three of his four subgenera, Coryphantha, Dolichothele, and
Cochemiea, giving them generic rank. From his fourth subgenus we have excluded Mam-
millaria micromeris as the type of the genus Epithelanthat and M. phellosperma to the
genus Phellosperma (see page 60).
The species, of which we recognize 150, are native chiefly of Mexico, extending north-
ward into the southwestern United States; one species is reported as far north as Utah and
Nevada. ‘Two species are known from the West Indies (none is found in Jamaica or in the
Lesser Antilles south of Antigua). Several species are known from Central America (none
has been reported from Costa Rica, El Salvador, or Panama). One species is found in
Venezuela and neighboring islands and one is described from Colombia, perhaps in error.
During the period of our investigation political conditions in Mexico have prevented
our obtaining much original information concerning many of the species and have made it
necessary for us to depend largely upon published descriptions and illustrations.
* The name was also spelled Mammularia by Torrey and Gray (Flora 1: 553) and Mamiullar a by Reichenbach
(Mossler, Handb. ed. 2. 1: 1. 1827) and by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 472 and elsewhere).
{ See Cactaceae, 3:92. 1922.
66 THE CACTACEAE.
KEY TO SPECIES.
A. None of spines hooked (1-104, 150).
B. Seeds brown (1-80).
C. Tubercles giving off milk freely when pricked or cut (1-53).
D. Axils of tubercles without bristles (1-33).
E. Tubercles more or less elongated.
F. Tubercles terete throughout.
Spines yellow or reddish.
Sunless maslscosguacay uence sas Ob apepoomarcDAcaUscs dc
Spinessyellownrcore cee ere eae ae eee eee
Spines usually white except tips, at least not red or yellow.
Central spines I or 2.
Central spines about length of radials.................
Central spines much longer than radials...............
Central spines 4 to 7.
Outer perianth-segments entire ; central spines long, slender
Outer perianth-segments erose; central spines not elon-
gated, stouter than in preceding species.
FF. Tubercles more or less angled.
G. Tubercles nearly terete towards apex.
Outer perianth-segments and scales more or less fim-
briate.
Flowers sred dishes eyecare ite ek ne er areas
Hlowerslightayellowesens jerk eecrecioe ieee eee
Outer perianth-segments and scales entire.
Radial spines white; flowers pinkish.................
Radial spines brownish; flowers white to cream-
colored.
Plant hemispheric; radial spines 9 to 13; perianth-
SegmentSmacute merci eieierertaetet reas
Plant much flattened; radial spines 18 or fewer;
perianth-segments acuminate..........
GG. Tubercles angled to top.
H. Spines very unequal, some much elongated.
Spines) whitish secs iors rere ences
Spines horn-colored, reddish or black.
No definite central spine.
Spines horn-colored, short, curved............
Spinesmed dish lon lee eset eee eee
Central spines definite.
Gentraliispinesiatyg ashi eerie teens yeaa
Central spines solitary.
Centralispine2itoi3 ems longe ees. 4-6 2
Central spine 1 cm. long; oblong...........
HH. Spines nearly equal, at least none much elongated.
Flowers red to pinkish.
Outer perianth-segments ciliate..................-
Outer perianth-segments not ciliate (so far as known).
Central spines none.
Spines pinkish with black tips...............
Spines straw-colored throughout..............
Central spines 1 or more.
Central spines solitary; radial spines nearly equal
entral spines 2; some of radials very short....
Flowers yellowish.
CentralispinestastorOnes ene eee eee ee eee
Central spines usually wanting.....-:....+..-.---
EE. Tubercles very short, symmetric.
F. Plants globose or depressed.
GrAsalsyoletuberclesmaked tame emeaeiee ee ere eee eee
GG. Axils of tubercles laniferous.
HOnITEOS PINES GECIU LOSE eterno ene ne
None of spines deciduous.
Centralispiness presenta eee etie eerie eae
Centralispinesiwantin genes eee eee tinier
FF. Stems cylindric or ovoid.
Central spines wanting.
Tuberclesmearly terete’ jcc. cpernayaehers eee ce ee aoe
Tubercles 4-angled.
Tubereles pointed; axils very woolly...............-.--.
Tubercles not pointed; axils not very woolly.............
Central spines several.
Radial spines reduced to short bristles............-.......--
Radial spines more elongated than in last species...........
iS)
on
ont
Io.
init
<q
N.
. N.
= UNG
5 aN
aa lVE
N. mammillaris
J. nivosa
- gaumert
. petrophila
. arida
. brandegeet
. gummifera
. macdougalit
. heyderi
. hemisphaerica
applanata
. phymatothele
. magnimamma
. macracantha
. johnstonii
. melanocentra
J. runyoni
. Sartorit
. seitziana
. ortegae
- metacantha
. SCrippsiana
. gigantea
. peninsularis
). flavovirens
- Sempervivt
obscura
. crocidata
. polythele
carnea
lloyd1t
zuccariniana
formosa
NEOMAMMILLARIA.
Key To SpEcIES—continued.
DD. Axils of tubercles with bristles as well as wool (33-53).
E. Some of spines much elongated, curved, and flexuous.
Wefinitercentralespinesnwaiitin sessment ete 34
Central spines present.
Centralispines: weakens yuna inward nee 35.
@entralis pimesestitleyees ye ee ye ae ee ee Re ese ee 36.
EE. None of spines elongated, or if elongated, not flexuous.
F. Tubercles terete or nearly so.
G. Axils of tubercles bearing yellow wool.................... 37.
GG. Axils of tubercles bearing white wool.
H. Spines all radial.
67
. N. compressa
N. mystax
N. petterssonit
N. eichlamit
Spines 5 or 6, in young plants sometimes only 4....... 38. N. karwinskiana
WPineshal way su daerern acheter 39. N. praelit
HH. Spines both radial and central.
I. Radial spines numerous, 12 or more.
Central spines reddish, not much longer than the
radials.
Outer perianth-segments ciliate............... 40. N. standleyt
Outer perianth-segments setose............... 41. NV. evermanniana
Central spines elongated, usually white except at tip.
Blowersmyellowass-rreneee ERC ee eee 42. N. parkinsonit
Hlowerssdarkered a. jerk erieeere tel 43. N. geminispina
II. Radial spines few, 5 to 9.
Spinesmblackmwhenw yon geen pene en eer 44. N. pyrrhocephala
Spines at most brownish.
Hlowersity ellowserreccce i ae eee 45. N. woburnensis
Hlowersmpinkishhemcomey cette ae 46. N. collinsit
FF. Tubercles strongly angled.
G. Spines both radial and central.
Radialis pinesaniimeKousseesee aie ieee eer 47. N. chinocephala
Radial spines few, bristle-like.
Cosiiil: Gone AMO Osoncnhonsoucadoouncobneoepanc 48. NV. tenampensis
Gentralzspines) 2 oy ure eee ect tee 49. N. polygona
GG. Spines few, all of one kind.
Nlowersivyellowseeecen cheese eras. re ye alae 50. NV. confusa
Flowers rose-colored or white.
Flowers rose-colored.
Plants globose; stigma-lobes 4 or 5................ 51. N. villifera
Plants cylindric; stigma-lobes 8................... 52. NV. polyedra
Blowersawhite wae ihe mrcerery ea aetna . N. conzattit
CC. Milk-tubes developed, if at all, only in stem; tubercles not milky (54-80).
D. Central spines wanting.
SAEs Geller ereaoles QUOC. sGaeosooncaendonsondeussosoccdoaoeus 54. N. napina
Spines mostly acicular; areoles circular.
SPULES MILT OLOUS ech arsert slau Nae ae eek eee ee 55. NV. lanata
Spines few (4 to 6).
STS 5 OF Oy Gots, Siepalalt, sodannsaconnbeccnsounperoauauaenos 56. N. kewensis
Spines 4, elongated, curved.
Woes lEnyS (OG Gin: DAG) ood cns aadaececocabaccdcodoocde 57. N. subpolyedra
Flowers small.
pines on rand wweakcpwee rect Tone arate ae ee a 58. NV. galeottit
SPIMES|S tb tt] atere Nera RI Pel wea Nae Meister da awa Ro 59. NV. tetracantha
DD. Central spines present.
E. Central spines usually 2, sometimes solitary.
F. Radial spines 20 or more.
Central spines stout and not very long; stigma-lobes white.
Plant round or nearly so at apex; central spine often 1....... 60. N. elegans
Plant strongly umbilicate; central spines always 2............ 61. N. pseudoperbella
GentralispineSlongesn ane cae re cis oe CO ea ee 62. N. dealbata
FF. Radial spines 20 or fewer.
Radial spines white, bristle-like.
Stigma-lobes red.
Globose or somewhat elongated......................-. 63. N. haageana
Depressed-clobosesmaer oer eee en 64. N. perbella
Stigma-lobes white.
Radialispinesiappressedapea ener i: Gene eeene 65. N. collina
Radial spines not appressed’.-......2......00..90)0.007) 66. N. donatit
Radial spines brownish when young, stouter than in the last..... 67. N. mundtit
EE. Central spines usually 4, sometimes more.
F. Central spines white or yellow.
Radial spines white.
Plant globose.
Axils of tubercles not setose; central spines usually 4...... 68. N. celsiana
Axils of tubercles setose; central spines usually 9........ 69. N. aureiceps
Plant cylindric.
PlantsHirompVucatany eae er Nr iy ae ena ee 70. N. yucatanensis
PlantsHromeCentralyAmericarpareeeeaer nee ee nice: 71. N. ruestiz
68 THE CACTACEAE.
Key To SPEcIES—continued.
Radial spines yellow.
ID EWES t4 boleie 5 a Acoaamane GoaDse sus agua oOnoNo oe soa ANOS 72. N. pringlet
Plantsislender-cylindnich emcee ose cee 73. NN. cerralboa
FF. Central spines brown or black.
Gentrall'spinesjblacksspia sar o-ous orsye ees ase claus fo aes aes 1s aerate 74. N. phaeacantha
Central spines brown.
PSS OUEM DAA SS WOE GAOSO. sagosccasnadaodcesagcvoeoNdes 75. WN. graessneriana
Axils of tubercles setose.
Tubercles closely set.
Central spines not very different from radial.
Plant body elongated; spines brownish or reddish.... 76. N. spinosissima
Plant body globose; radial spines whitish............ 77. N. densispina
Central spines very different from the radial........... 78. N. nunezit
Tubercles spreading.
Central spines unequal; stigma-lobes green............. 79. N. amoena
Central spines nearly equal; stigma-lobes rose-colored... 80. N. rhodantha
BB. Seeds black; neither tubercles nor stems milky (81-104).
CS SDINES pl un GSe na ice eae isch eA NES eee eee SETS ay LE Kee eet e EES 81. N. plumosa
CC. Spines not plumose.
D. Radial spines weak and hair-like.
Centralispines*withiyellows tips. -se seis setae eke eis er 82. N. prolifera
Centralvcpinesswithibrowngtipseeeecomeer trie ait irri ite 83. N. multiceps
DD. Radial spines not hair-like.
E. Spines yellow.
Spines 2 to 8, glabrous, more or less twisted or bent.............. 84. N. camptotricha
Spines about 20, pubescent, straight.................-....-..-- 85. N. ertacantha
EE. Spines not yellow.
F. Spines 25 to 80.
Spines pubescent or lanate.
Spinesilanates25 tO) 20s sero oe reer eae. 86. N. schiedeana
Spines;pubescention pubenilent=s ss sme-eeeneee ener 87. N. lasiacantha
Spines not pubescent.
Spines all very much alike.
Renrianth-sesmentsiobtuseae eee cee eee eiaeeiee 88. N. denudata
Perianth-segments pointed.
Hlowersiabout amin lonseece eerie eerie 89. N. lenta
Mlowersjabout 2vemelongaesemcjescsinc recreates go. N. candida
Central spines 1 to 6, very unlike others................. g1. N. vetula
FF. Spines 20 or fewer but sometimes more in N. oliviae and N. pottsit.
Plant globose.
ING) Ken Klgocaocccocoodadswen SoH HReKOgbdoMENOnOO DEES 92. N. fertilis
Flowers white.
Central spines solitary; radials 7 tog................. 93. N. decipiens
Central spines 5 to 8; radials 16 to 20................. 94. N. discolor
Plant cylindric.
Joints very fragile, breaking loose when touched or jarred. 95. N. fragilis
Joints not fragile.
Spines all radial, recurved, sometimes with one central.. 96. N. elongata
Spines both radial and central.
Plants globose to short-cylindric.................... 97. N. oliviae
Plants slender-cylindric.
Axils of tubercles not bristly.
Spinestallisvellowsayctays ne ae a are steko ciel 98. N. echinaria
Spines not yellow.
Upper central spines more or less connivent
over toprolplanty aaa ele 99. N. pottsit
Upper central spines not connivent............ 100. NV. mazatlanensis
Axils of tubercles bristly.
Stems slender-cylindric; central Mexican species.. 1o1. N. sphacelata
Stems short-cylindric or globose (sometimes globose
in NV. palmeri); Lower Californian species.
Spines nearly white or atleast becoming so; seeds
minute.
Spines all white or nearly so; spine-areoles at
first lanate icc; Gin nitiere kero eu eee to2. N. albicans
: Spines tan with dark tips; spine-areoles not
danaten Bese cts sch tern drecavems nee tye Seer 103. N. slevinii
Spines not white; seeds 3 mm.long............ 104. N. palmert
AA. Some of central spines hooked; radial spines never hooked (105-149).
B. Tubercles milky; seeds brown.
IAN tS ELODOSE yeaa sees, Rte oe ee es Ia hey Ne eee 105. N. uncinata
Planittsh Gy lid nice yoy pase aieg goo ee ote SE es tte ar cg ete 106. N. hamata
BB. Tubercles not milky except sometimes in N. rekoi; seeds mostly black.
C. Seeds brown.
Bri tsreds lowers tromicid cjolplantan se rrreasricr reece eee 107. N. rekoi
Fruit green; flowers from near base of plant.................:.-0-+-0--- 108. JN. solisti
AAA. Species not grouped: 147, N. tacubayensis; 148, N. umbrina; 149, N.
NEOMAMMILLARIA.
Kry To SPECIES—continued.
CC. Seeds black.
D. Fruit elongated, clavate, ripening quickly.
E. Seeds not rugose.
F. Plants usually small; spines setaceous to delicately acicular.
G Central spines yellow.
Central spines glabrous. ............2--0-+ee eee eee eee 109.
Central spines pubescent.
JM OVS WHO. osncocooo dd ego dsSeoeoo go aDODHS SS SD DDUNS IIo.
Blowersayellowishere eerie cicriniriert cri iy- IIl.
Central spines red to brown.
Outer perianth-segments ciliate.
Central spines shorter than flower; perianth-segments acute 112.
Central spines longer than flower; perianth-segments obtuse 113.
Outer perianth-segments entire.
Axils of tubercles setose.
Inner perianth-segments white to yellowish.
Central spines 3 or 4.
Radial spines about 25; flowers 2 cm. long......... IT4.
Radial spines about 20; flowers 1 cm. long......... TELS
(Ganda GHpNES 7 WO) C),casssacosacguococueogsenucouK 116.
Inner perianth-segments red or reddish.
Radial spines weak and hair-like.
Gentrallspines}severaly yes eterecierieielsi telele= i=) -1= rae7 >
Gentralispineisolitanyee meres referer in 118.
Radial spines stiff.
Radial spines glabrous.................---+--++--- 119.
Radial spines pubescent..................---+-+- 120.
Axils of tubercles not setose.
Flowers 2.2 cm. long or more.
Central spines solitary.......-......----+----++-%> 121.
(Gantieall Gytnes-3h5 cu odecoueobscbocnomouIdDESODOGOUK 1225
Flowers 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
Plants) cespitose. 2.28.00. c ee seer eee eee 123.
Plants solitary.
Inner perianth-segments acuminate............... 124.
Inner perianth-segments acute only.............-- 125.
FF. Plants stout; central spines at least stout-acicular to subulate.
G. Outer perianth-segments ciliate.
Fruit purple, ovoid to globular.
Radial spines 15 or less; fruit large (25 mm.long)..... 126.
Radial spines 20 to 30; fruit 10 to 15 mm. long....... 1275
Fruit scarlet, clavate.
Outer perianth-segments long-ciliate................. 128.
Other perianth-segments and upper scales short-ciliate.
Perianth rotate; stigma-lobes red...............-. 129.
Perianth campanulate; stigma-lobes green.
OWNS VAMOS es cococoboccconoodKn0oaDDGDDOOS 130.
Flowers purple to pinkish.
Radial spines often as many as 30.
Inner perianth-segments acuminate......... 131.
Inner perianth-segments usually obtuse or
MOGI asonooosonEcneddansdodo me Goo 12s
Radial spines often as few as 12; inner perianth-
segments acute........... sees eee eee 133.
GG. Perianth-segments not ciliate.
H. Setae in axils of tubercles.
I. Seeds constricted above base.
J. Flowers greenish or pink, and small.
K. Flowers greenish, 10 to 12 mm. long; cen-
tral spines yellowish to reddish...... 134.
KK. Flowers pink, 20 mm. long or more; cen-
tral spines dark brown.............. 135-
JJ. Flowers nearly white, seeds much larger...... 136.
II. Seeds not constricted above base.
Central spines several; flowers yellowish....... 137-
Central spinesusually solitary ; flowers rose-colored. 138.
HH. Setae wanting in axils of tubercles.
Te Blowers rotates... ce een fgiaoooaaDooAGd odo 139.
II. Flowers campanulate.
Plants globose.
INV WSS WANDS 5 ococdsecodscooOpUODoDDON DONS 140.
Flowers pink to purplish.
Inner perianth-segments obtuse............ I4I.
Inner perianth-segments acute to acuminate. 142.
Plants slender, elongated and cylindric.
Flowers small, pinkish...........-.---+++++-- 143.
: Flowers large, purplish...........------+++-+: 144.
EE. Seeds rugose (perhaps a generic type).......-+----00- see eee eee 145.
DD. Fruit depressed, long-persisting (perhaps a generic EVDO) Meteo Riniee 146.
69
N. pygmaea
N. wildii
N. seideliana
N. barbata
N. mercadensis
N. kunzeana
N. hirsuta
N. multihamata
N. longicoma
N. bocasana
N. multiformis
N
. schetdweileriana
. saffordit
. schelhaset
. trichacantha
N.
N.
N. glochidiata
N.
N. paintert
N. wrightit
. viridiflora
N
N. wilcoxti
N. mainae
N
. boedekeriana
N. microcarpa
N. millert
N. sheldonii
N. armillata
N. fraileana
N. swinglet
N. dioica
N. goodridget
N. zephyranthoides
N. carretit
N. jaliscana
N. bombycina
N. occidentalis
N. fasciculata
N. nelsonii
N. longiflora
. verhaertiana; 150, N. xanthina.
70 THE CACTACEAE.
1. Neomammillaria mammillaris (Linnaeus).
Cactus mammiullaris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 466. 1753.
Cactus mammillaris glaber De Candolle, Pl. Suce. 137. 1799.
Mammillaria simplex Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. 177. 1812.
Mammillaria conica * Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 71. 1819.
Mammillaria parvimamma Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 72. 1819.
Cactus microthele Sprengel, Syst. 2: 494. 1825.
Mammillaria simplex parvimamma Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Noy. Sp. 98. 1839.
Mammillaria caracassana{ Otto in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 107. 1850.
Mammullaria mammillaris Karsten, Deutsche Fl. 888. 1882.
? Cactus conicus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Cactus parvimammus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
">
Globose to short-cylindric, 4 to 6 em. high; tubercles short, 5 to 7 mm. long, conic, nearly terete,
pale green, only slightly woolly in their axils; spine-areoles bearing a dense mass of white wool when
young; spines reddish brown, acicular; radial spines 10 to 12, spreading, 5 to 7 mm. long; central
spines 3 or 4, stouter and a little longer than the radials; flowers 8 to 10 mm. long, cream-colored;
outer perianth-segments narrow, bearing long mucronate tips; fruit 15 to 20 mm. long, red; seeds
minute, brown.
Fic. 64.—Neomammillaria mammillaris. Fic. 65.—Neomammillaria macdougalii.
Type locality: Tropical America.
Distribution: Northern Venezuela and neighboring Dutch Islands.
This plant was the first-known species of the genus and the only one known to Lin-
naeus; it was described and illustrated by Commelin in 1697 and by Hermann in 1608.
It was one of the first cacti discovered; Aiton states that it was cultivated by Bishop Comp-
ton before 1688. The cited distribution of the species has usually been inexact or errone-
ous; Linnaeus gave no definite locality but restricted it to the warm parts of America.
Nuttall assigns it also to the hills of the Missouri River, and De Candolle’s range
covers that of both Linnaeus and of Nuttall. Nuttall’s plant was subsequently found
to be different from the one of the Caribbean region. Schumann gives the range as the
West Indies but his description covers two or three species. A number of his references are
erroneous, for neither Wright’s plant (No. 2619, as Mammiliaria pusilla) from Cuba nor
Haworth’s plant (Syn. Pl. Suce. 177, as Wammiullaria prolifera) from the West Indies belongs
ts * Tubercles large, conic; spines less than 10, all radial, red, but paler at base; flowers and fruit unknown. Neither
Pfeiffer nor Schumann knew this species or its origin. The Index Kewensis refers it to South America. If from that
region it might be a species of Discocactus, near D. placentiformis, but it may belong here.
} This is the original spelling, but Schumann wrote it WM. caracasana.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 71
here. The name Cactus prolifer Willdenow (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 9. 1837) is doubtless
to be referred here. Fawcett lists the plant from Jamaica (as Wammillaria simplex) but no
specimens are known to us from that island, which was searched by Dr. Britton and the late
Mr. William Harris.
De Tussae (FI. Antill. 2: 216, pl. 32) refers it to Santo Domingo and he describes and
figures it, mentioning a locality in the desert near Gonaives which, however, is in Haiti;
his illustration, while undoubtedly of this species, is not an original but copied from that of
De Candolle (Pl. Succ. pl. 111). The only similar plant we know from his locality is Mam-
millaria pusilla, described as M. pusilla haitiensis by Schumann, which has been collected
by Buch at this locality, and we have specimens from other collectors. We now believe
that Neomammiullaria mammiullaris is confined to the coast of Venezuela and the adjacent
islands, among which is Curagao. In 1913 Dr. Britton and Dr. Shafer found it common on
the top of a limestone hill in Curacao (No. 3085) and in the same year Mr. Pittier obtained
living plants near Cabo Blanco, Venezuela (No. 6471). These two are the only collections
which have been made in recent years.
Steudel (1821), under Mammullaria simplex, compares this species with Cereus
flavescens and C. lanuginosus, but he must have meant Cactus instead of Cereus.
Mammullaria microthele Monville and M. micrantha Hortus are names which Riimpler
(Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 335. 1885) refers to /. caracassana; Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 1844. 9. 1845) also referred to it M. micracantha Monville.
Mammillaria simplex affinis Otto is mentioned by Forster (Handb. Cact. 217. 1846),
but ts not described.
Mammillaria karstenti Poselger (Allg. Gartenz. 21: 95. 1853) is listed by Schumann
among his little-known species. The Index Kewensis states that it comes from Argentina,
which is doubtless a mistake. The type locality is given as ‘“‘La Canada,” a common
Spanish locality name. If collected by Karsten, it probably was obtained in Venezuela,
in which case it would probably be referable to Neomammiullaria mammiullaris.
Mamumillaria fuliginosa Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 93. 1850) we do not know,
but if it came from Venezuela, where it is referred doubtfully by the Index Kewensis,
it would belong here.
Illustrations: Hermann, Parad. 132. pl. 137, as Echinomelocactus minor, etc.; Commelin,
Hort. Amst. 1: 105. f. 55; Plukenet, Opera Bot. 1: 148. pl. 29, f. 1, as Ficoides, etc.; Bradley,
Hist. Pl. Succ. 3: 11. pl. 29, as melon-thistle;. Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 2 and 3. 410. {. 6839;
De Candolle, Pl. Suce. 137. pl. 111; Fl. Antill. 2: pl. 32, as Cactus mammiullaris; De Can-
dolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 7, as Mammillaria simplex.
Figure 64 is reproduced from a colored drawing by Miss M. E. Eaton of a plant obtained
by Dr. Britton and Dr. Shafer on Curacao in 1913, which fruited the same year in the New ~
York Botanical Garden. ©
2. Neomammillaria nivosa (Link).
Mammillaria nivosa Link in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 11. 1837.
Cactus nivosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Coryphantha nivosa Britton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 45. 1915.
Often forming large clusters 8 dm. in diameter, of 25 heads or more; separate specimens usually
globose but sometimes cylindric, the largest ones 18 cm. in diameter, very spiny; tubercles milky,
ro min. long, their axils filled with white wool; spines usually 14, bright yellow, acicular, the longer
ones 1.5 cm. long; spine-areoles when young woolly, in age naked; flowers cream-colored, 1.5 cm.
long; fruit clavate, 12 mm. long, red; seeds brown.
Type locality: Tortola Island, Virgin Islands.
Distribution: Southern Bahamas, Mona, Desecheo, Culebra, Buck Island, St. Thomas,
Little St. James Island, Tortola, and Antigua.
Known as the snowy cactus in the Virgin Islands and as the woolly nipple-cactus in
the Bahamas.
72 THE CACTACEAE.
The plant inhabits crevices of rocks and locally is very abundant. On Mona Island,
between Porto Rico and Santo Domingo in the Mona Passage, it exists in immense numbers
on the limestone plateau.
Mammitllaria tortolensis (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 11. 1837) was published by Pfeiffer as a
synonym of VM. nivosa. ‘The same or similar plant was briefly described by Forbes (Journ.
Hort. Tour 148, 1837).
Illustrations: Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 331. f. 34; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 264. f.
186; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 46; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 165, as Wammiullaria nivosa.
Figure 66 is from a photograph of a plant collected on Turks Island, British West
Indies, in July 1916 and sent us by the Director of the New York Aquarium; figure 243
(Britton and Rose, Cactaceae 3: p. 231) shows the plant on Mona Island, Porto Rico.
Fic. 66.—Neomammillaria nivosa.
3. Neomammillaria gaumeri sp. nov.
Cespitose, the branches short, globose to short-cylindric, up to 15 cm. long, growing half
hidden in the sand; tubercles dark green, short, nearly terete, obtuse, 5 to 7 mm. long, very milky;
axils naked even when young; spine-areoles conspicuously white-woolly at first, soon naked; radial
spines 10 to 12, spreading, acicular, white with brown tips or lower ones in cluster darker, 5 to 7 mm.
long; central spine solitary, porrect, usually brown; flowers very abundant from near top of plant
but not from axils of young areoles, creamy white, small, 10 to 14 mm. long; outer perianth-segments
greenish, brown-tipped; scales on flower-tube broadly ovate, scarious; fruit crimson, clavate, 18 to
20 mm. long, naked.
Common in the sand dunes of Progreso, Yucatan; collected first by George P.
Gaumer and sons, April 1916 (No. 23349, type); re-collected in 1918 and again in 1921.
This species is remarkable for its unusual habitat and was the first of the genus reported
from Yucatan. A second species has since been collected by Dr. Gaumer (see p. 114).
2a.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
M. E, Eaton del.
PLATE VIII
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Fruiting plant of Veomammillaria gaumeri. 4.
Flowering plant of Veomammillaria heydert. Se
Fruit of same. 6.
Flowering and fruiting plant of Meomammillaria hemisphaerica.
A Hoen& Co Baltimore.
Flowering plant of Neomammillaria compressa.
Flowering plant of Neomammillaria geminispina.
Flowering plant of Veomammillaria hemisphaerica.
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NEOMAMMILLARIA. 73
It is perhaps nearest some of the species from Texas, such as N. hemisphaerica and N.
heyderi, but when growing it is easily distinguished by the peculiar white mats of wool on
the young spine-areoles.
The following interesting note has been contributed by Dr. Gaumer, in whose honor the
plant is named:
“The flowers begin to open at 8 a. m., are fully open at noon, close at dawn, and shrink the next
morning, leaving the ovary wholly imbedded in the mass of the plant at the base of the tubercles;
it remains dormant from 3 to 6 months, then suddenly develops to an inch in length in 48 hours.
If put away in a dry place the bright crimson berries last from 3 to 6 months without decaying or
changing their color. When thoroughly ripe they have a rather pleasant sweetish taste and are
said to be edible.
“The plant multiplies by seed and by segmentation; this latter is accomplished by the plant
putting out numerous shoots from its upper surface; these send out roots; the old plant decays and the
little ones are often rolled about by the cattle or by the winds, and later send out stronger roots
that finally: anchor them to the sand, generally under a clump of brush.”
Plate vi, figure 1, shows the type plant which flowered in the New York Botanical
Garden, July 24, 1918, soon after its arrival from Yucatan; plate x11, figure 2, is from a
photograph of the plant showing the large masses of white wool at the young spine-areoles.
4. Neomammillaria petrophila (Brandegee).
Mammillaria petrophila Brandegee, Zoe 5: 193. 1904.
Sometimes cespitose, milky, globular, 15 cm. in diameter or less; tubercles short, broad at base;
spines at first chestnut-colored, becoming pale in age; radial spines 10, about 1 cm. long, a little
spreading; central spine 1 (rarely 2), 2 cm. long, darker and stouter than the radials; flowers bright
greenish yellow, 18 to 20 mm. long; perianth-segments hardly acute, sometimes slightly erose;
stamens and style yellow; stigma-lobes 6; fruit small, roundish; seeds reddish brown, smooth, less
than 1 mm. long.
Type locality: Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.
Distribution: Mountains of southern Lower California.
We know this species only from description and illustration.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 57, as Mammillaria petrophila.
5. Neomammillaria arida (Rose).
Mammillaria arida Rose in Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 181. 1913.
Plants usually single, globular, deeply seated in the ground, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, containing
much milk and giving it off freely when injured; tubercles nearly terete; radial spines about 15, pale,
ascending, the bases sometimes yellowish and the tips dark; central spines 4 to 7, 12 to 16 mm. long,
much longer than the radials, dark brown, erect; flowers 1 cm. long; outer perianth-segments dark
purple with lighter margins, entire; inner perianth-segments cream-colored to almost pale yellow;
stamens pale; stigma-lobes green; fruit clavate, red, 15 cm. long; seeds brown.
Type locality: Hills near Pichilinque Island near La Paz, Lower California.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Plate vu, figure 3, shows one of the plants collected by Dr. Rose in 1911 which flowered
in the New York Botanical Garden, July 2, 1912.
6. Neomammillaria brandegeei (Coulter).
Cactus brandegee1 Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 96. 1894.
Cactus gabbii Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:109. 1894.
Mammullaria gabbii Engelmann in K. Brandegee, Erythea 5: 116. 1897.
Mammillaria brandegeei K. Brandegee, Erythea 5: 116. 1897.
Cylindric to globular, flattened, solitary or in clusters of 2 to 8; tubercles angled; axils woolly;
radial spines 9 to 16, 8 to 10 mm. long, yellowish brown; central spines 3 to 6, a little longer and
darker than the radials; flowers 15 mm. long; outer perianth-segments ovate, striate, ciliate; inner
perianth-segments greenish yellow, narrower than the outer, entire; fruit white (according to
Schumann), bearing a few narrow scales.
74 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: San Jorge, Lower California.
Distribution: Lower California, San Quintin, and southward.
If we are right in referring Mammillaria gabbii here, this species was first collected by
W. M. Gabb in southern Lower California in 1867 and was described by Dr. Engelmann as
a new species but was not published. In 1894 Dr. Coulter published Engelmann’s descrip-
tion, but used the name of Cactus gabbi1z. On a previous page, however, he published
Cactus brandegeei which, if the same, takes precedence.
We have placed this species next to Neomammiullaria arida, which is known to have
nearly terete tubercles, while NV. brandegeez is described as having angled tubercles, as they
certainly are in herbarium specimens; whether this species has angled or terete tubercles
in life we are in doubt.
We have not seen fresh fruit of this plant but Schumann describes it as white, which is
unusual in this genus; it is also peculiar in bearing several small scales.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 119; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr.
137. f. 34; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 153, as Mammiullaria brandegeet.
7. Neomammillaria gummifera (Engelmann).
Mammillaria gummifera Engelmann in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Cactus gummifer* Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Depressed-globose, 8 to 12 cm. in diameter; tubercles light green, milky, somewhat 4-angled;
axils of tubercles and spine-areoles white-tomentose when young; radial spines 10 to 12, ascending,
white with brownish or even blackish tips, the lower ones stouter and longer than the others, often
2 to 2.5 cm. long and somewhat recurved; central spines 1 or 2, sometimes 4; flowers 3 cm. long, 12
to 25 mm. wide when fully open, brownish red outside; inner perianth-segments reddish white with
dark red band in middle.
Type locality: Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua.
Distribution: Northern Mexico.
This species was collected by Dr. A. Wislizenus in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico,
about 1846. Specimens were sent to Dr. Engelmann at St. Louis, who described it in
1848 but witheut seeing flowers or fruit; two years afterward he described the flowers but
the fruit is yet unknown. In 1894 Dr. J. M. Coulter redescribed the species, stating that
it had never been re-collected. Professcr Schumann in his Monograph does not recognize
it, but refers it to his list of doubtful species. In 1908 Dr. Rose visited the type locality
and obtained a single living specimen.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 9, f. 18 to 20, as Mammiuillaria gummifera.
8. Neomammillaria macdougalii (Rose).
Mammillaria macdougalii Rose, Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: 1982. 1916.
Usually low and flattened on top, but very old plants sometimes nearly globular and then 12 to
I5 cm. in diameter with a carrot-shaped root; tubercles flattened dorsally, strongly angled, deep
green; young areoles bearing white wool, but becoming naked in age; axils of tubercles often bearing
long white wool; radial spines 10 to 12, white or somewhat yellowish, the lower ones a little stouter,
brown or black at top or sometimes throughout; central spines 1 or 2, stout, yellowish, brown-tipped,
similar to the radials; flowers 3.5 cm. long, cream-colored; outer perianth-segments short-fimbriate;
fruit red, clavate, 3 cm. long.
Type locality: Near Tucson, Arizona.
Distribution: Southeastern Arizona.
Figure 65 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. MacDougal in the Santa
Catalina Mountains; figure 67 is from a photogragh of another plant sent by Dr. MacDougal
from the same region in November 1909.
*Coulter writes this name Cactus gummiferus (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 98. 1894).
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 75
9. Neomammillaria heyderi (Miihlenpfordt).
Mammillaria heyderi Mihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 20. 1848.
Cactus heyderi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
2? Mammillaria buchheimeana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 27: 97. 1917.
Plant globose or somewhat flattened at apex; tubercles conic, 12 mm. long, when young bearing
wool in their axils; young spine-areoles white-woolly; radial spines 20 to 22, white, setaceous, the
lower ones stouter and longer; central spine solitary, brown at base and apex, 5 to 6 mm. long;
flowers pinkish, the segments linear-oblong; fruit oblong, red.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Texas and northern Mexico.
Illustration: Schulz, Wild Fl. San Antonio pl. 13 in part, as M. heydert.
Plate vim, figure 2, shows a plant sent to Dr. Rose by Mrs. S. L. Pattison in 1921 which
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden on April 21 of that year; figure 2a shows the
fruit. ‘
Fic. 67.—Neomammillaria macdougalii. Fic. 68.—Neomammillaria phymatothele.
10. Neomammillaria hemisphaerica (Engelmann).
Mammillaria hemisphaerica Engelmann in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Mammillaria heyderi hemisphaerica Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 263. 1856.
Cactus heydert hemisphaericus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:97. 1894.
Cactus hemisphaericus Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 811. 1903.
Deep-seated in the soil, hemispheric, 8 to 12 cm. broad, dark green; tubercles only slightly
angled, not very closely set, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, somewhat pointed, their axils nearly naked in the
dormant stages; spine-areoles woolly when young, becoming glabrate in age; radial spines 9 to 13,
widely spreading, acicular, the upper ones more delicate, 4 to 8 mm. long, brownish or smoky, often
with black tips; central spine solitary, porrect, brown; flowers small, cream-colored, 1 to 1.5 cm. long;
inner perianth-segments acute; filaments pinkish; style pinkish; stigma-lobes 6 to 10, greenish
yellow; fruit slender, clavate, red, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
Type locality: Below Matamoros on the Rio Grande.
Distribution: Southeastern Texas and northeastern Mexico.
This species was collected in 1846 by the St. Louis Volunteers in the Mexican War and
taken back to Dr. George Engelmann; it flowered and he described it briefly in 1848 and
in more detail in 1850. It was recently re-collected near Brownsville, Texas, just across
the river from Matamoros by Robert Runyon and sent to us with a photograph taken
in situ, here reproduced (plate vi, figure 2).
76 THE CACTACEAE.
This species differs from Neomammillaria applanata in being less flattened and in hav-
ing fewer spines and white flowers.
Cactus heyderi hemisphaericus, as treated by Coulter, must be a composite, the
western and southern forms probably representing different species.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 9, f. 15 to 17, as Mammiullaria heyderi hemi-
sphaerica.
Plate vit, figure 6, shows a flowering plant from near Brownsville, Texas, collected by
Robert Runyon; figure 3 shows a flowering and fruiting plant obtained by Dr. Rose at
Laredo, Texas, in 1913, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, March 23, 1914;
plate v1, figure 2, is from a photograph taken near Brownsville, Texas, by Robert Runyon
in 1920.
11. Neomammillaria applanata (Engelmann).
Mammillaria applanata Engelmann in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Mammillaria declivis Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 235. 1850.
Mammillaria texensts Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 89. 1853.
Mammillaria heyderi applanata Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 263. 1856.
Cactus texensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plants much flattened; tubercles somewhat angled, their axils naked; radial spines ro to 18,
the radials widely spreading, lower ones darker brown than upper; central spine one, porrect,
dark brown; young spine-areoles very woolly; flower-buds pointed, greenish; outer perianth-seg-
ments greenish, lanceolate, acuminate margins not ciliate; inner segments 2.5 cm. long, cream-
colored, lanceolate, acuminate, with a broad green stripe down the middle; filaments white, shorter
than the style; stigma-lobes green; fruit scarlet, naked, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; seeds brown.
Type locality: Rocky plains on the Pierdenales, Texas.
Distribution: Central and southern Texas.
The description is based on plants flowering in cultivation. It is one of the earliest
species to flower in the spring, beginning soon after the first of March; the fruit requires a
full year to mature. J
Mammillaria lindheimeri Engelmann, given by Hemsley (Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1:
525. 1880) and by the Index Kewensis as a synonym of MW. texensis, belongs here.
Neomammularia applanata, N. heydert, and N. hemisphaerica are closely related and
may represent races of the same species.
Illustrations: Blane, Cacti 66. No. 1116; Gartenflora 30: 412; Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for
March; Meehan’s Monthly 1: 4; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1: 138; 2: 259; Forster, Handb. Cact.
ed. 2. 333. f. 35, as Mammiullaria applanata; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 9, f. 1;
Gartenflora 29: 52, as Mammiullaria heydert; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 263. f. 185; Blii-
hende Kakteen1:pl. 43; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl.9,f.4 to14, as Mammiullaria heyderi applanata.
Plate rx, figure 1, shows a plant in flower and fruit, collected by Dr. Rose on hills
above Devil’s River, Texas, in 1913, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden,
February 2, 1914.
12. Neomammillaria phymatothele (Berg).
Mammiullaria phymatothele Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 129. 1840.
Mammillaria ludwigit Ehrenberg, Linnaea 14: 376. 1840.
Cactus ludwigit Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus phymatothele Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Simple, subglobose, glaucous-green; axils of young tubercles bearing white wool, becoming
naked; tubercles large, 4-sided; areoles when young white-woolly, in age naked; radial spines 7 to
10, grayish white, the three upper smaller, the central (Schumann says 1 or 2) recurved; flowers
described by Schumann as carmine-colored.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
We know this species only from the description and illustration.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE IX
M. E, Eaton del. 1to4
D, G. Passmore del. 5 AHoens Co Baltimore
1. Flowering and fruiting plant of Meomammillariaapplanata. 4. Flowering plant of Neomammillaria macracantha.
2. Top of fruiting plant of Neomammillaria karwinskiana. 5. Fruiting plant of NVeomammillaria mystax.
3. Top of flowering plant of Neomammillaria aureiceps.
“
3
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 77
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 32, as Mammiullaria centricirrha var.
Figure 69 is from a photograph sent us by L. Quehl; figure 68 is a reproduction of the
illustration cited above; figure 70 shows a plant grown in the Missouri Botanical Garden
in 1905 as Cactus neumannianus.
Fics. 69 and 70.—Neomammillaria phymatothele.
13. Neomammillaria magnimamma (Haworth).
Mammillaria magnimamma Haworth, Phil. Mag. 63: 41. 1824.
Mammillaria divergens De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 113. 1828.
Mammillaria gladiata Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 336. 1832.
Mammillaria ceratophora Lehmann, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 228. 1835.
Mammillaria recurva Lehmann in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 15. 1837.
Mammillaria hystrix Martius in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 21. 1837.
Mammillaria ehrenbergiui Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Mammillaria microceras Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 6. 1838.
Mammillaria deflexispina Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 6. 1838.
Mammillaria versicolor Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 494. 1838.
? Mammillaria conopsea Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 496. 1838.
Mammillaria centricirrha Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 42. 1839.
Mammillaria centricirrha macrothele Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 42. 1839.
Mammillaria neumanniana Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 53. 1839.
Mammillaria conopsea longispina Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6:92. 1839.
Mammillaria pentacantha Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 406. 1840.
Cactus magnimamma Salm-Dyck in Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 246. 1840.
Mammillaria subcurvata Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 12: 232. 1844.
Mammillaria diadema Miihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 13: 346. 1845.
Mammillaria krameri Mihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 13: 347. 1845.
Mammillaria foersteri Mithlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 371. 1846.
? Mammillaria tetracentra Otto in Forster, Handb. Cact. 214. 1846.
Mammillaria bockii Forster, Allg. Gartenz. 15:50. 1847.
Mammillaria pazzanii Stieber, Bot. Zeit. 5: 491. _1847.
Mammillaria divaricata Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 210, 1848.
Mammillaria hopferiana Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 329. 1848.
Mammillaria glauca Dietrich in Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 330. 1848.
Mammillaria centricirrha hopferiana Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 17, 123. 1850.
Mammillaria megacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 123. 1850.
Mammillaria megacantha rigidior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 18, 124. 1850.
78 THE CACTACEAE.
Mammillaria uberimamma Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 120. 1853.
? Mammiullaria cirrosa* Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21:94. 1853.
Mammiillaria pachytele Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23: 17. 1855.
Mammillaria lactescens + Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 2: 117. 1859.
Mammillaria falcata Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 345. 1885.
Mammillaria gebweileriana Haage in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 358. 1885.
Mammillaria schmidtii Sencke in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 376. 1885.
Mammillaria krameri viridis Haage in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 372. 1885.
Cactus bockit Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus centricirrhus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus conopseus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus diadema Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus divergens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus ehrenbergit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus foersteri Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus gladiatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus glaucus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus kramert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus lactescens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus megacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus microceras Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus hystrix Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus divaricatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891. Not Lamarck, 1783.
Cactus neumannianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus pazzanii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 189r.
Cactus pentacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus recurvus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891. Not Miller, 1768.
Cactus versicolor Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus tetracentrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus subcurvatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria centricirrha magnimamma Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 582. 1898.
Mammuillaria centricirrha divergens Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 582. 18098.
Mammillaria centricirrha bockizt Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 582. 1808.
Mammillaria centricirrha recurva Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 582. 1898.
Mammillaria centricirrha kramert Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 582. 1898.
Fic. 71.—Neomammillaria magnimamma. Fic. 72.—Neomammillaria macracantha.
Globose, the larger plants 10 em. in diameter, sometimes solitary but oftener cespitose with 25
in a cluster or more, very milky throughout ; tubercles conic or somewhat flattened or faintly 4-angled,
1 cm. long, the axils when young densely woolly; spines 3 to 5, very unequal in length, the upper ones
short and straight, the lower ore or two 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, recurved or incurved, all horn-colored,
with black tips; flowers cream-colored; fruit clavate, 2 cm. long, crimson; seeds brownish.
5 Schumann refers Mammillaria cirrosa (he spells it M. cirrhosa) doubtfully to M. centricirrha, but judging from
the description it may belong elsewhere.
{ Here was referred M. newmanni glabrescens Regel (Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 370. 1885).
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 79
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
This plant is very common in central Mexico, especially in the Valley of Mexico,
about Tula, farther north, and also east of the City of Mexico. It makes large cespitose
mounds, sometimes with many-headed branches, and. has peculiar incurved spines and
small flowers. It is frequently collected and has been shipped abundantly to Europe,
where it has been much named, often from single joints. Our synonymy shows 34 specific
names under Mammiullaria and nearly as many under Cactus. Some writers have given
these names varietal rank, so that this species now has about roo names. It is a very
characteristic plant and, while it may easily be confused with other species, yet, when
clearly understood, its distinctness is evident.
Mammillaria zooderi was referred by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 582. 1898) as a
synonym of M. centricirrha but the Index Kewensis Suppl. 5. cites Schelle (Handb.
Kakteenk. 268. 1907), who gives it as a synonym of MW. centricirrha zooder1. Neither the
specific nor the varietal name can be considered published.
Schelle (Handb. Kakteenk. 266 to 268. 1907) lists 62 varietal names of Mammullaria
centricirrha, all but one or two of which are based on species of the same name. Some of
these perhaps are to be referred elsewhere, but we have listed them here as follows:
amoena faleata lactescens posteriana
arietina foersteri lehmannii pulchra
bockii gebweileriana longispina recurva
boucheana gladiata macracantha schiedeana
ceratophora glauca magnimamma schmidtii
cirrhosa globosa megacantha spinosior
conopsea grandidens microceras subcurvata
cristata guilleminiana montsii tetracantha
deflexispina hopfferiana moritziana uberimamma
destorum hystrix neumanniana valida
de tampico hystrix grandicornis nordmannii versicolor
diacantha hystrix longispina obconella viridis
diadema jorderi pachythele zooderi
divaricata krameri pazzanii zuccariniana
divergens krameri longispina pentacantha
ehrenbergii krausei polygona
The following garden names are listed by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 582. 1898) as
belonging to this species:
boucheana hystrix moritziana tetracantha
destorum jorderi nordmannii viridis
de tampico lehmannii obconella zooderi
grandicornis longispina posteriana
grandidens montsii spinosior
Illustrations: Hort. Belge 5: pl. 6, as Mammiullaria conopsea; Reiche, Elem. Bot. f.
Schelle’s figure (Handb. Kakteenk. 268. f. 189) we are not able to
place. ‘The illustration in Blithende Kakteen (1: pl. 32) as WW. centricirrha var. does not
seem to be of this relationship.
Plate x1, figure 1, shows a small potted plant which flowered in the New York Botanical
166, as MM. centricirrha.
Garden, May 6, 1913.
near San Angel, Valley of Mexico, by O. Solis in 1919.
14. Neomammillaria macracantha (De Candolle).
Figure 71 is from a photograph of a plant obtained on the pedregal
Mammullaria macracantha De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 113. 1828.
Cactus macracanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus alternatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 95. 1894.
Mammillaria centricirrha macracantha Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 582. 1808.
Depressed-globose, 2 to 3 em. high, 6 to 15 cm. in diameter; axils of old tubercles naked, of
young ones densely lanate; tubercles ovoid, somewhat 4-sided; young spine-areoles somewhat
tomentose; spines 1 or 2, somewhat angled, elongated, the longest 5 cm. long (but not elongated
80 THE CACTACEAE.
in greenhouse specimens), porrect or more or less reflexed, reddish in age; flowers dark pink, a little
longer than the tubercles; perianth-segments linear, spreading; stigma-lobes 5 to 7, rose-colored.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: San Luis Potosi.
Our description is based on plants from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, especially those col-
lected by Mrs. Vera in 1912.
Schumann refers Mammullaria macracantha to M. centricirrha but it must be different.
Riimpler refers to it also MW. zuccarinit, but this has different flowers and we have recog-
nized it as a species. MM. macrantha (Forster, Handb. Cact. 189. 1894) is referred here.
Illustrations: De Candolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 9; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 378. f. 38,
as Mammillaria macracantha; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 93; Thomas, Zimmerkultur
Kakteen 57; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 13, as WW. centricirrha macra-
cantha; (?) Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 170. f. 57, E, as M. centricirrha.
=
Fic. 72a.—Neomammillaria macracantha.
Plate 1x, figure 4, shows a plant received from Kew in 1902, which flowered in the New
York Botanical Garden on April 27, 1912. Figure 72a is a reproduction of the first illus-
tration cited above; figure 72 is from a photograph of the plant distributed by the Kew
Gardens in 1902 which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1905.
15. Neomammillaria johnstonii sp. nov.
Plants large for the genus, globular to short-oblong, 15 to 20 cm. high, slightly depressed at
apex; tubercles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 4-angled throughout, somewhat bluish, naked in their axils, milky;
spine-areoles when young short-floccose, in age glabrate, circular; radial spines 10 to 14, white, but
with brown tips, somewhat spreading, stiff-acicular; central spines 2, much longer and stouter than
the radials, slightly diverging, bluish brown; flowers from near top of plant but from axils of old
tubercles, campanulate, 2 cm. long; outer perianth-segments ovate-lanceolate, greenish white with a
reddish-brown mid-rib; inner perianth-segments narrow, acuminate, white; filaments short, pinkish;
style pinkish; stigma-lobes linear, 6 or 7, green.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE X
1. Coryphantha sulcata, from Sabinal, Texas.
2. Neomammillaria runyonti, from Monterey, Mexico.
Sete
sia reat
hale
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 8I
Collected at San Carlos Bay, Sonora, Mexico, by Ivan M. Johnston in 1921 (No.
4373) and flowered in Washington in April 1922 and April 1923.
Figure 72b is from a photograph of the type specimen.
16. Neomammillaria melanocentra (Poselger).
Mammillaria melanocentra Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23:17. 1855.
Mammillaria erinacea Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23: 18. 1855.
Mammiullaria valida Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 806. 1898.
Short-cylindric, glaucous-green; tubercles in 8 and 13 spirals, strongly angled; radial spines 6,
stout-subulate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, brownish; central spines solitary, black, 2 to 3 cm. long, greatly
overtopping the stem; flowers pinkish red, the segments linear, acute.
Fic. 72b.—Neomammillaria johnstonii.
Type locality: Near Monterey, Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 129, as Mammillaria melanocentra.
Figure 73 is a reproduction of the illustration cited above.
17. Neomammillaria runyonii sp. nov.
Plants deep-seated, depressed; tubercles milky, elongated, 1.5 cm. long, strongly 4-angled,
their tips widely separated from each other, their axils long-woolly (never setose), especially when
young, sometimes permanently so; young spine-areoles long-woolly, but in age glabrate; radial
spines 6 to 8, slightly ascending, the outer ones stouter and often dark brown in color, the inner ones
about half the length of the outer and nearly white; central spine sclitary, brown to black, erect,
10 to 14 mm. long; flowers about 2 cm. long, purple; perianth-segments oblong; fruit red, clavate,
12 to 16 mm. long; seeds brown.
Collected on El Mirador, near Monterey, Mexico, by Robert Runyon in 1921.
Plate x, figure 2, is from a photograph of one of the plants Mr. Runyon originally
brought from El Mirador.
82 THE CACTACEAE.
18. Neomammillaria sartorii (J. A. Purpus).
Mammillaria sartorii J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21:50. 1911.
Globose to short-cylindric, 5 to 13 cm. in diameter, cespitose, very milky, bluish green; tubercles
strongly 4-angled, pointed, 8 to 12 mm. long, their axils without bristles and in time without wool;
spine-areoles circular when young, densely white-woolly but in age glabrate; spines 4 to 6, very
unequal, 5 to 8 mm. long, whitish or sometimes brownish, the central spine solitary; flowers 1.5 to
about 2 cm. long, deep carmine; perianth-segments oblong, apiculate, the tip dry, the outer ciliate,
the inner serrulate; stamens and style purplish above; stigma-lobes 4, purple, short; fruit carmine;
seeds brown.
Type locality: Barranca de Panoaya, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Distribution: Mountains of Vera Cruz, 300 to 600 meters altitude.
Our description of this interesting and variable little plant is drawn from specimens
sent to us by Dr. C. A. Purpus in 1920, collected at the type locality. There the plant
Fic. 73.—Neomammillaria melanocentra. Fic. 74.—Neomamnillaria seitziana.
grows among rocks in rich humus of the decaying leaves in half shade or in the sun. It
is very different from any other Neomammillaria which we have seen; the tubercles are
copiously milky and the slightest bruise causes the white milk to ooze out. It flowered
in Washington in April 1923.
Dr. C. A. Purpus writes that this species is common in many of the barrancas of Vera
Cruz and that it is very variable. When first described two forms (brevispina and longi-
spina) were characterized.
The species was named for Florantino Sartorius (1837-1908) who assisted Dr. Purpus
for many years in his botanical expeditions. He was a son of Carlos Sartorius (1795-
1872), a distinguished scientist who went to Mexico about 1825, where he made large
collections of plants. Mr. W. Botting Hemsley (Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 123) states that
his herbarium was left to the Smithsonian Institution, but no record of this gift can now be
found nor can any of his plants be found in the U. S. National Herbarium.
Here may or may not belong Mammiullaria rebsamiana (Cact. Journ. 2: 176), advertised
as a new discovery by Louis Murillo, who lived at Jalapa, Mexico.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 51, as Mammillaria sartorii.
Figure 75 is from a photograph showing two plants sent from the type locality of
Mammiullaria sartorii by Dr. Purpus in 1920.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 83
19. Neomammillaria seitziana (Martius).
Mammillaria seitziana Martius in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 18. 1837.
Mammiullaria foveolata Muhlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 372. 1846.
Cactus foveolatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus seitzianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Solitary or somewhat proliferous at base, cylindric, 12 cm. high; tubercles green, conic, somewhat
angled; axils of tubercles woolly; areoles at first white-woolly, becoming glabrate; spines 4,* the
upper and lower longer than the lateral; flowers rose-colored, about 25 mm. long; outer perianth-
segments olive colored; inner perianth-segments linear, lanceolate, white, nerved with red; stamens
white; stigma-lobes 6.
Type locality: Ixmiquilpan, Mexico.
Distribution: State of Hidalgo.
We have not seen this species and hence our description is compiled.
Fic. 75.—Neomammillaria sartorii.
Mammiullaria senckena and M. senckei are two names listed as synonyms of this species,
but we do not find that they have ever been published.
Illustration: Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 8, as Mammiullaria seitziana.
Figure 74 is reproduced from the illustration cited above.
20. Neomammillaria ortegae sp. nov.
Simple to short-clavate, 5 to 8 cm. in diameter, light green, lactiferous; tubercles rather short
(8 to 10 mm. long), broader at base, obscurely 4-angled, somewhat pointed, very woolly but not
setose in their axils; spines all radial, 3 or 4, more commonly 4 (sometimes with 1 or 2 small additional
spines or bristles, perhaps deciduous), spreading, straw-colored, 6 to 10 mm. long; flowers small;
fruit clavate, 1 cm. long; seeds numerous, small, angled, brown.
Collected by J. G. Ortega in Sinaloa, Mexico, in 1921 and 1922.
Figure 76 shows the type specimens as photographed in the U. S. National Museum
under the direction of A. J. Olmstead.
* Schumann says central spines yellow.
84 THE CACTACEAE.
21. Neomammillaria meiacantha (Engelmann).
Mammillaria meiacantha Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 263. 1856.
Cactus metacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Somewhat depressed, 12 cm. broad or more; tubercles milky, bluish green, more or less angled,
somewhat flattened dorsally, their axils naked; spines 5 to 9, ascending, pale flesh-colored, the tips
darker, the lower a little stouter than the upper; central spines porrect, similar to but a little stouter
than radials and often subradial; spine-areoles short-woolly at first ; flowers not very abundant, at least
on cultivated plants; inner perianth-segments white with a pink stripe along inside of midrib, one-
fourth its width, greenish brown on outside; filaments white; style pink; stigma-lobes yellow; fruit
scarlet, 22 mm. long; seeds brownish.
Type locality: Western Texas and New Mexico.
Distribution: Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico.
According to Dr. Engelmann, this species was first obtained in New Mexico by the
Missouri Volunteers in 1847 and it has frequently been collected since that time. In
Mexico it extends as far south as Zacatecas, but develops into some unusual forms. It was
repeatedly collected in Zacatecas by F. E. Lloyd in 1908.
Fic. 76.—Neomammiillaria ortegae.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 47*; Blanc, Cacti 71. No. 1388; Cycl. Amer.
Hort. Bailey 2: f. 1357; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2316; West Amer. Sci. 13: 39;
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 258. f. 190; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 9, f. 1 to 3; Cact. Journ. 1:
pl. for October, as Mammillaria meiacantha.
Figure 77 shows the plant illustrated in the Mexican Boundary Report as cited above.
22. Neomammillaria scrippsiana sp. nov.
Globose or becoming short-cylindric, 6 cm. high; tubercles milky, in 26 rows, bluish green, very
woolly in axils when young; spine-areoles very woolly at first; radial spines 8 to ro, slender, pale with
reddish tips; central spines generally 2, a little longer than radials, brown throughout, slightly
divergent; flowers borne near top of plant but not in axils of youngest tubercles, about 1 em. long,
pinkish, with margins of perianth-segments paler; anthers pinkish; stigma-lobes about 6, recurved,
cream-colored.
Collected by Dr. Rose in the barranca of Guadalajara, Jalisco, in September 1903
(No. 871, type). The plant has flowered repeatedly in Washington since April 1906.
Specimens were afterward collected near the same place by C. R. Orcutt. It is named in
honor of HE. W. Scripps, the founder of Science Service and The Scripps Institution for
Biological Research of the University of California.
Figure 78 is from a photograph of the type specimen.
* This plate is labeled Mammillaria meionacantha, but described under M. meonacantha.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 85
23. Neomammillaria gigantea (Hildmann).
Mammillaria gigantea Hildmann in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 578. 1898.
Solitary or cespitose, depressed-globose, 10 cm. high, 15 to 17 cm. in diameter; axils of tubercles
lanate; radial spines 12, subulate, white, 3 mm. long; central spines 4 to 6, stout, 2 cm. long, curved,
yellowish brown; flowers yellowish green.
Type locality: Guanajuato, Mexico.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Mammullaria macdowellu Heese and M. guanajuatensis Riinge are two names referred
here by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 578. 1898), but they were not published.
Plate x1, figure 3, shows a plant in fruit, collected by Dr. Safford at the type locality.
24. Neomammillaria peninsularis sp. nov.
Plants solitary or in clusters, deeply seated in the ground, more or less flat-topped, bluish green,
the stems and tubercles very milky; tubercles erect, pointed, 4-angled, pale green; radial spines 4 to 8,
Fic. 77.—Neomammillaria meiacantha. Fic. 78.—Neomammillaria scrippsiana.
nearly erect, short and pale with brown tips, one sometimes nearly central; axils of tubercles bearing
long wool but in age naked; flowers 1.5 cm. long, arising from old tubercles but near the center;
outer perianth-segments narrow, reddish; inner perianth-segments narrow, acuminate, green
or light yellow with erose margins; stamens pale; style longer than stamens; stigma-lobes green,
linear.
Collected by Dr. Rose at Cape San Lucas, Lower California, March 23, 1911 (No. 16377).
25. Neomammillaria flavovirens (Salm-Dyck).
Mammillaria flavovirens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 117. 1850.
Hither solitary or somewhat cespitose, globose or short-cylindric, 6 to 8 cm. high, light or
yellowish green; tubercles somewhat 4-angled; axils naked; radial spines 5, slender, subulate; central
spines solitary, porrect; flowers white, streaked with rose.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Mexico.
The above description is compiled, since the species is not otherwise known to us.
86 THE CACTACEAE.
Mammillaria flavovirens cristata Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 16. 1850) is
only a name.
The name Mammillaria daedalea viridis Fennel is given by Labouret (Monogr. Cact.
100. 1853) as a synonym of M. flavovirens.
26. Neomammillaria sempervivi (De Candolle).
Mammillaria sempervivi De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 114. 1828. ”
Mammillaria sempervivi tetracantha De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 114. 1828.
Mamumillaria caput-medusae Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 22. 1837.
Mammiullaria diacantha Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 2. 1838.
Mammillaria sempervivi laeteviridis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 113. 1850.
Mammillaria caput-medusae centrispina Salm-Dyck in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 91. 1853.
Mammillaria caput-medusae crassior Salm-Dyck in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 91. 1853.
Mammillaria caput-medusae tetracantha Salm-Dyck in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 91. 1853.
Cactus sempervivi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Fic. 79.—Neomammillaria sempervivi. Fic. 80.—Neomammillaria polythele.
Solitary or somewhat cespitose, flattened above, narrowed below; axils of tubercles very woolly;
tubercles short, milky, angled; spine-areoles very woolly when young, but glabrate in age; radial
spines 3 to 7, short, white, caducous; central spines 2, ascending, brownish, stoutish; flowers dull
white with reddish lines; inner perianth-segments acute, spreading.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
Dr. Rose collected what he took to be this species in the Barranca Sierra de la Mesa,
Hidalgo, Mexico, in 1905, but this plant differs somewhat from De Candolle’s illustration.
The central spines, while generally 2, are sometimes 3 and are not so stout; the radial
spines are deciduous, as they should be in this species. It flowered once at Washington.
An examination of the original description of Mammiullaria caput-medusae suggests the
probability that this species is identical with Mammillaria sempervivt. The two names
appeared in collections in 1829 and may have come from a common source. Indeed,
Schumann credits T. Coulter with having obtained M. caput-medusae, while we know that
M. sempervivi was based on Coulter’s plant and, then, too, Pfeiffer refers /. sempervivi as a
synonym of M. caput-medusae. Knippel’s illustration of M. caput-medusae (pl. 19) seems
to be referable here. Nicholson states that MW. caput-medusae is only a form of this species.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 87
Mammillaria staurotypa (Forster, Handb. Cact. 221. 1846), credited to Scheidweiler
by Schumann and referred by him as a synonym of M. caput-medusae, seems never to have
been described but may belong here.
The two varieties of Mammiullaria caput-medusae, tetracantha and hexacantha, given
by Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 10. 1845) are without description. The first
was afterwards described by Labouret.
Illustrations: De Candolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 8; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 344. f. 36;
Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 589. f. 95; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 565. f. 38; Suppl. 518.
f. 556; Watson, Cact. Cult. 175. f. 70, as Mammiullaria sempervivt; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk.
270. f. 192; Succulenta 5: 51, as M. caput-medusae.
Figure 79 is a reproduction of the first illustration cited above.
27. Neomammillaria obscura (Hildmann).
Mammillaria obscura Hildmann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 52. 1891.
Solitary, depressed-globose, blackish green; axils woolly; tubercles arranged in 13 and 21 spirals,
angled, stout, woolly in their axils but not setose; radial spines 6 to 8, subulate, white, unequal, the
upper ones shorter than the lower; central spines 2 to 4, the lower one slightly curved, black; flowers
small, yellowish white.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
The plant is known to us only from description and illustration.
Seeds of this species were introduced into Germany from Mexico about 1885 ye Mr.
Droege and flowers were obtained in 1891.
The earlier name, Mammillaria obscura Scheidweiler (Foérster, Handb. Cact. 213.
1846), but used only as a synonym and for some other plant, does not interfere with our
present use of the name.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: facing 52, as Mammillaria obscura.
28. Neomammillaria crocidata (Lemaire).
Mammillaria crocidata Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 9. 1838.
Mammullaria webbiana Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 45. 1839.
Cactus crocidatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus webbianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plant globose or a little depressed, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; radial spines 6 or 7, dark brown or
nearly black; central spines none; axils of tubercles in young plant densely woolly; flowers from axils
of old tubercles near the top of plant, small, reddish purple, 12 to 14 mm. long; outer perianth-
segments ciliate; inner perianth-segments acuminate; filaments, style, and stigma-lobes reddish;
stigma-lobes 3 or 4; fruit not seen.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
Described here from plants collected by Dr. Rose near Querétaro, Mexico, in 1906,
which flowered in August and September 1908, and again in April 1909 (No. 1072). Our
specimen has more spines than the original 1. crocidata; it is also near M/. carnea but with
different colored stigma-lobes; its tubercles are about 6 mm. high.
Schumann places this species near /. carnea and among the cylindric species, but it was
originally described as depressed.
Mammullaria crocidata quadrispina Pfeiffer and Salm-Dyck, mentioned by Forster
(Handb. Cact. 220. 1846) as a rare form and afterwards briefly described by Labouret
(Monogr. Cact. 93. 1853), may or may not belong here.
Plate vir, figure 5, shows a flowering plant collected by Dr. Rose in Querétaro in 1906
and painted in the New York Botanical Garden, September 5, 1911.
88 THE CACTACEAE.
29. Neomammillaria polythele (Martius).
Mammillaria polythele Martius, Noy. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 328. 1832.
Mammillaria quadrispina Martius, Noy. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 329. 1832.
Mammillaria columnaris Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 330. 1832.
Mammiullaria affinis De Candolle, Mém. Cact. 11. 1834.
Mammillaria setosa Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 379. 1835.
Mammillaria polythele quadrispina Salm-Dyck in Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 271. 1843.
Mammillaria polythele columnaris Salm-Dyck in Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 271. 1843.
Mammiullaria polythele setosa Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844.9. 1845.
Mammillaria polythele hexacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 15. 1850.
Mammillaria polythele latimamma Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 112. 1850.
Cactus affinis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus quadrispinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus setosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus polythele Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
? Mammiullaria hidalgensis Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 118. 1907.
Elongated, cylindric, often 3 to 5 dm. high, 7 to 10 cm. in diameter; tubercles milky, in about
21 spirals, 10 to 12 mm. long, nearly terete, somewhat narrowed toward apex, dull green; axils of
young tubercles densely long-woolly, the wool nearly covering the top of the plant, in age becoming
naked; spines 2 to 4, sometimes 6, all radial, somewhat spreading, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, reddish, straight
or a little curved; flowers from near top of plant, reddish, 8 to 10 mm. long; perianth-segments
narrow, acuminate; fruit red, clavate; seeds small, brownish.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: State of Hidalgo.
In 1905 Dr. Rose collected living plants of this species near Ixmiquilpan. It is a
rather striking plant, growing very tall and flowering near the top.
Schumann places this species in the Section Hydrochylus, in which the sap is watery,
but Martius in his original description says definitely that it is milky.
Mammillaria aciculata Otto (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 29. 1837; M. polythele aciculata
Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 9. 1845) is referred here by Schumann but should be
excluded; it came from the cold regions of Mexico and was described as having 20 white
slender radial spines.
Mammillaria columnaris minor Martius and M. quadrispina major, mentioned by
Forster (Handb. Cact. 214, 215. 1846), probably belong here.
Mammiullaria cataphracta Martius was given by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 11. 1837) as a
synonym of WV. affinis and by Salm-Dyck (Hort. Dyck. 155. 1834) as a synonym of WM.
angularis.
Illustrations: Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 19, as Mammillaria polythele; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 17: 119; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 10, as M. idalgensis;
De Candolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 6, as M. affinis; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl.
1, I. f. 2, as M. columnaris.
Figure 80 is from a photograph of a plant collected in the state of Hidalgo in 1905
which has heretofore passed as Mammiullaria hidalgensis.
30. Neomammillaria carnea (Zuccarini).
Mammiullaria carnea Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 19. 1837.
Mammullaria subtetragona Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 169. 1840.
Mammillaria aeruginosa Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840.
Mammillaria pallescens Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9: 42. 1841.
Mammillaria villifera carnea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 16. 1850.
Mammillaria villifera aeruginosa Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 16. 1850.
Mammillaria villifera cirrosa* Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 115. 1850.
Cactus aeruginosus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus carneus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus pallescens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus subtetragonus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria carnea cirrosa Giirke, Bliihende Kakteen 1: under pl. 60. 1905.
Mammillaria carnea aeruginosa Giirke, Blithende Kakteen 1: under pl. 60. 1905.
Plants solitary, cylindric, 8 to 9 cm. high; tubercles 4-angled, milky, their axils woolly, the upper
ones erect; spines 4, straight, reddish, the lower one 10 mm. long, twice as long as the other 3; flowers
* Forster (Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 342. 1885) spells this name, cirrhosa.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 89
borne in the old axils; outer perianth-segments nearly 2 cm. long, nearly erect, flesh-colored; fruit
pear-shaped, obtuse, bright red.
Type locality: Ixmiquilpan, Mexico.
Distribution: Central and southern Mexico.
Mammiutllaria villifera Otto, referred here by Schumann, must belong elsewhere, since
the axils of the tubercles bear setae.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 60; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 59; Schelle,
Handbk. Kakteenk. 271. f. 193, as Mammiullaria carnea.
Plate vu, figure 7, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Tehuacdén in 1906, which
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, May 4, 1912. Figure 81 is from a photograph
of a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Tehuacan in 1905.
Fic. 81.—Neomammillaria carnea. Fic. 82.—Neomammillaria lloydii.
31. Neomammillaria lloydii sp. nov.
Plant-body at first flattened but in cultivation becoming elongated, sometimes 1o cm. long,
6 to 7 cm. in diameter; axils of young tubercles only slightly woolly ; tubercles milky, small, numerous,
4-angled, woolly when quite young; radial spines 3 or 4, ascending, glabrous, the uppermost one red
or dark brown, the others whitish, 2 to 5 mm. long; central spines none; flowers in a ring near center
of plant; outer perianth-segments dark red with light or colored margins; inner perianth-segments
white with a tinge of red, and dark-red central stripes, not ciliate, apiculate, spreading above;
filaments pale below, pinkish above; style pinkish above.
Collected by F. E. Lloyd in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico, in 1909, and flowered in
Washington in 1911, 1912 (March), and 1915 (April).
Figure 82 is from a photograph of the type plant (Lloyd, No. 55).
32. Neomammillaria zuccariniana (Martius).
Mammillaria zuccariniana Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 331. 1832.
Globose to elongated-cylindric, 8 to 20 cm. long, bluish green, milky; areoles and axils of young
tubercles filled with white wool; radial spines wanting or represented by very stout bristles; central
spines 2 to 4, black, unequal, 2 to 12 mm. long, spreading; flowers about 1 cm. long, with a broad open
throat; outer perianth-segments brownish, acute; inner perianth-segments lanceolate, acute, entire,
magenta-colored; filaments purplish; stigma-lobes 3 or 4, purplish, broad, truncate; fruit red, 10 mm.
long; seeds brownish.
90 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
We have had this plant in cultivation for a number of years; Dr. E. Palmer obtained
it near San Luis Potosi in 1905 (No. 590); it was also collected by Mrs. Vera from the
same locality in 1912.
Illustration: Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 20, as Mammiullaria zuccariniana.
Figure 83 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Alvarez,
San Luis Potosi, May 1905, which afterwards flowered in Washington, D. C.
33. Neomammillaria formosa (Galeotti).
Mammillaria formosa Galeotti in Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 497. 1838.
Mammillaria formosa microthele Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 87. 1850.
Mammillaria formosa dispicula Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 60. 1853.
Mammillaria formosa gracilispina Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 60. 1853.
Mammillaria formosa laevior Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 60. 1853.
Cactus formosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Somewhat clavate, sunken at the apex; axils lanate; tubercles spirally arranged, obtusely
4-angled, light green; areoles naked; radial spines 20 to 22, white, rigid, radiating; central spines 6,
spreading, thickened at base, at first flesh-colored at base, black at tip, becoming black throughout
or grayish; flowers red.
Type locality: Near San Felipe.
Distribution: San Luis Potosi, Mexico, according to Hemsley.
Dr. Safford has referred here a plant collected by Dr. E. Palmer at San Luis Potosi
which may be the plant which is passing under this name, but it does not seem to answer
the original descriptions.
Illustration: Garten-Zeitung 4: 182. f. 42, No. 11, as Mammillaria formosa.
Fic. 83.—Neomammillaria zuccariniana. Fic. 84.—Neomammillaria compressa.
34. Neomammillaria compressa (De Candolle).
Mammillaria compressa De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 112. 1828.
Mammillaria subangularis De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 112. 1828.
Mammillaria triacantha De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 113. 1828.
Mammillaria cirrhifera Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 334. 1832.
Mammillaria angularis Link and Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 12. 1837.
Mammiullaria cirrhifera angulosior Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 95. 1839.
Mammillaria longiseta Mihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 13: 346. 1845.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. gI
Mammillaria cirrifera longiseta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 18. 1850.
Mammillaria squarrosa Meinshausen Wochenschr. Garten. Pflanz. 2: 116. 1859.
Cactus cirrhifer Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus compressus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891. Not Salisbury, 1796.
Cactus longisetus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus squarrosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus subangularis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus triacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
? Mammillaria angularis fulvispina Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 576. 1898.
Mammillaria angularis longiseta Salm-Dyck in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 576. 1808.
Mammillaria angularis triacantha Salm-Dyck in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 576. 1808.
Mammillaria angularis compressa Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 577. 1808.
Mammillaria oettingentt Zeissold, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 10. 1898.
Mammillaria kleinschmidtiana Zeissold, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8:21. 1898.
Growing in large clumps, cylindric, pale bluish green; axils of tubercles white-woolly, setose;
tubercles short, compressed laterally, keeled below, more rounded above; young spine-areoles
white-woolly; principal spines 4, sometimes with 1 to 3 very short accessory ones from the lower part
of the areole; lower spine much longer, spreading or recurved, 5 to 6 cm. long, somewhat angled; all
spines pale, more or less tinged with brown, with dark tips; flower small, pinkish, 10 to 12 mm. long;
outer perianth-segments acute, somewhat ciliate; inner perianth-segments narrow, acuminate,
with spreading tips; stamens and style pale; stigma-lobes 5, linear; fruit clavate, red; seeds brown.
Fics. 85 and 86.—Neomammiillaria compressa.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
Our description is drawn largely from specimens which flowered in March 1908 and
which were collected by Dr. Rose at Higuerillas, Querétaro, in 1905. Dr. Rose also found
this species very abundant in the deserts of Querétaro and living specimens brought back
by him have frequently flowered both in New York and Washington. These are identical
with plants sent from Berlin, labeled Mammiullaria angularis longiseta. ‘The species as here
treated is variable and more exhaustive field work might require some modifications in
the description.
The varieties Mammillaria cirrhifera major and M. cirrhifera fulvispina (Salm-Dyck,
Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 11. 1845) are without descriptions. The two varieties VM. cirrhi-
fera albispina and M. centricirrha macrothele were listed as synonyms of M. subangularis
by Walpers (Repert. Bot. 2: 272. 1843). To M. subangularis is also referred M. sub-
cirrhifera by Forster (Handb. Cact. 234. 1846).
92 THE CACTACEAE.
Here doubtless belongs Mammillaria angularis fulvescens (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 1849. 18. 1850).
Illustrations: Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 264. f.
187 (2); Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 486. f. 20;
Krook, Handb. Cact. 38 (2); Gartenwelt 15: 410;
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. ro: pl. 16, f. B, as Mammil-
laria angularis; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475.
f. 8, No. 8, as M. angularis compressa; Pfeiffer and
Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 7, as M. cirrhifera;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 28, Loe YI
as M. angularis rufispina; Blane, Cacti 67. f. 1170; cer
Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for March; 2: 7, 93, as M. cirrhifera Ties anticcal ie Gr Nucompreses:
longispina.
Plate vu, figure 4, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose in Querétaro in 1905, which
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, March 17, 1913. Figure 84 is from a photo-
graph of a plant sent by Dr. E. Palmer from San Luis Potosi in 1905; figure 85 is from a
photograph of a plant collected by Dr. Rose near Higuerillas, Mexico, in 1905; figure 86
is from a photograph of this plant growing in the open in the Huntington Collection,
southern California; figure 88 is from a photograph of a plant sent by Dr. C. A. Purpus
from Minas de San Rafael in 1910; figure 87 shows spines from the plant collected by
Dr. Rose at Ixmiquilpan in 1905.
Fic. 88.—Neomammillaria compressa.
35. Neomammillaria mystax (Martius).
Mammillaria mystax Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 332. 1832.
Mammillaria leucotricha Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840.
Mammiullaria zanthotricha Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840.
Mammillaria mutabilis Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9:43. 1841.
Mammullaria funkui Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841.
Mammillaria autumnalis Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 297. 1848.
Mammillaria mutabilis xanthotricha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 17, 120. 1850.
Mammillaria maschalacantha Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 106. 1853.
Mammillaria maschalacantha leucotricha Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 106. 1853.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 93
Mammullaria maschalacantha xantotricha Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 106. 1853.
Cactus funcku Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus maschalacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus leucotrichus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus mutabilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus mystax Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus xanthotrichus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. I: 261. 1891.
Globose to short-cylindric, 7 to 15 cm. high, flat-topped; tubercles in as many as 34 rows, thickly
set, full of milk which freely flows when pricked or cut; radial spines 8 to ro, small, white; central
spines 4, 3 about twice as long as the radial ones, the other much elongated, 6 to 7 cm. long; flowers
1.5 to 2 cm. long, appearing in 2 or 3 rows, very abundant; inner perianth-segments dark red, 12 mm.
long; stigma-lobes 4 or 5, greenish; fruit red, 2 to 2.5 cm. long.
Type locality: Mexico. According to Hemsley, Karwinsky’s plant, which is the type,
came from Ixmiquilpan and San Pedro Nolasco at about 6,000 feet altitude.
Distribution: Highlands of southern central Mexico.
This species is characterized by the long, erect, central spines which overtop the plant
in the wild state; in cultivation these elongated spines do not always occur. The species is
common in cultivation; in collections it is usually known as Mammiullaria mutabilis.
Fic. 89.—Neomammillaria mystax. 90.—Neomammillaria petterssonii.
Mammiullaria krauseana, a name from Gruson’s Catalogue, is cited by Schumann
(Gesamtb. Kakteen 595. 1898) as a synonym of /. mutabilis.
Mammillaria meschalacantha Hortus (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 10. 1845),
according to the Index Kewensis, is a misspelling for 1/. maschalacantha.
Mammillaria maschalacantha dolichacantha Monville was given as a doubtful synonym
of M. maschalacantha by Wabouret (Monogr. Cact. 106. 1853).
Mammillaria mutabilis autumnalis (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: February 1920) is
offered for sale by Grassner.
Mammiullaria mutabilis laevior Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 17, 120. 1850),
with M. leucocarpa Scheidweiler as a synonym, was given as a variety of M. mutabilis, but
it was not described. M. xanthotricha laevior Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 11.
1845), also undescribed, seems to be the same.
94 THE CACTACEAE.
Schumann refers here Mammiullaria cirrhifera, but certainly Pfeiffer’s illustration
(Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 7) with its long, curved, radial spines and no centrals is very
different; we have referred it to Neomammuillaria magnimamma.
Illustrations: Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 21; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475.
f. 8, No. 17, as Mammullaria mystax; M@llers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 1;
Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 1: pl. 44; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 272. f. 195,
as M. mutabilis; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 273. f. 196, as M. mutabilis longispina.
Plate 1x, figure 5, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Tehuacan which flowered and
fruited in Washington in 1907. Figure 89 is from a photograph of a potted plant obtained
by Dr. Rose at Tehuacan in 1905.
36. Neomammillaria petterssonii (Hildmann).
Mammillaria petterssonit Hildmann, Deutsche Garten-Zeitung 1886: 185. 1886.
Mammillaria heeseana McDowell, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 125. 1896.
Plants rather large for this genus, cylindric, 2 dm. high or more, very spiny; tubercles arranged
in 13 or 21 spirals, terete, setose in their axils; radial spines 10 to 12, white, with black tips; central
spines 4, the longer ones 4.5 cm. long; flowers unknown; fruit small, naked, oblong.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Guanajuato, Mexico.
We have followed Schumann in uniting Mammullaria petterssonu aul M. heeseana but
have selected the older name.
Dr. Rose collected this plant in Guanajuato in 1889 (No. 4846) and Dr. Safford obtained
it there a few years later.
Mammullaria heeseana brevispina and M. heeseana longispina are two varieties listed by
Schelle.
Illustrations: Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 7; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 265. f.
188, as Mammillaria heeseana; Blanc, Cacti 70. f. 1350, as M. krameri (this is the same figure
as that used by Schelle as 1/. hanscaine Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for March; Blanc, Cacti 73. No.
1460; Deutsche Garten-Zeitung 1886: 186. f. 45, as M. petterssoni1.*
Figure go is a reproduction of the first illustration cited above.
37. Neomammillaria eichlamii (Quehl).
Mammullaria eichlamti Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 65. 1898.
Solitary or growing in large clumps of 25 or more, but loosely held together; plant-body cylindric,
6 to 15 cm. long; tubercles yellowish green, very milky, only slightly angled; axils filled with dense
yellow (sometimes whitish) wool and longer white bristles; radial spines 7 or 8, ascending, whitish
with brown tips; central spines usually 1, rarely 2, stouter, darker colored than the radials; spine-
areoles when young filled with short yellow wool, in age glabrate; flower-buds covered with long wool;
outer perianth-segments narrow, acuminate, with a dark red stripe down the center, otherwise cream-
colored, slightly ciliate; inner perianth-segments narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, entire, cream-
colored to light lemon-yellow; style longer than the stamens, pale; stigma-lobes linear, 4 to 6, yellow,
obtuse.
Type locahty: Guatemala.
Distribution: Guatemala and Honduras.
This plant differs from the other Guatemalan species in the yellow wool in the axils of
the tubercles and in the areoles.
Our first knowledge of this species came from a photograph and living and herbarium
material collected by Dr. William R. Maxon in Guatemala in 1905. In 1908 Quehl described
it as new from specimens sent by F. EKichlam; the plant since then has been common in
cultivation. It flowered first in Washington, December 1909.
* This name appears as M. petersonii in Blanc and Schumann.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 95
The plant is named for Federico Kichlam (1862-1911), an enthusiastic cactus collector
who made very valuable discoveries in Guatemala. He published a cactus list in 1911
(Kakteen-Verzeichnis Abgeschlosen Ende 1910).
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 7; MGllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8,
No. 14, as Mammiullaria eichlami1.
Figure 91 is from a photograph of a plant collected in Guatemala by F. Eichlam in
1908.
38. Neomammillaria karwinskiana (Martius).
Mammillaria karwinskiana Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 335. 1832.
(?) Mammillaria fischeri Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 4: 257. 1836.
Mammillaria centrispina Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 4: 258. 1836. ‘
Mammiullaria karwinskiana flavescens Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 19. 1837.
(?) Mammillaria virens Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841.
Mammullaria karwinskiana virens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 10. 1845.
Mammillaria karwinskiana centrispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 10. 1845.
Cactus centrispinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus fischert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus karwinskianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus virens Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Fic. 91.—Neomammiillaria eichlamii. Fic. 92.—Neomammillaria karwinskiana.
Globose to cylindric, somewhat flattened above; tubercles terete, yielding milk when pricked;
axils very woolly and with long conspicuous white or brown-tipped bristles, much longer than the
tubercles; spines 4, 5, or 6, all radial, sometimes one nearer the center than the others, nearly equal,
short, brown or blackish at the tips or throughout; flowers nearly 2 cm. long, the scales and outer
perianth-segments narrow, reddish except at the margins, ciliate; inner perianth-segments broader,
cream-colored, not ciliate, mucronate-tipped; stamens cream-colored, much shorter than the inner
perianth-segments; style a little longer than the stamens; stigma-lobes 5, cream-colored; fruit 15
mm. long, red; seeds brown.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Oaxaca, Mexico.
This species is near Neomammillaria mystax but the spines are usually radial, short, and
nearly equal. Specimens sent to Washington in 1918 had some of the lowermost spines
much elongated and curved backward, .sometimes 2.5 cm. long.
The plant flowers readily in cultivation. Professor C. Conzatti has repeatedly sent
it to us from Oaxaca.
96 THE CACTACEAE.
Illustrations: Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 22; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 14,
f. 4, as Mammillaria karwinskiana.
Plate x1, figure 2, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose in Oaxaca in 1906, which flowered
in Washington, April 16, 1907; plate 1x, figure 2, shows a plant collected by B. P. Reko also
in Oaxaca, which fruited in the New York Botanical Garden in 1918. Figure 92 is from a
photograph of a plant collected by Dr. Rose in Oaxaca in 1906.
Related to this species is the following:
MAMMILLARIA KNIPPELIANA Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 59. 1907.
Stem solitary, about 7 cm. high by 6 cm. in diameter, slightly depressed at apex; tubercles
when young pyramidal, 4-sided, 8 mm. long, their axils setose; areoles circular, at first white-woolly,
soon glabrate; spines usually 6, up to 6 cm. long, whitish with blood-red or brown tips, sometimes
accompanied with smaller spines; flowers and native country unknown.
Fic. 93.—Neomammillaria standleyi. Fic. 94.—Neomammillaria parkinsonii.
39. Neomammillaria praelii (Miihlenpfordt).
Mammillaria praela Mihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 372. 1846.
Mammillaria viridis praelai Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 16. 1850.
Mammullaria viridis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 116. 1850.
Mammillaria inclinis Lemaire, Ilustr. Hort. 5: Misc. 9. 1858.
Cactus praelit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus viridis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Globose, light green, sunken at the apex; axils of the tubercles lanate and setose; tubercles
somewhat 4-angled; spine-areoles villous; spines 4, radial, forming a cross, the uppermost and lower-
most elongated; flowers and fruit unknown.
Type locality: Guatemala.
Distribution: Guatemala.
We do not know this species but we are following previous authors in our classification
of it. When flowers and fruit become known this may be subject to modification. Until
recently it and Neomammillaria woburnensis were the only species of this genus known
from Guatemala; neither was known in cultivation. Through the efforts of Dr. William
R. Maxon, Mr. F. Eichlam, Professor Kellermann, and others, much material has been
collected, new species discovered, and N. woburnensis rediscovered, but not N. praelit.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XI
M. E. Eaton del. 1, 4 Ae
Hoens Lo Baltimoy
E. I. Schutt del. 2 a Ballimore
D. G, Passmore del. 3
1. Flowering plant of Neomammillaria magnimamma. 3. Fruiting plant of Neomammillaria gigantea.
2. Flowering plant of Neomammillaria karwinskiana. 4. Fruiting plant of eobesseya missourtensis.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 97
Schumann described the plant in some detail, but apparently confused it with another
species, possibly Mammiullaria karwinskiana, inasmuch as he reported it from Oaxaca as
well as from Guatemala. He referred here as a synonym M. viridis Salm-Dyck (Cact.
Hort. Dyck. 1849. 16. 1850), which may be the Mexican element.
40. Neomammillaria standleyi sp. nov.
Plants usually solitary, nearly globular, often 10 cm. in diameter, pale green, densely covered
with spines; axils of tubercles containing white bristles, the flowering and fruiting ones filled with
dense white wool; radial spines about 16, slightly spreading, white except the dark tips; central spines
4, longer and stouter than the radials, porrect, reddish brown; flowers rather small, about 12 mm.
long, purplish; inner perianth-segments oblong, entire; filaments pale; stigma-lobes green; fruit
scarlet, 12 to 16 mm. long; seeds brownish.
Collected by Rose, Standley, and Russell on rocks in the Sierra de Alamos, Sonora,
Mexico, March 14, 1910 (No. 12849).
It is common in dry stony places above Alamos, where both living and herbarium
specimens were obtained, and is an attractive plant flowering freely in cultivation.
The plant is named for Paul C. Standley of the U. S. National Museum.
Figure 93 is from a photograph of the type specimen which flowered in Washington.
Fic. 95.—Neomammillaria evermanniana.
41. Neomammillaria evermanniana sp. nov.
Globose to elongate-turbinate, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, lactiferous; tubercles closely set, terete,
nearly hidden under the numerous slender spines; axils of tubercles at first very woolly and setose;
spines white except at tip and there brown; radial spines 12 to 15; central spines 3, erect or nearly so;
fruit red, about 1 cm. long; seeds brown.
Collected by Ivan M. Johnston on Cerralbo Island, Gulf of California, 1921 (No. 4058)-
Mr. Johnston writes of it as follows:
“T found it growing wedged in narrow dirt-filled cracks on the canyon side of the island. It is
quite common on this island, usually growing singly, but one cespitose mass with 19 unequal heads
was observed.”
98 THE CACTACEAE.
The species is named for Dr. Barton W. Evermann, Director of the Museum of the
California Academy of Sciences, who organized the scientific expedition to the Gulf of
California in 1921, which obtained this as well as many other new and rare plants.
Related to this species, but perhaps distinct from it, is Johnston’s No. 3121 from
Nolasco Island, Gulf of California. It has fewer spines (about 10 radials and 1 or 2
centrals).
Figure 95 is from a photograph of plants from the type collection.
42. Neomammillaria parkinsonii (Ehrenberg).
Mammillaria parkinsonii Ehrenberg, Linnaea 14: 375. 1840.
Cactus parkinsonit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cespitose, somewhat depressed to cylindric, 15 cm. high, 7.5 cm. in diameter, globose, glaucous,
green; axils of tubercles lanate and setose; tubercles milky, short, conic; radial spines numerous
(20 or more), setaceous, short, white; central spines 2 or sometimes 4 or 5, brownish at tip; flowers
surrounded by a mass of wool, small, yellowish; inner perianth-segments apiculate; stigma-lobes
elongated; fruit clavate, scarlet, 1 cm. long; seeds brown.
Type locality: At San Onofre in the Mineral del Doctor, Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
We have a photograph, identified as this plant, sent us by L. Quehl in 1921, and also
specimens which are like this photograph, collected by Dr. Rose near Higuerillas, Querétaro,
Mexico, in 1905 (No. 9798).
The plant was named for John Parkinson, at one time British Consul-General in
Mexico, who died in Paris, April 3, 1847.
Mammillaria parkinsonii rubra (Forster, Handb. Cact. 196. 1846) is only a name.
Mammillaria parkinsoni waltonit we do not know, although it is frequently referred
to in cactus literature. Haage and Schmidt offer it for sale in their catalogue (1920) under
the name of I. waltonzi Quehl.
Illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for March, as Wammillaria waltoni1; Gartenwelt 14:
232; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 15; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden
Kakteen 39, as VM. parkinsonit.
Figure 94 is from a photograph sent by L. Quehl.
43. Neomammillaria geminispina (Haworth).
Mammullaria geminispina Haworth in Gillies, Phil. Mag. 63: 42. 1824.
Mammillaria bicolor Lehmann, Samen. Hamb. Gartz. 7. 1830.
Mammillaria nivea Wendland in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 27. 1837.
Mammillaria daedalea Scheidweiler, Hort. Belge 4: 16. 1837.
Mammullaria toaldoae Lehmann, Linnaea 12:13. 1838.
Mammillaria eburnea Miquel, Linnaea 12:14. 1838.
Mammillaria nivea daedalea Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. tor. 1839.
Mammiullaria nobilis Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840.
Mammillaria bicolor longispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844.6. 1845.
Mammillaria bicolor cristata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844.6. 1845.
Mammiullaria bicolor nobilis Forster, Handb. Cact. 198. 1846.
Cactus geminispinus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus niveus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus nobilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891. Not Lamarck, 1783.
Mammullaria bicolor nivea Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 569. 1898.
Cespitose, or single in cultivation, cylindric, somewhat glaucous; axils woolly; tubercles terete,
conic; radial spines numerous (16 to 20), very short, setaceous, white; central spines 2 to 4, stouter
and longer than the radials, about 25 mm. long, black-tipped; flowers dark red; inner perianth-
segments oblong, obtuse, serrate.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: North-central Mexico.
Mammillaria daedalea, which is referred here by Schumann, is based on an abnormal
specimen which has elongated, contorted stems and looks very unlike the typical plant.
Scheidweiler illustrated his species.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 99
Mammillaria nivea cristata Salm-Dyck (Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 270. 1843) is only a
name. IM. nivea wendleit Pfeiffer (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 57. 1853) was given as a
synonym of WM. bicolor.
To this relationship we would refer the plant which has long been known in collections
under the name of Mammiullaria potosina* and M. potosina var. longispina. It resembles
M. celsiana in the spines, but the tubercles are milky and the stem is more elongated.
We have seen the following illustration: Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 9,
as M. potosina.
De Candolle (Prodr. 3: 459. 1828) referred here Cactus columnaris Mocifio and Sessé.
Fic. 96.—Neomammillaria collinsii, Fic. 97.—Neomammiillaria geminispina.
Illustrations: Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 11: pl. 3, in part, as Mammillaria nobilis; Hort.
Belge 4: pl. 1, as MZ. daedalea; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 4, as M.
bicolor nobilis; Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for March, as VW. nivea cristata; Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for
March, as M. nivea longispina; Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 3; De Laet,
Cat. Gén. f. 50, No. 8; Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 29: f. 22, No. 8; Knippel, Kakteen pl. 19, as
M. bicolor.
Plate v, figure 3, shows a flowering plant sent by Carl Ackerman which flowered in the
New York Botanical Garden, October 9, 1920; plate vu, figure 5, shows a plant which
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, November 11, 1911. Figure 97 is from a
photograph by Ernest Braunton showing a plant grown in southern California.
44. Neomammillaria pyrrhocephala (Scheidweiler).
Mammillaria pyrrhocephala Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9: 42. 1841.
Mammillaria mallettiana Cels, Portef. Hort. 2: 222.
Mammillaria senckei} Forster, Handb. Cact. 227. 1846.
Mammillaria pyrrhocephala donkelaerit Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 17, 121. 1850.
Cactus pyrrhocephalus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cylindric; axils lanate and setose; tubercles angled, green or subglaucous; areoles bearing yel-
lowish wool; spines all black when young, when old becoming gray below; radial spines 6, spreading,
the upper ones a little longer; central spines single, erect; flowers red.
Type locality: Real del Monte, Mexico.
Distribution: Hidalgo and, perhaps, Oaxaca.
* This name is sometimes credited to Rebut (MO6llers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475: 1910) but if he published
it we are unaware of it.
{ This was originally written M. senkiz, although the plant was named for F. Senke of Leipzig.
100 THE CACTACEAE.
We have followed Schumann and others who refer this species also to Oaxaca but the
plants from that state may represent more than one species. In fact, the plant figured in
Blithende Kakteen we have described as new (see No. 50), while the one illustrated by Mr.
H. H. Thompson is like others sent by Dr. Reko and Professor Conzatti, which we have
referred here.
Illustration: Thompson, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 262: pl. 2, f. 2, as
Mammiullaria pyrrhocephala.
Figure 100 is from a photograph of the plant sent to Washington by Dr. Reko from
Oaxaca in 1919.
45. Neomammillaria woburnensis (Scheer).
Mammillaria woburnensis* Scheer, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 136. 1845.
Cactus woburnensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammiullaria chapinensis Eichlam and Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 1. 1909.
Fic. 98.—Neomammillaria woburnensis. Fic. 99.—Neomammiillaria chinocephala.
Growing in clumps, giving off new plants from all parts of the body, globose to cylindric, dull
green, milky; tubercles angled, setose and woolly in their axils; radial spines 5 to 9, yellowish or
white; central spines 1 to 8, often long, reddish or yellow; flowers yellow, small, about 1 cm. long;
fruit red, clavate, 18 to 25 mm. long; seeds minute, brown.
Type locality: Guatemala.
Distribution: Guatemala.
For a long time little was known about this plant, but a few years ago it was discovered
in abundance by Wm. R. Maxon (1905) and by F. Eichlam (1908). It was given a new
name, Mammullaria chapinensis, under which it is to be found in most collections.
The plant was described by Frederick Scheer from a barren specimen in the Royal
Botanical Garden at Kew, sent from Guatemala. It was named for Woburn Abbey,
where there was once a very large collection of cacti under the care of James Forbes.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 87; Succulenta 4: 40; Modllers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 12, as Mammiullaria chapinensts.
Figure 98 is from a photograph of a plant sent to Washington by F. Eichlam in 1908.
* This name was originally printed by Scheer as Mamullaria voburnensis.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. IOI
46. Neomammillaria collinsii sp. nov.
Plants becoming large clumps, the individuals globose, 4 cm. in diameter; tubercles terete,
milky, green, but becoming bronzed or even a deep purple; axils of tubercles both lanate and setose;
radial spines usually 7, pale yellowish below, with dark brown or blackish tips, subequal, 5 to 7 mm.
long; central spine 1, similar to or a little longer and usually darker than the radials; flowers 12 to
15 mm. long; outer perianth-segments reddish with a yellowish margin, ciliate; inner perianth-
segments lighter, entire, acuminate; fruit clavate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, deep red; seeds brownish.
Collected by G. N. Collins at San Gerénimo, near Tehuantepec, Mexico, December
1906, and flowered in Washington, July and August 1909, type, and near the same locality
by A. Groeschner, February 1923.
Figures 96 and 103 are from photographs showing the type plant in flower and fruit.
47. Neomammillaria chinocephala (J. A. Purpus).
Mammillaria chinocephala J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 41. 1906.
Plant-body globose, sometimes 8 cm. in diameter, almost hidden by the white spines; tubercles
very milky; axils of tubercles densely filled with white wool and numerous hair-like bristles; tubercles
low; radial spines 35 to 40, somewhat pectinate, spreading; central spines 2 to 7, more or less diver-
gent, much stouter than the radials, rigid, white with brownish tips; flowers 1 cm. long, rose-red;
fruit clavate, red; seeds small, brown.
Type locality: Sierra de Parras, Coahuila, Mexico.
Distribution: Highlands of central Mexico.
This species is common in collections, both living and dried, and it is surprising that it
remained so long undescribed. It was distributed by Pringle in 1890 as Mammillaria
acanthophlegma. It resembles very much a large plant of Mammiullaria elegans, but the
tubercles are milky and bear setae in their axils.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 43; 20: 46, as Mammiullaria chinocephala.
Figure 99 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. Purpus at Minas de San
Rafael, Mexico, in 1910.
48. Neomammillaria tenampensis sp. nov.
Globose, light green, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles 6 to 7 mm. long, 4-sided, milky, pointed;
axils of upper tubercles naked, but those producing flowers filled with yellow wool and numerous
yellow bristles, while-in the older axils the wool disappears and the bristles become white; spines
4 to 6, brownish with dark tips, ascending, surrounded at base by 8 to 10 small white bristles; wool
in young spine-areoles yellowish; outermost perianth-segments small, brownish, the outer ones
lanceolate, acuminate, similar to the inner ones, all ciliate; inner perianth-segments reddish purple,
8 to 10 mm. long, lanceolate, apiculate, denticulate; stamens much shorter than the perianth-
segments; filaments pale below, purplish above; style reddish; stigma-lobes 4 or 5.
Collected by C. A. Purpus in the Barranca de Tenampa, Mexico, in 1909 and flowered
in Washington in November 1910.
Figure 102 is from a photograph of the type specimen.
49. Neomammillaria polygona (Salm-Dyck).
Mammillaria polygona Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck, 1849. 120. 1850.
Cactus polygonus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891. Not Lamarck, 1783.
Subclavate, 10 cm. high, simple; axils of tubercles lanate and setose; tubercles 4-angled; radial
Spines about 8, 2 or 3 upper ones minute, the 4 lateral ones and the lowermost one longer; central
spines 2, stout, brownish at tip, often long and recurved; flowers pale rose-colored; stigma-lobes
5 or 6, linear.
_ Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Mexico, according to Labouret.
Schumann lists this species among those unknown to him. Riimpler refers it to Wam-
millaria subpolyedra, but it must be related more nearly to VV. polyedra, with which it was
compared by Salm-Dyck. We know it only from descriptions.
102 THE CACTACEAE.
Mammillaria polyedra spinosior Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 17. 1850) is
usually referred here, but was never described.
Related to this species is the following:
MAMMILLARIA ECHINOPS Scheidweiler, Hort. Belge 5:95. 1838.
Simple, globose or a little broader than high, 8 cm. in diameter, lactiferous; tubercles ovoid,
light green, somewhat 4-angled, lanate and setosein their axils; radial spines 12 or 13, the upper three
much shorter, setose, the others about equal; central spines 4, stout when young, white, with rosy
brown tips, these black in age; flowers not known; fruit red, clavate, 8 mm. long.
Type locality: Mexico.
We have not been able to associate this description or illustration with any species
which we know. The author believed that it was related to Mammiullaria polyedra. The
setae in the axils of the tubercles suggest this relationship, but we believe that it is very
distinct from that species.
The original description seems to have been unknown to the compilers of the Index
Kewensis and to Schumann, for they refer the name to Forster's Handbuch, where it is
used as a synonym of another species. Forster, followed by the Index Kewensis, refers it
as a synonym of Mammiullaria oothele, which is a very different plant if we can judge from
the description.
Illustration: Hort. Belge 5: pl. 5.
50. Neomammillaria confusa sp. nov.
At first solitary, becoming cespitose, globose to short-cylindric, deep green; axils densely
white-woolly and setose; tubercles short, a little flattened, 4-angled, pointed; spines 4 to 6, all radial,
ascending, at first yellowish with brown tips, in age white below, 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers yellow, small,
about 8 mm. long, opening for 2 or 3 successive days; outer perianth-segments ovate, ciliate, with a
black tip; inner perianth-segments spreading, acute; filaments and style yellowish white; stigma-
lobes 6, greenish yellow.
In 1912 Dr. Rose obtained a plant from W. Mundt near Berlin which flowered in the
New York Botanical Garden in April 1914 and in 1918 and which we have designated as
the type. It is not known in the wild state, but is doubtless from Mexico.
This is the plant which Schumann described and figured as Mammiullaria pyrrhocephala,
but it does not accord with the original description.
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 20, as Mammillaria pyrrhocephala.
Plate v, figure 2, shows the type plant.
51. Neomammillaria villifera (Otto).
Mammillaria villifera Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 18. 1837.
Cactus villifer Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammiilaria carnea villifera Giirke, Bliihende Kakteen 1: under pl. 60. 1905.
Subglobose, proliferous; axils lanate and setose; tubercles angled; areoles at first lanate, in age
naked; spines 4, rigid, straight, the lowest one longer (8 mm. long), at first purplish, in age black;
flowers pale rose-colored; inner perianth-sgements 14, acute; stigma-lobes 4 or 5.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range not known.
The species is often referred to Mammiullaria carnea, but the axils are setose.
52. Neomammillaria polyedra (Martius).
Mammillaria polyedra Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 326. 1832.
Mammiullaria polytricha Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 10: 289. 1842.
Mammillaria polytricha hexacantha Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 10: 289. 1842.
Mammillaria polytricha tetracantha Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 10: 290. 1842.
Mammillaria polyedra laevior Salm-Dyck in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 105. 1853.
Mammillaria polyedra scleracantha Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 105. 1853.
Cactus polyedrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus polytrichus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 103
Solitary, cylindric or somewhat thicker above; axils of tubercles setose; tubercles 12 mm. long,
flattened dorsally, angled, pointed; spines 4, ascending, short, grayish with purplish tips; flowers
inconspicuous, reddish; inner perianth-segments short-acuminate; anthers white; style white, longer
than the stamens; stigma-lobes 8, greenish; fruit unknown.
Type locality: Near Oaxaca, Mexico.
Distribution: Southern Mexico.
This species was collected by Baron Karwinsky near Oaxaca City, about 1832. It
has been reported over a large area of central Mexico, but is doubtless much more restricted
in range. One small specimen from near the type locality was sent to Washington in 1909.
Fic. 100.—Neomammillaria pyrrhocephala. Fic. 101.—Neomammiillaria polyedra.
Mammillaria anisacantha Hortus first appeared as a synonym of M. polyedra anisa-
cantha Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 11. 1845) and then asasynonym of V. polyedra
laevior Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 17. 1850); neither of the varieties was here
described, but the latter was briefly characterized by Labouret. Mammillaria scleracantha
is cited from Monville’s Catalogue of 1846 but we have not seen this publication; it does
occur as a synonym of MV. polyedra scleracantha in Labouret’s Monograph, p. 105.
Illustrations: Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 18; Bliihende Kakteen 2: pl. 112;
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 271. f. 194, as Mammullaria polyedra.
Plate xu, figure 5, shows the plant sent from the Berlin Botanical Garden in 1914
which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden on April 1, 1918. Figure 1o1 shows the
type plant, being a reproduction of the first illustration cited above.
53. Neomammillaria conzattii sp. nov.
Short-cylindric, 8 cm. high, sometimes branched at apex, dark green, very milky; axils of young
tubercles bearing abundant white wool and conspicuous white bristles; tubercles short, 4 to 5 mm.
long, somewhat angled; young spine-areoles woolly; spines 4 or 5, all radial, somewhat spreading,
brownish, the tips usually darker than the bases; flowers opening in bright sunlight, white, campanu-
late, sometimes tinged with red, about 2 cm. long, the segments somewhat spreading, narrowly oblong,
the outer ones serrulate, apiculate; style pale green; stigma-lobes 3, white.
Collected by C. Conzatti on Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, in 1907 and flowered in 1913
(type); collected again in 1921 (No. 4140) and flowered in April 1922.
Figure 104 is from a photograph of the plant collected by C. Conzatti in 1921.
104 THE CACTACEAE.
54. Neomammillaria napina (Purpus).
Mammiullaria napina Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 161. 1912.
Roots thick, but when in a cluster of 3 or 4 somewhat spindle-shaped; plants globose, 4 to 6 cm.
in diameter; tubercles low, terete in section, not at all milky; spines all radial, ro to 12, pectinate,
white or yellowish, spreading and interlacing; flowers unknown.
Type locality: Mountains west of Tehuacan, Mexico.
Distribution: Southern Mexico.
The plant was collected by C. A. Purpus in 1911. In 1901 Dr. Rose collected near
Tehuacdn three small plants which we now believe are to be referred here; these differ
from the type plant chiefly in having usually one porrect central spine 5 to 8 mm. long.
Some of the spine-clusters have no central spines and then they look very much like
those of Neomammullaria napina. Dr. Rose’s plants were globose when collected but
now are cylindric, and after 20 years are less than 6 cm. high; they have never flowered.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 123, as Mammillaria napina.
Fic. 102.—Neomammiillaria tenampensis. Fic. 103.—Neomammnillaria collinsii.
55. Neomammillaria lanata sp. nov.
Small, short-cylindric; tubercles short, 2 to 4 mm. long; spine-areoles short-elliptic; spines 12 to
14, all radial, widely spreading, white except the brown bases; flowering areoles very woolly, the
young flowers surrounded by a mass of long white hairs; flowers very small, 6 to 7 mm. long, red;
inner perianth-segments about 15, oblong, obtuse or acutish, spreading above; stigma-lobes 3, short,
obtuse.
Collected by C. A. Purpus near Rio de Santa Luisa, Mexico, in 1907 and since grown
in Washington.
Figure 105 is from a photograph of the type specimen.
56. Neomammillaria kewensis (Salm-Dyck).
Mammillaria kewensis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 112. 1850.
Globose to cylindric, 3 to 4 em. in diameter; tubercles short, terete, when young short-woolly in
the axils and at the areoles; spines 5 or 6, all radial, 4 or 5 mm. long, brown with dark tips; axils of
tubercles bearing crisp hairs; flowers about 15 mm. long, reddish purple; perianth-segments lanceo-
late, acute; stigma-lobes 5, reddish.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Doubtless Mexico.
We have had a living plant from Haage and Schmidt and one from Quehl which we have
used in our description.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 105
Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 15. 1850) mentions Mammiullaria kewensis var.
albispina and also M. spectabilis Hortus as synonyms.
This plant was named for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Illustration: Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 3, as Wammiullaria kewensts.
Figure 106 is reproduced from a photograph sent us by L. Quehl in 1921.
57. Neomammillaria subpolyedra (Salm-Dyck).
Mammillaria subpolyedra Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 343. 1834.
Cactus subpolyedrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Solitary, subceylindric, 10 em. high, 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles pointed, strongly angled;
axils and spine-areoles white-woolly; spines 4, at first blackish purple, becoming paler but the tips
remaining purplish, the lowest one the largest; flowers 2.5 cm. broad; perianth-segments obtuse, erose,
with a darker midrib; fruit red, 2.5 cm. long, pyriform, 12 mm. in diameter at apex.
Fic. 104.—Neomammillaria conzattii. Fic. 105.—Neomammnillaria lanata.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: According to Riimpler, Zimapan and Ixmiquilpan, Mexico.
Some of the illustrations here cited do not correspond very well with the original
description. This species is listed by Schumann with those unknown to him, and it is
known to us only from descriptions and illustrations. ;
Mammullaria polygona Zuccarini (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 17. 1837) is referred here but
it was never described. Salm-Dyck afterwards used the name for a very different plant.
Mammillaria jalappensis and M. anisacantha are referred by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact.
17. 1837) as synonyms of M. subpolyedra.
Illustrations: (2?) Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 357. f. 37; (2?) Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4:
565. f. 39; Suppl. 518. f. 557; Watson, Cact. Cult. 176. f. 71; ed. 3. f. 48, as Mammillaria
subpolyedra.
Figure 107 is reproduced from the illustration used in Nicholson’s Dictionary.
58. Neomammillaria galeottii (Scheidweiler).
Mammiullaria galeottit Scheidweiler, Hort. Belge 4: 93. 1837.
Mammiullaria obconella galeottii Scheidweiler, Hort. Belge 4: 93. 1837.
Mammiullaria dolichocentra galeottii Salm-Dyck in Forster, Handb. Cact. 213. 1846.
Mammillaria dolichocentra phaeacantha Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 50. 1853.
106 THE CACTACEAE.
Solitary or cespitose, globose; tubercles pointed; spines 4, elongated, the upper ones erect and
connivent over apex of plant, on older tubercles weak and spreading, 2.5 cm. long, pale rose to
crimson.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico.
We have not seen this plant, but we have examined the illustration which accom-
panies the original description. L. Quehl has had it in cultivation, and sent us a photograph.
This must be a very distinct species and not at all closely related to Mammullaria
dolichocentra, to which Schumann referred it as a variety, crediting himself as the authority ;
the name, however, had been used by Forsterin 1846. The illustrations in Férster’s Hand-
buch der Cacteenkunde and in Nicholson’s Dictionary cited below probably are not to be
referred here and they certainly should not be referred to Mammillaria dolichocentra.
Mammillaria obscura galeottii Salm-Dyck (Forster, Handb. Cact. 213. 1846) is men-
tioned as a synonym of this species, but so far as we can learn it was never described.
Illustrations: Hort. Belge 4: pl. 6; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 37, as
Mammillaria galeotti1; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 323. f. 32; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 2:
321. f. 508, as Mammiullaria dolichocentra.
Fic. 106.—Neomammiillaria kewensis. Fic. 107.—Neomammillaria subpolyedra.
59. Neomammillaria tetracantha (Salm-Dyck).
Mammillaria tetracantha Salm-Dyck in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 18. 1837.
Mammillaria obconella Scheidweiler, Hort. Belge 4: 93. 1837.
Mammillaria dolichocentra Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 3. 1838.
Mammiullaria dolichocentra staminea Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 50. 1853.
Cactus obconella Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Cactus dolichocentrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus tetracanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria rigidispina Hildmann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 112. 1893.
Mammillaria dolichocentra brevispina Riinge, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 112. 1893.
Nearly globular, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter; axils of tubercles with scanty persistent wool; tubercles
8 to ro mm. long, obscurely 4-angled; areoles small, at first lanate, somewhat 4-angled; spines 4, all
radial, slender, the 3 lower equal, the upper one incurved, longer, 25 mm. long, when young all
yellowish white, in age grayish yellow or brown; flowers numerous from towards top of plant, small,
pinkish to rose-colored; inner perianth-segments narrowly lanceolate, acuminate.
Type locality: Mexico, but no definite locality cited.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
NEOMAMMILLARIA, 107
Schumann refers here Mammullaria longispina Reichenbach (Suppl. Terscheck Cact.
Verz.; see also Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 301. 1843) and WM. obconella Scheidweiler (Hort.
Belge 4:93.f.6. 1837), but we are uncertain as to their relationship. To the former Walpers
refers as a synonym M. galeottii Otto.
Mammillaria dolichacantha Lemaire (Forster, Handb. Cact. 213. 1846) and M. dolicho-
centra picta (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 9. 1845) were never described.
Illustrations: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 70: pl. 4060, as Mammiullaria tetracantha; Cassell’s
Dict. Gard. 2: 48; Karsten, Deutsche Fl. 887. f. 501, No. 2; ed. 2. 2: 456. f. 605, No. 2;
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 260. f. 182; Watson, Cact. Cult. 155. f. 58; ed. 3. f. 36; Lemaire,
Icon. Cact. pl. 5; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 558. f. 91; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2.
322. f. 31; Gartenwelt 9: 265; Lemaire, Cactées 37. f. 3, as Mammillaria dolichocentra;
Rey. Hort. 1861: 270. f. 72, as Mammullaria; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 54; Monats-
schr. Kakteenk. 3: 113, as Mammillaria rigidispina.
Figure 108 is a reproduction of the first illustration cited above.
60. Neomammillaria elegans (De Candolle).
Mammillaria geminispina* De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris1t7:30. 1828. Not Haworth, 1824.
Mammillaria elegans De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 111. 1828.
Mammillaria elegans minor De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 111. 1828.
? Mammiullaria elegans globosa De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 111. 1828.
Mammillaria acanthophlegma Lehmann, Del. Sem. Hamb. 1832.
Mammillaria supertexta Martius in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 25. 1837.
Mammullaria dyckiana Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 26. 1837.
Mammillaria elegans micrantha Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 100. 1839.
Mammillaria geminispina tetracantha Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 100. 1839.
Mammillaria klugii Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 2: 834. 1844.
Mammillaria meisneri Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 2: 834. 1844.
Mammillaria kunthii Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 2: 835. 1844.
Mammillaria splendens Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 242. 1849.
Mammillaria acanthophlegma decandolliit Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 9. 1850:
Mammiullaria elegans klugit Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 9. 1850.
Mammillaria acanthophlegma meisneri Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 9. 1850.
Mammillaria supertexta tetracantha Salm-Dyck in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 61. 1853.
Mammillaria acanthophlegma elegans Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 63. 1853.
Mammillaria acanthophlegma monacantha Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 63. 1853.
Mammullaria acanthophlegma leucocephala Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 63. 1853.
Mammullaria acanthophlegma abducta Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. Oe 1853.
Cactus acanthophlegma Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus dyckianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus elegans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891. Not Link, 1822.
Cactus kunthii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus klugia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus meissnert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus supertextus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Simple, obovate to globose, 5 cm. in diameter, somewhat umbilicate at apex; tubercles ovate,
naked in their axils, not lactiferous; spine-areoles tomentose when young; radial spines stiff, bristle-
like, 25 to 30, white, spreading; central spines 1 (sometimes 2 or 3), rigid.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
This species was based on Thomas Coulter’s No. 48 from Mexico but no definite
locality was cited. The type was not preserved nor is there any illustration extant of the
original. De Candolle may have had more than one species before him when he drew up
his description, for he described two varieties, one of which has bristles in the axils of the
tubercles, which are never found in Neomammiullaria elegans as we have treated it here.
Plants named Mammiullaria elegans are to be found in most collections of cacti, but the
name is often applied to several closely allied species. A plant from northern Mexico,
Mammiullaria chinocephala, resembles it very much but has milky tubercles. Other species
*Here De Candolle referred Cactus columnaris Mocifio and Sessé (De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 459. 1828), which
Schumann has inadvertently taken up as Mammiullaria columnaris Mocifio and Sessé (Gesamtb. Kakteen 565. 1898).
108 THE CACTACEAE.
which have passed as MW. elegans have recently been described as Mammillaria pseudo-
perbella and M. perbella.
Mammillaria supertexta caespitosa Monville (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 6.
1845) is only a name; M. supertexta compacta Scheidweiler (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 61.
1853) was given as a synonym of MW. supertexta tetracantha but may not belong here.
The name Mammiullaria leucocephala Hortus is given by Pfeiffer as a synonym of WV.
acanthophlegma. M. recta Miquel (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 63. 1853) occurs only as a
synonym for the same species.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 139; Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for February; Schelle,
Handb. Kakteenk. 261. f. 183; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 564. f. 92, as Mammiul-
laria elegans; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: pl. 3, as Mammiullaria geminispina; Cact.
Journ. 1: pl. for February in part, as MWammillaria supertexta; Méllers Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 25: 475. 1. 8, No. 24, as Mammiullaria dyckiana.
Fic. 108.—Neomammnillaria tetracantha. Fic. 109.—Neomammnillaria elegans.
Figure 109 is from a photograph of the plant grown in the Huntington Collection near
Los Angeles, California, as this species.
Of this relationship are the following:
MAMMILLARIA CONSPICUA J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 163. 1912.
Simple, cylindric to globose, not milky; spine-areoles small, short-elliptic, when young a little
woolly, in age glabrate; radial spines 10 to 25, rigid; central spines 2, a little curved; fruit red; seeds
I mm. long.
Type locality: Near Zapotitlan, Puebla, Mexico.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 37.
MAMMILLARIA MICROTHELE Miihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 11. 1848.
Cactus bispinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: ror. 1894.
Cespitose, many-headed; joints globose, small; tubercles when dry 6 mm. long, naked or woolly
in their axils; radial spines 22 to 24, white-setiform, spreading, 2 to 4 mm. long; central spines 2,
much stouter than the radials, 2 mm. long or less; flowers flesh-colored without, white within, small,
only 3 to 4 mm. long when dried; fruit clavate, 1o mm. long; seeds rather large, probably black.
Type locality: Not known but supposed to be Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 109
Our description is drawn from the original, supplemented by specimens in the Engel-
mann Herbarium obtained from Salm-Dyck’s garden in January 1857, which consist cf
two packets, one containing a few spine-clusters and the other several withered flowers
and nearly ripe fruits; these latter are labeled ““Baumann 857.’’ Engelmann and Coulter
compare this species with Mammiullaria micromeris but we believe that it is related to M.
elegans and its allies.
It seems to have been described from specimens of Haage of unknown origin but
supposed to be from Mexico; Coulter’s reference, on the statement of Budd, that it occurs
within the southern border of Pecos County, Texas, is to be doubted.
Coulter renamed Mammiullaria microthele because of an older Cactus mucrothele.
Martius used the name M. microthele in 1829 (Hort. Reg. Monac. 127) but without descrip-
tion. The names M. brongniartii Hortus, M. microthele brongniartit, and M. compacta
Hortus (not Engelmann, 1848) have been used (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 9.
1850) but without descriptions.
Fic. 110.—Neomammiillaria pseudoperbella. Fic. 111.—Neomammnillaria dealbata.
61. Neomammillaria pseudoperbella (Quehl).
Mammillaria pseudoperbella Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 188. 1909.
Mammillaria pseudoperbella rufispina Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 26: 94. 1916.
Solitary, or few together, globose to short-cylindric, very spiny, depressed at apex; tubercles
short-cylindric; radial spines 20 to 30, setaceous, white, short; central spines 2, one erect, the other
turned backwards; flowers small, purple; perianth-segments narrow-oblong, with an ovate acute
tip; style longer than the filaments, pinkish; stigma-lobes 3, obtuse.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
The flowers of this plant were not known when first described nor was its exact origin
known. An illustration of it was given. We have also received a dead plant from Bédeker.
This illustration and specimen seem to point to a species which has been frequently sent to
us from Oaxaca by Conzatti, Reko, and Solis. These plants from Oaxaca normally have 2
short, stout, divergent, central spines. In one specimen sent by Professor Conzatti in 1922
the central spines are often 2 and 4, with one of the centrals more elongated and those
near the top of the plant connivent.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 189, as Mammillaria pseudoperbella.
IIo THE CACTACEAE.
Plate xu, figure 1, shows a plant sent by C. Conzatti from Oaxaca, in 1921. Figure
11o is from a photograph of the type specimen.
62. Neomammillaria dealbata (Dietrich).
Mammiullaria dealbata Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 309. 1846.
Cactus dealbatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Globose to short-cylindric, glaucous, more or less depressed at apex but almost hidden by the
many closely appressed spine-clusters; axils of tubercles and young spine-areoles densely lanate but
in age glabrate; radial spines about 20, white, short, appressed; central spines 2, much stouter and
longer than the radials, sometimes 1 cm. long, the upper ones often erect, white below, brown or
black at tip; flowers small, carmine; fruit clavate, red; seeds brown.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico, especially on the pedregal about the City of Mexico.
We have referred to this species a plant which is very common in the Valley of Mexico
and which is known in collections as Mammillaria peacockit. The name, first used by
Riimpler (Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 286. 1885), was given as a synonym of Mam-
mullaria dealbata. It was offered for sale by Grassner as M. elegans dealbata (Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. February 1920).
Illustration: Grassner, Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 1912: 23, as Mammillaria peacockit.
Plate xu, figure 3, shows a plant from Mexico, sent to the New York Botanical Garden
in 1911. Figure 111 is from a photograph of a plant sent by Dr. Reiche from the Valley of
Mexico in 1922.
Fic. 112.—Neomammillaria haageana. Fic. 113.—Neomammillaria mundtii.
63. Neomammillaria haageana (Pfeiffer).
Mammillaria haageana Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 4: 257. 1836.
Mammiillaria diacantha Haage in Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 2:96. 1841. Not Lemaire, 1838.
Mammillaria haageana validior Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 54. 1853.
Cactus haageanus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Somewhat cespitose, the individual plants globose or somewhat elongated in age; axils slightly
woolly; radial spines about 20, radiating, white; central spines 2, a little longer than the radials,
black; flowers small, carmine-rose.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 26. 1837) refers here Mammillaria diacantha nigra which Haage
had listed in his Catalogue of 1836. Here Pfeiffer also refers M. perote (Allg. Gartenz. 4:
257. 1836) of gardens.
Illustrations: Dict. Gard. Nicholson 2: 321. f. 509; Cact. Journ. 1: 165; Knippel,
Kakteen f. 21; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 284. f. 29; Watson, Cact. Cult. 163. f. 62;
ed. 3. f. 39; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 262. f. 184; Riimpler, Sukkulenten 201. f. 114, as
Mammiullaria haageana.
PLATE XII
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
\
Hey
U .
’
NY
Flowering plant of Veomammillaria amoena.
Flowering plant of Neomammillaria polyedra.
M. E. Eaton del.
Flowering plant of Veomammillaria celsiana.
1. Flowering plant of Neomammillaria pseudoperbella.
Top of flowering plant of Neomammillaria spinosissima. 5.
6.
Flowering plant of Neomammillaria dealbata.
De:
3.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. IIl
Figure 112 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above. Nicholson recorded
the receipt of the plant figured by him from Haage.
64. Neomammillaria perbella (Hildmann).
Mammillaria perbella Hildmann in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 567. 1898.
+
Solitary or somewhat cespitose, depressed-globose, glaucous-green; tubercles short-conic,
their axils lanate; radial spines 14 to 18, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, setaceous, white; central spines 2, very
short (4 to 6 mm. long); flowers 9 to 10 mm. long, reddish; stigma-lobes red.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
We know this species from description only ;Schumann placesitnear Mammullaria donatit.
Fic. 114.—Neomammillaria donatii. Fic. 115.—Neomammuillaria collina.
65. Neomammillaria collina (J. A. Purpus).
Mammillaria collina J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 162. 1912.
Solitary, globose, 12 to 13 em. in diameter, somewhat depressed at apex; tubercles cylindric,
1 cm. long or less, woolly in their axils; radial spines 16 to 18, white, 4 mm. long; central spines 1 or 2,
longer than the radials; flowers rose-colored, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; fruit 2 cm. long, red.
Type locality: Esperanza, Puebla, Mexico.
Distribution: Puebla, Mexico.
We refer here specimens collected near the type locality in 1912 by Dr. C. A. Purpus.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 99; Grassner, Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 1914:
28, as Mammullaria collina.
Figure 115 shows a plant sent by Dr. Purpus to Washington.
66. Neomammillaria donatii (Berge).
Mammillaria donati Berge in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. 135. 1903.
Usually simple, stout and globose, but sometimes cespitose, glaucous-green; tubercles small,
conic, naked in their axils; radial spines 16 to 18, 8 mm. long, glassy; central spines 2, yellowish black,
10 mm. long; flowers reddish, 15 mm. long; style and stigma-lobes white.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico.
‘We do not know the exact type locality or distribution of this plant. It is now in the
trade and we recently obtained a specimen from Haage and Schmidt.
I1I2 THE CACTACEAE.
Figure 114 is from a photograph of the plant received from Haage and Schmidt in
1920, referred to above.
67. Neomammillaria mundtii (Schumann).
Mammullaria mundtu Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 141. 1903.
Solitary, so far as known, globose, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter; tubercles not milky, nearly terete,
dark green, rather short and stubby, their axils naked; spine-areoles circular, somewhat lanate when
young; radial spines 8 to 19, swollen at base, spreading or somewhat curved backward, 6 to 8 mm.
long, brownish when young, the tips usually darker; central spines 2, a little stouter and longer than
the radials, porrect; flower from toward the center of the plant, 2 cm. long.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants.
We know this plant from a specimen sent to Washington in 1921 by W. Mundt, in
whose honor the species had been named.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 142, as Mammullaria mundtit.
Figure 113 is a reproduction of a photograph sent us by L. Quehl in 192.
Fic. 116.—Neomammillaria celsiana.
68. Neomammillaria celsiana (Lemaire).
Mammiullaria celsiana Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 41. 1839.
Mammillaria muehlenpfordti Forster, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 49. 1847.
Mammillaria schaefert Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15:66. 1847.
Mammillaria schaefert longispina Haage, Hamb. Gartenz. 17: 160. 1301.
Cactus muehlenpfordtii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus celsianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus schaefert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
(2?) Mammillaria perringti Hildmann, Gartenwelt 10: 250. 1906.
Plant-body subglobose, becoming cylindric, 10 to 12.5 cm. high, 7.5 cm.-in diameter, deep
green; axils of tubercles woolly; tubercles conic, compact; spine-areoles small, round, woolly when
young; radial spines 24 to 26, about equal, white, setaceous; central spines 4 to 6, rarely 7, somewhat
longer than the radials, terete, rigid, pale yellow, more or less recurved and unequal, 8 to 16 mm.
long; flowers red; fruit described as green.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Southern Mexico.
In 1920 Professor Conzatti sent us two specimens from the District of Cuicatlan,
Oaxaca, which we refer here; these are the only plants of this species we have seen.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 113
According to Salm-Dyck, Mammiutllaria celsiana differs from M. rutila in its columnar
stem and in its spines.
Schumann refers Mammiullaria perringu to M. celsiana, while Hildmann claims that it
is possible that the two may be distinct, but we do not have the material at hand to
decide definitely.
Mammillaria lanifera Haworth (Phil. Mag. 63: 41. 1824; Cactus lanifer Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891) is referred here by Schumann; it is probably different but, if
not, the name has priority over M. celsiana. ‘To M. lanifera De Candolle (Prodr. 3: 459.
1828) refers Cactus canescens Mocifio and Sessé. MM. geminispina monacantha Lemaire
(Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 100. 1839) was supposed to be the same as VV. lanifera. Mammiullaria
polycephala Mithlenpfordt (Allg. Gartenz. 13: 347. 1845; Cactus polycephalus Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891) was referred by Schumann to WV. elegans, but it was described with
4 central spines. It seems to be related to MW. crucigera, which we have tentatively referred
to M. celsiana, which has yellow central spines, while both 1/7. polycephala and M. elegans
have white centrals.
Fics. 117 and 118.—Neomammillaria aureiceps.
Mammillaria supertexta dichotoma (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 9. 1850) is
based on M. polycephala.
Mammillaria crucigera Martius (Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 340. pl. 25, f. 2. 1832; Cactus
cruciger Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891) is related to this species, judging from the
description, but the illustration suggests that it is a distinct species. It was collected by
Karwinsky in Mexico, but he does not give a definite locality. It was unknown to
Schumann.
Illustrations: Gartenwelt 10: 250; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 29,
as Mammiullaria celsiana; Gartenwelt 10: 250, as Mammillaria perringit; ?>Mém. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Paris 17: pl. 4, as Mammillaria lanifera; ? Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 25, f.
2, as Mammillaria crucigera.
Plate xu, figure 6, shows a plant in the New York Botanical Garden which flowered
October 16, 1911. Figure 116 is from a photograph of two plants sent by Professor Con-
zatti in 1920.
II4 THE CACTACEAE.
69. Neomammillaria aureiceps (Lemaire).
Mammillaria auretceps Lemaire, Cact. Alig. Nov. 8. 1838.
Mammillaria rhodantha aureiceps Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844.7. 1845.
Cactus aureiceps Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Globose to short-oblong, 8 to 10 em. in diameter; tubercles short, terete in section, woolly and
setose in their axils; radial spines about 20, bristle-like, white, 5 to 8 mm. long, spreading; central
spines several, sometimes as many as 9, yellow, stouter and longer than the radials, 10 to 14 mm. long,
somewhat spreading and a little curved inward; flowers small, dark red.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Valley of Mexico.
Our description is based on specimens recently sent us by Dr. Karl Reiche as A/am-
millaria rhodantha, under which name it usually passes. 7. rhodantha, however, has dif-
ferent spines and is more strictly a mountain species.
Plate rx, figure 3, shows a plant sent from the Edinburgh Botanical Garden in 1902 as
Mammillaria rhodantha which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, October 15,
1912. Figures 117 and 118 give two views of this plant sent us by,Dr. Reiche from the
Valley of Mexico.
Fic. 119.—Neomammillaria yucatanensis. Fic. 120.—Neomammiillaria ruestii.
70. Neomammillaria yucatanensis sp. nov.
Plants in clumps of 4, erect, cylindric, not milky, 10 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, very
spiny; tubercles conic, woolly in their axils but not setose; radial spines about 20, white, spreading,
acicular; central spines 4 or rarely 5, much stouter than the radials, 6 to 8 mm. long, slightly spread-
ing above, yellowish brown; “flowers very small, rose; fruit oblong, bright red.”
Collected by George F. Gaumer at Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico, in 1918 (No. 23939)
and again in 1921 (No. 24367, type).
We have not seen this species in flower or fruit but Dr. Gaumer has described them as
above. He says that the plant is rare on the land side of the coastal marshes.
Figure 119 is from a photograph of the plant sent in 1921 by Dr. Gaumer.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. I15
71. Neomammillaria ruestii (Quehl).
Mammillaria ruestit Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 173. 1905.
Mammillaria celsiana guatemalensis Eichlam, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 59. 1909.
Cylindric, 6 to 7 cm. high, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter, light green, almost hidden by the spines;
axils of tubercles more or less woolly, at least when young; flowering areoles at first quite woolly;
radial spines 20 or more, white, glossy, 5 to 6 mm. long, spreading; central spines usually 4, sometimes
5, much stouter than the radials, yellow, swollen at base, ascending, 7 to 8 mm. long; flowers small,
sometimes almost hidden by the spines, 8 mm. long; inner perianth-segments about 25, lanceolate,
acute, pale purple, the margins almost colorless; filaments colorless below, purplish above; style
pale; stigma-lobes 4, linear, elongated, reflexed; fruit clavate, red; seeds brown.
Type locality: Honduras.
Distribution: Honduras and Guatemala.
We have had the Guatemala plant under observation for 14 years and it has both
flowered and fruited.
Figure 120 is from a photograph of a plant sent by Dr. A. W. Kellermann from
Guatemala in 1908.
Fic. 121.—Neomammiillaria pringlei.
72. Neomammillaria pringlei (Coulter).
Cactus pringlet Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 109. 1894.
Mammillaria pringlei K. Brandegee, Zoe 5:7. 1900.
Solitary, with long fibrous roots, usually globose, but sometimes depressed or short-cylindric, 6
to 16 cm. high, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter; tubercles dull green, terete, conic, 6 to 10 mm. long; axils of
tubercles woolly and setose; spines all yellow; radial spines 18 to 20, setaceous, spreading, 5 to 8 mm.
long; central spines 5 to 7, much stouter and longer than the radials, more or less recurved, 2 to 2.5
cm. long, those from the upper areoles curved over the apex of the plant; flowers deep red, 8 to 10
mmm. long; fruit borne in a circle near the middle of the plant, oblong, 12 to 15 mm. long; seeds small,
brown.
Type locality: Cited as San Luis Potosi, but doubtless Tultenango Canyon, state of
Mexico, according to Pringle, who collected the type.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
116 THE CACTACEAE.
Dr. Rose collected living specimens from the type locality some years ago but these
never flowered. In April 1921 we sent Dr. Reiche to the type locality and he obtained
thirteen beautiful specimens, one of which was in fruit.
Coulter (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 109. 1894) states that Cactus pringlei was near
Cactus rhodanthus sulphureospinus, which was based on M. sulphurea Forster.
Figure 121 is from a photograph of the plants collected at Tultenango Canyon in 1921.
73. Neomammillaria cerralboa sp. nov.
Cylindric, solitary, 1 to 1.5 dm. high, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter;
tubercles not milky, yellowish, terete, obtuse, closely set; spines
all yellow, very much alike, about 11, one usually more central,
the longer ones nearly 2 cm. long; flowers small, 1 cm. long or
less, forming a circle around the plant about 3 cm. below the top.
Collected by Ivan M. Johnston on Cerralbo Island,
Gulf of California, June 6, 1921 (No. 4038). The next day
on the same island he collected three more plants (No.
4053) which seem to be referable here, except that two of
them have hooked spines; Dr. Rose also collected on this
same island (No. 16877) in 1911 specimens with hooked
spines which are like Mr. Johnston’s plant. Whether this
plant has normally these two forms or whether the hooked-
spined one is a hybrid we are unable to determine.
Figure 121a is a photograph of the type plant, col-
lected by Johnston (No. 4038).
74. Neomammillaria phaeacantha (Lemaire).
Mammillaria phaeacantha Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Noy. Sp. 47.
1839. Fic. 121a. Neomammillaria cerralboa.
Mammullaria nigricans Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15:66. 1847.
Cactus nigricans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891. Not Haworth, 1803.
Cactus phaeacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Fic. 122.—Neomammillaria phaeacantha. Fic. 123.—Neomammiillaria graessneriana.
Globose or somewhat depressed, green; axils of tubercles woolly; tubercles conic, hardly, if at
all, angled; spine-areoles small, yellowish tomentose (probably so only when young); radial spines
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 117
16 to 20, white, setaceous; central spines 4, black, subulate, spreading or reflexed, the lowest one
longest; flowers from upper part of plant, dark red; perianth-segments oblong, acuminate.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
This species has not been recognized by recent writers, and while we have seen no
specimens we believe it deserves specific rank.
Schumann refers Wammiullaria nigricans definitely to M. rhodantha but, it appears to
us, without justification; the Index Kewensis has referred it, we believe properly, to VM.
phaeacantha.
Mammillaria phaeacantha rigidior (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 8. 1845) is
only a name.
Illustration: Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 23, as Mammiullaria nigricans.
Figure 122 is reproduced from the illustration cited above.
75. Neomammillaria graessneriana (Bédeker).
Mammullaria graessneriana Bédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 84. 1920.
Solitary, or becoming cespitose, globose, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter, dark bluish green, somewhat
depressed at apex; tubercles 4-angled, 8 mm. long, not milky, obtuse or truncate at apex, not setose
in their axils; spine-areoles circular, white-woolly when young, nearly naked in age; radial spines
18 to 20, acicular, 6 to 8 mm. long, white; central spines 2 to 4, stouter than the radials, spreading,
8 mm. long, reddish brown; flowers small, somewhat distant from the apex of the plant.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 85, as Mammiullaria graessneriana.
Figure 123 is reproduced from the illustration cited above.
Fics. 124 and 125.—Neomammiillaria spinosissima.
76. Neomammillaria spinosissima (Lemaire).
Mammillaria spinosissima Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 4. 1838.
Mammillaria polycentra Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 130. 1840.
Mammillaria auricoma Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 308. 1846.
Mammillaria polyacantha Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 265. 1848.
Mammillaria polyactina Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 266. 1848.
Mammillaria hepatica Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 267. 1848.
Mammillaria pomacea Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 267. 1848.
Mammillaria pulcherrima Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 249. 1849.
Mammillaria pretiosa Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 1'7: 250. 1849.
118 THE CACTACEAE.
Mammillaria caesia Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz.17: 251. 1849.
Mammillaria mirabilis Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 251. 1849.
Mammullaria pruinosa Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 261. 1849.
Mammiullaria seegeri Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 261. 1849.
Mammiullaria haseloffit Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849.
Mammiullaria herrmanni Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849.
Mammiullaria aurorea Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849.
Mammiullaria linkeana Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 308. 1849.
Mammiullaria vulpina Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 308. 1849.
Mammiullaria eximia Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 309. 1849.
Mammillaria isabellina Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 309. 1849.
Mammiullaria spinosissima brunnea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849.8. 1850.
Mammiullaria spinosissima flavida Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 8. 1850.
Mammiullaria spinosissima rubens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 8. 1850.
Mammiullaria herrmanni flavicans Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 8. 1850.
Mammiullaria seegeri gracilispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 8. 1850.
Mammillaria seegeri pruinosa Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 8. 1850.
Mammiullaria uhdeana Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 83. 1850.
Mammiullaria spinosissima hepatica Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 35. 1853.
Mammiullaria castaneotdes Lemaire in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 37. 1853.
Mammiullaria seegeri mirabilis Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 37. 1853.
Mammullaria sanguinea Haage jr. in Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 8: 276. 1883.
Mammullaria poselgeriana Haage in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 269. 1885.
Mammillaria pretiosa cristata Hildmann in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 273. 1885.
Cactus auricomus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus auroreus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 18g91.
Cactus eximius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus isabellinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus linkeanus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus mirabilis Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus polycentrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus pomaceus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus pretiosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus pulcherrimus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. - 1891.
Cactus spinosissimus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus vulpinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria spinosissima sanguinea Haage in Brandegee, Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 2: 976. 1900.
Mammillaria spinosissima aurorea Girke, Blitthende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammiullaria spinosissima auricoma Girke, Blihende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammillaria spinosissima eximia Girke, Bliihende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammullaria spinosissima haselofit Girke, Bliihende Kakteen 2: under pl.71. 1905.
Mammillaria spinosissima herrmannii Girke, Blithende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammiullaria spinosissima isabellina Girke, Blihende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammiullaria spinosissima linkeana Girke, Bliihende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammiullaria spinosissima mirabilis Girke, Bliihende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammillaria spinosissima pruinosa Giirke, Bliihende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammiullaria spinosissima pulcherrima Girke, Blihende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammiullaria spinosissima seegeri Girke, Blithende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Mammiullaria spinosissima vulpina Girke, Blihende Kakteen 2: under pl. 71. 1905.
Cylindric, 7 to 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 10 cm. in diameter, almost hidden under a dense covering of
spines; axils of tubercles setose;tubercles very short, 2 to 3 mm.long;spines brownish to red, usually
weak, hardly pungent; radial spines about 20, 1 cm. long or less; central spines 7 or 8, 2 cm. long or
more; flowers from the upper part of the plant, purplish, 12 mm. long; inner perianth-segments acute;
filaments much shorter than the perianth-segments, purple.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Mountains of central Mexico.
The above description is drawn from collections obtained in the high mountains
between the City of Mexico and Cuernavaca. There seems to be little doubt but that
they are the WZ. sanguinea Haage which Schumann refers to MW. spinosissima.
We are disposed to refer here Echinocactus spinosissimus (Forbes, Journ. Hort. Tour
Germ. 152. 1837). Forbes did not have much knowledge of the cacti but was the gardener
of the Duke of Bedford, who sent him to the Continent of Europe in 1835, where he obtained
many cacti and on his return to England published a list of them, sometimes with brief
descriptions. The names had been given to him by Pfeiffer and others who were studying
this family. As he published his list very promptly after his return to England many
naines appear there first or in the same year as in Pfeiffer’s Enumeratio. Mammillaria
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 119
spinosissima may have been in cultivation at the time of Forbes’s visit to Germany, for
it was published in 1838.
Illustrations: Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. £.8. No. 26, as Mammillaria posel-
geriana; Gartenflora 32: pl. 1111; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 2: 322. f. 510; Forster, Handb.
Cact. ed. 2. 271. f. 28; Watson, Cact. Cult. 172. f. 68; ed. 3. f. 46, as Wammillaria sanguinea;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475.{.8, No. 11, as Wammiullaria eximia; Mollers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 18, as Mammullaria spinostssima auricoma; Balt. Cact. Journ.
2: 150, as M. spinosissima brunnea; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 487. f. 21; Cact.
Journ. 2: 93; Blanc, Cacti 74. No. 1580; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 253. f. 174; Blithende
Kakteen 2: pl. 71, as Mammillaria spinosissima.
Plate xu, figure 2, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose at El Parque, Mexico, in
1906. Figure 124 is from a photograph of a plant sent to the New York Botanical Gar-
den by Frank Weinberg in 1906 as Cactus spinosissimus; figure 125 is from a photograph
of a plant sent by William Brockway from the mountains above the City of Mexico.
Fic. 126.—Neomammillaria densispina. Fic. 127.—Neomammillaria nunezii.
77. Neomammillaria densispina (Coulter).
Cactus densispinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 96. 1894.
Mammullaria pseudofuscata Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 114. 1914.
Globose, 6 to 10 cm. in diameter, entirely hidden by the dense covering of spines; tubercles
short and thick, green, not milky; radial spines 25 or more, slightly spreading, about 1 cm. long,
whitish or pale yellow; central spines 5 or 6, longer than the radials, 10 to 12 mm. long, the upper
half or third dark brown; flowers purple without, yellowish within, 1.5 cm. long; seeds obovate,
reddish brown, I mm. in diameter.
Type locality: San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Distribution: San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
We have had this plant in cultivation since 1912, specimens having been sent to
Washington by Mrs. Irene Vera from San Luis Potosi. Our plant is probably a part of the
type collection of Quehl’s Mammiullaria pseudofuscata, as Mrs. Vera wrote us that she had
sent specimens to Germany which had been identified as /. fuscata. Our plant has been
compared with Eschanzier’s specimen from the same locality which is the type of Coulter’s
120 THE CACTACEAE.
Cactus densispinus and we are convinced that they are the same; Coulter’s type is now in
the Field Museum of Natural History.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 115, as Mammiullaria pseudofuscata.
Figure 126 shows the plant sent by Mrs. Vera from San Luis Potosi.
78. Neomammillaria nunezii sp. nov.
Globose to cylindric, 1.5 cm. long, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter; tubercles closely set, short, terete in
section, setose in their axils; radial spines white, stiff, about 30, widely spreading; central spines 2
to 4, stout, ro to 15 mm. long, brown to nearly blackish at tips; fruit 2.5 cm. long, clavate, white or
tinged with pink; seeds small, brown.
Fic. 128—Neomammillaria nunezii. Fic. 129.—Neomammillaria rhodantha.
Collected by Professor C. Nifiez at Buenavista de Cuellar, Guerrero, Mexico, in 1921
(Nos. 1, 2 and 3), and communicated to us by Octavio Solis. This species is rather variable
in habit and spines and is very unlike anything that we have heretofore studied.
Figures 127 and 128 are from photographs of the top and side of two plants of this
collection.
79. Neomammillaria amoena (Hoppifer).
Mammiullaria amoena Hoppfer in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 99. 1850.
Stems robust, columnar; tubercles green, ovoid, obtuse, subglaucous; radial spines 16, slender,
radiating, white; central spines 2, rigid, yellowish brown, 8 to 1o mm. long, the upper one longer and
recurved; flowers appearing from axils above middle of plant, 2 cm. long; tube cone-shaped, green;
outer perianth-segments somewhat brownish; inner perianth-segments with a pale-brown central
stripe; margins nearly white, obtuse, entire; stamens short; filaments pale; anthers fed; style pale
green; stigma-lobes green, linear.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 121
Forster’s Handbuch (254. 1846) is often given as the place of publication, but while
the name is found in the place cited it is without description.
Plate xu, figure 4, shows a plant which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden
in 1912, sent from Cuernavaca, Mexico, by Wm. Brockway the preceding year. Figure
130 is from a photograph of a plant from the same collection which flowered in Washington.
Fic. 130.—Neomammillaria amoena. Fic. 131.—Neomammillaria plumosa.
80. Neomammillaria rhodantha (Link and Otto).
Mammullaria rhodantha Link and Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 51. 1829.
Mammillaria pulchra Haworth in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1329. 1830.
Mammullaria fulvispina Haworth, Phil. Mag. 7: 108. 1830.
Mammiullaria inuncta Hoffmannsegg, Preiss-Verz. ed. 7. 23. 1833.
Mammillaria erinacea Wendland, Cact. Herrenh. 1835.
Mammillaria chrysacantha Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 28. 1837.
Mammullaria fuscata Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 28. 1837.
Mammullaria tentaculata Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 29. 1837.
Mammiullaria rhodantha rubens Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 31. 1837.
Mammullaria rhodantha andreae * Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 31. 1837.
Mammiullaria rhodantha prolifera Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 31. 1837.
Mammillaria rhodantha neglecta Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 31. 1837.
Mammullaria rhodantha wendlandii Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 31. 1837.
Mammillaria ruficeps Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 37. 1839.
Mammiullaria odieriana Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Noy. Sp. 46. 1839.
Mammiullaria pyrrhochracantha Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 51. 1839.
Mammullaria rhodantha major Monville in Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 98. 1839.
Mammillaria pfeiffer: Booth in Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6: 93. 1839.
Mammullaria pferffert altissima Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6: 93. 1839.
Mammullaria pferffert dichotoma Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6: 93. 1839.
Mammiullaria pfeiffert flaviceps Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6:93. 1839.
Mammullaria pfeiffert fulvispina Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6: 93. 1839.
Mammillaria pfeifferi variabilis Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6: 93. 1839.
Mammiullaria crassispina Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 406. 1840.
Mammullaria stenocephala Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841.
Mammillaria imbricata Wegener, Allg. Gartenz. 12: 66. 1844.
Mammillaria crassispina gracilior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844.8. 1845.
Mammullaria rhodantha centrispina Link in Forster, Handb. Cact. 198. 1846.
Mammiullaria sulphurea Sencke in Forster, Handb. Cact. 200. 1846.
Mammullaria robusta Otto in Férster, Handb. Cact. 207. 1846.
Mammullaria tentaculata ruficeps Forster, Handb. Cact. 207. 1846.
Mammillaria stueberi Otto in Forster, Handb. Cact. 517. 1846.
Mammillaria fulvispina rubescens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 10. 1850.
aS)
">
m1
* Mammullaria andreae was used by Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 598. 1898).
122 THE CACTACEAE.
Mammillaria rhodantha sulphurea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850.
Mammillaria rhodantha ruficeps Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850.
Mammullaria chrysacantha fuscata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 12. 1850.
Mammullaria rhodantha rubescens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 97. 1850.
Mammiullaria odiertana rigidior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 98. 1850.
Mammullaria lanifera Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 98. 1850. Not Haworth, 1824.
Mammiullaria russea Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 19: 347. 1851.
Mammullaria odieriana rubra Sencke in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 295. 1885.
Mammillaria odieriana cristata Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 295. 1885.
Mammiullaria tentaculata picta Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 309. 1885.
Mammillaria crassispina rufa Riimpler in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 311. 1885.
Cactus chrysacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus crassispinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus fuscatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus odieranus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus pyrrhochroacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus rhodanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus ruficeps Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus stenocephalus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus stuebert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus tentaculatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus capillaris Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat: Herb. 3: 107. 1894.
Cactus rhodanthus sulphureospinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 107. 1894.
Mammillaria rhodantha pfeifferi Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 1808.
Mammullaria rhodantha rubra Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 1808.
Mammullaria rhodantha ruberrima Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 1898.
Mammullaria rhodantha pyramidalis Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 1898.
Mammiullaria rhodantha callaena Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 1808.
Mammillaria rhodantha crassispina Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 1808.
Mammillaria rhodantha droegeana Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 1898.
Mammillaria rhodantha chrysacantha Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 1898.
Mammiullaria rhodantha stenocephala Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 550. 18098.
Mammullaria rhodantha fuscata Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 551. 1898.
Mammilleria rhodantha odieriana Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 257. 1907.
Mammullaria rhodantha fulvispina Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 257. 1907.
Mammullaria rhodantha tentaculata Hortus in Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 257. 1907.
Cylindric, 1 to 3 dm. long, erect, dull green; tubercles terete, somewhat narrowed toward the
apex, 3 to 5 mm. long, not yielding milk when pricked; axils of tubercles sometimes bearing bristles,
often naked; radial spines 15 to 20, white, 5 to 7 mm. long; central spines 4 to 6, reddish brown,
straight, ascending, much stouter than the radials, 10 to 12 mm. long; flowers numerous, rose-
colored, 12 mm. broad; inner perianth-segments linear, somewhat spreading, pointed; filaments red;
stigma-lobes 4 or 5, rose-colored; fruit 2.5 cm. long, cylindric, lilac to red; seeds brownish.
">
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Probably central Mexico.
We have had this plant in cultivation but it has never flowered with us; however, it
is very distinct from anything else we know.
Mammullaria flaviceps is referred by Labouret to M. crassispina, now usually referred
to M. rhodantha.
Mammiullaria floccigera (and its variety longispina) Forster (Handb. Cact. 254. 1846),
as well as IZ. aurata and M. hybrida (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 31. 1837), are given by Schu-
mann as synonyms of M/. rhodantha, but none of them was described at the places cited.
Mammiullaria erinacea Wendland is unknown to us; it is referred to Mammiullaria
rhodantha by the Index Kewensis, but whether it was described or not we do not know.
Mammullaria fulvispina was said by Haworth to come from Brazil, while the Index
Kewensis refers it to Brazil and Mexico. If of this relationship, it is from Mexico.
Mammiullaria radula Scheidweiler (Férster, Handb. Cact. 208. 1846), referred by Schu-
mann as a synonym of this species, was given by Forster as a synonym of Mammiullaria
phaeacantha.
Mammillaria pyramidalis Link and Otto (Verh. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 6: 429. 1830),
given as a synonym of this species by Schumann, is only a name.
Mammillaria atrata Mackie (Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 65: pl. 3642. 1839) is also referred here
by Schumann. ‘The plant is supposed to have come from Chile and is probably referable
to Neoporteria, which see (Cactaceae 3:97. 1922).
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 123
Mammillaria pyrrhocentra Otto, its var. gracilior (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck.
1844. 8. 1845), and M. fulvispina pyrrhocentra Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 10.
1850) were referred as synonyms of M/. rhodantha by Schumann, but were not described at
the places cited.
Mammillaria aurea Pfeiffer (Férster, Handb. Cact. 200. 1846; M. rhodantha aurea
Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850) is referred here. We have found no
description of it. M. odiertiana aurea Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 7. 1845),
also undescribed, may be the same.
Mammillaria rhodantha cristata (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 292. 1885) is only an
abnormal form.
Mammillaria recurvispina Hildmann (Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 257. 1907) is given
without synonymy or description. M. rhodantha schochiana (M. schochiana Hortus) is
also given at the same place, but so far as we can learn has not been published.
Mammillaria tentaculata conothele Monville is given by Labouret (Monogr. Cact. 55.
1853) as a synonym of . stuebert, while he refers M/. tentaculata fulvispina (Monogr. Cact.
44. 1853) to M. fulvispina.
Mammillaria tentaculata rubra (Forster, Handb. Cact. 207. 1846) was given as a
synonym of WV. tentaculata ruficeps.
Mammiillaria olivacea was cited by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 180. 1837) as a synonym of
M. tentaculata.
Mammillaria neglecta was given as a synonym of WW. rhodantha neglecta by Salm-Dyck
(Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850).
Mammillaria rhodantha var. inuncta Hoffmannsegg was listed by Labouret (Monogr.
Cact. 45. 1853) as one of the synonyms of M. rhodantha. M.rhodantha rubra was given by
Riimpler (Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 292. 1885) asa synonym of . rhodantha ruficeps, but
afterwards was formally published by Schumann.
Mammillaria rhodantha celsti Lemaire (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 48. 1853) was given
as a synonym of W/. lanifera. It probably belongs to M. rhodantha. Cactus capillaris was
made by Coulter because of the older Mammiullaria lanifera of Haworth. Palmer’s plant
from Saltillo (1880), preserved in the Missouri Botanical Garden, is very different and sug-
gests that the labels have been mixed.
Illustrations: Knippel, Kakteen pl. 24; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 50, No. 9; Wiener Illustr.
Gart. Zeit. 29:f. 22, No.9; Haage and Schmidt, Haupt-Verz. Cact. 1912: 37; Link and Otto,
Icon. Pl. Rar. pl. 26; Gard. Chron. 111. 42: 290. f. 116; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 256. f.
179; Gartenwelt 12: 200; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 1, 1. f. 3; Mollers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 22, as Mammullaria rhodantha; Grassner, Haupt-
Verz. Kakteen 1912: 24; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 258. f. 181, as Mammiullaria rhodantha
pfeiffert; Grassner, Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 1912: 24, as M. rhodantha fuscata; Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk, 258. f. 180, as M. rhodantha fulvispina; Blane, Cacti 73. No. 1434; Cact. Journ.
1: 43, as WM. odieriana; Cact. Journ. 1: 43; pl. for February, as M. pfezffert; Edwards’s Bot.
Reg. 16: pl. 1329, as M. pulchra; Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19: pl. 16, f. 8, as Mammullaria
tentaculata.
Figure 129 is from a photograph of a plant obtained by Dr. Rose through W. Mundt in
1913, which is now growing at Washington.
81. Neomammillaria plumosa (Weber).
Mammillaria plumosa Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 804. 1898.
Small, growing in dense clusters sometimes 15 em. broad, entirely covered by the mass of white
spines; tubercles small, somewhat woolly in their axils, 2 to 3 mm. long; spines about 4o, all radial,
weak, plumose, 3 to 7 mm. long; flowers white, small, 3 to 4 mm. long; perianth-segments with a red
line running down the center; seeds black.
124 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Northern Mexico.
Distribution: Northern Mexico.
This plant for a long time passed in the trade under the name of Mammillaria
lasiacantha, but it is, of course, very different. It is a very striking species and differs from
all the others in its feather-like spines. We have had it under observation since 1907 and
it has only once flowered (1921).
According to Walton, it is called the feather ball on account of the feather-like spines.
Illustrations: M@ollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 16; Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk. 252. f. 173; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 3, f. 6; Haage, Cact. Kultur ed.
2. 189; Journ. Hort. Home Farm. 111. 60: 7, as Mammullaria plumosa; Cact. Journ. 1: pl.
for February, in part; Darel, Illustr. Handb. Kakteenk. 94. f. 76; Blanc, Hints on Cacti 70.
f. 1355; Blanc, Illustr. Price List Cacti 13, as WM. lastacantha.
Figure 131 is from a photograph, furnished by Dr. Safford, showing the spines.
82. Neomammillaria prolifera (Miller).
Cactus proliferus* Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. No.6. 1768.
Cactus glomeratus Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 537. 1783.
Cactus mammillaris prolifer Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 150. 1789.
Mammuillaria prolifera Haworth, Syn. Pl. Suce. 177. 1812.
Cactus pusillus De Candolle, Cact. Hort. Monsp. 184. 1813. Not Haworth, 1803.
Cactus stellatus Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Suppl. 30. 1813.
Mammiullaria stellaris Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 72. 1819.
Mammullaria pusilla Sweet, Hort. Brit. 171. 1826.
Mammillaria stellata Sweet, Hort. Brit. 171. 1826.
Mammiullaria glomerata De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 459. 1828.
Mammillaria pusilla major Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 36. 1837.
Cactus haworthianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Mammillaria pusilla haitiensis Schumann, Bliihende Kakteen 1: under pl. 46. 1904.
Low, growing in colonies often 6 dm. in diameter, the individual plants globose or cylindric,
3 to 6 cm. in diameter, of soft texture; tubercles conic, about 8 mm. long, spreading; axils of tubercles
with long, hair-like bristles; radial spines many, hair-like; central spines 5 to 12, much stouter than
the radials, with bright yellow tips, puberulent; flowers borne in old axils but toward top of plant,
small, yellowish white; inner perianth-segments erect, pale yellow, with brownish mid-rib, acute;
filaments pale rose-colored; anthers at first deflexed inward; style shcrter than filaments; stigma-
lobes 3, yellow; fruit crowned by persistent withering perianth, clavate, somewhat curved, 1.5 to 2
cm. long, scarlet; seeds black, pitted, a little depressed; aril white, triangular.
Type locality: West Indies.
Distribution: Cuba and Hispaniola. Loddiges reports it from South America,
doubtless in error.
At the United States Naval Station, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, the plant grows in low,
dry thickets and is quite inconspicuous but abundant.
Dr. Shafer referred to this species (Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 13: 139) as Mammariella,
without description or citation.
Burmann’s plate (201, f. 1) of this plant shows most of the tubercles without spines or
hairs but these have doubtless been omitted by the artist, for Plumier says (Cat. p. 19):
“ Melocactus minimus, lanuginosus et tuberosus.”
Haworth (Phil. Mag. 7: 114. 1830) would exclude Mammillaria pusilla (Mém. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris 17: pl. 2, f. 1) as figured by De Candolle. His illustration is evidently
faulty, but his description seems to answer our plant.
The name Mammillaria pusilla minor occurred in the Index of the Cacti in the
Botanical Garden of Berlin for 1829 (Verh. Ver. Beférd. 6: 429. 1830), but it is without
description. It is mentioned again by Salm-Dyck (Hort. Dyck. 156. 1834), who credits
the name to Otto, but he does not describe it.
* Otto Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891) publishes this binomial as Cactus prolifer. Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact.
g. 1837) uses this later binomial for another species, crediting it to Willdenow, but we do not find it used elsewhere.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 125
Mammillaria granulata Meinshausen (Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 264. 1858;
Cactus granulatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891) was described without the flowers
and fruit being known and it has never been identified. Meinshausen says that it has the
habit of M. pusilla, but he considered it different otherwise.
Cactus stellaris was given by Haworth (Suppl. Pl. Succ. 72. 1819) instead of C. stellatus
Willdenow.
Mammillaria pusilla cristata (Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 249. 1907) is probably only a
form.
Illustrations: Loudon, Encycl. Pl. 410. f. 6842, as Cactus stellaris; Loddiges, Bot. Cab.
I: pl. 79, as Cactus stellatus; Plukenet, Opera Bot. 1: pl. 29, f. 2; as Ficoides etc.; Dict.
Hort. Nicholson Suppl. 514. f. 547; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 1, vu, f. 7;
Rimpler, Sukkulenten 197. f. 110; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 73; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris 17: pl. 2, f. 1; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 2, f. 4; Blane, Cacti 74, No. 1500;
Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 87; Bliihende Kakteen 1: pl. 46; Ann. Inst. Roy. Hort.
Fromont 2: pl. 1, f. B; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 2. 255. f. 96; ed. 3. f. 45; Remark, Kakteen-
freund 15; Cact. Journ. 2: 6, as Mammillaria pusilla.
Figure 132 is from a photograph by Ernest Braunton of a clump of plants growing in
the Huntington collection near Los Angeles, California.
Fic. 132.—Neomammillaria prolifera. Fic. 133.—Neomammillaria multiceps.
ut
83. Neomammillaria multiceps (Salm-Dyck).
Mammillaria mulficeps Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 81. 1850.
Mammullaria multiceps elongata Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 27. 1858.
Mammillaria multiceps grisea Méinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz.1: 27. 1858.
Mammillaria multiceps humilis Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 27. 1858.
Mammiullaria multiceps per pusilla Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1:27. 1858.
Mammillaria pusilla texana Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 5. 1859.
Mammillaria texana Poselger in Young, Fl. Texas. 279. 1873.
Cactus multiceps Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus stellatus texanus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 108. 1894.
Cactus texanus Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 812. 1903.
Cespitose, often forming large clumps; separate plants globose to short-oblong, often only 1 to
2 cm. in diameter; tubercles small, terete, hairy in their axils; radial spines hair-like, white; central
spines several, pubescent, yellowish at base, dark brown above; flowers about 12 mm. long, whitish
to yellowish salmon, often becoming reddish on outside; fruit oblong, 8 to 12 mm. long, scarlet;
seeds black, 1 mm. long, punctate.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Texas and northeastern Mexico.
It is sometimes classified as a variety of Mammillaria prolifera, from Reh it differs
in having the central spines always brown-tipped instead of golden yellow; it is somewhat
smaller, with slightly smaller seeds.
126 THE CACTACEAE.
Mr. Robert Runyon says that this plant forms clumps usually about 10 cm. broad,
but sometimes broader. It is never very plentiful but has a rather wide distribution, and
seems to prefer mesquite thickets where the soil is very rich, but occasionally is found on
rocky hillsides.
Mammillaria pusilla mexicana, offered for sale by Grassner (Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
February 1920), probably belongs here.
Mammullaria caespititia Hortus was referred by Salm-Dyck as a synonym of M.
multiceps. M. pusilla caespititia (Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 249. 1907) is the same.
Mammullania parvissima Karwinsky (Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 27. 1858) is some-
times credited to Meinshausen, but seems never to have been described. M. perpusilla
Meinshausen, given only as a synonym, belongs here and the name occurs on the page
mentioned above.
Fic. 134.—Neomammillaria multiceps.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 5; Cact. Journ. 2: 93; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed.
2. 262. f. 25; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 249. f. 168, as Mammiullaria pusilla texana.
Plate xiv, figure 5, shows a very small plant in flower, collected by Robert Runyon
near Brownsville, Texas, in 1921; figure 6 shows a plant received from the Missouri Botan-
ical Garden in 1904 which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in March 1912.
Figure 134 is from a photograph of a plant collected near Victoria, Mexico, by Dr. Edward
Palmer, which was grown for many years in Washington; figure 1 33 § shows a small plant
photographed by Robert Jaana on July 10, 1921.
84. Neomammillaria camptotricha (Dams).
Mammullaria camptotricha Dams, Gartenwelt 10:14. 1905.
Plants globose, cespitose, deep green, 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles somewhat elongated, often
curved, 2 cm. long, terete, not at all milky, bearing bristles in the axils; spines 2 to 4, described as
up to as many as 8, yellowish, bristle-like, spreading and twisted or bent, often 3 cm. long; spine-
areoles small, circular, a little woolly at first; axils of tubercles bristly; flowers small, about 1 cm.
long; outer perianth-segments greenish; inner perianth-segments white, 10 mm. long, acute.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 127
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Deserts of eastern Querétaro, Mexico.
This plant was collected by Rose and Painter between Higuerillas and San Pablo,
August 23, 1905 (No. 11536), and flowered in Washington on October 3, 1905. In 1913
L. Quehl of Halle sent us some flowers of this species.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 151; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8,
No. 6, as Mammiullaria cam ptotricha.
Figure 135 is from a photograph of the plant collected by Dr. Rose in 1905.
85. Neomammillaria eriacantha (Link and Otto).
Mammillaria eriacantha Link and Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 32. 1837.
Cactus eriacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Solitary or cespitose, ro to 15 em. high, cylindric, 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles spiraled, in 22
rows; radial spines about 20, delicate, spreading, pubescent; central spines 2, widely spreading,
stouter than the radials, also pubescent, yellowish; flowers borne in a ring above the middle of the
plant, yellow, 14 mm. broad; inner perianth-segments about 14, linear, acute; stigma-lobes 4;
fruit at first greenish white, afterwards tinged with red, short-clavate.
Fic. 135.—Neomammillaria camptotricha. Fic. 136.—Neomammillaria schiedeana.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
A plant, collected by McDowell, was seen in the collection of the Instituto Medico
Nacional in the City of Mexico, but no specimen was obtained.
Mammullaria columbiana Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 99. 1850) is probably
to be referred here. It is doubtless of Mexican rather than of Colombian origin.
Mammiullaria eriantha (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 32. 1837), referred here by Pfeiffer, was
never described.
Mammiullaria cylindracea De Candolle (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 111. 1828)
is referred here by Schumann and also by Pfeiffer and Otto, but the description of it would
suggest a different species. Kuntze changes the name to Cactus cylindraceus (Rev. Gen.
Pl. 1: 260. 1891). Here is also referred Mammillaria cylindrica flavispina (Labouret,
Monogr. Cact. 88. 1853).
Illustrations: Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 25; Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk. 256. f. 178, as Mammiullaria eriacantha.
Figure 138 is a reproduction of the first illustration above cited.
128 THE CACTACEAE.
86. Neomammillaria schiedeana (Ehrenberg).
Mammillaria schiedeana Ehrenberg in Schlechtendal, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 249. 1838.
? Mammullaria sericata Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 44. 1839.
Cactus schiedianus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammullaria dumetorum J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 149. 1912.
? Mammillaria cephalophora Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24:158. 1914. Not Salm-Dyck, 1850.
Densely cespitose, somewhat soft in texture; axils of tubercles bearing long bristle-like white
hairs; tubercles green, terete; radial spines about 30, white, spreading, bristle-like, puberulent;
central spines 6 to 10, spreading and appressed against the radials, a little stouter, often tinged with
yellow; flowers 15 mm. long; inner perianth-segments white; fllaments white; style cream-colored;
stigma-lobes 4, short, obtuse.
Type locality: Near Puente de Dios, Mexico.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
The Index Kewensis refers Mammillaria sericata Lemaire to M. magnimamma.
Fic. 137.—Neomammillaria lenta. Fic. 138.—Neomammillaria eriacantha.
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 113: Bliihende Kakteen 1: pl. 13; Monats-
schr. Kakteenk. 8: 12; 13: 92, f. A, as Mammillaria schiedeana; Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
23: 89, as Mammillaria dumetorum; (2?) Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 158, as Mammillaria
cephalophora.
Figure 136 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. C. A. Purpus at San
Rafael, Mexico, in 1910.
87. Neomammillaria lasiacantha (Engelmann).
Mammillaria lasiacantha Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 261. 1856.
Mammullaria lasiacantha minor Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 5. 1859.
Cactus lastacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Globose, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter; tubercles small, their axils naked; spines 40 to 60, in more than
one series, white, puberulent, 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers 12 mm. long, whitish or pink; fruit 1 to 2 cm.
long; seeds blackish, pitted.
Type locality: On the Pecos in western Texas.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 129
Distribution: Western Texas and northern Chihuahua. Reported also from Arizona,
but doubtless incorrectly.
We have seen no specimens of NV. lasiacantha, except the type, but the following species,
first described as a variety of lasiacantha, is very common in eastern Texas and northern
Mexico. Possibly the two should be united, the typical form simply representing a juvenile
phase.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 3; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 522. f. 86;
Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: f. 56, A; Blanc, Cacti 70. No. 1335; West Amer. Sci.
13: 39, as Mammiullaria lasiacantha.
88. Neomammillaria denudata (Engelmann).
Mammiullaria lasiacantha denudata Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 5. 1859.
Cactus lasiacanthus denudatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 100. 1,894.
Mammillaria lasiandra denudata Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 79. 1909.
Globose, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. in diameter; tubercles 5 to 6 mm. long; spines 50 to 80, glabrous or nearly
so, 3 to 5 mm. long, the innermost usually much shorter; flowers and fruit from near the center but
not from the axils of young tubercles; flowers 10 to 12 mm. long; perianth-segments few, about 12,
oblong, obtuse, the margins white, the center light purple; stamens white; stvle and stigma-lobes
green; fruit clavate, red, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; seeds black with basal hilum.
Fic. 139.—Neomammillaria denudata. Fic. 140.—Neomammiillaria lenta.
Type locality: Western Texas.
Distribution: Western Texas and northern Coahuila, Mexico.
The flowers open about mid-day and close at night; in one case which we recorded the
flowers opened for six consecutive days.
Mammillaria rungit (Schumann, Gesamtb: Kakteen 522. 1898), an unpublished gar-
den name, was supposed by Schumann to be referable to WM. lasiacantha denudata.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 4; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8,
No. 21, as Mammiullaria lasiacantha denudata.
Figure 139 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Elmer Stearns in 1909, which
afterwards flowered in Washington.
89. Neomammillaria lenta (K. Brandegee).
Mammullaria lenta K. Brandegee, Zoe 5: 194. 1904.
Described as cespitose; individuals globose to short-cylindric, almost hidden by the white
delicate spines; tubercles very slender, light green; spine-areoles.naked ; spines about 40, very fragile;
axils woolly and occasionally bearing a single bristle; flowers whitish, 7 mm. long; perianth-segments
pointed; fruit red, clavate; seeds 1 mm. in diameter, dull black.
130 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Near Viesca, in Coahuila, Mexico.
Distribution: Coahuila, Mexico.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 40, as Mammiuillaria lenta.
Figure 137 is from a photograph obtained from L. Quehl in 1921; figure 140 is from a
photograph of a fruiting plant sent from Parras, Mexico, by C. A. Purpus in 1905.
90. Neomammillaria candida (Scheidweiler).
Mammullaria candida Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 496. 1838.
Mammiullaria sphaerotricha Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 33. 1839.
Mammillaria humboldtii Ehrenberg, Linnaea 14: 378. 1840.
Mammillaria sphaerotricha rosea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 85. 1850.
Cactus humboldtit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891. Not Humboldt, Bompland, and Kunth, 1823.
Cactus sphaerotrichus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria candida rosea Salm-Dyck in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 525. 1898.
Cespitose; individual plant globose, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, almost hidden by the white spines;
radial spines numerous, radiating; central spines 8 to 12, porrect, often brownish at tip, a little
stouter than the radials; axils setose; flowers 2 cm. long, rose-colored; perianth-segments serrulate
twards the apex; fruit red; seeds black.
Fics. 141 and 142.—Neomammiillaria candida.
Type locality: Near San Luis Potosi.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 141, as Mammiullaria candida rosea; Hort.
Belge 5: pl. 117; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 27; Bliihende Kakteen 3:
pl. 169, as Mammullaria candida.
Figure 141 is from a photograph of a plant obtained by Dr. Palmer near San Luis
Potosi in 1905; figure 142 is from a photograph of a plant collected by C. A. Purpus from
near the same locality in 1910.
91. Neomammillaria vetula (Martius).
Mammillaria vetula Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 338. 1832.
Cactus vetulus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plant somewhat club-shaped, small, 4 to 5 cm. high; tubercles terete, light green, somewhat
shining; axils of tubercles naked or sometimes with a small tuft of wool; radial spines about 25,
spreading, white, bristle-like; central spines 1 to 6, stouter than the radials, brownish; flowers 12 to
I5 mm. long, borne at upper part of plant; outer perianth-segments red with yellowish margins;
innet perianth-segments cream-colored; filaments greenish; style green; stigma-lobes 5, white.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 131
Type locality: San José del Oro, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Distribution: Hidalgo, Mexico.
The above description was drawn in part from a plant which flowered in Washington
on November 8, 1912, and which had been sent to us by L. Buscationi from Catania, Italy.
This plant gave off numerous young ones from the axils of the tubercles, but it has died.
Mammillaria vetula major Salm-Dyck (Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 270. 1843) is said to
be the same as MV. grandiflora Hortus. If so, this must be different from /. grandiflora
Otto, which we have referred to Neolloydia conotdea.
Illustration: Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 24, as Mammiullaria vetula.
Figure 143 is reproduced from the illustration above cited.
J Be Abe
MABE OOS SAS YR BESS
Fic. 143.—Neomammillaria vetula, Fic. 144.—Neomammnillaria discolor.
92. Neomammillaria fertilis (Hildmann).
Mammillaria fertilis Hildmann in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 503. 1898.
Cespitose, the individual plant globose to short-cylindric, dark green; tubercles arranged in 8
or 13 rows, a little woolly in their axils; radial spines 7 to 10, acicular, 6 mm. long; central spines 1 or
2, straight, stouter than the radials, 10 mm. long; flowers deep crimson, 2 cm. long; inner perianth-
segments linear-lanceolate, acute.
Type locality: Mexico, but definite station not given.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
We have not seen living specimens of this plant but L. Quehl of Halle had it growing in
1913 and sent us flowers which we have used in this description.
93. Neomammillaria decipiens (Scheidweiler).
Mammillaria decipiens Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 496. 1838.
Mammillaria anancistria* Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 39. 1839.
Mammillaria guilleminiana Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 48. 1839.
Mammillaria glochidiata inuncinata Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 102. 1839.
Cactus decipiens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus guilleminianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus ancistrius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Usually cespitose, deep green; tubercles soft, cylindric, about 1 cm. long, their axils bearing 2
or 3 bristles each; radial spines 7 to 9, spreading, slender, white, sometimes yellowish with brown
* Spelled M. ancistria by Walpers (Repert. Bot. 2: 296. 1843.)
132 THE CACTACEAE.
tips, puberulent when young; central spine 1, much longer than the radials, erect or ascending, 15
to 18mm. long, dark brown; flower-buds pinkish, acute; flower 15 mm. long, broadly funnel-shaped;
inner perianth-segments nearly white or faintly tinged with pink, acute; filaments white to pinkish;
stigma-lobes 4, white or pinkish, slender, filiform.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: San Luis Potosi.
The above description is drawn from plants growing in the top of Calibanus caespitosus,
a curious, globose, lilliaceous plant of the desert of central Mexico, sent by Dr. E. Palmer
from San Luis Potosi in 1905.
Schumann says that the axils of the tubercles are naked, while K. Brandegee describes
them as bearing bristles as in our plant and so called for in the original description.
In some plants one or two of the upper radial spines are brown like the central spine;
the flowers are delicately fragrant, remaining open during cloudy days. In cultivation
this is one of the earliest species to flower; in 1918 it began to bloom early in January.
Mammullaria inuncinata (Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 39. 1839) was never described
but belongs here. :
Mammiullaria ancistroides inuncinata Lemaire and M. deficum (Forster, Handb. Cact.
185. 1846), as synonyms, were referred here. MV. deficiens Hortus (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 1849. 7. 1850) is another name, used only as a synonym of this species.
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 528. f. 88; Knippel, Kakteen pl. 20; Schelle,
Handb. Kakteenk. 249. f. 169; Blanc, Cacti 68. No. 1200, as Mammiullaria decipiens.
Plate xiv, figure 3, is from a plant sent to the New York Botanical Garden by Wein-
berg in 1903, which flowered November 14, 1911.
94. Neomammillaria discolor (Haworth).
Mammillaria discolor Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. 177. 1812.
Cactus depressus De Candolle, Cact. Hort. Monsp. 84. 1813. Not Haworth, 1812.
Cactus pseudomammillaris Salm-Dyck, Liste Pl. Gr. 1:1. 1815.
Cactus spint Colla, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino 33: 133. 1826.
Mammiullaria pseudomammarillaris Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 3:57. 1835.
Mammillaria discolor prolifera Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 28. 1837.
Mammillaria albida Haage in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 28. 1837.
Mammillaria aciculata Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 29. . 1837.
Mammiullaria discolor monstrosa Monville in Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 99. 1839.
Mammillaria discolor albida Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844.7. 1845.
? Mammillaria curvispina Otto in Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 204. 1846.
? Mammillaria discolor pulchella Otto in Férster, Handb. Cact. 206. 1846.
Mammiullaria curvispina parviflora A. Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 204. 1846.
Mammillaria nitens Otto in Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 331. 1848.
Mammillaria pulchella Otto in Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 331. 1848.
Mammillaria discolor aciculata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850.
Mammillaria discolor curvispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850.
Mammullaria discolor nitens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850.
Mammillaria polythele aciculata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 15. 1850.
Mammillaria pulchella nigricans Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 40. 1853.
Cactus aciculatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus discolor Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus pulchellus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Globose or somewhat depressed, often solitary, about 7 cm. in diameter; tubercles ovoid-conic,
arranged in 13 to 15 spirals, their axils naked; radial spines 16 to 20, white, setaceous, widely spread-
ing; central spines about 6, stouter than the radials, straight, at first black with white bases; flowers
15 mm. broad when fully open; inner perianth-segments linear, white, with a violet-rose stripe;
fruit red, 2.5 cm. long.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Puebla, according to Schumann.
We have been unable to identify definitely this species. As there seems to be no type
preserved we must rely upon the short original description and the early illustrations. The
illustration of Loddiges (Bot. Cab. 17: pl. 1871) shows a plant with yellowish-brown spines
and must belong elsewhere.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 133
Mammillaria depressa was credited by mistake to De Candolle by Pfeiffer in Sistag the
synonyms of MW. discolor (Enum. Cact. 28. 1837).
Mammillaria confinis Haage, according to Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 28. 1837), appeared
in “‘Haage, Catal. Cact. 1836” and he lists it as a synonym of M. albida.
Mammillaria canescens Hortus (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 28. 1837) was given as a synonym
of M. discolor. This is different from M. canescens Jacobi (Allg. Gartenz. 24: 89. 1856)
which Schumann lists among his unknown plants. (See also Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov.
Sp. 99. 1839.)
Mammullaria coniflora Hortus and M. discolor coniflora Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850) are only names which belong here.
Mammiullaria discolor fulvescens Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 7. 1845) was not
formally published at the place here cited.
Mammillaria discolor breviflora (Forster, Handb. Cact. 206. 1846), although not
described at the place here cited, is usually referred here.
Cactus pseudomammullaris appeared simply as a name in 1815 (Desfontaines, Tab.
Bot. ed. 2. 191), and again in Pfeiffer’s Enumeratio (28. 1837) as a synonym of Mammil-
laria discolor prolifera. Pfeiffer credits the name to Salm-Dyck and gives the reference to
Allgemeine Gartenzeitung (3: 57. 1835), but the name appeared there under Mammuillaria
along with spimi and canescens. M. spinii, credited to Colla, is given by Salm-Dyck
(Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850) as a synonym of M. discolor.
Schumann lists Mammiullaria rhodacantha Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck 1849. 96.
1850) among his unknown species. M. rhodacantha pallidior (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 1844. 8. 1845) is only a name, while MW. discolor rhodacantha (Walpers, Repert. Bot.
2: 271. 1843), although never described, seems to be the same as MW. rhodacantha.
Illustrations: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: pl. 2, f. 2: Ann. Inst. Roy. Hort.
Fromont 2: pl. 1, f. A; Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 17: pl. 1671 (?), as Mammillaria discolor; Mem.
Accad. Sci. Torino 33: pl. 11, as Cactus spini.
Figure 144 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above.
Fic. 145.—Neomammillaria fragilis. Fic. 146.—Neomammillaria elongata.
95. Neomammillaria fragilis (Salm-Dyck).
Mammillaria fragilis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 103. 1850.
Stems usually oblong or club-shaped, sprouting freely towards the top; branches globose and
breaking off at the slightest touch; tubercles bright green, terete, their axils nearly naked; radial
spines 12 to 14, white, naked, spreading; central spines usually wanting, especially on branches, if
present 1 or 2, elongated, erect, brownish especially at tip; young spine-areoles with white wool;
flowers from upper part of plant but not from center, small, lasting for several days; cream-colored
with outer segments somewhat pinkish; petals broad with a mucronate tip; filaments and style pale.
134 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Doubtless Mexico, but not known from wild plants.
Mrs. K. Brandegee, some years ago (Zoe 5: 9. 1900), called attention to the fact that
this fragile little plant did not answer Pfeiffer’s description of Mammiilaria gracilis and
that Salm-Dyck had suggested the very appropriate name of MV. fragilis, which we have
adopted here. The plant is known in the trade as Mammillaria gracilis pulchella, under
which designation we received plants from Haage and Schmidt in 1921.
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 552. f. 90 (?); Bliihende Kakteen 2:
pl. 68; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 2; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 19;
Gartenwelt 12: 333, as Mammiullaria gracilis.
Figure 145 is from a photograph sent us by L. Ourfehl. ,
96. Neomammillaria elongata (De Candolle).
Mammillaria elongata De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 109. 1828.
Mammillaria subcrocea De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 110. 1828.
Mammiullaria intertexta De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 110. 1828.
Mammillaria tenuis De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 110. 1828.
Mammillaria tenuis media De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 110. 1828.
? Mammullaria densa Link and Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 69. 1830.
Mammillaria echinata densa Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 6. 1837.
? Mammiullaria stella-aurata Martius in Zuccarini, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 101. 1837.
? Mammullaria minima Reichenbach in Terscheck, Suppl. Cact. Verz. 1.
Echinocactus densus Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 536. 1840.
Mammillaria tenuis minima Salm-Dyck in Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 272. 1843.
Mammiullaria subcrocea intertexta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844.13. 1845.
Mammillaria elongata intertexta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 12. 1850.
Mammillaria elongata subcrocea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck, 1849. 12. 1850.
Mammullaria subcrocea rufescens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 100. 1850.
Mammillaria stella-aurata gracilispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 101. 1850.
? Mammillaria anguinea Otto in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 101. 1850.
? Mammillaria subechinata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 101. 1850.
? Mammullaria rufocrocea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 102. 1850.
Cactus anguineus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus densus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus elongatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891. Not Willdenow, 1813.
Cactus intertextus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus minimus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus stella-auratus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus subcroceus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus subechinatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus tenuis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria elongata tenuis Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 520. 1808.
Mammillaria elongata stella-aurata Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 520. 1808.
Mammillaria elongata anguinea Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 521. 1898.
Mammullaria elongata rufocrocea Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 521. 1808.
Densely cespitose, forming small clumps, erect, ascending or prostrate, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1 to
I.5 cm. in diameter, almost covered by a mass of interlocking spines; tubercles arranged in a few
rows, usually in spirals, short, their axils naked; spines usually all radial but sometimes with 1 por-
rect central spine, yellow or with brown tips, more or less recurved, 8 to 12 mm. long; spine-areoles
pubescent when young; flowers at the upper part of the plant, white or nearly so, 6 to 7 mm. long;
perianth-segments about 12, rather broad, obtuse or sometimes apiculate.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Eastern Mexico.
Mammillaria supertexta rufa is referred to M. elongata intertexta by Labouret (Monogr.
Cact. 68. 1853).
Mammillaria caespitosa was first listed by De Candolle (Prodr. 3: 460. 1828). It
next appears in 1830 as a Synonym in a list of the cacti of the Botanical Garden of Berlin.
In 1837 Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 6) gives it as a synonym of MW. echinata densa.
The three varieties Mammillaria tenuis arrecta, M. tenuis coerulescens, and M. tenuis
derubescens were garden names in the Botanical Garden at Berlin, listed by Forster (Handb.
Cact. 240. 1846).
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 135
Walpers (Repert. Bot. 2: 272. 1843) records M. intertexta rufocrocea, but without any
description.
Labouret (Monogr. Cact. 67. 1853) records the variety M. stella-aurata minima
Salm-Dyck.
The two varieties of Mammillaria subcrocea, anguinea, and rutila (Walpers, Repert.
Bot. 2: 272. 1843) are without descriptions.
Mammillaria elongata rufescens Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 12. 1845) was
not described at the place here cited, while the variety straminea was a garden name
(Forster, Handb. Cact. 240. 1846).
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 519. f. 85; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl.
174, as Mammillaria elongata; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 247. f. 165, as W. elongata minima;
Blanc, Cacti 72. No. 1398, as M@. minima; Link and Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. pl. 35, as M.
densa; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 1. vit. f. 5, as /. stella-aurata; Curtis’s
Bot. Mag. 65: pl. 3646; Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: pl. 1523; De Candolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 1;
Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 2 and 3. 1201. f. 17359, as M. tenuis.
Figure 146 is from a photograph of the common form in cultivation.
Fic. 147.—Neomammillaria oliviae.
97. Neomammillaria oliviae (Orcutt).
Mammillaria oliviae Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 12: 163. 1902.
Globose to short-cylindric, up to 10 cm. high, simple or becoming cespitose, sometimes as many
as 8 together; tubercles ovoid, their axils naked; radial spines 25 to 36, snowy white or sometimes
reddish brown, slender, rigid, 6 mm. long, the upper ones shorter; central spines 1 to 3, the lower
one erect, rigid, white or tipped with chocolate brown; flowers about 3 cm. broad; perianth-segments
lanceolate, acute, magenta, the upper part of the margins and tip with a narrow band of white;
filaments deep magenta; style light pink; stigma-lobes olive-green; fruit scarlet, clavate, up to 2.5
em. long; seeds small, black.
Type locality: West of Vail, a flag station on the Southern Pacific Railroad, near
Tucson, Arizona.
Distribution: Mountains and deserts of Arizona.
Our description of the flowers is drawn from the notes and photograph of F. E.
Lloyd’s specimen sent us from Oro Blanco Mountains, Arizona. This is the only record we
have had of this plant blooming, but fruiting plants were collected by C. R. Orcutt in 1922
(No. 802). It was first collected in considerable quantity by Mr. Orcutt, but his supply
soon died out and most of the skeletons were sent to the U. S. National Herbarium, where
136 THE CACTACEAE.
they are now preserved. In April 1921 Mr. Vernon Bailey rediscovered the species in
Arizona and sent in a number of living specimens, but none has yet flowered. Mr. Orcutt
reports that he has collected specimens which have hooked spines.
Mr. Orcutt dedicated this species to his wife, Mrs. Olivia Orcutt.
Figure 147 is from a photograph of two plants sent by Mr. Vernon Bailey from
Continental, Arizona, in 1920.
98. Neomammnillaria echinaria (De Candolle).
Mammullaria echinaria De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 110. 1828.
Mammiullaria echinata De Candolle, Mém. Cact. 3. 1834.
Mammiullaria gracilis Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 275. 1838.
Cactus echinaria Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus gracilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891. Not Miller, 1770.
Mammullaria elongata echinata Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 521. 1898.
Plants cespitose, often forming large clumps, ascending or spreading, about 1 dm. long, 1 to 1.5
cm. in diameter; tubercles short, terete, their axils naked; spines pale yellow to glassy white; radial
spines about 15, spreading; central spine one, straight, acicular, about 1 cm. long; flowers and fruit
not known.
Fic. 149.—Neomamiunillaria rekoi.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Hidalgo, Mexico.
The above description is based on a plant collected by Dr. Rose in 1905 near Ixmi-
quilpan, and this we have had growing ever since.
The two varieties of Mammillaria echinata, gracilior Ehrenberg and pallida, published
by Forster (Handb. Cact. 239. 1846), are probably only forms of the species.
The varieties of Mammillaria gracilis may or may not belong here. They are as
follows: var. laetevirens Salm-Dyck (as a synonym of var. pulchella), var. pulchella Hoppfer
and virens, all given by Forster in 1846 (Handb. Cact. 242). Mammiullaria elongata centr1-
spina (Forster, Handb. Cact. 240. 1846), which is only a name, may belong here.
Illustrations: Gartenflora 34: pl. 1208, f. d, e, as Mammillaria echinata.
Figure 148 is from a photograph of the plant collected by Dr. Rose (No. 8990),
mentioned above.
99. Neomammillaria pottsii (Scheer).
Mammiullaria pottsii Scheer in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 104. 1850.
Mammiullaria leona Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21:94. 1853.
Echinocactus pottsianus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Cactus pottsit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 137
More or less cespitose, the individual plants cylindric, 12 em. long or more; tubercles almost
hidden by the spines; radial spines about 30, white, weak, short; central spines 6 to 12, much stouter
and longer, more or less ascending, grayish with brown tips; axils of tubercles woolly; flowers borne
in a circle about 2 cm. below top of plant, about 1 cm. long; inner perianth-segments light purple,
somewhat spreading at tip, acute; stamens pale, much shorter than the style, purplish above;
stigma-lobes narrow; fruit red, clavate; seeds blackish brown, the surface deeply pitted.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: In the highlands of the Rio Grande, Texas; Nuevo Leén and Coahuila
to Chihuahua and Zacatecas, Mexico.
This species is widely grown in collections but the flowers are inconspicuous.
In the Engelmann Collection, now in the Missouri Botanical Garden, is a specimen
labeled ‘‘Mammiullaria pottsi1 vera—original coll. Dyck. Jan. 1857.’’ ‘This proves to be
identical with the plant well known in our collections as /. leona. With specimens of this
plant in hand Salm-Dyck’s description, which heretofore we had not understood, is clearly
Fic. 150.—Neomammillaria pottsii. Fic. 151.—N. mazatlanensis.
interpreted, except that he states that the tubercle is slightly suleate above. From the fact
that Engelmann says that his specimen is ‘‘V. pottsii vera’’ we suspect that he may have
had a plant like MM. tuberculosa mixed withit. This seems to have been Poselger’s idea, for
he refers the plant to Echinocactus, doubtless on account of this supposed groove. The plant
which Poselger describes under Echinocactus pottsianus, collected at Guerrero, south of the
Rio Grande, is very different from Salm-Dyck’s plant; his fragment, also deposited in
the Missouri Botanical Garden, consists of a fruit, a few brownish seeds, and a spine-cluster,
one attached to the top of a grooved tubercle, and is to be referred to Escobaria tuberculosa,
or a related species. The specimen is too fragmentary to identify definitely. Poselger’s
misunderstanding of Salm-Dyck’s plant left the way open for his species, Mammillaria
leona, described shortly afterwards.
The description of the flower and fruit as given by Coulter is doubtless taken from
Poselger but does not apply to the true /. pottsiiz. Our only Texas record is based on J.
H. Ferriss’s plant from the Big Bend of the Rio Grande, November 15, 1922.
Coryphantha pottsi occurs in C. R. Oreutt’s Circular to Cactus Fanciers 1922 (unsigned
and undated) to which he assigns M. leona.
138 THE CACTACEAE.
Illustrations: Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 2, f. 3; Blanc, Cacti 70. No. 1359, as
Mammullaria leona.
Figure 150 is from a photograph of a cluster of plants obtained in Zacatecas by F. E.
Lloyd in 1908.
100. Neomammillaria mazatlanensis (Schumann).
Mammillaria mazatlanensis Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 154. Ig01.
Mammillaria littoralis K. Brandegee, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1908: App. 91. 1908.
Plants cespitose, often forming broad clumps with many oblong heads, 4 to 10 cm. long, about
2 cm. in diameter; tubercles terete, 3 to 4 mm. long, their axils naked; radial spines 12 to 15, seta-
ceous, spreading, white; central spines 4 to 6,* stouter than the radials, reddish, ascending, 8 to
10 mm. long; flowers from the axils of the old tubercles but towards the top of the plant, 3 cm. long
or more, red; perianth-segments oblong, spreading; stigma-lobes 8, very long and slender.
Type locality: Mazatlan.
Distribution: On the hills near the sea, about Mazatlan, Mexico.
Dr. Rose collected this plant in 1897 and again in 1910. From this last collection we
still have growing plants, but these have never flowered.
Mammillaria littoralis K. Brandegee, first mentioned in 1907 (Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
17: 80), seems never to. have been described by Mrs. Brandegee but was described in the
Kew Bulletin as mentioned above, where it was stated to be from “‘California(?).”’ It was
doubtless sent by Mrs. Brandegee from California but collected at Mazatlan.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 155, as Mammullaria mazatlanensis.
Figure 151 is from a photograph sent by L. Quehl, showing a flowering plant.
101. Neomammillaria sphacelata (Martius).
Mammiullaria sphacelata Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 339. 1832.
Echinocactus sphacelatus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Cactus sphacelatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Usually densely cespitose, often grayish, forming clumps 3 to 4 dm. in diameter, the individual
plants cylindric, more or less elongated, often 1 to 2 dm. high; radial spines 14 to 20, usually white
with black tips; central spines 3 or 4, usually black
or reddish throughout, sometimes becoming white
in age; axils of tubercles often bearing tufts of
short hairs and occasionally a few bristles; flowers
about 15 mm. long, purplish; fruit red, clavate;
seeds black, the surface deeply pitted.
Type locality: Mexico, possibly in Oaxaca
or Puebla; it was collected by Karwinsky.
Distribution: Puebla and Oaxaca; Schu-
mann reports it, but doubtless erroneously,
from Hidalgo (Zimapan) and Sonora (Guay-
mas).
Illustrations: Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16:
pl. 25, f. 1; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 74;
Grdssner, Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 1914: 36, as
Mammiullaria sphacelata.
102. Neomammillaria albicans sp. nov.
Plants at first globose but becoming cylindric
and then 10 to 20 cm. long, up to 6 cm. in diame-
ter, often in clumps of 5 to 15; spines almost Fic. 152.—Neomammillaria albicans.
hiding the plant body and often pure white; radial ; ; :
spines numerous, short, stiff, widely spreading; central spines several, straight, stiff, often brownish
* Sometimes one of the central spines is hooked, as is shown in plants from near the type locality collected by Sefior
J. G. Ortega in 1922.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 139
or blackish at tip; spine-areoles when young densely white-woolly; fruit clavate, red, 10 to 18 mm.
long; seeds black with basal hilum.
Collected on Santa Cruz Island, Gulf of California, by J. N. Rose, April 16, 1911
(No. 16842, type), and by Ivan M. Johnston in 1921 (No. 3912); also on the adjacent
island of San Diego by Mr. Johnston (No. 3923).
This is a very beautiful plant which grows in small clusters and is covered with nearly
pure white spines. A number of plants were brought back to the New York Botanical
Garden in 1911 by Dr. Rose but they have all since died. We now have living plants sent
in by Mr. Johnston from two localities.
Figure 152 is from a photograph of a plant sent by Mr. Johnston to Washington from
the type locality.
Fic 153.—Neomammillaria slevinii.
103. Neomammillaria slevinii sp. nov.
Plants simple, cylindric, 1 dm. high or more, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, entirely hidden under the
many closely set spines; spines at top of plant pinkish below, with brown to blackish tips, on
lower part of plant bleaching white; radial spines numerous, acicular, widely spreading; central
spines about 6, a little longer and stouter than the radials, slightly spreading; flowers about 2 cm.
broad; outer perianth-segments with a pinkish mid-rib; inner perianth-segments white; filaments
pinkish; style nearly white; stigma-lobes nearly white; fruit red, about 1 cm. long; seeds black,
nearly globular, with a projection at base and a large basal hilum.
Collected by J. N. Rose, March 31, 1911 (No. 16550, type), on San Josef Island,
and by Ivan M. Johnston in 1921 (No. 3943) on San Francisco Island just off the south-
ern end of San Josef Island.
This species is related to Neomammillaria albicans, but it has darker spines and the
spine-areoles are not densely lanate.
The plant is named for J. R. Slevin, who was in charge of the scientific expedition of the
California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921, at which time the plant
was collected.
140 THE CACTACEAE.
Figure 153 is from a photograph of one of the plants collected by Mr. Johnston and
sent to Washington.
104. Neomammillaria palmeri (Coulter).
Cactus palmeri Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 108. 18094.
Mammiullaria dioica insularis K. Brandegee, Erythea 5: 115. 1897.
Densely cespitose; individuals small; axils densely woolly and bristly; radial spines 25 to 30,
slender, white, 5 mm. long, radiating; central spines 3 to 5, stouter and longer than the radials,
brownish with black tips, straight, 7 to 8 mm. long; flowers cream-colored, sometimes tinged with
pink; fruit clavate, scarlet; seeds black.
Type locality: “San Benito Island.” *
Distribution: San Benito Islands and possibly Guadalupe Island off the west coast of
Lower California.
Plate xtv, figure 7, shows the plant, collected on the San Benito Islands, which
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, April 1, 1912.
105. Neomammillaria uncinata (Zuccarini).
Mammillaria uncinata Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 34. 1837.
Mammillaria bihamata Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Mammiullaria depressa Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 494. 1838.
Mammillaria uncinata biuncinata Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp..96. 18309.
Mammillaria uncinata spinosior Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 96. 1839.
Mammiullaria uncinata rhodacantha Hortus in Forster, Handb- Cact. ed. 2.347. 1885.
Cactus bthamaitus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus depressus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891. Not De Candolle, 1813.
Cactus uncinatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Globose or somewhat depressed, usually half-buried in the soil, 8 to 10 cm. in diameter;
tubercles lactiferous, short, obtuse; axils of old tubercles naked, of young ones lanate, forming a
mass of wool at top; young spine-areoles also lanate; radial spines 4 to 6, usually white, subulate,
4 to 5 mm. long; central spines usually solitary, sometimes 2 or 3, much stouter than the radials, 8 to
12 mm. long, brown, hooked at apex; flowers small, reddish white, about 2 cm. long; inner perianth-
segments linear-oblong; stigma-lobes pinkish; fruit clavate, Io to 18 mm. long, red; seeds small,
brown.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Common in central Mexico, especially in Hidalgo and San Luis Potosi.
Schumann reports it from Chihuahua, as collected by Wislizenus, but we suspect that there
is an error. Pfeiffer does not give a definite locality for this species but Zuccarini, who
redescribed the plant soon afterwards, says that Karwinsky obtained it in the mountains
near Pachuca, Mexico.
This species and the following two are the only milk-bearing Neomammillaria which
have hooked spines.
Mammillaria adunca Scheidweiler (Forster, Handb. Cact. 222. 1846), referred here
as a Synonym, was never described.
Illustrations: Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 19; Schumann, Gesamtb.
Kakteen f. 94; Abh. Akad. Bayer. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 4, f. 3; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk.
269. f. 191, as Mammiullaria uncinata.
106. Neomammillaria hamata (Lehmann).
Cactus cylindricus Ortega, Nov. Rar. Pl. 128. 1800. Not Lamarck, 1783.
Mammiullaria hamata Lehmann in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 34. 1837.
Cactus hamatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Stem 6 dm. long, cylindric, somewhat branched at base, described as milky; tubercles conic or a
little compressed; radial spines 15 to 20, white, spreading; central spines several, brownish, stouter
than the radials, one of them hooked; flowers small, probably scarlet, from near top of plant but from
* Although San Benito Island is given as the type locality, San Benito is really a group of three small islands.
Dr. Rose found this species on two of these islands in 1911 (No. 16042). ;
NEOMAMMILLARIA. t I41I
axils of old tubercles; inner perianth-segments lanceolate, acute; filaments half length of perianth-
segments, white; stigma-lobes 4, yellowish; fruit slender, clavate, probably red; seeds minute,
brown.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range not known.
Schumann referred both Cactus cylindricus and Mammillaria hamata to M. coronaria,
but the last name must be excluded from this genus. The specific name, cylindricus,
which has been used four times in the genus Cactus, can not be transferred to Neomam-
millaria on account of the earlier use of this specific name by Lamarck.
Mammuillaria hamata was first mentioned in the Seed Catalogue of the Hamburg
Garden in 1832.
Fic. 154.—Neomammillaria hamata. Fic. 155.—Neomammillaria wildii.
The following are usually referred as synonyms of Mammillaria coronaria, but probably
belong here: Mammullaria hamata brevispina and M. hamata principis Salm-Dyck (Labouret,
Monogr. Cact. 34. 1853) and M. hamata longispina Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 8.
1845). Mammillaria principis Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 34. 1853) was given
as a synonym of the last variety here cited.
Illustration: Ortega, Nov. Rar. Pl. pl. 16, as Cactus cylindricus.
Figure 154 is reproduced from the illustration above cited.
107. Neomammillaria rekoi sp. nov.
Globular to short-cylindric, becoming 12 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, sometimes milky;
tubercles green, terete, 8 to 10 mm. long, not very closely set, each bearing in its axil a tuft of short
white wool and 1 to 8 long white bristles; radial spines spreading, about 20, white, delicately acicular,
4 to 6 mm. long; central spines 4, brown, much stouter than the radials, 10 to 1 5 mm. long, the
142 THE CACTACEAE.
lower one sometimes strongly hooked; flowers from axils of old tubercles, near top of plant; 1.5 cm.
long, deep purple; inner perianth-segments narrowly oblong, apiculate; filaments and style purplish;
stigma-lobes greenish; fruit clavate, red, 12
mm. long; seeds minute, brown.
This species has been sent to us re-
peatedly from Oaxaca, Mexico, by Dr.
B. P. Reko and it has been named in his
honor; we have selected as the type his
specimen of 1921, which flowered in
Washington.
This is a remarkable species, being
the only one we know, except the follow-
ing, which has the characters of watery
tubercles, a hooked spine, and brown
seeds, but some plants give out a very
diluted milk and have no hooked spines.
Dr. Reko sent us a single plant in
April 1922, which was about 12 cm. long
and short-clavate; the central spines
were mostly 4, but sometimes 5, and
none of them hooked. In this specimen
we obtained a diluted milky juice from
the upper tubercles while the lower ones
are entirely devoid of milk. It flowered
in April 1923 and seemed to be referable ErGutega eNeomarmillariamrelcor
here.
Figure 149 shows a plant sent by Dr. B. P. Reko from Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1919; figure
155a@ shows the plant collected by Dr. Reko in 1922, referred to above.
108. Neomammillaria solisii sp. nov.
Simple, globular or nearly so, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, green or becoming purplish; tubercles 8
mm. long, terete in section, a little narrow towards the tip and thus separated above from the ad-
joining tubercles, their axils without wool even when quite young, and usually with 1 to many
bristles; radial spines about ro to 20, spreading, 6 to 7 mm. long, white, bristle-like; central spines
3 or 4, a little stouter than the radials, becoming brown, one of them strongly hooked (sometimes
2 cm. long).
Collected by Octavio Solis in Cerro de Buenavista de Cuellar, Guerrero, Mexico, in
1920 (No. 5) and in 1921, type, and at the same station by Professor C. Nujfiez in April
and November 1921 (Nos. 4 and 6).
Figure 156 is from a photograph of a plant sent by Octavio Solfs from Guerrero, Mexico,
in 1920; figure 157 is from a photograph of a plant sent by Professor C. Nitfiez in 1922.
109. Neomammillaria pygmaea sp. nov.
Plant very small, globose to cylindric, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter; tubercles small, obtuse; radial
spines about 15, white, stiff, hardly puberulent even under a lens; central spines 4, ascending,
golden yellow, the lower one hooked, 5 to 6 mm. long; flowers about 1 cm. long, the outer segments
tinged with red, apiculate; inner perianth-segments about 10, cream-colored; filaments greenish,
much shorter than the perianth-segments; style greenish.
Collected by J. N. Rose near Cadereyta, Querétaro, Mexico, in 1905 (No. 9863).
It has repeatedly flowered but was only 3 cm. high in 1921 when it died.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 143
The species is known only from the single collection recorded above. It grows on
stony hills in a very arid part of Querétaro. It is very inconspicuous and is easily over-
looked in the field.
110. Neomammillaria wildii (Dietrich).
Mammillaria wildit Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 4:.137. 1836.
Mammillaria wildiana Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 37. 1837.
Mammillaria wildiana compacta Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 258. 1885.
Mammillaria wildiana cristata Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 258. 1885.
Cactus wildianus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cylindric to globose, cespitose at base; axils of tubercles bearing rose-colored hairs and bristles;
tubercles slender, elongated, 8 to 10 mm. long, obtuse, green or somewhat rose-colored at base;
young areoles tomentose; spines all pubescent; radial spines 8 to 10, 8 mm. long, setiform, white;
central spines 4, yellow, one of them hooked; flowers white, 12 mm. in diameter; inner perianth-
segments acuminate; stigma-lobes 4 or 5, straw-colored; fruit clavate, red.
Fics. 156 and 157.—Neomammiillaria solisii.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: State of Hidalgo, Mexico, according to Schumann.
We have had this plant growing for a number of years, obtained from other collectors,
but we do not know its natural habitat. It sprouts freely and new plants are easily
started. Dr. Rose examined a specimen, labeled Mammillaria wildii, in the Botanical Gar-
den at Halle in 191; we have a cluster of spines and a flower of that plant.
Mammillaria glochidiata aurea (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 37. 1837), although never
described, is referred usually as a synonym of this species. The two varieties of Mam-
mallaria wildii, cristata and compacta, are listed but not described by Schelle (Handb.
Kakteenk. 251. 1907), the latter being offered for sale by Grassner in his Kakteen for 1914
as form cristata.
The two varieties, Mammillaria wildiana major and M. wildiana spinosior, were given
by Walpers (Repert. Bot. 2: 270. 1843) as synonyms of M. wildiana. The variety
monstrosa Cels was given by Riimpler (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 258. 1885) as a
synonym of VM. wildiana cristata.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 64; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 32: 103, as Mam-
millaria wildii; Grassner, Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 1912: 27, as M. wildi cristata.
Plate x1v, figure 8, shows a plant from the Missouri Botanical Garden which flowered
in the New York Botanical Garden, April 25, 1913. Figure 155 is reproduced from the first
illustration cited above.
144 THE CACTACEAE.
111. Neomammillaria seideliana (Quehl).
Mammillaria seideliana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 154. I911.
Solitary, globose, becoming cespitose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; tubercles purplish, their axils
naked; radial spines 20 to 25, white, long and slender, ascending, puberulent; central spines yellow,
3 or 4, puberulent when young, one hooked; flowers arising from near top of plant, about 15 to 18
mm. long, creamy yellow; outer perianth-segments brownish; inner perianth-segments oblong,
acute; style cream-colored, much longer than stamens; stigma-lobes 5 or 6, cream-colored, obtuse;
fruit persisting in axils of tubercles, apparently for a number of years; seeds black, with thick neck
at base; the hilum basal, large.
Type locality: Zacatecas, Mexico.
Distribution: Known only from the state of Zacatecas.
Collected by F. E. Lloyd in Zacatecas, Mexico, in 1908 (No. 54), who states that he
found but a single specimen, though he made diligent search for others.
Although the flowers appear to come from near the top of the plant they are all from
axils of old tubercles. In the single specimen examined the flowers appeared before the
plant began to form new tubercles. In Mammillaria barbata, a closely related species, the
flowers occur at both the old and new tubercles, but so far as known no other species
possesses that character, although there is no good reason for not finding it in closely related
species.
Fics. 157@¢ and 158.—Neomammillaria seideliana.
We have also had a plant sent us by Haage and Schmidt; it is a profuse bloomer.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 155, as Mammiullaria seideliana.
Figure 157a is from a photograph of a plant sent us from Zacatecas, Mexico, by Pro-
fessor Lloyd in 1908; figure 158 is from a photograph sent by Ll. Quehl.
112. Neomammillaria barbata (Engelmann).
Mammillaria barbata Engelmann in Wislizenus; Mem, Tour North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Cactus barbatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Often densely cespitose, globose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; radial spines 20 or more, acicular,
spreading or ascending, white, sometimes with brown tips; central spines several, subulate, brown,
puberulent, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers 15 mm. long; outer perianth-segments ovate to lanceolate,
ciliate; inner perianth-segments erect or spreading at tip, light straw-colored or greenish, brown
without, acute; filaments numerous, short, purplish; stigma-lobes 5 to 7, greenish.
Type locality: Cosihuirachi, Mexico. _
Distribution: Western Chihuahua, Mexico.
This species was collected by Dr. Wislizenus in 1846 and rediscovered and collected
at the type locality in 1908 by Dr. Rose, and upon this latter collection the above descrip-
tion is based. Schumann did not recognize the species, but thought that it might be near
Mammillaria grahami.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl..6, f. 9 to 12; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 181;
Gartenflora 34: pl. 1208, f. a, b, c; 43: pl. 1400, as Mammillaria barbata.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 145
Figure 159 is from a photograph of the specimen collected by Dr. Rose in 1908 at the
type locality.
113. Neomammillaria mercadensis (Patoni).
Mammillaria mercadensis Patoni, Alianza Cientifica Universal 1:54. 1910.
Mammillaria ocamponis Ochoterena, Bol. Direccion Estudios Biol. 2: 355. 1918.
Solitary or cespitose, small, globose; radial spines numerous, sometimes 25, widely spreading,
white; central spines 4 or 5, elongated, much longer than the flowers, one of them strongly hooked
at apex; flowers small, pale rose-colored; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse.
Type locality: Cerro de Mercado, Durango.
Distribution: Durango, Mexico.
We know this plant only from descriptions and illustrations.
Fic. 159.—Neomammillaria barbata.
Illustrations: Alianza Cientifica Universal 3: pl. facing 223, as Wammiullaria barbata;
Bol. Direccion Estudios Biol. 2: facing 356, as Mammiullaria ocamponis.
Figure 160 is from a photograph of the type plant, which has the same origin as the
illustrations cited above.
114. Neomammillaria kunzeana (Bédeker and Quehl).
Mammillaria kunzeana Bédeker and Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22:177. 1912.
Mammiullaria bocasana kunzeana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 26: 46. 1916.
Cespitose, globose or sometimes becoming cylindric, light green; tubercles cylindric, setose
in their axils; radial spines about 25, white, setaceous; central spines 3 or 4, brown, puberulent,
one of them hooked; flowers white or yellowish white, rose-colored on the outside, 2 cm. long;
inner perianth-segments acuminate; stigma-lobes 4, whitish yellow.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
This species is dedicated to Dr. Richard Ernest Kunze (1838-1919), who was an en-
thusiastic student of cacti and for many years a resident of Phoenix, Arizona. He sent
the plant to Germany in 1910.
146 THE CACTACEAE.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 178, as Wammiullaria kunzeana.
Plate xiv, figure 1, is of a plant obtained by Dr. Rose in 1912 from W. Mundt as
Mammillaria bocasana, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, April 21, 1914.
115. Neomammillaria hirsuta (Bédeker).
Mammillaria hirsuta B6deker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 130. 1919.
Solitary or becoming cespitose, globose, about 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles 10 mm. long,
in 8 or 13 spiraled rows, cylindric, their axils setose; spine-areoles naked; radial spines about 20,
white, 10 to 15 mm. long; central spines 3 or 4, the lower one hooked; flowers small, 1o mm. long;
fruit and seeds unknown.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
The plant was exhibited by de Laet at Contich, Belgium, in 1914, as sent to him by
Mrs. Nichols, presumably from northern Mexico.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 131, as Mammiullaria hirsuta.
Fic. 160.—Neomammillaria mercadensis. Fic. 161.—N. multihamata.
116. Neomammillaria multihamata (Bédeker).
Mammiullaria multithamata Bodeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 25:76. 1915.
Short-cylindric, about 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles cylindric, setose in their axils; spine-
areoles white-lanate; radial spines 25, acicular, white, 8 mm. long; central spines 7 to 9, several
of them hooked; flowers numerous from near top of plant, small, 1.5 cm. long; inner perianth-
segments narrow, acute, spreading; seeds blackish brown.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
This plant is in the trade. A specimen was sent us in 1914 by L. Quehl, but it never
flowered and soon died.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 25: 77, as Wammiullaria multthamata.
Figure 161 is reproduced from a photograph furnished by L. Quehl.
117. Neomammillaria longicoma sp. nov.
Cespitose, often forming broad clumps; individual specimens 3 to 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles
conic, 4 to 5 mm. long, dark green, obtuse, bearing long white hairs in their axils; radial spines 25 or
more, weak and hair- like, more or less interlocking; ‘central spines 4, 10 to 12 mm. long, brown
above, a little paler below, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers from axils of upper tubercles; outer perianth-
segments pinkish, darker along the center; inner perianth-segments lanceolate, acute, nearly white
or sometimes tinged with rose; stamens and style much shorter than the inner perianth-segments;
stigma-lobes 3, cream-colored.
The plant is common about San Luis Potosi, Mexico, where it was collected by Dr. E.
Palmer in 1905 (type) and by Mrs. Irene Vera in 1912. We have had it in cultivation since
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 147
1905. It differs considerably from Neomammillaria kunzeana, from the same region, in
its hair-like radial spines. It is perhaps nearest 7. bocasana, but that species has single
central spines.
Illustration: Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 4, f. 4, as Mammillaria bocasana.
Figure 162 is from a photograph of a plant (type) collected by Dr. E. Palmer near San
Luis Potosi in 1905 and figure 165 shows a cluster of plants from the same colony.
118. Neomammillaria bocasana (Poselger).
Mammillaria bocasana Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21:94. 1853.
Cactus bocasanus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 104. 1894.
Cespitose, often forming large mounds; individual plants globose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, light
green; tubercles slender, 6 to 8 mm. long, terete, their axils sometimes hairy or bristly; radial
spines represented by numerous long white silky hairs; central spines solitary, 5 to 8 mm. long,
brown, but paler at base, hooked, much shorter than the radial hairy ones; flower-buds rose-
colored; flowers described as white; perianth-segments lanceolate-linear, acute, spreading; fruit
“‘sreen, 4 mm. long; seeds cinnamon brown, oblique, broadly obovate, with narrowly basal hilum.”
Fic. 162.—Neomammillaria longicoma. Fic. 163.—Neomammillaria bocasana.
Type locality: Sierra de Bocas,* Mexico.
Distribution: Northern central Mexico, especially in San Luis Potosi.
This species has not been well understood and is usually misnamed in collections.
The two varieties of Mamillaria bocasana, cristata and glochidiata, are listed by Schelle
(Handb. Kakteenk. 250. 1907), but not described. The former is offered for sale by
Grdssner in his Kakteen for 1914. We do not find that /. bocasana splendens Liebner and
M. bocasana sericata Lemaire, mentioned by Quehl (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 46. 1909),
have ever been described.
Mammillaria schelhasei lanuginosior Hildmann (Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 531.
1898) we have not seen but it may belong here.
Mammillaria bocasana splendens, credited to Schlechtendal, is offered for sale by
Haage and Schmidt in their 1922 Catalogue.
Illustrations: Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 250. f. 170; Blanc, Cacti 67, No. 1148;
West Amer. Sci. 13: 40 (these three illustrations are from the same source); Bliihende
Kakteen 1: pl. 35; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 31: 103; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 89,
as Mammillaria bocasana; De Laet, Cat. Gén. 28. f. 42; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 251. f.
*Coulter (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 104) states that Poselger says the plant is from Texas “auf der Seira de
Bocas,”’ but in the original place of publication he does not give the state. Bocas, however, is in San Luis Potosi.
148 THE CACTACEAE.
171; Rev. Hort. Belg. 40: after 186; Tribune Hort. 4: pl. 139 (these four illustrations are
all from the same source); Mdéllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 25; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 29: 81, as Mammiullaria bocasana cristata.
Plate xiv, figure 2, shows a plant, collected by S. S. Hordes in 1915, which flowered
in the New York Botanical Garden, May 11, 1916. Figure 163 shows a plant received from
San Luis Potosi through Mrs. Irene Vera in 1912.
119. Neomammillaria multiformis sp. nov.
Cespitose, forming dense clumps, sometimes 25 or more from a single root, either globose or
much elongated and 3 to 6 times as long as thick; tubercles terete, 6 to 8 mm. long, their axils
bearing long white bristles and white wool; radial spines 30 or more, acicular, 8 mm. long, yellow
Fic. 164.—Neomammillaria multiformis.
or at least becoming so, ascending; central spines 4, a little longer and stouter than radials,
nearly erect, reddish in upper part, one of them strongly hooked; flowers deep purplish red, 8 to
to mm. long, usually broader than long; innner perianth-segments oblong, acute; filaments red;
fruit nearly globose, at least when dry; seeds black.
Collected by Dr. E. Palmer at Alvarez, near San Luis Potosi, Mexico, in May 1905
(No. 591, type, and No. 592).
Figure 164 is from a photograph made from Dr. Palmer’s specimen just after it was
received in Washington.
120. Neomammillaria scheidweileriana (Otto).
Mammullaria glochidiata sericata Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 40. 1839.
Mammillaria scheidwetleriana Otto in Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz.9: 179. 1841.
Mammullaria wildiana rosea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 81. 1850.
Cactus scheidweilerianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Mammillaria monancistria* Berg in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 533. 1898.
* The publication of Mammillaria monanctstria is usually referred to Férster’s Handbuch (254. 1846), but the
name occurs there without description.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 149
Cespitose, globose to cylindric, light green; tubercles setose in their axils, in 8 and 13 spirals,
cylindric; spines all puberulent; radial spines 9 to 11, setaceous, white, 1 cm. long; central spine,
1 to 4, brown, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers rose-colored, 12 to 13 mm. long.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
The plant is known to us from description only.
121. Neomammillaria saffordii sp. nov.
Plants small, globose to short-cylindric, 3 to 4 cm. high, dull green, nearly hidden under the
dense covering of spines; axils naked; spine-areoles when quite young slightly woolly, but early
glabrate, circular; spines all puberulent under a lens when young; radial spines 12 to 14, somewhat
ascending, but in age more or less curved outward, when just developing with bright red tips and
white bases, later the lower part becoming yellowish; central spines single, stout, reddish, 1.5 cm.
long, hooked at apex; flowers 2.5 cm. long, rose-colored; outer perianth-segments tipped by long
bristles, the inner obtuse; stigma-lobes green.
This beautiful little species was collected by W. E. Safford, February 3, 1907, near
Icamole, Nuevo Leén (No. 1250). Two plants, which were sent to Washington, flowered
June 21, 1912; but they have not done well in cultivation. The plants sprout freely in
cultivation and in this way we hope to distribute material to other collections. It is near
Mammillaria carretit and was so figured by Dr. Safford, but it differs in several important
respects from that species. It is named for Dr. Safford, the author of a very interesting
paper, entitled Cactaceae of Northeastern and Central Mexico (Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst.
1908), frequently referred to in these volumes.
Illustration: Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 4, f. 2, as Mammiullaria carretit.
Figure 168 is from a photograph of the type plant.
122. Neomammillaria schelhasei (Pfeiffer).
Mammiullaria schelhasit Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Mammiullaria glochidiata purpurea Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 495. 1838.
Cactus schelhasit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cespitose, forming a large hemispheric mound; individual plants globose to short-cylindric,
olive-green; tubercles cylindric, their axils a little woolly, but not setose; radial spines 14 to 16,
setaceous, white; central spines 3, brown, one hooked at apex; flowers large, 2.2 to 2.5 cm. long,
salmon or rose-colored (Nicholson says white with line of rose down each petal); fruit 5 mm. long.
Type locality: Mineral del Monte, Mexico.
Distribution: Hidalgo, Mexico.
Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 7, 81. 1850) describes the three following varie-
ties: sericata, rosea, and triuncinata, some of which may belong elsewhere. Of these
Schumann recognizes only the last. The first Lemaire has referred to a different species,
Mammillaria glochidiata sericata Lemaire (Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 40. 1839).
Illustrations: Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 252. f. 172; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 565.
f. 37; Suppl. 518. f. 555; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 254. f. 24 (32, in error); Riimpler,
Sukkulenten 198. f. 111; Watson, Cact. Cult. 173. f. 69; ed. 3. f. 47; Knippel, Kakteen
pl. 25; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 170; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 163, as Mammiullaria
schelhaset; Gartenflora 6: pl. 207, as M. schelhasei sericata.
123. Neomammillaria glochidiata (Martius).
Mammiullaria glochidiata Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 337. 1832.
? Mammullaria ancistroides Lehmann, Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1832.
Cactus glochidiatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus ancistrodes Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Densely cespitose, forming clusters sometimes 15 cm. high; tubercles cylindric, green, shining,
8 to 15 mm. long, well separated from one another towards the tip, obtuse, terete; radial spines 12
to 15, widely spreading, puberulent, white, setiform, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines 4, brownish,
one of them hooked; flowers white; inner perianth-segments lanceolate, acuminate; style longer
than the stamens; stigma-lobes 4 or 5, yellow; fruit clavate, scarlet, 16 mm. long; seeds black.
150 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Southern Mexico.
Martius, who described this species, based it on a plant of Karwinsky, but did not cite
a definite locality; Hemsley, however, records Karwinsky’s plant as from near San Pedro
Nolasco, Hidalgo, at 7,000 to 8,000 feet altitude.
As it is a high mountain species it would doubtless not remain long in cultivation.
Pfeiffer refers here Mammiullaria criniformis De Candolle (Mém. Cact. 8. pl. 4. 1834) and
transfers his two varieties rosea and albida to M. glochidiata as variety rosea and albida
(Enum. Cact. 37. 1837). Mammiullaria criniformis must be very different, for it has only
8 to 10 radial spines and one central spine, and this yellow. The two varieties also may
belong elsewhere; in fact, the variety rosea has been referred to Mammillaria decipiens,
Mammiilaria ancistrata Schelhase (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 8. 1845).
given as a synonym of I. ancistroides Lemaire, is referred here by Schumann, perhaps
wrongly.
A
Fic. 165.—Neomammiillaria longicoma. Fic. 166.—Neomammillaria glochidiata.
Mammillaria ancistrina Hortus (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 10. 1850) was
given as a Synonym of IW. ancistroides.
To Mammillaria ancistroides major (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 8. 1845) was
referred M/. ancistrata as a synonym. Afterwards it was briefly described in Forster’s
Handbuch.
Mammillaria bergeana, a name from Hildmann’s Catalogue, is referred as a synonym
of M. glochidiata (Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 532. 1898), and so also is W. glochidiata
alba (Forster, Handb. Cact. 188. 1846).
Mammillaria ancistroides Lehmann (Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1832) is usually referred
to this species but it must go elsewhere; it has setae in the axils of the tubercles, the radial
spines are 6 to 8, and the hooked spine is brown at tip.
Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 532. 1898) describes two varieties, crinita and prolifera.
The former is based on Mammillaria crinita De Candolle (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17:
112. 1828; Cactus crinitus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891), and has the central spines
straight (at least so shown in the illustration, but described as hooked), and must be excluded
NEOMAMMILLARIA. I5!I
from this species. Mammillaria crinita pauciseta De Candolle (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris 17: 112. 1828) may be of this relationship but we do not know it.
Other varietal names have been given, such as M. glochidiata alba (Forster, Handb.
Cact. 188. 1846).
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 82; Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: pl. 23, f. 1; Abh.
Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 1, I. f. 4; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 141, as Mammil-
laria glochidiata. The following illustrations we have not placed: De Candolle, Mém.
Cact. pl. 3; Krook, Handb. Cact. 38, as WW. crinita; De Candolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 4, as M.
criniformts.
Figure 166 is reproduced from the original illustration of the type as shown in the
second illustration cited above.
Fic. 167.—Neomammiillaria trichacantha. Frc. 168.—Neomammillaria saffordii.
124. Neomammillaria trichacantha (Schumann).
Mammillaria trichacantha Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. 133. 1903.
Solitary, globose to short-cylindric, small; tubercles small, clavate, 4 to 5 cm. high, slightly
glaucous; radial spines 15 to 18, pubescent, acicular, white, 8 mm. long; central spines 2, brownish,
12 mm. long, one of them hooked; flowers red or yellow, 1.5 cm. long; inner perianth-segments
lanceolate, widely spreading, acuminate; style pale green; stigma-lobes white.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Undoubtedly Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants.
The relationship of this species is somewhat uncertain. Schumann placed it next to
Mammillaria carretii and described the flowers as red, while Quehl stated that the inner
perianth-segments are pale yellow, and this is clearly shown by an unpublished study of
Mrs. Giirke, made May 26, 1907, now in our possession. We have received such flowers
from Quehl.
Quehl refers here Mammillaria hamuligera (sometimes written /. lamuligera) while
Bédeker would keep it distinct. We have received flowers from Quehl which correspond
with Mrs. Giirke’s painting of M. trichacantha, but her plant may be different from Schu-
mann’s type, which had red flowers.
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. 133. f. 33; Monatsschr. Kak-
teenk. 14: 45, as Mammillaria trichacantha.
Figure 167 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above.
125. Neomammillaria painteri (Rose).
Mammillaria painteri Rose in Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 27: 22. 1917.
Mammillaria erythrosperma Boédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: ror. 1918.
Mammiillaria erythrosperma similis De Laet in Bédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 102. 1918.
152 THE CACTACEAE.
Plant globose, small, 2 cm. in diameter, almost hidden by the spines; tubercles without bristles
in their axils; radial spines about 20, stiff, white, puberulent under a hand lens; central spines 4 or
5, ascending, dark brown, one hooked, puberulent; flowers 15 mm. long, greenish white, the outer
segments brownish; inner perianth-segments broad, with an ovate acute tip; stamens white;
stigma-lobes cream-colored.
Type locality: Near San Juan del Rio, Querétaro.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
Collected in Querétaro, Mexico, in 1905 by J. N. Rose. It has flowered repeatedly in
cultivation (August 1909, June 1911, 1912, April 1915), and is nearest perhaps to Neomam-
millaria kunzeana and N. multihamata, but the axils of the tubercles are naked.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 27: 23, as Mammiullaria painteri; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 28: 103, as M. erythrosperma and var. similis.
Figure 169 is from a photograph of the type plant.
Fic. 169.—Neomammillaria painteri. Fic. 170.—Neomammillaria microcarpa.
126. Neomammillaria wrightii (Engelmann).
Mammillaria wrightit Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 262. 1856.
Cactus wright Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Depressed-globose, simple; tubercles terete, 10 to 12 mm. long, with naked axils; radial spines
8 to 15, white, spreading, acicular; central spines 1 to 3, stouter than the radials, brown to black,
I or sometimes 2 or 3 hooked at apex; flowers large, 25 mm. long and as broad as long when expanded;
outer segments about 13, triangular-obtuse, fimbriate; inner perianth-segments bright purple; fruit
obovoid, large, 25 mm. long, purple; seeds 1.5 mm. long, black, with a narrow ventral hilum.
Type locality: Anton Chico on the Pecos east of Santa Fé, New Mexico.
Distribution: Mountains of northeastern New Mexico.
Mammullaria wrightit as described by Dr. Engelmann is complex, his original descrip-
tion being based on two collections, one from the upper Pecos, the type, and one from
the Santa Rita Copper mines in southwestern New Mexico. This latter specimen is referable
to a new species described below. There has always existed much confusion regarding
M. wright, and several species have been distributed under that name. It is very rare in
collections. In the National Herbarium we have only a part of the type (3 clusters of spines)
and spines and fruit collected by J. W. Toumey at White Oaks, New Mexico, October 20,
1896. Engelmann cites a specimen in Mexico (near Lake Santa Maria) which doubtless is
to be referred elsewhere.
This species was named for Charles Wright (1811-1855), who explored extensively in
Texas and Cuba.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 153
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 8, f. 1 to 8; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 9;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. {.8, No.5; West Amer. Sci. 13: 40; Forster, Handb.
Cact. ed. 2. 249. f. 23 (as f. 31, in error); Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 255. f. 177; Remark,
Kakteenfreund 16, 17, as VW. wrighti.
Figure 171 is a repreduction of the first illustration cited above.
Fic. 171.—Neomammiillaria wrightii. Fic. 172.—Neomammillaria mainae.
127. Neomammillaria viridiflora sp. nov.
Globular to short-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, the plant-body well hidden under the closely appressed
radial spines; tubercles terete, small, naked in their axils; radial spines 20 to 30, widely spreading,
white with brown tip, bristle-like, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines much stouter than the radials,
1.5 to 2 cm. long, brown, one or more of them hooked; flowers greenish, narrowly campanulate, 1.5
em. long; fruit globose to ovoid, 10 to 15 mm. long, purplish, very juicy; seeds {minute, 1 mm. long.
Collected by C. R. Orcutt on Superior-Miami Highway, near Boundary Monument,
between Pinal and Gila counties, Arizona, 4,700 feet elevation, July, 1922 (No. 608, type),
and by Mrs. Ruth C. Ross near Tula Spring, south of Aravaipa, Arizona, June 1922
(No. 14).
Here perhaps are to be referred plants collected in New Mexico by O. B. Metcalfe
(Nos. 797, 803, and 820) and probably that part of Mammillaria wrightii which came from
Santa Rita. Mr. Orcutt has repeatedly written to us about this green-flowered species,
which we are now able to separate very distinctly from both M. wrightit and M. wilcoxit.
Dr. Forrest Shreve has also reported a green-flowered species from Arizona which he
states is common in oak-woods.
128. Neomammillaria wilcoxii (Toumey).
Mammillaria wilcoxit Toumey in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 545. 1898.
Solitary, almost globose, flabby in texture, 10 cm. in diameter, almost covered by a mass of
interlocking spines; axils of tubercles naked; radial spines 14 to 20, widely spreading, often 15 mm.
long, bristle-like, white with colored tips; central spines 1 to 3, brown, 2 cm. long, 1 or more hooked;
flowers pink to purple, large, 3 cm. long, 4 cm. broad when fully expanded; outer perianth-segments
about 20, fringed with white hairs; inner perianth-segments about 40, in 2 rows.
Type locality: Arizona.
Distribution: Southeastern Arizona. It should be looked for in northern Sonora.
154 THE CACTACEAE.
This species is very rare in living collections and in herbaria. When found in the field it
is often associated with Mammiullaria grahamii and Coryphantha aggregata, which has led to
the suggestion that it might be a hybrid between these species.
The plant is named for General Timothy E. Wilcox, U. S. A., who collected exten-
sively in Arizona, Oklahoma, Washington, and Alaska.
Tllustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 23, as Mammillaria wilcoxit.
Plate x11, figure 1, is from a photograph of a plant collected at Calabasas, Arizona,
by Dr. Rose in 1908 (No. 11955).
129. Neomammillaria mainae (K. Brandegee).
Mammillaria mainae K. Brandegee, Zoe 5: 31: 1900.
Globose or somewhat depressed, 5 to 8 cm. broad; tubercles pale green, naked in their axils;
spines all puberulent, at least when young; radial spines about 10, widely spreading, yellowish or
white except the brownish tips; central spines usually stout, yellowish except the strongly hooked
tip; flowers from upper part of plant but in old axils, about 2 cm. long, with a broad open throat;
outer perianth-segments with a brownish stripe, inner ones with a reddish central stripe with broad
nearly white margins; acute inner perianth-segments more or less spreading; stamens purplish;
style also purplish, stout, much longer than stamens; stigma-lobes 5 or 6, purplish, elongated, linear;
fruit red, globose to obovate, not projecting beyond the tubercles; seeds dull black, obovate, 1 mm.
long, punctate, with a narrow basal hilum.
Type locality: South of Nogales, Sonora, Mexico.
Distribution: Northern Sonora.
For a long time it was known only from material collected by Mrs. F. M. Main, near
Nogales, Mexico. It has been offered in the trade under the name of Mammillaria
galeottii, to which, according to Mrs. K. Brandegee, it is not at all related. It was observed
by Rose, Standley, and Russell in two localities near Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, and
living plants were sent to Washington, which flowered in August 1910. This is not very
close to any of the other species. It was collected again
in Sonora by C. R. Orcutt in 1922.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 19, as Mam-
millaria mainae.
Figure 172 is from a photograph of a specimen sent
by Dr. Trelease from the Missouri Botanical Garden in
1910. ;
130. Neomammillaria boedekeriana (Quhel).
Mammillaria boedekeriana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20:
108. I9g10.
Globose to ovoid, but in collections becoming cylindric,
dull green; tubercles cylindric; radial spines about 20, white;
central spines 3, brownish black, one hooked; axils naked;
flowers white with brownish stripes.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Doubtless Mexico, but range unknown.
This plant, which was for a long time in cultivation
in Europe, has, according to Mr. Bédeker, entirely dis-
appeared. He writes that it is a prolific bloomer and that
once he had a plant with 32 flowers open at the same time. Fic. 172a.—Neomammillaria boedekeriana.
The species is named for Friederich Bodeker of Cologne,
Germany. Quehl groups this species next to Mammiullaria wrighti.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 109, as Mammillaria boedekeriana.
Figure 172a is from a photograph of a plant which had been in cultivation 14 years
by Bédeker. The photograph was sent to us in 1923.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XIII
1. Neomammillaria wilcoxit, from Calabasas, Arizona.
2. Neomammillaria gaumeri, from Yucatan, Mexico.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 155
131. Neomammillaria microcarpa (Engelmann).
Mammillaria microcarpa Engelmann in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848.
Mammillaria grahami Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 262. 1856.
Cactus grahamit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Mammillaria grahamii arizonica Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 44. 1896.
Coryphantha grahamii Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mountains 581. 1917.
Globose to cylindric, simple or budding either at base or near middle, often cespitose, but in
small clusters, sometimes 8 cm. high; tubercles small, corky when old; axils of tubercles naked;
radial spines 15 to 30, spreading, white, sometimes with dark tips, slender, rigid, glabrous, 6 to 12
mm. long; central spines 1 to 3, dark, when more than one the lower stouter, often 18 mm. long,
hooked; flowers from near top of plant, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, broadly funnel-shaped; outer perianth-
segments ovate, obtuse, short-ciliate; inner perianth-segments purplish, sometimes with whitish
margins, obovate, acuminate; style longer than stamens, purplish; stigma-lobes 7 or 8, linear,
green; fruit clavate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, scarlet; seeds black, shining, pitted, globose, 0.8 to 1 mm.
in diameter.
Type locality: ‘‘On the Gila, 3,000 to 4,000 feet above the sea.”’
Distribution: Southwestern Texas and Chihuahua to Arizona and Sonora; recorded
from southern California and southern Utah.
Fics. 173 and 174.—Neomammillaria microcarpa.
Neomammullaria microcarpa has long been a favorite in living collections under the
name of Mammullaria grahami, but it does not do well in cultivation and soon dies out.
This plant is generally known under the name of Mammiullaria grahamu. The specific
name must now give place to an older one, microcarpa. Mammiullaria microcarpa was based
on a drawing made by J. M. Stanly, the artist on W. H. Emory’s famous expedition across
the continent. This drawing was sent to Dr. George Engelmann by Colonel Emory, early
in 1848, with the following note: ‘‘November 4, 1846, abundant.’”’ From Emory’s narra-
tive map of his journey published later, in 1848, we know that on that date his camp was
on the eastern side of the Gila and only one day’s trip by pack train from the mouth of the
San Pedro. His camp was ‘‘in a grove of cacti of all kinds; among them being the huge
pitahaya [Carnegiea gigantea], one of which was 50 feet high.”’ For years we have been
striving to have this plant re-collected from the type locality; in 1908 Dr. Rose made an
unsuccessful attempt to reach Emory’s station.
Finally, at Dr. Rose’s request, Mrs. Ruth C. Ross, on June 11, 1922, visited the locality
at which Emory’s party was camped on November 4, 1846, where he had said that the
little Mammiullaria was abundant. The Mammullaria which Mrs. Ross found there, also
in some abundance, was the plant which has long passed as M. grahami. Mrs. Ross
156 THE CACTACEAE.
deserves great credit for the enthusiasm which she has shown in visiting this remote
locality and clearing up a botanical puzzle which had remained unsolved for 70 years.*
We have not seen any California or Utah plants and we suspect that the material
so-named from those states may belong to the genus Phellosperma, which resembles this
species in its hooked central spine. The plant is undoubtedly found in northern Mexico,
but how far south it extends we are in doubt.
The variety Mammillaria grahamii californica has not been described.
Illustrations: Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. No. 3, as Mammullaria microcarpa; Cact.
Mex. Bound. pl. 6, f. 1 to8; Bol. Direccion de Estudios Biol. 2:f. 2; Riimpler, Sukkulenten
199. f. 112; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 254. f. 176; Remark, Kakteenfreund 16, as M.
grahami; Cact. Journ. 1: 171, as W. grayhamiz.
Figures 170 and 173 are from photographs of the plants collected by Dr. Rose from the
northern end of the Tucson Mountains, Arizona, April 22, 1908; figure 174 is from a
photograph of a plant collected by Mrs. Ross at the type locality.
CACTUS ESCHANZIERI Coulter, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 104. 1894.
““Depressed-globose, 3 cm. in diameter, simple; tubercles broader at base, 6 to 8 mm. long,
with naked axils; spines all pubescent; radials 15 to 20, with dusky tips, the lateral 10 to 12 mm.
long, the lower weaker, shorter, and curved, the upper shorter; solitary central spines reddish
slender, somewhat twisted, usually hooked upwards, 15 to 25 mm. long; flowers red (?); fruit
reddish (?), ovate, about 10 mm. long; seeds reddish, oblique-obovate, 1.2 mm. long, pitted, with
subventral hilum.”’
It is stated at the original place of publication that the type collected by Eschanzier
in 1901 was in the herbarium of Coulter, but it can not be found and is probably lost.
Coulter says that it resembles Cactus grahami, but judging from the description and its
habitat it is not very near that species. Itis evidently a Neomammiullaria, possibly referable
to one of the many species which have been described from San Luis Potosi.
132. Neomammillaria milleri sp. nov.
Globose to elongated cylindric, sometimes more than 2 dm. long and up to 8 cm. in diameter;
tubercles closely set, rather thick, nearly 1 cm. long, the axils not bristly and seemingly always
naked; radial spines about 20, widely spreading, 12 mm. long or less, white, with brownish tips;
central spines 2 to 4, one or all hooked at apex, brown, about 2 mm. long; flowers campanulate,
about 2 cm. long, the limb 2.5 cm. broad, purple to nearly pink; inner perianth-segments similar to
the outer, oblong, the margins a little paler and somewhat undulate, the apex usually obtuse, often
rounded, rarely acute; stamens pale purple; style white; stigma-lobes 7 to 9, linear, yellowish to
cream-colored; fruit clavate, scarlet, 1.5 em. long; seeds black.
Collected by Dr. Gerrit S. Miller jr., near Phoenix in 1921, and by Mrs. Bly near
Kingman, June 29, 1921, and in 1922. It has been observed by C. R. Orcutt near Phoenix
(No. 559a, type) and near Wickenburg (No. 559,) during the summer of 1922 and several
fine specimens were sent in by him. He states that it has long been known as “‘Wammil-
laria grahami var.’ and that it suggested at times W/. phellosperma, M. goodridgei, and
M. grahami. It differs, however, from the first in its seeds, from the second in its naked
axils, and from the last in its stouter habit and stronger central spines.
Figure 184a is from a photograph of the type, collected by Mr. Orcutt.
133. Neomammillaria sheldonii sp. nov.
Stems slender-cylindric, about 8 cm. high; axils of tubercles without setae; radial spines 12
to 15, pale with dark tips, the 3 or 4 upper ones darker, a little stouter and 1 or 2 of them subcentral,
the true central erect or porrect, with upturned hook at end; outer perianth-segments ciliate; inner
perianth-segments about 10, broad, acute, light purple with very pale margins; filaments and style
light purple; stigma-lobes 6, green; fruit clavate, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, pale scarlet.
*Mrs. Ross’s label bears this note: On upper terrace on right bank of Gila River in s. e. corner, section 15,
t. 4s. R. 16 E. (Christmas Triangle). From grove of cactus in which we believe Emory camped, Nov. 4, 1846.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XIV
M. E. Eaton del,
4 Hoens Co. Baltima
1. Flowering plant of Veomammillaria kunzeana. 5. Flowering plant of Veomammillaria multiceps.
2. Flowering plant of Neomammillaria bocasana. 6. Flowering plant of Neomammillaria multiceps.
3. Flowering plant of Neomammullaria decipiens. 7. Flowering plant of Veomammillaria palmert.
4. Top of flowering plant of Neomammillaria armillata. 8. Flowering plant of Meomammillaria wildit.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 157
This plant is described chiefly from the specimens collected by Rose, Standley, and
Russell, near Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico (No. 12366, type), but it has also been collected
in Sonora by C. R. Orcutt and by Charles Sheldon, for whom it is named.
The plant differs from the Neomammiullaria microcarpa in its stouter redder spines,
in its heavier and shorter central spine with the hook more uniformly turned upward, and
in its flowers, which appear to be smaller.
Figure 175 shows a plant collected by Rose, Standley, and Russell, in Hermosillo in
1910 (No. 12366), which flowered in Washington.
Fic. 175.—Neomammiillaria sheldonii. Fic. 176.—Neomammillaria carretii.
134. Neomammillaria armillata (K. Brandegee).
Mammillaris armillata K. Brandegee, Zoe 5:7. 1900.
In clusters of 3 to 12, cylindric, sometimes 30 cm. high; tubercles bluish green, somewhat
angled; axils setose and slightly woolly; radial spines 9 to 15, 7 to 12 mm. long, yellowish; central
spines 1 to 4, but usually 2, brownish, the lowest one hooked and a little longer than the others;
flowers 10 to 12 mm. long, greenish to flesh-colored; stigma-lobes greenish, short; fruit red, clavate,
15 to 30 mm. long; seeds black, punctate, constricted just above the base.
Type locality: San José del Cabo.
Distribution: Southern Lower California and on islands adjacent to it.
This species is very common in southern Lower California near the coast. Dr. Rose
in 1911 collected it both at the type locality (No. 16455), and at Cape San Lucas (No.
16374). Similar to this is his plant (No. 16877) from Cerralbo Island off the coast of
Lower California.
Illustration: Grassner, Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 1914: 23, as Mammullaria armuillata.
Plate xiv, figure 4, shows the top of a plant collected by Dr. Rose on Margarita
Island, Lower California, in 1911 (No. 16302); plate xv, figure 2 shows a plant collected by
Dr. Rose on Santa Maria Bay (No. 16276); figure 3 shows the top of a plant collected by
Dr. Rose at San Esteban, Lower California; figure 4 shows another plant from the same
island.
135. Neomammillaria fraileana sp. nov.
Stems elongated, cylindric, 1 to 1.5 dm. long; axils of tubercles naked or containing at most a
single bristle; central spines dark brown, one of them strongly hooked; flowers rather large, pinkish;
158 THE CACTACEAE.
inner perianth-segments acuminate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, often lacerate towards the tip; filaments and
style pinkish, the latter paler and much longer than the stamens; stigma-lobes 6, long and slender,
rose-colored.
Collected by Dr. J. N. Rose on Pichilinque Island, March 27, 1911 (No. 16508, type) ;
on Cerralbo Island, April 19, 1911 (No. 16895); and on Catalina Island, April 16, 1911
(No. 16831).
136. Neomammillaria swinglei sp. now.
Stems cylindric, 1 to 2 dm. long, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter; axils of tubercles more or less setose;
radial spines rather stout for this group, spreading, dull white with dark tips; central spines 4,
ascending, dark brown or black, the lowest one elongated (1 to 1.5 cm. long), hooked at apex or
sometimes straight; outer perianth-segments greenish or sometimes pinkish; margins somewhat
scarious; inner perianth-segments narrowly oblong, nearly white with a brown stripe down center;
style pink, twice as long as the pink filaments; stigma-lobes 8, linear, pointed, green; fruit dark
red, clavate, 14 to 18 mm. long; seeds 1 mm. in diameter, constricted below, black with a large
elliptic basal hilum.
Common about Guaymas, Sonora; flowers and stems described from Rose’s plant
(No. 12568, type) and Johnston’s plant (No. 3086), and the fruit and seeds from one
collected by Swingle; also collected by Dr. W. S. W. Kew in 1920.
In cultivation the inodorous flowers remain open for several days (at least three).
Growing with this species (see Rose, No. 12569) were plants with all the central spines
straight. This may be the plant from Guaymas which Scheer called ‘‘a very robust species
of Mammillaria sphaerica.”’* Neither flowers nor fruit were seen.
137. Neomammillaria dioica (K. Brandegee).
Mammiullaria dioica K. Brandegee, Erythea 5: 115. 1897.
Mammullaria fordii Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 13: 49. 1902.
Either solitary or clustered, cylindric, 5 to 25 cm. high or even higher ;} axils of tubercles woolly
and short-setose; radial spines 11 to 22, white, the tips often brownish to black or rose-colored
throughout, 5 to 7 mm. long, spreading; central spines 3 or 4, brownish, the lower one a little longer
than the others and hooked; flowers borne towards top of plant, yellowish white with purplish
mid-rib, 10 to 22 mm. long, incompletely dioecious; outer and inner perianth-segments usually
6 each; outer perianth-segments reddish, especially along midrib, the inner ones oblong, pale cream-
colored, notched or toothed near apex; style white; stigma-lobes 6, linear, bright yellow to brownish
green; fruit scarlet, clavate, 10 to 25 mm. long; seeds black.
Type locality: West coast of Lower California.
Distribution: Southwestern California and northwestern Lower California. According
to Mr. Orcutt, this plant extends east of the coastal mountains on the border of Imperial
and San Diego Counties.
Although we have not seen the type of Mammiullaria fordi1 we have referred it here
on the advice of Mr. Orcutt, the author of this species.
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 8, f. 9 to 14, as Mammillaria goodridgit.
138. Neomammillaria goodridgei (Scheer).
Mammiullaria goodridget t Scheer in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 91. 1850.
Mammiullaria goodridgii Scheer in Seemann, Bot. Herald 286. 1856.
Cactus goodridgit Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Stems clustered, erect, globose to cylindric, up to 10 em. long, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter;-axils
of tubercles not setose; radial spines 12 to 15, spreading, white, sometimes with dark tips; central
spines usually 1, white below, brown above, hooked; flowers perfect, rose-colored, 15 mm. long;
* Bot. Herald 286.
{ In February 1922, Mr. C. R. Orcutt sent us a single plant from the Mason’s Valley on the eastern side of the
Coast Mountains in San Diego County, California, which was the largest solitary one we had ever seen, being more
than 33 cm. long, to cm. in diameter, and weighed 3 lbs. 13 0z. Three small buds were produced near the middle of the
plant.
{ Given as Mammillaria goodrichit, in error.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XV
M. E. Eaton del. 3 A.Hoen& Co, Balrimore
1. Flowering plant of Meomammillaria bombycina., 4. Flowering plant of Meomammillaria armillata.
2. Flowering plant of Meomammillaria armtllata. 5. Flowering plant of Veomammillaria goodridget.
3. Top of flowering plant of Neomammillaria armillata.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 159
segments oblong, obtuse or retuse; fruit clavate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, scarlet, naked; seeds black,
punctate, with a narrow basal hilum.
Type locality: Cedros Island, off Lower California.
Distribution: Cedros Island and the adjacent mainland of Lower California.
This species was originally collected on Cedros Island, by Mr. J. Goodridge, surgeon
on the Herald during its memorable trip to the western coast of the Americas. The plant,
which was sent to Scheer and named by him, was sent to Prince Salm-Dyck, who described
it without knowing the flowers or fruit. The name has been associated with N. dioica.
Several collectors have visited Cedros Island, but all failed to find Mammiullaria
goodridgei until Dr. Rose collected it in 1911 (No. 16171); he also found it on the nearby
mainland at Abreojos Point (No. 16248). Recently a plant was sent in from near Mulege
by B. F. Hake.
Plate xv, figure 5, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Mulegé, Lower California,
in 1911, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, April 11, 1912.
\
PA
=
Fic. 177.-—Neomammillaria zephyranthoides.
139. Neomammillaria zephyranthoides (Scheidweiler).
Mammillaria zephyranthoides Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9:41. 1841.
Mammillaria fennelii Hopffer, Allg. Gartenz. 11:3. 1843.
Cactus zephyranthodes Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Depressed-globose to short-cylindric, up to 8 cm. high, 10 cm. in diameter; tubercles about 2 cm.
long; radial spines 14 to 18, 8 to 10 mm. long, very slender, white; central spines 1 (Sometimes 2),
larger than the radials and hooked, at first purple, but in age yellowish at base; flowers 3 to 4 cm.
broad with rotate limb; perianth-segments white with red stripes; fruit and seeds unknown.
Type locality: Oaxaca, altitude about 2,300 meters.
Distribution: Oaxaca, Mexico.
160 THE CACTACEAE.
We have followed previous authors in referring here Mammullaria fennelui and Pfeiffer’s
illustration, based on his statement that the type plant was abnormal and much smaller
than the one figured and with smaller tubercles.
The plant was in flower at Erfurt, Germany, where Dr. Rose studied it in 1912.
Illustrations: Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 8, as Mammiullaria zephyranthiflora;
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 254. f. 175, as Mammiullaria zephyranthoides.
Figure 177 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above.
140. Neomammillaria carretii (Rebut).
Mammullaria carretit Rebut in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 542. 1898.
Solitary, dull green, globose, depressed, small, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles cylindric; axils
of tubercles naked; radial spines 14, subulate, spreading, recurved, nearly clothing the plant, long,
yellowish; central spine 1, slender, chestnut-brown, hooked; flowers 2.5 cm. long; inner petianth-
segments white, streaked with rose; fruit and seeds unknown.
Fic. 178.—Neomammillaria bombycina. Fic. 179.—Neomammillaria occidentalis.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Doubtless Mexico, but no definite locality known.
We have not seen this species and know it only from descriptions and illustrations.
It is related to Neomammiullaria saffordii but radial spines are yellow, flowers white
with a streak of rose, and probably larger throughout.
Illustrations: Grassner, Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 1912: 18; 1914: 24, as Mammillaria
carretit.
Figure 176 is reproduced from a photograph sent us by L. Quehl in 1921.
141. Neomammillaria jaliscana sp. nov.
Cespitose, globose, 5 em. in diameter, bright green; tubercles in 13 rows, 4 to 5 mm. high;
radial spines 30 or more, at right angles to the tubercles; central spines 4 to 6, reddish brown,
darker toward the tips, one of them strongly hooked; axils naked; flowers pinkish to purplish,
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 161
delicately fragrant, 1 cm. broad when fully expandgd; outer segments ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse
with a more or less serrulate margin; inner perianth-segments oblong, obtuse; filaments pinkish;
stigma-lobes 3 or 4, white; fruit white, 8 mm. long; seeds black.
Collected by J. N. Rose at Rio Blanco, near Guadalajara, Mexico, in September 1903
(No. 858, type), by C. R. Orcutt near Guadalajara and by B. P. Reko from the same locality
in 1922 (No. 4410).
Dr. Rose introduced this species into cultivation but his plants all died. It flowered
with us in March 1904 and again in 1923.
142. Neomammillaria bombycina (Quehl).
Mammullaria bombycina Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 149. 1910.
Cylindric, 15 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles spiraled, obtuse; young areoles
conspicuously white-woolly; radial spines numerous, acicular, widely spreading, short, 1 cm. long
or less; central spines 4, elongated, a little spreading, those toward the top of plant erect, 2 cm.
long, brown except at base, the lower one hooked; flowers from near top, light purple, about 1 cm.
long; perianth-segments narrowly oblong; filaments and style pinkish; stigma-lobes 4, purplish.
Fic. 179a.—Neomammiillaria occidentalis.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
We have had this plant in cultivation for a number of years. It is a very attractive
plant, the top being covered by a mass of white hairs which come from the closely set young
tubercles.
Mammiullaria cordigera Heese resembles this species very much in its spines and form,
but is described as with grooved tubercles, which would exclude it from this genus (see
page 50).
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 151, as Mammillaria bombycina.
Plate xv, figure 1, shows a plant received by Dr. Rose from M. de Laet in 1910 and
probably from the type collection. Figure 178 is from a photograph of another plant
from the same collection.
143. Neomammillaria occidentalis sp. nov.
Cespitose, the branches slender, cylindric, 10 em. high, densely spiny; radial spines about 12,
yellowish, spreading; central spines 4 or 5, reddish or brown, one of them longer and hooked;
flowers small, 1 cm. long, pink; stigma-lobes 9, slender; fruit said to be red. -
Collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico, December 1890 (No.
1053, type) and again from the same locality by Stephen E. Aguirre, American Vice-
Consul-in-Charge, October 1922. Dr. Palmer’s field notes say:
162 THE CACTACEAE.
““A cactus quite plentiful among rocks in exposed places. Three flowers of a pink color and three
red fruits were collected. The specimens of the plants collected were cut off close to the ground;
they are a fair sample of plants of the average height and diameter, but in drying they shrink to
three-fourths their original dimensions.”
Figure 179 is from a photograph of a plant from the type collection; figure 179a is
from a photograph of the plants referred to above, sent by Mr. Aguirre.
144, Neomammillaria fasciculata (Engelmann).
Mammillaria fasciculata Engelmann in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848.
Cactus fasciculatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Mammillaria thornberit Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 12: 161. 1902.
Forming clumps, often containing many plants (as many as 110 have been noted), slender-
cylindric, usually 5 to 8 cm., but sometimes 30 cm. high; axils of tubercles naked; radial spines 13
to 20, slender, 5 to 7 mm. long, white, with dark brown or nearly black tips; central spine usually
I, sometimes 2 or 3, often much elongated and 18 mm. long, brownish or black, one (sometimes all)
strongly hooked; flowers broadly funnel-shaped, purplish; inner perianth-segments broad, acute;
fruit short-clavate, scarlet, 8 mm. long; seeds black.
Fic. 180.—Neomammillaria fasciculata. Fic. 181.—Neomammillaria longiflora.
Type locality: Along the Gila River.
Distribution: Southern Arizona.
This plant was found by Emory, October 20, 1846, on the Gila River, 3,000 or 4,000
feet above the sea, and was afterwards described by Engelmann from the sketch made in
the field; for more that 50 years afterwards the plant remained otherwise unknown.
About 1902 it was rediscovered by Professor Thornber and Mr. Orcutt near Tucson. On
this latter collection Mr. Orcutt based Mammiullaria thornber1, but he afterwards referred
it to M. fasciculata; he is now inclined to question this reduction and thinks that M.
fasciculata may be a species of Echinocereus. Engelmann, however, pointed out, when
he described this species, that the spines were not arranged in vertical ribs as in Echinoce-
reus. While we have not been able to prove beyond doubt the identity of the two names,
as there is only one plant of this habit known from southeastern Arizona, we have
admitted only one species and have used for it the older name; if a second species is
afterwards found it may then be necessary to revise our conclusions. The plant has been
collected several times since 1902 but it is still rare.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 163
Illustration: Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. f. 2, as Mammillaria fasciculata.
Figure 180 is from a photograph of a plant collected by F. E. Lloyd near Tucson in
1906.
145. Neomammillaria nelsonii sp. nov.
Globose, 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles numerous, small, terete, apparently not milky, 5 to 7
mm. long, their axils naked; radial spines about 15, acicular, white, 6 to 8 mm. long, spreading;
central spines several, all like the radials; but one of them elongated, stouter and longer than the
others, brown to black, strongly hooked, 12 to 15 mm. long; flowers unknown; fruit very slender,
clavate, 3 cm. long or more, red, few-seeded; seeds globose, black, rugose, 2 mm. in diameter; hilum
basal, triangular, white, depressed.
Collected by E. W. Nelson on cliffs at La Salada, Michoacan, Mexico, March 23,
1903 (No. 6932).
This plant in its form and in the color and shape of the fruit agrees with Neomammil-
laria but differs from all the species we know in its rather large rugose black seeds. It some-
what resembles Neomammillaria zephyranthoides.
Figure 182 shows the fruit, spine-cluster, and seed of the type.
146. Neomammillaria longiflora sp. nov.
Solitary or clustered, small, 3 cm. in diameter, apparently not at all milky; tubercles small,
terete, not grooved on upper side, 5 to 7 mm. long, rather closely set and nearly hidden by the spines;
radial spines about 30, acicular, 10 to 13 mm. long, yellow or straw-colored, somewhat spreading;
central spines 4, reddish brown, much stouter than the radials, 3 of them straight, about length of
radials, r of them hooked at apex, twice as long as others; flowers several, even on small plants,
borne near top, 2 cm. long or more, with a distinct narrow tube; perianth-segments pinkish, oblong,
acute; ovary very small, ovoid, more or less sunken in the axils, thin above and perhaps opening
by an operculum, the lower part with the seeds persisting for years; seed nearly globose, minutely
pitted, 1 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, black with a prominent white hilum.
(ef
Fic. 182.—Fruit, spine-cluster, Fic. 183.—Seed and spine-cluster of
and seed of N. nelsonii. N. longiflora.
Collected at Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango, by Dr. Edward Palmer in 1897 (No. 89).
We have repeatedly studied this curious plant during the last 25 years, but have never
been able to identify it or reach a definite conclusion as to its relationship. Our material
consists of a single plant split down one side, bearing several withered flowers, and two
detached flowers. Recently, we were sent a photograph of a cactus from Mexico, labeled
Mammullaria n. sp., Sierra de Cacaria S. de Ulama, which seemed to be Dr. Palmer’s plant
and led us to make a detailed study of it. One of the peculiarities was the absence of
an exserted ovary, so conspicuous in all the Neomammillaria. ‘The cut stem showed an
exposed sunken ovary, and by mere chance an old fruit with ripe seeds, probably several
years old, was found in the axils of one of the oldest tubercles. As described above, the
seeds are very unlike those of any species of Neomammillaria.
164 THE CACTACEAE.
Figure 181 is a reproduction of the photograph mentioned above; figure 183 shows the
seed and spine-cluster of the type.
147. Neomammillaria tacubayensis (Fedde).
Mammillaria tacubayensis Fedde, Nov. Gen. Sp. Ind. 1905. 443. 1905.
Globose, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter; radial spines 35 to 40, white, 3 to 5 mm. long; central spines
1, black, 5 to 6 mm. long, hooked; flower 1.5 cm. long.
Type locality: Near Tacubaya, Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
We know the plant only from the original description and illustration.
Illustration: Gartenflora 53: 214. f. 33, as Mammiullaria stella de Tacubaya (but
legend placed under figure 32).
148. Neomammillaria umbrina (Ehrenberg).
Mammillaria umbrina Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 287. 1849.
Cactus umbrinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Simple or becoming cespitose, cylindric, 10 to 12.5 cm. high, dull green; tubercles conic;
axils of tubercles naked; radial spines 22 to 25, spreading, white, 4 to 6 mm. long; central spines
4, 3 being 8 to 10 mm. long, one being 20 to 24 mm. long, hooked; flowers large, 2 cm. long; inner
perianth-segments about 15, narrowly lanceolate, acute, purple; stamens numerous, described as
connivent, white; style filiform, longer than the stamens; stigma-lobes 7, green.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Hidalgo, according to Schumann.
We know this species from description only; it is peculiar in having hooked spines and
large flowers; it resembles somewhat Neomammullaria zephyranthoides but is undoubtedly
distinct.
149. Neomammillaria verhaertiana (Bédeker).
Mammillaria verhaertiana Bodeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 152. 1912.
Solitary, short-cylindric; tubercles subconic, their axils setose; radial spines 20 or more
yellowish, setaceous, 1 cm. long, glabrous; central spines 4 to 8, stouter than the radials, brown at
tip, one of them hooked at apex; flowers white, 2 cm. long, appearing in a circle below top of plant;
outer perianth-segments broadly lanceolate, yellowish white; anthers rose-colored; style rose;
stigma-lobes 8 or 9. :
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Known only from the
type locality.
We know the plant only from descrip-
tions and illustrations and a few-spine-clus-
ters sent us by L. Quehl. Bodeker placed
it next to Mammullaria spinosissima, but
unlike that species one of the central spines
is hooked.
The species is named for Francois
Verhaert.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
22: 153, as Mammiullaria verhaertiana.
150. Neomammillaria xanthina sp. nov.
Depressed-globose, 7 em. high, 8 to 9 em.
broad, dull bluish green; axils of tubercles and
spine-areoles densely white-woolly when young,
glabrate in age; tubercles lactiferous, broader
than high, the free part about 5 mm. long, some-
what flattened dorsally, arranged in 34 spiral Fic. 184.—Neomammillaria xanthina.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 165
rows; spine-areole circular, small; radial spines 10 to 12, spreading, acicular, white, 4 mm. long or less;
central spines 2, stouter, but not much longer than the radials, somewhat brownish, more or less erect ;
flowers from the top of the plant but in the axils of old tubercles, the tube not exserted and the limb
appressed against the adjacent tubercles; perianth rotate, 16 mm. broad, its segments, stamens, and
style pale lemon-yellow; outer perianth-segments oblong, obtuse with ciliate margins, the inner
a little longer than the outer, usually entire, oblong, usually retuse at apex, sometimes apiculate.
Sent by B. P. Reko (No. 4401) but collected by A. Groeschner from the vicinity of
Monte Mercado, Durango, Mexico, in 1922 and flowered in Washington in May 1923.
Figure 184 is from a photograph of the type specimen.
LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES PROBABLY OF THIS GENUS.
MAMMILLARIA ALPINA Martius in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 79. 1850.
Cactus alpinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
This plant has not been identified. Its large flowers, 2.5 cm. broad, suggest a species
of Coryphantha. It was collected by Karwinsky in the state of Oaxaca.
MAMMILLARIA BELLATULA Forster, Allg. Gartenz. 15:51. 1847.
Cactus bellatulus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891.
Spherical, somewhat compressed, bright green; tubercles broadly cone-shaped, 4 mm. long, their
axils naked; spine-areoles white-woolly when young; radial spines 12 to 16, whitish, bristle-like,
spreading, 6 to 8 mm. long; central spines 2, straight, one pointing downward, the other upward, 12
to 16 mm. long, at first almost black, grayish brown in age; flowers and fruit unknown.
This species is said to have been grown from Brazilian seed; if this were true it would
exclude it from this genus and for this reason Schumann questioned whether it might not
be an Echinocactus. Judging from the description we believe that it is closely related to
Neomammillaria elegans and is probably of Mexican origin.
MAMMILLARIA BERGI Miquel, Comment. Phytogr. 104. 1840.
Simple, subglobose, glaucous green; tubercles somewhat 4-angled at base, nearly terete above,
woolly in the axils; spine-areoles woolly when young, becoming naked; spines 4, spreading, the
uppermost one largest.
This plant is from Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA CAESPITITIA De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 112. 1828.
Mammillaria nitida Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9: 42. 1841.
Cactus caespititius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Densely cespitose, the clump 10 cm. in diameter; joints globose, 2.5 cm. in diameter; tubercles
small, ovate; spines straight, rigid, when young whitish yellow, in age gray; radial spines 9 or 10;
central spines 1 or 2, longer than the radials, erect; flowers and fruit unknown.
Both Pfeiffer and Schumann overlooked this species and it is doubtful if it can ever
be identified. The plant was collected by Thomas Coulter in Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA CONICA Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 71. 1819.
Tubercles large, conic; spines less than 10, all radial, red but paler at base; flowers and fruit
unknown.
Neither Pfeiffer nor Schumann knew this species or its origin. The Index Kewensis
refers it to South America. If from that region it must be a species of Discocactus, near
-D. placentiformuis.
166 THE CACTACEAE.
MAMMILLARIA DIACENTRA Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24: 91. 1856.
Globose, about 7 cm. in diameter; tubercles milky, rhomboid at base, not setose in their axils;
radial spines 5 or 6, white, with blackish tips; central spines 2, stouter and longer than the radials,
grayish, with blackish tips, the lower centrals 2.5 cm. long or more; flowers small, reddish; style
rose-colored: stigma-lobes 6.
This species was unknown to Schumann, and we are unable to group it; its origin is
not recorded.
MAMMILLARIA FLAVESCENS Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 71. 1819.
Cactus mammullaris lanuginosus De Candolle, Pl. Succ. 111. 1799.
Cactus flavescens De Candolle, Cat. Hort. Monosp. 83. 1813.
Mammillaria straminea Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 71. 1819.
Cactus stramineus Sprengel, Syst. 2: 494. 1825, as to name.
Mammullaria simplex flavescens Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 573. 1898.
This plant was first described in 1799 by De Candolle as “var. B” of Cactus mam-
millaris or Cactus mammillaris lanuginosus (Pl. Succ. pl. 111); at this time he referred
to it certain citations of Plumier and Hermann which we now know belong to Neomammiul-
laria prolifera and N. mammillaris respectively. ‘This variety was raised to specific rank
by De Candolle in 1813 as Cactus flavescens (Cact. Hort. Monosp. 83). From the more
detailed description then given it is clear that Cactus flavescens can not be referred to
either NV. prolifera or N. mammillaris. It was transferred to the genus Mammiullaria by
Haworth in 1819, but he added little information except the statement that it had been
in cultivation in the Chelsea Garden before 1811.
The question has been raised whether this plant is really West Indian. It is true that
De Candolle does not state its origin, but it would be indicated that he believed that it was
West Indian by his treating it as a variety of the common West Indian species and by his
referring to it several West Indian descriptions when he later published it as a species.
Pfeiffer states that it is tropical American. As Neomammillaria mammillaris is the only
species known from South America it could not have come from that continent, and at
that time no Mammiullaria had been discovered in the United States or Mexico. Forster
jn 1846 says that it is West Indian, and this was Schumann’s conclusion.
MAMMILLARIA FLAVICOMA Hortus in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 298. 1885.
This species was described from garden plants of unknown origin. Schumann does not
mention it in his monograph and it has remained unknown.
MAMMILLARIA GRISEA Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 110. 1850.
Cactus griseus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Stout, short-cylindric, ro to 12.5 cm. high, 7.5 cm. in diameter; tubercles glaucous-green,
somewhat 4-angled, their axils woolly and setose; radial spines 10 to 12, spreading, short, rigid,
white; central spines 4 to 6, white, with brown or blackish tips, on greenhouse plants 10 to 15 mm.
long, but on wild plants 5 cm. long or more; flower and fruit unknown.
This is perhaps different from Mammiullaria grisea Galeotti (Forster, Handb. Cact.
219. 1846), which was never described.
MAMMILLARIA HEINEI Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 2: 833. 1844.
Cactus heinei Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Schumann thought that this name was referable to Wammiullaria umbrina but we have
not been able to satisfy ourselves that the two are the same.
Much confusion is found in the spelling of the name; it sometimes appears as 1.
haynu and M. haynei. Salm-Dyck transfers two species of Ehrenberg to varieties of 1.
haynu but both are unknown to us. These varieties are as follows: var. viridula Salm-Dyck
(Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 10. 1850; MW. viridula Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 267. 1848),
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 167
and var. minima Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck 1849. 10. 1850; M. digitalis Ehrenberg,
Allg. Gartenz. 16: 267. 1848).
MAMMILLARIA HELICTERES De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 31. pl. 5. 1828.
This name was based on Mocifio and Sessé’s drawing of a Mexican plant, which has
never since been definitely identified. It was called by them Cactus helicteres (De Candolle,
Prodr. 3: 460. 1828), but it was renamed Mammiullaria convoluta by St. Lager (Ann. Soc.
Bot. Lyon 7: 130. 1880). The published drawing indicates that the plant is of this genus.
MAMMILLARIA HEXACANTHA Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 344. 1834.
Cactus hexacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Solitary, short-cylindric; tubercles somewhat compressed, light green; areoles ovate to oblong
when young, white-tomentose, glabrate in age; radial spines 25 to 30, white, 4 mm. long; central
spines 6, stouter than the radials, brown, the 4 lateral ones 8 mm. long, the uppermost ones a little
longer, the lowermost ones 18 mm. long, somewhat deflexed; flowers and fruit unknown.
This plant, which is of Mexican origin, is unknown to us except from description;
Schumann referred it to Mammiullaria coronaria, but it has nothing to do with that plant.
MAMMILLARIA IRREGULARIS De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 111. 1828.
Cactus irregularis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cespitose, 5 cm. high, with a subtuberous base; joints ovoid, 2.5 cm. in diameter; spines all
radial, 20 to 25, spreading or somewhat reflexed; flowers and fruit unknown.
This plant was collected by T. Coulter (No. 31). It has never been re-identified.
It was grown at the Botanical Garden at Geneva, Switzerland, at the time the description
was published but, unfortunately, no specimens were preserved; other types based on
Coulter’s plants are similarly lost and can never be certainly identified.
MAMMILLARIA JOOSSENSIANA Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18:95. 1908.
Simple, globose to cylindric, up to 5 cm. high, 3 cm. in diameter, pale green, slightly depressed
at apex; young areoles white-woolly; radial spines 20, slender-subulate, straight, white, 12 mm.
long; central spines 4, stouter than the radials, 15 mm. long or more, one of them often hooked;
flowers small, yellow.
We know this plant, which is a native of Mexico, only from description and two small
plants sent us by Frantz de Laet in 1922. Quehl places it in Schumann’s classification
just after 17. amoena, although one of the central spines is hooked.
MAMMILLARIA LESAUNIERI Rebut in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 533. 18098.
Simple, globose, or a little longer than broad; tubercles conic, their axils naked; radial spines
11 to 13, slender, subulate, straight, white, 6 to 8 mm. long; central spines solitary, very short (5
mm. long or less), brownish, erect; flowers reddish, 2.5 cm. long.
Type locality: Described from cultivated plants.
Distribution: Supposed to be Mexico proper or Lower California.
This species is supposed to have the habit of Mammiullaria heydert.
Here probably belongs Mammiullaria lassonneriet Rebut (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7:
29. 1897), a garden name of which we have found no accompanying description. The
dealer, Grassner, in his Catalogue of Cacti for 1912 (p. 21) and 1914 (p. 33) has illustrated
M. lassauniert.
MAMMILLARIA LEUCOCENTRA Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 130. 1840.
Cactus leucocentrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Ovoid, about 10 cm. high; tubercles ovoid, their axils very white-woolly; young spine-areoles
white-tomentose at first, becoming naked; radial spines spreading, numerous, setose, white; central
spines 4 to 6, stouter and longer than the radials, white throughout or with black.
Recorded from Oaxaca, but not identified.
168 THE CACTACEAE.
MAMMILLARIA LORICATA Martius in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 13. 1837.
Echinocactus loricatus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 107. 1853.
Coryphantha loricata Lemaire, Cactées 35. 1868.
Cactus loricatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Solitary, simple, globose, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter, glaucous-green; tubercles short-ovate, 4-angled
at base; radial spines 12, spreading, rigid, yellow, 6 to 8 mm. long; central spines 2, stouter than
the radials, 8 to 10 mm. long, black at tip, the upper one straight, the lower one curved; flowers and
fruit not described.
This plant is recorded as of Mexican origin, but we have found no description of it
subsequent to the original and it may never be identified. Forster referred it to Mammiul-
laria polythele, but Schumann did not know it.
Mammillaria heteracantha was referred here as a synonym by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact.
13. 1837). This plant was mentioned by Martius (Verz. Konig. Bot. Gard. Miinchen
127. 1829), but so far as we can learn was never described.
MAMMILLARIA MONOCENTRA Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24:90. 1856.
Depressed-globose, up to 12 cm. high, about 8 cm. in diameter, umbilicate at apex; tubercles
milky, somewhat rhomboid at=base, a little flattened, not setose in their axils; radial spines 6,
white with black tips, a little spreading; central spine solitary, stouter and longer than the radials,
about 2.5 cm. long; flowers rather large, rose-colored; style rose-colored; stigma-lobes 6, reddish
yellow.
Jacobi referred this plant, presumably of Mexican origin, to the group Angulosae-
tetragonae of Salm-Dyck.
Schumann placed it among his list of little-known species; we know it from descrip-
tion only.
MaMMILLARIA NERVOSA CRISTATA Journ. Hort. Home Farm. m1. 60: (?) 7. 1910.
We know this plant only from a brief description and an illustration on pages 7 and
8 of the journal here cited:
“ Mammillaria nervosus cristatus* grows in convoluted sinuous masses like a great brain-mass.
The growths are covered with spiny mamillae (whence the name of the genus) and are of a dull
olive-brownish hue. It, too, is Mexican.”
We are not able to place this plant; it resembles the cristate form sometimes assumed
by Pediocactus simpsonii and also resembles Mammiullaria bicolor as shown by the illustra-
tion under M. daedalea.
Illustration: Journ. Hort. Home Farm. m1. 60: 8 (or 7).
MAMMILLARIA NICHOLSONI Journ. Hort. Home Farm. m1. 60:7. 1910.
We know this species only from the illustration referred to below and the following
brief note taken from the place of publication:
““Mammillaria nicholsont resembles several of the Echinocactuses in external form. It was
named we believe in honor of the late Mr. George Nicholson and came to Kew from the Swanley
Collection. All our illustrations were secured at Kew where the collection is well cultivated. MW.
nicholsoni forms spherical masses with the typical protuberances or tubercles, these being tipped
with sharp spines.”
It is doubtless of Mexican origin.
Illustration: Journ. Hort. Home Farm. m1. 60: 9.
MAMMILLARIA NUDA De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 460. 1828.
This is based on Cactus nudus (Mocifio and Sessé, Pl. Mex. Sc. ined.), but has never been
subsequently identified. It was also taken up by Otto Kuntze as Cactus nudus (Rev. Gen.
* This is the original spelling.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 169
Pl. 1: 261. 1891). ‘The original description was based on a drawing and calls for a cylindric,
unbranched plant, bearing unarmed tubercles and rose-colored flowers.
MAMMILLARIA PICTA Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 27. 1858.
Cactus pictus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Globose to ovoid, dull green; tubercles cylindric, somewhat oblique, obtuse, their axils setose;
spines pubescent; radial spines 12, yellowish at base, white near middle, above dark purple;
central spines 1 (rarely 2), erect; flowers greenish white; stigma-lobes 3.
This species is known from the description only. It was recorded as from Mexico.
MaAMMILLARIA PLECOSTIGMA Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 27. 1858.
Mammullaria plecostigma major Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1:27. 1858.
Mammullaria plecostigma minor Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1:27. 1858.
Cactus plecostigma Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Proliferous, the joints cylindric; tubercles cylindric, the apex oblique and rounded, with setae
in their axils; radial spines 16 to 20, setaceous, white; central spines 3 or 4, at first yellow, becoming
brown, one hooked at apex; flowers and fruit unknown. :
Presumably of this genus and recorded as of Mexican origin; but not identified since
it was described.
MAMMILLARIA PLINTHIMORPHA Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24:92. 1856.
Cespitose, forming clumps 15 cm. in diameter or more; joints globose; tubercles 4-angled,
obtuse, bearing yellowish white wool in their axils; spines 4, subulate, somewhat angled, flesh-colored
with blackish tips, the upper one the longest and sometimes more than 2.5 cm. long; flowers not
known.
This plant was collected by Galeotti in Mexico in 1847; we do not know it and it was
listed by Schumann among his little-known species.
MAMMILLARIA PULCHRA Haworth in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1329. 1830.
Cactus pulcher Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
This species, which has yellow spines and dark-red flowers, was referred by Schumann,
doubtfully, to Mammiullaria centricirrha, and by Pfeiffer with doubt to /. tentaculata.
MAMMILLARIA RUTILA Zuccarini in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 29. 1837.
Cactus rutilus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Simple, globose; axils of tubercles nearly naked; tubercles 1 cm. long, conic, dull green;
areoles when young tomentose; radial spines 14 to 16, setiform, the upper ones smaller, 4 to 8 mm.
long; central spines 4 to 6, spreading, rigid, 8 to 12 mm. long, curved, reddish brown, the lower one
longest.
Type locality: Mexico.
This name is referred by Schumann to MW. coronaria.
M. rutila pallidior Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850) was never described,
while MM. eugenia (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 11. 1850) is given as a synonym
of VM. rutila.
M. rutila octospina Scheidweiler (Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux.6: 91. 1839) is briefly described.
MAMMILLARIA SAXATILIS Scheer, Bot. Herald 286. 1856.
Cactus saxatilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Plant small; spines brownish to straw-colored.
Only two plants were collected, somewhere in Mexico, by Potts and sent to Scheer;
the flowers and fruit were not described. The species may never be identified.
MaMMILLARIA SCHMERWITZzII Haage in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2.270. 1885.
Depressed-globose, 10 cm. in diameter, grassy green; radial spines 10 to 25, yellow, 4 to 5 mm.
long; central spines 4 or 5, dark brown, 15 mm. long; flowers red.
170 THE CACTACEAE.
This plant, recorded as of Mexican origin, was at one time offered for sale by A. Blanc
and Company; we know it only from description and are unable to identify it.
MAMMMILLARIA SEEMANNII Scheer in Seemann, Bot. Herald 288. 1856.
Cactus seemannii Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Hemispheric, stout, ro cm. in diameter, 7.5 cm. high; tubercles somewhat ovoid, elongated,
greenish, minutely punctate, their axils soon white-woolly; radial spines 11 to 13, nearly equal, less
than 6 mm. long; central spines 1, shorter than the radials, subulate, straight, erect, blackish purple,
becoming white.
This plant was sent to F. Scheer in 1850, who states that it came from Sonora or
Durango. It is incompletely described and can not be identified. It may be a species of
Coryphantha.
MAMMILLARIA SORORIA Meinshausen, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1:28. 1858.
Cactus sororius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Depressed-globose, 5 to 6 em. high, 7.5 to 10 cm. in diameter, milky; tubercles angled, 12 mm.
long, naked in their axils; radial spines 6, 4 mm. long; central spines 1, erect, stouter than the
radials, blackish at apex; flowers greenish purple; stigma-lobes 4.
Recorded as of Mexican origin but otherwise unknown.
MAMMILLARIA SPINAUREA Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 594. 1850.
Cactus spinaureus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Globose or becoming depressed; tubercles light green, somewhat 4-angled, gibbous at base,
obtuse and oblique at apex, their axils woolly; radial spines about 12, slender, rigid, spreading;
central spines 5 or 6, twice as long and stouter than the radials, recurved or reflexed, yellow.
The above was sent by John Potts from Chihuahua in 1850; Scheer thought that it
might have been collected in Durango or Sonora. We have not been able to identify it.
MAMMILLARIA SUAVEOLENS Riimpler in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 297. 1885.
About 4 cm. high; radial spines 13 to 15; central spines 4, brown; flowers and fruit unknown.
The above is unidentifiable from the brief description. It was grown in Germany
from Mexican seed.
MAMMILLARIA TROHARTIL Hildmann in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 586. 1898.
Simple or proliferous and densely cespitose, globose or somewhat depressed, glaucous-green,
small (6 cm. in diameter); axils naked; areoles at first woolly, afterwards naked; tubercles very
small, scarcely angled; radial spines 5, with brown tips; central spines solitary, dark brown, subulate;
flowers and fruit unknown.
M. troharti is of Mexican origin.
MAMMILLARIA UNISETA Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 128. 1904.
Solitary, globose, about 5 cm. in diameter, somewhat depressed at apex; tubercles dark green,
4-angled; spines 6, about 3 mm. long, at first black, changing to gray; flowers and fruit unknown.
This plant was described from a specimen in the Botanical Garden at Halle of unknown
origin, but doubtless from Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA VIPERINA J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 148. 1912.
Cespitose, decumbent, cylindric, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter; tubercles very short, sometimes
nearly globular; spines numerous, 5 mm. long, whitish brown to brownish black; flowers and fruit
unknown.
This plant came from Rio de Zapotitlan, Puebla; we know it only from description
and the very characteristic published illustration. Quehl, who had seen it, said that it
was a form of Mammillaria elongata. We believe that it is near WV. sphacelata and perhaps
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 171
a distinct species. The plant figured by Grassner (Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 38. 1914) shows
nearly upright branches.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 21, as Mammillaria viperina.
MAMMILLARIA ZEYERIANA Haage jr. in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 574. 1808.
Simple, hemispheric to short-cylindric, up to 10 cm. high, pale glaucous-green; tubercles in 13
or 21 spirals, terete, 10 to 12 mm. long, their axils naked; spine-areoles elliptic, 3 mm. long; radial
spines 10, white; central spines 4, the uppermost one curved, 15 mm. long, brownish; flowers and
fruit unknown.
Described from Mexican plants; supposed to be of Mexican origin.
PLANTS KNOWN BY NAME ONLY.
Mammillaria acicularis Lemaire (Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 34. 1839) was described without
the flowers, fruit, or native country being known and has not been identified; here belongs
Cactus acicularis (Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891), but C. acicularis (Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891) based on some name of Lehmann we have not been able to find.
Mammillaria aulacantha, referred by Schumann and the Index Kewensis to De
Candolle’s Revision (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 113. 1828), is not to be found at the
place cited by them; here probably belongs Cactus aulacanthus Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:
260. 1891).
Mammillaria benecket Ehrenberg (Forster, Handb. Cact. 210. 1846; Cactus beneckei
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891) was referred to MW. coronaria by Schumann.
Mammillaria brandi is described in Blanc, Hints on Cacti, p. 67, as ‘“‘a rare Mexican
sort, with very long straw-colored spines deflecting from the plant. Flowers cream-colored
and very fragrant.”’
Mammullaria centa is mentioned by C. A. Purpus in a short article in Die Gartenwelt
(9: 249. 1905).
Mammullaria chrysantha is listed by De Candolle (Prodr. 3: 460. 1828) among species
little known but not described. It is said to have been in the Berlin Botanic Garden.
Mammillaria circumtexta Martius (Hort. Reg. Monac. 127. 1829) seems never to have
been described.
Mammillaria hochderferi is mentioned by C. A. Purpus in a short article in Die Garten-
welt (9: 249. 1905).
Mammillaria multiradiata (Martius, Hort. Reg. Monac. 127. 1829) is only a name.
Mammillaria nigra Ehrenberg (Allg. Gartenz. 17: 287. 1849) was referred to M.
coronaria by Schumann; Cactus niger Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891) is a synonym
of it.
Mammullaria parmentiert Link and Otto (Verh. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 6: 429. 1830),
without description, was doubtfully referred to WM. flavescens. It was supposed, however,
to have come from Mexico.
The following species, briefly described by F. Schlumberger (Rev. Hort. IV. 5: 404.
1856), we do not know, nor do we find them mentioned elsewhere:
Mammillaria albiseta, with flowers like those of M. spinosissima.
Mammiullaria bocasiana, with clear yellow flowers.
Mammullaria cunendstiana, with flowers like those of MM. clillifera.
Mammillaria decholara, with very small red flowers.
Mammiullaria klenneirii1, with rose-colored flowers.
Mammiullaria roematactina, with abundant small rose-red flowers.
Mammillaria saluciana, flowers 1.5 cm. long and of the same diameter, flesh-colored.
The following names, without descriptions, appear in Foérster’s Handbuch (254, 255,
1846). Some of the names have been used subsequently, but so far as our observation goes
AZ) THE CACTACEAE.
they are all still nomen nudum. Mammillaria asterifiora Cels, M. binops Haage, M. cantera
Haage, /. citrina Scheidweiler, M. contacta Wendland, M. coryphides Forbes, M. crinigera
Otto, M. daedalea viridis Fennel, M. echinops Fennel, M. enneacantha Otto, M. heteracentra
Otto, M. intricata Otto, M. miqueliana Pfeiffer, M. palmeri Fennel, M. pyrrhacantha Pfeiffer,
M. pyrrhacantha pallida Pfeiffer, M/. salmiana Fennel, M. stephani Hortus, WM. suberecta
Pfeiffer, and MM. villosa Fennel.
The following names appeared first, published by Forbes (Journ. Hort. Tour Germ.
147. 1837), but are so briefly described that they can not be identified: Mammullaria
cuneiflora Hitchen, WM. cylindraca Hitchen, M. divaricata, M. flavescens Hitchen, /. grandis
Hitchen, WW. lutescens, and M. pulcherrima. Some of these names were afterwards used, but
whether they were applied to the same plants we can not tell.
The following names of Mammillaria listed by Haage (Cact. Kult. ed. 2. 1900) are
without description: brandtiu Haage jr., bruennowt1t, celsiana longispina, de grandit, deleuilt
Rebut, desertorum, donkelaart, dubia Hildmann, fulvolanata, geminiflora, glabrescens,
goeringi, grusoniw similis, guebwilleriana Haage jr., hermantiana Monville, hevernicku
Senke, lapaixt Rebut, microdasys, monothele, morint Rebut, multicolor, nickelst, nigerrima,
numina, polia Sieber, quehli1, rebuti, roit Rebut, roessingit Gruson, semilonia, simonis,
tellit, vartimamma Ehrenberg, villa-lerdo, wegenert cristata, and xanthispina.
Schumann, at the close of his treatment of the genus Wammullaria (Gesamtb. Kakteen
599. 1898), lists 158 names which he had not been able to refer. Later, Otto Kuntze
referred many of the names to the genus Cactus, thus making many useless synonyms. Some
of these names of Schumann we have been able to refer more or less definitely to other
species, but there still remain many which we can not place. Most of them were described
without flower and fruit, and since the types were not preserved it is doubtful if many more
can be ever identified. The residue is as follows:
MAMMILLARIA ACTINOPLEA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 266. 1848.
Mammillaria amabilis Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 326. 1849.
Mammillaria albiseta Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 354. 1885.
Cactus actinopleus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Cactus amabilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Mammillaria crebrispina nitida Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 75. 1853) is
known only as a synonym.
MAMMILLARIA ARGENTEA Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 66. 1847.
Cactus argenteus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA ATRORUBRA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 327. 1849.
Cactus atroruber Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA ATROSANGUINEA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 270. 1849.
Cactus atrosanguineus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA BADISPINA Forster, Hamb. Gartenz. 17: 159. 1861.
MAMMILLARIA BARLOW Regel and Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860: 46. 1860.
Cactus barlowii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILARIA BERGENII Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 326. 1849.
MAMMILLARIA BIFURCA A. Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 186. 1850.
MAMMILLARIA BREVISETA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 251. 1849.
Cactus brevisetus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA CLOSIANA Roumey, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 2: 372. 1855.
MAMMILLARIA COROLLARIA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 294. 1849.
Cactus corollarius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA CORONATA Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840.
Cactus coronatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA CURVISPINA Otto in Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 204. 1846.
Cactus curvispinus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891. Not Bertero, 1829.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 173
MAMMILLARIA DECORA Forster, Hamb. Gartenz. 17: 159. 1861.
Mammillaria decora obscura Forster, Hamb. Gartenz. 17: 159. 1861.
MAMMILLARIA EBORINA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 309. 1849.
Cactus eborinus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA EMUNDTSIANA Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 341. 1885.
MAMMILLARIA ERECTACANTHA Forster, Allg. Gartenz. 15:50. 1847.
Cactus erectacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MaAMMILLARIA EUCHLORA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 266. 1848.
Cactus euchlorus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 189r.
MAMMILLARIA FELLNERU Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 261. 1849.
Cactus fellnert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA FLAVA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 261. 1849.
Mammillaria tomentosa flava Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 12. 1850.
MAMMILLARIA GEMINATA Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenz. 9: 42. 1841.
Cactus geminatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Illustration: Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 8, No. 20.
MAMMILLARIA GIBBOSA Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 343. 1834.
Cactus gibbosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891. Not Haworth, 1812.
MAMMILLARIA GLABRATA Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 109. 1850.
Cactus glabratus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA GRANDICORNIS Miihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 372. 1846.
Cactus grandicornis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA HAEMATACTINA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 266. 1848.
Cactus haematactinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA INCURVA Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 6: 92. 1839.
Cactus incurvus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. r: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA JUCUNDA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 250. 1849.
Cactus jucundus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA KLEINII Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860: 47. 1860.
Cactus klein Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA LAMPROCHAETA Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24:82. 1856.
MAMMILLARIA LEUCODASYS Salm-Dyck in Scheer, Seemann, Bot. Herald 286. 1856.
Cactus leucodasys Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Mexico. Probably M. micromeris Engelmann (fide Schumann).
MAMMILLARIA LEUCODICTIA Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 330. 1848.
Cactus leucodictyus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA LIVIDA Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 66. 1847.
Cactus lividus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Mammillaria farinosa (Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 66. 1847) is referred to MW. livida
by the Index Kewensis.
MaAMMILLARIA MELANACANTHA Hortus in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 386. 1885.
MAMMILLARIA MICANS Dietrich in Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 330. 1848.
Cactus micans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA MICRACANTHA Miquel, Linnaea 12: 16. 1838.
Cactus micracanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA MUCRONATA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 294. 1849.
Cactus mucronatus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA MULTISETA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 242. 1849.
Cactus multisectus * Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MaAMMILLARIA OBLIQUA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 250. 1849.
Cactus obliquus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
*Kuntze’s specific name is credited to Scheidweiler, but we do not find it.
174 THE CACTACEAE.
MaAMMILLARIA OBVALLATA Otto in Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 308. 1846.
Cactus obvallatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA OLORINA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 326. 1849.
Cactus olorinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA OOTHELE Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 37. 1839.
Mammillaria ovimamma Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 49. 1839.
Mammillaria ovimamma brevispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 108. 1850.
Mammillaria ovimamma oothele Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 85. 1853.
Cactus oothele Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus ovimamma Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MamMMILLARIA PERSICINA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 250. 1849.
Cactus persicanus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA PHAEOTRICA Monville in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 39. 1853.
Cactus phaeotrichus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA PLEIOCEPHALA Regel and Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860: 47. 1860.
Cactus pleiocephalus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
}MAMMILLARIA POLYMORPHA Scheer in Miihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 14: 373. 1846.
Cactus polymorphus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MaAMMILLARIA PORPHYRACANTHA Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24:81. 1856.
MAMMILLARIA PROCERA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 241. 1849.
Cactus procerus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA PUGIONACANTHA Forster, Allg. Gartenz. 15:50. 1847.
Cactus pugionacanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA PUNCTATA Labouret in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 293. 1885.
MAMMILLARIA PURPURASCENS Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 260. 1849.
MaAMMILLARIA PURPUREA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 270. 1849.
Cactus purpureus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MaAmMMILLARIA REGIA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 269. 1849.
Cactus regius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA ROSEA Scheidweiler, Hort. Belge 5: 118. 1838.
Mammiullaria rhodeocenitra Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 52. 1839.
Mammillaria discolor nigricans Salm-Dyck in Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 271. 1843.
Mammillaria rhodeocentra gracilispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 14. 1850.
Cactus roseus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Cactus rhodeocentrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
Salm-Dyck referred Mammillaria rosea to M. rhodeocentra, but the former is the older
name.
Illustration: Hort. Belge 5: pl. 7. as Mammiullaria rosea.
MAMMILLARIA RUFIDULA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 295. 1849.
Cactus rujidulus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MaMMILLARIA RUFO-CROCEA Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 102. 1850.
Cactus rufo-croceus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA RUSCHIANA Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Turic. 4. 1830, in adnot.
Cactus rueschianus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA SEIDELII Terscheck, Suppl. Cact. Verz. 1.
Cactus setdelit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA SEVERINI Regel and Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860: 46. 1860.
Cactus severinit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA SPECIOSA De Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Geschr. 6: 52. 1839. Not Gillies, 1830.
Cactus vrieseanus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
MaAMMILLARIA SPECTABILIS Miihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 13: 346. 1845.
Cactus spectabilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MaMMILLARIA SUBULIFERA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 242. 1849.
Cactus subulifer Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA TECTA Miquel, Linnaea 12:12. 1838.
Cactus tectus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
NEOMAMMILLARIA. 175
MAMMILLARIA TOMENTOSA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 262. 1849.
Cactus tomentosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA VARIMAMMA Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz. 17: 242. 1849.
Cactus varimamma Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA WEGENERI Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 1: 738. 1843.
Cactus wegeneri Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA ZEGSCHWITzil Terscheck, Suppl. Cact. Verz. 1.
Cactus zegschwitzii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
MAMMILLARIA ZEPNICKII Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 2: 835. 1844.
Cactus sepnickit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891.
NAMES TO BE EXCLUDED FROM THIS GENUS.
The names Mammullaria solitaria, M. spinosa, M. caudata, M. ambigua, and M.
quadrata, credited to G. Don, with the synonyms Cactus solitarius, C. spinosus, C. caudatus,
C. ambiguus [Not Bonpland, 1813], and C. quadratus, credited to Gillies, respectively, each
with a single word description, viz., solitary, spiny, tailed, ambiguous, quadrate, appeared
in 1830 (Loudon, Hort. Brit. 194). As they all are said to come from Chile they can not
be of this alliance.
Mammiilaria brachydelphys Schumann (Just, Bot. Jahresb. 26: 343. 1898) seems to
have been intended for Maihuenta brachydelphys.
Cereus caudatus Gillies (Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3. 285. 1839) is probably the same as
M. caudata.
Mammillaria corioides Bosch (Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3. 281. 1839) was described as
leather-like and native of South America. It can not be identified, but it is not of this
relationship if it comes from South America. Schumann referred it to Echinocactus, but
it does not belong to that genus as we now define it.
Mammillaria dichotoma (Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3. 281. 1839), described only as
forked, can not be identified.
Mammillaria mitis (De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 460. 1828), without description, is credited
to Miller (Dict. Gard.), but Miller never used the generic name Mammillaria. Pfeiffer
and Forster also refer this name to Miller. Steudel states that it is from South America.
Kuntze also refers to the same as Cactus mitis (Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891). Schumann
thought that it might be an Echinocactus and, if it really came from South America, as
stated by the Index Kewensis, it is probably of the Echinocactanae.
Mammillaria speciosa Gillies (Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 235. 1830), to which Cactus
speciosus Gillies is referred as a synonym, is based upon some Chilean plant.
Mammillaria subulata Miithlenpfordt is listed both by Schumann and the Index
Kewensis but the name intended was Pereskia subulata!
MAMMILLARIA CHILDSI Blanc, Illustr. Cat. 14. 1894.
“This fine Mammillaria was sent out by us as M. pectinata before we bloomed it, from the fact
that small plants answered the description exactly. After blooming, however, we discovered that
it was a valuable new variety and named it as above. When small, the spines are regular, short and
white; as the plant becomes older the spines also increase in size and assume a beautiful purple
color. Flowers very numerous, even on small plants; color a clear pink.”
We have not been able to identify this plant definitely. From the illustration, which
shows large flowers from the center of the plant, we judge that it can not be referred to
Neomammillaria nor to any of its near relatives. It may be a Coryphantha; in fact,fat
first it was taken for C. pectinata. The spines, however, are shown as arranged on vertical
ribs, while the central spine is shown as erect; these two characters along with the central
purple flowers suggest Echinomastus erectocentrus.
Illustration: Blane, Illustr. Cat. 14.
176 THE CACTACEAE.
MAMMILLARIA CORONARIA Haworth, Rev. Pl. Suce. 69. 1821, as to name.
Cactus coronatus Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 30. 1813. Not Lamarck, 1783.
Judging from Willdenow’s original descriptions of this plant it is not of this genus.
He says that it is 5 feet long and a foot in diameter and that the central spine of the areole
is hooked. Its geographical origin was not recorded and its flowers were not described. It
was grown at Berlin prior to 1813 and later at the Chelsea Garden, London. Descriptions
of this species are based largely on Cactus cylindricus Ortega, a very different plant.
Through the courtesy of N. E. Brown we have a photograph of Mammillaria
coronaria from Haworth’s collection with the date “Feb. 20, 1846.” This photograph
answers Haworth’s brief description and differs from Willdenow’s in having the spines
all straight. Haworth’s plants we would refer to Neomammiullaria.
Cactus coronarius Willdenow, given by Haworth as a synonym of Mammiullaria
coronaria, is a mistake for C. coronatus.
The variety Mammillaria coronaria minor was briefly described by Forster (Handb.
Cact. 212. 1846).
MAMMILLARIA FULVISPINA Haworth, Phil. Mag. 7: 108. 1830.
Cactus fulvispinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Mammillaria rhodantha fulvispina Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 257. 19C7.
This plant was said by Haworth to come from Brazil and if so it is to be excluded from
this relationship. Pfeiffer associated the name with a Mexican specimen which has led
to its being referred by later writers to MW. rhodantha. The varieties M/. fulvispina media
and M. fulvispina minor (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 8. 1845) were not described.
MAMMILLARIA PICTURATA Labouret, Rev. Hort. IV. 4: 28. 1855.
Simple, cylindric, 8 cm. high, 5 cm. in diameter; radial spines 20, white, setiform, 4 mm. long;
central spines 6, yellowish; flowers and fruit unknown.
Although Labouret stated that this plant came from Mendoza, Argentina, the Index
Kewensis says Chile. If it is in southern South America, it does not belong to Neomamz-
millaria.
The illustration (figure 184a) at the bottom of this page is of Neomammillaria millert
described on page 156.
ZYGOCACTUS. Lay
Subtribe 7. EPIPHYLLANAE.
Mostly epiphytic and night-blooming cacti, generally growing on trees, but sometimes on the
earth when this is rich in humus, rarely in the crevices of rocks, much branched, spineless (except
Eccremocactus and some species of Epiphyllanthus); joints seyeral or many, usually flat except at
base, often thin, with the areoles borne along the margin (except in Epiphyllanthus); flowers
regular (except in Zygocactus and Epiphyllanthus); perianth various; filaments usually long and
slender; style long and slender; fruit spineless, usually red or purple, either naked or bearing a few
scales (rarely many), these usually with naked axils; seeds small, black.
We recognize 9 genera, diverse both in the plant-body and in the flowers. While
apparently not closely related among themselves, the genera forming this subtribe are not
any more closely related to other genera, either in the Cereanae or in the Rhipsalidanae.
KrEy TO GENERA.
Plants branching dichotomously.
Perianth irregular.
Joints thin and leaf-like with toothed margin; areoles all marginal............
Joints thick, without teeth, bearing areoles all around.......................
easel mealere Or meAhy GOs TOUS Wovbel a osoosooccd Hh acodocacumocGeSoRooDdON
Plants branching irregularly.
Perianth-segments spreading or reflexed; flowers mostly large.
Tube of flower definitely longer than limb................................. 4. Eptphyllum (p. 185)
Tube of flower not longer than limb.
Perianth campanulate, its segments few.
. Zygocactus (p. 177)
. Eptphyllanthus (p. 180)
. Schlumbergera (p. 182)
WNH
Staml enstevgent Ow ensistr allleseise mitre retarted reli eati riences 5. Disocactus (p. 201)
Stamens many; flowers large......... sevccusobovaseudccssos de Oh Cla posia (oO, AOS)
Perianth short- funnelform, its segments many.
Outer perianth-segments short, obtuse or rounded, the inner white... 7. Eccremocactus (p. 204)
Outer perianth-segments acute or acuminate, the inner rose or red.... 8. Nopalxochia (p. 204)
Penianth-segmentsiecect lowers simally eer eel raciay- i tenorrr een neieirenacnelstle 9. Wittia. (p. 206)
1. ZYGOCACTUS Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 223. 1890.
Stems dichotomously much branched, flattened, divided into short joints; flowers terminal,
polychromic, irregular; ovary terete, smooth, gradually broadening from base, bearing minute
scales at top; flower-tube abruptly bent just above the ovary, ending in a serrate mouth, bearing
petaloid spreading scales scattered along its sides; stamens slender, white, arranged in 2 clusters;
outer stamens borne along inside of flower-tube from near base to near middle; inner clusters of
stamens about 20, arising from center and forming a short tube about base of style with an inner
deflexed toothed membrane, upper part free, and all appressed against upper side of flower-tube
and upper perianth-segments; style purple, slender, as long as stamens and usually not surrounded
by them; stigma-lobes linear, purple, erect and adhering (so far as we have seen); fruit purple,
turgid, not at all angled; skin thin; seeds dark brown to nearly black, shining.
Type species: Epiphyllum truncatum Haworth.
This genus has passed for many years under the name of Epiphyllum but that name
was wrongly applied to it. One species is here recognized, although several have been pro-
posed by previous authors.
The generic name is from ¢vyév yoke and kax7os cactus, referring, doubtless, to the
peculiarly jointed stems.
1. Zygocactus truncatus (Haworth) Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 224. 1890.
Epiphyllum truncatum Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 85. 1819.
Cactus truncatus Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 24. 1822.
Cereus truncatus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 272. 1826.
Epiphyllum altensteinit Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 128. 1837.
Epiphyllum truncatum altensteinii Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 76. 1839.
Epiphyllum purpurascens Lemaire, Hort. Univ. 2: 349. 1841.
Epiphyllum truncatum violaceum Morren, Belg. Hort. 16:260. 1866.
Epiphyllum truncatum spectabile Morren, Belg. Hort. 16: 260. 1866.
Zygocactus altensteintt Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 225. 1890.
Epiphyllum delicatum N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron. 11. 32: 411. 1902.
Epiphyllum delicatulum Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13:9. 1903.
Zygocactus delicatus Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 260. 1913.
Joints dark glossy green, about 3 cm. long, sharply serrate, with two prominent teeth at other-
wise truncate apex; terminal areole broad and thin, filled with brown wool and bristles; flowers 6
178 THE CACTACEAE.
to 7 cm. long; tube 2 cm. long; inner perianth-segments scarlet to white, oblong, obtuse to acute,
reflexed; filaments white; style purple throughout; fruit obovoid, 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Mountains, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
This species has been cultivated widely for many years under various names. It was
introduced into cultivation about 1818 and, according to Edwards, flowered first in England
in 1822 and has since been a great favorite as a household plant, blooming freely about
the end of the year, hence the name Christmas cactus. It is also called crab cactus and
ringent-flowered cactus. ‘
Schumann gives as synonyms of this species Epiphyllum salmoneum and E. spectabile,
referring them to Cels’s Catalogue, which, however, we have not seen.
Fics. 185 and 186.—Flowering branch and fruiting joint of Zygocactus truncatus.
Cereus truncatus altensteinii (Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 65. 1834) occurs in literature,
sometimes attributed to Otto, but we have seen no description. We follow Lofgren, who
refers Zygocactus altensteinii to Z. truncatus. ‘The type came from the Organ Mountains
near Rio de Janeiro; in 1915, Dr. Rose visited these mountains, where he found the true
Z. truncatus.
There are many garden varieties, most of which are very beautiful. Among these are
Epiphyllum gibsonit, introduced in 1886, with dark orange-red flowers, and Epiphyllum
guedeney1, of unknown origin, with large flowers, the outer segments white, tinged with
sulphur, and the inner ones creamy white; the variety is referred by some to Phyllocactus
guedeneyit. Nicholson (Dict. Gard. 1: 517) describes some of the best as follows:
“ Bicolor, white, edged with rose; coccinewm, rich deep scarlet; elegans, bright orange-red,
centre rich purple; magnificum, flowers large, white, tips bright rose-colored; rosewm, bright rose;
ruckerianum, deep reddish purple, with a rich violet centre; salmoneum, reddish salmon; spectabile,
white, with delicate purple margin; violacewm superbum, pure white, rich deep purple edge.”
Riimpler (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 870, 871. 1885) described nine varieties, among
which are cruentum and tricolor; E. truncatum cruentum was also briefly described by
Morren (Belg, Hort. 16: 260. 1866). Among other varieties are albiflorum, aurantiacum,
grandidens, minus, purpuraceum, and vanhoutteanum.
ZYGOCACTUS. 179
Epiphyllum ruckeri Paxton (Mag. Bot. 12: 46. 1846) was described from cultivated
plants of unknown origin as an improved variety of Epiphyllum truncatum. It may have
been a hybrid.
Epiphyllum truncatum multiflorum was given as a synonym of Epiphyllum altensteinii
by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 128. 1837). -
Epiphyllum elegans Cels and E. violaceum Cels (Forster, Handb. Cact. 446. 1846) were
supposed to be only varieties of Epiphyllum truncatum.
Schelle (Handb. Kakteenk. 223. 1907) lists more than fifty forms of Epiphyllum
truncatum; the following not hitherto mentioned by us under Epiphyllum have the regular
Latin form:
amabile roseum maximum salmoneum brasiliense spectabile superbum
carmineum morellianum salmoneum flavum splendens
gracile pallidum roseum salmoneum marginatum translucens
grandiflorum rubrum purpureum salmoneum rubrum violaceum album
harrisonii rubrum violaceum snowi violaceum grandiflorum
lateritium album salmoneum aurantiacum spectabile carmineum superbum
makoyanum
Illustrations: Nov. Herb. Amat. pl. 83; Loudon, Encycel. PL. 413. f. 6903; Loddiges,
Bot. Cab. 13: pl. 1207; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 52: pl. 2562; Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 9: pl. 696;
Fic. 187.—Zygocactus truncatus.
Reichenbach, Fl. Exot. pl. 325; Hooker, Exot. Fl. 1: pl. 20, as Cactus truncatus; Wiener
Ill. Gart. Zeit. 18: 265. f.55, as Phyllocactus delicatus; Bliihende Kakteen t: pl. 25; Cact.
Journ. 1: 34, 114; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 765; Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
3°: f. 61, A, B, C; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 9, 43; Hort. Univ. 7: facing 132;
Karsten, Deutsche Fl. 887. f. 501, No. 3; ed. 2. 2: 456. f. 605, No. 3; Forster, Handb.
Cact. ed. 2.129. f.5; Riimpler, Sukkulenten f. 87; Hort. Franc. 11. 4: pl. 3; Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk. 223. f. 145; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1: 49; Floralia 42: 375; Gard. Chron. 1847:
324; 11. 6: 808. f. 148; 1. 7: 173. f. 29; 1. 19: f. 1; West Amer. Sci. 7: 172; Amer.
Gard. 11: 534; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 224. f. 146; 225. f. 147; Rother, Praktischer
Leitfaden Kakteen 104; Belg. Hort. 16: pl. opp. 257; also the vars. spectabile, cruentum,
and violaceum; Deutsches Mag. Gart. Blumen. 1852: pl. opp. 176. f. 2; Gartenwelt 4: 230;
Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 55 (seedling); Garten-Zeitung 4: 182. f. 42, No. 2; Jacquin,
Ecl. Pl. Rar. 2: pl. 142, as Epiphyllum truncatum; Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact.
1: pl. 28, as E. altensteini1; Gard. Chron. m1. 32: f. 140, as E. delicatum; Schumann,
Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. f. 9; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 7, as E. delicatulum; Deutsches
180 THE CACTACEAE.
Mag. Gart. Blumen. 1852: pl. opp. 176, f. 1, as E. truncatum elegans; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio
de Janeiro 2: pl. 3, as Zygocactus delicatus; Van Géel, Sert. Bot. 1: pl. 117 as Cactus trun-
catus; Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 46; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 80; Stand. Cycl. Hort.
Bailey 6: f. 4055.
Figure 185 shows a plant in the New York Botanical Garden which flowered December
15, 1911; figure 186 shows a fruiting joint collected by Dr. Rose in the Organ Mountains of
Brazil in 1915 (No. 20819); figure 187 is from a photograph of a cultivated plant obtained
by Dr. Rose in the Botanical Garden at Rio de Janeiro in 1915 (No. 20855).
2. EPIPHYLLANTHUS Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 84. 1905.
Plants either epiphytic or growing in shade of rock in rich humus, often in clumps, more or less
branched; joints globular, cylindric or much flattened; areoles scattered over surface of joints,
circular, tomentose, either with or without spines; flowers zygomorphic, slender, purple to white;
stamens somewhat exserted, arranged in 2 series, those forming the inner series united at base;
style slender, a little longer than stamens; ovary angled, bearing a few small scales; fruit small.
Type species: Epiphyllanthus obtusangulus Berger.
The type of this genus has long been treated as a species of Cereus, although its
dissimilarity to Cereus proper or to any of its immediate relatives must have been observed.
It was left to Alwin Berger to call attention to its true alliance and to propose for it a new
generic name; his statement regarding it is so clear that we quote from it as follows:
“This very strange little plant, still rare in cultivation, can not be considered either a Cereus
or an Epiphyllum. But no doubt it is much more nearly allied to the latter than to the former genus.
Schumann brought it into Cereus on account of its round and ribbed stems, but there exists no
Cereus of a similar articulated growth; only with Rhipsalis and Epiphyllum can it be compared.
The plant resembles somewhat a minute Platyopuntia. ‘The joints are slightly flattened and have
numerous little prominent areoles distributed spirally all over the surface. In this it differs greatly
from Epiphyllum with which it agrees in all the characters of the flowers, the angular, nearly alate
ovary, and especially in the inner stamens being united at the base into a small incurved membrane.
Also, the fruit resembles more that of an Epiphyllum than that of a Cereus. The flowers rise from
the top of the joints as in Epiphyllum. ‘The plant is best considered as generically different from
both, but must be placed with Epiphyllum and Rhipsalis among the Inarmatae of K. Schumann.”
We recognize 3 species, all from central Brazil. All occur on the high mountain
Itatiaya, province of Rio de Janeiro; what their actual relationships may be can be deter-
mined only by further field observations. They may all be referable to one variable species.
The generic name was given because of the resemblance of the flowers of the type
species to those of Epiphyllum truncatum (Zygocactus).
KEY TO SPECIES.
Jomtsromsomejorsthempiattened Opuntra-likese eae nee eee eee een
Joints terete or obtusely angled.
Hlowenmpurplestomoses qeiiaeir vc ans cone caer iiotoe eerie ee rea eeieh rere ener ura zeae LEGON PH CENIGIS
Flowers white......... mee CREE Ark talon SO aon Ee ae Pee mie Ri ante no AMD ee GCLILOTOTES:
. 1. E. obovatus
1. Epiphyllanthus obovatus (Engelmann).
Epiphyllum obovatum Engelmann in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 224. 1897.
Eptphyllum opuntioides Lofgren and Dusén, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 13: 49. 1905.
Zygocactus opuntioides Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 26. 1918.
Usually growing in shade of rocks, at first erect, becoming more or less decumbent, very much
branched; joints usually 5 to 7 cm. long, obovate to oblong, more or less flattened, often suggesting
small joints of some Opuntia, bearing scattered areoles and these often spinescent; old and lower
joints often nearly terete, bearing large areoles with numerous short yellow spines; flowers 5 cm.
long, purple; ovary naked.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Central Brazil.
Dr. Rose collected this species on Itatiaya, altitude about 2,300 meters, in July 1915
(No. 20495); the plant did not do well in cultivation with us and his specimens died.
EPIPHYLLANTHUS. I8t
Illustrations: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 4, as Zygocactus opuntioides;
Arkiv Bot. Stockholm 8: pt. 7. 10, as Epiphyllum opuntiordes.
Figure 188 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above; figure 189 is reproduced
from the second illustration cited above.
Fics. 188 and 189.—Epiphyllanthus obovatus.
2. Epiphyllanthus microsphaericus (Schumann).
Cereus microsphaericus Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 197. 1890.
Cereus parvulus Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 197. 1890.
Cereus obtusangulus Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 198. 1890.
Cereus anomalus Schumann, Keys Monogr. Cact. 16. 1903.
Epiphyllanthus obtusangulus Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 84. 1905.
Zygocactus obtusangulus Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 28. 1918.
Low, at first erect, much branched and more or less prostrate, growing under rocks and perhaps
epiphytic on trees; joints slender, terete or obtusely angled, somewhat spiny or often naked; flowers
all terminal, purple to rose.
Type locality. Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Distribution: Central Brazil.
Dr. Rose collected this species on Itatiaya, Brazil, in 1915 (No. 20494), growing at
higher altitudes than E. obovatus.
Epiphyllum obtusangulum Lindberg (Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: 198. 1890), usually
referred here as a synonym, has not been published.
Illustrations: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 5, as Zygocactus obtusangulus;
Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 30, as Cereus obtusangulus.
Figure 190 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above.
182 THE CACTACEKAE.
3. Epiphyllanthus candidus (Léfgren).
Zygocactus candidus Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 30. 1918.
Usually epiphytic on shrubs, but sometimes growing in the shade of large boulders; joints
usually terete or nearly so, 2 to 4 cm. long, naked or sometimes bristly; flowers solitary, terminal,
white; fruit globose, red.
Type locality: On Itatiaya, Brazil.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Fic. 190.—Epiphyllanthus microsphaericus. Fic. 191.—Epiphyllanthus candidus.
Dr. Rose collected this species on the very top of Itatiaya, growing in the shade of
rocks (No. 20610) and in the deep cleft of the rock cap through which the ascent to the top
is made.
Epiphyllum candidum Barboso-Rodrigues (Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 30.
1918) is only a name.
Illustration: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 6, as Zygocactus candidus.
Figure 191 is reproduced from the illustration cited above.
3. SCHLUMBERGERA Lemaire, Rev. Hort. Iv. 7 253. 1858.
Similar in habit to Zygocactus; stems much branched; joints short, crenate or serrate, mostly
flattened; flowers purple to scarlet, regular; tube very short; stamens in 2 clusters, one scattered
over the throat, the other forming a short tube at base of flower and surrounding style or free at
base; ovary and fruit strongly 5-angled, naked or rarely bearing areole on one of the ribs and crowned
by 5 more or less persistent, sepal-like scales; fruit hard, often remaining on plant for a long time.
Type species: Epiphyllum russellianum Hooker.
The taxonomic history of the two species here recognized is interesting. Schlumbergera
gaertneri was at first supposed to be conspecific with S. russelliana and was made a variety
SCHLUMBERGERA. 183
of that species by Regel. In 1890 Schumann considered them distinct species but congen-
eric; in 1897 he referred them to different genera. Both species are native of Brazil.
These plants have usually been associated with Zygocactus truncatus and all included
in Epiphyllum. Although resembling Zygocactus very much in habit, they differ from it in
flower and fruit characters. ‘The flowers are nearly regular, not strongly oblique; are
nearly rotate, not elongated; the stamens are of equal length and in a cylindric cluster
shorter than the style, not of unequal lengths and in a flattened cluster, not extending
beyond the style; the ovary and fruit are strongly angled, not terete.
Lemaire named the genus for Frederick Schlumberger, an amateur student of plants
and a collector of cacti, begonias, and bromelias.
Key TO SPECIES.
(Manes SEMIS yonsceacoocacscoucdde cbanboouLSuDUoUdUOAD LOGS OS OOHohaGUSEO Od UODOuNC 1. S. gaertnert
Flowers purplish.............- Sameer oo Meee BR er eae eee MoE OU S SELLE IT)
1. Schlumbergera gaertneri (Regel) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 260. 1913.
Epiphyllum russellianum gaertnert Regel, Gartenflora 33: 323. 1884.
Epiphyllum makoyanum W. Watson, Gard. and For. 2: 243. 1889.
Epiphyllum gaertneri Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 218. 1890.
Phyllocactus gaertnert Schumann in Rimpler, Sukkulenten 147. 1892.
Fic. 192.—Schlumbergera gaertneri.
Branches spreading, the terminal ones often pendent; joints usually flattened, but sometimes
3 to 6-angled, fleshy, 5 cm. long or more by 2 cm. broad, dull green except the purplish crenate
margins; areoles small, with short white wool and a few yellowish bristles; flowers 1 to 3, usually
all at distal end of the terminal branches, 4 cm. long, dark scarlet; outermost perianth-segments
usually 5, short, thick, triangular, drying separately from the others, outer perianth-segments
spreading; innermost perianth-segments more erect, nearly distinct, acute; all of the segments,
except the 5 outer ones, more or less coalesce and withering, remaining on top of ovary; ovary crowned
by a slightly depressed disk or umbilicus with upturned margin, which passes into the flower-tube;
on the margin are borne the free stamens; style slender, 1.5 cm. long, red; stigma-lobes 6, linear,
cream-colored; ovary dark red, angled, 12 mm. long; fruit red, oblong, 15 mm. long, depressed at
apex, in cultivation ripening in July.
184 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Minas Geraes, Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil.
While the joints are usually much flattened, yet they are sometimes strongly angled.
In some cases too the juvenile growth is peculiar, forming short stubby joints with 6 ribs,
with closely set areoles, each bearing a cluster of 7 or more bristly spines.
The plant flowers abundantly in Washington in April.
The two varieties Epiphyllum gaertnert coccineum and E. gaertnert mackoyanum
(Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 101. 1897) are doubtless forms of this species.
Illustrations: Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 10: 136. f. 60; Rev. Hort. 59: pl. opp. 516; Blanc,
Cacti 64. 1002; Cact. Journ. 1: 9, 114; Gartenflora 33: pl. 1172; 39: f. 96; Rev. Hort.
Belg. 15: f. 23; pl. [19.] f. 2, opp. 229, as Epiphyllum russellianum gaertneri; Schelle,
Handb. Kakteenk. 213. f. 141; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 117: pl. 7201; Gartenwelt 10: 559,
as Epiphyllum gaertneri; Bliihende Kakteen 1: pl. 21; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen
Fic. 193.—Schlumbergera gaertneri.
19; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 107; Riimpler, Sukkulenten 148. f. 80, as Phyllocactus
gaertnert; Rev. Hort. Belg. 15: pl. [19.] f. 1, opp. 229; Journ. Hort. Home Farm. III. 18:
362. f. 58, as Epiphyllum makoyanum.
Figure 192 is from a photograph of a plant which flowered in the New York Botanical
Garden in 1912; figure 193 shows a fruiting plant in the collections of the U. S. Department
of Agriculture at Washington, D. C.
2. Schlumbergera russelliana (Gardner) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 261. 1913.
Cereus russellianus Gardner in Lemaire, Hort. Univ. 1: 31. 1839.
Eptphyllum russellianum Hooker in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 66: pl. 3717. 1840.
Phyllocactus russellianus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 37. 1845.
Epiphyllum truncatum russellianum G. Don in Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1378. 1855.
Schlumbergera epiphylloides Lemaire, Rev. Hort. IV. 7: 253. 1858.
Epiphytic, growing on trees, rocks, or in humus, often found in dark crevices, 1 to 3 dm. long,
either hanging or erect, much branched, divided into short joints; joints 1 to 2.5 cm. long; lower
joints usually terete, covered with a brown epidermis; young joints green, flat, usually thin, with
I or 2 small teeth on a side, 8 mm. broad or less, usually truncate at apex; areoles in axils of teeth,
small, naked or bearing 1 or 2 bristles; flowers terminal, 4 to 5 cm. long, reddish purple; style
slender, purple; ovary glabrous, sharply 4-angled, 1-celled; ovules numerous, arranged in 4 or 5
vertical] double rows along walls of ovary; fruit described as red, 4-angled, or narrowly winded.
EPIPHYLLUM. 185
Type locality: Organ Mountains, Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil.
This plant was introduced into England in 1839. It was named by G. Gardner for
the Duke of Bedford, who had sent him to Brazil to collect plants. The Duke of Bedford
brought together at Woburn Abbey a very large and choice collection of cacti which became
one of the finest in England. His gardener, Mr. James A. Forbes, published a catalogue of
this collection in 1837.
Two varieties of this species are mentioned in horticultural works, namely, var. rubra
and var. superbum under Epiphyllum russellianum.
Illustrations: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 66: pl. 3717; Watson, Cact. Cult. 42. f. 9; Dict.
Gard. Nicholson Suppl. 346. f. 370; Gartenflora 33: pl. 1172; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed.
2. 873. f. 119; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 106; Paxton’s Mag. Bot. 10: facing
245, as Epiphyllum russellianum; Hort. Univ. 1: pl. 5, as Cereus russellianus; Riimpler,
Sukkulenten 146. f. 79, as Phyllocactus russellianus; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 766, as
Epiphyllum truncatum russellianum (perhaps a hybrid); Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 81.
SPECIES OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.
EPIPHYLLUM BRIDGESII Lemaire, Illustr. Hort. 8: Mise. 5. 1861.
Epiphyllum truncatum bridgesit Rimpler in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 870. 1885.
Epiphytic; joints green, flattened with 2 or more crenations on the side; areoles more or less
setose, the setae yellowish brown; flowers terminal, 6 cm. long, nearly regular, purplish to crimson;
perianth-segments oblong, acute; stamens long-exserted; style about as much exserted as stamens,
purplish; ovary angled, angles sometimes bearing setose areoles.
Type locality: Not cited. Described from garden plants of unknown origin.
Distribution: Brazil cr Bolivia or both.
This plant was described by Lemaire from a vegetative specimen seen in the collection
cf L. Desmet and from one in the collection of Schlumberger. He associated it with
Epiphyllum russellianum, with which it must be allied, rather than with £. t7uncatum, to
which it is referred as a synonym by the Index Kewensis.
Schlumberger had named the plant Epiphyllum rueckerianum, and here this name,
often referred to in horticultural literature, should be referred.
It was briefly described by W. Watson (Gard. For. 2: 243. 1889), who writes of its
being awarded a first-class certificate at a flower show.
Schumann unfortunately describes the flower as zygomorphic, which may be an error;
specimens recently sent to us from A. Berger have a regular flower. The ovary was orig-
inally described as angled and this is one of the differences between Zygocactus and Schlum-
bergera.
We do not know the origin of this plant. As it seems to have been introduced by
Bridges it may have come from Bolivia, where he did much of his work.
This plant is sometimes called Epiphyllum truncatum rueckerianum.
Illustration: Dict. Hort. Bois 497. f. 347, as Epiphyllum ruckerianum.
4. EPIPHYLLUM (Hermann) Haworth, Syn. Pl. Suce. 197. 1812.
Phyllocactus Link, Handb. Erkenn. Gewachse 2: 10. 1831.
Phyllocereus Miquel, Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 112. 1839.
Plants mostly epiphytic, the main stem often terete and woody; branches usually much
flattened, often thin and leaf-like, sometimes 3-winged; areoles small, borne along the margins of the
flattened branches; spines usually wanting in mature plants, but often represented in seedlings and
juvenile forms by slender bristles; true leaves wanting; cotyledons rather large, sometimes persisting
for a long time; flowers usually large, in some species nocturnal, in others diurnal, either odorless or
very fragrant; flower-tube longer than the limb, in some species greatly elongated; filaments
usually long, borne at top of tube or scattered over surface of throat; style elongated, white or
186 THE CACTACEAE.
colored; stigma-lobes several, linear; perianth soon dropping from the ovary; fruit globular or
short-oblong to narrowly oblong, often with low ridges, sometimes tubercled, red or purple, edible
or insipid, when mature splitting down one side and exposing the white or crimson pulpy interior;
seeds black, shining.
Type species: Cactus phyllanthus Linnaeus.
The generic name is from émi upon, and @vA)op leaf, as it was supposed that the flowers
were borne on leaves; it is a misnomer, for the flowers are not borne on leaves but on stems
as in all other cacti.
In 1890 K. Schumann recognized 15 species; but, as a number of new ones were
described soon afterward, he increased this number to 21 in his Keys of the Monograph
published in 1903. In our treatment 16 species are recognized.
The name Epiphyllum is often used for a different group of cacti, that is, the crab
cactus; the type species of Epiphyllum is, however, in the genus as we have here limited
it. When Haworth published the genus he referred to it but one species, Epzphyllum
phyllanthus, but he later added another species, E. truncatum, which, when it was found
to belong to a different generic type, was erroneously allowed to retain the name Epiphyllum,
while Epiphyllum phyllanthus became the type of the genus Phyllocactus, which, when first
described in 1831, contained but a single species, so that Epiphyllum and Phyllocactus were
based on the same type and Phyllocactus is a synonym of Epiphyllum. This is also true of
Phyllocereus, which was based on the Epiphyllum of Haworth (Syn. Pl. Suce. 197. 1812),
where only E. phyllanthus is described.
Fic. 194.—Top of fruiting branch of Epiphyllum phyllanthus. XX 0.66.
The pre-Linnaean species of this genus were usually referred to Cereus and, for it, the
section Alati in Cereus was proposed by De Candolle (Prodr. 3: 469. 1828). Linnaeus,
however, referred the only species which he recognized to Cactus, and Philip Miller referred
the same species to Opuntia, but neither have had many followers.
Haworth (Phil. Mag. 6: 108, 109. 1829) followed by Don (Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 170. 1834)
divides the genus into two sections, the Nocturna and the Diurna.
Phyllarthus Nicker (Elam. 2: 85. 1790) is generally supposed to be a synonym of this
group but the genus is not typified; the Index Kewensis refers it to Cereus (2); Dr. E. L.
Greene (Leaflets I: 52) says that it applied to Phyllanthus and Opuntia of earlier authors;
the Phyllanthus here referred to was Cactus phyllanthus Linnaeus.
EPIPHYLLUM. 187
Hermann (Par. Botavus Prodr. Add. 2. 1689) first used the name Epiphyllum when
he listed the name Epzphyllum americanum. Haworth credited the name also to Hermann
in 1812 when he established the genus.
KEY TO SPECIES.
A. Perianth-tube 7 to 9 times aslong as the limb.................................... 1. E. phyllanthus
AA. Perianth-tube 1% to 3 times as long as the limb.
B. Ultimate joints acuminate.
JN ON ASE BG 1) GO Ceo Iowa. 5 scaodosocscogncso sade csuoeueduccsucudouuodoo . Ao J, Gaya
Flowers 10 to 15 cm. long.
Marrinsyotn ointsicrena tenner err aerial ier tiesieelcieii miei ieasencien me Sane DILTICTL ITIL
IMEKFAITS Oe OOMES TACKS S >. nogoobo ono oeuU bdo bode Co US DOOD Oden oa dens 4. E. caudatum
BB. Ultimate joints acute, obtuse or rounded.
C. Joints deeply lobed.
Joints 2 to 7 cm. broad.
Lobes of joints spreading; outer perianth-segments lemon-yellow......... 5. E. darrahit
Lobes of joints pointing forward; outer perianth-segments reddish yellow.. 6. E. anguliger
Joris Wemy IEEES, Hip WO) BY Gai loyOEKl, ob Scnqccoasaoseosasoocanncondouene Yo Wn anal
CC. Joints crenate or nearly entire.
D. Joints deeply crenate, thick; perianth-tube bearing foliaceous scales...... 8. E. crenatum
DD. Joints low-crenate to nearly entire; perianth-tube without foliaceous scales.
FE. Sinui of the joint-margins very narrow; flowers up to 20 cm. broad;
stamens yellow........ 9g. E. mac opterum
EE. Sinui of the joint-margins open; flowers 15 ¢ cm. wide or less: ‘stamens
not yellow.
OvaryzanGsinuitbeanneslineariscaleseeerr eens 10. E. lepidocarpum
Ovary and fruit without linear scales.
INOS THO) THO). 1} CHods MONT siconeeonecadsouscscoonduosbansaanes 11. E. pittiert
Flowers 15 to 28 cm. long.
Flowers about 28 cm. long; style orange. eee icine ap OLemtalense
Flowers 15 to 25 cm. long; style white or ‘pink.
Joints very stiff. . Uecetilncateas aiehojeneven pene acerte Osea LG ae SETLCLUNL
Joints flexible or moderately ‘stiff.
Joints very large, up to 1 meter long and 12 cm. wide..... 14. E. stenopetalum
Joints smaller, rarely ever 7 cm. wide.
Joints shallowly crenate or subdentate; species of Costa
IRACainey ena ine he epee eee ices ats erdebom Sieisie ebay ote 15. E. cartagense
Joints deeply crenate; species of Tobago, Trinidad, and
Wisi ATO isan iciaamctecinctcceo ce aa UCI oI Mme cerartG 16. E. hooker
1. Epiphyllum phyllanthus (Linnaeus) Haworth, Syn. Pl. Suce. 197. 1812.
Cactus phyllanthus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 469. 1753.
Opuntia phyllanthus Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. No.9. 1768.
Cereus phyllanthus De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 469. 1828.
Phyllocactus phyllanthus Link, Handb. Erkenn. Gewachse 2: 11. 1831.
Rhipsalis macrocarpa Miquel, Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 1838: 49. 1838 (in most part).
Rhipsalis phyllanthus Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 298. 1890 (in part).
Hariota macrocarpa Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Phyllocactus phyllanthus paraguayensis Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 957. 1898.
Phyllocactus phyllanthus bolaviensts Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 957. 1898.
Phyllocactus phyllanthus columbiensis Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 957. 1898.
Epiphyllum gaillardae Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 240. 1913.
Phyllocactus gatllardae Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 87. 1913.
Elongated and much branched; main branches narrow, terete or 3 or 4-angled, woody; termi-
nal joints elongated, terete or 3-angled below, usually flat or thin, rarely 3-winged, bright green with
a purple margin, sometimes 7 cm. broad, obtuse, the margin coarsely serrate, the teeth obtuse;
flower slender, 25 to 30 cm. long, the slender tube very much longer than the limb, green, the limb
greenish or white, its segments narrow, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; scales on flower-tube few, minute, spreading;
style long, slender, pinkish (Schumann says white) ; filaments short; stigma-lobes short, white; fruit
oblong, 7 to 9 cm. long, somewhat 8-ribbed, bright red; pulp white; seeds large, black, numerous.
According to De Candolle, the flowers are nocturnal and odoriferous.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Panama to British Guiana, Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil. Recorded from
Paraguay.
188 THE CACTACEAE.
The species has been recorded from the West Indies, apparently erroneously.
Our description is based on field notes made by Dr. Rose in Brazil in 1915 which differ
slightly from published descriptions. This plant is common in the woods along the coast of
eastern Brazil, often growing in inaccessible places high up in the great trees. Open flowers
were not seen, but buds, fruit, and seeds were obtained. Living
plants were collected and these have done well; one flower appeared
in the collection of the Department of Agriculture during Dr. Rose’s
absence in Ecuador in 1918. The caretaker, Mr. Fraile, describes the
flower as long and slender and very unlike other species of Epiphyllum,
of which he has seen many (Rose, No. 19627). It fruited in the New
York Botanical Garden in 1920. The plant is called flor de baile or
flower of the ball.
An Epiphyllum grows in the lowlands of Ecuador which we have
tentatively referred here, although we have never seen its flowers or
fruits. Dr. Rose collected it below Huigra, September 8, 1918 (No.
22614), and again above Santa Rosa near Limon eye October 17
(No. 23493).
Cactus phyllanthus of Linnaeus (Sp. Pl. 469. 1753) and Epiphyllum,
phyllanthus Haworth (Syn. Pl. Suce. 197. 1812) both contain references
not only to this species but to Epiphyllum phyllanthoides also.
The variety columbiensis was described by both Weber and Schu-
mann with a flower-tube only 6 cm. long. Frc. 195.—Seedling of
Cereus phyllanthus marginatus Parmentier is mentioned by Lemaire a eee! iNaim=
(Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 76. 1839) but not described. es
Illustrations: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 68, as Epiphyllum garllardae; Pfeiffer
and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 10, f. 1, as Cereus phyllanthus; Petiver, Gazoph. Dec.
pl. 59, f. 10. 1709, as Heliotropium, etc.; Dillenius, Hort. Elth. pl. 64, as Cereus scolopendrit,
etc.; De Candolle, Pl. Succ. Hist. pl. 145; Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 5: pl. 33 (except flower), as
Cactus phyllanthus; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 73, as Phyllocactus phyllanthus; Martius,
Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 44.
Figure 194 is from a photograph of a fruiting branch borne on the specimens obtained
by Dr. Rose in Brazil in 1915; figure 195 shows a seedling with its two large cotyledons,
grown from seeds sent by Mrs. D. D. Gaillard from Panama.
2. Epiphyllum oxypetalum (De Candolle) Haworth, Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829.
Cereus oxypetalus De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 470. 1828.
Cereus latifrons Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 125. 1837.
Phyllocactus oxypetalus Link in Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 341. 1843.
Phyllocactus latifrons Link in Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 341. 1843.
Phyllocactus grandis Lemaire, Fl. Serr. 3: 255b. 1847.
Phyllocactus guyanensis Brongnart in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 416. 1853.
Eptphyllum acuminatum Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: 222, 1890.
Phyllocactus acuminatus Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 213. 1897.
Phyllocactus purpusit Weingart, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 34. 1907.
Epiphyllum grande Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 257. 1913.
Plants stout, 3 meters long or more, much branched; branches flat and thin, 10 to 12 cm.
broad, long-acuminate, deeply crenate; flowers opening in the evening, drooping and limp after
anthesis, fragrant; tube of ower 13 to 15 cm. long, rather stout, red, about 1 cm. thick, bearing
distant narrow scales about 10 mm. long; outer perianth-segments narrow, reddish to amber, 8 to
10 cm. long; inner perianth-segments oblong, white; stamens numerous, white; style white, thick,
20 cm. long; stigma-lobes numerous, cream-colored, entire.
Type locality: Mexico. 3
Distribution: Mexico and Guatemala, Venezuela, and Brazil. Widely cultivated in
the tropics and doubtless an escape in many places.
EPIPHYLLUM. 189
This species has long been cultivated and has always been a great favorite on account
of the ease with which it is grown and the abundance of large flowers it furnishes. These
begin to open in the early evening and are perfect about midnight.
According to Mr. Pittier, this plant is known as flor de baile in Venezuela.
Epiphyllum latifrons Zuccarini (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 125. 1837) was given as a
synonym of Cereus latifrons when that name was first published.
The name Cactus oxypetalus Mocifio and Sessé was the first one given to this plant,
but De Candolle (Prodr. 3: 470. 1828) published the species as a Cereus, citing the above
name as a synonym.
The following hybrids were listed by Labouret (Monogr. Cact. 429. 1853) between
Phyllocactus latifrons and some other species of Epiphyllum or related genera; Phyllocactus
longipes, P. lothi, P. londoniu, P. macquianus, P. maeleni, P. maurantianus, P. mexicanus,
P. roseus albus, P. roseus superbus, P. sello1, P. smoli, and P. smithiz.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 35, as Phyllocactus purpusit; Meehans’
Monthly 12: 188, as Epiphyllum latifrons; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: pl. 14, as
Cereus oxypetalus; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 849. f. 112, as Phyllocactus oxypetalus;
Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 93; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 123, as Phyllocactus
grandis; Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 45, as Epiphyllum acuminatum; Engler and Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. 3%: f. 59, D, as Phyllocactus acuminatus; Gard. Chron. 1849: 788; Pfeiffer
and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 10, f. 2, 3; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 67: pl. 3813, as Cereus
latifrons; Gartenwelt 10: 560; Cact. Journ. 1: 55; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: pl. 2, f. 6;
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 209. f. 139; 210. f. 140, as Phyllocactus latifrons.
Fic. 196.—Epiphyllum pumilum. XX 0.5.
3. Epiphyllum pumilum Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 258. 1913.
Phyllocactus pumilus Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 117. 1893.
At first erect or ascending but often becoming pendent, sometimes 5 meters long; main stems
terete; branches of two types; some of them elongated, 8 to 15 dm. long, terete, whip-like, sometimes
becoming flattened at tip; some broad and flattened, rarely 3-winged, except at base, usually acute
or acuminate, 1 to 6 dm. long, 3 to 8.5 cm. broad, becoming thick when old, the margin remotely
toothed; flowers small for the genus; tube 5 to 6 cm. long, greenish white to reddish, bearing a few
very small ascending and appressed reddish scales; outer perianth-segments linear, greenish or red-
dish, acute; inner perianth-segments white, lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 cm. long; stamens in two
groups; style slender, white, oblong, 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter; fruit brilliant cerise
when ripe, 5 to 7-ridged, bearing a few very small reddish ascending scales; pulp of fruit white,
edible, sweet; seeds minute, jet-black.
190 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Guatemala.
Distribution: Lowlands of Guatemala.
This species has frequently been collected in Guatemala and is usually called Epiphyl-
lum pittieri, which it somewhat resembles in the size of the flower, but the style is always
white.
The flowers are night-blooming and sweet-scented. The fruit is much sought after
by the Guatemalan Indians, who call it pitahaya.
The above description is based on living specimens, full notes, and drawings, fur-
nished by Harry Johnson, a very keen observer, at one time stationed in Guatemala.
Figure 196 is copied from pencil sketches made by Mr. Harry Johnson at Chama,
Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, in 1920.
4. Epiphyllum caudatum Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 256. 1913.
Phyllocactus caudatus Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913.
Old stems terete and slender; lateral branches elongated-lanceolate, cuneately narrowed at base
into a terete stalk, long-acuminate, 15 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. wide, the margins low-undulate;
flowers white, the tube slender, about 7 cm. long; inner perianth-segments about 6 cm. long; ovary
and most of the flower-tube quite naked.
Fic. 197.—Epiphyllum caudatum.
Type locality: Near Comaltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, altitude 540 to 900 meters.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
We have seen no specimens of this species except the type, but Dr. B. P. Reko, under
date of June 28, 1919, wrote that he had seen the plant not only at Comaltepec, but at
other places in the Sierra Juarez.
A plant sent from Chiapas, Mexico, by Dr. C. A. Purpus in 1920 has joints with
similar acuminate tips, but the margins are indented. We do not know its flowers.
Figure 197 is from a photograph of the type specimen.
5. Epiphyllum darrahii (Schumann) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 256. 1913.
Phyllocactus darrahit Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. 69. 1903.
Stems much branched, often terete and woody below; joints rather thick, 2 to 3 dm. long, 3
to 5 cm. wide, deeply lobed, sometimes nearly to the midrib, the lobes usually obtuse; tube of
flower 9 cm. long, somewhat curved, greenish; scales on tube and ovary small, linear, green, ap-
pressed; outer perianth-segments 10, linear, spreading or reflexed, acute, 4 cm. long, lemon-yellow;
inner perianth-segments pure white, nearly as long as the outer, broader and more erect, short-
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XVI
M. E. Eaton del.
1. Flowering plant of Zpzphyllum darrahit.
2. Top of flowering plant of Apiphyllum pittiert.
EPIPHYLLUM. 191
acuminate; filaments white, nearly as long as the perianth-segments; style overtopping the
stamens, pure white; stigma-lobes 8, linear.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range unknown.
This species was named for Charles Darrah of Heaton Mersey near Manchester,
England (1844-1903). His large and valuable collection of succulents, especially cacti,
was presented to the Corporation of Manchester by his widow and family and is now
housed in specially constructed houses in Alexander Park. In 1908 the late Robert Lamb
published a catalogue of 129 pages of this collection.
The plant is cultivated in Mexico and is much prized as a potted plant for the patio;
one of these was obtained by Dr. Rose in Ixmiquilpan in 1905 (No. 9091). Living specimens
were sent home and these have repeatedly flowered in Washington and New York. It
flowers abundantly, its blossoms giving off a most delicious honeysuckle-like fragrance;
we have seen no specimens of wild plants.
Fic. 198.—Epiphyllum darrahii.
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 91, as Phyllocactus darrahi.
Plate xvi, figure 1, shows the plant in flower, collected by Dr. Rose in Mexico in
1905, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in September 1917. Figure 198
is from a photograph of the plant collected by Dr. Rose at Ixmiquilpan, Mexico, in 1905
which afterwards flowered in Washington.
6. Epiphyllum anguliger (Lemaire) Don in Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1380. 1855.
Phyllocactus anguliger Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. 1: pl. 92. 1851.
Phyllocactus serratus Brongnart in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 417. 1853.
Much branched; stems and lower branches terete; upper branches flattened with deeply
toothed margins, rather fleshy; areoles small, usually felted and sometimes bearing 1 or 2 white
bristles; flower-tube stout, without scales, about 8 cm. long; outer perianth-segments brownish
yellow, inner perianth-segments white, oblong, acuminate, about 5 cm. long; style slender, white.
Type locality: Near Matanejo, Mexico.
Distribution: Central and southern Mexico.
We know the species only from cultivated plants. When not in flower it is difficult
to distinguish it from Epiphyllum darrahit.
192 THE CACTACEAE.
This plant was first distributed by the Horticultural Society of London, which obtained
it from the collector, T. Hartweg, in 1846, from southern Mexico, where it was found
growing on oak trees.
Phyllocactus angularis occurs in the index of Labouret’s Monograph (511), credited to
Lemaire, and also is listed in the Index Kewensis. It may have been a manuscript name
for this species.
Tilustrations: Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. 1: pl. 92; Lindley and Paxton, FI. Gard. 1: pl. 34;
Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 85: pl. 5100; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 3: f. 134; Amer. Gard. 11: 538;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 24; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 1: f. 306;
Palmer, Cult. Cact. 167; Watson, Cact. Cult. 48. f. 11; ed. 3. f. 9; Floralia 42: 377, as Phyl-
locactus anguliger.
7. Epiphyllum grandilobum (Weber) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S$. Nat. Herb. 16: 257. 1913.
Phyllocactus grandilobus Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 464. 1902.
Branches bright green, very large, up to 25 cm. broad with the margins deeply lobed and with
a thick midvein and obtuse or rounded apex; lobes rounded, 3 to 5 cm. long; flowers described as
large, white, opening at night; fruit red without.
Type locality: 1a Hondura, Costa Rica.
Distribution: Costa Rica.
Weber speaks of this as a very remarkable species of which he had not seen flowers
or fruit. His description was based on specimens collected by Wercklé in 1900 and also
by Pittier in 1905.
Specimens of the type collection were obtained by Mr. Wm. R. Maxon from A. Brade
in Costa Rica in 1906 (No. 13), but these have never flowered. In the New York Botanical
Garden is a small specimen received from Wercklé in 1902 as Epiphyllum grandilobum ,
this shows one very deep lobe; a young joint shows shallow crenations and suggests E.
macropterum. A plant of this relationship was collected by Mr. Pittier in Panama in 1911
(No. 4229) and is now growing in Washington, but has not flowered.
We believe that Phyllocactus macrolobus of Schumann’s Keys belongs here, the specific
name in error for grandilobus.
8. Epiphyllum crenatum (Lindley) G. Don in Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1378. 1855.
Cereus crenatus Lindley in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 30: pl. 31. 1844.
Phyllocactus crenatus* Lemaire, Hort. Univ. 6: 87. 1845.
Phyllocactus caulorrhizus Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. 1: Misc. 6. 1851.
Epiphyllum caulorhizum G. Don in Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1380. 1855.
Old stems woody and terete; branches glaucous, often rooting at the tips, rather stiff, 2 to 3
cm. broad, obtuse, erect, at least at first, with large deep crenations, cuneate at base, the midrib
thick; areoles at base of stem and branches often bearing hairs or small bristles; flowers very
fragrant, rather large, the limb 10 to 12 cm. broad, cream-colored to greenish yellow, tube 10 to
12 cm. long, slender, bearing linear scales 2 to 3 cm. long; inner perianth-segments oblanceolate, 6
em. long; filaments yellow; style white; stigma-lobes narrow; ovary scaly, some of the scales 2 cm.
long, somewhat spreading.
Type locality: Honduras.
Distribution: Honduras and Guatemala.
This species has long been a favorite with yardeners, and many hybrids with it have
been produced; the flowers, which are delicately fragrant, are diurnal and remain expanded
for several days.
Among hybrids with other species are Phyllocactus crenatus amaranthinus, P. elegans,
erleri, haageanus, lateritius, roseus, splendens, superbus, and vogelit.
Illustrations: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 30: pl. 31, as Cereus crenatus; Bliihende Kakteen 3:
pl. 180, as Phyllocactus crenatus vogelii; Gartenflora 40: pl. 1347; Garten-Zeitung 4: 182.
* This name was also published by Walpers in 1843 (Repert. Bot. 2. 820).
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XVII
M. E. Eaton del.
A Hoens Co, Baltimore
1. End of branch of Epiphyllum macropterum.
2. Base of branch of same.
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EPIPHYLLUM. 193
f. 42, No. 4; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 80, as Phyllocactus crenatus; Loudon,
Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1379. f. 19401.
Figure 199 is from a photograph showing the base and tip of a branch of this species
sent from Guatemala.
Fic. 199.—Epiphyllum crenatum.
9. Epiphyllum macropterum (Lemaire).
Phyllocactus macropterus Lemaire, INustr. Hort. 11: Misc. 73. 1864.
Phyllocactus thomastanus Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5:6. 1895.
Phyllocactus costaricensis Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 463. 1902.
? Phyllocactus macrocarpus Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 464. 1902.
Epiphyllum costaricense Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 256. 1913.
Epiphyllum thomasianum Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 259. 1913.
Plants up to 2 meters long, the joints weak, sometimes 10 cm. broad, thin, their margins horny;
areoles distant (4 to 6 cm. apart) along the slightly indented margins; flower very large for genus,
long, curved as in Epiphyllum oxypetalum; scales of ovary small, green, spreading, with long hairs
in their axils; scales on tube longer (10 to 12 mm. long), less spreading but similar to those on ovary,
acute; outer perianth-segments narrow, salmon-colored or with yellow tips, 10 cm. long; inner
perianth-segments pure white, 8 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. broad; tube of the flower 10 to 12 cm.
long; throat 5 to 6 cm. long, funnelform, narrow below, 3 cm. broad at top; stamens lemon-yellow,
slender, in 2 definite clusters, a single continuous row at top of throat, the second cluster scattered
all over throat except for intervals of 2 cm. below upper one; style stout, 20 cm. long, pure white.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Costa Rica.
According to Mr. Fraile, the flower always comes out on the under side of the joint
and lies appressed to it, instead of standing out free from it as in other species of the genus.
A vigorous plant in greenhouse cultivation but it flowers only sparingly.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: pl. [1]; Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 41, as
Phyllocactus thomasianus.
Plate xvu, figure 1, shows a branch of a plant sent by Dr. Wm. R. Maxon from San
José, Costa Rica, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1912; figure 2
194 THE CACTACEAE.
shows the base of the branch. Figure 200 is from a photograph showing the top and base of
a joint.
10. Epiphyllum lepidocarpum (Weber) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 257. 1913.
Phyllocactus lepidocarpus Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 462. 1902.
Old and lower part of stems woody, cylindric; upper branches usually flattened, sometimes
3-winged, thickish, but not very stiff, 2 to 3 cm. wide; margins cut “stair-like,”’ the areole closed
by a small scale bearing in its axil short wool and a few bristles; flowers 20 cm. long, white and
night-blooming; stamens in 2 rows; style white; fruit 9 cm. long by 4 cm. in diameter, violet-red,
covered with long scales, at first erect, but finally becoming reflexed; flesh described as white, *
acidulous, somewhat agreeable to the taste.
Fic. 200.—Epiphyllum macropterum.
Type locality: Near Cartago, Costa Rica.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Our description is based on that of M. Weber. The very scaly fruit should be charac-
teristic, but plants received from Costa Rica under the name Phyllocactus lepidocarpus
produced smooth fruits at the New York Botanical Garden.
11. Epiphyllum pittieri (Weber) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 258. 1913.
Phyllocactus pittiert Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 957. 1898.
Stem usually terete below, much divided, 2 to 3 meters long; branches flat and thin, mostly
5 cm. wide or less, the margins coarsely toothed; flowers rather small, the tube about 8 cm. long,
white to greenish white, bearing a few red, ascending scales; outer perianth-segments 4 to 4.5 cm.
long, narrow, yellowish green, or some of the lower ones tinged with red, acute; inner perianth-
segments white, a little shorter than the outer; stamens white, erect, in 2 series, longer than the
style; style white above, red or purplish below; ovary with a few red scales; fruit dark red, 2 cm.
long; seeds dull black.
*Mr. Wercklé, who discovered this species, states in a letter (September 22, 1921) that the flesh is crimson.
“BOY BYSOD WoIy ‘asayped wnptydidy
PLATE XVIII
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EPIPHYLLUM. 195
Type locality: Costa Rica.
Distribution: Costa Rica.
This species is an abundant bloomer, flowering in cultivation usually in January but
also at other times of the year; its flowers are the smallest of the genus.
Plate xvi, figure 2, shows a flowering branch from the specimen sent by Mr. Pittier
from Zent, Costa Rica, in 1904; plate xv11I shows another plant of the same collection
which flowered in Washington.
12. Epiphyllum guatemalense Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 257. 1913.
Phyllocactus guatemalensis Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913.
Plant rather stout, in cultivation a meter long or longer; old stem woody, with gray bark,
terete; branches green, flat, 4 to 8 cm. broad, narrowed at base and there terete, coarsely crenate,
obtuse at apex; flower-bud pointed; flowers nocturnal, about 28 cm. long; tube about 15 cm. long,
Fic. 201.—Epiphyllum guatemalense.
straight or nearly so, green or yellowish green, somewhat angled, at least below, bearing only a few
red-tipped scales; inner central part of tube densely pilose; outer perianth- segments scale-like with
red reflexed tips; inner pure white, narrow, 8 to 9 cm. long, acuminate; stamens borne on whole
surface of rather short throat and therefore in more than one series; filaments pure white; style 25
cm. long, somewhat glossy, orange; stigma-lobes orange; ovary pale, bearing a few spreading scales.
Type locality: Guatemala.
Distribution: Guatemala, but range unknown.
Two very distinct forms occur in this species which are hard to explain. They are so
different that it seemed at first they must represent two distinct species, as they occur on
separate plants. In one (it may be simply the juvenile form) the joints are rather thin and
broad (5 to8 cm. broad), the margins soft, with low broad undulations separated by a narrow,
nearly closed sinus; in the other (it may perhaps be the adult form) the joints are stiff
and narrow, the margins horny, the undulations with an open triangular sinus.
Illustration: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 78.
Figure 201 is from a photograph of the type plant.
196 THE CACTACEAE.
13. Epiphyllum strictum (Lemaire) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 259. 1913.
Phyllocactus strictus Lemaire, Ilustr. Hort. 1: Mise. 107. 1854.
Plant up to 2 meters long; joints linear, green, 5 to 8 cm. broad, coarsely serrate, stiff; tube
of flower 13 to 15 cm. long, slender, green, bearing a few distant scales 8 to 12 mm. long; outer
perianth-segments pink, the inner white, narrow, acuminate, 6 to 8 cm. long; filaments white;
style pink or red; stigma-lobes yellow; fruit globose, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter; seeds black.
Type locality: Cuba, but the plant was grown there from seed.
Distribution: Southern Mexico and Guatemala to Panama.
The plant was found in the wild state in Honduras by Mr. Percy Wilson in 1902. All
the other specimens studied by us are from cultivated plants. The species is common in
collections.
Illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 41; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 183;
Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 18, as Phyllocactus strictus.
re
Fic. 202.—Epiphyllum stenopetalum.
14. Epiphyllum stenopetalum (Forster) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 259. 1913.
Phyllocactus stenopetalus Forster, Handb. Cact. 441. 1846.
Described as with the habit of Epiphyllum latifrons but with different flowers, these delicately
fragrant; flower-tube 12 to 15 cm. long, bearing small, spreading, rose-colored scales; outer perianth-
segments rose-colored to reddish green; inner perianth-segments white, elongated, linear (7 to 8
em. long, very natrow, 4 to 7 mm. broad), spreading or recurved; stamens somewhat exserted;
style slender, pink or purplish; stigma-lobes 12 to 14, yellow; fruit unknown.
EPIPHYLLUM. 197
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Oaxaca, Mexico.
This plant is a night-bloomer but the flowers are late in closing, sometimes remaining
partially open as late as 9 o’clock in the morning.
The above description is compiled from that of Salm-Dyck with reference to a plant
at the New York Botanical Garden, received from Paris in 1909.
It resembles EF. strictum but the joints are more flexible and broader and it has some-
what larger flowers than that species; we havea herbarium specimen identified by Schumann
which was collected by P. Sintenis from a cultivated plant grown in Porto Rico.
In 1911 C. Conzatti sent us from Coyula, Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, cuttings of what we now
take to be this species. These grew into vigorous plants 3 meters long and flowered in
Washington in 1921 and 1922.
Illustration: Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 56, as Phyllocactus stenopetalus (seedling).
Figure 202 is from a photograph showing the top and base of a branch from Pro-
fessor Conzatti’s plant.
15. Epiphyllum cartagense (Weber) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 256. 1913.
Phyllocactus cartagensis Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 462. 1902.
Phyllocactus cartagensis refractus Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 462. 1902.
Phyllocactus cartagensis robustus Weber, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 180. 1905.
Plants 2 to 3 meters long, usually more or less flattened in the lower and older parts; joints
short or elongated, 4 to 5 cm. broad, coarsely toothed or crenate, green; flowers opening at night,
the slender tube 10 to 15 cm. long, reddish, bearing a few short distant scales; outer perianth-
segments pink to yellowish; inner segments 5 to 7 cm. long, white; stamens in one series; filaments
white; style pink to white; stigma-lobes yellow; fruit oblong, 7 to 8 cm. long, 3 cm. in diameter,
red without, white within.
Type locality: Near Cartago, Costa Rica.
Distribution: Costa Rica.
A species apparently composed of several races, differing in margins of the joints, in
size of flowers, and in color of style. It is called in Costa Rica platanillo de monte.
16. Epiphyllum hookeri Haworth, Phil. Mag. 6: 108. 1829.
Cereus hookeri Link and Otto, Cat. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1828.
Cereus marginatus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 340. 1834. Not De Candolle, 1828.
Phyllocactus hookert Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1841. 38. 1842.
Plants usually 2 to 3 meters long, but sometimes 7 meters long; joints 5 to 9 cm. broad, rather
thin, light green, deeply crenate; flowers inodorous, the tube slender, 11 to 13 cm. long, greenish,
bearing a few narrow, slightly spreading, rose-tipped scales; outer perianth-segments narrow,
greenish pink, sometimes rose-colored at tip, the inner pure white, narrow, 5 cm. long; stamens in
a single series, attached at top of throat; filaments white; style carmine, except yellowish base and
pinkish top, smooth in upper half, papillose in lower half; stigma-lobes yellow; ovary green,
somewhat angled, 2 cm. long, bearing a few small spreading scales; fruit oblong, 8 cm. long, red,
somewhat angled, bearing a few scattered scales; seeds numerous, black, shining, reniform.
Type locality: Cited as Brazil, presumably in error.
Distribution: Tobago, Trinidad, and northern Venezuela.
This plant when it first flowered in cultivation in 1826 was taken for Cactus phyllanthus
and was so figured and described in the Botanical Magazine, but it was soon discovered
to be very different from that species.
While Brazil is cited as the type locality for this species we have seen no specimens
from any point south of Venezuela. The plant is and has been widely cultivated in
tropical America, commonly under the erroneous name, Epiphyllum phyllanthus. In
Trinidad it forms great masses on trees and on coastal cliffs, ascending the trees to a length
of 10 meters or more, branching profusely, and is very floriferous.
Phyllocactus marginatus Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 37. 1845) doubtless
belongs. here.
198 THE CACTACEAE.
Illustrations: Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 5, as Cereus hookert;
Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 53: pl. 2692; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. 413. f. 6901, as Cactus phyllanthus;
Addisonia 5: pl. 192.
Plate x1x shows a flowering branch from a specimen sent by W. E. Broadway from
the Island of Tobago in 1909.
HYBRIDS. C
EPIPHYLLUM ACKERMANNII Haworth, Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829.
Cactus ackermannit Lindley in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1331. 1830.
Cereus ackermannit Otto in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 123. 1837.
Phyllocactus ackermannti Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1841. 38. 1842.
Branches weak, flat, and thin with crenate margins; areoles felted, often bristly or with weak
spines, especially on the young growth; flowers day-blooming, very large, sometimes 1.5 to 2 dm.
broad, crimson; inner perianth-segments oblong, acute; filaments long, weak, declined; style more
or less declined, pinkish; stigma-lobes white; ovary more or less bristly.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico.
This species was originally described as from Mexican plants sent to Haworth from
Ackermann and, supposedly, from wild plants, but the general belief now is that the plant
is of hybrid origin. The flowers are so much like those of Heliocereus that this genus
probably furnished one of its parents (see Botanical Magazine, pl. 3598).
On the other hand, E. A. Goldman collected in Chiapas a series of specimens which
seems to represent more than one species, but all the flowers are similar to those of
Epiphyllum ackermanni and one of the specimens may represent the wild state of that
species. - The plants all have flat joints bearing clusters of spines in their areoles.
Many garden varieties and artificial hybrids have been obtained from this plant, some
described under English and others under Latin names.
Illustrations: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1331, as Cactus ackermanni1; Curtis’s Bot.
Mag. 64: pl. 3598, as Cereus ackermanni; Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 49; Cycl. Amer.
Hort. Bailey 3: f. 1773; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 3: f. 133; Karsten, Deutsche Fl. 887. f.
501, No. 6; ed. 2. 2: 456. f. 605, No. 6; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 841. f. 111; Riimpler,
Sukkulenten 149. f. 81; Watson, Cact. Cult. 47. f. 10; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden
Kakteen 97; ed. 3. f. 8; Amer. Gard. 11: pl. opp. 445; Gartenflora 32: 374, as Phyllocactus
ackermanni1; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. 1202. f. 17368; Encyel. Brittanica ed. 11. 4: 926. f. 3,
as Phyllocactus; Rev. Hort. 1861: 226. f. 44; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 1402.
Cactus hybridus was described and illustrated by P. C. Van Géel (Sert. Bot. 1: pl.
115. 1832). He states that it is known in Great Britain as C. ackermannit.
EPIPHYLLUM HYBRIDUM Hortus in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 121. 1837.
This was given as a synonym of Cereus speciosissimus lateritius, which is briefly
mentioned in volume 2 (p. 128) of this work.
EPIPHYLLUM JENKENSONII G. Don, Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 170. 1834.
Epiphyllum speciosum jenkensoniz G. Don in Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 2. 1202. 1841.
This plant is an artificial hybrid raised from Heliocereus speciosissimus, impregnated by the
pollen of Epiphyllum phyllanthoides; it has branches 3-angled at base but flattened above, with
areoles very prominent and spiny; flowers large, 10 cm. broad and deep scarlet; fruit nearly
globular, purple, 2.5 cm. in diameter, its areoles bearing a few spines and bristles. We have had it
to flower and fruit in cultivation.
EPIPHYLLUM SPLENDIDUM Paxton, Mag. Bot. 1: 49. 1834.
Cereus splendidus Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 336. 1840.
Epiphyllum aitoni Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 561. 1840.
Epiphyllum hitchentt Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 561. 1840.
We know this plant only from a colored illustration (Paxton, Mag. Bot. 1: pl. facing 49). The
flower is very large, 10 inches broad, red, tinged with orange; flower-tube much shorter than limb,
and suggests a relationship with Epiphyllum ackermannit. Branches flat and strongly crenate. It
‘SaIpuy yseM\ ‘O8eqoy, wory ‘ayooy mnyiydid J
IV
ROSE, VOL.
BRITTON AND
EPIPHYLLUM. 199
is said to be a native of Mexico, but probably is of hybrid origin. It is described as having one of
the largest flowers among cacti, rivaling Selenicereus grandiflorus and Heliocereus speciosus.
Epiphyllum splendens Hortus (Ann. Fl. Pom. 343, 1839) is referred here by the Index
Kewensis. It is, however, described on page 345 and illustrated on plate 44. This illustra-
tion is very different from that of Paxton.
PHYLLOCACTUS ALBUS GRANDIFLORUS.
Illustration: Cact. Journ. 1: 37.
PHYLLOCACTUS ALBUS SUPERBUS.
Illustration: Blane, Cacti 88, No. 2511.
PHYLLOCACTUS COOPERI Regel, Gartenflora 33: 218. 1884.
This is a hybrid between Epiphyllum crenatum and Selenicereus grandiflorus. It
has large yellowish flowers.
Tilustrations: Gartenflora 33: pl. 1176, as Phyllocactus crenato grandiflorus; Cassell’s
Dict. Gard. 2: 192.
PHYLLOCACTUS EREBUS.
This is a large red-flowered hybrid.
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 160.
PHYLLOCACTUS HAAGEI.
This is doubtless a garden hybrid related to Epiphyllum ackermanni. It has large
flowers, 12.5 cm. broad, at first flesh-colored, becoming carmine.
Illustrations: Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 590. f. 58; Watson, Cact. Cult. 54. f. 13.
PHYLLOCACTUS HIBRIDUS GORDONIANUS.
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen I: pl. 36.
PHYLLOCACTUS HIBRIDUS WRAVI.
This is said to be a cross between Selenicereus grandiflorus and Epiphyllum crenatum.
Illustration: Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 62.
PHYLLOCACTUS HILDMANNII.
Illustration: Gartenflora 44: pl. 1421, f. 2.
PHYLLOCACTUS MARSUS.
Illustration: Dict. Gard. Nicholson Suppl. 598. f. 631.
PHYLLOCACTUS PFERSDORFFII.
Illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: 38; Ritmpler, Sukkulenten f. 85; Schelle, Handb. Kak-
teenk. 221. f. 144.
PHYLLOCACTUS ROSEUS GRANDIFLORUS Watson, Cact. Cult. 55. 1889.
This was figured and described by Watson with flowers 15 cm. long and broad, nodding
and white(!); doubtless of hybrid origin; it may be the same as Phyllocactus roseus
grandissimus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 182. 1909).
Illustrations: Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 591. f. 59; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 857. f.
117; Watson, Cact. Cult. 55. f. 14.
PHYLLOCACTUS RUESTIL Weingart, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 123. 1914.
We have not seen this plant and Mr. Weingart, who described it, says that he does
not possess either living or herbarium material but that it is still growing at Halle, Germany.
200
THE CACTACEAE.
PHYLLOCACTUS TRIUMPHANS.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 3.
Epiphyllum speciosum lateritium Henslow (Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 2. 1202. 1841), an
English hybrid, produced in 1828, is described as having brick-colored flowers.
Phyllocactus tonduzii Weber is mentioned by Schumann (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10:
127. 1900).
Phyllocactus tuna is a name used by Wercklé (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 180. 1905)
for a Costa Rican plant, without description.
Phyllocactus weingartii Berger (Monatschr. Kakteenk. 30: 33. 1920) is related to
Epiphyllum ackermannit.
Charles Simon in 1893 published a list of 62 names of Epiphyllum, most of which are
undoubtedly hybrids and some are referable to Zygocactus.
The following binominals
and trinomials are in the usual Latin form for specific and varietal names and are not
recorded elsewhere:
album violaceum
amabile
aurantiacum
brasiliense
carminatum
cruentum
gracilis
grandiflorum
grande superbum
harrissoni
hercule
latetium album
maximum
multiflorum
palidum roseum
purpureum
roseum
rubrum violaceum
truckerianum superbum
salmoneum marginatum
spectabile coccineum
translucens
tricolor
violaceum elegans
violaceum grandifiorum
violaceum rubrum
violaceum speciosum
violaceum superbum
There are many Latin names of Phyllocactus in catalogues, representing hybrids. We
give below only those which have been used more or less in general botanical works, either
as binominals or trinominals in regular Latin form:
acutifrons
agatha
alatus
albus superbiens
alexandrinae
amarantinus
arnoldi
aurantiacus superbus
belgicus
bergeri
bleindlii
boehmii
buestii
campmannii
caparti
capelleanus
carolus magnus
castneri
chico
coccineus
demouline
dolores
epirus
fuertii
germania
guentneri
hamburgiensis
haufhi
helenus
hempelii
hibridus
incomparabilis minuatus
jenkinsonii
kerthii
laarsenii
lorenzii
lunus
mexicanus*
purpureus
ruelcheri
speciosissimus feltonii
superbus
ulbrechtii
victoria-regia
vogelii
wippenmannii
wrayi
zarka
In 1897 Charles Simon, of Saint-Ouen, Paris, published a list of 370 names of Pliyllo-
cactus, most of which were probably hybrids. The following binomials and trinomials are
in the usual Latin form for specific and varietal names and are not recorded elsewhere:
ackermannii hybridus
ackermannii major
alatus major
albus grandidissimus
albus perfectus
albus superbissimus
amabilis
amabilis perfectus
atrosanguineus
aurantiacus
bergei
billiardieri
binderi
blindii
boliviensis
bollwillerianus
bothii
brongnarti
burmeisteri
colmariensis
colombiensis
courantii
crassuliefolius
crenatus amarantinus
crenatus caulorhizus
crenatus hirsutis
crenatus lateralis
crenatus latifolius
crenatus luteus
crenatus ruber
crispielsi
curtissi
dangeli
decumbens
deveauxi
dieffenbacchianus
dumoulini
edwarsii
elegans
erectus perfectus
erectus superbus
ernesti
erubescens
fastuosus
feasti
felonis
feltoni
floribundus
formosus
franzii
funkii
gloriosus
gordonianus
grandidissimus
grandifiorus
grandifiorus albiflorus
grandifilorus ruber
guebwillerianus
guedeneyi
hansii
havermansii
hitchensis
ignescens °
jenkinsonii superbus
johnsonii
jordanis
kampmannii
kermesimus magnus
kiardi
kranzii
krausei
laetingii
laloyi
laudowi
leopoldii
lorentzii
ludmani
ludwigi
maigretii
magnificus
makoyi
mayanus
meyerianus
meuhlenpfordtii
mulhousianus
multiflorus
neubertii
niedtii
niger
nitens
nymphoea beata
paraguayensis
pentneri
phyllantoides
phyllantoides crenatus
potstachianus
poulletianus
pressleri
* A hybrid referred by Index Kewensis to Cereus mexicanus.
DISOCACTUS. 201
pulcherrimus roseus miniatus schmidtii tettani
quilliardetti roseus splendidus sellowii tricolor
raveaudii roydii specillimus undiflorus
rebuti ruber speciosissimus vandesii
reichei tuber perfectus speciosissimus grandiflorus vonhoffini
reineckii ruber violaceus speciosus roseus vitellinus
roseus carmineus sarniensis splendens warscewiczii
roseus carneus schaffieri splendidus wittmackianus
roseus floribundus schallerianus stenesi
roseus grandidissimus schlimmi superbissimus
CACTUS ENSIFORMIS Biden, Gard. Chron, II. 20: 53. 1883.
This is evidently some Epiphyllum hybrid. It was sent to H. B. Biden from Manchester,
England, in 1883 and flowered the same year. Its flowers were described as 6 inches
across, white, richly scented, and remaining open for 3 days.
Cactus speciosus erandiflorus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 11. 1904) is supposed to be
some hybrid Epiphyllum.
Fic. 203.—Tip of branch with flower of Disocactus biformis. X 0.8.
5. DISOCACTUS Lindley in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 31: pl. 9. 1845.
Disisocactus Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 3:533. 1845.
Irregularly branching, spineless epiphytes, the stem terete; branches numerous, flattened;
areoles marginal; flowers diurnal, borne near tips of branches, nearly regular; tube shorter than
limb; perianth-segments few, elongated, spreading; ovary small, cylindric, elongated, bearing a
few minute scales; fruit globular to ovoid, not at all angled.
Fic. 204.—Disocactus biformis.
Type species: Cereus biformis Lindley.
We recognize two species, both from Central America.
The name is from dis twice, and xaxtos cactus, and was given because the perianth-
segments of the inner and outer series were equal in the type specimens.
202 THE CACTACEAE.
Key TO SPECIES.
Slender with linear lateral branches, their margins slightly toothed; style and stamens about length of
PETIA TIED=SE SIE TLES Me eet teres ae atc oevest east ee Sere ch nde es ee utiet eee Cay re eD 1. D. biformis
Spreading with oblanceolate lateral branches, their margins crenate; style and stamens long-exserted.. 2. D. eichlamii
1. Disocactus biformis Lindley in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 31: pl. 9. 1845.
Cereus biformis Lindley in Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 29: Misc. 51. 1843.
Disisocactus biformis Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 3: 533. 1845.
Phyllocactus biformis Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 418. 1853.
Eptphyllum biforme G. Don in Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1378. 1855.
Plant 2 dm. long or longer; branches linear, 5 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. broad, with serrate
margins; flower-bud elongated, curved upward, pointed; tube of the flower about 1 cm. long, the
segments 8 (rarely 9), magenta, about 3 cm. long, the outer 4 or 5 spreading or curved backward,
linear, the inner 3 or 4 broader and more erect; stamens Io to 12, slightly exserted, borne in 2 series
at top of tube; style slender, purple; stigma-lobes 4, white; ovary short-oblong, green, somewhat
tubercled, with a few areoles subtended by small ovate scales; fruit ovoid, 1.5 cm. long, turgid,
wine-colored.
Type locality: Honduras. The species described from a garden specimen, introduced
into England in 1839.
Fic. 205.—Disocactus eichlamii.
Distribution: Honduras and Guatemala.
We have had this plant under observation for a number of years. It is rather a shy
bloomer with us, although we get one or two flowers each spring; the flowers open in the
night or early morning and remain open all day; they begin to wither the second morning.
The perianth-segments are more widely spreading in the morning than in the afternoon.
The flower is almost horizontal and the tube proper is about the length of the ovary. The
fruit matures very slowly. In 1920 we had a plant flower in April, but the fruit did not
mature until July 8.
Illustrations: Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 876. f. 120; Riimpler, Sukkulenten f. 86,
as Disisocactus biformis; Bliihende Kakteen 1: pl. 54; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. tor: pl. 6156;
Dict. Gard. Nicholson 3: f. 135; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 141; Watson, Cact. Cult. 50.
f. 12, as Phyllocactus biformis; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1379. f. 19403, as Epiphyllum
biforme; Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 31: pl. 9; Palmer, Cult. Cact. 175.
Plate xxxu, figure 2, shows a branch of a fruiting plant sent to Dr Rose by
Robert Lamb of Manchester, England, in 1912. Figure 203 shows the flower of the same
plant; figure 204 is from a photograph of the same plant in flower.
CHIAPASIA. 203
2. Disocactus eichlamii (Weingart) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 259. 1913.
Phyllocactus eichlamii Weingart, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21:5. 1911.
Branching near the base; branches oblong, 2 to 3 dm. long, 3 to 5 cm. broad, cuneate at base,
obtuse, thickish, strongly crenate; flowers several at the uppermost areoles, slender, 4 cm. long;
stamens and style exserted; stigma-lobes 5; fruit red, 1 cm. in diameter with white pulp; seeds
1.5 mm. long.
Type locality: Guatemala.
Distribution: Guatemala.
This plant we know only from the collection of F. Eichlam; living specimens were
sent to Washington by him which soon afterward flowered, but these have since died.
Eichlam wrote that the flowers were a brilliant red. The species was named for Federico
Eichlam, who lived in Guatemala at the time of his death in rort.
Illustration: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 79.
Figure 205 is from a photograph of the type plant in flower.
6. CHIAPASIA gen. nov.
An epiphytic spineless cactus, the branches flattened, crenate, with slender terete bases, the
large flowers borne at upper areoles; perianth narrowly campanulate; tube about half as long as
limb, bearing a few small triangular scales; segments about 8, linear, recurved, spreading; ovary
ovoid, shorter than tube, also with a few small scales; filaments about 20, not longer than perianth-
segments; stigma-lobes few.
Type species: Epiphyllum nelsoni Britton and Rose.
A monotypic genus, its name taken from that of the Mexican state in which it grows.
1. Chiapasia nelsonii Britton and Rose.
Epiphyllum nelsoni Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 257. 1913.
Phyllocactus nelsonii Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913.
Phyllocactus chiapensis J. A. Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 118. 1918.
Fic. 206.—Chiapasia nelsonii.
Branches 6 to 12 dm. long, slender and terete below, flat and thin above, 3 to 4 em. broad;
margin low, crenate; flowers light rose-red; tube 2 to 3 cm. long; segments about 6 cm. long, narrow,
acute.
Type locality: Near Chicharras, Chiapas, Mexico, altitude 900 to 1,800 meters.
Distribution: Known only from Chiapas.
204 THE CACTACEAE.
Our first description of this plant was based on an herbarium specimen, but consider-
able additional information is now known regarding its habit. A very fine plant was grown
at Darmstadt by J. A. Purpus, a photograph of which we have, showing that the main
branches are long and terete while the lateral branches are broad and thin, often pendent,
with 1 to 3 flowers near the end; the flowers are horizontal, with the perianth-segments
more or less recurved; the stamens and style are slender and long-exserted.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 119, as Phyllocactus chiapensts.
Figure 206 is from a photograph of the type specimen.
7. ECCREMOCACTUS Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 261. 1913.
Plants epiphytic, pendent (erect or ascending in cultivation), several-jointed, the joints flat and
thickish with spine-bearing marginal areoles or in cultivation often spineless; flowers solitary at
upper areoles, funnelform, the short, nearly cylindric tube bearing small somewhat spreading scales,
but no spines; perianth withering-persistent, its segments obtuse, rounded, or the innermost acutish;
stamens and style white, included, slender, declinate; fruit carmine-red, oblong, with a few spine-
less areoles; seeds numerous, minute, black.
Type species: Eccremocactus bradei Britton and Rose.
Only one species is known, a native of Costa Rica. We have had the plant in cultiva-
tion for a number of years; it is a shy bloomer.
The generic name is from éxxpeuwns hanging from, and kakros cactus.
1. Eccremocactus bradei Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 262. 1913.
Phyllocactus bradei Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 118. 1913.
Epiphytic on trees; joints 15 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 10 cm. broad, light dull green, flat, but the
central axis somewhat elevated on both sides, the margins shallowly crenate, with small spine-
bearing areoles in the sinuses; spines solitary or in 2’s or 3's, dark brown, 6 mm. long or less; flowers
developing very slowly, 6 to 7 cm. long, slightly asymmetrical; outermost perianth-segments thick,
shining, pinkish; outer ones oblong, thinner, pinkish white; inner perianth-segments oblong, obtuse,
3 to 3.5 cm. long; flower-tube 1 cm. long; throat broad, short, covered with stamens; filaments very
slender, delicate, white, strongly declined; style slender, nearly white, slightly pinkish above, elon-
gated, glabrous; stigma-lobes 8; ovary angled by the elongated tubercles; its areoles bearing a line
of short hairs, subtended by thick ovate purple scales; seeds 1.5 mm. long.
Type locality: Cerro Turriwares, near Orotina (formerly Santo Domingo de San
Mateo), Costa Rica.
Distribution: In dense forests at low altitudes, Costa Rica.
Our attention was first called to this plant by Dr. Maxon, who obtained specimens
from Mr. Alfredo Brade in 1906; these bloomed in June 1911, but good flowers were not
obtained. In 1913 Ot6n Jiménez sent specimens to Dr. Rose which flowered in 1918.
The flowers open in the night and are closed on the following morning. The branches
of wild plants bear clusters of spines at the areole, but our cultivated plants are spineless
and in the vegetative state resemble those of a turgid Epiphyllum. When the plant sent
by Mr. Jiménez from Costa Rica (No. 905) flowered in 1921 seven flower-buds were pro-
duced from the seven uppermost areoles.
Illustration: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 83.
Plate xx is from a photograph of a plant sent to Washington by Otén Jiménez in
1913, which flowered in May 1921.
8. NOPALXOCHIA gen. nov.
A flat-jointed, spineless epiphytic cactus; joints crenate, the rather large, short-funnelform, rose or
red flowers, solitary at lateral marginal areoles; flower-tube about as long as limb, bearing several
narrow scales; outer perianth-segments short, acute, reflexed or spreading; inner spreading or con-
nivent, acute; stamens numerous.
Type species: Cactus phyllanthoides De Candolle.
A monotypic Mexican genus, the name taken from the Aztec of Hernandez.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XX
Eccremocactus bradei, from Costa Rica.
NOPALXOCHIA. 205
1. Nopalxochia phyllanthoides (De Candolle).
Cactus phyllanthoides De Candolle, Cat. Hort. Monsp. 84. 1813.
Cactus speciosus Bonpland, Descr. Pl. Rar. Malm. 8. 1813. Not Cavanilles, 1803.
Epiphyllum speciosum Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Succ. 84. 1819.
Cactus elegans Link, Enum. 2: 25. 1822.
Epiphyllum phyllanthoides Sweet, Hort. Brit. 172. 1826.
Cereus phyllanthoides De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 469. 1828.
Phyllocactus phyllanthoides Link, Handb. Gewachs. 2: 11. 1831.
Opuntia speciosa Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 2: 222. 1841.
Stems somewhat woody, branching, the branches terete at base, flattened and thin above,
sometimes 5 cm. broad, green; margin of branches coarsely crenate; flowers diurnal, the tube 2
cm. long; inner perianth-segments oblong, more or less spreading; filaments and style elongated,
_slender; stigma-lobes 5 to 7.
Type locality: Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico or Colombia, but
known only from cultivated plants.
The distribution of this species is assigned
to Mexico, but both Edwards and Sims state
definitely that it was first observed by Hum-
boldt and Bonpland near the village of Tur-
baco, which is a few leagues south of Carta-
gena, Colombia. From seeds collected at that
time, plants were grown in the garden of La
Malmaison; one of these flowered in 1811 and
was described and illustrated as Cactus spect-
osus in 1813.
This is one of the oldest known species
of cacti; it was figured by Hernandez in 1651
and by Plukenetin 1691. It has long been in
cultivation, perhaps in prehistoric times.
It is often hybridized with other species.
The following hybrids with it are given:
Phyllocactus phyllanthoides albiflorus, striatus,
striatus multiflorus.
Salm-Dyck (Hort. Dyck. 65. 1834) lists
four varieties as follows: Cereus phyllanthoides
curtisi, C. phyllanthoides guillardiert, C. phyl-
lanthoides jenkinsoniu, and C. phyllanthoides
vandesit. Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 124. 1837) BiG» Aeye—Nigzaibeine) joby/lleeG revels
also mentions Cereus phyllanthoides albiflorus..
Epiphyllum vandesii Don (Gen. Hist. D’chl. Pl. 3: 170. 1834) is a hybrid produced
by placing the pollen of Epiphyllum phyllanthoides on the stigmas of Heliocereus elegantis-
simus.
Illustrations: Plukenet, Phyt. pl. 247, f. 5, as Phillanthos; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. 413. f.
6902; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 46: pl. 2092, as Cactus phyllanthoides; Schumann, Gesamtb.
Kakteen 217. f. 42; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 87; Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 28: f. 39;
Gartenwelt 4: 560; 5: 6 and pl. facing 6; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: f. 24; Mollers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 11: 61; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 13, 52, 54, as Phyllocactus
phyllanthoides; Bonpland, Descr. Pl. Rar. pl. 3; Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 4: pl. 304; Herb.
Génér. Amat. 4: pl. 244, as Cactus speciosus; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 2. 1202. f. 17367,
as Epiphyllum speciosum; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 17, as Cereus phyllanthoides
var. stricta; Ann. Inst. Roy. Hort. Fromont 2: pl. 1, f. E, as E. phyllanthoides; Hort.
Ripul. pl. 10; Van Géel, Sert. Bot. pl. 111, as Cactus alatus.
Figure 207 is a reproduction of Bonpland’s illustration as Cactus spectosus.
206 THE CACTACEAE.
9. WITTIA Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 117. 1903.
Epiphytic, branching cacti, pendent from trees and rocks; joints elongated, flattened or some-
what thickened, spineless, the margins more or less crenate; flowers small for this group, not
fugacious, with a definite tube, much longer than limb; perianth-segments short, erect; style (so
far as known) slender, white, a little exserted; fruit small, berry-like.
Type species: Wittta amazonica Schumann.
In vegetative characters this genus is similar to some of the Rhipsalidanae, but the
flower has a tube longer than the limb.
The genus is named for N. H. Witt, who made valuable collections in Brazil.
We recognize two species, natives of Panama and northern South America.
1. W. amazonica
2. W. panamensis
KEY TO SPECIES.
Fruit roughened by small tubercles..............:....:.........
Pint Str OO biopsy ee ceceer epee eae ER corey A Rese as a le Ac U2 RU a a ane eS ean
Fic. 208.—Wittia amazonica.
1. Wittia amazonica Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 117. 1903.
Branches flattened except at base, 15 to 40 cm. long, 4.5 to 9 em. broad, often with constrictions,
cuneate at base, coarsely crenate, obtuse or acute at apex; flowers 2.5 cm. long; perianth wine-
colored, 2 cm. long, cylindric, somewhat curved; perianth-segments ro, erect, in 2 seties; stamens
included, in 2 series; style 18 mm. long; stigma-lobes 5; ovary strongly tuberculate; scales on
ovary 3-angled; fruit 12 to 17 mm. long, deeply umbilicate at apex.
Type locality: Near Laeticia and Tarapoto, Peru.
Distribution: Northeastern Peru, not far from the Brazilian border.
We know the plant from description and illustration only.
Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 119.
Figure 208 is reproduced from the illustration cited above.
WITTIA. 207
2. Wittia panamensis Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 241. 1913.
Branches much flattened, up to 1 meter long, 4 to 7 cm. wide, low-crenate; flowers sometimes
I5 or more on a branch but solitary at areoles on upper half of joint, purple, becoming straight,
2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 5-angled, stiff; outer perianth-segments 10, in 2 series, equal, obtuse; outermost
ones angled on back; inner perianth-segments 5, similar to outer but thinner, not angled or only
slightly so, a little longer, all erect; innermost segments ro or 11, thinner, paler, and much smaller
than outer, apiculate, sometimes toothed above; tube proper 5 to 6 mm. long, the throat 10 mm.
long; stamens many, in 2 series, one on base of throat on long filaments, one on top of throat on
short filaments, all included; stigma-lobes 4, white, but remaining in a close cluster, the top exserted
beyond perianth-segments; ovary globular, purple, bearing a few scarious scales.
Type locality: Mountains above Chepo, Panama.
Distribution: Panama, Colombia, and perhaps Venezuela.
Mr. Henri Pittier has collected in Venezuela a plant which is closely related to this
species (No. 7656).
Illustrations: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 73; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 145: pl. 8799.
Figure 209, shown below, is from a photograph showing the plant collected by
Mr. Pittier in 1912 which afterwards flowered in Washington.
208 THE CACTACEAE.
Subtribe 8. RHIPSALIDANAE.
Mostly epiphytic cacti, generally growing on trees but sometimes clambering over rocks or
pendent from them, much branched; branches alternate or often in whorls, slender, terete, angled or
flat and thin, spineless, except in Pfeiffera and Acanthorhipsalis; flowers regular, mostly small, rotate,
and without any tube or with a very short tube; stamens usually few, attached to disk or near base
of flower-tube; style usually short; fruit a small juicy berry, white, red, or purple; seeds minute.
We have placed this subtribe at the end of our monograph because it appears to us
to represent the most extreme differentiation within the family. It is indeed difficult to
explain to most people that its species are really cacti.
We recognize eight closely related genera.
Key TO GENERA.
Flowers with a short definite tube.
IPOINtS LETELS RSA Noe aa eal aaa tees tonal opiate laaeten arctane ants. ahztereasreievehorsnevar Shei feaetoveirere oboer sits 1. Erythrorhipsalts (p. 208)
Joints flattened, ribbed, or angled.
Jointstandehowers+ terminals scp ysis oc os eae rs enero ieee eine 2. Rhipsalidopsis (p. 209)
Joints and flowers normally lateral.
Joints with spiny areoles; ovary and fruit with areoles subtended by scales.
oimts ribbed iniuit-areolesispinyemeneeee ed eee eel eeteiee e 3. Pfeiffera (p. 210)
Joints flattened or 3-winged; fruit-areoles not spiny................. 4. Acanthorhipsalis(p.211)
Joints not spiny; fruit mostly without areoles.
Upper joints normally flattened; areoles not pilose ................. 5. Pseudorhipsalis (p. 213)
Upper joints flattened or 3-angled; areoles long-pilose............... 6. Lepismium (p. 215)
Flowers without tube.
Petals erect; ends of same joint unlike; flowers and branches always terminal....... 7. Hatiora (p. 216)
Petals usually widely spreading; ends of same joint usually similar; flowers and
brancheslateralvorstermrial paper eee eee earn 8. Rhipsalis (p. 219)
1. ERYTHRORHIPSALIS Berger, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 4. 1920.
Epiphytic, with slender terete stem and branches, often pendent; branches dichotomous or
sometimes in whorls of 3 to 6; areoles scattered, small, all bearing several bristles; flowers terminal,
regular, diurnal, white to rose-colored with a short but definite tube; ovary and fruit bristly, the
latter red; seeds much larger than in Rhzpsalis.
Type species: Rhipsalis pilocarpa Lofgren.
The generic name is from épv@pés red, and Rhipsalis, referring to the red fruit and
to the resemblance of this genus to RKhipsalis. Only one species is known.
The genus resembles in habit some of the species of Khipsalis with round stems but
has a distinct flower-tube, on the top of which the stamens are borne. It also differs from
Rhipsalis in having a long exserted style, exserted even in the bud; in its slowly opening
flower (requiring several days to expand); in its very fragrant flower; in having its ovary
and fruit bearing areoles, each with a cluster of bristles; and in its larger seeds.
Lofgren, when he described Rhipsalis pilocarpa, was inclined to think that it might
belong to Pfeiffera. In his latest treatment of it (Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 68)
he referred it and Pfeiffera ianthothele to Rhipsalis under the subgenus Pfezffera.
At the place cited above, Berger proposed that Rhipsalis pilocarpa should be regarded
as a new subgenus of Rhipsalis but at the same time he incidentally made it the type of a
new genus. Mr. Berger, who has written most interestingly of it, says in part:
“Tn 1903, Lofgren made known Rhipsalis pilocarpa (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 52 to 57)
which formerly had a fairly wide distribution in our collections. I received it from various sources,
the finest specimens coming from the Botanic Garden in Bremen, from which place it was sent for
naming. The plant grew well in my hothouse but appeared to prefer it cooler and sunnier. The
habit picture in the Monatsschrift, above cited, is not exactly right. The plant is striking because
of its beautiful bristles; it is very odd. In general it does not differ from the rest of the species of
Rhipsalis. Because of its beautiful bristles one is persuaded to put it into Ophiorhipsalis. Meantime
the habit, the flowers, and the fruit show themselves to be a fundamental obstacle.
“Tn all the species of Rhipsalis which I have had experience with, the ovary and later the fruit
are entirely naked; at the most there is at times a little scale. In these plants, however, the ovaries,
which in form remind one of those of Cereus, bear a mass of small tubercles with little scales, in whose
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE Xxl
M. E. Eaton del. AHoens Co. Baltimore.
1. Fruiting branch of Riipsalis grandiflora. 4. Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhifsalis lindbergiana.
2. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis lindbergiana. Flowering plant of Erythrorhipsalis pilocarpa.
3. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis shaferi. 6. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis grandiflora.
n
jean,
, 5 ~
fghale' in
Su
RHIPSALIDOPSIS. 209
axils are a large number of projecting white bristles. Still more different is the fruit, which Lofgren
did not know. It is striking because of its size, about 10 to 12 mm. by 10 to 12 mm., and while the
rest of the Rhipsalis fruits in size, form, and color resemble mistletoe berries or are rarely yellow
or pale rose, these are strongly wine-red and beset with numerous bristles bearing small areoles,
forming a wreath on the umbilicus of the fruit, like Cereus and especially Opuntia, only the bristles
are white and not pricking. In cross-sections the fruit is also red but has a watery sap and a larger
number of seeds, coiled on the placenta in the middle of the fruit. The seeds are about double the
size of those of Rhipsalis.”
1. Erythrorhipsalis pilocarpa (Lofgren) Berger, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 4. 1920.
Rhipsalis pilocarpa Lofgren, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13:52. 1903.
Stems dark green to purple, at first erect, sometimes 4 dm. long and unbranched, terminated
by 2 to 4 branches in a whorl, the ultimate branches often only 1 cm. long, in time the whole plant
becoming pendent; joints clustered, when withering somewhat angled, tipped by yellow bristles;
areoles filled with long setose hairs or bristles subtended by ovate scarious bracts; flowers at ends
of terminal branches, very fragrant, opening slowly, up to 2 cm. broad; flower-tube 2 mm. long,
reddish on the inside; outer perianth-segments 5 or 6, triangular, rose-colored; inner perianth-
segments 10 to 15, spreading or sometimes recurved, lanceolate, acuminate, 10 mm. long, white or
cream-colored with pinkish tips; stamens numerous, red at bases; ovary with several areoles,
bearing as many as 10 bristles, subtended by small scarious scales and surrounded by purple spots;
style exserted in the bud; stigma-lobes 4 to 8, white, spreading apart the second day after the
appearance of the style and before the stamens appear.
Type locality: Ytu and Ypanema, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Distribution: States of Sdo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Pfeiffera rhipsaloides Lofgren (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 54. 1903) was another
name suggested for this plant when it was first described.
Illustrations: Blihende Kakteen 2: pl. 99; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 55; Rev.
Centr. Sci. Campinas No. 4, opp. 188; Moéllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No.
11, 20; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 1, as RKhipsalis pilocarpa.
Plate xx, figure 5, is of a plant in the New York Botanical Garden which flowered
in April 1919 and was obtained by Dr. Shafer from Dr. Lofgren at Rio de Janeiro in 1917.
2. RHIPSALIDOPSIS gen. nov.
Somewhat shrubby, erect, reclining or pendulous, the joints 3 to 5-angled; branches usually sev-
eral, terminal; areoles small, sometimes bearing setae; flowers terminal, with a broad rotate limb and
a very short tube; stamens erect; style slender; fruit unknown.
Type species: Rhipsalis rosea Lagerheim.
One species is known, native of southern Brazil.
This plant was originally described as Rhipsalis, but
it has a much larger flower and the perianth-segments are
united into a short tube. In habit it resembles some of
the species of Epiphyllanthus but has a regular flower.
We have placed it near Pfeiffera, but we do not believe
that it is close to that genus, for it has a rotate flower and
the flowers and branches are terminal, as in Zygocactus.
The generic name is given on account of its resem-
blance to some of the species of Rhipsalis.
1. Rhipsalidopsis rosea (Lagerheim).
Rhipsalis rosea Lagerheim, Svensk Bot. Tidskr.6:717. 1912.
Branches short, 1 to 3, strongly 4-angled or sometimes 3
or 5-angled, with concave sides; buds red; flowers 3.7 cm. broad,
fragrant; perianth-segments few, rose-colored; stamens 11 mm.
long, rose-colored; style 13 mm. long, rose-colored; stigma-
lobes 3, white, 3 mm. long. Fic. 210.—Rhipsalidopsis rosea.
210 THE CACTACEAE.
Type locality: Woods near Caiguava, state of Parana, Brazil, altitude 1,100 to 1,300
meters.
Distribution: Southern Brazil.
Illustrations: Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 6: pl. 28; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl.
14, 15; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 32: 121, as Rhipsalis rosea.
Figure 210 is reproduced from the first illustration above cited.
3. PFEIFFERA Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 40. 1845.
Epiphytic, with a woody base; branches in wild state hanging, mostly 4-angled, not emitting
aerial roots; spines several, acicular; flowers regular, diurnal, pale yellow to rose-colored (sometimes
described as purple-red), small, the segments united at base into a very short tube; stamens included,
some borne on flower-tube and some on disk; ovary and fruit spiny; seeds black, oblong.
Type species: Cereus ianthothele Monville.
Only one species is known, and this was first described as a Cereus and afterwards
referred to Khipsalis. We agree with the author in regarding it as a distinct genus.
The genus was named for Dr. Ludwig Pfeiffer, a physician by profession and one of
the most distinguished authorities on the Cactaceae. He visited Cuba in 1838-1839. Dr.
Pfeiffer was born July 4, 1805, at Kassel, Germany, and died in 1877.
Fic. 211.—Acanthorhipsalis micrantha.
1. Pfeiffera ianthothele (Monville) Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 944. 1898.
Cereus ianthothele* Monville, Hort. Univ. 1: 218. 1839.
Pfeiffera ceretformis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 41. 1845.
Rhipsalis cereiformis Forster, Handb. Cact. 454. 1846.
Hariota cereiformis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Rhipsalis ianthothele K. Brandegee, Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 4: 1514. 1902.
Stem weak, spreading or pendent, 3 to 6 dm. long, 2 cm. in diameter or less; joints 8 to 12 cm.
long, 3 to 5-ribbed, 10 mm. in diameter, light green, spiny; ribs tuberculate; areoles 10 mm. apart;
spines 6 or 7, 5 to 7 mm. long, yellowish; flowers including the ovary about 15 mm. long; inner
perianth-segments 5, pale yellow to cream-colored, acute, erect or slightly spreading at tip; stamens
numerous, shorter than the perianth-segments, included; style longer than stamens; stigma-lobes
8, linear, spreading; ovary strongly tuberculate, purplish, its areoles bearing white bristly spines;
fruit globose, 12 to 16 mm. in diameter, rose-red, spiny; seeds numerous, black.
* The specific name is sometimes spelled janthothele; it was originally given as zanthothelus.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
PLATE XxIl
A Hoens Co. Baltimore
M. E. Eaton del.
ile
2.
3.
4
_Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhipsalis jamaicensis.
Flowering branch of Pfeifera tanthothele. 5. Flowering branch of Pseudorhipsalis alata.
Flowering and fruiting branch of Lepismium cruciforme. 6. Flowering and fruiting branch of Psewdo-
Top of fruiting branch of Pfeiffera zanthothele. rhipsalis himantoclada.
7. Flowering branch of Pfeiffera ianthothele.
ACANTHORHIPSALIS. 211
Type locality: Montevideo is cited in the original description, but this must be wrong.
Distribution: Northwestern Argentina, especially in the states of Salta, Tucuman,
and Catamarca.
Illustrations: Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: 45, B; Palmer, Cult. Cact. 191; Forster,
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 895. f. 122; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 9; Garten-Zeitung
4: 182. f. 42, No. 10, as Pfeiffera cereiformis; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 611. f. 97,
A, B; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 152.
Plate xxu1, figures 1 and 7, shows flowering branches from a plant collected by Dr.
Shafer in Argentina in 1917 (No. 71), which flowered in April 1919; figure 3 shows the
mature fruit.
4. ACANTHORHIPSALIS (Schumann) gen. nov.
Small branching cacti, more or less epiphytic, growing on forest trees or creeping over rocks;
joints flattened or sometimes 3-winged, short or elongated, their margins crenate or serrate; areoles
spiny; flowers solitary from lateral areoles; perianth-segments united into a short tube; ovary
bearing on its surface small scales with tufts of felt in their axils, at least in typical species; seeds
small, black, narrowed at base.
The type is Cereus micranthus Vaupel and to this genus we have also referred two
little-known species of Rhipsalis, both of which have flattened joints and spiny areoles. In
their habit and armament they resemble Acanthorhipsalis micrantha more than they do the
true species of Kiipsalis. The plants are native of Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina.
Key TO SPECIES.
Joints crenate.
Joints about 2 cm. broad; spines 5 to 15 mm. long.. BE iicade 1. A. micrantha
Joints genet ys to 6 cm. broad; spines 4 mm. long or r less. . Pe ORS CMG SAORI ON ae BARA LOL)
Joints serrate. ese AareratepeRatchell helen opt Sal aller sist at rae ona eh OG KEE Clare) Set Se Re CHR Waa rote RIS ne Rab ON GCCILE BE:
1. Acanthorhipsalis micrantha (Vaupel).
Cereus micranthus Vaupel, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 50: Beibl. 111: 19. 1913.
Stems much branched; joints 2 or 3-winged, about 2 dm. long and 2 cm. broad, yellowish
green, at least when dry; areoles 6 to 10 mm. apart; spines 3 to 10, 5 to 15 mm. long, brown to
blackish, straight or a little curved; flower, including the ovary, 22 mm. long.
Fic. 212.—Acanthorhipsalis crenata.
Type locality: Sandia, southeastern Peru, altitude 2,100 meters.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
This plant was described by Dr. Vaupel as a species of Cereus, but as he writes us
under date of October 20, 1920, it is of course not a Cereus in the stricter sense, but is more
212 THE CACTACEAE.
nearly related to Rhipsalis. This view was taken by Schumann, who had labeled it
Rhipsalis peruviana Schumann (Vaupel, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 50: Beibl. 111: 19. 1913).
The plant was collected by A. Weberbauer July 31, 1902 (No. 1353); a fragment of
the type, which is in the Berlin Herbarium, was sent us by Dr. Vaupel in 1920.
Figure 211 is from a photograph of a part of the type specimen now in the National
Herbarium at Washington.
2. Acanthorhipsalis crenata (Britton).
Hariota crenaia* Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 35. 1891.
Branches lateral, narrowly oblong, very flat, obtuse, 20 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. broad,
strongly crenate, with a stout central axis; areoles between crenations rather large, filled with
wool and bearing 3 to 8 spines, these 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers red, lateral, small; berry 7 mm. in
diameter.
Type locality: Yungas, Bolivia.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
When first described, this species was thought to be nearest the Brazilian Rhipsalis
platycarpa, which it resembles, but that species has no spines.
Figure 212 is from a photograph of Dr. Rusby’s herbarium specimen (No. 2047).
yee
Fic. 213.—Acanthorhipsalis monacantha.
3. Acanthorhipsalis monacantha (Grisebach).
Rhipsalis monacaniha Grisebach, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 24: 140. 1879.
Hartiota monacantha Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Epiphytic, branching; branches flat and thin, linear-oblong, 2 cm. broad, sometimes 8 dm.
long, obtuse, cuneate at base; serrate (acuminate says Schumann, but figured by him as obtuse);
areoles white-felted and spiny, spines 1 to 6, but usually only 1 or 2, 5 to 10 mm. long, yellow;
flowers solitary at the areoles, lateral, white, 1 cm. long; fruit globular, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter,
white; seeds blackish, pitted, obovoid.
Type locality: Oran, near San Andrés, Argentina.
Distribution: Northern Argentina.
* This name is printed H. cinerea in the Index Kewensis.
PSEUDORHIPSALIS. 213
Tllustration: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 633. f. 98, H, as Rhipsalis monacantha.
Figure 213 is from a photograph of a herbarium specimen collected at Calilegua,
Jujuy, Argentina, by J. A. Shafer in 1917 (No. 56).
5. PSEUDORHIPSALIS gen. nov.
Epiphytic, much branched, and elongated cacti, at first erect, but soon prostrate or hanging;
branches flattened, rather thin, serrate or crenate; flowers numerous, borne solitary at the lateral
areoles, narrowly campanulate; segments united into a short but definite tube; ovary and fruit
globular, bearing several scales; seeds black.
‘Two species are here included, of which Cactus alatus Swartz is made the generic type.
These plants in their habit and branches resemble certain species of Khipsalis, especially
R. ramulosa and its relatives, but differ from all the species of Rhipsalis in having united
perianth-segments and more scaly ovary and fruit.
KeEy TO Scere
Ovary and outer perianth-segments reddish. : : cdocccedecacsgones la Iho lanolin
Ovary and outer perianth-segments greenish | or yr yellowish green. Tene Acad teats Oconee eke P. alata
1. Pseudorhipsalis himantoclada (Roland-Gosselin).
Rhipsalis himantoclada Roland-Gosselin, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 694. 1908.
Wittia costaricensis Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 261. 1913.
Fic. 214.—Pseudorhipsalis himantoclada.
Stems 4 to 5 dm. long, erect or curved, flat, 1 to 3 em. broad, with horizontal branches narrowed
at base, pointed, the margin low-serrate; areoles 12 to 15 mm. apart; ovary, tube, and sepals purplish;
ovary 3 mm. long, bearing a few very short scales; tube of flower about 8 mm. long; inner perianth-
segments white, obtuse, spreading; stamens erect; style white; stigma-lobes 4.
Type locality: Pozo Azul, Costa Rica.
Distribution: Costa Rica.
We are told by Mr. Ot6n Jiménez that Mr. Wercklé, who first collected the plant,
would refer Wzttia costaricensis here. He states also that it is very luxuriant and when
growing wild becomes so large that one man can not carry a single plant.
Illustration: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 82, as Wuttia costaricensis.
Plate xxu, figure 6, shows a flowering branch collected by Wercklé in 1907 which
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, December 20, 1911. Figure 214 is from a
photograph of a terminal branch; figure 215 shows a flowering branch; figure 216 shows a
flower cut longitudinally.
2. Pseudorhipsalis alata (Swartz).
Cactus alatus Swartz, Prodr. 77. 1788.
Cereus alatus De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 470. 1828. ¥
Epiphyllum alatum Haworth, Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829. Not Haworth, 1819.
Rhipsalis swartziana Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 131. 1837.
Hariota swartziana Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 75. 18390
Rhipsalis alata Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 288. 1890.
Hariota alata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Rhipsalis harrisitt Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 180. 1809.
214 THE CACTACEAE.
Pendent from trees and rocks, up to 5 meters long, branched; joints broadly linear to lanceolate
ot linear-oblong, 2 to 4 dm. long, 3 to 6 cm. broad, obtuse, the margin crenate-undulate; flowers
yellowish white, 15 mm. long; flower-tube 4 mm. long; perianth-segments to, lanceolate, acute;
stamens numerous, about half as long as perianth; style slender; stigma-lobes 5; ovary somewhat
tubercled, bearing several broad scales; fruit ovoid, 1 cm. long, yellowish green; seeds obovate,
black, bearing depressed tubercles; hilum oblique.
Type locality: Jamaica.
Distribution: Mountains of Jamaica.
This plant has usually passed as a Riipsalis, but its definite flower-tube and somewhat
tubercled and scaly ovary exclude it from that genus. This species has long been known in
Jamaica; it was mentioned by Sloane as a spineless Opuntia and it is also referred to by
Patrick Browne.
Fics. 215 and 216.—Top of flowering branch and
longitudinal section of flower of Pseudorhipsalis
himantoclada. X2. -
Fics. 217 and 218.—Section of flower and flowering
branch of Pseudorhipsalis alata. 0.66.
217 218
Cactus dentatus Ruiz (Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: 288. 1890) was given as a synonym of
Rhipsalis alata by Schumann, but better referred to R. ramulosa (see page 241).
Cereus alatus crassior Salm-Dyck (Hort. Dyck. 66. 1834) is only a name, which may
or may not refer to the Jamaican plant.
Illustration: Torreya 9: 157. f. 2, as Rhipsalis alata.
Plate xxu, figure 5, shows a plant collected by Dr. Britton in Jamaica in 1907,
which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, November 8, 1912. Figure 218 shows
a flowering branch (natural size); figure 217 shows half of a flower with tube, perianth-
segments, and stamens.
LEPISMIUM. 215
6. LEPISMIUM Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 315, 380. 1835.
Saxicolous or epiphytic cacti, usually much branched and elongated, the branches flat, angled
or 3-winged, the margins strongly crenate; areoles in the crenations producing a tuft of long white
hairs; flowers 1 to 5 at an areole, white to pinkish; perianth-segments united at base into a short
tube; filaments slender, adnate to flower-tube; stigma-lobes 4 or 5; fruit globose, smooth, turgid,
purple; seeds minute; cotyledons broad, acuminate.
Type species: Lepismium commune Pfeiffer.
We recognize but one species, which has been described under many names. The
generic name is from \emis, a scale, referring to the small scales subtending the areole.
1. Lepismium cruciforme (Vellozo) Miquel, Bull. Neerl. 49. 1838.
Cactus cructformis Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 207. 1825.
Cereus tenuispinus Haworth, Phil. Mag. 1: 125. 1827.
Cereus myosurus Salm-Dyck in De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 469. 1828.
Cereus tenuis De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 469. 1828.
Cereus squamulosus Salm-Dyck in De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 469. 1828.
Cereus setosus Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 19: pl. 1887. 1832.
Lepismium tenue Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 315. 1835.
Lepismium commune Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 315. 1835.
Lepismium knightw Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 380. 1835.
Lepismium myosurus Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 139. 1837.
Cereus cruciformis Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 333. 1840.
Rhipsalis myosurus Forster, Handb. Cact. 455. 1846.
Rhipsalis mittlert Forster, Handb. Cact. 455. 1846.
Rhipsalis knightit Forster, Handb. Cact. 456. 1846.
Lepismium myosurus knightit Salm-Dyck in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 445. 1853.
Lepismium myosurus laevigatum Salm-Dyck in Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 446. 1853.
Lepismium radicans Vochting, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. Leipzig 9: 399. 1873.
Lepismium cavernosum Lindberg, Gartenflora 39: 151. 1890.
Rhipsalis brevibarbis Schumann in Martius, FI. Bras. 42: 268. 1890.
Rhipsalis squamulosa Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 280. 1890.
Rhipsalis macropogon Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 4?: 282. 1890.
Hariota cruciformis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Hariota squamulosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Hariota knightit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Hariota knightit tenuispinis Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Rhipsalis anceps Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 427. 1892.
Rhipsalis cavernosa Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 24. 1893.
Rhipsalis radicans Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 1047. 1898.
Rhipsalis radicans anceps Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 1047. 1898.
Rhipsalis radicans ensiformis Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 1047. 1808.
Lepismium cavernosum ensiforme Weber in Roland-Gosselin, Rey. Hort. 70: 108. 1899.
Usually creeping over rocks, freely rooting, appressed, somewhat branching; branches foliaceous,
usually flat, sometimes 3, 4, or even 5-angled, linear-lanceolate, 2 cm. broad, narrowed at base,
more or less purplish, especially on edges; margins somewhat repand; areoles sunken in margins;
flowers white, 2 to 5 or even more from an areole, 12 to 13 mm. long; fruit globular, juicy, purplish
to red, translucent, 6 to 12 mm. in diameter; seeds light brown to black, 1.8 mm. long.
Type locality: Coast of Brazil.
Distribution: States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes, Brazil.
Rhipsalis radicans rosea Weber (Dict. Hort. Bois 1047. 1898) has small rose-colored
flowers which, according to Weber, resemble those of R. myosurus.
Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 649. 1898) gives Lepismium anceps Weber (in Hort.
Paris) as a synonym for Rhipsalis anceps. Here belongs also R. ensiformis Weber (Dict.
Hort. Bois 1047. 1898).
Some of the plants now in cultivation are not so broadly winged as is shown in the
illustration in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine referred to below. This illustration was based
upon specimens which were supposed to have come from Prince de Salm-Dyck and, there-
fore, presumably are typical.
Cereus knightii Parmentier (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 139. 1837) is given as a synonym of
Lepismium knightit.
Cactus tenuis Schott (De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 469. 1828) was cited as a synonym of
Cereus tenuis.
216 THE CACTACEAE.
Schumann cited Lepismium muitileri as a synonym of Rhipsalis squamulosa, referring
it to Férster (Handb. Cact. 455. 1846), but the plant is there described as Rhipsalis mittlert.
Cereus elegans Hortus appeared first (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 138. 1837) as a synonym
of Lepismium commune, while the Index Kewensis refers it to Rhipsalis mittlert.
Cereus myosurus tenuior Salm-Dyck (Hort. Dyck. 65. 1834) is only a name.
Lepismium cavernosum minus Lindberg is a name mentioned by Roland-Gosselin
(Rev. Hort. 70: 108. 1899).
Lepismium dupret, the name mentioned by Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. at.
1845) and by Forster (Handb. Cact. 456. 1846) as in the collections at Paris, was never
described.
Lepismium laevigatum Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 41. 1845) is without
description, nor do we find it listed in the Index Kewensis.
Illustrations: Fl. Flum. 5: pl. 29, as Cactus cruciformis; Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 19: pl.
1887; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 2. 1202. f. 17365, as Cereus setosus; Palmer, Cult. Cact. 195,
as Lepismium; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 66: pl. 3755; Garten-Zeitung 4: 182. f. 42, No. 3; Loudon’s
Encycel. Pl. ed. 3. 1380. f. 19411, as Lepismium myosurum; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 41, as
L. knight; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: pl. 7, f. 1; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 66: pl.
3763; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 898. f. 123 (in error 103); Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1380.
f. 19412; Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19): pl. 16, f. 12, as L. commune; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1:
pl. 2, f. 3, 4, as L. radicans (seedling); Gartenwelt 16: 633; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen
f. 98, C, D, as Rihipsalis cavernosa; Gartenflora 39:1. 38, as Lepismium cavernosum; Martius,
Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 55, f. 2, as Rhipsalis macropogon; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl.
25, as Riupsalis radicans; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 24, as R. myosura; Mollers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 19, as R. squamulosa; Rev. Hort. 85: f. 152, as R.
anceps.
Plate xxi, figure 2, shows the plant obtained by Dr. Rose in Brazil in 1915 which
flowered November 18 of that year.
LEPISMIUM RAMOSISSIMUM Lemaire in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 899. 1885.
Rhipsalis ramosissima Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 42: 299. 1890.
Hariota ramosissima Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
This is a very uncertain species which we know only from descriptions. It is from
Brazil.
7. HATIORA Britton and Rose, Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 3: 1432. 1915.
Hariota De Candolle, Mém. Cact. 23. 1834. Not Adanson, 1763.
Unarmed, slender, branched cacti; branches terete, short, arising in 2’s or 3's from tops of
older ones, smooth, leafless and spineless,* bearing several small areoles along their sides and each
a large, woolly, terminal one from which the flower and succeeding branches arise; sepals usually
in 2 series, outer ones broader and short, inner ones larger and more petal-like; petals distinct,
narrowed toward base; stamens distinct, erect; borne on disk; stigma-lobes 4 or 5, erect or a little
spreading, white; ovary globular, naked or nearly so.
Type species: Rhipsalis salicornioides Haworth.
Some six or seven species have been described; we recognize three.
The genus Hariota was named for Thomas Hariot, a botanist of the 16th century,
Hatiora being an anagram. It is closely related to Rhipsalis, with which it is often united.
The flowers open only in bright sunlight and are rotate or nearly so. In the United
States the plants flower under glass, usually in the winter from December to February,
but sometimes as late as April.
*Sometimes peculiar lateral branches are produced which are made up of short, rounded joints with numerous
areoles bearing several bristles or hairy spines. See illustrations of Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 97, D) and
Loddiges (Bot. Cab. 4: 369). In cases which we have observed these occur on stunted or starved plants, the areoles
arranged in 6 rows forming low angles on the branchlets.
HATIORA. 217
KEY TO SPECIES.
Tower, part of joints slender, pedicel-like..-.....--..2.. 22.5.0 .5...2-- 000. -- 0s
Joints only slightly narrowed below or not narrowed. A
errotts CENA 6 ad been ho aoe H ea Sue OulAd Ome nie a Big baeioll oppo amolce Ss Goo aa vin a maate om 2. H. bambusoides
HOTS GANGS. ceovowne sane sce oaoo th Goce eRasOoSUOOdU OUND. uoSO GOD NE oes o nanos 3. H. cylindrica
. 1. H. salicornioides
1. Hatiora salicornioides (Haworth) Britton and Rose, Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 3: 1433. 1915.
Rhipsalis salicornoides Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Succ. 83. 1819.
Cactus salicornioides* Link and Otto, Icon. Pl. Select. 49. 1822.
Cactus lyratus Vellozo, Fl. Flum. ed. 2. 4: 205. 1825.
Hariota salicornioides De Candolle, Mém. Cact. 23. 1834.
Rhipsalis salicornioides strictior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 230. 1850.
Hariota salicornioides strictior Giirke, Bltthende Kakteen 2: under pl. 95. 1907.
Stems 1 to 2 meters long with a jointed cylindric trunk; branchlets club-shaped, the lower part
very slender and pedicel-like, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, green or purplish; areoles of cultivated specimens
without setae; flowers 8 to 10 mm. long,
salmon-colored, the outer sepals short
and obtuse; inner petals somewhat cre-
nate, obtuse; filaments yellowish, at top
appressed against style, shorter than
petals; style yellowish; stigma-lobes 4 or
5, white.
Type locality: Recorded origi-
nally from the West Indies in error.
Distribution: Southeast Brazil.
These plants grow quite differ-
ently in the woods from the way they
do in greenhouses. The following
note was made by Dr. Rose in 1915
while collecting at Rio de Janeiro:
The plant grows on trunks of trees,
its roots long and fibrous, 4 dm. long or
more and wrapped about the trunk of
the tree; at first it is erect, then spreading : iesatpsihe
and finally pendent; it is then a meter Fic. 219.—Unusual form of Hatiora salicornioides. XX 0.8.
long or more and very much branched;
main stem and branches 5 to 10 mm. in diameter, made up of short terete joints (2 to 5 cm. long);
branches in whorls of 2 to 6.
A very remarkable form, if not a distinct species, was obtained by Dr. Rose in the
forest of Itatiaya, altitude 1,200 meters, in July 1915 (No. 20585). The terminal joints
are 1 to 2 cm. long, the lower half slender, pedicel-like, the upper half twisted and contorted.
This is well shown in our illustration (figure 219).
Rhipsalis salacornioides gracilior (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 40. 1845; Hart-
ota salicornioides gracilior Giirke, Blithende Kakteen. 2: under pl. 95. 1907) is only a name.
The following varieties of Rhipsalis salicornioides of Weber are probably to be referred
here: var. gracilis Weber (Dict. Hort. Bois 1048. 1898; Rhipsalis gracilis Weber and
Hariota gracilis Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 1048. 1898) and var. stricta Weber (Dict. Hort.
Bois 1048. 1898; Khipsalis stricta Cels, Dict. Hort. Bois 1048. 1898). The name Rhipsalis
stricta seems never to have been published. Weber cited it as above, referring it to Cels as
the author. Schumann uses the name earlier where he states that it was used in France
tor Hariota salicornioides (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 74. 1894). Pfeiffer refers here as a
synonym Opuntia salicornioides (Enum. Cact. 141. 1837), attributing the name to Sprengel,
who, however, used it as Cactus (Opuntia) salicornioides. Hariota sticta has been used
(Monatssch. Kakteenk. 5: 22. 1895). The variety ramosior Salm-Dyck (Pfeiffer, Enum.
Cact. 142. 1837) may or may not belong to this species.
* This name is often credited to Sprengel (Syst. 2: 497. 1825).
218 THE CACTACEAE.
Rhipsalis schottmuellert Hortus is given by Schelle (Handb. Kakteenk. 227. 1907) as
a synonym of Hariota salicornioides schottmuellert, an unpublished variety.
Hariota villigera (Schumann in Martius, FI. Bras. 47: 265. 1890; Rhipsalis salicorni-
oides villigera Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 85. 1915) we know from descrip-
tion only; it seems to be stouter than salicornioides but may belong here. It was based on
Sellow’s specimen from Sao Paulo, but its flowers are unknown.
Illustrations: Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 4: pl. 369; Cact. Journ. 1: 180; Curtis’s Bot. Mag.
51: pl. 2461; Blanc, Cacti 90. No. 1013; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1: 122; Gard. Chron. II. 6:
731. f. 134; Amer. Gard. 11: 463; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: pl. 4, f. 5, 6; Méllers Deutsche
Girt. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 17; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 12; Gartenwelt 13:
117, as Rhipsalis salicornioides; Link and Otto, Icon. Pl. Select. pl. 21, as Cactus salicornt-
oides; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 97, C, D; Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 52; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 5: 23; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 227. f. 148, as Hariota salicornioides; Rev.
Hort. 1861: 110. f. 23, as Rhipsalis salicorne; Fl. Flum. 5: pl. 21, as Cactus lyratus.
Plate xxl, figure 4, shows a plant in the New York Botanical Garden which
flowered February 2, 1912. Figure 219 shows a peculiar form collected by Dr. Rose in
Brazil in 1915.
Fic. 220.—Hatiora bambusoides.
2. Hatiora bambusoides (Weber).
Rhipsalis salicornioides bambusoides Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 429. 1892.
Hariota salicornioides bambusoides Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 613. 1898.
Rhipsalis bambusoides Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 41. 1918.
Stems becoming 2 meters high and stouter than those of H. salicornioides; joints clavate, 3 to
5 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter at the top; flowers orange; sepals obtuse; petals usually erect but
sometimes spreading.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV : PLATE XXIII
AHoens Co, Baltimore,
M. E. Eaton del.
1. Flowering branch of Hatiora cylindrica. 3. Fruiting branch of Rhzpsalis cribrata.
2. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis heteroclada. 4, Flowering branch of Hatiora salicorniotdes.
ietce
Aphis
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if Sele ie
at
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wi
ar ie
i va + Aa
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\ ty Ru ih: wa 2! Lh x ne
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RHIPSALIS. 219
Introduced into Jardin des Plantes, Paris, France, from Brazil.
We have not seen this type material, but if plate 95 in the Blithende Kakteen is typical,
our identification is correct. In the description accompanying this plate it is stated that
the drawing was made from a plant sent by Mr. Weber to the Berlin Botanical Garden.
Hariota bambusoides Weber (Dict. Hort. Bois 1048. 1898) was given as a synonym
but was never described.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 95, as Hariota salicornioides bambusoides;
Gartenwelt 13: 117, as Khipsalis salicornioides bambusoides.
Figure 220 is reproduced from the first illustration cited above.
3. Hatiora cylindrica sp. nov.
Forming dense masses one meter in diameter or more; joints cylindric, 3 cm. long or less,
pale green, becoming spotted or finally red throughout; flowers usually solitary, 12 mm. long;
sepals ovate, short, red; petals orange to yellow, oblong, obtuse.
Collected by J. N. Rose in company with Dr. Lofgren and Sefior Porto at Ilha Grande,
Districto Federal, near Rio de Janeiro, July 22 to 24, 1915.
Illustration: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 13, ad Khipsalis bambusoides. ,
Plate xxu1l, figure 1, shows the plant collected by Dr. Rose on Ilha Grande, near Rio
de Janeiro, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, December 18, 1918.
8. RHIPSALIS Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. 1 137. 1788.
*Hariota Adanson, Fam. Pl. 2: 243. 1763.
tCassytha Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768. Not Linnaeus, 1753.
Cacti sometimes growing in humus, but usually epiphytic and hanging from trees, sometimes
erect, sometimes clambering over rocks, more or less rooting or, when hanging, irregularly producing
aérial roots; roots always fibrous; stems usually much branched (often heteromorphic), terete,
angled or much flattened and leaf-like, very slender and thread-like or stout and stiff; leaves wanting
or represented by minute bracts; areoles borne along margin of flat-branched forms, along ribs or
scattered irregularly in other forms, usually small, bearing hairs, wool, bristles, and flowers; flowers
usually solitary, but sometimes several from a single areole, opening night or day and remaining
open for 1 to 8 days, small for the family; perianth-segments distinct, few, sometimes only 5,
usually spreading, sometimes reflexed; filaments few or numerous, erect, slender, borne on outer
margin of disk in one or two rows; style erect; stigma-lobes 3 or more, usually slender, spreading;
ovary small, sometimes depressed or sunken in branch; fruit globular or oblong, sometimes angled
when immature, but finally turgid, juicy, white or colored, usually naked (setose at areoles in 1 or
2 species) or sometimes bearing a few scales; seeds small, few to many.
Type species: Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertner.
The generic name is from piW wicker-work, referring to the slender, pliable branches
of the typical species.
We recognize 57 species, although more than 115 names have been published.
The species range from Florida, Mexico, and the West Indies through continental
America to Argentina; only 2 species are found in Mexico; 1 in Florida; 2 are known in the
West Indies; a very few in northern South America; 3 or 4 only on the west coast of
South America; and 5 or 6in Argentina. The center of distribution is in the states of Rio
de Janeiro, Sado Paulo, and Minas Geraes, in southern Brazil. In the little state of Rio de
Janeiro and chiefly about the city of the same name, Dr. Rose collected 15 species in 1915.
The occurrence of species of Rhipsalis, in the wild state, in tropical Africa and in Ceylon,
forms the only possible exception to the American natural distribution of cacti. Eight
*No species was cited by Adanson for his genus Hariota but it was based on Burmann’s plate of Plumier (pl. 197,
f. 2), which has been identified as Cactus parasiticus Lamarck, not Linnaeus. The type of Cactus parasiticus Linnaeus
is a species of Vanilla, probably V. claviculata Swartz.
{ Miller, in his Gardeners’ Dictionary of 1768, described Rhipsalis cassutha under the name of Cassytha filiformis,
a name which had already been published by Linnaeus for a wholly different plant. Miller’s generic name. Cassytha,
therefore, being a misidentification, should not be treated as a synonym proper of Rhipsalis, although usually so cited.
220 THE CACTACEAE.
supposedly distinct species have been described by authors from tropical Africa, and
R. cassutha has long been known to exist in Ceylon. M. Roland-Gosselin, a diligent
French student of cacti, after an investigation of these Old World plants, published in 1912
a very interesting paper,* giving his conclusion that they are really all American species,
their seeds having been transmitted to the Old World by migratory birds, and he referred
them all to known American species. We have followed him in these reductions but we
have not been able in all cases to study authentic specimens. It raises the interesting
question if the Old World plants should be regarded as native or introduced.
In stem structure some of the species, such as Rhipsalis elliptica, approach very closely
Zygocactus truncatus, while certain forms of Epiphyllanthus are easily mistaken for a Rhipsalis.
As we have treated the genus here, the flowers and fruits are fairly uniform. The stem
structures are various and parallel in a way those of Opuntia, ranging from slender and
terete to broad and thin; in some species they are leaf-like as in Epzphyllum, or 3-angled,
suggesting Hylocereus. The areoles are usually small and bear only a small tuft of wool,
but in some species they bear hairs or bristles. The flowers may open at any time of the
day and in most species do not close at the approach of night; they are not readily affected
by shade or direct sunlight and open but once.
Key TO SPECIES.
A. dole terete, ribbed or angled, none of them flat.
. Joints terete or young ones angled, smooth, or areoles bristly or hairy.
C. Joints short, oblong, not more than 5 times as long as thick; areoles of young
joints with a few long hairs.
Lateral joints simple; flowers lateral. Series 1, Mesembryanthemoides. Mk mR
Lateral joints much branched; flowers terminal. Series2, Cereusculae..... 2.
CC. Joints cylindric, rarely clavate, slender, short or elongated.
D. Flowering areoles small, not very woolly, not depressed.
E. Ultimate jointsslender, about 2.5 mm. thick or less, relatively short.
F. Young joints or some of them angled, their areoles bearing
hairs. Series 3, Prismaticae.
_ mesembryanthemoides
. cereuscula
wa
Species of Brazil or Madagascar..............-..------- 3. R. prismatica
SEES Gi (CONUS awigsos Sogdaccdnepesemoopootssaucs 4. R. simmlert
FF. All joints cylindric to clavate. Series 4, Capzlliformes.
Joimntsiclayates=---o-e- PS EROS Sco EU EEE CO a oR Ge ea
Joints cy lindric.
Ultimate joints up to 2.5 mm. thick; petals9 mm.long.. 6. R. campos-portoana
Ultimate joints about 1.5mm. thick; petals 6mm. long orless.
Plant stiff; areoles red; flowers white................ 7. R. heteroclada
Plant weak; areoles not red.
Flowers greenish white or yellowish, 5 to6mm.wide. 8. R. capilliformis
Flowers white or nearly white, about 8 mm. wide.
Pendent; secondary branches 2 to 3-chotomous..... 9. R. burchellii
Spreading or diffuse; upper branches subverticillate. 10. R. cribrata
EE. Ultimate joints stouter, mostly 3 to 10 mm. thick and elongated.
F. Scale subtending the areoles inconspicuous or none.
G. Ultimate joints 3 to 6 mm. thick. Series 5, Cassuthae.
H. Ultimate joints definitely shorter than others, often
verticillate.
Plan tsiweakespend en taper ee renter ra 11. R. cassutha
Plants stiffer, not strictly eae
Ultimate joints slender. R. virgata
Ultimate joints stout. . R. teres
HH. Ultimate joints not definitely ‘shorter than others, : sim-
ple or dichotomous, rarely verticillate.
I. Areoles without bristles or with spreading bristles.
Petals about 4 mm. long.
Fruit naked
Petal sapinkeaee pein acter eeee niente 14. R. lindbergiana
Petalsywhitemsacceer is sere ea 15. R. shaferz
Fruit with scales and these setose in axils... 16. R. fasciculata
Petals 8 to 12 mm. long.
Flowers purplish red; areoles not bristly.... 17. R. pulchra
Flowers white; areoles somewhat bristly.... 18. R. /umbricoides
* Bull. Soc. Bot. France 59: 97-102. 1912. Translation in Torreya 13: 151-156. 1913.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL.
MY a PLATE XXIV
M. E, Eaton del. AHoen&Co.Baliimare
1. Flowering branch of Rhipsatis leucorhaphis. Fruiting branch of Rhzpsalis pittiert.
2. Fruiting branch of same. Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhipsalis shaferi.
3. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis megalantha. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis aculeata.
4. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis neves-armondit. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis mesembryanthemotdes.
5. Fruiting branch of same. 10. Flowering branch of same.
0 ID
-
wh oe nels i i
ui
ns oi
Vali ait
eo i
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a oe 2p :
1 ein
Est ee
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yk
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RHIPSALIS.
KEY TO SPECIES—continued.
Il. All areoles with appressed bristles
beh OTS 19
GG. Ultimate joints 8 to 12 mm. thick. Series 6, ae ae
Flowers 2 to 2.5 cm. broad. we 20.
Flowers up to 4 cm. broad : 21
FF. Scale subtending the areole white, scarious, appressed, « con-
spicuous. Series oh Leucorhaphes.
Joints 5 to 8 mm. thick; areoles with deciduous bristles... ... Doe
Joints 3 mm. thick; areoles without bristles... Sane 28%
DD. Flowering areoles large, very woolly, depressed. Series 8, Floccosae.
Ultimate joints much shorter than others; verticillate; plants stiff.... 24.
Ultimate joints not much shorter than others: plants weak.
Main branches stout, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter.
Fruit pure white; Venezuelan species. slog.) Se
Fruit red or tinged with red; Brazilian and ‘Argentine species.
Brith pightire degen ces dtle nt ehep eu aucune unde wen arc plilte me 26.
Fruit whitish but when mature tinged with red or purple.
Fruit 5 mm. in diameter; flowers white, becoming yellowish.. 27.
Fruit 8 to 10 mm. in diameter; flowers eed with red, eS
than the last. ous Rat rade Fish
All branches slender, 3 to 6 mm. in diameter.
Flowers white. me . 29.
Petals with red tips. . a0:
BB. Joints ribbed or angled, at least when old.
C. Some joints bristly, others unarmed, ribbed when old. Series 9, Dissimiles.. 31
CC. All joints unarmed, angled or winged.
Joints 5-angled or 5-winged.
Joints 5-winged; wings crenate. Series 10, Pentapterae............... 32.
Joints 5-angled; ribs nearly continuous. Series 11, Sulcatae.......... 33
Joints 3-angled.
Angles of joints continuous, wingless. Series 12, Trigonae............ 34.
Angles of joints interrupted, winged. Series 13, Paradoxae........... 35.
AA. At least some of joints flat, on same plant or on different plants.
B. Joints deeply serrate; flowers nodding. Series 14, Houlletianae................ 36.
BB. Joints repand, entire or crenate; flowers not nodding.
C. Joints linear to linear-lanceolate. Series 15, Lorentzianae.
D. Joints both flat and 3-angled or rarely 4-angled, mostly narrowly linear.
Fruit black.
Joints ro mm. wide or less; fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter.......... Bike
Joints ro to 15 mm. wide; fruit about 10 mm. in diameter......... 38.
Fruit white to reddish.
ointsWlong-acuminates meena ee eee 39.
Joints blunt.
Joints scarcely crenate; Ecuadorean and Peruvian species....... 40
Joints definitely crenate; Costa Rican species......... . 41
DD. All joints flat, linear-lanceolate to oblong.
Joints deeplycrenates thelobessrounded=s see are cece a4 2
Joints repand, low-crenate, or nearly entire.
Joimtsicontaceous; distinctly crenates=.. meee reior cies 43
Joints thin in texture, merely repand or low-crenate.
BoliviamySpeCiesn tris cre sever ache ae eI ee es 44
West Indian and Central American species.
ILANFySr OWNS 2} CIM, WHOS: os,05000000sosadscgoneccoocooDs AG
Joints 0.5 to 2.5 cm. wide.
Perianth-segments 7 to 8 mm. long, greenish white or pinkish 46.
Perianth-segments 5 to 6 mm. long, green................ 47-
CC. Joints elliptic to oblong. Series 16, Crispatae.
Joints thick, coriaceous.
Joints oblong, cuneate at base.
Flowers and fruit usually solitary at areoles........................ 48.
Flowers several at an areole. - 49.
Terminal joints short-oblong to ‘elliptic.
iRoriiiteme dy aciaees Mata tae Nb kara nea ul tite tay 0 Ue at eee hea Oa ee Minar Cg 50.
IRV ABE LEN YUL R Samana ts St nr eae IONE OO GCI en ei Se Ae Arar se 5I.
Joints thin.
Brazilian species.
Joimtsspunplishysreenwobovateyee aay ane pret ein saree 52
Joints bright green or reddish.
Joints reddish green, the margins much crisped................. 53-
Joints bright green, the margins slightly crisped.
Ultimate joints broad, elliptic to obovate. 4 GROANS DON Le
Ultimate joints narrow, oblong to narrowly ‘obovate. BRE ake 55-
Bolivianes PECLES fe iaache yore EAP ae UAE RIE Eee 56.
IMAVAESS DECLESH1O ty OTOU PECL cess per eis mea re tote Raheilere eoe S PeaSOn ee a 57-
A an Awa DD
aa aA
wy
my mw DR DP wR ww WD byob RD
arm Aw
mrp RF
221
. aculeata
. grandiflora
. megalantha
. leucorhaphis
. loefgrenia
. neves-armondit
. pittiert
. pulvinigera
. floccosa
. tucumanensis
. gibberula
. puniceo-discus
. dissimilis
pentaptera
. sulcata
trigona
. paradoxa
. houlletiana
. warmingiana
. gonocarpa
. linearis
. micrantha
tonduzw
. boliviana
. lorentziana
. ramulosa
. purpusir
. coriacea
. jamaicensis
. platycarpa
. russellit
. elliptica
. pachypter.s
. rhombea
. crispimarginata
crispata
oblonga
cuneata
. roseana
B22 THE CACTACEAE.
1. Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides* Haworth, Rev. Pl. Suce. 71. 1821.
Rhipsalis salicornioides * (variety B) Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Succ. 83. 1819.
Hartota mesembrianthemoides t Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Noy. Sp. 74. 1839.
Branches very dissimilar; main branches elongated, slender, terete, more or less setose, often
bearing aérial roots, covered with short stubby branchlets; these sometimes also bearing short
joints, usually less than 1 cm. long, more or less angled, often with short setae from the small
areoles; flower-buds small, pinkish; flowers solitary at areoles of the branchlets, opening in early
morning, rather large, 1.5 cm. broad, white or light pink; petals 5, spreading, acute; stamens about
20, erect, white; style white; stigma-lobes 3, white; fruit short-oblong, 5 mm. long, white or tinged
with red.
Type locality: Not cited where published.
Distribution: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The plant is common in cultivation; in nature it grows in dense masses on trunks of
trees. It first flowered in cultivation in England in 1831. Its short joints have a fancied
resemblance to species of Wesembryanthemum.
A dried specimen of Haworth’s plant is still preserved in London and through the
kindness of N. E. Brown we have a photograph of it.
Rhipsalis echinata was published as a synonym by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 136. 1837).
Illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: 180; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 58: pl. 3078; Schumann, Gesamtb.
Kakteen 633. f. 98, G; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 9; 4:59; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro
I: pl. 11; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: pl. 4, f. 7; Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 20: pl. 1920: Thomas,
Zimmerkultur Kakteen 58.
Plate xxiv, figure 9, shows a fruiting plant obtained by Dr. Rose in Rio de Janeiro
in 1915 (No. 20246); figure 10 shows a flowering plant sent by Alwin Berger in 1908.
2. Rhipsalis cereuscula Haworth, Phil. Mag. 7: 112. 1830.
Hariota saglionis Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. 39. 1838.
Rhipsalis saglionts Otto in Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2:936. 1843.
Rhipsalis brachiata Hooker in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 69: pl. 4039. 1843.
Hariota cereuscula Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Rhipsalis saglionis rubrodiscus Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 80. 1915.
Stems and branches terete; stem slender, usually elongate, often erect, sometimes 6 dm. high,
crowned by a cluster of short branches; upper branches short, 2 to 6 times as long as thick, some-
what angled, the areoles bearing 2 to 4 short bristles; flowers terminal or near the ends of the
branches, 16 mm. broad; petals about 12, spreading, pinkish to white with yellowish midrib; stigma-
lobes 3 or 4; berries white.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Uruguay to central Brazil.
Illustrations: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 69; pl. 4039; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1380. f.
19408, as Rhipsalis brachiata; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2101; Stand. Cycl. Hort.
Bailey 5: f. 3377; Cact. Journ. 1: 180; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 75, as R. saglionts.
Plate xXvUj, figure 3, is of a plant which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in
March 1912. Figure 221 is from a photograph of a flowering plant from Misiones, obtained
by Dr. Rose in 1915 from Dr. Spegazzini.
3. Rhipsalis prismatica Riimpler in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 884. 1885.
Hariota prismatica Lemaire, Ilustr. Hort. 10: Misc. 84. 1863.
Rhipsalis suarezianat Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 425. 1892.
Rhipsalis tetragona Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 428. 1892.
Very much branched, prostrate; lower branches elongated and terete; upper branches short
and somewhat angled; areoles more or less setose; flowers white; petals usually 5, obtuse; fruit
small, pinkish to white, globose.
* Haworth spelled this R. mesembryanthoides and also R. salicornoides. :
{ The Index Kewensis gives the place of publication erroneously as Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 39. 1838.
t According to the Index Kewensis, Rhipsalis suarensis Weber (Dict. Hort. Bois 1046. 1898) is the same.
PLATE XXV
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
AHoen® Co Baltimore
M. E. Eaton del.
1. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis heteroclada. 3. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis capilliformis.
2. Fruiting branch of same. 4, Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis virgata.
RHIPSALIS. 223
Type locality: Not cited, but Forster and Weber state that it came from Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil and northern Madagascar, but range not known.
Weber thought that Rhipsalis tetragona was the same as R. prismatica Riimpler, but
because he was not certain he described it as new.
Illustration: Gartenwelt 16: 634, as Rhipsalis suareziana; Monatsscht. Kakteenk. 18:
74, as R. tetragona.
Plate xxxtI, figure 3, shows a plant from Berlin which flowered in the New York
Botanical Garden on November 23, 1915.
Fic. 221.—Rhipsalis cereuscula.
4. Rhipsalis simmleri Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 7: 136. 1907.
Stems pendent, cylindric, 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, very much branched, the branches dichoto-
mous or 3 or 4-verticillate, upper short and somewhat angled, quite unlike lower ones; flowers
solitary, subterminal; petals white with pink tips, oblong, 6 tc 8 mm. long; filaments 5 to 8 mm.
long, white, filiform; style exserted, 9 mm. long; stigma-lobes ovate, reflexed, white; ovary obconic,
3 to 3.5 mm. in diameter; fruit white.
Type locality: Costa Rica.
Distribution: Costa Rica.
This species is named for Paul Simmler, chief gardener of the Boissier Collections at
Geneva, Switzerland. The plant was introduced in a collection of orchids from Costa Rica
and flowered in cultivation. Dr. Rose saw it when in Geneva in 1912 and obtained a small
fragment, but he did not see it in flower.
Illustration: Bull, Herb. Boiss. II. 7: 137.
5. Rhipsalis clavata Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 429. 1892.
Rhipsalis clavata delicatula Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 45. 1918.
Erect when young but soon hanging, often a meter long or more, much branched; joints all
similar, narrowly clavate, sometimes 4-angled when young, short, 1 to 3 cm. long, deep green,
224 THE CACTACEAE.
becoming brown, produced in terminal whorls of 2 to 7; areoles few, sometimes bearing 1 to 5 white
hairs; flowers near end of branches, white, 1.5 cm. long; petals hardly spreading; fruit spherical,
6 mm. in diameter, white or yellowish; seeds 1.5 cm. long.
Type locality: Petropolis, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Distribution: State of Rio de Janeiro.
This species is much like Hatiora and it was really referred to Hariota at one time by
Weber, himself. Schumann gives only one locality for it, but Dr. Rose found it on Coreobado
in Rio de Janeiro, altitude 465 meters, growing on branches of trees, and on this plant the
description has been partly based. Weber’s manuscript name, Hariota clavata, has appeared
only as a synonym of this species (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 172. 1895).
Illustrations: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 17, as Rhipsalis clavata delicatula;
Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 13; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: f. 11, No. 16.
6. Rhipsalis campos-portoana Léfgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2:35. 1918.
Stem slender, terete, usually pendent, usually dichotomous; primary branches elongated; ter-
minal branches in 2’s or 4’s, somewhat clavate, 3 to 5 cm. long; areoles few, naked; flowers terminal
or usually so, white; petals about 8, slightly spreading, obtuse, up to 9 mm. long; fruit globose, 4
mm. in diameter, red.
Type locality: Serra de Itatiaya, Brazil
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
This plant was collected by Dr. Rose and Campos Porto in July 1915 (No. 20612) and
flowered in the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro in September of that year, and from this
the description was drawn. Dr. Rose brought home living specimens but these have not
yet flowered.
Illustration: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 7.
7. Rhipsalis heteroclada nom. nov.
Stems stiff, dark green, but purple about areoles and tips of branches, often erect in cultivation,
much branched toward top of plant; branches often in verticillate clusters, much more slender
than the main stem, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter; areoles small, often bearing a single bristle;
flowers small, white or greenish; petals 5, obtuse, spreading or recurved; filaments about 20, white,
erect; style white, sunken at base into a little cup; stigma-lobes 3, white; ovary green, about 2
mm. long; fruit globose, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, white.
This plant is very common in Brazilian collections, where it is planted on fruit trees.
Dr. Rose found some beautiful examples in the Horto Bolanco Paulista, near Sao Paulo,
and on Ilha Grande (Rose 20371, type).
Plate xxul, figure 2, shows a fruiting branch obtained by Dr. Rose in Rio de Janeiro;
plate xxv, figures 1 and 2, shows fruiting plants collected-by Dr. Rose in Rio de Janeiro;
plate xxxul, figure 1, shows a fruiting plant obtained by Dr. Rose in Rio de Janeiro.
8. Rhipsalis capilliformis Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 425. 1892.
Rhipsalis gracilis N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron. III. 33: 18. 1903.
Stems and branches very slender and weak, the main branches often much elongated, the
branchlets short, spreading or drooping; flowers numerous, scattered along sides of branches, cream-
colored, rotate, 5 to 6 mm. broad; petals few, sometimes only 5, short and obtuse; fruit globose,
naked, white or pinkish, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter; seeds very numerous.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Eastern Brazil, but not known to us in the wild state.
BRITTON AND. ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XXVI
M. E. Eaton del : A;Hoens Uo Baltimore
1. Flowering branch of Rhzpsalis cribrata. 4. Flowering branch of same.
Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis capilliformis. 5. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis teres.
3. Flowering branch of same.
RHIPSALIS. 225
This is a very attractive little plant, often forming a dense mass of delicate branches.
It is a rather shy bloomer, but grows well in damp greenhouses.
Illustration: Gartenwelt 13: 117.
Plate xxv1, figure 4, is from a plant obtained in the Botanical Garden at Brussels by
Dr. Rose in 1912, which flowered and fruited in Washington in 1919; figure 3 shows a
plant sent from Paris, France, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in IQII
(No. 14795); figure 2 is from a plant sent by R. Lamb, from Manchester, England; plate
Xxv, figure 3, shows a fruiting plant sent from Paris in 1901.
9. Rhipsalis burchellii nom. nov.
Rhipsalis cribrata Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 81. pl. ro. 1915. Not Rumpler, 1885.
Much branched, very weak, with long slender hanging branches, the branching usually dichot-
omous; ultimate branches usually 4 to 10 cm. long; flowers subterminal, campanulate, 10 to 12 mm.
long, white; fruit turbinate, rose-colored.
This plant is very common in the forests about Sado Paulo. Dr. Rose collected it in the
forest of Jabaquara, August 15, 1915 (No. 20857, type), and also in the Botanical Garden
of Museu Paulista on August 14, 1915 (No. 20849).
This species is named for William John Burchell (1781-1863), who went to Brazil in
1825, where he made large and valuable collections.
Plate xxvil, figure 2, shows a fruiting branch taken from Dr. Rose’s plant No. 20857.
10. Rhipsalis cribrata (Lemaire) Riimpler in Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 889. 1885.
Hariota cribrata Lemaire, Illustr. Hort. 4: Mise. 12. 1857.
Rhipsalis pendula Vochting, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. Leipzig 9: 371. 1873. Not Pfeiffer, 1837.
Rhipsalis penduliflora N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron. I]. 7: 716. 1877.
Hariota penduliflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Rhipsalis cribrata filiformis Engelhardt in Méllers, Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 18: 585. 1903.
Woody at base, much branched; branches of two forms; stems terete, elongated, at first erect,
then hanging, without aérial roots; terminal branches very short, 2 to 3 cm. long, usually in whorls
of 2 to 20; areoles small, often with 1 or 2 small setae; flowers generally terminal, pendulous, white
or cream-colored, 8 to 10 mm. long; petals usually 5 to 7, obtuse, drying yellow; filaments erect,
numerous, white, salmon-colored at base; style white; stigma-lobes 3 or 4, spreading, white; ovary
naked; fruit small, globose, 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, pinkish, terminated by the old perianth.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: States of Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, Brazil.
This species was introduced into Europe in 1856 from Brazil, as some of the other
species have been, through sendings of orchids, where it was discovered by Lemaire, and
when it flowered the following year it was named and described by him.
Hariota penduliflora (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 69. 1891) is listed but not described.
Rhipsalis penduliflora laxa, referred to by Schumann (Martius, Fl. Bras. 4”: 276. 1890),
comes from the gardens at Kew.
Illustrations: Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 18: 585, as Rhipsalis cribrata filuformis;
Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 27, a; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio Janeiro 1: pl. 9, as R. penduliflora.
Plate xx, figure 3, shows a fruiting branch collected by Dr. Rose in Rio de Janeiro in
1915; plate xxvI, figure 1, shows a flowering branch obtained by Dr. Rose in Rio de Janeiro.
11. Rhipsalis cassutha * Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. 1: 137. 1788.
Cassytha filiformis Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768. Not Linnaeus, 1753.
Cactus parasiticus Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 541. 1783. Not Linnaeus, 1768.
Cactus pendulus Swartz, Prodr. 77. 1788.
* The original spelling given by Gaertner is as above. The usual spelling, however, is R. cassytha.
226 THE CACTACEAE.
Rhipsalis parasitica Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. 187. 1812.
Cactus caripensis* Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6:66. 1823.
Cereus caripensis De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 467. 1828.
Rhipsalis cassytha dichotoma De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 476. 1828.
Rhipsalis cassytha mauritianat De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 476. 1828.
Rhipsalis cassytha mociniana De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 476. 1828.
Rhipsalis cassytha hookeriana De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 476. 1828.
Rhipsalis cassytha swartziana De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17: 80. 1828.
Rhipsalis dichotoma G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 176. 1834.
Rhipsalis hookeriana G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 176. 1834.
Rhipsalis cassythoides G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 176. 1834.
Rhipsalis cassutha pendula Salm-Dyck in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 134. 1837.
Rhipsalis undulata Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 136. 1837.
Hariota cassytha Lemaire, Cact, Gen. Nov. Sp. 75. 1839.
Cereus parasiticus Haworth in Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 335. 1840.
Rhipsalis aethiopica Welwitsch, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3: 152. 1859
Rhipsalis minutiflora Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 271. 1890.
Hariota parasitica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Rhipsalis comorensis Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 424. 1892.
Rhipsalis zanzibaricat Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 425. 1892.
Fic. 222.—Rhipsalis cassutha.
Epiphytic or saxicolous, usually growing on trunk or branches of large trees, hanging in large
clusters, 1 to 9 meters long, the branches weak and pendent; branches when young bearing 5 to 9
white bristles at the areoles, when old naked, terete, sometimes producing aérial roots, often only 3
mm. in diameter, light green, usually growing from tips of other branches, generally in pairs but
sometimes in clusters of 6 or 8; flowers lateral, solitary, small, greenish in bud, sometimes subtended
by a single bristle; petals 2 mm. long, cream-colored; stamens borne on disk; ovary exserted; fruit
naked, white or pink, maturing a few days after flowering, globose, 5 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Florida, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, Panama to Dutch Guiana,
eastern and southern Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru, also in Ceyion and
tropical Africa.
The fruit of Rhipsalis cassutha, while usually white, is sometimes described as red or
pinkish. Hooker, in his Exotic Flora, figured and described the fruit as flesh-colored.
Weber, who received a red-fruited form from Costa Rica, has named it variety rhodocarpa
(Dict. Hort. Bois 1046. 1898). In the West Indies the plants inhabit moist districts and
are most abundant in forests, but in the vicinity of Matanzas, Cuba, occur on cliffs.
*This name was written Cactus garipensis by Kunth (Syn. Pl. Aeq. 3: 370. 1824) and is so listed in the Index
Kewensis.
+ De Candolle gives Cactus pendulinus Sieber (Fl. Maur. 2. n. 259) as a synonym of this variety.
iSchumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 623) spells the name Rhipsalis sansibarica.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XXVII
Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhipsalis cassutha. Afinens coleattmare,
Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis burchellit. :
Flowering branch of Rhipsalis cereuscula.
M. E. Eaton del.
Ibe
Bo
3:
Ni} air vi
ait
Wid
al
Oey 2 rs,
ea imi ay Pal
RHIPSALIS. 227
Hitherto unknown wild within the continental United States, the plant was found
on August 5, 1923, by C. A. Mosier on trees in Wallenstein’s Hammock, Dade County,
Florida.
Cactus cassythoides Mociiio and Sessé was given by De Candolle (Prodr. 3: 476. 1828)
as a synonym of RK. cassytha mociniana.
Lofgren (Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 4o. pl. 11. 1918) has figured and described
as new a plant under the name of Riipsalis cassythoides which may belong here. The name
had already been used by Don and we have referred it as a synonym of R. cassutha.
Cactus epidendrum Linnaeus (Amoen. Acad. 8:.257. 1785) is without description and
has been referred to Rhipsalis undulata. It was from Surinam. :
Cereus bacciferus (Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 548. 1880) appears only as a
synonym of Rhipsalis cassutha.
Cassytha baccifera Miller (De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 476. 1828) and C. polysperma Aiton
(Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 137. 1788) are known in synonymy only.
Rhipsalis pendula Hortus (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 133. 1837) occurs only as a synonym.
Rhipsalis caripensis Weber is listed as one of the synonyms of this species by Schumann
(Gesamtb. Kakteen 622. 1898).
Rhipsalis cassytha vars. major and pilosiuscula (Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 228. 1834)
and var. tenuior (Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1:78. 1891) areonly names. The first
has been referred to R. floccosa, while the second is sometimes referred to R. pulvinigera.
Illustrations: De Tussac, Fl. Antill. 3: pl. 22, as Cactus pendulus; Plunkenet, Phyt.
pl. 172, f. 2. 1692, as Cuscuta baccifera, etc.; De Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17:
pl. 21; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 888. f. 121. as Rhipsalis cassytha mociniana; Ann. Inst.
Roy. Hort. Fromont 2: pl. 3, as R. parasitica; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 11, as
R. cassythoides; Gartenwelt 13: 117, as R. minutiflora; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25:
477.{. 11, No. 18, as R. sansibarica; (Hortus malabaricus pl. 7, fide Miller); Gaertner, Fruct.
Sem. Pl. 1: pl. 28, f. 1; Torreya 9: 154. f.1; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: 537. f. 1; Journ.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 11: f. 23; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. 413. f. 6907; Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 9: pl.
865; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: pl. 4, f. 2; Karsten, Deutsche Fl. 887. f. 501, No. 5; ed. 2,
2: 456. f. 605, No. 5; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 712; Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19: pl. 16.
f. 13; Hooker, Exot. Fl. 1: pl. 2; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 58: pl. 3080; Gartenwelt 16: 633.
Plate xxvu, figure 1, shows a plant received from the Hope Botanical Garden in
Jamaica. Figure 222 is from a photograph showing branches of a plant sent us from
R. Lamb’s collection at Manchester, England.
12. Rhipsalis virgata Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 425. 1892.
Main stem or branches 1 meter long or more, terete, about 5 mm. thick, erect or ascending
but in time often pendent, often bearing aérial roots; upper branches short, 1 to 6 cm. long, terete;
areoles small, a little hairy, often with a white or pinkish bristle, subtended by a minute bract;
flowers borne along sides of the 2 and 3-year old branches, solitary at areoles, rotate, 8 to 10 mm.
broad, open throughout day; outer perianth-segments few, ovate, greenish yellow, sometimes tinged
with red; inner perianth-segments 4 to 6, oblong, cream-colored, obtuse; filaments erect, white;
style white, about as long as stamens; stigma-lobes 3, white; ovary broader than high, crowned by
a circle of scales and bearing one on the side.
Type locality: Described from a garden plant supposed to have come from Brazil.
Distribution: Eastern Brazil.
Illustration: Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 12.
Plate xxv, figure 4, shows a plant, received from M. Simon of St. Ouen, Paris, in 1901,
which flowered and fruited in the New York Botanical Garden in 1916.
13. Rhipsalis teres (Vellozo) Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 2:.449. 1841.
Cactus teres Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 207. 1825.
Rhipsalis conferta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 229. 1850.
Hariota conferta Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Hariota teres Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
228 THE CACTACEAE.
Stems erect or spreading, woody at base, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, much branched, especially
above, with 5 to 12 short ultimate branches at top of main ones; old branches terete, green or blotched
with red; flowers usually several at top of short terminal branches and scattered all along the primary
ones, 10 to 12 mm. broad, pale yellow; petals widely spreading; filaments and style white, erect.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: States of Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Rhipsalis floribunda Schott was given by Schumann (Martius, FI. Bras. 4’: 274. 1890)
as a synonym of this species.
Illustrations: Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 5: pl. 30, as Cactus teres; Mollers Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 22; Garten-Zeitung 4: 182. f. 42, No. 7, as Khipsalis conferta.
Plate xxvi, figure 5, shows a plant received from Kew in 1902 which flowered in the
New York Botanical Garden in 1917.
Fic. 223.—Rhipsalis shaferi.
14. Rhipsalis lindbergiana Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 271. 1890.
Rhipsalis erythrocarpa Schumann in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost. Afrikas 282. 1895.
Hariota lindbergiana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 32: 107. 1898.
Rhipsalis denstareolata Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 41. 1918.
Very much branched, hanging from tree-trunks in great festoons, 1 to 2 meters long; joints
elongated, 3 to 5 mm. in diameter; areoles filled with hairs and 2 bristles; flowers numerous, lateral,
pinkish; ovary naked or nearly so; fruit light red, globose, 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, 16 to 20-seeded.
Type locality: Near the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Distribution: Mountainous regions in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Mount
Kilman-Djaro, Africa.
Rhipsalis erythrocarpa Schumann was described from herbarium specimens, collected
on Mount Kilman-Djaro, in tropical Africa. We refer it to R. lindbergina Schumann in
deference to the opinion of Mr. Roland-Gosselin* but we have not had specimens for study.
Illustrations: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 12, as Rhipsalis densiareolata.
Rev. Hort. 85: f. 152, in part, as R. erythrolepis; Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 53; Arch. Jard;
Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 4.
* Bull. Soc. Bot. France 59: 100.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XXVIII
M. E. Eaton del. AHoen&Co Baltimore.
1. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis neves-armondit. 4, Flowering branch of Rhipsalis tucumanensis.
2. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis paradoxa. Fruiting branch of same.
3. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis pulvinigera.
eA
RHIPSALIS. 229
Plate xx1, figure 4, shows a branch from the plant collected by Dr. Rose on Tijuca in
1915 (No. 21174); figure 2 shows another plant collected by him in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
(No. 20309).
15. Rhipsalis shaferi sp. nov.
Stems at first stiff, erect or ascending, afterwards spreading or procumbent, 4 to 5 mm. thick,
terete, green or more or less purplish at tips; juvenile and lower branches often bearing several bristles
at areoles; upper branches without bristles or with a single appressed one; scales subtending the areoles
small but broad; flowers numerous, scattered all along side of branch, solitary (rarely in pairs) at
areoles, small, rotate, greenish white, 8 to 10 mm. broad; petals 5 or 6, short-oblong, obtuse; fila-
ments greenish, erect; stigma-lobes 4, white; ovary not sunken in branch; fruit small, globose,
2 to 3 mm. in diameter, white or sometimes tinged with pink.
Collected by John A. Shafer on trees at Asuncién, Paraguay, March 18, 1917 (No. 139),
on trees at Trinidad, Paraguay, March 17, 1917 (No. 134, type), again in Paraguay (Nos.
145 and 147), and on trees at Posados, Misiones, Argentina (No. 131).
Plate xxiv, figure 7, shows a branch in flower; plate xx1, figure 3, shows a branch in
fruit of the type which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1921. Figure 223
is from a photograph of Shafer’s No. 131, which flowered and fruited in Washington in 1921.
16. Rhipsalis fasciculata (Willdenow) Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Succ. 83. 1819.
Cactus fasciculatus Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Suppl. 33. 1813.
Rhipsalis horrida Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 21: 347. 1884
Rhipsalis madagascarensis Weber, Ind. Sem. Hort. Paris 1889; Rey. Hort. 64: 424. 1892.
Hariota fasciculata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Hariota horrida Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Stems woody, terete, much branched; branchlets clavate to cylindric, faintly ribbed when old,
4 mm. in diameter, with numerous areoles, each with a cluster of fragile hairs 3 to 4 mm. long;
flowers lateral but not described; ovary not sunken in the branch; fruit globose, small, bearing a
few areoles, these pubescent and setose.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Brazil and Madagascar.
We have studied Madagascan specimens of this plant sent from Kew and one sent
from Bahia, Brazil, to Dr. Rose by L. Zehntner in 1920. De Candolle (Plantes Grasses 1:
pl. 59) states that it occurred in Santo Domingo. Roland-Gosselin* says that it inhabits
American Islands; our very extensive explorations in the West Indies have failed to dis-
cover it. The Brazilian plant differs only from the Madagascan by having fewer hairs at
the areoles.
Rhipsalis pilosa Weber is listed by Schumann (Martius, FI. Bras. 47: 300. 1890) with
the statement that it occurs in P. Rebut’s Catalogue without description; A. Berger in a let-
ter (dated March 7, 1920) states that this name is said to be a synonym of R. madagascarensis.
It is illustrated (M@llers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 20). Rhipsalis
madagascarensis dasycerca Weber is listed by R. Lamb (Collection of Cacti 73. 1908.)
Illustrations: De Candolle, Pl. Suce. 1: pl. 59, as Cactus parasiticus; Curtis’s Bot.
Mag. 58: pl. 3079; Gartenwelt 13: 117, Ann. Inst. Roy. Hort. Fromont 2: pl. 1, f. G, as
R. fasciculata; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. 413. f. 6908. as R. parasitica.
17. Rhipsalis pulchra Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1:75. 1915.
Stems much branched, often pendent; branches often in whorls of 3’s or 4’s, 3 to 4 mm. in
diameter, bright green; areoles minute, reddish; flowers few, usually from near the tips of terminal
branches, purplish red, large, 12 to 14 mm. long; petals oblong, obtuse; stigma-lobes white; ovary
purplish red.
Type locality: Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil.
Distribution: State of Rio de Janeiro.
* Bull. Soc. Bot. France 59: 99.
230 THE CACTACEAE.
Our living specimens came from the Organ Mountains, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, obtained
by J. N. Rose through Ph. Luetzelburg, September 21, 1915 (No. 21157).
Dr. Rose examined the type collected by A. O. Darby in 1915 in the Museu Paulista
and obtained a fragment of it through the kindness of the Director.
Rhipsalis pulcherrima Lofgren (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 136. 1899) seems to have
been the name first given to this plant.
Illustration: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 5.
Plate xxxI, figure 2, shows a flowering branch of the plant obtained by Dr. Rose in
1915 which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1918 (No. 21151).
18. Rhipsalis lumbricoides Lemaire, Illustr. Hort. 6: Misc. 68. 1859.
Cereus lumbricoides lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 60. 1839.
Rhipsalis sarmentacea Otto and Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 9:98. 1841.
Lepismium sarmentaceum Vochting, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. Leipzig 9: 399. 1873.
Hariota lumbricalis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Hariota sarmentacea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 37: 107. 1898.
Fic. 224.—Rhipsalis lumbricoides.
Stems terete when growing, but angled when dormant, 3 to 4 meters long, about 6 mm. thick
rooting freely, much branched; young growth with 5 to 10 white bristles from each areole, usually
spreading, but old branches naked; flowers white to cream-colored, sometimes tinged with green;
petals few, often only 5, lanceolate, acute, 10 to 12 mm. long, acuminate; style slender, greenish,
longer than the stamens; stigma-lobes 4, spreading, greenish; ovary naked; fruit white.
Type locality: Montevideo, Uruguay.
Distribution: Uruguay and Paraguay, also probably southern Brazil. Hooker says
that it is a native of Buenos Aires, but this is doubtless an error.
This plant flowered in Washington on March 16, 1915. Schumann’s drawing of the
flower is not very good.
Rhipsalis sarmentosa (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 46. 1894) and R. larmentacea (Illustr.
Hort. 6: 88. 1859) are misspellings for R. sarmentacea.
According to Lemaire (Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 60. 1839) Cereus flagellifornuis minor Salm-
Dyck (Hort. Dyck. 64. 1834) belongs here. Grisebach (Symb. Fl. Argen. 139) referred
Cereus donkelaarii here.
Illustrations: Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: pl. 59; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 85: pl. 5136; Dict. Gard.
Nicholson 4: 598. f. 60; Suppl. 635. f. 646; Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: f. 69, D,
E; Gard. Chron. III. 2: 465. f. 95; Watson, Cact. Cult. 232. f. 90; ed. 3. f. 66, as Riipsalis
sarmentacea; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 633. f. 98, F; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro
I: pl. 3; Gartenwelt 13: 117.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. !V PLATE XXIX
M. E. Eaton del. AMoen& Co Baltimore,
1. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis floccosa.. 4. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis gibberula.
2. Flowering branch of same. 5. Branch of Rhipsalis dissimilis.
3. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis puniceo-discus. 6. Flowering and fruiting branch of same.
RHIPSALIS. Zain
Figure 224 is from a photograph taken by H. Buch which was given to Dr. Rose when
he was in La Plata, Argentina, in 1915.
19. Rhipsalis aculeata Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 428. 1892.
Stems terete, 3 to 4 mm. in diameter, somewhat angled and roughened in dried specimens;
areoles close together, bearing wool and 8 to 10 appressed white bristles or spines; fruit not immersed,
globose, 7 to 8 mm. in diameter, dark purple to nearly black, either naked or with 3 or 4 hairy areoles.
Type locality: Catamarea, Argentina.
Distribution: Northern Argentina, in the provinces of Catamarca and Tucuman.
A round-stemmed species collected by Otto Kuntze on the Sierra de Santa Cruz,
Bolivia, and labeled Hariota sarmentacea may belong here.
This species is described by Schumann as 8 to 10-ribbed, but no ribs are shown in
growing plants; in drying the branches are somewhat angled but one could hardly describe
them as ribbed. Dr. Shafer made a single collection of this plant at Tucuman in 1917 (No.
92); part of this material is living in the New York Botanical Garden. Dr. Rose also
obtained a specimen through one of his Argentina correspondents from Catamarca.
Plate xxiv, figure 8, is from Dr. Shafer’s plant mentioned above.
20. Rhipsalis grandiflora Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 83. 1819.
Cactus funalis Sprengel, Syst. 2: 479. 1825.
Cactus cylindricus Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 207. 1825. Not Lamarck, 1783. Not Ortega, 1800.
Rhipsalis funalis Salm-Dyck in De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 476. 1828.
Hariota funalis Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 74. 1839.
Rhipsalis cylindrica Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 2: 448. 1841.
Hariota cylindrica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Hariota grandiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Rhipsalis robusta Lindberg, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6:53. 1896. Not Lemaire, 1860.
Rhipsalis hadrosoma Lindberg, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 96. 1896.
Branches divaricate, often reddish, especially about the areoles, stout, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter;
flowers numerous, scattered all along branches, 12 mm. long, 2 cm. broad, light rose or cream-
colored; sepals reddish; petals few, oblong, obtuse, widely spreading; anthers and style white; stigma-
lobes 4, white; fruit naked, purplish, 6 to 7 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
We have not seen the type specimen of this species, but through the kindness of Mr.
N. E. Brown of Kew we have seen a photograph of Haworth’s specimens, which are the
same as the species here described. Haworth’s plant was received from Brazil in 1816, sent
by Messrs. Bowie and Cunningham.
Rhipsalis calanuformis (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 135. 1837) was published as a synonym
of R. funalis.
Walpers gives Rhipsalis funalis gracilior Pfeiffer (Repert. Bot. 2: 279. 1843) as a
synonym.
Illustrations: Gartenwelt 13: 117; Watson, Cact. Cult. 228. f. 89; ed. 3. f. 65; Amer.
Gard. 11: 465; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 3: 289. f. 365; Gartenflora 42: 234. f. 48; Link and
Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. pl. 38, as Rhipsalis funalis; Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 5: pl. 31, as Cactus
cylindricus; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 55, as RK. robusta; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 141;
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 151. f. 1 to 8; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 7, as
R. hadrosoma; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 54: pl. 2740; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 633. f. 98, A;
Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 54; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 151. f. 9 to 11; Arch. Jard. Bot.
Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 6.
Plate xxxI, figure 3, shows a plant collected by Dr. Rose near Rio de Janeiro in 1915
(No. 20746) which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1918; figure 1 is of a plant
which also flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, April 3, 1912; plate xxt, figures
1 and 6, shows the flowers and fruit of specimens sent by Alwin Berger in 1908.
232 THE CACTACEAE.
21. Rhipsalis megalantha Lofgren, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 134. 1899.
Rhipsalis novaesit Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 12. 1909.
Plants stout, up to 1 cm. thick, at first erect but in time spreading or with pendent branches, dull
green, often spotted with purple; areoles rather prominent, especially after flowering; flowers large, 4
cm. broad; petals 8 to 12, oblong, often shortly acuminate or obtuse, white; filaments erect, orange
at base, rose-colored above; style thick, longer than the stamens; stigma-lobes 6 to 8; fruit surrounded
with white hairs, rather small, 6 mm. in diameter, white or tinged with red; seeds nearly black.
Type locality: Island of Sado Sebastiado, Brazil.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality, an island off the coast of Brazil,
belonging to the state of Sao Paulo.
This plant is known wild only from the collection of Dr. Léfgren, but is now widely
found in cultivation, sometimes under the names Riipsalis grandiflora or R. nevaesti. It has
the largest flower of any species of Rhipsalis.
Illustrations: Blihende Kakteen 2: pl. 116; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 13, as Rhip-
salis novaesii; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 137; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. 147.
f. 35; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 8.
Plate xx1v, figure 3, shows a fruiting branch obtained by Dr. Rose in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, in 1915 (No. 20400).
22. Rhipsalis leucorhaphis Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 125. 1900.
Epiphytic, much branched, about 5 dm. long, rooting abundantly along the branches, jointed,
5 to 8 mm. in diameter, terete or showing 4 or 5 ribs in herbarium specimens; bristles 1 to 5, appressed,
eatly deciduous; areoles subtended by an ovate papery bract; flowers white, nodding, large, 1.5 cm.
long; petals only slightly spreading; filaments purplish or white with orange-colored base; stigma-
lobes 3 or 4, greenish, spreading; ovary not sunken in the branch; fruit globose, bright red, 6 to 8 mm.
in diameter; seeds numerous, brown.
Type locality: Estancia Tagatiya, Paraguay.
Distribution: Paraguay and northern Argentina.
We did not know this species until it was brought back by Dr. Shafer in 1917 from Para-
guay, where he obtained good specimens; he also found it abundant in northern Argentina.
Like many of the other species it grows in various situations, sometimes sprawling over
rocks or growing on forest trees. One of his living plants fruited in the New York Botanical
Garden and from this we have drawn part of our description.
Plate xxiv, figure 1, shows the plant in flower, and figure 2 shows it in fruit, collected
by Dr. Shafer at Trinidad, Paraguay (No. 143).
23. Rhipsalis loefgrenii nom. nov.
Rhipsalis novaesii Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 69. 1915. Not Giirke, 1909.
Stems long and slender, rooting freely all along stem, pale green to purple, terete, 3 mm. in
diameter; areoles small, subtended by a large scarious bract with appressed hairs in axils when young;
flowers very numerous, 12 to 15 mm. long, white, campanulate; filaments purplish at base; fruit
purplish, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Near Campinas, Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil.
Dr. Rose saw the Léfgren type in the Botanical Garden at Rio de Janeiro and obtained
living and herbarium specimens of the plant. Dr. Shafer also obtained living specimens
from Lofgren in 1917.
Unfortunately, Léfgren’s name was given to another plant by Giirke and for this
reason we have renamed it in honor of Dr. Alberto Léfgren (1854-1918), who long studied
this genus and published an excellent monograph of it in 1915.
Illustration: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 2, as Rhipsalis novaesit.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
PLATE XXX
M. E. Eaton del.
1. Fruiting branch of RAipsalis gonocarpa. 4, Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis trigona.
2. Flowering branches of Rhipsalis warmingiana.
5. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis pentaptera.
3. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis tonduzit. 6. Fruiting branch of same.
en;
nd #3
a Fe
Lb a i as eagle
sit aay le : ; bi Les
“boeing UMD
alas
RHIPSALIS. 233
Figure 225a shows two branches with a single fruit 1.33 times natural size; figure 225)
shows a branch twice natural size; figure 225c shows one of the bracts which subtend the
areoles, 4 times natural size,
all drawn from plants ob-
tained by Dr. Shafer from Dr.
Lofgren in 1917 and since
grown in the New York Bo-
tanical Garden.
24. Rhipsalis neves-armondii
Schumann in Martius, FI.
Bras. 47: 284. 1890.
? Rhipsalis rigida Lofgren,
Arch, Jard. Bot. Rio de
Janeiro 1: 93. I915.
Stems elongated, much
branched, and hanging from
trees in large clusters; branches
arranged in whorls of 3 to Io,
4 to 5 mm. thick, terete, elon-
gated, deep green; flowers widely
spreading, 2 cm. broad, white to
cream-colored; petals about 12,
acute; style erect, white; stigma-lobes 5, white; ovary sunken in the branch; fruit globose, red, 10 mm.
in diameter; seeds brown.
Fic. 225.—Rhipsalis loefgrenii. a, fruiting branch; 0, tip of branch; c, bract.
Type locality: Mount Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Distribution: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
There has long been much uncertainty regarding this species and Dr. Rose, during his
trip to South America, in 1915, endeavored to solve the problem. He first visited one of the
three localities mentioned in the original description, namely Tijuca, a mountain near Rio
de Janeiro. Here he found two species which belonged to the same group, Riipsalis
grandiflora and R. pulvinigera. He then visited the herbarium of the Museo Nacional, where
he found specimens of R. neves-armondu. Unfortunately, they did not bear an original label
but one doubtless written after the appearance of the description in the Flora Brasiliensis
for the three localities mentioned therein. After studying this material carefully, he visited
the mountain region just above Tijuca, namely Pica Popagaya, where he feels certain he has
collected the true form, although the joints are more terete and the flowers are pure white
instead of yellow; it is a singular Rhipsalis and a very shy bloomer. A second visit was
then made to Tijuca, but lower down on the mountain, and here he again found this species.
Illustrations: Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 56; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 19;
Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 80, A.
Plate xxvitl, figure 1, shows a flowering plant collected by Dr. Rose at the type
locality in 1915 (No. 20673), which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1916;
Plate xx1v, figures 4 and 5, show branches from the same plant, in fruit.
25. Rhipsalis pittieri sp. nov.
Epiphytic, resembling in habit Rhipsalis cassutha; branches 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, dull green,
terete; petals greenish yellow, 5 to 6 mm. long; ovary sunken in the stem, surrounded by white
haits; fruit maturing very slowly, white; seeds black.
Collected by H. Pittier near Hacienda Koster, Borburata, near Puerto Cabello,
Venezuela, in 1913 (No. 6467), and flowered first in Washington in the fall of 1914 (October
16), the fruit maturing March 16, 1915. The plant has repeatedly flowered since. This
234 THE CACTACEAE.
species is perhaps nearest Rhipsalis floccosa, from Brazil, and is the most northern repre-
sentative of the Series Floccosae.
Plate xxiv, figure 6, is of a fruiting specimen of the type plant.
26. Rhipsalis pulvinigera Lindberg, Gartenflora 38: 186. 1889.
Rhipsalis funalis minor Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 135. 1837.
Plant epiphytic, rather stout, at first erect but in time hanging, and then sometimes 3 to 5
meters long, the branches dull green with purple about the areoles, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter; terminal
branches often in whorls of 3 to 5; flowers at first white, in age yellowish, 2 cm. broad; ovary sunken
in the branch; fruit globose, red, 8 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: In the coastal mountains of central Brazil.
Schumann gives Rhipsalis grandiflora minor (Gesamtb. Kakteen 644. 1898) as a
synonym of this species, but he evidently meant R. funalis minor.
Rhipsalis cassytha pilosiuscula Salm-Dyck (Hort. Dyck. 228. 1834), although never
described, probably is to be referred here.
Illustrations: Gartenflora 42: f. 48, as Rhipsalis funalis; Gartenflora 38: f. 33, 34;
Riimpler, Sukkulenten 210. f. 119; 211. f. 120; Rev. Hort. 85: f. 152, in part.
Plate xxv, figure 3, is from a plant collected by Dr. Rose near Rio de Janeiro in
1915, which fruited in the New York Botanical Garden in 1915 (No. 43060).
27. Rhipsalis floccosa Salm-Dyck in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 134. 1837.
Hariota floccosa Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 75. 1839.
Rhipsalis rugulosa Lemaire, Ilustr. Hort. 8: after pl. 293. 1861.
Hariota rugosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Stems slender, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter, much branched, at first erect, becoming pendent; branches
alternate; flowers lateral, 2 cm. broad, white, tinged with yellow, surrounded by a tuft of wool;
ovary sunken in the branch; fruit globose, 5 mm. in diameter, rose-colored or nearly white.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Brazil.
Rhipsalis cassytha major Salm-Dyck (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 134. 1837), a synonym
only, is referred here by Pfeiffer.
Hariota floccosa Cels was used as a synonym by Forster (Handb. Cact. 458. 1846), but
was not technically published until 1891.
Illustration: Gartenflora 38: 185. f. 35.
Plate xxix, figure 1, shows a flowering branch from a specimen sent by Mr. Lamb
from Manchester, England, in 1914, and figure 2 shows a flowering branch collected by
Dr. Rose in Brazil in 1915 which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden on February
24, 1922.
28. Rhipsalis tucumanensis Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 426. 1892.
Hariota tucumanensis Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 37: 107. 1898.
Epiphytic on forest trees, when young setose, but soon naked, much branched; branches often
pendent, sometimes in whorls of 4, 4 to 10 mm. in diameter, when young nearly terete, bright
green with a red spot at the areoles, when old angled, yellowish green; flowers one from an areole,
15 to 18 mm. in diameter, rosy white to cream-colored; sepals 4, white but rose-colored on the back;
petals 8, ovate-lanceolate; stamens numerous, white, spreading, much shorter than petals; style
white; stigma-lobes 4 or 5; ovary sunken in the branch, surrounded by a tuft of wool; fruit described
as white tinged with red, but often red or pinkish, 8 to 10 mm. broad.
Type locality: Tucuman, Argentina.
Distribution: Tucuman to Catamarca, Argentina, and perhaps Bolivia and Paraguay.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE Xxx!
M. E. Eaton del. 1. Flowering branch of Rhipsalts grandiflora. gens Go.8atimore.
2. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis pulchra.
3. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis grandifiora.
tye
Stig.
Weta
a
rl a
i
RHIPSALIS. 235
This species is common in northern Argentina, where it was repeatedly collected by
Dr. Shafer in 1917.
Of this relationship, but perhaps specifically distinct, is the plant sent by M. Bang (No.
2323) from Coripati, Yungas, Bolivia, distributed as Rhipsalis salicornioides. Here we have
tentatively referred K. Fiebrig’s plant (No. 5801) from the Upper Parana, Paraguay.
Of plate xxv, figures 4 and 5 show flowering and fruiting branches from Dr. Shafer’s
collection from Calilegua, Argentina (Nos. 55 and 68), painted at the New York Botanical
Garden, May 24, 1922.
Fic. 226.—Rhipsalis suleata. Reduced. Fic. 227.—Rhipsalis gibberula. Xo.5.
29. Rhipsalis gibberula Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 426. 1892.
Stems 3 to 6 mm. thick, yellowish green, with dichotomous or trichotomous branches or some-
times with terminal whorls of 4 or 6; areole small; buds obtuse, pinkish, hairy when in flower; flowers
scattered along branches toward tip, white to pale pink, 8 to 9 mm. long, 12 to 15 mm. broad; petals
not widely spreading (at least in our specimen); stigma-lobes 3 to 6, white; fruit white, somewhat
depressed, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, 7 to 8 mm. high, the base sunken in the branch.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Organ Mountains, Brazil.
The species was described from plants brought to Paris from Brazil in 1887, their
habitat not recorded, but Dr. Rose traced it to the Organ Mountains in 1915 and his plant
flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in February 1921 (No. 21161). In 1902 a
specimen was sent from Paris to the New York Botanical Garden and one specimen was
obtained from R. Lamb, Superintendent of Parks at Manchester, England, in 1914, but
neither has done well in cultivation.
Plate xx1x, figure 4, is from a plant collected by Dr. Rose in the Organ Mountains in
1915, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden, February 17, 1921. Figure 227
shows the plant received from Paris in 1902 which flowered in the New York Botanical
Garden on March 6, 1917.
30. Rhipsalis puniceo-discus G. A. Lindberg, Gartenflora 42: 233. 1890.
Rhipsalis foveolata Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 1047. 1898. According to Roland-Gosselin.
Rhipsalis chrysocarpa Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 94. 1915.
? Rhipsalis chrysantha Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro I: 99. 1915.
Branches slender, almost filiform, hanging, pale green when young, freely rooting; branches in
terminal whorls, often as many as 6; flowers large, 1.5 cm. long, white; perianth-segments widely
spreading ; stamens orange-colored, at least at base; fruit at first dark red but in age golden yellow
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Brazil.
This plant first passed in living collections as Rk. funalis gracilis (Gartenflora 42:
233. 1893.)
236 THE CACTACEAE.
Dr. Lofgren gave Dr. Rose a cutting of the original plant of Riipsalis chrysantha.
Illustrations: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 20, as Rhipsalis chrysocarpa; Rev.
Hort. 79: 106. f. 33, as R. foveolata; Gartenflora 42: 235. f. 49; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de
Janeiro 1: pl. 21.
Plate xxix, figure 3, shows a plant also brought by Dr. Rose from Brazil (No. 20662)
which flowered and fruited in the New York Botanical Garden, March 7, 1921.
31. Rhipsalis dissimilis (G. A. Lindberg) Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 286. 1890.
Lepismium dissimile G. A. Lindberg, Gartenflora 39: 148. 1890.
Rhipsalis dissimilis setulosa Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 428. 1892.
Rhipsalis pacheco-leonu Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 38. 1918.
In clumps on large limbs of trees and freely rooting; branches very diverse, some with numerous
bristly hairs from the areoles, others naked, erect, prostrate or even hanging; hairy branches with 9
very low ribs, the areoles close together, each with about 15 long white bristles; glabrous branches,
5-angled, with the areoles alternating as in Rhipsalis paradoxa; flower-buds red; flowers solitary,
about 6 mm. broad; petals few, oblong, obtuse, widely spreading, sometimes turned back, pinkish;
stamens erect, numerous, white; ovary sunken in the branch; style pinkish, erect; stigma-lobes 3 or
4, white.
Type locality: Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Distribution: States of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
We have referred Rhipsalis pacheco-leonit here after studying living specimens of
R. dissimilis and specimens from the type collection obtained by Dr. Rose in 1915 (No.
20707).
Rhipsalis setulosa Weber (Hort. Bois Paris) was published as a synonym of R. dissimilis
var. setulosa.
Illustrations: Gartenflora 39: 148. f. 36, 37, as Lepismium dissiumile; Arch. Jard. Bot.
Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 10, as Rhipsalis pacheco-leonit; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 131: pl. 8013, as
R. dissimilis setulosa; Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 80, B; Gartenflora 40: f. 121.
Plate XxIx, figures 5 and 6, shows the two diverse forms which this plant takes, as does
also plate xxxu, figures6and 7. The specimens were collected by Dr. Rose in the state of
Rio de Janeiro in 1915 and are a part of the type material of K. pacheco-leontt.
32. Rhipsalis pentaptera Pfeiffer in Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 4: 105. 1836.
Hariota pentaptera Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 75. 1839.
Branches stiff, bright green, 6 to 15 mm. in diameter, strongly 5 or 6-ribbed, the ribs indented at
areoles; areoles often 2 cm. apart, small, subtended by broad bracts, usually bearing 2 white bristles;
flowers usually scattered along whole length of branches, opening in daytime, 1 to 4 from an areole;
scales 4 or 5 at base of corolla, broad and obtuse; petals 5, reddish on back, cream-colored on face,
4 mm. long, obtuse; stamens numerous, about 25, free from petals, white, about as long as style;
style and stigma-lobes white; ovary truncate, naked; fruit 3 to 4 mm. in diameter, white, naked, or
with an occasional small scale.
Type locality: Not cited. Otto says, in a note, probably Brazil.
Distribution: Southern Brazil and Uruguay.
A very common species in cultivation, flowering freely in March and April.
Hariota pentaptera Lemaire and Rhipsalis pentagona are given as synonyms of this
species by Férster (Handb. Cact. 453. 1846).
Illustrations: Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 17, f. 1; Goebel, Pflanz.
Schild. 1: pl. 4, f. 4; Gartenwelt 13: 117; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No.
21; Rev. Hort. 85: f. 152, in part.
Plate xxx, figures 5 and 6, shows a plant which flowered and fruited in the New
York Botanical Garden in 1912 and 1915, obtained from Paris, France, in 1902.
33. Rhipsalis sulcata Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 1046. 1898.
Stems woody, sometimes 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, often long and pendent; branches elongated,
the joints 2 to 3 dm. long, 5-angled, light green; areoles remote (2.5 to 5 cm. apart), usually near the
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV
PLATE XXXII
M. E. Eaton del.
1. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis heteroclada 5
2. Fruiting branch of Désocactus biformis.
3. Flowering and fruiting branch of Rhipsalis prismatica. 7.
4. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis coriacea.
A Hoen& Co. Baltimore
Fruiting branch of same.
Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis dissimilis.
Branch of same.
Gr G
ar PN se en
ey ae 5
ay mah
ac et
ma,
ee
i
OFS urvie:
aye ,
TRU aalleecwet =
OTT Rede ip
rf
RHIPSALIS. 237
center of a purple blotch; flowers solitary at the areoles, rather large, rotate, white to pinkish; ovary
naked.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Not known in the wild state.
Weber found this plant in cultivation under the name of Khipsalis micrantha, but it is
very different from the true R. micrantha which comes from Ecuador.
Figure 226 shows a plant received from Paris in 1902 which flowered in the New York
Botanical Garden on March 21, 1912.
34. Rhipsalis trigona Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 133. 1837.
Hariota trigona Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
: Stems stout, very much branched, 1.5 cm. in diameter, strongly 3-angled, the angles or ribs
alternating with those of adjoining joints; flowers solitary, white to pinkish, widely spreading,
sometimes 2 cm. broad; sepals usually 3, short, obtuse; petals generally 7, oblong, obtuse; filaments
numerous, white; style white; stigma-lobes 4, white; ovary sunken in the branch; fruit globose, 8
to 10 cm. in diameter, red.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil.
Wildeman states that the species is probably from the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Illustrations: Wildeman, Icon. Select. 5: pl. 193; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1:
pl. 23; Gartenflora 40: 38. f. 15, 16; Gartenwelt 13: 117.
Plate xxx, figure 4, shows a plant sent to Dr. Rose by R. Lamb of Manchester,
England, in 1914, which flowered and fruited in the New York Botanical Garden in 1919.
35. Rhipsalis paradoxa Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 39. 1845.
Lepismium paradoxum Salm-Dyck in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 140. 1837.
Hariota alternata Lemaire, Hort. Univ. 2: 39. 1841.
Rhipsalis alternata Lemaire, Cactées 80. 1868.
Hariota paradoxa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Plants freely giving off aérial roots, branched, hanging in large clusters 1 meter long or more;
branches in zigzag links, terminal, in pairs or in whorls of 3 to 8, more or less spreading, 3-winged,
pale; flowering areoles very woolly, setose when young, borne at upper ends of ribs; flowers sub-
terminal, large, 2 cm. long, white; ovary sunken in stem; fruit not seen.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil, especially near the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The young growth is glossy green, the areoles subtended by broad round bracts.
Seedling plants are very different from the adult plant; they are strongly 4-angled, with
each angle bearing closely-set areoles, filled with slender bristles and showing no resem-
blance to the typical form; gradually as the plants grow older their mature joints take on
the normal form. This plant is a prolific bloomer and in the garden of the Museo Paulista
it remains in flower for three weeks.
Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 140. 1837) gives Cereus pterocaulis Hortus as a synonym of
Lepismium paradoxum while Forster (Handb. Cact. 453. 1846) gives Rhipsalis pterocaulis
as a synonym of R. paradoxa.
Lepismium alternatum Hortus (Loudon, Hort. Brit. Suppl. 3: 576. 1850) appeared as a
questionable synonym of Lepismium paradoxum.
Illustrations: Herb. Génér. Amat. II. 2: pl. 38; Hort. Univ. 2: pl. 50, as Hariota alter-
nata; Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3%: f. 69, A, B; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 633.
f. 98, B; Karsten, Deutsche Fl. 887. f. 501, No. 4; ed. 2. 2: 456. f. 605, No. 4; Martius, Fl.
Bras. 4°: pl. 55, f. 1; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 22; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1:
pl. 1, f. 5; Rev. Hort. 85: f. 152, in part; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 1: pl.
6, f. ¢.
Plate xxvii, figure 2, is from a plant received from La Mortola in 1908 which flowered
in the New York Botanical Garden in 1916.
238 THE CACTACEAE.
36. Rhipsalis houlletiana Lemaire, Illustr. Hort. 5: Misc. 64. 1858.
Rhipsalis houlletiit Lemaire in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. too: pl. 6089. 1874.
Rhipsalis regnellii Lindberg, Gartenflora 39: 119. 1889.
Hariota houlletiana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Stems 1 to 2 meters long, slender, terete below but flat and broad above; branches flat and thin,
1 to 5 cm. broad, tapering into a petiole-like base; margin serrate; flowers numerous, bell-shaped with
a red eye; petals cream-colored, turning pale yellow, lanceolate, acute; stamens numerous; ovary not
sunken in the branch, strongly 4 to 5-angled; fruit not angled, globose, red, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Brazil, in the states of Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo.
This species grows on trees in the mountains at an altitude of 1,000 meters.
Rhipsalis regnelliana appears in the general index for the Monatsschrift fiir Kakteen-
kunde (volumes 1-20) in place of R. regnelliz.
Illustrations: Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 56; Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: f. 69,
C; Gartenflora 39: f. 29, 31 to 33; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 98, E; Martius, Fl. Bras.
4°: pl. 58; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 14, as Rhipsalis regnellit; Curtis’s
Bot. Mag. 100: pl. 6089; Gartenflora 39: f. 30; Riimpler, Sukkulenten 212. f. 121, as R.
houlletii; Rev. Hort. Belge 40: after 186, as R. kegnelli (in error for R. regnellii) ; Blithende
Kakteen 2: pl. 111; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 17.
Plate xxxuil, figure 1, shows a flowering plant collected by Dr. Rose in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, in 1915 (No. 20307), which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in
1918; figure 2 shows a plant obtained from M. Simon of St. Ouen, Paris, in 1901, as Rhipsalis
regnellii, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden December 16, 1916; figure 3
shows a dissected flower and figure 4 a fruiting branch; plate xxxIv, figure 1, shows a plant
with flowers obtained in Paris in 1901; figure 2 shows a flower cut through the center.
37. Rhipsalis warmingiana Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 291. 1890.
At first erect, then spreading or hanging; branches elongated, jointed, 10 mm. wide or less,
either flat or sharply 3 or 4-angled, more or less blotched or colored throughout with purple or red;
flowers one at an areole, 20 mm. long, white, directed forward, the perianth-segments spreading,
acute; stamens 25 to 30, white; ovary strongly angled; fruit globose, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, dark
purple tc nearly black, capped by the withered flower.
Type locality: Near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; two localities were cited when first
described, this being the first.
Distribution: State of Minas Geraes, Brazil.
The plant has long been in cultivation, where it does well and blooms freely. Dr. Rose
brought back a fresh supply from Brazil in 1915. According to Robert Lamb, the flowers
have a perfume resembling that of a hyacinth.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 151; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 18;
Gartenflora 41: f. 5, 6, 7.
Plate xxx, figure 2, shows a plant from M. Simon which flowered in the New York
Botanical Garden in 1912; plate xxxtrv, figures 3 and 4, shows two fruiting branches
received from the Berlin Botanical Garden in 1902.
38. Rhipsalis gonocarpa Weber, Rev. Hort. 64: 427. 1892.
Very much branched; joints narrowly lanceolate te linear, crenate, 3-angled or flattened, becom-
ing purplish; flowers lateral, white, 15 mm. long; petals 7 or 8, lanceolate; stamens 20 to 30, white;
ovary strongly 3-angled; stigma-lobes 3 or 4; fruit terete, dark purple to black, globular to short-
oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long.
Type locality: Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Distribution: State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Wt
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XXX
M. E. Eaton del. AHoensCu Bahimare.
1. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis houlletiana. 3. Flower of same.
2. Flowering branch of same. 4. Fruiting branch of same.
in
ae
teh eI ie
any!
akan
RHIPSALIS. 239
Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 641. 1898) refers here as a synonym Rhipsalis ptero-
carpa Weber, a name which he had previously listed in the Flora Brasiliensis (47: 300. 1890).
Plate xxx, figure 1, is from a plant sent to Dr. Rose in 1914 by R. Lamb of Man-
chester, England, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1920.
39. Rhipsalis linearis Schumann in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 296. 1890.
Stems at first erect but afterwards spreading or prostrate, 6 to 8 dm. long, much branched;
branches vary narrow, serrate, narrowed at base and woody; flowers white, 16 to 18 mm. long;
fruit white, 5 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Southern Brazil, but no definite locality cited. Localities in Paraguay
and Argentina also cited in the original place of publication.
Distribution: Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and northern Argentina.
We know this species only from description.
40. Rhipsalis micrantha (HBK.) De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 476. 1828.
Cactus micranthus Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth, Noy. Gen. et Sp. 6:65. 1823.
Hariota micrantha Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Either epiphytic and pendu-
lous or clambering over rocks;
branches 3 or 4-angled or flattened,
5 to 8 mm. broad; areoles small, CSS
remote, bearing often 1 to 4 bristles; p
flowers white, lateral, 7 mm. long
including the ovary; petals cream-
colored, spreading, obtuse; fila-
ments, style, and _ stigma-lobes
white; fruit 8 to 1o mm. long,
naked, white to reddish, globose;
seeds black.
Fic. 228.—Rhipsalis micrantha. Xo.s.
Type locality: Near Olleros,
formerly in Ecuador, now in northern Peru.
Distribution: Ecuador and northern Peru.
Schumann describes this species as having 5 angles and cites only Humboldt’s plant.
The original description says 3 or 4-angled or compressed. The plant which he actually
described is doubtless Rhipsalis sulcata, which has long passed in collections as R. micrantha.
Dr. Rose found this species quite common in southern Ecuador and brought back
living specimens of it. “The specimen in the New York Botanical Garden which came from
Berlin agrees with Schumann’s description.
Figure 228 shows a branch from the plant brought by Dr. Rose from southern Ecuador
in 1918 (No. 23248).
41. Rhipsalis tonduzii Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 1046. 1808.
Stems giving off aérial roots freely, at first erect but branches hanging, 1 cm. in diameter or less,
normally 4 or 5-angled, sometimes 7-angled, but terminal branches often 3-angled or occasionally
flattened and 2-angled; branches about ro cm. long, usually terminal but always in clusters of 2 to
6, pale green; areoles close together, forming notches in the branch; flowers small, 12 mm. long,
white; ovary exserted (Schumann says immersed) ; fruit globose, short-oblong, white, 7 to 10 mm.
long, usually on upper half of terminal branches, resembling fruit of Rhipsalis cassutha but much
longer, sometimes abortive and covered with hairs, thus resembling a small chestnut-bur, perhaps
the result of insect stings; seeds oblong, numerous, black.
Type locality: Costa Rica.
Distribution: Costa Rica but range unknown.
This species flowered in Washington in March 1912, in June 1919, and again in April
1920; fruit was obtained July 31, 1919, and in April 1920.
240 THE CACTACEAE.
Plate xxx, figure 3, shows a branch of a plant brought back from Costa Rica by Dr.
Maxon in 1906.
Of this relationship is the following:
RHIPSALIS WERCKLEI Berger, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16:64. 1906.
Epiphytic, much branched, hanging, 3 to 6 dm. long; branches 2 to 4-angled, mostly 3, 8 to 10
em. long, 10 mm. broad or less, without aérial roots; flowers borne singly along the whole branch,
small; sepals 2; petals 4, creamy white; ovary not sunken in the branch; fruit globose, naked or with
an occasional small scale, white, 5 mm. long; seeds numerous, brownish.
Type locality: Navarro, Costa Rica.
Distribution: Costa Rica.
The above description with regard to flowers and fruit has been copied. Our living
specimens suggest that it may be different from Ahipsalis tonduzi, but whether specifically
distinct will require further study to determine.
42. Rhipsalis boliviana (Britton) Lauterbach in Buchtien, Contr. Fl. Bolivia 1: 145. 1910.
Hariota boliviana Britton in Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club 3%: 40. 1893.
Stems somewhat 4-angled and narrowly winged at base, setose at the areoles, the setae 5 to 10,
yellowish white, about 2 mm. long; branches 1.5 to 30 cm. long, flattened and thin, 1 to 2 cm. broad,
broadly crenate, the crenations 1.5 to 3 cm. long; flowers usually solitary but sometimes 2 or 3 at an
areole, about 15 mm. long, one-half to two-thirds as broad, ‘‘yellow’’; fruit globose, nearly 1 cm. in
diameter, truncate at apex.
Type locality: Yungas, Bolivia.
Distribution: Wet forests of Bolivia.
43. Rhipsalis lorentziana Grisebach, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 24: 139. 1879.
Epiphytic on forest trees or clambering over rocks, freely rooting along stems; lower part of
stem often terete; branches thin, flattened or sometimes 3-angled, usually elongated and narrow,
sometimes more or less constricted near middle, 3 cm. broad or less, coarsely serrate, usually cuneate
at base; flowers white, about 4 cm. long; ovary oblong, strongly angled. naked except a few scales
at the top; fruit globose, purplish, 3 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Oran, Argentina.
Distribution: Northwestern Argentina and to be expected in southern Bolivia.
Dr. Kurtz gave to Dr. Rose when he was in Cordoba, Argentina, in 1915, a part of the
plant collected by Lorentz and Hieronymus in 1893 (No. 454), which proves to be the type.
44, Rhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 130. 1837.
Cereus ramulosus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 340. 1834.
Hariota ramulosa Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 75. 1839.*
Stems woody, 3 dm. or more high, erect, terete; branches 7 to 12 cm. long, 1.2 to 2.5 em. broad,
pale green, with distant low crenations 12 to 20 mm. apart, when young often ciliate at areoles but
in age naked; flowers solitary at the areoles, small, rotate, greenish white; sepals and petals 6 or 7,
ovate-lanceolate, adhering to the base of the ovary, persistent; stamens 12 to 18; style filiform;
stigma lobes inconspicuous; fruit glabrous, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, white and subpellucid with 2 to 3
minute scales; seeds small, black.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Western Brazil and the adjacent borders of Bolivia and Peru (according
to Vaupel).
Collected by R. S. Williams at Isapuri, Bolivia, altitude 1,550 feet, October 1, 1901
(No. 734). We have also referred here H. H. Rusby’s No. 749 from trunk of trees near the
cataracts of Bopi River, Bolivia, altitude 2,500 feet, September 8, 1921.
We know this plant from herbarium specimens; it is similar to Rhipsalis lorentziana
but bearing scales on the ovary.
*Lemaire, in 1839 (Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 74, 75), combines Rhipsalis with Hariota, and 8 of the 10 species which he
lists had not heretofore been referred to Hartofa. They are, therefore, to be credited to Lemaire rather than to Otto
Kuntze (Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891), as has been done in the Index Kewensis.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XXXIV
AHoen&Co.Baltimare.
M. E. Eaton del.
1. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis houlletiana. 3. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis warmingiana.
2. Flower of same. 4. Fruiting branch of same.
Cae
1 3 -
hea ey
ad ae
Be cays
ee |e,
a can
i body
Miaitioy
aie ae
Lael
RHIPSALIS. 241
Rhipsalis ramulosa has long been a doubtful species. Its origin was unknown at the
time of its first publication, but Schumann in 1890 attributed it to Costa Rica, but this was
evidently a mistake.
Vaupel has recently published an article (Zeitschrift fiir Sukkulentenkunde 1: 10.
1923) in which he states that the type was cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Berlin
in 1833 and that specimens are now preserved in the herbarium there. He states that these
are the same as the plant collected by Ule at Seringal, San Francisco, in the Upper Acre
region of Brazil, about 10° south latitude, towards the border of Bolivia and Peru. He
would also refer here a plant collected by Tafalla in 1790 at Pozugo in eastern Peru.
Cactus dentatus Ruiz (Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: 288. 1890), given as a synonym of Rhipsalis
alata by Schumann, is based on Tafalla’s plant and according to Vaupel should not have
been credited to Ruiz.
Epiphyllum ramulosum, E. ciliare, and E. ciliatum were all given by Pfeiffer (Enum.
Cact. 130. 1837) as synonyms of Rhipsalis ramulosa.
Figure 229 shows a drawing made from Mr. Williams’s specimen.
Fic. 229.—Yop of fruiting branch of Rhipsalis ramulosa. X 0.75.
45. Rhipsalis purpusii Weingart, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 78. 1918.
Plant epiphytic; stems 8 mm. in diameter, woody, terete, brown; branches weak, elongated,
terete below, flattened above, thin, remotely crenate; flowers small, white, solitary.
Type locality: Cerro de Boqueron, Chiapas, Mexico.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
This must be related to the Costa Rican plant, Khipsalis coriacea, and perhaps
conspecific.
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 79; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 35: 117.
46. Rhipsalis coriacea Polakowsky, Linnaea 41: 562. 1877.
Hariota coriacea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 262. 1891.
Rhipsalis angustissima Weber Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 465. 1902.
Rhipsalis leiophloea Vaupel, Zeitschrift Sukkulentk. 1: 20. 1923.
Stems 2 to 10 cm. high, woody and terete at base, with many lateral branches; branches often
hanging, 1 to 3.5 cm. broad, thin, serrate, the teeth 1.5 to 2.5 cm. apart, bearing the small areoles;
young branches purple, terete at first, but finally broad and flattened above; areoles at base of branch
and sometimes but rarely on flattened part, bearing 2 to 7 long, hairy bristles; flowers rather narrow,
including ovary 12 mm. long, each subtended by a shallow scale; sepals and petals erect below;
sepals usually 3, cream-colored, tinged with red; petals greenish white to pinkish, usually 5 to 10,
obtuse, 7 to 8 mm. long; stamens numerous, white; style white; stigma-lobes short, white; fruit
white, 7 mm. in diameter, bearing several broad, rounded scales; seeds black.
Type locality: Near Cartago, Costa Rica.
Distribution: Widely distributed in Costa Rica.
242 THE CACTACEAE.
This species flowers in March.
Rhipsalis coriacea, which originally came from Costa Rica, Schumann referred to R.
alata of Jamaica, a plant of similar habit but yet very distinct.
Tllustration: Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 466, as Rhipsalis angustissima.
Of plate xxxtl, figure 4 shows a flowering specimen and figure 5 a fruiting specimen
from a plant collected by Wm. R. Maxon at Tunialba, Costa Rica, in April 1900, painted at
the New York Botanical Garden on April 12, 1912.
47. Rhipsalis jamaicensis Britton and Harris, Torreyag: 159. 1909.
Pendent from trees, 3 to 10 dm. long, the main axis angular; joints 1 to 4 dm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm.
broad, thin, dull green, bluntish at apex, narrowed into a short or elongated stipe at base, the margins
low-crenate; flowers yellowish green, about 6 mm. long; perianth-segments about 7, oblong to oblan-
ceolate, only a little spreading, obtusish; ovary oblong, bearing a few small scales; stamens 20 to 30;
style longer than stamens; stigma-lobes 3; fruit globose, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, white, the scales
3 mm. broad.
Type locality: Troy, Cockpit Country, Jamaica.
Distribution: Forests of Jamaica.
Illustration: Torreya 9: 158. f. 3.
Plate xxtl, figure 4, shows a plant with flowers and young fruit from Jamaica.
48. Rhipsalis platycarpa (Zuccarini) Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 131. 1837. 5
Epiphyllum platycarpum Zuccarini, Cat. Cact. Monac. 1836.
Cereus platycarpus Zuccarini, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 736. 1837.
Hariota platycarpa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 18&g1.
Branches broad and flat, 1 to 2 dm. long, 3 cm. broad
ot more, dull green becoming red when grown in sunlight,
with broad deep crenations; flowers borne toward apex
of branch, 1 to 3 from an areole, 16 to 18 mm. long,
greenish yellow or dull white; petals 8 mm. long, ovate;
stamens white; stigma-lobes 5, white; fruit (doubtless im-
mature) naked, green, somewhat compressed, angled,
truncate.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Organ Mountains, Brazil.
We have obtained plants of this species from
Mr. Lamb at Manchester in 1904 and Dr. Rose
found it wild in the Organ Mountains of Brazil in
1915 (No. 21159). It grows well in cultivation but
it has never flowered with us.
Illustrations: Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr.
Cact. 1: pl. 17, f.2; Bliihende Kakteen 2: pl. go.
Figure 230 showsa branch of the plant obtained Fic. 230.—Rhipsalis platycarpa. Xo.4.
by Dr. Rose in the Organ Mountains.
49. Rhipsalis russellii sp. nov.
Hanging in great clusters from the horizontal branches of trees; branches strongly flattened, 15
em. long, 5 to 6 cm. broad, cuneate at base, strongly crenate, dark green or purplish along margins;
flowers often 9 at an areole, minute; sepals few, obtuse, reddish at tips; petals usually 5, cream-
colored, obtuse, 2 mm. long; fruit usually 1 at an areole, small, globose, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter,
purple.
Collected by J. N. Rose and Paul G. Russell near Toca da Onca, Bahia, Brazil, June
27 to 29, 1915 (No. 20106). This species suggests Rhipsalis elliptica, but has very different
flowers and fruit.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XXXV
1
. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis oblonga. Aoens.Co Banimane
2. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis elliptica.
3. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis crispata.
M. E. Eaton del.
RHIPSALIS. 243
Of plate xxxvu, figures 1 to 4 are from the type specimen which has repeatedly
flowered and fruited in the New York Botanical Garden; figure 1 shows the tip of a flowering
branch; figure 2 shows a cluster of six flowers; figure 3 shows a flower enlarged four
diameters; figure 4 shows a fruiting branch.
50. Rhipsalis elliptica Lindberg in Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: 293. 1890.
Rhipsalis chloroptera Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 1045. 1898.
Rhipsalis elliptica helicoidea Lofgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 44. 1918.
Plants growing in clumps, at first ascending, often hanging from trees; joints flat and broad,
oblong to elliptic, 3 to 20 cm. long, 2 to 7 cm. broad, the margin faintly to strongly crenate; flowers
generally 1, sometimes 2 or 3 at an ateole, 12 mm. broad; petals usually 5, yellowish, widely spread-
ing, oblong, obtuse; filaments numerous, nearly erect, white; style white; stigma-lobes white, 5;
ovary not sunken in the branch; fruit reddish, a little longer than broad, 6 to 7 mm. long.
Type locality: Near Sorocaba, south of Santos, Sado Paulo, Brazil.
Distribution: States of Sado Paulo and Santa Catharina, Brazil.
Illustrations: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 16, as Rhipsalis elliptica helicoidea;
Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 104, as Khipsalis chloroptera; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1:
pl. 15.
Plate xxxv, figure 2, is from a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Jabaquara, near Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, in 1915, which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in 1916.
51. Rhipsalis pachyptera Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 132. 1837.
Cactus alatus Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Suppl. 35. 1813. Not Swartz, 1788.
Epiphyllum alatum Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 84. 1819.
Cactus triqueter Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 206. 1825. Not Willdenow, 1813. Not Haworth, 1803.
Cereus alatus Link and Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 77. 1830.
Lepismium fluminense Miquel, Bull. Neerl. 48. 1838.
Rhipsalis robusta Lemaire, Rev. Hort. 1V. 9: 502. 1860.
Rhipsalis pachyptera purpurea Corderoy, Gard. Chron. III. 2: 468. 1887.
Hartota triquetra Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Hariota pachyptera Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Hariota robusta Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
Rhipsalis crassa Schumann, Keys 54. 1903.
Stems much jointed, pendent; joints often 3 to 6 dm. long, 5 to 7 cm. broad, thickish, stiff,
sometimes nearly orbicular, often purple, deeply crenate; flowers numerous, but solitary, rarely
2 to 4 from the areole, large; petals widely spreading, yellowish; stamens numerous; stigma-lobes
4 or 5, slender; fruit globose, white.
Type locality: Originally given as the West Indies,* but this is doubtless a mistake.
Distribution: States of Rio de Janeiro, Minas-Geraes, Santa Catherina, and Sado Paulo,
Brazil.
The species grows in the high mountains on trunks of trees, altitude 1,000 meters, down
to nearly sea-level.
A variety, crassior Salm-Dyck (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 132. 1837), with thick green
orbicular joints, has been described.
Steudel’s name of Rhipsalis alata (Nom. ed. 2. I: 333. 1840), given as a synonym of
Cereus alatus De Candolle, is referred here by Schumann, but probably relates to Pseu-
dorhipsalis.
This species was for a long time confused with Rhipsalis alata, a very distinct species
from Jamaica, now referred by us to the genus Pseudorhipsalis.
Illustrations: Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 55: pl. 2820,* as Cactus alatus; Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 5:
pl. 25, as Cactus triqueter; pl. 33, as to flower only; Link and Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. pl. 39,
as Cereus alatus; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 55; 7: 151, in part, as Khipsalis robusta;
*The plant, however, which Hooker described and figured (Curtis's Bot. Mag. 55: pl. 2820) as Cactus alatus and
which Pfeiffer cited in his original description, came from the Organ Mountains near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
244 THE CACTACEAE.
Blithende Kakteen 1: pl. 34; Martius, Fl. Bras. 4°: pl. 57; Paxton’s Fl. Gard. 1: pl. 99;
Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 14; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No.
15; Gartenwelt 13: 117; 16: 633, 635; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 1: pl. 5, f. d.
Plate xxxvil, figure 6, shows a fruiting branch from the plant obtained by Dr. Rose
in Brazil in 1915 (No. 20346); plate xxxv1, figure 1, shows a flowering branch from a plant
obtained from M. Simon, of Paris, in 1g9o0r.
52. Rhipsalis rhombea (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 130. 1837.
Cereus rhombeus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 341. 1834.
Hariota rhombea Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Noy. Sp. 75. 1839.
Stems terete or angled; branches usually flat and thin, but sometimes 3-angled; joints oblong,
rt to 3 cm. broad, cuneate at base, strongly crenate, dark green or purple; flowers usually solitary at
areoles but sometimes in 2’s, small, cream-colored, with a red spot at base of stamens; sepals reddish;
petals obtuse; fruit dark red.
Fic. 231.—Rhipsalis crispimarginata.
Type locality: Not cited.
Distribution: Brazil, but range unknown.
Cereus crispatus crenulatus, Epiphyllum crenulatum, and E. rhombeum were referred
by Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 130. 1837) as synonyms of this species.
Here perhaps also belongs Cereus crispatus latior (Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 66. 1834),
which is without description.
Illustrations: Gartenwelt 16: 635; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 1: pl. 6,
f. e; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 13; Wildeman, Icon. Select. 2: pl.
67; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 16.
Plate xxxvl, figure 2, shows a flowering plant received from the Royal Botanic Garden
at Kew in 1902 which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in January 1912.
* According to the Index Kewensis this is Cactus speciosus Hooker, said to be equal to Rhipsalis swartziana.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XXXVI
M. E. Waton del. 1. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis pachyptera. AHoen Co. allimore
i 2. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis rhombea.
RHIPSALIS. 245
53. Rhipsalis crispimarginata Léfgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 37. 1918.
Plants pendulous, the main stem terete below, often 3-winged above; terminal branches in
re
clusters, oblong, flat, obtuse, narrowed at base, shining green or tinged with purple, 4 to 6 cm. long;
flowers usually solitary but sometimes 2 or 3 at an areole, white, drying pale yellow; sepals ovate-
obtuse, reflexed; petals white, widely spreading, numerous: stigma-lobes white; fruit globose, white.
Type locality: Ilha Grande, near the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Distribution: State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Illustration: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 9.
Plate xxxvil, figure 5, shows a fruiting branch of the type collection obtained by Dr.
Rose on Ilha Grande near Rio de Janeiro in 1915 (No. 20401). Figure 231 is from a photo-
graph of Miss Eaton’s painting of a plant given to Dr. Shafer by Dr. Léfgren in 1917 at
Rio de Janeiro which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden in May 1922.
54. Rhipsalis crispata (Haworth) Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 130. 1837.
Epiphyllum crispatum Haworth, Phil. Mag. 7: 111. 1830.
Rhipsalis crispata latior Salm-Dyck in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 130. 1837.
Hariota crispata Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 75. 1839.
Rhipsalis rhombea crispata Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 638. 1898.
Fic. 232.—Rhipsalis crispata.
Branches divided into short flat joints 6 to 10 cm. long, broad both at base and apex, green,
more or less crenate; flowers solitary or sometimes 2 to 4 at an areole, 10 to 12 mm. broad, cream-
colored to light yellow; filaments numerous; fruit white, 7 mm. in diameter.
Type locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil, but range unknown.
The synonyms R. crispa and its var. major (Forster, Handb. Cact. 450. 1846) and
R. crispa latior Salm-Dyck (Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 279. 1843); Hariota crispata latior
Lemaire (Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 75. 1839) doubtless belong here. Schumann, in Nachtrag,
page 144, refers here Rhipsalis swartziana Pfeiffer.
Pfeiffer publishes as a synonym of the above Cereus crispatus (Enum. Cact. 130. 1837),
as does also Forster. Schumann (Gesamtb. Kakteen 638. 1898) makes this species a
variety of Rhipsalis rhombea, but later (Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. 145. 1903) recognizes
two species.
Cactus torquatus (Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2: 342. 1843), referred to Rhipsalis rhombea
by Walpers, was only a garden name.
Illustrations: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: pl. 16, as Rk. rhombea; Gartenwelt 13:
117; Garten-Zeitung I: 459. f. 109; Rev. Hort. 85: f. 152, in part.
246 THE CACTACEAE.
Plate xxxv, figure 3, shows a flowering plant received from A. Berger in 1908. Figure
232 is from a photograph of Miss Eaton’s painting of the plant obtained by Dr. Rose in
Brazil in 1915 (No. 20708) which flowered and fruited in the New York Botanical Garden
in 1922.
55. Rhipsalis oblonga Léfgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 36. 1918.
In cultivation bushy; main branches terete below, more or less flattened above; ultimate
branches narrowly oblong, 5 te 15 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. broad, shining green even in sunlight; flowers
borne along the sides of the branches, solitary at the areoles; fruit globular to short-oblong, 3 to 4
mm. long, nearly white, naked, crowned by the withered perianth.
Type locality: On Iha Grande, Brazil.
Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
Illustration: Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: pl. 8, as Rhipsalis oblonga.
Plate xxxv, figure 1, shows the plant grown by Dr. Lofgren at Rio de Janeiro and given
to Dr. Shafer in 1917, which flowered and fruited in the New York Botanical Garden in
May 1922.
56. Rhipsalis cuneata sp. nov.
Epiphytic on trees; jcints oblong to spatulate, 8 to 12 cm. long, thin, obtuse, cuneate at base,
strongly crenate, naked at the areoles or with a bristle or two; flowets so far as known solitary;
fruit globose, 4 mm. in diameter, naked.
Fic. 233.-—Rhipsalis cuneata.
Collected by R. S. Williams above San Juan, Bolivia, altitude 5,500 feet, April 2,
1902 (No. 2458). This species is known to us only from herbarium specimens.
Figure 233 is from a photograph of the specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium.
57. Rhipsalis roseana Berger, Zeitschrift fiir Sukkulentenkunde 1: 22. 1923.
Lower joints flat, 15 to 20 mm. broad, distinctly alternately notched; areoles small, with a little
tuft of white wool and a single short brown hair, 15 to 20 mm. apart, the upper ones more closely set;
upper joints narrower and more linear or linear-lanceolate, 10 to 15 mm. broad and 6 to 12 cm. long
or more, equally notched, smooth, bright green; some of the uppermost joints often narrower, 8 to
Io mm. broad and only shallowly notched, others triangular with prominent notched angles and
excavated sides, others 1 cm. wide, with 3 or 4 prominent wing-like distinctly but remotely notched
ribs and areoles about 4 cm. apart; flowers small, whitish yellow.
This species was described from cultivated plants of unknown origin. We believe
that it may be from Colombia and we would refer here the following specimens: Wilson
Popenoe’s No. 518 from near San Miguel, Perdoma, Tolima, 1921, and Ellsworth P.
Killip’s No. 8203 from mountains west of Popayan, 1922.
Mr. Berger writes: “This new Rhipsalis is decidedly distinct from R. wercklez; its
branches are shorter, broader, more deeply notched and of a firmernature. Its growth too
is far less quick and it does not form so promptly long and pendent shoots as R. wercklei.
BRITTON AND ROSE, VOL. IV PLATE XXxXVII
M. E. Eaton del. Roane CesBeliraae
1. Flowering branch of Rhipsalis russellii. 4. Fruiting branch of same.
2. Cluster of flowers of same. 5. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis crispimarginata.
3. Flower of same. 6. Fruiting branch of Rhipsalis pachyptera.
pened: :
WME WOT
hae
-
; i},
ie ish
1 a.
RHIPSALIS. 247
UNPUBLISHED OR INCOMPLETELY DESCRIBED SPECIES.
RHIPSALIS CHRYSANTHA Léfgren, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1:99. 1915.
We know this species only from description. Léfgren places it in his subgenus
Lepismium near RKhipsalis dissimilis, but his descriptions suggest R. rosea (our Rhipsali-
dopsis rosea). Both names are based on Dr. P. Dusen’s collections from Param, Brazil.
It seems near RK. puniceo-discus.
RHIPSALIS FRONDOSA Wercklé, Subregion Fitogeografica Costa Ricense 42. 1909.
The above name is given without description.
Weingart (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 185. 1910) refers to this plant as a new species
represented in a sending from Costa Rica by Wercklé. Nothing further is known about it.
RHIPSALIS RIEDELIANA Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860: 49. 1860.
Hariota riedeliana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891.
This plant was sent from Brazil by Riedel, but we do not know it. Schumann did not
know it.
Rhipsalis bucheni Béhagnon (Rev. Hort. 85: 436. f. 152. 1913) we know only from the
illustration of a poor potted plant and an incomplete description.
Rhipsalis carnosa and R. lagenaria are names mentioned by Vochting (Jahrb. Wiss.
Bot. Leipzig 9: 368, 372. 1873).
Rhipsalis erythrolepis Bénagnon (Rey. Hort. 85: f. 152, part) is known only from a
potted plant of some species with broad, flat joints.
Rhipsalis filiformis seems to be only a garden name (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 47.
1896). It may be the same as R. cribrata filiformis Engelhardt (Mollers Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 18: 585. 1903).
Rhipsalis itatiaiae Weber appears in Robert Lamb’s Collection of Cacti, page 72,
1908, without description. In 1914 Mr. Lamb sent Dr. Rose a specimen under this name,
but it has not bloomed. A part of this plant from Mount Itatiaya, Brazil, is now grow-
ing in the New York Botanical Garden (Rose, No. 888).
Rhipsalis macahensis Glaziou (Bull. Soc. Bot. France Mem. 111. 326. 1909) is only a
name. According to Glaziou he collected it on rocks and trees at Alto Macahé, Rio de
Janeiro (No. 18262).
Rhipsalis microcarpa Steudel, is a name found only in Schumann’s Index (Gesamtb.
Kakteen 832. 1898).
Rhipsalis miquelii Lemaire (Cactées 80. 1868) is not described but it is grouped with
R. pachyptera, R. rhombea, and other flat-jointed species. Lemaire also lists R. turpinii on
the same page, associating it with R. micrantha and KR. trigona.
Rhipsalis oligosperma Lindberg (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 21. 1897) is a name only.
Rhipsalis spathulata Otto (Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3. 1839) Schumann thought might be
a mistake for Pereskia spathulata. Kuntze takes it up, however, as Hariota spathulata
(Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891).
The name Rhipsalis taglionis occurs in the Index Kewensis Supplement 1, by error for
R. saglionsts.
Rhipsalis wettsteinii Schumann (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 48. 1907) is a name only.
The illustration (fig. 233a) given on next page is a reproduction of Plumier’s plate
92 of Burmann Plantarum Americanum pubished in 1755 and now referred to Neoabbattia
paniculata, discussed on page 280 of this volume.
APPENDIX.
During the progress of our investigations much information has been received from
numerous sources which could not be included in publication at the logical places. Some
of this was taken up in the appendix to the first volume (Cactaceae 1: 216-225) and some
in the appendix to the second (Cactaceae 2: 223-226); what remains is included in this
appendix to the whole work.
Dr. David Griffiths, who studied the species of Opuntia, especially with relation to
their economic possibilities, and grew many of them at experimental stations of the United
States Department of Agriculture at Brownsville, Texas, and at Chico, California, has
published and described many species as new. We have included these in our studies of
the genus and have grouped them with the species known to us as accurately as has been
possible from his published descriptions and illustrations and after examination of as
many of his type specimens as we have been permitted to see; however, conditions were
such that we have not been able to study anumber of them. They have not been arranged
for ready reference by students.
The preface to Volume I gives a list of volunteers who have made valuable con-
tributions of specimens and data to this investigation. Many of these have continued to
aid us.
Dr. Britton, in continuing his West Indian studies, investigated the cacti of Grenada
and of Trinidad in 1920 and 1921 and published an account of the Trinidad species.
Dr. John K. Small has continued his investigation of the southeastern United States
and of Florida in particular, in cooperation with Mr. Charles Deering, and has greatly
increased our knowledge of the cacti existing there, including the discovery of many
undescribed species of Opuntia.
Dr. Francis W. Pennell, Curator of Botany at the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, and Mr. E. P. Killip, of the United States National Museum, made extensive
botanical collections in Colombia in 1922, including some specimens of cacti, which we
have studied.
Dr. Henry H. Rusby led the Mulford Biological Exploring Expedition to Bolivia in
1921-1922 and with the assistance of Dr. O. E. White obtained for us specimens of several
little-known cacti.
Dr. Philip A. Munz has sent us cacti from the deserts of southern California.
Mr. C. Z. Nelson obtained cacti from southern Mexico, including a beautiful new
species of Selenicereus.
Mr. Francis J. Dyer, while connected with the Consular Service in Honduras and
at Nogales, Mexico, sent us many specimens from those stations.
Professor Harvey M. Hall, while making extensive explorations in the western United
States in connection with his own work, has forwarded interesting cactus plants.
Dr. and Mrs. Charles D. Walcott have sent specimens from Alberta, Canada, some of
them coming from near the most northern range of the family.
Dr. W. L. Abbott and Mr. E. C. Leonard made extensive collections in Haiti in 1920
and obtained a number of rare and little-known plants, including one which had been
collected by Charles Plumier about 1698 and which proved to be a new genus; this was
named by us for Dr. Abbott. More recently Dr. Abbott has sent us specimens from
Santo Domingo.
Dr. George F. Gaumer, the veteran collector in Yucatan, has sent very important
collections from his region, including a number of new species.
Mr. Ivan M. Johnston, who accompanied the scientific expedition sent out by the
California Academy of Sciences in 1921 to explore the islands of the Gulf of California,
249
250 THE CACTACEAE.
collected many cacti, especially species of Neomammillaria, duplicating many of the
important discoveries made by Dr. Rose on the same islands in 1911. He has also sent us
cacti from Colorado.
Professor Fortunato L. Herrera has sent some very interesting plants from eastern
Peru, especially from about his home at Cuzco.
Mr. Robert Runyon has collected extensively in southern Texas and northern Mexico
and has supplemented his specimens with some very beautiful photographs.
Dr. L. H. Bailey and his daughter, Miss Ethel Zoe Bailey, obtained valuable cacti
from Venezuela, especially from the region about Ciudad Bolivar, on the Orinoco, in 1921.
Mr. W. B. Alexander was sent to Argentina by the Australian Government in 1920
and 1921 in search of enemies of the weed prickly pears and there made many important
observations, especially on the genus Opuntia. He sent us two undescribed species.
Dr. B. P. Reko, a very diligent collector, has sent many cacti from Mexico, especially
from Oaxaca, including several new to science.
Sefior Octavio Solis, in charge of the cactus garden belonging to the Mexican Govern-
ment in the City of Mexico, has sent many living plants from his country, especially of the
genus Neomammillaria. To him we have dedicated the genus Solisza.
Sefior J. G. Ortega has collected extensively on the west coast of Mexico, especially
in the state of Sinaloa, and for him we have named Neomammiullaria ortegae.
Mr. J. Francis Macbride and Mr. William Featherstone, who were in charge of the
botanical expedition of the Field Museum to Peru in 1922 and 1923, made large and valuable
collections of cacti in central and eastern Peru.
Mr. E. C. Rost has collected and photographed many interesting cacti for us in
southern California and Lower California.
Dr. W. S. W. Kew explored extensively in Lower California in 1921 and sent not only
many specimens but numerous habit photographs.
Mr. James H. Ferriss, while making various excursions through the western United
States, has sent in many specimens. Among his interesting discoveries was the finding
of Neomammiullaria potisii in southern Texas.
Mrs. S. L. Pattison, an enthusiastic collector in western Texas, has sent many valuable
specimens, including new species collected by herself or for her by local collectors.
Mrs. Ruth C. Ross spent considerable time in eastern Arizona in 1921 and collected
cacti along the route traversed by Emory in 1847, re-collecting certain species which he
had discovered at that time.
Mr. Harry Johnson was located for about a year in Guatemala, during which time he
sent a number of very interesting cacti, especially species of Epiphyllum. Some of these
were accompanied by full notes and drawings.
Sefior P. Campos-Porto has sent a number of interesting specimens from Brazil belong-
ing to the genus Kiipsalis.
The following persons have contributed valuable specimens, usually from about their
homes or while engaged in other work: G. W. Goldsmith, Colorado; B. C. Tharp, Texas;
Charles O. Chambers, Oklahoma; James S. Holmes, Washington, D. C.; Joseph A. Holmes,
Wyoming; William Hertrich, California; William Tell, Texas; Albert Ruth, Texas; D. C.
Parman, Texas; Karl Reiche, Mexico; Gerold Stahel, Surinam; Rev. Louis Mille, Ecuador;
H. M. Pilkington, Haiti; Percy L. Ports, Washington, D. C.; W. E. Broadway, Trinidad;
A. F. Moeller, Mexico; W. E. Meyer, Bolivia; Stephen E. Aguirre, Mexico; Mrs. Elsie
McElroy Slater, Texas; Paul C. Standley, Central America; R. D. Camp, Brownsville,
Texas; George L. Fisher, Texas; A. V. Fric, Mexico; and Dana Lee, Wyoming.
As treated in this monograph the Cactus family is composed of 3 tribes. The first
and second tribes are taken as units, but the third is composed of 8 subtribes. The number
of genera recognized is 124 and the number of species is 1,235.
APPENDIX. 251
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO VOLUME I.
On page 11, vol. 1, under Pereskia pereskia, add to illustrations: Garten-Zeitung 4: 182.
f. 42, No. 5; Gard. Chron. 111. 20: f. 108; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 714, as Pereskia
aculeata; London, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 413, as Cactus pereskia; Méllers Deutsche Girt. Zeit.
23: 256. f. 15, as Pereskia godseffiana.
Also insert: Pereskia longispina rubescens Pfeiffer and P. longispina rotundifolia Salm-
Dyck were given by Walpers (Repert. Bot. 2: 283. 1843) as synonyms of P. aculeata, but
they were not described.
On page 12, vol. 1, under Pereskia autumnalts, add to distribution: Common in Salvador
where it is much planted for hedges.
Also add to illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 25: 35, as Pereskiopsis autumnalis;
Engler and Drude, Veg. Erde 13: f. 10, as Pereskia guatemalensis.
On page 14, vol. 1, under Pereskia sacharosa, add the synonym: Pereskia amapola
argentina Weber in Weingart, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 87. 1894.
On page 17, vol. 1, under Pereskia guamacho, insert: Illustration: Carnegie Inst. Wash.
269: pl. 11, f. 92, 93.
On page 20, vol. 1, under Pereskia grandifolia, add to illustrations: Riimpler, Sukku-
lenten f. 128; Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: f. 57, J; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 137;
Watson, Cact. Cult. f. 6, in part; 222. f. 87; ed. 3. f. 63; Karsten, Deutsche FI. ed. 2. 2:
456. f. 605, No. 9; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1202. f. 17371; Van Géel, Sert. Bot. 4: pl. 1,
as Pereskia bleo; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 3: 75. f. 81; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 81.
Also add synonym: Cactus grandiflorus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 25. 1822.
On page 21, vol. 1, Pereskia zinniaeflora, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 1
and 2. 223. f. 88; ed. 3. f. 64; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 586. f. 55.
On page 21, vol. 1, under Pereskia horrida, substitute for this name:
Pereskia humboldtii nom. nov.
Cactus horridus Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth, Noy. Gen. et Sp. 6: 70. 1823. Not Salisbury, 1796.
Pereskia horrida De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 475. 1828.
On page 24, vol. 1, at end of Pereskia, add: Pereskia recurvifolia and P. galeottiana
are two names marked with an asterisk by Lemaire (Cactées 95. 1868), indicating that
they are new. So far as we know they were never described.
On page 24, vol. 1, at end of Pereskia insert:
Pereskia pflanzii Vaupel, Zeitschrift Sukkulentenk. I: 56. 1923.
Tree about 15 meters high, with verticillate branches, not very spiny; leaves thick, ovoid,
narrowed at base, 4 cm. long by 2 cm. broad; flowers solitary at apex of leafy branches; corolla 3
em. long, rose-colored.
Type locality: Vicinity of Laguna Santa Isabel, Bolivia.
Distribution: Bolivia, but known only from type locality.
Pereskia verticillata Vaupel, Zeitschrift Sukkulentenk. 1: 55. 1923.
Erect shrub, 2 meters high, very spiny, with verticillate branches; leaves thick, lanceolate, 5 cm.
long by 1.5 em. broad; flowers borne at apex of leafy branches; corolla 1.5 cm. long, rose-colored.
Type locality: Vicinity of Laguna Santa Isabel, Bolivia.
Distribution: Bolivia, but known only from type locality.
On page 27, vol. 1, under Pereskiopsis chapistle, add to illustration: Smiths. Misc.
Coll. 50: pl. 43.
On page 28, vol. 1, under Pereskiopsis porteri, add the synonym: Opuntia rotundtfolia
Brandegee, Zoe 2: 21. 1891. Not Pereskia rotundifolia De Candolle, 1828.
On page 29, vol. 1, under Pereskiopsis spathulata, insert: Illustration: Méllers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 488. f. 22, No. 1, as Pereskia spathulata.
252 THE CACTACEAE.
On page 29, vol. 1, under Pereskiopsis pititache, add to illustrations: Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 8: 33, as Pereskia calandriniaefolia.
On page 30, vol. I, insert the following:
11. Pereskiopsis scandens sp. nov.
Slender, climbing or clambering over walls, up to 10 meters long; branches terete, grayish,
smooth; areoles circular, white-woolly when young, gray in age, with a short spine (5 mm. long)
and a bunch of brown glochids in the upper edge; leaves ovate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, glabrous, acute;
flowers yellow, from the areoles on old branches, appearing in June; fruit maturing slowly (perhaps
requiring 2 to 3 years to ripen), very narrow, 5 to 7 cm. long, somewhat tubercled, with a deep
umbilicus; seeds few.
Living specimens of P. scandens were sent by Dr. George F. Gaumer from Tas
Yucatan, Mexico, in July 1921 (type). It was also collected by A. Schott at Mérida in
1865 (No. 409).
Withdraw the name Pereskia zehntneri from page 14, vol. 1, and substitute the fol-
lowing at the end of Pereskiopsis on page 30:
1a. QUIABENTIA gen. nov.
A low, leafy, much branched shrub with numerous horizontal branches, usually in whorls;
leaves fleshy but flattened, stiff, borne at right angles to the branches; areoles large, white-felted,
often with numerous spines, these acicular and white, the upper part of areole bearing glochids; flowers
terminal, very large, bright red; ovary leafy, very narrow; stamens numerous, a little shorter than
the style, much shorter than the petals; style short and stiff; stigma-lobes very short, obtuse; seeds
white, a little flattened, covered with a hard bony aril as in Opuntia.
A monotypic genus, native of the semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil. The generic
name is from quiabento, the native name of the plant.
1. Quiabentia zehntneri Britton and Rose.
Pereskia zehntnert Britton and Rose, Cactaceae I: 14. 1919.
Flowers at ends of branches, large, 7 to 8 cm. broad, 3 to 4 cm. long, bright red, appearing in
November; petals broad, retuse; ovary borne in the upper end of the branch, very narrow, 3 to 4
cm. long, bearing the usual leaves, areoles, and spines of the branches; fruit oblong to clavate, 6 to
7 cm. long, 1.5 cm. in diameter at the top, slightly angled by the low elongated tubercles running
downward from the small scattered areoles, and finally without leaves, spines, or bristles, sterile
below, with thick fleshy walls and with a small narrow seed-cavity; umbilicus broad, slightly
depressed; seeds thick with flattened sides rounded on the back, 5 mm. in diameter.
In its large, red, rotate flowers this plant at once suggests a Pereskia. Its red flowers
are so similar to those of P. bahiensis of the same region that at first we considered the
two species congeneric. Now that we have studied the fruit and seed it is evident that
P. zehninert belongs to a very different genus. Then, too, the old areoles develop deciduous
spines or bristles which are doubtless glochids; these occur on the upper part of the
areoles but do not form the definite brush of the Opuntiae. These glochids would exclude
it from the Pereskieae. It must therefore be referred to the Opuntieae and next to Peres-
kiopsts. In its broad, thick leaves it resembles that genus, but its flowers are terminal,
very large, and rotate; its fruit is much elongated and the seeds are glabrous.
We are indebted to Dr. Leo Zehntner, a very keen observer, for many fine specimens
and much information regarding it. He has found it only on a small calcareous mountain
near the city of Bom Jesus da Lapa, Brazil, but it has been transplanted to the Horto
Florestal of Joazeiro where it is well established and where it flowered three years after
being replanted. In 1915 Dr. Rose brought living specimens to the New York Botanical
Garden from this stock (No. 19722).
On page 32, vol. 1, under Pterocactus tuberosus, add the synonym: Opuntia tuberosa
albispina Salm-Dyck in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 911. 1885.
Also add to illustrations: Haage and Schmidt, Cat. Gen. 230. 1908; De Laet, Cat.
Gén. f. 74, as Pterocactus kuntzet.
APPENDIX. 253
On page 34, vol. 1, under Nopalea cochenillifera, add the synonyms: Cactus nopal
Thierry, Dict. Sci. Nat. 6: 103. 1817; Cactus splendidus Thierry, Dict. Sci. Nat. 6: 103.
1817; Cactus campechianus Thierry, Dict. Sci. Nat. 6: 103. 1817; Nopalea coccifera Lemaire,
Cactées 89. 1868.
Also add to illustrations: Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 1 and 3. 412. f. 6888, as Cactus
cochenillifer ;Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 48, as spineless opuntia; Knorr, Thesaurus pl. 0,1.
On page 37, vol. 1, under Nopalea aubert, insert:
Opuntia aubert was described as from Cuba, but as no Nopalea is known from Cuba
we have been unable to account for this reference. The following incidents may explain it:
L. Pfeiffer described the plant in 1840 just after his return from Cuba, where he had
gone with Otto in 1838. At Havana they visited the Botanical Garden, then in charge of
Pedro Auber, for whom this plant was doubtless named. It is also stated that, although
Pfeiffer made this trip especially to gather cacti, he saw only one species, Opuntia horrida.
The probabilities, therefore, are that this plant was obtained from the Botanical Garden
at Havana, perhaps with a statement from Auber that it was Cuban.
On page 37, vol. 1, under Nopalea dejecta, add the synonym: Nopalea angustifrons*
Lindberg, Act. Soc. Se. Fenn. 10: 123. 1871.
Add to illustrations: Act. Soc. Se. Fenn. 10: pl. 2, as Nopalea angustifrons.
On page 41, vol. 1, under Mathuenia poeppigit, add to illustrations: Gartenflora 30:
412, as Pereskia poeppigit.
On page 42, vol. 1, under Mazhuenta brachydelphys, insert the synonym: Opuntia
brachydelphis Schumann in Just, Bot. Jahresb. 26': 343. 1808.
Insert: Mammiullaria brachydelphis is a clerical error for Opuntia brachydelphis.
On page 42, vol. 1, under Opuntia, add the synonym: Cactus Lemaire,t Cactées 86.
1868. Not Linnaeus, 1753.
On page 46, vol. 1, under Opuntia ramosissima, insert: Opuntia tessellata denudata,
according to C. R. Orcutt, is only a form—spiny joints frequently occurring on the same
plant with the spineless form; it is common in the Mojave Desert, California. It was
mentioned by Alverson (Cact. Cat. 6) while O. ramosissima denudata is listed by Weinberg
(Cacti 22). O. ramosissima cristata is mentioned by Schelle (Handb. Kakteenk. 41. 1907).
Also add to illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for February; Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
8: 71, as Opuntia tessellata cristata; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2596, 2610.
On page 47, vol. 1, under Opuntia leptocaulis, add the synonym: Opuntia californica
Engelmann in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 158. 1848.
Also insert: Opuntia stipata (Schumann, Index Gesamtb. Kakteen 830. 1898) refers to
O. leptocaulis stipata.
Also add to illustrations: Emory, Mil. Reconn. 158. No. 11, as Opuntia californica;
Gartenwelt Ir: 75, as O. vaginata; Carnegie Inst. Wash. 269: pl. 10, f. 89; pl. 11, f. 96;
Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 2: f. 717; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 41. f. 2; Méllers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 9, No. 21.
On page 49, vol. 1, under Opuntia caribaea, insert: Dr. Britton endeavored to find
this plant in Trinidad in 1920 and 1921 but failed and he could not learn anything about
it. It appears probable that the drawing sent by Mr. Lockhart to Kew in 1825 was made
from a Venezuelan plant.
On page 54, vol. 1, under Opuntia clavellina, add to illustration: Karsten and Schenck,
Vegetationsbilder 13: pl. 18, in part.
On page 56, vol. 1, under Opuntia whipplei, in last line of description read cm. as mm.
* The Index Kewensis refers this name to Opuntia leucacantha, but the illustration shows that it belongs to Nopalea.
{ Lemaire in his Les Cactées, published in 1868, takes up the name Cactus for certain of the low, depressed, much
branched or cespitose species of Opuntia. He lists a number of these on pages 87 and 88, but as they are not connected
through published species their identification is made only by inference.
254 THE CACTACEAE.
Add to illustration: Bull. Agr. Exper. Sta. N. Mex. 78: pl. 11, 12; North Amer.
Fauna 7: pl. 9; Pac. R. Rep. 4: pl. 17, f. 1 to 4; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2609.
On page 57, vol. 1, under Opuntia acanthocarpa, add to illustration: Stand. Cycl.
Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2606; Gartenwelt 11: 75.
On page 57, vol. 1, under Opuntia echinocarpa and O. parryi, respectively, add the
synonyms: Cactus echinocarpus and C. parryi Lemaire, Cactées 88. 1868.
On page 58, vol. 1, under Opuntia bigelovit, add to illustrations: MacDougal, Bot. N.
Amer. Des. pl. 47: Shreve, Veg. Des. Mt. Range pl. 4; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 10;
Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2607; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 4: pl. 40, B.
On page 61, vol. 1, under Opuntia cholla, insert: Opuntia chella (Index Kew. Suppl.
I: 302) is a typographical error for O. cholla.
On page 62, vol. 1, under Opuntia versicolor, add to illustrations: Carnegie Inst.
Wash. 269: pl. 8, f. 81; pl. 9; MacDougal, Bot. N. Amer. Des. pl. 58; Plant World 9”: f. 50.
On page 63, vol. 1, under Opuntia imbricata, add the synonym: Cactus imbricatus
Lemaire, Cactées 88. 1868. Also add to distribution: Oklahoma.
Insert: Rydberg (Fl. Rocky Mountains 576. 1917) reports this species from Utah
under the name of Opuntia arborescens; we have seen no specimens of it from Utah.
Insert: Cactus subquadriflorus Mocifio and Sessé (De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 471. 1828),
given as a synonym of Opuntia rosea, doubtless belongs here. Schumann’s reference, C.
quadriflorus, is incorrect. C. subquadrifolius (Cactaceae 3: 65) is a clerical error.
Add to illustrations: Dict. Gard. Nicholson Suppl. 179. f. 195, as Opuntia decipiens;
Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 581. f. 52, as O. rosea; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2608; Engler
and Drude, Veg. Erde 13: f. 28, in part; Gartenwelt 4: 159, as O. arborescens; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 58: Beibl. 129: 33. f. ro.
On page 66, vol. 1, under Opuntia tunicata, add to illustrations: Garden 13: 107,*
as Opuntia exuviata; MOllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 7; Goebel, Pflanz.
Schild. 1: f. 36, as O. stapeliae; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. to: pl. 17, f. a.
On page 68, vol. 1, under Opuntia fulgida, add to illustrations: MacDougal, Bot.
N. Amer. Des. pl. 57, as Opuntia mamullata; MacDougal, Bot. N. Amer. Des. pl. 87.
On page 68, vol. 1, under Opuntia spinosior, insert: This plant is sometimes found in
the trade as Opuntia arborescens spinosior (see Grassner).
Add to illustrations: Emory, Mil. Reconn. App. 2. f. 10, as Opuntia arborescens;
Shreve, Veg. Des. Mt. Range pl. 2, a.
On page 71, vol. 1, under Opuntia vestita, insert: Illustration: Méllers Weatsehe Gart.
Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 8.
On page 73, vol. 1, under Opuntia clavarioides, add to illustrations: Garden 13: 107,
as Opuntia clavarioides cristata; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 106; Mollers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 15: 67; 25: 476. f. 9, No. 19; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 59;
Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 28: f. 18; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 32: 131.
On page 73, vol. 1, under Opuntia salmiana, insert: Extend range to central Argentina
and habit to rocky hillsides (according to W. B. Alexander).
On page 75, vol. 1, under Opuntia subulata, add to illustrations: Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 8: 32, as Pereskia subulata; Haage and Schmidt, Haupt-Verz. Kakteen 1919: 169;
Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 35; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 15.
On page 78, vol. 1, under Opuntia cylindrica, add to illustrations: Mollers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 12; Gartenwelt 15: 539; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden
Kakteen 107; Cact. Journ. 1: 100; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 42. f. 4, as Opuntia cylin-
drica_cristata; Wiener Illustr. Gartenz. 29: f. 22, No. 10; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 88;
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 71; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 42. f. 3.
*This illustration is very poor and is only tentatively referred here. If native to California, as one might infer
from the account which accompanies the illustration, it may refer to a form of Opuntia prolzfera or O. echinocarpa.
APPENDIX. 255
On page 80, vol. 1, under Opuntia stanlyi, add the synonym: Cactus emoryi Lemaire,
Cactées 88. 1868.
Also add to illustrations: Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 38. f. 1, as Opuntia emoryt;
Nat. Geogr. Mag. 21: pl. on p. 716, as O. kunzet.
On page 80, vol. 1, under Opuntia schotti, insert: Opuntia greggit occurs only in
Schumann’s Index (Gesamtb. Kakteen 829) with page reference to O. schottii greggii.
On page 81, vol. 1, under Opuntia clavata, insert the synonym: Cactus clavatus Lemaire,
Cactées 88. 1868.
Add to illustrations: Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2605.
On page 82, vol. 1, under Opuntia pulchella, add to illustration: MacDougal, Bot.
N. Amer. Des. pl. 26, as O. pusilla.
On page 83, vol. 1, under Opuntia bulbispina, insert: Cactus bulbispinus Lemaire.
(Cactées 88. 1868) was intended as a synonym of this species.
On page 89, vol. 1, under Opuntia glomerata, insert: Extend range to central and
northern Argentina.
Insert: Tephrocactus polyacanthus (Index Kewensis Suppl. 1: 421) was intended for
T. platyacanthus Lemaire (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 915. 1885).
Add to illustrations: Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 1 and 2. 257. f. 97; ed. 3. f. 60, as
Opuntia papyracantha; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 2: 503. f. 755; Mdollers Deutsche Girt.
Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 1, as O. platyacantha; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 45. f. 7, as O.
andicola; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 60; Rev. Hort. Belg. 40: after 186; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk.
44. f. 6; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 2, as O. diademata.
On page 92, vol. 1, under Opuntia aoracantha, add to illustrations: Schelle, Handb
Kakteenk. 44. f. 5.
On page 93, vol. 1, under Opuntia hickeni1, insert: Mr. W. B. Alexander suggests that
Opuntia platyacantha Spegazzini (not Salm-Dyck) is probably a synonym of this species,
On page 94, vol. I, insert:
64a. Opuntia wetmorei sp. nov.
Forming low mounds of considerable extent with hundreds of branches; joints 4 to 10 cm.
long, terete, turgid, 2. cm. in diameter or less, slightly tapering towards each end, dull green, but
Fic. 234.—Opuntia wetmorei, fruit, stem, and seeds.
256 THE CACTACEAE.
dull purple around and especially below the areoles; leaves subtending the minute areoles, 1 to
2 mm. long, caducous; areoles circular, bearing tawny or white wool when young; glochids short,
yellowish; spines numerous, very unequal, scarcely pungent, white to straw-colored or brownish,
3 or 4 of lower ones almost hair-like, reflexed or appressed to joints, 3 or 4 of uppermost erect or
ascending, flattened, 2 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers not known; immature fruit glabrous at first, dull
green, becoming reddish purple especially about the areoles, 3 cm. long, bearing long white bristly
spines, especially from upper areoles, deeply umbilicate.
Collected by W. B. Alexander in the barranca of the Tunuy4én River near Tunuy4n,
Mendoza, Argentina, March 22 and 23, 1921.
This species is perhaps nearest Opuntia darwini1. We are under great obligation to
W. B. Alexander for sending us very fine living plants by Alexander Wetmore, who brought
them to us directly from Argentina. Mr. Wetmore was with Mr. Alexander when the
plant was collected and he has given us a word picture of the plant; we take pleasure in
naming the species for him, not only in recognition of this service but also for obtaining
other valuable specimens of cacti.
Figure 234 is from a photograph of the type plant, one-half natural size.
On page 95, vol. 1, under Opuntia corrugata, insert: Tephrocactus rectrospinus (Index
Kewensis Suppl. 1: 421) is a misspelling for 7. rectrospinosus Lemaire.
Also insert: Illustrations: M@llers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 11; 488. f.
22, No. 8.
On page 95, vol. 1, under Opuntia ovata, add:
Opuntia pusilla Salm-Dyck (Observ. Bot. 3: 10. 1822. Not Haworth, 1812) was
referred by Schumann to O. corrugata. We have seen a photograph of Haworth’s specimen
(bearing the date November 8, 1824) which seems to answer to Salm-Dyck’s plant which
we would refer here.
On page 96, vol. 1, under Opuntia sphaerica, add the synonym: Opuntia ovata leonina
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 46. 1907.
Also add to illustrations: Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 7: 313, as Opuntia leonina; Schelle,
Handb. Kakteenk. 46. f. 8, as O. grata leonina.
On page 97, vol. 1, under Opuntia pentlandii, add the synonym: Cactus bolivianus
Lema re, Cactées 88. 1868.
Also add to illustrations: Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. 106. f. 54; Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 7:
312; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 58. f. 16, as Opuntia boliviana; Méllers Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 14.
On page 99, vol. I, insert:
76a. Opuntia alexanderi sp. nov.
Low, depressed, forming a small clump; joints readily detached, grayish green,'strongly tubercled,
globose, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, nearly hidden by the numerous spines; areoles small, close together,
circular; spines 4 to 12, up to 4 cm. long, flexible, white below, dark above or with black tips,
scurfy-pubescent even in age; flowers not known; fruit red, dry, obovoid, 2 cm. long, lower areoles
not spiny, but upper ones bearing 2 to 8 long, white, erect, weak spines overtopping the fruit;
umbilicus of fruit depressed; seeds white, 5 to 6 mm. broad.
Collected by W. B. Alexander, between Chilecito and Fanatina, province of La Rioja,
Argentina, February 19, 1921. Mr. Alexander studied this species in the field but could |
not identify it and sent it to us for study. It belongs to the subgenus Tephrocactus, but is
not near any of the known species. We take great pleasure in naming it for Mr. Alexander,
who has extensively studied the cacti in Argentina.
On page 100, vol. 1, under Pumilae, add to distribution: Venezuela.
On page 100, vol. 1, under Opuntia pumila, insert: Illustration: Méllers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 476.f. 9, No. 5.
APPENDIX. 257
On page 101, vol. 1, under Opuntia pubescens, add the synonym: Cactus pubescens
Lemaire, Cactées 87. 1868.
On page 102, vol. 1, under Opuntia curassavica, add to illustrations: Dillenius, Hort.
Elth. 2: pl. 295, as tuna; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. 413. f. 6897, as Cactus curassavicus; Knorr,
Thesaurus pl. 0.2.
On page 102, vol. I, insert:
80a. Opuntia abjecta Small, sp. nov.
Prostrate, often growing in large irregular patches on almost bare limestone or where some
sand and humus has accumulated, irregularly branched; joints suborbicular, sometimes nearly
subglobose, oval, or broadly obovate, mostly 4 to 8 cm. long, very thick, frequently turgid, light
green, loosely attached to each other; leaves ovoid to conic-ovoid, 2 to 3 mm. long, ascending and
slightly curved upward, green or purplish; glochids yellowish; spines setaceous-acicular, mostly
solitary, brown, or reddish purple, mottled light and dark, becoming chalky gray when dry; the
larger ones 2 to 6 cm. long; flowers usually solitary on a joint; berry urceolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
somewhat tuberculate, red or purple-red, rounded at base; umbilicus relatively broad, concave;
seeds few, flattish, about 4 mm. wide.
On edge of hammock, southern end of Big Pine Key, Florida. Type collected in May
1921 by J. K. Small, preserved in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
Similar to Opuntia drummondi but with shorter joints, longer and more slender
spines, and different fruit.
On page 105, vol. 1, under Opuntia drummondit, add to illustration: Journ. Elisha
Mitchell Sci. Soc. 34: pl. 13, 14.
On page 105, vol. 1, under Opuntia tracy1, insert:
Type Locality: Biloxi, Mississippi. Distribution: Southern Mississippi, southeastern
Georgia to northern Florida.
2
On page 105, vol. I, insert:
86a. Opuntia impedata Small, sp. nov.
‘Prostrate, ultimately copiously branched, the joints often piled several layers deep and forming
viciously armed mats, elliptic or oblong, mostly 7 to 15 cm. long, rather thick, pale green; leaves
258 THE CACTACEAE.
stout-subulate, 4 to 6 mm. long, erect or ascending, slightly curved upward, dark green; glochids
brownish; spines subulate, usually numerous, solitary or 2 together, light gray, except the brown
tip, salmon-colored when dry, and faintly banded when wet; flowers often several on a joint;
ovary obconic, nearly terete; sepals green, outer lanceolate to ovate, 4 to 8 mm. long, acuminate,
the inner much larger, with shoulders of very broad body narrowed into stoutish tip; corolla bright
yellow, 4.5 to 5.5 cm. wide; petals about 12, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, broadly obovate to cuneate-obovate,
broadly rounded at apex, mucronate; anthers nearly 2 mm. long; berry clavate, about 3 cm. long,
narrowed at base; umbilicus rather small, somewhat concave; seeds rather few, 4 to 4.5 mm. in
diameter.
Sand dunes, northeastern Florida. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden; collected on dunes at Atlantic Beach, Florida, in April 1921, by J. K. Small.
Dr. Small notes that the stiff spines may penetrate leather shoes and that the plant
is very prolific, both vegetatively and through its fruit.
Figure 235 is from a photograph taken by Dr. Small of the type plant.
On page 110, vol. I, insert:
Series 3a. PISCIFORMES.
Plants in dense colonies with turgid, very spiny, narrow, deep green joints, the spines conspicu-
ously long and slender, salmon-colored in the first year, gray in the second; flowers numerous,
bright yellow; berry turbinate-obovoid, 4 cm. long or less. The only species inhabits Florida.
96a. Opuntia pisciformis Small, sp. nov.
Prostrate, copiously branched, forming dense mats often 1 to 3 meters in diameter, with joints
piled several layers deep, roots fibrous; joints narrowly elliptic, linear-elliptic, or spatulate, mostly
Avge C5
Fic: 236.—Opuntia pisciformis.
1 to 3 dm. long, very thick, deep green, readily detached; leaves stout-subulate, 2 to 4 mm. long,
incurved; areoles rather prominent, mostly armed; spines solitary or 2 or 3 together, cream-colored,
becoming salmon-colored and gray with a dark tip when dry, salmon when wet, the longer ones 5
to 6 cm. long; flowers numerous; ovary turbinate, angular and tuberculate; sepals green, the outer
lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, 9 to 12 mm. long, acuminate, the inner much larger, the broad
ovate or suborbicular base broadly tapering into the very stout tip; corolla bright yellow, 6 to 7.5
cm. wide; petals about 12, 3 to 4 cm. long, broadly cuneate, mostly truncate or emarginate at apex,
mucronate; anthers nearly 2 mm. long; berry broadly turbinate-obovoid, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, purple,
narrowed at base, the umbilicus deeply concave; seeds rather numerous, 5 to 5.5 mm. in diameter.
APPENDIX. : 259
Sand dunes, estuary of the Saint Johns River, Florida. Type in the herbarium of the
New York Botanical Garden; collected on dunes at Atlantic Beach, Florida, in April 1921,
by J. K. Small,
Figure 236 is from a photograph by Dr. Small of the type plant.
On page 113, vol. 1, under Opuntia tuna, in first line read 1769 as 1768.
Add the synonyms: Cactus horridus Salisbury, Prodr. 348. 1796; Opuntia tuna
humilior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 66. 1860:
Insert: Opuntia maidenit Griffiths (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 46: 201. 1919) described from
a cultivated plant sent from Australia and grown at Chico, California, seems referable to
this species.
Add to illustrations: Loudon, Encyel. Pl. 411. f. 6880, as Cactus polyanthos; Monats-
schr. Kakteenk. 6: 25, as Opuntia polyantha; Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 7: 447, as O. humilis;
Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. f. 62; Cact. Journ. 2: 169; Useful Wild Plants U. S. Canada, opp.
18, 108, 174; Stand Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2599; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 51. f. 13;
Remark, Kakteenfreund 24.
On page 115, vol. 1, under Opuntia antillana, insert: Opuntia domingensis appears
without description in Urban’s Symbolae (8: 466. 1920). It was a manuscript name for
which O. antillana was substituted.
On page 117, vol. 1, under Opuntia decumbens, add to illustrations: Bull. U. S. Dept.
Agr. 31: pl. 7, f. 1, as Opuntia puberula; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 3.
On page 119, vol. 1, under Opuntia basilaris, insert: Opuntia dorffit is advertised by
Haage and Schmidt (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: September). We have had a cutting
which we would refer to one of the forms of O. basilarts.
Also add to illustrations: Cact. Journ. 2: 163, as Opuntia basilaris albiflora; Cact.
Journ. 1: pl. for October; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 13, as O. basilaris
cordata; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25:f. 9, No. 9, as O. basilaris minima; Watson, Cact.
Cult. ed. 3. f. 53; Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 7: 312; Remark, Kakteenfreund 23; Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 7: 125; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4:f. 2597; Gartenflora 31: 280; Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk. 47. f. 10.
On page 121, vol. 1, under Opuntia microdasys, add to illustrations: Méllers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 488. f. 2, No. 4, as Opuntia microdasys monstrosa; Garden 13: 107,*
O. pubescens; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 47. f. 9; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476.
f. 9, No. 16; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 2: pl. 22, B.
On page 123, vol. 1, under Opuntia pycnantha, insert: Opuntia pycnacantha (Just’s
Jahresb. 24”: 380. 18) seems to have been a misspelling for O. pycnantha.
On page 127, vol. 1, under Opuntia opuntia, add the synonym: Opuntia compressa
Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. 11. 65: 41. 1922.
Also add to illustrations: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb: 21: pl. 23, B; Bailey, Sand Dunes
Indiana 94; Ann. Inst. Roy. Hort. Fromont 2: pl. 1, f. F; Deutsches Mag. Gart. Blumen.
1869: pl. 17. opp. 257; Kraemer, Appl. Econ. Bot. f. 341, as Opuntia vulgaris; Watson,
Cact. Cult. 212. f. 84; Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethn. 33: pl. 20, a; Clements and Clements,
Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 32, f. 6; Clements, Fl. Mount. Plain pl. 32, f. 7, as O. humifusa; Wiener,
Ill. Gart. Zeit. 2: 40. f. 10, as O. rafinesquiana; Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 7: 447; Wiener II],
Gart. Zeit. 2: f. 112, as O. rafinesquiana arkansana; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. f. 61,
* This illustration is very poor and the identification is based largely upon the description.
260 THE CACTACEAE.
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 50. f. 12; Belg. Hort. 26: pl. 8; Illustr. Hort. 15: pl. opp. 51;
Deutsches Mag. Gart. Blumen. 1869: pl. 17, opp. 257, as O. rafinesquei; Kraemer, Appl.
Econ. Bot. f. 341.
On page 130, vol. I, insert:
121a. Opuntia eburnispina Small, sp. nov.
Prostrate, widely branched and forming mats on dune sands, with tuberous roots; joints oval
or suborbicular, varying to broadest above middle, thickish, 6 to 13 cm. long, pale green, somewhat
shining, especially when young; leaves ovoid-subulate, 4 to 5 mm. long, pale green, recurved-
spreading; spines relatively stout, 2 to 4 at an areole or sometimes solitary, 1 to 2 cm. long, ivory-
white with yellowish tips when young, becoming dark gray, not spirally twisted, greenish when wet;
flowers few; ovary obconic; sepals triangular, green, 5 to 7 mm. long; corolla clear yellow, 4 to 5
em. wide; petals few, narrowly cuneate, often minutely pointed; berries obovoid, 2 cm. long or less.
Coastal sands, Cape Romano, Florida. Type specimens in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden; collected in May 1922, by J. K. Small.
Figure 237 is from a photograph by Dr. Small of the type plant.
«
LS
at ae ae
Fic. 237.—Opuntia eburnispina.
On page 131, vol. 1, under Opuntia macrorhiza, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact.
Cult. ed. 3. f. 59; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 580. f. 50, 51.
On page 131, vol. I, under Opuntia tortispina, add the synonym: Opuntia cymochila
montana Englemann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 296. 1856.
Also add to distribution: Southeastern Colorado. Established and slowly spreading
east of Cincinnati, Ohio (E. T. Wherry).
Also add to illustrations: Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. pl. opp. 102; Meehans’ Monthly
II: 57, as Opuntia mesacantha; Meehans’ monthly 5: 172, as O. oplocarpa.
On page 134, vol. 1, Opuntia sulphurea, insert: Mr. W. B. Alexander writes as follows
concerning this species:
“This is by far the commonest species of Opuntia in the Argentine, where it is commonly
known as ‘penca,’ i. e. the spiny plant, sometimes being distinguished from other larger species by
the name ‘penquilla’ or ‘penca chica.’ The writer met with it in the provinces of Buenos Aires,
Cérdoba, San Luis, Mendoza, San Juan, La Rioja, Catamarca and Santiago del Estero.”
Add to illustrations: Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 28: f. 17, as Opuntia maculacantha;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 18.
APPENDIX. 261
On page 134, vol. 1, under Opuntia soehrensi1, add the synonyms: Cactus ayrampo
Azara, Voy. 2: 526. 1809; Opuntia haenquiana Herrera, Rev. Univ. Cuzco 8: 60. 1919.
Also insert: Azara’s original description is interesting and a translation of it is given:
“A species of tunilla (cactus) which is found in the temperate gorges near the Cordillera
produces the seed in question. The plant is found in arid and sterile soil where ordinarily this
family of plants grows and thrives by creeping on the ground in such a way as to stifle all the others.
From the seed confined within the round and spiny fruit is derived a color of a clear violet, brilliant
and extremely agreeable to the eye but very superficial and very light, although it acquires a little
stability and durability by the means of alum and some other chemicals.”’
On page 135, vol. I, insert:
129a. Opuntia macbridei sp. nov.
A low bush, 6 dm. high, forming broad impenetrable thickets on gravelly river flats; joints
obovate, 6 to 8 em. broad, 8 to 15 cm. long, glabrous, at first light green, in age dark green; leaves
minute, 1 to 2 mm. long, caducous; areoles on young joints hemispheric, brown-felted and with
—
Fic. 238.—Opuntia macbridei.
brown glochids, on old joints 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines 2 to 4, in age gray to horn-colored, with
yellowish tips, very unequal, the longest up to 5 cm. long, stout-subulate; flowers very small, orange
to orange-red; petals only 4 to 5 mm. long; ovary tuberculate, bearing many brown-felted tubercles
but without spines, deeply umbilicate; fruit deeply umbilicate, red to purple.
Collected by Macbride and Featherstone at Huanuco, Peru, altitude 2,300 meters,
August 28 to September 3, 1922 (No. 2365, type), and April 8, 1923 (No. 3250).
Mr. Macbride states that the seeds are brown. All the fruits we have seen were
sterile; these sterile fruits on falling to the ground take root and form new plants.
This interesting plant, which proves to be undescribed, we have named for Mr. J.
Francis Macbride, who led the Botanical Expedition of 1922 to South America, sent out
by the Field Museum of Natural History, under the Captain Marshall Field fund.
Figure 238 is from a photograph showing the habit of this plant.
On page 135, vol. 1, under Opuntia penicilligera, insert: Mr. W. B. Alexander sends
us the following account of this plant:
“This plant was met with close to the coast at Bahia Blanca, and near the foot of the Andes at
Tunuyan. As remarked by Spegazzini, this species is very distinct from any other found in Argentina
and there seems no reason for thinking that it may belong to the Series Sulphureae in which it is
262 THE CACTACEAE.
tentatively placed in the Cactaceae. It should surely either be the type of a separate series or be
placed in the Series Basilares, to the members of which, judging by illustrations, it shows great
resemblance.”
On page 138, vol. 1, under Opuntia pottsi1, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact. Cult.
ed. 3. f. 58; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 580. f. 49, as Opuntia filipendula.
On page 145, vol. 1, under Opuntia phaeacantha, add to illustrations: Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 7: 447, as Opuntia camanchica; Meehans’ Monthly 11: 57, as O. phaeacantha major;
Shreve, Veg. Des. Mt. Range pl. 5, a, as O. toumey1; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 58.
On page 147, vol. 1, under Opuntia engelmannit, add the synonym: Opuntia engelmanni
discata C. Z. Nelson, Trans. Ill. State Acad. Sci. 12: 124. 1919.
Also add to illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: pl. for February; 2: 162, as Opuntia engel-
mannii cristata; Gard. Chron. mt. 39: 148. f. 58; Plant World 9”: f. 49; Shreve, Veg. Des.
Mt. Range pl. 5, B; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2601; Scientific Month. 17: 70, 71, 72.
On page 149, vol. 1, under Opuntia discata, add to illustrations: Carnegie Inst. Wash.
269: pl. ro, f. 87.
On page 153, vol. 1, under Opuntia bergeriana, add to illustrations: Gartenwelt 11: 75.
On page 153, vol. 1, under Opuntia elatior, add to illustrations: London, Encycl. Pl. ed.
3. 411. f. 6879, as Cactus nigricans.
On page 155, vol. 1, under Opuntia boldinghi1, add to distribution: Chacachacare and
Patos Islands, Trinidad.
On page 156, vol. 1, under Opuntia vulgaris, insert: Opuntia gracilior (Index Kewensis
3: 357- 1894) is a mistake for O. monacantha gracilior Lemaire.
Add to illustrations: Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 20, as Opuntia
monacantha variegata; Pl. Utiles Madagascar 124. f. 39; 125. f. 39.
On page 158, vol. 1, under Opuntia arechavaletai, add to illustration: Karsten and
Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 11: pl. 17.
On page 158, vol. 1, under Opuntia bonaerensis, insert: Mr. W. B. Alexander writes of
this species as follows:
This species was seen only on rocky slopes in the Sierra de la Ventana in the south of the
province of Buenos Aires. It is known only from the few Sierras which rise from the pampas in
the east of the province. There is little doubt that it is nearly related to Opuntia vulgaris Miller
(O. monacantha Haworth) which was found by the writer at Rio de Janeiro and is familiar in
Australia.
Add to illustration: Anal. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 5: pl. 33, as Opuntia chakensis.
On page 159, vol. 1, insert after Opuntia scheert: Opuntia diversispina Griffiths (Bull.
Torr. Club 46: 197. pl. 9. 1919) grown from seed of unknown origin at Brownsville, Texas,
is described as similar to O. scheeri and in the accompanying illustration the joints resemble
those of that species.
On page 160, vol. 1, Opuntia chlorotica, add to illustrations: Bull. N. Mex. Coll. Agr. .
No. 78. pl. [4]; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2600.
On page 161, vol. 1, under Opuntia laevis, add to illustrations: MacDougal, Bot. N.
Amer. Des. pl. 56.
On page 163, vol. 1, under Opuntia dillenti, add to illustrations: Garden 13: 107,* as
Opuntia crassa; Bull. Torr. Club 46: pl. 10, as O. maritima; Lindley, Veg. King. ed. 3. 746.
f. 498, No. 1, 2: Knorr, Thesaurus pl. 0; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. f. 56.
On page 163, vol. I, insert:
174a. Opuntia ochrocentra Small, sp. nov.
; Erect, 1 meter tall or less, much branched or sometimes diffuse, with fibrous roots; joints
elliptic to oval, varying to broadest above the middle, 1 to 3 dm. long, thickish, light green, not
* This illustration is not very good for this species. It is, however, the same one that Nicholson used (f. 757)
and that W. Watson used (f. 86) as Opuntia tuna, which we have referred here.
APPENDIX. 263
repand; leaves ovoid, 2 to 4 mm. long, often purplish; areoles rather prominent; glochids yellowish
brown; spines 5 to 6 together or sometimes fewer on new joints, yellow, stiff, subulate, reflexed,
becoming gray when dry, yellowish green when wet, straight, the longer ones 4.6 to 5 cm. long;
flowers rather few; ovary turbinate, even; sepals often purple-tinged, deltoid to rhombic-orbicular
or rhombic-reniform, acute; corolla bright lemon-yellow, 7 to 8.5 cm. wide; petals few, cuneate,
somewhat crisped; berry obovoid, red, about 2 cm. long.
On edge of hammock, southeastern end of Big Pine Key, Florida. Type specimens
collected in December 1921, by J. K. Small, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden.
Related to O. dilleni, differing in shape of the joints, which are not repand, and the
strongly reflexed, scarcely flattened spines.
On page 166, vol. 1, under Opuntia lindheimerz, add to illustrations: Journ. Hered.
Washington, 6*: f. 19, as Opuntia ellisiana; Journ. Hered. Washington 6%: f. 15, 16, as
O. cacanapa; Journ. Hered. Washington 67: f. 17, 18; as O. subarmata; Journ. Hered.
Washington 5: 223. f. 13; Schulz, 500 Wild Fl. San Antonio pl. 12.
Also insert: Dr. Small has found this plant established, after cultivation, in pine
lands west of Halenville, Florida.
On page 167, vol. 1, under Opuntia cantabrigiensis, add to illustrations: Gartenwelt
Io: 560; Gard. Chron. 111. 33: 98. f. 42.
Also insert: Professor Duncan S. Johnson found this species naturalized on sand
dunes at Beaufort, North Carolina, in 1899, and Doctor Small studied it there in 1922.
At Cambridge, England, it has passed through many winters out of doors.
On page 168, vol. 1, under Opuntia beckeriana, insert: Opuntia prostrata spinosior
(Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 723. 1898) seems to have been a garden name which
Schumann would refer to O. beckeriana.
On page 173, vol. 1, under Opuntia tomentosa, add to illustrations: Blane, Cacti 82.
No. 2200, as Opuntia lurida; Reiche, Elem. Bot. f. 165; Gartenwelt 11: 75.
On page 175, vol. 1, under Opuntia leucotricha, add to illustrations: Mollers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 4, as Opuntia leucacantha; Cassell’s Dict. Gard. 2: 138; Bull.
U.S. Dept. Agr. 31: pl. 6, f. 2; pl. 7, f. 2; U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 262: pl. 4;
Ol, Gp tis We
Insert: Dr. John K. Small has found this plant naturalized in a hammock south of
Fort Pierce, Florida, where it is reported as established during the Seminole wars.
On page 176, vol. 1, under Opuntia orbiculata, add to the illustrations: Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk. 48. f. 11, as Opuntia crintfera; Gartenwelt 11: 76, as O. lanigera.
In third line of description on page 177 read cm. as dm.
On page 178, vol. 1, under Opuntia ficus-indica, add to illustration: Engler and Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. 3: f.57, H; Gard. Chron. 11. 34: 89. f. 34; 92. f. 42; Karsten, Deutsche F1.
- 887. f. 501. No. 10, 11; ed. 2. 2: 456. f. 605. No. 10, 11; Journ. Dept. Agr. S. Austr. 13: 764;
Garten-Zeitung 4: 182. f. 42, No. 1; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 4: f. 2598; Watson, Cact.
Cult. ed. 3. f. 57.
On page 180, vol. 1, under Opuntia maxima, add the synonym: Cactus maximus Colla,
Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino 33: 140. 1826 (?).
Also insert: Illustration: Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 488. f. 22, No. 3, as Opuntia
labouretiana.
On page 181, vol. 1, under Opuntia hernandezi1, insert: Opuntia hernandezi1 first
appeared in De Candolle’s Prodromus (3: 474. 1828).
Also insert: Nopal silvestre Thierry (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 929. 1885) is cited as
a synonym of Opuntia hernandezii. ‘This reference is given also in the Index Kewensis.
Also insert: Illustration: Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 930. f. 128.
On page 184, vol. 1, under Opuntia streptacantha, add to illustrations: Useful Wild Pl.
U.S. Canada opp. 18, 108, 174, as Opuntia tuna.
264 THE CACTACEAE.
On page 185, vol. 1, under Opuntia megacantha, insert: Opuntia effulgia Griffiths (Bull.
Torr. Club 46: 195. 1919) was obtained from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and grown at Chico,
California; O. hispanica Griffiths (Bull. Torr. Club 46: 198. 1919) was described from a plant
received from Spain and grown at Chico; O. chata Griffiths (Bull. Torr. Club 46: 199. 1919),
from Aguascalientes, Mexico, was grown at Brownsville, Texas, and at Chico; O. obovata
Griffiths (Bull. Torr. Club 46: 202. 1919) from Hepasote, Mexico, was also grown at
Brownsville and at Chico; O. amarilla Griffiths (Bull. Torr. Club 46: 205. 1919) was
obtained in cultivation at Cardenas, Mexico, and grown at Chico. These are known to us
only from descriptions and appear to be races of O. megacantha or of some of the related
tall, white-spined species.
Add to illustrations: Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1917: pl. 16, f. 2.
On page 191, vol. 1, under Opuntia robusta, insert: Opuntia cyanea Griffiths (Bull. Torr.
Club 46: 196. 1919) judging from the original description may be related to O. robusta.
Add to illustrations: Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3: f. 56, G, as Opuntia albicans.
On page 194, vol. 1, Opuntia fragilis, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact. Cult. ed.
3. f. 55; Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 7: 313; Remark, Kakteenfreund 22, as Opuntia brachyarthra;
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 56. f. 15, as O. fragilis brachyarthra; Meehans’ Monthly 11: 57.
On page 195, vol. 1, under Opuntia arenaria, add to illustration: Meehans’ Monthly
TES E776
On page 195, vol. 1, Opuntia erinacea, add the synonym: Opuntia ursus horribilis
Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 152. 1899.
Also add to illustrations: Cact. Journ. 1: 93, as Opuntia; Méllers Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 1c; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 3: 1149. f. 1548; Stand. Cycl. Hort.
Bailey 4: 2363. f. 2603, as O. ursina; Meehans’ Monthly 4: 9; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14:
105; N. Amer. Fauna 7: pl. 11, as O. rutila.
On page 198, vol. 1, under Opuntia rhodantha, add to illustrations: Monatssch?
Kakteenk. 30: 153, as Opuntia xanthostemma.
On page 199, vol. 1, under Opuntia polyacantha, add the synonym: Opuntia missouri-
ensis watsonit Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 735. 1898.
Also insert: Extend range to northwestern Oklahoma.
Add to illustrations: Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: pl. opp. 13; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk.
54. f. 14, as Opuntia missouriensis; MOllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 6, as O.
schweriniana ; Scientific American 124: 492; Meehans’ Monthly 11: 57; Stand. Cycl. Hort.
Bailey 4: f. 2604.
On page 201, vol. 1, under Opuntia grandis, add to illustration: The Garden 62: 425;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. 25: 476. f. 9, No. 17.
On page 203, vol. 1, under Opuntia nashi1, insert: Illustration: Journ. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 6: f. 3.
On page 204, vol. 1, Opuntia spinosissima, insert at end: A species of this series,
Spinosissimae, occurs on Navassa Island off the southeastern point of Haiti; specimens were
sent us by Mr. F. P. Dillan, Superintendent of Light Houses, San Juan, Porto Rico, but
they are not complete enough to be specifically referred.
On page 206, vol. 1, under Opuntia moniliformis, add the synonyms: Cactus reticulatus
Index Kewensis 1: 369. 1893;* Opuntia reticulata Karsten, Deutsche FI. ed. 2. 2:
457. 1895; Opuntia picardae Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 35. 1919.
On page 208, vol. 1, under Opuntia rubescens, add to illustration: Carnegie Inst.
Wash. 269: pl. ro, f. 90. 91, as Opuntia catacantha.
*The Index Kewensis refers Cactus reticulatus to Descourtilz (Fl. Med. Antill. 1: pl. 68), but the formal name
was not used by him.
APPENDIX. 265
On page 209, vol. 1, under Opuntia brasiliensis, add to distribution: Peru.
Insert: Opuntia brasiliensis gracilior Salm-Dyck was given by Férster (Handb. Cact.
500. 1846) as a synonym of O. brasiliensis minor.
Also insert: Dr. Small has found this plant established after planting on shell mounds
and waste places in southern Florida.
Add to illustrations: Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 37, 38.
On page 211, vol. 1, under Ammophilae, substitute for characters of the series:
Erect species, sometimes with a definite continuous trunk, often much branched, the joints
broad and flat, spiny or unarmed, the spines (when present) subulate or subulate-acicular, whitish,
gray or reddish, the large flowers yellow.
The series now appears to be most nearly related to the Series Tortispinae (vol. 1:
126) and may be placed to follow it as series 7a. Opuntia austrina Small, of southern
Florida, may be transferred from the Tortispinae to the Ammophulae.
On page 211, vol. 1, under Opuntia ammophila, insert: More recent collections of this
plant by Dr. Small, show that its range extends south to Cape Romano, Florida, and that
the definite trunk, at first taken as characteristic of it, is not always developed; his living
plants from different stations show slight individual differences which do not appear to
be specific. This species has been erroneously referred by Dr. Griffiths (Bull. Torr. Club
46: 201) to Opuntia bartramii Rafinesque.
On page 213, vol. I, insert:
239a. Opuntia turgida Small, sp. nov.
Plant erect, more or less diffusely branched, 0.5 meter tall or less, with fibrous roots; joints
elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, thickish, deep green, sometimes slightly glaucous
when young; leaves subulate, 6 to 10 mm. long, spreading and more or less recurved, green, some-
times accompanied by fine bristles, but without spines; areoles scattered, often prominent and
densely bristly on the older joints; spines (as far as known) wanting; flowers often several on a joint;
ovary obovoid or obconic-obovoid, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, slightly tubercled; sepals green or purple-
tinged, the outer subulate to lanceolate, 4 to 10 mm. long, acute, the inner rhombic-ovate, fully
1.5 cm. long, stout-pointed; corolla bright yellow, 5.5 to 6.5 cm. wide; petals 10 to 12, about 3 cm.
long, broadly cuneate, abruptly narrowed, rounded or subtruncate at the apex, mucronate; anthers
2 mm. long; berry obovoid, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, greenish purple, even, broadly rounded at the base,
the umbilicus flat or a little depressed at the middle; seeds rather numerous, about 4 mm. in
diameter, somewhat turgid.
Hammocks near Yulee and on the mainland along the Halifax River south of Daytona,
Florida. Type collected about five miles south of Daytona, in December 1919, by J. K
Small, preserved in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
This spineless, small-jointed species is tentatively referred to the Series Ammophilae
on account of its fruit characters and erect habit. A plant sent from Kew to the New
York Botanical Garden in 1902, under an unpublished name, very closely resembles this
species. -
On page 214, vol. I, insert the following:
Opuntia napolea, offered for sale by Grassner (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. February 1920)
we have not seen.
The name Opuntia spirocentra Engelmann and Bigelow (Haage, Verz. Cact. 30),
found in the Index Kewensis, we have not been able to verify. As the name is credited to
Engelmann and Bigelow and the habitat of the plant is said to be New Mexico it is doubtless
an error and probably was intended for O. macrocentra. _
Opuntia todari (Haage and Schmidt, Haupt-Verz. 230. 1912) is known only in the trade.
266 THE CACTACEAE.
Cactus italicus referred by the Index Kewensis to Tenore (Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 2:
246. 1840) occurs first in 1831 (Tenore, Syll. Pl. Neop. 241) where also occurs the name
Opuntia ttalica. Both are unpublished but doubtless refer to some species of Opuntia.
CacTUS PARVIFOLIUS Ehrenberg in F. G. Dietrich, Vollst. Lex. Gaertn. 2: 416. 1802.
An upright, cylindrical, almost articulate stem; the upper part bedecked with small, cylindrical,
fleshy, pointed leaves; on lower part of the stem, at the place where the leaves are attached, stiff
bristles are formed which are surrounded at the base by a whitish-gray, woolly substance; in old age
the stem requires a support on account of its slender growth; if the stem is cut through in the middle
and the wound well dried, young sprouts make their appearance at this place which serve to
propagate the plant. South America is its home.
The above paragraph is a free translation of the description.
We have not been able to identify this plant, but it is probably some species of
Opuntia or possibly Tacinga funalis.
Cereus vulnerator Cortes (Fl. Colombia 69. 1897) and C. guasabara Cortes (FI.
Colombia 208. 1897) are different names for the same plant. From the brief descriptions
it is difficult to identify this plant but it certainly is not a Cereus. It suggests some
sheathed-spined Opuntia such as O. tunicata which has been introduced into South America
and is common in northern Ecuador. It is known as curuntilla or guasabara in Colombia.
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO VOLUME II.
On page 4, vol. 11, under Cereus hexagonus, add the synonyms: Cereus regalis Haworth,
Suppl. Pl. Succ. 75. 1819; Cactus regalis Sprengel, Syst. 2: 476. 1825; Cereus childsi Blane,
Cacti 39, No. 375.
Insert: Cereus cyaneus Hortus is listed by Berger (Hort. Mortola 69. 1912) as a
South American plant grown at La Mortola. From drawings sent by Berger it is probably
to be referred to C. hexagonus.
Add to illustrations: Andrews, Bot. Rep. 8: pl. 513; Reichenbach, Fl. Exot. pl. 322;
Van Géel, Sert. Bot. 1: pl. 114, as Cactus hexagonus; Blanc, Cacti 39. No. 375, as Cereus
chaldst.
On page 8, vol. 1, under Cereus jamacaru insert: Cereus caracore (Gosselin, Bull. Soc.
Acclim. France 51: 58. 1905) belongs to the group containing C. jamacaru, that is, it is a
true Cereus, according to Gosselin. He does not claim that it is a good species. No
species of Cereus, however, are natives of Chile, from which this plant is said to have come.
If indigenous to that country it is more likely to be Trichocereus chiloensis.
On page 9, vol. 11, under Cereus jamacaru, add to illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk.
26: 181; Karsten, Deutsche FI. ed. 2. 2: 456. f. 605, No. 8.
On page 11, vol. mu, under Cereus peruvianus, add the synonyms: Piptanthocereus
peruvianus Riccobono, Boll. R. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 232. 1909; Piptanthocereus peruvi-
anus monstruosus Riccobono, Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 233. 1909.
Also add to illustrations: Saint-Hilaire, Exp. Fam. Nat. 2: pl. 95, in part as f. 1(?);
De Candolle, Pl. Succ. Hist. 1: pl. 58, as Cactus peruvianus; Blanc, Cacti 36. No. 252;
Rother, Praktscher Leitfaden Kakteen 15, as Cereus peruvianus monstrosus; Karsten and
Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 1: pl. 41; 42,{.b; Gartenwelt 6: 133; Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. pl. 4,5;
Haage and Schmidt, Haupt-Verz. 1919: 134. f. 10737; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 5, 53.
On page 14, vol. 11, under Cereus pernambucensis, add to illustration: Remark,
Kakteenfreund 7, as Cereus formosus monstrosus.
On page 17, vol. u, under Cereus aethiops, add to illustrations: Férster, Handb.
Cact. ed. 2. 207. f. 15, as Cereus landbeckii; Blanc, Cacti 26. No. 27; Gartenwelt 16: 537,
as Cereus coerulescens.
APPENDIX. 267
On page 19, vol. I, insert:
25. Cereus trigonodendron Schumann, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 413. 1908.
Simple, or in age with a much branched top, 15 meters high; trunk 5 meters long, smooth,
3 dm. in diameter or more; ribs 3 to 6, 2 to 3 cm. high; areoles in young growth 2 to 3 cm. apart,
producing abundant white wool, 1 cm. long or more; spines 4 to 7, at first brown, subulate, 2
to 5.5 cm. long; flowers as in typical species of Cereus, 10 to 15 cm. long; fruit smooth, edible.
Type locality: Department of Loreto, Peru.
Distribution: Valleys of eastern Peru and Bolivia.
This species is briefly described on page 19 of volume 1 of The Cactaceae, but at
that time we knew little about it and were disposed to exclude it from the genus Cereus.
We have since had a photograph of the type specimen from Berlin. In December 1922
F. L. Herrera sent us flowers from the Santa Ana Valley, province of Convencién, Peru,
and in February 1923 we received herbarium specimens of branches and flowers from
W. E. Meyer, collected in 1922 at Cachucla-Esperanza, Boni, Bolivia. It is found only in
the Atlantic drainage of Peru and Bolivia and is therefore geographically within the range
of the genus Cereus as limited by us.
Illustration: Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4o: pl. ro.
Figure 239 is from a photograph sent by Dr. Vaupel from Berlin.
Fic. 239.—Cereus trigonodendron.
On page 20, vol. 11, add at end of page: Cereus amalonga and its variety cristata are
described in the Cactus Journal (2: 93, 104, 119) and both are illustrated in the plate for
August of that volume. They are said to have been imported from Mexico. We are
unable to identify these plants either from the descriptions or illustrations.
On page 21, vol. 1, under Cereus lormata, insert: We listed Cereus lormata among the
species unknown to us but we have since seen an illustration (Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 11:
pl. 3, in part) of a barren plant. It has about 1o vertical ribs with clusters of subulate
spines, some of them greatly elongated. It is probably not a true Cereus.
On page 21, vol. 11, at end of Cereus add: Cereus perviridis Weingart is advertised by
Haage & Schmidt (Cat. 1914). We have seen a cutting but do not know its relationship.
Cereus pitahaya variabilis Weingart (Monatschr. Kakteenk. 16: 158. 1906) is only a
form and is not described.
268 THE CACTACEAE.
Cereus roezlii Haage jr. (Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 64. f. 12. 1897) was described
as columnar with 9 obtuse ribs, 9 to 12 radial spines, and one central spine much larger than
the radials. Its flowers were unknown. It is said to come from the Andes of Peru or
Ecuador. It is probably some species of Lemaireocereus or Trichocereus.
Cereus stolonifer Weber is listed by Schumann (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 43. 1895) as a
plant grown in the Botanical Garden in Paris.
Cereus tripteris Salm-Dyck (De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 468. 1828) was described from barren
plants of unknown origin and has never been identified.
Cereus uspenski Haage jr. is mentioned in a report by Karl Hirscht (Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 8: 109. 1898).
Cereus auratus Labouret (Rev. Hort. iv. 4: 27. 1855) is a tall Cereus-like plant, originally
reported as from Peru, but the Index Kewensis says it is from Mexico. The four following
varieties: genuinus, intermedius, mollissimus, and pilosus are briefly described by Regel &
Klein (Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860: 45. 1860); Pilocereus auratus (Rumpler in Forster,
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 650. 1885) is doubtless the same. i
On page 22, vol. 11, under Monvillea cavendishi, add to illustrations: Bliihende Kakteen
3: pl. 171, as Cereus euchlorus; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 172, as C. rhodoleucanthus;
Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 178, as C. cavendishi1.
On page 23, vol. 11, under Monvillea spegazzinii, add the synonyms: Piptanthocereus
spegazzintt Riccobono, Boll. R. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 233. 1909; Cereus spegazzinti1
hasslert Weingart, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 32: 163. 1922.
Add to illustrations: De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 28, as Cereus spegazzinit.
On page 27, vol. 1, under Cephalocereus senilis, add to illustrations: Journ. Intern.
Gard. Club 3: 640, as Cephalocereus sp.; Gard. Chron. 111. 32: 35; Journ. Hort. Home Farm.
III. 59: 625; Amer. Garden 11: 479; West Amer. Sci. 13: 16, as Cereus senilis; West Amer.
Sci. 13: 23, as C. hoppenstedti1; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 473. {. 5, No. 19; Remark,
Kakteenfreund 20, as Pilocereus hoppenstedti1; Cact. Journ. 1: pl. 5; Gartenflora 27: 114;
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 6: 64; Gard. Chron. 1873: f. 15; Garten-Zeitung 4: 182. f. 42, No. 6;
Gartenwelt 2: 574; 16: 175; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 2. 260. f. 98; ed. 3. f. 34; West Amer.
Sci. 9: 2; Journ. Intern. Gard. Club 3: 640; Blane, Cacti 76. No. 1755; Weinberg, Cacti 26,
as Pilocereus senilis; Palmer, Cult. Cact. 148, as Pilocereus; Engler and Drude, Veg. Erde
13: f. 30; Tribune Hort. 4: 283; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 473.1. 5, No. 3; Schelle,
Handb. Kakteenk. 108. f. 44, 45; Floralia 42: 370; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1: 116.
On page 30, vol. m1, under Cephalocereus fluminensis, add to illustrations: Goebel,
Pflanz. Schild. 11: pl. 3, f. 1 to 3, as Pulocereus.
On page 31, vol. 1, under Cephalocereus macrocephalus, add to illustrations: Modllers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 473. f. 5, No. 2. i
On page 32, vol. 1, under Cephalocereus polylophus, insert: Pilocereus angulosus
Forster, according to Lemaire (Rev. Hort. 1862: 428. 1862) is little known; it is perhaps
to be referred here.
Add to illustration: Gard. Chron. 1. 50: 135. f. 64, c, as Cereus polylophus.
On page 42, vol. 11, under Cephalocereus arrabidae, insert: The following names relate
to this species and other names associated with it: Pzlocereus sublanatus Forster (Haage,
Verz. Cact. 22) is referred to Cereus sublanatus by the Index Kewensis. Pilocereus
tilophorus (Index Kewensis) is evidently a mistake for Cereus tilophorus. Pailocereus
oligogonus Lemaire (Rev. Hort. 1862:.428. 1862) is said to come from Mexico; the two
varieties, houlletianus and sublanatus, given at this same place as synonyms, may or may
not belong with it; they should doubtless be referred to the species bearing the same names
respectively.
Add toillustrations: Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit.25:473.f.5, No.9,as Pilocereus exerens.
APPENDIX. 269
On page 44, vol. m1, under Cephalocereus nobilis, add the synonyms Cereus polyptychus
Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 56. 1839; Pilocereus polyptychus Riimpler in Forster, Handb.
Cact. ed. 2. 680. 1885.
Insert: The plant upon which this name was based was a small, barren one of unknown
origin.
Insert: Pilocereus houlletianus niger (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 676. 1885) is only
a name given as a synonym of P. niger, while P. niger aureus is briefly described on the
same page.
Add to illustrations: Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 473.{.5, No.4,as Pilocereus curtis.
On page 47, vol. 11, under Cephalocereus polygonus, add the synonym: Cephalocereus
schlumbergert Urban, Symb. Antill. 8: 464. 1920.
On page 49, vol. 1, under Cephalocereus lanuginosus, add the synonym: Pilocereus
lanuginosus virens Salm-Dyck in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 672. 1885.
Insert: Curran reports that this fruit is edible (Inventory No. 50. p. 50. U.S. Dept.
Agr. Bur. Plant Industry).
On page 51, vol. 1, under Cephalocereus royent, add to illustrations: Journ. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 15: pl. 133, 134.
On page 52, vol. 1, under Cephalocereus leucocephalus, add to illustrations: Watson,
Cact. Cult. 145. f. 56; Deutsche Gart. Zeit. '7: 312, as Pilocereus houlletianus; Gard. Chron.
ul. 29: f. 79, as P. houlletianus leucocephalus; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 473. f. 5,
No. 14, as P. cometes; De Laet, Cat. Gén. No. 51, 52, 53; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit.
25: 473. 1.5, No. 7; Bliihende Kakteen 2: pl. 79; West Amer. Sci. 13: 24; Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk. 1o1. f. 40. as P. houlletii; Gard. Chron. 111. 32: 253, as Cereus houllet.
On page 56, vol. 1, under Cephalocereus
purpusit, insert: Wilhelm Weingart, under date })
of June 18, 1921, wrote of this species as
follows:
“Cephalocereus purpusii sp. nov. was collected
IN
by C. A. Purpus in 1902 near Mazatlan, was sent
to me February 18, 1907, and bloomed in Darm- ‘\
stadt in 1918.”
Figures 240 and 241 are reproduced from >
a drawing furnished by Wilhelm Weingart. /
On page 56, vol. 11, under Cephalocereus
catingicola, add to illustrations: Vegetations-
bilder 6: pl. 14, as Cereus catingicola; Engler, N
Bot. Jahrb. 40: Suppl. pl. 5, as C. catingae.
On page 58, vol. 1, insert:
49. Cephalocereus collinsii sp. nov.
About 3 meters high with few slender, elongated
branches, these 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; ribs about Fics. 240, 241.—Cephalocereus purpusii, flower.
7, obtuse; tubercles about 1.5 em. apart, circular,
long-woolly as well as spiny; flowering areoles not much more woolly than the others; spines
numerous, acicular, longer ones 3 to 4 cm. long; flowers borne near ends of branches, about 5 cm.
long; fruit somewhat depressed, about 3 cm. broad; seed shining, black, 1.5 to 2 mm. broad.
Common in thickets near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. The type was collected
by Dr. C. A. Purpus near Gerénimo in April 1923. It was reported by O. F. Cook and G.
N. Collins from this region in 1902. The plant is named for Mr. Collins, who first brought it
to our attention more than 20 years ago while carrying on field work in southern Mexico
for the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
270 THE CACTACEAE.
Figure 242 is from a photograph taken by Mr. Collins in 1902; it is three-fourths
natural size.
On page 58, vol. u, under Cephalocereus hermentianus, add: Illustration: MoOllers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 473. f. 5, No. 10, as Pilocereus hermentianus.
On page 58, vol. 1, under Pilocereus albisetosus, add the synonyms: Cactus albisetosus
Sprengel, Syst. 2: 496. 1825; Cactus albisetus Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 245. 1840.
On page 61, vol. u, under Espostoa lanata, add to illustrations: Schelle, Handb.
Kakteenk. 105. f. 41, as Pilocereus lanatus; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 105. f. 42, as
P. lanatus cristatus; Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 11: pl. 3, in part, as P. dautwitzit.
On page 64, vol. 0, under Stetsonia coryne, insert: W. B. Alexander wrote, under date
of March 7, 1921, as follows:
“Noticing your statement that the fruit of Stetsonia coryne is unknown, I obtained a ripe specimen
at La Rioja for you and am sending it by parcel post.”
This we describe as follows:
Oblong, 6 cm. long, glabrous, bearing scattered scales, these 5 mm. broad, 1 mm. high, each
with a cartaceous tip and a denticulate margin; seeds numerous, small, 1.5 mm. long, flattened,
pitted; hilum large, basal.
On page 65, vol. 11, under Stetsonia coryne, add to illustrations: Thomas, Zimmerkultur
Kakteen 11, as Cereus coryne.
On page 66, vol. u, under Escontria
chiotilla, add to illustrations: Modllers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 29: 438. f. 13;
Floralia 42: 389, as Cereus chioizlla.
On page 69, vol. u, under Paciy-
cereus pringlei, insert: The distribution
of Pachycereus pringlez in northern So-
nora is not well defined. Dr. MacDougal
has recently visited northwestern Sonora
and states that he saw it along the route
between Altar and Port Libertad to
within a hundred miles of the United
States boundary. Prospectors and
ranchers also speak of it as being abun-
dant in the valley of the Asuncion or
Altar River some miles to the north-
ward. He writes of it as follows:
“On the whole, however, my chief inter-
est was centered on the sowesa or Pachycereus
pringlei. We began to get into this about 85
miles from the Gulf, and in the region below
a thousand feet it attains perfectly tremend-
ous size, as you will see from some photo-
graphic prints.”
Fic. 242.—Cephalocereus collinsii.
Figure 243 is from a photograph
obtained by Dr. MacDougal at Port Libertad, Sonora, May 4, 1923.
APPENDIX. Zeke
Also add to illustrations: Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. 1916: f. 6, in part; Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 16: 131, A; 132, A; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 13: pl. 13, as Pachycereus
caluus; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 131, B, as P. titan; Ann. Rep. Smith. Inst. 1908:
Ko to Mc
On page 71, vol. 11, under Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum, add to illustrations: Engler
and Drude, Veg. Erde 13: 297. f. 9; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 2. 246. f. 92; ed. 3. f. 17;
Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 1: pl. 48, as Cereus pecten-aboriginum; Karsten
and Schenck, Vegetatidnsbilder 13: pl. 14; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 132, B.
On page 71, vol. 11, under Pachycereus gaumeri, add additional characters:
Ribs sometimes only 3, thin, 3 to 4 cm. high; areoles sometimes 2.5 cm. apart; fruit becoming
dry, globose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, scales at base of fruit small, becoming long and foliaceous
above, fleshy at base but tips thin and soon drying black; axils of scales felted, with a cluster of
about 8 very short black spines; seeds numerous, brown, 4 mm. long.
The above description is drawn from specimens sent by Dr. Gaumer to Washington
in June 1922.
On page 73, vol. u, under Pachycereus chrysomallus, add to illlustrations: Reiche,
Elem. Bot. 226. f. 162, as Pilocereus; MOllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 29: 297. f. 5; U. S.
Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 262: pl. 13, f. 1, as Pilocereus fulviceps; Floralia 42: 377;
Belg. Hort. 3: pl. 57, as P. chrysomallus; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 473. f. 5, No. 1.
On page 74, vol. u, under Pachycereus marginatus, insert: The two varieties, Cereus
marginatus monstrosus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 62. 1909) and C. marginatus cristatus
(Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 194. 1894) occur in the trade.
Also add to illustrations: West Amer. Sci. 13: 6; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 472.
f. 2, No. 15; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 23; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 29: 355. f. 11; Bot.
Jahrb. Engler 58: Beibl. 129: 27. f.9, as C. marginatus; Remark, Kakteenfreund 7; Kar-
sten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 1: pl. 43; 48, as Cereus gemmatus; Ann. Rep. Smiths.
Inst. 1908: pl. 11, f. 2.
272 THE CACTACEAE.
On page 76, vol. 11, under Pachycereus lepidanthus, insert: Since the appearance of
volume 11, we have received flowers of this species from Wilhelm Weingart, which show
a very close likeness to those of Escontria chiotilla. ‘The fruit of the latter, however, is a
juicy edible berry, while that of the former is described as dry. The illustrations here printed
may lead to the rediscovery of this rare plant.
Figure 244 is from a photograph of a plant grown in Washington, showing a joint as
it came from the field and also the young growth as developed in the greenhouse; figure 245
is from a photograph of two flowers and a spine-cluster.
Fic. 244.—Pachycereus lepidanthus.
On page 78, vol. 11, under Leptocereus leonit, insert ? Specimens collected in June 1923,
by Brother Leén and Dr. Roig on Loma de Somorrostro, Jamaica, Havana Province, Cuba,
show that the fruit of this species becomes 6.5 cm. long by 5.5 cm. thick, when fully mature.
The fruits are borne near the ends of the branches, 3 or 4 close together.
On page 76, vol. 11, under Cereus tetazo, insert: Pilocereus tetetzo cristatus Weber
(Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 176. 1897) is only a name and so is Cephalocereus tetetzo
(Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 73. 1909) and Cereus tetezo and C. tetetzo (Monatsschr. Kak-
teenk. 1'7: 79. 1907).
Fic. 245.—Pachycereus lepidanthus.
Also insert: Illustration: Bull. Soc. Nat. Acclim. 52: 55. f. 14, as Cereus tetezo.
On page 82, vol. 11, under Eulychnia spinibarbis, add to illustrations: Engler and Drude,
Veg. Erde 8: pl. 5, f. 11, as Cereus coquimbanus.
APPENDIX. 273
On page 86, vol. 11, under Lemaireocereus hollianus, add to illustrations: Bull. Soc. Nat.
Acclim. 52: 45. f. 9, as Cereus bavosus.
On page 86, vol. 11, under Lemaireocereus hystrix, add the synonym: Cactus americanus
Vitman, Summa Pl. 3: 209. 1789.
Insert: Cactus americanus is based on Bradley’s illustration (Hist. Succ. Pl. 12) which
De Candolle referred to Cereus eburneus, but as the plant came from the West Indies it is
perhaps better referred to Lematreocereus hystrix. :
Also insert: We have recently obtained from N. E. Brown a photograph of Haworth’s
Cereus hystrix, with the date, ‘‘Oct. 24, 1824.”
On page 87, vol. 11, under Lemaireocereus griseus, add to illustrations: Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 24: 5, as Cereus eburneus; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 9, f. 5.
On page 89, vol. 11, under Lemaireocereus eichlamii, add to the description:
Fruit globular, about 5 cm. in diameter, becoming dry, not edible, thin-skinned, filled with
numerous large seeds, ‘the surface bearing scattered areoles, these densely short-felted with clusters
of short spines subtended by small, ovate, acute scales; seeds black, 4 to 5 mm. long with a prominent
hilum.
Insert: This plant is much used for hedges in Salvador and was obtained there by Mr.
Paul C. Standley in the vicinity of Sonsonate, altitude 220 to 300 meters, March 1922
(No. 22328), but was not seen in the wild state. It is called there 6rgano. This species
heretofore has been known only from Guatemala and was not known to us in fruit; this
differs from that of the other species of Lemaireocereus in being rather dry with very large
seeds.
Also insert: Figure 246 is from a photograph of the plant, sent by F. Kichlam in 1909
to Washington, which flowered in 1918.
Fic. 246.—Lamaireocereus eichlamii.
On page 91, vol. 11, under Lemaireocereus chende, add to illustrations: Grassner, Haupt-
Verz. Kakteen 1912: 3, as Cereus del moralit.
On page 96, vol. u, under Lemaireocereus webert, add to illustrations: Floralia 42: 388,
as Cereus candelabrum.
On page 96, vol. 11, insert:
14a. Lemaireocereus beneckei (Ehrenberg).
Cereus beneckei Ehrenberg, Bot. Zeit. 2: 835. 1844.
Cereus farinosus Haage in Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 133-355. 1845.
Cereus benecket farinosus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 49. 1850.
Piptanthocereus beneckeit Riccobono, Boll. R. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 226. 1909.
274. THE CACTACEAE.
Plants 4 to 5 meters high, much branched; branches 6 to 7 cm. in diameter, the growing tips
very glaucous; ribs 7 or 8, strongly tuberculate, obtuse, separated by narrow intervals; areoles
small, circular, borne on the upper side of the tubercle, brown to black-felted; spines 1 to 7, acicular,
the longest sometimes 2.5 cm. long, brown to black; flowers night-blooming, small, 4 cm. long,
greenish brown without; inner perianth-segments rose-colored to white (?); ovary globose, glaucous,
tuberculate, its areoles brown-felted and bearing 3 to 7 acicular spines, the longest sometimes
2.5 cm. long and brown to black; fruit about 2 cm. in diameter, somewhat tubercled, bearing
clusters of spines at the areoles, red; pericarp thick, somewhat fleshy; pulp disappearing, leaving the
large seeds loose, these escaping by a basal pore as in Oreocereus and many of the Echinocactanae.
Type locality: Mexico on red lava beds.
Distribution: Central Mexico.
In volume 11 of The Cactaceae (p. 18), we described this plant under Cereus but with
the statement that it was not a true Cereus; we were not then able to refer it to any known
genus. At that time we knew little about the flowers and nothing accurate about the
ovary and fruit. In 1921 Professor K. Reiche sent us some living plants from Iguala,
the station from which Dr. Rose obtained his plants in 1905. ‘These contained some old
withered flowers and some well-developed ovaries which have enabled us to refer the plant
to Lemaireocereus.
Figure 247 is from a photograph of K. Reiche’s plant, slightly reduced, showing the
top of a branch bearing an old flower and a half-ripe fruit.
Fic. 247.—Lemaireocereus beneckei.
On page 98, vol. 11, under Lemazreocereus thurber1, add to illustrations: Journ. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 3: f. 13, as Cereus thurberi; Bull. U. S- Nat. Mus. 56: pl. 8, f. 2; Karsten and
Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 13: pl. 15; 21, f. a; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 125, a;
Amer. Bot. 20: 88.
On page 108, vol. 1, under Bergerocactus emoryi, add to illustrations: Cact. Journ.
1: 59; Gartenwelt 11: 498, as Cereus emoryi.
On page 111, vol. 11, under W2lcoxia poselgeri, add to illustrations: Remark, Kakteen-
freund 6; Deutsche Garten-Zeitung 1886: f. 25, as Cereus tuberosus.
APPENDIX. 275
On page 111, vol. u, under Wilcoxia striata, insert: According to T. S. Brandegee
(under date of June 8, 1921), the flowers of Wilcoxia striata are nocturnal.
On page 112, vol. 11, under Pentocereus greggii, add to illustrations: Amer. Gard. 11:
474, as Cereus greggi; Journ. Wash. Acad. 12: 329. f. 1; Succulenta 4: 71.
On page 113, vol. II, insert:
2. Peniocereus johnstonii Britton and Rose, Journ. Wash. Acad. 12: 329. 1922.
A climbing or clambering plant, up to 3 meters long, with a very large fleshy root sometimes
weighing 14 pounds; stems and branches 3 to 5-angled, the young growth not pubescent; spines
g to 12, brown to black, glabrous; upper radial spines short, stubby, swollen at base, nearly black,
the two lower light brown, elongated, bristle-like, reflexed; central spines 1 to 3, subulate, 4 to
8 mm. long; flower (only an old flower seen) about 15 cm. long; perianth-segments about 3 cm. long;
the lower and outer ones bearing tawny hairs and long bristles; flower-tube slender, with prominent
areoles on knobby projections and bearing tawny wool and bristly spines; fruit ovoid to oblong,
about 6 cm. long, bearing prominent clusters of black spines, dry (?), many-seeded; seeds oblong,
3 mm. long or more, black, shining; seedling dark purple; cotyledons very thick, triangular.
Type locality: San Josef Island, off the east coast of southern Lower California.
Distribution: Southern Lower California.
This plant was always found growing up through bushes of Olneya tesota.
Illustrations: Journ. Wash. Acad. 12: 330. f. 2; Succulenta 4: 73.
Figure 248 shows a branch, old flowers, and seeds of the type specimen.
Fic. 248.—Peniocereus johnstonii, showing branch, old flower, and seeds.
On page 113, vol. 11, under Dendrocereus nudiflorus, insert: In 1922 Dr. L. H. Bailey
sent us two photographs and some stem-sections (No. 806) which he had obtained from
the Botanic Garden at Roseau, Dominica. It grows as a low, rounded, much branched
bush with the outer joints often pendent. Mr. Joseph Jones, curator of the Botanic
Garden wrote that the group is made up of six plants which have not been cut back or
interfered with in any way and have experienced two hurricanes without having a piece
broken off. One of our colleagues, Dr. William R. Maxon, who had rediscovered this plant
some years ago in Cuba, suggested that the plant grown in Dominica might be that
species; a careful study of our material convinces us that he is correct. Dendrocereus
nudiflorus, however, is naturally a large tree with a very definite trunk and a large, much
branched top. An explanation of this inconsistency is that the Dominican plant was
doubtless grown from cuttings, causing it to assume this bushy habit, a phenomenon also
observed in other cacti.
Also insert: Cereus undiflorus is a misspelling, used by Sauvalle (Fl. Cuba 59. 1873)
and reprinted in the Index Kewensis (1: 493).
Figure 249 is from one of the photographs sent us by Dr. Bailey.
276 THE CACTACEAE.
On page 116, vol. 11, under Machaerocereus eruca, add to illustratious: Journ. Intern.
Gard. Club 3: 641; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 13: pl. 16, as Cereus eruca.
a - S 4
Fic. 249.—Dendrocereus nudiflorus.
On page 117, vol. u, under Machaerocereus gummosus, add to illustrations: Cact.
Journ. 2: 107, as Cereus gummosus; Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. 1916: f. 6, in part; Karsten and
Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 13: pl. 17, f. a.
On page 119, vol. u, under Nyctocereus serpentinus, add to illustrations: Watson,
Cact. Cult. 67. f. 16; ed. 3. f. 12, as Cereus serpentinus.
On page 119, vol. u, under Nyctocereus guatemalensis, add to illustrations: Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 31: 41, as Cereus hirschtianus.
On page 123, vol. 11, under Acanthocereus pentagonus, add to illustrations: De Laet,
Cat. Gén. f. 32, as Cereus baxaniensis; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 32: 21, as C. princeps.
On page 125, vol. 1, insert the following:
3a. Acanthocereus floridanus Small, sp. nov.
Stems and branches diffusely spreading or reclining, 3 to 10 meters long, stout: joints promi-
nently 3 to 5-angled, but mostly 3-angled, dark green, often forming impenetrable thickets: areoles
remote, with mostly 4 to 7 slender or subulate spines, the central one often 1 to 2 em. long: ovary
stout-trumpet-shaped, 8 to 10 cm. long, with few large, separated tubercled areoles at the base,
bearing mostly 3 to 5 diverging spines, those on the upper part usually with one spine each; outer
perianth-segments deltoid to triangular-lanceolate or lanceolate-subulate and almost linear, the
longer ones 3.5 to 4 cm. long, acuminate; inner perianth-segments broadly linear, 3.5 to 4.5 cm.
long, about six times as long as wide, broadly acuminate; filaments adnate more than halfway up
from the base of the hypanthium; anthers less than 2.5 mm. long.
Hammocks, along or near the coast, southern peninsular Florida, adjacent islands,
and Florida Keys. ‘Type collected by J. K. Small, on Key Largo, December 1917 and
1918; preserved in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
This Florida plant has been referred by us to A. pentagonus, but specimens recently
collected by Dr. Small, including good flowers, which we had not seen before, indicate it
to be a distinct species, characterized by its much shorter perianth and more spiny ovary.
Illustrations: Britton and Rose, Cactaceae 2: 123. f. 182; 124. f. 184, as Acanthocereus
pentagonus.
On page 129, vol. 1, under Heliocereus speciosus, add to the illustrations: Herb.
Génér. Amat. 4: pl. 244; Colla, Hort. Ripul. pl. 10; Bonpl. Descr. Pl. Rar. pl. 3, as Cactus
APPENDIX. 277
speciosus; Maund, Bot. 1: pl. 12, as C. speciosus lateritius; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 49: pl. 2306;
Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 6: pl. 486, as C. speciosissimus; Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1596, as
C. speciosissimus lateritius; Newman, Illustr. Bot. 209; Abh. Bayer. Akad. Beschr. Cact.
2: pl. 3, f. 5; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 24, as Cereus speciosus; Lindley, Veg. King. ed. 3. 746.
f. 498; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 67: pl. 3822; The Garden 53: 153, as C. speciosissimus; Ulustr.
Hort. 32: pl. 548, as C. speciosissimus hoveyt; Sci. Amer. 124: 492, as Heliocereus mallisoni;
Van Géel, Sert. Bot. 1: 116, as Cactus speciosissimus.
On page 129, vol. 11, under Heliocereus cinnabarinus, add: Illustration: Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 32:54, 55, as Cereus cinnabarinus. .
On page 129, vol. 1, under Heliocereus amecamensis, add to illustrations: Rother,
Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 74, as Cereus amecamensis.
On page 132, vol. u, under Trichocereus spachianus, add to illustrations: Remark,
Kakteenfreund 5, as Cereus spachianus.
On page 133, vol. u, under Trichocereus pasacana, insert: The name Cephalocereus
pasacana (Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3: 182. 1894) has been used for this plant.
Cnn et
Fic. 250.—Borzicactus fieldianus. Fic. 251.—Borzicactus fieldianus.
On page 136, vol. 1, Trichocereus macrogonus, add: Illustrations: Garten-Zeitung 4°:
182. f. 8, as Cereus macrogonus.
On page 140, vol. 11, under T7ichocereus coquimbanus, add to illustrations: Engler
and Drude, Veg. Erde 8: pl. 16, as Cereus nigripilis.
On page 140, vol. u, under Tvichocereus terscheckii, insert: This cactus is the only
timber found in the region of the Puna and in the western mountains of Argentina that
can be utilized in any form. It is employed on a large scale in the mines for timbering
the galleries, if these happen to be dry. It is called cardén.
Add: Illustration: Sci. Amer. 124: 492.
On page 143, vol. 11, under Trichocereus candicans, insert: The names Cereus gladiatus
vernaculatus Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 327. 1853) and C. gladiatus courantii
(Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 833. 1885) were given as synonyms of C. candicans.
Cereus candicans dumesnilianus is figured and briefly described in the Gardeners’
Chronicle (11. 26: 415. f. 132). It is an upright plant with long, straight spines; the flowers
are large and pure white. It flowered in the collection of Justus Corderoy.
278 THE CACTACEAE.
On page 144, vol. 11, under Trichocereus schickendantzti, add to illustration: Mollers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 7, No. 16, as Echinopsis schickendantzit.
On page 146, vol. 1, under Echinopsts catamarcensis, add: Illustration: Méllers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 7, No. 19.
On page 149, vol. u, under Harrisia eriophora, add to illustration: Journ. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 11: 234. f. 34; Roig. Cact. Fl. Cub. pl. [5], as Harrisia undata.
Insert: Cactus peruvianus jamaicensis appears in Grisebach’s Flora (Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
301. 1860) as a synonym of Cereus eriophorus, but refers to Harrisia gracilis.
On page 151, vol. 1, under Harrisia nashti, add: Illustration: Descourtilz, Fl. Med.
Antill. 1: pl. 66, as Cactus divaricatus.
On page 151, vol. 1, under Harrisia gracilis, add the synonym: Cactus subrepandus
Sprengel, Syst. 2: 495. 1825.
Add to illustrations: Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. f. 139; Blithende Kakteen 2: pl. 84;
Watson, Cact. Cult. 85. f. 28; ed. 3. f. 19; Dict. Gard. Nicholson Suppl. 220. f. 255, as
Cereus repandus; Addisonia 2: pl. 61.
On page 154, vol. 11, under Harrisia aboriginum, add: Illustration: Journ. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 22: pl. 253.
On page 155, vol. m1, under Harrisia martinti, add to illustrations: Addisonia 2: pl. 68.
On page 157, vol. mu, under Harrisia bonplandii, add to illustrations: Montasschr.
Kakteenk. 25: 3, as Cereus bonplandii.
Oe DEKE <S
Fi BE
FIGs. 252, 253, 254.—Borzicactus fieldianus. °
On page 163, vol. 11, insert:
9. Borzicactus fieldianus sp. nov.
Forming thickets 3 to 6 meters high, the branches elongated, at first erect or ascending but
sometimes becoming pendent or even prostrate; ribs few, perhaps only 6 or 7, stout, broad, 1 to 2
cm. high, depressed between the areoles and on young shoots and appearing as tubercled; areoles
large, circular, short-lanate and spiny, with a depression extending upward from its upper side to
constriction of rib; spines 6 to 10, white, subulate, very unequal, the longest ones 5 cm. long or
longer; flowers several, from near tip of branches, but with only one from an areole, with a cylindric
tube 6 to 7 cm. long and a very narrow limb; ovary and flower-tube bearing ovate, acute scales,
1 to 3 mm. long, these with long brown hairs in their axils; flower-tube within glabrous below its
throat, bearing many stamens 4 cm. long; perianth-segments red, 1 cm. long; stamens exserted only
beyond the perianth-segments, if at all; ovary globular, perhaps somewhat tuberculate, with scat-
tered, long-hairy areoles; fruit probably fleshy, globular to ovoid, 2 cm. in diameter.
Collected by Macbride and Featherstone on gravelly river bluffs, eastern exposure
at Huaraz, Peru, altitude about 2,600 meters, October 6, 1922 (No. 25109).
APPENDIX. 279
This very interesting plant we have named in honor of Captain Marshall Field, a
patron of science, who financed the Botanical Expedition of 1922 to South America, sent
out by the Field Museum of Natural History.
Figure 250 shows the habit of the plant, 251 a flowering branch, and figures 252 to
254 show flower, rib, and fruit.
On page 164, vol. 11, under Carnegiea gigantea, add to illustrations :* Remark, Kakteen-
freund 19, as Pilocereus giganteus; Nat. Geogr. Mag. 41: 373, as giant cactus; Tribune
Hort. 4: 243; Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:f. 15, 16, 17; 5: 173. f. 27; 6:f. 31, 32; Gartenwelt
8: 485; I1: 498; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. f. 20, 21; Cact. Mex. Bound. frontispiece;
Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 56: pl. 8, f. 1; Useful Wild Pl. U.S. Canada opp. 112; Gartenflora 54:
589. f. 70; Gard. Chron. 11. 20: 265. f. 39; Rev. Hort. tv. 3: 343. f. 20; Wiener III. Gart.
Zeit. 11: 216. f. 47; Watson, Cact. Cult. 76. f. 22; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1:67; Blane, Cacti
30. No. 120; Carnegie Institution of Washington 6: pl. 1; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 26;
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 32: 87, as Cereus giganteus; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 7;
Amer. Bot. 26: 136; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey; 1: pl. 3;2:f. 819; Nat. Geogr. Mag. 44: 171.
On page 167, vol. 11, for binghamia melanostele, substitute for this name:
Binghamia multangularis (Willdenow).
Cactus multangularis Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Suppl. 33. 1813.
Cereus multangularis Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Suce. 75. 1819
Echinocereus multangularis Rumpler in Forster, Handb. Cact. ed..2. 825. 1885.
Cephalocereus melanostele Vaupel, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 50: Beibl. r11:.12. 1913.
Binghamia melanostele Britton and Rose, Cactaceae 2: 167. 1921.
Insert: We have recently obtained a photograph of Haworth’s plant bearing the date
“Oct. 29, 1824.’ Acareful comparison of this photograph with photographs and specimens
obtained by Dr. Rose in Peru in 1914 con-
vinces us that this is the same plant as
Cephalocereus melanostele which we referred
to Binghamia.
Figure 255 isfrom a photograph of Ha-
worth’s plant, from N. E. Brown of Kew.
On page 171, vol. 11, under Oreocereus
celsianus, add to illustrations: Karsten and
Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 7: pl. 42; Mollers
Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 473.f.5, No. 11, as
Pilocereus celsianus; Mollers Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 25: 473. f. 5, No. 6, as P. kranzler1;f
Watson, Cact. Cult. 146. f. 57, as P. bruen-
nowt; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1: 133, as P. fossu-
latus; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 31: 123; 32:9;
Gartenflora 62: f. 55, as Cereus straussit;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 5,
No. 15, as P. williamsi1; Amer. Mus. Journ.
16: 39; Bull. Pan Amer. Union 42: 408.
On page 174, vol. 11, under Cleistocactus
baumanniu, add to illustrations: Deutsches
Mag. Gart. Blumen. 1851: pl. opp. 48, as
Cereus tweediei; Jard. Fleur. 1: pl. 48; De
Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 25; Blanc, Cacti 24.f. 2;.
West Amer. Sci. 13: 8, as Cereus colubrinus. 2
On page 177, vol. II, under Lophocereus Fic. 255.—Binghamia multangularis.
schotti1, add to illustrations: Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 13: pl. 18, in part;
*Some of the illustrations cited here and on pages 166 and 167 do not have the technical name of the plants.
{ This name is credited to Riimpler but he gives the spelling as Pilocereus kangzlert.
280 THE CACTACEAE.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 126, B, as Lophocereus australis; Méllers Deutsche Gart.
Zeit. 25: 473. f. 5, No. 8; Cycl. Amer. Hort. Bailey 3: f. 1803; Schumann, Gesamtb.
Kakteen f. 7, 8; Nachtr. f. 8; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 10; 18: 101, as Pilocereus schottit;
West Amer. Sci. 13: 16, as Cereus sargentianus; Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: pl. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
as Cereus schottii; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 125, B, as Lophocereus schottit; Thomas,
Zimmerkultur Kakteen 17, as Pilocereus sargentianus.
On page 180, vol. 11, under Myrtillocactus geometrizans, add to illustrations: Reiche,
Elem. Bot. 228.f. 164; Engler and Drude, Veg. Erde 13: f. 31; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit.
25: 482.{.13; West Amer. Sci. 13: 15; Zeitschrift Sukkulenk. 1: 31, as Cereus geometrizans.
On page 180, vol. 1, under Myrtillocactus cochal, add to illustrations: Thomas, Zim-
merkultur Kakteen 13, as Cereus cochal.
On page 183, vol. 11, insert the following:
39. NEOABBOTTIA Britton and Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 729: 2. 1921.
A tree-like cactus with a smooth, upright, terete trunk and a much branched top, the branches
strongly winged or ribbed, normally from distal end of preceding branch, but sometimes from below
tip and usually in the same plane; ribs thin and high, very spiny; flowers nocturnal, small, tubular,
with a narrow limb, borne several together at distal end of a terminal branch from a small, felted
cephalium; perianth persisting on the ovary; perianth-tube and ovary bearing small scales with
short wool and an occasional bristle in their axils; perianth-segments very small; throat of flower a
little broadened at top, bearing many stamens; style slender; fruit oblong, turgid, nearly naked,
deeply umbilicate; seed minute, black, muricate.
Fics. 256, 257.—Flower and fruit of Neoabbottia paniculata. Natural size.
Type species: Cactus paniculatus Lamarck.
A monotypic genus of Hispaniola, dedicated to Dr. W. L. Abbott, a patron of natural
history.
1. Neoabbottia paniculata (Lamarck) Britton and Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 72°: 3. 1921.
Cactus paniculatus Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 540. 1783.
Cereus paniculatus De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 466. 1828.
Plant 6 to 10 meters high or higher; trunk woody, 30 cm. in diameter, the wood close-grained,
yellowish white; bark of trunk 1.5 em. thick, brown, not spiny in age, smooth; branches 4 to 6 cm.
broad, strongly 4-ribbed, occasionally 6-ribbed or winged; ribs thin, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. high, their margins
somewhat crenate, areoles borne at base of sinuses, 1.5 to 2 cm. apart; spines 12 to 20, acicular, brownish
to gray, 2 cm. long or less; cephalium 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, becoming elongated and angled;
flowers straight, 5 cm. long, with a limb about 3 cm. broad, tube 6 to 7 mm. long, about 18 mm.
in diameter, with walls 5 to 6 mm. thick; inner perianth-segments greenish white, short-oblong,
about 1 cm. long, obtuse; throat 18 mm. long, covered with numerous filaments, these with a knee
APPENDIX. 281
near base and pressing against style; stamens and style included; ovary and flower-tube tubercled,
the former with short tubercles, the latter with oblong ones (sometimes 1.5 cm. long), each ending
in a depressed areole subtended by a minute scale; areoles bearing a tuft of brown felt and an
occasional brown bristle; fruit oblong in outline, 6 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 5.5 cm. in diameter, turgid,
nearly naked; rind green, thick, hard; seeds rounded above, cuneate at base, with a large lateral
depressed hilum.
iam Ae.
Fic. 258.—Neoabbottia paniculata.
Type locality: Haiti.
Distribution: Hispaniola.
This plant was described by Plumier as follows: ‘‘Melocactus arborescens, tetragonus,
flore ex albido.” This description was repeated by Tournefort, with the addition of a
single word, in 1719. Plumier’s drawing of this plant was published long after his death
by Burmann as plate 192 of the Plantarum Americanum, and upon this plate Lamarck
based his Cactus paniculatus, which De Candolle a little later took up as Cereus paniculatus.
Ever since, the plant has usually passed under the latter name, with an occasional reversal
to the earlier one.
Until recently, the species has been known only from this old illustration and these
brief descriptions. It was collected near Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on the Cul-de-sac,
by Dr. W. L. Abbott and Mr. E. C. Leonard, April 1920 (No. 3500); also at the same
locality by Mr. H. M. Pilkington, December 1920; also a single branch by Dr. Paul
Bartsch at Thomazeau in 1917 (No. 221). “The Abbott and Leonard material consists of
wood-sections and herbarium specimens of branches, flowers, fruit, and seeds, supple-
mented by living specimens and by fruit and flowers in formalin, together with several
habit photographs.
In habit it resembles Dendrocereus, its branches resemble Acanthocereus, and the
small limb of the flower resembles Leptocereus; but the plant differs from all of these in
bearing several flowers at the ends of terminal branches and in developing a kind of
cephalium. In the last respect it approaches Neoraimondia, near which we would place it
in our present classification.
Illustrations: Smiths. Misc. Coll. 72°: pl. 1 to 4; pl. 2, f. 1, 2; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. 33: 31. f. 11.
Figures 256 and 257 show the flower and fruit; figure 258 shows the top of a tree;
figures 259 and 260 show the plant in its natural surroundings; figure 223a, page 248, is
a reproduction of Plumier’s plate.
On page 187, vol. m, under Hylocereus undatus, add to illustrations: De Laet, Cat.
Gén. f. 31; Tribune Hort. 4: pl. 140; Blanc, Cacti 37. No. 346; Ann. Inst. Roy. Hort.
282 THE CACTACEAE.
Fromont 2: pl. 1, f. p; Gartenwelt 11: 101; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. pl. opp. 29; Rev.
Hort. Belg. 40: after 184; Meehans’ Monthly 6: 5; West Amer. Sci. 13: 5; Gartenflora
55: f. 2, as Cereus triangularis; De Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: pl. 26, as Cactus triangularis;
Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 3: pl. 57, as Hylocereus tricostatus; Caiiizares, Jard. Bot. Inst.
Habana 98, as H. triangularts.
On page 189, vol. 11, under Hylocereus lemairei, add to illustrations: Bliihende Kakteen
3: pl. 173, as Cereus lemairet.
On page tot, vol. 1, under Hylocereus napoleonis, add to illustrations: Hartinger,
Parad. 2: 1, as Cereus napoleonis.
Fics. 259 and 260.—Neoabbottia paniculata.
On page 192, vol. 11, under Hylocereus triangularis, insert: The name Cactus anizogonus
of English gardens is given as a synonym of Cereus triangularis by Riimpler (Forster,
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 764. 1885).
On page 192, vol. 11, under Hylocereus trigonus insert: Cereus triqueter Haworth (Syn.
Pl. Suce. 181. 1812) is some species of Hylocereus near H. trigonus. If really from South
America, as stated by Haworth, it may be the same as H. lemairei.
On page 194, vol. 11, under Hylocereus sp., insert after first paragraph: This species
of Hylocereus from the Guianas should be studied in connection with Cereus scandens
Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 219. 1850), which is said to have come from Guiana.
The variety C. scandens minor Boerhaave (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 82. 1891) is only
mentioned.
After page proof had been read, some fine specimens of a Hylocereus were received
from Surinam through Gerold Stahel, which we describe as follows:
APPENDIX. 283
2 Stems much elongated, 3-angled, 2 to 6 cm. broad, bluish or whitened, somewhat glaucous;
ribs often thin; margins of ribs not horny, nearly straight, areoles distant, sometimes 6 cm. apart;
spines brown, 2 or 3, very short, much swollen at base.
In the shape, number, and size of spines this specimen resembles H. lemairei, but
differs from it in the whitened stems. We do not know its flowers.
On page 197, vol. 1, under Selenicereus grandiflorus, insert: Cereus haitiensis Hortus
is cited by Schelle (Handb. Kakteenk. 89. 1907) as a synonym of C. grandiflorus.
Cereus grandiflorus flemingit Ritmpler (Férster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 751. 1885; C.
flemingit, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 109. 1893) is said to be a hybrid between C. grandiflorus
and C. speciosissimus.
Add to illustrations: Fl. Serr. 3: pl. 1-2, as Cereus grandifloro-speciosissimus; Balt.
Cact. Journ. I: 56, as queen of the night; Remark, Kakteenfreund 8; Gartenflora 42:
541. f. 110; 64: go. f. 22; Gartenwelt 16: 613; 19: 18; Gard. Chron. m1. 14: 187. f. 36;
Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 15; Tribune Hort. 4: pl. 139; Blanc, Cacti 32; De Laet,
Cat. Gén. f. 29; Fl. Serr. 3: 233-234; Weinberg, Cacti 8; Knippel, Kakteen pl. 1; Goebel,
Pflanz. Schild. 1: pl. 2, f. 5; Méllers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 14: 340 to 343; 20: 561, as
Cereus grandiflorus; Cafiizares, Jard. Bot. Inst. Habana roo.
On page 198, vol. u, under Selenicereus urbanianus, add to illustrations: Gartenwelt
12: 255, as Cereus urbanianus; Roig, Cact. Fl. Cub. pl. [3,] f. 2; pl. [4], as Selenicereus
Maxonit.
On page 199, vol. 1, under Selenicereus coniflorus, insert: Dr. J. K. Small finds this
plant naturalized in pinelands near the Everglades, west of Halenville, Florida.
On page 200, vol. 11, under Selentcereus pteranthus, also add to illustrations: Garden
13: 291; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 31: 71; Watson, Cact. Cult. 63. f. 15; ed. 3. f. 10; Garten-
flora 41: f. 23, 24, as Cereus nycticalus.
Add the synonym: Cereus nycticalus peanii Beguin in Riccoboni, Boll. R. Ort. Bot.
Giard. Col. Palermo 8: 252. 1909.
On page 202, vol. 11, under Selencereus boeckmannii, add to illustration: Bliihende
Kakteen 3: pl. 175, 176, as Cereus boeckmannit.
On page 202, vol. u, under Selenicereus macdonaldiae, add the synonym: Cereus
grandiflorus macdonaldiae Blanc, Cacti 34.
Also insert: Cereus kewensis Worsley (Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 39: 92. 1913) is said to
be a ‘“‘garden hybrid between C. macdonaldiae and probably C. nycticalus.”’
Also add to illustrations: Blane, Cacti 34. No. 206, as Cereus grandiflorus macdonaldiae ;
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 107; Gartenwelt 16: 537; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25:
488. f. 22, No. 6, as Cereus macdonaldiae, Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 166, 167, as Cereus
grusonianus.
Insert: Cereus rothit Weingart (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 32: 146. 1922) is of this rela-
tionship. It is a new name for the plant from South America called Cereus macdonaldiae
by Spegazzini; we have not seen it.
On page 204, vol. 11, under Selenicereus hamatus, add to illustrations: Tribune Hort.
4: pl. 140; Floralia 42: 371, as Cereus rostratus.
On page 209, vol. 11, insert the following:
17. Selenicereus nelsonii (Weingart).
Cereus nelsoni Weingart, Zeitschrift Sukkulentenkunde 1: 33. 1823.
A slender, much branched vine, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, giving off occasional aérial roots;
ribs 6 or 7, low, somewhat tubercled; areoles small, circular, about 1 cm. apart; spines about 12,
acicular, white to yellowish, 5 to 7 mm. long; length of flower including ovary and closed perianth
284 THE CACTACEAE.
about 20 cm.; outer perianth-segments linear, pointed, reddish brown, the inner perianth-segments
narrowly lanceolate, 7 cm. long, 12 to 15 mm. broad, acute; filaments numerous, weak, white; style
long and slender, exserted beyond the withering perianth; stigma-lobes slender, white, entire;
scales on the ovary and flower-tube minute, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, reddish brown, bearing white felt
and white bristles in their axils; fruit crowned by the withering perianth, globular, 2 to 2.5 cm. in
diameter, reddish, bearing numerous, small, circular areoles, these with clusters of acicular spines
sometimes I cm. long.
Type locality: Southern Mexico.
Distribution: Mexico, but range not known.
We have had this plant under observation since 1914 when cuttings were sent us
by C. Z. Nelson, an enthusiastic grower of cacti at Galesburg, Illinois, who obtained it
from southern Mexico from Dr. J. L. Slater. This plant made two flowers during the week
of May 17, 1922; the fruit ripens very slowly and did not mature until October 10, 1922.
According to Wilhelm Weingart, the same species has long been grown by Frantz
de Laet at Contich, Belgium, also from Mexican material.
Illustration: Zeitschrift Sukkulentenk. 1: 33, as Cereus nelsonit.
Figure 261 shows a branch bearing a newly matured fruit.
Fic. 261.—Selenicereus nelsonii.
On page 216, vol. 11, under Werckleocereus tonduzti, add: Illustration: Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 31: 85, as Cereus tonduzit.
On page 218, vol. 0, under A porocactus leptophis, add to illustrations: Ann. Fl. Pom.
1839: pl. 43, as Cereus leptophis.
On page 219, vol. u, under Aporocactus flagelliformis, add to illustrations: Tribune
Hort. 1: pl. 4, as Cereus serpentinus; Fl. Antill. 1: pl. 67, as cierge queue de souris; Cact.
Journ. 1: 82; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 57; Remark, Kakteenfreund 6;
Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. f. 11; Floralia 42: 371; Gartenwelt 15: 637; Blanc, Cacti 27.
No. 104; Amer. Gard. 11: 527 as Cereus flagelliformis; Cact. Journ. 1: 125; 2: 34; 2: 153,
as C. flagelliformts cristatus.
Insert: Cereus smithianus is a hybrid listed by Sweet (Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 237. 1830)
which the Index Kewensis refers to C. smithii, a generic hybrid already referred to.
On page 221, vol. 1, under A porocactus martianus, add to the illustrations: Thomas,
Zimmerkultur Kakteen 14, as Cereus martianus.
APPENDIX. 285
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO VOLUME III.
On page 6, vol. 11, under Echinocereus scheeri, add to illustrations: Thomas, Zimmer-
kultur Kakteen 27.
On page 7, vol. 11, under Echinocereus salm-dyckianus, add to illustrations: Thomas,
Zimmerkultur Kakteen 25.
On page 11, vol. m1, under Echinocereus polyacanthus, add to illustrations: Forster,
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 212. f. 19, as Cereus polyacanthus; Floralia 42: 376, as Echinocereus
polyacanthus var.; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 29; De Laet, Cat. Gén. f. 34, 37, 38;
Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 36: 145. f. 11; Succulenta 5: 74.
On page 12, vol. 111, under Echinocereus acifer, add to illustrations: Thomas, Zimmer-
kultur Kakteen 26, as Echinocereus acifer trichacanthus; Blithende Kakteen 3: pl. 179, as
E.. durangensis.
On page 14, vol. m1, under Echinocereus coccineus, add to illustrations: Pac. R. Rep.
4: pl. 4, f. 1 to 3, as Cereus phoeniceus.
On page 17, vol. m1, under Echinocereus viridiflorus, add the synonym: Cereus viridi-
florus minor Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 278. 1856.
On page 21, vol. 111, under Echinocereus blanckii, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact.
Cult. 70. f. 18, as Cereus blanki1; Watson, Cact. Cult. 68. f. 17; ed. 3. f. 13, as C. berlandiert.
On page 22, vol. 111, under Echinocereus pentalophus, add to illustrations: Watson,
Cact. Cult. 78. f. 23, as Cereus leptacanthus; Watson, Cact. Cult. 83. f. 27; ed. 3. f. 18, as
C. procumbens; Balt. Cact. Journ. 2: 218, as Echinocereus procumbens.
Also add the synonym: Cereus propinquus subarticulatus Pfeiffer in Forster, Handb.
Cact. 373. 1846.
On page 23, vol. m1, under Echinocereus cinerascens, insert: Echinocactus deppii Link
and Otto (Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 536. 1840) was given in error for Echinocereus dep pet.
On page 25, vol. 11, under Echinocereus reichenbachii, insert: Watson, Cact. Cult.
ed. 3. f. 14, as Cereus caespitosus; West Amer. Sci. 7: 237; 13: 14; Gartenflora 23: pl. 813,
as C. pectinatus; Remark, Kakteenfreund 17; Balt. Cact. Journ. 2: 218, as Echinocereus
caespitosus.
On page 37, vol. 1, under Echinocereus enneacanthus, add to illustrations: Bull.
Univ. Tex. 60: pl. 11, f. 1, as Cereus longispinus; Watson, Cact. Cult. 75. f. 21; ed. 3. f. 15,
as C. enneacanthus.
Also insert: Echinocereus saltillensis is offered for sale by Haage and Schmidt, 1920,
page 75.
Mr. C. R. Orcutt has called our attention to the following varieties which have been
omitted: Cereus englemanniu var. albispinus Cels, var. caespitosus, var. fulvispinus Cels,
var. pfersdorffii Heiden, all of which are listed by him (Orcutt, Rev. Cact. 1: 13. 1897),
On page 45, vol. 111, insert: The name Cactus bertini was given for this plant when
awarded a silver medal soon after its discovery (Hort. Franc. 11. 5: 222).
On page 45, vol. 111, Rebutia minuscula, add to illustrations: Succulenta 3: 96; Thomas,
Zimmerkultur Kakteen 34; Kaktusy 25, as Echinocactus minusculus.
On page 48, vol. 11, under Chamaecereus silvestrii, add to illustrations: Blithende
Kakteen 3: pl. 168, as Cereus silvestrii.
On page 48, vol. 111, substitute for Echinopsis deminuta:
5. Rebutia deminuta (Weber).
Echinopsis deminuta Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 10: 386. 1904.
Through the kindness of J. J. Verbeek Wolthuys, we have been able to examine a
flower of this plant which shows that it belongs to the genus Rebutia.
On page 54, vol. 11, under Lobivia pentlandii, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact.
Cult. ed. 3. f. 32, as Echinopsis pentlandit.
286 THE CACTACEAE.
On page 59, vol. 111, insert the following:
21. Lobivia famatimensis (Spegazzini). :
Echinocactus famatimensis Spegazzini, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 92: 44. 1921.
Solitary or in clusters, short-cylindric, 3 to 3.5 cm. high, 2.5 to 2.8 cm. in diameter, strongly
umbilicate at apex; ribs 24, low, obtuse, somewhat tuberculate; areoles approximate; spines small,
appressed, whitish; flowers solitary, from the side near the middle, about 3 cm. long.
Type locality: Near Famatima, Argentina, altitude 2,000 to 3,000 meters.
Distribution: Province of La Rioja, Argentina.
Illustration: Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 92: f. 9, as Echinocactus famatimensis.
On page 64, vol. 11, under Echinopsis multiplex, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact.
Cult. ed. 3. f. 16, as Cereus multiplex; Rev. Hort. 48: 13. f. 1, as Echinocactus multiplex;
Rev. Hort. 48: 13. f. 2, as E. multiplex cristata; Gard. Chron. 1. 56: 145. f. 60.
On page 65, vol. 11, under Echinopsis oxygona, add to illustrations: Thomas, Zim-
merkultur Kakteen 23, as Echinopsis oxygona inermis; Succulenta 5: 85.
On page 66, vol. 111, under Echinopsis eyriesi, add to illustrations: Rother, Praktischer
Leitfaden Kakteen 47, as Echinopsis triumphans; Remark, Kakteenfreund 9; Rother,
Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 45, 106.
On page 67, vol. 111, under Echinopsis turbinata, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact.
Cult. 131. f. 50; ed. 3. f. 30; Gard. Chron. m1. 16: 625. f. 79, as Echinopsis decaisneana;
Floralia 42: 374, as E. gemmata.
On page 67, vol. 11, under Echinopsis tubiflora, add to illustrations: Thomas, Zim-
merkultur Kakteen 20, as Echinopsis tubiflora rohlandii; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden
Kakteen 44, as E. zuccariniana.
On page 72, vol. m1, under Echinopsis leucantha, add to illustrations: Thomas, Zim-
merkultur Kakteen 21.
On page 74, vol. 11, under Echinopsis bridgesii, insert: Illustration: Méllers Deutsche
Gart. Zeit. 25: 475. f. 7, No. 18, as Echinopsis salmiana.
On page 75, vol. 11, under Echinopsis formosa, add to illustrations: Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 32: 149.
On page 76, vol. m1, Echinopsis formosissima, insert: Cereus formosissimus Weber
(Dict. Hort. Bois 471. 1896) was cited by Weber as a synonym of this species.
On page 80, vol. 11, under Ariocarpus retusus, add the synonyms: Cactus areolosus
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891; Cactus pulvilliger Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891.
Add to illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 66, 67, as Ariocarpus trigonus.
On page 82, vol. m1, under Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus insert: Anhalonium kotschubeyi
Lemaire (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 5. 1850), given as a synonym of A. sulcatum,
is to be referred here.
On page 83, vol. m1, under Ariocarpus fissuratus, add to illustrations: Bull Univ.
Texas 60: pl. 11, f. 2, as Ariocarpus fissuratus; Gard. Chron. ut. 12: 789. f. 130; Watson,
Cact. Cult. 161. f. 61, as Mammiullaria fissurata; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. f. 6, as
Anhalonium engelmannii; Remark, Kakteenfreund 10; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1: 27; 2: 247,
as Anhalonium fissuratum; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 35.
On page 85, vol. 111, under Lophophora williamsii, add to illustrations: Sci. Amer. 124:
492, as mescal button; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 36; Remark, Kakteenfreund
11; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 2: pl. 20, B; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen
30; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 31: 187, as Echinocactus williamsii; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1: 71;
2: 247; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 2. 243. f. 91; ed. 3. f. 7, as Anhalonium williamsiz; Suc-
culenta 2: 3; 4: 7.
On page 91, vol. 11, under Pediocactus simpsonti, add to illustrations: Wiener Obst.
Zeit. 2: go. f. 13; Remark, Kakteenfreund 13, as Echinocactus simpsonii.
APPENDIX. 287
On page 106, vol. 11, under Hamatocactus setispinus, add to illustrations: Schulz,
500 Wild Fl. San Antonio pl. 12, as Echinocactus setispinus.
On page 107, vol. 111, under Strombocactus disciformis, add to illustrations: Remark,
Kakteenfreund 12, as Echinocactus turbiniformis.
On page 123, vol. 111, at end of Echinofossulocactus, insert the following:
Echinocactus tetracentrus Lemaire (Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 31. 1839) has not been
identified. It is to be referred to one of the species of Echinofossulocactus.
Echinocactus barcelona (Cact. Journ. 2: 79, 175, 191) was offered for sale by F. A.
Walton.
On page 124, vol. 11, under Ferocactus stainesi1, insert: Echinocactus pilosus canescens
Scheidweiler is listed in Index Bibliographique (286. 1887).
On page 129, vol. 111, under Ferocactus lecontei, insert: Echinocactus leopoldiu (Belg.
Hort. 25: 132. 1876) was only briefly described when awarded a prize in Belgium.
Schumann referred it as a synonym of EL. cylindraceus, while De Laet, who saw the plant,
thought it was a form of Ferocactus leconte1. It is misspelled in Volume 111.
Add to illustrations: Wiener Ill. Gart. Zeit. 11: pl. 3, in part; Thomas, Zimmerkultur
Kakteen 32; Watson, Cact. Cult. ed. 3. f. 26, as Echinocactus lecontet.
On page 130, vol. m1, under Ferocactus acanthodes, add to illustrations: Thomas,
Zimmerkultur Kakteen 40, as Echinocactus cylindraceus.
On page 132, vol. 111, insert:
lla. Ferocactus johnstonianus Britton and Rose, sp. nov.
Plants simple, short-cylindric, 6 dm. high or less, up to 3.5 dm. in diameter; ribs 24 to 31, with
margins undulate; areoles elliptic, rather closely set; spines 20 or more, subulate, very much alike,
none hooked, slightly spreading and more or less outwardly recurved, 7 cm. long or less, yellow to
brownish yellow, annulate; flowers including ovary 5 cm. long; perianth-segments narrow, yellowish,
or the outer ones tinged with red, short-acuminate, the margins slightly erose; filaments yellowish
below, becoming reddish above; stigma-lobes 8 to 13, flesh-colored; scales on the ovary orbicular;
fruit small, 2.5 cm. in diameter, the seed dehiscing by a large pore at the base; seeds angled, black,
pitted, 2 mm. long; hilum small, circular, depressed, white.
Collected by Ivan M. Johnston at Angel de la Guardia Island, Lower California
May 2, 1921 (Nos. 3394, type, and 3395).
This species is perhaps nearest Ferocactus diguetiit but is much smaller and has fewer
ribs, many more spines in a cluster, and yellow flowers.
On page 140, vol. m1, under Ferocactus viridescens, add to illustrations: Blithende
Kakteen 3: pl. 177, as Echinocactus viridescens.
On page 143, vol. ur, under Ferocactus latispinus, add to illustrations: Remark,
Kakteenfreund 13, as Echinocactus cornigerus flavispinus.
Also add the note: Cactus cornigereus Mocifio and Sessé (De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 461.
1828) is given as a synonym of Echinocactus cornigerus.
On page 144, vol. 11, under Ferocactus hamatacanthus, add to illustrations: Rother,
Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 106, as Echinocactus longihamatus.
On page 148, vol. m1, under Echinomastus erectocentrus, insert: Mr. C. R. Orcutt has
called our attention to the fact that in Echinomastus erectocentrus the fruit opens by
splitting down one side, and in this respect differs from our generic description. This
character in the description was drawn from a study of the fruits of E. zmtertextus, the only
species in this genus of which we know much about the fruit. He also states that the fruit
of Astrophytum myriostigma splits open on one side, an observation we had not recorded.
On page 150, vol. 11, under Echinomastus unguispinus, add to illustrations: Thomas,
Zimmerkultur Kakteen 31; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 200. f. 132, as Echinocactus ungut-
spinus.
288 THE CACTACEAE.
On page 155, vol. m1, under Gymnocalycium denudatum, insert: Echinocactus denudatus
multiflorus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 178) is only a name.
Also add to illustrations: Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 41, as Echinocactus denu-
datus.
On page 157, vol. 11, under Gymnocalycium saglione, add to illustrations: Thomas,
Zimmerkultur 37, as Echinocactus saglionts.
On page 158, vol. 11, under Gynocalycium gibbosum add to illustrations: Van Géel,
Sert. Bot. 1: 113, as Cactus gibbosus.
On page 159, vol. m1, under Gymnocalycium brachyanthum, insert: Illustration:
Mollers Deutsche Girt. Zeit. 36: 145. No. 11, as Echinocactus brachyanthus.
On page 161, vol. m1, under Gymnocalycium monvillet, add to illustrations: Mollers
Deutsche Girt. Zeit. 36: 145. f. 1, as Echinocactus monvillet.
On page 168, vol. 11, under Echinocactus grusonii, add to illustrations: Watson, Cact.
Cult. ed. 3. f. 23; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 30; Deutsche Garten-Zeitung
28. f. 6; Zeitschrift Sukkulentk. 1: 15.
On page 168, vol. 111, under Echinocactus ingens, add to illustrations: Remark, Kakteen-
freund 14.
On page 171, vol. 11, under Echinocactus visnaga, add to illustrations: Balt. Cact.
Journ. 2: 181.
On page 181, vol. 11, insert the following paragraphs:
Echinocactus acutispinus Hildmann (Deutsche Garten-Zeitung 1886: 116. f. 27. 1886)
was described and figured, but the plant is a small, barren one which we have not been
able to associate with any described species. It came from Mexico and may be one of the
species of Echinocactus.
Echinocactus cylindricus Hortus (Forbes, Hort. Tour Germ. 152) was described as
cylindrical, with 12 or 13 ribs, the radial spines white and the central ones light brown.
It was introduced from Mexico in 1836. It can not be identified.
On page 182, vol. m1, under Homalocephala texensts, add to illustrations: Schulz, 500
Wild Flowers of San Antonio, pl. 13 in part as Echinocactus texensis.
Echinocactus darrahii Schumann (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 21. 1902) is only
mentioned.
Echinocactus dicracanthus Hortus (Forbes, Journ. Hort. Tour Germ. 160) is only a
name.
Echinocactus inflatus Gillies (Steudel, Nom. ed. 2. 1: 536. 1840) seems never to have
been published. Steudel simply states that it was from Chile.
Echinocactus praegnacanthus Forster (Handb. Gartenz. 17: 160. 1861) is a plant from
Chile which has never been identified.
Echinocactus purpureus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 106. 1895) is listed by Schumann
as in Gruson’s Garden.
Echinocactus rhodanthus (Forbes, Journ. Hort. Tour Germ. 151) is only a name.
On page 182, vol. m1, under Astrophytum myriostigma, add to illustrations: Remark,
Kakteenfreund 11; Balt. Cact. Journ. 1: 82.
On page 185, vol. 111, under Astrophytum capricorne, add to illustrations: Remark,
Kakteenfreund 12, as Echinocactus capricornis.
On page 188, vol. 11, under Malacocarpus tephracanthus, add the synonym: Echino-
cactus sellowit tetracanthus Lemaire in Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 150. 1908.
Insert: Echimocactus buchheimianus Haage in Quehl (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 74.
1899) has been described briefly but its flower and fruit are unknown. It is said to
resemble E. sellowit.
APPENDIX. 289
Add to illustrations: Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 15, as Cereus tephracanthus.
On page 193, vol. 111, under Malacocarpus concinnus, add to illustrations: Succulenta 3:
22, 48, as Echinocactus concinnus.
On page 193, vol. 111, under Malacocarpus scopa, add to illustrations: Rother, Prak-
tischer Leitfaden Kakteen 107, as EXchinocactus scopa cristatus; Kaktusy 26, as Echinocactus
scopa; Kaktusy 27, as E. scopa cristata; Kaktusy 28, as E. scopa rubra.
On page 195, vol. ur, under Malacocarpus linkit, insert: Echinocactus ottonis linkit
Hortus (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 554. 1885) is given as a synonym of E. linkit.
On page 196, vol. m1, under Malacocarpus ottonis, add to illustrations: Succulenta 3: 56,
as Echinocactus ottonis tenuispinus; Rother, Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 34, as E. ottonts.
On page 198, vol. 11, under Malacocarpus erinaceus, add to illustrations: Watson,
Cact. Cult. 98. f. 32, as Echinocactus corynodes.
On page 200, vol. 11, under Malacocarpus mammulosus, add to illustrations: Rother,
Praktischer Leitfaden Kakteen 30, as Echinocactus submammulosus.
On page 202, vol. m1, under Malacocarpus haselbergit, add to illustrations: Succulenta
3:31, as Echinocactus haselbergit.
On page 205, vol. m1, under Malacocarpus leninghausi, add to illustrations: Succu-
lenta 3: 39, as Echinocactus leninghausit.
On page 207, vol. 111, under Hickenia micro-
sperma, add to illustrations: Succulenta 3: 71;
5: pl. 1; Thomas, Zimmerkultur Kakteen 35, as
Echinocactus microspermus.
On page 237, vol. m1, insert the following:
19. Cactus oaxacensis sp. nov.
Globular to ovoid, 12 to 15 em. thick, with a
small, low crown only 2 to 3 em. high and 3 to 4 cm.
broad; ribs 11 to 15, prominent, usually rounded;
radial spines 8 to 12, subulate, more or less recurved
at first, reddish brown but grayish in age, 2 cm. long
or less; central spines 1 or sometimes 2, erect or por-
rect; flowers slender, about 2 cm. long, dark rose;
filaments and style light yellow; fruit thick-clavate,
2 to 4.5 em. long, scarlet, shiny; seeds small, black.
This plant was illustrated and mentioned
in the place here cited (Cactaceae 3: 237. f.
249) but was not given a specific name. Since
then C. R. Oreutt reports finding it at Salina
Cruz and Dr. B. P. Reko sends us a photograph
and flowers obtained by him in 1923, while Dr.
J. A. Purpus re-collected it in 1923 (type) and Sees
has sent us living plants. Fic. 262.—Cactus oaxacensis.
Illustration: Cactaceae 3: 236. f. 249, as Cactus sp.
Figure 262 is from a photograph of the plant sent us by Dr. Reko.
On page 238, vol. 111, insert: Melocactus ellemeetit Miquel (Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 4:
336. 1858) and M. pachycentrus Suringar (Verh. Akad. Wettensch. Amst. II. 8: 28. 190r)
have not been identified. r
On page 238, vol. m1, at end of Cactus add: Cactus aculeatissimus is listed by Stendel
(Nom. 131. 1821) credited to Zeyher and cited by the Index Kewensis, but it has never
been identified.
Cactus tuna major is used by Roxburgh (Hort. Beng. 37. 1814).
290 THE CACTACEAE.
Cactus reptans Willdenow (Ann. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 33. 1813) was taken up in this
work by mistake as Cereus reptans.
Cactus neglectus Dehnhardt (Rivist. Napol. I. 3: 166.), according to the Index
Kewensis, is a species of Pereskia.
Cereus erinaceus is credited to Haworth by Steudel (Nom. ed. 2. 1: 334. 1840) and said
to come from the West Indies. Steudel must have had in mind Cactus erinaceus Haworth;
if so, the plant is from South America.
Cereus torrellianus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 42. 1910) is probably a misspelling for
C. tonelianus.
Figure 263, shown below, gives a typical Arizona landscape in which Carnegiea gigantea
is the dominant plant.
This index covers the four volumes.
the particular volume.
Aaron’s beard, I, 175
Acanthocereus, II, 1, 2, 15,
121-126, 207, 281
albicaulis, II, 122, 125, 126
brasiliensis, II, 122, 125, 126
colombianus, II, 122
floridanus, IV, 276
horridus, II, 122, 123
occidentalis, II, 122, 125
INDEX.
Ariocarpus—continued.
fissuratus, III, 80,
IV, 25, 286
furfuraceus, III, 80, 81, 184
kotschoubeyanus, III, 80, 82
V, 286
kotschubeyanus, III, 82
lloydii, III, 83
medowellii, III, 82
81, 83;
pentagonus, II, 122,
124, 191; IV, 276
subinermis, II, 122, 125
Acanthorhipsalis, IV, 208, 211-
213
crenata, IV, 211, 212
micrantha, IV, 211
monacantha, IV, 211, 212
Acutangules, II, 122
Agave, I, 117
Agave cactus, III, 108
Agave lophantha, III, 109
Agua-colla, II, 135
Ahoplocarpus, I, 11
Airampo, I, 161
Alati, IV, 186
Alfilerillo, I, 26
Algae, IV, 65
Alicoche, III, 40
Ammophilae, I, 45, 211; IV,
265
Ancistracanthi, III, 45
Ancistrocactus, IV, 3-5
123,
brevihamatus, IV, 4, 5
megarhizus, IV, 4
scheeri, IV, 4, 5
Angulosae-tetragonae, IV, 168
Anhalonium, III, 80, 83
aloides pulvilligerum, III, 81
areolosum, III, 80
aselliforme, IV, 59-
elongatum, III, 80, 81
engelmannii, III, 83; IV, 286
fissipedum, III, 82
fissuratum, III, 83; IV, 286
furfuraceum, III, 80
heteromorphum, III, 83
jourdanianum, III, 85
kotschoubeyanum, III, 82
kotschubeyanum, III, 82
kotschubeyi, IV, 286
lewinii, III, 84, 85
prismaticum, III, 80, 81
pulvilligerum, III, 80, 81
retusum, III, 80
rungei, III, 84
subnodusum, IIT, 84
sulcatum, III, 82; IV, 286
trigonum, III, 80, 81
turbiniforme, III, 106
visnagra, III, 84
williamsii, uM, 84, 85; IV, 286
Anomaili, II,
Aporocactus, iL, 183, 217-221
baumannii, II, 174
colubrinus, II, 174
conzattii, II, 217, 220, 221
flagelliformis, II, 217, 218,
219, 221; IV, 284
flagriformis, II, 217, 218, 219
leptophis, II, 217, 218; IV,
284
martianus, II, 217, 220, 221;
IV, 284
Apple, I, 9
Arequipa, III, 77, 100, 101
leucotricha, III, 101
myriacantha, III, 1o1
Aria, III, 80
Ariocarpus, III, 77, 78, 80-83,
84, 93 .
arelliformis, IV, 59
prismaticus, III, 80
pulvilligerus, III, 80
retusus, III, 80, 81 ; IV,
sulcatus, III, 82
trigonus, III, 80, 81; IV, 286
williamsii, III, 84
Arrojadoa, II, 2, 170, 171, 178
penicillata, I, 170, 171
rhodantha, II, 170
Astrophytum, III, 78.
182-185
asterias, III, 182, 183, 184
capricorne, III, 182, 184; IV,
288
glabrescens, III, 185
myriostigma, III,
185; IV, 287, 288
ornatum, III, 182, 185
prismaticum, III, 182
Aulacothele sulcolanatum, IV,
38
Aurantiacae, I, 45, 74, 106
Austrocactus, III, 3, 44, 45
bertinii, III, 44
Ayrampo, I, 135
Azureae, II, 4
Bande du sud, II, 151
Barbados gooseberry, I, 10
Barrel cacti, III, 131
Bartschella, IV, 3, 57-59
schumannii, IV, 58
Basilares, I, 45, 118, 193; 1V,262
Bauhinia, II, g2
Bavoso, II, 86
Beaucarnea, I, 117
Beaver-tail, I, 120
Bergerocactus, II, 2, 107, 108;
III, 4
emoryi, II, 107, 108; IV, 274
Bergerocereus, II, 108
Bigelovianae, I, 44, 5)
Binghamia, II, 2, 167- oes. IW,
279
acrantha, II, 167, 168
melanostele, II, 167,
IV, 279
multangularis, IV, 2
Bisnaga, III, 134
Blade apple, I, 10
Borzicactus, II, 2,
173; III, 103
acanthurus, II, 159, 161
aurivillus, II, 159, 163, 226
decumbens, II, 159, 162
fieldianus, IV, 277, 278
humboldtii, II, 159, 163
icosagonus, II, 159, 160
morleyanus, II, 159, 160, 161
plagiostoma, II, 159, 163
sepium, II, 159, 160
ventimigliae, II, 159, 160
Bottle cactus, II, 60
Brachycereus, II, 2, 120, 121
thouarsii, II, 120, 121
Brain cactus, III, 90
Brasilienses, I, 45, 209
Brasiliopuntia, I, 209
Breebee, II, 18
Bromeliads, II, 42; IV, 183
Browningia, II, 2, 63, 64
candelaris, II, 63, 64
Bullsucker, I, 43, 116
286
167,
182, 183,
168;
159-164,
291
Button cactus. III, 93
Cabeca branca, II, 30
Cabeca de frade, III, 221, 235
Cabeza del viego, III, 28
Cactaceae, I, 3, 8; II, 1, 211;
9. Sy
Cactales, I, 8
Cactanae, II, 1; III, 216; 1V, 273
Cacti, Be Bo Gh Wo Oh Beh iin BO
» 49, 66, 67, 80, 87, 94,
oe III, 126, 137, I5I, 216,
219, 220; II, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9,
19, 21, 23, 25, 28, 32, 65,
67 M7i7s S2ye 13s) LLOs) LL
I2I, 122, 124, 127, 145,
147, 159, 165, 166, 167,
169, 173, 176, 177, 178,
182, 183, 185, 189, 196,
212, 214, 216, 217, 224;
III, 3, 4, 6, 32, 33, 42, 46,
61, 63, 64, 70, 90, 91, 100,
108, 109, 123, 166, 167,
172, 179, 202, 207, 212,
Dig; DAVn DN, DAG - DA),
236; IV, 3, 6, 14, 19, 33,
48, 51, 53, 58, 64, 70, 71,
100, 107, 118, 134, 145,
155, 177, 183, 185, 186,
I9I, 205, 206, 208, 211,
213, 215, 216, 219, 220,
249, 250, 253, 256, 275, 284
Cactier rouge, III, 232
Cactier rouge main, III, 226
Cactodendron, I, 42, 43
Cactus, I, 5, 6, 8, 9, 23, 30, 32,
34, 35, 43, 49, 87, 88, 93,
107, I13, 114, 116, 120,
121, 463064) 07777) S05,
Ap 210, 215, 216, or
AR WG 315 Gp Oy Uh aio 2
40, 42, 58, 61, 62, 64, es
70, 71, 72, 76, 87, 88, 90,
92, 102, 107, III, 113, 115,
124, 125, 135, 140, 147,
150, I51, 153, 158, 159)
163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
170, 172, 179, 181, I91,
192, 195, 210, 212, 221,
PPD, weyle INO, Bp Oy Wo Bn
29, 31, 32, 44, 45, 54, 60,
78, 90, 91, 104, 106, 107,
109, 123, 142, 155, 166,
170, 173, 175, 182, 186,
193, 208, 212, 213, 215,
216, 220-238; IV, 3, 4, 6,
22, 24, 35, 53> 57, 60, 71,
79, 95, 98, 141, 156, 162,
163, 172, 177, 186, 201,
203, 204, 249, 250, 253, 261,
277, 280, 289
abnormis, II, 12
acanthophlegma, IV, 107
acanthostephes, IV, 41
acicularis, IV, 171
aciculatus, IV, 132
ackermannii, IV, 198
actinopleus, IV, 172
aculeatissimus, III, 238; IV,
289
aeruginosus, IV, 88
affinis, IV, 88
alatus, IV, 205, 213, 243
albisetosus, IV, 270
albisetus, IV, 270
alpinus, IV, 165
alteolens, III, 218
alternatus, IV, 79
amabilis, IV, 172
ambiguus, II, 118, 119; III,
98; IV, 175
americanus, IV, 273
The large capitals occurring before the figures indicate
Pages of principal entries are in heavy-faced type.
Cactus—continued.
amoenus, III, 222, 232
ancistracanthus, IV, 15
ancistrius, IV, 131
ancistrodes, IV, 149
anguineus, IV, 134
anizogonus, IV, 282
arboreus, I, 209, 210
areolosus, IV, 286
argenteus, IV, 172
atratus, III, 97
atroruber, IV, 172
atrosanguineus, IV, 172
aulacanthus, IV, 171
aulacothele, IV, 30
aurantiacus, I, 107
aurantiiformis, III, 238
aureiceps, IV, 114
aureus, II, 105
auricomus, IV, 118
auroreus, IV, 118
ayrampo, IV, 261
bahiensis, III, 222
barbatus, IV, 144
barlowii, IV, 172
bellatulus, IV, 165
beneckei, IV, 171
berteri, III, 97, 98
bertini, IV, 285
bicolor, III, 105
biglandulosus, IV, 31
bihamatus, IV, 140
bispinus, IV, 108
bleo, I, 17, 63
bocasanus, IV, 147
bockii, IV, 78
bolivianus, IV, 256
bonplandii, I, 223
bradypus, I, 121; II, 27
brandegeei, IV, 73, 74
brasiliensis, I, 209
brevimamma, IV, 31
brevisetus, IV, 172
broadwayi, III, 217,
225, 229
brownii, IV, 33
brunneus, IV, 15
bulbispinus, IV, 255
caesius, III, 222, 232,
234, 235
caespititius, IV, 165
calcaratus, IV, 48
californicus, I, 58
campachianus, IV, 253
candelaris, II, 63, 145
canescens, IV, 113
capillaris, IV, 122, 123
caripensis, II, 124; IV, 226
carneus, IV, 88
cassythoides, IV, 227
caudatus, IV, 175
celsianus, IV, 112
centricirrhus, IV, 78
centrispinus, IV, 95
cephalophorus, IV, 41
ceratocentrus, IV, 32
chiloensis, II, 137
chinensis, I, 156, 157
chlorocarpus, II, 224
chrysacanthus, IV, 122
cirrhifer, IV, 91
clavatus, IV, 255
clavus, IV, 30
coccinellifer, I, 179, 224; IV,
252
coccineus, III, 79
cochenillifer, I, 34, 35, 173;
IV, 253
columnaris, IV, 99, 107
communis, III, 224, 225, 226
compactus, IV, 36
, 234
233,
292
Cactus—continued.
compressus, I, 127; IV, 91
conicus, IV, 70
conodeus, IV, 17
conoideus, IV, 17
conopseus, IV, 78
coquimbanus. II, 88, 139
corniferus, IV, 39
cornigerus, IV, 287
corollarius, IV, 172
coronarius, IV, 176
coronatus, III, 224; IV, 172,
176
corrugatus, T, 95; I1I, 179
crassispinus, IV, 122
crebrispinus, IV, 18
crinitus, IV, 150
crispatus, III, 116
crocidatus, IV, 87
cruciformis, IV, 215
cruciger, IV, 113
curassavicus, I, 102; IV,
curvispinus, III, 203; Vir ae
cylindraceus, IV, 127
eylindricus, I, 63, 77; IV,
140, 141, 176, 231
dasyacanthus, IV, 55
dealbatus, IV, 110
decipiens, IV, 131
decumanus, I, 180
densispinus, IV, 119, 120
densus. IV. 134
dentatus, IV, 214, 241
depressus, III, 177; IV, 132,
140
diadema, IV, 78
dillenii, I, 162, 163
disciformis, III, 106
discolor, IV, 132
divaricatus, II, 151; IV, 78,
278
divergens, IV, 78
dolichocentrus, IV, 106
dyckianus, IV, 107
eborinus, IV, 173
eburneus, I, 95; Il, 225
echinaria, IV, 136
echinocactodes, IV, 17
echinocactoides, IV, 17
echinocarpus, IV, 254
echinus, IV, 18, 42
ehrenbergii, IV, 78
elatior, I, 153
elegans, IV, 107, 205
elephantidens, IV, 32
elongatus, I, 179; IV, 134
emoryi, IV, 255
engelmannii, IV, 27, 28
ensiformis, IV, 201
epidendrum, IV, 227
erectacanthus, IV, 173
erectus, IV, 32
eriacanthus, IV, 127
erinaceus, III, 198; IV, 290
eschanzieri, IV, 156
euchlorus, IV, 173
euphorbioides, II, 33
eximius, IV, 118
exsudans, IV, 31
fascicularis, II, 141
fasciculatus, IV, 162, 229
fellneri, IV, 173
ferox. I, 199, 200, 206
ficus-indica, I, 177
fimbriatus, I, 13; II, 87, 151
fischeri, IV, 95
flagelliformis, II, 217, 218,
219
flavescens, IV, 166
flavispinus, II, 60
floribundus, III, 97
foersteri, IV, 78
foliosus, I, 105; III, 179
formosus, IV, 90
foveolatus, IV, 83
fragilis, I, 193
frutescens, I, 27
THE CACTACEAE.
Cactus—continued.
fulvispinus, IV, 176
fulvispinosus, II, 50
funalis, IV, 231
funckii, IV, 93
fuscatus, IV, 122
gabbii, IV, 73, 74
garipensis, IV, 226
geminatus, IV, 173
geminispinus, IV, 98
gibbosus, III, 158, 159, 1773
IV, 173, 288
glabratus, IV, 173
gladiatus, IV, 78
glanduliger, IV, 31
glaucus, IV, 78
glochidiatus, IV, 149
glomeratus, IV. 124
goodridgii, IV, 158
gracilis, II, 151; IV, 136
grahamii, IV, 155, 156
grahlianus, III, 209
grandicornis, IV, 173
grandiflorus, II, 196,
198; IV, 17, 251
granulatus, IV, 125
griseus, IV, 166
guilleminianus, IV, 131
gummifer, IV, 74
gumumiferus, IV, 74
haageanus, IV, 110
haematactinus, IV, 173
halei, IV, 22
hamatus, IV, 140
harlowii, III, 221, 222, 232
haworthianus, IV, 124
haworthii, II, 44 :
heinei, IV, 166
helicteres, IV, 167
hemisphaericus, IV, 75
heptagonus, II, 43; III, 237
heterocladus, I, 210
heterogonus, III, 237
heteromorphus, IV, 25
hexacanthus, IV, 167
hexagonus, II, 3, 4, 5, 43,
223; IV, 266
heyderi, IV, 75
moe encmnisphacricus: ID,
75>
needs I, 21; III, 202, 203;
IV, 251, 2
humboldtii, II, 163; IV, 130
humifusus, I, 127
humilis, I, 113
hybridus, IV, 198
hyptiacanthus, III, 156
hystrix, II, 86; IV, 78
icosagonus, II, 160
imbricatus, IV, 254
incurvus, IV, 173
indicus, I, 156
intertextus, IV, 134
intortus, III, 220, 221, 222,
230, 231
irregularis, IV, 167
isabellinus, IV, 118
italicus, IV, 266
jamacaru, II, 8
jucundus, IV, 173
kageneckii, II, 20
karwinskianus, IV, 95
kleinei, IV, 173
klugii, IV, 107
kotschoubeyi, III, 82
kotschubei, III, 82
kotschubeyi, III, 82
krameri, IV, 78
kunthii, IV, 107
lactescens, IV, 78
laetus, II, 99
lamarckii, III, 224, 22
lanatus, II, 61, 62
lanceolatus, I, 179
langsdorfii, III, 199, 200
lanifer, IV, 113
lanuginosus, II, 49
197;
Cactus—continued.
lanuginosus aureus, II, 20
lasiacanthus, IV, 128
lasiacanthus denudatus, IV,
129
latimamma, IV, 41
latispinus, III, 143
lecchii, II, 20
lehmannii, IV, 31
lemairei, III, 222, 225, 226
leucocentrus, IV, 167
leucodasys, IV, 173
leucodictyus, IV, 173
leucotrichus, IV, 93
linkeanus, IV, 118
linkii, I, 121; III, 195
lividus, IV, 173
longimamma, IV, 163
longisetus, IV, 91
loricatus, IV, 168
lucidus, I, 10
ludwigii, IV, 76
luteus, III, 238
lyratus, IV, 217, 218
serait III, 222, 226;
IV,
secre ont A, III, 222
macromeris, IV, 25
macrothele, IV, 30
maculatus, IV, 15
magnimamma, IV, 77
mallisonii, II, 219
mamnunillaris, I, 4; 1V, 53, 65,
70, 71, 166
mamimillaris glaber, IV, 70
mamiunillaris lanuginosus, IV,
166
mammnillaris prolifer, IV, 124
martianus, IV, 31
maschalacanthus, IV, 93
maximus, IV, 263
maxonii, III, 221, 222, 227,
228
megacanthus, IV, 78
meiacanthus, IV, 84
meissneri, IV, 107
melaleucus, IV, 63
melocactoides, III, 222, 228,
235
melocactus, II, 29, 30; III,
220, 221, 222, 224, 233
melocactus communis, III,
224
mensarum, III, 238
meonacanthus, III, 224
mexicanus, II, 197
micans, IV, 173
micracanthus, IV, 173
micranthus, IV, 239
microceras, IV, 78
microdasys, I, 120, 121
micromeris, III, 93
micromeris greggii, III, 93
microthele, IV, 70, 109
minimus, IV, 134
mirabilis, IV, 118
missouriensis, IV, 53
missouriensis robustior, IV.
52
missouriensis similis, IV, 52
mitis, IV, 175
moniliformis, I, 206, 207
monocanthos, I, 156
mucronatus, IV, 173
muehlenpfordtii, IV, 112
multangularis, II, 19; III,
139, 142; IV, 279
multiceps, IV, 125
multisectus, IV, 173
mutabilis, IV, 93
mystax, IV, 93
nanus, I, 21
napoleonis, II, 191
neglectus, IV, 290
neo-mexicanus, IV, 45
neryi, III, 222, 236, 237
neumannianus, IV, 77, 78
Cactus—continued.
niger, II, 44; IV, 171
nigricans, I, 153; IV, 116, 262
niveus, IV, 98
nivosus, IV, 71
nobilis, III, 123,
158; IV, 98
nopal, IV, 253
notesteinii, IV, 53
nudus, IV, 168
oaxacensis, IV, 289
obconella, IV, 106
obliquus, IV, 173
obtusipetalus, III, 222, 232
obvallatus, III, 115; IV, 174
octacanthus, IV, 31
octogonus, II, 4; III, 238
odieranus, IV, 122
olorinus, IV, 174
oothele, IV, 174
opuntia, I, 43, 115, 127, 128,
129, 163, 177
opuntia inermis, I, 161, 162
opuntia nana, I, 127, 128
opuntia polyanthos, I, 115
opuntia tuna, I, 157
opuntiaeflorus, I, 27
oreas, III, 222, 227
ottonis, I, 121; III, 195, 196,
197; IV, 26
ovatus, II, 20
ovimamma, IV, 174
ovoides, I, 95
oxypetalus, IV, 189
pallescens, IV, 88
palmeri, IV, 140
paniculatus, II, 82; IV, 280,
281
paradoxus, I, 209
parasiticus, IV, 219, 225, 229
parkinsonii, IV, 98
parryi, IV, 254
parvifolius, IV, 266
parvimamma, IV, 70
parvispinus, III, 237
pazzanii, IV, 78
pectinatus, IV, 34
pendulinus, IV, 226
pendulus, IV, 225, 227
pentacanthus, IV, 78
pentagonus, II, 15, 121, 123,
141, 143,
193
pentlandii, I, 98
pereskia, I, 9, 10, 11; IV, 251
persicanus, IV, 174
peruvianus, II, 11, 13, 225;
III, 234; IV, 266
peruvianus jamaicensis, IV,
278
pfeifferanus, IV, 39
phaeacanthus, IV, 116
phaeotrichus, IV, 174
phellospermus, IV, 60
phyllanthoides, IV, 204, 205
phyllanthus, IV, 186, 187,
188, 197, 198
phymatothele, IV, 76
pictus, IV, 169
pitajaya, II, 15, 123
placentiformis, III, 219, 220
plaschnickii, IV, 31
plecostigma, IV, 169
pleiocephalus, IV, 174
polyanthos, I, 113, 115; IV,
259
polycentrus, IV, 118
polycephalus, IV, 113
polyedrus, IV, 102
polygonus, II, 47; IV, 101
polymorphus, II, 139, 174
polythele, IV, 88
polytrichus, IV, 102
pomaceus, IV, 118
pondii, IV, 23
portulacifolius, I, 23
pottsii, IV, 136
praelii, IV, 96
Cactus—continued.
pretiosus, IV, 118
pringlei, IV, 114, 116
prismaticus, II, 123; III, 80
procerus, IV, 174
prolifer, IV, 71, 124
proliferus, IV, 124
proteiformis, III, 238
pruinosus, II, 88
pseudococcinellifer, I, 153
pseudomammnillaris, IV, 132,
133
pseudotuna, III, 238
pubescens, IV, 257
pugionacanthus, IV, 174
pulchellus, IV, 132
pulcher, IV, 169
pulcherrimus, IV, 118
pulvilliger, IV, 286
purpureus, IV, 174
pusillus, I, 105; IV, 124
pycnacanthus, IV, 41
pyramidalis, III, 222
pytrhocephalus, IV, 99
pyrrhochroacanthus, IV, 122
quadrangularis, II, 124
quadratus, IV, 175
quadriflorus, IV, 254
quadrispinus, IV, 88
radians, IV, 36
radians pectinoides, IV, 36,
Sh7/
radiosus, IV, 43
radiosus alversonii, IV, 46
radiosus arizonicus, IV, 45
radiosus chloranthus, IV, 43
tadiosus deserti, IV, 46
radiosus neo-mexicanus, IV,
45
recurvatus, IV, 27
recurvispinus, IV, 51
recurvus, III, 123, 141, 142;
IV, 78
reductus, III, 158
regalis, IV, 266
regius, IV, 174
repandus, II, 17, 151, 152
treptans, IV, 290
reticulatus, IV, 264
retusus, IV, 38
thaphidacanthus, IV, 15
rhodanthus, IV, 122
rhodanthus sulphureospinus,
IV, 116, 122
thodeocentrus, IV, 174
robustior, IV, 52
robustispinus, IV, 33
rosa, I, 19, 20
roseanus, IV, 22
roseus, IV, 174
rotundifolius, I, 27
royenii, II, 50
tueschianus, IV, 174
tuestii, III, 221, 222, 227
tuficeps, IV, 122
rufidulus, IV, 174
rufocroceus, IV, 174
rutilus, IV, 169
salicornioides, IV, 217, 218
salm-dyckianus. IV, 39
salmianus, I, 74
salvador, III, 222, 228, 229
saxatilis, IV, 169
scepontocentrus, IV, 41
schaeferi, IV, 112
scheeri, IV, 28
scheidweilerianus, IV, 148
schelhasei, IV, 149
schiedeanus, IV, 128
schilinzkyanus, III, 210
schlechtendalii, IV, 30
schlumbergeri, IV, 269
scolymoides, IV, 18, 39
scolymoides sulcatus, IV, 48
scopa, III, 193
seemannii, IV, 170
seidelii, IV, 174
INDEX.
Cactus—continued.
seitzianus, IV, 83
sempervivi, IV, 86
senilis, II, 25, 27; IV, 19
sepium, II, 160
sericeus, I, 134
serpens, II, 163
serpentinus, II, 118, 119
setispinus, IV, 22
setosts, IV, 88
severinii, IV, 174
similis, IV, 52
solitarius, IV, 175
sororius, IV, 170
speciosissimus, II, 128, 129;
WA 2)777,
speciosissimus lateritius, II,
128; IV, 277
speciosus, II, 127, 128; IV,
175, 205, 244, 277
speciosus grandiflorus, IV,
201
speciosus lateritius, IV, 277
spectabilis, IV, 174
sphacelatus, IV, 138
sphaericus, IV, 61
sphaerotrichus, IV, 130
spinaureus, IV, 170
spini, IV, 132, 133
spinosissimus, I, 204; IV,
118, 119
spinosus, IV, 175
splendidus, IV, 253
squarrosus, IV, 91
stella-auratus, IV, 134
stellaris, IV, 125
stellatus, IV, 124, 125
stellatus texanus, IV, 125
stenocephalus, IV, 122
stramineus, IV, 166
strictus, I, 161; II, 44
strobiliformis, IV, 54
stueberi, IV, 122
subangularis, IV, 91
subcroceus, IV, 134
subcurvatus, IV, 78
subechinatus, IV, 134
subinermis, I, 34
subpolyedrus, IV, 105
subquadriflorus, IV, 254
subquadrifolius, I, 65;1V, 254
subrepandus, IV, 278
subtetragonus, IV, 88
subulifer, IV, 174
sulcatus, IV, 48
sulcolanatus, IV, 37
sulphureus, I, 134
supertextus, IV, 107
sylvestris, III, 238
tectus, IV, 174
tentaculatus, IV, 122
tenuis, IV, 134, 215
teres, IV, 227
tetracanthus, IV, 106
tetracentrus, IV, 78
tetragonus, II, 9, 14
tetrancistrus, IV, 60
texanus, IV, 125
texensis, IV, 76
tomentosus, I, 73; IV, 175
torquatus, IV, 245
townsendii, III, 222, 234
triacanthos, I, 112
triacanthus, IV, 91
triangularis, II, 183, 187,
188, 192, 193, 194, 212;
IV, 282
triangularis aphyllus, II, 187
triangularis foliaceus, II, 192
trichotomus, III, 238
trigonus, II, 192
triqueter, II, 192; IV, 243
truncatus, IV, 177, 179, 180
tuberculatus, I, 214
tuberculosus, IV, 54
tuna, I, 113, 114, 163
tuna elatior, I, 153
Cactus—continued.
tuna major, IV, 289
tuna nigricans, I, 153
tunicatus, I, 65
turbinatus, III, 106
uberiformis, IV, 63
umbrinus, IV, 164
uncinatus, IV, 140
undulosus, II, 123
urumbeba, I, 156, 157
urumbella, I, 157
varimamma, IV, 175
versicolor, IV, 78
verticillatus, III, 238
vetulus, IV, 130
villifer, IV, 102
villosus, III, 103
virens, IV, 95
viridis, IV, 96
viviparus, IV, 43, 44, 45
vrieseanus, IV, 174
vulpinus, IV, 118
webbianus, IV, 87
wegeneri, IV, 175
wildianus, IV, 143
winkleri, IV, 41
woburnensis, IV, 100
wrightii, IV, 152
xanthotrichus, IV, 93
zegschwitzii, IV, 175
zehntneri, III, 222, 235, 236
zephyranthodes, IV, 159
zepnickii, IV, 175
zinniaeflorus, I, 21
Cactuses, II, 116
Calibanus caespitosus, IV, 132
Camuessa, I, 191
Candebobe, II, 96
Cane cactus, I, 43
Capilliformes, IV, 220
Cardon, II, 70, 96; III, 232; IV,
277
Cardon grande, II, 140
Cardoncillo, II, 112
Carnegiea, II, 2, 164-167, 178
gigantea, II, 133, 164, 165,
166, 178; IV, 155, 279, 290
Cassuthae, IV, 220
Cassytha, IV, 219
baccifera, IV, 227
filiformis, IV, 219, 225
polysperma, IV, 227
Cephalocactus, IIT, 85
Cephalocereus, I, 116; II, 1, 3,
13, 25-60, 178, 224, 225;
III, 6, 79; 1V, 268
alensis, II, 26, 55
arrabidae, II, 26, 42, 43, 136;
IV, 268
bahamensis, II, 26, 38
bakeri, II, 39, 40
barbadensis, IT, 26, 44, 45, 46)
brasiliensis, II, 26, 57
brooksianus, II, 26, 49
californicus, II, 224
catingicola II, 26, 49, 56; 1V,
269
chrysacanthus, II, 26, 48
chrysomallus, II, 72
collinsii, IV, 269, 270
colombianus, II, 26, 34, 55, 56)
columna, II, 76
columna-trajani, II, 76
cometes, II, 26, 51, 52
compressus, II, 193
deeringii, II, 26, 38, 39
delaetii, III, 6
dybowskii, II, 25, 30, 58
euphorbioides, II, 25, 33
exerens, II, 42
fluminensis, II, 25, 29, 33,
57; 1V, 268
fouachianus, II, 51
gaumeri, II, 26, 47
gounellei, II, 25, 34, 35; III,
236
hermentianus, II, 58; IV, 270]
293
Cephalocereus—continued.
hoppenstedtii, II, 25, 27, 225
keyensis, II, 26, 40
lanuginosus, II, 18, 26, 49,
50; IV, 269
leucocephalus, II, 26, 52, 53;
IV, 269
leucostele, II, 25, 36, 37, 39,
60
macrocephalus, II, 25, 31,
75, 76; IV, 268
maxonii, II, 26, 48, 53
melanostele, II, 167; IV, 279
melocactus, II, 29, 30, 58
millspaughii, II, 26, 45, 46
monoclonos, II, 26, 40, 41
moritzianus, II, 26, 41, 42
nobilis, II, 26, 44, 45; IV, 269
palmeri, II, 26, 53
pasacana, IV, 277
pentaedrophorus, II, 25, 31
phaeacanthus, II, 26, 57
piauhyensis, II, 26, 48, 49
polygonus, II, 26, 47; IV, 269
polylophus, II, 25, 32; IV,
268
purpureus, II, 25, 28, 29
purpusii, II, 26, 56; IV, 269
robinii, II, 26, 39, 40
robustus, II, 26, 51, 52
royenii, II, 26, 46, 50; IV,
269
russelianus, II, 25, 33, 34, 56
sartorianus, II, 26, 53
schlumbergeri, IV, 269
scoparius, II, 26, 41
senilis, II, 25, 27, 28, 31;
III, 4, 6; IV, 268
smithianus, II, 26, 36, 37
swartzii, II, 26, 46, 47
tetetzo, IV, 272
tweedyanus, II, 26, 54, 55
ulei, II, 26, 52, 58
urbanianus, II, 26, 43
zehntneri, II, 25, 35
Cephaloidei, III, 85, 90, 176
Cephalophora, II, 25
Cephalophorus, II, 25
columna-trajani, II, 76
senilis, II, 27
Ceratistes copiapensis, III, 186
Cereanae, II, 1; III, 3; IV, 177
Cereeae, I, 8, 24, 215; II, 1,
111; III, 3; IV, 3
Cerei, II, 59, 70
Cereus, I, 58, 75, 151, 215, 217;
Il, 1, 3-21, 33, 41, 42, 47,
58, 59, 68, 77, 82, 87, 105,
108; E10, 118, 122, 12/7,
144, 145, 147, 152, 158,
163, 164, 170, 173, 192,
BUG) \PNig DAA, DAG, DAN,
225; Ill, 3, 8, 11, 23, 25,
45, 60, 76, 78, 79, 121, 132,
154, 166, 237; IV, 48, 64,
71, 180, 186, 189, 208, 209,
210, 211, 266, 267, 268, 274
abnormis, II, 12
acanthosphaera, II, 209
acanthurus, II, 161
acidus, II, 84
acifer, III, 12
aciniformis, III, 23
ackermannii, IV, 198
acranthus, II, 168
acromelas, II, 59
aculeatus, II, 21
acutangulus, II, 123, 124,
157
adscendens, II, 155, 156
adustus, III, 23
adustus radians, III, 24
aethiops, II, 4, 16, 17, 18;
IV, 266
affinis, II, 14
aggregatus, III, 14; IV, 47
alacriportanus, II, 4, 6, 7
294
Cereus—continued.
alamosensis, II, 169
alatus, IV, 213, 243
alatus crassior, IV, 214
albertinii, Ii, 21
albiflorus, II, 128
albisetosus, II, 58
albispinus, II, 37, 59, 118
albispinus major, II, 59
alensis, II, 55
amalonga, IV, 267
amalonga cristata, IV, 267
amazonicus, II, 24
ambiguus, II, 118
ambiguus strictior, II, 118
amblyogonus, II, 20
amecaensis, II, 129
amecamensis, II, 129; 1V, 277
americanus octangularis, II,
89
americanus triangularis, II,
193
amoenus, III, 33
andalgalensis, III, 56
andryanus, II, 59
anguiniformis, II, 22, 174
anguinus, II, 175
angulosus, II, 32
anisacanthus, II, 1o2
anisacanthus ortholophus, II,
102
anisacanthus subspiralis, II,
102
anisitsii, II, 23
anizogonus, II, 193
anomalus, IV, 181
antoinii, II, 201
apiciflorus, II, 107
aquicaulensis, II, 180
aragonii, II, 92, 103
aragonii palmatus, II, 92
arboreus, II, 80
arcuatus, II, 124
arendtii, II, 154
areolatus, II, 159
arequipensis, II, 134, 145
argentinensis, II, 4, 11, 12
armatus, II, 50
arrabidae, II, 42, 43
arrigens, II, 180
articulatus, I, 89
assurgens, II, 77, 79
atacamensis, II, 145
atropurpureus, II, 154
atrovirens, II, 21
aurantiacus, II, 128
aurantiacus superbus, II, 129
auratus, IV, 268
auratus genuinus, IV, 268
auratus intermedius, IV, 268
auratus mollissimus, IV, 268
auratus pilosus, IV, 268
aureus, II, 44, 105, 106, 107
aureus pallidior, II, 44
aurivillus, II, 173, 226
aurora, II, 219
azureus, II, 4, 15, 16
azureus seidelii, II, 15
bacciferus, IV, 227
bahamensis, II, 38
bajanensis, II, 124
bakeri, II, 39
balansaei, II, 157, 158
barbatus, II, 51
baumannii, II, 173, 174, 217
baumannii colubrinus, IT, 174
baumannii flavispinus, 11,174
baumannii smaragdiflorus,
Il, 174
bavosus, II, 86; IV, 273
baxaniensis, II, 123, 124; 1V,
276
baxaniensis ramosus, II, 124
belieuli, II, 96
beneckei, II, 18; IV, 273
beneckei farinosus, II,
IV, 273
18;
THE CACTACEAE.
Cereus—continued.
bergerianus, II, 72
berlandieri, III, 20, 21; 1V,
285
bertini, III, 44
bertinii, III, 44, 45
beysiegelii, II, 223
biformis, IV, 201, 202
bifrons, II, 128
bigelovii, III, 8, 9
bigelovii zuniensis, III, 14
biolleyi, II, 215
blanckii, III, 20
blankii, III, 21; IV, 285
boeckmannii, II, 202;
283
bolivianus, II, 136
bonariensis, II, 7
bonplandii, II, 157, 158; IV,
278
bonplandii brevispinus, II,
IV,
157
bonplandii pomanensis, II,
155
brachiatus, II, 86
brachypetalus, II, 67
bradtianus, I, 215
bradypus, II, 27
brandegeei, III, 34
brandii, II, 14
breviflorus, II, 82, 83
brevispinulus, II, 200
brevistylus, II, 66
bridgesii, II, 134
bridgesii brevispinus, II, 134
bridgesii lageniformis, II,
134
bridgesii longispinus, II, 134
brookii, II, 151
brooksianus, II, 49
caesius, II, 4, 13, 15
caespitosus, III, 25, 26; IV,
285
caespitosus castaneus, III, 25
caespitosus major, III, 25
caespitosus minor, III, 25
calcaratus, II, 193
californicus, I, 58; II, 224
callicanthus, II, 197
callicoche, III, 182
calvescens, II, 11
calvus, II, 69, 70
candelabrius, II, 126
candelabrum, II, 95, 96; IV,
273
candelaris, II, 63
candicans, II, 142, 143; III,
28; IV, 277,
candicans courantii, II, 142
candicans dumesnilianus, II,
143; IV, 277
candicans gladiatus, II, 142
candicans robustior, II, 142
candicans spinosior, II, 143
candicans tenuispinus, II,
142
caracore, LV, 266
caripensis, II, 124; IV, 226
castaneus, II, 84
catamarcensis, II, 146
catingae, IV, 269
catingicola, II, oe IV, 269
cauchinii, II, 8
caudatus, II, 20; IV, 175
cavendishii, II, 21, 22; IV,
268
celsianus, II, 171, 172
chacoanus, IT, 224
chalybaeus, II, 4, 16, 17, 223
chende, II, 90, 91
chichipe, II, 89, 90
childsi, IV, 266
chilensis, II, 137, 138, 139
chilensis acidus, II, 84
chilensis breviflorus, II, 83
chilensis brevispinulus, II,
139
Cereus—continued.
chilensis eburneus, II, 139
chilensis flavescens, II, 139
chilensis fulvibarbis, II, 139
chilensis funkianus, II, 138
chilensis heteromorphus, II,
137
chilensis linnaei, II, 139
chilensis nigripilis, II, 140
chilensis panhoplites, II, 137
chilensis polygonus, II, 137
chilensis poselgeri, II, 137
chilensis pycnacanthus, II,
137
chilensis quisco, II, 139
chilensis spinosior, II, 139
chilensis zizkaanus, II, 137,
224
chilensis zizkeanus, II, 224
chiloensis, I, 79; II, 84, 137,
138
chiloensis lamprochlorus, II,
133
chiotilla, II, 65, 66; IV, 270
chloranthus, III, 16, 17
chlorocarpus, II, 224
chotaensis, II, 163
chrysacanthus, II, 48
chrysomallus, II, 72
cinerascens, III, 23
cinerascens crassior, III, 23
cinerascens tenuior, III, 23
cinnabarinus, II, 129; IV,
277
cirrhiferus, III, 23
clavarioides, I, 73
clavatus, II, 94
claviformis, III, 43
coccineus, II, 127, 210, 211,
212; III, 14; IV, 48
cochal, II, 180; IV, 280
coerulescens, II, 17, 59; IV,
266
coerulescens fulvispinus, II,
17
coerulescens landbeckii, II,
17
coerulescens longispinus, II,
17
coerulescens melanacanthus,
Il, 17
coeruleus, II, 17
cognatus, II, 123
colombianus, II, 55
colubrinus, II, 174, 217; IV, |
279
colubrinus flavispinus, II,
174
colubrinus smaragdiflorus, II !
175
columna-trajani, II, 76
columnaris, II, 224
colvillii, II, 14
cometes, II, 52
compressus, II, 192, 193
concinnus, II, 21
concolor, III, 25, 26
conformis, II, 103
conglomeratus, III, 39
conicus, II, 33
coniflorus, II, 199
conoideus, III, 13, 14
coquimbanus, II, 83,
225; IV, 272
coracare, II, 10
coryne, II, 64, 65; IV, 270
cossyrensis, IT, 152
crenatus, II, 59; IV, 192
crenulatus, II, 49, 59
crenulatus gracilior, II, 49
crenulatus griseus, II, 87
crimsonii, II, 219
crispatus, IV, 245
crispatus crenulatus, IV, 244
crispatus laevior, IV, 244
cruciformis, IV, 215, 216
ctenoides, III, 19
139,
Cereus—continued.
cubensis, II, 149
cumengei, II, 116
cupulatus, II, 74
curtisii, II, 44
cyaneus, IV, 266
cylindricus, I, 77
damacaro, II, 21
damazioi, II, 159
dasyacanthus, III, 19
dasyacanthus minor, III, 31
dasyacanthus neo-mexican-
us, III, 19
dautwitzii, II, 61, 62
davisii, II, 154
dayamii, II, 4, 11
decagonus, II, 59
decandollii, II, 13
decorus, II, 20
decumbens, II, 162
deficiens, II, 94
de laguna, II, 20
del moralii, II, 90, 91; [V, 273
denudatus, III, 155
deppei, III, 23
devauxii, II, 128
dichroacanthus, III, 97, 98
diguetii, II, 111
divaricatus, II, 151
divergens, II, 151
donatii, II, 203
donkelaari, II, 200: IV. 230
donkelaerii, II, 200
donkelarii, II, 200
dubius, III, 39
duledevantii, II, 139
dumesnilianus, II, 143, 159
dumortieri, II, 102
dusenii, III, 197
dussii, II, 123
dybowskii, II, 30
dyckii, II, 92, 93
eburneus, II, 20, 87, 89, 99,
IO, Bal, wage IMU, Ags
IV, 273
eburneus clavatus, II, 94
eburneus monstrosus, II, 88
eburneus polygonus, II, 87,
88
edulis, II, 89
ehrenbergii, III, 41
elegans, II, 139; 1V, 216
emoryi, II, 108; IV, 274
engelmannii, III, 38
engelmannii albispinus, IV,
285
engelmannii caespitosus, IV,
285
engelmannii chrysocentrus,
II, 38
engelmannii fulvispinus, IV,
285
engelmannii pfersdorfii, IV,
285
engelmannii variegatus, III,
38
enneacanthus, III, 36, 37;
IV, 285
enriquezii, II, 88
erectus, II, 49, 152
erectus cristatus, II, 193
erectus maximus, II, 13
ericomus, II, 43
erinaceus,, IV, 290
eriocarpus, II, 145
eriophorus, II, 149, 202; IV,
278
eriophorus laeteviridis, II,149
eruca, II, 114, 115, 116; IV,
276
erythrocephalus, III, 79
estrellensis, II, 216
euchlorus, II, 21, 22; IV, 268
euphorbioides, II, 33
exerens, II, 42, 43
extensus, II, 191
eyriesii, II, 159; III, 65
Cereus—continued.
farinosus, II, 18; IV, 273
fascicularis, II, 141
fendleri, III, 35, 36
fendleri pauperculus, III, 35
fercheckii, II, 140
fernambucensis, II, 14
ferox, II, 30
fimbriatus, II, 151
flagelliformis, II, 218, 219;
IV, 21, 284
flagelliformis cristatus, IV,
284
flagelliformis funkii, II, 219
flagelliformis leptophis, II,
218
flagelliformis mallisoni, II,
219
flagelliformis minor, II, 218,
219; IV, 230
flagelliformis nothus, II, 219
flagelliformis scotii, II, 219
flagelliformis smithii, II, 219
flagelliformis speciosus, II,
219
flagriformis, II, 219, 220
flavescens, II, 20; III, 212;
IV, 71
flavicomus, II, 52
flaviflorus, III, 15
flavispinus, II, 20, 60
flavispinus hexagonus, II,
224
flemingii, IV, 283
flexuosus, II, 116
floccosus, II, 50, 51
fluminensis, II, 29
foersteri, II, 53
forbesii, II, 7
formosissimus, IV, 286
formosus, II, 14
formosus monstrosus, IV, 266
fouchianus, II, 50
foveolatus, III, 98
fulgens, II, 210
fulgidus, II, 210
fulvibarbis, II, 139
fulviceps, II, 72
fulvispinosus, II, 50
fulvispinus, II, 140
funkii, II, 137
galapagensis, II, 146, 147
garambello, II, 180
geminisetus, II, 224
gemmatus, II, 74; III, 66,
67; 1V, 271
geometrizans, II, 20, 179,
180; IV, 280
geometrizans cochal, II, 180
geometrizans pugioniferus,
II, 179, 180
geometrizans quadrangula-
rispinus, II, 179, 180
geometrizans quadranguli-
spinus, II, 180
ghiesbreghtii, II, 60
gibbosus, III, 158
giganteus, II, 135, 164, 167;
IV, 279
gilliesii, III, 75
gilvus, II, 137
glaber, II, 216
gladiator, II, 179
gladiator geometrizans, II,
8
180
gladiatus, II, 142
gladiatus courantii, IV, 277
gladiatus vernaculatus, IV,
277
gladiger, II, 87, 88, 180
gladiiger, II, 87
gladilger, II, 87
glaucescens, II, 59
glaucus, II, 8, 15
glaucus speciosus, II, 14
glaziovii, II, 109
glomeratus, III, 15
INDEX.
Cereus—continued.
gloriosus, II, 51
glycimorphus, ITI, 23
gonacanthus, III, ro
gonzalezii, II, 77, 214
gracilis, II, 19, 147, 151, 209
gracilis scandens, II, 198
grandifloro-speciosissimus,
IV, 283
grandiflorus, II, 197, 198,
199; IV, 282, 283
grandiflorus affinis, II, 197
grandiflorus barbadensis, IT,
198
grandiflorus callicanthus, IT,
197
grandiflorus flemingii, IV, 283
grandiflorus grusonianus, II,
nO7e Bro en
grandiflorus haitiensis, II,
197
grandiflorus hybridus, II,
210
grandiflorus macdonaldiae,
IV, 283
grandiflorus major, II, 198
grandiflorus maximiliani, II,
197
grandiflorus maynardii, II,
210
grandiflorus mexicanus, II,
197
grandiflorus minor, II, 197
grandiflorus ophites, II, 197
grandiflorus ruber, II, 210
grandiflorus schmidtii, II, 197
grandiflorus speciosissimus,
II, 210
grandiflorus spectabilis, II,
197
grandiflorus uranos, II, 197
grandiflorus viridiflorus, IT,
197.
grandis, II, 14
grandis gracilior, II, 14
grandis ramosior, II, 14
grandispinus, II, 87
greggii, II, 112, 113, 122;
IV, 275
greggii cismontanus, II, 112
greggii roseiflorus, II, 112
greggii transmontanus, II,
112, 113
grenadensis, II, 4, 18, 223
griseus, II, 87
grossei, II, 174
grusonianus, II, 203; IV, 283
guasabara, IV, 266
guatemalensis, II, 89, 119
guelichii, IT, 158
gummatus, II, 117
gumminosus, II, 117
gummosus, II, 116, 117; IV,
276
haageanus, II, 19
haematuricus, II, 8
haitiensis, IV, 283
hamatus, II, 203, 205
hankeanus, II, 3, 7, 8
hansii, II, 128
hassleri, II, 211
haworthii, II, 44
hayni, III, 102, 103
hempelianus, II, 136
heptagonus, III, 237
hermannianus, II, 17
hermentianus, II, 58
heteracanthus, II, 224
heteromorphus, II, 137
hexaedrus, III, 10
hexagonus, II, 4, 5, 9, 13,
223, 224; III, 238; IV, 266
hexangularis, II, 14
hildmannii, II, 103
hildmannianus, II, 4, 6
hirschtianus, II, 119; IV,
276
Cereus—continued.
hoffmannseggii, III, 98
hollianus, II, 85, 86
hondurensis, II, 199
hoogendorpii, II, 22
hookeri, IV, 197. 198
hoppenstedtii, II, 27; IV,
268
horizontalis, II, 20
horrens, II, 195
horribarbis, II, 8
horridus, II, 5, 9
houlletii, II, 52, 53; IV, 269
huascha, IJ, 142; III, 57
huascha flaviflorus, II, 142
huascha flaviformis, II, 142
huascha rubriflorus, III, 56
huitcholensis, III, 8
humboldtii, II, 163
humilis, II, 209, 210
humilis major, II, 210
humilis minor, II, 209
humilis myriacaulon II, 210
humilis rigidior, II, 210
huottii, III, 63
hyalacanthus, II, 173, 176
hybridus, II, 210
hypogaeus, II, 106, 107
hystrix, II, 86, 87, 99, 103;
IV, 273
ianthothele, IV, 210
ianthothelus, IV, 210
icosagonus, II, 160
ictidurus, II, 224
imbricatus, I, 63
incrassatus, II, 21
incrustans, II, 74
incrustatus, Il, 74
incurvispinus, III, 72
inermis, II, 207, 208; III, 183
inermis laetevirens, TI, 208
ingens, III, 171
insularis, II, 2
intricatus, II, 143
inversus, II, 191
iquiquensis, II, 83
irradians, II, 202
isogonus, II, 160, 161
jacquinii, II, 21
jJalapaensis, II, 199
jamacaru, II, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9,
15, 182; IV, 266
jamacaru caesius, IT, 15
jamacaru glaucus, II, 9
janthothele, IV, 210
jasmineus, IIT, 66
jenkinsoni, II, 128
jenkinsonii verus, II, 128
joconostle, II, 93
josselinaeus, II, 129
jubatus, II, 52
jusbertii, II, 157, 158
kageneckii, II, 20
kalbreyerianus, II, 118
karstenii, II, 5, 207, 208
karwinskii, II, 21
kerberi, II, 170
kewensis, II, 40; IV, 283
knightii, IV, 215
knippelianus, III, 32
kostratus, II, 205
kunthianus, II, 200, 201
labouretianus, II, 8
laetevirens, II, 8
laetevirens caesius, II, 15
laetus, II, 99
laevigatus, II, 88
laevigatus guatemalensis, II,
8
9
lagenaeformis, II, 134
lamprochlorus, II, 132, 133
lamprochlorus salinicolus, II,
133
lamprospermus, II, 4, 10
lanatus, II, 61, 62
lanceanus, II, 191
landbeckii, II, 17; IV, 266
295
Cereus—continued.
langlassei, II, 20
laniceps, II, 173, 175
lanuginosus, II, 49; IV, 71
lanuginosus aureus, II, 20
lanuginosus glaucescens, II,
49
lasianthus, II, 134
lateribarbatus, II, 76
lateritius, II, 128
latifrons, IV, 188, 189
lauterbachii, II, 22
lecchii, II, 20
leeanus, III, 9
lehmannii, IV, 31
leiocarpus, II, 50
lemairei, II, 189; IV, 282
lemoinei, II, 189
leonensis, III, 20
leonii, II, 78
lepidanthus, II, 76
lepidotus, II, 4, 5, 6; IV, 284
leptacanthus, III, 22; IV,
285
leptophis, II, 218; IV, 284
leucanthus, II, 72
leucostele, II, 36, 37
limensis, II, 20
lindbergianus, II, 211
lindenzweigianus, II, 23
lindmanii, II, 211
linkii, III, 195
linnaei, II, 137
lividus, II, 8, 9
lividus glaucior, II, 9
longicaudatus, II, 205
longifolius, II, 20
longipedunculatus, II, 21
longisetus, III, 42
longispinus, II, 137; III,
37; IV, 285
lormata, II, 21; III,
IV, 267
lumbricoides, IV, 230
lutescens, II, 44
macdonaldiae, II, 202, 203;
IV, 283
macracanthus, III, 43
macrocephalus, II, 31
macrogonus, II, 43, 130, 136;
IV, 277
macrostibas, II, 181, 182
maelenii, IV, 8
magnus, II, 159
malletianus, II, 145
mallisonii, II, 219
mamillatus, III, 41
margaritensis, II, 4, 18, 22
marginatus, II, 69, 74; IV,
197, 271
marginatus cristatus, IV, 271
marginatus gemmatus, II, 74
marginatus gibbosus, II, 74
marginatus monstrosus, IV,
27
mariculi, II, 209
maritimus, III, 15
marmoratus, II, 23
martianus, II, 219, 220, 2213
IV, 284
martinii, II, 155, 190
martinii perviridis, II, 155
maximiliani, II, 197
maxonii, II, 48
maynardae, II, 210
maynardii, II, 210
megalanthus, II, 212
melanacanthus, II, 17
melanotrichus, II, 68
melanurus, II, 109, 110
melocactus, II, 29
mendory, II, 17
merkeri, Ill, 35
mexicanus, II, 129; IV, 200
micranthus, IV, 211
microsphaericus, II, 159; IV,
181
2375
296 THE CACTACEAE.
Cereus—continued. Cereus—continued. Cereus—continued. ! Cereus—continued.
militaris, II, 73
militaris californicus, II, 86
millspaughii, II, 45
minor, II, 218
minutiflorus, II, 195
miravallensis, II, 213
mirbelii, II, 74
mixtecensis, II, 89, 90
moeninghoffii, II, 219
mojavensis, III, 8, 9
mojavensis zuniensis, III, 14
mollis, II, 44
mollis nigricans, II, 44
monacanthus, II, 155, 190
moniliformis, I, 206, 217
monoclonos, II, 13, 41
monstrosus, II, 12
monstrosus minor, II, 12
monstruosus, II, 12
montevidensis, III, 98
montezumae, II, 143
monvilleanus, II, 173
moritzianus, II, 41, 42
moritzianus pfeifferi, II, 42
multangularis, II, 19, 20, 30;
III, 142, 143; IV, 279
multangularis albispinus, II,
20
multangularis limensis, II, 20
multangularis pallidior, II,
19
multangularis prolifer, II, 20
multangularis rufispinus, II,
21
multicostatus, III, 9
multiplex, III, 64; IV, 286
multiplex cristatus, III, 64
multiplex monstrosus, III, 64
myosurus, IV, 215
myosurus tenuior, IV, 216
myriacaulon, II, 209
myriophyllus, II, 143
nanus, I, 217; II, 19
napoleonis, II, 185, 187, 191;
IV, 282
nashii, II, 151
nelsonii, IV, 283, 284
nesioticus, II, 120, 121
neumannii, II, 119
nickelsii, II, 32
niger, II, 44
niger gracilior, II, 44
nigricans, II, 44
nigripilis, II, 139, 140; IV,
277
nigrispinus, II, 17
nitens, II, 132
nitidus, II, 123
nobilis, II, 44
northumberlandia, II, 4
northumberlandianus, II, 4
nothus, II, 201
nudiflorus, II, 113, 114
nycticallus, II, 200, 201, 216
nycticalus, II, 196, 199; IV,
283
nycticalus armatus, II, 199
nycticalus gracilior, II, 201
nycticalus maximiliani, II,
197, 201
nycticalus peanii, IV, 283
nycticalus viridior, II, 201
nyriacaulon, II, 209
obtusangulus, II, 22; IV, 181
obtusus, II, 4, 13, 14, 15, 16
ocamponis, II, 184, 185
ochracanthus, II, 20
octacanthus, III, 13
octogonus, II, 59
olfersii, II, 33
oligolepis, II, 228
olivaceus, II,
ophites, II, 21
orcuttii, II, 70
ottonis, III, 196
ovatus, I, 91; II, 20
oxygonus, III, 64
oxypetalus, IV, 188, 189
pachyrhizus, II, 4, 10
pacificus, III, 12
palmeri, II, 177
banicila tus: II, 82; IV, 280,
i Sneplaentie: Gi Bp 1637/5
13
papillosus, III, 19
paradisiacus, II, 198
paradoxus, I, 209
paraguayensis, II, 6, 7
parasiticus, IV, 226
parviflorus, II, 173, 176
parvisetus, II, 175
parvulus, IV, 181
pasacana, II, 133; III, 74, 76
patagonicus, III, 197
paucispinus, III, 10, 14
paxtonianus, II, 21, 22
peanii, II, 201
pecten-aboriginum, II, 70,
71; IV, 271
pectinatus, III, 29; IV, 285
pectinatus armatus, III, 24
pectinatus centralis, III, 149,
150
pectinatus laevior, III, 30
pectinatus rigidissimus, III,
27
pectinatus spinosus, III, 24
pectiniferus, III, 29
pellucidus, II, 79, 122, 153
penicillatus, II, 171
pensilis, III, 8
pentaedrophorus, II, 31
pentagonus, II, 123, 195,
210, 213
pentagonus glaucus, II, 31
pentalophorus, II, 31
pentalophus, III, 21, 22
pentalophus leptacanthus,
III, 22
pentalophus radicans, II,
210; III, 21
pentalophus simplex, III, 21,
22
pentalophus subarticulatus,
IDOLS Gin, 253
pentapterus, II, 213
pepinianus, II, 137
perlucens, II, 4, 13
pernambucensis, II, 4, 14,
15, 213; LV, 266
perotetti, II, 9
perrottetianus, II, 4, 6
peruvianus, II, 3, 4, 5, II,
13, 135, 147; IV, 266
Bewiyiauus alacriportanus,
,6
peruvianus brasiliensis, II,
13
peruvianus cristatus, II, 12
peruvianus monstrosus, II,
I2, 13; IV, 266
peruvianus monstrosus mi-
nor, II, 13
peruvianus monstruosus, II,
223
peruvianus monstruosus na-
nus, II, 12
peruvianus spinosus, II, 13
peruvianus tortuosus, II, 12
peruvianus tortus, II, 12
perviridis, IV, 267
pfeifferi, II, 42
pfersdorffii, II, 117
phaeacanthus, II, 57
phatnospermus, II, 24
philippii, II, 105
phoeniceus, III, 14; IV, 48,
285
phoeniceus inermis, III, 14
phoeniceus pacificus, III, 12
phyllanthoides, IV, 205
phyllanthoides albiflorus, IV,
205 ;
phyllanthoides curtisii, IV,
205
phyllanthoides guillardieri,
IV, 205
phyllanthoides jenkinsonii,
IV, 205
phyllanthoides stricta, IV,
205
phyllanthoides vandesii, IV,
205
phyllanthus, IV, 187, 188
phyllanthus marginatus, IV,
188
piauhyensis, II, 49
pitahaya variabilis, IV, 267
pitajaya, II, 13, 14, 15, 123
plagiostoma, II, 163
platycarpus, IV, 242
platygonus, II, 11, 156, 157,
159
pleiogonus, III, 43
plumieri, II, 191
polyacanthus, III, 11, 15;
IV, 285
polychaetus, II, 17
polygonatus, II, 88
polygonus, II, 47
polylophus,II, 32, 33; IV, 268
polymorphus, II, 138, 139
polyptychus, IV, 269
polyrhizus, II, 185
pomanensis, II, 155, 158
pomanensis grossei, II, 155
portoricensis, II, 150
poselgeri, II, 111
poselgerianus, III, 20
pottsii, II, 112
princeps, II, 123; IV, 276
pringlei, II, 68, 69, 70
prismaticus, II, 123, 212
prismatiformis, II, 14
procumbens, III, 22; IV, 285
propinquus, III, 21, 22
mages subarticulatus,
IV, 28
maaan, Ill, 238
pruinatus, II, 21
pruinosus, IT, 88, 89
pseudosonorensis, II, 169
pteranthus, II, 200
pterocaulis, IV, 237
pterogonus, II, 201, 213
pugionifer, II, 96
pugioniferus, II, 179, 180
pugioniferus quadranguli-
spinus, II, 180
pulchellus, III, 33 . -
purpusii, II, 184
pycnacanthus, II, 137, 138
quadrangularis, II, 124
quadrangulispinus, II, 180
quadricostatus, II, 81
queretaroensis, II, 96, 97
quintero, II, 139
quisco, II, 137
radicans, II, 195
ramosus, II, 123
ramulosus, IV, 240
recurvus, III, 142
reductus, III, 158, 159
reflexus, II, 43; IV, 266
regalis, II, 20
regelii, II, 155; IV, 266
reichenbachianus, III, 25
reichenbachianus castaneus,
III, 25
repandus, II, 4, 17, 18, 151,
152, 224; IV, 278
repandus laetevirens, II, 149
reptans, II, 58, 195; IV, 290
resupinatus, II, 87
retroflexus, II, 43
rhodacanthus, III, 79
rhodanthus, II, 170
thodocephalus, II, 158
ceed el eae: Il, Bit, Bae
IV, 26
eee IV, 244
rigidispinus, II, 103
rigidissimus, III, 28
rigidus, II, 210
tobustior, III, 28
robustus, II, 21
roemeri, III, 13, 14
roetteri, III, 31
roezlii, [V 268
rogalli, II, 21
roridus, II, 89
Tosaceus, II, 201
toseanus, II, 198
rostratus, II, 203, 204, 205;
IV, 283
rothii, IV, 283
royeni, Il, 44, 50
royenii armatus, II, 40, 51
royenii floccosus, II, 51
tuber, II, 225
tuferi, II, 219
ruferi major, II, 219
tuficeps, II, 75
Tufispinus, III, 23
tussellianus, IV, 184, 185
tusselianus, II, 33
salm-dyckianus, III, 7
salmianus, III, 7, 74
salpingensis, II, 21
sanborgianus, III, 34
santiaguensis, II, 131
sargentianus, II, 177, 178;
IV, 280
saxicola, II, 21, 22
saxicola anguiniformis, II, 22
scandens, IV, 282
scandens minor, II, 197; IV,
282
scheeri, III, 6
schelhasii, III, 66
schenckii, II, 180
schickendantzii, II, 144
schmidtii, II, 197
schoenemannii, II, 21
schomburgkii, II, 191
schottii, II, 177, 178; IV,
280
schottii australis, II, 177
schrankii, II, 127
schumannii, II, 103
sciurus, III, 22
sclerocarpus, II, 146, 147
scolopendrii, IV, 188
scopa, III, 193
scoparius, II, 41
seidelii, II, 15
senilis, II, 27; IV, 268
sepium, II, 160
sericeus, I, 73
serpens, I, 217; II, 163
serpentinus, II, 20, 117, 118,
119; IV, 276, 284
serpentinus albispinus, II,
59, 118
serpentinus splendens, II,
21, 118
serpentinus stellatus, II, 118
serpentinus strictior, II, 118
serratus, II, 129
serruliflorus, II, 151
setaceus, II, 211, 212
setaceus viridior, II, 211
setiger, II, 129
setosus, II, 34, 35; IV, 215,
216
silvestrii, III, 48, 49; IV, 285
simonii, II, 169
sirul, II, 123
smaragdiflorus, II, 174, 175
smithianus, IV, 284
smithii, II, 218; IV, 284
sonorensis, II, 169
Cereus—continued.
spachianus, II, 131, 132; IV,
277
spathulatus, II, 21
speciosissimus, II, 128, 129;
IV, 277, 283
speciosissimus albiflorus, IT,
128
speciosissimus aurantiacus,
II, 128
speciosissimus blindii, II,
128
speciosissimus bodii, II, 128
speciosissimus boll willeria-
nus, II, 128
speciosissimus bowtrianus,
II, 128
speciosissimus candesii, II,
128
speciosissimus coccineus, II,
127, 128
speciosissimus colmariensis,
II, 128
speciosissimus curtisii, II,
128
speciosissimus danielsii, II,
128
speciosissimus devauxii, II,
128
speciosissimus edesii, II, 128
speciosissimus elegans, II,
128
speciosissimus eugenia, II,
128
speciosissimus finkii, II, 128
speciosissimus gebvillerianus,
II, 128
speciosissimus gloriosus, II,
128
speciosissimus
II, 128
speciosissimus guillardieri,IT,
128
speciosissimus hansii, II, 128
speciosissimus hitchensii, IT,
128
speciosissimus hitchensii hy-
bridus, II, 128
speciosissimus hitchensii spe-
ciosus, II, 128
speciosissimus
128; IV, 277
speciosissimus ignescens, II,
128
speciosissimus jenkinsonii,II,
128
speciosissimus kampmannii,
II, 128
speciosissimus kiardii, II, 128
speciosissimus kobii, II, 128
speciosissimus latifrons, II,
128
speciosissimus lateritius, II,
128; IV, 198
speciosissimus longipes, II,
128
speciosissimus
128
speciosissimus loudonii, II,
128
speciosissimus macqueanus,
Il, 128
speciosissimus maelenii, II,
128
speciosissimus maurantianus,
II, 128
speciosissimus merckii, II,
128
speciosissimus mexicanus, ITI,
128
speciosissimus mittleri, II,
128
speciosissimus
nus, II, 128
speciosissimus peacocki, II,
128
grandiflorus,
hoveyi, II,
lothii, II,
muhlhausia-
INDEX.
Cereus—continued.
speciosissimus peintneri, II,
128
speciosissimus rintzii, II, 128
speciosissimus roidii, II, 128
speciosissimus roseus albus,
II, 128
speciosissimus roseus super-
bus, II, 128
speciosissimus roydii, II, 128
speciosissimus sarniensis, II,
128
speciosissimus seidelii, IT, 128
speciosissimus seitzii, II, 128
speciosissimus selloi, II, 128
speciosissimus smithii, II,
128
speciosissimus superbus, II,
128
speciosissimus suwaroffii, IT,
128
speciosissimus suwarowii, II,
128
speciosissimus triumphans,
II, 128
speciosissimus unduliflorus,
Il, 128
speciosissimus vitellinus, II,
128
speciosus, II, 128, 129; IV,
277
speciosus albiflorus, II, 128
speciosus coccineus, II, 127
spegazzinii, II, 23; IV, 268
spegazzinii hassleri, IV, 268
spinibarbis, II, 82
spinbarbis flavidus, II, 144
spinibarbis minor, II, 139
spinibarbis purpureus, II,
139
spinosissimus, II, 11
spinulosus, II, 207
splendens, II, 21, 118
splendidus, IV, 198
squamosus, II, 173, 176
squamulosus, IV, 215
squarrosus, II, 104
steckmannii, II, 21
stellatus, II, 92, 93, 169
stenogonus, II, 4, 9, 10, 11
stenopterus, II, 190
stolonifer, IV, 268
stramineus, III, 4o
straussii, II, 171, 226; IV,
279
striatus, IT, 22, 111
strictus, II, 44
strigosus, II, 143, 144
strigosus intricatus, II, 143
strigosus longispinus, IT, 143
strigosus rufispinus, II, 144
strigosus spinosior, II, 144
subinermis, III, 16
subintortus, II, 19
subintortus flavispinus, II,
19
sublanatus, II, 43; IV, 268
subrepandus, II, 151
subsquamatus, II, ror
subtortuosus, II, 174
subuliferus, II, 137
superbus, II, 128
surinamensis, II, 13
swartzii, II, 46, 87
syringacanthus, I, 89
tacaquirensis, II, 225
tarijensis, II, 226
taylorii, II, 153
tellii, II, 21
tenellus, II, 126
tenuis, II, 19; IV, 215
tenuispinus, IV, 215
tephracanthus, III, 188; IV,
289
tephracanthus bolivianus, II,
136
terscheckii, II, 143
Cereus—continued.
testudo, II, 213
tetazo, II, 76; IV, 272
tetezo, IV, 272
tetetzo, IV, 272
tetracanthus, II, 136
tetragonus, II, 3, 4, 7, 9, 14
tetragonus major, II, 9
tetragonus minor, II, 14
tetragonus ramosior, II, 9
thalassinus, II, 5, 9
thalassinus quadrangularis,
Il, 5
thelegonoides, II, 131
thelegonus, II, 130, 131
thouarsii, II, 120, 121
thurberi, II, 68, 97, 98, 99;
Il, 43; IV, 274
thurberi littoralis, II, 97
thurberi monstrosus, II, 98
tilophorus, II, 43; IV, 268
tinei, II, 152
titan, II, 69, 70
tonduzii, II, 77, 216; IV, 284
tonelianus, II, 92; IV, 290
torrellianus, IV, 290
tortuosus, II, 154, 155
tortus, II, 83
treleasei, II, 93
triangularis, II, 187, 188,
192, 193; IV, 282
triangularis major, II, 187,
191
triangularis pictus, II, 192
triangularis undeanus, II,
193
trichacanthus, II, 44
trichocentrus, II, 21
tricostatus, II, 187
triglochidiatus, III, ro
trigonodendron, II, 19; IV,
267
trigonus, II, 186, 192
trigonus_ costaricensis, II,
186
trigonus guatemalensis, II,
184
trigonus quadrangularis, II,
124
trinitatensis, II, 189
tripteris, IV, 268
triqueter, IV, 282
truncatus, IV, 177
truncatus altensteinii, IV,
178
tuberosus, II, 111; IV, 8, 274
tunicatus, I, 66
tuniflorus, III, 67
tunilla, II, 214
tupizensis, II, 226
turbinatus, III, 66
tweediei, II, 174; IV, 279
ulei, II, 52
undatus, II, 149, 151, 152, 187
undiflorus, IV, 275
undulatus, II, 124
undulosus, II, 123
uranos, II, 197
uranus nycticalus, II, 197
urbanianus, II, 43, 198; IV,
283
ureacanthus, IT, 158
uspenski, IV, 268
vagans, II, 205
validissimus, III, 63
validus, II, 4, 7
variabilis, II, 4, 13, 14, 123,
124
variabilis glaucescens, II, 14
variabilis gracilior, II, 14
variabilis laetevirens, II, 14
variabilis micracanthus, II,
14
variabilis obtusus, II, 14
variabilis ramosior, II, 14
variabilis salm-dyckianus, II,
14
297
Cereus—continued.
vasmeri, II, 123
vaupelii, II, 202
venditus, II, 192
ventimigliae, II, 160
verschaffeltii, II, 21
victoriensis, II, 53
violaceus, II, 44
viperinus, II, 110
virens, II, 43
viridiflorus, III, 17, 18
viridiflorus cylindricus, III,
17
viridiflorus minor, IV, 285
viridiflorus tubulosus, III, 17
vulean, II, 219
vulnerator, IV, 266
warmingii, II, 42
weberbaueri, II, 141
weberi, II, 95, 96
weingartianus, II, 77, 78
wercklei, II, 208
wittii, II, 221, 222
xanthocarpus, II, 4, to
xanthochaetus, II, 225
ziczkaanus, II, 224
zizkaanus, II, 224
Chacoub, II, 187
Chaetophorae, I, 174
Chaffeyanae, I, 45, 213
Challote, III, 84
Chamaecereus, ITI, 3, 48, 49
silvestrii, III, 48; IV, 285
Chaute, III, 81
Chende, II, 91
Chente, II, 9r
Chiapasia, IV, 177, 203, 204
nelsonii, IV, 203
Chichibe, II, 90
Chichipe, II, 90
Chichituna, II, 90
Chilotos, III, 93
Chinoa, II, or
Chiotilla, II, 66
Chique-chique, IT, 35
Chique-chique das pedras, IT,
35
Chirinola, II, 115
Cholla, I, 43, 61
Christmas cactus, IV, 178
Cina, II, 169
Clavarioides, I, 44, 72
Clavatae, I, 44, 79, 84
Cleistocactus, II, 2, 173-176;
III, 60, 78, 79
anguinus, II, 173, 175
areolatus, II, 159
aureus, II, 105
baumannii, II, 163, 173, 174,
175, 226; IV, 279
baumannii colubrinus, II,
174
baumannii flavispinus, II,
174
celsianus, II, 171
chotaensis, II, 163
colubrinus, II, 174
humboldtii, II, 163
hyalacanthus, II, 176
icosagonus, II, 160
kerberi, II, 170
lanatus, II, 6r
laniceps, II, 175
monvilleanus, II, 173
parviflorus, II, 176
parvisetus, II, 175
rhodacanthus, III, 79
sepium, II, 160
serpens, II, 163
smaragdiflorus, II, 173, 174,
175
Cob cactus, III, 37
Cochal, II, 180
Cochemiea, IV, 3, 19, 21-23, 65
halei, IV, 21, 22
hallei, IV, 22
pondii, IV, 21, 23
298
Cochemiea—conlinued.
poselgeri, IV, 21, 22
rosiana, IV, 22
setispina, IV, 21, 22
Coerulescentes, II, 3, 59
Cola de diablo, I, 26
Compresso-costati, II, 3
Consolea, I, 42, 43, 202
catacantha, I, 208
ferox, I, 206
leucacantha, I, 175
rubescens, I, 43, 208
spinosissima, I, 204
Copado, II, 83
Copiapoa, Ill, 77, 85-90, 100
cinerascens, III, 85, 88
cinerea, III, 85, 86
coquimbana, III, 85, 87
echinoides, III, 85, 88
marginata, III, 85, 86
megarhiza, III, 85, 89
Corotilla, I, 96
Corryocactus, II, 2, 66-68
brachypetalus, II, 66, 67, 68
brevistylus, II, 66, 67, 68
melanotrichus, II, 66, 68
Coryphantha, III, 3, 45, 148;
IV, 3, 4, 13, 23-51, 53, 55,
57, 65, 165, 170, 175
acanthostephes, IV, 41
aggregata, IV, 25, 47, 154
ancistracantha, IV, 15
arizonica, IV, 25, 45
aulacothele, IV, 30, 31
brevimamma, IV, 31
bumamma, IV, 24, 29, 33, 51
cealacarata, IV, 48
chlorantha, IV, 25, 43, 44, 47
clava, IV, 24, 30
compacta, IV, 24, 36, 37
connivens, IV, 24, 34
conoidea, IV, 17
conspicua, IV, 51
cornifera, IV, 18, 25, 39
cubensis, IV, 23, 25, 48
daimonoceras, IV, 36
dasyacantha, IV, 55
deserti, IV, 2
durangensis, IV, 25, 42, 43
echinoidea, IV, 24, 30
echinus, IV, 25, 35, 42
elephantidens, IV, 24, 32, 33,
50
engelmannii, IV, 27, 51
erecta, IV, 24, 32
exsudans, IV, 24, 31
glanduligera, IV, 31
grahamii, IV, 155
guerkeana, IV, 24, 29
heteromorpha, IV, 2
heterophylla, IV, 2
hookeri, IV, 51
impexicoma, IV, 37
lehmanni, IV, 30, 31
loricata, IV, 168
macromeris, IV,
missouriensis, IV. ae
muehlenpfordtii, IV, 24, 28,
29, 34.
neo-mexicana, IV,
nickelsae, IV,
nivosa, IV, 71
nuttallii, IV, 53
octacantha, IV, 24, 30
ottonis, IV, 24, 2
pallida, TV, 25, 40
palmeri, IV, 25, 39
pectinata, IV, 24, 34, 35,175
poselgeriana, IV, 24, 2, 28, 2
pottsii, IV, 137
pycuacsn2 IV, 25, 40, 41
radians, IV, 24, 36, 37
radiosa, IV, 43, 60
raphidacantha, IV, 15
recurvata, IV, 24, 27
retusa, IV, 24, 38
rhaphidacantha, IV, 15
24, 25
25, 44, 45
23, 24, 35, 36
THE CACTACEAE.
Coryphantha—continued.
robustispina, IV, 24, 33
runyonii, IV, 24, 2
salm-dyckiana, IV, 25, 38, 39
scheeri, IV, 28
schlechtendalii, IV, 30
similis, IV, 52
sublanata, IV, 51
sulcata, IV, 25, 48, 49
sulcolanata, IV, 24, 37, 50
tuberculosa, IV, 54
ie IV, 25, 43, 44, 45,
Gorpnianthas: IV, 53
Coryphanthanae, II, 1; III, 77,
90, 146, 149; IV, 3, 6, 57;
62
Cow’s tongue, I, 164
Crab cactus, IV, 178, 186
Creeping devil cactus, II, 115
Criniferae, I, 140, 176
Crispatae, IV, 221
Cruciformes, I, 208
Cubenses, IV, 2
Cuija, I, 149
Curassavicae, I, 45, 102, 104,
106, 193
Curuntilla, IV, 266
Cuscuta baccifera, IV, 227
Cycead, III, 108
Cylindropuntia, I, 32, 44, 45,
46, 71, 75, 79, 84, 100, 142
Daatoe, II, 88
Deamia, II, 183, 212-214
testudo, II, 209, 213, 214
Deerhorn cactus, II, 113
Dendrocereus, II, 2, 113, 114;
IV, 281
nudiflorus, II, 113, 114; IV,
276
Denmoza, III, 77. 78, 79
rhodacantha, III, 79
Devil's head cactus, III, 182
Devil’s pincushion, III, 182
Devil's root, III, 84
Dildo, II, 22
Dildoes, I, 105
Dillenianae, I, 45, 159, 169
Discocactus, III, 216-220; IV,
70, 165
alteolens, III, 216, 217, 218
bahiensis, III, 217, 220
besleri, III, 2
hartmannii, III, 217
heptacanthus, Ill,
insignis, III, 216,
lehmannii, III, 219
linkii, III, 219
placentiformis, III, 216, 217,
218, 219; IV, 70, 165
subnudus, III, 216, 217
tricornis, III, 218
zehntneri, III, 217, 218, 220
217, 218
219, 220
Disisocactus, IV, 201
biformis, IV, 202
Disocactus, IV, 177, 201-203
biformis, IV, 201, 202
eichlamii, IV, 202, 203
Dissimiles, IV, 221
Diurna, IV, 186
Dolichothele, IV, 3, 61-64, 65
longimamma, IV, 61, 62, 63
sphaerica, IV, 61, 62
uberiformis, IV, 61, 63, 64
Dumpling cactus, III, 84
Durasnilla, I, 175
Eccremocactus, IV, 177, 204
bradei, IV, 204
Echinocactanae, II, 1; III, 3,
77-215; DV, 24, 57, 1751 274
Echinocacti, IV, 6, 34, 58
Echinocactus, I, 117; II, 1, 105,
137, 171; Ill, 3, 32, 45,
48, 49, 55, 60, 77, 78, 83,
85, 90, 92, 93, 94, 98, 100,
IOI, 104, 108, 109, 118,
123, 128, 140, 142, 148,
Echinocactus—continued.
I5I, 152, 166-181, 186,
187, 205, 206, 207, 211,
216, 237; IV, 3, 4, 6, 10,
12, 16, 24, 28, 29. 58, 137,
165, 175, 288
acanthion, III, 98, 120
acanthodes, III, 129
acanthostephes, IV, 41
aciculatus, III, 198
acifer, III, 111
acifer spinosus, III, rrr
acroacanthus, III, 120
acrocanthus, III, 121
acuatus, III, 188
acuatus arechavaletai, III,
200
acuatus corynodes, III, 198
acuatus depressus, III, 198
acuatus erinaceus, III, 198
acuatus sellowii, III, 188
acuatus spinosior, III, 188
acuatus tetracanthus, III,
188
acutangulus, III, 199
acutatus, III, 188
acutispinus, III, 179; IV, 288
acutissimus, III, 97, 98, 99,
103
acutissimus cristatus, III, 98
adversispinus, III, 121
agglomeratus, III, 136, 143
alamosanus, IIT, 137
albatus, III, 112
allardtianus, III, 114
alteolens, III, 218
amazonicus, III, 175
ambiguus, III, 88
ancylacanthus, III, 146
anfractuosus, III, 117, 123
anfractuosus ensiferus, III,
114
anfractuosus laevior, III, 116
anfractuosus orthogonus, III,
I17
anfractuosus pentacanthus,
II5, 116
anfractuosus spinosior, III,
117
anisitsii, III, 159, 161
apricus, III, 192
arachnoideus, III, 176
araneifer, III, 177
araneolarius, III, 176
arcuatus, III, 188
arechavaletai, III, 196, 197,
200, 201
arizonicus, III, 127, 128
armatissimus, III, 176
armatus, III, 178, 238
arrectus, III, 114
arrigens, III, 114
arrigens atropurpureus, III,
114
asterias, III, 183, 184
aulacogonus, III, 169, 170
aulacogonus diacopaulax,
III, 169
aurantiacus, III, 102
auratus, II, 143; III, 186
aureus, II, 105; III, 168
baldianus, III, 163, 164
barcelona, IV, 287
beguinii, III, 148, 149; IV,
16
berteri, III, 97
biceras, III, 115
Bicoler: ITI, 43, 105; IV, 11,
Teolor bolansis, IV, 11
bicolor montemorelanus, IV,
12
bicolor pottsii, IV, 12
bicolor schottii, IV, 11
bicolor tricolor, IV, 11
bolansis, IV, 11, 12
bolivianus, III, 88
Echinocactus—continued.
brachiatus, III, 121
brachyanthus, III, 159; IV,
288
brachycentrus, III, 121
brachycentrus olygacanthus,
IOHE yean
brevihamatus, IV, 4,5
brevimammus, IV, 31
bridgesii, III, 88, 89
buchheimianus, IV, 288
buckii, IV, 8
buekii, IV, 8
cachensis, III, 53
cachetianus, III, 105, 106
cachetianus orcuttii, III, 105
caespititius, IV, 16
caespitosus, III, 208, 211
californicus, III, 130, 141
campylacanthus, III, 140
candicans, II, 143
capricornis, III, 184, 185; IV, :
288
capricornis major, III, 185
capricornis minor, III, 184,
185
etmeoidest III, 99
castaniensis, III, 179; IV, 12
catamarcensis, II, 146; III,
197
catamarcensis obscurus, III,
197
catamarcensis pallidus, III,
197
cataphractus, III, 208, 210
celsianus, III, 158
centeterius, III, 203, 204
centeterius grandiflorus, III,
203, 204
centeterius major, III, 203,
204
centeterius pachycentrus, III,
203
cephalophorus, IV, 41
ceratistes, II, 143; III, 176,
178, 186
ceratistes celsii, III, 186
ceratistes melanacanthus,
Ill, 186
ceratites, III, 187
ceratitis, III, 186
cerebriformis, III, 179
cereiformis, III, 121
chereaunianus, III, 54
chilensis, III, 99
chilensis confinis, III, 99
chionanthus, III, 49, 58
chlorophthalmus, III, 32
chrysacanthion, III, 176
chrysacanthus, III, 127
cinerascens, III, 59, 87, 88, 89
cinereus, III, 86
cinnabarinus, III, 54, 59
cinnabarinus spinosior, III,
54
clavatus, III, 99, 1or
clavus, IV, 30
coccineus, III, 79
columnaris, III, 86, 87
concinnus, III, 192, 193, 208;
IV, 288
concinnus joadii, III, 192
concinnus tabularis, III, 193
confertus, III, 179
conglomeratus, III, 39, 88
conimamma, IV, 38
conoideus, IV, 17
conothelos, IV, 13
conquades, III, 199
contractus, III, 161
copiapensis, III, 88, 89, 186
copoldi, III, 130
coptonogonus, III, 109, 110,
I1t
coptonogonus major, IIT, r10
coptonogonus obvallatus, III,
115
INDEX. 299
Echinocactus—continued. Echinocactus—continued. Echinocactus—continued. Echinocactus—continued.
coquimbanus, III, 87
corniferus, IV, 15, 39
corniferus impexicomus, IV,
esenitecis longisetus, IV, 39
corniferus muticus, IV, 39
corniferus nigricans, IV, 39
corniferus rhaphidacanthus,
IV, 15
corniferus scolymoides, IV,
9
eecnieee flavispinus, III, 143
corniger rubrispinosus, III,
143 :
cornigerus, III, 116, 142, 143;
IV, 287 a
cornigerus flavispinus, III,
143; IV, 287
cornigerus latispinus, III,
143; LV, 287
corrugatus, III, 179
corynacanthus, III, 168
corynodes, III, 187, 198, 199;
IV, 289
corynodes erinaceus, III, 198
coulteri, III, 138
courantianus, III, 182
courantii, III, 188
courantii spinosior, III, 188
coxii, III, 197
crassihamatus, III, 144
crenatus, III, 98
criocereus, III, 180
crispatus, III, 115, 116, 117
crispatus cristatus, III, 117
crispatus horridus, III, 116
ctenoides, III, 19
cumingii, III, 59
cumingii flavispinus, III, 59
cummingii, III, 59
cupreatus, III, 96, 176
cupulatus, III, 176
curvicornis, III, 142
curvispinus, III, 100, 203
cylindraceus, III, 129, 130;
IV, 287
eylindraceus albispinus, III,
130
cylindraceus longispinus, III,
130
eylindricus, IV, 288
dadakii, III, 179
damsii, III, 163
darrahii, IV, 288
debilispinus, III, 121
decaisnei, III, 66
deflexispinus, III, 145
delaetii, III, 164, 165
deminutus, III, 48
densus, IV, 134
denudatus, III, 155; IV, 288
denudatus andersohnianus,
Ill, 155
denudatus bruennowianus,
LIL 163
denudatus bruennowii, III,
156
denudatus delaetianus, III,
155
denudatus delaetii, ITI, 156
denudatus flavispinus, III,
156
denudatus golzianus, III,
155
denudatus heuschkehlii, ITI,
156
denudatus heuschkelianus,
III, 155, 156
denudatus intermedius, III,
156
denudatus meiklejohnianus,
III, 155
denudatus multiflorus, IV,
288
denudatus octogonus, III,
155
denudatus paraguayensis,
III, 156
denudatus roseiflorus, III,
156
denudatus scheidelianus, III,
155
denudatus typicus, III, 155
denudatus wagnerianus, III,
155
denudatus wieditzianus, III,
155
deppii, IV, 285
depressus, III, 176, 235
dichroacanthus, III, 117
dichroacanthus spinosior,
III, 117
dicracanthus, IV, 288
dietrichianus, III, 137
dietrichii, III, 118, 119
diguetii, III, 131, 132
disciformis, III, 106
dolichacanthus, III, 136
dolichocentrus, III, 136
drageanus, IV, 10
droegeanus, IV, 10
dumesnilianus, III, 79
durangensis, III, 152
ebenacanthus, III, 99
ebenacanthus affinis, III, 99
ebenacanthus intermedius,
III, 99
ebenacanthus minor, III, 99
echidna, III, 136
echidne, III, 136
echidne gilvus, III, 136
echinatus, III, 177
echinoides, II, 138; III, 88, 89
echinoides pepinianus, II,
137
edulis, III, 170
ehrenbergii, IV, 9
elachisanthus, III; 205
electracanthus, III, 138, 139
electracanthus capuliger, IIT,
138
electracanthus haematacan-
thus, III, 147
electracanthus rufispinus, III,
“139
elegans, II, 139
elephantidens, IV, 32
ellemeetii, III, 121
ellipticus, IV, 11, 12
emoryi, III, 127, 128, 132,
133, 134
emoryi chrysacanthus, III,
127
emoryi rectispinus, III, 134
engelmannii, III, 38
ensiferus, III, 11
ensiferus pallidus, III, 114
equitans, III, 175
erectocentrus, III, 148, 149;
IV, 16, 287
erectus, IV, 32
erinaceus, III, 198, 199, 200
erinaceus elatior, III, 199
escayachensis, III, 205
exsculptus, III, 97, 98, 110
exsculptus cristatus, III, 98
exsculptus dichroacanthus,
III, 98
exsculptus elatior, III, 98
exsculptus foveolatus, III,
98
exsculptus fulvispinus, III,
98
exsculptus gayanus, III, 98
exsculptus tenuispinus, III,
98
exsculptus thrincogonus, III,
98
eyriesii, III, 60, 65, 66, 142
eyriesii glaucus, III, 66
falconeri, III, 127, 128
famatimensis, IV, 286
farinosus, II, 19
fascicularis, II, 141
fennellii, III, 158
ferox, III, 158
fiebrigii, III, 46, 47
fiedlerianus, III, 87
fischeri, IIT, 178, 238
flavescens, III, 138
flavicoma, III,s179
flavispinus, III, 143, 145
flavovirens, III, 138, 147
flexispinus, III, 117, 144
flexuosus, III; 121
floricomus, III, 200, 201
fluctuosus, III, 121
fobeanus, III, 89
foersteri, III, 121
foliosus, III, 179
forbesii, III, 62
fordii, III, 126, 127
formosus, III, 75
formosus crassispinus, III, 75
fossulatus, IV, 6, 10
foveolatus, III, 98
fricii, III, 188, 189
froehlichianus, III, 203
fuscus, III, 99
galeottii, III, 168
gayanus, III, 98
gayanus intermedius, III, 98
geissei, III, 177 »
geissei albicans, III, 177
gemmatus, III, 66
gerardii, III, 147
ghiesbrechtii, II, 60; III, 185
gibbosus, III, 152, 158
gibbosus celsianus, III, 158
gibbosus cerebriformis, III,
158
gibbosus chubutensis, III,
158
gibbosus fennellii, III, 158
gibbosus ferox, III, 158
gibbosus leonensis, III, 158
gibbosus leucacanthus, III,
158
gibbosus leucodictyus, III,
158
gibbosus nobilis, III, 158, 159
gibbosus platensis, III, 163
gibbosus pluricostatus, III,
158
gibbosus polygonus, III, 158
gibbosus schlumbergeri, III,
158
gibbosus typicus, III, 158
gibbosus ventanicola, III,
158
gigas, III, 179
gilliesii, III, 75
gilvus, III, 136
glabrescens, III, 180
gladiatus, III, 119, 120, 123
gladiatus intermedius, III,
119
gladiatus ruficeps, III, 119
glanduligerus, IV, 31
glaucescens, III, 137
glaucus, III, 143, 213
globosus cristatus, III, 158
gracilis, III, 209
gracillimus, III, 209, 211
graessneri, III, 205
grahlianus, III, 209
grahlianus adustior, III, 209
grandicornis, III, 114
grandicornis fulvispinus, III,
114
grandicornis nigrispinus, III,
114
grandis, III, 167, 169, 171
gtiseispinus, III, 122
grossei, III, 190
grusonii, III, 167, 168; IV,
288
grusonii azureus, III, 168
guerkeanus, III, 154, 155
guyannensis, III, 98
haageanus, III, 77, 170, 185
haematacanthus, III, 147
haematanthus, III, 57
haematochroanthus, III, 145
hamatacanthus brevispinus,
Ill, 145
hamatacanthus longihama-
tus, III, 145
hamatocanthus, III, 144
hamatus, III, 104, 177
hamulosus, III, 104
hankeanus, III, 99
hartmannii, III, 217
haselbergii, III, 201, 202;
IV, 289
haselbergii cristatus, III, 202
hastatus, III, rrr
hastatus fulvispinus, III, 111
haynei, III, 102, 103
haynii, III, 102, 103
helianthoidiscus, III, 107
helophorus, III, 169
helophorus laevior, III, 169
helophorus longifossulatus,
III, 16
hemifossus, III, 180
hemifossus gracilispinus, III,
180
hempelianus, III, ror
heteracanthus, III, 112, 117
heterochromus, IV, 12, 13
heteromorphus, IV, 2
hexacanthus, III, 122
hexaedrophorus, IV, 6, 7, 10
hexaedrophorus droegeanus,
IV, 10
hexaedrophorus fossulatus,
IV, 10
hexaedrophorus laboureti-
anus, IV, 6
hexaedrophorus major, IV, 6
hexaedrophorus roseus, IV, 6
hexaedrophorus subcostatus,
IV, 10 :
hexaedrus, IV, 13
heyderi, III, 122
heynei, III, 103
histrix, III, 138
hoffmannseggii, III, 98
holopterus, III, 185
hookeri, III, 122
horizontalis, III, 175
horizontalonius, III, 100,
167, 175, 177
horizonthalonius centri-
spinus, III, 175
horizonthalonius
spinus, III, 175
horizonthalonius obscuri-
spinus, III, 175
horridus, III, 202
horripilus, IV, 16
horripilus erectocentrus, III,
149
horripilus longispinus, IV, 16
humilis, III, 89, 99
huotti, III, 63
hybocentrus, III, 203, 204
hybogonus, III, 157
hybogonus saglionis, III, 157
hylainacanthus, III, 179
hypocrateriformis, III, 200
hypocrateriformis spinosior,
III, 200
hyptiacanthus, III, 154, 156,
157
hyptiacanthus eleutheracan-
thus, III, 156
hyptiacanthus megalotelus,
III, 156
hyptiacanthus nitidus, III,
156
hystrichacanthus, III, 139
hystrichocentrus, III, 122
curvi-
300
Echinocactus—conlinued.
hystrichodes, III, 122
hystrix, II, 86; III, 138, 170
inflatus, IV, 288
ingens, III, 138, 167, 168,
169, 170, 171; IV, 288
ingens edulis, III, 170
ingens grandis, III, 170
ingens helophorus, III, 169
ingens irroratus, III, 169
ingens saltillensis, III, 172;
IV, 28
ingens subinermis, III, 170,
172, 173
ingens visnaga, III, 170, 171
insculptus, IV, 7
insignis, III, 145; 1V, 287
intermedius, III, 155
interruptus, III, 98, 110
intertextus, III, 149,
197
intertextus dasyacanthus,
TIT, 149, 150; IV, 55
intortus, III, 230
150,
intortus purpureus, III, 226 |
intricatus, III, 180, 206
intricatus longispinus,
88
irroratus, III, 170
islayensis, III, 201
joadii, III, 192, 193
jeneschianus, II, 138
johnsonii, III, 141
johnsonii octocentrus,
I4t
joossensianus, III, 166
jourdanianus, III, 85
junori, III, 180
juori, III, 180
jussianus, IIT, 96
jussieui, III. 96, 97
jussieui cristatus, IIT, 96
karwinskianus, III, 169
karwinskii, III, 169
knippelianus, III, 211
krausei, III, 150
kunzei, IIT, 99
kunzei brevispinosus,
100
kunzei rigidior, III. 100
kunzii, III, 99
kurtzianus, III, 163
labouretianus, IV, 7
lamellosus, III, 113
lamellosus fulvescens,
iil,
Ul,
III,
III,
5 tay
lancifer, III, 115, 118, 119,
138
langsdorfii, IIT, 199, 200
laticostatus, III, 175
latispinosus, III, 180
latispinus, III, 143
latispinus flavispinus,
143
lecchii, II, 20
lecomtei, III, 129
lecontei, III, 129; IV, 287
lecontei albispinus, III, 129
lecontei hagei, III, 129
lecontii, III, 129; IV, 286
leeanus, IIT, 154
lemarii, III, 226
Il,
leninghausii, III, 204, 205;
IV, 289
leninghausii cristatus, III.
205
leonensis, III, 21, 158
leopoldii, III, 130; IV, 287
leucacanthus, III, 225; IV,
8,9
leucacanthus crassior, IV, 8
leucacanthus tuberosus, IV.8
leucanthus, III, 72
leucocarpus, III, 198, 199
leucodictyus, ITI, 158
leucotrichus, III, 100, ror
lewinii, III, 84
limitus, III, 140
THE
Echinocactus—continued.
lindheimeri, III, 181
lindleyi, IIT, 90
linkeanus, III, 122
linkii, III, 195; IV, 289
linkii spinosior, IIT, 195
longihamatus, III, 117, 144, |
145, 146; LV, 287
longihamatus bicolor, IIT, 145
longihamatus brevispinus,
Til, 145
longihamatus crassispinus,
II, 145
longihamatus deflexispinus,
II, 145
longihamatus_ gracilispinus,
III, 144
longihamatus hamatacan-
thus, ITI, 144
longihamatus insignis, III,
145
longihamatus sinuatus, III,
145, 146
longispinus, III, 180
lophothele, IV, 7. 8
lophothele ees Iv, 8
loricatus, III, 155; IV, 168
maassii, IIT, 202
macdowellii, ITI, 151
mackieanus, III, 158, 159
macleanii, IV, 8
macracanthus, III, 89, 169
macracanthus cinerascens,
III, 89
macrocephalus, III, 122
macrodiscus, III, 139, 140
macrodiscus decolor, III, 139
macrodiscus laevior, ITI, 139
macrodiscus multiflorus, III,
139, 140
macromeris, IV, 25
macrothele, IV, 30
macrothele _ biglandulosus.
IV, 30
macrothele lehmanni, IV, 30
maelenii, IV. 8
malletianus, III, 100, 177
mamillosus, III, 180
mammnilifer, III, 122, 137
mamimillarioides, III, 138,
203, 204
mammulosus, III, 200
mammulosus cristatus,
200
mammulosus hircinus,
200
mammulosus minor, III, 200
mammulosus pampeanus, III,
200
mammulosus spinosior, III,
200
mammulosus submammulo-
sus, III, 200
mammulosus typicus,
200
marginatus, III, 85, 86, 87
marisianus, IIT, 105
martinii, III, 189
mathssonii, ITI, 144
medowellii, III, 151
megalothelos, 22 87, 162
megarhizus, IV,
melanacanthus, Tit, 186
melanocarpus, III, 161, 162
melanochnus, III, 86
melmsianus, III, 117
melocactiformis, III,
III,
Ill,
III,
138,
139
melocactoides, III, BBs
meonacanthus, III, 22
merbellii ornatus, III, 185
merckeri, III, 180
micracanthus, III, 180
micromeris, IIT, 93
microspermus, III, 176, 207,
208; IV, 289
microspermus
III, 208
brevispinus,
CACTACEAE.
| Echinocactus—continued.
microspermus elegans, III,
208
microspermus erythranthus,
II, 208
microspermus macrancistrus,
III, 207, 208
microspermus
III, 208
mihanovichit, III, 153, 154
minax, III, 169
minax laevior, III, 169
minusculus, III, 45, 46, 176;
IV, 285
minusculus cristatus, III, 46
mirbelii, III, 185
mirbelii ornatus, III, 185
misleyi, III, 73
mitis, III, 181
molendensis, III, 201
montevidensis, III, 180
monvillei, III, 155, 161; IV,
288
mostii, III, 158
muehlenpfordtii,
IV, 28, 29
multangularis, III, 142
multicostatus, III, 111
multiflorus, ITT, 155, 156, 159
multiflorus albispinus, III,
thionanthus,
TI, 104;
159
multiflorus hybopleurus, III,
159
SE Ee parisiensis, III,
aehenlee III, 64; IV, 286
multiplex cristatus, IV, 286
muricatus, III, 194, 195
muricatus hottatani, III, 196
mutabilis, III, 177
myriacanthus, Ill, ror
myriostigma, III, 182, 183
myriostigma amabile, III,
783
myrtiostigma amabilis, III,
183
myriostigma amoenus, III,
183
mytiostigma bedinghausi,
TIT, 183
myriostigma bedinghausii,
III, 183
myriostigma beguinii, III,
183
myriostigma bellus, III, 183
myriostigma candidus, III,
183
myriostigma cereiformis, III,
183
myriostigma cinerascens, ITT,
183
myriostigma cinerascens bre-
vispinus. Ill, 183
myrtiostigma cinerascens
crassispinus, III, 183
myriostigma cinerascens
longispinus, III, 183
myriostigma cinerascens
parvimaculatus, III, 183
myriostigma columnaris, III,
182, 183
myriostigma conspicuum, III,
183
myriostigma conspicuus, III,
183
myriostigma cornutus,
183
myriostigma cornutus can-
didus, III, 183
Iii,
myriostigma crenatus, III,
1330
myriostigma darrahii, III,
183
myriostigma delaeti, III, 183
myriostigma diadematus, ITI,
183
myriostigma elegantissimus,
Ill, 183
Echinocactus—continued.
myriostigma erectus, III, 183
myriostigma formosus, III,
183
myriostigma gardei, IIT, 183
myriostigma glabrescens,III,
183
myriostigma hanburyi, III,
183
myriostigma hybridus, III,
183
myriostigma imperiale, III,
183
myriostigma imperialis, III,
183
myriostigma
183
myriostigma incomparabilis,
Ill, 183
myriostigma inermis, TIT, 183
incanus, III,
myriostigma insignis, III,
183
myriostigma jusberti, III,
183
myriostigma lapaixi, III, 183
myriostigma lapaixii, III,
183
myriostigma laurani, III, 183
myriostigma lesaunieri, III,
183
myriostigma lophothele, III,
183
mytiostigma lophothele ce-
teiformis, III, 183
myriostigma martini, III,
183
myriostigma mirabile, III,
183
myriostigma mirabilis, III,
183
myriostigma nobilis, III, 183
myriostigma nudus, III, 182,
183
myriostigma octagonus, III,
183
myriostigma octogonum, III,
183
myriostigma pentagonus,
Ill, 183
myriostigma pictus, III, 183
myriostigma princeps, III,
183
myriostigma quadratus, ITI,
183
myriostigma rebuti, III, 183
myriostigma regale, III, 183
myriostigma regalis, III, 183
myriostigma regulare, III,
183
myriostigma regulare spino-
sum, IIT, 183
myriostigma robustum, III,
183
myriostigma schilinskyi, III,
183
myriostigma schilinzkyi, III,
183
myriostigma schumannii,
II, 183
myriostigma speciosus,
183
myriostigma spectabilis, III,
183
mytiostigma spiralis, III, 183
myriostigma splendidus, ITI,
183
myriostigma variegatus, III,
183
myriostigma weberi, III, 183
myriostigma zonatus, III,
183
napinus, III, 191
netrelianus, IIT, 154
neumannianus, III, 100
neumannianus rigidior, III,
Ill,
100
nidulans, IV, 9, 10
nidus, III, 94, 207
Echinocactus—continued.
niger, III, 96
nigricans, III, 95, 96, 176
nigrispinus, III, 190, 191
nobilis, III, 158
nodosus, IIT, 17, 105
nummularioides, III, 203
obrepandus, ITI, 73
obvallatus, III, 115, 116, 119
obvallatus pluricostatus, III,
115
obvallatus spinosior, III, 115
occultus, ITI, 95
ochroleucus, III, 122
octacanthus, III, 122
octogonus, III, 64
odieri, III, 177
odieri magnificus, III, 178
odieri mebbesii, III, 178
odieri spinis nigris, III, 178
odierianus, III, 177
olaccgonus, III, r80
oligacanthus, III, 121, 170
orcuttii, III, 134, 135
oreptilis, III, 180
ornatus, III, 185
ornatus glabrescens, III, 185
ornatus mirbelii. III, 185
orthacanthus, III, 138
ottonianus, IV, 26
ottonis, III, 142, 195, 196;
IV, 289
ottonis brasiliensis, III, 196
ottonis linkii, IV, 289
ottonis minor, III, 196
ottonis pallidior, III, 195
ottonis paraguayensis, III,
196
ottonis pfeifferi, III, 196
ottonis spinosior, III, 195
ottonis tenuispinus, III. 195,
196; IV, 2
ottonis tortuosus, III, 195
ottonis uruguayus, III, 196
ourselianus, III, 159
ourselianus albispinus, III,
159
oxyacanthus, III, 180
oxygonus, III, 64, 65
oxypterus, III, 138
pachycentrus, III, 203, 204
pachycornis, III, 178
palmeri, III, 167, 172; IV, 28
pampeanus, III, 200, 201
pampeanus charruanus, III,
200
pampeanus rubellianus, III,
200
pampeanus subplanus, III,
200
papyracanthus, IIT, 91, 92
paraguayensis, Ill, 156
parryi, III, 175
parvispinus, III, 237
pauciareolatus, III, 188, 189
pectinatus, III, 2
pectiniferus, III, 29, 30
pectiniferus laevior, III, 29
pelachicus, III, 180
peninsulae, III, 133, 134
pentacanthus, III, 115, 116
pentlandu, III, 49, 54, 55
pepinianus, II, 137; II, roo
pepinianus affinis, III, 89
pepinianus echinoides, II, 138
peruvianus, III, 102
pfeifferi, III, 137, 138
pfersdorffii, III, 139
philippi, II, 105
phoeniceus inermis, III, 14
phyllacanthoides, III, 118
phyllacanthus, III, 118
phyllacanthus laevior, III,
118
phyllacanthus laevis, III,
118
phyllacanthus macracanthus,
III, 118
INDEX.
Echinocactus—continued.
phyllacanthus micracanthus,
III, 118
phyllacanthus pentacanthus,
III, 118
phyllacanthus tenuiflorus,
III, 118
phyllacanthus tricuspidatus,
III, 117, 118
phymatothele, IV, 8
phymatothelos, IV, 8, 13
piliferus, III, 125
pilosus, III, 124, 125, 126,
147
pilosus canescens, IV, 287
pilosus pringlei, IIT, 125
pilosus steinesii, III, 124
placentiformis, III, 219
plaschnickii, IV, 30
platensis, III, 163, 164
platensis leptanthus, III,
163, 164
platensis parvulus, III, 163
platensis quehlianus, III, 163
platensis typicus, III, 163
platyacanthus, III, 166, 167,
171
platycarpus, III, 180
platycephalus, III, 181
platyceras, III, 169
platyceras laevior, “aT, 169
platyceras minax, III, 169
plicatilis, III, 180
pluricostatus, III, 180
poliacanthus, III, 198
polyacanthus, ITI, 167
polyancistrus, III, 167, 212,
213, 214
polyeconalas III, 167, 174
polycephalus flavispinus,
III, 174
polycephalus xeranthe-
moides, III, 173
polygrhaphis, III, 103
polyocentrus, III, 138
polyraphis, III, 103
polyrhaphis, III, 103
porrectus, IV, 8
poselgerianus, IV, 13, 28
pottsianus, IV, 136, 137
pottsii, IV, 12, 13
praegnacanthus, IV, 288
pringlei, III, 125, 126
pruinosus, III, 88, 89
pseudo-cereus, III, 98
pseudominusculus, III, 47
pubispinus, III, 213
pulchellus, III, 33
pulcherrimus, III, 194
pulverulentus, III, 178
pumilus, III, 209, 210
pumilus gracillimus, III, 209,
punctulatus, III, 180
purpureus, IV, 288
pyenacanthus, IV, 41
pycnoxyphus, III, 139
pygmaeus, III, 210, 211
pygmaeus phaeodiscus, III,
210
pyramidatus, III, 90
pyramidalis, II, 139
quadrinatus, III, 122
quehlianus, III, 163, 164.
radians, IV, 36
radiatus, IV, 42
radicans, IV, 36
radiosus, IV, 43
rafaelensis, III, 47
raphidacanthus, III, 122;
V;, 15
raphidocentrus, III, 122
rebutii, III, 180
rectispinus, ITI, 134
recurvus, III, 141, 142, 143
recurvus bicolor, III, 143
recurvus latispinus, III, 143
recurvus solenacanthus, III,
143
Echinocactus—continued.
recurvus spiralis, III, 142
recurvus tricuspidatus, III,
143
reductus, III, 158
reichei, III, 191
reichenbachii, III, 2
rettigii, III, ror
retusus, III, 180
rhodacanthus, III, 78, 79
thodacanthus coccineus, III,
79
rhodanthus, IV, 288
rhodophthalmus, IV, 11, 12
thodophthalmus ellipticus,
IN rigs 12
rinconadensis, IV, 7
rinconensis, IV, 7
robustus, III, 135, 136, 147
robustus monstrosus, III,
136
robustus prolifer, III, 136
rosaceus, III, 199
rostratus, III, 59, 97, 98
rotherianus, III, 206
tubidus superbissimus, III,
98
tubrispinus, III, 127
saglionis, III, 157; IV, 288
salinensis, IV, 28
salm-dyckianus, III, 88; IV,
39.
salmianus, III, 74, 222
salmii, III, 180
salpingophorus, III, 72
saltensis, III, 53
saltillensis, III, 172, 173;
IV, 28
sandillon, III, 186, 187
sanjuanensis, III, 206
santa-maria, III, 131
saussieri, IV, 13
scheeri, IV, 3, 4, 5, 28
scheeri brevihamatus, IV, 5
scheerii, IV, 4
schickendantzii, III, 87, 152,
164, 165
schilinzkyanus, III, 210
schilinzkyanus grandiflorus,
III, 210
schlechtendalii, IV, 30
schlumbergeri, III, 158
schottii, IV, 11
schumannianus, III, 189
schumannianus longispinus,
III, 189
schumannianus nigrispinus,
III, 191
sclerothrix, III, 128
scopa, III, 122, 193, 194, 202;
IV, 289
scopa albicans, III, 193
scopa candidus, III, 193, 194
scopa candidus cristatus,
III, 193, 194
scopa cristatus, III, 193, 194;
V, 289
scopa ruberrimus, III, 193
scopa rubra, IV, 289
scopa rubrinus, III, 193
sellowianus, III, 188, 189
sellowianus tetracanthus,
III, 188
sellowii, III, 188, 189; IV,
288
sellowii acutatus, III, 188
sellowii courantii, III, 188
sellowii macrocanthus, III,
188, 189
sellowii macrogonus, III,
188, 189
sellowii martinii, III, 188,
189
sellowii tetracanthus, IV,
288
sellowii turbinatus, III, 188,
189
sellowii typicus, III, 188
301
Echinocactus—continued.
senilis, II, 27; III, 94
sessiliflorus, III, 188, 189
sessiliflorus pallidus, III, 188
sessiliflorus tetracanthus, ITI,
188
setispinus, III, 104, 105, 106;
IV, 287
setispinus cachetianus, III,
104
setispinus hamatus, III, 104,
105
setispinus longihamatus, III,
14d
setispinus longispinus, III,
106
setispinus martelii, III, 105
setispinus mierensis, III, 105
setispinus muehlenpfordtii,
III, 105
setispinus orcuttii, III, 105
setispinus robustus, III, 144
setispinus setaceus, III, 104,
105
setispinus sinuatus, III, 144
setosus, III, 77
sickmannii, III, 180
sileri, III, 215
similis, IV, 52
simpsonii, III, 90, 91, 92;
IV, 286
simpsonii minor, III, 90
simpsonii robustior, III, 90,
91
sinuatus, III, 144, 146
smithii, IV, 13
soehrensii, III, 202, 203
soehrensii albispinus, III,
203
soehrensii brevispinus, III,
203
soehrensii niger, III, 203
solenacanthus, III, 142
sparathacanthus, III, 180
spectabilis, III, 136
spegazzinii, III, 158, 196
sphacelatus, IV, 138
sphaerocephalus, III, 114
spina-christi, III, 178, 238
spiniflorus, III, 58, 78, 178,
179.
spinosior, III, 213
spinosissimus, III, 179; IV,
118
spinosus, III, rrr
spiralis, III, 141, 142, 143
spiralis stellaris, III, 142
stainesii, III, ee 125, 180
staplesiae, Il,
steinmannii, iL. 47, 48
stellaris, III, 142
stellatus, III, 142, 152, 163
stenocarpus, III, 163
stenogoni, III, 118
stenogonus, III, 117
strausianus, III, 201
streptocaulon, III, 86, 87
strobiliformis, IV, 54
stuckertii, III, 165
suberinaceus, III, 188
subgibbosus, III, 59, 94, 96,
97, 98
subglaucus, III, 213
subgrandicornis, III, 181
submammulosus, III, 200,
201; IV, 289
subniger, III, roo
subporrectus, IV, 8
subuliferus, III, 136
sulcatus, III, 64
sulcolanatus, IV, 37
sulphureus, III, 123
supertextus, III, roo
tabularis, III, 193
tabularis cristatus, III, 193
tellii, III, 123
tenuiflorus, III, 118
tenuispinus, ITI, 166, 195, 196
302
Echinocactus—continued.
tenuispinus minor, III, 195
tenuispinus ottonis, III, 196
tenuissimus, III, 196
tephracanthus, III, 188
tephracanthus spinosior, ITI,
188
teretispinus, III, 123
terscheckii, III, 199
tetracanthus, III, 188, 189
tetracentrus, IV, 287
tetraxiphus, III, 112
texensis, III, 167, 181, 182;
IV, 288
texensis gourgensii, III, 181
texensis longispinus, III, 181
texensis treculianus, III, 145
theiacanthus, III, 122, 137
theionacanthus, III, 122, 137
thelephorus, III, 181
theloideus, IV, 8
thionanthus, III, 49, 57
thrincogonus, III, 97, 98
thrincogonus elatior, III, 97
tortuosus, III, 195, 196
tortus, III, 185
towensis, III, 158
treculianus, III, 144
tribolacanthus, III, 123
tricolor, IV, 12
tricornis, III, 218
tricuspidatus, III, 117
trifurcatus, III, 123
trollietii, III, 150, 151
tuberculatus, III, 170
tuberculatus spiralis, IIT, 170
tuberisulcatus, aa 202, 203
tuberosus, IV,
tuberosus sab ponrectis) IV,
9
tubiflorus, III, 67
tulensis. IV, 8, 11
turbinatus, III, 66
turbiniformis, III, 106, 107;
IV, 287
uncinatus, III, 146
uncinatus wrightii, III, 146
undulatus, III, 117
unguispinus, III, 150,
IV, 287
uruguayensis, IIT, 162
valparaiso, III, 98
vanderaeyi, III, 136
vargasii, IV, 13
verutum, ITI, 118
victoriensis, III, 136
villiferus, III, 181
villosus, III, 103
villosus crenatior, III, 103
violaciflorus, III, 114, 115
viridescens, III, 135, 140,
141; IV, 287
viridescens cylindraceus, III,
151}
129
viridiflorus, III, 17
visnaga, III, 167, 170, 171;
IV, 288
viviparus, IV, 43
wangertii, II, 133
weberbaueri, III, 103
wegeneri, III, 122
weingartianus, III, 206
whipplei, III, 167, 213
whipplei nanus, III, ae
whipplei spinosior, III,
wilhelmii, III, 181
williamsii, III, 83, 84, 85; |
IV, 286
williamsii lewinii, III, 85
winkleri, IV, 41
wippermannii, III, 111
wislizeni, III, 123, 127, 128
wislizeni albispinus, III, 127
wislizeni albus, III, 1 29%
wislizeni decipiens, III,
wislizeni latispinus, ll, 28
wislizeni lecontei, III, 129
wislizeni phoeniceus, III, 129
THE CACTACEAE.
Echinocactus—continued.
wislizeni purpureus, III, 128
wrightii, III, 146
xanthacanthus, III, 230, 231
xeranthemoides, III, 167, 173
xiphacanthus, III, 114
Echinocactuses, IV, 168
Echinocarpae, I, 44, 56
Echinocereanae, II, 1; III,
S777 NY
Echinocereus, I, 79, 215; II, 3,
104, 110; III. 3-44, 45, 48,
60, 104, 146, 150, 202, 211,
212; IV, 12, 48, 57, 162;
IV, "285
acifer, III, 4, 12, 13, 14; IV,
285
acifer brevispinulus. III, 12
acifer diversispinus, III, 12
acifer durangensis, III, 12
acifer tenuispinus, III, 12
acifer trichacanthus, III, 12,
13; 1V, 285
adustus, III, 5, 23, 2
aggregatus, III, 14; IV, 47
amoenus, III, 5, 33
baileyi, III, 3, 5, 26, 27
barcelona, IV, 287
barcena, III, 43
barthelowanus, IIT, 5, 41
berlandieri, III, 20, 21
bertinii, III, 45
bicolor, III, 43
blanckii, III, 5, 20,
285
Wane, III, 20
bolansis, III, 40
boliviensis, III, 43
brandegeei, III, 5: » 34
caespitosus, III, 25, 26; IV,
285
caespitosus castaneus, IIT, 25
caespitosus major, ITI, 25
candicans, II, 142; III, 28
candicans tenuispinus, II,
143
carnosus, III, 36
centralis, III, 149
chiloensis, II, 138
chloranthus, 4, 16
chlorophthalmus, III, 5, 32
cinerascens, III, 5, 23; IV,
285
cinerascens crassior, III, 23
cinnabarinus, III, 54
cirrhiferus, III, 23
cirrhiferus monstrosus, III,
23
clavatus, II, 106
claviformis, III, 43
coccineus, III, 4, 13, 14; IV,
285
conglomeratus,
39; 40
conoideus, III, 4, 11, 13
ctenoides, III, 5, 19, 20
dahliaeflorus, III, 44
dasyacanthus, III, 5, 18, 19,
21; IV,
Inn Go, 6e5
31
degandii, III, 19
delaetii, III, 4, 6
deppei, III, 23; IV, 285
dubius, III, 5, 39
durangensis, III, 12; IV, 285
durangensis nigrispinus, III,
12
durangensis rufispinus, III,
checateas III, 5, 41
ehrenbergii cristatus, aE 42
emoryi, II, 108; III, 12
engelmannii, Ill, Ss 38
engelmannii albispinus, III,
38
engelmannii chrysocentrus,
III, 38
engelmannii fulvispinus, III,
38
Echinocereus—continued.
engelmannii pfersdorfhi, ITI,
38
engelmannii robustior, IIT, 38
engelmannii variegatus, III,
38
engelmannii versicolor, III,
38
enneacanthus, III, 5, 36, 39;
IV, 285
enneacanthus carnosus, III,
36
fendleri, III, 5, 9, 14, 35, 36.
37, 40
fitchii, III, 5, 30
flavescens, II, 20; III, 212
flaviflorus, ITI, 15, 21
galtieri, III, 43
gladiatus, II, 142
glycimorphus, III, 23
gonacanthus, III, 10
grahamii, III, 43
grandis, III, 4, 18
havermansii, III 43
hempelii, III, 5, 34, 35
hexaedrus, III, 10
hildmannii, III, 36
huitcholensis, III, 4, 8
hypogaeus, II, 106
inermis, IIT, 14, 32
intricatus, II, 143
jacobyi, ITI, 35
knippelianus, III, 5, 32
krausei, III, 14
kunzei, IIT, 31
labouretianus, III, 17
labouretii, III, 17
lamprochlorus, IT, 132
leeanus, III, 4, 9, 43
leeanus multicostatus, III, 9 |
leonensis, III, 20. 21
leptacanthus, III, 22
liebnerianus, III, 32
limensis, II, 20
Noydii, III, 5, 37
longisetus, IIT, 5, 42
luteus, III, 4, 16, 17
malibranii, III, 43
mamillatus, III, 5. 41, 42
mamnillosus, III, 43
maritimus, III, 4, 15
merkeri, III, 5, 35, 36
mohavensis, III, 8
mojavensis, III, 4,8
mojavensis zuniensis, III, 14
monacanthus, III, 1o
multangularis, II, 19; IV,
2
multangularis limensis, II,
20
multangularis pallidior, II,
19
multicostatus, III, 9
neo-mexicanus, ITI, 4, 11, 13
octacanthus, ITI, 4, 13
oreuttii, ITI, 15
pacificus, III, 4, 11, 12
palmeri, III, 5, 34
papillosus, III, 5, 19
papillosus rubescens, III, 19
paucispinus, III, 10
paucispinus flavispinus, III,
10
paucispinus gonacanthus,
II, 10
paucispinus hexaedrus, III,
10
paucispinus triglochidiatus,
II, 10
paucupina, III, 44
pectinatus, III, 29,
pectinatus adustus, in. 24
pectinatus armatus, III,
pectinatus caespitosus, Til,
25, 26
pectinatus candicans, III, 28
pectinatus castaneus, III, 26
pectinatus centralis, III, 149
Echinocereus—continued.
pectinatus
III, 29
pectinatus cristatus, III, 30
pectinatus laevior, TII, 30
pectinatus rigidissimus. III,
27, 28
pectinatus robustior, ney. ae
peceaaras robustus, III,
pectinatus rufispinus, ITT, 24
penicilliformis, III, 44
pensilis, III, 4, 8
pentalophus, IBD zo Fe
V, 285
pentlandii, III, 54
perbellus, III, 5, 24, 25
persolutus, III, 44
phoeniceus, III, 14
phoeniceus albispinus, III,
14
phoeniceus conoideus, III, 13
phoeniceus inermis, III, 14
phoeniceus longispinus, Ill,
14
phoeniceus rufispinus, III,
chrysacanthus,
14
pleiogonus, IIT, 9
polyacanthus, lit, oh OQ, ity
12, 15; IV, 285
polycephalus, III, 44
poselgeri, II, rro, 111
poselgerianus, ae 20
princeps, III,
procumbens, iil, 22; IV, 285
procumbens longispinus, III,
22
propinquus, III, 22
pulchellus, III, 5, 33
pulchellus amoenus, IIT, 33
radians, III, 23
raphicephalus, III, 44
reichenbachianus, III, 25
reichenbachii, III, 5, 25,
28, 31; IV, 52, 285
rigidispinus, III, 28
rigidissimus, ITI, 5, 27, 28, 29
robustior, III, 28
roemeri, IIT, 13, 14
roetteri, III, 5, 31
rosei, III, 4, 11, 14, 15
rotatus, III, 2
tubescens, III, 19
ruengei, III, 19
rufispinus, III, 23
salm-dyckianus,
7, 8; IV, 285
salmianus, III, 7
saltillensis, IV, 285
sanborgianus, III, nee
sanguineus, III,
sarissophorus, Ill, 5. 38
scheeri, III, 4, 6, 7, 43; IV,
285
scheeri major, III, 6
scheeri minor, III, 6
scheeri nigrispinus, III, 6
scheeri robustior, III, 6
schlini, III, 43
sciurus, IIT, 5, 22, 23
schlechterdalii, III, 250
scopulorum, III, 5, 30, 31
serpentinus, II, 118
spachianus, II, 131
spinibarbis, II, 82
spinosissimus, III, 19
splendens, II, 118
standleyi, III, 4, 5, 24
stramineus, III, 5, 38, 39, 40,
41
strausianus, III, 17
strigosus, II, 143
strigosus rufispinus, II, 143
strigosus spinosior, IT, 143
subinermis, III, 4, 1
texensis, III, 19, 25
theiacanthus, III, 122
theionacanthus, III, 122
27)
Til, 4, 6,
Echinocereus—continued.
thurberi, III, 43
thwaitesii, III, 44
trichacanthus, II, 44
triglochidiatus, III, 4, 10
trockyi, III, 44
tuberosus, II, 111
uehri, III, 44
undulatus, III, 23
uspenskii, III, 44
viridiflorus, III, 3, 4, 16, 17,
24, 31; LV, 285
viridiflorus cylindricus, III,
I
inidifionis gracilispinus, III,
17
viridiflorus major, III, 17
viridiflorus tubulosus, III, 17
weinbergii, III, 5, 29
Echinofossulocactus, III, 78,
109-123, 138; IV, 287
albatus, III, 110, 112
anfractuosus, III, 110 117
arrigens, III, 110, 113, 114
confusus, III, 110, 120
coptonogenus, III, Io, 121
coptonogonus major, III,
110
cornigerus, III, 143 |
cornigerus angustispinus,
Ill, 143
cornigerus elatior, III, 143
cornigerus rubrospinus, III,
143
crispatus, III, 110, 116
dichroacanthus, III, 110,
117
echidne, III, 136
ensiformis, III, 114
gladiatus, III, 110, 119, 120
grandicornis, III, 110, 114
harrisii, III, 109
hastatus, III, 110, 111
helophora, III, 170
helophora longifossulatus,
Ill, 170
heteracanthus, III, 110, 112
ignotus-venosus, III, 109
karwinskianus, III, 170
lamellosus, III, 110, 113
lancifer, III, r10, 118, 119
Moydii, III, 110, 112, 113
macracanthus, III, 170
mirbelii, III, 185
multicostatus, III, rro, 111,
11
SSSI ECE, III, 110, 115, 116
oxypterus, III, 138
pentacanthus, III, 110, 115
pfeifferi, III, 137
phyllacanthus, III, 110, 118,
II
Be iineanthies macracanthus,
III, 118
phyllacanthus micracanthus,
III, 118
platyceras, III, 169
recurvus campylacanthus,
Ill, 142
robustus, IIT, 135
tricuspidatus, III, 110, 117
turbiniformis, III, 106
vanderaeyi, III, 136 ane
vanderaeyi ignotus-longisp1-
nus, III, 136
violaciflorus, III,
115
wippermannii, III, 110, 111
110, I14,
zacatecasensis, III, 110, 113 |
Echinomastus, III, 78, 147-152
dasyacanthus, III, 148, 150,
151; IV, 55
durangensis, III, 148, 152
erectocentrus, III, 148; IV,
16, 175, 287
intertextus, III,
150; IV, 287
macdowellii, III, 148, 151
148, 149,
INDEX.
Echinomastus—continued.
unguispinus, III, 148, 150,
152; IV, 287
Echinomelocactus,
225, 231
minor, IV, 71
Echinonyctanthus, ITI, 60
decaisneanus, III, 66 |
eyriesii, III, 65
leucanthus, III, 72
multiplex, III, 64
nigrispinus, III, 67
oxygonus, III, 64
pictus, III, 66
pulchellus, III, 33
schelhasii, III, 66
tubiflorus, III, 67
tubiflorus nigrispinus, IIT, 67
turbinatus, III, 66
turbinatus pictus, III, 66
Echinopsis, II, 3, 105, 130, 144,
158, 159; 219; ,L01, 35 4,
45, 48, 49, 53, 60-77, 78,
79, 100, IO
achatina, III, 55
albispina, III, 76
albispinosa, III, 61, 67
amoena, ITI, 33, 34
ancistrophora, III, 61, 69
apiculata, III, 63
aurata, II, 143;
186
aurea, ITI, 60, 61, 74
baldiana, III, 61, 74
beckmannii, III, 76
boeckmannii, III, 76
boutillieri, III, 76
bridgesii, III, 61, 63, 74;
IV, 286
cachensis, III, 52
caespitosa, IIT, 53
calochlora, ITI, 61, 68
campylacantha, III, 69, 72
campylacantha brevispina,
II, 72
campylacantha
100 523
campylacantha longispina,
campylacantha stylodes, III,
IONE, gai
III, 79,
leucantha,
72
campylacantha stylosa, III,
candicans, II, 142
catamarcensis, II, 146; IV,
278
cavendishii, III, 54
chereauniana, III, 54
cinnabarina, ITI, 54, 55
cinnabarina cheroniana, III,
54
cinnabarina cristata, III, 54
cinnabarina scheeriana, III,
54
cinnabarina spinosior, III,
54
colmariensis, IIT, 55
colmarii, III, 54, 55
columnaris, III, 55
cordobensis, III, 61, 69
cristata, III, 73
cristata purpurea, III, 73
decaisneana, III, 66, 67; IV, j
286
deminuta, IIT, 48; IV, 285
droegeana, III, 67
ducis paulii, III, 76
dumeliana, II, 143
dumesniliana, II, 143
duvallii, III, 76
elegans vittata, III, 55
eyriesii, III, 61, 65, 76; IV,
286
eyriesii cristata, III, 65
eyriesii duvallii, III, 65
eyriesii flore-pleno, III, 66
eyriesii glauca, III, 65
eyriesii glaucescens, III, 65 |!
Echinopsis—continued.
eyriesii grandiflora, III, 65
eyriesii inermis, III, 66
eyriesil lagemannii, III, 64
eyriesii major, III, 65
eyriesii phyligera, III, 65
eyriesii rosea, III, 65
eyriesii tettavii, III, 65, 66
eyriesii triumphans, III, 65, |
6
eyriesii wilkensii, IIT, 64
falcata, III, 66
fiebrigii, III, 61, 70, 71
fischeri tephracantha, III, 77
fobeana, III, 76
forbesii, III, 60, 62, 63
formosa, III, 60, 61, 75; IV,
286
formosa albispina, III, 75
formosa gilliesii, III, 75
formosa laevior, III, 75
formosa rubrispina, III, 75
formosa spinosior, III, 75
formosissima, III, 76; IV, 286
gemmata, III, 66, 67; IV, 286
gemmata cristata, III, 67
gemmata decaisneana, III, 66
gemmiata schelhasei, III, 66
gibbosa, IIT, 158
gigantea, III, 76
grandiflora, III, 67
haageana, III, 185
hempeliana, III, ror
huottii, III, 60, 63
intricatissima, 61, 73
jamessiana, III, 66
kuottii, IIT, 63
lagemannii, III, 64, 65
lamprochlora, II, 132
lateritia, III, 56
leucantha, III, 61,
140; IV, 286
leucantha aurea, III, 72, 73
leucantha salpingophora,
III, 72
longispina, III, 76
mamillosa, III, 61, 75
maximiliana, III, 54
maximiliana longispina, IIT,
72, 98,
55
melanacantha, III. 67
melanopotamica, III, 72
meyeri, III, 60, 61, 62
mieckleyi, III, 75
minuana, III, 60, 63
minuscula, III, 45
mirabilis, III, 60, 62
misleyi, III, 73
molesta, III, 61, 74
muelleri, III, 76
multiplex, III, 60, 61, 64; IV,
286
multiplex cossa, III, 64
multiplex cristata, III, 64
multiplex monstrosa, III, 64
multiplex picta, III, 64
nigerrima, III, 65, 77
nigricans, III, 76, 95
nigrispina, III, 67
nodosa, III, 105
obliqua, III, 73
obrepanda, III, 61, 73
ochroleuca, ITI, 55
octacantha, III, 13
oxygona, III, 60, 61, 64, 65,
76; IV, 286
oxygona inermis, III, 65; IV,
286
oxygona subinermis, III, 65
oxygona turbinata, III, 65
paraguayensis, III, 76
pectinata, III, 29, 30
pectinata laevior, III, 30
pectinata reichenbachiana,
III, 25
pentlandii, III, 51, 54, 55;
IV, 285
pentlandii achatina, III, 55
393
Echinopsis—continued.
pentlandii albiflora, III, 55
pentlandii cavendishii, III,
54
pentlandii coccinea, III, 54
pentlandii colmari, III, 55
pentlandii cristata, III, 55
pentlandii elegans, III, 54
pentlandii forbesii, ITI, 54
pentlandii gracilispina, III,
54
pentlandii integra, III, 55
pentlandii laevior, III, 54
pentlandii levior scheeri, III,
55
pentlandii longispina, III,
54,55 :
pentlandii maximiliana, III,
54), 55
pentlandii neuberti, III, 54
pentlandii ochroleuca, III, 54
pentlandii pfersdorffii, ITT, 54
pentlandii pyracantha, III,
54
pentlandii pyrantha, III, 55
pentlandii radians, III, 54
pentlandii scheeri, III, 54, 55
pentlandii tricolor, III, 54
pentlandii vitellina, III, 54
pfersdorffii, III, 55
philippii, II, 105
picta, III, 66
polyacantha, III, 72
polyphylla, III, 76
poselgeri brevispina, III, 72
poselgeri longispina, III, 72
pseudominuscula, III, 47
pudantii, III, 65, 66
pulchella, III, 33
pulchella amoena, III, 33
pulchella rosea, III, 34
pygmaea, III, 47
pyrantha, III, 76
quehlii, III, 76
reichenbachiana, III, 26
rhodacantha, III, 79, ror
rhodacantha aurea, III, 79
rhodacantha gracilior, III, 79
rhodotricha, III, 61, 71
thodotricha argentiniensis,
III, 71
rhodotricha robusta, III, 71
rhodotricha roseiflora, III, 71
roehlandii, III, 65
rohlandii, III, 64
salm-dyckiana, III, 76
salmiana, III, 74; IV, 286
salmiana bridgesii, III, 74
salpigophora, III, 72
salpingophora, III, 69, 72
salpingophora aurea, III, 72,
Th
saltensis, III, 53
saluciana, III, 76
scheeri, III, 54, 55
scheeriana, III, 55
schelhasei rosea, III, 66
schelhasii, III, 66
schickendantzii, II, 144; IV,
278
scopa, III, 193, 194
scopa candida cristata, III,
194.
shaferi, III, 61, 69, 70
silvestrii, III, 61, 68
simplex, III, 72
spegazziniana, IIT, 61, 69, 70
spegazzinii, III, 71
stylosa, III, 72
sulcata, III, 64
tacuarembense, III, 76
tettavii, III, 66
tougardii, III, 76
tricolor, III, 54
triumphans, III, 65; IV, 286
tuberculata, III, 76
tubiflora, III, 61, 65, 67; IV,
286
304
Echinopsis—continued.
tubiflora nigrispina, III, 67
tubiflora paraguayensis, III,
67
tubiflora rohlandii, III, 67;
IV, 286
tubiflora rosea, III, 67
turbinata, III, 61, 66; IV,
286
turbinata picta, III, 66
undulata, III, 65, 76
valida, III, 62, 63
valida densa, III, 12, 13, 14
valida forbesii, III, 62
verschaffeltii, III, 63
wilkensii, III, 64
yacutulana, III, 72
zuccariniana, III, 67; IV, 286
zuccariniana cristata, III, 67
zuccariniana monstrosa, III,
67
zuccariniana nigrispina, III,
67
zuccariniana picta, III, 67
zuccariniana rohlandii, III,
zuccariniana rosea, III, 67
zuccarinii, III, 67, 196
zuccarinii monstruosa, III,
zuccarinii nigrispina, III, 67
zuccarinii picta, III, 67
zuccarinii robusta, III, 67
Elatae, I, 45, 152, 156
Elatiores, I, 45, 149, 152, 155,
156, 222
Epiphyllanae, II, 1; IV, 177-
207
Epiphyllanthus, IV, 177, 180-
182, 209, 220
candidus, IV, 180, 182
microsphaericus, IV, 180,
181
obovatus, IV, 180
obtusangulus, IV, 180, he
Epiphyllum, I, 9; II, 127, 22
IN 7 IO Soaps 275 ae
183, 185-201, 204, 220, 250
ackermannii, II, 128, 219;
IV, 198, 199, 200
acuminatum, IV, 188, 189
aitoni, IV, 198
alatum, IV, 213, 243
album violaceum, IV, 200
altensteinii, IV, 177, 179
amabile, IV, 200
americanum, IV, 187
anguliger, IV, 187, 191
aurantiacum, IV, 200
biforme, IV, 202
brasiliense, 1V, 200
bridgesii, IV, 185
candidum, IV, 182
carminatum, IV, 200
cartagense, IV, 187, 197
caudatum, IV, 187, 190
caulorhizum, IV, 192
chiapensis, IV, 203
ciliare, IV, 241
ciliatum, IV, 241
costaricense, IV, 193
crenatum, IV, 187, 192, 193,
199
crenulatum, IV, 244
crispatum, IV, 245
cruentum, IV, 200
darrahii, IV, 187, 190, 191
delicatulum, IV, 177, 179
delicatum, IV, 177, 179
elegans, IV, 179
gaertneri, IV, 183, 184
gaertneri coccineum, IV, 184
gaertneri mackoyanum, IV,
184
gaillardae, I, 6; IV, 187, 188
gibsonii, IV, 178
gracilis, IV, 200
THE CACTACEAE.
Epiphyllum—continued.
grande, IV, 188
grande superbum, IV, 200
grandiflorum, IV, 200
grandilobum, IV, 187, 192
guatemalense, IV, 187, 195
guedeneyi, IV, 178
harrissonii, IV, 200
hercule, IV, 200
hitchenii, IV, 198
hookeri, IV, 187, 197
hybridum, IV, 198
jenkensonii, IV, 198
latetium album, IV, 200
latifrons, IV, 189, 196
lepidocarpum, IV, 187, 194
macropterum, IV, 187,
193, 194
192,
makoyanum, IV, 183, 184
maximum, IV, 200
multiflorum, IV, 200
nelsonii, IV, 203
obovatum, IV, 180, 181
obtusangulum, IV, 181
opuntioides, IV, 180, 181
oxypetalum, IV,
193
187,
188,
palidum roseum, IV, 200
phyllanthoides, II, 128;
188, 198, 205
phyllanthus, IV, 186,
188, 197
IV,
187,
pittieri, IV, 187, 190, 194
platycarpum, IV, 242
pumilum, IV, 187, 189
purpurascens, IV, 177
purpureum, IV, 179
ramulosum, IV, 241
thombeum, IV, 244
roseum, IV, 200
rubrum violaceum, IV, 200
tuckeri, IV, 179
ruckerianum superbum,
200
rueckerianum, IV, 185
russellianum, IV, 182,
185
tusselianum gartneri, IV,
tussellianum gaertneri,
183
IV,
184,
184
IV,
musecliantina rubrum,gIV,
185
tussellianum superbum,
185
salmoneum, IV, 178
salmoneum marginatum,
200
smithianum, II, 128
speciosum, IV, 200, 205
speciosum jenkensonii,
198
speciosum lateritium, IV,
spectabile, IV, 178
spectabile coccineum, IV,
splendens, IV, 199
splendidum, IV, 198
IV,
IV,
IV,
200
200
stenopetalum, IV, 187, 196
strictum, IV, 187, 196, 1
thomasianum, IV, 193
translucens, IV, 200
tricolor, IV, 200
truncatum, IV, 21, 177,
179, 180, 185, 186
truncatum albiflorum,
178
truncatum altensteinii,
177
97
178,
IV,
IV,
truncatum amabile roseum,
IV, 179
truncatum aurantiacum,
178
IV,
truncatum bicolor, IV, 178
truncatum bridgesii, IV,
truncatum carmineum,
179 :
truncatum coccineum,
178
185
IV,
IV,
Epiphyllum—continued.
truncatum cruentum, IV,
178, 179
truncatum elegans, IV, 178,
180
truncatum gracile, IV, 179
truncatum grandidens, IV,
178
truncatum grandiflorum ru-
brum, IV, 179
truncatum harrisonii, IV,
179
truncatum lateritium album,
IV, 179
truncatum magnificum, IV,
178
truncatum makoyanum, IV,
179
truncatum maximum,
179 a
truncatum minus, IV, 178
truncatum morellianum, IV,
IV,
179
truncatum multiflorum, IV,
179
truncatum pallidum roseum,
V, 179
truncatum purpuraceum, IV,
178
truncatum purpurascens, IV,
179
truncatum purpureum, IV,
179
truncatum roseum, IV, 178
truncatum rubrum viola-
ceum, IV, 179
truncatum ruckerianum, IV,
178, 185
truncatum russellianum, IV,
184, 185
truncatum salmoneum, IV,
178
truncatum salmoneum au-
rantiacum, IV, 179
truncatum salmoneum bra-
siliense, IV, 179
truncatum salmoneum fla-
vum, IV, 179
truncatum salmoneum mar-
ginatum, IV, 179
truncatum salmoneum ru-
brum, IV, 179
truncatum snowi, IV, 179
truncatum spectabile, IV,
177, 178, 179
truncatum spectabile super-
bum, IV, 179
truncatum splendens, IV,
179
truncatum translucens, IV,
179
truncatum, tricolor, IV, 178
truncatum vanhoutteanum,
IV, 178
truncatum violaceum, IV,
177, 197
truncatum violaceum album,
IV, 179
truncatum violaceum grandi-
florum, IV, 179
truncatum violaceum super-
bum, IV, 178
vandesii, IV, 205
violaceum, IV, 179
violaceum elegans, IV, 200
violaceum grandiflorum, IV,
200
violaceum rubrum, IV, 200
violaceum speciosum, IV,
200
violaceum superbum, IV, 200
Epithelantha, III, 77, 92, 93,
208; IV, 65
micromeris, III, 93
Erdisia, II, 2, 104-107; III, 4
meyenii, II, 104, 105, 106
philippii, II, 104, 105
Erdisia—continued.
spiniflora, II, 104, 106
squarrosa, II, 104, 105, 107
Eriocerei, II, 154
Eriocereus, II, 22, 147, 148
bonplandii, II, 157
cavendishii, II, 21
jusbertii, II, 158
martianus, II, 220
martinii, II, 155
platygonus, II, 156
subrepandus, II, 151
tephracanthus, a 136
tortuosus, II, 15
Eriosyce, II, 143; oT, 78, 167,
186,187
ceratistes, III, 79, 186
sandillon, II, 143; III, 186
Erythrina, I, 181
Erythrorhipsalis, IV, 208, 209
pilocarpa, IV, 209
Escobaria, IV, 3, 53-57
bella, IV, 54, 56
chaffeyi, IV, 54, 56
chihuahuensis, IV, 54, 55
dasyacantha, IV, 54, 55
loydii, IV, 54, 57
runyonii, IV, 54, 55, 56
sneedii, IV, 54, 56
tuberculosa, IV, 54, 55, 57
Escontria, II, 2, 63, 65, 66
chiotilla, II, 65, 66, "26; Iv,
270, 272
Espina, I, 76
Espina blanca, I, 41
Espinha de Sao Antonio, I, 19
Espostoa, II, 2, 60-63
pee Ti N61, 628225 5hVE
eee Te 7
Eucereus, II, 3, 117
Euharrisia, II, 148
Eulychnia, II, 2, 66, 82-85,
181; III, 44
acida, II, 82, 83, 84
breviflora, II, 82, 83
castanea, IT, 82, 84
clavata, II, 106
eburnea, II, 139
iquiquensis, II, 82, 83
spinibarbis, II, 82, 83; IV,
272
Eupereskia, I, 10
Euphorbia hystrix, II, 19
Facheiro preto, II, 177
preto da Serra de Canna-
brava, II, 173
Facheiroa, II, 2, 173
pubiflora, II, 173
Feather ball, IV, 124
Ferocactus, III, 78, 123-147,
148, 177, 212
acanthodes, III, 124, 129,
130, 131, 147; IV, 287
alamosanus, III, 124, 137
chrysacanthus, III, 123, 127
covillei, III, 124, 132, 133,
134
crassihamatus, III, 124, 144
ene J00K Sey, TERS TON,
eels III, 124, 136
flavovirens, III, 124, 138
fordii, III, 123, 126
glaucescens, III, 124, 137
hamatacanthus, III, 124,
144; IV, 287
horridus, III, 123, 128
johnsonii, III, 124, 141, 142
johnstonianus, IV, 287
latispinus, III, 124, 143; IV,
287
lecontei, III,
287
macrodiscus,
140
melocactiformis,
138, 139
124, 129; IV,
III, 124,
III,
139,
124,
Ferocactus—continued.
nobilis, III, 123, 124, 141,
142
orcuttii, III, 124, 134, 141
peninsulae, III, 124, 133, 134
pringlei, III, 123, 125
rectispinus, III, 124, 134, 135
robustus, III, 124, 134, 135,
136, 138
rostii, III, 124, 146, 147
santa-maria, III, 124, 131
stainesii, III, 123, 124; IV,
287
townsendianus, III, 123, 126,
127
uncinatus, III, 124, 145, 146
viridescens, III, 124, 135,
140, 141; IV, 287
wislizeni, III, 123, 125, 127,
128, 129, 130, 132, 134
Ficindica, I, 42, 43
Ficoides, IV, 71, 125
Ficus-indicae, I, 45, 156, 166,
177, 191
Floccosae, I, 44, 86;1V,
Flor de baile, IV, 189
Flor de cera, I, 19
Flor de copa, II, 114
Flor de cuerno, II, 218
Flor de la oracién, III, 62
Formosi, II, 3, 13
Fox-tail cactus, IV, 47
Frailea, III, 78, 208-211
caespitosa, III, 209, 211
cataphracta, III, 209,
211
gracillima, III, 209
grahliana, III, 209
knippeliana, III, 209, 211
pumila, III, 209
pygmaea, III, 209, 210
schilinzkyana, III, 209, 210
Frutescentes, I, 73
Fulgidae, I, 44, 67
Fulvispinosae, I, 148
Furcraea, II, 92
Garrambullas, II, 179
Geotilla, II, 66
Giant cactus, II, 92, 164; IV,
221, 234
210,
279
Giganton, IT, 135
Gladiatores, III, 109
Glomeratae, I, 44, 87
Graciles, II, 159
Grandiflorae, IV, 221
Grandifoliae, I, 9, 11
Green-flowered petaya, III, 17
Grizzly bear cactus, I, 196
Grusonia, I, 24, 215
bradtiana, I, 215
cereiformis, I, 215
Guamacho, I, 17
Guasabara, IV, 266
Gymnocalycium, II, 1; III, 78,
87, 152-166
anisitsii, III, 153, 159, 160
brachyanthum, III, 153, 159;
IV, 288
damsii, III, 153, 163
denudatum, III, 152, 155,
156; IV, 288
gibbosum, III, 153, 157, 158,
161; IV, 288
guerkeanum, III, 152, 154,
155
hyptiacanthum, III, 152, 156
joossensianum, III, 153, 166
kurtzianum, III, 153, 162,
163
leeanum, III, 152, 154, 156,
157
megalothelos, III, 153, 162
melanocarpum, III, 153, 161
mihanovichii, III, 152, 153
monvillei, III, 153, 160, 161;
IV, 288
mostii, III, 153, 158
multiflorum, III, 153, 159
Hamatocactus,
INDEX.
Gymnocalycium—continued.
netrelianum, III, 152, 153,
154
platense, III, 153, 163, 164,
165
reductum, III, 158, 159
saglione, III, 152, 153, 1573
V, 288
schickendantzii, III,
164, 165
spegazzinii, III, 152, 155
stuckertii, III, 153, 165
uruguayense, III, 153, 161,
162
villosum, III, 103
00, G5
153,
104—
106
setispinus, III, 104, 105; IV,
287
Hariota, IV, ee 219, 224, 240
alata, IV,
alternata, IV 237
bambusoides, IV, 219
boliviana, IV, 240
cassytha, IV, 226
ceriformis, IV, 210
cereuscula, IV, 222
cinerea, IV, 212
clavata, IV, 224
conferta, IV, 227
coriacea, IV, 241
crenata, IV, 212
cribrata, IV, 225
crispata, IV, 2
crispata latior, IV, 245
cruciformis, No, ae
cylindrica, IV,
fasciculata, is 22
flocecosa, IV, 234
funalis, IV, 231
gracilis, IV, 217
grandiflora, IV, 231
horrida, IV, 229
houlletiana, IV, 238
knightii, IV, 215
knightii tenuispinis, ae 215
lindbergiana, IV, 22
lumbricalis, IV, eee
macrocarpa, IV, 187
mesembrianthemoides, IV,
222
micrantha, IV, 239
monacantha, IV, 212
pachyptera, IV, 243
paradoxa, IV, 237
parasitica, IV, 226
penduliflora, IV, 225
pentaptera, IV, 236
platycarpa, IV, 242
prismatica, IV, 222
ramosissima, IV, 216
ramulosa, IV, 240
rhombea, IV, 244
riedeliana, IV, 246
robusta, IV, 243
tugosa, IV, 234
saglionis, IV, 222
salicornioides, IV, 217, 218
salicornioides bambusoides,
IV, 218, 219
salicornioides gracilior, IV,
2171
salicornioides ramosior, IV,
217
salicornioides schottmuelleri,
IV, 218
salicornioides strictior, IV,
217
sarmentacea, IV, 230, 231
spathulata, IV, 247
squamulosa, IV, 215
stricta, IV, 217
swartziana, IV, 213
teres, IV, 227
trigona, IV, 237
triquetra, IV, 243
tucumanensis, IV, 234
villigera, IV, 218
Harrisia, I, 24; II, 1, 2, 147-
159; III, 60
aboriginum, II, 148, 154;
IV, 278
adscendens, IT, 148, 155, 156
bonplandii, II, 148, 157; IV,
278
brookii, II, 148, 151
earlei, II, 148, 154
eriophora, II, 148, 149; IV,
278
fernowi, II, 148, 153
fragrans, II, 148, 149
gracilis, II, 148, I51, 152;
IV, 278
guelichii, II, 148, 158
martinii, II, 148, 155; IV,
278
nashii, II, 148, 150, 151%;
IV, 278
platygona, II, 148, 156
pomanensis, II, 148, 155, 156
portoricensis, II, 148, 150
simpsonii, II, 148, 152, 153
taylori, II, 153
tortuosa, II, 148, 154
undata, II, 151; IV, 278
Harrisiae, II, 154
Hatchet cactus, IV, 59
Hatiora, IV, 208, 216-219, 224
bambusoides, IV, 217, 218
cylindrica, IV, 217, 219
salicornioides, IV, 217
Hedgehog cactus, III, 177
Heliocereus, II, 2, 127-129,
218, 225; IV, 198
amecamensis, II, 127, 129;
IV, 277
cinnabarinus, II, 127, 129;
IV, 277
coccineus, II, 127
elegantissimus, II, 127, 129;
IV, 205
mallisoni, IV, 277
schrankii, II, 127, 225
speciosus, II, 127, 128, 129,
201, 210; III, 7; IV, 198,
199, 276
395
Hylocereus—continued.
undatus, II, 184, 187, 188,
189; IV, 281
venezuelensis, II, 183, 186,
226
Imbricatae, I, 44, 60
Inamoenae, I, 45, 125
Inarmatae, I, 208; IV, 180
Iniabanto, I, 19
Ipomoea. IT, 92
Jaatoe, II, 88
Jaramataca, II, 111
Jasminocereus, II, 2, 146, 147
galapagensis, II, 146, 147
Joconostle, IT, 93
Junco, IT, 119
Junco espinoso, II, 119
Kadoesji, II, 18, 88
La bande de sud, II, 151
Lanuginosi, II, 59
Latispineae, III, 109
Lemaireocereus, I, 116; II, 2,
25, 43, 69, 85-103, 114,
135, nga IVS AGS, S7¢i5
274
aragonii, II, 85, 92, 93, 103
beneckei, IV, 273, 274
cartwrightianus, II, 85, roo
chende, IT, 85,90, 91; 1V, 273
chichipe, II, 85, 89
cumengei, II, 116
deficiens, II, 85, 94, 96
dumortieri, II, 85, 102
eichlamii, II, 85, 89, 90; IV,
273
eruca, II, 115, 116
godingianus, II, 85, 91, 92,
135
griseus, II, 20, 85, 87, 88, 89
103, 225; IV, 273
gummosus, II, 116, 117
hollianus, II, 85, 86; IV, 273
humilis, II, 85, 100, 101
hystrix, II, 46, 85, 86, 87,
225; IV, 273
laetus, II, 85, 99, 100
longispinus, II, 85, 89, 90
mixtecensis, II, 89, 91
Heliotropium, IV, 188
Hexagonae, II, 4
Hibiscus, I, 19
esculentus, I, 19
Hickenia, III, 78, 207, 208
microsperma, III, 207, 208;
IV, 289
Homalocephala, III, 78, 181,182
texensis, III, 77, 181; IV, 288
Houlletianae, IV, 221
Hybocactus, III, 94. 152
Hydrochylus, IV, 88
Hylocereanae, II, 1, 183
Hylocereus, I, 24; II, 1, 63, 126,
183-195, 210, 215, 216;
IV, 220, 282
antiguensis, II, 184, 193, 194
bronxensis, II, 183, 185, 226
calcaratus, II, 184, 193, 194
costaricensis, II, 183, 186
cubensis, II, 184, 188
extensus, II, 184, 190, I91
guatemalensis, II, 183, 184
lemairei, II, 184, 180, 194,
226; IV, 282, 283
minutiflorus, II, 195, 196
monacanthus, II, 184, I90,
226
napoleonis, II, 184, 191; IV,
282
ocamponis, II, 126, 183, 184,
185
polyrhizus, II, 183, 185, 226
purpusii, II, 183, 184
stenopterus, II, 184, 190
triangularis, II, 184, 185,
191, 192, 193; IV, 282
tricostatus, II, 187; IV, 282
trigonus, II, 184, 192, 193;
IV, 282
montanus, II, 85, 97
pruinosus, II, 85, 88, 89
queretaroensis, IT. 85, 96, 97
schumannii, II, 103
stellatus, II, 85, 92, 93, 94,
169
thurberi, tah 85, 96, 97, 98;
IV, 27
acieean “, 85, 93, 95, 224
weberi, II, 85, 95, 96, 97,
164; IV, 273
Lemon vine, I, 10
Lengua de vaca, I, 164
Leocereus, II, 2, 108-110, 175,
225
bahiensis, II, 108, 109
glaziovii, II, 108, 109
melanurus, II, 108, 109
Leon, I, 96
Leoncito, I, 96
Lepismium, IV, 208, 215, 216
alternatum, IV, 237
anceps, IV, 215
cavernosum, IV, 215, 216
cavernosum ensiforme, IV,
215
cavernosum minus, IV, 216
commune, IV, 215, 216
cruciferme, IV, 215
dissimilis, IV, 236
duprei, IV, 216
fluminense, IV, 243
knightii, IV, 215, 216
laevigatum, IV, 216
mittleri, IV, 216
myosurus, IV, 215, 216
myosurus knightii, IV, 215
myosurus laevigatum, IV,
215
paradoxum, IV, 237
306
Lepismium—continued.
radicans, IV, 215, 216
ramosissimum, IV, 216
sarmentaceum, IV, 230
tenue, IV, 215
Leptocaules, I, 44, 46, 49
Leptocereus, II, 2, 77-82, 104,
122; IV, 281
arboreus, II, 77, 80
assurgens, II, 77, 79, 80
leonii, II, 77, 78, 79% IV, 272
maxonii, II, 77,
prostratus, II, i 79
quadricostatus, II, 77, 81
sylvestris, II, 77, 80, 81
weingartianus, II, 77, 82
Leucorhaphes, IV, 221
Leucotrichae, I, 45, 174
Leuchtenbergia, III, 78,
109
principis, III, 107, 108
Living rock, III, 83
Lobivia, III, 3, 49-60, 78, 179
andalgalensis, III, 49, 55,
56, 58.
boliviensis, III, 49, 52
bruchii, III, 49, 50
cachensis, III, 49, 52
caespitosa, III, 49, 53
chionanthus, III, 49, 58, 179
cinnabarina, ITI, 40, 54
corbula, III, 49, 56
cumingii, III, 49, 59, 117, 177
famatimensis, IV, 286
ferox, III, 49, 50, 51, 52
grandiflora, III, 49, 57
grandis, III, 49, 58
haematantha, ITi, 49, 57
lateritia, III, 49, 56
longispina, III, 49, 51, 52
pampana, III, 49, 56
pentlandii, III, 49, 54, 553
IV, 2
saltensis, III, 49, 53
shaferi, IIT, 49, 52, 53
thionantbus, III, 49, 57, 179
Lophocereus, II, 3, 170, 177,
178, 179
australis, II, 177; IV, 280
sargentianus, II, 177
schottii, II, 177, 178,
IV, 279, 280
Lophophora, III, 77, 83-85, 93
lewinii, III, 84, 85
williamsii, III, 84, 184; IV,
286
williamsii lewinii, III, 84
Loranthus aphyllus, I, 79
Lorentzianae, IV, 221
Machaerocereus, II, 2, 114-117
eruca, II, 114, 115, 116; IV,
276
gummosus, II, 114, 116, 117;
IV, 276
Macromeres, IV, 22
Maihuen, I, 40
107-
179;
Maihuenia, I, 8, 24, 40-42,
45, 95
brachydelphys, I, 41, 42;
IV, 175» 253
patagonica, I, 41
philippii, I, 41
poeppigii, I, 41, 42; IV, 253
tehuelches, I, 41, 42
valentinii, I, 40, 41, 42
Malacocarpus, III, 78, 94, 96,
138, 167, 177, 178, 187-
207, 208, 21
aciculatus, III, 198
acuatus, III, 198
apricus, III, 187, 192
catamarcensis, III, 187, 197
concinnus, III, 187, 192, 193;
IV, 289
comynuden III, 198, 199
corynodes erinaceus,
198, 199
courantii, III, 188
III,
THE CACTACEAE.
Malacocarpus—continued.
curvispinus, IIT, 188, 203
erinaceus, III, 187, 198, 199;
IV, 289
escayachensis, III, 188, 205
graessneri, III, 188, 205
grossei, III, 187, 190
haselbergii, III, 188,
205; IV, 289
heptacanthus, III, 218
islayensis, III, 188, 201
langsdorfii, IIT, 188, 199
leninghausii, III, 188, 204;
IV, 289
linkii, III, 187, 195; 1V, 289
maassii, III, 188, 202
201,
mammillarioides, III, 188,
203
mammulosus, III, 188, 200;
IV, 289
martinii, III, 188
muricatus, III, 187, 194
napinus, III, 187, 190, 191
nigrispinus, III, 187, 190
ottonis, III, 187, 195, 196;
IV, 289
patagonicus, III, 187, 197,
198
polyacanthus, III, 198, 200
pulcherrimus, III, 187, 194
reichei, III, 187, 191
schumannianus, III,
189, 190
scopa, III, 187, 193; IV, 289
sellowianus, III, 188
sellowianus tetracanthus,
Ill, 188
sellowii, III, 188, 189
sellowii tetracanthus,
188
strausianus, III, 188, 201
tabularis, III, 187, 192, 193
tephracanthus, III, 187, 188,
189, 191; IV, 288
tetracanthus, III, 188
tuberisulcatus, III, 188, 202
Malus, I, 9
Mamillaria, IV, 65
Mamillopsis, IV, 3, 19, 20
diguetii, IV, 19, 20
senilis, IV, 19, 20
Mammariella, IV, 124
Mammilaria, IV, 65
Mammillaria, I, 4; II, 3, 118;
III, 80, 83, 84, 90, 91, 92,
93, 108, 110, 208, 210, 237;
IDWS 5 MO WAG WD, 1), Die,
24, 34, 48, 51, 53,58,59, 65,
79, 107, 155, 163, 166, 172,
187,
1006,
175
acanthophlegma, IV, 1o1,
107, 108
acanthophlegma abducta,
IV, 107
acanthophlegma decandollii,
IV, 107
acanthophlegma elegans, IV,
107
scanthonnlesee leucocepha-
la, IV, 107
acanthophlegma meisneri,
IV, 107
acanthophlegma monacan-
tha, IV, 107
acanthostephes, IV, 41
acanthostephes recta, IV, 41
acicularis, IV, 171
aciculata, IV, 88, 132
actinoplea, IV, 172
adunca, IV, 140
aeruginosa, IV, 88
affinis, IV, 88
aggregata, III, 14; IV, 47
albida, IV, 132, 133
albiseta, IV, 171, 172
aloidaea pulviligera, III, 81
aloides, III, 81
alpina, IV, 63, 165
Mammillaria—continued.
alversonii, IV, 46, 47
amabilis, IV, 172
ambigua, III, 98; IV, 175
amoena, IV, 120, 167
anancistria, IV, 131
ancistracantha, IV, 15
ancistrata, IV, 150
ancistria, IV, 131
ancistrina, IV, 150
ancistroides, IV, 149, 150
ancistroides inuncinata, IV,
132
ancistroides major, IV, 150
andreae, IV, 121
anguinea, IV, 134
angularis, IV, 88, 90, 92
angularis compressa, IV, 91,
92
angularis fulvescens, IV, 92
angularis fulvispina, IV, 91
angularis longiseta, IV, 91
angularis rufispina, IV, 92
angularis triancantha, IV, 91
anisacantha, IV, 103, 105
applanata, IV, 76
areolesa, III, 80
argentea, IV, 172
arida, IV, 73
arietina, IV, 41
arietina spinosior, IV, 41
arizonica, IV, 43, 46, 48
armillata, IV, 157
aselliformis, IV, 59
asterias, IV, 31
asteriflora, IV, 172
atrata, III, 97, 98; IV, 122
atrorubra, IV, 172
atrosanguinea, IV, 172
aulacantha, IV, 171
aulacothele, IV, 30, 31
aulacothele flavispina, IV, 30
aulacothele multispina, IV,
30
aulacothele spinosior, IV, 30
aulacothele sulcimamma, IV,
30
aurata, IV, 122
aurea, IV, 123
aureiceps, IV, 114
auricoma, IV, 117
aurorea, IV, 118
autumnalis, IV, 92
badispina, IV, 172
barbata, IV, 144, 145
barlowii, IV, 172
beguinii, IV, 16
bellatula, IV, 165
beneckei, IV, 171
bergeana, IV, 150
bergenii, IV, 172
bergii, IV, 165
besleri, III, 220
bicolor, IV, 98, 99, 168
bicolor cristata, IV, 98
bicolor longispina, IV, 98
bicolor nivea, IV, 98
bicolor nobilis, IV, 98, 99
bifurca, IV, 172
biglandulosa, IV, 30
bihamata, IV, 140
binops, IV, 172
bocasana, IV, 147
bocasana cristata, IV,
148
bocasana glochidiata, IV, 147
bocasana kunzeana, IV, 145
bocasana sericata, IV, 147
bocasana splendens, IV, 147
bocasiana, IV, 171
bockii, IV, 77
boedekeriana, IV, 154
bombycina, IV, 50, 161
borealis, IV, 45
boucheana, IV, 79
brachydelphis, IV, 175, 253
brandegeei, IV, 65, 73, 74
brandi, IV, 171
147,
Mammillaria—conlinued.
brandtii, IV, 172
brevimamma, IV, 31
brevimamma exsudans, IV,
31
breviseta, IV, 172
brongniartii, IV, 109
brownii, IV, 25, 33, 34
bruennowii, IV, 172
buchheimeana, IV, 75
bumamma, IV, 33, 38,
bussleri, IV, 26, 27
caesia, IV, 118
caespititia, IV, 126, 165
caespitosa, III, 25, 26; IV,
52, 134
calcarata, IV, 48, 49
calochlora, IV, 50
camptotricha, IV, 61, 126,
127
candida, IV, 130
candida rosea, IV, 130
canescens, IV, 17, 133
cantera, IV, 172
caput-medusae, IV, 86, 87
caput-medusae centrispina,
V, 86
caput-medusae crassior, IV,
86
caput-medusae hexacantha,
V, 87
caput-medusae tetracantha,
TV, 86, 87
caracasana, IV, 70
caracassana, IV, 70, 71
carnea, IV, 87, 88, 89, 102
carnea aeruginosa, IV, 88
carnea cirrosa, IV, 88
earnea villifera, [V, 102
carretii, IV, 149, 151, 160
castaneoides, IV, 118
cataphracta, IV, 88
caudata, IV, 175
celsiana, IV, 99, 112, 113
celsiana guatemalensis, IV,
115
celsiana longispina, IV, 172
centa, IV, 171
centricirrha, IV, 41, 77, 78,
79, 80, 169
centricirrha amoena, IV, 79
centricirrha arietina, IV, 79
centricirrha bockii, IV, 78,
79
centricirrha boucheana, IV,
79
centricirrha ceratophora, IV,
79
centricirrha cirrhosa, IV, 79
centricirrha conopsea, IV, 79
centricirrha cristata, IV, 79
centricirrha deflexispina, IV,
79
centricirrha destorum, IV,
79
centricirrha de tampico, IV,
79
centricirrha diacantha, IV,
79
centricirrha diadema, IV, 79
centricirrha divaricata, IV,
79
centricirrha divergens, IV,
78.79 =
centricirrha ehrenbergii, IV,
79
centricirrha falcata, IV, 79
centricirrha flaviflora, IV, 63
centricirrha foersteri, IV, 79
centricirrha gebweileriana,
IV, 79
centricirrha gladiata, IV, 79
centricirrha glauca, IV, 79
centricirrha globosa, IV, 79
centricirrha grandidens, IV,
79
centricirrha guilleminiana,
IV, 79
Mammillaria—continued.
centricirrha hopferiana, IV,
centricirrha hopfferiana, IV,
79
centricirrha hystrix, IV, 79
centricirrha hystrix grandi- |
cornis, IV, 79
centricirrha hystrix longi-
spina, IV, 79
centricirrha jorderi, IV, 79
centricirrha krameri, IV, 78,
79 é
centricirrha krameri longi-
spina, IV,79
centricirrha krausei, IV, 79
centricirrha lactescens, IV,
79 s
centricirrha lehmannii, IV,
79 ean
centricirrha longispina, IV,
79
centricirrha macracantha,
IV, 79, 80
centricirrha macrothele, IV,
77,91
centricirrha magnimamma,
IV, 78, 79
centricirrha megacantha, IV,
79 j
centricirrha microceras, IV,
79
centricirrha montsii, IV, 79
centricirrha moritziana, IV,
79 ;
centricirrha neumanniana,
IV, 79 Pc
centricirrha nordmannii, IV,
79
centricirrha obconella, IV,
79
centricirrha pachythele, IV,
79 os
centricirrha pazzanii, IV, 79
centricirrha pentacantha, IV,
79
centricirrha polygona, IV,
79 j
centricirrha posteriana, IV,
79
centricirrha pulchra, IV, 79
centricirrha recurva, IV, 78,
pecan schiedeana, IV,
ce eaeita schmidtii, IV,
be dencinta spinosior, IV,
79
centricirrha subcurvata, IV,
79
centricirrha tetracanthea, IV,
79
centricirrha uberimamma,
IV, 79
centricirrha valida, IV, 79
centricirrha versicolor, IV,
79
centricirrha viridis, IV, 79
centricirrha zooderi, IV, 79
centricirrha zuccariniana,
IV, 79
centrispina, IV, 95
cephalophora, IV, 41, 128
ceratites, IV, 16
ceratocentra, IV, 32
ceratophora, IV, 77
chapinensis, IV, 100
childsi, IV, 175
chinocephala, IV, 101, 107
chlorantha, IV, 43, 46
chrysacantha, IV, 121
chrysacantha fuscata, IV,
122
chrysantha, IV, 171
circumtexta, IV, 171
cirrhifera, IV, 90, 92, 94
eirrhifera albispina, IV, 91
INDEX.
Mammillaria—continued.
cirrhifera angulosior, IV, 90
cirrhifera fulvispina, IV, 91
cirrhifera longispina, IV, 92
cirrhifera major, IV, 91
cirrhosa, IV, 78
cirrifera longiseta, IV, 91
cirrosa, IV, 78
citrina, IV, 172
clava, IV, 30
clavata, IV, 15
closiana, IV, 172
coccinea, III, 79
collina, IV, 111
columbiana, IV, 127
columnaris, IV, 88, 107
columnaris minor, IV, 88
communis, III, 225
compacta, IV, 36, 109
compressa, IV, 42, 90
confinis, IV, 133
conica, IY, 70, 165
coniflora, IV, 133
conimamma, IV, 37, 38
conimamma major, IV, 38
conoidea, IV, 14, 17, 18
conopsea, IV, 77, 79
conopsea longispina, IV, 77
conspicua, IV, 108
contacta, IV, 172
convoluta, IV, 167
corbula, III, 56
cordigera, IV, 50, 161
corioides, IV, 175
cornifera, IV, 39
cornifera impexicoma, IV,
36, 37
cornifera mutica, IV, 39
cornimamma, IV, 37
cornuta, IV, 50
corollaria, IV, 172
coronaria, IV, 41, 141, 167,
169, I71I, 176 j
coronaria minor, IV, 176
coronata, IV, 172
coryphides, IV, 172
crassispina, IV, 121, 122
erassispina gracilior, IV, 121
crassispina rufa, IV, 122
crebrispina, IV, 18
crebrispina nitida, IV, 172
criniformis, IV, 150, 151
criniformis albida, IV, 150
criniformis rosea, IV, 150
crinigera, IV, 172
crinita, IV, 150
crinita pauciseta, IV, 151
crocidata, IV, 87
crocidata quadrispina, IV, 87
crucigera, IV, 113
cubensis, IV, 48
cuneiflora, IV, 172
cunendstiana, IV, 171
curvata, IV, 31
curvispina, IV, 132, 172
curvispina parviflora, IV,
132
eylindraca, IV, 172
cylindracea, IV, 127
cylindrica flavispina, IV, 127
dactylithele, IV, 2
daedalea, IV, 98, 99, 168
daedalea viridis, IV, 86, 172
daimonoceras, IV, 36 e
dasyacantha, IV, 55, 57
dealbata, IV, 110
decholara, IV, 171
decipiens, IV, 131, 150
decipiens rosea, IV, 150
declivis, IV, 76
decora, IV, 173
decora obscura, IV, 173
dedalea viridis, IV, 86
deficiens, IV, 132
deficum, IV, 132
deflexispina, IV, 77
degrandii, IV, 172
delaetiana, IV, 39, 40, 50
Mammillaria—continued.
deleuli, IV, 172
densa, IV, 134, 135
depressa, IV, 133, 140
deserti, IV, 46, 47
desertorum, IV, 172
destorum, IV, 79
de tampico, IV, 79
diacantha, IV, 86, 110
diacantha nigra, IV, 110
diacentra, IV, 166
diadema, IV, 77
diaphanacantha, IV, 17
dichotoma, IV, 175
difficilis, IV, 28
digitalis, IV, 167
dioica, IV, 158
dioica insularis, IV, 140
disciformis. III, 106
discolor, IV, 132, 133
discolor aciculata, IV, 132
discolor albida, IV, 132
discolor breviflora, IV, 133
discolor coniflora, IV, 133
discolor curvispina, IV, 132
discolor fulvescens, IV, 133
discolor monstrosa, IV, 132
discolor nigricans, IV, 174
discolor nitens, IV, 132
discolor prolifera, IV, 132,
133
discolor pulchella, IV, 132
discolor rhodacantha, IV,
133
divaricata, IV, 77, 172
divergens, IV, 77
dolichacantha, IV, 107
dolichocentra, IV, 106, 107
dolichocentra brevispina, IV,
106
dolichocentra galeottii, IV,
105
dolichocentra phaeacantha,
IV, 105
dolichocentra picta, IV, 107
dolichocentra staminea, IV,
106
donatii, IV, 111
donkelaari, IV, 172
droegeana, IV, 10
dubia, IV, 172
dumetorum, IV, 128
durangensis, IV, 42
dyckiana, IV, 107, 108
eborina, IV, 173
eburnea, IV, 98
echinaria, IV, 136
echinata, IV, 136
echinata densa, IV, 134
echinata gracilior, IV, 136
echinata pallida, IV, 136
echinocactoides, IV, 17
echinoidea, IV, 30
echinops, IV, 102, 172
echinus, IV, 42
ehrenbergii, 1V, 77
eichlamii, IV, 94, 95
elegans, IV, 101, 107, 108,
109, 113
elegans dealbata, IV, 110
elegans globosa, IV, 107
elegans klugii, IV, 107
elegans micrantha, IV, 107
elegans minor, IV, 107
elephantidens, IV, 32, 33, 38
elephantidens bumamma,
IN, BB
elephantidens spinosissima,
IV, 33
elongata, III, 80; IV, 134,
135, 170
elongata anguinea, IV, 134
elongata centrispina, IV, 136
elongata echinata, IV, 136
elongata intertexta, IV, 134
elongata minima, IV, 135
elongata rufescens, IV, 135
elongata rufocrocea, IV, 134
397
Mammillaria—continued.
elongata stella-aurata, IV,
134
elongata straminea, IV, 135
elongata subcrocea, IV, 134
elongata tenuis, IV, 134
emskoetteriana, IV, 57
emundtsiana, IV, 173
enneacantha, IV, 172
erecta, IV, 32
erectacantha, IV, 173
eriacantha, IV, 127
eriancea, IV, 81, 121, 122
eriantha, IV, 127
erythrosperma, IV, 151
erythrosperma similis, IV,
is 1s
euchlora, IV, 173
eugenia, IV, 169
evanescens, IV, 32
evarascens, IV, 32
evarescens, IV, 32
evarescentis, IV, 32
eximia, IV, 118, 119
exsudans, IV, 31
falcata, IV, 78
farinosa, IV, 173
fasciculata, IV, 162, 163
fellneri, IV, 173
fennelii, IV, 159, 160
fertilis, IV, 131
fischeri, IV, 95
fissurata, III, 83; IV, 286
flava, IV, 173
flavescens, III, 212; IV, 166,
171, 172
flaviceps, IV, 122
flavicoma, IV, 166
flavovirens, IV, 85, 86
flavovirens cristata, IV, 86
floccigera, IV, 122
floccigera longispina, IV, 122
floribunda, IIT, 97, 98
foersteri, IV, 77
fordii, IV, 158
formosa, IV, 90
formosa dispicula, IV, 90
formosa gracilispina, IV, 90
formosa laevior, IV, 90
formosa microthele, IV, 90
foveolata, IV, 83
fragilis, IV, 133, 134
fuliginosa, IV, 71
fulvispina, IV, 121, 122, 123,
176
fulvispina media, IV, 176
fulvispina minor, IV, 176
fulvispina pyrrhocentra, IV,
123
fulvispina rubescens, IV, 121
fulvolanata, IV, 172
funckii, LV, 92
furfuracea, III, 80
fuscata, IV, r19, 121
gabbii, IV, 73, 74
galeottii, IV, 105, 106, 107,
154
gebweileriana, IV, 78
geminata, IV, 173
geminiflora, IV, 172
geminispina, IV, 98, 107, 108
geminispina monacantha,
IV, 113
geminspina tetracantha, IV,
107
gibbosa, III, 98; IV, 173
gigantea, IV, 85
gigantothele, IV, 63
glabrata, IV, 173
glabrescens, IV, 172
gladiata, IV, 77
glanduligera, IV, 31
glauca, IV, 77
globosa, IV, 63
glochidiata, IV, 149, 150, 151
glochidiata alba, IV, 150
glochidiata albida, IV, 150
glochidiata aurea, IV, 143
308
Mammillaria—continued.
glochidiata crinata, IV. 150
glochidiata inuncinata, IV,
131
glochidiata prolifera, IV, 150
aera purpurea, IV,
glochidiata rosea, IV, 150
glochidiata sericata, IV, 148.
149
glomerata, IV, 124
goeringii, IV.
goerngii, IV. 49
golziana, IV, 26, 27
goodrichii, IV, 158
goodridgei, IV, 156, 158, 159
goodridgii, IV, 158
gracilis, IV, 134, 136
gracilis laetevirens, IV. 136
gracilis pulchella, IV, 134.
13
acts virens, IV, 136
graessneriana, IV, 117
grahamii, III, 43; IV, 60,
144, 154, 155, 156 .
grahami arizonica, IV, 155
5 Lr
grahamii californica, IV, 156 |
grandicornis, IV, 79, 173
grandidens, IV, 79
grandiflora, TV, 17, 18, 131
grandis, IV, 172
granulata, IV, 125
grayhamii, IV, 156
greggu, IIT, 93
grisea, IV, 166
grusonii, TV,
grusonii Gane IV, 172
guanajuatensis, IV, SS)
guebwilleriana, IV, 17
guerkeana, IV, 29. BoM
guilleminiana, IV, 131
gummifera, IV, 74
haageana, IV, 110
haageana validior, IV, 110
haematactina, IV, 173
halei, IV, 21, 22
hamata, IV, 140, 141
hamata brevispina, IV, 141
hamata longispina, IV, 141
hamata principis. IV, 141
hamuligera, IV, 151
haselofhii, IV, 20, 118
haynei, IV, 166
haynii, IV, 166
haynii minima, IV, 167
haynii viridula, IV, 166
heeseana, IV, 94
heeseana brevispina, IV, 94
heeseana longispina, IV, 94
heinei, IV, 166
helicteres, IV, 167
hemisphaerica, IV.
hepatica, IV, 117
hermantiana, IV, 172
herrmannii, IV, 118
herrmanni flavicans, IV, 118
heteracantha, IV, 168
heteracentra, IV, 172
ES SEU EET S THI. 83; IV; |
Begomnekin TV, 172
hexacantha, IV. 167
hexacentra, IV, 63
heyderi, IV, 76, 167
heyderi agence IV, 76
heyderi hemisphaerica, IV,
75, 76
hidalgensis, IV, 88
hirschtiana, IV, 43
hirsuta, IV, 146
hochderferi, IV, 171
hoffmannseggii, IIT, 98
hopferiana, IV, 77
horripila, IV, 16
humboldtii, IV, 130
humilior, IV, 15
hybrida, IV, 122
hystrix, IV, 77, 79
|
THE CACTACEAE.
Mammillaria—continued.
imbricata, IV, 121
impexicoma, IV, 36
inclinis, IV, 9
inconspicua, IV, 17
incurva, IV, 173
intertexta, IV, 134
intertexta mufocrocea,
nas
intricata, IV, 172
inuncinata, IV, 132
inuncta, IV, 121
irregularis, IV, 167
isabellina, IV, 118
jalappensis, IV, 105
joossensiana, IV, 167
jorderi, IV. 79
jucunda, IV, 173
karstenii, IV, 71
karwinskiana, IV, 95, 96, 97
Karwinskiana centrispina,
TVi9
IV,
ea naires flavescens, IV, |
95
karwinskiana virens, IV, 95 |
kewensis, IV. 104, 105
kewensis albispina, IV, 105
Kleinii, IV, 173
Kleinschmidtiana, IV, 91
Klenneirii, IV, 171
klugii, IV, 107
knippeliana, IV, 96
krameri, IV, 77. 94
krameri viridis, IV, 78
krauseana, IV, 93
kunthii, IV, 107
kunzeana, IV, 145, 146
lactescens, IV, 7
laeta, IV, 63
lamprochaeta, IV, 173
lamuligera, IV, 151
lanifera, IV, 113, 122,
lapaixi, IV, 172
lasiacantha, IV, 124, 128
123
lasiacantha denudata, IV,
129
lasiacantha minor, IV, 128
lasiandra denudata, IV, 129
lassaunieri, TV, 167
lassonneriei, IV, 167
latimamma, IV, 41
latispina, IIT, 143
lehmannii, IV. 30, 31, 79
lehmannii sulcimamma, IV,
30
lenta, IV, 129, 130
leona, IV, 136, 137, 138
lesaunieri, IV, 167
leucacantha, IV, 30. 31
leucantha, IV, 31
leucocarpa, IV, 93
leucocentra, IV, 167
leucocephala, IV, 108
leucodasys, IV, 173
leucodictia, IV, 173
leucotricha, IV. 92
lewinii, III, 84
lindheimeri, IV, 76
linkeana, IV, 118
linkei, IV. 20
littoralis, IV, 138
livida, IV, 173
longihamata, IV, 22
longimamma, IV, 61, 62, 63
longimamma compacta, IV,
63
longimamma congesta, IV,
62, 63
longimamma cristata, IV,
63
loneunares gigantothele,
IV, 62, 63
longimamma globosa, IV, 63
longimamma hexacentra, Iv.
62
longimammia laeta, IV, 63
longimamma ludwigii, IV,
63
|
}
Mammillaria—continued.
longimamma luteola, IV, 63
longimamma malaena, IV,
63
longimamma major, IV, 63
longimamma melaleuca, IV,
63
longimamma
leuca, IV, 63
longimamma sphaerica, IV,
61
longimamma spinosior, IV,
63
longimamma uberiformis,
IV, 63
longiseta, TV. 90
longispina, IV, 79, 107
loricata, IV, 168
ludwigii, IV, 76
lutescens, IV, 172
macdougalii, IV, 74
macdowellii, IV, 85
macracantha, IV, 79, 80
macrantha, IV, 80
macromeris, IV, 25. 26
macromeris longispina, IV.
25
macromeris nigrispina, IV,
25
macrothele, IV, 30, 31
macrothele biglandulosa, IV,
pseudo-mela-
30
macrothele lehmanni, IV, 30
macrothele nigrispina, IV, 31
maelenii, IV, 8
magnimamma, IV, 41, 77,
128
magnimamma arietina, IV,
41
magnimamma lutescens, IV,
4l
magnimamma spinosior, IV,
41
mainae, IV, 154
mallettiana, IV, 99
mammillaris, IV, 7o
martiana, IV, 30
maschalacantha, IV, 92. 93
maschalacantha dolichacan-
tha, IV, 93
maschalacantha leucotricha,
IV, 92
maschalacantha xantotricha,
INVE CE a.
mazatlanensis, IV, 138
megacantha, IV, 77
megacantha rigidior, IV, 77
meiacantha, IV, 84
meionacantha, IV, 84
meisneri, IV, 107
melaleuca, IV, 63
melanacantha, IV, 173
malanocentra, IV, 81
meonacantha, IV, 84
mercadensis, IV, 145
meschalacantha, IV, 93
micans, IV, 173
micracantha, IV,
micrantha, IV, 71
microcarpa, IV, 155. 156
microceras, IV, 77
microdasys, IV, 172
micromeris, III, 92, 93; IV,
« 55, 109, 173
micromeris fungifera, IIT, 93
micromeris greggii, III, 93
microthele, IV, 71, 108, 109
microthele brongniartii, IV,
109
minima, IV, 134, 135
miqueliana, IV, 172
mirabilis, TV, 118
7i, 173
)
missouriensis, IV, 51, 52,53 |
missouriensis caespitosa, IV,
52
missouriensis nuttallii, IV, 53 |
missouriensis robustior, IV,
52
Mammillaria—conlinued.
missouriensis similis, IV, 52
missouriensis viridescens,
IV, 53
mitis. IV, 175
monancistria, IV, 148
monocentra, IV, 168
monoclova, IV, 37
monothele, IV, 172
montana, IV, 45
montsii, IV, 79
morini, IV, 172
moritziana, IV, 79
mucronata, IV, 173
muehlenpfordtii, IV, 11
multicolor, IV, 172
multiceps, IV, 125, 126
multiceps elongata, IV, 125
multiceps grisea, IV, 125
multiceps humilis, IV, 125
multiceps perpusilla, IV, 125
multiradiata, IV, 171
multiseta, IV, 173
multihamata, IV, 146
mundtii, IV, 112
mutabilis, IV. 92, 93. 94
mutabilis autumnalis, IV, 93
mutabilis laevior, IV, 93
mutabilis longispina, IV, 94
mutabilis xanthotricha, IV,
92
mystax, IV, 92, 94
napina, IV, 104
neglecta, IV, 123
neo-mexicana, IV, a
nervosa cristata, IV, 168
nervosus cristatus, Ty. . 168
neumanni glabrescens, IV, 78
neumanniana, IV, 77
nicholsoni, IV, 168
nickelsae, IV, 35
nickelsi, IV, 172
nigerrima, IV, 172
nigra, IV, 171
nigricans, IV, 116, 117
nitens, IV, 132
nitida, IV. 165
nivea, IV, 98
nivea cristata, IV, 99
nivea daedalea, IV, 98
nivea longispina, IV, 99
nivea wendlei, IV, 99
nivosa, IV, 71, 72
nobilis, IV, 98. 99
nogalensis. IV, 28
nordmannii, IV, 79
notesteinii, IV, 53
nuda, IV, 168
numina, IV, 172
nuttallii, IV, 52, 53
nuttallii borealis, IV. 53
nuttallii caespitosa, IV, 52
nuttallii robustior, IV, 52
obconella, II, 102; IV,
106, 107
obconella galeottii, IV, 105
obliqua, IV, 173
obscura, IV, 87
obscura galeottii, IV, 106
obvallata, IV, 174
ocamponis, IV, 145
octacantha, IV, 30
odieriana, IV, 121, 123
odieriana aurea, IV, 123
odieriana cristata, IV, 12
odieriana rigidior, IV, 12
odieriana rubra, IV, 122
oettingenii. IV, 91
olivacea, IV, 123
oliviae, IV, 135
olorina, IV, 174
oothele, IV, 102, 174
ottonis, IV, 26, 27
ottonis tenuispina, IV, 26
ovimamma, IV, 174
ovimamma brevispina, IV,
174
ovimamma oothele, IV
79:
7,174
Mammillaria—continued.
pachytele, IV, 78
painteri, IV, 151, 152
pallescens, IV, 88
palmeri, IV, 172
papyracantha, III, 91
parkinsonii, IV, 98
parkinsonii rubra, IV, 98
parkinsonii waltonii, IV, 98
parmentieri, IAW 387/24
parvimamma, IV, 70
parvissima, IV, 126
pazzanii, IV, 77
peacockii, IV, 110
pectinata, IV, 34, 35, 175
pectinata cristata, IV, 34
pectinifera, IV, 64
pentacantha, IV, 77
perbella, IV, 108, 111
perote, IV, 110
perpusilla, IV, 126
perringii, IV, 112, 113
persicina, IV, 174
petrophila, IV, 73
petterssonii, IV, 94
pfeifferana, IV, 39
pfeifferi, IV, 121, 123
pfeifferi altissima, IV, 121
pfeifferi dichotoma, IV, 121
pfeifferi flaviceps, IV, 121
pfeifferi fulvispina, IV, 121
pfeifferi variabilis, IV, 121
phaeacantha, IV, 116, 117,
122
phaeacantha ridigior, IV, 117
phaeotrica, IV, 174.
phellosperma, IV, 60, 65,
156
sigmoid IV, 76
picta, IV, 169
picturata, IV, 176
pilispina, IV, 14
plaschnickii, IV, 30
plaschnickii straminea, IV,
30
plecostigma, IV, 169
plecostigma major, IV, 169
plecostigma minor, IV, 169
pleiocephala, IV, 174
plinthimorpha, IV, 169
plumosa, IV, 123, 124
polia, IV, 172
polyacantha, IV, 117
polyactina, IV, 117
polycentra, IV, 117
polycephala, IV, 113
polychlora, IV, 18
polyedra, IV, 101, 102, 103
polyedra anisacantha, IV,
103
polyedra laevior, IV, 102,
103
polyedra scleracantha, IV,
102, 103
polyedra spinosior, IV, 102
polygona, IV, 101, 105
polymorpha, IV, 24, 30, 31,
174
polythele, IV, 88, 168
polythele aciculata, IV, 88,
132
polythele columnaris, IV, 88
polythele hexacantha, IV, 88
polythele latimamma, IV,
88
polythele quadrispina, IV,
88
polythele setosa, IV, 88
polytricha, IV, 102
polytricha hexacantha, IV,
102
polytricha tetracantha, IV,
102
pomacea, IV, 117
pondii, IV, 23
porphyracantha, IV, 174
poselgeri, IV, 22
poselgeriana, IV, 118, 119
INDEX.
Mammillaria—continued.
posteriana, IV, 79
potosiana, IV, 15, 24, 50
potosina, IV, 99
potosina longispina, IV, 99
pottsii, IV, 136, 137
pottsii vera, IV, 137
praelii, IV, 96
pretiosa, IV, 117
pretiosa cristata, IV, 118
principis, IV, 141
pringlei, IV, 115
prismatica, III, 80, 81
procera, IV, 174
prolifera, IV, 70, 124, 125
pruinosa, IV, 118
pseudofuseata, TV 119, 120
pseudomammnillaris, IV, 132
pseudoperbella, IV, 108, 109
pseudoperbella rufispina, IV,
109
pugionacantha, IV, 174
pulchella, IV, 132
pulchella nigricans, IV, 132
pulcherrima, IV, 117, 172
pulchra, IV, 121, 123, 169
pulvilligera, III, 81
punctata, IV, 174
purpuracea, III, 80
purpurascens, IV, 174
purpurea, IV, 174
purpusii, III, 90, 91
pusilla, IV, 57, 70, 71, 124,
125
pusilla caespititia, IV, 126
_ pusilla cristata, IV, 125
pusilla haitiensis, IV, 71, 124
pusilla major, IV, 124
pusilla mexicana, IV, 126
pusilla minor, IV, 124
pusilla multiceps, IV, 57
pusilla texana, IV, 125, 126
pycnacantha, IV, 34, 40, 41,
42
pycnacantha scepontocen-
tra, IV, 41
pycnacantha spinosior, IV,
41
pyramidalis, IV, 122
pytrhacantha, IV, 172
pytrhacantha pallida, IV,
172
pyrrhochracantha, IV, 121
pytrhocentra, IV, 123
pyrrhocentra gracilior, IV,
123
pyrrhocephala, IV, 99, 100,
102
pytrhocephala donkelaeri,
IV, 99
pyrrhochrocantha, IV, 121
quadrata, IV, 175
quadrispina, IV, 88
quadrispina major, IV, 88
quehlii, IV, 172
radians, IV, 28, 34, 36, 37,
39, 42
radians daemonoceras, IV, 36
radians echinus, IV, 42
radians globosa, IV, 36
eae impexicoma, IV, 35,
> 37
peste sulcata, IV, 48, 49
radicantissima, IV, 15, 16
tadiosa, IV, 43, 45
radiosa alversonil, IV, 46, 47
radiosa arizonica, IV, 45
radiosa borealis, IV, 45
radiosa chlorantha, IV, 43
radiosa deserti, IV, 46
radiosa neo-mexicana, IV, 45
tadiosa texana, IV, 45
radliana, IV, 22
radula, IV, 122
ramosissima, IV, 51
raphidacantha, IV, 50, 51
traphidacantha ancistracan-
tha, IV, 15
Mammillaria—continued.
trebsamiana, IV, 82
tebuti, IV, 172
recta, IV, 108
recurva, IV, 31, 77
recurvata, IV, 27, 28
recurvispina, IV, 2
Brer23)
regia, IV, 174
retusa, III, 81; IV, 38
rhaphidacantha, IV, 15, 16
thaphidacantha humilior,
IV, 15
thodacantha, IV, 133
rhodacantha pallidior, IV,
133
rhodantha, IV, 114, 117, 121,
I22, 123, 176
rhodantha andreae, IV, 121
rhodantha aurea, IV, 123
rhodantha aureiceps, IV, 114
rhodantha callaena, IV, 122
rhodantha celsii, IV, 123
thodantha centrispina, IV,
121
rhodantha chrysacantha, IV,
thodantha crassispina, IV,
122
rhodantha cristata, IV, 123
thodantha droegeana, IV,
10, 122
thodantha fulvispina, IV,
122, 123, 176
thodantha fuscata, IV, 122,
123
rhodantha inuncta, IV, 123
rhodantha major, IV, 121
rhodantha neglecta, IV, 121,
123
rhodantha odieriana, IV, 122
thodantha pfeifferi, IV, 122,
123
rhodeatha prolifera, IV, 121
thodantha pyramidalis, IV,
122
thodantha rubens, IV, 121
rhodantha ruberrima, IV,
122
thodantha rubescens, IV,
122
rhodantha rubra, IV, 122,
123
thodantha ruficeps, IV, 122,
123
thodantha schochiana, IV,
123
rhodantha stenocephala, IV,
122
thodantha sulphurea, IV, 122
rhodantha tentaculata, IV,
122
thodantha wendlandii, IV,
121
trhodeocentra, IV, 174
thodeocentra_ gracilispina,
IV, 174
Tigidispina, IV, 106, 107
robusta, IV, 121
robustispina, IV, 33, 34
roematactina, IV, 171
roessingii, IV, 172
roii, IV, 172
rosea, IV, 174
roseana, IV, 22
ruestii, IV, 115
tuficeps, IV, 121
tufidula, IV, 174
tufocrocea, IV, 134, 174
tungii, IV, 129
ruschiana, IV, 174
russea, IV, 122
rutila, IV, 113, 169
tutila octospina, IV, 169
tutila pallidior, IV, 169
salm-dyckiana, IV, 39, 40
salm-dyckiana brunnea, IV,
39
, 28, 47, |
3099
Mammillaria—continued.
salmiana, IV, 172
saluciana, IV, 171
sanguinea, IV, 118, 119
sartorii, IV, 82
sartorii brevispina, IV, 82
sartorii longispina, IV, 82
saxatilis, IV, 169
scepontocentra, IV, 41
schaeferi, IV, 112
schaeferi longispina, IV, 112
scheeri, IV, 17, 28, 29, 40,
51, 55
scheeri valida, IV, 28, 2
scheidweileriana, IV, 148
schelhasei, IV, 149
schelhasei lanuginosior, IV,
147
schelhasei rosea, IV, 149
schelhasei sericata, IV, 149
schelhasei triuncinata, IV,
149
schiedeana, IV, 128
schlechtendalii, IV, 30
schlechtendaliilaevior, IV, 30
schmerwitzii, IV, 169
schmidtii, IV, 78
schochiana, IV, 123
schumanniana, IV, 59
schumannii, IV, 57, 58, 59
scleracantha, IV, 103
scolymoides, IV, 18, 39
scolymoides longiseta, IV, 39
scolymoides nigricans, IV, 39
scolymoides raphidacantha,
IV, 15
seegeri, TW, 118
seegeri gracilispina, IV, 118
seegeri mirabilis, IV, 118
seegeri pruinosa, IV, 118
seemannii, IV, 170
seideliana, IV, 144
seidelii, IV, 174
seitziana, IV, 83
semilonia, IV, 172
sempervivi, IV, 86, 87
sempervivi laeteviridis, IV,
sempervivi tetracantha, IV,
86
senckeana, IV, 83
senckei, IV, 83, 99
senilis, IV, 19, 20
senilis diguetii, IV, 20
senilis haseloffii, IV, 20
senilis linkei, IV, 20
senkii, IV, 99
sericata, IV, 128
setispina, IV, 22, 23
setosa, IV, 88
severini, IV, 174
similis, IV, 49, 52
similis caespitosa, IV, 52
similis robustior, IV, 52
simonis, IV, 172
simplex, IV, 53, 65, 70, 71
simplex affinis, IV, 71
simplex flavescens, IV, 166
simplex parvimamma, IV,
7O
simpsonii, III, 90
solitaria, IV, 175
sororia, IV, 170
spaethiana, III, 91
speciosa, IV, 51, 174, 175
spectabilis, IV, 105, 174
sphacelata, IV, 138, 170
sphaerica, IV, 61, 62, 158
sphaerotricha, IV, 130
sphaerotricha rosea, IV, 130
spinaurea, IV, 170
spinii, IV, 133
spinosa, IV, 175
spinosior, IV, 79
spinosissima, III, 179; IV,
II7, 118, 119, 164
spinosissima auricoma, IV,
118, 119
310
Mammillaria—continued .
spinosissima aurorea, IV, 118
spinosissima brunnea, IV,
118, 119
spinosissima eximia, IV, 118
spinosissima flavida, IV, 118
spinosissima haseloffhi, IV,
118
spinosissima hepatica, IV,
118
spinosissima herrmannii, IV,
118
spinosissima isabellina, IV,
118
spinosissima linkeana, IV,
118
spinosissima mirabilis, IV,
118
spinosissima pruinosa, IV,
118
spinosissima pulcherrima,
IV, 118
spinosissima rubens, IV, 118
spinosissima sanguinea, IV,
118
spinosissima seegeri, IV, 118
spinosissima vulpina, IV, 118
splendens, IV, 107
squarrosa, IV, 91
staurotypa, IV, 87
stella-aurata, IV, 134, 135
stella-aurata gracilispina, IV,
134
stella-aurata minima, IV,
135
stella de tacubaya, IV, 164
stellaris, IV, 124
stellata, IV, 124
stenocephala, IV, 121
stephani, IV, 172
stipitata, IV, 15
straminea, IV, 166
strobiliformis, IV, 17, 48, 54,
stobilitormis caespititia, IV,
Seonilsfonmis durispina, IV,
sb bilifonmis pubescens, IV,
SEninlifomnic rufispina, IV,
54 eR
stueberi, IV, 121, 123
suaveolens, IV, 170
subangularis, IV, 90, 91
subcirrhifera, IV, 91
subcrocea, IV, 134, 135
subcrocea anguinea, IV, 135
subcrocea intertexta, IV, 134
subcrocea rufescens, IV, 134
subcrocea rutila, IV, 135
subcurvata, IV, 77
subechinata, IV, 134.
suberecta, IV, 172
subpolyedra, IV, ror, 105
subtetragona, IV, 88
subulata, IV, 175
subulifera, IV, 174
sulcata, III, 82; IV, 48, 49
sulcimamma, IV, 30
sulco-glandulifera, IV, 15
sulcolanata, IV, 23, 37, 38, 51
sulcolanata macracantha, IV,
38
sulphurea, IV, 116, 121
supertexta, IV, 107, 108
supertexta caespitosa, IV,
108
supertexta compacta, IV, 108
supertexta dichotoma, IV,
113
supertexta rufa, IV, 134
supertexta tetracantha, IV,
107, 108
tacubayensis, IV, 164
tecta, IV, 174
tellii, IV, 172
THE CACTACEAE.
Mammillaria—continued.
tentaculata, IV, 121, 123,
169
tentaculata conothele, IV,
12
tentaculata fulvispina, IV,
nBs,
tentaculata picta, IV, 122
tentaculata rubra, IV, 123
tentaculata ruficeps, IV, 121,
123
tenuis, IV, 134, 135
tenuis arrecta, IV, 134
tenuis coerulescens, IV, 134
tenuis derubescens, IV, 134
tenuis media, IV, 134
tenuis minima, IV, 134
tetracantha, IV, 79, 106, 107
tetracentra, IV, 77
tetrancistra, IV, 60
texana, IV, 125
texensis, IV, 76
thelocamptos, IV, 30
thornberi, IV, 162
toaldoae, IV, 98
tomentosa, IV, 175
tomentosa flava, IV, 173
tortolensis, IV, 72
triacantha, IV, 90
trichacantha, IV, 151
trigona, III, 81
trohartii, IV, 170
tuberculosa, IV, 53, 54, 55,
137
turbinata, III, 106, 107
uberiformis, IV, 63, 64
uberiformis gracilior, IV, 63
uberiformis hexacentra, IV,
62
uberiformis major, IV, 63
uberiformis variegata, IV, 63
uberimamma, IV, 78
uhdeana, IV, 118
umbrina, IV, 164, 166
uncinata, IV, 140
uncinata biuncinata, IV, 140
uncinata rhodacantha, IV,
140
uncinata spinosior, IV, 140
uniseta, IV, 170
urbaniana, IV, 48
utahensis, IV, 43
valida, IV, 28, 30, 34, 81
varimamma, IV, 175
variimamma, IV, 172
venusta, IV, 58
verhaertiana, IV, 164
versicolor, IV, 77
vetula, IV, 130, 131
vetula major, IV, 131
villa-lerdo, IV, 172
villifera, IV, 89, 102
villifera aeruginosa, IV, 88
villifera carnea, IV, 88
villifera cirrhosa, IV, 88
villifera cirrosa, IV, 88
villosa, IV, 172
viperina, IV, 170, 171
virens, IV, 95
viridis, IV, 79, 96, 97
viridis praelii, IV, 96
viridula, IV, 166
vivipara, IV, 43, 44, 45, 48
vivipara neo-mexicana, IV,
48
vivipara radiosa, IV, 43, 45
vivipara radiosa neo-mexi-
cana, IV, 45
vivipara vera, IV, 43, 44
voburnensis, IV, 100
vulpina, IV, 118
waltonii, IV, 98
webbiana, IV, 87
wegeneri, IV, 175
wegeneri cristata, IV, 172
wilcoxii, IV, 153, 154
wildiana, IV, 143
Mammillaria—continued.
wildiana compacta, IV, 143
wildiana cristata, IV, 143
wildiana major, IV, 143
wildiana monstrosa, IV, 143
wildiana rosea, IV, 148
wildiana spinosior, IV, 143
wildii, IV, 143
wildii compacta, IV, 143
wildii cristata, IV, 143
williamsii, III, 84
winkleri, IV, 41
wissmannii, IV, 52
woburnensis, IV, 100
wrightii, IV, 152, 153, 154
xanthispina, IV, 172
xanthotricha laevior, IV, 93
zanthotricha, IV, 92
zegschwitzii, IV, 175
zephyranthiflora, IV, 160
zephyranthoides, IV, 159,
160
zepnickii, IV, 175
zeyeriana, IV, 171
zooderi, IV, 79
zuccariniana, IV, 89, 90
zuccarinii, [V, 80
Mammillariae, IV, 23
Manca caballo, III, 175
Mandacaru, II, 9
Mandacaru de boi, II, 9
Mandacaru de penacho, II, 30
Martin’s tail-cereus, II, 224
Matéare, I, 13
Matucana, III, 78, 102-104
haynei, III, 102, 103, 104
Mediocactus, II, 183, 210-212
coccineus, II, 211, 212
megalanthus, II, 211, 212,
213
Melocactus, II, 170; III, 91,
140, 166, 175, 186, 216,
220, 221, 226, 227, 229,
231, 234, 236, 237; IV,
41, 124, 281
aciculosus, III, 223
aciculosus adauctus, III, 223
acuatus, III, 188, 189
acutatus, III, 188
albispinus, III, 223
ambiguus, III, 72, 98
amoenus, III, 221, 232
angusticostatus, III, 222
appropinquatus, III, 223
approximatus, III, 222
arcuatus, III, 223, 224
argenteus, III, 222
argenteus tenuispinus, III,
222
armatus, III, 223
atrosanguineus, III, 230
atrovirens, III, 238
baarsianus, III, 223
bargei, III, 223, 224
besleri, III, 219, 220
besleri affinis, III, 142
bradleyi, III, 230
bradypus, II, 2
brongnartii, III, 225, 227
brongniartii, III, 225
buysianus, III, 22
caesius, III, 221, 233, 234
caesius griseus, III, 233
eapillaris, III, 223
cephalenoplus, III, 221, 233
columna-trajani, II, 76
communiformis, III, 224,
225, 238
communis, III, 221, 224, 225,
226, 231, 232, 238
communis acicularis, III,
224
communis atrosanguineus,
III, 230
communis bradleyi, III, 230
communis conicus, III, 226
communis croceus, III, 230
Melocactus—conlinued.
communis eustachianus, III,
230
communis grengeli, III, 230
communis havannensis, III,
230
communis hookeri, III, 230
communis joerdensii, III,
232
communis laniferus, III, 224
communis macrocephalus,
III, 226
communis magnisulcatus,
III, 224
communis oblongus, III, 226
communis ovatus, III, 230,
231
communis spinosior, III, 224.
communis viridis, III, 230
compactus, III, 223
contortus, III, 223
cordatus, III, 223
cornutus, III, 222, 224
coronatus, III, 238
crassicostatus, III, 232
crassispinus, III, 226
croceus, III, 230, 231
curvispinus, III, 221, 229, 237
, cylindricus, III, 223
delessertianus, III, 221, 229,
237
depressus, III, 176, 235
dichroacanthus, III, 224, 230
dilatatus, III, 223
eburneus, III, 223
elegans, III, 72
ellemeetii, IV, 289
elongatus, III, 22
ernesti, III, 227
euryacanthus, III, 223
eustachianus, III, 230, 231
evertszianus, III, 222
excavatus, III, 237
exsertus, III, 223, 224
extensus, III, 223
ferox, III, 178, 221, 222, 238
ferus, III, 223
firmus, III, 223
flammerus, III, 223
flavispinus, III, 223
flexilis, III, 223
flexus, III, 222
fluminensis, IIJ, 238
gardenerianus, III, 235
gilliesii, III, 75
gilvispinus, III, 22
gilvispinus planispinus, III,
gladiatus, III, 119, 120
goniacanthus, III, 235
goniodacanthus, III, 235
gracilis, III, 223
grandis, III, 223
grandispinus, III, 223
grengelii, III, 230
griseus, III, 221, 233
grollianus, III, 223, 224
guatemalensis, III, 227
harlowii, III, 232
havannensis, III,
22)
hexacanthus, III, 222
hispanicolicus, III, 226
hookeri, III, 230
hookerianus, III, 238
humilis, III, 233, 234
hystrix, III, 237
incurvus, III, 222
inflatus, III, 22
ingens, III, 169
intermedius, III, 222
intermedius laticostatus, III,
intermedius rotundatus, III,
2213,
intermedius tenuispinus, III,
223
221,
230,
Melocactus—continued.
intortus, IIT, 230, 231
intricatus, III, 206
inversus, III, 223
koolijckianus, III,
koolijckianus adustus, III,
222
laciniatus, III, 182
lamarckii, III, 224
langsdorfii, III, 199
latispinus, III, 143
lehmannii, III, 221, 222, 224
lemarii, III, 226
leopoldii, III, 238
leucacanthus, III, 223
leucaster, III, 238
limis, III, 222
linkii, III, 230, 231
linkii trispinus, III, 231
lobelii, III, 238
lutescens, III, 223
222
macracanthoides, III, 230,
231
macracanthus, III, 222, 224,
226
macrocanthus, III, 230
mamillariaeformis, III,
IV, 41
mamillariiformis; IV, 41
martialis, III, 223
maxonii, III, 227, 228
melocactoides, III, 235
melocactus, III, 224
meonacanthus, III, 224, 22
microcarpus, III, 223
microcephalus, III, 222, 22
microcephalus olivascens,
III, 22
miquelii, III, 230, 231
monoclonos, II, 41
monvilleanus, III, 237
nanus, III, 222
negryi, st Ze
neryi, Ill,
nigro- eee III, 238
obliquus, III, 222
obovatus, III, 223
obtusipetalus, III, 221, 232
obtusipetalus crassicostatus,
M232
octogonus, III, 238
oreas, III, 22
orthacanthus, III, 138
ovatus, III, 223
pachycentrus, IV,
parthoni, ITI, 235
parvispinus, III,
237
patens, III, 222, 22
pentacanthus, III, 223
pentacentrus, III, ee
peruvianus, 2)
pinguis, Ill, ao
pinguis areolosus, III, 223
pinguis laticostatus, III, 223
pinguis planispinus, III, 22
pinguis tenuissimus, III, 223
placentiformis, III, 219
platyacanthus, III, 172
poliacanthus, III, 198, 199
portoricensis, ae 2 231
pulvinosus, ITI, 2
pusillus, III, 222
289
222, 224,
122g 225
pyramidalis Iil,
222
pyramidalis compressus, III,
223 i
pyramidalis costis-angustroe-
bus, III, 223
pyramidalis pumilus,
carmeus,
Ill,
223
radiatus, III, 223
radiatus contortus, III, 223
retiusculus, III, 222
retiusculus angusticostatus,
III, 222
INDEX.
Melocactus—continued.
recurvus, III, 141, 143
repens, III, 238
reticulatus, III,
reversus, III, 22
toseus, III, 222
rotatus, III, 22
rotifer, III, 223
rotifer angustior, III, 22
rotula, III, 224
rotula angusticostatus, III,
223
rotula validispinus, III, 223
rubellus, III, 222
tubellus ferox, III, 222
rubellus hexacanthus, III,
222
rubens, III, 221, 224, 22
tudis, III, 222
ruestii, III, 22
rufispinus, III, 225
salmianus, III, 222, 224
salmianus aciculosus,
223
salmianus adauctus, III, 223
salmianus contractus, III,
223
2
III,
223
salmianus quadrispinus, III,
224
salmianus spectabilis, III,
223
salmianus trispinus, III, 224
salvador, III, 221, 228, 229
salvatoris, III, 229
san salvador, III, 228
schlumbergerianus, III, 230
sellowii, III, 188, 189
sordidus, III, 223
spatanginus, III, 222, 224
spatangus, III, 222
spina christi, III, 178, 238
stellatus, III, 223
stellatus dilatatus, III, 223
stellatus flavispinus, III, 22
stellatus inflatus, III, 22
stellatus sordidus, III, 223
stramineus, III, 222
stramineus trichacanthus,
III, 222
tenuispinus, III, 196
tenuissimus, III, 22
tephracanthus, III,
189
trachycephalus, III, 223
trichacanthus, III, 222
trigonaster, III, 223
trigonus, III, 22
tuberculatus, III, 170
uncinatus, III, 223, 224
violaceus, III, 235
viridescens, III, 140
wendlandii, III, 2
xanthacanthus, III,
zuccarinii, III, 222, a
Melocarduus echinatus, ITI, 2
Melon cactus, III, 228
Melon thistle, IV, 71
Melones, III, 221
Mescal button, III, 84; IV, 286
Mesembryanthemoides, IV, 220
Mesembryanthemum, IV, 222
Microgoni, III, 202
Mila, III, 77, 78, 211, 212
caespitosa, III, 211
Miquelianae, I, 44, 78
Mission cactus, I, 186
Monster cactus, III, 170, 171
Monvillea, II, 1, 21-25
amazonica, II, 21, 24
cavendishii, II, 21, 22, 118,
224; 1V, 268
diffusa, II, 21, 24
insularis, II, 21, 22, 23
maritima, II, 21, 24, 25
phatnosperma, II, 21, 24
spegazzinii, II, 21, 23; IV,
268
188,
Muyusa, II, 160
Myrtillocactus, II, 3, 178-181
cochal, II, 179, 180; IV, 280
eichlamii, II, 179, 180, 181
geometrizans, II, 179, 181;
IV, 280
schenckii, II, 179, 180
Neoabbottia, 1V, 280-282
paniculata, LV, 247, 280, 281,
w~ 282
Najti de Culebra, I, 19
Neobesseya, IV, 3, 51-53
missouriensis, IV, 51, 53
notesteinii, IV, 51, 53
similis, IV, 51, 52
wissmannii, IV, 51, 52
Neolloydia, IV, 3, 14-18
beguinii, IV, 14, 16
ceratites, IV, 14, 16, 17
clavata, IV, 14, 15
conoidea, IV, 14, 15, 17, 131
horripila, IV, 14, 1
pilispina, IV, 14
texensis, IV, 14, 18
Neomammillaria, IV, 3,
176, 250
albicans, IV, 68, 138, 139
amoena, IV, 68, 120, 121
applanata,. IV, 66, 76
arida, IV, 66, 73, 74
armillata, IV, 69, 157
aureiceps, IV, 67, 113, 114
barbata, IV, 69, 144, 145
bocasana, IV, 69, 147
boedekeriana, IV, 69, 154
bombycina, IV, 69, 160, 161
brandegeei, IV, 66, 73, 74
camptotricha, IV, 68, 126,
127
candida, IV, 68, 130
carnea, IV, 66, 88, 89
earretii, IV, 69, 157, 160
celsiana, IV, 67, 112
cerralboa, IV, 68, 116
chinocephala, IV, 67,
Ior
collina, IV, 67, 111
collinsii, IV, 67, 99, 101, 104
compressa, IV, 67, 90, 91, 92
confusa, IV, 67. 102
conzattii, IV, 67, 103, 105
crocidata, IV, 66, 87
dealbata, IV, 67, 109, 110
decipiens, IV, 68, 131
densispina, IV, 68, 119
denudata, IV, 68, 129
dioica, IV, 69, 158, 159
discolor, IV, 68, 131, 132
donatii, IV, 67, 111
echinaria, IV, 68, 136
eichlamii, IV, 67, 94, 95
elegans, IV, 67, 107, 108, 165
elongata, IV, 68, 133, 134
eriacantha, IV, 68, 127, 128
evermanna, IV, 67, 97
fasciculata, IV, 69, 162
fertilis, IV, 68, 131
flavovirens, IV, 66, 85
formosa, IV, 66, 90
fragilis, IV, 68, 133
fraileana, IV, 69, 157
galeottil, IV, 67, 105
gaumeri, IV, 66, 72
geminispina, IV, 67, 98, 99
gigantea, IV, 66, 85
glochidiata, IV, 69, 149, 150
goodridgei, IV, 69, 158
graessneriana, IV, 68,
I17
gummifera, IV, 66, 74
haageana, IV, 67, 110
hamata, IV, 68, 140, 141
hemisphaerica, IV, 66, 73,
75, 76
heyderi, IV, 66, 73, 75, 76
hirsuta, IV, 69, 146
jaliscana, IV, 69, 160
65-
100,
116,
311
Neomammillaria—continued.
johnstonii, IV, 66, 80, 81
karwinskiana, IV, 67, 95
kewensis, IV, 67, 104, 106
kunzeana, IV, 69, 145, 147,
152
lanata, IV, 67, 104, 105
lasiacantha, IV, 68, 128, 129
lenta, IV, 68, 128, 129
lloydii, IV, 66, 89
longicoma, IV, 69, 146, 147,
150
longiflora, IV, 69, 162, 163
macdougalii, IV, 66, 70, 74,
75
macracantha, IV, 66, 78, 79,
80
magnimamma, IV, 66, 77,
78, 94
mainae, IV, 69, 153, 154
mammillaris, IV, 66, 70, 71,
166
mazatlanensis, IV, 68,
138
meiacantha, IV, 66, 84, 85
melanocentra, IV, 66, 81, 82
mercadensis, IV, 69, 145, 146
eee IV, 69, 152, 155,
137
millers, IV, 69, 156, 176
multi eps, IV, 68, 125, 126
multiformis, IV, 69, 148
multihamata, IV, 69, 146,
152
mundtii, IV, 67, 110, 112
mystax, IV, 67, 92, 93, 95
napina, IV, 67, 104
nelsonii, IV, 69, 163
nivosa, IV, 66, 71, 72
nunezii, IV, 68, 119, 120
obscura, IV, 66, 87
occidentalis, IV, 69, 160, 161
oliviae, IV, 68, 135
ortegae, IV, 66, 83, 84, 25
painteri, IV, 69, 151, a
palmeri, IV, 68, 140
parkinsonii, IV, 67, 96, 98
peninsularis, IV, 66, 85
perbella, IV, 67, 111
petrophila, IV, 66, 73
petterssonii, IV, 67, 93, 94
phaeacantha, IV, 68, 116
phymatothele, IV, 66, 75, 76,
77
plumosa, IV, 68, 121, 123
polyedra, IV, 67, 102, 103
polygona, IV, 67, ror
polythele, IV, 66, 86, 88
pottsii, IV, 68, 136, 137, 250
praelii, IV, 67, 96
pringlei, IV, 68, 115
prolifera, IV, 68, 124, 125,
166
pseudoperbella, IV, 67, 109
pygmaea, IV, 69, 142
pyrrhocephala, IV, 67, 99,
103
tekoi, IV, 68, 136, 141, 142
rhodantha, IV, 68, 120, 121
ruestii, IV, 67, 114, 115
tunyonii, IV, 66, 81
saffordii, IV, 69, 149, 151,
160
sartorii, IV, 66, 82, 83
scheidweileriana, IV, 69, 148
schiedeana, IV, 68, 127, 128
schelhasei, IV, 69, 149
scrippsiana, IV, 66, 84, 85
seideliana, IV, 69, 144
seitziana, IV, 66, 82, 83
sempervivi, IV, 66, 86
sheldonii, IV, 69, 156, 157
slevinii, IV, 68, 139
solisii, IV, 68, 142, 143
sphacelata, IV, 68, 138
spinosissima, IV, 68, 117
standleyi, IV, 67, 96, 97
312
Neomammillaria—continued-.
subpolyedra, IV, 67, 105, 106
swinglei, IV 69, 158
tacubayensis, IV, 69 164
tenampensis, IV, 67, 101, 104
tetracantha, IV, 67, 106, 108
trichacantha, IV, 69, 151
umbrina, IV, 69, 164
uncinata, IV, 68, 140
vetula, IV, 68, 130, 131
verhaertiana, IV, 69, 164
villifera, IV, 67, 102
viridiflora, IV, 69, 153
wilcoxei, IV, 69, 153
wildii, IV, 69, 141, 143
woburnensis, IV, 67, 96, 100
wrightii, IV, 69, 152, 153
xanthina, IV, 69, 164
yucatanensis, IV, 67, 114
zephyranthoides, IV, 69, 159.
164
zuccariniana, IV, 66, 89, 90
Neoporteria, III, 59. 77, 94-
100; IV, 122
chilensis, III, 94, 97, 99
fusca, III, 94, 96, 99
jussieui, III, 94, 96, 97
nidus, III, 94, 95
nigricans, III, 94, 95, 96
occulta, III, 94, 95
subgibbosa, III, 94, 97,
Neoraimondia, II, 3, 181— ze
IV, 281
macrostibas, II, 181, 182
Night-blooming cereus, IT, 113,
187, 188
Noble leuchtenbergia, III, 108
Nocturna, IV, 186 ,
Nopal, 1, 34
Nopal cardon, I, 184
Nopal de Castilla, I, 22
silvestre, IV, 263
Nopalea, I, oe ee 33-39, 43,
155, 216; IV, 253
Beoeeos W. 253
ee I, 34, 37, 38; 39; LV,
Coceine IV, 2
cochenillifera, I
253
dejecta, I, 34. 36, 37; IV,
gaumeri, I, 34, 37, 216
guatemalensis, I, 33, 34, 35
inaperta, I, 33, 34. 37, 38
karwinskiana, I, 34, 37, 38,
53
, 34, 181; IV,
39
lutea, I, 33, 34, 35
moniliformis, I, 33, 206
Nopaleta, I, 26
Nopalnochetzli, I, 35
Nopalxochia, IV, 177, 204-205
phyllanthoides, IV, 205
Notocactus, III, 94, 187
Nyctocereus, II, 1, 2, 108,117—
120, 121
guatemalensis, II, 117, 118.
11g, 120; IV, 276
hirschtianus, II, 118, 119
neumannii, II, 118, 119
oaxacensis, II, 118, 120
serpentinus, II, 20, 118; IV,
276
Obtusae, II, 4
Ohulago, I, 103
Olago, I, 103
Old man cactus, II, 27
Oleosi, III, 23
Opuntia, I, 8, 14, 24,
Oligogoni, II. 3,
Olneya tesota, iv,
275
Ophiorhipsalis, IV, 208
25, 30, 32,
33, 34, 38, 39, 40, 42-215,
217-225; Il, 3, 92, 118,
156, 164; IV, 42, 186, 209,
214, 217, 220, 249, 250,
252, 253, 260, 264, 266
abjecta, IV, 257
THE CACTACEAE.
Opuntia—continued.
acanthocarpa, I, 56, 57; IV,
254
aciculata, I, 160, 165
acracantha, I, 91
aequatorialis, I, 110, 116,
219, 220
affinis, I, 169, 170
airampo. I, 161
albicans, I, 191; IV, 264
albicans laevior, I, 191
albiflora, I, 73, 74
albisetosa, I, 134
alcahes, I, 58, 67, 69, 70
alexanderi, IV, 256
alfagayucca, I, 185
alfayucca, I, 185
allairei, I, 126
alpicola, I, 214
alpina, I, 33
alta, I, 165, 166
amarilla, IV, 264
americana, I, 214
ammophila, I, 211; IV, 265
amyclaea, I, 112, 177, 181,
185
amyclaea ficus-indica, I, 177
anacantha, I, 107, 109, 110
anahuacensis, I, 169
andicola, I, 89, 90; IV. 255
andicola elongata, I, 89
andiccla fulvispina, I, 89
andicola major, I, 89
andicola minor, I, 90
angusta, I, 1o1
angustata, I, 124, 129, 149
142, 149
angustata comonduensis, I,
124
antillana, I, 110, I15, 163;
IV, 259
aoracantha, I, 90, 91; IV,
255
aquosa, I, 2
arborea, I, 209
arborescens, I, 43, 63, 64,
65; IV, 25
arborescens
254
arborescens versicolor, I, 62
arbuscula, I, 47, 50, 51
arechavaletai, I, 156, 158;
IV, 262
arenaria, I, 193, 194, 195;
IV, 264
argentina, I, 209, 211, 212
arizonica, I, 147, 148
arkansana, I, 128
articulata, I, 89
assumptionis, I, 159
atacamensis, I, 90, 94
atrispina, I, 140, 142
atropes, I, 169, I70
attulica, I, 214
auberi, I, 37; IV, 253
aulacothee, I, 95
aurantiaca, I, 101, 107
aurantiaca extensa, I, 107
australis, I, 87, 88
austrina, I, 45, 126, 130; IV.
265
ayrampo, IV, 261
azurea, I, 140, 143
bahamama, I, 202, 203, 204
bahaiensis, I, 209, 210, 211
balearica, I, 161
ballii, I, 137
barbata, I, 214
barbata gracillima, I, 214
bartramii, I, 181; IV, 265
basilaris, i, 118, II9g, 120,
136; IV, 259
basilaris albiflora, I, 120;
IV, 25
basilaris coerulea, I, 120
basilaris cordata, I, 120; IV,
259
spinosior, IV,
Opuntia—continued.
basilaris cristata, I, 120
basilaris minima, IV, 259
basilaris nana, I, 120
basilaris nevadensis, I, 120
basilaris pfersdorffii, I, 120
basilaris ramosa, I, 119, 120
basilaris treleasei, I, 119
beckeriana, I, 168; IV, 263
bella, I, 110, III, 112
bentonii, I, 161, 163
bergeriana, I, 149, 152, 169;
IV, 262
bernardina, I, 57, 81
bernardina cristata, I, 57
bernhardinii, I, 214
betancourt, I, 214
bicolor, I, 214; II, 106
bigelovii, I, 58, 59; IV. 254
blakeana, I, 144, 145
boldinghii, I, 149, 155; IV,
262
boliviana, I, 71, 97, 98; IV,
256
bonaerensis, I, 156, 158; IV,
262
bonplandii, I, 160, 168, 223,
22
borinquensis, I, 102, 103, 104
brachyarthra, I, 193, 194;
IV, 264
brachyclada, I, 120
brachydelphis, I, 42; IV, 253
bradtiana, I, 215
brandegeei, I, 25, 28
brasiliensis, I, 209, 210, 211;
IV, 265
brasiliensis gracilior, IV, 265
brasiliensis minor, I, 210;
IV, 265
brasiliensis schomburgkii, I,
210
brasiliensis spinosior, I, 210
brasiliensis tenuifolia, I, 210
brasiliensis tenuior, I, 210
brunnescens, I, 149, 150
bulbispina, I, 79, 83; IV, 255
bulbosa, I, 131
burrageana, I, 67, 70
cacanapa, I, 165, 166; IV,
263
caerulescens, I, 51
caesia, I, 144
caespitosa, I, 127
calacantha, I, 214
calacantha rubra, I, 214
calantha, I, 136
californica, I, 58; IV, 253
calmalliana, I, 60, 61
calva, I, 89
camanchica, I, 144, 145;
IV, 262
camanchica albispina, I, 144
camanchica luteo-staminea,
I, 144
camanchica orbicularis, I,
144
camanchica rubra, I, 144
camanchica salmonea, I, 144
campestris, I, 90, 99
camuessa, I, 191
canada, I, 160, 167, 168
candelabriformis, I, 182
candelabriformis rigidior, I,
182
canina, I, 107, 108
cantabrigiensis, I, 121, 160,
167; IV, 263
canterai, I, 159
caracassana, I, 110, 116, 219
cardenche, I, 64
cardiosperma, I, 156, 157, 158
cardona, I, 184
caribaea, I, 47, 48, 49; IV,
253
carolina, I, 214
carrizalensis, I, 79
Opuntia—continued.
castillae, I, 185, 186
catacantha, I, 43, 208; IV,
264
cathocantha, IV, 264
cereiformis, I, 79, 215
cervicornis, I, 194
chaetocarpa, I, 182
chaffeyi, I, 30, 212, 213
chakensis, I, 158; IV, 262
chapistle, I, 27
chata, IV, 264
chavena, I, 184
chella, IV, 254
chihuahuensis, I, 144, 145
chlorotica, I, 142, 159, 160,
161; IV, 262
chlorotica santa-rita, I, 142
cholla, I, 60, 61, 62; IV, 254
ysacantha, I, 167
ciliosa, I, 214
ciribe, I, 58, 59, 60
clavarioides, I, 72, 73; IV,
254
.clavarioides cristata, I, 73;
Veo)
clavarioides fasciata, I, 73
clavarioides fastigiata, I, 73
clavarioides monstruosa, I,
73
clavata, I, 79, 81,
275, ul,
106, 1073 ave 255
clavellina, I ; 54; IV, 2
coccifera, L A
coccinea, I, 114
cochenillifera, I, 33, 34, 35
cochinelifera, I, 34
cochinera, I, 192
coerulea, I, 134
coindettii, I, 184
columbiana, I, 193
comonduensis, I, 118, 124
compressa, IV, 259
confusa, I, 147
congesta, I, 50
consoleana, I, 214
consolei, I, 214
convexa, I, 165
cordobensis, I, 181, 189
cornigata, I, 95
corotilla, I, 96
corrugata, I, 90, 95; III, 179;
IV, 2
corrugata monvillei, I, 95
costigera, I, 65
covillei, I, 140, 145, 146
crassa, I, 178, 179; LV, 262
crassa major, I, 178
cretochaeta, I, 183
crinifera, I, 159, 176; 1V, 2
crinifera lanigera, I, 176
cristata, I, 64
cristata tenuior, I, 64
cruciata, I, 207
erystalenia, I, 193
cubensis, I, 163
cucumiformis, I, 97
cuija, I, 149, 167
cumingii, I, 77
curassavica, I, 102, 103, 112;
IV, 257
curassavica elongata, I, 102
curassavica longa, I, 102
curassavica major, I, 102
curassavica media, I, 102
curassavica minima, I, 102
curassavica minor, I, 102
curassavica taylori, I, 103
curvospina, I, 160
cyanea, IV, 264
cyanella, I, 165, 166
cyclodes, I, 147, 148
cycloidea, I, 128
cylindrica, I, 71, 75, 77; IV,
254
cylindrica cristata, I, 78; IV,
254
INDEX. 313
Opuntia—continued.
involuta, I, 87
Opuntia—continued. Opuntia—continued. Opuntia—continued.
emoryi, I, 80; IV, 255
cylindrica cristata minor, I,
78
cylindrica monstruosa, I, 78
cylindrica robustior, I, 78
cymochila, I, 131, 132
cymochila montana, IV, 260
dactylifera, II, 97, 98
darrahiana, II, 102, 106
darwinii, I, 88, 90, 93, 94, 973
IV, 256
davisii, I, 52, 54, 55
deamii, I, 181, 187
decipiens, I, 63, 65; IV, 254
decipiens major, I, 64
decipiens minor, I, 65
decumana, I, 157, 180, 181,
186
decumbens, I, 111, 116, 117,
121, 218; IV, 259
decumbens irrorata, I, 117
decumbens longispina, I, 117
deflexa, I, 157
dejecta, I, 37
delaetiana, I, 149, 152
delicata, I, 126, 132, 133
deltica, I, 165
demissa, I, 146, 147
demorenia, I, 214
demoriana, I, 214
depauperata, I, 100, 1o1, 216,
217, 219
deppei, I, 214
depressa, I, 111, 117, 118 |
deserta, I, 57, 58
diademata, I, 89, 90; IV, 255
diademata calva, I, 89
diademata inermis, I, 89
diademata oligacantha, I, 89
diademata polyacantha, I,
89
dichotoma, I, 214
diffusa, I, 37
digitalis, I, 72
diguetii, I, 26, 2
dillei, I, 147, 148
dillenii, I, 106, 114, 115, 116,
159, 162, 163, 181, 222,
223; IV, 262, 263
dillenii minor, I, 163
dillenii orbiculata, I, 163
dimorpha, I, 96
diplacantha, I, 184
discata, I, 140, 149; IV, 262
discolor, I, 107, 109, 218, 219
distans, I, 149, 155
diversispina, IV, 262
dobbieana, I, 181, 187, 224,
225
dolabriformis, I, 207
domingensis, IV, 259
dorfhii, IV, 259
drummondii, I, 102, 104,
106; IV, 257
dulcis, I, 165, 166
durangensis, I, 169
eborina, I, 214
eburnea, I, 95
eburnispina, IV, 260
echinocarpa, I, 56, 57, 81;
IV, 254
echinocarpa major, I, 57
echinocarpa nuda, I, 57, 58
echinocarpa parkeri, I, 57,
echinocarpa robustior, I, 57
effulgia, IV, 264
eichlamii, I, 181, 187, 188
elata, I, 110, 156, 157
elata delaetiana, I, 152
elatior, I, 149, 153, 219; IV,
262
elatior deflexa, I, 157
ellemeetiana, I, 75
ellisiana, I, 165; IV, 263
elongata, I, 179, 181
elongata laevior, I, 180
engelmannii, I, 140, 147, 148,
149, 164, 165, 167; IV, 262
engelmannii cristata, IV, 262
engelmannii cuija, I, 167
engelmannii cyclodes, I, 147,
148
engelmannii discata, IV, 262
engelmannii dulcis, I, 165
engelmannii littoralis, I, 165
engelmannii monstruosa, I,
148
engelmannii occidentalis, I,
146
eocarpa, I, 144
erecta, I, 214
erinacea, I, 193, 195, 196;
IV, 264
erythrocentron, I, 174
exaltata, I, 71, 75, 76, 77
expansa, I, 147, 148
extensa, I, 107
exuviata, I, 63, 65; IV, 254
exuviata angustior, I, 63
exuviata major, I, 64
exuviata spinosior, I, 63
exuviata stellata, I, 63
exuviata viridior, I, 63
ferox, I, 206, 207
ferruginispina, I, 165
festiva, I, 214
ficus-barbica, I, 177
ficus-indica, I, 43, 156, 157,
177, 178, 181, 185, 189,
191; IV, 263
ficus-indica albispina, I, 214
ficus-indica amyclaea, I, 185
ficus-indica decumana, I, 180
ficus-indica gymnocarpa, I,
180
filipendula, I, 137, 138; IV,
262
flavicans, I, 191
flavispina, I, 214
flexibilis, I, 114
flexospina, I, 165
floccosa, I, 71, 86, 87; III, 102
floccosa denudata, I, 86, 87
floribunda, I, 74
foliosa, I, 105, 106
folio minori, I, 129
formidabilis, I, 91, 92
fragilis, I, 193, 194; IV, 264
fragilis brachyarthra, I, 193;
IV, 264
fragilis caespitosa, I, 193
fragilis tuberiformis, I, 193
fragilis frutescens, I, 47
frustulenta, I, 104, 105
frutescens, I, 47, 48
frutescens brevispina, I, 47,
4
frutescens longispina, I, 47,
48
fulgida, I, 67; IV, 254
fulgida mamillata, I, 67
fuliginosa, I, 149, 155
fulvispina, I, 174
fulvispina badia, I, 175
fulvispina laevior, I, 175
furiosa, I, 66
fuscoatra, I, 126, 133
fusicaulis, I, 191, 192
fusiformis, I, 130, 131
galapageia, I, 45, 149, 150,
151, 152
galeottii, I, 65
geissei, I, 78
gilliesii, I, 91
gilva, I, 163
gilvescens, I, 149
gilvoalba, I, 165, 166
glaberrima, I, 178
glauca, I, 178
glaucescens, I, 200, 201
glaucophylla, I, 214
glaucophylla laevior, I, 214
glomerata, I, 87, 89, 90, 94,
96; II, 138; IV, 255
glomerata albispina, I, 90
glomerata flavispina, I, 90
glomerata minor, I, 90
golziana, I, 26
gomei, I, 165, 166
gorda, I, 191, 192
gosseliniana, I, 140, 141, 151
gracilior, IV, 262
gracilis, I, 47
gracilis subpatens, I, 48
grahamii, I, 79, 83, 84
grandiflora, I, 126, 127, 129
grandis, I, 200, 201; IV, 264
grata, I, 92, 94, 95
grata leoniana, IV, 256
greggii, IV, 255
greenei, I, 131
gregoriana, I, 147, 148
griffithsiana, I, 165
grosseiana, I, 107, 110
guanicana, I, 208
guatemalensis, I, 110, 113,
218, 219
guerrana, I, 191, 192
guilanchi, I, 173, 174
gymnocarpa, I, 180
haematocarpa, I, 166
haenquiana, IV, 261
haitiensis, I, 206
hanburyana, I, 149, 153, 154
hattoniana, I, 103
helleri, I, 150, 152
hempeliana, I, 86, 87; III,
101
hernandezii, I, 181; IV, 263
heteromorpha, I, 79
hevernickii, I, 214
hickenii, I, 90, 92, 93; IV,
255
hieronymi, I, 211
hispanica, IV, 264
hitchenii, I, 214
hochderfferi, I, 198
horizontalis, I, 37, 90
horrida, I, 162; IV, 263
humifusa, I, 127, 128, 132;
IV, 259
humifusa eymochila, I, 128
humifusa greenei, I, 128
humifusa macrorhiza, I, 128
humifusa microsperma, I,
127
humifusa oplocarpa, I, 128
humifusa parva, I, 127
humifusa stenochila, I, 128
humifusa vaseyi, I, 146
humilis, I, 113, 114; IV, 259
humistrata, I, 120
hypsophila, I, 71, 72
hyptiacantha, I, 176, 181,
183, 184
hystricina, I, 193, 197
hystrix, I, 65, 66
icterica, I, 173
ignescens, I, 90, 98
ignota, I, 90, 99
imbricata, I, 48, 55, 60, 63,
64, 65, 66; IV, 254
imbricata crassior, I, 63
imbricata ramosior, I, 64
imbricata tenuior, I, 64
impedata, IV, 257
inaequalis, I, 128
inaequilateralis, I, 181, 187,
188, 189
inamoena, I, 121, 125
inearnadilla, I, 185, 186
inermis, I, 161, 162, 163
insularis, I, 150, 152
intermedia, I, 127, 128
intermedia prostrata, I, 128
intricata, I, 119
invicta, I, 79
irrorata, I, 116, 117
italica, I, 214; IV, 266
ithypetala, I, 190
jamaicensis, I, 110, 113
joconostle, I, 214
juniperina, I, 193, 197
jussieuii, I, 214
karwinskiana, I, 38
keyensis, I, 159, 162, 163,
222, 22
kiska-loro, I, 107, 108
kleiniae, I, 47, 51, 64, 65
kleiniae cristata, I, 51
kleiniae laetevirens, I, 51
kunzei, I, 80; IV, 255
labouretiana, I, 180, 189;
IV, 263
labouretiana macrocarpa, I,
181
laevis, I, 159, 161, 168; IV,
262
lagopus, I, 86, 87, 88
lanceolata, I, 177, 179, 203
lanigera, I, 176; IV, 263
larreyi, I, ror
lasiacantha, I, 181, 182, 183,
184.
lata, I, 126, 220
laxiflora, I, 165
ledienii, I, 153
lemaireana, I, 156
leonina, I, 96; IV, 256
leptarthra, I, ror
leptocarpa, I, 166, 167
leptocaulis, I, 47, 48, 49, 73,
213; III, 183; IV, 253
leptocaulis brevispina, I, 47
leptocaulis laetevirens, I, 48
leptocaulis longispina, I, 47
leptocaulis major, I, 48
leptocaulis stipata, I, 47; IV,
253
leptocaulis vaginata, I, 47
leucacantha, I, 174, 175; IV,
253, 263
leucacantha laevior, I, 175
leucacantha subferox, I, 175
leucantha, I, 175
leucophaea, I, 96
leucostata, I, 214
leucosticta, I, 174
leucotricha, I, 151, 1'74, 175;
IV, 263
leucotricha fulvispina, I, 174
ligustica, I, 128
lindheimeri, I, 44, 148, 160,
164, 165, 166; IV, 263
lindheimeri cyclodes, I, 147
lindheimeri dulcis, I, 165
lindheimeri littoralis, I, 165
lindheimeri occidentalis, I,
146
linguiformis, I, 160, 163
littoralis, I, 147, 160, 164, 165
lloydii, I, 60, 63
longiclada, I, 161
longiglochia, I, 214
longispina, I, 95
lubrica, I, 118, 119
lucayana, I, 106, 163
lucens, I, 149
lucida, I, 214
lurida, I, 173; IV, 263
macateei, I, 126, 133, 220,
221
macbridei, IV, 261
macdougaliana, I, 169, 170,
171
mackensenii, I, 137, 138, 139
macracantha, I, 187, 202,
203, 204, 205
macrarthra, I, 126, 129
macrocalyx, I, 118, 122
macrocentra, I, 140, 141,
176; IV, 265
314 THE CACTACEAE.
Opuntia—continued. Opuntia—continued Opuntia—continued. Opuntia—continued.
macrophylla, I, 214
macrorhiza, I, 126, 127, 128,
I30, 131, 139, 166; IV,
260
maculacantha, I, 134; IV,
260
maelenii. I, 134
magenta, I, 142, 146
magna, I, 64
magnarenensis, I, 147
magnifolia, I, 34
maidenii, IV, 259
maihuen, I, 41
maldonadensis, I, 75
manmillata, I, 67, 68; IV, 254
maritima, I, 162; IV, 262
maxillare, I, 77
maxima, I, 177, 180, 181; IV,
263
media, I, 199, 200
mediterranea, I, 128
megacantha, I, 178, 181, 182,
185, 186; IV, 264
megacantha lasiacantha, I,
182
megacantha tenuispina, I,
184
megacantha trichacantha, I,
186
megacarpa, I, 145
megalantha, I, 169
megalarthra, I, 192
megarhiza, I, 137
mendocienses, I, 65
mesacantha, I, 127, 132; IV,
260
mesacantha cymochila, I, 131
mesacantha grandiflora, I,
129
mesacantha greenei,I, 131
mesacantha macrorhiza, I,
130
mesacantha microsperma, I,
127
mesacantha oplocarpa, I,
131, 144
mesacantha parva, I, 127,
128
mesacantha sphaerocarpa, I,
144
mesacantha stenochila, I,
132
mesacantha vaseyi, I, 146
metternichii, I, 176
mexicana, I, 34
micrarthra, Wp gpe
microcarpa, I, 144, 206
microdasys, I, 118, eon 121,
122, 123, 136; IV,
microdasys laevior, re as
microdasys minor, I, 120
microdasys monstrosa, IV,
2
microdasys rufida, I, 122
microdisea, I, 133, 135, 136
microthele, I, 73
mieckleyi, I, 156, 158
militaris, I, 102, 104, 163
millspaughii, I, 202, 204, 206
minima americana, I, 102
minor, I, 139
minor caulescens, I, 102
miquelii, I, 78
missouriensis, I, 199, 200;
IV, 264
missouriensis albispina, I,
199, 200
missouriensis elongata, I, 214
missouriensis erythrostemma
I, 214
missouriensis microsperma,
I, 199, 200
missouriensis platycarpa, I,
199, 200
missouriensis rufispina, I,
199, 200
missouriensis salmonea, I,
214
missouriensis subinermis, I,
peek eee aie ate
missouriensis trichophora, I,
195
missouriensis watsonii, IV,
264
modesta, I, 67
mojavensis, I, 140, 145
molesta, I, 54, 60, 62, 66,67
monacantha, I, 127, 156, 1573
IV, 262
monacantha deflexa, I, 156
monacantha gracilior, I, 156,
157; LV, 262
monacantha variegata, I,
157; IV, 262
moniliformis, I, 33, 202, 206,
207, 208; IV, 264
montana, I, 214
montevidensis, I, 107, 109
monticola, I, 95
morenoi, I, 214
morisii, I, 128
mortolensis, I, 47
multiflora, I, 113, 114
myriacantha, I, 150, 152, 214
nana, I, 127, 217
napolea, IV, 265
nashii, I, 106, 163, 202, 203;
IV, 264
nelsonii,-I, 172
nemoralis, I, 102, 104
neoarbuscula, I, 50
nigricans, I, 152. 153
nigrispina, I, 90, 97
nigrita, I, 183, 184
nopalilla, I, 38
oblongata, I, 173
obovata, IV, 264
occidentalis, I, 140, 146, 147,
153, 163, 165
ochrocentra, IV, 262
oligacantha, I, 89, 182
oplocarpa, I, 132; IV, 260
opuntia, I, 43, 126, 127, 128,
217; IV, 259
orbiculata, I, 176; IV, 263
orbiculata metternichii, I,
176
ottonis, I, 214, 215; III, 195
ovallei, I, 95, 214
ovata, I, 90, 95, 96; IV, 256
ovata leonina, IV, 256
ovoides, I, 95
pachona, I, 184
pachyarthra flava, I, 214
pachyclada rosea, I, 214
pachyclada spaethiana, I,
214
pachypus, I, 75, 77
pallida, I, 60, 65, 66
palmadora, I, 202
palmeri, I, 161
pampeana, I, 134
papyracantha, I, 89, 90; IV,
255
paraguayensis, I, 158
parishii, I, 57, 79, 81, 82
parkeri, I, 58
parmentieri, I, 95
parote, I, 214
parryi, I, 56, 57, 58, 81; IV,
254
parva, I, 161
parvispina, I, 117
parvula, I, 178
pascoensis, I, 100, Ior
patagonica, I, 41
pelaguensis, I, 90
penicilligera, I, 135; IV, 261
pennellii, I, 110, 115, 219
pentlandii, I, 71, 72, 77, 90,
97, 98; IV, 256
perrita, I, 65, 66
pes-corvi, I, 104
pestifer, I, 102, 103, 217,
218, 220; II, 19
phaeacantha, I, 139, 140,
142, 144; IV, 262
phaeacantha brunnea, I, 144
phaeacantha major, I, 144;
IV, 262
phaeacantha nigricans, I,
144
philippii, I, 41
phyllacantha, I, 96
phyllanthus, I, 215; IV, 187
picardae, IV, 264
piccolomini, I, 214
piccolominiana, I, 191
pilifera, I, 176, 177, 184
pintadera, I, 176
pisciformis, IV, 258
pititache, I, 29
pittieri, I, 181, 188, 189
platyacantha, I, 33, 89;
IV, 255
platyacantha deflexispina, I,
89, 90
platyacantha gracilior, I, 89
platyacantha monvillei, I, 89
platyclada, I, 214
platynoda, I, 109
plumbea, I, 126, 131
plumosa nivea, I, 89, 90
poeppigit, I, 40, 41
pollardii, I, 126, 221
polyacantha, I, 193, 195, 196,
197, 199, 200; IV, 264
polyacantha albispina, I, 199
polyacantha borealis, I, 199
polyacantha microsperma, I,
200
polyacantha platycarpa, I,
199
polyacantha rufispina, I, 200
polyacantha trichophora, I,
195
polyacantha watsonii, I, 199
polyantha, I, 113, 114, 115;
IV, 259
polymorpha, I, 89; II, 138
porteri, I, 28
pottsii, I, 137, 138; IV, 262
praecox, I, 214
prate, I, 191
procumbens, I, 160, 167
prolifera, I, 61, 67, 69, 70;
IV, 254
prostrata, I, 128
prostrata spinosior, I, 214;
IV, 263
protracta, I,
protracta Sloagata: i,
pruinosa, I, 191
pseudococcinellifer, I, 153
pseudotuna, I, 184, 214; III,
238
peecdotnna elongata, ezine:
pseudotuna spinosior, I, 214
puberula, I, 116, 117, 121,
122; IV, 259
pubescens, I, et IOI, 173;
IV, 257, 25
pulchella, I, a 82; IV, 255
pulverata, I, 214
pulverulenta, I, 78
pulverulenta miquelii, I, 78
pulvinata, I, 120
pumila, I, 100, 101; IV, 256
purpurea, I, 97
pusilla, I, 102, 105, 106; IV,
255, 256
pycnacantha, IV, 259
pycnantha, I, 118, 123; IV,
259
pycnantha margaritana, I,
123
pyriformis, I, 160, 168
pyrocarpa, I, 166
pytrhacantha, I, 97
quimilo, I, 181, 190, 191
quipa, I, 125
quitensis, I, 149, 154, 224
rafinesquei, I, 127, 128, 129;
» 259, 260
rafinesquei arkansana, I, 127,
129; IV, 259
rafinesquei cymochila, I, 131
rafinesquei cymochila mon-
tana, I, 131
tafinesquei fusiformis, I, 130
rafinesquei grandiflora, I, 129
rafinesquei greenei, I, 132
rafinesquei macrorhiza, I, 131
rafinesquei microsperma, I,
127, 199
rafinesquei minor, I, 127, 128
rafinesquei parva, I, 128
rafinesquei stenochila, ens?
rafinesquei vaseyi, I, 146
rafinesquiana, I, 127, 129;
IV, 259
rafinesquiana arkansana, [,
129; IV, 2
rahmeri, I, 94
ramosissima, I, 46, 48, 52;
IV, 253
ramosissima cristata, IV, 253
ramosissima denudata, IV,
253
ramulifera, I, 47
rastera, I, 140, 149
rauppiana, I, 90, 92
recedens, I, 128
tecondita, I, 52, 53
recurvospina, I, 144
teflexa, I, 165
repens, I, 102, 103, 104, 115,
116
teptans, I, 214
reticulata, IV, 264
retrorsa, I, 107, 109, 218
retrospinosa, I, 95
rhodantha, I, 193, 197, 198;
IV, 264
rhodantha brevispina, I, 198
rhodantha flavispina, I, 198
thodantha pisciformis, I, 198
rhodantha schumanniana, I,
198
riparia, I, 149
robusta, I, 182, IgI, 192;
IV, 264
robusta viridior, I, 191
rosea, I, 17, 63, 65, 78; IV,
254
roseana, I, 130
tosiflora, I, 78
rotundifolia, I, 27; IV, 251
roxburghiana, I, 156
Tubescens, I, 163, 202, 208,
209; IV, 264
tubiflora, I, 133, 146
rubrifolia, I, 144
tufescens, I, 175
tufida, I, 118, 119, 122
rugosa, I, 145
tussellii, I, 90, 94
ruthei, I, 64
tutila, I, 196; IV, 264
sabinii, I, 194
sacharosa, I, 14
salicornioides, I, 215; IV, 217
salmiana, I, 73, 74; IV, 254
salmii, I, 214
sanguinocula, I, 131
santa-rita, I, 140, 142
scheeri, I, 159, 176; IV, 262
schickendantzii, I, 74, 107
schomburgkii, I, 214
schottii, I, 79, 80, 81; IV, 255
schottii greggii, I, 80; IV, 255
schumannii, I, 90, 149, 155
schweriniana, I, 199, 200;
IV, 264
Opuntia—continued.
segethii, I, 75, 76, 79
seguina, I, 130
semispinosa, I, 147
senilis, I, 86, 159, 176
sericea, I, 134
sericea coerulea, I, 134
sericea longispina, I, 134
sericea maelenii, I, 134
Serpening T, 56, 57, 58, 69,
; Il, 224
Geese I, 45, 137, 138
shaferi, I, 71, 72
shreveana, I, 142
sinclairii, I, 165, 166
skottsbergii, I, 90, 96, 97
soederstromiana, I, 149, 154,
221
soehrensii,
IV, 261
spathulata, I, 28, 29
spathulata aquosa, I, 30
speciosa, I, 214; i 205
spegazzinii, I, 73, 7
sphaerica, I, 90, nes IV, 256
sphaerocarpa, I, 193, 198,
199 5
sphaerocarpa utahensis, I,
I, 133, 134, 135;
199
spinalba, I, 130
spinaurea, I, 214
spiniflora, I, 215; II, 106
spinosior, I, 52, 67, 68; IV,
254
spinosior neomexicana, I, 68
spinosissima, I, 103, 175,
202, 204, 205; IV, 264
spinotecta, I, 64
spinulifera, I, 178, 181, 182
spinuliflora, I, 214
spinulosa, I, 214
spirocentra, IV, 265
splendens, I, 199
squarresa, I, 165
stanlyi, I, 79, 80; IV, 255
stapelia, I, 66
stapeliae, I, 65, 66; IV, 254
stellata, I, 64
stenarthra, I, 158
stenochila, I, 126, 132
stenopetala, I, 200, 201
stipata, IV, 253
straminea, I, 214
SEs eee ales
185; 1V, 2
stricta, I, Bes 161, 178, 223
stricta spinulescens, I, 214
strigil, I, 136
subarmata, I, 165, 166; IV,
181, 184,
263
subferox, I, 175
subinermis, I, 214
subterranea, I, 90, 92
subulata, I, 71, 75, 76, 77,
79; III, 179; IV, 2
sulphurea, I, 133, 134, 150;
IV, 260
sulphurea laevior, I, 134
sulphurea major, I, 134
sulphurea minor, I, 134
sulphurea pallidior, I, 134
superbospina, I, 144
syringacantha, I, 89
tapona, I, 124, 160, 164
tarapacana, I, 90, 94
tardospina, I, 140, 141
taylori, I, 102, 103
tenajo, I, 49
tenuispina, I, 137, 139
teres, I, 71
tesajo, I, 47, 48, 49
tessellata, I, 46
tessellata cristata, I, 46; IV,
253
tessellata denudata, IV, 253
testudinis-crus, I, 206
tetracantha, I, 52, 53, 54
INDEX.
Opuntia—continued.
texana, I, 165, 166
thurberi, I, 52, 53, 54
tidballii, I, 160
todari, IV, 265
tomentella, I, 173, 174
tomentosa, I, 173, 174; IV,
263
tortisperma, I, 131, 132
tortispina, I, 126, 128,
194; IV, 260
toumeyi, I, 144; LV, a.
tracyi, I, 102, 105; IV, 2
treleasei, I, 118, 119
treleasei kernii, I, 119
triacantha, I, 110, 112, 113,
115, 204
eibarpides, I, 186
tricolor, I, 165, 166
trichophora, I, 193, 195
tuberculata, I, 214
tuberiformis, I, 92
tuberosa, I, 32, 33
tuberosa albispina, IV, 252
tuberosa spinosa, I, 89
tuna, I, r1o, 113, 114, 116
149, 157, 163; IV, 259,
262, 263
tuna humilior, IV, 259
tuna humilis, I, 114
tuna laevior, I, 114
tuna orbiculata, I, 114
tunicata, I, 60, 65, 66, 83,
121; IV, 254, 266
tunicata laevior, I, 66
tunoidea, I, 116, 162
tunoides, I, 116
turgida, IV, 265
turpinii, I, 89
turpinii polymorpha, I, 89
tweediei, I, 134
umbrella, I, 156
undosa, I, 177, 179
undulata, I, 65, 177, 179
ursina, I, 174, 195, 196, 197;
IV, 264
ursus horribilis, IV, 264
urumbella, I, 157 ‘
utahensis, I, 198
utkilio, I, 107, 109, 110
vaginata, I, 47, 48; IV, 253
valida, I, 147
vaseyi, I, 140, 142, 145, 146
velutina, I, 169, 172
verschaffeltii, I, 44, 71, 72
verschaffeltii digitalis, I,71,72
versicolor, I, 44, 52, 54, 60,
62; IV, 254
vestita, I, 71, 72,
vexans, I, 64, 65
vilis, I, 79, 82, 83
violacea, I, 144
virgata, I, 47
viridiflora, I, 52, 55
vivipara, I, 52
vulgaris, I, 127, 128, 156,
157, 163, 177; LV, 259, 262
vulgaris balearica, I, 161
vulgaris major, I, 127
vulgaris media, I, 127
vulgaris minor, I, 127
vulgaris nana, I, 127, 129
vulgaris rafinesquei, I, 127
vulgo, I, 157
vulpina, I, 134
wagneri, I, 74
weberi, I, 84, 85
wentiana, I, 110, 116
wetmorei, IV, 255
whipplei, 1, son 43, 52, 55,
68; IV,
whipplei teerton, T, 55
whipplei spinosior, I, 68
wilcoxii, I, 169, 172
winteriana, I, 166
wootonii, I, 147, 148
wrightii, I, 51
131,
87; IV, 254
Opuntia—con tinued.
xanthoglochia, I, 130, 131
xanthostemma, I, 198; IV,
264
xanthostemma elegans, I,
198
xanthostemma fulgens, I,
198
xanthostemma _ gracilis, I,
198
xanthostemma orbicularis, I,
198
xanthostemma rosea, I, 198
xerocarpa, I, 198
youngii, I, 130
zebrina, I, 149, 155, 222
zacuapanensis, I, 183
zuniensis, I, 144
Opuntiacei, I, 217
Opuntiae, IV, 252
' Opuntieae, I, 8, 24; IV, 252
Orbiculatae, I, 45, 176
Orchids, II, 42
Oreocereus, II, 2, 60, 108,
171-173; II, 77; LV, 274
celsianus, II, 171, 172, 173,
226; IV, 279
celsianus bruennowii, II, 171
lanatus, II, 61
Organito de vibora, II, 111
. Organo, II, 48, 74; IV, 273
Oroya, III, 77, 102
peruviana, III, 102
Pachycereus, II, 2, 28, 68-76,
96
ee II, 69; IV, 271
chrysomallus, II, 69, 72, 73,
74; IV, 271
columna-trajani, II, 69, 76
gaumeri, II, 69, 71; IV, 271
grandis, II, 69, 72
lepidanthus, II, 69, 76; IV,
272
marginatus, II, 69, 74, 75,
92, 102; IV, 271 -
orcuttii, II, 69, 70
pecten-aboriginum, II, 69,
70, 71, 72, 76; LV, 271
pringlei, II, 69, 70; IV, 270,
271
queretaroensis, II, 96
tuficeps, II, 69, 75
titan, II, 69; IV, 271
Palmadora, I, 202
Palmadorae, I, 45, 201
Palmatoria, I, 202
Paradoxae, IV, 221
Pasacana, II, 133
Passiflora, II, 92
Pataquisca, I, 76
Pediocactus, III, 77, 90, 91, 109
simpsonii, III, 88, 90, 92;
IV, 168, 286
Peirescia, I, 9
Peireskia, I, 9
Pelecyphora, IV, 3, 59, 60, 64
aselliformis, IV, 58, 59
aselliformis concolor, IV, 59
aselliformis cristata, IV, 64
aselliformis grandiflora, IV,
59
aselliformis pectinata, IV,
64, 65
aselliformis pectinifera IV,
64
fimbriata, IV, 59
micromerus, III, 93
pectinata, IV, 64, 65
pectinata cristata, IV, 65
pectinifera, IV
Pellote, III, 84, 107
Penca, IV, 260
Penca-chica, IV, 260
Peniccereus, II, 2, BE a
greggii, II, 112; IV,
johnstonii, IV, 275
ieee cills IV, 260
315
Pentapterae, IV, 221
Pentlandianae, I, 44, 90
Peote, IV, 59
Peotillo, IV, 59
Perescia, I, 9
Pereskia, I, 8-24, 25, 26, 40,
75; IV, 251, 252, 290
acardia, I, 10
aculeata, I, 10, 11, 14; IV,
251
aculeata lanceolata, I, 10
aculeata latifolia, I, 10
aculeata longispina, I, 10
aculeata rotunda, I, 10
aculeata rotundifolia, I, ro
aculeata rubescens, I, 10
affinis, I, 24
amapola, I, 14
amapola argentina, IV, 251
argentina, I, 14
autummnalis, I, 9, 11, 12; IV,
251
bahiensis, I, 9, 19, 20; IV,
bleo, I, 4, 9, 17, 18, 20; IV,
251
brasiliensis, I, ro
calandriniaefolia, I, 29, IV,
252
colombiana, I, 9, 17
conzattii, I, 9, 24
crassicaulis, I, 29
cruenta, I, 24
cubensis, I, 9, 22
foetens, I, 10
fragrans, I, 10
galeottiana, IV, 251
glomerata, I, 94
godseffiana, I, 10, 11; IV, 25x
grandiflora, I, 24
grandifolia, I, 9, 18, 19, 20,
21; IV, 251
grandispina, I, 24
guamacho, I, 9, 15, 16; IV,
251
guatemalensis, IV, 2
haageana, I, 24
horrida, I, 9, 21, IV, 251
humboldtii, IV, 251
lanceolata, I, 10
longispina, I, 10
longispina rotundifolia, IV,
251
ae tubescens, IV,
ipaamteblon, I, 9, 12, 13
moorei, I, 9, 15
nicoyana, I, 9, 13
ochnacarpa, I, 19
opuntiaeflora, I, 26, 27
panamensis, I, 17, 18
pereskia, I, 7, 9, 10; IV, 251
pflanzii, IV, 251
philippii, I, 41
pititache, I, 29
plantaginea, I, 24
poeppigii, I, 41; IV,
portulacifolia, I, 9, 22, oF 24
recurvifolia, IV, 251
rosea, I, 17
rotundifolia, I, 27; IV, 251
sacharosa, I, 9, 10, 14, 15;
V, 251
spathulata, I, 28, 29; IV, 2
subulata, I, 75, 76; IV, nae
254
tampicana, I, 9, 17
undulata, I, 10
verticillata, IV, 251
weberiana, I, 9, 15
zehntneri, I, 9, 13, 14; IV,
252
zinniaeflora, I, 9, 17, 20, 21;
IV, 251
patestiese. I, 8, 24; IV,
Pereskiopsis, I, 8, 14, oo se
25-30, 43; IV, 252
316
Pereskiopsis—continued.
aquosa, I, 25, 29,
autumnalis, I, 11, 12; 1V, 251
brandegeei, I, 28
chapistle, I, 25, 27; IV, 251
diguetii, I, 25, 26, 27
kellermanii, I, 25, 30
opuntiaeflora, I, 25, 26, 27
pititache, I, 25, 29; IV, 252
porteri, I, 25, 28; IV, 251
recurvifolia, IV, 251
rotundifolia, I, 25, 27, 28;
IV, 251
scandens, IV, 252
spathulata, I, 25, 28; IV, 251
velutina, I, 25, 26
Pereskiopuntia, I, 25
Pertinato, III, 232
Peruvianae, II, 4
Pest pear, I, 161, 163
Petaya, III, 17
Peyote, III, 84, 107, 184; 1V, 59
Peyotillo, IV, 59
Pfeiffera, [V, 208, 209, 210, 211
cereiformis, IV, 210, 211
janthothele, IV, 208, 210
thipsaloides, IV, 209
Phaeacanthae, I, 45, 136, 139,
141, 148
Siacillssareerey, IV, 3, 60, 65, 156
tetrancistra, IV, 60, 61
Phillanthos, IV, 205
Phyllanthus, IV, 186
Phyllarthus, IV, 186
Phyllocactus, II, 3, 221, 222;
IV, 185, 186, 198, 200
ackermannii, IV, 198
ackermannii hybridus,IV,200
ackermannii major, IV, 200
acuminatus, IV, 188, 189
acutifrons, IV, 200
agatha, IV, 200
alatus, IV, 200
alatus major, IV, 200
albus grandiflorus, IV, 199
albus grandissimus, IV, 200
albus perfectus, IV, 200
albus superbiens, IV, 200
albus superbissimus, IV, 200
albus superbus, IV, 199
alexandrinae, IV, 200
amabilis, IV, 200
amabilis perfectus, IV, 200
amarantinus, IV, 200
angularis, IV, 192
anguliger, IV, 191, 192
arnoldi, IV, 200 :
atrosanguineus, IV, 200
aurantiacus, IV, 200
aurantiacus superbus,I V, 200
belgicus, [V, 200
bergei, IV, 200
bergeri, IV, 200
biformis, IV, 202
billiardieri, IV, 200
binderi, IV, 200
bleindlii, TV, 200
blindlii, IV, 200
boehmii, IV, 200
boliviensis, IV, 200
bollwillerianus, IV, 200
bothii, IV, 200
bradei, IV, 204
brongnartii, IV, 200
buestii, IV, 200
burmeisteri, IV, 200
campannii, IV, 200
caparti, IV, 200
capelleanus, IV, 200
carolus magnus, IV, 200
cartagensis, IV, 197
cartagensis refractus, IV, 197
cartagensis robustus, IV, 197
castneri, IV, 200
caudatus, IV, 190
caulorrhizus, IV, 192
chiapensis, IV, 203, 204
THE CACTACEAE.
Phyllocactus—continued.
chico, IV, 200
coccineus, IV, 200
colmariensis, IV, 200
colombiensis, IV, 200
cooperi, IV, 199
costaricensis, IV, 193
courantii, IV, 200
crassuliefolius, IV, 200
crenato grandiflorus, IV, 199
crenatus, IV, 192, 193
crenatus amaranthinus, IV,
192
crenatus amarantinus, IV,
200
crenatus caulorhizus, IV, 200
crenatus elegans, IV, 192
crenatus erleri, IV, 192
crenatus haageanus, IV, 192
crenatus hirsutis, IV, 200
crenatus lateralis, IV, 200
crenatus lateritius, IV, 192
crenatus latifolius, IV, 200
crenatus luteus, IV, 200
crenatus roseus, IV, 192
crenatus ruber, IV, 200
crenatus splendens, IV, 192
crenatus superbus, IV, 192
crenatus vogelii, IV, 192
crispielsi, [V, 200
curtisii, IV, 200
dangeli, IV, 200
darrahii, IV, 190, 191
decumbens, IV, 200
delicatus, IV, 179
demouline, IV, 200
deveauxi, IV, 200
dieffenbacchianus, IV, 200
dolores, IV, 200
dumoulini, IV, 200
edwarsii, IV, 200
eichlamii, IV, 203
elegans, IV, 200
epirus, IV, 200
erebus, IV, 199
erectus perfectus, IV, 200
erectus superbus, IV, 200
ernesti, IV, 200
erubescens, IV, 200
fastuosus, IV, 200
feastii, IV, 200
felonis, IV, 200
feltoni, IV, 200
floribundus, IV, 200
formosus, IV, 200
franzii, IV, 200
fuertii, 1V, 200
funkii, IV, 200
gaertneri, IV, 183, 184
gaillardae, IV, 187
germanius, IV, 200
gloriosus, IV, 200
gordonianus, IV, 200
grandidissimus, IV, 200
grandiflorus, IV, 200
grandiflorus albiflorus, IV,
200
grandiflorus ruber, IV, 200
grandilobus, IV, 192
grandis, IV, 188, 189
guatemalensis, IV, 195
guebwillerianus, IV, 200
guedeneyi, IV, 200
guentneri, IV, 200
guyanensis, IV, 188
haagei, IV, 199
hamburgiensis, IV, 200
hansii, IV, 200
hauffii, IV, 200
havermansii, IV, 200
helenus, IV, 200
hempelii, IV, 200
hibridus, IV, 200
hibridus gordonianus, IV, 199
hibridus wrayi, IV, 199
hildmannii, IV, 199
hitchensis, IV, 200
Phyllocactus—continued.
hookeri, IV, 197
ignescens, IV, 200
incomparabilis miniatus, IV,
200
jenkinsonii, IV, 200
jenkinsonii superbus, IV, 200
johnsonii, IV, 200
jordanis, IV, 200
kampmannii, IV, 200
keithii, LV, 200
kermesimus magnus, IV, 200
kiardi, IV, 200
kranzii, IV, 200
krausei, IV, 200
laarsenii, IV, 200
laetingii, IV, 200
laloyi, IV, 200
latifrons, IV, 188, 189
laudowi, IV, 200
leopoldii, IV, 200
lepidocarpus, IV, 194
londonii, IV, 189
longipes, IV, 189
lorentzii, [V, 200
lorenzii, IV, 200
lothii, IV, 189
ludmani, IV, 200
ludwigi, IV, 200
lunus, IV, 200
macquianus, IV, 189
macrocarpus, IV, 193
macrolobus, IV, 192
macropterus, IV, 193
maelenii, IV, 189
magnificus, IV, 200
maigretii, IV, 200
makoyi, IV, 200
marginatus, IV, 197
marsus, IV, 199
maurantianus, IV, 189
mayanus, IV, 200
mexicanus, IV, 189, 200
meyerianus, IV, 200
muehlenpfordtii, IV, 200
muelhousianus, IV, 200
multiflorus, IV, 200
nelsonii, IV, 203
neubertii, IV, 200
niedtii, IV, 200
niger, IV, 200
nitens, IV, 200
nymphorea beata, IV, 200
oxypetalus, IV, 188, 189
paraguayensis, IV, 200
pentneri, IV, 200
pfersdorfhi, IV, 199
phyllanthoides, IV, 200, 205
phyllanthoides albiflorus, IV,
205
phyllanthoides striatus, IV,
phy lladehedes striatus mul-
tiflorus, IV, 205
phyllanthus, IV, 187, 188
phyllanthus boliviensis, IV,
187
phyllanthus columbiensis,
IV, 187
phyllanthus paraguayensis,
IV, 187
phyllantoides, IV, 200
phyllantoides crenatus, IV,
200
pittieri, IV, 194
potstachianus, IV, 200
poulletianus, IV, 200
pressleri, IV, 200
pulcherrimus, IV, 201
pumilus, IV, 189
purpureus, IV, 200
purpusii, IV, 188
quilliardetti, IV, 201
raveaudii, IV, 201
rebuti, IV, 201
reichei, IV, 201
reinckii, IV, 207
Phyllocactus—conlinued.
roseus albus, IV, 189
roseus carmineus, IV, 201
roseus carneus, IV, 201
roseus floribundus, IV, 201
roseus grandiflorus, IV, 199
roseus grandissimus, IV, 199
roseus miniatus, IV, 201
*roseus splendidus, IV, 201
roseus superbus, IV, 189
roydii, IV, 201
ruber, IV, 201
ruber perfectus, IV, 201
tuber violaceus, IV, 201
ruelcheri, IV, 200
tuestii, IV, 199
russellianus, IV, 184, 185
sarniensis, IV, 201
schaffieri, IV, 201
schallerianus, IV, 201
schlimmi, IV, 201
schmidtii, IV, 201
selloi, IV, 189
sellowii, IV, 201
serratus, IV, 191
smithii, IV, 189
smoli, IV, 189
specillimus, IV, 201
speciosissimus, IV, 201
speciosissimus feltonii, IV,
200
speciosissimus grandiflorus‘
IV, 201
speciosus roseus, IV, 201
splendens, IV, 201
splendidus, IV, 201
stenesi, IV, 201
stenopetalus, IV, 196, 197
strictus, IV, 196
superbissimus, IV, 201
superbus, IV, 200
tettanii, IV, 201
thomasianus, IV, 193
tonduzii, IV, 200
tricolor, IV, 201
triumphans, IV, 200
tuna, IV, 200
ulbrechtii, TV, 200
undiflorus, IV, 201
vandesii, IV, 201
victoria-regia, IV, 200
vitellimus, IV, 201
vogelli, IV, 200
vonhoffini, IV, 201
warscewiczii, IV, 201
weingartii, IV, 200
wippermannti, IV, 200
wittmackianus, IV, 201
wrayi, IV, 200
zarka, IV, 200
Phyllocereus, II, 221; IV, 185
Pilocereus, II, 3, 13, 25, 44,
51, 52, 58, 59, 178, 181;
III, 60, 78; IV, 185, 186,
268, 271
acranthus, II, 169
albisetosus, II, 58; IV, 270
albispinus, II, 59
albispinus crenatus, II, 59
alensis, II, 55
andryanus, II, 59
angulosus, IV, 268
arrabidae, II, 42
auratus, IV, 268
barbatus, II, 50
bruennowii, II, 171, 172; IV,
279
celsianus, II, 171, 172, 226;
V,279
celsianus bruennowii, II, 171,
172, 226
celsianus fossulatus, II, 172
celsianus gracilior, II, 171
celsianus lanuginosior, II,
171, 172
celsianus williamsii, II, 171
chrysacanthus, II, 48
Pilocereus—continued.
chrysomallus, II, 59, 72; IV,
271
coerulescens, II, 59
columna, II, 59, 76
columna-trajani, II, 76
cometes, II, 52; IV, 269
consolei, II, 44
crenulatus, II, 49
curtisii, II, 44; IV, 269
dautwitzii, II, 61, 63, 225;
IV, 270
dautwitzii cristatus, II, 63
divaricatus, II, 151
engelmannii, II, 164
erythrocephalus, III, 79
euphorbioides, IT, 33
exerens, II, 42, 43; IV, 268
fimbriatus, II, 151
flavicomus, II, 52
flavispinus, II, 60
floccosus, II, 50
foersteri, II, 52
fossulatus, II, 171, 172; IV,
279
fossulatus gracilis, II, 171
fossulatus pilosior, II, 171
fouachianus, II, 50
foveolatus, II, 172
fulviceps, II, 72, 73; IV, 271
fulvispinosus, II, 50
ghiesbrechtii, II, 60
giganteus, II, 164, 167; IV,
279
glaucescens, II, 59
gounellei, II, 34
grandispinus, II, 87
haageanus, II, 62
haagei, II, 61
hagendorpi, II, 27
haworthil, II, 44
hermentianus, II, 58; IV,
hoogendorpii, II, 225
hoppenstedtii, II, 27, 28;
IV, 268
houlletianus, II, 53; IV, 269
houlletianus leucocephalus,
IV, 269
houlletianus niger, IV, 269
houlletii, II, 52, 53; IV, 269
jubatus, II, 52
kanzleri, II, 171; IV, 279
kranzleri, IV, 279
lanatus, II, 61, 63; IV, 270
lanatus cristatus, II, 63; IV,
270
lanatus haagei, II, 61, 63
lanuginosus, II, 49
lanuginosus virens, IV, 269
lateralis, II, 27, 28
lateribarbatus, II, 76
leninghausii, III, 204, 205
leucocephalus, II, 52
lutescens, II, 44
macrocephalus, II, 31
macrostibas, II, 182
marschalleckianus, II, 53
melocactus, II, 29, 30
militaris, II, 73
monacanthus, II, 155
moritzianus, II, 41
niger, II, 44; IV, 269
niger aureus, IV, 269
nigricans, II, 44
nobilis, II, 44
oligogonus, IV, 268
oligogonus houlletianus, IV,
268
iS)
x
°
oligogonus sublanatus, IV,
268
pasacana, IT, 133
pentaedrophorus, II, 31
pfeifferi, II, 224
plumieri, II, 47
polyedrophorus, II, 31
polygonus, II, 47
polylophus, II, 32
INDEX.
Pilocereus—continued.
polyptychus, IV, 269
pringlei, II, 69
repandus, II, 17, 18
rhodacanthus, III, 79
robinti, II, 39
royenii, II, 50, 51
royenii armatus, II, 50
tuficeps, II, 75
russelianus, II, 33, 34
sargentianus, II, 177, 178;
*IV, 280
schlumbergeri, II, 47
schottii, II, 177, 178; IV, 280
scoparius, II, 41
senilis, II, 27; 1V, 268
senilis cristatus, II, 27
senilis flavispinus, II, 2
senilis longispinus, II, 2
setosus, II, 34, 35
sterkmannii, II, 41
straussii, II, 171, 172, 226
strictus, II, 44, 60
strictus consolei, II, 44
strictus fouachianus, II, 50
sublanatus, IV, 268
swartzii, II, 47
terscheckii, II, 140
tetetzo, II, 76
tetetzo cristatus, IV, 272
thurberi, II, 97
tilophorus, IV, 268
trichacanthus, II, 44
ulei, II, 52
urbanianus, II, 43
vellozoi, II, 29
verheinei, II, 58
virens, II, 43
williamsii, II, 172; IV, 279
Pin pillow, I, 102
Piptanthocereus, II, 3, 22
azureus, II, 15
beneckei, II, 18; IV, 273
chalybaeus, II, 16
forbesii, II, 7
hankeanus, II, 7
labouretianus, II, 7
jamacaru, II, 8
jamacaru caesius, II, 15
jamacaru cyaneus, II, 8
jamacaru glaucus, II, 8
peruvianus, IV, 266
peruvianus manstruosus, IV,
266
spegazzinii, IV, 268
validus, II, 7
Pisciformes, IV, 258
Piscol colorado, II, 62
Pitahaya, II, 96, 98, 122, 165;
III, 40; IV, 190
agre, II, 117, 122
agria, II, 117, 122
de San Juan, II, 122
dulce, II, 98, 122
Pitahayita, II, 111, 122
Pitajaya, II, 122
Pitajuia, II, 122
Pitalla, II, 122
Pitaya, II, 122
Pitayita, II, 111, 122
Pithaya, II, 122
Platanillo de monte, IV, 197
Platyopuntia, I, 45, 73, 84, 92,
99, 100, 135, 211; IV, 180
Polar bear cactus, I, 87
Polyacanthae, I, 45, 193
Portulaca, I, 9
Prickly pear, I, 43, 212; IV, 250
Prismaticae, IV, 220
Pseudorhipsalis, IV, 208, 213-
214, 243
alata, IV, 213, 214
himantoclada, IV, 213, 214
Pterocactus, I, 24, 30-33
decipiens, I, 32, 33
fischeri, I, 31
hickenii, I, 31
Pterocactus—conlinued.
kuntzei, I, 30, 32, 33; IV, 252
kurtzei, I, 32
pumilus, I, 31, 32
tuberosus, I, 31, 32,33;1V,252
valentinii, I, 88
Pubescentes, I, 141
Puipute, I, 13
Pumilae, I, 45, 100; IV, 256
Queen of the night, IV, 283
Quiabentia, IV, 252
Quiabentia zehntneri, IV, 252
Quiabento, I, 14; IV, 252
Quimilo, I, 190
Quipa, I, 125
Rabo de raposa, II, 109
Rainbow cactus, III, 19, 27
Ramosissimae, I, 44, 46
Rat tail cactus, II, 218
Rathbunia, II, 2, 139, 169, 170
alamosensis, II, 117, 169, 170
kerberi, II, 169, 170
sonorensis, II, 169
Rebutia, III, 3, 45-48, 60, 176;
V, 285
deminuta, IV, 285
fiebrigii, III, 45, 46, 205
minuscula, III, 45, 46, 180;
IV, 285
pseudominuscula, III, 45, 46,
47
pygmaea, III, 45, 47
steinmannii, III, 45, 47
Recurvatae, IV, 24, 51
Repandae, II, 4
Rhipsalidanae, II, 1; IV, 177,
206, 208
Rhipsalidopsis, IV, 208, 209
rosea, IV, 209, 247
Rhipsalis, I, 8; II, 3, 124, 209,
214, 222; III, 4; IV, 180,
208, 209, 210, 211, 212,
213, 214, 216, 219-247, 250
aculeata, IV, 221, 231
aethiopica, IV, 226
alata, IV, 213, 214, 241, 242,
243
alternata, IV, 237
anceps, IV, 215, 216
angustissima, IV, 241, 242
bambusoides, IV, 218
biolleyi, II, 215
boliviana, IV, 221, 240
brachiata, IV, 222
brevibarbis, IV, 215~
bucheni, IV, 247
burchellii, IV, 220, 225
calmaiformis, IV, 231
campos-portoana, IV, 220,
224
capilliformis, IV, 220, 224
caripensis, IV, 227
carnosa, IV, 247
cassutha, IV, 219, 220, 225,
226, 233
cassutha rhodocarpa, IV, 226
cassytha, IV, 225
cassytha dichotoma, IV,
cassytha hookeriana, IV,
cassytha major, IV, 227,
cassytha mauritiana, IV,
cassytha mociniana, IV, 226,
22
cassytha pendula, IV,226,22
cassytha pilosiuscula, IV,
227, 234
cassytha rhodocarpa, IV, 226
cassytha swartziana, IV, 226
cassytha tenuior, IV, 227
cassythoides, IV, 227
cassythoydes, IV, 226
cavernosa, IV, 215, 216
cereiformis, IV, 210
cereuscula, IV, 220, 222
chloroptera, IV, 243
chrysantha, IV, 236, 247 .
chrysocarpa, IV, 236
RH N
NHOHN
6
6
4
6
Rhipsalis—continued.
clavata, IV, 220, 223
clavata delicatula, IV, 223,
22
comorensis, IV, 226
conferta, IV, 227, 228
coriacea, IV, 221, 241, 24
crassa, IV, 243
cribrata, IV, 220, 225
cribrata filiformis, IV, 225,
247
crispa, IV, 243
crispa latior, IV, 245
crispa major, IV, 245
crispata, IV, 221, 245
crispata latior, IV, 245
crispimarginata, IV, 221
244, 245
cuneata, IV, 221, 246
cylindrica, IV, 231
densiareolata, IV, 228
dichotoma, IV, 226
dissimilis, IV, 221, 236, 247
dissimilis setulosa, IV, 236
echinata, IV, 222
elliptica, IV, 220, 221, 242,
to
243
elliptica helioides, IV, 243
ensiformis, IV, 215
erythrocarpa, IV, 228
erythrolepis, IV, 228, 247
fasciculata, IV, 220, 227, 229
filiformis, IV, 247
floccosa, IV, 221, 227, 234
floribunda, IV, 228
foveolata, IV, 236
frondosa, IV, 247
funalis, IV, 231, 234
funalis gracilior, IV, 231
funalis gracilis, IV, 235
funalis minor, IV, 234
gibberula, IV, 221, 235
gonocarpa, IV, 221, 238
gracilis, IV, 217, 224
grandiflora, IV, 221, 231,
232, 233
grandiflora minor, IV, 234
hadrosoma, IV, 231
harrisii, IV, 213
heteroclada, IV, 220, 224
himantoclada, IV, 213
hookeriana, IV, 226
horrida, IV, 229
houlletiana, IV, 221, 238
houlletii, IV, 238
ianthothele, IV, 210
itatiaiae, IV, 247
jamaicensis, IV, 221, 242
kegnelii, IV, 238
knightii, IV, 215
lagenaria, IV, 247
larmentacea, IV, 230
leiophloea, IV, 241
leucorhaphis, IV, 221, 232
lindbergiana, IV, 220, 228
linearis, IV, 221, 239
loefgrenii, IV, 221, 232, 233
lorentziana, IV, 221, 240
lumbricoides, IV, 220, 230
macahensis, IV, 247
macrocarpa, IV, 187
macropogon, IV, 215, 216
madagascarensis, IV, 229
madagascarensis dasycerca,
V, 229
megalantha, IV, 221, 232
mesembrianthoides, IV, 222
mesembryanthemoides, IV,
220, 222
micrantha, IV, 221, 237, 239,
247
microcarpa, IV, 247
minutiflora, 1V, 226, 227
miquelii, IV, 247
mittleri, [V, 216
monacantha, IV, 212, 213
myosurus, IV, 215, 216
318
Rhipsalis—continued.
nevaesii, IV, 232
neves-armondii, IV, 221, 233
novaesii, IV, 232
oblonga, IV, 221, 246
oligosperma, IV, 247
pacheco-leonii, IV, 236
pachyptera, IV, 221, 243, 247
pachyptera crassior, IV, 243
pachyptera purpurea, IV,
243
paradoxa, IV, 221, 237
parasitica, IV, 226, 227, 229
pendula, IV, 225, 227
penduliflora, IV, 225
penduliflora laxa, IV, 225
pentagona, IV, 236
pentaptera, IV, 221, 236
peruviana, IV, 212
phyllanthus, IV, 187
pilocarpa, IV, 208, 209
pilosa, IV, 229
pittieri, IV, 221, 233
platycarpa, IV, 212, 221, 242
prismatica, IV, poe 222
pterocarpa, IV,
pterocaulis, IV, 237
pulcherrima, IV,
pulchra, IV, 220, Ene
palviniec IW DA 5 QA
233, 2
puniceo-discus, IV, 221, 235,
247
purpusii, IV, 221, 241
radicans, IV, 215, 219
radicans anceps, IV,
radicans ensiformis, IV 2
radicans rosea, IV, 215
ramosissima, IV, 216
ramulosa, IV, 214, 221, 240,
241
regnelliana, IV, 238
regnellii, 1V, 238
rhombea, IV, 241, 244, 245,
247
rhombea crispata, IV, 245
riedeliana, IV, 247
rigida, IV, 233
robusta, IV, 231, 243
rosea, IV, 209, 210, 247
roseana, IV, oS 246
rugulosa, IV,
russellii, IV, see 242
saglionis, IV, 222, 223, 247
saglionis rubrodiscus, IV, 222
salicorne, IV, 218
salicornioides, IV, 216, 217,
218, 222, 2
salicornioides bambusoides,
IV, 218, 219
salicornioides gracilior, IV,
D7
salicornioides gracilis, IV,
217
salicornioides ramosior, IV,
217
salicornioides stricta, IV,
Biv
salicornioides strictior, IV,
21
salicornioides viligera, IV,
218
salicornoides, IV, 222
sansibarica, IV, 2 ee 227
sarmentacea, IV, 2
sarmentosa, IV, Bos
schottmuelleri, IV, 218
setulosa, IV, 236
shaferi, IV, 220, 228, 229
simmleri, IV, 220, 223
spatulata, IV, 247
squamulosa, IV, 215, 216
stricta, IV, 217
suarensis, IV, 222
suareziana, IV, 222, 245
THE CACTACEAE.
Rhipsalis—continued.
suleata, IV, 221,
239
swartziana, IV, 213, 244
taglionis, IV, 247
teres, IV, 220, 227
tetragona, IV, 222
tonduzii, IV, 221, 239, 240
trigona, IV, 221, 237, 247
tucumanensis, IV, 221, 234
turpinii, IV, 247
undulata, IV, 226, 227
virgata, IV, 220, 227
warmingiana, IV, 221, 238
wercklei, IV, 240, 247
wettsteinii, IV, 247
zanzibarica, IV, 226
Ringent-flowered cactus, IV,
178
Robustae, I, 45, 191
Sacacil, I, 214
Sacamatraca, II, 111
Sacasil, II, 111
Sacharosa, I, 10, 14
Sacred mushroom, III, 84
Saguaro, II, 105
Sahuaro, II, 165, 166
Salmianae, I, 44, 73, 75
Saman, ITI, 223
Sandillon, III, 186
Saramatraca, II, 111
Scheerianae, I, 45, 159
Schlumbergera, IV, 177, 182-
185
epiphylloides, IV, 184
gaertneri, IV, 182, 183, 184
russelliana, IV, 182, 183, 184
Sclerocactus, III. 78, 212-215
213,
polyancistrus, III, 212,
214
whipplei, III, 212, 213
Sebucan, II. 81
Selenicereus, IT, 1, 58, 183, 195,
196-210, 221; IV, 249
boeckmannii, II,
IV, 283
brevispinus, II, 197, 201, 202
coniflorus, II, 197, 198, 199;
IV, 283
donkelaari, II, 197, 200
grandiflorus, II, 128, 196,
201, 210, 218;
197, 198,
IV, 199, 283
hamatus, We aoe: 197, 203,
204; IV, 2
hondurensis, a. 197, 199
inermis, II, 197, 207, 208, 2
kunthianus, II, 197, 201
macdonaldiae, tly eee 197,
202, 203; IV,
maxonii, II, 198; “te,
miravallensis, II, 213
murrillii, II, 197, 206
nelsonii, IV, 283, 284
pringlei, II, 199
pteranthus, II, 111, 196, 197,
200; IV, 283
spinulosus, II, 197, 207
urbanianus, II, 197,
212; IV, 283
vagans, II, 197, 205, 206, 207
wercklei, II, 197, 208, 209
Sempervivum tomentosum, I,
Al
Setispinae, I, 45, 136
Sinita, II, 177
Snake cactus, III, 90
Snowy cactus, III, 232
Solisia, IV, 3, 64, 65, 250
pectinata, IV, 64
Soroco, II, 62
Sowesa, IV, 270
Spanish dildos, II, 87
Spear-shaped opuntia, I, 179
Spineless opuntia, IV, 253
235, 236,
197, 202;
198,
; 1V, 71
Spinosissimae, I, 43, 45, 201,
202, 203, 208; IV, 2
Stenocactus, III, 109
Stenocereus, II, 69, 85
stellatus, II, 92
stellatus tenellianus, II, 92
stellatus tonelianus, II, 92
Stenogoni, III, 118, 123
Stenopetalae, I, 45, 200
Stenopuntia, I, 200
Stetsonia, II, 2, 64, 65
coryne, II, 64, 65; IV, 270
Strawberry cactus, III, 37
Streptacanthus, I, 45, 112, 156,
177, 181, 192, 22
Strigiles, I, 45, 136
Stromatocactus, III, 80
kotschoubeyi, III, 82
Strombocactus, III, 78, 106,
107
disciformis, III, 106; IV, 287
Strophocactus, II, 183, 221,222
wittii, II, 221, 222
Suaharo, II, 165
Subulatae, I, 44, 71, 75
Sucker, I, 43, 103
Suguaro, II, 165
Sulcatae, IV, 221
Sulcolanatae, IV, 2
Sulphureae, I, 45, 133; IV, 261
Suwarro, II, 165
Suwarrow, II, 165
Tacinga, I, 24, 39, 40
funalis, I, 38, 39; IV, 266
Tail of the fox, II, 109
‘Tapuna pear, I, 192
Tasajillo, I, 26, 30
Tasajo, I, 43
macho, I, 63
Tenuiores, II, 22
Teonanactl, III, 84
Tephrocactus, I, 42, 43, 44, 71,
72,79, 84, 85, 90, 95, 97,
106, 135; 1V, 25
andicolus, I, 89
aoracanthus, I, 91
calvus, I, 89
diadematus, I, 43, 89
platyacanthus, I, 89; IV, 255
polyacanthus, IV, 255
pusillus, I, 106
retrospinosus, I, 95; IV, 256
retrospinus, IV, 25
turpinii, I, 89
Teretes, I, 71
eres Ill, 148; IV, 3,
I
buekii, IV, 6, 8, 9
bicolor, IV, 6, 11
fossulatus, IV, 6, 10
hexaedrophorus, IV, 6, 10, 11
leucacanthus, IV, 6, 8, 9
lloydii, IV, 6, 11
lophothele, IV, 6, 7, 8
nidulans, IV, 6, 9, 10
phymatothele, IV, 6, 7, 8
pottsii, IV, 6, 12
rinconensis, IV, 6, 7, 8
tulensis, IV, 6, 11
Theloidei, IV, 1
Thurberianae, I, 44, 52
Tomentosae, I, 45, 172
Torch thistle, III, 237
Tortispinae, I, 45, 104, 126°
130, 133, 136, 193; IV, 265
Tortuosi, II, 77
‘Toumeya, III, 77, 91, 92
papyracantha, III, 91
Trichocereus, II, 2, 92, 130-
146; III, 3, 60, 75; IV, 268
bridgesii, I1,.130, 134, 136
candicans, II, 130, 134, 142;
IV, 277
chiloensis, II, 130, 137, 138
IV, 26
Trichocereus—continued.
coquimbanus, II, 130, 138,
139; IV, 277
cuzcoensis, II, 130, 136
fascicularis, II, 64, 130, 141
huascha, II, 130, 141, 142;
Ill, 57
lamprochlorus, II, 130, 132,
133
macrogonus, II, 130, 136;
277
pachanoi, II, 130, 134, 135
pasacana, II, 130, 132 zoe:
134, 140, 145, 225; IV, 2
peruvianus, II, 130, 136
schickendantzii, II, 130, 144;
IV, 278
shaferi, II, 130, 144
spachianus, II, 130, 131, 132;
IV, 277
strigosus, II, 130, 143, 144
terscheckii, II, 130, 140; IV,
277
thelegonoides, II, 130, 131
thelegonus, II, 130, 131
Trigonae, IV, 221
Tuna, I, 35, 43, 114, 181, 186;
II, 66, 93; IV, 257
cardona, I, 184
colorado, II, ror
de agua, I, 30
de cobado, II, 84
de Espana, I, 224
elatior, I, 153
major, I, 163
Tunae, I, 45, 110, 116, 148
Tunilla, IV, 261
Turk’s cap, III, 221, 231
Turk’s head, III, 221, 231
Utahia, III, 78, 215
sileri, III, 215
Vanilla, IV, 219
Vanilla claviculata, IV, 291
Vestitae, I, 44, 71
Visnaga, III, 131, 134
Visnager, III, 170
Weberianae, I, 44, 84
Weberocereus, II, 183, 214-216
biolleyi, II, 214, 215
panamensis, II, 214, 215
tunilla, II, 214
Werckleocereus, II, 183, 216,217
glaber, II, 216
tonduzii, II, 216, 217; 1V, 284
West Indian gooseberry, I, 10
Wilcoxia, I, 6; II, 2, 22, 110—
112; Ill, 4
papillosa, II, 110, 112
poselgeri, II, 110, 111; IV,
274
striata, II, rro, 111; LV, 275
viperina, II, 110
Wilmattea, II, 183, 195, 196
minutiflora, II, 195, 196, 216
Wittia, IV, 177, 206, 207
amazonica, IV, 206
costancensis, IV, 213
panamensis, IV, 206, 207
Woolly nipple-cactus, IV, 71
Zacoub, II, 187
Zamia pumila, I, 181
Zanthoxylum, II, 92
Zehntnerella, II, 2, 176, 177
squamulosa, II, 176, 177
Zuwarrow, II, 165
Zygocactus, I, 9; II, 22; IV,
177-180, 182, 183, 185,
200, 209
altensteinii, IV, 177, 178
candidus, IV, 182
delicatus, IV, 177, 180
obtusangulus, IV, 181
opuntioides, IV, 180, 181
truncatus, IV, 177, 178, 179,
183, 220
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