California. Dept. of Fish and Game.
" Biennial Report 1936-1938.
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California. Dept. of Fish and Game.
Biennial Report 1936-1938.
(bou]'^ '^'^inme) c.l
California. Dept n^ r,- .
(bound volume)
California Resources Agency Library
1416 9tti Street, Room 117
Sacramento, California 95814
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CALIFOHf^lA RESOURCES AGEflCY LIBRAR1{
Resources BuiJding, Room 117
1416 -9th Street
Sacramento, Caiiforiria
95814
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Division of Fish and Game
THIRTY-FIFTH RIENNIAL REPORT
For the Years 1936-1938
65726
Fishi toe CwiiBission
Library Copy
^ SAN FRiNWQ, CALil. .
I. ZEL"LERBACH
NEWON G. BOOTH
HERBERT C. DAVIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
FRONTISPIECE 2
IN MEMORIAjM 5
LETTER OP TRANSMITTAL 7
REPORT OP BOARD OP FISH AND GAME COMMISSIONERS TO THE
GOVERNOR OP CALIFORNIA 9
REPORT OP THE EXECUTIVE OFFICER TO THE BOARD OP PISH AND
GAME COMMISSIONERS 12
Library 26
REPORT OP THE BUREAU OF FISH CONSERVATION A. C. Taft 28
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OP GAME CONSERVATION J. S. Hunter 36
Game Farms 38
Predatory Animal Control 40
Deer Studies 42
Sage Hens 44
Antelope 45
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OP PATROL fi. L. Macaalay 46
California's Jvmior Game Patrol 47
Pollution Detail 53
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF MARINE FISHERIES N. B. Hcojield 56
Sardines 56
Tuna 58
Mackerel 58
Conservation . 59
Report of the California State Fisheries Laboratory 61
REPORT OP THE BUREAU OP HYDRAULICS John Spencer 72
REPORT OP THE BUREAU OF LICENSES H. R. Dunbar 76
STATISTICAL REPORTS —
Financial Statement 77
License Sales 86
Arrests and Convictions 92
Summary of Pish Distribution 96-97
Record of Mountain Lion Bounties 96-97
Eleven-Year Record of Deer Kill 97
California Fresh Fishery Products, year 1936 98
Canned, Cured and Manufactured Fishery Products, year 1936 102
Report of Sardine Plants, Season 1936-1937 104
California Fresh Fishery Products, year 1937 110
Canned, Cured and Manufactured Fishery Products, year 1937 114
Report of Sardine Plants, Season 1937-1938 116
(3)
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3UREAUOF
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ibvreau of
Patrol.
Law tMFORCCM EhTT
(4)
3n Memoriam
It is with much regret the Division reports the following deaths
and retirements of members of its staff during the biennium and wishes
at this time again to give recognition to the faithful and efficient service
rendered by these men.
Entered service Died
E. W. Smalley 5/1/09 Aug. 9, 1936
Chas. Bouton 1/1/16 July 11, 1937
McPherson Lough 7/1/18 Nov. 9, 1937
Retired
K C. Marshall 9/9/24 July 15, 1936
J. E. Newsome 12/1/06 Aug. 2, 1936
(5)
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
September 1, 1938.
To His Excellency, Frank F. Merriam,
Governor, State of California,
Sacramento.
Sir: Complying with the provisions of section 32 of the Fish and
Game Code, we respectfully submit the Thirty-fifth Biennial Report
of the Fish and Game Commission, eoverin;? the period July 1, 1936,
to June 30, 1938.
The report consists of a brief statement by the Fish and Game
Commission, a report to us from the Executive Officer on the several
major accomplishments of the Commission, together with a detailed
report by the chiefs of the several bureaus covering the proceedings
of these bureaus which go to make up the Division during the two
year period. There are also submitted complete statistical summaries
of the receipts and disbursements of the moneys in the fish and game
preservation fund and also statistics on fish and game management.
We desire to express to you our appreciation for the help and
sympathy that you have given to this Division. We also wish to thank
the heads of the various State departments and members of the legis-
lature for this cooperation.
Respectfullj' submitted.
E. C. Moore, President.
Newton G. Booth, Commissioner.
Raymond Grey, Commissioner.
E. L. McKenzie, Commissioner.
I. Zellerbach, Commissioner.
(7)
THIRTY-PIPTH BIENNIAL REPORT
REPORT OF BOARD OP PISH AND GAME COMMISSIONERS TO
THE GOVERNOR OP CALIFORNIA
During this biennial period, July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1938, your
Board of Fish and Grame Commissioners has devoted its attention to
continuing its efforts to bring into full operation the six-point pro-
gram for fish and game administration and management which your
excellency outlined in 1934. For the details of this program and the
specific points involved, Ave respectfully refer you to our report con-
tained in the Thirty -fourth Biennial Report covering the period July
1, 1934, to June 30, 1936.
Your excellency is of course familiar with the fact that during the
bienniuni the number of members of this Board was increased by the
legislature from three men to five. The additional commissioners did
not take office until close to the end of the biennium and therefore this
report for the most part is a report of the Commission as it was
constituted prior to the establishment of the five-member board.
The biennium just past and which is the subject of this report has
been unusually successful from the standpoint of fish and game
management because during this period the organization of the Divi-
sion has had full opportunity to concentrate on the six-point program
with all of the financial and personnel facilities at our command.
The results of the program speak readily for themselves and we
refer you to the statistical reports included at the back of this report.
You will see during this period the number of our people in California
who have availed themselves of the opportunity to hunt and fish has
materially increased. You will also see that the financial resources of
the Commission have increased proportionately. We respectfully call
your attention to the increased take of all sport fish and game, thus
showing that in spite of the increase in the numbers of fishermen and
hunters, the State has been able to maintain a supply of fish and game
to meet reasonable demands.
We are glad to report that the increased take has not resulted in
the depletion of any of the more popular species. In fact we believe
that the story of the deer herds of California is indicative of the
effectiveness of good management. The records show a continuous
increase in the supply of deer available. Our annual census shows
that the breeding stock has not only maintained its abundance but in
some areas owing to our protection of females has increased to an
extent where their numbers exceed the carrying capacity of the range,
and in northeastern California have actually damaged the range
through their abundance. In other sections of the State, no great dam-
age has yet been done to the range, but they have become a burden
upon the agricultural and livestock interests of our State.
This is a program that we feel needs specific attention and undoubt-
edly \\\]] i-equire legislation whicli will enable the Fish and Game
(9)
]() FISH AND GAilE COMMISSION
Commission to reduce the size of the herds in these several areas to
conform with the range carrying capacity and thereby relieve agri-
culture of the damage which it suffers. "We believe that this report on
the deer situation is applicable to most of our other species of both
fish and game.
Our records indicate that in spite of the individual catch per man
of trout having declined somewhat, the total catch has been maintained
to a remarkable degree. We must never lose sight of the fact that the
amount of fish we produce annually is dependent upon the amount of
water and food in our lakes and streams and regardless of the demand
we of course can not exceed our capacity to produce.
Waterfowl particularly have sho^^Ti a remarkable recovery under
careful management. Wliile this particular species of game is migra-
tory in nature and not solely a product of California, our State-ovsnied
and operated refuges have contributed much to the recovery of this
game in numbers.
We regret to report to you that during the biennium we have
sulTered some very substantial losses in our hatcheries through food
conditions Avhich prevailed in the winter of 1987 and 1938. Cold
Creek Hatchery located in Mendocino County was lost entirely. The
Forest Home Hatchery in San Bernardino County, which was a large
institution supplying all of southern California, w"as damaged beyond
repair. The Commission is now studying locations for the replacement
of both of these hatcheries.
We likewise regret to report that in spite of the diligent efforts
of your Commission, through the failure to obtain adequate legisla-
tion we have failed to stop the overexploitation of several of our major
commercial species, particularly the sardine and mackerel. However,
we did obtain the cooperation of the canninu' interests in establishing
a voluntary closed season on mackerel for several months during the
spring of 1938, which was a definite step forward in the conservation
of this species. The sardine must wait for its protection until such
time as the people of the State by their vote at the polls give adequate
laws to effect their conservation.
The four outstanding accomplishments which the Commission has
concentrated upon for this biennium are :
1. The establishment of a definite fiscal policy.
2. The establishment of a policy and system for recruit-
ing and training personnel in cooperation with the State
Personnel Board.
3. The establishment of the California Junior Game
Patrol which program is educational in its nature for the
benefit of the young of California.
4. The establishment of an extensive system of predatory
animal control which has laid the foundation for coopera-
tion between the Fish and Game Commission and the agricul-
tural interests of the State upon which we hope there may be
built a farmer-sportsman relationship which can be extended
to the production of game, 1he management of range and a
satisfactory improvement in relationship between these two
groups ami utilization of the lands of the State for the benefit
of both.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 11
We respectfully refer to the Executive Officer's report for the
details of all four of these major activities.
The Commission is very happy to report that the policy of com-
plete cooperation between the Commission and the sportsmen and com-
mercial industry whom they are called upon to manage was brought
to a concrete realization during this biennium with the appointment
by the sportsmen of the California AVaterfow^l Advisory Committee,
which committee met with the Fisli and Game Commission to assist
and advise them on the waterfowl regulations which they would request
from the United States Bureau of Biological Survey.
The California Sardine Advisory Committee was appointed by the
industry to sit with the Commission to study and advise them on the
individual problem of management of the sardine fishery and the
proper allocations of tonnages to be used by the industry. Both of
these committees were of great help to the Commission and demon-
strated the soundness of the policy of cooperation and working
together with these various interests.
The Fish and Game Commission is very grateful to you for hav-
ing supported their efforts to carry out the splendid program which
you announced and which we are happy to say has brought results
and improvement in fish and game conditions to the State of Cali-
fornia.
Respectfully submitted.
E. C. Moore. President.
Nev^ton G. Booth, Commissioner.'
Raymond Grey, Commissioner.
E. L. McKenzie, Commissioner.
I. Zellerbach, Commissioner.
12 P'ISII AXI) r.AMi: COMMISSION
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICER TO THE BOARD OF
FISH AND GAME COMMISSIONERS
Your Executive Officer has endeavored during the bieunium to
]jerfect the organization and financial structure of the Division in
accordance with your instructions to the end that the program of fish
and game management outlined by you during the thirty-fourth bien-
nium could be made effective and produce the most desirable results.
The reports of the several bureaus of the Division cover in detail the
management of that portion of the fish and game with which each was
charged. I will not summarize these in my report as was the custom in
the past, but rather devote my report to a number of specific matters
which you charged me with perfecting, none of these being new as far
as this biennium was concerned but all being matters designed to carry
out more effectively the general program of fish and game management.
During the biennium, your Executive Officer has made several
trips out of the State. The first one was to Grand Rapids, Michigan,
in 1936 for the purpose of attending the annual meeting of the Inter-
national Association of Pish and Game Commissioners and the American
Fisheries Society. No trip was necessary to meet with the Western
Association of Game and Fish Commissioners as this organization met
in San Francisco, California, during this year. A trip was made dur-
ing the year 1937 to attend the meeting of the Western Association of
State Game and Fish Commissioners at Denver, Colorado, and proceed-
ing from there to Mexico City to attend the meeting of the International
Association of Fish and Game Commissioners and the American Fisher-
ies Society. During 1938 your Executive Officer made one trip to
Washington, D.C., at the request of the Secretary of State for the pur-
])Ose of discussing with them the necessit}' and advisability of a fisheries
treaty with the Republic of Mexico. During the summer of 1938 your
Executive Officer attended a meeting of the International Association
of Fish and Game Commissioners at Asheville, North Carolina. In
the spring of 1938 your Executive Officer traveled to Portland, Oregon,
where he met with the Chief of the United States Bureau of Biological
Survey to discuss the future expenditures under the so-called Pittmau-
Robertson Act, known specifically as "An act to provide that the
United States shall aid the states in wildlife-restoration pro.jects, and
for other purposes."
The 1937 session of the California Legislature increased the number
of members of the Board of Fish and Game Commissioners from three
men to five. At the opening of the biennium and before the enactment
of this statute, tJae Fish and Game Commission was composed of Dr.
E. C. Moore, President ; A. T. Jergiiis, Commissioner, and I. Zellerbaeh,
Commissioner. Toward the latter part of the biennium, Mr. Jergins
resigned and the Governor of California appointed Mr. Raymond Grey,
of Taft, Mr. Newton G. Bootli of Harljin Springs and Mr. E. L.
McKenzie, of Red Bluff, to fill the vacancv created h\ ]\Tr. Jergins'
THIRTY-FIFTH UlRNNIAL REPORT 13
resignation and to fill the two additional positions created by the
legislature. At the close of the biennium, therefore, the Board of Pish
and Game Commissioners consisted of Dr. E. C. Moore, President,
Newton Q. Booth, Commissioner; Raymond Grey, Commissioner; E.
L, McKenzie, Commissioner, and I. Zellerbach, Commissioner, and
Herbert C. Davis as Executive Ofiicer and Secretary to the Commission.
One of the matters which your honoral)le board placed in the hands
of the Executive Officer for solution was that of adjusting the financial
structure of the Division of Fish and Game to conform with the fiscal
policy outlined by you during the thirty-fourth biennium, which policy
consisted of making each activity of the Division self-supporting as
far as possible, all money being returned to the fund from which it
came. For example, all money received from hunting license sales was
expended on the protection, propagation and administration of game;
money received from sport fishing licenses to the preservation, propa-
gation and planting of fish ; and the money received from commercial
fishing applied to the administration, propagation and preservation of
commercial fish in accordance with the Fish and Game Code.
You asked that a further break down be made in this policy to
the end that each species of fish and game should have assigned to it
as far as possible that portion of the funds derived from hunting and
fishing licenses which statistics of the Commission indicated was paid
in by hunters and fishermen who hunted and fished for specific species.
I am happy to report to you that this fiscal policy has to a large extent
been placed in operation as far as conditions would permit. Complete
fulfillment of the policy can only come with time as we had certain
facilities for production which had to be carried on and adjusted gradu-
ally to meet the policy.
I am submitting herewith a series of charts which I believe more
completely show the principals of your fiscal policy and the extent
to which it has been put into effect. Each chart is self-explanatory
and I will therefore not waste your time by attempting to describe
them here. The charts are based on experience factors and you will
note that they refer to the 91st and 92nd fiscal years which will be the
years that compose the thirty-sixth biennial period. These charts
were prepared at the time that the budget was written for submission
to the Legislature when thev convene in January, 1989.
14
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THIRTY-riFTII BIENNIAL REPORT
23
24 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
A second intricate problem which your honorable board directed
the Executive Officer to perfect was a system of recruiting and per-
sonnel management to the end that the Fish and Game Commission
might have at its command the best possible type of personnel, care-
fully trained and selected for the purpose of carrying out the fish and
game management program essential to the welfare of the State.
The State Personnel Board and the civil service laws of the State
made it comparatively easy for us to perfect one of the outstanding
recruiting and training systems for fish and game personnel in the
United States. A system, by the way, which has attracted national
attention and has been studied and complimented by many of the
States in the Union.
The procedure is comparatively simple. A recruiting grade
entitled assistant fish and game warden with specifications broad
enough to permit the use of this personnel in all functions of the
Division was established. From this grade, a system of promotion was
inaugurated making it possible for us to encourage college trained
men of high type to enter this recruiting grade with an opportunity
for a career as all positions between that of assistant fish and game
warden and the chiefs of the various bureaus are filled b.y promotion
from the grades below.
I submit herewith a chart showing all of the positions in the Divi-
sion together with their salary ranges and a brief glance at this chart
will indicate to you just how the personnel management program is
worked out. Like the financial charts, this is self-explanatory and I
will not attempt to go into detail in this report. See Chart on page 25.
May I point out, however, that there are two additional positions
needed in order to make the system of promotion uniform and
equitable without giving one branch of the service a greater degree
of attraction to our recruits than another. The first of these posi-
tions is that of junior economic biologist in the Bureau of Game Con-
servation to fill the gap which you will notice there to provide a posi-
tion comparable with that of junior fisheries researcher and junior
inland water fisheries researcher, a recruiting grade to that of eco-
nomic biologist which you will note is a higher position. In the
Bureau of Patrol there should be established a position of fish and game
warden. Grade I to fill the gap between assistant fish and game warden
and fish and game warden. You will note that the maximum salary
for assistant fish and game warden is $140 per month, whereas the
minimum salary of warden is $170 per month. There should be an
intermediate grade corresponding with that of supervising trapper and
fish hatcheryman in other bureaus so that promotion may be uniform.
I think one of the most outstanding accomplishments during the
biennium is the establishment and development of the California Junior
Game Patrol. This has attracted wide attention in the State and
much favorable comment. It is essentially an organization of young
men of an average age of 15 to 16 who have been uniformed and
officially recognized by the Fish and Game Commission. They are
organized into units known as troops for the purpose of teaching them
the principals of conservation, the art of fishing and hunting, the
game laws of the State and reasons for them to the end that when
these boys reach maturity they will be law abidinu' citizens having full
appreciation of the principals of conservation and the necessity for it.
TIlIRTy-FIFTH BIENNIAI. REPORT
25
We believe that this trainino; will in time eliminate much of the
expense that the Fish and Game Commission carries in law enforce-
ment work. We anticipate, and this is based on experience in other
juvenile organizations, that it will not be necessary to employ officers
to watch and protect the game from these men when they become
the adult citizens of the State.
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We are reprinting as a part of the report of the Bureau of Patrol
an article which was published in California Fish and Game on the
organization of the Junior Game Patrol. I respectfully refer you to
this article for details of the organization.
The fourth matter which you directed the Executive Officer to
perfect was an organization within the Bureau of Game Conservation
to handle a greatly expanded program of predatory animal control.
This has been done. The details of this work will be found in the
26 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
report of the Bureau of Game Conservation and I will therefore not
report it in detail here.
In organizing this work and carrying it forward during the
last two years, something has developed which was not foreseen.
This something has turned out to be a spirit of harmony and coopera-
tion between the Fish and Game Commission and the live stock
interests of the State which heretofore had never existed. In fact,
over a period of years a definite degree of animosity had developed
between the Commission and the live stock group as each was definitely
in competition Avith the other on tlie utilization of the range and the
installation of our predatory animal control system has brought us
together. This is so pronounced that the Fish and Game Commission
has consistently during the last couple of years been paid many com-
pliments by the cattlemen and the wool growers of the State in their
various publications over the work that we have done.
Most important of all in my opinion is that this was the first
step toward a farmer-sportsman agreement which could ultimately
develop into the dual usage of much of the land that is now of no
use to the Fish and Game Commission nor to the sportsmen for
propagating and utilizing game birds and mammals. May I suggest
that the Commission grasp this opportunity that has been offered to
carry forward the cooperation that we have developed and expanded
into these various other fields believing that by so doing we can not
only avail ourselves of 10 or 15 per cent of additional range land for
both birds and mammals for the use and benefit of the sportsmen,
but also that this usage may be turned to some financial benefit to the
landowner and agriculturist.
Your Executive Officer, together with the staff of the Division,
respectfully submits for your consideration the possibility of gaining
the consent of the people of the State of California through proper
legislation to the establishment of a Fish and Game Commission on
staggered terms for the sole purpose of maintaining and continuing in
operation the splendid policies for fish and game management that
you have laid down for us during the last four years. They are
fundamentally sound. We have checked them against policies in opera-
tion in other' States of the Union, we have results to show for them,
and we believe that a continuous production of fish and game in_ Cali-
fornia can be maintained under this program as it is one that is far
reaching and anticipated conditions over a long period of years rather
than just a day to day or year to year policy. As we, the employees
of the Commission, see it, a smooth, continuous administration of these
policies would be of the greatest benefit to the fish and game and the
people of the State.
LIBRARY
We believe this period has been a satisfactory one. Although dur-
ing the latter half thereof, we liave been greatly handicapped by lack
of adequate working space, and the difficulty in utilizing much of
our material, we are glad to report progress in the circulation and
service, especially that to our employees, the principal objectives
toward which this library is constantly striving. We are quite
unwilling, however, to estimate the library's usefulness by means of
loans or attendance. Manv of our assets are intangible and a great
THIRTY-FIFTTT BIENNIAL REPORT 27
portion of the librarian 's time is spent in hunting references and giving
other assistance.
The library, with its limited Imdget, depends to a large extent for
its growth on its exchanges and gifts with and from other scientific
and educational institutions. It is a pleasure to note that of the 483
bound volumes acquired during this period, 202 represent gifts. Like-
wise of the 140 periodicals regularly received, 102 are on the exchange
or free basis.
The record of bound volumes at the end of this period number
2250, with a valuation of $8,004.48. Scientifie and other pamphlets on
record number 5657, with a value of $908.79. Of these 770 were
received during this period.
Consideralile binding of back issues of periodicals was continued
under a WPA project, which unfortunately, due to a governmental
ruling on one-man projects, was terminated April, 1938. A large
amount of binding still remains to be done, and hundreds of pamphlets
are yet to be accessioned and made available.
Through the listing of the library's periodical inventory with the
San Francisco Special Libraries Association and embodying same in
the pu])lication "Union List of Periodicals," more people are learning
that the Division's library has material not to be found elsewhere
in this bay area, and consequently many requests are being made for
reference to such material. Students of universities and schools con-
tinue to use our facilities.
We are grateful to the libraries of the California Academy of
Sciences, University of California, United States Forest Service, and
our own Terminal Island office for the kind assistance given in lending
to us literature, which we already possess, however, but which is not
easily available while in storage.
Your Executive Officer desires to express his sincere appreciation
and that of the entire personnel of the Division for the firm, fair and
kindly treatment and assistance that your honorable board has ren-
dered us during this two-year period.
Respectfully submitted.
Herbert C. Davis,
Executive Officer.
28 Fi«n AND oA.Aii: com. mission
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF FISH CONSERVATION
By A. C. Taft, Chief
The present biennium has been the most disastrous in the history
of the Bureau as a result of heavy storms in December, 1987, and
again in March, 1938, that caused unprecedented damage to hatcheries
and egg taking stations. This type of damage was the most obvious
but equally important Mas the actual loss of fish in the streams and
the destruction of their food and cover.
This series of storms undoubtedly had serious effects on the fresh-
water game fish of California. Practically all streams in the State
reached higher stages than have l)een observed for many years past
and in some instances were subjected to torrential flows tliat seriously
altered the streams themselves. This erosion of the stream beds dur-
ing the storm of December was most harmful to the fall spawning
species such as the King salmon and the Loch Leven and Eastern
Brook trout, as in many instances nests have been dug out and in
others buried under many feet of gravel. The Steelhead runs which
were very good this year were aided in reaching the spawning grounds
by high and muddy water which made fishing very difficult. Reports
on the north coast streams between San Francisco and Eureka indi-
cated that a larger number of fish gained the upper reaches of the
streams than have been seen for several years but the successful spawn-
ing of these fish is also dependent upon water conditions after the eggs
are deposited.
In southern California the i-ecent floods have had very severe
effects on the streams and man,y of them have been changed so as to
be scarcely recognizable. Such great amounts of gravel were moved
that for many miles the old stream channels have been entirely obliter-
ated. The trees that bordered the streams have been torn out and dur-
ing the summer there will be less shade to keep the water cool and favor-
able for trout. In some places it will probably be found that a large
portion of the water will flow through the loosened gravel and rocks
that have been newly deposited and as a result, the surface flow will
be small in amount and high in temperature.
In addition to the loss of fish that are native to the streams, tlie
work of replacement through planting was made much more difficult
through the severe damage done by the storms to hatcheries, egg taking
stations and the 3'oung fish which were being reared in the hatcheries.
The total damage was nearly $100,000 and included the complete
destruction of two hatcheries and such serious damage to another that
it could not be operated during 1938. Steelhead and Rainbow egg
taking stations throughout the State were damaged to varying extents
and some of them had to be replaced as many as three times.
The first great loss was the total destruction of the Cold Creek
hatchery near Ukiah. This hatchery was situated at the junction of
TIIIRTY-FIFTII BIENNIAL REPORT 29
Cold Creek and the Russian River and obtained its water supply from
Cold Creek. On the evenings of December 10th the water rose rapidly
in the two streams and by 9.30 p.m. it Avas between three and four
feet deep on the hatchery grounds. Shortly thereafter all l)uildings
were swept away. This included the hatchery building with its con-
nected living quarters and 52 troughs, a two car garage and woodshed,
a four-room house and a tool house and storage shed. These buildings
and the equipment therein were a total loss. The two pickup trucks
at the station were taken to higher ground and thus saved but the
three employees at the hatchery lost practically all of their personal
etfects. This hatchery was valued at $30,000.
Damage at other stations is summarized as follows, in order of
importance :
Kings River Hatchery — 5000 feet of pipe line destroyed, grounds
and buildings damaged. All roads washed out and grounds littered
with debris. The water rose above the level of the hatchery floor. The
hatchery is still accessible only by temporary road as the roads and
bridges have not yet been repaired. It was impossible to operate this
hatchery as repairs could not be made in time for the 1938 season's
work. Estimated cost of repairs $10,000.
Kaweah Hatchery — water system completely wrecked, hatchery
shifted on its foundation and grounds damaged. Repair -work was
rushed at this hatchery and it operated during 1938. Cost of repairs
was $4,000.
Burney Creek Hatchery — diversion dam destroyed and part of
pipe line washed out, roads damaged. Temporary repairs were made
and this hatchery was then put into operation. Estimated cost of
complete repairs was $2,000.
Yosemite Hatchery — damage to pipe line. This hatchery operated
on an auxiliary water supply and repairs were made to the pipe line
at a cost of $500.
Mt. Tallac Hatchery — damage to buildings, rearing tanks, diver-
sion dam and pipe line. Cost of repairs $500.
Yuba River Hatcherv — damage to water svstem. Cost of repairs
$300.
Madera Hatchery — damage to water system and roads. Estimated
cost of repairs $500.
The following egg collecting stations were damaged : Snow
Mountain, Klamathon, Shackleford Creek, Shasta River, Domingo
Springs, Warner Creek, Chester, Hamilton Branch, Taylor Creek, Lake
Eleanor, Kosk Creek and San Lorenzo. Cost of repairs $7,500.
As a result of the storm damage there was some curtailment in
the number of fish produced. The areas served by the Cold Creek
and Kings River hatcheries were taken care of as far as possible through
other stations. The take of Rainbow eggs was reduced through the
fact that two important stations in the Lake Almanor area, one on the
Pit River and one at Lake Eleanor, were so badly damaged that they
could not be repaired so as to operate during the 1938 season. The
number of Rainbow eggs handled was increased as far as possible
through purchases.
30 FISH AND GAilK COMMISSION
On March 2d an exceptionally heavy storm in southern California
caused the nearly total destruction of the Forest Home Hatchery. This
included the total loss of two dwelling houses, the garage and tool
room, the food preparation house, two small storage buildings and an
open shed which was used for storage of certain heavy equipment. As
the culmination of a succession of heavy rain storms and a final series
of cloudbursts Mill Creek, upon which the hatchery was situated, rose
to such heights that it spread across the entire valley floor and moved
great volumes of boulders and gravel. Even small streams such as
Lost Man Creek just above the hatchery carried so heavy a load of
gravel that it covered the grounds at the Torrey Resort to a depth
of many feet.
The loss of the buildings and the destruction of the hatchery was
a progressive aifair and Mr. Clanton, the superintendent, and his crew
apparently made every effort to protect the State property and save
the hatchery, even at considerable risk to their own persons. There
were five families resident on the property and the women and children
were taken to Mr. Clanton 's house early during the first day. It is
very fortunate, indeed, that no lives were lost. While the men were
working in an attempt to save the houses and protect the ponds, Mrs.
Clanton removed most of the automotive equipment to the ground
surrounding her house and to the highest point of land accessible on
the Torrey property. It is probably due to her efforts that all of the
trucks and other cars were saved.
The ponds were almost completely obliterated and in some places
covered with many feet of heavy boulders and gravel. The hatchery
building was damaged and the lower floor was also partly filled with
boulders. Mr. Clanton 's house was undamaged and served as a refuge
for the crew after the other buildings had been destroyed. The
bachelor quarters also remained undamaged but is not used as it is
still in a dangerous situation due to the change in the creek bed which
now flows through a portion of the hatchery grounds.
At the close of the biennium plans were being formulated for
replacement of the Cold Creek and Forest Home hatcheries. Delay
was unavoidable due to the difficulty of finding satisfactory sites in
both of the areas to be served by the new hatcheries.
In southern California these requirements are particularly dif-
ficult to meet. In that area it has been the practice to rear approxi-
mately 400,000 fish each year to a catchable size before planting. In
order to obtain satisfactory growth during the winter months a supply
of spring water is essential. Since the old site in Mill Creek was so
altered that it would be practically impossible to bring the spring
water to a point where it could be used, an entirely new site is being
sought.
The water supply at the Cold Creek Hatchery was very unsatis-
factory due to pollution and a new site is also under consideration in
that area. It is hoped that a large enough supply of water can be
found so that the present Fort Seward Hatchery can be dismantled and
its operations combined witli the new hatchery. The Fort Seward
Hatchery was located many years a*'o when the only transportation
was by rail and it was designed to produce small fish for planting
very early in the season. By July the water temperatures become
extremelv high and the flow beeomes insufficient for satisfactory opera-
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 31
tion. Present day transportation by truck makes it more advantageous
to have a hatchery situated with better access to the main highway.
As was indicated by Dr. J. 0. Snyder, former chief of the bureau,
in his last biennial report the new name, Bureau of Fish Conservation,
indicates a wider responsibility than the sole production of fish for
planting. This enlarged view of the activities of the bureau has brought
an extension of certain types of work.
For a number of years it has become increasingly apparent that
there was a serious gap between the production of fish in the hatcheries
and the production of fish for the angler's creel. In the early days a
large portion of the planting worlv Avas done by individuals or groups
largely beyond the control or direction of the Division. In many
instances the Division had no adequate records of where the fish went,
or the results obtained. This condition was, in part, corrected by
detailing the work of planting to the wardens but there still remained,
however, a certain lack of coordination and the division of respon-
sibility was unsatisfactory.
Starting in 1936 tJie planting work was designated as the respon-
sibility of the Bureau of Fish Conservation. The men who had put
in long months in rearing the fish were given an opportunity to see
that the results of their work depended upon the care that was given in
planting them. The practice of filling applications for fish from
private individuals and groups was discontinued at the same time.
Direction of planting work was placed in the hands of a single
individual of wide experience and under his direction the fish planting
is done by the men at the hatcheries or b.y organized planting crews.
Specialized equipment in the form of aerated tank trunks and pickups
was obtained and the use of the railway fish cars was discontinued in
1937. Starting in 1938 most shipments of fish by pack train were
accompanied by employees of the bureau in order to see that the fish
were given proper care enroute and that they were delivered to the
waters for which they had been allotted. Certain details of organiza-
tion and technique still ofi;'er opportunity for improvement but the
progress made during the last two years is very gratifying.
The work still suffers from the lack of knowledge as to what hap-
pens after the fish are planted. Even after the fish are delivered to the
stream or lake it still remains largely a matter of chance whether the
final results to be obtained will be satisfactory. To most sportsmen
it seems that the size of the fish planted is the chief determining factor.
Experience both in California and elsewhere has demonstrated that
there can be many other reasons for the relative success in maintaining
the productivity of a given body of water which either singly or
cumulatively may be of equal importance.
The men concerned with the rearing and planting of fish from the
hatcheries have accumulated a great fund of practical information
which forms the basis upon which most of the work is now done.
Their work, however, leaves them little time for the more detailed
study and accumulation of knowledge which would make further
progress possible.
As a step toward the solution of this difficulty a new type of work
was initiateci by the Bureau and some others have been expanded.
During the two preceding bienniums the Division has had a coopera-
tive arrangement with the IT. S. Bureau of Fisheries whereby an
32 FISH AND GAME COJMMISSION
organization was set up called the California Trout Investigations.
Two experienced fisheries biologists \\ere assigned hy the federal
bureau for work in California and two trained men were supplied by
the Division. Much effective work has been accomplished by this group
that will be of both immediate and future value to the Division. How-
ever, with the extension of various federal activities in California
such as the Central Valleys project, the proposed debris dams on the
Yuba and American rivers and the growing interest of the U. S.
Forest Service in fish and game, increasing demands were made upon
the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries for technical assistance and advice. It
was, tlierefore, mutually decided by them and the Division that it
would be best if the cooperative work could be carried on under a
less formal arrangement.
There was an additional belief on the part of the Division that
this type of work in the Bureau of Fish Conservation justified its being
more firmly established through the employment of permanent per-
sonnel who would give increasingly^ valuable service through the
accumulation of experience and work under the direct supervision of
the Division.
Early in 1938, therefore, two senior fisheries biologists and one
junior biologist were employed by the Bureau. These trained men,
together with two others formerly employed in other work and one
who had been assigned to the trout investigations, were assigned to
carry on the survey and biological work.
As a basis for organizing their work the State was divided into
seven districts. Biologists were then detailed for work in five of
these in which the need for this type of work seemed most pressing.
District 1, comprising the Central Valleys area below an elevation of
2500 feet, was placed in charge of Merrill Brown, who also has charge
of the small mouth bass hatchery and fish rescue work, with head-
quarters at the new Central Valleys Hatchery. District 2, including
the drainages of the upper Sacramento, the McCloud, Pit and Feather
rivers, was assigned to J. li. Wales, with headquarters at the Mt.
Shasta Hatchery. District 3, in turn, included the Yuba, American,
Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Merced and Truckee drainages, in charge of
Brian Curtis, with headquarters in Sacramento. District 4 includes
all streams from the San Joaquin to the Kern, inclusive, and is to be
covered by William Dill with headquarters in Fresno. In Sacramento
we have been very fortunate in that the Sacramento Junior College has
kindly consented to supply laboratory quarters and in Fresno arrange-
ments have been made for similar facilities through the cordial coopera-
tion of the Fresno State College. District 5 includes all of the coastal
Steelhead and salmon streams and has been placed in charge of Leo
Shapovalov, with headquarters at Stanford Universitj'. The univer-
sity has cooperated to the fullest extent through furnishing labora-
tory quarters both for the Cooperative Trout Investigations and to
other fisheries biologists in the employ of the Division.
It will be the first duty of these biologists to assemble and bring
up to date the planting and stream survey records for their districts.
In addition, they will immediately start work on a detailed study of
certain problem waters in each area. During the present year, 1938,
a thorough study is being made of the Eel, MeCloud and Kern rivers
and of the lakes in the Desolation Vallev region. Since one of the
THIRTY-FIFTH mKNNIAL REPORT
33
greatest present problems is the maintenance of suitable environment
for fishes as a result of encroaching civilization they will be called
upon to supply much of the necessary biological information for the
Division's programs for pollution control and check dam, fish ladder
and fish screen construction.
Furthermore, each man has been assigned a special project of state-
wide importance to be carried on over a period of years. These special
projects include fish disease studies and their application to hatchery
operation, analysis of sport catch statistics, study of the environmental
relationship of trout and other fishes and the continuation of the
Steelhead and salmon studies with emphasis on the completion of the
Wiaddell Creek work.
The pollution control work which is growing of greater import-
ance in fisheries work with the further development of the State is
handled as a joint operation of this Bureau and the Bureau of Patrol.
This detail is under the direction of Paul A. Shaw and a separate
report is made upon it by him. Too great an emphasis can not be
made on the importance of this work to fish conservation. ^h\ Shaw
has also rendered great service to the Bureau during the biennium in
carrying on chemical work in connection with hatchery operations.
The following table indicates the hatchery units that were in
operation or partial operation during the three years or portions
thereof that are included within the biennium.
Alpiuo
Biisin Ci-tM'k
Big Creek
Blackwood
Brookdale
Biirney Crecli
rold Creek
Domiiiffo Sprinf;s
Fall Creek
Feather River
Fern Creek
Poorest Home
Fort Seward
Hot Creek
Huntington Lake
Kaweah
Kinffs River
r^ake Almanor
Madera
Mt. Shasta
-Mt. Sha.sta
Experimental
Mt. Tallae
.Mt. Whitney
Prairie Creek
Tahoe
Yosemite
Tuba River
TABLE I— HATCHERIES
1937
Alpine
Basin Creek
Big Creek
Blackwood
Brookdale
Burney Creek
Central Valleys
Cold Creek
Fall Creek
Feather River
Fern Creek
Forest Home
Fort Seward
Hot Creek
Huntington I^ake
Kaweah
Kings River
T nke Almanor
Madera
.Mt. Shasta
Mt. Shasta
Experimental
Mt. Tallae
.Mt. Whitney
T'rairie Creek
Tahoe
Yosemite
Yul)a River
1'.>3S
Alpine
Basin Creek
Big Creek
Brookdale
Burney Creek
Central Valleys
Fall Creek
Feather River
Fern Creek
Forest Home
Fort Seward
Hot Creek
Huntington T.ake
Kaweah
Lake Almanor
Madera
Mt. Shasta
Mt. Shasta
Experimental
:Mt. Tallae
Mt. Whitney
T'rairie Creek
Tahoe
Yosemite
Y'uba River
Snow Mountain
The reduction in the number of hatcheries operated during 1938
was in large part the result of the storm damage previously recounted,
one exception being the Blackwood Tanks. This plant consists of 12
3 — 65726
34
FISH AND GAME CO:\r MISSION
rearing tanks housed in a frame building. It was originally planned
to be used for the rearing of Steelhead transferred from the Tallac
Hatchery. Experience over a period of several years has demonstrated
that early summer temperatures in Blackwood Creek are too low to
make it suitable for this purpose. It is, therefore, planned to move
this station to a more suitable site in the near future.
In Table II is shown the various eg<;!; takiug statious operated
during the three seasons covered by the biennium and it will be noted
that two new stations have been added. Carmen Lake, Mono County,
and Pasadena Keservoir. Both of these stations were operated on a
trial basis and it was found that a very satisfactory number of Eastern
Brook eggs could be obtained at Carmen Lake. At Pasadena work was
not successful due to extremely high water in the San Gabriel River.
Since this reservoir is closed to fishing by the city of Pasadena, a
further effort wall be made to develop it as a source of Rainbow eggs
for southern California.
TABLE II— EGG COLLECTING STATIONS
19.U,
AitdwIk'ihI li.iko
Bear Lake
Beaver Creek
Blue Lake
Bogus Creek
Cottonwood Ijalces
Deep Creek
Domiiiffo Sprin.i;'s
Fall Creek
Forest Home
Friant Bass Ponds
Cull Lake
TIaniilton Branch
Ilornbroolv
June Lake
Klamathon
Tjake Eleanor
Little Walker Lake
Marlette Lake
Mt. Shasta Ponds
Mt. Whitnev Ponds
Mud Creek
Prairie Creek
Rush Creek
San Lorenzo River
Scott Creek
Shackleford Creek
Shasta Dam
Snow Mountain
Taylor Creek
T'pper Truckee River
Warner Creek
1937
Bear Lake
Beaver Creek
Blue Lake
Bogus Creek
Domingo Spi-ings
Fall Creek
Forest Home
Cull Lake
Hamilton Branch
Hobart Creek Reservoir
Hornbrook
Hot Creek Ponds
.Tune Lake
Klamathon
Kosk Creek
Lake Eleanor
Little Walker Lake
Marlette Lake
Mt. Shasta Ponds
Mt. Whitney Ponds
Mud Creek
Prairie Creek
Rush Creek
San Lorenzo River
Scott Creek
Shackleford Creek
Shasta Dam
Snow Mountain
Taylor Creek
Upper Truckee River
Warner Creek
Bear Lake
Blue Lake
Bogus Creek
Carmen Lake
Clear Creek
Cottonwood Lakes
Deep Creek
Fall Creek
Gull Lake
.Tune Lake
TTobart Creek Reservoir
Hornbrook
Hot Creek Ponds
Klamathon
Little Walker Lake
Marlette Lake
Mt. Shasta Ponds
Mt. Whitney Ponds
Mud Creek
Prairie Creek
Rush Creek
San Lorenzo River
Scott Creek
Shackleford Creek
Shasta River
Snow Mountain
Upper Truckee River
Warner Creek
Pasadena Reservoir
All of the following stations were damaged by high water in
1938 and, with the exception of Lake Eleanor, no plans have as yet
been made for replacing them: Lake Eleanor, Kosk Creek, Hamilton
Branch, Domingo Springs. The Beaver Creek station in the IQamath
area has also been abandoned due to the fact that the terms of the
lease did not permit of satisfactory^ operation.
THIRTY-FIFTH 15IENNIAL REPORT 35
The Bureau is still in need of a larger supply of Rainbow eggs
and definite steps have been taken to increase the number of this
species reared and to reduce the number of Loch Leven. During the
summer of 1937 thirty thousand Rainbow lingerlings were transferred
from the Hot Creek ponds to 'Mt. Shasta and they liave grown excep-
tionally well. These fish were derived from fall spawning stock and
will undoubtedly make a valual)le addition to the number of Rainbow
eggs available in 1989. The supply of this species during the past
two years has also been augmented by increased purchases from
private dealers.
During 1987 the rebuilt Prairie Creek and Basin Creek hatcheries
were put into full operation. The Central Valleys small mouth bass
hatchery and fish rescue headquarters were put into partial opera-
tion. This station, although still under construction by the Works
Progress Administration, at the end of the biennium operated at nearly
full capacity. The small mouth bass produced are being planted in
certain selected localities with a view to determining the possibility
of establishing these fish.
The construction of the Central Valleys Hatchery has also made
possible an expansion of the fish rescue work in the valley area.
During 1987 four crews were operated and a total of 11,500,000 fish
were obtained. During 1938 this work was further increased by the
addition of two more crews. A detailed list of the fish saved during
1987 will be found in the statistical appendix.
One fish rescue crew was also used in the salvage of trout and
salmon in Del Norte and Humboldt counties. It is hoped that it will
be possilile to extend the fish rescue work in the north coast area dur-
ing the coming biennium.
36 PISH AND GAMK COM:\riSSION
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF GAME CONSERVATION
IJy J. S. IIUNTliH, Chief
Tlie bieniiiiuu fov .July 1, 1936-Jime 30, 1938, Avas i)articularly
uuleworthy I'ur tiie umisiial climatic conditions that prevailed through-
out the State. The fall and early winter of 1936 was generally warm
with scant rainfall. Decejnber turned cold and with copious rains
well above normal. The early months of 1937 were particularly cold
and at higher elevation the snowfall lieavy. In the northeastern part
of the State, the thermometer recorded the lowest temperature ever
experienced reaching more than 40 degrees below zero. Excessive told
prevailed throughout the entire mountain areas.
The very low temperatures and heavy snowfall caused consider-
able loss of game. The antelope herd wintering in eastern Lassen and
across the line in Nevada was severely hit. Survey of winter areas
made from air and on the ground gave reason to believe that the loss
may have been as high as 25 per cent. IMule deer had a hard time
also, but suft'ered nowhere near as badly as antelope.
The fall of 1937 also opened warm and dry; especially so in the
southern part of the State. November brought heavy rains in the
north, but the south experienced the driest condition on record until
unprecedented storms in the spring months. Temperatures were high,
seldom reaching zero where previous winters 40 degrees below was not
uncommon.
The abundant rainfall with good growing temperatures has
resulted in the best feed conditions for many years. Many of the
lakes and marsh areas in the high plateau sections that have been
dry, or practically so, are now restored. Areas believed destroyed
by overgrazing are now in good condition showing that the overgrazed
condition was brought about probably as much from underwatering
as from any other cause.
Tulare Lake at the end of June, 1938, had more than 200 square
miles of surface, Buena Vista more than 50. Honey Lake tilled to
practically a maximum level and covered more than 100 square miles.
Goose Lake is nearly three-fourths full. Even in the extreme dry jpor-
tions of the State bordering Death Valley, the springs are unusually
strong — enough flow to carry water a considerable distance from its
source. All of these improved water conditions have brought about
better game environment and if it is true that we are entering a cycle
of normal or better than normal rainfall, we can look into the future
with hope and optimism.
The waterfowl situation in California is by no means satisfactory
to anyone. The policy of the Federal authorities in not fixing a
definite date for the opening of the duck and goose season has resulted
in much criticism hx those still interested in hunting of waterfowl.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL KEPORT 37
During the past seven years, the opening date has varied from October
20th to November 27th and this year October 15th. Only in the years
1932 and 1933 was the opening date the same — November 1st.
The first ducks from the north reach our State in late July and
early August. In the Imperial the arrival date is usually the second
week in August. It is decidedly to the advantage of the birds to have
water conditions satisfacton^ on the only marsh areas left, the duck
hunting grounds, when the birds arrive. As long as there is uncer-
tainty as to the opening of tlie season ; in fact, as to whether there will
be any season at all, there will be irregularity in water conditions,
most marshes will be dry. Rains can not be depended upon. Water
in California must be bought or pumped. With the opening date in
question, few landowners arc willing to go to the expense of putting
water on their land until well after the early flight has passed.
There is also dissatisfaction as to the 7 a.m. opening hour. With
the sun rising approximately a minute later each day, there is so
much daylight time between sunrise and 7 a.m. in October that the
average duck hunter can not resist the temptation to shoot ahead of
time. A violator of this provision of the law is particularly difficult
to apprehend. The arresting officer must be in a most favorable spot
if he is to swear to a complaint. The general result is criticism of
the officer and a general disregard for the law by unattached shooters.
It can be definitely said that there has been an increase in the
number of ducks in the past few years. This has been particularly
so with nesting conditions during the last two seasons. More ducks
nested in California during the spring of 1938 than for many years.
California waterfowl refuges have certainly been a factor in increasing
waterfowl. When these areas were set aside, there was scarcely an acre
of open water where a duck could find security. Millions of birds
have taken advantage of the refuge areas and have survived the bar-
rage of duck shot. These are the birds that provide the future crop
for the hunter.
Elk are still a problem in California. A few years ago, enthu-
siastic citizens in Owens Valley, believing that a herd of elk would
be an added attraction, prevailed upon the National Park Service
and our Commission to move the Yosemite herd of elk and others from
the State Elk Refuge in Kern County to the Owens Valley. The new
home proved entirely satisfactory to the elk and the numbers have
increased. Now with the change in the agricultural policy of the
Valley, many are wondering if the animals were so much of an asset.
It will probably be necessary for some agency to construct a fence
to prevent damage to cultivated crops.
The California elk on the Kern Refuge have had an average
increase of 22 for the past two years. On this refuge, we had a rather
strenuous time during high water conditions both in 1937 and 1938.
By the construction of a levee around the adobe headquarter 's house
and the installation of pumps to take care of seepage water, we were
able to save this house from destruction and comparatively little dam-
age was done. It was also necessary to keep the elk from flooded areas.
On account of the high water, feed conditions on this refuge have been
particularly good and it has not been necessary to purchase feed.
38 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
GAME FARMS
During the past two years the production and distribution of
game birds from our two games farms has been materially increased
over previous bienniums.
The main factor in this increased production and distribution is
further development of the holding pen program. At the close of the
previous biennium we were serving 750 pens. During the present
biennium this number was increased to 987. Many more clubs have
become interested and constructed units of rearing pens in their
locality.
Another factor in this increased production and distribution is
the fact that several clubs that were operating holding pens have
added brooding facilities as w^ell. At both Fresno and Redding, where
the Division of Fish and Game has units of 48 or more pens, 24
colony type electric brooders have been added to this equipment. In
addition to the projects at Fresno and Redding, the Livermore, Dixon,
Eureka, Petaluma, Cloverdale, Grass Valley and Lake County Wild-
life Association added electric brooders to their equipment. These
extra brooders gave us an additional output as we had the incubat-
ing capacity to supply this extra number of birds. Birds for these
brooding units are hatched at our Game Farms and transported to
the various units as day old chicks. With this added equipment, the
production of the present biennium was increased from 64,573 to
81,934 birds of all kinds.
Another factor that has helped to increase the production of birds
in the wild is the interest that various clubs have shown in providing
closed areas into which birds from their holding pens are released.
These closed areas provide a protected home where the birds may
adjust themselves to their new environment and reproduce according
to their own particular habits.
When a closed area is formed it is usually for a period of three
years, and a planting of birds is made in this area each year. When
a closed area is formed and receives a plant of birds each year, it will
insure a sufficient number of birds to cause an overflow into adjoin-
ing properties where public shooting is permitted.
With a sufficient number of protected areas, with regular yearly
plantings, a regular level of shooting is possible annually. In many
cases the areas are closed for an indefinite period as it has been
found advisable to continue them in order to keep the bird popula-
tion of the closed area and adjoining territory at a sufficient level to
warrant good shooting each season.
Still another means of using closed areas to improve shooting
conditions has been experimented with in southern California during
the past two years — the trapping of wild quail from refuges for the
purpose of stocking depleted areas. It has long been our contention
that quail may be reared more successfully under natural conditions
than on the game farm, particularly when a proper balance of food,
water and cover is maintained. In some States — New Mexico in par-
ticular— it has already been demonstrated that areas that have been
depleted may be successfully repopulated Avith wild trapped birds. We
see no reason why California should not make use of properly con-
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 39
trolled natural propagation to supplement the production of its game
farms, particularly where native species are concerned.
A limited quail trapping program was carried on in the fall of
1937. Less than one thousand birds were trapped and reliberated in
selected areas, all birds being banded with State bands so that it
will be possible to follow their movements and get some idea concern-
ing the percentage of kill during the open season. The trapping pro-
gram will be prosecuted with the utmost vigor during the 1938 and
1939 seasons and we feel sure that by the end of the next biennium
it will have become a permanent and valuable part of our game bird
propagation set-up.
Believing that the experimental work on Chukar Partridges dur-
ing the past five or six years justifies increased production and dis-
tribution, we have added more mating pens and increased the breeding
stock several fold at both Game Farms.
Reports from various sections of the State where these birds have
been liberated in the past five or six years seem to indicate that the
birds are taking hold and multiplying well in the wild state. It is
felt that this bird will fill a vacant niche in the upland game bird pro-
gram of California.
These birds seem well suited for arid regions and for that reason
there is justification for increased production and distribution of these
fine game birds.
Due to the popularity of the bird with the average sportsmen,
pressure is beine' continually brought to bear on the farms to produce
more of these birds.
Shortly after the opening of the pheasant shooting season a few
years ago. it became apparent to upland game bird shooters that a
hunting dog was absolutely necessary for good field sport.
In the past three years the breeding of hunting dogs has become
a real business. Activity along this line is best reflected in the num-
ber and quality of field trials held in various parts of the State.
Believing that the use of hunting dogs is a real conservation measure
we have, to some extent, advocated the breeding of dogs and holding of
field trials. To this end, we have agreed to furnish and handle the
birds for five major trials during the year. Two of these trials are
held in the south and three in the northern part of the State. Each
year the number of dogs participating in these field trials has increased.
Dog owners from Oregon, Washington and Idaho have participated
in many of these trials, especially during the last two years. There
is no question that the use of hunting dogs is a real conservation
measure. Not only does the use of hunting dogs save time for the
hunter, but they also more than pay for their upkeep by retrieving
crippled birds that would otlierwise be lost.
Tlie following table sliows the egg production and general dis-
tribution of birds for the biennium.
Eggs Eggs Birds
Jaid drstrihuted liberated
Ring-necked Pheasant,
Mongolian Pheasant ami
Reeves Pheasant 166,096 27,304 49,843
Partridges 25,797 4,941
Quail 90,399 11,151 27,150
•10 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
During the past two years the Los Serranos Game Farm has had
to contend with a serious problem in the form of quail disease. The
disease has been responsible for a high rate of mortality among both
mature breeders and young birds and the annual production of quail
has been greatly reduced in consequence. An investigation of the
nature of the disease and possible means of control is being carried on
in cooperation with the University of California and other agencies.
The experimental vaccination of a number of birds during the 1938
season did not yield the expected results and it will be necessary to
devise some more effective treatment if the large scale production of
valley quail is to continue at Chino. Chukar partridges and other
species of game birds reared at Chino have not been affected by this
disease.
The California valley quail is not only subject to disease when
confined on the game farm, and it has been demonstrated on several
occasions that wild birds also suffer from maladies which are frequently
responsible for the decimation of coveys over considerable areas. It is
when we are faced with conditions of this kind that we realize how
pitifully meager is the information that we have relative to disease
among wild game species. The outbreak of quail disease at Chino
brings home to us again the crying need for a disease research labora-
tory which will provide us with the knowledge that w^e must have if we
are to successfully combat these epidemics.
August Bade, Superintendent,
Game Farms of California,
Yountville, California.
PREDATORY ANIMAL CONTROL
During the month of July, 1936, an entirely new principle was
injected into the Division's Predatory Animal Control organization.
Before entering into a detailed discussion of this new departure from
the old scheme of things, however, it will be well to briefly summarize
the history of the Division's Predatory Animal Control Program —
exclusive of lion hunting — from the time of its inception up to the
beginning of the present biennium.
Although this Division has been engaged in the control of moun-
tain lions for many years, it w'as not until January, 1932, that an
organized trapping campaign was launched for the purpose of con-
trolling coyotes, bobcats, and other predators. At this time nine
trappers were employed to control predatory species within the bound-
aries of State game refuges and in other game concentration areas.
The staff of trappers was maintained at this level until June 30.
1933, when — due to the lack of funds — the number of men was reduced
to fonr. Shortly after this, the addition of one more man was made
possible and this group of five constituted the Division's entire trap-
ping force up to July 1, 1936.
All of the trappers who were employed during these first few
years were drafted from the ranks of experienced trappers who had
learned their business trapping for fur and bounty in various parts
of California. Not one of them had received any formal in.struction
in predatory animal control methods; their only training being that
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 41
"vvhieh is acquired in the school of practical experience. They had
varying degrees of ability and when it became necessary to reduce the
number of men in 1933 the most efficient were, of course, retained.
The group of five trappers who remained on the payroll represented
the cream of this crop and became the firm foundation on which it
was possible to begin the construction of a new predatory animal
control organization.
It was at this time — July, 1936 — that it became necessary to
materially increase the Division's Predatory Animal Control activities
— necessary, due to the fact that the Legislature had set aside the sum
of $80,000 to be spent solely for the control of predators during the
87th and 88th fiscal years. It was at this same time that the Fish and
Game Commission decided that the Division should have its own trap-
pers rather than to rely on the selection of experienced men from the
ranks of the commercial hunters. This departure from the established
way of doing things has resulted in the development of a predatory
animal control force of which the State of California may well be
proud — and following is the manner in w^hich it has been accomplished.
The first step in the development of this new organization was the
division of the State into five predatory animal control districts : the
northeastern California, the north coast, the southern Sierra, the south
coast and the southern California districts. Each of the five men
who comprised the predatory animal control force at this time was
placed in charge of one of these districts and to each of these super-
vising trappers — as they are now called — was assigned a group of
young men for training. These young men, most of them in their
early twenties, were recruited from the ranks of the assistant fish
and game wardens, the apprentice grade from which this Division
draws most of its permanent personnel. Except in a few cases none
of these men had received any training in predatory animal control
methods prior to the time that he was assigned to this work.
This training program has continued for a period of two years
and during that time a total of forty assistant wardens have been
instructed in the art of trapping predatory animals. Most of them —
contrary to expectations — have shown an extraordinary amount of
aptitude for this work and have turned in very creditable records
during their various terms of service. There has been, of course, con-
siderable variation in the catches of the student trappers, but the
man's catch record should by no means be the yardstick by w^hich his
ability is measured. A low or a high catch record is .iust as fre-
quently a measure of the coyote or bobcat population as it is a measure
of efficiency of the trapper. Following table gives the catch of coyotes,
bobcats and other predators in each county of the State during each
year of the bienninm. It will be noted that the catch during the
second year is far greater than that for the first year of operation
of the new program. This remarkable increase is due, not only to the
progressive increase in efficiency of the trapping force, but to the
gradual improvement in equipment and in methods of instruction as
well. Further, more men received training during the last half of
the biennial period covered by this report.
During the year beginning July 1, 1936, and ending June 30,
1937. the average number of trappers employed was 12 men per
month. These men ran a total of 67.960 miles of trap line and made
42
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
86,381 daj^ sets — an average of 5661 miles of trapline and 7198 daj'
sets per man. During this next year, ending June 30, 1938, an aver-
age of 19 men per month was employed, 137,696 miles of trap line
were run and 179,406 day sets were made. The average miles of trap
line per man was 7247. Each man made an average of 9442 day sets.
Most of the trap lines set out by student trappers are run on foot
which accounts for a low daily average length of trap line of less
than twenty miles per day for student trappers.
PREDATORY ANIMAL CATCH BY
COUNTIES
July 1, 1936, tc
June 30,
]Si37
.luly
1, 1937 to June 30,
1938
Total
for
biennium
( 'oiinty
Coyote
Bobcat
other
preda-
tors
Total
Coyote
Bobcat
Other
preda-
tors
Total
Butte
26
15
63
24
9
170
100
51
28
26
16
47
71
10
3
28
23
217
185
15
3
44
35
142
8
78
4
1
4
1
3
64
51
ii"
7
17
57
190
13
136
5
64
52
8
7
10
37
66
11
81
31
1
37
19
55
126
231
31
243
64
215
230
186
62
39
67
83
61
216
92
4
76
49
289
368
231
El Dorado
12
12
43
Fresno -
243
Glenn . _ _- _. . -
10
42
16
11
45
19
93
io"
5
13
42
16
25"
42
177
32
21
75
106
HiimhnMt
392
Inyo- --- -- ..- - --
262
Kern
207
Lassen.- . .
137
Los Angeles - _ . . .
39
Mariposa
Merced
26
4
30
97
83
Modoc
4
i
2
5
2
11
8
23
69
Monterey. ---...
239
Napa
92
Plumas - - . .
4
Riverside
16
245
33
39
44
I
77
4
I
45
2
90
21
66
49
21
412
58
112
138
97
San Benito
461
San Bernardino
347
San Diego - -.
480
San Luis ObisDO
138
Santa Barbara
92
47
16
107
18
23
10
28
99
39
6
51
120
97
209
109
32
186
120
428
209
109
32
Siskiyou
186
Trinity
87
267
29
26
104
17
18
33
113
389
79
233
Tulare
Ventura
215
116
817
79
Totals
933
421
388
1,742
1,589
740
1,361
3,660
5,432
Coyote and bobcat catch by counties and other predators.
In March, 1938, another step was taken which will go still further
in pro\'iding us with the type of predatory animal control organiza-
tion that Ave have been striving to build. A promotional examination
was given for the position of predatory animal hunter and trapper,
open only to assistant wardens who had been trained under our super-
vision since July. 1936. More than half of the men who had had trap
line experience applied for permission to take this examination and on
July 1, 1938, the ten highest on the list Avere promoted to the new
grade and sent out on permanent assignments. At the close of the
next biennium Ave Avill — Ave are sure — be able to report that the records
of these ten men have demonstrated to the satisfaction of everyone that
"a college education is no bar to becoming a good trapper."
DEER STUDIES
The study of the Rocky Mountain mule deer Avas continued and
in addition similar Avork Avas carried on in other parts of the State
on California mule deer and southern mule deer. The problems studied
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 43
were the same as those relative to Rocky Mountain mule deer, namely ;
actual census work, information on numbers, sex ratio, condition of the
deer herd, disease outbreaks and range conditions. Much definite and
practical information has been gathered from these studies.
The southern California studies gave much information that the
Division needed. Some of the more interesting facts determined were
those relative to population per square mile, sex ratio, food conditions
and migration.
In the Rocky IMountain mule deer region of northeastern Cali-
fornia, the following tabulation covers a period of four years of fall
and winter observation:
1^. ~'' Si's m"? »! 2o*',-oi>520r».2
*: ic
O •'H' o
o| ?s 'S.^
&1^ &1^ ftJrO
1933-34 9,263 1,449 143 7,814 5,690 2,124 1-3.9 1-1.4 2.6-1
1934-35 26,473 4,172 207 22,301 14,885 7.416 1-3.5 1-1.8 2-1
1935-36 8,928 1,353 125 7,575 5,361 2,214 1-3.9 1-1.6 2.4-1
1936-37 21.517 3,904 147 17,613 13,652 3,961 1-3.5 1-1.0 3.4-1
Foiir-yeai*
summary 66.181 10,918 622 55,308 39,588 15,715 1-3.62 1-1.44 2.52-1
It will be noted in the above tabulation that there was a total of
622 spike bucks. Most of these were observed in the Fall River-Burney
Region and in eastern Siskiyou County where there has been consider-
able mixing between Columliian black-tailed deer and Rocky ]\Iountain
mule deer. Even when mixed and remixed many times, the yearling
bucks with any black-tail blood generally are spikes rather than forked
horns. Normally, about one full-blooded Rocky Mountain mule deer
yearling buck out of fifty is a spike. About one out of ten is a three-
pointer and very rarely a four-pointer.
1937 and 1938 were very good years producing an al)undance of
deer feed on the deer ranges of the State. The average growth on
bitter brush or antelope brush PiirsJiia iridenfala in nortlieastern Cali-
fornia during 1937 was about 2^ inches and slightly more in 1938.
Other food plants made a good growth and provided an abundance of
forage and browse.
The reduction or elimination of sheep and substitution of cattle on
some parts of the mule deer range has augmented the carrying capacity
of this range.
In southern California particular studies were made bordering
the two refuges, 4-A in San Bernardino County and 4-B in Los Angeles
and San Bernardino counties. California mule deer in areas adjacent
to Refuge 4-A averaged about 6 per square mile and the same sub-
species adjacent to Refuge 4-B averaged about 6.5 per square mile.
Areas within Refu2e 4-A averaged about 9.3 per square mile and in
Refuge 4-B about 9.8 per square mile.
Two areas adjacent to Refuge 4-E in San Diego County averaged
5.3 southern mule deer per square mile and two areas within the same
refuge averaged 5.8 per square mile.
One area adjacent to Refuge 4-G in Riverside County averaged
16.2 deer per square mile and in the refuge averaged 14.3.
An estimate of the total range of the six subspecies of deer com-
monly found in California has been made. There are 155,652 square
44 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
miles in the State of which 84,300 square miles or 54% can he classed
as deer range, where these animals may be found in varying numbers.
Of this about 46,000 square miles can be classed as good deer country
supporting a population of about 7 deer per square mile on the aver-
age. About 20,000 square miles may be classed as fair deer territory
with an average of about 3 deer per square mile, leaving about 18,000
square miles of poor deer range with an average of about 1 per square
mile.
The approximate square miles of range for each of the six sub-
species of deer in California are as follows :
Columbian black-tailed deer 44.5% or 43,500
California mule deer i- 23.2% or 22,500
Rocky Mountain mule deer 15.9% or 15,500
Southern mule deer 6.3% or 6,100
Inyo mule deer 5.4% or 5,250
Burro deer 4.7% or 4,600
97,450
Of this total, there are about 13,150 square miles of overlapping ranges
between adjoining subspecies. Thus we find that the total deer range
is about 84,300 square miles.
The average counts per square mile on ranges of the different
subspecies of deer have shown the following to be the approximate
density :
Columbian black-tailed deer 4.3 per square mile
California mule deer ' 4.5 per square mile
Rocky Mountain mule deer 5.8 per square mile
Southern mule deer 2.6 per .square mile
Inyo mule deer (partially estimated) 2.2 per square mile
Burro deer (estimated) .2 per square mile
By multiplying the number of deer per square mile bj^ the num-
l)er of square miles in their range, we find the population of the various
subspeT-ies to be about as follows :
Columbian black-tailed deer 186,900
California mule deer 101.500
Rocky Mountain mule deer 00,000
Southern mule deer 16,000
Inyo mule deer 11,500
Burro deer 920
Approximate deer population the entire State 406,820
SAGE HENS
During the last two years the sage hen condition in the north-
eastern sagebrush plateau area has improved greatlj-. The population
has doubled or possibly tripled due to good food and hatching condi-
tions. The situation in eastern Lassen County can be expected to
improve even more since a major part of the sheep range is now cattle
range. The cattle are not as destructive to sage hen food or nest sites
as are sheep ; nor are the cattle brought into the sage hen range at such
an early date in the spring as are the sheep.
In Mono and Inyo counties, the sage hen have also increased quite
satisfactorily, due to better food and range conditions.
THIRTY-FIFTIT BIENNIAL REPORT 45
ANTELOPE
After having reached a jieak of population in 1936, the antelope
went into the winter of 1936-37 in only fair physical condition and
were badly hit by snows, intense cold and lack of feed on their winter
range in southeastern Lassen County and the western part of the State
of Nevada bordering Lassen County.
On a survey made by air and horseback, the loss was concluded
to be at least 25 per cent reducing the herd to an estimated 9,000 to
11,000 head. I\Iost of the animals lost were old individuals. On parts
of the winter range, the loss was better than five per square mile. The
animals have been slow to recuperate from this loss. Although, the
winter of 1937-38 had a heavy snowfall, there was no intense cold or
great scarcity of feed on the winter range and they came through
in much better condition. The fawn crop of 1938 was the ])est in
ratio to does since 1935.
4C) FISIT AND GAME COMMISSION
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF PATROL
By E. L. Macaulay, Chief
The division of patrol activities into three districts mentioned in
the thirty-fourth biennial report has been continued with satisfactory
results. Two promotional examinations from the grade of assistant
warden to fish and game warden have provided an increase in our
patrol force of twenty w^ardens.
Our Marine Fisheries Patrol has been materially enlarged by the
addition of four sea-going patrol boats for southern California w^aters,
and a new boat has also been built for upper San Francisco Bay.
All of our ocean-going boats have been equipped with radio telephone
installations, providing an effective means of communication from shore
to ship as well as between ships.
A separate pollution detail in the Bureau of Patrol has been set
up and a detailed report by Paul A. Shaw, chemist in charge, is
included herewith. A new activity, the Junior Game Patrol, was
organized in 1936 to interest young people under 21 years of age in
the principles of fish and game conservation. The Junior Game Patrol
is supervised by "Warden M. F. Joy, Jr., who has written the article
describing the aims and purposes of this movement included in this
report.
Conferences with all wardens in attendance were held at Sacra-
mento in February, 1937, and April, 1938. These meetings are very
beneficial, as they give our men an opportunity to become acquainted
with fish and game problems in other portions of the State.
During the past biennium the following members of this depart-
ment retired from active service :
R. C. Marshall on July 15, 1936:
Captain J. E. Newsome on August 2, 1936;
and the following passed away :
Captain E. W. Smalley on August 9. 1936 ;
Warden Charles Bouton on July 11, 1937 ;
Warden ]\IcPherson Lough on November 9, 1937.
After August 27, 1937, one-half of all fines collected for viola-
tions of the Fish and Game Code are paid into the county treasury of
the county in which the defendant is tried, the other half going to the
fish and game preservation fund. "WTiile this procedure has resulted
in a reduced income from fines to the Fisli and Game Commission, it
has helped recompense the counties for the costs of prosecuting fish
and game cases.
Patrol efficiency continues at a high standard. A recapitulation
of arrests and convictions will be found in the appendix on page 91.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL KEPORT 47
CALIFORNIA'S JUNIOR GAME PATROL
By M. F. Joy, Jr., Warden, Superintendent Junior Game Patrol
The Junior Game Patrol was first organized in 1936 by the Division
of Fisli and Game because of the need for educating society in the prin-
ciples of conservation, so that the Division's work in the preservation
of California's resources for the benefit of the public may not be in
vain. The number of violations of the fish and game laws in California
since 1926 has increased greatly, and it was apparent that a large pro-
portion of the violators were young men between the ages of 21 and 30.
Tlie purpose of conservation is to assure the constant use of the
i-esources and to leave a sufficient breeding stock, and the fish and game
laws are therefore enacted by the people of the State to aid in the
management and wise utilization of the resources. Hence, the Bureau
of Patrol of the Division of Fish and Game is vested with the duties of
enforcement of these laws. The Bureau's aim is to make the public
realize the significance of the inestimable damage that can be done
through carelessness and of their responsibility in preserving Nature's
gifts for future generations, and it is not the Bureau's sole purpose to
apprehend violators as so many are prone to believe. This is in keeping
with the modern trend to prevent rather than punish. For example,
since 1926, there have been 23,345 persons arrested and convicted for
fish and game violations in this State, but many of these oft'enses could
have been prevented. Fines for such violations amounted to nearly half
a million dollars and the violators served some 70,000 days in jail, an
aggregate of 191 years. Although it may be too late to educate the
older people, we can do a great deal of good by teaching our youth the
principles of conservation so they will not become violators.
A plan, originated and furthered by Mr. A. T. Jergins, Fish and
Game Commissioner of California, was therefore initiated to educate
our younger generation along these conservation lines, teaching them
to appreciate and protect the wildlife, the perpetuation of which is in
the hands of the public. Such was the origin of the Junior Game
Patrol, which is making even more rapid strides than the Division of
Fish and Game had anticipated. The sportsmen's organizations have
aided materially in furthering this work by taking an active interest.
The Junior Patrol, under the direct supervision of the Division, is
made up of troops, the members of which are boys of 10 to 21 years of
age. Their membership is solicited throughout the schools, and the
troops are locally sponsored by sportsmen 's clubs, civic organizations or
interested individuals. The sponsoring agency furnishes the required
adult supervision, namely, troop leaders— one for each platoon consist-
ing of 19 boys — and also special instructors whenever necessary. If the
patrol leaders are adept in some particular phase of the program, such
as natural history, specimen mounting, drilling, sport fishing, etc., their
48
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
knowledge will be of benefit to the troop. However, in any case the
officers of the Division of Pish and Game are prepared to instruct in
specialized conservation fields in addition to directing the general activ-
ities. The sponsor of the troop provides a meeting place, which is
usually a civic hall, school or other convenient place.
Fig. 4 0.
A Hanger of the Junior Game Patrul. The uniform is modeled on that of
the Canadian Northwest Mounted Police.
In organizing a troop, a group of boys is called together by the
Division of Fish and Game and the purpose of the Junior Game Patrol
is explained to them. The boys are given literature on fish and game
laws and on natural history subjects, and are provided with applica-
tions for membership. Weekly meetings are held thereafter. After
THIKTY-FIFTII BIENNIAL REPORT
49
four weeks of instructions on fish and game laws and the reasons for
them, a preliminary examination is given. The successful boys take
the oath of office and are given badges and credentials signed by the
three California Fish and Game Commissioners and the Division's
Executive Officer. Thus, they become Rangers of the Junior Game
Patrol. Then they are ready to commence with the course of instruc-
tions, outlined below, which is made as interesting as possible. Field
trips are an important feature, as it is only through actual contact
^^^
Fig. 41. The badge of the Junior Game Patrol.
with nature that the desired results can be secured. The course con-
sists of the following activities:
Instructions in fish and game laws and the reasons for them.
Identification of birds, fish and other animals; mounting of speci-
mens.
Drill work.
Fishing — fly and bait casting.
Making of flies and leaders, rewinding rods.
Hunting in field; dog training.
Hiking, camping, forest fire prevention.
Rifle and pistol shooting.
Trapping; predatory animal control.
Athletics.
Red Cross life saving.
Game management on the farm; restoration of cover for upland
game ; soil erosion.
Game bird raising.
4—65726
50 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
The or<:-anizHtion of the patrol is as follows:
Squad
1 Corporal 1
:'. RaiiRers 3
1 Platoon
4 Squads 16
2 Serjeants 2
1 Tiioutenant 1
10
1 Company
4 Platoons 64
8 Sergeants 8
4 Lieutenants 4
2 Captains 2
1 Troop
Any nunilier of eompanies
1 Major
2 Platoons
1 Captain
Pig. 42. The shoulder insignia of the Junior Game Patrol.
The Division of Fish and Game has designed uniforms (see Fig.
40) for these boys, and the eost is approximately $7.75 each. The
sponsoring agency, if it so desires, may nniform the boys bnt the Divi-
sion of Fish and Game recommends that the funds for their purchase
be raised by the rangers themselves through social functions or other
means. There never should be any financial o))ligation on the part of
the individual member or his parents. In this ^vay, the uniforms will
be the property of the troop.
At the present time (June, 1937), there are approximately 250
members who have received their commissions. The average age of the
l)oys is 15 years. Troops have been organized in San P^rancisco, Oak-
land. Tracy, Stockton, Napa and in Marin County, and sponsored by
the following clubs:
TIITRTY-FIFTII BIENNIAIj REPORT
51
Foothill Sportsmen's Clul), Oakland.
San Francisco Rod and (hm Clnb, San Francisco.
Ingleside Sportsmen's Clnb, San Francisco.
Daly City Sportsmen's Clnb, San Francisco.
Tracy Wildlife Association, Tracy.
Napa Rod and Gnn Club, Napa.
Marin Rod and Gnn Clnb, San Rafael.
The rangers are not vested •\viiti any law enforcement authority
and it is not the intention of the Division to grant it. Above all, they
FRANK F. MERRIAM, GovtuNOR
3taic of California
Bitiision of Fish and ©amc
[©attll]_ yKBRUAHY_A.19.3L
Bg the anthoriti! of the fish and &mt CommiBsion
ALAN C. WILSON
of_
rOOTHILL JUNIOR SPORTaffiN CLUB
CEoDntjoL
ALAMEDA
_,^tattof£ahfornia,
is hcTcbetonstitDtcd and appointed a
RANGER
m.
of the
'^ 1^ '^ I^"'^^ ®^"^^ P^^^^'
ilsh and 6amc Commission
Pieiidcitt
9 olll cndraDor id k 0 sooii Eportraan anil msit foi ctu
(onsmiamn of fish mi sami et all tiiiiis. ftlg gtin mill
b( to build iiig bod; and [hamoi cltsn, fini ond sntd;,
in kttplng toiti- '.U gnai oot-doon.
^C££^^^t^^>.«^ / r
<_
Olficer
Fig. 43. A Rangei-'s commission in the Junior Game Patrol, signed by tJie three
I-'iwh and Game Commissioners and the Kxecutive Officer of the Division of I<Msh
and Game.
52 FISH AND 0AM E CO:\r:irTRSTON
are not to work in the guise of "stool-pigeons." They are taught con-
servation practices, to appreciate and protect wildlife, to be aware of
the beauties of nature, to be sportsmanlike, and in general to become
better citizens for having become rangers. These boys can carry the
knowledge thus gained to their homes and associates and so spread the
conservation movement. They will understand that violating fish and
game laws and the laws of the forest is not smart or clever, but a dis-
honorable crime against nature. "We know this work is worthwhile but
we need the public's cooperation and assistance in order to make this
"conservation through education" undertaking a state-wide organ-
ization.
THIRTV-FIFTII BIENNIAL REPORT 53
POLLUTION DETAIL
By Paul A. Shaw
In order to cope with increased sources ot" pollution and with
public demand for the maintenance of cleaner waterways, the pollu-
tion detail was expanded during the biennium for a three- to an eight-
man unit. The Division toxicologist is in charge with a senior warden
liandling enforcement. Three recently appointed wardens, two assist-
ant wardens, and a laboratory man complete the assignment. Due to
the rapid expansion of the work, it appears desirable to record this
activity in considerable detail.
The problem of pollution control is fundamentally one of law
enforcement and therefore a function of tlie Bureau of Patrol. How-
ever, the establishment of scientific facts and the application of proper
engineering principles to the correction of existing conditions are
equally important problems which necessitate the assignment of
specially trained men for effective investigation and remedial action.
Preliminar^y investigation in response to complaints, or conditions
observed on regular patrol, are reported in detail and followed up by
any research or technical data necessary to ascertain the facts.
Samples, pictures, statements of witnesses and other pertinent facts
are also essential features of the investigation. Upon completing the
evidence, notices of inspection may be issued indicating the violation
and condition to be corrected.
The nature of the violation and the attitude of the offender deter-
mines the manner of procedure; the general policy being to secure
a remedy through cooperative effort in so far as possible. Problems
common to an industry are often approached through a group repre-
sentative with the thought of establishing approved methods of prac-
tice relative to w^aste disposal. If suitable preventative measures have
not been developed, the industry is urged to instigate research work
and, in the event of active cooperation, time is granted to develop
and install proper equipment rather than to force temporary methods
that might prove unsatisfactory and costly. The staff of the pollu-
tion detail aids in such programs and in many instances are able to
suggest proper procedures at a considerable saving to the industry.
Cooperative progTams of this type are in progress with the major oil
companies, commercial fishing interests, the Canners' League, "Wine
Institute, Gold Producers of California and others.
Failure to accomplish the desired result through educational and
cooperative effort necessitates active enforcement. However, immedi-
ate action is indicated when substances specifically prohibited by law
are discharged or when the discharge of waste is know^n to be detri-
mental or causes visible damage to aquatic life. Even in such instances,
the enforcement action may consist in notification to remedy the condi-
tion at once, for, in the final analvsis. the goal is to secure correction
54 FISH AND oa:\ie commission
rather than court fines. Immediate prosecutions are contincd to con-
ditions resulting from negligence or wilful disregard of law and to
substances which are widely known to be prohibitive through previous
publicity and educational effort.
In both the technical studies and the enforcement activities the
cooperation of various municipal. State and Federal agencies has been
solicited and received. Valuable technical assistance has been received
from the State Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, district sanitary
engineers and the major oil companies. Federal agencies charged with
the enforcement of similar pollution laws in navigable waters have
rendered active assistance on law enforcement. Pollution patrol of
harbor and beach areas by the U. S. Coast Guard, reports from customs
officials and legal support of the War Department through their dis-
trict engineers have all aided materially in pollution control. Evi-
dence obtained by the pollution detail and Federal agencies is freely
exchanged and may be utilized for prosecution by either one or both.
In this connection it is understood that Federal fines imposed on pollu-
tion cases in California during the last three months alone will total
over $37,000.
It is impossible to determine the expenditure of various enter-
prises to correct conditions found unsatisfactory by the pollution detail
but the amount unquestionably totals several million dollars for the
present biennium. Corrective measures include installations to screen,
settle, filter, incinerate and impound in addition to chemical and
biological treatment methods. In numerous instances these installa-
tions have resulted in the recovery of bj^-products producing added
profit for the concern.
Particular emphasis has been given to the exclusion of substances
causing visible pollution of State waters since items of this type are
the most common source of complaint. Solids that blanket the bottom
or produce gases during decomposition are extremely damaging to
aquatic life. Invisible polluting agents such as acids, metals and
organic substances in solution require more detailed technical study
to determine sources and in general are more difficult to treat or
exclude. Organic wastes are dangerous due to their ability to remove
oxygen, producing lethal areas or complete barriers to fish migration.
Many such conditions have been corrected and investigations to remedy
others of a similar nature are in progress.
Beach, harbor, and general aquatic conditions in southern Cali-
fornia have shown remarkable improvement during the liiennium.
In this area, where oil has been the largest contributor to pollution,
improvements have been effected through cooperation at all the major
oil fields and pollution from loading' terminals and bilge pumping have
been larsely controlled through cooperation and enforcement.
Improvement may also be noted through the reduction of garbafre,
citrus nroducts. fish cannery waste and other refuse formerly dis-
charged indiscriminately. In this connection, a rotary screen designed
by one of the pollution detail to eliminate fish cannery solids has
proven profitable to concerns installing the device.
Food and beverage industries, including canneries, sugar refin-
eries, wineries, distilleries, dairy products, and meat plants have
required active attention in many parts of the State. Programs to
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 53
eliminate solid or other prohibitive substances from such sources have
been partially effected and are in progress at many other plants.
The rapid development of the mining industry has resulted in a
major pollution problem. Quartz mills, dredgers and hydraulic opera-
tions all produce effluents that menace spawning areas, fish foods,
recreational activities, domestic, industrial and agricultural water sup-
plies and even navigation. Considerable progress has been made in
providing permanent impounding of mill tailings and in the Trinity
and Klamath area. The revision of section 482 through the Quinn bill
has aided materially in maintaining river clarity for the period from
July 1 to November 30. During the restricted season constant patrol has
been maintained in cooperation with an engineer assigned by the Gold
Producers of California.
Tailings from bucket and drag line dredges have been particularly
difficult to control and due to their tendency to stay in suspension and
remain muddy after settling and filtration, the pollution staff under-
took research work which resulted in the development of a chemical
method of clarification that can be installed and operated at small
expense. Recent installations indicate tliat satisfactory clarification f)f
the most refractory effluent can be obtained l)y tliis method.
Tunnel drainage from both active and abandoned mines, causes
extensive damage to certain streams due to the presence of acid and
metals dissolved from deposits of ore through the action of air and
water. The gravest danger from this soui-ce occurs when large volumes
of tunnel water are pumped out to dewater a tunnel preparatory to
resuming operations at an abandoned shaft. Tn one such instance fish
were killed for sixty miles downstream and immediate action was
necessary to minimize further damage.
"While it is not desired to emphasis court action, the record, as
shown below, is indicative of the increased attention being given to
pollution control.
POLLUTION CASES
Fines
Period Arrests imposed
7/1A^-6/30/.S6 14 .^".O 00
7/1/86-6/30/87 46 2,210 00
7/1/37-6/30/88 64 6,305 00
Section 481 of the Fish and (lame Code, on water pollution, is well
Avorded and more recent interpretation of its provisions has permitted
the control of various substances, obviously damaging to water
resources, which had not been considered covered by this section
previously. At the present time no changes in its provisions are
recommended.
56 PISH AND GAME COMMISSION
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF MARINE FISHERIES
By N. B. ScoFiELD, Chief
During the two past calendar years of 1936 and 1937 the com-
mercial fisheries of California continued to lead all other States both
in total production and in the value of its fishery products. The total
landings of fish and shellfish by California fishermen amounted to
1,247,987,000 pounds in 1936 and 1,169,570,000 pounds in 1937, thus
completing the fourth successive year in which the landings have
exceeded the billion pound mark.
The combined total landings for the two years 1936 and 1937
amounted to 2,417,557,000 pounds, as compared with 2,339,959,000
pounds for the preceding two year period of 1934 and 1935, which in
turn exceeded the two year period 1932 and 1933 by 105 per cent.
The great expansion of the industry is therefore, at the present time,
in its fifth year.
The value of the fishery products in either of the past two years
exceeded $50,000,000. The fish packing and by-products plants, exclud-
ing the plants handling fresh fish and shellfish, have an investment
value exceeding $10,000,000 and employ 10,000 persons. The number
of commercial fishermen's licenses issued in the license year 1936-1937
(April 1 to March 31) was 6,986, while for the license year 1937-1938,
7,771 licenses were issued.
The value of commercial fishing boats is conservatively estimated
at $33,000,000.
The details of the fish catch and fish pack for the calendar years
of 1936 and 1937, and the special sardine report for the seasons
1936-1937 and 1937-1938 may be found in the appendix to this report
or in Statistical Circular Nos. 11 and 12.
SARDINES
The sardine fishery of California within the last few years has
developed into one of the ma.ior fisheries of the world. It is by far
the largest fishery ever developed in North America. Its size as com-
pared with the other fisheries of this State is sh()^\ai in Figure 1
while its actual w^eight in pounds and its expansion during the past
twelve seasons can be seen in the following table :
Sardine Catch Delivered to California Shore Plants and to Floating Plants
Operating Off the California Coast in Tons
Season Shore plants
1927-28 181,176
1928-29 2r)2.433
1929-30 322.600
1930-31 172,001
1931-32 131,320
1932-33 190,166
'ting plants
Total
181,176
252,433
322,600
10,200
182,201
14,100
145,420
55,890
246,056
i. 4
ffj 0> 0} ff} ffi ff>
- „, CJ fO
PJ OJ CM CM
* ** m <n
Fig. 1. Total landings of fish (exclusive of mollusks, crustaceans, amphibia and
reptiles), in California. Importations from Gulf of California, Hawaii, and
Japan have been omitted.
CALIFORNIA CANNED FISHERY PRODUCTION
n — \ — i i 1 i~
All canned fishery products
Sordines
■ -- Mockerel-
c RC
Fig. 2. "Tuna" includes Albacore, Bonito, Skipjack (Striped Tuna), Bluefin, Yellow-
fin, Tonno, Tuna Flakes and Tuna, unclassified.
7
s
AL
.M
0
N
^
6
^
CL
3
c
o
^-"^
N
><\
ocrarr
ento
River
,yM(
nterej
Bay
Son
Franc
isco £
!i Mar
n
^-
\\
^
_,-
/ '■■*
""\
I
/
^
^
Vi
k"
l\
^-.
„
I
1
i
/
9
■'-f
^-
>f^
3 1-
a
3 0
1 i
■i
C
J r<
1 ^
r u
■) u
D r
c
0 0
r> C
3 ;
:; c-
J 1*
T ^
t u
1 <J
O N
H-' i' (Jl
2
CR£.
Fig. r,. This graph shows the decline of the King^ salmon fishery as shown by the
Commercial catch in the river and in the adjacent ocean districts.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
57
Season Shore plants Floating plants Total
1933-34 313,842 77,132 390,974
1934-35 480,746 128,190 r>OS.930
1935-36 407,166 158,754 565,920
1936-37 488,141 239,257 727,398
1937-38 345,834 74,334 420,168
The sardines are used for eanninor, for reduction into oil and fish
meal and as bait for sport ano'ling and for commercial fishing. The
amount of sardines used for bait each year is not given in our records
but it is estimated at 25,000.000 pounds. The amount of sardines used
for canning and the number of cases produced during the past four
seasons is shown in the following table:
Amount Equivalent
received Cases lib. cases in other
Season for canning oval cans size cans Total
1934-35 13S.109 tons 1.486.343 390,279 1,876.622
1935-36 237.537 tons 1,936,154 1,280,761 3,216,915
1936-37 212,278 tons 1,647,332 1.341,714 2,989,046
1937-38 160,028 tons 1,182,714 1,117,715 2,300,429
Due to the lack of adequate control over the fishery, a much larger
amount of the sardines caught are used for reduction into oil and
meal than is used for canning. The folloMdng table gives the amount
of sardines used by shore plauts in the past four seasons for reduction
purposes, with the oil and meal produced from this amount and from
the offal and overage discarded by canning plants. The table does
not include the sardines used by floating reduction plants operating
off-shore beyond the State's jurisdiction.
Received
for
Season reduction Oil produced Meal
1934-35 342,339 tons 16.870.565 jral. 77,651 tons
1935-36 168,922 tons 13,200,692 '^:\\. 59,904 tons
1936-37 274,272 tons 14.299,923 ffal. 75,115 tons
1937-38 183,858 tons 9,175,277 gal. 52,981 tons
The great expansion of the fishery has been accompanied by unmis-
takable signs of depletion in the sardine population and it is imperative
that the fishing intensity be brought under control and the present
large production be reduced, if we are to avoid the ruin of the State's
sardine supply. The expansion of this fishery has been brought about
by an increase in the number of fishermen and by a greater increase
in the number and efficiency of fishing boats and processing plants.
Our repeated warnings that we are draAving too heavily on our sardine
supply have failed to bring about legislative action until now we have
an industry with an investment in men, boats and plants which can
not be supported by the available supply of fish.
It is inevitable that fishermen and plant operators must stand a
great loss in investment and occupation and that the State must
struggle along with a fishery resource to a point far below what it was
capable of producing if it had been wisely managed. As for the
future, we wall continue to have a sardine industry but it will of
necessity be reduced in size and be restricted to canning and the pro-
duction of high potency, vitamin fortified oil.
58 FISH AND GAME COINI MISSION
TUNA
The seL'oiul largest of our fisheries is that of the tuna which is
ahuost entirely a cannin<i' industry, only a very small per cent going
to the fresh fish niai-kcts. I'lilike the sardine industry which has
what amounts to an unlimited market for the oil and meal products,
the tuna industry must depend upon a market for its canned product.
At the time of our last report in ]!t;36 there was an excellent and
growing market for all of our canned fishery products which resulted
in increased canning of tuna as well as of sardines and mackerel. In
the year 1936 the industry produced close to two and one-half mil-
liou cases of tuna which exceeded the previous high year of 1935 by
about 150.000 cases. The expansion of the industry was accelerated by
the building of more and large tuna tisliing boats. Early in 1937 tuna
were landed in such quantities that the pack exceeded the market
requirements. In order to stabilize the market and ])rcvent price
cutting or a reduction in the price paid to fishermen, canning opera-
tions were curtailed by an agreement with fishermen to hold their
boats in port for a time. In spite of this curtailment the pack for
1937 came very near reaching the three million case mark and the
industry went into the 1938 season with a considerable carry-over of
canned tuna. Again in this year, 1938. packing has been slowed down
by holding the boats in port for two months, but this did not prevent
a ruinous drop in the price of canned tuna.
As the supply of tuna is drawn from an extensive area reaching
to the Equator and as the catch will be limited by the market demand
for canned tuna, we are not greatly worried about the supply being
depleted, although we are watching this very carefully.
Due to the expense of cai)turinf; tuna in far away waters, the
canned product must bring a much higher price than canned sardines
or mackerel, for example, which are taken by more economical methods
and in waters near the canneries. The higher selling price of canned
tuna restricts the catch to supplying a market which may not expand
sufficiently to strain the tuna supply for some years to come. The
tendency to over expand, especially in number and efficiency of fishing
boats, exists in this fishery only to a less extent than wdth the other
larger fisheries of the State. It is probable that cheaper methods of
catching and canning tuna will be worked out. A good deal of experi-
menting with refrigeration methods on the boats is being carried on
by fishermen and the canning companies so as to reduce tlie loss of
tuna from spoilage or deterioration in the long haul from the tropics.
The new- fisheries research boat now building for this bureau will be
equipped for carrying on refrigeration experiments on a commercial
scale. Such experiments are designed to improve the quality of the
fish and prevent what at present represents a serious loss to both fisher-
men and canners.
MACKEREL
Third in importance in the fisheries is that of the mackerel which
is also our youngest fishery, being now in its eleventh year since the
first important pack of canned mackerel in 1928. The reasons for the
rapid development of this fishery were : a fair abundance of fish ; a
good demand for a moderately low-priced canned fish: and an abund-
ance of purse seiners which could fish for mackerel when they were not
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 59
fishing- for sardines. In 1935, only eight years after this fishery
started to develop, fishermen brought to the canneries in southern Cali-
fornia and at IMonterey 146,427,000 pounds of mackerel. We were at
that time quite worried for fear that this heavy eatcli would deplete
the supply of fish. The fishery was yet so young and the investiga-
tions of the California State Fisheries Laboratory covered so few
years, we were without knowledge as to how much the fishery could
stand. However, we did recommend in our 1936 report that the Fish
and Game Commission should be given the power b>' the legislature
''to regulate or limit the catch, in order that a reasonable annual catch
can be tried out and thus determine what the maximum production of
the fishery should be without depletion of the supply." As the 1937
legislature was being importuned to grant similar powers to the Com-
mission to save the sardine fishery from destruction, it was deemed
advisable not to ask the legislature for too much at one time. Sardines
being more important than mackerel at tlie time, no bill was pressed
on behalf of mackerel. As it happened, no legislation was obtained for
sardines, and it is doubtful if mackerel would have fared better.
In 1936 the mackerel catch dropped from the high mark of
146,427,000 pounds of the year before to 100,541,800 pounds and in
1937 dropped still further to 60,936,700 pounds. This falling off in
the mackerel catch has been in spite of a continued good market, a
higher price paid to fishermen and more boats engaged in the fishery.
In other words, an increased fisliing effort failed to hold the produc-
tion at its former level. In the meantime the work of the California
State Fisheries Laboratory has shown up other signs of depletion.
Fishermen and canners have realized that tlie mackerel can not stand
this heavy strain, and at the rp(|uest of the Commission voluntarily
agreed to observe a two-month's closed season in the spring of 1938,
which was scrupulously observed by all.
I recommend again that power be given the Commission by the
legislature to regulate or limit the catch of mackerel, as the best
method of managing this fishery.
CONSERVATION
The marine fisheries of California which annually produce com-
mercial fishery products valued at .$50,000,000 and support a sport fish-
ing industry of large proportions, have attained a plare among the
major industries of the State. Likewise, the fish along the coast of
California upon which this great industry depends constitutes one of
the State's most valuable resources.
It is amongst the duties of the Division to gain a sufficient knowl-
edge of the fisheries to formulate fisheries management polit-ies to safe-
guard the fisheries of the State and at tlie same time to yet the most
possible from the fishery resources, without reducing the breeding
stock below the point where the fishery will produce a continuous
and sustained yield.
The Division, through the Fish and C-ame Commission, can recom-
mend measures for the management of the fisheries which the legisla-
ture may enact into law. So far very few regulatory powers have
been given to the Commission. The Commission besides the authoritv
to employ assistants to gain the information upon which to manage the
fisheries, is charged with the duty of employing assistants to enforce
GO FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
the laws as passed by tlie legislature and to carry out sucii regulatory
powers as have been granted.
To facilitate this work, the Commission established the Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries. Its title has recently been changed to Bureau
of Marine Fisheries, and its field extended to include the marine sport
fisheries.
The enforcement of the commercial fisheries laws which at one
time w^as under the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was transferred
to the Bureau of Patrol and Law Enforcement, with the idea of
greater efficiency and economy. Under this arrangement a special
marine patrol has been established and toward which the Bureau of
Marine Fisheries acts in an advisory capacity as it is considered neces-
sary that the IMarine Fisheries Bureau be in close touch Avitli the
enforcement of the fisheries measures.
The principal duties of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries are there-
fore concerned with fisheries research, with the object of getting suf-
ficient knowledge for the proper management of the fisheries.
To carry out this work the Bureau from the time it was organ-
ized some twenty-five years ago began developing a fisheries research
staff which has grown in numbers but this growth has not been more
rapid than that of the fisheries themselves or the problems raised by
their rapid development. A laboratory and statistical building have
been built to accommodate this staff of workers. Ocean-going patrol
boats have been built and these have been equipped for carrying on
the necessary investigations at sea. A new vessel is now under con-
struction which will be used mainly for fisheries research work.
The cost of the research work and the marine patrol and law
enforcement, plus the Bureau's proportionate share of such other
activities as administration, fish culture, pollution, fish screens and
ladders, is entirely paid for from fees, licenses and fisheries taxes col-
lected from the marine fishing industries. The total cost of this work
is proportionately small as it amounts to less than one-half of one per
cent of the annual value of the commercial fishery products.
The research program for the management of fisheries, to be
effective, must be well planned and continuous. The research pro-
gram which is being followed is set forth in the following report of
the California State Fisheries Laboratory.
It is not enough that information be obtained upon which the
fisheries may be managed so as to get from them the greatest sustained
yield. This information must be used or it is effort largely wasted.
This applies with equal weight to the management of game and the
inland fisheries. Fish and game management has become a very
important enterprise rather highly developed and much of it rather
technical. Experience has shown that many of the problems of fish
and game management are not best decided by a legislature. What is
needed is a stable commission, free from political pressure and
upheavals, endowed with sufficient regulatory powers to adopt and
carry out those conservation measures which are based on technical
investigations.
THIRTY-FIFTH r?Ii:XNIAL REPORT 61
REPORT OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE
FISHERIES LABORATORY
By W. Li. ScoFiELD, Supervisor
The California State Fisheries Laboratorj^ established in 1917, has
followed continuously a "well planned and consistent policy for the past
twenty years. It is appropriate here to restate the policy with a brief
resume of the pro^'rara now in operation which is based upon it.
POLICY
The manag'ement policy of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries is
that of conservation, which means the fullest possible utilization con-
sistent with sustained yield. The goal sought in applying the policy is
to harvest each year the largest crop possible without reducing the
spawning stock for the future, which would thereby reduce future
yields. The maximum continuous crop possible for any stock is about
equal to the replacements spawned each season. The larger the breed-
ing stock the more replacements spawned, so it is evident that the
maximum continuous yield from a fishery is the annual increase from
a full spawning stock in the sea.
FUNCTION OF THE RESEARCH LABORATORY
The California State Fisheries Laboratory is established for the
purpose of supplying the administrative officers with the facts most
needed in the management of the State 's marine fisheries. In applying
the above management policy, four types of information are necessary:
1 . The present state of the supply of each species in order
to know whether or not any regulation of a fishery is needed.
2. Knowledge of the species and the fishery to determine
the kind and degree of regulatory measures needed.
;i Continuous observation of the fish supply to determine
the effectiveness of regulations already in operation.
4. Complete knowledge of the annual crop harvested.
With adequate knowledge of (1) the stock in the ocean, (2) replace-
ments surviving from spawnings, and (8) catch removed, it is possible
to so regulate the annual catch that a balance between catch and replace-
ments can be struck so as to maintain a full spa^vning stock to insure
future yields continuously. This is maximum utilization consistent
with sustained yield.
RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR ANY FISHERY
In any fishery, a research program designed to furnish the admin-
istrators with the necessary information would include :
1. Studies of the supply on hand.
62 FTRTT AND GAME COMMISSION
2. Knowledge of the species and fishery.
3. Continuous observation of abundance.
4. Catch statistics.
In applying this program, a piece of information gained does not
fit neatly into one of the four pigeonholes but usually applies to or is
useful in an understanding of more than one of the categories outlined.
Studies of the supply approximate a census by picturing relative
abundance from year to year by one or both of the following :
a. Return in catch per unit of fishing effort.
Involves character, amount and intensity of fishing effort.
b. Departures from normal proportion of size or age classes
in the fish population.
Studies of the species should determine :
a. One uniform population or more than one local race.
Racial studies
Migrations
Tagging
Sampling
b. Spawning.
Season, areas, intensity
c. Growth rate.
Age at sexual maturity
Mortality rate
d. Abundance of each entering age class.
A plan for continuous observation of abundance depends upon the
character of the fishery and knowledge of the species but is usually
a simplification of methods developed in the studies of relative
abundance.
Detailed catch statistics are basic in determining :
a. Crop harvested
b. Intensity of fishing effort
c. Population abundance
d. Balanced regulation of the fisherv
o'
Although catch statistics are mentioned last in the above outlin*^
actually an adequate system for gathering accurate catch records, not
only to show the total crop harvested but in sufficient detail to give
return per unit of effort, is the first point of attack in the study of any
fishery and for this reason the initiation of such a system was coinci-
dent with the establishment of the research laboratory.
PROBLEMS STUDIED
Such a research plan as outlined above requires several years of
intensive preliminary study as well as continuous observation of the
fishery, so obviously it could not be applied to all of the fisheries of
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 63
the State without the expenditure of more funds than are available.
For that reason the research program of the laboratory gives first
consideration to our four major fisheries :
1. Sardine
2. Mackerel
3. Tuna
4. Flatfishes
In addition to these four major problems, preliminary work is
being conducted in several of our less prominent fisheries, for example :
1. Oyster culture
2. Striped bass
3. Salmon
4. Marine sport catch
Secondary consideration is given to a variety of special studies
which usually are completed in a short time interval. These include the
gathering of information about our lesser fisheries and general data
desired by administrative officers and legislative committees. The diver-
sity of such studies is illustrated b,y the titles of reports and articles
published by the laboratory.
Sardine
Since the sardine fisherj^ has been the major concern of our research
program for years past, much of the preliminary work is already
accomplished and is not being continued. Most of the work now being
conducted is for the purpose of measuring changing abundance of age
classes as well as variation in abundance of the whole sardine popu-
lation. The sardine studies now being pursued ma.y be briefly outlined
as follows:
Supply
Egg and larvae studies
Distribution and concentration
Yearly measures of abundance
Immature fish
Distribution
Nursery grounds
Strength of each age class
Character and volume of the bait fishery
Adolescent and adult fish
Analysis of proportion of size classes
Boat catch analysis and scouting time
Yield from different fishing areas
Intensity of fishing measured by tag returns
Life-history of the species
Racial studies, especially vertebral counts on young fish
5—65726
64 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
]\Iigrations by
Sampling bait and commercial catch in different areas
Fish tagging
Spawning
Areas
Intensity
Larval drift
Growth
Size of maturity
Duration within range of commercial sizes
Rate of decline in abundance of each age class
The threatened collapse of this our most important fishery empha-
sizes the benefit of having at hand the accumulated knowledge of this
fishery and accentuates the need for strict regulation of future catches
based upon the accumulated research data.
Mackerel
The mackerel canning industry developed suddenly, late in 1928,
and in less than ten years the signs of depletion of the mackerel supply
had appeared. Biological studies have already yielded us much infor-
mation as to age and size composition of the catch, spawning season,
distribution, migrations and population replacements. The greatest
need, from an administrative standpoint, is some approximation of the
possible maximum sustained yield for this fishery and the present inves-
tigations therefore include :
1. Analysis of boat catches to show eifect of each year's catch upon
the supply.
2. Yield from each fishing area.
3. Estimates of amount of young fish replacements contributed by
each area.
4. Age composition and mortality rate of year classes in tlie pop-
ulation.
5. Migrations. Tagging to show dependence of each area upon
migrants from other regions.
6. Spawning. Extent and volume of eggs and larvae by areas.
7. Determination of the most feasible and effective method of regu-
lating the fishery to check the present over-utilization.
Tuna
The tuna fishery, involving at least five species, is scattered over
a fishing area extending soutlnvard to the Equator in which our boats
make catches for delivery to California canneries. Yellowfin and skip-
jack account for most of the cannerj* supplj- and these two species
are widely distributed whereas bluefin tuna are found locally off our
own coast. Albacore and bonito are handled in smaller quantities.
The key question in greatest need of solution and upon which
several other problems depend is whether we draw upon single migra-
tory populations or upon several localized and separated groups in the
THIRTY-FIFTPI BIENNIAL REPORT 65
various fishing areas. The answer to this question will affect other
biological work, such as studies of abundance, spawning and growth
rate. Our tuna program therefore includes the following investi-
gations :
Yellowfin tuna and skipjack
1. Measurements, counts and other morphological work on sam-
ples from different areas.
2. Tagging to determine migrations.
3. Collection of biological data for life-history studies.
4. Data to determine desirability of closed seasons and revision of
existing size limits.
5. Complete field investigation of the effects of various factors in
boat refrigeration of tuna.
Albacore, bonito and bluefin
1. Determine distribution and migrations.
2. Morphological studies for comparison with the species of Japan
and Hawaii.
Life-history studies.
Bottom Fish
As yet we have very incomplete knowledge of the life-history of
bottom fish (soles, flounders, sand dab, rockfishes, sablefish and Pacific
cultus) ; yet an outstanding accomplishment in these fisheries has been
the checking of the destructive fishing of small meshed trawl nets. This
has been accomplished by demonstrations which have resulted in the
adoption of modified nets of large mesh to allow escapement of
small fish.
Work is being continued to determine, for the population of each
species, the point in intensity of fishing which will give the maximum
sustained yield as well as the greatest economic return. The investi-
gations consist of:
1. Analysis of fishing intensity to measure changes in abundance.
2. Determination of age, growth rate and fecundities.
3. Extent of intermingling between geographical regions.
4. Measures of natural mortality rates and the effect of fishing
upon these rates.
Salmon
Our salmon runs have been reduced to a small fraction of their
former magnitude by the long continued operation of overfishing,
reduced spawning area resulting from power and irrigation develop-
ment, and destruction of seaward migrants in irrigation ditches. The
immediate administrative problem is to build back the runs, chiefly by
catch limitation, so that the breeding stock can be increased.
Investigations of the past have provided a great deal of the life-
history knowledge, such as growth rate, age and the parent stream
66 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
theorj', so that recent work has attempted to supply a basis for yieki
management for both king and silver salmon as follows :
1. Volume of present runs in each stream.
2. Contributions of each stream to the ocean catch.
3. Relation of existing and proposed stream obstructions to spawn-
ing areas.
4. Measurement of escapement at present and desirable for the
future, leading toward maximum sustained yield for each stream.
Striped Bass
Past work has supplied most of the needed biological knowledge,
with three minor exceptions noted below. The problem now is to man-
age the fishery so as to maintain the present high recreational value.
The investigative program is therefore planned as follows :
1. Further development of our sport catch records so as to meas-
ure changes in abundance.
2. Basis for regulation to maintain a high population level.
3. More complete knowledge of
a. Food habits
b. Migrations
c. Spawning areas and intensity
Oysters
Unlike most of our other fisheries, the need here is to develop the
industry in this State so the program for oysters is the collection of
essential biological information to aid in the establishment and main-
tenance of beds for the native, eastern and Japanese oysters. The
work involves :
1. Determinations of salinity, temperatures and pH, spat counts
and examination of gravid oysters to aid the industry when setting
out spat collectors.
2. Experiments with more efficient methods of spat collection.
3. Experimentation in establishment of a spa"OT^iing stock of Jap-
anese oysters in this State.
The oyster work has centered at Humboldt Bay, due to the assist-
ance rendered by Humboldt County, with some work conducted at
Elkhorn Slough and Drakes Estero.
Marine Sport Catch
The catch by marine anglers has grown to such magnitude that it
must be considered in population studies and management policy. Sev-
eral years ago preliminary data were gathered to try out a system of
recording this catch and fairly comprehensive figures have been col-
lected for the last three years, but the system should be extended and
improved and in some instances supplemented by more detailed rec-
ords as checks. The present program includes:
1. Collection and analysis of marine sport catch statistics as a
measure of population and fishing intensity.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL BEPORT 67
2. Comparison of commercial and sport catches for certain species
as an aid to measuring effectiveness of present or needed legislation.
3. Preliminary' records of salmon, shad and striped bass catches
in river and bay areas.
Statistics
Detailed statistics are the basis for the study and management of
our fisheries. In order to facilitate tabulation and to make available
the details of our fisheries data, the records since 1931 have been han-
dled by the system of punched cards. Monthly reports are prepared
for each of eight geographical regions of the State, showing species,
pounds, boat, dealer, price, locality of catch and point of delivery
segregated by :
1. Species.
2. Daily and monthly catch of each individual fishing boat.
3. Pounds of each species handled by each dealer.
4. Species and weights landed in each city.
In addition a cross-reference index is maintained for all fishing
vessels and the yearly records of boat registrations have been tabu-
lated. Other records, such as commercial fishing licenses issued, are
systematically filed at the laboratory.
The above activities have been organized into routine procedure
but in addition, most valuable assistance to the research and admin-
istrative work has been rendered by a variety of special reports made
up to meet a specific need, and the wealth of detailed information
made available by these special reports has justified the punched card
system for handling mass data.
The following examples illustrate the wide range of information
made available by these special reports :
1. Sardine boat catches for analysis of fishing effort.
2. Mackerel catches by type of boat for past years.
3. Tuna catches by boat type for each of the five species for past
and current years.
4. Bottom fish trawl catches from 1924 to date to show species of
flatfish and incidental catches of other species.
5. Rockfish catches and incidental species for selected areas.
6. Water area yield tables for the most important species.
7. Tabulations of marine sport catches by party boats, charter
boats, barges and from piers.
Since equipment and trained personnel were available, the statis-
tical department has been charged with the compilation and report-
ing of:
1. Hunting license applications and records of game kill.
2. Angling license applications and records of freshwater angling
catches.
3. Deer kill in the State.
68 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
4. U. S. Forest Service biological data on deer killed iu the national
forests of the State.
PUBLICATIONS
Progress and final reports are prepared on practically all work
done at the laboratory. Occasionally, typewritten reports are made
to the administrative officers bnt in most cases results are published for
distribution to the public. Reports are printed as bulletins or in the
form of special articles in :
1. Fish Bulletins
2. California Fish and Game (quarterly magazine)
3. California Conservationist
4. Trade journals or biological bulletins
During the past biennium, five Fish Bulletins have been issued
as follows:
No. 47. Interseasonal and intraseasoiial changes in size of the California
sardine (^ardinops caeriilea). Bv Frances N. Clark. 28 pp.
1936.
No. 48. Fishing localities for the California sardine, Sardinops caerulea,
1928-1930. By Frances N. Clark. 11 pp. 1937.
No. 49. The commercial fish catch of California for the year 193.5. By
the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. 170 pp. 1937.
No. 50. Sizes of California sardines caught in the different areas of the
the Monterey and San Pedro regions. By .T. B. Phillips. 31
pp. 1937.
No. 51. The high seas tuna fishery of California. By H. C. Godsil. 41
pp. 1938.
Articles and notes contributed l)y the laboratory staff for publi-
cation in "California Fish and Game" and other periodicals are:
California Fish and Game
Bon NOT, Paul
California sea lion census for 193G. vol. 23. pp. 108-112. 1937.
Report of the oyster investigation at Humholdt Bay for 193.5. vol. 22, pp.
284-293, 1936.
Report on the California oyster industiy for 1936. vol. 23. pp. 163-173, 1937.
Report on the California oyster industry for 1937. vol. 24, pp. 191-195, 19.38.
Setting and survival of spat of the Olympia oyster. Osfrra lurida, on upper and
lower horizontal surfaces, vol. 23, p]). 224-228, 19.37.
BoNNOT, Paul, and Phillips, .T. P..
Red water, its cause and occurrenci's. vol. 24, pi). 55-59. 1938.
Clark, Frances N.
Further notes on the jumbo s((uid. JJosidicus gifias. vol. 23, pp. 24(i-247, 1937.
(Jrunion in southern California, vol. 24, pp. 49-54, 1938.
Small sardines taken off Oregon, vol. 24. p. 71, 1938.
Snake eel, Ophichthus iriserialis, taken oft" San Pedro, vol. 23, p. 246, 1937.
Yield per area of the California sardine fishing grounds, 1935-1937. vol. 23,
lip. 307-309, 1937.
Clark, Frances N., and Croker, Richard S.
Has the closed area increased tlie Pismo clam poptdatiou? vol. 23. no. 2. pp.
161-162, 1937.
The Pismo clam in 1935. vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 249-250, 1936.
tiiirty-fiftit biennial report 69
Clark, G. H.
Cooperative tests on mesh size. vol. 22, no. 3, p. 248, 1936.
A second report on striped bass tagging, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 272-283, 193G.
Trawler catch, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 248-249, 1936.
Trawler investigations, station line. vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 247-248, 1936.
Weight and age determination of striped bass. vol. 24, pp. 176-177, 1938.
Conner, Geraldinp:
Change in presentation of fisheries statistics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 307-308, 1938.
Fish and game statistics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 113-118, 1937.
Croker, Richard S.
King salmon in southern California, 1936. vol. 22, no. 4. p. 323, 103(;.
Let's go fishing, vol. 24, pp. 280-287, 1938.
Alonterey Spanish mackerel taken at Long Beach, vol. 23, pp. 245-246, 1937.
Occurrence of mackerel-scad in southern California, vol. 23, pp. 331-333, 1937.
Fry, Donald H., Jr.
The changing abundance of the Pacific mackerel, Pneumatophorus diego, a pre-
liminary boat catch study, vol. 23. pp. 296-306, 1937.
Magnetic recovery of fish tags. vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 119-124, 1937.
A metal plankton net. vol. 23, pp. 329-330, 3937.
Tagging Pacific mackerel, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 125-131, 1937.
Trout fishing in southern California streams — instructions for the beginner,
vol. 24, pp. 84-117, 1938.
GoDSii,, Harry C.
Tuna tagging, vol. 24, pp. 245-250, 1938.
Jakssen, John F., Jr.
Air bubbles as a fish scare, vol. 24, pp. 295-296, 1938.
"Christmas trees" in the California sardine fishery, vol. 24, pp. 178-184. 1938.
First report of sardine tagging in California, vol. 23, pp. 190-204. 1937.
Northern recovery of California sardine tags. vol. 24, pp. 70-71, 1938.
Radio telephones on fishing boats, vol. 24. pp. 293-294, 1938.
Rubber floats for nets. vol. 24, p. 290, 1938.
Weight loss in barracuda during preparation for market, vol. 23, pp. 157-160.
1937.
Karmelich, Katheirine
California fish and game : author and subject indexes, volumes 1-20, inclusive.
1914-1934. vol. 22, no. 4, appendix, pp. 1-60, 1936.
A fisheries library and its uses. vol. 24, pp. 224-232, 1938.
Phillips, J. B.
Notes on sardine gear changes at Monterey, vol. 23, pp. 221-223, 1937.
Record mackerel taken at Monterey, vol. 23, p. 337, 1937.
RoEDEL, Phil M.
The 1937 Pismo clam census, vol. 24, pp. 196-197, 1938.
Tuna canning methods in California, vol. 24, pp. 251-272, 1938.
SCOFIELD, W. Iv.
Ocean sunfish in San Pablo Bay. vol. 23, p. 336, 1937.
An outline of fishing gear. vol. 24, pp. 185-190, 1938.
Sardine fishing fleet at Monterey, vol. 22, p. 250, 1936.
Sardine oil and our troubled waters, vol. 24, pp. 210-223, 1938.
A silver salmon at Los Coronados Islands, vol. 23, p. 245, 1937.
Tag recoveries from the first thousand sardines, vol. 24, pp. 69-70, 1938.
Voluntary closed season for mackerel canning, vol. 24, pp. 289-290, 1938.
TiBBY, Richard B.
The relation between surface water temperature and the distribution of sp.-iwn
of the California sardine, Sardinop.i cnerulca. vol. 23, pp. 132-137, 1937.
Study of ocean currents, vol. 23, pp. 175-176, 1937.
70 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
American Fisheries Society. Transactions
How California is measuring the angler's catch. By Richard S. Croker. vol.
GG (193G), pp. 301-30.-, 1937.
California Conservationist. (Department of Natural Resources, Sacramento)
The staff has contributed articles and notes to this monthly magazine. In addi-
tion, excerpts from "California Fish and Game" and "Fish Bulletins" have been
published in the "Conservationist."
Pacific Fisherman. (Seattle)
Sardine tagging in California. By John F. .Tanssen. .Tr. vol. 3.5, no. 7, June,
p. 43, 1937.
LIBRARY
The library occupies an important niche in the fisheries research
work of the Laboratory. Its collection of literature on marine biologi-
cal subjects, especially fish and fisheries, is not only of use to the purely
scientific person but also to the man eng-aged in commercial enterprises.
The number of people consulting the library is increasing constantly.
Perhaps in some cases it is the result of present economic conditions
which press men to investigate other fields of occupation with a view
of entering them if feasible.
Two methods of increasing the use of the library have been ini-
tiated. A list of the literature received during each month is compiled
and distributed to the employees of the Division stationed away from
headquarters. In this way they are informed of the current publi-
cations which are made available to them. The list is also supplied to
those not in the employ of the Division who have requested copies.
This was begun in 1987. A circulating library for the use of the
employees, especially the wardens, was started in 1938 and is meeting
with success in that it reaches those who have no adequate means of
securing books otherwise.
During the biennial period, 7037 pamphlets and 197 books were
added, making a total of 31,365 ])amphlets and 2102 bound volumes
in the library (June 30, 1938). In 1937, the library was enlarged to
take care of the increased number of volumes, accumulated over a period
of about twenty years, and additional shelving units were secured.
The libraiy now occupies practically the entire upper floor of the Lab-
oratory building.
PUBLIC TALKS
Members of the research staff, when called upon, give talks on
marine fisheries before nature clubs, service organizations and scien-
tific societies. During the biennium 75 such talks, including five radio
talks, were given by staff members.
ASSISTANCE BY THE BUREAU OF PATROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
The successful operation of our statistical system has depended
upon the field work of law enforcement officers of the Division of Fish
and Game, and the gathering of much of our biological data has been
possible only through the whole-hearted cooperation of these same offi-
cers. We are most deeply indebted to the men of the Marine Patrol
Detail, who have given us assistance far beyond the requirements of
mere cooperation and have cheerfully made our needs a part of their
own work.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 71
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION PROJECTS
During the biennium two WPA projects operated at Terminal
Island. One, now completed, was the erection of a 38x54 foot two-
story building, renovation of the biological and office buildings and
improvement of the grounds including grading, planting, sidewalks
and flagpole. The other is the continuation of a clerical and statistical
project begun several years ago in the early days of SERA, and we
gratefully acknowledge the very material aid given us by this federal
agency.
72 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF HYDRAULICS
By John Spencer, Chief
This past biennium has been a most active one for this Bureau.
"Work has materially increased, due to a number of factors and a slight
increase in personnel has been necessary.
The Bureau does considerable engineering work for other bureaus,
such as surveys, plans and estimates in connection with hatchery water
supplies, examination of proposed new sites, and other examinations ;
designs and investigations for the patrol and game conservation, and
such other work as can be done to better advantage by this Bureau.
On July 1, 1936, one of the personnel of this Bureau was assigned to
the work going forward on the Central Valley Hatchery and so con-
tinued until its completion.
The work on fishways has gone forward and a number of new ones
have been installed and placed in operation. Installations in place have
been checked, and wherever necessary arrangements have been made
for repairs or improvements.
The exceptional high waters throughout the State in 1937-1938
took out several dams and some of these will probably not be rebuilt.
In addition, it has been possible to effect the removal of a number of
other dams that have become obsolete. The removal of these dams very
materially improves stream conditions for migrating fish.
On the South Fork of the Eel River is a dam maintained by the
Benbow Company which has received cozisiderable attention from the
public and conservationists. IMuch of this adverse criticism had its ori-
gin during the early period of construction and use of this dam, and
unfortunately, the first concrete fishway was taken out by high waters,
due to the poor foundation work by the owners. A temporary fishway
was installed and fish, except for a slight delay, passed this barrier.
This was replaced by a reinforced concrete structure which has func-
tioned satisfactorily^
In addition, there has been built a second fishway on the opposite
side of the dam, and just recently a slight addition has been made with
the hope that this fishway will be more effective, though it is doubtful
if it can ever be classed as an entirely satisfactory one, as water regu-
lations may not be had and its location is not in the general line of
fish movement.
In years past the Fish Conservation Bureau has counted fish at
the original fishway, and plans provide for a more elaborate count in
the fall of 1938. The information thus obtained will without doubt
give considerable data as to the kind and number of fish moving up
beyond this barrier.
Every effort is expended to have fishways repaired or improved,
or new ones installed on dams where required, Avithout resorting to law.
In two eases, however, it was necessarv to invoke court action. One of
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 73
these was decided in favor of the Commission and the obstruction
removed. The other case is still pending.
Of the many adverse conditions affecting fish life in this State
the greatest undoubtedly is the passing of fish into the water diversions
and their ultimate destruction. This could in a very great measure be
prevented by the installation of proper fish screens at or near the head-
works of these diversions. This is a phase of the Commission's activi-
ties which has been before it for forty years, though accomplishment
has been limited as there has been an aversion by the water users to
the installation of necessary fish protection.
From 1933, to August, 1937, the fish screen law provided that the
cost of installation of fish screens be divided equally between the Com-
mission and the owners, the latter being responsible for the operation
and maintenance. The serious defect in this bill, however, was that
one-half the cost was to be advanced to the owner by the Commission
and there was no provision made wherebj^ the Commission could super-
vise or protect itself against poor or inefficient construction, with the
result tliat practically nothing was accomplished while this law was
in effect. The need for fish screen installation was recognized and it
appeared for a time that Federal aid would be received, but this did
not materialize and finally the writer entered into a cooperative
arrangement with the supervisors of the United States Forest Service
in seven of the forests. The Forest Service was to furnish labor and
transportation from the CCC camps, and this Commission would fur-
nish design and materials. Under this arrangement sixty-seven diver-
sions were selected by the forest supervisors for fish screen installations
and the material for such construction has been on the ground for
some time. Some screens have been installed, but due to a decreasing
personnel of the CCC camps, extremely heavy fire prevention work,
and other causes, progress has not been as rapid as hoped for under this
plan. I have been assured by the forest supervisors that they will con-
tinue on this work until the screen installations have been effected.
This cooperative arrangement has more significance than just the num-
ber of fish screens installed, as it directed attention to the need of fish
screens and was of general educational value. I desire to express my
appreciation for the cooperation and consideration received from the
personnel of the United States Forest Service.
In 1937 the legislature rewrote the fish screen law, and in brief,
the Commission may now install a fish screen on a water diversion
where it is required and bill tlie owner for one-half the cost ; provided,
that such installation may be made only after the Commission and the
owner have arrived at an agreement as to type, size, location, time of
construction, and cost, and failing to agree, the matter is referred to
the Chief of the Division of Water Resources, whose decision is final
and conclusive. This procedure may consume four months. In addi-
tion, an agreement must also be arrived at as to operation and mainte-
nance cost, and failing of agreement the matter is referred to the
Director of Finance for his final and conclusive decision. One-half of
the cost of operation and maintenance is borne by the Commission, the
bills being rendered by the owner of tlie diversion, with no check pro-
vided as to the correctness of the charge.
74 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
The exception to this law is that where the water is used for the
generation of electric energy the owner of the diversion pays the entire
cost of fish screen installation, operation and maintenance.
It appeared that this law was unsatisfactory and unworkable, and
the Commission adopted a policy whereby it would replace ineffective
screens heretofore installed. This was permitted under a section of the
fish screen law.
In December, 1937, I was authorized to proceed under this policy,
and on March 1, 1938, a crew started work in Siskiyou County. This
work is proceeding at the present time with one crew, and probably
best results will be obtained by confining the activities of this crew
in one section until the diversions in that section are screened and then
move to another location. This will avoid excessive travel and will
without doubt actually save more fish, as if one diversion is protected
and another is not on the same stream, the loss in the unprotected
diversion will without question be greater than that experienced up
to this time. Additional funds could be used to advantage to expedite
this work.
The two main types of fish screens being installed are a rotary
screen, operating counter-current wise and propelled l)y a M-ater power
wheel ; and the other, a parallel steel bar screen with a cleaning attach-
ment operated b}' a water power wheel. All screens installed are
placed within concrete structures and all are of substantial construction
and hence will last for many years, requiring the minimum of opera-
tion and maintenance expense. Experience to date shows these screens
require inspection only at rare intervals.
With respect to fish screens, there is pending a court action which
it is hoped M'ill be determined before the next legislative session, as
the decision in this case will unquestionably have an important bearing
on any future fish screen legislation. Briefly, the history of this case
is that the Commission ordered the Pacific Gas and Electric Company
to install a fish screen on the outlet of its Fuller Lake, in Nevada
County, and thus prevent fish from entering the penstock line to a
power house. Under the law the company would haA^e been required
to bear the entire cost of installation, as this water is used for the
generation of electricity. Extended negotiations were carried on but
no satisfactory agreement was reached, and on October 7, 1937, the
company filed an injunction proceeding in the Sacramento superior
court in an effort to restrain the Commission from enforcing its order
requiring a screen on the outlet from this lake. This matter was heard
and the superior court found for the company. I understand that an
appeal is to be taken by the Attorney General of the State on this
matter.
The Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior is
operating within this State in the construction of the Central Valleys
project. In the northern part of the State the Shasta Dam is being
constructed, and near Fresno the Friant Dam is in process. Connect-
ing canals and other features will have a very material effect on fish life.
Under consideration at the present time is the required fish protection
for the Contra Costa Canal, which will take water out of Rock Slough,
above Antioch. The maximum capacity of this canal is about 350
second feet. Fish protection has been accepted in principle, but the
TIIIRTY-FIFTII BIENNIAL REPORT 75
location, type, and other matters in connection with the protection
have not as yet been determined. It is hope that a satisfactory
arrang'ement will be arrived at.
The Bureau of Reclamation is also constructing the Boca Dam
on the Little Truckee River in Nevada County, the impounded waters
to be used in the State of Nevada. The fish protection for the outlet
on this dam has been arranged for and construction is in progress.
The work of the Bureau of Hydraulics is such that it affects indi-
viduals and companies using water throughout the State. Practically
all people recognize the importance of the State's waters and the users
jealously guard their rights. No structure placed in a diversion may
interfere Avith the Hoav of water or hinder the use thereof. Much of
the trouble that this Commission has had in the past with respect to
lishways and fish screens has been brought on by lack of understanding
as to the water user's viewpoint and needs. Beginning with the writer's
first emplojnnent with this Commission every effort has been made to
bring about a better understanding between the water user and the
Commission. It is felt that such improved relations may best be
realized by having the responsibilities in connection with the Bureau
work rest entireh^ in the chief in order that a well-defined policy may
be carried out ; and this will also reflect in more economical operations.
It is to be hoped that the conservationists concerned in the pro-
tection of fish life will interest and educate themselves in fishwaj^ and
fish screen matters, so that they in turn and with understanding will
realize the problems of the water users and this Commission and assist
in the consummation of better relations.
There is also a need for a more reasonable fish screen law. and it
appears that there is a realization that the sportsmen through their
agency, the Commission, will necessarily absorb in part, if not entirely,
the installation costs — with certain reservations as to special users of
water — and the responsibility for operation and maintenance, w^hich
will be materially less with good original construction resting upon the
owner and the water user.
76 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF LICENSES
By H. R. Dunbar, Chief
In the report submitted hy this bureau for the biennium of 1934-36,
statements were given showing the trend of the increase and decrease
of the fish and game revenue over a period of eight years. The income
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1937, amounted to $1,650,995.58,
an increase of $213,298.12. The greater portion of this increase was
made up from license sales.
The 1936 series of angling licenses brought in an income of $608,-
815.50, the largest sale of angling licenses in the history of the division
up to that time.
Hunting licenses and deer tag sales also showed a substantial
increase. To take care of this large sale of licenses, the division had
the law amended providing for license distribution so that now all
licenses are distributed direct to the various license agencies. Approx-
imately 3000 agencies are established throughout the State where
angling, hunting, and deer tag licenses may be obtained by the sports-
men. It is the plan of this bureau to increase this number, as we desire
to make it possible for the sportsmen to procure licenses wherever they
may need them.
On November 1, 1937, at the request of the State Department of
Finance, the accounts of all license agencies were transferred from the
offices of this bureau to the departmental accounting office. This trans-
fer permits the Bureau of Licenses to devote more time to the estab-
lishing of agencies, and contacting agencies already established, explain-
ing the various problems in connection with distribution and license
work, particularly the matter of obtaining statistical information on
the application as to the previous A^ear's take.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 77
STATISTICAL REPORTS
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME, STATEMENT OF REVENUE
For the Period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937, of the Eighty-eighth Fiscal Year
Revenue for the Fish and Game Preservation Fund, Current Year
License sales: Detail Total
Angling licenses, 1936 $441,686 50
Angling licenses, 1937 147,116 95
Conimercial hunting club licenses, 1936-1937 750 00
Commercial hunting club operators' licenses, 1936-1937 145 00
Deer tags, 1936 126,852 00
Deertags, 1937 2 00
Fish breeders' licenses, 1936 30 00
Fish breeders' licenses, 1937 340 00
Fish importers' licenses, 1936 5 00
Fish importers' licenses, 1937 80 00
Fish packers and wholesale shellfish dealers licenses, 1936-1937 1,130 00
Fishing party vessel permit, 1937 231 00
Fishing party vessel permit, 1936 59 00
Game breeders' licenses, 1936 120 00
Game breeders, 1937 1,075 00
Hunting licenses, 1934-1935 661 16
Hunting licenses, 1935-1936 19,851 00
Hunting licenses, 1936-1937 414,225 50
Hunting licenses, 1937-1938 60 00
Kelp licenses, 1936 10 00
Kelp licenses, 1937 20 00
Market fishermen's licenses, 1936-1937 41,760 00
Market fishermen's licenses, 1937-1938 32,690 00
Trapping licenses, 1936-1937 2,093 00
Totallicense sales $1,230,993 11
Other income:
Court fines ?63,094 02
Fish packers tax 317,052 19
Fish tag sales 2,727 54
Game tag sales 211 17
Importers' contributions 230 00
Interest on bank balances 6,086 10
Kelp tax 174 80
Lease of kelp beds 1,592 80
Miscellaneous sales 5,651 24
Publication sales 249 43
Salmon tax— Chap. 1015-35. 22,893 18
Total other income $419,962 47
Prior year revenue 87th fiscal year —
Publication sales. $45 74
$45 74
Total revenue for the Fish and Game Preservation Fund $1,651,001 32
Revenue for the General Fund^
Unclaimed checks and deposits 2 25
Grand total, all funds $1,651,003 57
78
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES
For the Period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937, of the Eighty-eighth Fiscal Year
Function
Salaries
and
wages
Materials
and
supplies
Service
and
expense
Property
and
equipment
Total
Operating Expenditures, Eighty-eighth
Fiscal Year
Administration:
Executive .... ...
$5,000 00
5,670 00
$5,000 00
9,109 33
4 148 39
General office ._
$1,701 34
4,148 39
1,623 86
364 27
$1,487 68
$250 31
Printing, general . ...
Printing Fish and Game Magazine. ...
1 623 86
Automobiles- -_ _
218 77
2,294 56
4,105 38
4,175 44
848 71
11,017 61
3,734 55
266 05
72 63
4,770 83
35 00
1,238 22
6,496 93
—7 78
583 04
Traveling. . _
2,294 56
Postage.. . . ..
4,105 38
4,175 44
848 71
Telephone and telegraph .
Freight, cartage and express ...
Rent
11,017 61
Accident and death claims ...
3 734 55
Departmental administration, pro rata .
12,233 95
1,650 00
12.500 00
Librarian
188 23
140 02
■> niifi Rs
Legal..
4,770 83
35 00
Premiums on bonds... . ... ...
Publicitv... . - .......
1,238 22
Pro rata General Fund expense, Chap. 923-33 _
6,496 93
Sales tax on sales .. .....
— 7 78
Temporary help _ ... ... . .
394 19
394 19
Total Administration. ... .... _
$24,948 14
$14,653 06
4,852 51
$8,026 09
$40,754 58
$390 33
$74,119 14
$14,653 06
Patrol and Law Enforcement:
Chief and assistants ... ... _
General office ..
$263 78
35,539 27
$49 22
15,114 81
50,603 89
793 17
2,498 33
2 73
876 48
S 72
1,092 37
7,305 93
63 48
$68 17
26,138 20
5,233 68
76,792 28
50,603 89
793 17
Automobiles. .
Traveling . ...
Postage.- ... . . ... .... ..
Telephone and telegraph ... .... .
2.498 33
Freight, cartage and express.. . .
2 73
Rent
876 48
Heat, light, water and power
8 72
Captains and wardens .. _ ...
205,685 86
9,986 44
645 37
11,801 14
115 41
23,510 43
207,539 01
52,603 94
63 48
Premiums on bonds
Temporary help
1,642 29
22,814 03
1,642 29
Assistant fish and game wardens, seasonal . . .
22,814 03
Total Patrol and Law Enforcement
Commercial Fisheries:
Chief and assistant . . .
$259,634 19
$10,440 00
8,419 11
$48,249 56
$78,409 13
$49,832 21
$436,125 09
$10,440 00
General office .. .
$46 24
680 17
$25 34
332 46
7,343 bl
829 90
223 92
151 51
623 19
$278 S3
623 15
8,769 52
1,635 78
7 343 61
Automobiles ... .
Travel
829 90
Freight, cartage and express ..
223 92
Rent
151 51
Heat, light, water and power
623 19
Research, oyster
2,280 00
30,062 42
66 59
2,361 55
327 33
30 38
1,353 29
2,346 59
Laboratory . _
1,712 52
2,375 69
36 512 IS
327 33
Cooperative Research
16,000 00
2,110 39
16,030 38
Statistics...
255 21
3,718 89
Temporary help .. .
897 09
1,050 00
897 09
Terminal Island grounds .
26 23
9 43
2,665 00
7 67
1,093 33
Fish cannery auditing .. _
2,665 00
Tntnl Gommercinl Fisherjps
$53,148 62
$6,865 81
4,838 12
$4,891 78
$4 53
12 26
10,793 10
$32,027 27
$3,540 55
$93,608 22
Fish Conservation:
Chief and assistant.. . .
$6,870 34
General office. . ..
$13 15
4,397 27
10,062 47
184 34
1,192 66
573 90
1,875 49
2,338 32
309 17
1,754 77
943 50
962 64
6 85
$22 19
5,896 31
4 885 72
Automobiles
21,086 68
10,062 47
Travel.
Postage ..-..-
184 34
Telephone and telegraph . . .
1,192 66
Freight, cartage and express
573 90
Rent
1,875 49
Heat, light, water and power
2,338 32
Research (oyster) _
105 51
605 69
59,258 10
1 44
82 03
583 50
1,079 29
496 71
Fish planting
2,943 90
Hatcheries
109,402 08
1,800 00
170,682 97
2,764 08
Blueprinting
6 85
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
79
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES— Continued
For the Period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937, of the Eighty-eighth Fiscal Year
Fuiictlon
Salaries
and
wages
Materials
and
supplies
Service
and
expense
Property
and
equipment
Total
Fish Conservation — Continued
$2,203 23
1,598 71
1,093 69
13,880 00
1,920 00
32,670 06
$191 13
77
$180 14
1,122 99
$21 33
$2,655 83
Statistical
2,722 47
Tpmnnrarv hplri
1,093 69
88 67
41
10 71
25 50
11 49
13,990 87
1,945 91
Assistant fish and game wardens — seasonal —
32,670 06
$176,331 70
$7,677 96
1,920 00
$71,061 61
$25,953 87
$7,696 14
$281,043 32
Hydraulics:
$7,677 96
General office
$72 78
364 58
$5 86
87 20
2,287 32
1 20
72 45
$26 32
10 97
2,024 96
462 75
Travplinff
2,287 32
1 20
1 65
74 10
84 64
84 64
$9,682 60
$16,033 29
4,035 00
$439 01
$2,454 03
$37 29
$12,612 93
Game Conservation:
$16,033 29
$99 72
2,053 20
$27 60
714 80
4,538 34
418 33
131 13
3,333 91
560 40
1,101 20
$36 77
2,623 14
4,199 09
5,391 14
Travpjinp"
4,538 34
418 33
131 13
3,333 91
12,098 97
758 87
8,486 46
4,358 00
17,104 18
1 22
3,039 09
32,802 64
Statistics
1,861 29
8,486 46
Maintenance of same refuses
2,308 39
751 70
705 52
8,123 61
$45,770 59
$14,850 00
$21,566 71
$923 50
3,466 93
$11,577 41
$215 60
$6,404 52
$27 16
$85,319 23
Licenses:
General office -- - --
$16,016 26
3,466 93
384 27
1,136 13
43 39
1,253 67
384 27
1,136 13
43 39
1,253 67
THpntifipation license buttons
9,657 21
9,657 21
54,993 46
54,993 46
$14,850 00
$40 00
$14,047 64
$117 37
$58,026 52
$1,200 00
$27 16
$86,951 32
Special Item:
State Fair and other exhibits (payable from
$1,357 37
Total eighty-eighth fiscal year expense
paid from support appropriations
Prior year, eighty-seventh fiscal year for support.
$584,405 84
$168,399 77
$250,402 81
$67,928 20
$1,071,136 62
54 34
Total eighty-seventh and eighty-eighth fiscal
vpar<; for siionort
$1,071,190 96
Special Items:
Predatory Animal Control:
Eighty-eighth fiscal year:
Phipf and assistant
$3,700 00
897 72
$3,700 00
GpTipral officp
$25 00
650 87
922 72
$3,321 63
$964 67
3,152 36
6,354 99
4,937 17
3,152 36
20,765 76
6,000 00
1,420 37
15 14
28,556 26
Predatory animal hunters and trappers,
6,000 00
4 65
4 65
Total eighty-eighth fiscal year
$31,363 48
$4,742 00
$10,476 67
$691 01
$47,273 16
Total expenditures, eighty-seventh and eighty-
eighth fiscal years - --
$1,118,464 12
6—65726
80
FISH AND GAME COi\I MISSION
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES-Continued
For the Period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937, of the Eighty-eighth Fiscal Year
Function
Salaries
and
wages
Materials
and
supplies
Service
and
expense
Property
and
equipment
Total
Expenditures for Additions and Betterments:
Permanent Improvements:
Purchase of game refuges and public shoot-
ing grounds, and C. I. E. Chapter 341-35-.
Contribution to Employees' Retirement Sys-
tem, eiffhtv-eiehth fiscal vear
$16,094 67
$26,221 94
$S,729 14
$18,596 26
$69,642 01
17,035 24
Total current biennium
$1,205,141 37
Special Items:
Construction of Russian River jetties. Chap-
ter 989-33:
Eighty-eighth fiscal year
$215 25
1 50
$215 25
California Code Commission, Chap. 645-33
1 50
Total operating expenditures, eighty-eighth
$216 75
$216 75
Grand totals -
$1,205,358 12
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
81
REPORTS
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME, STATEMENT OF REVENUE
For the Period July 1, 1937, to June 30. 1938, of the Eighty-ninth Fiscal Year
Revenue for the Fish and Game Preservation Fund, Current Year
License sales: Detail Total
Hunting, 1936-1937 ._. $20,000 50
Hunting, 1937-1938 418,934 53
Hunting, 1938-1939 .--. 142 00
Angling, 1937 391,848 35
Angling, 1938 237,733 19
Trapping, 1937-1938 2,574 00
Trapping, 1938-1939 --. 3 00
Deertags. 1937 _ 124,109 68
Deertags, 1938 80 00
Market fisherman, 1937-1938 _. 45,020 00
Market fisherman, 1938-1939 25,380 00
Game breeders, 1937 117 50
Game breeders, 1938 982 50
Fish breeders, 1937— 40 00
Fish breeders, 1938 355 00
Fish importers, 1937 20 00
Fish importers, 1938 95 00
Fish packers and wholesale shellfish dealers, 1937-1938 __ 1,070 00
Fish packers and wholesale shellfish dealers, 1938-1939 30 00
Kelp license, 1937 20 00
Kelp license, 1938 20 00
Commercial hunting club, 1937-1938-. 900 00
Commercial hunting club operator, 1937-1938 280 00
Fishing party boat permit, 1937 __. 186 00
Fishing party boat permit, 1938 377 00
Fish tags 3,815 97
Game tags 243 41
Total license revenue $1,274,377 63
Other revenue:
Fish packers tax __. $237,688 40
Salmon packers tax ._ 37,284 65
Kelp tax _ 253 45
Lease of kelp beds 1,666 36
Court fines 42,212 25
Interest on bank balances 712 73
Publication sales 15 01
Other miscellaneous sales _ 5,285 45
Total other revenue $325,118 30
Total revenue Fish and Game Preservation Fund $1,599,495 93
82
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES
For the Period July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938, of the Eighty-ninth Fiscal Year
Function
Operating Expenditures, EioHTr-NiNTH
Fiscal Year
Administration:
Accident and death claims
Cashier _
Executive
Exhibits
General office
Lepal
Library
Property inspection
Pro rata department administration
Prorata General Fund expense
Publicity
Total Administration.
Patrol and Law Enforcement:
Cannery inspection
Executive
General office
Junior patrol
Land patrol
Marine patrol
Pollution patrol
Total, Patrol and Law Enforcement.
Marine Fisheries:
Executive
Field supervision
Fish cannery auditing..
General office
Research and statistics.
Total Marine Fisheries.
Fish Conservation:
Cooperative Research, Stanford University.
Executive
Field supervision
Fish planting
Fish rescue
General office
Pollution inspection
Research
Statistical
Alpine
Basin Creek
Bear Lake Egg Collecting Station
Beaver Creek Egg Collecting Station
Beaver Creek
Big Creek
Blackwood
Blue Lakes Egg Collecting Station
Bogus Creek Egg Collecting Station
Brookdale
Burney Creek Hatchery
Carmen Lake Egg Collecting Station
Central Valleys _.
Cold Creek
Cottonwood Lakes Egg Collecting Station..
Deep Creek Egg Collecting Station
Fall Creek Egg Collecting Station
Fall Creek
Feather River
Fern Creek
Fishing Creek Experiment Station
Forest Home
Fort Seward
Hat Creek Egg Collecting Station
Hornbrook Egg Collecting Station
Hot Creek Hatchery
Salaries
and
wages
$1,200 00
5,000 00
7,523 38
1,800 00
741 33
10,000 00
$26,264 71
$17,403 27
14,220 00
5,947 80
2,626 02
191,731 55
52,800 61
7,047 52
$291,776 77
$7,320 00
3,200 00
8,555 50
40,512 68
$59,588 27
$3,869 67
6,460 00
10,059 15
2,683 87
5,407 85
4,756 40
3,120 00
2,142 10
2,280 00
1,313 04
4,690 42
433 87
250 00
148 55
3,331 67
302 81
590 00
407 09
3,285 32
5,500 09
312 00
3,565 14
2,492 27
263 04
200 00
6,178 55
4,048 21
1,667 89
358 06
10,754 02
4,294 71
130 00
243 84
2,928 56
Materials
and
supplies
$233 08
6,399 93
43 23
35 27
5,711 51
$1,009 04
874 22
940 25
330 04
37,471 22
20,210 59
1,917 47
$62,752 83
$185 85
353 72
142 30
5,870 99
$6,552 86
$2S9 43
235 61
1,307 04
1,418 54
561 22
1,003 86
390 87
404 47
105 54
729 68
2,532 17
105 47
46 90
2,600 55
218 39
7 08
79 94
1,846 21
3,369 62
2 24
1,544 46
1,807 59
43 05
29 21
5,002 96
2,063 92
373 61
22 25
9,385 21
1,210 22
113 98
58 63
2,455 29
Service
and
expense
$2,255 29
3,352 10
1,200 00
19,748 61
6,894 17
143 15
137 29
6,000 00
9,990 89
2,035 88
$51,757 38
$2,740 14
2,634 29
1,947 08
677 64
64,147 88
33,517 21
4,122 47
$109,786 71
$503 21
1,894 81
2,697 46
924 85
11,275 58
Property
and
equipment
$919 13
"52i'2i"
696 69
818 44
$2,955 47
$266 48
680 81
1,031 32
35,203 03
17,786 67
738 10
$17,295 91
$804 04
602 22
3,788 47
1,970 42
1,507 10
55 84
763 87
1,004 08
1,050 50
304 26
440 69
29 80
75 00
8 58
326 80
1 00
16 00
177 10
438 10
885 77
10 43
1,913 70
617 71
75 23
85 00
256 99
500 73
62 97
155 31
3,049 02
156 55
112 97
194 10
$55,706 41
$791 69
297 54
2,834 75
$3,923 98
$696 82
1,026 58
3,123 86
4,334 24
2,179 29
452 27
38 56
428 46
109 09
550 65
568 04
557 36
"m"5~5
19 78
611 62
2,202 68
579 48
6 06
247 05
293 39
708 72
20 77
14 32
Total
$2,255 29
1,200 00
9,504 31
1,200 00
34,193 13
6,894 17
2,683 07
1,732 33
16,000 00
9,990 89
2,035 88
$87,689 07
$21,418 93
18,409 32
9,866 45
3,633 70
328,553 68
124,315 08
13,825 56
$520,022 72
$8,800 75
5,448 53
2,697 46
9,920 28
60,494 00
$87,361 02
$5,659 96
8,324 41
18,278 52
10,407 07
9,655 46
6,268 37
4,313 30
3,979 11
3,545 13
2,897 63
8,231 32
569 14
325 00
204 03
6,816 38
522 20
718 63
664 13
5,589 41
10,367 10
324 67
9,225 98
5,497 05
381 32
200 00
114 21
11,444 56
6,859 91
2,104 47
535 62
23,481 64
6,370 20
243 98
436 21
5,592 27
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
83
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES-Continued
For the Period July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938, of the Eighty-ninth Fiscal Year
Function
Salaries
and
wages
Materials
and
supplies
Service
and
expense
Property
and
equipment
Total
Fish Conservation — Continued
Huntington Lake - _ ,- --
$731 99
$594 20
$256 76
3 96
1,175 OS
1,336 25
321 76
$30 18
$1,613 13
June Lake Egg Collecting Station. ..
3 96
Kaweah
4,583 23
4,257 61
1,412 91
2,015 94
1,327 01
121 48
8 44
2,077 00
18 94
150 32
47 87
12 21
7.924 57
Kings River Hatchery . -.
6,968 74
Klamathon Egg Collecting Station
1,868 36
8 44
Lake Almanor
5,989 13
1,007 02
167 22
9,240 37
Lake Eleanor Egg Collecting Station
18 94
Little Walker Lake Egg Collecting Station
Madera
259 03
1,170 00
713 17
1,061 29
28,990 38
1,705 65
11,012 85
259 49
325 00
5,528 15
511 21
8 00
1,500 00
456 00
152 00
853 54
2,305 61
5,730 35
259 03
697 22
4 79
619 29
17,345 83
1,509 42
4,474 64
17 97
4 81
1.659 84
49 81
128 72
140 40
36 55
94 74
150 33
257 91
1.959 63
326 41
56 90
33 59
2,915 92
100 52
2,329 00
3 00
17 25
557 18
11 02
2,204 65
Marlette Lake Egg Collecting Station
774 86
Mt. Shasta Experiment Hatchery . .
1,714 17
Mount Shasta
235 65
49,487 78
Mount Tallac . _ . ..
3,315 59
Mount Whitney
882 21
4 50
18,698 70
Mud Creek Egg Collecting Station
284 96
Pasadena Reservoir Egg Collecting Station
Prairie Creek
347 06
640 09
8,385 26
Rush Creek Egg Collecting Station
561 02
San Lorenzo Egg Collecting Station
1 00
148 25
70 00
184 20
49 23
223 02
677 48
137 72
Scott Creek
1,788 65
Shackleford Creek Egg Collecting Station
Shasta River Experiment Station
562 55
430 94
Shasta River Egg Collecting Station
6 64
19 68
895 66
1,059 74
Snow Mountain Egg Collecting Station.
Tahoe
2,806 22
9.263 12
Taylor Creek Egg Collecting Station
Upper Truckee Egg Collecting Station..
Waddell Creek Station
254 84
831 94
402 53
3,926 25
3,176 64
48 34
31 24
54 35
1,388 35
1,252 10
303 18
53 09
2 40
313 47
318 02
21 95
938 22
Warner Creek Station
459 28
Yosemite
155 83
3 12
5,783 90
Yuba River ...
4,749 88
Total Fish Conservation. . . . ..
S186,576 98
$4,911 43
4,140 00
3,449 16
1,920 00
$79,454 50
$652 56
348 52
3.145 28
93 43
$33,921 11
$1,965 65
857 49
130 28
158 86
$22,158 79
$1,571 77
623 41
3,684 25
201 16
$322,111 38
Hydraulics:
Engineering
$9,101 41
Executive
5,969 42
Fish screens .
10,408 97
General office
2,373 45
Total Hydraulics. .
$14,420 59
$2,176 32
12.122 50
$4,239 79
$407 45
979 54
$3,112 28
$539 33
2,334 68
$6,080 59
$180 12
578 03
17 06
734 65
$27,853 25
Game Conservation:
Elk refuge
$3,303 22
Executive
16,014 75
Field. .
17 06
Game bird distribution .
800 00
3,166 56
56 95
152 31
1,547 34
367 46
585 25
6,644 53
5.018 98
74 22
57 97
742 68
475 12
11.075 72
1,114 27
5,815 48
Game bird trapping
56 95
General office . .
4,278 89
3,880 00
1,895 16
3,111 10
14,732 39
31,771 73
496 43
1,412 74
2,151 77
28 45
1.994 19
86 13
632 50
2,825 56
14,332 33
295 57
1,103 37
523 54
" 103 06
1,155 36
492 26
633 39
2,439 73
2,472 05
718 05
4,562 71
Grey Lodge refuge.. .
8,576 89
Imperial refuge
2,841 01
Los Banos refuge .. . .
4,962 24
Los Serranos game farm .
26.642 21
Predatory animal control
53,595 09
Research .
1,584 27
Statistics . ..
2,574 08
Suisun refuge
132 00
3,549 99
Winter feeding and salting of game
475 12
Yountville game farm
16,836 55
4.281 75
1.735 07
33,929 09
Total Game Conservation
$95,665 58
$3,300 00
1,543 67
10,987 63
$31,352 08
$60 43
171 22
17.856 78
$30,091 67
$168 68
1.828 99
60.973 23
$11,390 83
$1,071 20
4,172 24
355 15
$168,500 16
Licenses:
Executive
$4,600 31
General office
7,716 12
License distribution
90.172 79
Total Licenses
$15,831 30
$18,088 43
$62,970 90
$5,598 59
$102,489 22
84
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES— Continued
For the Period July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938, of the Eighty-ninth Fiscal Year
Function
Salaries
and
wages
Materials
and
supplies
Service
and
expense
Property
and
equipment
Total
Special Items:
Cons, of research boat
$37,804 00
$37,804 00
Improvement of office, Ferry Bldg., San Fran-
cisco
$25,000 00
25,000 00
Total Special Items...
$25,000 00
$37,804 00
$62,804 00
Total 89th fiscal year expenses paid from
Support appropriations.
$137,830 82
Claim of Chief Accounting Officer, Dept. of
Finance, Ch. 772-37 .
3,293 65
Expenditures for Additions and Betterments:
Permanent Improvements:
Piu-chase of game refuges and public shoot-
ing grounds and C. I. E., Ch. 157-37
Contributions to Employees' Retirement Sys-
tem
S3,603 09
$8,968 02
$2,036 29
$1,690 85
$16,298 25
23,948 80
Total current hiennintn
$1,422,371 52
S9th fiscal year:
Special Item: Expenses of California Code
rnmmissinn, Ch. fi4.T-3.'?
SO 37
$53 57
106 50
$0 37
Support:
Eighty-eighth fiscal year. .
Eighty-fifth fiscal year
Total Support
$160 07
Special Item: Predatory animal control, 85th
—$106 50
—$106 50
$53 94
Grand total
$1,422,425 46
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
ANGLING LICENSE SALES, YEAR 1936
85
County
Alameda
Alpine
Amador
Butte
Calaveras
Colusa
Contra Costa
Del Norte. .,._.
El Dorado
Fresno
Glenn
Humboldt
Imperial
Inyo
Kern
Kings
Lake.-. __.
Lassen
Los Angeles
Madera
Marin. _._.
Mariposa
Mendocino
Merced
Modoc
Mono
Monterey
Napa
Nevada
Orange
Placer
Plumas
Riverside
Sacramento
San Benito
San Bernardino..
San Diego
San Francisco
San Joaquin
San Luis Obispo .
San Mateo
Santa Barbara...
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Shasta
Sierra
Siskiyou
Solano
Sonoma
Stanislaus
Sutter
Tehama
Trinity
Tulare
Tuolumne..
Ventura
Yolo
Yuba
Total
351,967 00
61-5 50
2,075 00
7,328 50
1,380 50
1,274 00
14,011 50
4,299 50
4,124 50
18,444 00
1,289 00
10,804 00
944 00
7,061 00
8,536 50
2,035 50
1,762 50
2,t43 50
142,319 00
3,088 00
7,313 00
3,146 00
5,749 50
3,432 00
1,862 00
11,470 00
6,342 50
4,695 00
6,158 50
13,016 00
5,280 50
5,994 50
5,769 00
23,443 50
1,006 50
13,613 00
20,047 00
50,223 00
16,232 00
9,818 50
4,767 00
7,121 50
14,612 50
7,143 00
5,789 50
1,423 00
8,379 00
10,162 00
ll,g£0 00
7,742 00
1,187 00
2,710 00
1,132 00
7,789 50
3,783 50
5,919 00
2,604 00
3,356 00
Citizen
Totals
Number of licenses.
$608,515 50
.■:oo,6ii
$51,070 00
2i,8 00
2,048 00
7,266 00
1,372 00
1,268 00
13,670 00
3,820 00
4,058 00
18,226 00
1,276 00
10,726 00
944 00
6,866 00
8,528 00
1,976 00
1,748 00
2,850 00
139,048 00
3,o:o 00
7,064 00
2,i80 00
5,6! 4 00
3,378 00
1,828 00
6,476 00
5,882 00
4,(02 00
5,372 00
12,(44 00
5,136 00
5,666 00
5,706 00
20,936 00
960 00
13,564 00
19,6f2 00
48,(50 00
15,648 00
9,668 00
4,5( 4 00
7,058 00
14,170 00
6,816 00
5,6(6 00
1,248 00
7,686 00
9,772 00
11,706 00
7,632 00
1,146 00
2,700 00
1,126 00
7,652 00
3,756 00
5,878 00
2,524 00
3,Hj6 00
$586,660 00
293,330
Duplicate
$29 00
2 50
2 00
10 50
50
1 00
11 50
6 50
7 50
18 00
4 00
6 00
11 00
8 50
4 50
2 50
5 50
186 00
3 00
11 00
5 00
6 50
4 00
1 00
4 00
12 50
15 00
9 50
6 00
5 50
17 50
5 00
108 50
1 50
3 00
14 00
233 00
10 00
9 50
3 00
2 50
13 50
13 00
6 50
3 00
9 00
20 00
20 00
14 00
3 00
7 00
3 00
6 50
4 50
1 00
2 00
4 00
Non-resident
$537 50
1,875
$78 00
225 00
12 00
3 00
15 00
438 00
24 00
15 00
9 00
57 00
144 00
12 00
48 00
225 00
18 00
141 00
24 00
15 00
33 00
4,965 00
3 00
3 00
597 00
21 00
69 00
201 00
3 00
84 00
21 00
186 00
f 0 00
24 00
6 00
21 00
9 00
9 00
42 00
162 00
309 GO
39 00
21 00
3 00
3 00
3 00
36 00
3 00
3 GO
6 00
Alien
$790 00
170 00
25 00
40 00
5 00
5 00
315 00
35 00
35 00
185 00
'"l5 00
"40 00
""'"5500
""'"4600
2,860 00
15 00
130 00
20 00
25 00
35 00
""2506
445 00
75 00
180 00
45 00
70 00
80 00
55 00
2,315 00
45 00
25 00
155 00
(i50 00
550 00
135 00
170 00
40 00
420 00
305 00
45 00
10 00
375 00
370 00
225 00
75 00
35 00
95 00
20 00
40 00
75 00
150 00
8,478 00
2,826
$12,440 00
2,580
86
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
ANGLING LICENSE SALES, YEAR 1937
County
Total
Citizen
Duplicate
Non-resident
Alien
Alameda
855,157 00
671 50
2,074 50
7,665 00
1,502 50
1,318 00
15,831 50
3,853 50
4,488 00
18,049 50
1,298 00
12.167 50
1,240 00
4,152 50
9,560 50
2,511 50
1,788 00
3,460 00
141,302 50
3,125 50
8,397 00
2,744 00
6,211 00
3,802 50
1,872 00
8,050 50
7,034 50
5,213 50
6,598 50
11,841 00
5,652 00
6,557 00
6,927 00
26,184 50
1,359 50
12,745 50
21,537 50
59,459 50
17,868 00
7,755 00
6,430 00
6,016 50
16,151 50
7,245 50
5,837 50
1,367 50
8,219 00
12,092 50
13,417 50
8,810 00
1,830 50
2,850 50
1,179 50
7,445 50
4,203 00
5,488 50
2,572 00
3,890 00
2,937 00
136 00
854,794 00
358 00
2,064 00
7,576 00
1,486 00
1,276 00
15,414 00
3,436 00
4,368 00
17,662 00
1,236 00
11,920 00
1,240 00
3,946 00
9,492 00
2,444 00
1,774 00
3,280 00
140,224 00
3,084 00
8,164 00
2,682 00
6,156 00
3,742 00
1,842 00
6,312 00
6,522 00
5,164 00
5,550 00
11,768 00
5,480 00
6,078 00
6,844 00
23,342 00
1,300 00
12,692 00
20,646 00
57,118 00
17,080 00
7,584 00
6,238 00
5,800 00
15,704 00
6,744 00
5,740 00
1,318 00
7,562 00
11,600 00
13,124 00
8 714 00
1,742 00
2,832 00
1,168 00
7,352 00
4,134 00
5,484 00
2,490 00
3,800 00
S39 00
50
50
6 00
50
2 00
18 50
2 50
5 00
11 50
1 00
7 50
869 00
303 00
8255 00
Alpine
10 00
Amador .......
10 00
Butte.. .-
33 00
6 00
15 00
24 00
375 00
90 00
21 00
36 00
150 00
50 00
Calaveras
10 00
Colusa
25 00
Contra Costa -..
375 00
Del Norte . ..
40 00
El Dorado
25 00
Fresno
355 00
Glenn ... . ..
25 00
Humboldt ...... ... ..
90 00
Imperial
Inyo
4 50
4 50
2 50
1 00
3 50
23 50
1 00
2 00
5 00
4 00
2 50
177 00
24 00
15 00
3 00
102 00
345 00
15 00
81 00
27 00
6 00
33 00
30 00
1,683 00
15 00
9 00
906 00
33 00
75 00
300 00
12 00
25 00
Kern
40 00
Kings - ...
50 00
Lake .. ..
10 00
Lassen..
75 00
Los Angeles.. .
710 00
Madera _ ... ..
25 00
Marin. .
150 00
Mariposa... ...
30 00
Mendocino . . ...
45 00
Merced-
25 00
Modoc .. . . . -
Mono . .
5 50
7 50
10 50
7 50
------
29 00
1 00
27 50
3 50
4 50
13 50
13 50
20 00
6 00
2 00
1 50
11 50
4 50
5 50
1 50
2 00
17 50
22 50
16 00
3 50
3 50
3 50
3 50
7 00
4 50
2 00
3 00
50 00
Monterey
490 00
Napa ..-___..
30 00
Nevada . . ... ._ _.
135 00
Orange..
40 00
Placer. .. . .
85 00
Plumas
Riverside.. ... . ..
150 00
70 00
Sacramento . . .
2,815 00
San Benito .. .. ._ ... ......
6 00
24 00
243 00
168 00
18 00
15 00
15 00
15 00
6 00
42 00
42 00
18 00
330 00
50 00
25 00
San Diego. .... ....
635 00
San Francisco . ... . .
2,160 00
San Joaquin .. .. _. ... ...
750 00
San Luis Obispo . . .
150 00
San Mateo.
175 00
200 00
Santa Clara . . .
430 00
Santa Cruz ._ ...
455 00
Shasta.
50 00
30 00
Siskiyou
325 00
475 00
Sonoma .
21 00
30 00
250 00
50 00
Sutter
85 00
Tehama.. .. .. ... . _
15 00
3 00
15 00
27 00
Trinity
5 00
75 00
Tuolumne . .
35 00
Yolo .
15 00
12 00
2,937 00
36 00
65 00
Yuba
75 00
State of Nevada
State of Oregon . .....
100 00
Totals - -
§637,147 00
313,819
$614,786 00
307,393
S425 00
850
89,066 00
3,022
812,870 00
2,554
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
HUNTING LICENSE SALES, SERIES 1936-1937
87
Counties
Total
Citizen
Junior
citizen
Duplicate
Non-
resident
Alien
Declarant
alien
Alameda . ...
$17,578 00
177 00
2,187 00
8,345 50
1,317 50
3,347 00
G,230 00
1,050 00
2,764 50
17,828 00
3,867 50
8,842 50
3,777 00
2,086 50
13,477 00
3,310 50
2,930 50
4,377 00
81,651 00
2,391 50
3,279 50
720 50
6.103 00
5,627 50
4,137 00
2,639 00
8,848 00
4,646 00
4,326 50
6,237 00
4,810 00
3,703 00
7,079 50
16,070 00
2,566 00
7,650 00
12,788 50
24,053 50
10,347 50
7,635 50
4,506 50
8,135 50
11,813 00
6,054 00
5,389 50
1,007 50
12,086 00
5,440 50
10,075 00
7,272 50
1,306 00
3,802 50
1,068 50
9,572 00
2.104 00
5,416 50
4,350 00
4,052 50
$16,622 00
94 00
1,974 00
7,694 00
1,264 00
3,072 00
5,880 00
908 00
2,640 00
16,452 00
3,454 00
8,272 00
3,452 00
1,924 00
12,742 00
3,060 00
2,714 00
3,992 00
78,170 00
2,226 00
2,978 00
688 00
5,634 00
5,028 00
3,270 00
1,084 00
7,838 00
4,090 00
3,648 00
5,854 00
4,270 00
3,474 00
6,582 00
14,516 00
2,286 00
7,240 00
11,884 00
22,310 00
9,634 00
6,948 00
4,150 00
7,396 00
10,844 00
5,282 00
5,236 00
952 00
8,484 00
5,148 00
9,150 00
6,522 00
1,210 00
3,580 00
1,030 00
8,872 00
1,978 00
5,242 00
3,958 00
3,728 00
$752 00
3 00
154 00
651 00
53 00
254 00
296 00
64 00
119 00
1,250 00
370 00
473 00
325 00
120 00
708 00
224 00
214 00
229 00
2,872 00
137 00
238 00
29 00
383 00
523 00
217 00
5 00
527 00
397 00
141 00
378 00
414 00
162 00
484 00
1,009 00
255 00
403 00
771 00
591 00
580 00
627 00
277 00
668 00
734 00
416 00
107 00
55 00
467 00
284 00
737 00
650 00
91 00
216 00
36 00
683 00
83 00
171 00
357 00
297 00
$19 00
g'oo"
50
50
11 00
8 00
3 00
5 50
21 00
8 50
7 50
$10 00
80 00
$125 00
$50 00
Alpine.
Amador... ... ..
50 00
Butte...-
Calaveras
Colusa „
10 00
Contra Costa
40 00
Del Norte
30 00
25 00
20 00
El Dorado
Fresno . .
20 00
10 00
25 00
25 00
60 00
Glenn
Humboldt...
Imperial
Inyo ..
2 50
7 00
1 50
2 50
6 00
179 00
3 50
3 50
3 50
6 00
11 50
5 00
30 00
20 00
10 00
Kern
Kings
25 00
Lake.
Lassen
50 00
120 00
100 00
Los Angeles...
Madera..
150 00
25 00
160 00
Marin
60 00
Mariposa
Mendocino
20 00
60 00
Merced
25 00
25 00
40 00
Modoc
620 00
1,550 00
20'00'
440 00
Mono
Monterey..
23 00
19 00
7 50
5 00
6 00
7 00
3 50
05 00
5 00
7 00
18 50
47 50
8 50
20 50
4 50
6 50
15 00
6 00
6 50
50
15 00
8 50
13 00
15 50
5 00
6 50
2 50
7 00
3 00
3 50
5 00
7 60
200 00
260 00
Napa
120 00
Nevada _.
90 00
Orange
Placer
100 00
20 00
Plumas
30 00
10 00
90 00
30 00
Riverside
Sacramento
San Benito
200 00
190 00
20 00
San Bernardino
San Diego . .
San Francisco
San Joaquin
San Luis Obispo
San Mateo _ .
Santa Barbara
60 00
140 00
10 00
40 oo'
30 00
4000
25 00
375 00
75 00
2500'
25 00
100 00
200 00
30 00
590 00
50 00
30 00
50 00
Santa Cruz... _ ..
Shasta
90 00
150 00
Sierra
Siskiyou ..
2,940 00
180 00
Solano.. . .
75 00
75 00
100 00
Stanislaus .
10 00
Sutter
Tehama
Trinity
Tulare
10 00
Tuolumne
40 00
Ventura..
Yolo
10 00
20 00
Yuba .
20 00
Value sales
Number licenses
S434,255 00
225,448
$398,630 00
199,315
$23,731 00
23,731
$699 00
1,398
$6,420 00
642
$1,925 00
77
$2,850 00
285
88
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
HUNTING LICENSE SALES, SERIES 1937-1938
Counties
Total
Citizen
Junior
citizen
Duplicate
Non-
resident
Alien
Declarant
alien
Alameda
Alpine
Amador
Butte
Calaveras.
Colusa
Contra Costa
Del Norte
El Dorado
Fresno.-- _.
Glenn
Humboldt
Imperial
Inyo
Kern
Kings
Lake
Lassen
Los Angeles
Madera
Marin
Mariposa
Mendocino
Merced
Modoc. -
Mono
Monterey..-
Napa
Nevada
Orange
Placer
Plumas
Riverside
Sacramento
San Benito
San Bernardino. -
San Diego
San Francisco
San Joaquin
San Luis Obispo.,
San Mateo _.
Santa Barbara...
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Shasta
Sierra _ .
Siskiyou
Solano
Sonoma.
Stanislaus
Sutter
Tehama
Trinity
Tulare
Tuolumne
Ventura
Yolo
Yuba
State of Nevada.
State of Oregon,.
Totals
Number.
519,558 00
216 00
2,210 00
9,462 00
1,412 00
3,708 00
6,551 50
645 50
3,127 50
18,722 00
4,310 00
12,131 50
3,943 00
2,034 00
16,917 00
3,633 00
3,376 00
4,500 50
79,341 00
2,673 00
3,840 00
40 00
5,897 50
5,466 50
4,432 00
919 50
9,315 00
5,563 50
4,633 00
5,197 00
4,782 50
4,189 00
7,715 00
17,577 00
2,137 00
7,792 50
14,459 50
27,187 00
12,099 SO
4,242 00
4,826 00
5,507 00
12,510 50
6,519 00
5,370 50
888 00
9,885 50
5,096 00
10,223 50
6,836 00
1,833 00
3,705 00
856 00
10,406 00
2,486 50
5,829 00
4,571 00
4,439 00
1,500 00
1,839 50
$451,163 50
234,842
$18,744 00
216 00
2,060 00
8,738 00
1,330 00
3,386 00
6,154 00
546 00
2,878 00
17,256 00
3,880 00
11,442 00
3,580 00
1,864 00
16,070 00
3,362 00
3,126 00
4,216 00
76,058 00
2,510 00
3,560 00
40 00
5,476 00
5,000 00
3,176 00
8 0 00
8,258 00
4,250 00
3,642 00
4,588 00
4,312 00
3,772 00
7,304 00
15,722 00
1,928 00
7,352 00
13,516 00
25,234 00
11,312 00
3,656 00
4,416 00
5,120 00
ll,6f2 00
5,820 00
5,016 00
850 00
7,942 00
4,786 00
9,356 00
6,K0 00
1,682 00
3,500 00
824 00
9,652 00
2,366 00
5,438 00
4,228 00
4,158 00
200 00
458 00
$414,118 00
207.059
$796 00
150 00
715 00
82 00
210 00
341 00
34 00
133 00
1,409 00
384 00
542 00
363 00
95 00
813 00
271 00
248 00
218 00
2,719 00
161 00
280 00
412 00
449 00
246 00
29 00
630 00
1,212 00
171 00
606 00
412 00
208 00
410 00
981 00
148 00
437 00
887 00
5C0 00
710 00
581 00
305 00
387 00
853 00
524 00
213 00
38 00
402 00
305 00
809 00
629 00
148 00
202 00
30 00
750 00
118 00
388 00
343 00
281 00
20 00
$25,958 00
25,958
$18 00
9 00
12 00
6 50
50
1 50
17 00
16 00
7 50
120 00
30 00
30 00
40 00
20 00
14 00
50 00
20 00
2 00
6 50
59 00
2 00
40 00
160 00
9 50
7 50
'""56
12 00
1 50
10 00
1,010 00
3
3
4
1
44
6
3
16 50
38 00
7 50
5 00
15 50
25 00
6 50
6 50
5 00
8 50
00
1 50
$427 50
855
30 00
10 00
820 00
100 00
60 00
10 00
140 00
20 00
116 60'
1,340 00
30 00
10 00
1,300 00
1,360 00
$6,770 00
677
$25 00
75 00
25 00
175 00
275 00
25 00
25 00
300 00
25 00
525 00
"75 00
25 00
25 00
$1,600 00
64
$20 00
10 00
140 00
20 00
170 00
110 00
10 00
30 00
80 00
470 00
20 00
40 00
690 00
70 00
30 00
40 00
150 00
170 00
"'2600
$2,290 00
229
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
DEER TAG LICENSE SALES BY COUNTIES, YEAR 1936
89
County
1936
Alameda
$5,261 00
Alpine.- .. .-.. .- .........
59 00
AniaHnr
799 00
Butte . . ....
2.680 00
Calaveras . ..
534 00
Colusa -. . _.
1,154 00
Contra Costa .
1.788 00
Del No(rte
340 00
El Dorado
1,272 00
Fresno . _
4,188 00
Glenn
1,284 00
Humboldt
3,782 00
Imperial
251 00
Inyo _ . _ .
802 00
Kern ,
3,823 00
Kings - .... .
651 00
Lake
1,448 00
Lassen.. .. . . . ....... ..
1,987 00
Los Angeles
18,279 00
Madera..
701 00
Marin . . ..
1,249 00
Mari )osa _ ... ._ ...
261 00
Mendocino. . ...
2,891 00
Merced... ... ... . ._-
1,029 00
Modoc... - .... . .
1,685 00
Mono .. - -.
590 00
Monterey ._.
2,923 00
Napa _
1,921 00
Nevada . . ...
1,730 00
Orange. . .
1,471 00
Placer . _
1,670 00
Plumas -
1,861 00
Riverside ...
1,701 00
Sacramento _
3,676 00
San Benito ..
908 00
San Bernardino- .
2,099 00
San Diego. .
2,312 00
San Francisco. .
6,268 00
San Joaquin _ . ....
2,269 00
San Luis Obispo
2,741 00
San Mateo. -- ..
1,196 00
Santa Barbara . .
2,651 00
Santa Clara.
3,773 00
Santa Cruz .
1,761 00
Shasta _
2,398 00
Sierra _ .. .
400 00
Siskiyou _ _. ... ...
4,235 00
Solano . .
1,649 00
Sonoma
4,065 00
Stanislaus . _ ...
1,587 00
Sutter
418 00
Tehama
1,631 00
Trinity ... . . . .....
519 00
Tulare
2,758 00
Tiioliimnfi
867 00
Ventura.. _.
1,973 00
Yolo
1,410 00
. Yuba
1,226 00
Total sales
$126,855 00
90
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
DEER TAG LICENSE SALES BY COUNTIES, YEAR 1937
County
1937
Alameda . .
S5,S24 00
Alpine .
71 00
Amador ....
825 00
Batte
1 887 00
Calaveras .
606 00
Colusa
1,101 00
1,839 00
Contra Costa
Del Norte .._
244 00
El Dorado .. .._
1,349 00
Fresno . . ...
4 329 00
Glenn
1,501 00
3,875 00
186 00
Humboldt ....
Imperial . . ...
Inyo . . .
651 00
Kern .
4,117 00
650 00
Kings
Lake
1,705 00
Lassen . . . .....
1 872 00
Los An5eles... .. .......
17 0^4 00
Madera
770 00
Marin . ... . ... . .
1,473 00
18 00
Marioosa... . .....
Mendocino
2,763 00
Merced .... . ...
1,0^0 00
1 €03 00
Modoc .. . ... ...
Mono
3: 3 00
Monterey . . .....
3,155 00
Napa . .......
2 031 00
Nevada
1,781 00
Oran'je
1,422 00
Placer ...... _
1 675 00
Plumas ... .
2,048 00
1,773 00
Riverside
Sacramento. .
4,201 00
San Benito . .
8 0 00
San Bernardino
San Die ;o . ..........
1,9! 2 00
2,089 00
San Francisco . . . .
7,018 00
San Joaq lin. . ........ . . ...
2,421 00
San Luis Obispo ... ... .....
2,68P 00
San Mateo ....
1,413 00
Santa Barbara ... . . . . . .
1,592 00
Santa Clara
4,191 00
Santa Cruz. ... ...
1,779 00
Shasta. ..
2 435 00
Sierra . ............
449 00
Siskiyou
3,816 00
Solano
2,150 00
Sonoma _
4,223 00
Stanislaus . . . . . . . . .
1,503 00
Sjtter
472 00
Tehama . . .
1,586 00
Trinity
426 00
Tulare
2,789 00
Tuolumne.. _ ...
1,051 00
Ventjra
2,120 00
Yolo
1,501 00
Yuba
1,444 00
State of Nevada . ... ... . . ...
142 00
State of Oregon ...
303 00
Total sales . . - - . -
S128,436 00
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
MISCELLANEOUS LICENSE SALES
91
License year
Fee
Value
Market fisherman. . . .
License year, 4/1/37 to 3/31/38
License year, 7/1/37 to 6/30/S8
License year, 7/1/37 to 6/30/38
License year, 1/1/37 to 12/31/37
License year, 1/1/37 to 12/31/37
License year, 1/1/37 to 1/ 1/38
Year 1S37
Fee.SlO 00
Fee 1 00 Cit.
Fee 2 00 Alien
Fee 5 00 Cit.
10 00 Alien
Fee 2 50
Fee 5 00
Fee 5 00
Fee 10 00
Fee 25 00 Cit.
100 00 Alien
Fee 5 00 Cit.
25 00 Alien
$78,210 00
Trapping license sales - -. .
1 2,502 00
} 1,090 00
1,192 50
Fish packers and wholesale shellfish dealers
Game breeders.-- -
Fish breeders
Domesticated fish importers license sales.--
Kelp license sales
380 00
100 00
40 00
Commercial hunting gun club license sales-.
Commercial hunting club operators license
sales
License year, 7/1/37 to 6/30/38
License year, 7/1/37 to 6/30/38
} 800 00
} 290 00
ARRESTS AND CONVICTIONS
RECAPITULATION
Number
of arrests
Fines
imposed
Jail
sentences
(days)
Fish cases, 1936-1937
1,618
1,480
$31,847 50
40,121 56
2,223 J^
Game cases, 1936-1937
5,9333^
Totals, 1936-1937
3,098
1,808
1,476
$71,969 06
$38,928 00
39,148 00
8,157
Fish cases, 1937-1938
3,3323^
Game cases, 1937-1938
5,622?i
Totals, 1937-1938
3,284
3,0-^8
3,284
$78,076 00
$71,969 06
78,076 00
8,955M
Recapitulation —
L.36-1937
8,157
1937-li38
8,9 55M
Totals -
6,382
3150,045 06
V.IWA
TOTAL ARRESTS FOR A PERIOD OF THIRTY-SIX YEARS
1902-1904.. 550
1904-1906- ---■ 774
1906-1908 1,192
1908-1910 1,771
1910-1912 2,063
1912-1914 1,993
1914-1916 - 2,087
1916-1918 1,797
1918-1920 1,891
1920-1922 2,258
1922-l;.24 2,715
1924-1926 3,207
1926-1928 4,390
1928-1930 5,388
1'930-1'32 5,237
1932- lf34 3,795
1934-1936 4,535
1936-1938 6,382
92
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
SEIZURES OF FISH AND GAME
--
July 1, 1936,
to
June 30, 1937
July 1, 1937,
to
June 30, 1938
Tola!
Abalone... . . .
1,037
2,856
125
825
255
1,337
60
2,374
Abalone, pounds . . .
2,916
Barracuda . .-.-
125
Barracuda, pounds --
5,823
424
34
18
6,648
Bass-
Black
679
Black, pounds . .
34
Large Mouth Black - _ . . _ . _ . .
18
Rock.
*
4
Sand Bass, pounds --
200
200
Sea, barrels.. , .. ..i.. .
60
39
438
250
60
Sea, pounds . -. -
632
418
6
39
Striped
1,070
Striped, pounds
668
Traps
6
White Sea, pounds - --.-_ ... ..
30
4
30
Bluecod , pounds _ _ . . .
4
BlueEnTuna
3
152
3
Bluegills -. .
152
20
20
Carp, pounds. - - .. --.--_.._.
40
40
Catfish --.-._..
46
70
5,860
46
Catfish, pounds . -.
103M
9,376
1
3
220
350
3.574
4
8
46
75
mii
15,236
Clams, quarts
1
Clamforks .
3
Cockles - - - _.--..
1,227
225
536
1,447
Cockles, pounds-
575
Crabs .. - .. .. . . .
4,110
Crabs, dozens .. ..
4
Crab nets
8
46
Crappie.. .. ............
52
1
127
Croaker ... _
1
Eastern Brook .
41
41
1
1
Flounder... .. .
2
141
4
10
17
106
40
2
141
Fyke nets ... .. .. . ......_
4
Grunion, pounds . . . . . ...
10
20
Halibut
17
106
Lake Tahoe Trout . . ... . ..
40
Live car . . .
1
1,012
1
Lobsters.- ..
4
2,233
74
16
161
1
2,116J^
Lobsters, dozens . .... . -
4
Ijobsters, pounds
330
3
2,563
77
Lobster receivers. . .
16
Lobster traps
12
173
Marikinaw Trout
1
Minnows
11
137
11
Perch ... . . .
62
12
151
199
12
Rainbow Trout . . - -
151
Reel and line .... .....
1
76
381
1
1
Salmon ._ . .. .
66
4,691
142
Salmon, pounds .. - .. .
5,072
Set lines . -.. .. ......
1
Set lines, feet .
300
220
300
Sheepshead, pounds. .. . .-
220
Skipjack, pounds . .
52,157
52,157
Steelhead . ..
231
280
2
231
Steelhead, pounds . .......... ..
280
Sturgeon .
2
Sturgeon, pounds..
62
244
1,500
11
1,615
156}4
62
Sunfish ....... . .
489
733
Trammel net, feet
1,500
Traps ....
11
Trout
963
14
27
2
2,578
Trout, pounds ...... . .
170H
27
Trout spawn, rolls .
2
Tuna, pounds
6,421
85,025
1
6,421
Yellowfin Tuna, pounds
17,647
102,672
1
TIIIRTY-PIFTII BIENNIAL REPORT
SEIZURES OF FISH AND GAME
93
July 1, 1936,
to
June 30, 1937
July 1, 1937.
to
June 30, 1938
Total
Antelope
Antelope, head
Beaver pelts
Bear
Bearskin
Bird traps
Brant, black sea
Canary, wild
Coot
Curlew _
Deer
Deerhead
Deerhide
Deermeat, pounds..
Doves
Ducks
Duck eggs _
Eagle
Elk..
Grebe
Geese
God wit _.
Grouse
Hawk
Killdeer^...
Lesser Scaup
Mallard, hen
Marbled Godwit...
Meadowlark
Minkhides
Mockingbird
Mudhens
Muskrat pelts
Nongame birds
Pheasants
Pigeons
Plover
Quail
Rabbits..- _._
Rail
Robins
Sandpiner
Sea gulls
Sea scoter
Sparrow
Spotted fawn
Squirrel skin
Surf scoter
Swan
Towhee
Trap
Tree squirrel
Tree squirrel hides.
Turkey..-
Venison ham_
Willits
Wood duck
Woodpecker
Yellowhammer
6")
2
36
3,207^
750
2,571
1
2
42
25
19
143
154
1
52
709
94
1
1
I
3
1
1
2
1)
3
1
5
MVz
1
1
4,406}^
1,035
192
11
3
1
43
19
14
99
1
306
132
6
13
1
1
33
5
4
2
4
1
1
6
2
2
1
2
"2'
1
1
1
3
2
1
2
6
3
1
5
14!)!^
3
37
7,G14
1,785
2,763
11
1
2
5
50
1
7
2
3
1
1
1
11
3
1
68
38
157
253
2
52
1,015
226
1
6
13
1
1
33
5
4
i)i
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
FISH CASES
Offense
July 1, 1936, to
June 30, 1937
Arrests
Fines
Jail
July 1, 1937, to
June 30, 1938
Arrests
Fines
Abalone: overlimit, undersize, closed season, pos-
session sliced in closed season, taken in less than
20 feet of water-.
Anchoring: closed district
Angling ; no license
Barracuda: overlimit, possession and sale of under-
sized, closed season, take with net, closed season. .
Bass:
Black, overlimit, undersized, spearing closed dis-
trict
Sea : overlimit, undersized
Striped: overlimit, undersize, selling, possession
for sale, failure to deliver to Fish and Game
Commission
Bluegills: closed season —
Catfish: selling, undersized, retaining less than 9 in.
in length
Clams: closed season, overlimit, undersized, instru-
ment in preserve, out of shell, failure to show on
demand, taken in preserve, offering for transpor-
tation, selling, overlimit from refuge
Cockles: Overlimit, undersized, no license
Commercial fishing; no license, failure to keep
records, failure to register boats
Crabs; possession female, undersized, closed season,
holding in live box, mutilating, take from Dist.
IJ^toDist. 2
Crappie: taking, closed season, no license
Crustaceans: fail to show on demand
Diving for commercial purposes in less than 20 feet
of water
Failure to record fish purchased---
Fish spear; possession within 300 ft. of stream
Fish wasteage
Fishing boat not registered--
Fishing; closed district, closed season, from fishway,
too near dam; using prohibited gear, failure to
provide license, over dam, failure to show license,
using another's license, closed area, false state-
ment in procuring license, through ice, taking
brood fish from hatchery, disturbing nets
Fishing tackle in refuge
Frogs, undersized, overlimit
Fyke nets in District 12A, closed season
Galf , possession within 300 ft. of stream
Game fish, no license, closed season
Gill net; in Dist. 2, in Old River, in Dist. 20, meshes
less than 5J^" in length, illegal mesh, operating
in Sacramento River without floats or buoys
Grunion, closed season
Halibut; undersized
Illegal fishing
Illegal gear -
License: using another's; making false statement,
fail to show on demand, transferring---.-
Lobsters: closed season, undersized, overlimit, pos-
session spiny lobsters less than lOH"-
Mackerel, take with illegal net in Dist. 20
Minnows; transported .
Net: illegal operating in Dist. 1
Night fishing ^
Operating smokehouse, no packers license
Perch; selling, closed season
Pollution
Roundhaul net in Dist. 19A
Salmon: overlimit, undersized, spearing, gaffing,
transporting, killing with rocks, shooting, taking
in spawning area -
Sardines: exceeding sardine permit tonnage allot-
ment, reducing without permit
Seining in Dist. 20
Set lines in White Slough, in Taylor Slough, Middle
River, Honker Bay, Dist. 1, in San Joaquin River.
Skipjack, selling undersized
Spear in possession in creek
224
2
114
36
ti
$4,041 50
150 00
871 00
115 00
366 00
520 00
1,745 00
194
3
137
90
4,044 00
15 00
972 50
1,660 00
25 00
450
1
1
100 00
25 00
7,979 50
25 00
25 00
12
20
130 00
205 00
1
25
36
1
3
46
50 00
995 00
575 00
339
32
205
1,127
5
100
318}^
35
10
203
82
4
17
156
8
S
187
9
206
71
16
1
367
3
1
2
38
11
3
1
1
1
52
51
14
75 00
2,210 00
21
5
365 00
2,500 00
30
14
64
4
35
50 00
4
16
$3,075 00
737 00
125 00
190 00
2,570 00
129 00
90 00
3,388 50
130 00
2,150 00
1,080 00
130 00
100 00
1,800 00
7,393 50
75 00
'42506
145 00
15 00
10 00
5 00
10 00
318 00
1,355 00
850 00
25 00
25 00
183 00
6,305 00
100 00
900 00
1,200 00
455 00
""'75'6o'
TQIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAIj KEPORT
FISHICASES-Contlnued
95
Offense
July 1, 1936, to
June 30, 1937
July 1, 1937, to
June 30, 1938
Arrests
Fines
Jail
Arrests
Fines
Jail
Steelhead; overlimit, spearing, gaffing, closed sea-
2
1
21
10
54
1
3
S25 00
20 00
195 00
350 00
1,173 00
100 00
150 00
14
1
43
1
S3
1
$150 00
21
Sturgeon; possession,. . .
Suniish, closed season, overlimit .
690 00
500 00
1,924 00
100 00
37
Trout: taking with explosives, overlimit, using
fresh spawn, using 2 poles, closed season, closed
district, closed stream, selling, snagging
20
77
Using explosives to take fish, using dynamite
Totals - -
1,618
$31,847 50
2,22Z}4
1,808
$38,928 00
3,332J^
7—66726
96
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
GAME CASES
Offense
Antelope: possession buck --
Bear: closed season
Beaver: hide, possession, no license, using saw-
tooth traps
Bird nets: possession
Brant: take, black sea, closed season
Deer: closed season, kill and possess spotted fawn,
spike buck, doe, fail to tag deer, transferring tags,
closed season, closed district, failure to retain
hide and horns, failure to return tags, failure to
mark packages, possession deer evidence of sex
removed
Destroying birds nests
Distributing traps. --_ ---
Dove: closed season, overlimit
Ducks: operating commercial club no license, closed
season, overlimit, possession woodducks, possess
surfscoter, closed season
Eagle: possession
Elk: possession
Firearms: in refuge
Game: possession 10 days after close of season
Game birds: closed season, protected birds in pos-
session, shoot from auto, sell wild game birds, no
license
Geese: overlimit, closed season, shoot after 4 pan...
Grebe: possession
Grouse:' possession -
Hunting: no license, in refuge, closed area, no li-
cense, alien using citizens license, failure to show
game on demand, false statement in procuring
license
Illegal shooting
Interfering with officer discharging his duties
License: using another's, false statement
Mink: trapping, closed season
Mountain sheep: possession
Mudhens: closed season, take after 4 p.m
Muskrat pelts ; illegal possession
Net: larger than 6 ft. to take bait
Night hunting _.
Nongame birds: in possession, closed season, killing,
pursuit of -..
Pheasants: closed season, overlimit, shipping in
closed packages, kill hen, possession male, no
license _.
Pigeon: closed season
Poisoning birds
Protected birds: no license, marbled godwit
Quail: closed season, overlimit, trapping, failure to
tag domesticated
Rabbits: closed season, no license
Rail: killing
Robins: kilUng
Seagull: kiUing, possession
Shorebirds: possession, possession killdeer, posses-
sion avocet
Sierra hare in possession
Spotlighting
Swan: possession, killing
Trapping: no license, bear, game birds, fur bearing
mammals
Tree squirrels: killing, possession, grey squirrel skins
Trespass
Using cane gun
Waterfowl: take between 4 pjn. and 7 ajn
July 1, 1936, to
June 30, 1937
Arrests
403
1
2
71
125
1
3
66
13
13
1
5
291
Fines
SlOO 00
10 00
25 00
12,839 50
25 00
20 00
2,870 00
7,190 00
100 00
850 00
115 00
425 00
5 00
360 00
4,208 00
1,607 50
75 00
50 00
80 00
16
66
104
2
1
58
35
2
1
Totals.
1
1
32
7
38
9
13
1,480
410 00
1,047 50
3,517 50
25 00
25 00
Jail
3,7613^
1,385
S9y2
120
237H
11
July 1, 1937, to
June 30, 1938
Arrests
435
92
58
83
1
14
7
279
71
Fines
175 00
200 00
50 00
50 00
17,188 00
2,690 00
1,182 50
1,766 00
25 00
110 00
120 00
50 00
4,342 50
1,070 00
1,408 56
741 00
25 00
50 00
1,195 00
225 00
219 50
145 00
132 50
S40,121 56
16
71
95
2
135
10
5,9333^
10
2
1
5
41
96
1
39
58
71
1
11
21
1
35
7
12
1
7
1,476
20 00
'so'oo'
25 00
45 00
750 00
3,745 00
100 00
935 00
1,944 00
1,017 00
25 00
140 00
650 00
25 00
253 00
90 00
205 00
25 00
155 00
$39,148 00
1
^
N
N
N
p:
Counties
ALAMEDA.
ALPINE..-.
Total
30,000
AMADOR....
BUTTE
CALAVERAS.
DEL NORTE.
EL DORADO.
731,220
222,000
574,000
469,445
252,100
.137,382
FRESNO.
HUMBOLDT..
INYO
KERN...
LAKE...
LASSEN.
934,121
985^231
006,327
108,046
91,000
LOS ANGELES..
MADERA --
185,270
60,400
MARIN.
03,790
74,660
MARIPOSA 75,900
MENDOCINO 75,800
MODOC. #5,000
MONO
11,324
MONTEREY-
NAPA..-.
NEVADA-
1,000
0,000
NEVADA STATE.
ORANGE
4,092
2,590
7,500
D G5726— pages 9
i
]
H
B
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
ELEVEN-YEAR RECORD OF DEER KILL
97
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
COUNTY
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Alameda.
220
67
59
228
149
263
66
78
212
191
275
89
87
234
175
252
124
101
314
283
248
129
104
494
227
164
191
69
287
148
148
137
66
205
114
204
102
76
235
148
268
144
100
221
119
266
153
108
206
149
"IQS
Alpine
975
Amador - _
IS"!
Butte... -.-
335
Calaveras - .
235
Colusa
263
5
42
535
592
272
6
48
548
763
297
14
55
597
764
343
6
40
685
893
304
11
38
699
952
19S
8
13
462
882
220
9
17
368
S88
168
19
32
417
1,359
177
27
39
478
1,259
211
32
23
428
1,522
34(i
Contra Costa . ._
"in
Del Norte
23
El Dorado
678
Fresno . .
1,658
Glenn
623
821
1
173
218
592
777
4
239
295
586
689
4
253
297
601
917
1
251
324
430
1,069
""""211
354
348
807
4
180
196
253
842
5
297
266
260
877
'"""285
251
353
921
1
301
203
548
796
1
386
249
829
Humboldt _ . . ..
94U
Imperial
3
Inyo
316
Kern. .
278
Kings _
3
901
296
435
260
3
1,038
393
369
300
3
841
511
691
313
12
885
585
637
379
10
726
607
949
442
13
524
508
819
316
5
481
551
572
268
6
419
632
750
310
8
570
781
800
360
9
757
1,037
772
314
7
Lake
1,418
986
Lassen . .
Los Angeles
1,192
421
Madera...
Marin
367
95
1,475
67
510
444
134
1,468
68
729
394
144
1,355
48
835
403
235
1,483
68
1,129
449
190
1,706
60
1,486
376
134
1,273
45
916
301
100
1,234
45
955
341
160
1,185
60
1,553
328
121
1,207
26
1,871
411
139
1,372
53
2,296
482
Mariposa. _
181
Mem ocino .
2,072
Merced
67
Modoc.
1,710
36
757
442
125
56
55
830
569
140
69
76
734
523
169
81
73
864
536
236
90
110
900
488
229
114
94
484
304
144
87
125
631
285
154
36
103
736
288
182
55
134
702
278
202
40
216
759
415
230
54
205
Monterey..
821
Napa
544
Nevada
465
Orange .. ..
99
Placer. . . .
341
551
323
346
586
249
2
320
335
695
404
"""269
340
764
629
2
313
361
968
663
4
275
271
829
488
2
152
196
917
354
2
172
175
1.128
307
1
214
194
1,144
351
1
160
205
1,270
290
3
285
319
Plumas
1,718
Riverside
356
Sacramento
5
San Benito...
217
408
San Bernardino
74
169
122
232
120
233
188
250
237
334
187
263
153
173
180
259
196
237
176
263
225
San Diego
363
San Francisco
San Joaquin
21
394
14
450
22
455
22
568
24
552
15
377
14
436
17
497
11
630
14
718
21
San Luis Obispo.
778
San Mateo
77
669
397
78
612
89
851
536
92
603
102
717
577
102
702
100
777
650
115
655
103
755
697
127
773
85
532
415
85
527
105
547
393
108
517
133
608
421
108
630
99
748
463
81
653
106
807
595
92
689
153
Santa Barbara ...
957
Santa Clara
754
Santa Cruz
118
Shasta
1,065
Sierra
101
1,665
45
751
91
102
1,654
52
753
115
132
1,211
54
732
119
137
1,372
58
865
111
190
1,516
45
903
94
151
896
31
709
37
158
823
19
748
37
179
1,043
20
704
39
210
1,092
23
554
39
302
1,227
32
536
77
531
Siskiyou
1,186
Solano
39
Sonoma
744
Stanislaus
107
Si'tter
1
799
921
744
213
3
846
800
939
213
2
758
751
807
212
1
845
760
965
280
1
715
841
890
329
1
Tehama .
487
418
725
215
669
340
625
175
866
464
836
218
813
459
924
223
647
650
1,108
257
1,391
Trinity
865
Tulare
1,206
TnoliimnP!
451
Ventura
274
115
53
362
169
52
346
176
55
308
214
93
390
191
91
317
138
34
408
88
31
398
91
56
465
106
40
554
151
42
972
Yolo
209
Yuba
102
Totals
19,507
21,515
21,222
24,132
25,805
18,380
17,686
20,805
21,955
25,008
32,241
110,760
105,638
115,472
123,999
129,005
96,702
95,776
108,913
110,808
126,855
128.436
OS
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
•-- .£
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1,315
174,295
30,802
5,416,029
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San Mateo
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547,813
15,693
266,440
322,732
283,789,475
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Contra Costa
COOO r
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iCi-H CD X) 1
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6,250
1,477
21,921
68,400
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234,318
476,079
2,347,116
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1
02
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
99
:S :S8 :f2 ; ; ; ; :<=^ ;gg ; ;2
1 1 1 11
IM -*— . lO 1 ■■«• 1 iC^tO .N 1
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< • 00 1 f 1 1 1 < J II
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3,722
6,126
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Sheepshead .-
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Skipjack.-
Smelt ■. .'
Smelt— Jack
Sole-..-
Splittail...-
Sucker .
Swordfish— Broadbill
Swordfish— Marlin
Tom Cod ..-
Tuna— BlueSn..-. _._
Tuna— Yellowfin. _
Tiu-bot
Whitebait _..
Whitefish
Yellowtail-...
Miscellaneous -
I 'i 1 I ! ! I I I I I 0^ ! I ', !
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PISH AND GAME COMMISSION
o
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^-■c^»ft»-^c^^t^(rocococ^o:^^^•w't--cocT;^-M^»Tr«^^•^c:lC<»^01— icoOiS-c^oiOicDoo
Total landings in Cali-
r^»-H^»-^a^;_cooocD (^a^l--«^:o t^^io 00 <rs^»cor^ ooioio t^-<*^ o^oeo^occ socc^ eDi>. a;
fornia, including fish
iro'iotdo O or"-T^oo '--^lO O •rc^f irTo C<roi"'-i"t>r'0'— *"
t^tOOlCC 1— <400l^t^CM
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from west coast south
Tt< CO O i-<^cO «5 i-t CO 00 c<i
of the International
O
>2
Boundary
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coo ^liO
o
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From west coast south of
CD lOO
CO
CO
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the International
<NC3C^l
CO
CO
T-T-^i-T
I <>foo
' OOOi
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Boundary brought into
TJ< CO T-l
CO
C3 ,
San Diego
C5 ^-4 (M
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1-
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locno
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From west coast south of
oo l^ t^
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the International
cTi o r*
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t— I T-l
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Boundary brought into
CS CO
C^ 1
San Pedro--
i-H<M CO Ci
mOiocor^t-tcooooot^i^-O
■f-icqr-'^-^i-ic^oou:iooi-''^'*C5
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Total taken in state
':c ic CO yiT
oo -Tt^ '(jT ^ 11^ c> CO (m" CD cf '-H od t^
o'^
l>--^Oi— 1 :7i^-i*'CTio-«t4<M
waters and off coast of
iC o: »0 ^
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CO^O^XiiO^H »JO C^)_
California
<N c^
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CO
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San Diego
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CO
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CO lO (M O
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THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
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102
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
CANNED. CURED AND MANUFACTURED FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE YEAR 1936
SHORE PLANTS
Canned
Kind of fish or fishery pr oduct
Size of cans
Northern
California
district, cases
Monterey
district,
cases
San Pedro
district,
cases
San Diego
district,
cases
Total cases
Albacore
4-ib., 12's
838
8,585
43,525
901
7,749
55,747
1,464
3,375
990,360
7,640
56,430
838
1-lb
8,585
H-lb. - -
35
43,560
901
U-lb ..
Bonito - - .
1-lb
6,580
29,657
508
14,329
i^-lb
85,404
1^-11) _-
1,970
M-lb., lOO's
3,375
1-lb
54,138
113,075
9,669
4,680
75
43
1,157,573
H-lb.—
17,309
Ji-lb., 96's
1,001
62,111
U-lb ..
75
Roe
1-lb
43
Sardine .
No. 10, 6's
4,492
1,089,683
202,148
749
586,038
259,793
25,260
5,241
1-lb. oval... ..
1,675,721
1-lb. tall
9,728
471,669
H-lb..--
25,260
}^-lb. oval ..
728
1,031
86,506
432
113,516
37,454
124,490
728
i^-lb., 72's
1,031
3^-lb., 96's
107,228
2,755
196,489
i^-lb. B. & P. .
432
i^-lb. fillet
113,516
lOH oz..
37,454
5-oz., lOO's
156,649
281,139
li-lh.
10,380
10,380
M-lb. B. & P.
lOO's
583
906
583
Sardine paste
4-oz..-
906
Shad
1-lb .
13,214
75
5,028
13,214
Shad roe. . . -
1-lb. oval
J^-lb. oval
9-oz
75
5,028
Squid - . --
12,091
181
12,091
7-oz.
181
Tuna, bluefin
1-lb. .
13,843
247,752
24,.546
24,638
1,208
7,016
138,739
9,044
29,557
574
811
33,243
279,409
24,626
4,284
861
814
9,092
1,506
18,235
2,649
15,349
i^-lb
265,987
}4-lb
27,195
ii-^h., lOO's
24,638
12-oz
1,208
Tuna, striped .- . . _ _-
1-lb
12,802
235,577
24,125
22,826
841
68,294
864,796
123,192
17,688
19,818
J^-lb. .
374,316
M-lb. -
33,169
M-lb., lOO's
52,383
12-oz.
574
Tuna, vellowfiu ,._._-
4-lb., 12's
1,652
1-lb
101,537
}^-lb. . .-
1,144,205
M-lb.
147,818
)4-lb., lOO's. .-
21,972
12-oz.
861
Tuna flakes . _ _ . .
1-lb.
2,300
12,431
236
3,114
J^-lb.
21,523
1^-1 b. -
236
Tuna, "tonno" style . -
J^-lb.
6,450
51,347
6,157
10,912
6i450
}4-lb., lOO's
740
12,471
82,208
380
52,087
Yellowtail . _ -
1-lb. . ..
18,628
i^-lb
93,120
i^-lb
380
Petfood ---
128,384
128,384
Totals
18,317
1,729,380
3,365,638
1,690,480
6,803,815
Note — Forty-eight cans to the case unless otherwise specified,
with Monterey.
Sardines packed in Northern California included
i
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
103
CANNED, CURED AND MANUFACTURED FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE YEAR 1936
SHORE PLANTS— Continued
Cured and Manufactured
Fishery product
Size or
quantity
Northern
California
district
Monterey
district
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
Herring, pickled ._ . _
Pounds
40,000
71,514
40,000
89 489
Mixed fish, dried __ _„.
Pounds. --
17,975
86,526
Mixed fish, salted ._ --.
Pounds
86,526
226,471
2 239
Sablefish, smoked
Pounds
Tierces .-.
226,471
2,239
77,349
Salmon, mild cure
Salmon, smoked.
Pounds
77,349
60,350
10
Sardines, salted -
Pounds
47,750
12,600
Shad, salted -.
Tierces
Pounds
Pounds
Tons
Gallons
10
178,656
384,762
24,593
5,626,422
Shrimp, dried --.
178,656
Shrimp meal _ _
384,762
86,267
15,477,909
Fish meal
Fish oil
30,431
6,756,541
23,588
2,834,887
7,655
260,059
Miscellaneous Data
Estimated value of pack.
Number of employees
Value of plants
$3,402,517
1,134
$1,986,095
S8,227,865
2,706
$3,351,831
$14,296,022
4,041
$3,110,721
$9,024,907
1,946
$998,656
$34,951,311
9,827
$9,447,303
104 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
REPORT OF SARDINE PLANTS, SEASON 1936-37
While the season in Monterey and northern California opened on
August 1st, no fishing was done until the 10th at Monterey and the
17th in the San Francisco Bay area, when a few light loads were
brought in. Fishing was held up during the first of the month bj' the
full-moon which occurred on August 2d, and by negotiations between
plant operators and fishermen on prices and labor regulations. In
southern California the season opened on November 1st but no fishing
was done in November on account of a fishermen's strike. Permits for
use of sardines by a reduction process were issued during the entire
open season and amounted to 637,500 tons. None of the plants
received tonnage to cover the quota granted, and during the season
363,242 tons of permit-tonnage was canceled on account of lack of
fish. This report covers operations of the shore plants only and does
not include sardines taken for fresh fish markets, bait or "quarter oil"
pack.
During the season nine floating reduction ships operated off the
coast of California, outside the jurisdiction of the State. It is esti-
mated these floating plants took 239,257 tons of sardines, and produced
39,876 tons of meal and 9,034,041 gallons of oil. Adding the estimated
tonnage of the floating plants to the tonnage of the shore plants would
make a total of 727,398 tons of sardines taken in State waters and off
the California coast. The floating reduction plants which operated off
the California coast during the season, with names of the owners, were :
Lansing, Fishermen's Products Co.; Manatawny, Deep Sea Fisheries;
Lake Mirafiores, Santa Cruz Oil Co. ; American Fisher, Santa Cruz Oil
Co. ; BrooMale, Gardenia Packing Co. ; Monitor, Interstate Fish lieduc-
tion Co, ; Polarine, Polarine Fisheries, Inc. ; 8a7ita Inez, Pacific Ocean
Products Co. ; Currier, American Marine Products Co.
The following shore plants operated during the season :
MONTEREY AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA DISTRICT
Benicia Fisheries, Benicia.
F. E. Booth Co., Inc., Monterey.
F. E. Booth Co., Inc., Pittsburg.
California Packing Corporation, Monterey.
Carmel Canning Company, Monterey.
Carquinez Fishery, Ltd., Port Chicago.
Custom House Packing Corporation, Monteiey.
Cypress Fisheries, Inc., Monterey.^
Del Mar Canning Corporation, Monterey.'
East Bay Fisheries, Inc., Richmond.
Edible Fish Meals & Oils. Inc.. Richmond.
Farallone Packing Company, San Francisco.
Fish-Dee-Lish-Corporation, Benicia.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 105
Fish Packers, Inc., Benicia.
E. B. Gross Canning Company, Monterey.
Hofmann Packing Corporation, Benicia.
Hovden Food Products Corporation, Monterey.
Hovden Food Products Corporation, Moss Landing.
Mazama Fisheries Corporation (Barge Mazama), Richmond.
3Ionterey Canning Company, IMonterey.
Old Capitol Land Company, Monterey.^
Old Capitol Packers, Inc., Benicia.
Ozol Packing Company. Martinez.
Pittsburg Canners, Inc., Pittsburg.
Point Edith Fisheries, Ltd., Port Chicago.
Redondo Fish Products Co. (Barge Redondo), Richmond.
Richmond Fisheries, Inc., Richmond.
San Carlos Canning Company, Monterey.
San Xavier Fish Packing Company, Monterey.
Sea Pride Packing Corporation, Ltd., Monterey.
Union Fish Company (Barge Peralta), San Francisco.
SAN PEDRO DISTRICT
Ambrose-Steele Canning Co., Long Beach.
California Marine Curing & Packing Company, Terminal Island.
California Packing Corporation, Terminal Island.
Coast Fishing Company, "Wilmington.
Franco-Italian Packing Company, Inc., Terminal Island.
French Sardine Company, Inc., Terminal Island.
Italian Food Products Company, Inc., Long Beach.
K & M Fisheries, Inc., Terminal Island.
San Carlos Canning Company, Long Beach.
Sea Pride Packing Corporation, Ltd., Terminal Island.
Sea Pride Packing Corporation, Ltd., "Wilmington.
South Coast Fisheries, Terminal Island.
Southern California Fish Corporation, Terminal Island.
Terminal Island Packing Co., Newport Beach (Sardines processed
at Benicia).
Van Camp Sea Food Co., Inc., Terminal Island.
SAN DIEGO DISTRICT
American Fisheries Company, San Diego.
Point Loma Tuna Packers, Inc., Point Loma.
Sun Harbor Packing Company, San Diego.
"Westgate Sea Products Company, San Diego.
^ Plant destroyed by fire November 25, 1936.
106
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
PRODUCTION OF SARDINE PLANTS
August 1, 1936, to April 5, 1937
District
Sardines
received,
tons
Used for
canning,
tons
Used for
meal and
oil, tons
Offal,
tons
Monterey and Northern California _.
San Pedro __
San Diego
Totals
Deduct fish received for purposes other than canning
Received for canning
345,658
137,914
4,569
76,482
72,340
463
269,062
64,097
4,106
488,141
275,863
'149,285
337,265
212,278
38,245
36,165
231
74,641
' The law requires tliat 133^ cases of 1-lb. oval cans be canned from each ton of sardines received for canning, but in
figuring amount actually used in canning, a basis of 20 cases per ton is used.
District
1-lb. ovals
packed,
cases
Other
size cans
packed,
cases
Other size
cans
reduced to
equivalent
of 1-lb. ovals,
cases
Cases
per ton
Monterey and Northern California .
1,017,530
629,802
541,081
801,534
9,375
512,282
819,859
9,573
13.5
San Pedro.- - . -
14 6
San Diego . __-. . . ......
19 7
Totals
1,647,332
1,351,990
1,341,714
District
Sardine
meal, tons
Ratio per
ton of meal
Sardine oil,
gallons
Gallons of
oil per ton
offish
and offal
Fish used
for purposes
other than
canning, tons
Monterey and Northern California .- . . . ..
55,553
18,735
827
5.5
5.3
5.2
12,324,089
1,898,134
77,700
40.1
18.9
17.9
2232,750
San Pedro
239,028
San Diego _...._ .
*4,085
Totals
75,115
14,299,923
'275,863
2 232,636 tons for meal and oil under permit, 114 tons for salting and smoking.
' 37,551 tons for meal and oil under permit, 1,477 tons for pet food.
' 4,085 tons for meal and oil under permit.
5 274,272 tons for meal and oil under permit, 114 tons for salting and smoking, 1,477 tons for pet food.
SARDINE CATCH BY MONTHS, SEASON 1936-37
Monterey
and Northern
California,
tons
San Pedro,
tons
San Diego,
tons
August, 1936 .
10,620
73,112
65,282
69,755
68,647
30,096
27,385
761
September ... .
October
November. ._ .. .
3
18,311
17,734
41,435
56,250
4,181
December.
January, 1937
22
February . . - . . _ . . . ..
2,410
March. .
2,137
April 1st to 5th . . . .
Totals...
345,658
137,914
4,569
TIIIRTY-FIFTII BIENNIAL REPORT
PACK OF 1-LB. OVALS BY MONTHS, SEASON 1936-37
107
Monterey
and Northern
California,
cases
San Pedro,
eases
San Diego,
cases
August, 1936...
September
October
November
December
January, 1937..
February
March
April 1st to 5th.
Totals
44,146
256,464
204,874
179,292
167,637
87,773
77,344
1,017,530
67,188
117,333
192,581
234,217
18,483
629,802
PACK OF OTHER SIZE CANS REDUCED TO EQUIVALENTS OF 1-LB. OVALS BY MONTHS,
SEASON 1936-37
Monterey
and Northern
California,
cases
San Pedro,
cases
San Diego ,
cases
August, 1936
27,830
118,168
94,887
104,585
68,998
48,891
38,015
10,908
September . ._ ._
October _ .
November
December. - _
77,017
102,813
233,398
358,429
48,202
January, 1937 -._-..
February
4 753
March
4,820
April 1st to 5th
Totals
512,282
819,859
9.573
SARDINE MEAL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS, SEASON 1936-37
Monterey
and Northern
California,
tons
San Pedro,
tons
San Diego,
tons
August, 1936
1,499
11,188
10,209
11,574
11,350
5,000
4,638
95
September ._. .
October __
November
1
2,838
2,347
5,575
7,539
435
December ._ .
Januarv, 1937 . . .
4
February ......
456
March _ . . .
367
April 1st to 5th-. _
Totals
55,553
18,735
827
SARDINE OIL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS, SEASON 1936-37
Monterey
and Northern
California,
gallons
San Pedro,
gallons
San Diego,
gallons
August, 1936
375,664
2,691,879
2,501,662
2,485,241
2,498,381
1,062,752
698,493
10,017
September
October
November.
December
312,708
261,187
674,194
637,719
12,326
January, 1937
101
February ....
54,476
March
23,123
April 1st to 5th
Totals
12,324,089
1,898,134
77,700
108
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF SARDINE PLANT OPERATIONS, SEASONS 1935-36 AND 1936-37
Monterey and Northern California District
Season
1935-36
Season
1936-37
Increase
Tons of sardines received for canning
Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil.
Tons of sardines received for salting, etc
Total tons of sardines received for all purposes
Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed..
Cases of other size cans packed
Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals
Meal , tons
Oil, gallons
140,152
118,086
106
258,344
1,250,051
599,725
633,788
38,537
10,050,658
112,908
232,636
114
345,658
1,017,530
541,081
512,282
55,553
12,324,089
*27,244
114,550
87,314
*238,521
*58,644
*121,50U
17,016
2,273,431
•Decrease.
San Pedro District
Tons of sardines received for canning
Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil..
Tons of sardines received for salting, pet food, etc
Total tons of sardines received for all purposes
Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed
Cases of other size cans packed
Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals
Meal, tons _._
Oil, gallons
Season
1935-36
95,949
41,783
601
138,333
680,103
588,570
627,117
19,422
2,939,863
Season
1936-37
98,886
37,551
1,477
137,914
629,802
801,534
819,859
18,735
1,898,134
Increase
2,937
*4,232
876
*419
•50,301
212,964
192,742
*687
n,041,729
'Decrease.
San Diego District
Tons of sardines received for canning
Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil.
Total tons of sardines received for all purposes
Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed
Cases of other size cans packed
Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals.
Meal, tons
Oil, gallons
Season
1936-36
1,436
9,053
10.489
17,047
19,856
1,945
210,171
Season
1936-37
484
4,085
4,569
9,375
9,573
827
77,700
Increase
*952
♦4,968
*5,920
*7,672
*10,283
'1,118
*1.32,471
•Decrease.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
All Districts Combined (Shore Plants)
109
Season
1935-36
Season
1936-37
Increase
Tods of sardines received for canning
Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oiL.
Tons of sardines received for salting, petfood, etc.
Total tons of sardines received for all purposes
Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed _
Cases of other size cans packed i
Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals
Meal, tons
Oil, gallons
237,537
168,&22
707
407,166
1,936,154
1,205,342
1,280,761
59,904
13,200,692
212,278
274,272
1,591
488,141
1,647,332
1,351,990
1,341,714
75,115
14,299,923
*25,259
105,350
884
80,975
*288,822
146,648
60,953
15,211
1,099,231
•Decrease.
110
FISH AXD GAME COMMISSION
Monterey -
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San Mateo
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or fish
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from Oregon and \\
off the districts sho
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rather than combin
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made in or
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r north as
5 separate.
acore
catch
atch t
s as fa
sherie
elude alb
ble, the
sardine c
eet come
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practi
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ardine
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s report
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8 — 65726
112
FISH AND G A:\ri': COM AMISSION
Total landings in Cali-
fornia, including fish
from west coast south
of the International
Boundary brought i n
by boat
C3 :0 00
C^ C^ CO
O CV) Ci
(N »- ^J" ^
iC CO C^J^*^
CO CO •-« OS
From west coast soutli of
the International
Boundary brought into
San Diego by boat
lO ^ Ci
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OO CO t-
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1:0 tD -^
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O QCCOO
05 Oi o ^^
COCSJ
From west coast south of
the International
Boundary brought into
San Pedro by boat
00a CO
CO o- ^o
1^ Tj« iO
CO O Cl"
»r3 (X) »o
-* 00
1-1 Tj<
COCO
Total taken in state
waters and off coast of
California
<:C o^ »0 C^
f— I Ol ■^ 1— I
CSl (M Ci O
f-t CO O 00
cq CO o r>- 00
^oi"aO Tji',-H
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iOXiC^^:5C0CO»O01"5
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CO cf -JD Tp i-T i-T irf .-T c4"
to 1— I i-H W3 CO tP -^ CO
CO CO '^3 CO O GO
CO O
c-iocot^a>ciT-ico»o»OTrc^io
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San Diego -
O 1 kC CO
t^ I 00 lO
CO I ^.'*
CO ! lo ^
CO CO '*
Orange-
Los Angeles _
O CO l>- CO
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■^ !>. O Cq_
t-^CO CO O
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■^ CD Oa CO
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CO OCQ
San Luis Obispo,
Santa Barbara,
Ventura
ce
2 ^1 . -
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t^ CO
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t-^ 00 CO CO
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^ QJDJD
^^ v^ ^^ ^'^ CJ O O
c/3 CO CO m CO CO CQ
a-S'
THIRTY-FIFTIT BIENNIAL REPORT
113
^ <— I CO <M e^
<M *5t< i— ( CM
to to .-t CO
tOCM»««^W50"^0^-CMO
I>-lOCMiO»-<05iXiCO»-^ too
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to CM CM CM Oa CM M< -^ O
GO CM O »0
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b- OOOCM
CM*-!
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■* CM
8
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1-1 CM
to ^''
t-i to
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to Ob*
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toi— i"«**os^**ooooiCMoor*»oior-"COOir^'^ooi-<
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^-T to co" r^ -^ '^ »o CM* o b^ oi" CO »-<* c<r b^ <r lo' c<r co" -1^
kO O t* -^ OO Oi OO O *-t OO CM GO r'- 00 CO c^ t^
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1-1 CM »0 lO CM »0 lO >0 O M< O t^ CM O
to O CM r* Uf CM »0 1-" 05 00 CO (-I to o
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to T-» CO GC' CM O »0
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t^ CTSO
1—1 CO to
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to OO ^
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t^ to
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to 00
O CO 00
iO ■^ CM
CO CM O
co"cm"
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to OO "^ r* Tt* C7S "^
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to ^O O O CO ^
O"0 1-H *-> CM
*-< -^ CM
to-^
b- CO
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CM^"<»^^
cm"o
to «*
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lO t* '-'
■^ CO to
lO CM to
oo^^
CMOO
r* t^
!>. -^ OO -H -^J* CM ^
r* uti CM CM »r:> CO OO
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lU
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
CANNED, CURED AND MANUFACTURED FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE YEAR 1937—
SHORE PLANTS
Canned
Kind of fish or fishery product
Size of cans
Northern
California
district, cases
Monterey
district,
cases
San Pedro
district,
cases
San Diego
district,
cases
Total cases
Albarore
1-lb
11,642
71,268
147
66
16,856
64,979
102
7,934
11,744
H-lb.
79,202
M-lb.
147
14-Ib lOO's
66
1-lb.
6,757
35,551
1,430
316
30,482
429
5,063
163
41
23,613
H-lb. -
100.530
M-\h.
1,430
V-lb., lOO's
3,683
727,656
12,529
3,561
3,999
Mackerel
1-lb .-..
13,415
441
771,553
H-lb., 96's
13,399
i^-lb.
8,624
li-\h.
163
U-!b . lOO's
41
1-lb
33
16
147
33
lOj^ oz
16
1-lb
147
Sardine
No. 10 cans, 6's_
1-lb oval
3,291
679,317
227,806
1,509
761,776
634,215
25,364
4,800
1,441,093
1-lb. tall
7,823
869,844
5^-lb.
25,364
1,528
48,957
583
73,785
5,098
2
68,164
876
1,528
J^-lb., 96's
238,365
2,565
289,887
14-lb. B. & P.
583
Vi-Ws fillet
73,785
lOj^-oz.
5,098
6-oz. B. & P.
lOO's
2
5-oz., lOO's
200,060
268,224
M-Ib. B. & P.
lOO's
876
Yi-Vo.
2,103
2,103
14-lb.filIetlOO's.
1-lb.
17
17
Shad
4,677
1,684
4,677
H-lb. - -
1,684
Squid
9-oz.
3,052
2,479
3,052
7-oz
2,479
1-lb.
16,542
140,4C2
629
19,926
10,843
13,748
198,964
14,316
49,137
962
42,787
1,290
333,422
29,995
8,155
8,716
25,818
1,611
20,853
18,153
34-lb.
161,345
12-oz.
629
M-lb.
3,091
1,548
17,414
408,960
24,636
36,741
450
89,866
23,017
M-lb., lOO's
12,391
Tuna strined
1-lb.
31,162
3^-lb.
607,924
\i-\h.
38,952
M-lb., lOO's
85,878
4-lb. 12's
1,412
1-lb.
132,653
12-oz.
1,290
Vo-Wi.
916,287
157,169
2,094
2,563
12,947
394
1,249.709
i|-lb.
187.164
)4-\h., lOO's
10,249
1-lb.
11,279
Yi-Vo.
38,765
}i-lb.
394
Tuna, "tonno" style
M-lb.
11,404
125,208
1,545
1,807
11,404
M-\\>., lOO's
1,125
14,968
29,131
29
126,333
Yellowtail
1-Ib.
16,513
}^-lb.
30,938
14-lb
29
Pet food
Misc. sizes
7,049
172.181
179,230
Totals
13,606
1,128,811
4,001,563
1,842,636
6,986,616
Note. — Forty-eight cans to the case unless otherwise specified,
with Monterey.
Sardines packed in Northern CaUfornia included
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
115
CANNED, CURED AND MANUFACTURED FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE YEAR 1937—
SHORE PLANTS-Continued
Cured and Manufactured
Fishery product
Size or
quantity
Northern
California
district
Monterey
district
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
Herring, smoked
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds,., ._ _.
3,650
57,152
3,650
57,152
Mixed fish, dried
Mixed fish, salted
151,369
151,369
206,016
1,021
8
Sablefish, smolied . .- .
Pounds
206,016
1,012
8
78,834
Salmon, mild cure . _.
Tierces
Pounds— .
9
Salmon, salted _ _
Salmon, smoked . .
Pounds
Pounds
78,834
18,000
63,880
126,813
81,518
11,324,842
Sardine, salted - _
18,006
Shrimp, dried .
Pounds
03,880
126,813
22,916
4,431,668
Shrimp meal - - ,
Pounds... .
Fish meal
Fish oil
Tons
Gallons
21,118
4,122,817
29,184
2,578,600
8,300
191,757
Miscellaneous Data
Estimated value of pack
Number of employees.. .
Value of plants
S2,867,396
1,301
$2,932,041
$5,487,565
2,691
$3,091,433
$18,646,700
4,520
$3,147,279
$11,474,841
2,186
$1,011,429
$38,476,502
10,698
$10,182,182
116 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
REPORT OF SARDINE PLANTS, SEASON 1937-38
Sardine fishing started in the Monterey Bay area on August 9th
and in the San Francisco Bay area on August 11th. In southern
California fishing started on November 1st.
Permits to take and use sardines by a reduction process for the
manufacture of meal and oil were issued for 12,500 tons to all plants
with a reduction plant capacity per hour of one to twenty tons; and
permits for 16,500 tons were issued to plants having an hourly
capacity of twenty-one to forty tons. In Monterey and northern
California a monthly limit was placed on the amount that could be
taken in each plant. However, if the tonnage allotted for any month
was not taken, it could be carried over and taken at any time during
the season up to February 15th. No plant during any month took the
full monthly allotment. For the entire State permits to take 765,500
tons for use by a reduction process were issued, and the plants received
and used 183,858 tons of sardines by a reduction process; and at the
close of the season there were 581,642 tons of unused permit tonnage
canceled.
This report covers operations of the shore plants only and does
not include sardines taken for fresh fish markets, bait or quarter-oil
pack.
During the season six floating reduction ships operated off tlie
coast of California outside the jurisdiction of the State. These float-
ing plants started to operate in September and came in and ceased
operations early in December. It is estimated that these floating
plants took 74,334 tons of sardines, and produced 12,389 tons of meal
and 2,479,731 gallons of oil. Adding the estimated tonnage taken by
the floating plants to the tonnage taken by the shore plants would make
a total of 420,168 tons of sardines taken in State waters and off the
coast of California. This is 307,230 tons less than was taken during
the previous season, a decrease of forty-two per cent. There was a
greater fishing effort on account of the increase in the number of
fishing boats and at no time were any limits put on catch of the boats,
all plants taking all fish brought in.
The floating plants which operated off the California coast with
names of the owners were: American Fisher, Santa Cruz Oil Co.,
Currier, American Marine Products Co., Lake Mirafores, Santa Cruz
Oil Co., Lansing, Fishermen's Produce Co.. Inc., Manatawny, Deep
Sea Fisheries, Inc., Santa Inez, Pacific Ocean Products Co. The
Polarine did not operate and the Brookdale and Monitor came inside
and operated as shore plants in State waters under permit from the
Commission. These three plants were operated outside of State juris-
diction during the previous season.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT 117
The following shore plants operated during the season :
MONTEREY AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA DISTRICT
Benicia Fisheries, Benicia
F. E. Booth Co., Inc., Monterey
F. E. Booth Co., Inc., Pittsburg
California Packing Corp., Monterey
Carmel Canning Co., Monterey
Carquinez Fisheries, Ltd., Kiehmond
Custom House Packing Corp., Monterey
Cypress Fisheries, Inc., San Francisco
Del Mar Canning Co., Monterey
East Bay Fisheries, Inc., Richmond
Edible Fish Meals & Oils, Inc., Richmond
Farallone Packing Co., San Francisco
Fish-Dee-Lish Corp., Richmond
Fish Packers, Inc., McNears Point
Gardenia Packing Co., Sausalito
E. B. Gross Canning Co., Monterey
Hofmann Packing Co., McNears Point
Hovden Food Products Corp., Monterey
Ilovden Food Products Corp., Moss Landing
Interstate Fish Reduction Corp., Richmond
Mazama Fisheries Corp., Richmond
Monterey Canning Co., Monterey
Monterey Fish Products, Seaside
Northern Packing Co., San Francisco
Old Capitol Packers, Inc., McNears Point
Ozol Packing Co., Martinez
Pittsburg Canners, Inc., Richmond
Point Edith Fisheries, Ltd., Port Chicago
Redondo Fish Products Co., Richmond
Richmond Fisheries, Inc., Richmond
San Carlos Canning Co., Monterey
San Pablo Fisheries, Richmond
San Xavier Fish Packing Co., Monterey
Sea Pride Packing Corp., Ltd., Monterey
Union Fish Company, Richmond
SAN PEDRO DISTRICT
Ambrose Steele Canning Company, Long Beach
California Marine Curing & Packing Company, Terminal Island
California Packing Corp., Terminal Island
Coast Fishing Company. Wilmington
Franco-Italian Packing Company, Terminal Island
French Sardine Company, Inc., Terminal Island
Italian Food Products Company, Long Beach
Italian Food Products Company, Newport Beach
Point Loma Tuna Packers, Inc., Newport Beach
San Carlos Canning Company, Long Beach
Sea Pride Packing Cor]^-, T^td., Terminal Island
Sea Pride Packing Corp., Ltd., Wilmington
118
PISH AND GAME COMMISSION
South Coast Fisheries, Inc., Terminal Island
Southern California Fish Corp., Terminal Island
Van Camp Sea Food Company, Inc., Terminal Island
SAN DIEGO DISTRICT
Sun Harbor Packing Corp., San Diego
Westgate Sea Products Company, San Diego
PRODUCTION OF SARDINE PLANTS
August 1, 1937, to March 31, 1938
District
Sardines
received,
tons
Tons
used
for
canning
Cannery fish
overage used
for meal and
oil, tons
Used for
meal and oil
under permit,
tons
Monterey and Northern California.
San Pedro
San Diego
Totals --
Add cannery overage used for meal and oil-
Total tons received for canning purposes. - .
236,712
109,015
107
49,516
65,416
49
345,834
'114,981
45,947
160,928
23,235
22,704
8
45,947
163,935
19,873
50
183,858
District
Offal,
tons
1-lb. ovals
packed,
cases
Other
size cans
packed,
cases
Other size
cans
reduced to
equivalent
of 1-lb. ovals,
cases
Cases
per ton
24,757
32,708
24
629,408
553,306
383,566
747,482
1,013
360,306
756,369
1,040
13.6
San Pedro _ _._
14.8
18,1
Totals . - -
57,489
1,182,714
1,132,061
1,117,715
District
Sardine
meal,
tons
Ratio
per ton
of
meal
Sardine
oil,
gallons
Gallons of
oil per ton
offish
and offal
Monterey and Northern California
38,441
14,525
15
5.5
5.2
5.4
7,726,734
1,447,631
912
36.4
San Pedro ~
19.3
11.1
Totals ---
52,981
9,175,277
District
Permits
issued,
tons
Unused
permit ton-
nage can-
celled, tons
Used
for other
purposes,
tons
Monterev and Northern California -
499,000
216,500
50,000
335,065
196,627
49,950
=26
»I,022
Totals -
765,500
581,642
1,048
1 The law requires that 1 3H cases of 1-Ib. oval cans be canned from each ton of sardines received for eanninc purposes,
but in figuring amount actually used in canning, a basis of 20 cases p«r t on is used.
' 26 tons for salting.
» 1,022 tons for pet food.
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
SARDINE CATCH BY MONTHS, SEASON 1937-38
119
Month
Monterey and
Northern California
San Pedro
San Diego
Canning
Reduction
Canning
Reduction
Canning
Reduction
August, 1937
75
5,268
19,167
14,421
22,067
10,732
1,021
4,810
30,072
48,293
30,905
'31,886
17,977
18
September . _
October,
November . ._
16,798
21,277
19,188
24,398
6,459
8,572
*6,679
•3,355
'1,751
•538
26
31
47
December
January, 1938
3
February,.. _ ..
March. . . . .. .
TotaLs -
72,751
163,961
88,120
20,895
57
50
' Includes 26 tons for salting.
' Includes 284 tons for pet food.
' Includes 352 tons for pet food.
' Includes 327 tons for pet food.
• Includes 59 tons for pet food.
PACK OF 1-LB. OVALS BY MONTHS, SEASON 1937-38
Month
Monterey and
Northern
California,
cases
San Pedro,
cases
San Diego,
cases
August, 1937- .
September
October
November
December
January, 1938-
February
March
165
38,374
156,895
118,502
202,508
105,080
7,884
Totals.
629,408
87,403
114,663
113,787
168,447
69,006
553,306
PACK OF OTHER SIZE CANS REDUCED TO EQUIVALENTS OF 1-LB. OVALS, BY MONTHS,
SEASON 1937-38
Month
Monterey and
Northern
California,
cases
San Pedro,
cases
San Diego,
cases
August, 1937
868
32,786
101,916
76,915
96,997
42,443
8,381
September ...
October . . . . . . . _
November .....
145,618
183,638
172,643
214,378
40,092
574
December .... . .
466
January, 1938 . .
February.. ....
March.. ._
Totals
360,306
756,369
1,040
]20
FISH AND GA^.IE COMMISSION
SARDINE MEAL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS. SEASON 1937-38
Month
Monterey and
Northern
California,
tons
San Pedro,
tons
San DieKO,
tons
August, 1937.-
September
October
November
December
January, 1938.
February
March
832
5,821
10,979
7,334
8,669
4,6S8
118
Totals.
38,441
3,643
3,832
3,000
3,212
838
14,525
11
4
15
SARDINE OIL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS, SEASON 1937-38
Monterey and
Northern
California,
gallons
San Pedro,
gallons
San Diego,
gallons
August, 1937.-
September
October
November
December
January, 1938-
February
March
174,165
1,186,497
2,382,564
1.484,380
1,619,492
860,356
19,280
463,187
418,475
264,850
258,504
42,615
902
10
Totals.
7,726,734
1,447,631
912
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF SARDINE PLANT OPERATIONS, SEASONS 1936-37 AND 1937-38
Monterey and Northern California District
Season
1936-37
Season
1937-38
Decrease
Tons of sard ines received for canning -_.
Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil.
Tons of sardines received for salting, etc
Total tons of sardines received
Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed
Cases of other size cans packed
Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-Ib. ovals
Meal, tons
Oil, gallons
112,908
232,636
114
345,658
1,017,530
541,081
512,282
55,553
12,324,089
72,751
163,935
26
236,712
629,408
383,566
360,306
38,441
7,726,734
40,157
68,701
88
108,946
388,122
157,515
151,976
17,112
4,597,355
San Pedro District
Season
1936-37
Season
1937-38
Decrease
Tons of sardines received for canning
Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil..
Tons of sardines received for salting, pet food, etc
Total tons of sardines received for all purposes
Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed
Cases of other size cans packed
Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals
Meal, tons
Oil, gallons
98,886
37,551
1,477
137,914
629,802
801,534
819,859
18,735
1,898,134
88,120
19,873
1,022
109,015
553,306
747,482
756,369
14,525
1,447,631
10,766
17,678
455
28,899
76,496
54,052
63,490
4,210
450,503
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
San Diego District
121
Season
1936-37
Season
1937-38
Decrease
Tons of sardines received for canning --
Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil.
484
4,085
Total tons of sardines received for all purposes .
4,569
Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed
Cases of other size cans packed
Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals _
Meal, tons --
Oil, gallons
9,375
9,573
827
77,700
57
50
107
1,013
1,040
15
912
427
4,035
4,462
8,362
8,533
812
7(),78S
All Districts Combined (Shore Plants)
Season
1936-37
Season
1937-38
Decrease
Tons of sardines received for canning - - .
Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oiL-
Tons of sardines received for salting, petfood, etc
Total tons of sardines received for all purposes
Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed -
Cases of other size cans packed
Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals
Meal, tons --
Oil, gallons
212,278
274,272
1,591
160,928
183,858
1,048
488,141
1,647,332
1,351,990
1,341,714
75,115
14,299,923
345,834
1,182,714
1,132,061
1,117,715
.52,981
9,175,277
51,350
90,414
543
142,307
464,618
219,929
223,999
22,134
5,124,646
122
FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
SARDINE CATCH, CASE PACK, MEAL AND OIL PRODUCTION
For Sardine Packing Seasons
Sardine Catch, Tons
Season
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
1925-1926
69,259
79,343
109,744
131,859
180,089
133,421
88,763
106,674
187,404
297,132
258,344
345,658
236,712
61,992
64,216
67,459
119,180
140,432
38,580
42,557
83,492
124,950
178,755
138,333
137,914
109,015
5,214
136 465
1926-1927
143,559
1927-1928
3,973
1,394
2,079
181,176
192S-1929.
252,433
1929-1930
322,600
1930-1931.
172,001
1931-1932 - .
131,320
1932-1933- ...
190,166
1933-1934
1934-1935 -
1,488
4,859
10,489
4,569
107
313,842
480,746
1935-1936
407,166
1936-1937 - - ...
488,141
1937-1938
345,834
Sardines, 1-Lb. Ovals, Cases
Season
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
1925-1926
940,906
1,202,516
1,474,162
1,520,192
2,004,044
1,336,225
990,104
410,469
970,504
894,584
1,256,051
1,017,530
629,408
968,495
986,858
878,175
1,140,488
1,493,615
403,041
470,766
321,794
526,540
591,759
680,103
629,802
553,306
66,074
1,975,475
1926-1927
2,189,3?4
1927-1928
39,380
12,383
16,551
2,391,717
1928-1929
2,673,0f3
1929-1930
3,514,210
1930-1931
l,739,2e6
1931-1932
1,460,900
1932-1933
732,2(3
1933-1934.
1,497,044
1934-1935
1,486,343
1935-1936
l,936,l£4
1936-1937
1,647,3?2
1937-1938
1,182,714
Other Size Cans Reduced to Equivalents of 1-Lb. Ovals, Cases
Season
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
1925-1926
1926-1927
1927-1928
1928-1929
1929-1930
1930-1931
1931-1932
1932-1933
1933-1934
1934-1935
1935-1936
1936-1937
1937-1938
35,956
21,673
54,985
115,664
169,462
246,316
52,197
15,944
123,688
154,560
633,788
512,282
360,306
16,361
63,264
145,143
173,540
458,416
170,388
159,066
75,775
331,631
222,661
627,117
819,859
756,369
13,065
31,995
10,368
12,552
5,396
13,058
19,856
9,573
1,040
65,382
84,937
232,123
299,572
640,430
416,704
211,263
91,719
460,715
390,279
1,280,761
1,341,714
1,117,715
Sard
ine Meal, Tons
Season
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
1925-1926
6,413
6,675
10,538
13,782
18,953
14,206
10,128
16,667
27,279
46,967
38,537
55,553
38,441
5,962
5,962
7,128
14,802
16,258
4,317
4,911
14,060
19,166
29,836
19,422
18,735
14,525
467
12,842
1926-1927
12,637
1927-1928
184
140
251
17,850
1928-1929
28,724
1929-1930
35,462
1930-1931 -
18,523
1931-1932
15,039
1932-1933 . -
30,727
1933-1934
262
848
1,945
827
15
46,707
1934-1935-
77,651
1935-1936 -
59,904
1936-1937
75,115
1937-1938
52,981
THIRTY-FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT
Sardine Oil, Gallons
123
Season
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
1925-1926
1,113,612
1,562,351
1,8.59,982
2,939,579
4,362,002
4.127,555
2,755,282
4,336,345
5,99.5,301
11,893,827
10,050,6.58
12,324,089
7,726,734
658,817
682,796
711,579
2,178,815
1,986,704
630,011
762,701
2,161,476
3,242,899
4,865,486
2,939,863
1,898,134
1,447,631
43,995
1,816,424
2,24.5,147
2,581,814
5,125,251
6,359,777
4,757,566
1926-1927
1927-1928
10,253
6,857
11,071
1928-1929
1929-1930
1930-1931
1931-1932 ..
3,517,983
6,497,821
1932-1933 .
1933-1934
24,303
111,252
210,171
77,700
912
9,262,503
16 870 565
1934-1935
1935-1936
13,200,692
14,299,923
9,175,277
1936-1937
1937-1938
Sardine Oil Production, Gallons Per Ton
Season
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
1930-1931 .
43.4
43 9
45 3
37 5
43 9
47 5
40.1
36.4
26 3
28.5
29.1
31 3
30.7
27.9
18.9
19.3
1931-1932
1932-1933
1933-1934
17 7
1934-1935..
24 7
1935-1936
21 0
1936-1937 . .
17.9
1937-1938
11 1
CASE PACK, MEAL AND OIL PRODUCTION FOR CALENDAR YEARS 1916-1937
Sardines, 1-Lb. Ovals, Cases
Year
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
1916 .
97,100
331,065
593,315
798,566
687,777
287,954
353,188
580,464
631,286
737,743
1,158,133
1,341 872
1,511,535
2,039,526
1,579,408
1,004,215
459,756
838,533
1,091,158
1,126,466
1,089,683
679,317
2,512
43,221
136,632
113,909
213,714
77,048
340,860
488,885
693,133
920,191
861,088
1,046,453
945,676
1,438,159
863,254
498,996
415,874
365,750
531,619
615,808
586,038
761,776
7,133
34,380
17,790
33,594
50,302
1,189
3,595
19,215
12,1,'5
29,846
63,410
14,947
39,755
12,225
15,500
106,745
1917
408 666
1918
747,737
1919
946 069
1920 .
951,793
1921
366 191
1922
697,643
1923
1 OSS 564
1924..
1,336 554
1925
1,687,780
1926 .
2,082,631
1927
2,403,272
1928
2 496,966
1929
3 489 910
1930
2 458,162
1931 .
1,503,211
1932 .
875 630
1933 . _
1,204,283
1934
1,622,777
1935
1,742,274
1936
1,675,721
1937
1,441,093
124
FISH AXD GAME COMMISSION
Fish Meal, Tons
Year
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
1916 - .
249
875
2,874
3,812
3,969
2,115
2,695
3,806
6,601
7,105
7,807
9,347
12,575
19,216
17,127
12,013
14,995
23,810
45,630
40,960
55,024
44,034
261
2,606
4,737
5,667
3,328
3,566
5,373
4,216
7,726
13,023
7,066
9,746
12,923
20.040
13,653
7,600
9,846
18.249
27,236
31,163
23,688
29,184
25
535
1917
3,481
1918
1,123
1.674
1,559
636
959
1,216
1,001
2,808
1,394
2,018
2,367
3,565
4,859
2,827
2,659
4,310
4,858
6,572
7,655
8,300
8,734
1919
1920 .
11,153
8,856
1921....
1922..
1923
1924
1925
1926
6,317
9.027
9,238
15,328
22,936
15,767
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934...
21,111
27,865
42,821
35,639
22,440
27,500
46,369
77,724
1935
78,695
1936
1937
86,267
81,518
Includes meal produced from sardines and other species of fLsh.
Fish Oil. Gallons
Year
Monterey
and Northern
California
San Pedro
district
San Diego
district
Total
1916
25.563
92,393
261,466
341,173
419,474
226,826
295,858
576,553
1,240,296
1,246,561
1,418,512
1,759,480
2,456,716
4,205,118
4,517,881
3,098,817
3,805,760
5,143,062
11,812,236
9,841,090
12,382,963
8,554,485
500
26,063
1917
83,900
67,858
146,298
152,937
93,305
244,310
346,883
1,059,001
1.715,633
651,006
763,905
1,268,518
2,280,991
1,282,893
818,364
1,293,961
2,585,784
4,221,447
3,821,566
2,834,887
2,578,600
176,293
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925 --
1926 :..-..
1927 _
1928
1929
17,400
26,791
39.174
16.607
6,882
28,452
51,425
187.847
54.410
95.105
24.068
62.017
41.989
7,511
25,678
58,948
94,525
261,482
260,059
191,757
346,724
514.262
611.585
336.738
547,050
951,888
2,350,722
3,150,041
2,123,928
2.618,490
3,749,302
6,548,126
1930 _-,_
1931
1932
1933 . ....
5,842,763
3,924,692
5,125,399
7,787,794
1934
16,128,208
1935
13,924,138
1936...
1937
15,477,909
11.324,842
Includes oil produced from sardines and other species of fish.
C572C 2-39 :;ioo
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