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EXCHANGES.
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines
are liable to be shortened sf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.
HOMOPTERA.—ÏI would be glad to get material in the Noctuid genus
ffomoptera and its allies from all parts of the country for study in the preparation
of a revision of this series. I will name and return specimens promptly, for the
privilege of retaining such as may be needed in completing the work. JOHN B.
SMITH, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
LEPIDOPTERA.—Living pupz of Cecropia, Promethea, P. achemon and H.
caryæ ; also Lepidoptera and Coleoptera in paper, to exchange for good U.S.
or Canadian specimens. A. T. REYNOLDs, Gardiner, Maine.
COLEUPTERA.—About 1,200 species of U. S. Coleoptera, and also many
from Mexico and Guatemala, for exchange. Will give a set of Callichroma
melancholicum for a specimen of Monohammus marmorator. Dr. Geo. W.
Bock, 2904 Allen Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
WANTED.- -Nomius pygmeus, for which I will give good exchange. HI. F.
WicKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa, U. S.
GEOMETRIDÆ wanted, named or unnamed. Will buy or exchange. Write
first. Desire material particularly from the N.-W., Arizona, New Mexico, N.
C., Texas and Fla. Ww». H. BROADWELL, 209 Plane St., Newark, N. J.
WANTED—For cash or exchange, Bulletins U.S. Bu. of Ento. (old series),
Nos. 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 26, 33; Missouri Reports, Nos. 7, 9; Lintner's N. Y. Reports,
Nos. 3, 13: Illinois Reports, Nos. 14, 20. E. F. Hircuincs, Waterville, Maine.
Prof. C. F. Baker wishes to announce that his address after November 1, 1007,
will be Museu Gueldi, Para, Brasil, and that all packages and letters should be
Sorwarded to him at that point. (Former address: Santiago de les Vegas, Cuba.)
LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange bred specimens of Papaipema, nitela,
nebris, frigida, cataphracta, impecuniosa, marginidens, Nonayria oblonga, and
Achatodes zew; would like specimens of same yenera.—F. E, MOESER, 238
Guilford St., Buffalo, N.Y.
COCCINELLID.E, EUPITHECLE (Tephroclystis), Nepticulk&æ and Lithocolletis of
the world desired for cash or exchange.-—-DR. CHR. SCHRODER, Schwabische-
strasse 19, Berlin W, 30, Germany.
WASTED FOR Casit.- Papilio, 1, I, III, IV; Buff. Soc. Nat. Hist., Bulletins
I, 11, WIE: Catocala, Hulst (Bull. 7, Brook. Ent. Soc.): Revision Hadena,
Smith; Diurnes, Strecker. W. H. IRELAND, Office of the Whitaker Estate,
Galt, California.
GALLS AND SCALE INSECTS wanted from all parts of Canada. Specimens ot
various orders given in exchanye, if desired. ENTOMOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT,
Ontario Agricultural -College, Guelph.
LEPIDOPTERA.—Shall be glad to exchange for species not taken in this
locality. A, J. CROKER, Redvers, Sask., Canada.
Nee rein of North America, particularly from western localities, wanted in
exchange, 1, TE. \VOLLEY Don, Millarville, \berta, Canada.
NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRIDE wanted in exchange for European. DR.
BASTELBERGER, Eichbery, Hattenheim, Rheingau, Germany.
Mr. ES. G. Tires, of the Bureuu ot Entomology, Washington, has been
appointed Associate: Professor of Zoology and Entomology in Utah Agric.
College. His address is: Agme. Exper. Station, Louwan. Utah.
BUTTERFLIES wanted in exchange for all kinds ot Natural History specimens.
Desire especially Papilio, Delias, Limenitis, Morpho, Calizo, Heliconius, ete.
A. J. DENNIS, Miniota, Manitoba.
WANTED. -Correspondence with Lepidopterists interested in the early
stages of Lepidoptera. Will gladly supply European material.-- J. W. H. HaRRi-
son, 81 Abingdon Rd., Middlesbro, England.
7
The
Canadian Entomologist
VOLUME XL.
1908.
EDITED BY
Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L. F.R.S.C.
Professor of Entomology,
ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH.
e
te cw, @
St “on COMMITTEE :
Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, Montreal ; J. D. Evans,
Trenton ; Prof. Lochhead, Macdonald College,
P.Q.; and J. B. Williams, Toronto.
London, Ontario:
The London Printing and Lithographing Company. Limited.
1908.
1:24442
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XL.
ALDRICH, PROFESSOR J. M., University of Idaho...... ..... Moscow, IpaHo
BAKER, C. Fesses tee cence ence nees tweens Para, BRAZIL,
BANKS, NATHAN... .............,...............cescereeee East Facts CHURCH, Va
BIRD, HENRY........... success seccscuessess Rve, N. Y.
BRADLEY, J. CHESTER, Cornell University.................... IrTHACA, N. Y.
BROADWELL, W. Housses ses Newark, N. J.
BRODIE, DR. WM., Educational Museum.....................,.. TORONTO.
BUENO, J. R. DE LA TORRE ............................. ... Wuire Puains, N. Y.
BUSCK, AUGUST, U. S. National Museum...................., Wasuinoton, D. C.
CAESAR, LAWSON, Ont. Agric. College...............,.,,..... GuELPH, Ont.
CASEY, COLONEL THOMAS L...... ......................... WASHINGTON, D. C.
CAUDELL, A. N., U.S. National Museum....................... Wasuincton, D.C. ,
COCKERELL, PROF. T. D. A., University of Colorado.......... BouLper, Coto.
COCKLE, J. W.......... ss ssseseevesesessssssserse KasLo, B. C.
COOK, JOHN H., State Normal College........ ................ ALBANY, N. Y.
COOLIDGE, KARL RAFINESQUE............................ Pato ALTO, Catir.
COQUILLETT, D. W., U.S. National Museum.................. WASHINGTON, D. C.
COSENS, À .............. cc ccc ee cesse sonner eee sec TORONTO.
CROSBY, CYRUS R., Cornell University Lec n ewe eeeeeeeeteeen ee ’.Itnaca, N. Y.
DAVIS, JOHN Joo... ccc eee eet ene eee nn eees Ursana, ILL.
DENNY, EDWARD.............................................. MONTREAL.
DOANE, R. W., Stanford University ......... ................... CALIFORNIA.
DOD, F. H. WOLLEY uses suceuse... MILLARVILLE, ALBERTA.
DYAR, DR. H. G., U.S. National Museum................... 6. WASHINGTON, D. C.
ELLINGSEN, EDV dresser ere cesse seaenenseeeeees KRAGERO, Norway.
ENGEL, HENRY... ue... PITTSBURG, Pa.
FERNALD, PROF. C. H., Agricultural College ................. AMHERST, Mass.
FLETCHER, DR. JAMES, Experimental Farm.................. OTTAWA.
FOLSOM, PROF. JUSTUS WATSON, University of Ilinois..... URBANA, ILL.
FREEDLEY, Wo. JR cc ccc cee ss PHILADELPHIA.
GIBSON, ARTH CR: Central Experimental Farm................. OTTAWA.
GILLETTE, PROF. C. P., State Agric. College .................. Fort Cozzins, Coro.
GRINNELL, FORDYCE, JR Lecce eee eens dencre verse ... PASADENA, CALIF.
HAMPSON, SIR GEORGE F., British Museum.................. Lonpon, ENGLAND.
HEATH, E. FIRMSTONE............. ................ lence CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.
HINE, PROF. JAMES S., Ohio State University............ .... Co_umsBus, Onno.
HOOD, J. DOUGLAS... ccc cece esse. URBANA, ILL.
HOUGHTON, C. O., Agric. Exper. Station....................... NEWARK, DEL.
HOWARD, DR. L. O., Director, Bureau of Entomology.......... Wasnineton, D. C.
JARVIS, TENNYSON D. Ont. Agric. College................... GueLPpH, Onr.
KEARFOTT, W. D...............,.......4444444ue esse. MonTCLAIR, N. J.
KIRKALDY, GEORGE W., Sugar Planters’ A9sOC.............. HonozuLv, Hawanan Ist.
KNAB. FREDERICK, U. S. National Museum...... ............ WASHINGTON, D. C.
KNAUS, W......... eee MCPHERSON, KANSAS.
LUDLOW, MISS C. S., Army Medical Museum............ .... WASHINGTON, D. C.
LYMAN, HENRY H............... ................... ene e ees MONTREAL.
MACGILLIVRAY, PROF. A. D. Cornell University ............. ITHACA, N, Y.
MEAD, THEODORE L............. ............................ Ovigepo, FLORIDA.
MITCHELL, MISS EVELYN G., U.S. National Museum ...... WASHINGTON, D. C.
MONTIZAMBERT, ERIC ST. L. P.............. Léscsessesesses Port Hope, Ont.
MORRIS, F. J. A., Trinity College School. ........................ Port Horr, Onr.
OSBURN, RAYMOND C., Columbia University .................. New York.
PEARSALL, RICHARD Finn. cece cecslecretttttttrttsste BRrooKkLYN, N. Y.
REYNOLDS, 7 ans ses GARDINER, Mainz.
ROHWER. S. A., University of Colorado........................ _, BouLpgr, Coro.
SKINNER, DR. HENRY, cademy of Natural Sciences .......... PHILADELPHIA.
SLOSSON, MRS. ANNIE TRUMBULL........................ New York.
SMITH, PROF. JOHN B., Rutgers College ..................... New Brunswick, N. J.
SWETT, L. W..)... 00... conc eee nnn Macpen, Mass.
TAYLOR, REV. GEORGE W......................., .,...,.... WaLLINGTON, B. C.
VAN DUZEE, E. P., Grosvenor Library.......................... BurraLo, N. Y.
WALKER. DR. E. M., U niversity of Torontoe.......... cee .... TorRONTO.
WASHBURN, F. L., State Entomologist......................... St. ANTHONY Parx, Min.
WATSON, F. E..................... ... . ......,....... 4... New York.
WELLM. AN, DR. F. CREIGHTON, U.S. National Museum..... WASHINGTON, D. C.
WINN, ALFRED F.uuicicuecue vence ecuereeuceceee ee. Westmount, P. Q.
WOLCOTT, 1 = esse INDIANAPOLIS,
The Canadian Bintomologist
eee
nr
Vo. XL. LONDON, JANUARY, 1908. No. 1.
BRITISH COLUMBIA SYRPHIDÆ, NEW SPECIES AND ADDI-
TIONS TO THE LIST.
BY RAYMOND C. OSBURN, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK.
In a former paper (CAN. Ent., Vol. XXXVI, Aug.—Sept., 1904) the
writer recorded seventy-eight species in this family of Diptera for British
Columbia, and suggested that a complete list would probably include
twice that number. Undoubtedly that estimate was far too small, if the
number of species which have been added in three years by a little
sporadic collecting is any criterion. With the present additions the list is
swelled to more than one hundred and twenty-five. With the exception
of ten species of my own collecting not recorded in my former paper on
account of uncertainty of determination, and nine species added by
Messrs. Currie and Dyar, of the U. S. National Museum, the material for
this additional list has been taken by local entomologists. Especial
reference must be made to the excellent work of Prof. R. V. Harvey, of
Queen’s School, Vancouver, to whose careful collecting twenty-two of the
additions are due. The remainder were taken by Messrs J. W. Cockle,
of Kaslo ; R. S. Sherman, of Vancouver, and A. W. Hanham. In 1906
Messrs. Harvey and Sherman made a tour through the Hope Mts. and
along the Nicolum River, securing a fine lot of specimens. In 1903
Messrs. H. G. Dyar, R. P. Currie and A. N. Caudell, of the U. S.
National Museum, collected in the Kootenay country, and incidentally
took forty-one species of Syrphidæ and added nine species to the B. C.
list. Mr. D. W. Coquillett has identified this collection, and very kindly
turned over the results to me for publication in the following list. The
species resting entirely on his identification are so accredited in the list.
My thanks are due to Mr. Coquillett for permission to study carefully the
collection of Syrphidæ, containing many of the type specimens, in the
National Museum. |
1. Microdon tristis, Loew.
The form fristis taken at Kaslo, June 5, 1906, by R. P. Currie, and
again by J. W. Cockle on June 5, 1906. The form cothurnatus was
recorded in our previous list.
fOLOGIST, 3
slacier, July 20, 1901, R. C.
he Harvey, and June 5, 1906, R.
e characters given by Loew for
eum” (Cent. Quarta, No. 70).
Goldstream, July 19, 1904; and
rvey.
to separate from this species by any
number of specimens, of which a
, fall unquestionably into C. tristis,
-d tristis as a synonym of pal/ipes (Syn.
-etracted his statement (554, appendix,
to the opinion that he was right in the
-cutellar lutescent markings are extremely
ecimens, and in some cases are entirely
n the amount of yellow, and the shape of the
variation even between the two wings of the
y significant fact also that the male of pa/lipes
Pending more complete study of this question,
fullowing under #ristis :
s in all taken as follows : Port Renfrew, July 6,
ig, 1901, R. C. Osburn; Goldstream, July 19, 1904;
1904, and Similkamcen, July 20, 1906, KR. V.
*at Kaslo, June ro and July 2, 1993, R. P. Currie.
+ 17, 1901, R. C. Osburn.)
sennis, Williston.
:. June 29, 1901, R.C. Osburn, and Vancouver, May 27,
vey.
ently been shown to be the
wf note that this species has re
Known ay" Bl
©. hoodiana, attacks the White or Lowlind Fir it the Sune
se facts put a somewhat different economic on the
1 Whole, rto been considered entif
“or the work and interesting
+1. U.S, Dept. Agriculture, entitled * Black Check in the Western
ty Mr HL B, Burke,
|)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
2. Microdon viridis, Townsend.
Ainsworth, July 11, 1903, by KR. P. Currie, and Vancouver, June 11,
1904, by R. V. Harvey.
3. Microdon maxmoratus, Bigot. |
A single specimen taken at Vernon, Aug. 14, 1904, by R. V.
Harvey.
4. Chrysotoxum ypsilon, Williston.
Kaslo, June 5, 1903, by H. G. Dyar. (Identification by Coquillett.)
5. Pipiza pisticoides, Williston.
Taken at Kaslo by Mr. Currie on various occasions ranging from
June r2 to July 20, and by Mr. Cockle, June 30, 19c6.
6. Pipiza nigripilosa, Williston.
A single male specimen taken at Vancouver, June 21, 1904, by
Harvey, differs from eastern specimens in having the eyes dark pilose
instead of light pilose, but otherwise the agreement is very close.
7. Pipiza quadrimaculata, Panzer.
Five specimens taken at Vancouver, July 2, 1906, by R. V. Harvey
and R. §. Sherman. This European species has not been recorded from
North America until very recently. In ‘ Psyche” for August, 1907, Mr.
C. W. Johnson notes its capture at North Mountain, Penn. and Mt.
Greylock, Mass. The species thus evidently furnishes another example of
circumpola: distribution to be added to the already long list among the
Syrphidæ. It is easily distinguished from other American species of the
genus by the two interrupted yellow cross-bands on the abdomen, forming
the four spots which suggest the specific name.
8. Chilosia chalybescens, Williston.
Grouse Mt., July 1, 1904, one specimen by R. V. Harvey.
9. Chilosia occidentalis, Williston.
Two specimens by R V. Harvey, one from the Hope Mts., July 24,
1906, the other at Vancouver, Tune 22, 1906.
10. Chilosia hoodiana, Bigot.
One female specimen from Similkameen, July 20, 1906, by R. V.
Harvey, I place here, though it shows some differences. The yellow of
the knees (‘ geniculis tibiarumque basi, fulvis,” Bigot) is almost wanting,
and the fourth abdominal segment is entirely shining.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3
11. Chilosia alaskensis, Hunter.*
Port Renfrew, July 3, 1901, and Glacier, July 20, 1901, R. C.
Osburn ; Vancouver, May 6, 1905, R. V. Harvey, and June 5, 1906, R.
S. Sherman.
12. Chilosia pallipes, Loew.
Four specimens, all females, have the characters given by Loew for
the species, ‘ humeri lutei, scutellum luteum” (Cent. Quarta, No. 70).
Glacier, Aug. 20, 1902, R. C. Osburn ; Goldstream, July 19, 1904; and
Similkameen, July 20, 1906, R. V. Harvey.
I must admit that I am not able to separate from this species by any
definite characters a much larger number of specimens, of which a
majority, and notably all the males, fall unquestionably into C. ¢ristis,
Loew. Williston at one time placed fristis as a synonym of fa//ipes (Syn.
N. A. Syrphidæ, p. 41), but later retracted his statement (#/9, appendix,
p. 293). I am strongly inclined to the opinion that he was right in the
first place, as the humeral and scutellar lutescent markings are extremely
variable in extent in my specimens, and in some cases are entirely
wanting. The legs also vary in the amount of yellow, and the shape of the
first posterior cell may show variation even between the two wings of the
same specimen. It is a very significant fact also that the male of pa/lipes
has never been described. Pending more complete study of this question,
however, I enumerate the following under #risfis :
13. Chslosia tristis, Loew.
Seventeen specimens in all taken as follows: Port Renfrew, July 6,
1901, and Field, July 19, rgo1, R. C. Osburn; Goldstream, July 19, 1904;
Vancouver, Sept. 24, 1904, and Similkameen, July 20, 1906, KR. V.
Harvey. Taken also at Kaslo, June ro and July 2, 1903, R. P. Currie.
(Banff, Alberta, July 17, 1901, R. C. Osburn.)
14. Chilosia nigripennis, Williston. |
Port Renfrew, June 29, 1901, R.C. Osburn, and Vancouver, May 27,
1905. R. V. Harvey.
*It is worthy of note that this species has recently been shown to be the
cause of the timber blemish known as ‘‘ Black Check" in the Western Hemlock,
The young larva enters an opening made in the bark by a tiny bitk beatles
(Æylesinus sp.), and develops beneath the bark, forming an unsightly acu
Another species, C. hoodiana, attacks the White or Lowland Fir in the mur
manner. These facts put a somewhat different economic anpwst on the
Syrphidz as a whole, as they have hitherto been considered entirely hiatinitean on
beneficial. For the work and interesting life-histories of these two Chilusiaa ase
Circular No. 61, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, entitled ‘‘ Black Check in the Woetapn
Hemlock,” by Mr. H. E. Burke.
4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
15. Chilosia plumosa, Coquillett.
A single specimen taken by the writer at Glacier, Aug. 20, 1901,
seems, after comparison with the type, to belong here without question.
The species was described from Ormsby Co., Nevada, and has not to my
knowledge been recorded elsewhere.
16. Chilosia cyanea, Hunter.
Port Renfrew, July 5, 1901, one specimen taken by the writer.
17. Chilosta sp.
Two female specimens taken at Hope Mts., July 19, 1906, and at
Similkameen, July 20, 1906, by R. V. Harvey. These may be the
undescribed female of some species of CAi/osia already known from the
male, but I am not able to fit them in anywhere. I hesitate to give them
a new name in such a difficult group. The antennæ are plumose and dark
in colour ; scutellum with bristly hairs; tubercle much as in C. #ristis,
body metallic-black, with very short yellowish pile ; legs black, yellowish
at the knees ; length, 7 to 8 mm.
18. Chilosia sp.
One female taken at Field, July 18, 1902, by the writer. The
antenna are lacking, and I cannot place it in any species known to me.
19. Melanostoma coerulescens, Williston.
Kaslo, July 2, 1903, R. P. Currte. (Determined by Coquillett.)
20. Melanostoma trichopus, ‘Thompson.
Nicolum River at Hope, July 14, 1906, and Vancouver, July 7, 1906.
Two specimens, by R. S. Sherman.
(Melanostoma concinnum, Snow.
Banff, Alberta, July 17, t901. (One specimen by R. C. Osburn.)
21. Syrphus glacialis, Johnson.
Vancouver, March, 9; Mission, April 4, and Hope Mts., July 19,
1906, by R. V. Harvey. The species was described from Alaska.
22. Syrphus geniculatus, Macquart.
Grouse Mt., July 3, 1904, and Vancouver, June 16, 1906, R. V.
Harvey.
23. Syrphus genualis, Williston.
Glacier, Aug. 20, 1902, R. C. Osburn, and Kaslo, June 4, 1904, J.
W. Cockle.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5
24. Syrphus quinquelimbatus, Bigot.
A single male specimen taken at Mt. Cheam, Aug. 6, 1903, by R.
V. Harvey, and one female in the U. S. National Museum from Mr.
Coquillett’s collection, taken by W. H. Danby, and labeled merely “ Br.
Columbia.”
This species was described from a single female specimen from
California (Ann. Soc, Ent. France, 1884, gt), and has not since been
mentioned, The male taken by Harvey is sufficiently like the female in
the National Museum, and agrees well enough with Bigot’s description, so
that there can be little doubt as to its identity. The last two abdominal
bands on the posterior margins of segments 4 and 5 are wanting in the
male. This is the only important difference in the sexes.
25. Syrphus disjectus, Williston.
Two female specimens taken by Harvey, Hope Mts., July 18, 1906,
compare well with Williston’s description of the male. They also agree
with the female which Snow (Notes and descriptions of Syrphidæ, Kansas
Univ. Quart., July, 1892) lists from Colorado, in having whitish pile and
light-coloured lateral margins on the thorax.
26. Syrphus insolitus, sp. nov. (Fig. 1.)
Male.—Face, front and cheeks entirely shining bronze-black, with no
indication of yellowish ; with black pile on the face, front and vertex.
Face and front rather swollen, the former nearly perpendicular below the
antennæ ; tubercle broadly rounded, not prominent. Antenne dark
brown, yellowish below on second and third joints. Occiput with black
pile above and yellowish pile below. Thorax bronze-black, with light
yellow pile on the sides and black and yellow mixed on the disc (in one
specimen the whole disc is covered with black pile, and that on the sides
is reddish). Scutellum yellow, with dark reflections, the extreme base
black. Abdomen: first segment black, shining ; segments 2, 3 and 4
opaque-black except the outer posterior angles, which are shining black,
yellow as follows: a pair of spots on the middle of segment 2 attenuated
at both ends and reaching forward at the outer ends to the margin, bands
of the third and fourth segments entire, attenuated at their ends and
nearly or quite reaching the lateral margins ; segment 4 narrowly yellow
on the posterior margin, and segment 5 with an inconspicuous yellow
spot on the anterior outer angle. Hypopygium shining black. Legn:
first and second pairs yellow, bases of the femora black ; third pair datk,
the knees lighter. Halteres yellow. Wings nearly transparent, slightly
tinged with dark, stigma dark brown. Length 7 to 8 mm. (inse/ttus
= unusual).
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Z
20
4
/
\
sy Ÿ
ss"
Fro. t.—1, Syrphus iusolstus, n. sp. Head of male ; 2, Syrphus conunctus, n. sp., Head of male: 3,
Nanthogramma tenuis, n. sp. Head of female ; 4, Arctophila Harvest, n. sp, Head of male ;
4a, wing of female; 5. Sphecomyta vccidentalis, n. sp., Head of male: 6, Sphecomyia nasica,
n. sp., Head of male.
Three males taken at Vancouver, April 13, 1906, by Mr. R. V.
Harvey.
The species is easily distinguished from S. gractlis, Coquillett, which
also has a shining black face, by the presence of three yellow cross-bands
on the abdomen instead of one, by the yellow anterior legs and by the
facial tubercle, which is low instead of prominent.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 7
27. Syrphus conjunctus, sp. nov. (Fig. 2.)
Male.—Face dark yellow, descending almost perpendicularly to the
small tubercle, cheeks shining black, the black continued around in front
and up over the tubercle to the middle of the face, but interrupted behind
the mouth on the oral margin by yellow; front and vertex black, the
former with yellow pollen except near the antennæ. Pile of face, front
and vertex black. Antennæ dark, third joint lighter below. Occiput
with yellow pile. Thorax shining bronze-black, with some yellowish
pollen on the disc, and with yellow pile, Scutellum large, waxy-yellow,
pile yellow, with a fringe of dark hairs on the margin. Abdomen black,
segment 1 shining, 2 opaque, 3 opaque except the lateral borders, 4
mostly shining, 5 and the hypopygium entirely shining; three broad
yellow bands occupying the anterior half of the segments, on segment 2
the band is interrupted and the spots forming it are rounded at their inner
ends and attenuated at their outer ends, where they attain the margin of
segment ; on segments 3 and 4 the cross-bands are complete, but are so
deeply incised behind at the middle that they appear at first glance to be
interrupted, each half evenly rounded behind, and attenuated at the outer
end, where it attains the margin of the segment; segments 4 and 5 are
margined with yellow posteriorly, and the outer anterior angles of 5 are
yellow. Pile of abdomen mostly black, but yellow on the first two cross-
bands. Anterior and middle legs reddish-yellow, black at the extreme
base of the femora, and the tarsi infuscated ; hind legs reddish-brown ; a
broad dark band covers most of the femur, and the distal three-fourths of
the tibia and the tarsi dark. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, slightly
infuscate anteriorly, stigma brown.
Length, 8 mm. (conjunctus = joined, referring to the apparently inter-
rupted abdominal cross-bands).
Described from one male specimen taken at Hope, on the Nicolum
River, July 14, 1906, by R. V. Harvey.
Evidently related to S. macu/aris, Zetterstedt, but differs in having
the eyes bare, and the black of the face and legs much more restricted,
while abdominal bands 2 and 3 are incised but not interrupted.
28. Syrphus sp.
A somewhat teneral female, Glacier, Aug. 20, 1902, R. C. Osburn, I
am not able to place in any species known to me.
29. Xanthogramma divisa, Williston.
One female taken by R. V. Harvey at Vernon, Aug. 14, 1904.
8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
30. Xanthogramma tenuis, sp. nov. (Fig. 3.)
Female.— Face, cheeks and oral margin yellow, the yellow continued
above on the sides of the front to the vertex. Vertex and middle of the
front nearly to the antennæ bronze-black. Pile very fine and delicate,
that of the face whitish, of the front and vertex black. The contour of
the face below the antennte is straight to the tubercle, which is rounded
and moderately prominent. Thorax bronze-black, the lateral stripes
yellowish, rather obscure ; a large obscure whitish patch on the pleura.
Scutellum yellow, with dark reflections, the anterior angles blackish.
Pile of the thorax and scutellum yellowish, very delicate. Abdomen
black, somewhat shining, yellow as follows: a spot on each side of
segment 1, cross-bands on the anterior part of segments 2, 3, 4 and 5
interrupted at the middle and reaching the margin broadly ; segments 5
and 6 very narrowly yellow on the posterior border. Legs yellow, a
broad dark ring on the hind and middle femora and tibiæ, and the hind
tarsi infuscated. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, stigma yellow.
Length, 7 mm., a weak-looking, delicate species (/enuis = slender).
One specmen taken by Mr. R. V. Harvey in the Hope Mts., July 27,
1906.
This species resembles most S. emarginata, Say, but differs from it
in the facial contour, the interrupted abdominal cross-bands, the smaller
size and more slender form. |
31. Zoxomerus (Mesogramma) boscii, Macquart.
Kaslo, June 11, 1903, H. G. Dyar. (Identified by Coquillett.) This
species, formerly known only from south-eastern North America, has
recently been recorded by Chagnon from Montreal, and by Washburn
from Minnesota.
32. Hammerschmidtia ferruginea, Fallen.
Kaslo, June 15, 1903, KR. P. Currie, and June 14, 1906, J. W.
Cockle. The specimen taken by Mr. Cockle is much darker than any
others I have seen, so much so that its general aspect is dark instead of
reddish, On closer inspection in strong light the ground colour appears
through the darker pigment. A specimen from Ft. Morrison, Colorado,
in the U.S. National Museum, is intermediate in colour.
33. Brachyopa notata, O. Sacken.
April 13, 1906, at Vancouver, ten specimens taken at cherry. bloom
by R. V. Harvey; April 28, 1906, R. S. Sherman.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 9
34. Arctophila Harveyi, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 4a.)
Male.—Face yellow, with fine yellow pile; a shining black stripe
descends from the base of the antennæ over the tubercle, which is quite
small, to join with the black shining oral margin and cheeks. Front
black, thickly whitish pollinose, and with short black pile. Antenne
reddish, third joint quadrangular, the corners rounded; arista basal,
plumose. The antennz are inserted on black ground’ Vertex black,
shining, with black pile. Thorax and scutellum black, shining, covered
with a thick coat of pile, which is yellowish on the pleura and anterior
two-thirds of the thoracic dorsum, but jet black on the posterior third and
the scutellum ; a fringe of light pile projects from underneath the
scutellum behind. Abdomen black, shining, tip of the fourth segment
margined with red ; pile of the second segment black, that of the third
mixed black and yellowish, that of the remaining segments yellowish.
Legs black, knees reddish-brown, tips of tibiæ and basal joints of tarsi
lighter ; pile of legs abundant, mostly black. Halteres piceous. Wings
hyaline, with an ill-defined, dilute brownish cloud about the base of the
submarginal cell ; stigma yellow ; third vein entirely straight.
Female.—Similar to the male in all essential respects. The pile of
the front and vertex is yellow, intermixed with a few black hairs on the
vertex. On the thorax the yellow pile extends back almost to the
scutellum. The legs are slightly lighter in colour.
Length, 13 to r5 mm. |
Described from one male taken on Mt. Cheam, Aug. 11, 1903, and
one female from Hope, July t2, 1906. Both specimens were taken by
Mr. R. Valentine Harvey, after whom I take pleasure in naming the
species.
The genus Arctophila has heretofore been known in America by only
one species, À. flagrans, ©. S., and in Europe by two species, À.
bombiformis, Fallen, and A. mussitans, Fabricius. From all of these 4.
ÆHarveyi differs in having the third vein entirely straight. Otherwise it
conforms closely to the generic description. 4A. Âarveyi can be
distinguished at once from fagrans by the black pile of the thorax and by
the black facial stripe.
35- Æristalis Meigenii, Weidemann.
One female from Vernon, Sept, 9, 1904, and a male from the same
locality, Aug. 15, 1906, both taken by KR. V. Harvey.
10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
36. Helophilus similis, Macquart.
Kaslo, June 3, 1903, H. G. Dyar, and July 20, 1903, R. P. Currie ;
Vernon, Aug. 15, 1904, R. V. Harvey.
37. Helophilus conostomus, Williston,
One specimen taken by Harvey at Vernon, Auz. 12, 1904.
38. Helophilus porcus, Walker.
As far as 1 am aware this species has never been recorded since
Walker described it (List, etc., III, 551), and recorded it for the Hudson
Bay Territory. Osten Sacken (Cat. Dipt., 250, note 235) says: “It is
represented in the British Museum by two (male and female) specimens.
I have never seen it elsewhere.” There are in the U. S. National
Museum three unrecorded specimens, one male from Ottawa, Canada, and
a male and female from North Mt., Pennsylvania, taken June 8 by Mr. C.
W. Johnson. The specimen in my possession, from British Columbia,
was taken at Kaslo by Mr. J. W. Cockle (date not given). The species,
though apparently rare, seems to be of wide distribution through boreal
America.
39. ALerodon equestris, Fabricius.
This species has been taken previously a number of times in
America, but it has always been assumed that it was in each case an
accidental introduction from Europe in plant bulbs in which the larve
live. The occurrence of the species in several localities, and especially
the number taken in British Columbia, make it seem certain that it
properly belongs to our North American fauna. Mr. Harvey has taken
numerous specimens at Vancouver, frequenting especially the flowers of
the Salmon-berry (Audus spectabilts ).
40. Xylota marginalis, Williston.
A male of this species taken by Harvey at Duncan, April 19, 1906,
agrees in all respects with Williston’s type from the White Mts. of New
Hampshire. ‘The species has also been taken in New York, but never
before in the west. |
at. Ferdinandea ( Chrysochlamys) croesus, O. Sacken.
À male of this fine species was taken by Harvey at Victoria, June 8,
1906, on a flower of the Yellow Hawk-weed (Hieracium). The species has
previously been known from Utah and Washington southward.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11
42. Criorhina Coguilletti, Williston.
One female taken by Mr. J. W. Cockle at Kaslo, April 30, 1906.
. The female Jacks the bronze of the thdrax and abdomen, and has
bunches of yellow pile on the anterior “ corners” of the abdomen, and is
also somewhat larger, measuring 13 mm. Otherwise it agrees closely
with Williston’s description of the male from southern California. The U.
S. National Museum has a specimen from Hcquiam, Washington, collected
by Mr. Burke.
43. Criorhina armillata, O. Sacken.
Kaslo, June 18, and Bear Lake, July 21, 1903, R. P. Currie; Van-
couver, April 13, 1906, on cherry bloom, by R. V. Harvey.
44. Brachypalpus sorosis, Williston.
Kaslo, June 12, 1903, one specimen by R. P. Currie. (Identified by
Coquillett.)
45. Brachypalphus parvus, Williston.
One male and three females from Quamichan Lake by A. W. Han-
ham, and one female from Kaslo by J. W. Cockle. These specimens
agree closely with Williston’s description of the male from Colorado, the
only previous record for the species as far as I am aware. The only
point of any importance in which they disagree from the description is in
the presence of short bristles on the under side of the hind femora, but for
that matter so do my specimens of B. Rileys, Williston, from Ohio, so that
this is either a matter of variation in both species or else Professor
Williston overlooked the point in his descriptions.
The female is similar to the male, but the pile of the body is lighter
in colour, and while in the male there are a few black hairs intermixed
with the yellow on the vertex and thorax, in the female there is no black
pile. The yellow of the legs is more extensive inthe female. In size my
specimens range from 7 to 10 mm.
46. Zemnostoma equals, Loew.
One male at Kaslo, July 17, 1906, by Mr. J. W. Cockle.
47. ZLemnostoma alternans, Loew.
Kaslo, July 21, 1903, by Mr. J. W. Cockle. (Identified by
Coquillett.)
4%. Sphecomyia brevicornis, O. Sacken.
Three specimens, one male and two females, taken at Kaslo, May 6
and 26, 1905, by Mr. J. W. Cockle. ‘The female, which has not hitherto
12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
been described, agrees with the male in every particular, except, of course,
the separation of the eyes. My specimens measure considerably larger
than those of Osten Sacken, being 14 to 15 mm. The species has here-
tofore been known only from California.
49. Sphecomyia occidentalis, sp. nov. (Fig. 5.)
Male.— Head shaped about as in S. drevicornis, but the tubercle is
fuller and more rounded, and the face more concave below the antennæ.
. Cheeks and oral margin shining black. Face entirely covered with dense
yellow pollen, which is continued above around the base of the antennal
prominence. This prominence, which is shining black, points forward as
in S. dbrevicornis, and is not tilted upward as in S. vittata. The antennæ
are brownish-black, with a black, bare, basal arista; the first two antennal
joints are about equal in length, the third somewhat longer and nearly as
broad as long, rounded below and nearly straight above, the upper outer
corner being quite angular. Pile of vertex black. Thorax black, shining,
with black pile intermixed with some yellow, and with yellowish markings
as follows : in front, on either side of the midline is a small spot which
is continued backward as a faint line, on the humerus another rounded
spot, and on the transverse suture another, an elongate spot above the
postalar callosities, and a transverse line in front of the scutellum, which
in some specimens is connected with a faint mid-dorsal line ; on the
mesopleura is an oval spot, and under it on the sternapleura a smaller
round spot. ‘The scutellum is entirely black, with black pile above and
yellow on the sides. Abdomen black, with yellow bands and yellow
pile. The bands are as follows: A rather narrow band on the posterior
margin of segments 1 to 4, a broader interrupted band across the middle
of the black portion of segments 2 to 4 (on segment 4 of some specimens
this band is near the anterior margin of the segment, and it may be
connected slightly with the posterior band at the lateral margin) ; all the
bands reach the margin. On the venter there are yellow cross-bands,
interrupted at the middle, on the anterior margin of segments 2 to 4.
The hypopygium is black, with some yellow pollen and with black and
yellow pile. Legs yellowish, the femora all brown except the tip, the
posterior pair lighter than the others ; tibia with a brownish ring about
the middle, most distinct on the anterior pair, sometimes entirely wanting;
distal tarsi infuscated. Wings clouded with brownish, especially along
the veins, stigma yellowish-brown, Halteres yellow.
Female.—Similar to male in all essential respects. The fifth segment
of the abdomen is marked like the fourth. The front is considerably
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13
wider than the vertex, while in the male the eyes are narrowly separated.
There is a shining black facial stripe extending rather broadly from the
tubercle to the base of the antennal prominence, and extending narrowly
above to the insertion of the antennæ, and below to the oral margin, where,
however, it is not continuous with the black of the cheeks.
Length, 13 to 14 mm. (occidentalis = western).
Described from eight males and one female taken as follows: Glacier,
Aug. 21, 1902, R. C. Osburn ; Vancouver, May 2, 1903; May 9, 1903
(the female) ; April 23, 1904 ; April 28, 1906, and Grouse Mt. July ro,
1903, R. V. Harvey; Vancouver, April 21, 1906, and Mission, April 13,
1906, R. S. Sherman ; Hoquiam, Washington, April 29, 1904, H. E.
Burke. (The Jast mentioned was kindly lent me by Mr. Coquillett, of the
U. S. National Museum.) Mr. Harvey notes the capture of his specimens
on blossoms of Vaccinium parvifiorum, in company with wasps.
The specimen taken by myself was mentioned in my former list
(CAN. ENT., Vol. XXXVI, Sept., 1904, p. 262) as doubtfully belonging to
S. Pattoni, Will. Since then the study of better material, and especially
a comparison with the type specimen of Paftoni, show it to be entirely
different. The absence of a facial stripe in the male, the entirely black
scutellum, and the colour markings of the thorax and scutellum (which
appear to be very constant) easily distinguish the species.
50. Sphecomyia nasica, sp. nov. (Fig. 6)
Male.—Head a trifle broader than the thorax. Face produced
downward, deeply concave below the antennal prominence, the lower part
of the face with the tubercle projecting prominently forward and down-
ward. Face and front covered with a dense coat of yellowish pollen, the
black ground colour appearing on the forward projecting antennal
prominence. Cheeks shining black. Antennæ very short, scarcely more
than half of the vertical length of the eye; third joint considerably broader
than long, brownish-black, and with a long and rather stout black arista.
Vertex shining black, with black pile. Eyes narrowly separated. Thorax
black, shining, with short black pile, which is intermixed with yellowish
anteriorly, bunches of yellow pile on the pleura and postalar callosities; a
distinct yellowish pollinose spot on the humerus, and a fainter one
adjoining it above, an oval spot on mesopleura and a rounded one below
this. Scutellum entirely bronze-black, with yellow pile. Abdomen
slightly narrower than thorax, the sides nearly parallel, black, yellow
pilose, and marked with yellow as follows: on segment 1 the shining
14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
black is partly obscured by yellow pollen, segments 2, 3 and 4 each with
one cross-band of moderate width, situated somewhat nearer the base of
the segment, the band on segment 2 is interrupted at the middle, and
does not reach the margin, while the others are entire, and attain the
lateral margin. The extreme posterior margin of segment 2 is shining,
and also the lateral margins, leaving an H-shaped velvety-black area ;
segments 3 and 4 are velvety-black in front of the cross-band and shining
behind it. Hypopygium shining black. Venter with yellow cross-bands
on segments 2 and 3. Femora black except narrowly at the knees ; tibiæ
yellow, with a dark spot on distal half; the front and middle tarsi have
the basal joints yellow and the distal joints dark, the posterior tarsi are
dusky, with the distal joints darker. Halteres yellow. Wings brownish,
especially toward the costal border.
Length, 13 mm. (#asica = referring to the nose).
Described from a single specimen taken in the Hope Mts., July 27,
1906, by Mr. R. S. Sherman.
To include the new species of Sphecomyia, I have amended Willis-
ton’s table (Synopsis N. A. Syrphidæ, p. 257) as follows :
1. Antennæ very long, third joint short................ ner... vittata.
Antenne shorter than head................................... 2.
2. Scutellum yellow at base ; a complete black facial stripe from antennæ
to oral margin ....... . . 3.
Scutellum entirely black ; facial stripe wanting i in male (there j is in n the
female of occidentalis a stripe which is attenuated at both ends) ..
3. Yellow cross-bands of abdomen very broad ............ brevicornis
Cross-bands narrow. .. ........... Patton.
4. Abdominal segments 2 2to 4 each with t two relier
cross-bands.. so... ....... OCctdentalts.
Abdominal segments with only o one | yellow « cross: band. 12. Masica.
ARGYNNIS ASTARTE, DOUBL.-HEW.
BY HENRY SKINNER, M.D., PHILADELPHIA.
This was the butterfly we did not get. Dr. James Fletcher and the
writer arrived at Lake Louise, in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, on the
second day of August. One of the insects we were most anxious to
obtain was Argynnts astarte, described in 1848, and not rediscovered
unul 1888. Dr. Fletcher said Mr. Bean had taken the species on the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15
very summit of Mt. St. Piran, so we made the ascent of that peak. When
we arrived at the rocky top, the temperature was below freezing and snow
was falling and the wind blowing a fearful gale. Dr. Fletcher captured a
specimen of Chionobas Beanii at a time when the sun shone through a
break in the clouds. A butterfly came toward me as though it had started
from the South Pole, and when I raised my net to make a stroke it turned
and made for the North Pole, and, as far as I know, never stopped until
it reached there. I feel sure it was asfarte. The weather continued bad
during our brief stay in the mountains, and we did not get this interesting
species. It is said in a general way that the species is found about the
tops of the Rocky Mountains of Canada, and this article is a contribution
towards our knowledge of its habitat. It is quite interesting, and perhaps
important, to know the exact places where species are found. Mr. Bean
says it occurs on a mountain, three miles south-west of Laggan, 8,500 ft.
altitude, and on a low smooth mountain directly north of Laggan. He
also says it ocçurred at Lake Agnes in 1892.
Mrs. Nicholl says: ‘ Everywhere Brenthis astarte was to be seen,
though not generally to be caught, on every peak over 8,000 ft.” The
males haunt the summits, and the females.are to be found on the highest
grassy slopes. Mrs. Nicholl records it from Glacier Crest, Selkirk
Mountains. Mrs. Chas. Scheffer recently presented two specimens to the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, which were taken on Mt.
Athabasca (7,200 ft. alt.?). She says it has also been taken on Mt.
Temple, above the saddle. Mr. Wolley Dod records it from Devil’s Lake,
near Banff. Mr. N. Sanson captured a specimen on Sulphur Mountain at
Banff. From the above records, where should a collector go to get the
species? It is no joke to climb these mountains, and one cannot step
from the top of one to the top of another on the basis that they are flying
around nearly all the peaks over 8,000 ft. altitude. Some of the localities
mentioned are exact and some are not. It would be far better to give the
names of the peaks where any butterfly is found, and if possible the
altitude of the place of capture. Mr. Bean gives a very interesting
account of the altitudes where he worked, but does not name the peaks.
Perhaps they were not named when he was at Laggan.* I wish to pay
tribute to the valuable work done by Mr. Bean in making known the
butterfly fauna of this region.
*This was actually the case with most of the mountains at Laggan in 1890,
when Mr. Bean rediscovered A. asfarte. —[Eb. C. E.
16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NOTE ON PLUSIA PRECATIONIS AT PETUNIA BLOSSOMS.
BY A. F. WINN, WESTMOUNT.*
During the past summer the Westmount Park gardener devoted to
Petunias a circular bed about 20 feet in diameter, and knowing the fond-
ness of the Plusias for the blossoms of this plant, I paid a little attention
to it, my original intention being to see how many species I would find
visiting it.
The flowers were of the old-fashioned single kinds, small blossoms, but
hundreds of them, and were of three colours: first, a deep magenta or
purple ; second, a pale, washed-out looking variety of same, and third,
pure white.
My first visit was on August 17, before dusk, and I had not long to
wait, as while it was still quite light two Plusias appeared and quickly took a
head-first plunge into the funnel-shaped blooms. They were easily boxed,
and proved.to be both P. precationis. A number of others soon followed,
flying about among the blossoms, and I was struck with an unexpected
circumstance, that they were all selecting the dark-coloured blooms. This
seemed remarkable, as white colour in flowers has been considered a sort
of special guide for crepuscular and night-flying moths. The colour of the
Plusias matched so well that of the blooms in the now fading light, that I
wondered whether, when darkness actually set in, the moths would adjourn
to the white blooms, so walked around and around the bed, watching
developments, doubtless to the amusement or mystification of the park
frequenters. After a while a moth fluttered over the bed, and went boldly
into a white blossom. I tried to box it, but was in too great a hurry and
missed, but saw that it was no Plusia. Next moment I had it, or another
—Cucullia intermedia. ‘There were soon lots of them, and without
exception they selected the white blooms, while the Plusias kept to the
dark ones, and long after it was so dark that one could see only the
swaying blossoms by the light of the nearest street lamp, they kept to their
- respective colours. The result of the evening’s catch was 67 Plusia pre-
cationis and 23 Cucullia intermedia, and nothing else. Not a single moth
was seen to get into the tube of any of the washed-out coloured blossoms,
though they were continually fluttering past. On several other evenings
up to the 8th September, the same two moths were the sole visitors of
the Petunias.
*Read before Montreal Branch, Entomological Soc. of Ontario, Nov. 9, 1907,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17
NEW SPECIES OF COLORADO APHIDIDÆ, WITH NOTES
UPON THEIR LIFE-HABITS.
BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO.
(Continued from Vol. XXXIX, page 396.)
Mysus Braggii, n. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 1, 2, 3).
A beautiful pale yellowish or greenish-yellow louse, with bluish-green
markings ; upon Canada thistle, Carduus arvensts.
Winged Male (Fig. 3).
Described from specimens taken at Fort Collins, Colo., Oct. 26, 1906.
General colour light yellow, or greenish-yellow. Head, thorax,
antenne, tarsi and distal ends of tibiæ black or blackish. The dorsum of
the abdomen has black transverse bands on all of the segments, except
the first two. Femora black in distal two-thirds, but light near the coxæ.
The pleuron of the mesothorax, the coxæ, more or less of the cornicles,
about four or five spots on either lateral margin of the abdomen, the beak
except at base, the subanal and subgenital plates, and the nervures of the
wings, dusky brown to blackish in colour. Eyes dark red; cauda pale
yellow ; cornicles .40 mm. long, slender, cylindrical, straight, or very
slightly curved, and with flange at free end. J.ength of body, 1.80 mm.;
length of wing, 3 mm.; length of antennæ, 2.30 mm. Prothorax without
lateral tubercles, a slight tubercle on vertex of head for ocellus. Joints of
antennz measure about as follows: III .51, IV .43, V .37, VI .11, and
VII .go mm. The sensoria are abundant on segments three, four and
five. They are oval and placed with their greater diameters across the
antennal segments. A cluster of about six or eight sensoria are placed at
the end of segment six.
Winged Viviparous Female (Fig. 1).
Described from specimens taken at Fort Collins, Colorado, Oct. 5, ‘oz.
In general appearance hardly unlike the male described above, but
differs by being a little larger (about 2 mm. long), by having the black
colour upon dorsum of the abdomen in a solid rectangular patch on joints
3. 4 and 5, by having a transverse band on joint 6, and by lacking the
black tip to the abdomen, but with subgenital plate dusky. Sensoria
abundant on joints 3, 4 and 5 as in the male; cornicles slender, a little
curved and .50 mm. long.
Apterous Viviparous Female (Fig. 2).
The ground colour of this female is very pale greenish-yellow, with a
broad but more or less obscure dark stripe of green cxtending over the
thorax and abdomen about midway between the median and lateral lines
January, 1908
18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
of the dorsum upon either side. In some specimens, however, the green
colour is quite distinct and pronounced. The whole body, in some speci-
mens, is tinged more or less distinctly with flesh colour, the head being
the lightest. The distal portions of the antennæ, tibiæ, cornicles, beak
and the entire tarsi infuscated; eyes dark red; entire length of body 2
mm.; antennæ 2 mm. Joints of antennæ about as follows: I and II
together .10 mm.; III .40, IV .34, V .31, VI .10, and VII .80 mm.
Cornicles .70 to .80 mm. long, gently curved in form and quite slender.
Style rather long, upturned. The body has many capitate hairs, but there
are none of these hairs upon the antennæ or legs ; the tubercles for the
antennæ are quite prominent and slightly gibbous. The first joint of the
antenna is much larger than the second, and strongly gibbous on the inner
side, giving the appearance of receiving joint 2 upon the outer side. There
is a slight frontal prominence bearing two capitate hairs ; prothoracic
tubercles wanting. The lice have been so numerous upon the thistles as
to utterly kill many of them.
Apterous Oviparous Female.
Mr. Bragg and I have been searching for the oviparous females for at
least two weeks, and those obtained to-day (Oct. 5, ’o7) are the first that
we have noticed this season, although I saw a few eggs upon thistles one
weck ago. There certainly is not more than one oviparous female to 100
males upon the plants at this time. The eggs are bright yellow in colour
when first deposited, but gradually change to black. I am able to find
but very few of these upon the stems and leaves of the thistles, but they
are scattered in small numbers over the plants. This form closely
resembles the apterous viviparous form. A technical description has not
been made.
The Pupa.
The pupæ are light greenish-yellow in general colour, with two longi-
tudinal dashes running over the mesothorax, with a large green spot on
either side of the first segment of the abdomen, and with a broken
longitudinal line of green on either side of the dorsum of the abdomen
extending over segments three, four, five and six. ‘This green colour is
a very conspicuous marking upon the light background of the general
colour of the pupa.
I find that my winged males for a time retain the green colour mark-
ings that are so prominent on the apterous females and the pupæ. After
a few hours’ exposure to the daylight these winged males lose the green
colouring and take on the dark colouring of the abdomen mentioned
above. All of the individuals seem now (Oct. 5) to be acquiring wings,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19
ne me
and, so far as I can find, all are becoming males, although I find an
occasional yellowish-green egg that probably is being deposited by
Oviparous females upon the stems of the thistle.
The Canada thistle upon which this louse has been found occurs upon
a small area in the suburbs of Fort Collins, where the seeds were intro-
duced some twenty years ago. I have never seen the thistle in the
surrounding country, and neither Mr. Bragg nor myself have ever found
this louse upon other food-plants, but it seems probable that such must
occur here. The lice have been most abundant during the month of
October, and we have not seen them during the spring or summer months,
though carefully searched for. The lice are rather broad and flat, and so
near the colour of the leaves of the thistle that they are seen with difficulty
unless very numerous.
Myzus vince, n. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 4, 5).
Alate Viviparous Female (Fig. 5). Type specimens taken at Fort Collins,
Nov. 11, 1907, upon Vinca sp. in the College greenhouse.
General colour pale greenish-yellow. Head, antennæ, transverse
band on pronotum, mesothorax above, laterally and beneath; a transverse
band upon each segment of the abdomen dorsally, spots along lateral
margins of the abdomen, cauda, subanal and subgenital plates, tarsi, distal
ends of femora and tibiæ, and beak, except at base, black or blackish ;
eyes dark red. Upon segments 3 to 5 of the abdomen the bands unite to
form a large blotch. |
Body, 1.70 mm.; antenna, 2.37 mm.; cornicles, .29 mm.; wing, 3.20
mm.; cauda,.13 mm. Antennal joints: III .50, IV .45, V .37, VI .15,
VII .73 mm. Cornicles cylindrical, with distinct flange at apex; 3rd joint
of antenna with about 15 sensoria that are scarcely tuberculate; no sensoria
on joint 4; cauda tail-like, upturned ; beak barely reaching 3rd coxe ;
antennz upon moderate frontal tubercles, the inner sides gibbous, as are
the inner sides of the first joints of the antenna; lateral tubercles of pro-
thorax wanting. A few red specks, the eyes of embryo lice, can usually
be seen over the abdomen. In some examples segments 2, 3, 4 and 5 of
the abdomen have black transverse dashes near their iateral margins.
Apterous Viviparous Female (Fig. 4).
Colour light yellowish-green, with black markings above and dark red
eyes ; cauda concolorous with body, antenna, legs and cornicles light
ycllowish-brown ; distal ends of joints 3, 4 and 5 and all of joints 6 and
7 of anterina and extreme ends of cornicles and tarsi black ; distal ends of
tibiæ slightly infuscated.
Length of body, 1.90 to 2.10 mm.; antenna, 2.70 to 2.80 mm.;
cornicles, .45 mm, cylindrical or slightly enlarged towards base, slightly
20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
bent, and the distal end with a rather strong flange. Joints of antenna
about as follows: III .65, 1V .52, V .40, VI .18, VII .79 mm. Antennal
tubercles strongly gibbous, and first joints of antennz moderately gibbous;
cauda conical and upturned. A few of the eyes of embryos usually show as
bright red specks in the abdomen. No dark markings on ventral surface.
The black coloration above consists of rather broad irregular trans-
verse bands, one for each seginent of the thorax and one each for joints 2,
3 and 4 of the abdomen, the last being broadest and the only one that
extends across the middle of the dorsum, the others being cut by a median
light portion concolorous with the rest of the body.
It seems probable that some of the past references to 47. dianthi
are really of this species.
I hesitate to call this a new species, but have been unable to find a
description that will fit it. It is closely allied to the persica, dianthi,
achyrantes group, especially in the alate form.
Mr. Bragg has: taken this louse upon liliaceous plants, asparagus,
asparagus fern, Aquilegia and Rumex sp. in the greenhouse, and it was
sent me from Boulder, Colorado, by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, who
found it in large numbers upon a lily indoors. I have taken it repeatedly
upon Vinca and asparagus in greenhouses. Mr. Bragg tells me he has
found it colonized upon several other greenhouse plants which he has not
noted. It is evidently a very general feeder when abundant. Sexual
forms and eggs have not been found. There are many apterous but few
alate forms in the College greenhouse at this date, Nov. 20, ’o7.
Callipterus robinice, Gillette. (For description see Vol. XX XIX, page 396.)
Winged viviparous female, plate 1, fig. 6; oviparous female, fig. 7 ;
winged male, fig. 8.
This louse is solitary in its habits, and the winged forms are very active
jumpers upon being approached. It has been fairly common, but not
abundant, upon the under side of the leaves of the black locust in Denver
and about Ft. Collins for the past two years. On November gth, after
the leaves had nearly all fallen, I saw the oviparous females with their
long-drawn-out abdomens depositing eggs upon rough places in the bark
of small linbs of locust trees in Denver parks.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.
Figures 1, 2 and 3, alate viviparous female, apterous viviparous
female and alate male of AZyzus Braggti, n. sp. Figures 4 and 5, apterous
viviparous female and alate viviparous female of Mizus vince, n. sp.
Figures 6, 7 and 8, alate viviparous female, apterous oviparous female and
alate male of Caliipterus robinia, n. sp. All enlarged 15 diameters.
Original; Miriam A. Palmer artist.
THE DALAL TORE =
ADDITION? TO TS? UBT CF LatCTiki~? ECM PTE.
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that by Ms. À NM. mem pes Ps rc Voces wort zopeser
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make some romacs? Wool LE ÆBE2TÆNT Oise EAN amt avosren:
migration of sume SIECLE WHITL | He Wl TV meses
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protedice, BS mut Let..wat fe ofr Wms iter amt WA apmoGan:
Then a few smapgies 0 7 sme Lom. arecaet aut be me
protodice vecame praûuali es aut LS uw : ua 2017 Omaiecarer
and we have ito wage war will. 09e mn OT LU stow Eee memes
the cabbage famuly npr garbem at eer our gleecen mak i cecal.
sweep where prystnrim: Wowie: wa uD) LESC CII omy oe Sati el.
back upon a bed who micnmete. geatr nom merrmmen 1 Enczamt
rapa, With 1 Telos: Prusse. L acl nce in 2 smal. CIœUMNr
fly ; here it seems 20 Le immpesit aut Tr een pesrmape 1 mpm te
parasite.
Colias cesreis Saw. ANA 187 sone veat: apt ant n smme
numbers. I cangh: we ant saw nam mere fiting ove eng Eran.
where they cousd won Le iplwwet . mure w= peel see smc
Vanessa Ca:frreic. 96. Li alneuret vis A Gees SEVEILR VERT
apart. Pyrames Hewes. Fair. & ail UV UTIL uci ence.
Some of the Tuecigr weer 11 ie Jeu tet neve al
disappeared. Likewse mars 1 wet Jamia tum 1 Le i: inet Re
no longer to be fout
Argyanis Edwerds2. Kg. 2 osste wget SEC LICMETES if
numbers some years apo. J tome i comet DuZ#1 gpl corel neve
taken more. I: disappeared zt Suññeu tr 2: > Cum. LUZ pic ine Was
seen during the foliowme s-25571.
With both butterfbes 202 montt—ereca 1 72e ie — bere seems
to be a gradual and constan: miritivn fot BUELL WESL DITS ares as
far as Manitoba. but vers ire moremet: Some ns tam 25 the wesrward
or vice versa. The co. tig* lave cee cé Late Sages 27 seems io form
a barrier to migration from Gwar. 276 te Lace. Tee oss Plains tO OUT
west are an obstacle to A7" stecet StL some ‘forms new to
science occasionally appear. acd i: :5 2 = izz = *9 tnow whence ihey came.
In the south-eastern part cf ihis P:::2ce incre & much roughly-wooded
January. 1908
22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
land, mostly unfit for agriculture, and in it I do not think there is a single
collector. The few we have are nearly all in the central portion of the
Province, and I alone am near the southern. boundary.
I have taken a few specimens during the last two years of RAizagrotis
perolivalis, Smith, a species which was, I believe, originally taken near
Calgary in Alberta, and during the same years some six or seven examples
of Xylophasia Miniota, Smith, came to my sugared trees during the early
part of June. Miniota, where the first specimens were taken that reached
Dr. J. B. Smith, and hence the name, is about the centre of the western
boundary of Manitoba. The species is a large and conspicuous one, as
large as Hadena devastatrix, Brace, and one that could not possibly be
overlooked by a collector. It is strange that it should simultaneously
appear in two places so far apart.
Euxoa focinus, Smith, was taken by me for the first time in 1906.
In, I think, 1884 Deilephila lineata, Fabr., was very plentiful, so
much so that I only took the trouble to catch two or three. I have not
seen it since. The other species, D. Chamænerii, Harris, is generally to
be seen at bloom in the early summer.
In 1905 I took at sugar about two dozen of Dargida proctnctus,
Grote, prior to which date I have only taken a couple ; in 1906 I did not
see one. Whole genera have disappeared, but this may in great measure
be attributed to the destruction of food-plants by cultivation and by
cattle. I have not taken an Hydreecia for some years, thanks to my
sheep having cleared up all the weeds in the scrub and in the paddocks
round about my house. The Leucanias and the Plusias have also been
very scarce lately —probably from the same cause. I do not think I have
taken an Arctian imago or seen a larva for the last two or three years;
the same may be said of the genus Schinia.
The Chorizagrotis genus has, on the other hand, come out strongly.
I have now taken six out of the eight species listed ; during the earlier
years of my collecting I rarely met with tt. The first species to be
captured was C. introferens, Grote, and the others followed. With regard
to Geometers the case is somewhat different ; they may be here, but the
weather may be unfavourable for them to come to light or to be much on
the wing. The same with the Micros ; I have taken hardly any for the
last two seasons. In 19c6 our few species of Sphingidæ seemed to have
disappeared ; perhaps owing to the weather, light had no attraction; at all
events, I did not get any, while in some previous seasons they were a
perfect nuisance, as I had to kill them off my windows before I could take
other things that I wanted. |
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 23
I have been exchanging a little lately with brother collectors in
Saskatchewan and Alberta, and have been much struck by the apparent
differences between specimens of the same species taken here and those
from localities 500 to 800 miles further west. So much is this the case
that Manitoban species, in some instances, are hardly to be recognized at
first from descriptions made from western examples.
Besides those mentioned in the following list, I have some six or
seven Noctuids which have been seen by Dr. J. B. Smith, and regarding
whose names— if they have any—he will give no opinion without further
material ; among these are two Polias and some Euxoas. Some of the
names in my list are taken from Dr. Fletcher’s Record in the Reports of
the Entomological Society of Ontario.
I wish again to thank Dr. J. B. Smith for his unvarying patience and
kindness in identifying species for us poor collectors out in the wild
western country. Where no locality is given in the following list, the
species was taken upon my own farm: |
Acronycta cretata, Sm.—At sugar in the early part of July. I have
taken several specimens during the last three or four years, but never in
any large numbers. |
Acronycta speratina, Sm.—I understand that Dr. Smith now says that
what we had formerly named sperata, Grote, is a new species.
Hadena cerivana, Sm.—Several during the last few years, both at
bloom and at sugar, but never abundant.
Hadena exhausta, Sm.—Several at sugar in the beginning of July.
Hadena Barnesii, Sm.—Aweme (Criddle), Aug. 22.
Xylophasia Miniota, Sm.—Several at sugar in June ; also at Miniota.
Homohadena fifia, Dyar.—More abundant here than the paler
badistriga with the white secondaries. At light during the summer.
Ancocnemis iricolor, Sm.-—At light, Aweme, Sept. 9.
Rhyncagrotis scopeops, Dyar.—Or something very much like it.
Several taken with a/fernafa at sugar during August.
Rhyncagrotis minimalis, Grote.—At sugar in August ; rare.
Rhyncagrotis anchocelioides, Guen.— Formerly listed as cupida.
Agrotis aurulenta, Sm.—Aweme, June 16, 1904.
Noctua substrigata, Sm.—Rounthwaite (Marmont).
Chorizagrotis inconcinna, Harv.—Several of this variable species
flying about currant bloom, etc., in June.
Rhizagrotis perolivalis, Sm.—Two taken for the first time in 1906 at
bloom.
24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST.
Euxoa focinus, Sm.—Two taken at sugar, July 20; first appearance.
Euxoa acutifrons, Sm.—Two taken at sugar, Aug. 26, r9c4, and
Sept. 10, 1905.
Anytus profundus, Sm.—With privatus at sugar, occasionally.
Fishia Yosemite, Grote.
Mamestra juncimacula, Sm.—At sugar in July ; scarce.
Mamestra Columbia, Sm.—Listed as 44. meditata, Grote.
Mamestra Tacoma, Streck.—Sometimes rather plentiful at bloom.
Mamestra cuneata, Grote.—One only, at sugar, July 4, 1904.
Mamestra acuterrima, Sm.—At sugar in July ; sometimes plentiful.
Mamestra pensilis, Grote.—Listed as zicina, Grote.
Mamestra larissa, Grote.—Listed as anguina, Grote.
Leucania multilinea, Walk.—Two or three taken at light.
Xylina innominata, Sm.—Listed as ségnosa, Grote.
Xylina merceda, Sm.— | Plentiful at sugar of late years in Sept.
Xylina ancilla, Sm.— and Oct.
Papaipema Harristi, Grote—One only, at sugar.
Orthosia Americana, Morr.—One at sugar, Aug. 8, 1904.
Orthosia helva, Grote.—One at sugar, Sept. 7, 1904.
. Orthosia verberata, Sm.—At sugar occasionally with d:colorago, Guen.
Nycterophaeta luna, Morr.—Aweme, June 23.
Pseudotamila Avemensis, Dyar.— Aweme.
Melicleptria sexata, Sm.—Aweme.
Pæctes oculatrix, Guen.—Aweme, June 20.
Aletia argillacea, Hubn.—One at sugar, Sept. 30, 1905.
Drasteria distincta, Neum.—One or two occasionally.
Syneda Hudsonica, G. & R.—Listed as Melipotis limbolaris, Geyer.
Catocala crataegi, Saund.—Fairly abundant at sugar.
Catocala abbreviatella, var. Whitneyi, Dodge.—Rare ; only two taken.
Catocala cerogama, Guen.—Two taken for the first time, Aug. 18,
1906.
Catocala verecunda, Hulst.—Rare.
Catocala relicta, Walk.—The white form dsanca, Hy. Edw., and a
very dark form, almost, if not quite, as dark as the Pacific Coast form
elda, Behr., have been fairly plentiful during the last few years.
Bomolocha lutalba, Sm.—About the middle of July, 1905, on the
wing about cherry, saskatoon, etc., bushes, with Chy/oltla petrealts, etc.
Prionapteryx nebulifera, Stephen.—Aweme.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25
NEW HISTORIES AND SPECIES IN PAPAIPEMA (HYDRCECIA).
BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y.
(Continued from Vol. XX XIX, page 317.)
It is rather remarkable that in penetrating the seclusion which has so
thoroughly surrounded our Papaipema species until recently many new
specific forms should be met with prior to the discovery of the early
histories of some already described. In fact, it seems very much easier
to go out and encounter something new and unheard of among their
Jarvæ, than to run down in their early stages certain species already long
known to us as moths. Of course, in territory as little worked as our
great Northwest, with its diversity of elevation and humidity, this might
easily occur, but to meet a species new to us in New York City limits
that is general throughout the Atlantic States, and even occurs west of
the Alleghany Mountains, and is actually a most common insect when we
know where to put our finger on it, gives us a better conception of the
habits of this secretive genus. So, when another new form first appears
at Rye, where for many years a search of presumed diligence has con-
tinued, we are reminded how superficial were the endeavours and how
little has been seen after all. Two years ago an enigmatic form was bred,
and was carried for want of better definition under the label ‘(?} hybrid,”
but of what it might be a hybrid did not satisfactorily suggest itself. It
soon appeared that there was no ground for considering so prevalent a
form a random case of hybridism ; its constancy and wide distribution
argue against even an environmental variation that might be perpetuating
itself. Neither is it suggested by any lapse of superficial character that
some allied species wandering to a new food-plant has acquired a new
habitus which we do not now recognize. Confronted by these facts, and
finding its larva differing from the closest allies, we are able to give
specific standing to still another departure in the Papaipema group.
Papaipema duplicatus, n. sp.—Form congeneric, front smooth.
Ground colour dark brown. Antenne simple in both sexes ; vestiture of
thorax and head one shade of grayish-brown with a lilac reflection, the
collar having but the faintest paler edging above ; the anterior thoracic
tuft proportionate, but less adze-shaped than in some species; other
tuftings normally present. Primaries have the markings obsolete, except-
ing the t. a. and thet. p. lines that divide the wing into three slightly
January, 1908
26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
contrasting areas, of which the median space is unduly contracted, and
has on the inner margin of the wing less than one-third of this extent, an
unusual feature. A slight powdering of glistening-gray scales occurs, but
they are more minute and scattered in this species. No basal markings ;
all inside the t. a. line is grayish-brown with the lilac tinting. The spots
are wanting in the median field, which is of a solid brown or umber hue,
excepting one specimen of the series, which shows the central, lunulate
marking of the reniform, barely defihed with grayish scales. The t. p.
line is the more evident marking, and is straight or nearly so in its
oblique course ; it is fasciate rather than geminate, accentuated outwardly
by a grayish powdering that affects the whole terminal space; the under
colour is the same lilac-gray as the anterior space. The s. t. line is
obsolete, or traceable only by a few glistening scales. Subterminal space
darkens at the margin. The fringes are silken and slightly dentate.
Secondaries pale smoky-brown. Beneath the usual powderings over a
lighter ground colour. The structural characters of the male show no
departure from the typical form. Expanse, 1.25 to 1.50 inches ; 32 to
37 mm.
Co-types are placed in the U. S. National and the British Museums.
Seventeen examples, from various points within a four-hundred-mile
radius, happen to be at hand for description, but the species is doubtless
common throughout the geographical range of its food-plant. It comes
closest, perhaps, to méfe/a, but its darker, browner tone easily separates it,
and the very late date of flight is a noticeable feature.
The food-plant is Collinsonta Canadensis, and the young larve do
not hatch from the hibernated eggs until the middle of June in this locality.
‘The stem is entered a few inches above ground, where sufficiently tender,
and a gallery is extended to the peculiar woody root-stock. But a limited
cell is here made, though the last three stages are passed in the root
proper, and pupation generally occurs there if the tissues are not broken.
The young larvæ are typical with the z/te/a series. In the penultimate
stage we find the typical, cylindrical larva, from which the previous darker
colouring has faded to a soiled, whitish translucence, and having the
continuous dorsal line in evidence. Head, 2.2 mm. wide; chestnut-
brown, darker than wifela, and with the side marking less distinct. The
thoracic and anal plates are also darker, and the tubercles, though small,
are better defined than in the ally. While the leg plates bear setæ, there
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27
seems an entire absence of the latter at any tubercle on joints two to ten,
inclusive. The accessory plate [Va on joint ten does not appear. Length,
38 to 40 mm.
Maturity shows the larva a little more translucent, with the former
characteristics continuing; sete, however, are now found at the usual
plates. It is possible the inflate of the preceding stage may have
suffered in preparation, as the hairs ought normally to be present. Head,
2.6 mm. wide ; tubercles defined by the merest black dots; IVa absent
on joint ten; spiracles small, black. Length, 42 to 45 mm. Pupation
occurs Aug. 15 to 21 ; emergence, Sept. 30 to Oct. 28.
By the difference in colour of the head one may readily separate this
larva from either nfe/a or eupatorii, and differences of the dorsal line, or
the tubercle [Va on joint ten, afford distinguishing features when compar-
ing necopina, imperturbata, or nelita, while it is a month behind the last
named species in final developments.
The active, shining, chestnut-brown pupa has no frontal development
or other feature out of the ordinary. The anal spur consists of two
divergent, slightly curved and very sharp branches. Length, 20 mm.
It has recently developed that one of our Papaipema moths is
incorrectly determined, and permission has been granted to define this
improperly-placed species. Material forwarded to the British Museum to
assist a forthcoming volume of the Catalogue of Lepidoptera, contained
examples of the presumed /mpida, of Guenée. Sir Geo. Hampson
informs us, however, that the determination is quite in error, that the
type, which is there placed, positively represents some other species.
This leaves the species we have been calling /impida without position,
and as it is one which the writer observed in its early stages at Rye,
permission for a further treatment affords great pleasure. It had been
inferred from Grote’s writings that Zmphida was very close to cerussata, so
it was easy to get this erroneous impression concerning our Speedwell
form. The very labour involved in lcating and securing bred examples,
together with its trim appearance and distinctive larval phases, has quite
endeared the species to the writer. Also its rarity as a larva, the
extremely local features of its occurrence, which is more a particular plant
selection rather than a case of geographical distribution, and its late
appearance as a moth, has surrounded the species with an individuality
most welcome: in a genus necessarily showing many commingling
characteristics. During the seven years since thé larva was discovered in
28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
one of the few wasteland spots that are left in Rye—and chance, by the
way, has not thus far furnished it from other quarters—a continued local
search has been made each year, and itis thoroughly known just what
particular Speedwell root will give up a larva each year. So scarce are
they, however, that four or five specimens per season is the best addition
we can make to our series, and it now follows we must have a new name
for the old friend.
Papaipema sctata, n. sp.—Ground colour very deep umber-brown,
with a tinge of purple lake in fresh material. Head and thoracic vestiture
‘of one deep purple-brown hue ; the abdomen is umber-brown, without the :
purple inflection. Antenne alike in both sexes, ciliate, the upper and
outer sides dark umber, the inner side distinctly white ; a small white
scale at the base. The collar has the usual cream-white edging above ;
the anterior thoracic tuft erect and spreading at the top; the posterior
one of the usual lesser prominence, its hair-like scales sloping backward
at forty-five degrees ; dorsal crests of abdomen normal. Primaries have
the costal margin very straight, the markings in some instances are
obscure, the chief ornamentation being the cream-white stigmata, Basal
spots and area not defined, all within the t. a. line of the purplish shading
as the thorax ; the median field deep umber-brown, becoming brighter at
the inner margin, where an illumination of red-brown scales often occurs.
The median shade line faint, blackish. The t. p. line is geminate, sweeps
outward from its costal inception to the lower end of reniform, continuing
thence nearly straight to the inner margin. S.t. line appears as an
irregular, darker illumination on the glistening purple ground of the
terminal and subterminal spaces. Reniform of the normal broken appear-
ance, cream-white. Orbicular and claviform same colour, the latter
double, a commingling of two, superimposed, ovate spots ; the axis of this
marking forming a more acute angle with the costa than is the case in
most species. The usual patch of lighter ground colour at the apex is
wanting in the series. Secondaries of a uniform smoky-umber hue, the
veins showing darkly. There is some variation in: the depth of this
colouring. Beneath the wings are heavily powdered with dark scales, the
fringes and mesial shade line darkly defined. The male structures, while
typical, differ from duplicatus and nitela in having the lower point of the
triangular tip of the harpes less drawn out and tooth-like. The clasper ts
the same stout, curved claw, with its outer edge minutely roughened like
saw-teeth.
Expanse, 1.20 to 1.45 inches ; 30 to 36 mm.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, ~ 99
Fourteen specimens, embracing both sexes, are at hand, and others
have been reared. Examples bearing a co-type label will be placed in the
U. S. National and British Museums, where the species is already
represented by specimens from Rye, N. Y. It must have a wide distribu-
tion over the Middle Atlantic States, though Webster, N. H., is the only
other locality positively recalled. Sciata resembles both cerussata and
frigida, but its smaller size, darker tone and absence of white basal spots
superficially separate it, while its larva is entirely different. For descrip-
tion of the latter, with notes of early history, consult this magazine (CAN.
Ent., Vol. XXXIII, p. 64). Correspondents will now bear in mind the
change in the /impida label.
There seems reason for the introduction of two other species at this
time, in view of forthcoming literature, so that our list may be as fully up
to date as possible. One of these is a Pacific Coast form, the other an
eastern one, which probably has a boreal tendency. While it might have
been better to await a larval acquaintance, it is feared this desideratum
may be too remote to be waited for.
Papaipema imperspicua, 0. sp.—Form congeneric, front smooth.
Ground colour yellowish-brown. Antennæ minutely ciliate, no white
scales at base. Head and thorax purple-brown, the erect tuft spreading at
the top, posterior tuft and the abdominal ones also normal. Basal spots
indistinct, of the ground colour. T. a. line geminate, of the usual sinuous
course, but its lower section bends outwardly and encloses more area than
is usual ; this area is an even, dull purple. The t. p. line is distinctly
geminate and even in its course, the inner line a fine brown lunulate
marking. It has an angled bend as it passes the reniform, rather than the
broad sweep which is common to so many. The median field is yellowish-
brown, the lower part yellower and brighter. The shade line is distinct
and of a deep brown. The central marking of the reniform is all that
appears, defined in a lighter hue of the ground colour. Orbicular and
claviform wanting. The s. t. line isa fine lunulate yellow marking ; at
the costal tip there is outwardly a yellow dash. The terminal space is the
even shade of purple which holds inside the t. a. line, the subterminal space
is yellowish-brown again. Secondaries even smoky-brown. The male
structures agree with the pattern of sife/a, the outwardly dentate harpes
with a prolonged lower lobe, and the heavy spinulated tip, follow the
common design. Expanse, 1.50 in.; 37 mm.
30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The species in a way resembles ##imoda and frigida, but the sexual
characters preclude such an association. With cerussata there may be a
closer bond, but the latter has been seen with concolorous stigmata, and
this phase of its variation is understood. The type is from Mrs. A. T.
Slosson, taken at Franconia, N. H., a locality renowned for the multitude
and value of its disclosures. Buffalo, N. Y., is another locality for the
species.
Pap upema limata, n. sp.—Form congeneric, front smooth, pattern
conventional. Vestiture of head and thorax yellow, overlaid with pinkish
scales ; the tufts normal. Antennz simple. Wings are a little narrow ;
ground colour bright lemon-yellow. The absence of powderings on the
primaries makes them appear more thinly scaled than usual. Basal area
defined and of the ground colour. T. a. line incomplete, in the lower
half of its course lost entirely. The area it encloses is small and of the
dull pink which replaces, in this case, the usual purple markings. The
t. p. line is double, though the inner one is extremely fine ; the outer is
well shown, is the most noticeable of any transverse marking, curves
outwardly past the reniform, from which it is well removed and defines a
median field of good proportion, brightly coloured with the ground shade.
The shade line is wanting, but a washing of the pinkish hue holds between
the orbicular and reniform. The latter is broken, restricted in length, its
axis is one-third less than that of the other combined spots and is pure
white. The claviform and orbicular are large and brightly white, the
former consisting of two confluent ovate spots, the latter a larger ovate
spot. The terminal space is pink, the subterminal yellow, but there is no
definite line dividing the two. The secondaries are paler yellowish and
very silken. The beautiful silken fringes are a little pinker than the
adjoining wing. Underneath of the same pale yellow, with pink
powderings.
The type specimen comes to hand through the courtesy of Prof. J. B.
Smith, and bears the locality label of the Washington Experiment Station,
Pullman, Wash., date Sept. 25th, 1898, but the name of the collector is
wanting. ‘The species has no very close counterpart in the east, and
approaches somewhat insu/idens, which comes from Vancouver Island,
but its lighter tone and markings sufficiently differentiate it. While the
antennz and abdomen are broken, the specimen is in good condition
Otherwise, and may well stand as the type to represent the species.
ppm: eee
? ar Led el
crm As 7 Rs me = tx. ee
LA Re oe
THE CANAD:AN ENTOMOLOGIST, 31
Se ee
A FOSSIL LEAF-CUTTING BEE.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO.
In the course of our excavations at Florissant, we had found more
than once fossil leaves cut as though by Megachile. Yet we did not feel
positive that the injury might not have been produced in some other
manner, and it was certainly not permissible to assume the former
presence of AMegachile on such slender evidence. However, in going over
the collections of 1907, I now find a veritable leaf-cutting bee, herewith
described :
Megachile pradicta, n. sp.
9? .—Length (with the head thrust forward) 11 mm.; width of head
3, of thorax 4, of abdomen 33/, mm.; abdomen oval, its length about 5
mm.; the dense ventral scopa can be clearly seen with the compound
microscope, and the apical depressions of the segments are visible and
quite normal. Head and thorax black, abdomen red. As preserved, the
wings are also red, but this is due to a ferruginous infiltration. The
abdomen is no doubt stained in the same way, but since it was evidently
not black, it was presumably red, as in the Australian 47. abdominalis.
Smith. Head and thorax strongly and extremely closely punctured ;
punctures on front considerably larger than those on mesothorax ; clypeus
densely punctured; inner orbits straight, somewhat converging below ;
ocelli large, in a curve ; a groove runs downward from the middle ocellus.
Anterior wing about 7 mm. long (the tip not visible); venation quite
normal; stigma large for a Megachile; marginal cell rather obtusely
pointed, away from costa; basal nervure ending a little behind (apicad
of) transverso-medial ; second transverso-cubital with a double curve ;
second recurrent nervure gently and evenly curved outwards, and ending
a little before tip of second submarginal cell, the cell being rounded, not
angulate, at its lower outer corner; lower part of basal nervure quite
strongly curved.
The following measurements are in micromillimeters :
Depth of stigma, 238 ; length of marginal cell, 2006 ; width of mar-
ginal, 510; length of first submarginal, 1343 ; of second submarginal,
5122; Of first discoidal, 1921 ; basal nervure on first s. m. about 340;
b. n. on first discoidal, 935 (or rather more, allowing for curve) ; b. n.
short of t. m. about 68 ; length of first t. c., 340; origin of first t. c. to
insertion of first r. n., 102 ; insertion of first r. n. to insertion of second,
986 ; insertion of second r. n. to corner of second s, m. about 68 ; insertion
January, 1908
32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
of second t.c. on marginal to apex of latter, 935 ; length of first r.n,
969 ; diameter of second discoidal cell at apex, 663; diameter of ocelli
about 255 ; distance between middle and lateral ocelli about 170. The
t. m. nervure is straight, scarcely oblique, 306 long.
Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado, Station 14 (W. P. Cockerell,
1907).
This is the first fossil Megacht/e. A nameless Cha/icodoma was said
by Brischke (1886) to occur in Prussian amber.
MOSQUITO NOTES.—No. 6.
BY C. S. LUDLOW, M.SC., WASHINGTON, D. C.
Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon-General, U.S. Army, Washington, D. C.
In a collection of mosquitoes from the Philippine Islands, received
with no locality or date attached, is a most interesting lot of Stegomyia
Jfasciata (calopus ).
In all cases the thoracic markings are those of the type, sometimes
those of var. mosquito, Desv.; the leg markings are normal ; the cephalic
markings vary from normal to an almost entirely pure white head, and the
abdomen from the normal to a pure white (dorsal surface) abdomen.
All grades of this latter peculiarity are present, some specimens having
only additional apical bands on the segments, some showing a continuous
median white stripe, some with all the segments but the 6th and 7th pure
white, while a few have the whole of the dorsal aspect of the abdomen, pure
white, with the exception of a small lateral brown spot on the last segment.
In a collection of about forty specimens twenty-one showed some form
of these variations. Once before I had one specimen of this specics with
a white abdomen, and I have also reported one specimen with one hind
leg normal and the other lacking the white bands, but a lot like this has
never reached me before. There has also been received a new Cellia—
a genus not before reported from the Philippines.
Cellia flava, n. sp.—Female. Head dark, covered mostly with light
yellow or white forked scales, a few brown ones laterad and ventrad, a
heavy bunch of very long, slender white curved scales projecting forward
between the eyes, some brown bristles around the eyes ; antennz almost
white, a minute brown band at the base of each row of verticels, verticels
and pubescence white ; palpi almost white, basal joint testaceous, the
distal half covered with yellow and white scales, i.e., the apex with a broad
band of white followed by a broad yellow band, a minute brown basal
January, 1908
THE CANADIAN KNTOMOLOGIST. 33
band on the ultimate and penultimate joints, the antepenultimate is
distally white, then a broad yellow band occupying most of the joint, a
narrow basal brown band, and the remainder of the palpi heavily scaled
by brown with some intermixture of yellow scales. Proboscis light, base
heavily brown scaled, then a mottled portion extending to the distal third,
which is covered with light yellow scales, except a narrow brown band at
its extremity, labella light orange ; clypeus testaceous ; eyes brown.
Thorax : prothoracic lobes testaceous, covered with light and brown
flat spatulate scales; mesonotum light and delicate, with two small
submedian or laterad brown spots (not scaled) about one-third the length
of the mesonotum from the head, sometimes another pair just cephalad-
laterad to these, a suggestion of a brown median line, the whole (except
spots) covered with white slender hair-like curved scales, a few small flat
curved or spatulate scales scattered throughout, more noticeable laterad,
especially cephalad of the wing joint, and at the nape growing into a tuft
of long flat curved spatulate scales, a dark median spot in front of the
scutellum ; scutellum dark in the middle, side light, brown bristles;
pleura light, with some brown lines ; metanoturn light, with median brown
stripe.
Abdomen light or dirty gray, sparsely covered with long flat spatulate
white or yellow scales and white or light yellow bristles, heavy lateral tufts
of long brown broadly truncate scales on most (6) of the segments, the
last segment more heavily white scaled.
Legs: coxæ light, sparsely covered with long spatulate white scales,
and white bristles ; trochanters light, mostly brown scaled ; femora of the
fore legs somewhat thickened at the base, in all legs covered with irregular
bands or spots of brown and white, and have a very narrow white apical
band ; tibiæ mottled in the same way, first tarsal (metatarsi) joint also
mottled, and has narrow apical light bands more marked on the hind
legs ; remainder of tarsal joints on fore and mid legs more or less distinctly
mottled and having narrow apical light bands ; on the hind legs the second
tarsal has a broad apical white band, the third broad apical and basal
white bands ; the fourth and fifth marked in the same way; ungues sim.
ple and equal.
Wings light, and mostly light scaled, on the costa are two tiny basal
dark spots, four large brown spots, and a tiny brown spot between the
two more proximal larger spots; all of which extend on the first long
vein, and an analogous intermediate spot on the first long vein. Wing-
field somewhat spotted, but mostly light scaled ; a dark spot on each fork
34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST,
of the second long vein, third long vein light except small spots at the
apex and near its base, two small spots on the forks of the fourth, and a
couple on the stem, three small spots on upper fork of fifth, one on the
lower fork, stem light except that close to the base is a small dark spot,
sixth has three small spots, and the wing fringe is spotted between the
junctions of every vein.
Length 3.5 mm. 5 mm. with proboscis.
Male, much as female. On the antennæ the bands at the bases of
the verticels are more yellow; the palpi are not so distinctly marked,
there being a narrow brown band in the middle of the ‘club,” a white
band followed by yellow at the apex of the penultimate, with a brown spot
on one side and a very narrow basal brown band, the antepenultimate has
the light and dark bands rather irregularly placed and a tiny narrow white
band at the base (in one specimen this is nude). The leg markings are
perhaps more brilliant ; fore ungues markedly unequal, the larger with
a long tooth. |
Habitat— Camp Wilhelm, Tayubar, P. I.
Taken Sept, 1907.
Described from four specimens collected by the Surgeon on duty at
this Port. It is a very unusual looking Anophiline, and its colouring is
very attractive.
A SUGGESTION REGARDING DEVELOPMENT RETARDED
BY PARASITISM.
BY L. 0. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.
In volume V. of the Hope Reports, Professor Poulton republishes an
article by Mr. F. P. Dodd, entitled, ‘ Notes on Some Remarkable Para-
sitic Insects from North Queensland,” which was originally published in
the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, for May, 1906,
Part I. In this article, among other interestiñg things, Mr. Dodd shows
definitely that Schizaspidia and Rhipipallus of the Eucharide are true
parasites of ants. But the observation to which I wish particularly to call
attention is Mr. Poulton’s comment upon Mr. Dodd’s observations that
indicate a remarkable and long-persistent vitality in larvæ attacked by
Braconid parasites. Mr. Poulton says: ‘It is probable that within hot
latitudes, where a dead insect would quickly dry up and in other ways
deteriorate as food, the attacks of parasites have been specially adapted to
January, 1908
7 DANGERS! SESE x"
DIDI 2e VID: Ie I OO Ve ome ama ce
AIWAY: S035: OG Bet we mamas” Me LL F mores: sen
TRE FRRIREUR 3-1 Merge: corms 1 feemmma DURS Re
260 OCCUT wit ee mareerse an E ke 2x arrest 1 «tte
(har nol ETUDE À en er Me ST Certes az Ob
SCD amc _ mat: of te iv € rss, PES L her Rs on
Masnmeum mo 1:22. Zi KE te AC AN Weary VIS tre
IDSÉC Wert AIDE 2ONEGAD LP IB- E2 SCT D IDE SRI ere
TAREL Li ir £LOTAICT: AMIE SOMFE ZOO 2ONS CMS RETENIR ©
Paras. ™ OPLNSSPR LME US UT
Some Of tt ODESTEZIOS mam 2 nn ime: Wee: PROMOD Mom: i
the Americar Navas: io Feprazgm ids: D Tame. BTR aH HO IR
Annua Repor: of im Jéns-mmeer D AZUR ty ANS 7 D: le
bebevec tnen. amc — toma Mic =Z=pREZ Sans re ZONE neue LOS
@vel DUDISRED Lil EISÉEMRET. LOL LUE DIETIOA NT DL ASN RETURN .
parasitism: Wat 00. ReCSssaTn MOIS 9 Ie Whos metemiak LU UN
seaSoD, DU: INCMCAEEC taal Tet DRITARTIPEC AUS OMIS ARS Ik
feid. and wimou: ons svIem™ of memos HU à CRRMSTARÉE naw
after ine unpeamastizec DAGIVICDSE mat SDUE ur ant Ian ‘.
chrvsaias.
In fact. © ireguentis occa Witt INGOTISTONS AVR. ang. al caus.
with o:ber msects as wel. ica Das MO'TIOURS grow MAR KO A
than the rest. and often mav be idemimer nv ner smaier size Many. na
we know. are destroveG Betore reacnme tui growin IW CTI ARR
but many others react ne ful ia-va size anc nee: an. shygesh ob AAA
be, but apparaniis unharmec ju: z comsideraie tame ake: chor cases
mates have crawled awar and maden :nemseives WOT TTATSIO ASI, OS
even perhaps. in case of muripis-hronded snecres, EN. NEV Ts NAN 6
succeeding generation have approximated their Stage OF TOW
The practical feature of ai. nis M work WHEY pPalasiivs comers AY
the fact that we must take this retardation stncliv MO werden or
estimating percentages of parasitism. Should lane ow oonanter alse
number be collected at the end of the season and hept fer martring pu
poses, it appears that through this retardation of parasitved lai aditae 1
may easily happen that an apparently almost complete penentiay ot
parasitism will be observed which will by no means indicate Ue tone yet
centage with the generation as a whole.
aN
36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
LAMPYRIDS AND APHIDS.
BY ERIC MONTIZAMBERT, PORT HOPE, ONT.
The great value of the Lampyride as destroyers of various insect
nuisances in their larval stages is too well known to need comment, but I
doubt if many persons are aware that at least one species of this sub- order
has a particular relish for a certain aphid.
On June 8th, 1906, I was attracted by swarms of insects to a clump
of Golden rod f Solidago Canadensis) ; on drawing nearer I discovered
that the insects were Lampyrids of a common species ( Ze/ephorus caro-
linus). Hundreds were swarming over the plant, and this fact caused
me to look more closely. Upon doing so I discovered that they were
greedily devourirg the big red aphids which were very common on
Solidago about here. The beetle would seize the aphid from the rear
with his mandibles and front feet, and in a few seconds would leave him
sucked dry. The number of aphids destroyed in this manner was.
enormous. When I visited the plant the next day I saw nothing but
hundreds of dried-up aphid skins ; no beetles were visible. The aphid
was Siphonophora rudbeckia.
A weck later I noticed the same occurrence at a place eleven miles
distant. ‘The insects were identified for me by Dr. Fletcher, of Ottawa.
STHENOPIS THULE.
Zo the Editor of the “Canadian Entomologist” :
S1r,—I cannot allow the note of censure appended by you to my
paper on “ Collecting Sthenopis Thule,” in the December number, to pass
unchallenged, as I feel that it is undeserved.
The former supposed great rarity of this moth was due to our
ignorance of the food-plant, and, therefore, of the proper localities in which
to look for it. Ass to its supposed restriction of range, it 1s inconceivable
that a moth which feeds upon so common and generally distributed a tree
as the willow, and which produces such an enormous number of eggs,
could really be restricted to a very limited locality. Mr. Lyman found a
specimen in the British Museum which had been received from Mr. Barn-
ston, and was supposed to have been taken, along with other specimens, at
St. Martin’s Falls, on the Albany river. If it was really taken there, it
shows a very wide distribution to the north, but even if that specimen was
taken at Montreal, as has been privately suggested, there is still the state-
ment of Dr. Strecker that he had received a drawing of one taken in
Wisconsin, which would show a wide distribution to the west.
That it has not been taken to the south may indicate a northern
range, and I believe that it will be found in a northerly and north-westerly
direction, if looked for in its season where willow scrub abounds. It
should also be remembered that as its season is so short, it probably mates
immediately, and oviposits very early.
It should also be remembered, as Dr. Knaggs points out in his
“ Guide,” that.a moth which flies in the dusk of the evening will also,
under favourable circumstances, fly in the dusk of the dawn, when it will
be free from molestation by even the most greedy collector.
200 Mitcheson St., Montreal, Dec. 24th, 1907. EDWARD DENNY.
Mailed January 8th, 1908.
EXCHANGES.
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines
are liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.
HEPIALUS THULE to exchange for other rare N. A. Hepialidæ not in my
collection.—H. H. Lyman, 74 McTavish Street, Montreal, Canada.
COLEOPTERA.---Many papers by LeConte, Horn, Fall and others to exchange
for Buprestidæ and Cerambycidæ. List on application.--G. CHAGNON, P. O.
box 186, Montreal, Canada.
HYMENOPTERA AND COLEOPTERA, both European and Exotic, offered in
exchange for Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Decapod Crustaceans of Canada
and the United States.-—A. DUCHAUSSOY, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine Inferieure,
France.
HOMOPTERA.—I would be glad to get material in the Noctuid genus
Homoptera and its allies from all parts of the country for study in the preparation
of a revision of this series. I will name and return specimens promptly, for the
privilege of retaining such as may be needed in completing the work. JOHN R,
SmitTH, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
LEPIDOPTERA.- Living pupw of Cecropia, Promethea, P. achemon and H.
caryze ; also Lepidoptera and Coleoptera in paper, to exchange for good U.S.
or Canadian specimens. A. T. REYNOLDS, Gardiner, Maine.
COLEOPTERA. -- About 1,200 species of U. S. Coleoptera, and also many
from Mexico and Guatemala, for exchange, Will give a set of Callichroma
melanchohcum for a specimen of Monohammus marmorator. Dr. GEO. W.
Bock, 2904 Allen Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
GEOMETRID.E wanted, named or unnamed. Will buy or exchange. Write
first. Desire material particularly from the N.-W., Arizona, New Mexico, N.
C., Texas and Fla. Wo». H. BROADWELL, 209 Plane St., Newark, N. J.
WaNTED For cash or exchange, Bulletins U.S. Bu. of Ento. (old series),
Nos. 1, 5, N, 9, 10, 26, 33: Missouri Reports, Nos. 7,9; Lintner’s N. Y. Reports,
Nos. 3, 133 Illinois Reports, Nos. 14, 20. FE. F. Pitcnincs, Waterville, Maine.
Prof. C.F. Baker wishes to announce that his address after November 1, 16407,
will be Museu Goeldi, Para, Brazil, and that all packages and letters should be
forwarded lu him ut that point. (Former address: Santiago de les Vegas, Cuba.)
LEPIDOPTERA.—T have for exchange bred specimens of Papaipema, nitela,
nebris, frigida, cataphracta, impecuniosa, marginidens, Nonagria oblonga, and
Achatodes zew; would like specimens of same wenera. -F. E. MOESER, 23S
Guilford St., Buffalo, N.Y.
COCCINELLID.E, EUPTFHECLE (Lephroclystis), Nepticule and Lithocolletis of
the world desired for cash or exchange. DR. CHR. ScHukODER, Schwabische-
stvaese 10 Berlin W, go, Germany.
Woes bor Casi. Papilios FO ET, DITS IVs But, Soe. Nat. Hist., Bulletins
Pi, tonte, Phutst (Bal. 7, Brook. Ent. Soe.)s Revision Hadena,
Saath Mire J Née her, We. HE PRETAND, Office of the Wiutaker Estate,
a a e
Cru, fot.
Rage Met wb tsa MN date freer cu) parts of Canada. Specimens ot
Va ee ea ne etme desire PN bos GC AL DEPARIMBENT,
Qitiecs \ . I . . . Vo mr, .
Toto: Ù - it war der spes not taken in this
ath 1, | 4 i ‘ ac , ‘ at”
Non ions ON tN ee es eus de AE rennes pt ies. Wanted in
exch. . . rom } (, VV . ov iy, I* J! . . ! te. t , \ hes toe, ‘. tel a.
1 * enor .! * ,° Nr. . N ° fos , si "5° _ La _ . nf off acd, gre’ for Fareapedn, DR.
. | oe, . .
PASSE ME Sra dt terre the beret a © dp gray Sen Ve
Can. ENT, VOL, XL. PLATE 2.
INCISALIA POLIOS—EGGs AND ALLIES.
The Éanadian Fintomologist
EO a’
mmr i a
VoL. XL. . LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1908. No. 2.
me a eee ee
STUDIES IN THE GENUS INCISALIA.
BY JOHN H. COOK, ALBANY, N. Y.
V.—INCISALIA POLIOS.
Described in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXIX, No. 6, p. 204.
When this species was named in June, 1907, the final snarl of a
nomenclatorial tangle of thirty years’ standing was resolved into its con-
stituent threads. J/ucisalia polios is not a rare butterfly discovered by the
fortuitous capture of a few local specimens ; it is common in many places
near centres of entomological activity. Nor is it an obscure form, to be
separated from its congeners only after painstaking study ; it is marked in
a very characteristic manner, and is easily identified. In fact, it has been
mentioned in the iiterature several times either as a recognizable variety or
as a distinct species, but has always masqueraded under an assumed
name.
Strecker’s misidentification.—In his Catalogue of Butterflies (1878),
Herman Strecker listed the Æenrici of Grote and Robinson as a variety of
‘rus, Godart, characterizing it as “smaller” and with the “ inferiors
tailless.” As T have already pointed out,' this characterization is
erroneous, and does not apply to Henrict. It does, however, apply to
polios; and that Strecker had an (at that time) undescribed species before
him, which he misidentified as Æenrici, is proved by specimens of folios
in his collection labelled ÆZeurier. Evidently Strecker had never seen the
type of Grote and Robinson’s species (which is hardly to be wondered at
in view of the strained relations existing between him and Grote), and
how he came to make the error is not apparent. But that others have
relied upon the accuracy of his determination, and thereby given life to the
mistake, cannot be doubted.
W. H. Edwards bred Henrict, and expressed his conviction that it
was a good species in 1881 (Papilio, I, p.152). He placed it as such
in his catalogue of 1884, although in his carlier catalogue (1877) it had
been given as a variety of ¢rus. Fernald, C. H., in “ The Butterflies of
Maine” (1884), followed Edwards in separating /feuricé specifically from
1. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXIX, No. 6 (June, 1907), p. 182.
38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
trus, and appended Edwards’ description of the early stages of Æenrici to
the description of a butterfly which ¢s not Henrici, but polios. In
distinguishing between folios and irus, it is quite clear that Fernald was
misled by Strecker’s misidentification into believing that what he called
Henrici (really polios) was the species bred by Mr. Edwards, and the form
described by Grote and Robinson. |
Following Fernald, both French, G. H.,? and Maynard, C. J.,° give,
under the name Æenrici, a brief diagnosis of po/ios, contrasting it with
ir Us.
One other reference deserves attention in this connection, showing
how the true Henrici has been lost sight of in the maze of literary error,
In the “ Butterflies of New Hampshire ” (Technical Bull. No. 1, N. AH.
Coll. Agr. Exp. Sta., Durham, 1901), Fiske, W. F., gives Henrici as a
synonym of zrus in the caption of species No. 43, p. 45. and then (under
irus) discusses po/ies, as may be inferred from the statement that he has
taken the species as early as April roth; or possibly he refers to po/ios and
irus regarded as one species. In the second paragraph he writes of a
very remarkable variety (of frs) having tails. This is illustrated, and
though the figure is not particularly clear, anyone acquainted with the
species will have no difficulty in identifying it as Henricd of Grote and
Robinson. That Fiske identified podios (7¢., the Æenrici of Strecker,
Fernald, ef a/.) as Grote and Robinson’s /fearie?, appears probable from
the first sentence under species No. 44 (p. 46), where he says: “Augustus
is between Æenrici and niphon in point of emergence.” Evidently some-
thing was taken for //enrict, and since it was not the real ZZenrici, it must
have been either sus or po/tos ; and the early emergence points indubit-
ably to the latter.
I find Henrici properly identified in the Hill, Bailey and Corning
collections in this city (though all specimens are labelled ? regardless of
their rea! sex, probably because no stigma Is present in the 4 ), but there
is a Specimen in the collection of the late J. A. Lintner (now the property
of the State of New York) labeled “ 7) ¢rus, var. Zfenrici (New Hamp-
shire),” which is a & po/ios. I mention this for two reasons : first,
because it shows that some, at least, of the elder generation of lepidopterists
were led astray by Strecker’s blunder; and second, because formerly,
while making slow progress through the meagre and much-mixed literature
2. The Butterflies of the Eastern U.S. (1886), p. 273.
3. A Manual of North American Butterflies (1891), p. 144.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 39
toward an understanding of the trus-Henrici difficuity, I spoke of this
specimen as ‘an undoubted g érus”'# The reasons for my error at that
time are, 1 think, obvious.
The Henrici of Grote and Robinson is figured, as stated, in the
Butterflies of New Hampshire (fig., p. 45, under surface of 9?) and also
in Holland’s Butterfly Book (plate XXX, fig. 21, upper surface of 2).
Wright's misidentification.—1f one may judge from the rather
poorly-marked specimen figured by Wright as J/ossi, the species
represented is polos At any rate, it is zof the d/ossé of Hy. Edwards.
The type Afoss: is now in the Museum of Natural History in New York
City, and the species for which it stands has never been figured hitherto.
In the original description® drawn from that type Edwards says of the
under side of the secondaries : “ Zhe marginal spots are large, distinct,
bright chestnut-brown, six in number, each surmounted by a small black
lunule.” And concerning the mesial line (secondaries beneath) it is
“narrow, whitish, with a very large and sharp angle at the median nerve.”
Also concerning the white line crossing the primaries beneath: “From the
costa entirely across the wing is a sinuous white band dent outiwardly at
the middle, and edged above by a deep chestnut-brown shade.” ‘The
wings above are described as ‘‘entire/y bright chestnut-brown, a little
clouded, with dusky at the apices and on the extreme margins.” It is
further stated that the fringes are “wholly white,” but this is not strictly
the case even in the type.
How far these characters may be regarded as of specific importance
remains to be determired, but Wright’s illustration is a long way from
corresponding in essentials with the type or fitting the description.
Edwards described Afossé as a variety of irus, adding that “it is quite
possible that it is a distinct species ; the uniform deep brown base of
secondaries giving it a most peculiar appearance.” Wright says in the text
accompanying his figure : * The essential pecnliuity of Jossé is the
bleached, washed-out appearance of the under side of hind wings, ‘giving
it a most peculiar appearance,’ as the description truly says” (My
italicization throughout.) As a matter of fact, a fresh specimen of Mosse
is as boldly and cleanly marked as any species of /ncisal/ia yet named. — |
am of the opinion that the species fizured by Wright is poltos,
4. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXVI [, No. 6 (June, 10903), po 208,
5. Wright, W. G., Batterflies of the West Coust, plate XVI, figs gage.
6. Edwards, Henry, Papilio I, p. 54 (April, 18H).
40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Mlustrations.—Better than the best description is a good illustration,
and it therefore seems well to picture the four species which have been
confused. Fig. 1 in the plate represents /rus, as that species is ordinarily
recognized. Godart’s original description is too vague and unsatisfactory
to enable anyone to identify srus with certainty. That author himself was
not sure that his type (as it would be called to-day) came from America.
We rely on Dr. Boisduval, who says that he saw Godart’s specimen, and
that it represents the species figured by Abbot (in the Histoire Génerale
et Iconographie des Lepidopterés et des Chenilles de l’Amérique Septen-
trionale, 1833). Abbott’s figures are not exceptionally good, but the
species intended is undoubtedly the one which has subsequently been
known by Godart’s name. . The specimen here figured was bred from the
egg, at Albany, N. Y. It isa ©. The species is illustrated in colours in
Scudder’s “ Butterflies of the Eastern U. S. and Canada,” Holland's
‘ Butterfly Book ” and Comstock’s “ How to Know the Butterflies.”
Fig. 2 is the Z/enrici of Grote and Robinson from a homotype bred
from the egg at Albany, N. Y. It alsoisa ?.
big. 3 isa ? and fig. 4a d fotios (the miscalled Æenrici of Strecker
and others).
Fig. 5 isa ® homotype of Jfvss/ collected in Colorado. ‘Though
imperfect, the specimen corresponds to the type specimen more closely
than any other individual of the species which I have seen. The “ very
large and sharp angle at the median nerve ” is about as in the type, and it
is hoped that this illustration will illumine Hy. Edwards’ description. The
large, chestnut-brown spots occupying the interspaces of the secondaries
from the margin inward nearly to the ‘black lunules,” effect a photographic
plate but little, and therefore appear almost black in the print. Speci-
men in the collection of the author.
Fig. 6 isa g Afossi (from the collection of Jacob Doll), exhibiting
the greatest departure from the typical design which I have seen. The
varietal differences can be seen ata glance, and need not be discussed
here.
All figures represent the under surface x 1.25.
Distribution.— Folios is distributed widely over the continent.
Along the Atlantic Coast it is found at Lakewood, N. J. (Watson, Sunder-
land, Cook); Lakehurst, N. J. (Davis, Watson, Brehme, Cook); Jamesburg,
N. J. (Watson, one specimen) ; Medford, Mass. (John Rodgers) ; Milton,
THE CANADIAN ES FOMOLOGIST. 41
Mass. (H. H. Newcomb) ; Durham. N. H.* ; Norway, Me.*; Orono, Me.
(M. E. Fernald, in coll. Comell University) : and Digby, Nova Scotia
(John Russell). From its occurrence at Medford and Milton, the
Massachusetts localities (Needham and Walpole). given by Scudder in the
Butterflies of the Eastern U. S. and Canada, for the varietal form of érus
having “the outer margin of the primaries . . . . narrowly hoary,”
may be safely included as referring to ti species.
In the Butterflies of Maine, C. H- Fernald says: * This is a common
species in Maine,” and Fiske speaks of it as abundant in certain parts of
New Hampshire.
Folios was taken in 1907 by Mr. Charles A. Hill, of Chicago, at
Pine, Ind., in the sand-dune region along the southern shore of Lake
Michigan, where Synchloe olympia was recently unearthed. Mr. Hill took
fourteen specimens, and reports the species fairly abundant in that locality.
In the west fo/ies has been taken at the “head of Pine Creek,
Calgary, Alberta (F. H. Wolley Dae,” ; ferry m:l<s south of Athabasca
Landing, Athabasca‘ (McCarry): Waghom. Aiverta PF. B. Gregson, in the
collections of John Comstock, Evanston. El, ard Mexander Kwiat,
Chicago, Ill). Dr. Henry Skinner’ gives as another Canadian locality,
Olds, Alberta. Also in Cojorato (Morrison. in collection of O. Meske,
and David Bruce, in collection «f Corne.. Universite, : Graham's Park on
Rio de los Pinos, Colo.*? ; Socti Park. Co.9.%; and Crimney Gulch, near
Golden, Colo. (Dyar and Caudel:..
Without much hesitation I inclade Pige: Sound Wright the locality
given for the specimen figured in Busterties of the West Coast “/c. >.
Time of Flight.— Species sing .e-ureeded, the Lutterthes appearing (in
New Jersey) with augustus about tne middie of Apr, ord nariiy becoming
abundant before the last of tie mon:h. and rarely enduring through May
(Watson). In New Hampstire ~ az.ier in itt cmergence than any of the
allied species; . . . . taken on willow lisses ir Durham as early
as April 19th” (Fiske).” In Maire it is on the wing during tie middie
a
*Collector unknown.
7. So reads the label, though the omy Sthatawa Landing which I have found
on the map is in Alberta.
8. Entomological News, Vol. XVIEE. No. 40% tober, 15h p. 327.
*Collector unknown.
9. Misprinted ‘* Cal. in the urigi:a: descriptiur. of polis:.
10. Probably careful field work w... show the? augu:/us is on the wing almost
or quite as early.
42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
of May” (Fernald). Fresh specimens from Nova Scotia are labelled from
May 15th to 22nd. The few available records from Massachusetts
indicate that the species appears there as early as April 25th, and does
not fly into June ; specimens dated later than May rath are pretty well
worn.
Records from the west show that between the 37th and 56th
parallels the imagoes are on the wing during May, twenty degrees of
latitude affecting .the season of emergence but little, if any. Colorado
specimens are labeled as early as April 17th, and faded individuals from
Graham’s Park and Golden, Colo., were taken May irth, r2th and 13th.
Wrights specimen, taken May rst at Puget Sound, seems to be somewhat
the worse for wear. A ¢ anda 9? inthe U.S. National Museum, collected
by Wolley Dod at Calgary, are dated June 29th, and are in very good
condition, though not perfectly fresh. [1owever, another 9 from the
same locality was captured May 29th, the individual taken by McCary
some 200 miles further north is labeled May r4th, and the specimens
received from Waghorn, Alberta, were captured May 3rd and 5th. Mr.
Hill secured his butterflies not far from Chicago, on the roth of May,
and all but one bear evidence of having been on the wing for some time.
Haunts and [abits.—In New Jersey the butterflies inhabit the low
sandy coastal plain in restricted districts where the larval food-plant
occurs, and are to be tvoked for in sunny spots along the roads and in
sheltered glades among the scattered pine growth. They ordinarily fly
low, rapidly and for short distances, and delight to feed on the nectar of
the early spring flowers, especially the pyxie and (later) the strawberry
flowers. ‘They are quite local, ranging over a very restricted field between
emergence and death; one may observe them in numbers at one point
throughout the day, and yet a few rods away might wait in vain to see one
pass.
Mr. Hill took his flitting about in the open over the hot, barren
sands, and Dr. Dyar found them in Colorado along a railroad track in the
jaws of the gulch, at an elevation of about 7000 feet.
Oviposition.— The females apparently do not oviposit much before
the middle of May, but during the latter half of the month eggs may be
found without difficulty. ‘These are laid singly at the base of the elongate
leaf-buds (rarely on flower pedicels), as shown on fig. 7 on the plate.
The illustration is from a photograph (x 2) of the spray upon which
a confined female placed four eggs on May 18th, 1907. ‘Three of these
* nn
ee ry: .
es + mm pou ——— te
#2 ST +
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43
are visible. In nature they would have been laid on separate buds. As
may be seen from the picture, the petioles of the old leaves parallel the
stem for a little distance before the blade curves outward. Near the tip
of the branch, where the internodes are short, the petioles surround and
protect the base of the apical bud, and it is into this protected zone that
the female usually thrusts her ovipositor when laying an egg.
The Egg.—Echinoid, flattened on top and bottom, micropyle strongly
depressed. Ornamentation a reticulation of extremely high raised lines,
broad and losing character by anastomosis at intersections. Interspaces
small, deeply sunken, appearing like nearly circular pits. ‘The ornamenta-
tion resembles that of the egg of Chrysophanus thoe or Epidemia
epixanthe more than those of more nearly related species which I have
seen (except that of Zucisalia ossi, from which it is practically
indistinguishable), and may be identified at once by the absence of hos<es
and the ‘‘pin-hole” interspaces. Fig. 8 micropylar aspect, fig. 9
equatorial aspect. Both x 35. |
(To be continued.)
A NEW SPECIES OF SYNTOMASPIS (CHALCIDOIDEA).
BY CYRUS R. CROSBY, CORNELI. UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y.
Syntomaspis thalassinus, n. sp. (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). — Female. —-Length,
excluding the ovipositor, 2.6 mm.; abdomen, 1.2 mm.; ovipositor, 1 mm.
Head transverse, abruptly convergent behind the eyes, seen from in
À! Por ~
ve gp. ran »
| 7 4! i i)
‘ L
C7
Fi. 2. —Antenna of male. Bia.
——— 7 2
— Lu
\ re
rls
\ vA
Fic. 4. —Stiginal region of wing.
front rounded triangular, greenish-bronze, sculpture of head a fine and
delicate ridging, which gives a very fine reticulation; face with à few
lar
- February, 1908 : BeT
44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
punctures, margin of clypeus smooth, convex. Mandibles tridentate,
lower tooth rounded.
Thoracic dorsum finely reticulate, bluish-green, metallic, parapsidal
furrows impressed, the median portion of the mesonotum extending further
back than the lateral piece, and broadly rounded behind, scutellum
rounded in front, widely separating the axilla, margined and evenly
rounded behind, the transverse stria distinct; axilla prominent, acute
mesally and rounded in front. Thoracic pleura delicately sculptured
except metepisternum and the sclerites behind it. Propodium short,
transverse, nearly smooth, very finely rugulose longitudinally. Spiracles
oblique, elliptical.
Seape and pedicel of antenne metallic, scape finely shingled, funicle
dark brown, clothed with short but stout hairs, scape rather short, slender,
pedicel obconic, about as long as first joint of funicle, succeeding joints
subequal, gradually wider, club obtusely rounded, white longitudinal
ridges on funicle joints, with their bases in one row, and all extend to tip
of segment. |
Legs metallic-green ; knees, tip of tibiz and tarsi dull, whitish-
yellow, last tarsal joint somewhat dusky ; posterior coxre irregularly
reticulate. Wings hyaline, stigmal vein shorter than diameter of club, the
four sensoria arranged in a curved line, concave behind.
Abdomen seen from above conic-oval, bluish-green, metallic, second _
dorsal segment smooth, posterior segments with a hexagonal pavement-
like sculpture, posterior margin biconvex, very deeply incised at middle,
segment 5 longer than 3 and 4 together, posterior margin of 3 deeply
incised, 4 and 5 less deeply, 6 truncate behind. Cerci bearing several
long, stiff hairs. Ovipositor dark brown, tp lighter.
Male.—Tength, 1.2 mm.; abdomen, .8 mm. Resembles the female
very closely in colour. The antennw are somewhat stouter. Posterior
margin of abdorninal segments not so deeply incised as in female.
Described from numerous specimens reared from timothy grass and
orchard grass. Parasitic on an Isosoma and another Chalcid as yet
undetermined.
Ithaca, Amsterdam, Lake Keuka, Oneonta, Kingston, Cranberry
Creek, Remsen, Elmira, Lowville, Bluff Point, Cortland, and Victor, N.
Y. Types in Cornell University collection.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45
SOME NEW NEMATID SAWFLIES FROM COLORADO.
BY S. A. ROHWER, BOULDER, COLORADO.
The following descriptions are based principally on material collected
by myself during the past summer. One new species is described from
the collection of the Colorado Agricultural College ; the rest are in my
own collection.
Many thanks are due to Professor T. D. A. Cockerell for going over
all the descriptions. The work is a contribution from the laboratory of
Systematic Zoology in the University of Colorado. I am greatly indebted
to Professor C. P. Gillette for the loan of the collections belonging to the
Colorado Agricultural College.
The following descriptions of Pontania galls seen at Florissant, Colo-
rado, may be of some use. On Salix brachycarpa, Nutt. : (1) Monothala-
mous ; springing from lower side of leaf; arranged along the midrib;
globular ; colour pale pinkish ; measurements before maturity 8 mm. (2)
Monothalamous ; bisecting leaf; attached near petiole in clusters of two
to four ; bright rose colour above, pinkish below ; measurements before
Maturity, 1o-12 mm.; similar to P. resinicola, Marl. Another Pofania gall
on Salix sp., is much like P. Bruneri, Marl, but did not bisect the leaf,
and was attached along the midrib; only one monothalamous gali on each
leaf. The Sa/ix belongs to Zongifoliæ as defined by Dr. Rydberg in his
Flora of Colorado (Bul. 100 Colo. Agricultural College) and probably à 1S
S. exigua.
Pontania leucostoma, n. Sp.— 6. Length, 5mm. Moderately robust;
head nearly as wide as thorax ; clypeus shallowly, circularly emarginate,
lobes broad, rounded ; ocellar basin distinct, walls rounded ; antennal
fovea broad, shallow, elongate ; antenne extending beyond thorax, third
and fourth joints equal, fifth shorter ; joints somewhat nodose at tips ;
vertex back of ocelli with a few well- defined punctures ; mesothorax above
with a few small, more indistinct punctures. Venation of primaries nor-
mal ; secondaries with the lower discal cell longer and wider than upper,
claws deeply notched, inner ray shorter and somewhat slender.
Colour in general shining black; face below antenna, except two black
spots below antennæ, clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except tips which are
piceous, posterior angles of pronotum, tegulæ, base of costa, apex of ante-
rior coxz whitish ; posterior orbits, upper orbits, inner orbits narrowly,
apex of four hind cox, trochanters (coxæ and trochanters are inclined to
pallid), meso-femora except a narrow line above, meso-tibiæ, meta-femora
February, s90§ |
46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
except a broad line above and below, meta-tibiæ except at apex, venter
near apex, and edges of the hypopygium ferrugino-testaceous ; meso-tarsi
and palpi brown ; hind tarsi black. Wings dusky hyaline; costa, except
at base which is white, and stigma yellow-brown ; rest of the nervures
brown.
Habitat.—Boulder, Colo., May 22, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage of
Populus angustifolia.
In Marlatt’s Revision of the Nematinz (Tech. Ser. No. 3, U. S. Dept.
Ag.) this species runs to P. pisum, Walsh, but it is not that, and may be
separated from it by the short fifth antennal joint, different shape of the
clypeus, not having the third cubital quadrate, the black antennæ, black
line on femora above, yellowish-brown stigma, etc. It also seems to be
related to P. glinka, Kincaid, but may be separated from that species by
the unequal tarsal claws, the lower margin of the stigma being rounded, etc.
Pontania brachycarpe, n.sp.— 9. Length, 4% mm. Head almost as
wide as thorax ; seen from above broadly rectangular ; clypeus angularly
emarginate, lobes triangular, ocellar basin shallow, the walls broad and
rounded ; ocellar basin with small, dense punctures ; antennal fovea dis-
tinct; antennz stout, extending about to basal plates, fourth and fifth
joints equal, third longer ; frontal crest slightly emarginate. Third cubital
cell sub-quadrate ; upper discal cell of hind wings slightly exceeding the
lower ; claws deeply notched, the inner ray shorter and somewhat stouter ;
sheath with long brownish hairs. Colour in general black; clypeus, labrum,
mandibles, except tips which are piceous, cheeks, face, somewhat between
the antennæ, upper and posterior orbits broadly, inner orbits narrowly,
extreme angle of pronotum, tegulæ, coxæ except base, trochanters, femora,
tibiæ and tarsi, extreme tip of last dorsal segment, last ventral segment
slightly, pale reddish yellow, coxæ and trochanters inclined to pallid; palpi
brown ; tarsi (especially the posterior ones) and apex of posterior tibiæ
infuscate. Wings hyaline ; nervures dark brown, costa white at base.
Habitat.—Florissant, Colo., June 16, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer) on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.
This species is closely related to P. pisum, Walsh, but may be sepa-
rated by the following characters: Head not so wide as thorax, upper discal
cell slightly exceeding the lower, claws with inner ray shorter and stouter ;
pronotum mostly black. It is also somewhat related to P. consors, Marl.
(Can. ENT., Dec., 1898), and may be known from it by the subquadrate
third cubital, black sheath and venter and the apical half of the abdomen
being black. It also has much general resemblance to 2 /eucostoma,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, - 47
n. Sp., but is smaller, the wings less dusky, the nervures weaker ; and up-
per discal cell of hind wings extends beyond the lower, whereas the lower
beyond the upper in P. Zeucostoma.
Pontania megacephala, n. sp.—4. Length, 4 mm. Head wider
than thorax ; transversely oval ; inner orbits parallel; clypeus rather deeply
and angularly emarginate, lobes broad, rounded; vertex flat, slightly
raised back of ocellar basin shallow, walls rounded ; antennal fovea small,
round, but distinctly defined ; antennæ a little shorter than body, third,
fourth and fifth joints equal; last seven joints with dense, short black
_hairs. Venation normal, except that the third cubital is rather small, claws
minutely but evenly cleft.
Colour in general, black; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except tips
which are piceous, cheeks, extreme posterior angles of pronotum, tegule,
apex of coxæ, white; small indistinct spot on upper orbits, posterior orbits
on one side very narrowly, trochanters, femora, except line above on meso-
and meta-, and line below on pro-femora (the line on the meta-femora is
broad), tibiæ, apex of venter and hypopygium pale reddish-yellow ; tarsi
(the anterior tarsi are much the same as the tibiæ) brownish ; palpi brown.
Wings hyaline ; nervures brown, costa white at base, stigma pallid at base.
Habitat.— Florissant, Colo., June 16, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.
This species is related to P. agi/is, Cr., but may be separated by the
flatter vertex, broader lobes of the clypeus, claws somewhat deeper cleft
and much darker colour. F. agilis in general is yellow-ferruginous.
Pontania maura, n. sp.—9®. Length, 4 mm. Robust. Head
much narrower than thorax, small and almost round when seen from the
front ; clypeus nearly truncate ; ocellar basin with wall rounded : antennal
fovea small, round, distinctly defined; antennæ as long as head and thorax,
fourth and fifth joints equal, third shorter and about equal in length
with sixth; vertex rounded ; head finely and densely punctured; meso-
thorax above finely, but not as densely as head, punctured. Venation
normal, claws deeply cleft, rays subequal and somewhat diverging.
Colour black, except apex of femora, tibiæ and tarsi, which are pale
testaceous ; tarsi, especially the hind ones, infuscate, hind tibiz somewhat
infuscate ; ovipositor luteous. Wings very hyaline ; nervures brown, costa,
stigma and all the nervures at base of wing pallid, almost hyaline.
Habitat.— Florissant, Colo., June 1, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.
48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
This species is related to P. atra, Marl., but may be separated from it
by the light nervures of the wings, dark trochanters, claws deeply notched,
etc. It is also more robust. It is also related to ?. uaga, Kincaid, but
may be separated by the nearly truncate clypeus, the tarsal claws being
subequal and diverging, smaller size, light stigma and costa, and veins being
paler, etc.
Pontania melanosoma,n. sp.— 2. Length, 3% mm. Robust; clypeus
circularly emarginate, lobes broadly rounded, antennal fovea distinct,
circular ; ocellar basin indistinctly defined; ocellar regions raised ; from
lower ocellus running to top of each eye is a broad, shallow furrow ;
antennz extending to base of abdomen, third and fifth joints equal, fourth
a little longer, head and mesosternum finely and rather densely punctured.
Third cubital cell subquadrate, slightly wider at apex than at base ; upper
discal cell of hind wings slightly exceeding lower. Claws deeply notched,
rays subequal. Sheath broad, slightly emarginate beneath, acuminate at
tip ; cerci robust, tapering.
Colour mostly black ; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, spot between an-
tennze, antenne beneath, except scape, dark brown; a triangular spot on
upper orbit fulvous ; posterior angles of pronotum, tegule, legs, except
bases of coxæ and tip of posterior tibiæ and their tarsi, which are infus-
cate, reddish-yellow. Wings dusky hyaline, nervures brown, base of stigma
and all the nervures as they near the base of wing, white. Clypeus witha
few long white hairs.
Habitat,—Fort Collins, Colo., May 13, 1899. Type in the collection
of Colorado Agricultural College.
In Marlatt’s Revision of the Nematinæ of N. Am., this species runs
to P. nigrita, Marl., but is easily known from that species by the circular
antennal fovea and the black posterior orbits.
Pteronus hypomelas, n. sp.—Q. Length, s mm. Clypeus broadly,
shallowly, circularly emarginate, lobes small ; antennal fovea not distinctly
defined ; ocellar basin with walls rounded ; between the ocellar basin and
the eye is a rather large impression ; frontal crest broken in the middle ;
antennæ reaching to about the third abdominal segment, third, fourth and
fifth joints subequal ; head with rather sparse, small punctures ; pleura
sericeous, claws deeply notched, inner ray somewhat shorter than outer.
Third cubital cell twice or nearly twice as wide at apex as at base, two
and a half or three times as long as width at base ; outer veins of discal
cell of hind wings meeting or upper cell slightly extending beyond lower,
lower discal one and a half times as wide as upper ; stigma regularly
tapering from near base to apex.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49
Colour black ; lobes of clypeus, labrum, mandibles, tegulæ, legs from
middle of femora, last apical segment of abdomen, reddish-ferruginous ;
trochanters pallid; palpi brown; upper orbits dark reddish. Wings
hyaline ; nervures light brown, costa at base and the entire stigma pallid.
Habitat.—Florissant, Colo., June 1, r907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa. |
In Marlatt’s Revision of the Nematinæ of N. Am. this species runs
out because of the black venter, but it seems to be related to P. africeps,
Marl., and may be separated from it by the black venter, smaller size, the
fovea not deep, etc.
Pteronus notatus,n.sp.— 9. Length, 514 mm. Clypeus angularly
emarginate, lobes round, antennal fovea deep, narrow, elongate; ocellar
basin with walls round ; frontal crest broken in the middle ; antennæ
slender, reaching about to third abdominal segment, joints three, four and
five subequal, the third a little curved; sheath broad, obtusely pointed,
without any hairs at apex. Claws deeply cleft, inner ray a little shorter
than outer. The third cubital cell one and a half times as wide at apex as
at base, a little more than twice as long as wide at base ; upper discal cell
in hind wings extending considerably beyond lower ; stigma straight on
lower margin until apical third, where it slants abruptly upward.
e Colour black, clypeus, labrum, base of mandibles (the tips are piceous),
coxæ, except at base of posterior ones, trochanters, posterior angles
of pronotum and tegulæ whitish ; upper posterior and superior orbits
broadly, legs from trochanters, except a thin black line above and below
on posterior femora, apical segment of abdomen and sheath somewhat,
ferruginous ; palpi brown. Wings dusky hyaline ; nervures brown, costa
and stigma pallid.
Habitat.—Florissant, Colo., June 23, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.
In Marlatt’s Revision of the Nematinæ of N. Am., this species runs
out on account of the black venter, but it seems to be near P. Coloradensis,
Mar], from which it may be separated by the black venter, antennal
fovea not being triangular, etc. It is, however, closely related to P. 4ypo-
melas, n. Sp.. but may easily be separated by the following comparison.
Other characters also separate these two species :
P. hypomelas.
1. Clypeus broadly, shallowly emarginate, lobes small.
2, Eyes almost round on upper margin.
50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
3. Stigma tapering from near base to apex.
4. Upper discal cell of hind wings but slightly, if any, exceeding
5. Posterior angles of pronotum black.
P. notatus.
1. Clypeus angularly emarginate, lobes round.
2. Eyes oval on upper margin.
3. Stigma straight until apical third, when it slants abruptly upwards.
4. Upper discal cell of hind wings extending considerably beyond
5. Posterior angles of pronotum and tegul whitish.
MOSQUITO NOTES.—No. 6.
BY C. S. LUDLOW, M. SC.
Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon-General, U.S. Army, Washington, D. C.
(Continued from page 34.)
In the same sub-family as Ce//ia flava comes an insect closely
related to Chagasia, Cruz., having the outstanding whorls of scales on the
lower joints of the antennæ, but lacking the outstanding scales on the
thorax, and differing also in that part of the abdomen is scaled.
Chagasia (?) lineata, n. sp.—Head very dark, practically black, as is
most of the insect, covered with dark brown and white-forked scales, the
latter on the vertex and cephalad part of the occiput, very long slender
white scales projecting forward between the eyes, dark bristles near the
eyes; antennæ very dark, verticels and pubescence white, basal joint
brown, with white upright flat scales, rst and 2nd joints with white scales,
those on the second joint longer, more curved, largely fusiform and out-
standing, those on the first joint narrow, flat and more closely appressed ;
palpi heavily covered with dark brown scales, rather erect near the base,
the apex white, and two narrow white bands dividing the remainder into
three nearly equal parts; proboscis heavily covered with dark brown
scales, tip light ; eyes dark, clypeus dark.
Thorax: prothoracic lobes with broad fusiform white scales and dark
bristles ; mesonotum covered sparsely with broad fusiform, white scales
arranged in lines, near the nape a few slender curved white scales, most
of which project forward, a distinct line of the broad fusiform scales
cephalad of and over the wing joint, not especially outstanding, but the
scales broader than most of those on the mesonotum, a few scales near
February, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51
the middle of the mesonotum are either discoloured slightly or normally
yellowish, two long oblong, bare, black, laterad spaces about one-third the
length of the mesonotum extend cephalad from near the scutellum ;
scutellum black, partly denuded, but with a heavy bunch of flat, rather
fusiform, white scales on the lateral lobes, bristles black; pleura black,
with gray lines ; metonotum very dark.
Abdomen black, densely covered with brown hairs, and the eighth
segment and genitalia rather closely covered with long flat more or less
spatulate brown scales. |
Legs: coxæ and trochanters testaceous with dark hairs and white
scales ; all the femora covered with dark brown scales, the hind and mid
legs with a white subapical spot on the cephalic aspect, and all of them
with apex very narrowly white-banded ; tibiæ all brown, with small apical
spot or band ; first tarsal joints all brown, in the hind leg with small apical
white spot extending slightly on the second joint, in the fore and mid with
narrow apical white bands ; second tarsal brown, with broad white apical
bands, broadened on the hind leg, in which all the remaining joints are
pure white, and in the other legs the third and fourth are apically white-
banded, the fore leg the more distinctly, the fifth brown ; ungues large,
simple and equal. .
- Wing clear, covered heavily with dark brown scales resembling those
found in Myzorhynchus ; costa with four small white spots, all apparently
confined to the costa, and one at the apex; a white fringe spot at the
junction of the upper fork of second long vein ; first submarginal cell
large, a fourth longer and quite as wide as the second posterior, its stem
half its length ; second posterior cell shorter than first submarginal, its
stem nearly as long as the cell; tpper cross-veins equal and meet,
posterior cross-vein equal to and a little more than its length distant from
the mid. Halteres with light stem and dark knob.
Length, 4 mm. Habitat: Camp Gregg, Pangasinan, Philippine
Islands. Taken in August.
Described from one very perfect specimen sent by Capt. Schreiner,
Asst. Surgeon U.S. Army. It is noticeably different even to the naked
eye from most of the Anophelina, but I am not sure that it belongs to
Chagasia, as Mr, Theobald makes the outstanding scales of the thorax of
generic value, and states specifically that the abdomen is nude.
A new species in one of Mr. Theobald’s new genera has also lately
come from the Philippine Islands ;
52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Pseudoskusea nigrotarsis, n. sp.—Female. Head very dark, covered
with very dark brown flat scales, a pale (grayish) lateral stripe, no fork
scales ; antenne brown, verticels and pubescence brown, basal joint brown,
with a few small brown flat scales ; palpi dark with dark brown scales ;
proboscis the same ; eyes brown ; clypeus brown.
Thorax dark ; prothoracic lobes dark brown, with dark brown bristles ;
mesonotum covered with dark brown slender curved scales having golden
reflections, dark brown bristles, apparently two rows besides those over
the wing-joint ; scutellurn dark with curved scales, as on the mesonotum ;
pleura brown with patches of long flat spatulate white scales and dark
brown bristles ; metanotum very dark brown and shiny.
Abdomen dark, covered with very dark, almost black, scales, and
white mid-segment bands not prolonged into lateral spots, light apical
bristles. The light bands are grayish, and not so well developed on the
more caudad segments. Venter dark scaled.
Legs : coxæ and trochanters light, with light scales and dark bristles;
femora with dark brown scales dorsally, grayish ventrally, and a small gray
apical spot, remainder of the legs entirely dark brown; ungues on fore and
mid legs equal, and each with a small tooth, hind ungues simple.
Wings clear, with brown scales, the median small,.truncate, the
lateral lanceolate, and the ventral long, slender and slightly curved; cells
short, bases about on a line, first submarginal a little longer and narrower
than the second posterior, the stems nearly the same length, and approxi-
mately as long as the cells; supernumerary and mid cross-veins meet,
posterior cross-vein about one-half the mid and three times its own length
distant ; halteres with light stem, knob dusky.
Length, 4.5 mm. Habitat: Infanta, Tayabas, Philippine Islands. |
Taken October, 1907.
The abdominal markings at first suggested Skusea funerea, Theob.,
but the fore and mid ungues bear the small tooth noted for Pseudoskusea.
Described from one perfect specimen sent by Dr. Warriner in a collection
mostly composed of Stegomyia calopus and Culex fatigans, varied by a
couple of Mysomyia Thorntonii and two or three of 47. Ludlowii.
In the description of CeZlia flava in the January number (page 32,
third line from bottom) the phrase ‘“‘basal joint testaceous” should have
appeared as part of the description of the antennæ, not of the palpi. The
mosquito was taken at Camp Wilhelm, Tayabas (not ‘‘Tayubar”). A few
other errors are obvious.
EE “he ee
ss
Rue RE Qué
Ae, a ~
XX ee ue TU
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53
ee ———— —_— + _— — _— —— ————
SEXUAL FORMS OF ZOXOPTERA GRAMINUM, ROND.
BY F. L. WASHBURN, SI. ANTHONY PARK, MINN.
We have not found sexual forms of the so-called “green bug” in the
field in Minnesota, nor have we been able to rear them outside in cages,
but have had no trouble in getting this form in the insectary. Mr. R. A.
Vickery, who has charge of our insectary work, reports them as appearing
indoors on Oct. 15, shortly beginning egg-laying.
The winged males are smaller than the viviparous females, and have
a larger number of sensoria on their antennæ. The oviparous females can
readily be distinguished from the apterous viviparous females by their
swollen hind tibiæ, by the eggs, which can be seen through the walis of
the abdomen, and by the presence of circular sensoria on the antenne.
In ovipositing, most of the eggs were placed on the upper side of
dead leaves of grain. Apparently one female lays quite a number of eggs.
Mr. Vickery reports finding ten nearly mature eggs in one female. The
viviparous females continue producing young during and after the
appearance of the sexual forms, and young were freely produced in the
cold room of the insectary, although the temperature has been down to
ten degrees above zero. The following is a brief description of the sexual
forms of this species :
Oviparous Female. — (Fig. 5.) Length, 2-2.25 mm.; colour, yellowish-
green, median line of abdomen darker green ; head and prothorax some-
what paler than the rest of the body. Eyes
black ; antennz black, except the two basal
joints, and the basal half of the third, which
are of the same colour as the head. Leys
"yellowish, tibiæ brownish toward the apex,
tarsi black ; cornicles greenish, their apcx
black ; cauda greenish. Antennæ slender,
hardly one-half the length of the body, no
circular sensorta. Cornicles slightly tapering,
not reaching to the end of the body. Cauda
slender, somewhat constricted above the
middle, about two thirds the length of the
cornicles. Tibia of hind leg swollen and
thickly covered with sensoria-like swellings. Lateral tubercles small and
single.
February, 198
Fic. 5 —Oviparous female. (Original.)
54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST.
Winged Male.—(Fig. 6.) Expanse of wings about 4.5 mm.; length
of body about 1.3 mm. General coloration of the abdomen yellowish-
green ; head brownish-yel-
low ; eyes black ; antennæ
black, except the two basal
joints and the proximal
half of the third, which are
yellowish-green. Legs yel-
low, the female more or
less dusky, the posterior
pair darkest ; apex of the
tibiæ and tarsi black ; cor-
nicles yellowish, with black
apex; cauda yellowish.
Wings: costa and sub- Fic. 6.—Winged male. (Original.)
costa yellow ; stigma paler, the inner edge of the stigma and the veins
black. Antenna long and slender, reaching to or a little beyond the end
of the body ; third joint with about twenty circular sensoria ; fourth with
about eighteen ; fifth with about nine. Cauda slender, somewhat con-
stricted about the middle, as long as the cornicles. Lateral tubercles
small and single.
Egg.—The egg is oval in shape, about .65 mm. long and .3 mm.
broad. It is blue-green in colour when first laid, but changes to shiny
black after a few days.
NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF KASLO, B. C., WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES.
BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, WELLINGTON, B. C.
Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, so well known as an energetic student
of the Kootenay Lepidoptera, has lately paid me a short visit at Wellington.
He very kindly brought with him several boxes of Kaslo Geometridæ, and
during his stay here we very carefully studied all the species, with the
result that over 20 names wiil have been added to our British Columbian
list.
About 12 of Mr. Cockle’s captures appear to belong to undescribed
species. Seven of these I shall describe in the present paper, but the
others being uniques in Mr. Cockle’s cabinet I shall reserve until further
material can be obtained.
February, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55
In addition to the above, Mr. Cockle brought specimens of 12
species which are new to the British Columbian list, as follows :
Rachela Bruceata, Hulst.—Differs from our coast form, 2. occident-
adis, Hulst.
Rachela pulchraria, Taylor.—A new species described in a paper
read by me last May before the Royal Society of Canada, and now going
through the press.
Eupithecia scelestata, Taylor.— ) Also described in the above-men-
Eupithecia minorata, Taylor — | tioned paper.
Eupithecia adornata, Taylor.—Described from Calgary. Three
specimens taken at Kaslo by Mr. Cockle.
Eucymatoge vitalbata, D. & S.—One specimen, 6, vill, ’07; previously
only known from Alberta.
Cinglis ancellata, Hulst.— Common at Kaslo.
Diastictis bitactata, Walker.—Recorded by Dr. Dyar in Lep. Koot.,
but accidentally omitted from our B. C. list.
Diastictis denticulodes, Hulst.—Two male specimens, June 26 and
August 20. This species was taken by Mr. R. V. Harvey in the
Similkameen country last year, but it has not yet been recorded.
Selidosema separataria, Grote (?)-—This is a species congeneric with
our S. exce/saria and S. albescens. It seems to answer fairly well to
Grote’s description of S. separataria (from Arizona), and if not that
species it must be undescribed. Mr. Cockle has three specimens, two
males taken on August 15, 1995, and one female August 14, 1907.
Sabulodes catenutata, Grote.—Recorded by Dyar in Lep. Koot., but
omitted in our B. C. check. list because the specimen sent to me with this
name by Mr. Cockle was Syzavis pal/ulata. have since seen the true
S. catenulata from Kaslo.
Sabulodes auranticaria, Pack.—One female specimen. Kaslo, June
20, 1901.
The following are new to the Kaslo list, though not to British
Columbia :
Eupithecia castigata, Hubner; Plemyria tristata, Linn.; Hydriomena
speciosata, Pack.; Hydriomena costiguttata, Hulst; Xanthorhoë pontias ia,
Taylor; Contodes plumogeraria, Hulst; Synaxis pallulata, Hulst ;
Metanema inatomaria, Gueneé ; Azelina ancetaria, Hubner (typical).
56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
1. Eupithecia placidata, n. sp.—Expanse, 24-26 mm.
Palpi large and bushy, porrect, dark gray, much darker than the
thorax or abdomen. Front and thorax light gray, thorax becoming lighter,
almost white posteriorly. Abdomen above a little darker than the thorax,
dorsal tufts not conspicuous, except on second and third segments, where
they appear to be black.
Wings rather long and acutely pointed. Fore wings even light gray,
with a slight brownish tinge in the median space, particularly near the
inner margin. The wings are crossed by numerous very fine broken black
lines ; about four of these are between the intradiscal line and the base of
the wing. ‘The intradiscal line is fairly well defined (in the best of the
type specimens) from the median vein to the inner margin, where it is
much nearer the base of the wing than it is at its point of origin on the
costa. The median space includes two faint black cross lines more
distinct near the inner margin, and an indistinct discal spot. Extra-
discally there appear to he three lines, whicl{ are nearer to each other at
the inner margin than they are at the costa ; the outermost of the three is
broken into dots.
-The submarginal space ts nearly free from markings, the submarginal
white line is very faintly indicated ; the marginal line on all the wings is
dark, hardly interrupted at the veins.
_Hind wings the colour of the fore wings, a little paler costally and
darker at the extreme base ; acute, slightly indented at vein 5. A minute
discal dot. About seven very faint parallel cross lines, four being exta-
discal and traceable right across the wings.
Fringe on all wings pale, with dusky median line almost continuous,
Beneath pale leaden gray, with all markings very faintly and diffusely
reproduced. The discal spots and the costal halves of the extradiscal
lines on the fore wings being most clearly seen.
Abdomen paler than above ; pectus white.
This species seems quite distinct from any other known to me. I
have seen three specimens, all females, and all taken at Kaslo by Mr.
Cockle on July 7 and 11, 1907.
One type is in my own cabinet, and the other two in that of Mr.
Cockle.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57
2. Eupithecia agnesata, n. sp.—Expanse, 18 mm.
Palpi short and inconspicuous ; tront almost black ; head, thorax and
abdomen above gray ; a darker bar across thorax in front of the middle ;
second segment of the abdomen darker gray ; dorsal tufts black.
Wings, ground colour gray, with a good many black scales.
Fore wings acutely pointed, both costal and outer margins being
rather straighter than usual. Colour gray, with brown shade in extra-
discal space and many black scales. The cross lines are black, but those
in the basal area are not well defined ; extrabasally there is a distinct
black spot on the costa ; median space blackish, the lines confused ; the
ground colour shows more clearly around the distinct discal spot and at
the base of veins 2, 3 and 4, the veins themselves being black. The
median space is also distinctly lighter towards the inner margin ; pale
bands bound the median space on both sides, and in each case these
bands are cut by thin black lines parallel to the intradiscal and extradiscal
lines respectively.
_ Submarginal space dark, traversed by a white zigzag submarginal
line ; a conspicuous square black blotch on the costa, between the sub-
marginal line and the extradiscal pale space ; a black marginal line ; fringe
gray, cut with darker shades.
Hind wings: dark scales along the costa and between the inner margin
and vein 2; the rest of the wing is almost clear of markings, except the
reflections of the dark lines on the under side of the wing ; marginal line
and fringe as on fore wings. Beneath gray, with very distinct black
markings, especially on the hind wings. These markings consist, on the
fore wing, of a straight intradiscal line, a prominent discal spot, a curved
extradiscal line, heavy and distinct on the costal half, and a submarginal
black band, broad on the costa, but becoming narrower towards the
tornus ; this line is bounded by a distinct white zigzag line ; marginal
line well marked ; inner margin quite clear of markings.
Hind wings very distinctly marked with black on a gray ground.
There are two intradiscal lines, one median line passing through the
distinct discal spot, a broad extradiscal line, then a pale space, then a
strong waved black submarginal and a black marginal line, accompanied
inwardly (as is the similar line on the fore wing) by a dark marginal shade.
This is a very distinct species, not like any other that we have in
British Columbia, but slightly resembling the Aupithecia edna of Hulst.
58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The single type is a female taken at Kaslo on July 12, 1997, by Mr.
Cockle, and it is in his cabinet.
3. Eupithecia terminata, n. sp.—This species and that next to be
described both belong to a group of which the commonest form in British
Columbia is one to which I have always applied the name perfusca, Hulst.
The species in this group are very nearly allied, and with more abundant
material I have already been able to distinguish four B. C. forms.
Dr. Hulst’s types of perfusca came from Euston, Washington, and
from Utah, the last named type being in the United States National
Museum.
They may or may not be conspecific, and as they are not now in the
best of condition it is not an easy matter to ascertain with certainty which
form has the best title to the original name. I suggest, therefore, that the
very common western form, to which I have limited it in my own cabinet,
shall be allowed to retain the name perfusca, Hulst. This form has been
identified by Dr. Dyar as conspecific with specimens so named for him by
Dr. Hulst, and probably with the type from Utah, and it answers as well
as any of its allies to Hulst’s original description. Ifthe other types in
the Hulst collection prove to differ they may be given a new name. The
true &. perfusca as thus restricted (type from Utah and B. C. specimens)
can be distinguished from the other species of the group by a brown shade,
which in fresh specimens is distinctly visible at the junction of veins 3 and
4 of the fore wing. This is easily seen in all of the 30 specimens before
me at the present moment.
Eupithecia terminata may be described as follows :
Expanse, 25 mm. Very closely allied to 2. perfusca, but it is a little
larger and considerably darker in colour. The palpi (in ferminata) are
distinctly longer, the brown shade at the junction of veins 3 and 4 Is
absent.
The most easily-noted difference is, however, in the hind wings. In
Æ. terminata these are rather heavily dusted with black scales, especially
towards the outer margin, where they give the appearance of.a wide sub-
marginal dark band. This band is not intersected by the usual white
submarginal line, which can be traced in perfusca, but there is a very
slight indication of a white dot submarginally in the neighbourhood of
vein 1. The margins of the hind wings are not so noticeably depressed
at vein 5 as in perfusca.
THE CaWalvak® EXTOMOLOGE? RTS
This species bas noi re: beer Dai im Vancorcve: Isiand. and x
not a common insect at Kasic.
I have marked as irpes three veer periect specimens. al taken In
Mr. Cockle at Kasio. Two of chese are in mv canne 203 one in that of
the captor.
The dates are June 7, 1906: Jane 1. 1996. and Mar 11. 1908.
4. Eupithecia Slecanata. n 5.—This species is 2:59 a near wiv of
perfusca, but may be distingashed br the narrower and jonzer fore wings,
the very straight costal margins. the soft grav tone of the coionring of the
whole insect, there being no trace of the brown tinis of ferfas-a. and the
general indefiniteness of all the ïiines The hind wings above are paler
and clearer of markings. and tbe white spot ai the tornzs on the fore wings
is much more distinct than 1s tbe case in fer/esca.
The types are two specimets from Kis, a male dated 30th Mar,
1907, and a female dated 27th Julv, 1997, 10 mr own coliccuon, and three
other specimens (roth July to 1st Angus: :. aiso from Kas!to, in the cabinet
of Mr. Cockle.
Allthe forms above mentioned. nanieir. Æ. perfusca, E. term inata
and Æ. S/ocanata, together with Æ. sce¢sfata, were inciuded by Dr. Dvar
in his “ Lepidoptera of Kootenai,” urder the name Æ. satyrata, Hubner
(a European species). This was no dout:t entirely due to the insufficiency
of the material which he had before him at that time. He suggested,
however, that the ferfusca of Hulst might be the same thing, but he had
not enough specimens in hand to enable him to discriminate the forms |
have here characterized.
5. Xanthorhoc planata, n. sp.—I pro2ose this name for the insect
that is now passing in Eastern coliections as X. fuctuata. I have it from
Ottawa, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, cic., and it now appears among Mr.
Cockle’s Kaslo captures.
The differences between f'auata and fluctuata are not great, but
appear to be constant. The ground colour of futuata has very commonly
a slight greenish or yellowish tint, and the black markings are intense ; in
planata the colours are brown and brownish. or grayish-white. The
extradiscal line in fiuctuafa is gently rounded out from the costa, and
curves well inward between veins 4 and 6; in P/anata this curve becomes
almost triangular, and the angle above vein 6 is acute. The basal line
furnishes the best character. In fluctuata it 1s well rounded, having three
outward and four inward scallops, and the space within it forms a con-
spicuous dark blotch. In s/anata the line runs out almost straight to cell,
60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ee + ee;
and then at right angles directly to the inner margin, where it is much
nearer to the base of the wing than it was at its point of origin on the
costa, and the basal blotch is not nearly so conspicuous as in fluctuata.
Finally, the outer margin in #ucfuata is less rounded than in p/anata.
These differences may appear slight, but they seem to be constant ;
and, in view of the fact that the two insects inhabit different continents, I
think that the new name is justified. I have compared 19 European with
numerous American specimens, and I have not found any intermediate
forms.
6. Aplodes unilinearta, n. sp.—Expanse, 32-33 mm.
This species may be best described by comparing it with the known
species of the genus. A. brunnearia is brown, so cannot be confused
with any other species. A. ruripontaria, Pack.. Darwiniata, Dyar, and
two manuscript species of my own intermediata from Nevada, and Caéi-
Jornica from California, all have the abdomen in the male with white
dorsal spots circled with red, and have the extradiscal lines on the hind
wings extending from margin to margin.
In A. mimosaria the lines are also continuous, but the abdomen has
not any red spots. In 4. Æudsonaria and in the present species, the
abdomen agrees with mimosaria, but the outer line on the hind wings does
not reach the inner margin of the wing. ‘The difference between Æwd-
sonaria and unilinearia is that in the males of the latter the inner lines on
all the wings are obsolete, and the outer line on the hind wing in both
sexes is further from the base of the wing and takes a different course,
for while the same line in Audsonaria would, if produced, reach the base
of the wing, in ani/inearia it would touch the middle point of the inner
margin. A. unilinearia is a trifle larger than Hudsonaria, but not quite
so large as Darwintata. Mr. Cockle brought with him four specimens
taken at Kaslo and dated 6th August, 1907 (a female), and 7, 14, 21 July,
1907 (3 males). The first three he retains in his own cabinet, and the
last named ts in my collection.
| Two female moths from Victoria which [ recorded (in Can. Enr.,
XXXVIILI., 206) as probably 4. AHudsonaria, are A. unilinearia. The
Aplodes junctolinearia, Græf, is evidently near to Hudsonaria, but Hulst
says it is an Anaplodes, in which case it will readily be separated by
its lack of the hair pencil on the hind tibiæ of the males.
(To be continued.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61
NEW SPECIES OF COLORADO APHIDIDÆ, WITH NOTES
UPON THEIR LIFE-HABITS.
BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO.
(Continued from page 20.)
During October, 1906, Mr. L. C. Bragg discovered upon the lawn
grass (Poa pratensis) upon the campus of the Colorado Agricultural Col-
lege, a black Rhopalosiphum that seems to be new. It continued upon
the grass through the winter, and in warm situations, as upon the south
side of buildings, it became extremely abundant in the spring. Through
the summer and early fall the louse was not noticed or specially sought
for, but this fall (1907) it is again abundant, especially next to the walls of
buildings and along the border of walks. It accumulates chiefly upon the
tender new leaves and upon the bases of the leaves. About my house
during tke early part of November and first ten days of December, the
date of this writing, young and apterous females have been very abundant,
and winged viviparous females not scarce. No sexual forms or eggs have
been found. In places the blue grass has been killed during late fall and
early winter by this louse.
Rhopalosiphum poa, n. sp—Winged Viviparous Female. Plate 3, figs.
1 and 3. Specimens taken on lawn grass Poa pratensis, at Mort
Collins, November 17, 1907.
General colour, apparently a uniform black, but really a very dark
dusky-brown or brownish-black. The base of the beak and the proxissal
ends of the femora are the only light parts. The tibis: are lighter in
colour than the femora, and are a dusky brown. The cornicles are Vigghite-s
than the other portions of the body, and are light tw dark Susky brown
Thorax and abdomen highly polished above.
Length 1.80 mm.; length of antenna, 2.4 sm ; conticles, 44 tn,
wing, 3.40 mm. Joints of antenoa: IIL 75, IV ss, V 447, VN 44.
VII .65 mm. While the joints vary some in length, they di ned vary vos),
from the above measurements. Third joint of zsstenna with, ANY SMV RP
tuberculate sensoria both above and beswath : joint four witi, bee, :
similar sensoria (see fig. 2), and joint five with alvsut three pour sie 7
mal end. The antenna is upon moderate tuescles, wish ope hors)
February. 1908,
a s {
ese
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63
noticeable on the outer margins, but are moderately produced on the inner
margins, where they are somewhat swollen, as in AMfysus. The first joint
of the antenna is slightly gibbous, also reminding one of the genus #fysus.
Wing venation normal, stigma dusky-brown, stigmal nerve strongly curved,
the middle ocellus rather prominent, the lateral tubercles of the prothorax
were slender or wanting, and the cauda very small, almost obsolete. The
cornicles are shaped like an Indian club, with the greatest diameter a little
beyond the middle and with the enlargement somewhat greater upon the
inner side of the cornicles. The greatest diameter is more than twice the
diameter at the proximal end. Beak short, barely attaining the second
Coxe.
Apterous Viviparous Female.—(Plate 3, fig. 2.) Taken along with the alate
form. ;
Length of body and of antenna, 1.9 mm. Joints of antenna: III
.46, IV .34, V .29, VI .13, VII.50 mm. Length of cornicles, .29 mm. :
shape of cornicles as in the winged form. The cauda is very short and
pointed, black in colour, and does not exceed the tarsi in length. The
colours are as in the alate form, except that the body is not highly polished,
and the femora are not as black. Antennal tubercles rather large and
strongly gibbous on the inner sides, as are the first joints of the antenne,
Except for the cornicles, the head characters of this insect would cause it
to be classified as a Mysus. The body has many capitate hairs, which
are most abundant about the head, the terminal segments of the abdomen,
the legs and the proximal joints of the antennæ. ‘The vertex is stronply
produced, almost tuberculate between the antennæ.
No other food-plant than blue grass has been found for thin np ten
Rhopalosiphum nervatum, n. sp.—Described from specimens taken on
wild rose leaves and tender stems, in Fort Collins, July 4, toy — \
light-green louse of medium size and with conspictious lilas k moon
ures in the wings, common upon wild and cultivated tones threwupghoat
the summer and fall.
Alate Viviparous Female.—Pale green in colour, with light yellow
brown mesothoracic lobes above, dark red eyes, wings with le y ut
brown venation, antennæ black, except joints 1 and 2 saul proatsat vint
of 3rd; tarsi and distal ends of tibiæ black, tibi and cistal jet denim al
64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
femora and distal half of cornicles dusky, cauda pale green and .22 mm.
long.
Length of body, 2.10 mm.; antenna, 2.90 mm. Joints of antenna
about as follows: III .60,1V .43, V .40, VI.15, VII.959 mm. Cornicles,
.66 mm., and distinctly but not strongly clavate. Wing, 3 mm. long, ven-
ation normal, each nervure terminating in a small dusky spot on wing
margin. Stigma long and narrow, stigmatic vein very convex.
A very abundant species on tender terminal twigs of wild and culti-
vated roses about Fort Collins now. Many viviparous females getting
wings.
Apterous Viviparous Female.—Differs from preceding by having the
body light green throughout, antenna with 7th joint black, and the others
light green annulated with black at joints and no sensoria on 3rd joint ;
distal portion of tibiæ, femora and cornicles hardly dusky, if at all. Taken
along with the alate form above.
Apterous Oviparous Female.—(Plate 3, figs. 4 and 5). On rose bushes,
Fort Collins, Oct. 17, 1907.
Adult oviparous females are light orange-red in colour upon head,
anterior portion of thorax and terminal portion of the abdomen, including
the cauda. The eyes are very dark red. The metathorax and all the
abdomen to the region of the cornicles is light to very dark dusky green.
Usually a broad pale yellow or yellowish-green area crosses the abdomen
in the region of the cornicles, this light colour sometimes extending to the
tip of the abdomen. In some specimens the entire body is pink in colour,
the dark markings being fairly uniform. The antenna is pale in proximal
half with distal ends of joints 3, 4 and 5, and all of joints 6 and 7 black ;
legs dusky yellow with tarsi and distal ends of tibiæ black or blackish ;
cornicles also dusky yellow with extreme tips black, gently curved and
moderately clavate.
Length of body, 2 mm.; antenna, 2.5 mm. Joints: III .60, IV .40,
V .43, VIL.r15, VII .80 mm. Cornicles, .68 mm.; cauda, .25 mm.;
antennæ upon strong tubercles, prothoracic tubercles wanting, 2nd joint of
antenna gibbous upon inner side.
A few light yellow viviparous females still on the leaves, but most of
the lice are oviparous females and winged males now. A few eggs,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65
bright green in colour, were seen upon the leaves, which became deep
shining black later (fig. 5).
Winged Male.—(Plate 3, figs. 6 and 7.)
Colour, a pale greenish-yellow; head, prothorax, lobes of mesothorax
above and below and three lateral spots upon the abdomen, yellowish
brown; antenna, cornicles, tibiæ, tarsi and distal ends of femora dusky to
blackish ; eyes dark red ; in some specimens the dorsum of the abdomen
shows transverse yellowish-brown lines upon many of the segments.
Length, about 1.40 mm.; antenna, 2.90 mm. Joints: III .60, IV
St, V .48, VI .16, VII 1 mm. Joints 3, 4 and $ all have a row of
very small and slightly tuberculate sensoria upon the under side for their
entire lengths (fig. 7). Cornicles a little curved, distinctly clavate, and
.55 mm. long ; venation of wing conspicuously black. Frontal tubercles
for antennæ short but fairly stout; 1st joints of antennæ gibbous upon
inner side ; cauda concolorous with body or a little dusky.
On account of the somewhat incrassate cornicles I am placing this
species in the genus Rhopalosiphum, but it has the general appearance of
Macrosiphum. This was by far the most common rose louse about Fort
Collins the past summer. Described from examples taken with the
oviparous females above.
Macrosiphum Sanborni,* n. sp.
A brownish-black pyriform louse, with all parts of the body above
highly polished. From chrysanthemums in greenhouse.
Apterous Viviparous Female.—(Plate 3, figs. 8 and 9.)
Colour, to the naked eye, very dark brown or black. ‘I'he lighten!
portions are the margins of the meso- and metathorax, and the Dostutis
and posterio-lateral portions of the abdomen. The cauda, the connie Jeg,
the distal ends of the femora, the proximal and distal ends of the him,
joints 1 and 2 and distal half of antenna, black; greater ponton of
tibiæ, basal portions of femora and 3rd joint of antenna, brownials yellow ,
eyes very dark red.
Length of body, 1.85 mm.; antenna, 1.85 mm. Jolnts, JI 4, DV
.27, V .26, VI .12, VIT .5o mm. Cauda, .26, and corniclue, 94 num
"Koch's black chrysanthemum louse, Aphis chrysanthom{, van hnedly In
this species, as it was described and figured as having the sun vos y alien!
hardly longer than broad. Macrosiphum campanulw Mur) munie tir Vie | ‘a
most closely-allied form so near as I can determine from the Jilus ni n in)
have access to.
66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
long. The cauda is very long and stout for the size of the louse ; the
cornicles are stout, strongly tapering towards tip and without distinct
flange ; 3rd joint of antenna with about r5 to 20 circular sensoria, varying
much in size; joint 4 without sensoria ; a few stout hairs on joints 1
to 5; frontal tubercles rather prominent, converging towards the head,
but widely separated. Thorax without lateral tubercles, or with very
small ones. .
The nymphs are dark amber in general colour.
Alate Viviparous Female.—Vaken from chrysanthemums at Fort Collins,
December 12, 1907.
General colour black, shining, with more or less of brown amber
colour on posterior margins of the abdomen and in the region of the
cornicles ; coxæ and distal ends of femora and tibiæ very black ; proximal
ends of femora and tibiz of a light amber colour.
Length of body, 1.43 mm.; antenna, 2 mm.; wings, 2.90 mm ; cor-
nicles, .20, and cauda, .23 mm. Joints of antenna: III .60, IV .26,
V .30, VI .13, VII .54 mm. Joint 3 is strongly tuberculate, with a large
number of sensoria. Joint 4 has about ten sensoria similar to those of
joint 3; joint 5 has a single sensorium at distal end ; joints set with
numerous rather strong hairs.
For a fuller description of the alate female see paper on Xansas
A phidida, in Vol. III, No. 1, Kansas University Science Bulletin, by C.
E. Sanborn.
Prof. Sanborn, supposing he had before him Oestlund’s Vectarophora
chrysanthemi (quite a different species), described the alate female of this
common chrysanthemum louse.
It is possible that this louse is the one called by Williams Stphonophora
chrysanthemicolens in his Æost-plant List of North American Aphididae,
Special Bulletin I., Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska,
1891, but without one word of description. In all probability it is what Mr.
Gahon has referred to in Bulletin 119 of the Maryland Exp. Sta., p. 14,
as the “ Black Aphis of the Chrysanthemum,” but also without descrip-
tion. I believe it entirely wrong to accept a name proposed as c#ry-
santhemicolens was. If there is any group of insects more than another
that need a very careful characterization to establish the identity of the
species, it seems to me that it must be the Aphididæ.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67
We have found this louse common in greenhouses in Colorado, and
upon chrysanthemums only. We have seen no sexual forms.
Nectarophora chrysanthemi, Oest, was taken upon a composite,
Bidens chrysanthemoides, one of the Bur-Marigolds, and not upon
chrysanthemum.
Brachycolus Ballit, n. sp.
A long, slender, flat, thrip-like louse with very short legs, antennæ
and beak, and without cornicles ; body more or less pulverulent through-
out. On Carex sp.
Wingless Viviparous Female.—(Plate 3, figs ro and 11.)
General colour very light greenish-yellow, mottled heavily with dusky
spots above and below, and covered with white bloom. Body very long
and narrow; medium length, about 2.25 mm.; width, .75 to .89 mm.; an-
tenna, .80 mm. Joints: III .19; IV .13; V .14; VI .14; VII .og mm.
The cornicles are mere circular openings midway upon the 6th segment, |
and often difficult to find; cauda knobbed, short ; supragenital or anal
plate bifid ; vertex evenly rounded and quite convex; eyes very dark red
and entirely without tubercles ; legs short and stout, the third pair hardly
attaining the 7th abdominal segment ; beak extremely short, not attaining
2nd pair of coxe.
The dusky colour is usually solid upon head, pro- and mesothorax, and
about 3 or 4 of the terminal segments of the abdomen above, and there is
a large dusky spot on either lateral margin of each segment. Legs and
antenna dusky to blackish ; hairs upon legs, antenna and body short and
fine but fairly abundant.
Described from many specimens taken at Fort Collins, Aug. 9, Oct.
30 and Dec 3. I have also taken specimens at Rocky Ford, Colo. All
our specimens have been taken from Carex Nebraskensis.
Apterous Oviparous Female.—(Plate 3, figs. 12, 13 and 14.)
Length of body, 2.90 mm.; greatest width, .96 mm.; length of antenna,
1.37 mm. Joints: III .43, IV .26; V .25, VI .17, VII .15 mm. Legs
very short ; anterior tibiæ, .60 mm. long. Eyes without tubercles. Gen-
eral colour a pale greenish-yellow, with slight dusky transverse lines, more
or less broken or indistinct at each suture of thorax and abdomen. Eyes
black or very dark red ; antenna black beyond 2nd joint, but more or
less covered with a white pulverulence ; tarsi and posterior tibiæ and a
+
68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
slight longitudinal line either side of the pronotum, dusky to blackish. No
other dark markings. Cornicles absent, but in the place of each is a pore
with a yellow spot just before it. Between the antennæ the vertex has a
large flat bilobed tubercle or prominence. At the sides of joints 6 and 7
of the abdomen there are, on the ventral surface, upon either side, glands
that secrete delicate silvery white wax threads which are used to cover the
newly-laid eggs (fig. 13). Cauda knobbed as in Ca//ipterus; anal plate
bilobed ; beak very short, not reaching 2nd coxe.
Eges.—(Plate 3, fig. 13.)
The eggs when freshly deposited are a beautiful pale yellowish green,
lightly covered with bits of slender wax threads from the abdomen of the
female. Dimensions of eggs, .71 by .29 mm. They are deposited upon
the free surface of the leaves or in the fold along the mid-vein and near
the base. | | |
Described from a louse and her eggs that have been under observa-
tion for two weeks in the laboratory (12-4-'07).
This louse differs from the characters that Buckton lays down for
Brachycolus by having the 7th joint of the antenna short, and by having
the cauda knobbed as in Ca//ipterus.
No alate form or pupæ have been seen.
It gives me pleasure to dedicate this interesting species, the first of
this genus described in America, to Dr. E. D. Ball, who first discovered it
in 1899 upon the grounds of the Colorado Agricultural College.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.
Plate.—Rhopalosiphum poa, n. sp.: 1, alate viviparous female ; 2,
joints 3 and 4 of the antenna of same; 3, apterous viviparous female.
Rhopalosiphum nervatum, n. sp.: 4, apterous oviparous female ; 5, egg of
same; 6, alate male ; 7, joints 3 and 4 of antenna of same. Macrost-
phum Sanborni, n. sp.: 8, apterous viviparous female; 9, joint 3 of
antenna of same. ÆBrachycolus Ballti, n. sp.: 10, apterous viviparous
female; 11, antenna of same; 12, apterous oviparous female; 13, egg,
and 14, antenna of same. All the lice are enlarged 15 diameters. Origi-
nal, M. A, Palmer, Artist.
o- te —
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69
THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.
The third meeting of the Entomo:ogical Society of America was held
at the University of Chicago, December 30 and 31. 1907. in affiliation
with the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and other
societies. About one hundred were in attendance, coming from as
widely remote localities as Maine and California, Ottawa and Louisiana.
During Monday’s sessions twenty-one interesting papers on a variety
of Entomological subjects were read. An exhibit of specimens and
materials was open to inspection, contributions having been made by
eight members.
In the evening the annual address was given by Professor Herbert
Osborn, of the Ohio State University, his subject being ‘ The Habits of
Insects as a Factor in Classification.” The address was followed by a
most enjoyable smoker, at which the members of the Society and their
friends were the guests of the Entomological section of the Chicago
Academy of Sciences.
At the annual business meeting on Tuesday, the 31st, the following
officers were elected :
President, Dr. William Morton Wheeler.
ist Vice-President, Dr. John B. Smith
2nd Vice-President, Rev. Prof. C. J. S. Bethune.
Secretary-Treasurer, J. Chester Bradley.
Additional members of the Executive Committee: Dr. James G.
Needham, Prof. V. S. Kellogg, Prof. Herbert Osborn, Prof. J. H. Com-
stock, Dr. P. P. Calvert, Mr. F. M. Webster.
STANDING COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE.
Dr. H. T. Fernald, to serve 3 years.
Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, to serve two years.
Dr. E. P. Felt, to serve one year.
COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE..
Dr. Fernald moved, seconded by Dr. Smith,
1. That the Entomological Society of America hereby endorses the
Code of Nomenclature adopted by the International Zoological Congress
as the code which should be used by the members of the Society so far as
it can be applied.
2. That cases not covered by this code which may be presented to
the Society for consideration, be referred to a standing Committee on
70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Nomenclature, to consist of three members, one member of which shall be
elected each year for a term of three years, and the opinion of this Com-
mittee on cases referred to them shall be reported to the Society at the
first annual meeting subsequent to their reference to the Committee.
Mr. Bradley moved to amend by striking out the second clause,
because entomology should not be treated as distinct from zoology in
general, and because the Commission on Nomenclature established by the
International Congress of Zoology is the sufficient and proper body before
which to bring such question for decision.
Dr. Fernald stated that the reports of the Commission on Nomencla-
ture of the International Congress of Zoology are greatly delayed by the
fact that the Congress meets only once in three years, and by the rule
that a question must be presented at least a year before the meeting at
which it is to be considered. It was not the intention of the mover that
the Committee should act in opposition to or independently from the
Commission on Nomenclature, but that it should be instrumental in voicing
the needs of entomology before that body, which should be the final court
of reference.
With that explanation, the amendment was withdrawn and motion
passed,
PUBLICATION OF A JOURNAL.
Perhaps the most important act of the meeting was embodied in the
following resolutions adopted by the Executive Committee and confirmed
by the Society :
1, That the Society undertake a publication to be called ‘ Annals of
the Entomological Society of America,” to be issued in quarterly fascicles.
2. That it include only papers of importance or marked merit, and
that each be issued and bound separately as well as in fascicles, so that
each paper may be sold separately.
3. That proceedings of the meetings be included either at the
beginning or end of each volume, and form one separate, which is to be
sent to all members of the Society. |
4. That a subscription price of $1.00 in addition to the membership
fee be charged members for the annals, and thatthe subscription price to
non-members, libraries, etc., be $3.00.
5. That an Editorial Board be selected by the Executive Committee,
and that this Board shall select one of its members as managing editor,
who, with his associates, shall be responsible for the selection of material
to be published.
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SYNCHLOE LANCEOUATA Bis 41 BTE 1 DL ENCAIE-
TION OF A RELATED 223.0722 Fs _H SST THERN
CALIPEZNIL
EY FORDICE GEZSSI-Z “2. Pade"@Wa “3-57
The purpose of ths racer = 2 re à sc TON :6 22 interesuirg
species of Synchioe relaeed +9 Lourrosts DS Si TE
Synchlec lanceolata Was Ges ei 7 : Si 2125 1725 = the secced
paper in 1869, in the classes ace =ccea ye L'eres-=g rarer. ~ Lepi-
doptéres de la Califormse.”) Tze sere socaccs was 2 ven as - M:ctictes
de la Juba,” and that of Dr. Be=-'s Efeurd:::. cescr.ted 22 ses neatly. as
* Downieville, Sierra county”. wie mi irecimers are from F.:mas
county, to the northward, bi: ia che site Saini arca, anc 50 are realiy
typical.
Syachloe lancesiata Boiscsaval . Dyar.
d. Upper side white. Primar-es with a comparativeiy large, black
lunule at end of cell, with the concave side turned tcwards the apex of the
wing. Apices more or less shaded with brown scaies, especially along the
nervules. Hind wings white. Under side. wood-brown, with faint traces
February, 1908
72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
of ochre yellow along veins and in the apices. Discal spot more curved
than above. On the hind wings the colour is more dense towards
the costa. A large white, slightly tapering streak, directed inwardly. Ex-
panse, 40 mm. '
9. Similar to the male, but larger.
Synchloe australis, new species.
g. Upper side: Primaries, white; apex rather densely shaded
with blackish-brown, especially along the veins, gradually thinning out
towards the inner margin. The discal spot is simply a blackish-brown
dash, oblique. Hind wings white, the markings of the under side giving
it a diluted appearance. Under side: Primaries white, the apices suffused
with lavender-gray, lightly marked with the prevailing colour of the
secondaries, and also along the costa to the base. Discal spot larger and
slightly crescent-shaped. Secondaries varying from drab to olive or hair-
brown, mottled in dashes and streaks, densest along veins and towards
base and costa. The white dash is comparatively small. Antenne annu-
lated ; club dark brown, tip yellowish. Thorax and base of wings, black-
ish-brown.
Expanse, 50 mm.
©. Similar to the male.
Types, rt 4 and 2 $ 9, in the collection of the author. Five topo:
types in the collection of V. L. Clémence.
Types locality: Arroyo Seco Cañon and Millard Canon, Pacific
slope of the St. Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles county, California. Ele-
vation 2,500 feet. April 6, 1899, and April 8, 1907.
I have thirteen typical specimens of /anceolata from Plumas county,
Calif, July, 1902, before me.
These two species differ so decidedly in practically all points that
they can hardly be confused by anyone ; the density of the apical shading,
the shape of the discal spot, the exact colouring of the under side of the
secondaries particularly, and the white dash, are all distinctive and easily-
observed characters. Thecolour of the under side of the secondaries has
heretofore been very vaguely indicated, but here they are very important,
so I have consulted Ridgway’s ‘‘Nomenclature of Colours” for the correct
ones.
. Students of butterflies have sadly neglected the comparative study of
the species to the minutest details, and their relation to the evolution of
the physiography of the region ; before we can gain any knowledge of the
evolution, origin and distribution of the butterflies, the study of physiog-
raphy must be taken up along with the butterfly structure.
Os
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
-7
Synchloe australis and /anceolata are Transition Z ne species ; /ance-
olata belongs to the Sierra Nevadan faun3l area, while ausfralis belongs to
the Southern Sierran The relation of these forms to the evolution of
the physiography of the country will be undertaken at some future time.
Mr. E. K. Harvey, of Los Angeles, has four specimens of awsfralis
in his collection captured in Eaton Canon in the San Gabriel Mountains,
on the following dates: March 16 and 21, 1g01, and Apmi 21, 1899.
Three males and one female. Mr. Harvey has noticed the striking dif-
ferences between these and specimens of typical /anceo/ata which he
possesses from Siskiyou county and Placer county.
W. G. Wright, in his ‘ Butterflies of the West Coast,” refers to this
species as the southern form of /anceolata ; he does not refer to the dis-
tinctive characters of the under side, only saying that the apices area
little darker. He figures only the upper side, his specimens being from
“ City Creek, Cal.,” near San Bernardino. The localities in Mr. Wright's
book are very vague and indefinite, his descriptions likewise, all of which
lessen the value of the book.
In conclusion, I will give in synoptical form the characters of these two
species, to help in their readier discrimination :
1. Discal spot crescent shaped ; apical shading comparatively obscure ;
under side of secondaries wood brown and ochre yellow ; white dash
large............................................/anceolata, Bd.
2. Discal spot straight; apical shading very intense; under side of
secondaries drab or hair-brown ; white dash
comparatively small............................ australis, n. sp.
ON SOME APPARENTLY NEW CECIDOMYIID-.
BY WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY,
NEW YORK.
Cecidomyta (7?) collinsonia, sp. nov.—Zarva.—White, broad and
rounded. Anal segment somewhat truncate, with the sides rounded. Breast-
bone or anchor process very broad at the apex, and with two widcly-
separated lateral, short projections, the part between them even. Basal
portion of breast-bone not visible. Length, 2 mm.; width, .75 mm.
Ga/l.—Green, onion-shaped, pubescent, succulent, thick walled, with
a narrow larval chamber inside containing a single larva. Length, 4-7
mm.; width, 3.50—5 mm.
February, 1908
74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Collected at Garrison, New York, by T. D. A. Cockerell and myself,
in August, 1907. The gall occurs singly or in numbers on the under sides
of the leaves of horse-balm ( Col/insonia Canadensis ).
Cecidomyta (?) collinsonifolia, sp. nov.—Larva.—White, elongate,
narrow. Anal segment rounded. Breast-bone long, narrow, gradually
broadening toward the apex, where there are two rather sharp teeth, with
the space between very deep. Length, 1.75 mm.; width, .50 mm.
Gall.—Pale green, elongate, narrow swellings on the mid-rib, or
larger veins on the under side of the leaf of horse-balm (Collinsonia
Canadensis }.
Collected at Garrison, New York, by T. D. A. Cockerell and myself,
in August. The gall contains a single larva.
Cecidomyia (7?) triadenti, sp. nov.— Zarva.—Pale orange, long and
narrow, much longer than broad, and of almost equal width. Anal
segment rounded. Breast-bone or anchor process prominent, long,
anterior portion greatly enlarged, with a projection on each side and two
lateral teeth at the apex. Length, 4 mm.; width, .75 mm.
Gall.— Green, globular or somewhat elongate swellings on the stalk
of marsh St. John’s wort (Zriadenum virginicum). Length, 6-10 mm.;
width, 5-5.50 mm. |
Collected in Middlesex County, New Jersey, Sept. 15, 1907, by
W. de W. Miller. .
Cecidomyia (?) angelica, sp. nov.— Larva.—Orange, elongate, sides
parallel. Each segment with a minute filament on each side, and a num-
ber at the terminal end of the anal segment, which is rounded. Breast-
bone or anchor process long, slender and parallel to the broad anterior por-
tion, which has a long, sharp projection on each side and three apical teeth,
the median one being shorter. Length, 3.50 mm.; width, .75 mm.
Gall.—Elongate swellings of the stalk of the pubescent angelica
(Angelica villosa). Each gall contains numerous larve, which are in a
large chamber filled with pith of the plant. Sometimes as many as four
swellings are on a single stalk. Length, 25 to55 mm.; width, 8 to 14
mm. The larve hibernate in the gall.
Collected in Middlesex County, New Jersey, Oct. 22, 1907, by W.
de W. Miller. .
Cecidomyia (?) boehmeria, sp. nov.—Larva.—Pale yellowish-white,
elongate, segments of almost equal width. Anal segment rounded and
without filaments. Breast-bone or anchor process very long and slender,
ES ee
~ ee ae ——~ = +
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75
gradually widening towards the anterior portion, which has two lateral
teeth and a shorter median one. Length, 2 mm.; width, .5o mm.
Gall—An elongate, fusiform swelling of the stalk of false nettle
( Bochmeria cylindrica). Inside is an elongate, narrow chamber, inhabited
by a single larva. Length, 12 mm.; width, 6 mm.
Collected at Shushank, New York, Sept. 30, 1907, by Frank Dobbins,
and at Fort Lee, New Jersey, by the writer. °
Cecidomyia (?) fulva, sp. nov.—Zarva.—Orange. Breast-bone or
anchor process very long, slightly increasing in width toward the apex,
which has two rather long, sharp lateral teeth. Length, 1.25 mm.; width,
.75 mm.
Gal/.—Green, succulent, globular or irregularly rounded swelling on
the stem, petiole or leaf of the jewel-weed or balsam (/mfatiens fulva).
Inside is a rather large chamber inhabited by a single larva. Length,
7 mm.; width, 4 mm.
Collected at Shushank, New York, Sept. 30, 1907, by Frank Dobbins,
and at Fort Lee, New Jersey, by the writer.
Lasioptera lycopi Felt—Larva.—Pale orange, long and slender,
with the segments of almost equal width. Breast-bone or anchor process
long, anterior portion much swollen, with two long lateral teeth rounded
at the tip. Length, 1.33 mm.; width, .25 mm.
Ga//.— Rounded or globular, green, swellings on the stalks of bugle-
weed (Lycopus virginicus). Inside is an elongated chamber containing a
single larva. Length, ro mm.; width, 4 mm.
Collected at White Plains, N. Y., Sept. 31, 1907.
BOOK NOTICE.
Mosquito Lire. By Evelyn Groesbeeck Mitchell, A. B. M. S.; G. P.
Putnam’s Sons, New York and London. The Knickerbocker Press,
1907. |
This neat lutle volume of 280 pages has been published by Miss
Mitchell as a graceful tribute to the memory of the late Dr. J. W. Dupree,
under whom she worked, and whose notes she acquired. The volume is
really a review of the same ground covered by Dr. L. O. Howard's
“ Mosquitoes,” brought up more nearly to the level of present knowledge,
and illustrated by original drawings made by the author. It may take the
place of a second edition of that work, which has never been published,
although so much needed. Miss Mitchell’s Original ‘keys for the
76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
determinations of species will, no doubt, prove convenient to field workers
and physicians, as she has largely avoided the use of microscopical
structures. In the title the species of the United States are said to be
treated of, but in reality, only those of the Atlantic Coast region are dealt
with. The book has not been revised to date, the most recent contribu-
tions to the knowledge of the subject being unnoticed ; but for this we
can scarcely blame the author, as the subject proceeds at such a rapid
pace that any book must lag behind to some extent.
We regret to notice a lamentable lack of credit to. Dr. Howard and
his assistants. The book reads like a second edition of Dr. Howard's
work. Mr. Coquillett’s classification has been absolutely adhered to ; the
descriptions of larvæ sound so familiar that the reviewer involuntarily
turned to the title page to see if they were not his own, while the
illustrations show the effects of the influence of Mr. F. Knab’s expert
artistic criticism. Probably Miss Mitchell herseif scarcely realizes how
much information she has absorbed from the Government Bureaus. We
should like her to try and imagine what her book would have been like if
she had written it before she came to Washington. Of Dr. Howard’s
assistants, Mr. Coquillett only receives some, though inadequate,
recognition. His name might have better assisted in gracing the title
page. A certain obtuseness of scientific conscience is, we think,
responsible for this condition, and it has further led our author to publish
her work independently, although she was employed to assist in the
preparation of the much-delayed Carnegie Institution Monograph, and had
in her hands for study the material collected for that work. An attempt
has been made to avoid responsibility for this action by re-examining
those species that could be found in the collections of the New Jersey
and New York State entomologists, and we have no doubt that all the
figures were carefu:ly redrawn out of office hours. A more candid course
on Miss Mitchell’s part would not have detracted from the credit due her,
though it might possibly have prevented the publication of the book.
Her action in copyrighting drawings which she had been paid to prepare
for the Carnegie Institution Monograph, ts certainly indefensible.
Following the eximple set by the objects of her study, Miss Mitchell has
played the part of a feminine Psororhora among the scientific -Edids of
Washington. The .Fdids themselves can do no iess than commend the
work, however much they may deprecate its manner of production. Our
readers will find it a usefui handbook. Harrison G. Dyar.
Mailed February oth, 1908.
Canadian Gutomologist
VOLUME XL.
No. 3.
CONTENTS
Dyar—Some new species of American Noctuide........ .... ae
Kirkaldy -- Third supplement to the * Catalogue of Aphidie (... 0 60......
Coquillett- Dr. Dyar's Criticism of * Mosquito Life ”
Swett A further note on Synelys enucleata. ..... dose ee
Gibson-- Note on the Brown Cry ptolechia (C. querc icella, Cle Me...
Cook and Watson —Oviposition of Epidemia epixanthe .. ......... .
* Covkerell— A new Gallon Aster | de ue as Lee eee knee eee ees
Cockerell— Fossil Chrysopidie .... . . . .. poses ce ee eee
Knaus- Notes on Coleoptera............ dose beeen e eee ee
Taylor Note on Gabriola Dvari, Tayler.
Mitchell--—A reply to Dr. Dyar. .... due eo ee ne tent ee eens
Taylor -- Notes on the Lepidoptera of Kaslo. R. C. teontinued) .
Cockle--The Mating of Boreus Californicus ose
Hampson— Notes on Noctuidie.... be kee vos
Cosens— A new Lepidopterous Gallproducer
EDITED BY
REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE,
PROERSSOR OF ENTOMOLOGY,
ON TART AGRICULTURAL COPPRGE, GUPEDPH,
MARCH, 1908.
LAONTIOON:
TONDON PRENEENGS AND) Pies RAPED Ne. OMAN".
OS.
EXCHANGES.
Sutsertbers are invited to mate literal use of tits coiunin. ~~ Nolices over three dines
are liable to be shortened tf necessary, Ail invertions free to subscrteers.
WANTED. -Experienced men fer insectary and field work, engagement to
last from five to seven months, longer if applicant can teach, Write, stating
experience, to FLL. WASHBURN, State Experiment Station, St. Anthony Park,
Minn.
INDIAN INSECTS in all orders. Fine specimens of P. mayo, Kal. albofasciatie,
Hestia cadelli, ete. from Andaman DS and Te. imperialis, A. camadera,
Phylliums, Phasmids and Live Cocouns from Darjeeling and Assam. Write for
prices to À. Mrth, 4 Convent Radi, Entally. Calcutta.
DYTISGID EE. Canadian examples wanted. Will gladiy name material in this
family and Halipiidie. and can offer geod exchange. CHRIS. Tf. ROBERTS, 10
Washington Place, New York.
HRPIALUS THULE to exchange for other rire NN. Plepialidee net in my
coilection.- He IL EAMAN, 74 Me Favish Street, Montreal, Canada.
COLEOPTERAN. Mans papers by LeConte, Eorn, Fall and others to exchange
for Buprestidae and Cerambseidae. List on application. GS CHAGNON, PLO).
box 186, Montreal, Canada.
HVVUENOPIE RY AND COPLOPTERA, both European and Exoti, offered toa
exchange for Pivineneptera, Celeoptera and Decaped Crustaceans of Canada
and tie United States. AL Di cist sson, Caudebec-ies-Elbeut, Seine Diferieure,
France.
PReworrEe av. Fo owed) be gli to get materia ing the Noctutd genus
flareoddcra and its aviies from: adh parts of the ceuntey foc studs dn the preparation
Of areviston of this series. Twi name and return specimens promptly, fer the
piles of retuning such as oi be needed in completing che ween. JOHN BR.
SAGE New Bevinswieh, New Perses,
Popper pape of Ceorepia, Prometheas Po achenton and IT.
cart also Dep rdopteni ml Coleoptera tn paper. te exchange for goed Ul Ss,
or Canadian Species, VT. Ressonps, Gardner, More,
COEPOP TURN Mee con smedes ab U.S. Caleaptenu. cand aise mans
from Menus Gat Gore a fer eNehose. WHE gave set et Cabichronit
WelanchMicwn Tor oa specimen oh Vosobamnens cacwier ater. DR Geka. We
[EN | ‘to: Vic: Vacs, St, Pounis, Mae,
GbE TEED Wooten gaat vs tete Moi bus os cchanes Wrise
Beet DMs rated vaste it orem. Sie NON Nec, New Mexico, Ne
t Mera cmd Baa, Wo bio Pa nr oe oa Prune Sti. Newer a NG |.
re i | caler et en: Pie. Pieter USS ba et dota. coh seriest,
Fe. . eyo Ness Koss Nes road Printer SX. NN, Reports,
‘, . erie th ONL, ae 2 | D Dr ut, Woescer ate. Magne.
_ PN tes met des et Pea poem, nitela,
mo tr Poe toate te teens. Nomis. orient and
5 . : "it. wat aretha, HO MGrFsER, 23S
Le ‘
Sos . ’ , oot *s ‘ « Nate ts tee “. ‘ . 4" oilutis of
k, 1 Se set NS pusbische-
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PF, PES Dit. oi it . ; A ss cu Tb eteenaay
Satis Pearce oo a Ne, ne te 4 yt J ON + Fstute,
C4 tit, Courtoir ts
The Éanadian Bentomologist
_—_——
Vou. XL. LONDON, MARCH, 1908. No. 3.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF AMERICAN
NOCTUIDÆ.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Gortyna ochroptena, n. sp.—Pale stramineous, only slightly tinted
with brown, the lines faint and obscure, arranged as in rwfila, Guen., and
allies. Ordinary spots white, claviform and orbicular forming an oblique
row of three spots, the middle one smallest ; reniform with white central
line, all the surrounding spots white ; subterminal shade purplish, defining
a yellow apical patch. Hind wings whitish. Expanse, 33 mm.
One ¢, Denver, Colorado (collection of Wm. Schaus).
Type, No. 11411, U. S. National Museum.
A Western species of the rutida series, distinguished by its very pale
colour. The colour is much the same as in /furcata, Smith, but without
the expanded spots of that species.
Gortyna nepheleptena, n. sp.—Fore wing very heavily shaded with
brown down to and including the submedian fold, the space between
that and the inner margin as far out as the outer line clear yellowish,
irrorated with red-brown ; an apical yellow patch, from which the sub-
terminal line is clearly indicated as a series of little scallops to the anal
angle ; ordinary lines lost in the dark colour; basal spots yellow in the
dark ground, two near the costal edge, followed by a very narrow yellow
line ; orbicular and claviform forming three rounded white spots, nearly
equal, the middle one eroded on the inner side; orbicular a slender curved
yellow line, surrounded by the full complement of spots, all white, none
large. Hind wing tinged with fuscous to the outer margin, which is
somewhat broadly and contrastingly pale. Expanse, 33 mm.
One $, New York [exact locality unknown], (collection U. S.
National Museum).
Type, No. 11412, U. S. National Museum.
The specimen was identified by Prof. J. B. Smith as “ /%ydrecia
appasionata, Harv.,” at some date, apparently many years ago, for it has
nothing to do with that pretty and now well-known species. It belongs
to the rufila series, but it is much more heavily dark-shaded than any
described form. It is perhaps nearest to Jlerricata, Bird, but that has
the brown shading powdered and diffused, not obscuring the ordinary
jines.
78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Gortyna marginidens, Gueneë.— A specimen before me was com-
pared with Gueneé’s type by Mr. Schaus, and a reading of Gueneé’s
description appears to me to entirely confirm the determination. The
species is, however, not the one identified as marginidens by Prof. J. B.
Smith and by Mr. H. Bird, but the “dark form” of circumlucens, Smith,
referred to by Mr. Bird as forming galls in the stems of hop (Can. ENT.,
XXXIX, 137, 1907). The types of circumlucens, while similar in
markings, are considerably darker in colour than the marginidens, and,
considering how closely the species of Gortyna are allied, I am inclined
to retain circumlucens, for the present at least, as a distinct species, the
larva being still undiscovered. The species heretofore known as
marginidens will require a new name, and may be known as
Gortyna Birdi, n. sp.—Of the same pattern and coloration as
marginidens, Guen., but the colours more diversified, the median space
more contrastingly lighter below ; at the base of the wing, beside the
single white speck, two spots, a wavéd line and a dot; reniform spot
larger, more expanded, similarly formed ; orbicular with a central brown
dot, not solid ; apical pale patch somewhat more diffused.
Eight specimens before me, the one selected as type being a male in
fine condition, bred by Mr. Bird at Rye, New York.
Type, No. 11410, U. S. National Museum.
Gortyna nephrasyntheta, n. sp.—Similar to Birdi, Dyar, and as
large as the largest female of that species before me. The fore wing is
much the same, but the colour is less bright, and the shadings less
contrasted, being of a dull tan brown. The markings are all the same,
the principal difference residing in the reniform stigma, which Is very
large and almost solidly white, the centre line being white instead of
yellow as in Bird, and closely fused to its large surrounding spots, their
separations forming narrow hair-lines. Apical blotch large, pale.
Expanse, 47 mm.
One 9, Plummer’s Island, Maryland, Sept. 27, 1904 (E. A. Schwarz).
Type, No. 11413, U. S. National Museum.
I have had ‘this specimen under the label marginidens, Guen.
(= Birdi, Dyar), for several years, but now that Mr. Bird has shown how
closely these species run, it is impossible to longer hold it in that
association.
80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
a COR € ee D eq
Type, No. 11415, U. S. National Museum.
Allied to purpurifascia, but distinguished by the straightness and
confluence of the inner spots and the median shading. Less closely
allied to Æarrisii, Grt. All the specimens were labelled ‘“purpurtfascia,”
Mr, Schaus’s specimen being marked “ purpurifascia, Grt., comp. B. M.”;
but these species are so much alike that any comparison might easily err,
and I prefer to retain Mr. Bird’s identification of purpurifascia, which I
think is correct.
Chabuata rectinubila, n. sp.— 9. Head and thorax brown, very
thickly irrorated with white; abdomen gray-brown, irrorated with gray.
Fore wing dull brown, very thickly irrorated with white ; faint traces of
the antemedial line ; reniform indicated by a faint pale discoloration ;
postmedial line very faint, bent outwards below costa, excurved to vein 4,
then incurved, faint traces of the subterminal line, preceded by an oblique
straight pale shade from costa before apex to inner margin before tornus.
Hind wing brownish shaded, the veins darker, the marginal areas broadly
suffused with brown; the under side white, irrorated with brown, a
discoidal point and indistinct curved postmedial line.
4 .—Similar to the female. Anal tuft somewhat ochreous.
Eight specimens, Orizaba, Mexico (collection of Wm. Schaus).
Type, No. 11318, U.S. National Museum.
Allied to C. mutina, Schaus, with which it was confused in the
Schaus collection.
THIRD SUPPLEMENT TO THE “ CATALOGUE OF APHID.”
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, H. ISL.
In enumerating the synonyms of Chattophorus (CAN. ENT.
XXXVII, 1905, p. 417), I was able to give seven, of which, however,
five had been inaccessible to me. I amin no better plight now, except
that apparently accurate references to some of these are piven in a paper
by Ritsema (cf. A. M. N. H. (4), VI, 93, 1870). The following are
probably correct:
't PAyllophorus, Thornton, 1852, Proc. E. S. London,
N.S.,11,78...................,......,..... t. festudinatus.
lit Chelymorpha, Lane Clarke, 1858, Objects for the
Microscope .................,.... (London), p. ? t. pAyllophora.
‘The correct citation of AAizaphis (CAN. ENT, XXXVIII, 1906, p.
10) 1s apparently ‘ Planchon, 1867, C. R. Paris, xlvit, 588, t. vastatrtx.”
March, 1)ON
THE CaNabDlak ENTOMOLOGINT. f& 1
DR. DYAR’S CRITICISM OF * MOSOQUITO LIFE”
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Dr. Dyar’s criticism of ‘“ Mosquito Life” m the February number of
the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (it cannot possibly be called a review tbe
author informs me that no copy of the book was sent to Dr. Dyar) calls
for a reply, that the many false statements may be corrected. To define
my own position in the case, it may be stated that when Miss E. G.
Mitchell, the author, began work on the drawmgs for the Carnegie Mono-
graph, she was assigned a desk im Dr. Dyar’s office at the National
Myseum, and he was given general supervision of ber work. Instead of
giving her a specimen to draw, he handed her two travs containing about
35 slides of larval skins, bidding her compare them critically and ascertain
if more than one species was in the lot. How well she did ber work may
be gleaned from the first paragraph of an article in tbe Journal of the N.
Y. Ent. Soc., Vol XIII., p. 107, under the title “ Brief Notes on Mos-
quitoes,” by Harrison G. Dyar, A. M., Ph D. and which runs as foi-
lows:
“Distribution of Zheobaldia absobrinus, Feit —1In re-examining my
series of Zheobaldia incidens from British Columbia (Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Wash., VI, 38, 1904), I find it to contain a mixture of a second species
which I am able to identify with 7: absobrimus, Felt.”
Not one word in the entire article to indicate that the work had been
done by any other person than himself! The lady continued her work for
several weeks, then informed me that she would prefer to resign rather
than continue working under the unpleasant existing conditions. She was
therefore given desk-room in my office in the National Museum, where she
continued her work on the drawings under my general supervision, and so
Matters stood until the cessation of her work about a year later.
I will now take up the more flagrant of Dr. Dyar’s false saternents in
the order in which he gives them:
1. “In the title the species of the United States are said to be treated
of, but in reality, only those of the Atlantic cvast region are dealt with.”
Only a casual glance through the book is necessary to reveal the fact that
Franci¢anus, incidens, varipalpus, Currici, pullatus, Fletcheri, Spenceri,
etc., ail western or Pacific Coast forms, are dealt with.
__ 2. “ The illustrations show the effects of Mr. F. Knab’s expert artistic
Citicism. "6 Without wishing in the least to detract from Mr. Knab's ability
a critic of artist, I am in a position to know that he never saw any
the drawings of the adults, and an incident which he himself relet="
March, 1908
82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
me indicates that the author herself was the real critic. At her first visit to
his office, he showed her one of his wash-ink drawings of a larva. Although
she did not know the species, she told him that she was sure, from those
she did know, that he had omitted two hairs, indicating on the figure
where they ought to be. Mr. Knab vehemently denied the omission, protest-
ing that he had been extremely careful not to overlook a single hair. She
asked to see the specimen on which the figure was founded, and upon
examining it, the hairs were found, and Mr. Knab was manly enough to
acknowledge himself in the wrong !
3. “Mr. Coquillett only receives some, though inadequate, recogni-
tion, His name might have better assisted in gracing the title page.” By
this it is evidently intended to imply that I wrote part of ‘‘ Mosquito
Life.” Asa matter of fact, the MSS. of that book were written by Miss
Mitchell at her home in East Orange, N. J., and sent to the publishers
before she returned to Washington. I was in Washington all this time, as
the records of the Bureau of Entomology show, and neither wrote nor dic-
tated any part of the book.
4. “ À certain obtuseness of scientific conscience is, we think, re-
sponsible for this condition, and it has further led our author to publish
her work independently, although she was employed to assist in the publi-
cation of the much-delayed Carnegie Institution Monograph, and had in
her hands for study the material collected for that work.” She was not
employed to assist in the preparation of the fexf of the Monograph, and at
no time did she have in her hands the Carnegie material for study;
during all the time she was at work on the Monograph I had charge of the
adults, while Dr. Dyar had control of the early stages. All she was
employed to do was to make drawings of some of the early stages and
details of the same, besides copying in charcoal some of the line drawings
she had previously made for Dr. Dupree, and which he had generously
loaned her for that purpose. During the period when she was drawing
for the Monograph, she devoted her spare time to completing a series of
keys to the North American mosquitoes, begun in Louisiana, intending to
use them as a thesis for the degree of M. S. in the George Washington
University. No secret was made of this, and, as a student of the above
University and as a citizen, she had right of access to the study-collection
of the Museum. The chaotic condition of the larva collection at that time
caused her unwittingly to incorporate in the keys a few species belonging
to the Carnegie collection. ‘These species were not new at the time, and
Dr. Dyar’s keys containing all of these and many other species were pub-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83
_ + A > _—— - a = eee
a ee — — - ~ oe - _ ~ -
lished before the book was even written. However, even on this score, no
objection can possibly be applied to her book, since her keys were entirely
reconstructed from non-Carnegie material.
5. “ Her action in copyrighting drawings which she had been paid to
prepare for the Carnegie Institution Monograph is certainly indefensible.”
Not one of these drawings was published in ‘ Mosquito Life,” and as
Dr. Dupree had already given the Carnegie people permission to publish
such of them as were copied from his own, and the author was merely act-
ing in his place, the publication of the originals in ‘Mosquito Life” in no
way affected this permission.
The above is, I believe, sufficient to show the utter falsity of Dr.
Dyar’s charges. The writer regrets that, as a matter of justice as well as
of record, the occasion necessitates the preparation and publication of the
present reply. The author’s well-known scientific probity should have
precluded the possibility of any personal attack.
A FURTHER NOTE ON SYNELYS ENUCLEATA.
BY L. W. SWETT, MALDEN, MASS.
In the December Can. ENT., Vol. XXXIX, p. 412, Mr. Prout has
added some very interesting material to what I had found out. He
seemed puzzled about two things: first, why I thought the original
description or typical form was drawn up from one specimen. In the last
line of Gueneé’s description he says ‘(2 semblable)”; this Mr. Prout
must have overlooked, as he says it was drawn up from ‘6 examples,”
and the typical form was the one without blotches, but, as can be seen, it
was from one specimen that he drew the description, and Mr. Prout is
mistaken. Gueneé certainly knew all the forms, and the “6 examples ”
refers to the other two forms under variety A with blotches on both wings
and on the fore wings only. Secondly, Mr. Prout wonders why I believed
the form with blotches on both wings to be cxucleata. Well,
simply because I found them so labelled in Packard’s collection and
figured in the Monograph, and because I knew that Gueneé’s types were
known to Packard, and that they corresponded, I formed this conclusion.
I found on reading the description that the two did not agree, but
accepted Packard’s judgment in preference to my own in this case. I
have no doubt that Mr. Prout is correct, and shall accept his judgment
regarding my correction, as being in Europe with the Walker types and
March, 1908 |
84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
notes, he is better fitted to pass judgment than I, and I wish to thank him
for giving me further information on the subject. Packard, on the whole,
made very few mistakes, considering the great amount of work that he
did, but on difficult groups like Eois and Eupithecia, one wonders how he
could put so many different species under one name, on which I shall
comment at another time, and in the case of enucleata, this may have
been one of his errors.
NOTE ON THE BROWN CRYPTOLECHIA (CRYPTOLECHIA
QUERCICELLA, CLEMENS).
BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA.
On several occasions we have observed the leaves of Aspen Poplar
tied together by a small yellowish-green caterpillar, but it was not till
1907 that we succeeded in rearing the perfect insect and finding out its
name. On August 25th, 1906, I collected a number of these larvee on
Populus tremuloides in the Arboretum of the Central Experimental Farm,
and was rewarded on June roth, 1907, by finding that one of the moths
had emerged. Soon after that date Mr. W. D. Kearfott, of Montclair, N.
J., visited Ottawa, and on submitting the specimen to him, he identified it
as Cryptolechia quercicella, Clemens. My note taken on Aug. 25th, 1906,
reads as follows:
Larva, 12 mm. long. Head shining jet black, wedge-shaped,
roughened ; clypeus reaching about two-thirds to vertex ; mouth-parts
brownish. Body pale yellowish-green, with a pulsating dorsal vessel.
Thoracic shield blackish, brown in centre of dorsum. Tubercles indis-
tinct, sete pale. Spiracles round and black. Anal shield blackish.
Segment 11 has a few blotches of crimson above spiracles. Feet pale
brownish. The larva lives in a tent, which is made by sewing two or
three leaves together. These tents are conspicuous on the trees.
In Packard’s ‘ Forest Insects,” the Brown Cryptolechia is treated of
under Insects Injuring Oak Leaves, but Aspen Poplar ts also mentioned as
a food-plant. The description of the larva there given differs in some
respects from that given above of the specimens which I had under
observation.
ERRATA.—February number, page 53, last line of second paragraph,
for “presence ” read “absence”; page 54, oth line, for “female” read
‘¢ femora.”
March yf 90
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85
PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTFOMOLOGY.—No. 25.
OVIPOSITION OF EPIDEMIA EPIXANTHE.
BY J. H. COOK AND F. E. WATSON.
A desire to observe the larva of Zncisalia polios in the field, and to
secure a few for breeding, took us to Lakewood, N. J., toward the end of
the last week in June, 1907. For forty-eight hours we were compelled to
work under the disadvantages incident to a steady rain, succeeded by a
series of showers, mists and infrequent periods of half-hearted sunshine.
Though no butterflies appeared, such weather was—except for the discom-
fort entailed—the best possible for caterpillar hunting, and by evening of
the second day we had collected a number of îrus, niphon and polios,
sufficient to warrant us in turning our attention to something else.
A golden sunset gave promise of clearing skies on the morrow, and
in casting about for some butterfly problem which might profitably occupy
our time, we chanced to think of Æpidemia cpixanthe. It was as yet a
little too early to expect the species to be flying in numbers, and our
hopes of learning anything of its life-history were correspondingly moderate; —
nevertheless we made ready for a day’s work in the cranberry bogs.
July the first dawned cloudless and serene, and following the less
agreeable weather, it seemed doubly pleasant to see the land flooded with
light, and to feel the warmth of the morning sun on our hands and faces.
We set out betimes along a little-travelled road, which runs through the
negro quarter of the village, and on towards the coast. The sandy high-
way had dried during the night, and walking was slow and somewhat
fatiguing, though we made no pretence of haste, stopping occasionally to
gather a few frus caterpillars from the Baptisia,* or to look over the
small pines for #iphon. Further on the road was bordered on either side
by thickets of laurel, crowned with magnificent masses of pink and white
blossoms, and we paused to admire their luxuriance and beauty, and to
enjoy the rich fragrance with which the air was laden. Out in the open,
however, we plodded on in full realization that it was a typical, torrid,
glorious summer's day.
By reason of slow progress and numerous delays, we did not reach
the marsh for which we had headed until well on toward eleven o’clock ;
*Two weeks before we had discovered a female rus ovipositing on Bapttsia
tinctoria, and further investigation has led us to believe that this is the preferred,
if not the only, larval food-plant in New Jersey and for some distance southward.
Neither eggs nor larva were found on lupine (Lupinus perennis ) either at South
Lakewood or Newfoundland, N. J., though they were common enough on the
False Indigo wherever irus occurred.
March, 1908
86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
but at last the trees thinned on the left, and we crossed a bridge spanning
the stream which fed the bog.
The bog began near the road, and for a little distance was on one
side overgrown with thick shrubbery, and on the other by small scattering
junipers; below this it was clear, save for the cranberry vines, and foliowed
the broad, shallow trough of its sluggish stream until hidden by a turn to
the right.
We made for the quaggy ground and separated. Here and there
within the radius of vision flashed silvery-gray spots, which when approached
resolved themselves into epixanthe butterflies, members of a species which
for many a year had kept the details of its earlier life a profound secret.
Dr. Wm. Saunders had suggested Menyanthes trifoliata as the food of the
larva, but though the name had remained in mind the plant was not
among our vegetable acquaintances. Rumex verticillatus had also been
mentioned as a possibility by Scudder, apparently because Aypophleas
and ¢hoé fed upon plants of that genus. Cranberry, the most obvious
supposition (since ¢pixanthe is found only in cranberry bogs), seemed
almost out of the reckoning by reason of the repeated failure of those who
had sought the larva thereon. Still, failures are not conclusive evidence,
and to the cranberry we pinned most of our hopes and all of our females.
There were not many of these, though males were quite abundant, and at
noon we had but four under gauze.
It was nearly half-past one when the next female was sighted at the
edge of the juniper growth. After flitting about for a few minutes, she
hesitated above a clump of Sphagnum, and fluttered down into the tangle
of cranberry vines growing from the moss. Here flight was impossible,
and though her wings continued to vibrate rapidly, the motion was
evidently indulged in as a means of balancing, progress up and down the
young stalks being accomplished entirely with her legs. At length she
came to rest so deep among the vines that her position was made out with
difficulty ; with half-spread wings she remained for a moment motionless, :
then buzzed rapidly upward into the net-bag held to receive her.
The egg was soon discovered on the under surface of a new leaf of
Vaccinium macrocarpus (larger cranberry), about an inch from the end of
the branch. As far as we could judge, it did not differ in size, shape or
ornamentation from the egg of Chrysophanus thot, though direct com-
parison was imposssble at the time.
The female was confined over cranberry, and within three minutes
oviposited twice, ‘The eggs were placed as in the former instance, upon
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87
a eee ee
the under surface of leaves, near the apex of the new shoots, but the
branches selected were higher up on the plant, and quite above the
Sphagnum. Waving more confidence m results obtamed under natural
conditions, we removed the gauze and set the msect at liberty. She flew
but a few feet, then settled almost out of sight among the vines, and prac-
tically repeated her first performance. Thereupon the lady basely
violated the confidence reposed in her by flying for the trees, dodging
around one of them, and disappearing most mysteriously. Some time was
spent in an endeavour to pick up the lost trail, bat without success.
We did not remain at the bog long after this, but returned to
Lakewood with our four captive females, and immediately confined them
over cranberry arranged as naturally as possible, and put them in a sunny
window.
The next day was spent in a small swampy stretch along the railroad
track just south of the village. Æfixantfhe was quite abundant, and a
dozen or more females were observed, though no eggs were secured.
However, a pair were found i coify, and watched for eighteen minutes,
when they separated. They were easily taken, and the impregnated
female went to join her sisters in prison. We returned to the house about
two o'clock, and found one of the insects brought in the day before busily
ovipositing on the cranberry. This continued all the afternoon, even on
the train bearing us back to New York. Several eggs would be laid at
intervals of a few seconds ; then a period of rest would ensue, and again
a number of eggs. The last oviposition observed was at 5.30 p.m. The
other females taken on July first died without yielding ova.
The female taken just after coitus began to oviposit about ten o'clock
on the morning of July sth, and had extruded all of her eggs by four
o'clock in the afternoon. The ova were placed as follows :
Upper Under
surface, surface. Calyx.
9 No. 1, terminal leaf........ I 1 I
lower leaves........ 5 32
Total................ Lee eee cece sence 40
Upper Under
surface. surface.
Ÿ No. 2, lower leaves ......., 3 39
Total........ ...,...,................... 42
88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Nine leaves had received 2 eggs, six leaves held 3 each, and one
held 4 This placing of a second, third or fourth egg on the same leaf is
to be regarded as accidental, as is probably the position selected on the
flower. None of the eggs were placed more than three inches from the
end of the stem, and none were laid on the stem itself.
On the rath the junior author was at Lakehurst, N. J., and was
fortunate enough to again observe a 9 epixanthe ovipositing in nature
on the large cranberry. The act was performed in a manner similar to
that already described. Other females taken on the same date, when
confined in glass jars laid a few eggs, placing them in the ordinary position
on the under side of leaves within a short distance from the end of the
shoot.
We expected the eggs to hatch any day, but when July and August
passed without any sign from the hundred-odd examples, it became
‘evident that tle insects would winter in this stage.
It is not an easy matter to carry living eggs through the period of
hibernation under the most favourable circumstances, and despite such
precautions as have been taken, our total ignorance of the conditions
necessary to ensure the well-being of the tiny larvæ still within the shell,
may be responsible for the loss of the entire lot. We were, therefore, glad to
avail ourselves of the assistance of Mr. C. A. Frost. There is a bog about
a mile from his home, at South Framingham, Mass., in which he sought
for eggs on the cranberry vines, as we had found them, and met with
exceptional success. On October 5th we received twelve eggs collected
by him in two and a half hours. One of these was on a piece of dried
fern, but all others were in the usual position on the leaves. At our
suggestion Mr. Frost located more eggs, marking the plants so that it
would be possible to find them again in the spring. Under date of Oct.
27th, 1907, he wrote :
‘‘T have to-day located ten eggs on the bog, and marked them as you
explained to me. ‘They were all on leaves one inch or less from the top
of the stems. One was located where there was a growth of Sphagnum
moss, but it was as high as the rest All the eggs so far have been near
or on the edge of the bog; I have not looked very much toward the
centre.”
Should the eggs now hibernating under artificial conditions fail to.
hatch, we rely on those ‘ marked for future reference ” to give their larvæ
normally ; and with Mr. Frost’s able assistance we may be so fortunate as
to work out the rest of the life-history of this interesting species before
another egg-laying season arrives.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89
A NEW GALL ON ASTER.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO.
Early in October, 1907, I collected a quantity of Aster crassulus,
Rydberg, in Boulder, for the use of the biology class of the preparatory
school. A student, Milton Bergheim, observed that it carried galls, which
I had inexcusably overlooked. Once noticed, it was easy to find more ;
in fact, the plants swarmed with them. On opening them the flies were
found to be in the pupa stage, and .so were easily bred out a few days
‘later. The species is undescribed.
Cecidomyia crassulina, n. sp.
d —Length, 134 mm.; of wing, 134 mm.; middle legs a little over
3 mm.; head small, transverse diameter about 357 », eyes meeting on
vertex. Reddish-brown, the abdomen paler and grayer, the sides of the
thorax orange ; legs and antennæ pale gray-brown; halteres orange.
Antenne moniliform, with 19 (2+17) joints, these with whorls of hairs
about 204 » long. Wings very hairy ; hairs on lower margin about 170 pz
long; first vein (R,) about 1360 y long; second (R,,5) reaching tip of wing ;
third (cubitus) distinct only as far as the fork, which is almost exactly
half way between base and apex of wing. Claws strongly curved, simple.
Claspers with apical joint finger-like, strongly curved, obtuse, thickened
at end. |
Measurements of legs in p:
Anterior legs: femur, 1088 ; tibia, 1207.
Middle legs: femur, 1088; tibia, 1071; tarsal joints, (1) 85 ; (2)
867 ; (3) 374 3 (4) 204; (5) 102.
The antennæ are much like those of Dasyneura pseudacacie, except
as to the number of joints, but the venation is quite different, the second
longitudinal being curved and ending much lower down. The terminal
Joint of the claspers is something like that of C. sa/icés-batatas (Ckil.,
Entomologist, 1890, p. 278), but much more curved and thickened at
end. It is more like that of Dip/osis violicola, Coq. The flies emerged
October 11. |
The galls are sessile on the branches, often two placed side by side.
They are short-oval, about 7 mm. long, densely covered with white hair,
looking something like small green peaches,
March, 1908
‘90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
FOSSIL CHRYSOPIDÆ.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO.
Only six species of Chrysopidse (Lace-wing Flies) are known in the
fossil state. Two of these, from Europe, have only been vaguely reported
as Chrysopa sp.; the other four, named by Scudder, are all from the
Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado. It is even probable that the
Florissant species represent all that is known of extinct Chrysopide ;
because the two European forms, according to Scudder and Hagen, are of
an extremely dubious character, and very likely not Chrysopidz at all.
Scudder refers the Florissant species to two extinct genera, and it is
very interesting to find: that both of these belong to the Vothochrysa
section, with the third cubital cell divided longitudinally into two sub-
equal parts. The genus Vothochrysa, McLachlan, is to-day represented
in this country by a single species, M Californica, Banks, found in
California. Of the same section, but with the colours of C#rysopa, is the
genus A/lochrysa, Banks, with two or three species of the States bordering
the Atlantic. These forms seem to give way to-day to the dominant
Chrysopa ; but in Miocene times they evidently prospered, and it is likely
that Chrysopa had either not been evolved, or had not reached this
country. A specimen found by my wife at Station 14, Florissant, is refer-
able to Zribochrysa vetuscula, Scudder, and shows the apical half of the
wings, which was missing in Scudder’s type. It is evident from the more
complete material that this species cannot go in Zribochrysa (the type of
which is Z. ineguaéis, Scudd.), but allowing for the inaccuracy of Scudder’s
figure of Pal/eochrysa, as explained in the text (Tertiary Ins. N. Am. p.
167), I think it may fairly be referred to the latter genus, not without a
shadow of a suspicion that it is even conspecific with P. stricta, Scudd.
The following details supplement Scudder’s description :
Palaochrysa vetuscula (Scudder).
Anterior wing, 1314 mm. long ; veins dark, as in /Vothochrysa ; the
subcosta does not terminate on the margin, as Scudder describes for
Paleochrysa, but runs through the stigma, as in Mantispa,; 14 costal
cells, not counting a series of minute ones at the apical end; 10 cells
between media and radial sector, counting the two long basal ones; 20
cells between radial sector and radius (in Scudder’s figure of vefuscula the
first cross-nervure is omitted) ; 11 cells between media and cubitus, after
the dozble cell ; six branched nervures from cubitus to lower margin, all
in apical part of wing. The media has a direct course, without the bend
of Tribochrysa.
March, 1908
99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ee ee ee
A fine male specimen of Xylophilus (Emmelinus) Ashmeads, Csy.,
taken near Mobile, was also sent to me by Mr. Loding. The species was
described from Florida.
Nathicus virgine, Csy., is a pretty Anthicid recently sent me by
Mr. Loding, from near Mobile. The type was described from Fortress
Monroe, Va.
While collecting in the Sacramento Mountains, near Cloudcroft, N.
M., last June, I secured a number of specimens of an undescribed species
of Pselaphidz belonging to the genus Luplectus. They were found on
the inner surface of pine bark stripped from stumps. The specimens
are of the same colour as the inner bark, and are.difficult to detect when
collecting. I also secured a single specimen of an Actium, also unde-
scribed. It was found in a Scolytid burrow under pine bark.
A flowering shrub with long catkins of pink and white flowers near
Cloudcroft attracted hundreds of specimens of an Aleocharinid last June.
The species is near flatandria mormonica, Csy., but Maj. Casey
pronounces it a new species differing chiefly in sexual characters.
Hundreds of specimens could be taken by inserting the catkins carefully
in the cyanide bottle, when a slight shake would send the beetles to the
bottom of the jar. |
On three collecting trips to the Sacramento Mountains of N. M.
near Cloudcroft, previous to my trip of last June to the same region, I
had taken one or two specimens of that curious little Pselaphid recently
described by Mr. Charles Schæffer, of the Brooklyn Museum, as Fustiger
Knausii. The past season, however, I was more fortunate, and secured
a fine series of this rare species. They occurred in the nests of a rather
small, dark-coloured ant, of the genus Zasius, probably americanus,
although one or two were found in the nest of a similar coloured but
smaller ant. ‘These nests were on the summit, at an elevation of nine
thousand feet, and were found under stones. Only a small per cent. of
the ant colonies were inhabited by Fustiger. Occasionally one, more
often two, three or four, were found. My best catch was eighteen
specimens with one colony of Zasius. The light reddish colour and slow
movements of Fustiger allow them to be seen and taken easily. When
disturbed the colony of ants pays no attention to the beetles, but at once
begins to carry away the larvæ and pupæ. Only in one instance was an
ant seen to seize a Fustiger, On being captured it refused to release its
victim, was transferred to the cyanide bottle, and after death it was
necessary to sever the thorax of the Fustiger to release it from the
mandibles of the ant.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93
rr SL
NOTE ON GABRIOLA DYARI, TAYLOR.
BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, WELLINGTON, B. C.
This species was described by me! from a male specimen only, and
no females have yet been discovered.
Dr. Dyar, after examining the Hulst collection, expressed the opinion
that the single type of Vacophora minima, Hulst, in that collection was
conspecific with the male Dyari, and that therefore my species would fall.
Lately’ Mr. Grossbeck has expressed the same opinion.
A short time ago, however, I had the pleasure of seeing the type
specimen of V. minima myself, and noted some differences ; and subse-
quently on going through the fine collection in the U. S. National Museum,
I was pleased to find two male specimens which agreed exactly with my
note of minima, and showed clearly the validity of G. Dyari.
This species will therefore stand, and Hulst’s species, which is not a
Nacophora (as it lacks the tongue that should be present in that genus),
must be known as Gabriola minima.
The two males just mentioned are labelled respectively ‘‘ Arangie,
Idaho,” and ‘“ Glenwood Springs, Colo., Aug. 1-7,” agreeing in locality
with G. minima.
G. minima may be distinguished from G. Dyari by the very straight
intradiscal line, that line in Dyari being well rounded out, ‘I'he
prevailing tint in Dyari is a warm brown, while in minima it is dull gray,
and the white blotch at the anal angle of the fore wing, so conspicuous in
Dyari, is absent.
A REPLY TO DR. DYAR.
BY EVELYN GROESBEECK MITCHELL, WASHINGTON, D, (,
Ihave been deeply gratified at the many favourable reviews and coin
ments which my work, “ Mosquito Life,” has received, In 1h, Dyar'a
review, he not only seems unable to say anything against it, but, on tlie
other hand, to so admire it, that he has become possessed of the atianp
idea that he is actually the author of some portjon of it, since he anya Wat
he has to turn to the title page to ascertain whether or not it in tifa nu
This, as well as other deplorable notions, he has scen fit to nul fuit tn
Print. I shall endeavour to dissipate these vagaries in the ons in wi
he has expressed them :
1. CAN. ENT., XXXVI, 255.
2. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, 226.
- 3 Ent. News, XVIII, 151.
March, 1908
94 THE CANADIAK ENTOMOLOGIST.
um ee,
1. I have had no help whatever from Dr. Dyar in the preparation of
my book, or in that of my thesis, except in the one instance regarding the
latter, acknowledged below.
2. As for Mr. Coquillett, if Dr. Dyar intends to say that that gentle-
man wrote or dictated any portion of my book, Dr. Dyar is stating what
he knows to be an absolute untruth. The book was written at my home
in New Jersey, and Mr. Coquillett never saw it until I had everything
settled with the publishers. If I have not given sufficient credit to any
one, itis to Dr. H. A. Morgan, who, when I asked him exactly what part
he had taken in the work at Baton Rouge before I came, answered, with
his characteristic modesty, that he would prefer to remain unmentioned
rather than risk detracting in any way from the credit due Dr. Dupree. In
fact, one of the readers of the manuscript remarked that I gave more credit
than necessary.
3. If my book “reads like a second edition of Dr. Howard’s,” the lai-
ter would have to be entirely rewritten and largely extended. At present,
beyond treating of the same general subject, I fail to see any comparison
in plan, style or text. In fact, I purposely passed lightly over some sub-
jects, such as the experiments in Cuba, because they were fully enough
treated in Dr. Howard’s book, and said so (Mosquito Life, p. 105). I
have certainly credited him wherever I quote him and have referred to his
book as “admirable.” I found no necessity for quoting any biological notes
from Dr. Dyar, though I have quoted Mr. Knab. 1 do not agree with Dr.
Dyar’s systematic work, and devised my keys after my own plan. I adhere
to Mr. Coquiilett’s classification because I preferred to adopt one that is
sane, scientific and likely to remain permanent
4. I treated of the biology of all United States species so far as known
up to the time of my receiving galley proof.
Other species whose habits were unknown, I mentioned by name and
distribution. ‘The western species are mostly thus treated ; naturally, this
was unavoidable. Species founded on larve only, I purposely omitted.
5. There are no descriptions of larvæ in the text. There are a few
general references to superficial appearances, from which alone it would be
absolutely impossible to identify the larva with certainty. These references
may correspond to Dr. Dvyar's idea of a proper description, although they
are, as Should be plain to the reader, not so intended. Possibly he refers
to the keys. I submit here my *‘ description ” of pipiens, the common
house mosquito, as an example, for comparison with that which he gives of
the same species in his article on Culicid larvæ as independent organisms
(Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc., Dec.. 1906, p. 206). To ensure entire comparison,
I begin with his generic key. I do not need to quote from mine, as my
larva-table runs to specific and generic names combined :
THE CANADIAN
Dr. Dvar.—Generic Key.
Couplet 1. Mouth brush vibratile,
diffusely folded inward.
4. Air tube long [how long is a
~
piece of string? |, the hairs in scat-
tered tufts or absent, the antennz
usually with the tuft beyond the
middle away from a notch.
. Anal segment without hairs be-
fore the barred area.
. Lateral comb of the eighth seg-
ment of many scales in a trian-
gular patch.
SPECIFIC KEY.
. Antenne with the tufts out-
wardly placed, the part beyond
slender.
5. Air tubes four times as long as
wide or over.
7. Anal appendages 4, normal.
8. Air tube with 4 paired tufts
posteriorly outwardly, some-
times increased by additional
ones basally, the subapical one
moved laterad, out of line,
usually situated at the outer
third of the tube.
14. Air tube less than five times as
long as wide, the sides curved,
tapering rather rapidly after the
middle, subfusiform.
17. Air tube 5x1[N.B. The tube
seems to grow between 14 and
17!], pecten teeth about 15, sub-
dorsal hairs of abdominal seg-
ments 3 and 4 double.
ENTOMOLOGIST,
I.
9.
10.
I
om
17.
18.
19.
20.
22.
23.
24.
95
My Larva Key.
Tube well developed, tube-like.
Long thoracic tufts present.
Chitin of head not produced
laterally, postertor portion of
mandible never produced or visi-
ble from above.
Anal gills never three times as
long as tube, never with more
than four distinct constrictions.
. Mouth brushes of slender hairs,
directed forward. Antenne sit-
uated far forward.
Tube with more than two tufts.
Antennal tuft in notch and hav-
ing 10-30 hairs, usually over 15.
Pecten extending less than half
way up tube, not more than two
teeth separated.
Body and head with no notice-
able pilosity.
Scales of comb in more than
two rows. Tufts of tube not
plumose.
Antennal tuft beyond middle,
tube with tufts.
Group of hairs nearest meson
in thoracic row, one of three
long single hairs. Tufts of tube
mostly of two to four hairs.
Tufts on tube 4, the penulti-
mate one more laterad, tube
tapering decidedly on the last
half. Zerminal spines of antenne
not very long, not over one-half
length of antenne. Head tufts
not projecting much, tf at all,
beyond forward margin of head.
Tips of antenne and spines of
but slightly heavier chitin than
base of antenne.
96 THE UANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST.
The other “descriptions” will be found to vary quite as widely from
Dr. Dyar’s. Length, as compared to width of tube, appears to be one of
his favourite characters, and is absolutely undependable in skins, espe-
cially when such a close distinction as that between 5 x 1 and 4 x 1 must be
drawn. Against this I protest in my book, as also against a too extensive
use of another of his favourite characters, the number of comb scales (pp.
16 and 17). The italicised characters in my “description” he never uses.
I have made large use of the number of hairs in certain tufts on the head,
while he rarely notices the tufts at all.
6. Mr. Knab (who is certainly a fine artist) must have conveyed his
criticisms to me by telepathy, with the additional obstacle of our being
unaware of each other’s existence. All my drawings, save O. bimaculatus,
plate III, the mouth-parts of some of the Uranotenias and the egg of Z.
squamiger were made in Louisiana long before I came to Washington.
The exceptions mentioned were made in Washington from specimens sent
by Dr. Dupree for that purpose, save the d/macudatus, which I made in
pencil for a nature-study article from a specimen given me by Dr. Dupree,
’ who also gave me permission to publish as I pleased. I made a some-
what similar wash-drawing of this species for the Monograph. At no
time has Mr. Knab supervised or corrected my drawings.
| 7. I fail to see how I could have ‘absorbed a large amount of
information” from the Museum (not Carnegie) collection of larvze, on
which I was at first set to work.
I have worked on very few of the species belonging to the actual
Carnegie collection. Be it observed, that my work, outside the keys, is
wholly biological as contrasted with Dr. Dyar’s “systematic” work, and
could not possibly be derived from dead specimens. At no time have I
had access to any of Dr. Dyar’s or Mr. Knab’s notes, and I have never
even seen any except as they appeared in print.
8. As to the keys themselves. When I began drawing I had, as
stated in my Introduction, keys covering the Louisiana forms. I was
encouraged to extend these, and no objection was made to my using them
as a thesis, which I plainly said I expected to publish. When I wished
to do so, however, opposition was made on the ground that “everything in
the larva key outside the Louisiana species was Carnegie.” Now, some
had been collected in the District of Columbia and in New Jersey by
myself, some sent to me, and for the rest I had been careful to use only
what I was informed was the Museum study collection, to which, as a
George Washington University student, I had right of access, except in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97
the case of D. cancer and O. Mitchelle, which Dr. Dyar most magnani-
mously and generously loaned me for the purpose. I made acknowledg-
ment to the Museum in my thesis.
Five United States species out of 26 northern species (which include
my own material as mentioned above), proved to be Carnegie, and two
were doubtful. Some West India species proved to be thus classed, and I
have omitted all West India or other extralimital forms entirely. I was
informed that “if I reworked my keys from other specimens there would
be no objection,” but that “I might find some difficulty in so doing.” I
therefore went to the New Jersey and New York State collections, entirely
reworked and radically changed my keys, and had the advantage of better
series of specimens, also several species not found at all in the National
Museum collection, as well as those which were in the latter collections.
Please note, Dr. Dyar’s keys, including all the Museum and the Carnegie
species said to be in my keys, were published long before I began to
rework my keys; that J publish no new species at all, and “ describe ” no
larve not already published by Dr. Dyar or some one else. My only crime
seems to be that I have founded keys mainly on characters of which he
makes little or no use, and presume to differ from his ideas and evolve a
few of my own. This is the first time I am aware that I was supposed to
have any connection with the Monograph beyond drawing for it. Although
Dr. Dyar did occasionally request me to differentiate species when he
could not, I never made agreement to do such work. One would naturally
suppose that such work would be done by the “expert” himself. inasmuch
as he assumes the credit for it.
9. As for “redrawing figures after office hours,” I have already stated
where and when my figures were drawn. Further, Dr. Dupree neither sold
nor gave the drawings made for him to the Carnegie Institute, but merely
dent them, with the understanding that I should copy them for the Mono-
graph and be paid for my time. He reserved the right of first publication.
He never took a cent from the Institute, because he wished to publish in-
dependently. I have not copyrighted any drawings made for the Mono-
graph, only the originals made for Dr. Dupree from his specimens. ‘The
fact that drawings are copyrighted of which copies were made for the
Monograph does not hinder Dr. Dyar from the publication of these copies.
To be sure that it would not, I have plainly indicated in my Introduction
that I expected them to be published in the Monograph (p. XIX.). I have
no doubt that Dr. Dyar would have liked to prevent the publication of my
book, but evidently could not. He certainly knew that I was at work on
one, since I am told that the Duprees were requested, shortly after the
98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Doctor’s death, to turn over his notes for the Monograph and refused on
the ground that the material was already promised to me. Mrs. Dupree
wrote to me: “ In regard to getting out the book, I don’t think anybody
could do it as well as yourself.” Since Col. Boyd, President of the
Louisiana State University, and Prof. H. A. Morgan advised her to send —
the notes to me, I think there can be no question as to how I “ acquired ”
them.
I feel rather flattered at the comparison to Psorophora, since this
insect is large, beautiful, not a frequent nuisance, but an exterminator of
common and pestiferous ‘“Ædids.” However, I must admit that when it
bites, it bites hard.
I deeply regret the departure from facts upon Dr. Dyar’s part, which
has necessitated this reply. Since personalities are not science and have
no place in scientific publications, I have, although sometimes under great
provocation, hitherto passed over all personal attacks. This time I do
not see how I can honourably remain silent.
NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF KASLO, B. C., WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES.
BY GEO. W, TAYLOR, WELLINGTON, B. C.
(Continued from page 60.)
7. Sciagraphia purcellata, n. sp.—It is a dangerous proceeding, I
am afraid, in the present stage of our knowledge, to describe a new species
of Sctagraphia, but as I cannot find any published description to fit the
present form, and as it comes from a locality .possessing many peculiar
species, 1 have, after comparing it with long series of its nearest allies,
ventured to give to it a distinct name.
Mr. Cockle has shown me three specimens, which I have labelled as
types. They were all taken by him in the neighbourhood of Kaslo, and
are dated 7th July, ’o7 ; 3rd August, ’o2, and rsth August, ‘oi. The first
and last named, which are both females, are in my own cabinet, the other
one remains with Mr. Cockle.
Mr. Cockle tells me that a similar specimen taken much earlier in the
year was named for him at different times as S. nubiculatu, S. puncto-
linearia and S. subacuta (see Lep. Koot., p. 906), but I am of opinion
that all these determinations are erroneous, and that these names should
all be removed from our list. 5S. purce//ata may be described as follows :
Expanse, 25 mm.
March, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99
The ground colour of the wings and abdomen ts like that of S.
granitata, and I think that I should probably have passed over purcel/ata
as a small race of granitata but for the fact that the last named is a very
common insect at Kaslo, normally very large and dark, and not appearing
to ntergrade in any way with the species under discussion.
The head and collar in purcellata are tinged with ochreous, the
abdomen is grayish, with faint brown twin spots dorsally, and by this last
Character purce//ata can be distinguished readily from the species of the
heliothidata or californiata groups, all of which have the abdomen
Unspotted.
The fore wing is crossed by the usual three lines, but they are firmer
and less wavy than is usually the case in granitata; this is especially
holiceable in the extra-discal line.
| Beyond the extra-discal line is a broad and distinct dark shade, which
includes and obscures the dark blotch between veins 3 and 5.
"The dark shade is followed outwardly by a rather distinct white line.
The marginal line of blackish spots, generally so well marked in grani/ata,
is ha rdly visible.
. “The hind wing is heavily speckled with darker gray, and an irregular
line is traceable as in granitata. |
_ The discal spots on the fore wings are obsolete, and on the hind
Win gs are very small and faint.
Beneath, all the wings are speckled and mottled with ochreous, and
OD the fore wing there is a median line and an extra-discal band of the
$a <= colour, each bordered outwardly by a broken white line.
_ Qn the hind wings there are also two lines, median and submarginal,
quite distinct. The discal dots on all the wings are minute.
It will be seen that purcellata is most nearly alhed to granitata, but
I thea mk that the small size, the plainer and more regular markings, and the
they slight differences noted above, will serve to distinguish it.
. In order to make this paper more complete as a supplement to the
GeOmetrid portion of Dr. Dyar’s excellent “ Lepidoptera of the Kootenai
District of British Columbia ” (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 779-938,
192.4), I append a list of the corrections and alterations, which, after the
std y of more abundant material than Dr. I)yar possessed, 1 think should
Made in the nomenclature of the species noticed in that paper.
It must not be thought that all these are cases of misidentification on
© part of Dr. Dyar, for in many instances they are simply restorations
of Older names brought to light since the publication of his paper,
100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
LTephroclystis laguæaria, H. Sch., should be Æupithecia albicapitata,
Packard.
I. absinthiata, Clerck, should be Z. coagulata, Gueneé.
I. satyrata, Hubner, should be £. perfusca, Hulst.
Z. Jaricata, Freyer, should be Æ. perbrunneata, Taylor.
TZ. multistrigata, Hulst, should be Z. Dyarata, Taylor.
Eucymatoge grandis, Hulst, should be Eucymatoge Grefti, Hulst.
E. linariata, Fab., should be £. tenuata, Hulst
Venusia 12-lineata, Pack, should be Euchaca Pearsalli, Dyar.
ÆEustroma populata, Linn., should. be Eustroma propulsata, Walker.
Mesoleuca cesiata, D. and Schif., should pe Eutephria multivagata,
Hulst.
M. albolineata, Packard, equals M. silaceata, Hubner.
Hydrtomena teniata, Stephens, shuld be Ay. basaliata, Walker.
Triphosa progressata, Walker, should be 7. hasitata, Guendé.
Cosymbia lumenaria, Hubner, should be C. pendulinaria, Gueneé.
Æois rotundopennata, Pack., should be £. Hanhami, Hulst.
Synchlora rubrifrontaria, Pack., should be S. /iguoraria, Gueneé.
Aplodes rubrifrontaria, Pack., equals 4, Darwiniatn, Dyar, a good
species, var. Darwiniata.
Deilinia erythemaria, Gueneé, should be 2. pacificaria, Pack., a
good species, var. pastficaria, Pack.
Deilinia quadraria, Grote, should be Zxala desperaria, Hulst.
D. rectifascia, Hulst, equals D. fœminaria, Gueneé.
D. litaria (Dyar, not Hulst), equals 2. fa/cataria, Pack.
D. variolaria, Guenec, should be Déastictis Hulstiaria, Taylor.
Sympherta tripuuctaria, Pack., equals S. /orguinaria, Gueneé.
Nepytia umbrosarids-Wack. + should be Ænypia Packardata, Taylor.
Selidosema humarium, Gueneé, equals Cora emasculatum, Dyar, a
good species, var. emasculatum, Dyar.
Melanolophia canadaria, Guenec, equals A/e/. limitata, Walker, var.
subgenericata, Dyar.
Metrocampa pregrandaria, Guenec, should be 47. perlata, Gueneé.
Metanema textrinaria, Grote and Rob., equals AZ. guercivoraria,
Gueneé.
In the foregoing list, whenever the two words are connected by the
word eguals, it signifies that the first name is a synonym of the second.
When the expression ‘‘ should be” is used, it means that the first name
does not apply to the Kaslo species, but to a different insect.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101
THE MATING OF BOREUS CALIFORNICUS.
BY J. W. COCKLE, KASLO, B. C.
The habits of these insects, which are found travelling over snow in
winter, present many curious features, amongst them being the fact that
cold seems to have little effect on them. I have collected them on the
snow when the temperature showed several degrees of frost, but even at
this low temperature they would be capable of motion. They are usually
very lively when the temperature is just above freezing point, and when
the snow is deep in the woods and a slight thaw is commencing is the
most favourable time at which to go out collecting. This afternoon,
Jan. 26th, whilst travelling along a road through the timber, I picked up
several specimens, and transferred them to a box in the hope of shipping
them to Dr. Fletcher, who was desirous of seeing specimens of them alive,
Having secured several, on the way back home I noticed a specimen
which appeared to have something on its back, which, on closer observa-
tion, proved to be a pair in copulation; the day was cloudy, and the
temperature had held at just the freezing point all day, but at this time
achange was coming over the snow and a slight thaw was setting in. It
is probable that the temperature at the time I noticed them was below .
33 degrees. As I have collected large numbers of these insects, and this
was the first occasion that I had seen a pair together, I took occasion to
examine them closely. I had with me only a small pocket-lens with a
three-quarter-inch focus, and in order to observe them through this I was
compelled to lie down on the snow. Such a position, it can readily be
understood, was not particularly favourable for an extended study. The
female was riding on the back of the male, her front legs folded up in the
position of kneeling, the second pair resting on the back of the male,
whilst the much elongated third pair hung down below the abdomen of
the male ; the ovipositor was released from the sheath, which remained in
its normal position, whilst the ovipositor itself was thrust down perpen-
dicularly into the organs of the male. The male presented a very
extraordinary feature, the embryonic wings, which are curved at the tips,
were extended and hooked over the tibiæ of the kneeling female, thus
holding her in an upright position on the back when he moved about.
The fact of the wings being used as an aid in holding the female
during copulation, may be possible with other insects, but this is the first
Instance which has come under my observation where they have been put
tO such a use. |
My recumbent position in the snow being very unpleasant, 1 picked
Up the pair with my forceps, and transferred them to a box, but as they
immediately separated, further observations were suspended,
March, 1908
102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST:
NOTES ON NOCTUIDÆ.
Collected by Mrs. M. D. Nicholl, in Alberta, British Columbia, and the Wash-
ington Forest Reserve, in the years 1904-5-7.
BY SIR G. F. HAMPSON, BT., B.A., ETC., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENG.
The numbers given are those in Dyar’s Catalogue of N. American
Lepidoptera, and only the more local and interesting species are referred
to. The specimens are in the British Museum.
AGROTINÆ.
2407. Heltothis vaccinia, H. Edw.
B. C., 1905, Upper Skagit, 1 9. U.S. A., 1905, Robinson, 1 9;
Washington Forest Reserve, 1905; Washington Pass, 1 ¢, 1 9;
Horseshoe Pass, 1 9.
2405. Heliothis honesta, Grote.
B. C., 1905, Upper Keremeos, 1 & ; Pasayten, 1 4.
1767. Agrotiphila maculata, Smith.
Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 3 ¢’s, 2 9’s; 1905, Laggan, 1 ¢.
B. C., 1904, Lake O’Hara,1 9.
1764. Orosagrotis incognita, Smith.
Alberta, 1907, Brobokton Creek, 1 ©.
1560. Porosagrotis orthogonia, Morr.
Alberta, 1907, Prairie, 1 4.
1734. EHuxoa colata, Grote.
Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Peak, 1 ¢.
1732. Euxoa nordica, Smith.
Alberta, 1907, Kootenay Plains, 1 ©.
1431. ÆEpisilia littoratts, Pack.
Alberta, 1907, Kootenay Plains, 4 9?’s.
1417. Aplectoides speciosa, Hubn., var. arctica, Zeit.
Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 1 4.
Protagrotis Nicholle, n. sp.— Head, thorax and abdomen brown,
mixed with gray-white ; tarsi with slight pale rings. Fore wing fuscous-
brown, mixed with gray-white ; sub-basal line represented by slight dark
marks below costa and cell; antemedial line dark, defined by white on
inner side, erect, angled outwards in submedian fold and above inner
margin and inwards on vein 1 ; claviform slightly defined by blackish at
March, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103
extremity ; orbicular represented by some white scales ; reniform defined
by white on outer edge, otherwise undefined ; a very indistinct sinuous
dark medial line ; postmedial line indistinct, dark, slightly defined by
whaish on outer side, bent outwards below costa, then dentate, incurved
below vein 4, some white points beyond it on costa ; subterminal line
whitish, slightly defined by fuscous on inner side, waved, excurved below
vein 7, angled inwards in discal fold, and incurved below vein 3 ; a slight
dark terminal line ; cilia fuscous, intersected with whitish. Hind wing
grayish, nearly uniformly suffused with fuscous-brown; a slight dark
discoidal lunule ; cilia white, with a slight brown line through them ; the
under side whitish, irrorated with fuscous-brown, a slight discoidal lunule,
indistinct sinuous postmedial line and diffused subterminal line.
Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 3 2’s; Brobokton Creek, 1 9. B.C.,
1904, Simpson R., 1 ¢ type; Glacier,1 9. Expanse, 44 mm. In the
collection of Prof. J. B. Smith is a specimen from Washington, Mt. Ranier,
which, he informs me, is much brighter in colour.
HADENINÆ.
1936. Anarta impigens, Wik.
Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 2 ¢’s; Brobokton Creek, 2 ¢’s. B.
C.,1904, Simpson R., 1 ¢.
Anarta Staudingeri, Auriv.
Alberta, 1907, Brobokton Creek, 4 9’s.
1935. Anarta Richardsoni, Curt.
Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 1 4,2 9’s; Mt. Athabasca, 3 d's.
1931. Anarta melanopa, Thubg.
Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 2 9’s; Mt. Athabasca, 3 ¢’s, 6 9's;
Brobokton Creek, 3 ?’s. B. C., 1904, Okanagan, 2 ¢’s, 1 9; 1905,
Ashnola, 1 9. U.S. A., 1905, Washington Forest Reserve, Upper
Skagit, 3 g's, 1 9.
1915. Lasiestra phoca, Moschl.
Alberta, 1904, Lake Louise, 1 4, 1 93 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 3
Ÿ's; Sheep Mt., 1 9; Brobokton Creek, 1 ¢,1 9. B.C, 1904,
Kicking Horse Pass, Yoho Peak, 1 9; Mt. Assiniboine, 2 9’s; Lake
O'Hara, 1 9.
104 THE CANADIAN £NTOMOLOGtST.
1910. Lasiestra uniformis, Smith.
B. C., 1904, Mt. Assiniboine, 1 ©.
Lastonycta Raintert, Smith.
B. C., 1904, Kicking Horse Pass, Yoho Valley, 1 4. «
1998. Miselia ingravis, Smith.
Alberta, Wilcox Pass, 1 9. B. C., 1907, Vancouver I., Cowichan
Lake, 1 4.
Miselia carbonifera, n. sp.—Q. Head, thorax and abdomen
fuscous-black, mixed with some gray ; frons with black bar above ; tarsi
slightly ringed with white. Fore wing fuscous-black, irrorated with gray ;
sub-basal line represented by diffused black striæ from costa and cell ;
antemedial line slight, black, somewhat sinuous and oblique ; claviform
small, defined by black ; orbicular slightly defined by black and irrorated
with whitish, irregularly rounded ; reniform indistinctly defined by black,
its annulus represented by a white line on outer side, curved inwards at
lower angle of cell ; postmedial line very indistinct, black, defined on outer
side by some white scales towards costa, bent outwards below costa, then
dentate, excurved to vein 4, then incurved, some white points beyond it
on costa; subterminal line represented by some white scales defined on
inner side by black lunules, slightly excurved below vein 7 and angled
outwards at veins 4 and 3; a terminal series of slight black lunules ; cilia
intersected by whitish at the veins. Hing wing fuscous-black, mixed with
gray ; a fine black terminal line; cilia whitish, mixed with black ; the
under side with faint blackish discoidal spot and indistinct diffused curved
postmedial line. °
Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 2 2 type. Expanse, 50 mm.
There is a worn female of a closely-allied unnamed species in the
British Museum from N. Siberia, Yerkhoiansk, it appears to be most
nearly related to AZ. mystica, Smith.
CUCULLIAN.
Eumichtis maida, Dyar.
B. C., 1904, Glacier, 1 9.
Sympistis Zetterstedti, Staud.
Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 1 4. B. C., 1904, Kicking Horse
Pass, Yoho Valley, 1 9.
The specimen recorded as S. /apponica in Cat. Lep. Phal., VI, p. 416,
belongs to this form.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105
Var. labradoris, Staud.
Alberta, 1904, Lake Louise, 1 4,1 93 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 1 à,
1 9; Wilcox Peak, 1 g. B. C., 1904, Lake O’Hara, 1 &, 1 9; Mt.
Assiniboine, 1 ¢.
Sympistis coclet, Dyar.
Alberta, 1907, Brobokton Creek, 1 9.
Closely allied to SS. Sunesta, Payk., and not a Homohadena.
| ACRONYCTINÆ.
2260. Calamia tranqutla, Grote, var. viridula.
U. S. A., Washington Forest Reserve, 1905, Early Winter Creek, 19.
2423. Eutrichopis nexilis, Mort.
B. C., 1904, Lake O’Hara, 1 ¢; 1907, Sheep Mt, 1 9. U.S.A.,
Washington Forest Reserve ; 1905, Washington Pass, 1 9.
CATOCALINÆ.
2761. Drasteria annexa, H. Edw.
Alberta, 1904, Banff, 1 9.
2755. Drasteria crassiuscula, Haw.
B. C., 1904, Greenwood, 1 4, 1 9; I. Okanagan, Penticton, 2 ?’s,
1905, 1 d; Ashnola, 2 ¢’s, 2 9’s; Up. Keremeos, 1 9.
PLUSIAN®.
2492. Plusia Californica, Speyer.
Alberta, 1907, Bear Creek, 1 9. B.C., 1905, Ashnola, 3 ?’s.
2526. Plusia speciosa, Ottoleng.
B. C., 1905, Pass D. Hope, 2 ¢’s. Identified by Dr. Ottolengui.
2502. Plusta octoscripta, Grote.
B. C., 1905, Pass D. Hope, 1 9. U.S. A., Washington Forest
Reserve, Early Winter Creek, 2 2's.
2512. Plusia angulidens, Smith.
U. S. A., Washington Forest Reserve, 1905, State Creek, 1 ¢.
Plusia orophila, n. sp.—Head and thorax blue-gray, mixed with
some brown and black ; palpi mostly black ; tegulæ with diffused black
medial line ; tarsi black, ringed with white ; abdomen gray, tinged with
reddish-brown. Fore wing blue-gray, slightly irrorated with black, the
terminal area tinged with reddish-brown ; sub-basal line black, slightly
defined by white on outer side, excurved below costa and ending at vein 1;
106 THE OANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
antemedial line obsolete on costal half, white, nearly straight and oblique
from median nervure to inner margin ; medial area black-brown from cell
to inner margin ; claviform absent ; orbicular with faint whitish annulus,
with gray centre, slightly defined by black above, round ; reniform with
whitish annulus, its inner edge straight and oblique, defined on each side
by black, its outer concave at middle with some black in upper part and
beyond middle ; a U-shaped silvery-white mark filled in with gray below
median nervure, its inner arm bent inwards ; postmedial line double, filled
in with whitish, slightly excurved below costa, oblique to vein 5, then
slightly incurved ; subterminal line absent ; a terminal series of slight,
black lunules, defined on inner side by gray lunules; cilia gray, mixed
with brown and with series of blackish spots. Hind wing orange-yellow ;
some brown suffusion at base ; a slight discoidal striga ; the terminal area
‘black-brown, narrowing to tornus ; cilia chequered brown and whité¢, and
with brown line through them ; the under side with the costal area slightly
irrorated with brown, traces of a curved postmedial line.
Alberta, 1907, Brobokton Creek, 6 ¢,2 $ type. U.S. A., Wash-
ington Forest Reserve, 1907, Early Winter Creek, 1 ¢. Expanse,
34-40 mm.
A specimen of this species was identified by Dr. Ottolengui as 2
diasema, Boisd.; this, however, which 1s found in N. Europe and Asia, and
in America, from Greenland to Labrador, has the head, thorax and fore
wing much more strongly tinged with red-brown, the last with the ante-
medial line excurved below the cell, the stigma more V-shaped, with a
slight tail or point beyond its lower extremity ; the hind wing with the
terminal area reddish-brown. The record from Colorado probably refers
to the new species.
2528. Plusia saccent, Grote.
Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 1 6.
2532. Plusia parilis, Hübn.
Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 6 ¢’s; Wilcox Pass, 1 ¢.
2535. Plusia alticola, Wik.
Alberta, Mt. Assiniboine, 1 9; 1907, Wilcox Pass, 2 ¢’s; Brobokton
Creek, 1 4; Brazeau Creek, 1 9. B. C., 1904, Kicking Horse Pass,
Hector, 1 4.
The type was taken by Lord Derby in the Canadian Rockies in 1845,
and is quite distinct from the European devergens, Hübn. The record
from Colorado probably refers to this species.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 107
NOCTUINE.
2782. Syneda divergens, Behr.
B. C., 1905, Ashnola, 14,1 9.
2781. Syneda graphica, Hiibn.
B. C., 1904, Up. Kerameos, 1 ¢; 1905, 1 ¢; Ashnola, 1 9.
2783. Syneda patricola, Wik.
Alberta, 1904, Banff, 1 ¢; Laggan, 1 9. B. C., 1904, Greenwood,
1 9; Kaslo, 1 9; Up. Kerameos, 1 9.
2800. Syneda athabasca, Neum.
Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 3 ¢’s; Wilcox Pass, 2 ¢'s, 1 9.
2799. Syneda hudsonica, Grote and Rob.
Alberta, 1904, Banff, 1 ¢; 1905, 1 9; 1907, Kootenay Plains, 1 4.
B. C., 1904, Kaslo, 2 ¢’s; Greenwood, 1 4 ; Okanagan, 2 ¢’s, 1 9 ; 1905,
Ashnola, 4 d's.
2788. Syneda ochracea, Behr.
B. C., 1904, L. Okanagan, Penticton, 1 ¢@; 1905, Up. Kerameos,
r 9.
A NEW LEPIDOPTEROUS GALL-PRODUCER.
BY A. COSENS, M.A., TORONTO.
Stagmatophora ceanothiellu, n. sp.—This small moth produces galls
on Ceanothus Americanus, L.; these abnormal growths are found com-
monly on a main stem, but rarely on a branch. The flower cluster is
sometimes entirely aborted, but usually only partly so, the lower pedicels
in the cluster remaining normal.
In the majority of cases the gall is terminal, but in a few instances
the stem was found to project a short distance beyond it. The gall has
the relatively simple structure of a spindle-shaped enlargement of the stem,
In length it varies from 10 to 15 mm., and in greatest width from 5 to 8
mm. It is roughened on the outside by the stumps of the aborted
branches. On account of the shortening of the stem axis and the conse-
quent crowding of the nodes, these branches are more numerous on a gall
than on a corresponding length of normal stem. . This gives the gall a
gnarled surface and forms a strongly-protected case for the larva. The
gall in some cases is surmounted by a tuft of leaves growing from its apex.
The aperture through which the moth escapes from the gall is made
always near the upper end.
March, 1908
108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
——__ 2 — — — —
The insect passes the winter in the larval condition. Galls examined
in December were lined with silk, which, no doubt, was a protective
measure against cold and moisture.
The dates of emergence of specimens from galls collected are the
following: June 23, 1907, five specimens ; June 24, ten ; June 25, six ;
June 26, five; June 27, two, and June 30, three.
Larva.—Length, 6-8 mm. Head black, the rest of the body light
yellow, except the dorsal part of the first segment. This bears a pair of
light brown, somewhat triangular-shaped, spots. The base of the triangle
is slightly indented. Four rows of very short hairs run the whole length
of the body, two of these rows are dorsal and two lateral. The rows are
composed of from 4 to 6 hairs on each segment.
_Pupa.—Length, 4-5 mm. Light brown in colour.
Imago.—®,4. Expands 10-12 mm. Head: Colour dark brown,
with a bright bronzed lustre, which imparts a greenish tint. The basal
joints of the antennæ are relatively long and much enlarged at the distal
end.
Thorax: The dorsal surface presents the same lustrous bronzed
appearance as the head, but the ventral surface is somewhat paler in
colour and with a less brilliant lustre. The legs present the same colour
as the dorsal aspect of the thorax, but the lustre is less brilliant on the
inner surface.
The fore wings show the lustrous bronzed-green of the body with
less brilliancy below. They are fringed along the inner and the outer
margins. The fringe is light brown in cnlour, darkening towards the
outer margins of the wings. It entirely lacks the lustre of the remainder
of the wings.
The hind wings are plume-like, as all the margins of the wings carry
the light brown fringe, which becomes darker on the outer margin. The
axis of the wing is of a lighter brown colour than the fringe, and presents
in some cases a silvery lustre.
Abdomen: Coloured like the thorax, but the tints are decidedly
lighter and the lustre slightly silvery. |
I am indebted to Mr. Augustus Busck, of the Smithsonian Institution,
who has supplied me with the generic relations of the form. He states
that it is somewhat aberrant in the genus Sfagmatophora, as veins 5, 6
and 8 are all from one stalk in the fore wings.
Mailed March 6th, 1908.
‘EXCHANGES.
Subscribers are invited to mate siteral ue cf this column. “Wotices over three lines
are liabie to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to suëscriters.
ome ———— —-— — —— — — — — — —— 86 ee
WANTED. -Cerambycidic. Cicindelidie and other Coleoptera in exchange for
same from this locality. Bound Vol. 1, Trans, Am. Ent. Soc., 18607 8, to exchange
for Horn's Monograph of the Tenebrionidie.—C. \. Frost, 40 Grant St., South
Framingham, Mass.
MALACOSOUA DiIssrRit. > Egys wanted for experimental purposes by J. W.
H, Harrison, Si Abingdon Road, Middlesbrough, England.
WANTED.—- Experienced men for insectary and field work, engagement to
last from five to seven months, longer if applicant can teach. Write, statings
experience, to FLL. Wasinursn, State Experiment Station, St. Anthony Park,
Minn.
INDIAN INSECTS in all orders. Fine specimens of P. mayo, Kal. albofasciata,
Hestia cadelli, ete., from Andaman IS and T. imperialis, À. camadera,
Phylliums, Phasmids and Live Coceons from Darjecling and Assam. Write for
prices 10 A. MEK, 4 Convent Rd, Entally, Calcutta.
Dytiscip.£k. Canadian examples wanted. Will gladly name material in this
family and Haliplidze. and cian offer good exchange. -CHRIS. HH. RORERTS, 10
Washington Place, New York.
HEPIALUS THULE to exchange for other rare Ne uM. Hepialidi not in my
collection. + DT. FE Lyman, 7a McTavish Street, Montreal, Canada.
COLEOPIER\. | Many papers by LeConte, Horn, Fall and others to exchange
for Buprestidie and Cerambyecidie. List on application. G. CHAGNON, P.O.
box 186, Montreal, Canadas.
HYMENOPTERA AND Correrrera, both European and Exotic, offered in
exchange for Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Decapod Crustaceans of Canada
and the United States. A. DUC HAUSSOY, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine Inferieure,
France.
HomorikrRa. D would be vlad te get material in the Noctuid genus
Homoptera and its allies from al parts of the country for study in the preparation
of a revision of this series. ENS name and return specimens promptly, for the
privilege of retaining such as may be needed in completing the work. JOHN BK,
SMITH, New Brunswick, New Jerses.
LEPIDOPTERA. Living pape of Cecropia, Promethea, P. achemon and H.
earviv à abo Lepidoptera and ‘ eleoptera in paper, to exchange for good U.S,
or Canadian specimens. A, TT. REYNOLDS, Gardiner, Maine.
COLEOPTERA, About en species of LS, Coeontera, and also many
from Menies sn Guatemaias fer exchange. Wil gne a set of Callichroma
melanchoienn for à spécimen ot Monobammus marmerater. DR. Geo W,.
Boeck, ons Allen Veo Sto Lens, Mo.
GOOM De Wanted se ced or unnamed. Wii bus or exchange. Write
first. Desire materiins marlon ary from the NW. Arizona, New Mexico, N.
» Pesascard bia. We th BRO DWEEE. 200 Plane St Newark, Ne J.
Parte ee) Ra DT ba tre née bred specimens of P. paipema, nitela,
nebris, Mead... Cdtaphrac- toto, aur tiidendns, Nemagria oblonga, and
Achatodes ses. would che specimen. er sacue genera. ob. ER. MOESER, 238
Ciuilford St.. Bitte, N.Y.
COCOINEI ER Ob. Forrest Cheptrociveartsn, Neptteuke and Lithocolletis of
the world desueedl ter castr oo: ovchanwe, DR. Crk, SCHRODER, Schwabise he-
Strasse 10, Berlin Wyo je. Grermiany.
CT i atl
he Lanadian Jntomalogist,
Rs ee eee ee rr a cr
Vou. XL. LONDON, APRIL, 1908. No. 4.
LIST OF HEMIPTERA TAKEN BY W. J. PALMER, ABOUT
QUINZE LAKE, P. QUE, IN 1907.
BY E. P. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y.
Once more I am indebted to Mr. W. J. Palmer, of Buffalo, for a very
interesting series of Hemiptera, taken by him in August, 1907, on a vaca-
tion trip from Lake Temagami, Ont., to Quinze Lake, P. Q, and along
the Ottawa River and its lakes to Barrier Lake. This collection is much
more extensive than that made by him in 1906, notes on which were pub-
lished by me in the Canapian ENToMOLOoGistT for December, 1906.
Among the 116 species taken in 1907, were several of unusual interest,
such as Corythuca incurva, Uhler ; Meoborus Palmeri, Reuter ; W. commis-
suralis, Reuter; Ceresa Palmeri, Van Duzee; Aphrophora Signoreti,
Fitch ; Platymetopius obscurus, Osborn; Zhamnotettix flavovirens, G.&
B., and Cicadula lineatifrouns, Stal.
Of the three new forms taken by Mr. Palmer on this trip, the descrip-
tions of two Capsids: Meoborus Palmeri and commissuralis are by Dr. O.
M. Reuter, of Abo, Finland, and will also appear (in Latin) in a paper
about to be publis shed, entitled, ‘‘ Bemerkungen uber nord amerikanis-
chen Capsiden ” in Ofversigt af Finska Vetens. K. Soc. Forhandl., 1908.
PENTATOMIDE.
Homamus enetfrons, Say.—This boreal species was taken in abund-
ance at allstations. I have found it common in the Adirondacks, but it is
rarely taken in the level country about Buffalo.
Eurygaster alternatus, Say.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake, Lake Te-
magami, and elsewhere. A common and widely-distributed form.
Euschistus tristigmus, Say.—Several specimens of the northern form,
with obtuse humeri, were captured on Bear Island, Lake Temagami.
Cosmopepla carnifex, Fabr.—TVaken along Barrier River, and at
other points in the Ottawa River water-shed.
Clinocoris lateralis, Say.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake and Barrier
River, several examples. Formerly placed in genus -feantjosoma.
Podisus modestus, Dallas. ‘Taken at Klauck’s, and at Temiskamin-
gue P. O, both in the Ottawa district.
110 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUOIST.
COREIDÆ.
Protenor Belfragei, Hagl.—Taken at Temiskamingue P.O. It has
been redescribed as Zetrahinus Quebecensis by Provancher.
Megalotomus 5-spinosus, Say.—Bear Island, Lake Temagami. ‘Two
examples.
Alydus eurinus, Say.—Taken with the preceding, and at Temiskam-
ingue Post Office.
Alydus conspersus, Montd.—Taken with the foregoing. It may best
be distinguished by the dotted membrane.
Corisus crassicornis, Linn.—Taken at all stations along the Ottawa
River, and at Temagami. This is the species I have heretofore deter-
mined, I believe correctly, as soyvæboracensis, Sign. I am indebted to Dr.
Horvath for its identification with the common European species. |
LYGAEIDÆ.
Ortholomus longiceps, Stal. Taken at Bear Island, Lake Temagami.
I now use this name for our northern form, which was included by Dr.
Uhler in his description of ysius providus, and which, it seems to me,
includes both this species and Jamaicensis, Dallas. Genus Ortholomus
may be distinguished from Vyséus by the rectilinear costal margin of the
elytra.
Nysius thymt, Wolf.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake. On the occasion
of his recent visit to Buffalo, Dr. Horvath set aside in my collection as
thymi the ysius taken by me at Lake Placid, N. Y., and listed as angus-
fatus in my “ List of the Hemiptera taken in the Adirondacks.” The
present specimen taken by Mr. Palmer is a little larger and paler, and may
be the true angustatus if that species really be distinct from fhymi, which
I doubt.
Ischnorhynchus resede, Panz.—Temagami, one example.
Cymus claviculus, Hahn.—Lake Temiskamingue, two examples.
Ligyrocoris diffusus, Uhler.—Taken at all stations, and apparently as
abundant as in Western New York. ‘This is the species formerly listed as
sylvestris, Linn. The latter, if a Ligyrocoris at all, is confractus, Say, and
not diffusus.
Ligyrocoris contractus, Say.—Like the last, this species was taken at
all stations where Mr. Palmer collected. It is rare about Buffalo, but be-
comes abundant further north.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 111
TINGIDA. .
Corythuca incurva, Uhler.—Temagami Lake, Temiskamingue, and
Barrier River. I have carefuliy compared these specimens with an
example determined by Dr. Uhler, and find them certainly identical.
They seem to be sufficiently distinct from the smaller specimens of jug-
Jandis taken in Western New York and elsewhere.
REDUVIIDÆ.
Sinea diadema, Fabr.—One example taken at Klauck’s. Mr. Palmer
reports this as the only specimen seen by him.
Redtviolus ferus, Linn.—Temiskamingue and Nigger Point, Quinze
Lake. This is an imported species that follows cultivation into every
portion of North America. Here it seems to have followed up the Ottawa
River almost in advance of civilization.
Reduviolus vicarius, Reut.—Taken in numbers along Quinze Lake.
This is the species so determined in my list of Lake Placid Hemiptera,
and list of the Hemiptera taken by Mr. Palmer at Lake Temagami. I
sent specimens to Dr. Reuter, and he writes me that it is not the true
vicarius, but a species very near /imbatus, Dahlb. The latter species
was, however, described as very close to /imbafus ; so, if the present
species be not vicartus, it must be very near it. It seems to be boreal in
distribution. I now follow the European entomologists in using the name
Reduviolus for this genus in place of Cortscus, Schrank.
Reduviolus propinguus, Reut.—Quinze Lake, one example.
CAPSIDA.
Airis dolobratus, Linn.—-Taken at Temiskamingue only. This spe-
cies is now placed in genus Airis, of which it is the type. Formerly
listed as a Leptopterna.
Stenodema trispinosa, Reut.— White Rapids, Barrier River and Tem-
iskamingue. This is the North American form, formerly determined as
Brachytropis calcarator, Fall. Dr. Reuter now considers our American
form as a distinct species, and has so published it. Brachytropis is placed
as asynonym of Stenodema, formerly called AZiris.
Stenodema affinis, Reut.—Apparently common everywhere Mr. Palmer
collected. Mr. Kirkaldy gives the name éustadi/is, Uhler, priority, quot-
ing Dr. Uhler’s reference to Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 104, but
as a matter of fact the species was not included in that paper. Its first
publication was in the Bul. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv., vol. II, No. 5, p. 316,
1876, and, consequently, was subsequent to Reuter’s afinis, which appeared
in 1875.
112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Trigonotylus ruficornis, Fall._—Two examples from Nigger Point,
Quinze Lake.
_ Collaria Meilleuri, Prov.—Barrier River and Temiskamingue.
Resthenta insignis, Say.—At Barrier River Mr. Palmer took two
examples of this species that were entirely black, except a touch of rufous
on the collar and lateral submargins of the pronotum. I have taken it at
Hamburg and Gowanda, N. Y., and have seen others from Idaho and
Winnipeg. It seems to be northern in distribution.
Monolocoris filicis, Linn.—Temagami and Quinze Lake.
Neoborus amoenus, Uh].; var. Palmeri, n. var., Reuter.—Pale livid,
eyes castaneous, clypeus piceous toward its apex; vitta below the base of
the antennæ ferruginous, two vittæ on either side of the pronotum nigro-
piceous, the exterior submarginal, not attaining the base, interior extend-
ing from the exterior angle of the collum to the base of the pronotum ;
corium with a slender vitta along the apical one-half of the cubital vein and
a line within the basal margin of the membrane nigro-piceous ; apex of the
second joint of the antenne and the two ultimate joints black, third pale
at base. Female.—Klauck’s, one example. A very pretty and distinct
species. |
Neoborus (Xenoborus, n. subg.) commissuralis, n. sp., Reuter.—Ob-
long. Differs from 4 amoenus, Uhl. (saxeus, Uhl, not of Dist.), in
having the rostrum somewhat shorter, the costal margin of the hemelytra
less rounded, and especially in having the sides of the pronotum not at all
calloused ; pale yellowish-white, smooth and polished, antenna, eyes,
claval commissure slenderly, and the extreme apex of the rostrum and the
tarsi black ; head about two-fifths narrower than the base of the pronotum,
viewed from, before a little shorter than its basal width with the eyes;
viewed from the side the cheeks in both sexes as high as the eyes; vertex
slenderly margined; in the male about three-fourths, in the female two to
two and a-half times broader than the eyes ; rostrum attaining the apex of
the mesosternum ; antenne slender, first joint in the male as long as the
head viewed from before; in the female a little shorter, second joint in
the female twice longer than the first and a little longer than the basal
width of the pronotum ; in the male distinctly longer ; pronotum about
one-fifth shorter than its basal width, sides nearly straight, callosities
moderately elevated, concolorous, in the middle somewhat indistinct, disk
on either side quite densely and strongly rugose-punctate ; hemelytra long
surpassing the abdomen, obsoletely punctate, membrane whitish-hyaline,
113’
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Veins pale, brachial vein towards its apex and a longitudinal vitta within
the apex of the areole fuscous. Male and female. Length 7, width 2 mm.
Kiauck’s four specimens taken with the preceding. This is the species
found at Island Lake last year by Mr. Palmer, and listed by me as
Neodorus, sp. I took it at Lake Placid, and have seen others from Mon-
“real taken by Mr. Beaulieu. |
Foeclocapsus lineatus, Kabr.—Apparently common at all places along
the Ottawa River.
Camptobrochis grandis, Uhler.—Temagami, Temiskamingue and Nig-
ger Joint on Quinze Lake.
Lygus pratensis, Linn.—Abundant everywhere, with its variety favo-
Nol cw dus, Prov.
_Lygus invitus, Say.— Klauck’s, on Quinze Lake.
Lygus monachus, Uhler.—One example from Barrier River.
Lygus pabulinus, Linn.— White Rapids, one example. ©
Adelphocoris rapidus, Say.—Apparently abundant at all stations
Dr. ‘Reuter has separated this species and its allies from Ca/ocoris.
Neurocolpus nubilus, Say.—Temagami, one example.
Compsocerocoris annulicornis, Reut.—Barrier River.
Phytocoris pallidicornis, Reut.—Taken in numbers at all stations.
Phytocoris extrius, Reut.—Bear Island, Lake Temagami.
Lopidéea marginata, Uhler.—This species seems to have been com-
mOwn, as Mr. Palmer brought home numbers from Temagami, Barrier
River and White Rapids. :
| Stiphrosoma stygica, Say.—Temagemi, Barrier River and Temiskam-
M£tre, These agree with material from the mountains of Colorado in
being a little smaller than those taken about Buffalo.
Dicyphus agilis, Uhler.—Temiskamingue and Nigger Point, Quinze
Lk €.
Hyaliodes vitripennis, Say.—Mr. Palmer brought home from Barrier
River one example of the dark form that, about Buffalo, is found on oak.
Cyrtorrhinus marginatus, Uhler.—Taken at Barrier River.
Orthotylus, sp.—Quinze Lake, one example.
Oncotylus chlorionis, Say.—Temiskamingue, one example.
Plagiognathus obscurus, Uhler.—Abundant at all stations.
Plagiognathus sp.—One example of a small species, with a vittate
‘A Kellum, was taken at Temiskamingue.
GERRIDÆ.
Gerris remigis, Say.—One brachypterous example was taken at
Quinze Lake.
114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
HOMOPTERA.
FULGORIDA.
Cixius stigmatus, Say.—Taken in numbers at Nigger Point, Quinze
Lake, Temiskamingue, and about Lake Temagami. |
Liburnia pellucida, Fabr.—One macropterous male taken at Quinze
Lake.
_ Liburnia sp.—Three brachypterous females from Quinze Lake.
MEMBRACID&.
Ceresa basalis, Walker.—This species was taken in large numbers,
and shows a wide range in colour variation. The pale females are almost
entirely green or fulvous when dry, while the darker males are deep
piceous black marked, with pale only on the anterior margins of the head,
base of the elytra, tibiæ and tarsi. The pale colour first shows on the
summit of the metapodium, and the last black colouring to disappear is
the line below the suprahumeral horns and the banding on the femora.
Ceresa turbida, Goding, is certainly a synonym of this, his material being
of the paler form found in the Northern States. I have received this same
species from the Saskatchewan, and from the Selkirk Mountains in British
Columbia.
Ceresa Palmeri, n. sp.—Closely allied to dorealis and constans.
Smaller, more slender, and less strongly coloured than constans. Clypeus
broad, with the tylus strongly produced. Front of the pronotum rather
low,* vertical, convex before, with a prominent median carina; sides
rectilinear, abruptly curved outward above to the horizontal acute
subterete and black-tipped horns. These suprahumeral horns are
strongly recurved, their posterior and inferior surfaces are concave
and marked with a brown line above and below, on either side
of the latter of which is a pale carina; triangular superior surface
between the horns concave, a little convex along the median carina;
posteriorly the pronotum is but feebly elevated, the apex is very slender,
exceeds the abdomen, and is tipped with black. Colour pale fulvous,
fading to pale greenish-yellow on the head and beneath ; the horns and
posterior carina ferruginous brown shading to piceous posteriorly ; sides
mottled with pale ; elytra long, subhyaline, a little smoky along the apical
margin. ‘Tip of the rostrum, tarsal claws and tibial spines black.
Last ventral segment of the female rather long, angularly cleft nearly
one-half of its length ; the sides of this sinus convexly arcuated as far as
the rounded outer angles. Plates of the male long and rather slender,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115
scarcely shorter than the pygofers. Ultimate ventral segment very short.
Length to the tip of the elytra 7 mm.
‘ Described from five males and one female ; five of these were taken
about Lake Temagami, the other was taken by Mr. Palmer on Fox Island,
Red Cedar Lake, in 1906, and was listed by me as a small male of drevi-
cornis. This additional material enables me to correct that determination.
Mr. Palmer has spent several of his summer outings collecting Hemiptera
in his characteristically energetic way, and has brought home some very
interesting material, and it affords me pleasure to recognize the scientific
value of his work by naming this species after him.
Telamona coryli, Fitch.—One female taken at Nigger Point, Quinze
Lake, is of the dark type described by Dr. Fitch as Zelamona tristis.
Enchenopa binotata, Say.—Quinze Lake, one example.
Campylenchia curvata, Fabr.—Taken in numbers at all places where
Mr. Palmer collected.
CERCOPIDÆ.
Lepyronia 4-angularis, Say.—Apparently abundant. The males are
very clearly marked.
. Aphrophora g-notata, Say.—Another common form.
Aphrophora parallela, Say.—Several specimens taken by Mr. Palmer
‘average a little smaller than those taken about Buffalo.
Aphrophora Signoreti, Fitch.— One example taken near Quinze Lake.
In.form of vertex and front, this species is intermediate between paralle/a
and saratogensis. It can finally be determined by the form of the plates
of.the male, which are well characterized by Dr. Ball in his paper on this
family. This has proved to be a rare species, so far as my experience
goes. I have one female taken by Prof. Houghton, in the Adirondacks,
and a male taken by Dr. Brodie, at Toronto, Ont. The present speci-
men is, I think, the fourth I have seen.
Philaronia bilineata, Say.—Taken at Temiskamingue and ()uinze
Lake.
Clastoptera obtusa, Say.—Common everywhere Mr. Palmer worked.
Clastoptera proteus, Fitch., var. nigra, Ball.—Taken at neatly all
stations, and apparently common. In the female there is a fulvous spot
on the costa which is wanting in the male.
BYTHOSCOPIDE.
Bythoscopus sobrius, Walker.—A rare species, of which Mr. Palmer
took one example at Temiskamingue P. O.
116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Bythoscopus cognatus, VanD.—Taken at Lake Temagami and along
Quinze Lake and Barrier River.
Pediopsis viridis, Fitch.— White Rapids and Barrier River. No
males were taken:
Pediopsis basalis, VanD.—One female taken at Temiskamingue P.
O. This belongs to the dark form, with banded elytra, of which I have
taken examples at Lancaster and Hamburg, N. Y. This individual differs,
however, in having a black propleural point not found in the specimens
from Western New York. These banded forms seem to connect basafis
with bsfasciata, and they may prove to be a distinct species.
Pediopsis bifasciata, VanD.—One very pale specimen that I place
here with some doubt, was taken at Klauck’s, on Quinze Lake.
Idiocerus pallidus, Fitch.—Taken throughout the Ottawa River dis-
trict.
Idtocerus suturalis, Fitch.—Taken commonly. The males were
deeply coloured, and were more abundant than the females. The variety
lunaris, Ball, was not taken on this trip.
Idiocerus alternatus, Fitch.—A good series from Nigger Point,
Quinze Lake. I have placed under this name the common species found
throughout the northern United States and Canada, and west to California.
It may be distinguished from our other alternate-veined species by its
having the apex of the head brown and polished, with the two round dots
on the vertex distinct, and not confounded with the transverse black band.
The commissural margin has a white spot in most specimens.
Idiocerus sp.—This species, of which Mr. Palmer took one example
at Temagami, has a broad, irregular, black band across the apex of the
head, in which the round dots are scarcely distinguished. This band
is bisected by a pale median line, and below it are a pair of transverse
spots on the base of the front. ‘The elytral nervures are scarcely alternated.
This species I have also taken at Ridgeway, Ont, near Buffalo.
Idiocerus lachrymalis, Fitch.—Barrier River, two examples. This is
our largest /diocerus. It has the same black band on the vertex that we
find in the preceding species, but it is not bisected by a pale median line.
Agallia novella, Say.—Specimens of this species were brought from
all stations along Quinze Lake and Barrier River. These are all of the
pale form, in some of which the black pronotal spots are entirely wanting.
Agallia sanguinolenta, Prov.—Temiskemingue, P.O. One example.
(To be continued.)
THE CANADIAN: ENTOMOLOGIST, — 117
NOTES ON CORIXIDÆ NO. 1 [HEM.].
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, H. ISLANDS.
Species of the Corixidz cannot be mistaken for those of any other
family of Hemiptera. The remarkable structure of the mouth-parts
(which caused Borner to elevate the family into a separate suborder,
Sandalicerhyncha), and, in the males, the possession of two sets
(apparently) of stridulating organs, abundantly separate them from any
other family. Although not so specially adapted, to our eyes, for such a
life, the Corixidæ have gained a more complete mastery over the problems
of aquatic existence than their relatives, the Notonectidæ and Naucoridæ,
if we may judge by the much greater number of their species.
The structure of the Corixidz is extremely interesting, and there are
probably no other insects whose males can boast of at least four separate
secondary sexual characters (of these, two are of great specific importance).
Their stridulation and general biology have recently been briefly summar-
ized by myself.*
The genera of Corixidæ may be tabulated as follows :
1, Scutellum covered by pronotum only at the anterior margin ....(2).
1a. Scutellum covered (except sometimes at posterior angle) by
pronotum ..................................... eee (4).
2. Metapleura simple. Minute species, never over § mill. long... .(3).
2a. Metapleura deeply impressed behind, forming so-called “parapleura”;
species over 6 mill. long............ 3, Diaprepocoris, Kirkaldy.
3. Pronotum truncate, or igeneraly) convex
behind.. css .. .1, Aficronecta, Kirkaldy.
3a. Pronotum roundly emarginate behind . ...2, Zenagobia, Bergroth.
4. Males.................................................(5).
4a. M ii rente etre eee et ete (10
5- Strigil absent... Seen ee een sers .. (6).
sa. Strigil present . oe vee ..(7).
6. Nostridular area; .; hind tarsi not t marked with black. .4, C ‘ymatia, Flor.
6a. Stridular area present ; hind tarsi usually marked conspicuously with
black (the segment itself, not the fringe of hairs
only) .................. .............5, Callicorixa, White.
* The stridulating organs of Water-bugs, especially of Corixidæ," 1901, J.
Quekett Micr. Club (2), viii, 33-46, Pls. 3-4 (often cited as ‘‘ Quebec !"), and
‘* A Guide to the Study of British Water-bugs,” 1905, ENTOMOLOGIST, XXXVIII,
231-6, etc.
April, 1905
118 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
7. Paler stridulator composed of pégs ranging from bristles to short
‘ peg-tops,” the transition gradual..... 6, Glænocorisa, Thomson.
za. Paler stridulator never with bristles, although the ‘ pegs” may be
elongate (not to be confused with the lower fringe of bristles. . (8).
S. Asymmetry on right side........... css . «(9).
8a. Asymmetry on left side. Pronotum and tegmina smooth, |
shining............................ ..9, Corixa, Geoffroy.
9. ,Tegmina with short, black hairs (immaculate,
nonlineate) ........ ........,... 8, Agraptocorixa, Kirkaldy.
ga. Tegmina without short black hairs ...... ....7, Arctocorisa, Wall.
A. Pronotum transversely lineate, generally rostrate ; tegmina
more or less rostrate ......... ss... (B).
AA. Pronotum immaculate, smooth ; tegmina smooth,
polished .......... +... subg. 3, Hesperocorixa, nov.
B. Tegminal hairs normal, tibiæ ( f) rarely produced
triangularly...... o......Ssubg. 1, Arctocorisa, s. str.
BB. Tegminal hairs of two sorts, tibiæ ( 4 ) triangularly produced
(yPe pygmen, Fieber)....subg. 2, Zrichocorixa, nov.
10. Face flattened ................................,........(1r).
10a. Face convex ....... seen tee ee ee ee ee eee. (14).
11. Pronotum immaculate ; “face smooth sers... 4, Cymatia.
11a. Pronotum with impressed transverse lines ; face
hairy.. Seen cece ee eee ee ce esse ee ee es 0, Glenocorisa.
12. Pronotum immaculate . a are © 2S
12a. Pronotum lineate ....... ses. (14).
13. Tegmina with short black hairs. Dace eee eee eee 8, Agraptocorixa.
13a. Tegmina not with short black hairs ........ (subg.) Hesperocorixa.
14 Pronotum and tegmina smooth, shining ...............0, Corixa.
14a. Pronotum and tegmina more or less rostrate....... Lecce ees (1S).
15. A conspicuous black spot usually on hind tarsi......5, Callicorixa.
isa. Hind tarsi pale, fringing hairs dark in some species..7, Arctocorisa.
A. Tegminal hairs normal .... ......... Arctocorisa, S. Str.
AA. Tegminal hairs of two sorts ........(subg.) Zrichocorixa.
I do not know the Brazilian Heterocorixa, White, of which the types
are apparently lost.
ARCTOCORISA, Wallengren.
This genus was originally founded for certain species with a percurrent
pronotal keel (Carinata, etc.), which, however, are scarcely even sub-
generically separable from Zénnei, fossurum, etc., so that it has been
120 THE CANADIAN: ENTOMOLOGIST.
Subgenus HESPEROCORIXA, nov. subgen.
This has the characters of Arctocorixa, Wallengr. (sens. lat.), but:
differs by the non-rostrate pronotum and tegmina and the non-lineate
pronotum. From Agraptocorixa, Kirk., it differs by the total absence
of black hairs, the surface being polished. From Corixa, Geoffr., it differs
by the 4 asymmetry being on the other side, and by the absence of
lineations. It may prove a good genus.
3. H. Brimleyi, sp. nov.— Head, fore legs, middle femora and claws,
hind coxæ, etc., pale yellow. Eyes gray-brown. Pronotum and tegmina
pale ferruginous, sometimes suffused with sanguineous, base of clavus and
a large spot near apex of corium blackish-brown. Sterna, meso- and
metangtum and abdomen black or blackish, pleurites and apical segment
of abdomen yellowish, partly suffused with red. Middle tibiæ and hind
femora and tibiæ sanguineous, the fringe on the latter golden-brown.
Pronotum short, very transverse, polished, very faintly rostrate, if at
all, obsolescently keeled percurrently. Tegmina smooth and polished,
obsolescently punctured, non-lineate, membrane angularly rounded at the
apex. Middle cibise one-eighth longer than the tarsi, which are equal to
the mutually equally long claws.
T.—Face slightly flattened in the middle, scarcely excavated. Pala
cultrate, with a closely-set row of about 28 pegs. Strigil rather large,
oblong, oval, with five subeven rows.
® .—Pala elongate cultrate.
Length, 9 mill. Hab.: Raleigh, N. C. (Brimley). .
This is very distinct from any other American species known to me.
EARLY STAGES OF NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS.
BY HENRY ENGEL, PITTSBURG, PA.
Eutolype bombyciformis, Smith.
Ova.—Rose-pink, round, base flat, top depressed, 36 vertical ridges
terminating in a raised circle at the crest. Ridges serrate, tipped whitish.
Micropyle slightly raised and white.
Diameter, 0.80 mm. Height, 0.50 mm.
Eggs deposited April 30-May 2nd. Larvæ hatched May 13-14th.
First Stage.— Length, 2.50 mm. Head bilobed, a little wider than:
body, glossy black, covered with short hair. Mouth-parts black. Thoracic
shield brown, trapezoid in outline. Body pale green, shaded with brown
dorsally on thoracic segments. ‘Thoracic legs pale green, claws black.
Abdominal legs green, with two brown patches outwardly, the smaller one
just above claws. ‘Tubercles small, black, with short black sete.
April. 190N
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. " 12]
First moult May 18th.
Second Stage.— Length at rest, 4 mm ; extended, 5 mm. Head and
mouth-parts yellowish-green. Ocelli glossy black. Body light green, a
faint whitish subdorsal line. Legs concolorous, claws black. Tubercles
not contrasting. Sets gray.
Second moult May 18th. |
Third Stage.—Length, 7 mm. Head yellowish-green. Ocelli black.
Body and legs light green. A gray dorsal line interrupted in the inter-
sections. Subdorsal line more conspicuous than in stage 2, broken into
spots on each segment. Tubercles light gray. Setæ on i and ii blackish,
the lower ones gray.
Third moult May 31st. ;
Fourth Stage.—Length, 13 mm. Head pale green, 2 mm. wide.
Ocelli black. Body green dorsally, lighter green below subdorsal line.
Dorsal, subdorsal and stigmatal line yellowish-green. Legs pale green.
Tubercles oval, prominent, pale yellow, with brown centre. Setz dark
gray.
Fourth moult June 8th. |
Fifth Stage.— Length, 23 mm. Head 3 mm. wide, bluish-green.
Mouth-parts brown. Ocelli black. Body yellowish green above, bluish-
green below stigmatal line. Legs pale green, claws a shade lighter.
Dorsal and subdorsal lines pale yellow, the former interrupted in the
intersections and on the somites. The subdorsal line narrow and broken
into irregular spots, the stigmatal line prominent, brighter yellow and
continuous from second to anal segment. Tubercles prominent, pale
yellow, with brown centre, iv of equal distance from and in line with
spiracle except on segment 6, where it is slightly above, and in 7, where it
is further removed and lower.
Larve matured June 17th. Length, 38-40 mm.
Pupa.—Light brown, darker over the eyes and on anal segment.
Wing-cases ornamented with dentate striations. ‘The segmental rings
have numerous small round dents anteriorly, smooth posteriorly.
Cremaster armed with four short spines. Two crescent-shaped dark
brown raised ridges in subdorsal area on anal segment.
Pupation occurs in cells from 3-4 inches below surface.
Food plant.— Carya alba, Nutt., Shellbark Hickory.
I was fortunate in finding 12 females of this species during two
afternoons in a beautiful hard timber woods near New Brighton, Pa., last
April. They emerge about noon, and may be found on the trunk of the
122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Hickories. One specimen was taken at rest on an Oak. It showed
signs of flight, and fertile ova were obtained. The moths have been taken
from April 18—May 3rd.
Nacophora quernaria, Smith and Abbott.
Eggs deposited June rst.
Ova. — Yellowish-green, with metallic reflections. Acorn-shape
inverted, base ovally rounded, top broad, slightly convex. A circle of white,
irregular, raised spots at the periphery, ranging from 18-21 in number.
Diameter, 0.55 mm. Height, 0.80 mm.
Larve hatched June 16-17th.
First Stage.— Length, 2.60 mm. Head 0.45 mm. wide, rounded,
slightly bilobed, dull brown, shading darker to the mouth-parts. Fine
irregular reticulations and a few gray hairs. Ocelli dark brown. Body
velvety dark brown. Thoracic shield gray. Tubercles along dorsum
small, blackish, with short gray sete. An apparently white line along the
side consisting of the prominent cream-coloured tubercles and intermediate
speckles of white. Tubercles i, ii, iti on segment 2, and 1, ii on
segment 11 are In line laterally. Ventrally the tubercles are small, with
short gray sete. Legs gray, mottled with brown.
First moult June 2rst.
Second Stage.—Length, 6 mm. Head o.80 mm. wide, angular,
notched in centre of the crown, depressed in front, dark brown, with
numerous irregular light brown speckles. Occelli glossy black. Body
brown. On segment 5 two eminences or lumps have developed bearing
tubercle ti. Tubercles along dorsum blackish, larger on segments 2, 5 and
11, on sides gray, centered with brown. The sides have whitish striations.
Legs as in stage I. | -
Second moult June 25th.
Third Stage.— Length, to mm. Head 1.40 mm. wide, thicker than
body, square, deeply notched in centre, depressed in front, brown, with
lighter mottlings. Body dark brown, with grayish mottlings, reddish on
segment 5 and ash-gray on anal segment. Humps on segment 5 more
developed. Body is sparsely covered with short gray hairs. Tubercles
and legs as in stage 2. i
Third moult July rst.
Fourth Stage.— Length, 16 mm. Head 2 mm., shape as in stage 3.
Brown, with a distinct dark brown dash from each angle converged to
clypeus. Thoracic segments swollen and light brown. Body mottled
f
;
THE CAMADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123
brown and gray, with short gray hair. Anal segment and legs pale ash-
gray. Tubercles as before except segment 6, which is swollen ventraily,
with tubercles more prominent.
Fourth moult July 7th.
Fifth Stage.—Length, 22 mm. Head 2.60 mm. wide, the deeply-
notched crown more pronounced. Body mottled brown and gray, with
trimgular light gray patches dorsally on segments 6-10. A faint gray line
above spiracles. Tubercles reddish-brown and prominent on segments 2,
3, 5 and 10-11. On 4, 5, 9 and anal segment they are small, scarcely
darker than ground. On under side of segment 6 reddish-brown.
Fifth moult July 14th.
Sixth Stage.— Length, 33 mm. Head 4 mm. wide, very angular, deeply
notched, rather deep and rounded posteriorly, variable grayish to dark
brown, with numerous fine blackish warts. Ocelli and mandibles dark
brown. Thoracic legs light brown. Body variable gray to dark brown.
Thoracic shield lighter. Entire body covered with light gray warts, giving
a crenulate appearance. A blackish triangular patch on under side of
segments 2 and 3. Tubercles on segment 6 beneath and on 2, 5 and 11
above large and prominent, reddish on 5 and 6, gray to light brown on the
other segments. Humps on 5 prominent. A broad broken yellowish
shade on under side of segments 4-8. Lilac on g-12. Anal plate and
legs ash-gray, rough. Spiracles black-ringed. At rest the thoracic
segments are drawn in, and segment 2, with its prominent row of tubercles,
forms a striking hump.
Larvee matured July 25th. Length, 45-48 mm.
Pupa.—Head, thorax and wing-cases blackish-brown, segments a
shade lighter, brown on the somites and blackish-satin in the intersections.
The surface is very rough. Six raised humps appear on the head, four
situated between base of the antennæ and two slightly above. Anal
segment is smooth, glossy black above. Cremaster with a strong spine
dividing into two outwardly curved hooks. ‘Three smaller curved spines
on each side.
The larvæ formed a silk cocoon within and under moss in the breed-
ing cage.
Food-plant.— Quercus. Oak.
One male emerged on September 2nd. Normal dark form, with
nearly straight extradiscal lines in secondaries. The balance of the pupæ
are laying over yntil spring.
124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NV. quernaria has interested me greatly, and I have tried different
times to secure ova. In almost every instance-when a female was obtained,
we had unfavourable weather, and although I carried the female to
extensive forests, I failed to secure fertile eggs. My efforts at New
Brighton, Pa., again proved fatile with a female secured about middle of
May. On May 31st a belated female was found and secured to a branch
of a bush leaning against an Oak. The following morning several clusters
of eggs were found deposited on the bark of the tree, and these fortu-
nately proved fertile.
I have invariably found newly-emerged specimens on or near Oak,
and this led me to offer it as the food. Wild Cherry also was provided as
an experiment, and the larvæ fed on it, but seemed to prefer Oak, which was
used exclusively thereafter.
In my opinion there is considerable uncertainty about the specific
standing of Macophora cupidaria, Grote. Several specimens, all mates,
have been determined for local collectors as cupidaria. ‘These are all
males of guernaria, which is an extremely variable species in coloration as
well as structure of the extradiscal line in secondaries. The late Dr.
Packard had one female of guernaria, and besides the copy of Grote’s
figure a poor male, which he presumed to be cupidaria, when treating these
species in his Monograph. On page 412 he speaks of cupidaria possibly
being the male of guernaria, which I think is correct. The figure of
cupidaria in the Monograph Plate XI, fig. 5, is poor, as the left and right
sides do not correspond at all. I have seen about 40 specimens in the
local collections, and will briefly state the differences of the sexes of
guernaria: Male: Coloration mostly dark ; in rare exceptions specimens
occur where the costal area, collar and front of thorax are white, corre-
sponding in this respect to the figure of cupidaria, cited above. The
extradiscal line in secondaries is usually straight, in some specimens more
or less angulated in the median area. Female: very variable, coloration
usually light, corresponding with the figure of guernaria, Plate XI, fig. 6,
in Packard’s Monograph. Some specimens were noted which have the
thorax brown and scarcely any white maculation on the wings. The line
in secondaries is strongly angulated in the majotity, in some specimens
intermediate between these and the normally straight line of the male.
The transverse lines of the primaries do not vary much. In the dark
specimens of both sexes these lines are marked at the costa by irregular
patches.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125
NEW SPECIES OF DOLERINÆ.
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.
The writer has in preparation some synoptic tables of the eastern
species of Saw-flies. In this synoptic paper, it is not desirable to present
the descriptions of new species. This paper and some others to follow
later will include the descriptions of such new species as are to be included
there,
Dolerus parasericeus, n. sp.— 9. Surface of the scutellar appendage
entirely smooth ; pectus with three longitudinal rows of large punctures ;
antennal furrows with their outer edges continued by an elevated area to
the eye; head rounded off between the vertex and the occiput ; the post-
ocular area with fewer, smaller punctures than the sides of the vertex; the
scutellum and the inflexed portion of the lateral lobes of the mesonotum
with the punctuation similar in size and approximately similar in number
to the dorsal surface of the lateral lobes ; body dull black; wings
infuscated, especially around the margins. Length, 10 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y.
Dolerus neosericeus, n. sp.— 2. This species differs from the pre-
ceding in having the scutellum and inflexed portion of the mesonotum with
the punctuation larger and distinctly more numerous than on the dorsal
surface of the mesonotum ; antennal furrows behind the ocelli distinct and
sharply cut ; upper orbits with an impunctate area ; median lobe of the
mesonotum distinctly, more densely punctured than the lateral lobes; body
dull black ; wings fuliginous. Length, 12 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y., and Mt. Katahdin, Maine (J. O. Martin).
Dolerus polysericeus, n. sp.— $. Pectus with three longitudinal rows
of large punctures ; antennal furrows not traceable below the lateral ocelli;
scutellum with fewer punctures than the lateral lobes of the mesonotum,
and its punctures twice their size ; postocular area more finely punctured
than the posterior orbits ; head with a carina between the occiput and the
posterior orbits ; body dull black ; wings infuscated. Length, 11 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.
Dolerus colosericeus, n. sp.— %. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; pectus with three longitudinal rows of large punctures ; antennal
furrows not traceable below the lateral ocelli ; scutellum and lateral lobes
of the mesonotum uniformly punctured as to size and number ; vertex
April, 1908
126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
with a fine impunctate ridge extending from the hind end of the antennal
furrow to the hind margin of the eyes; an impunctate spot on the edge
of the head between the vertex and the occiput ; body uniformly black ;
wings fuliginôus. Length, 14 mm.
Habitat : St. Anthony Park, Minn. (R. H. Pettit).
Dolerus monosericeus, n. sp.— 4 $. Surface of the scutellar
appendage smooth ; pectus with three rows of large punctures ; antennal
furrows obsolete below the lateral ocelli; scutellum and lateral lobes
uniformly punctured ; vertex uniformly convex between the antennal
furrows and the eyes ; the vertex uniformly punctured ; median lobe of
the mesonotum uniformly, finely, densely punctured ; body black ; wings
fuliginous. Length, 10 mm.
Habitat : West Springfield, Mass. (J. O. Martin).
Dolerus apriloides, n. sp.—®. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; pectus with the punctures all uniform in size ; antennal furrows
broad and distinct to near the middle of the eyes; the postocular area
with many fine punctures ; the posterior orbits with adjacent, large punc-
tures, surface subrugose ; impunctate area on the lateral surface of the
lateral lobes-of the mesonotum not extending to the median lobes ; body
black, with abdominal segments one to five rufous ; wings infuscated on
apical half. Length, 12 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y.
Dolerus neoaprilis,n.sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; median lobe of the mesonotum with larger, coarser punctures at
sides than at middle; pectus uniformly punctured; antennal furrows
indefinite, not continued below the lateral ocelli ; impunctate area on the
sides of the lateral lobes extending to the margin of the median lobe of
the mesonotum ; the postocular area and the posterior orbits finely
punctured, the postocular area the more densely ; body black, with
abdominal segments one to five rufous ; wings hyaline, smoky toward the
apex. Length, 11 mm.
Habitat: Nebraska (F. Rauterberger).
Dolerus minusculus, n. sp.— 2. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; mesonotum not with a band of larger punctures on each side of
the median lobe ; head with a distinct carina along the posterior margin
between the occiput and the vertex ; mesonotum with the median lobe
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127
densely punctured, the lateral lobes almost smooth ; body black, with the
collar, tegulæ, the legs beyond the middle of the coxæ, and abdominal
segments one to five, rufous; the wings slightly infuscated. Length,
8 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.
Dolerus luctatus, n. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth; mesonotum not with a band of large punctures on each side of
the median lobe ; head with a distinct carina along the posterior margin
between the occiput and the vertex; mesonotum with the median lobe
not more densely punctured than the lateral lobes ; body black, with the
pronotum in front irregularly, abdominal segments one to four, abdominal
segment five at base, apical half of the front coxæ, the front femora and
tibiæ, the middle and hind femora, except a black spot above at apex,
and the knees in part, rufous; tegulæ white; wings hyaline. Length,
8 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.
Dolerus neocollaris, n. sp.— ZT 9. Surface of the scutellar append-
age smooth; mesonotum with the median lobe uniformly punctured; head
not with a carina along the posteriar margin above ; antennal fovea linear,
definite, three times as long as broad; a transverse furrow extending
across the head between the eyes and behind the ocelli; head uniformly
punctured ; body black, with the pronotum entirely, the median lobe of
the mesonotum, and the upper half of the mesepimera, rufous ; wings
slightly infuscated. Length, to mm.
Habitat: Fulton, N. Y. (C. R. Crosby) ; Ithaca, N. Y.
Dolerus icterus, n. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; mesonotum with the median lobe uniformly punctured ; head
not with a carina along the posterior margin above ; antennal fovea
punctiform, shallow, hardly if at all longer than broad ; the transverse
furrow between the eyes and behind the ocelli wanting; body rufous, with
the head, the antennz, the lateral lobes of the mesonotum, the scutellum
at middle, the pectus, the saw-guides, the stigma on its outer half, and the
legs, except the knees of the front pair, black ; wings infuscated at
middle. Length, 9 mm.
Habitat : Saranac Inn, N. Y. (J. G. Needham).
Dolerus refugus, n. sp.— 9. Surface of the scutellar appendage
Gniformly, finely punctured ; scutellum twice as densely punctured as
128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
the surface of the median lobe of the mesonotum; the postocular area
and the posterior orbits uniformly, closely punctured; body black, with
the pronotum, the median lobe of the mesonotum, and the upper half of
the mesopleura, rufous; wings subhyaline, clouded at apex. Length,
12 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y. (J. H. Comstock) ; Lake Forest, Ill. (J. G.
Needham).
Dolerus inspectus, n. sp.— 3. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate at middle and punctured at sides; scutellum and.
lateral lobes of the mesonotum uniformly punctured ; the postocular area
more finely and densely punctured than the posterior orbits; the median.
lobe of the mesonotum and the scutellum finely, densely punctured, the
lateral lobes smooth, with distinct punctures; body black, with the
abdominal segments one to five rufous; wings yellowish, veins black.
Length, 9 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y., and Chicopee, Mass. (J. O. Martin).
Dolerus cohesus, n. sp.—?. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth at apex and striate at base; median lobe of the mesonotum
‘uniformly punctured ; antennal furrow extending from the occiput to the
clypeus ; vertex and postocular area differently punctured ; lateral lobes
of the mesonotum not so densely punctured as the median lobe or the
scutellum ; body black, with abdominal segments one to four, and the
tibiæ, at least on their basal half, rufous. Length, 7 mm.
Habitat : Otto, N. Y. (J. H. Comstock), and West Springfield, Mass.
(J. O. Martin).
Dolerus conjugatus, n. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate; head viewed from above with a deep transverse
furrow, rounded at bottom, extending from the lateral ocelli to beyond the
hind angles of the eyes ; head with the postocular area more densely
punctured than the sides of the vertex ; body black, with the knees and
the abdominal segmenfs one to five, rufous ; the wings hyaline, the veins
black, the stigma paler below. Length, 8 inm.
Habitat: Otto, N. Y. (J. H. Comstock) ; Wellesley, Mass. (A. P.
Morse); Fulton, N. Y. (C. R. Crosby).
Dolerus dysporus, nu. sp.— 9. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate ; head viewed from above with a deep transverse
furrow, rounded at bottom, extending from the lateral ocelli to beyond the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129
hind angles of the eyes ; head with the postocular area and the sides of
the vertex uniformly, finely punctured ; body black, with the abdominal
segments one to five and the basal half of the sixth, rufous; the wings
hyaline, the veins and stigma black. Length, 10 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y., and Chicopee, Mass. (J. O. Martin).
Dolerus plestus, n. sp.— QQ. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate ; head viewed from above with a deep transverse
furrow, rounded at bottom, extending from the lateral ocelli to beyond the
hind angles of the eyes ; head with a fine ridge extending from the edge
of the eye obliquely toward the occiput ; mesonotum with the impunctate
area on the sides of the lateral lobes not extending to the margin of the
median lobe ; the median lobe of the mesonotum more densely punctured
than the lateral lobes; body black, with the prothorax, tegule, and
abdominal segments four to five, rufous; wings very slightly infuscated,
veins and stigma black. Length, 8 mm.
Habitat : Lake Forest, Ill. (J. G. N eedhain).
Dolerus agcistus, n. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate ; head viewed from above with a deep transverse
furrow, rounded at bottom, extending from the lateral ocelli to beyond the
hind angles of the eyes ; head without a fine ridge extending from the
eye toward the occiput; mesonotum with the impunctate area on the
sides of the lateral lobes extending broadly to the margin of the median
lobe; mesonotum finely, densely punctured; body black, with the prothorax,
tegulæ, median lobe of the mesonotum, upper half of the mesopleuræ, the
metapleure, and the abdomen, except the saw-guides, rufous; wings
infuscated, veins black. Length, 9 mm.
Habitat: Lake Forest, Ill. (J. G. Needham), and Durham, N. H.
(W. & F.).
Dolerus stugnus, n. sp.—®. Surface of the scutellar appendage
transversely striate ; mesonotum with the impunctate area on the sides of
the lateral lobes almost entirely wanting, at least, always separated from
the median lobe by a narrow punctate area; head when viewed from above
with a transverse furrow extending across behind the eyes, interrupted by
an oblique ridge extending from the postocular area to the upper posterior
corner of the eyes ; lateral lobes of the mesonotum not so densely punc-
tured on the disk as at the sides ; body black, with the prothorax for the
Most part, a spot on each side of the median lobe of the mesonotum, the
130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
tegulæ, the knees, and the abdominal segments one to five, rufous ; wings
yellowish hyaline, paler at base. Length, ro mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y.
Dolerus acritus, n. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
transversely striate ; mesonotum with the impunctate area on the sides of
the lateral lobes almost entirely wanting, at least, always separated from
the median lobe by a narrow punctate area; head when viewed from above
with a transverse furrow extending behind the eyes and ocelli, and without
a carina behind the eyes between the occiput and the posterior orbits ;
vertex adjacent to the postocular area with a small impunctate area; the
postocular area as densely punctured as the front ; median lobe of the
mesonotum not so densely punctured as the lateral lobes ; body black,
with the prothorax, tegule, median lobe of the mesonotum, except at
middle, and the abdominal segments one to five, rufous ; wings hyaline,
veins black, stigma rufous below. Length, 7 mm.
Habitat: McLean and Ithaca, N. Y.
Dolerus -arvensis, Say.—This species, as has been pointed out be-
fore, is the female of Dolerus unicolor, Beauv.
THE CHRYSALIS OF EUCHLOE LANCEOLATA, BOISD.
BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA.
The preparatory stages of but two of our species of Euch/oe have
been entirely worked out. Genutia, Fab., is well known, and Prof. Shull
(Ent. News, March, 1907) has given us the life-history of olympia, Edw.
The later stages of ausonides have also been briefly described, and Mr.
E. J. Newcomer and myself have succeeded in working out its entire
history, as well as that of sara partially. The only reference to /anceolata
is by Mead,* in which he describes the mature larva, and makes a mention
of the pupa. Later, Beutenmüller,f in his Revision of the genus, and
Holland (Butterfly Book, p. 285) have compiled short descriptions of the
larva, which appears to be similar to congeneric species, and with the usual
glandular hairs, lateral and longitudinal markings, feeding on the flowers
and buds, and later, the seed-pods of its food-plant. Mead’s reference to
the pupa is so meagre that I give it verbatim: “The chrysalis is some-
what larger than that of A. Ayantis, and the long palpi-case is bent
*Psyche, II, p. 179, 1878.
FBull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10, 236, 1898.
April, 1908
132 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
SOME WINTER INSECTS.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.
Some five or six years ago, on Lincoln’s birthday (February 12), my
friend, Mr. W. T. Davis, took me collecting in Staten Island, and the
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST published my little sketch of the day. Every
year since I have endeavoured to repeat my pleasant experience of that
occasion, but never have met with success. Again I tried this year, and
in spite of the two weeks of excessive cold that preceded the holiday,
there were one or two things of interest to note :—
The day was bright, with a temperature at freezing or perhaps lower,
and snow was quite deep on the ground. It was a day for walking, and I
found myself wishing for snowshoes to go over the frozen crust. My
collecting grounds are all about ten minutes’ walk from my house in White
Plains. First I went to a swamp, mostly under water and now covered
with ice, but found nothing. Walking along the aqueduct, I kept on the
look-out for likely-looking trees, but found none that gave results. Finally
the Bronx River was reached, and in a field through which it runs, many
specimens of the little Perlid, Capuia necydaloides, were found crawling
actively about on the snow. Some had wandered out of the sunshine and
were quite torpid, but others were very agile and endeavoured to hide
under the snow crystals to avoid capture. Here also were taken a couple
of undetermined gnats which were crawling over the snow. On my way
home I came across two sycamores, and under the flakes of loose bark
took a dozen or so Corythuca ciliata. In the afternoon, during a walk, I
noticed a dead and peeling sapling from which on one or two other occa-
sions I had removed a part of the bark with satisfactory results. Again I
tried it, and to my Satisfaction found in a part of the unbarked portion of
the branches a nice series of the Aradid, Aneurus Fiskei, Heid. I found
not only the adult, but also the ova and nymphs in several stages.
‘This was indeed a very different day from the other, but on the whole
it was nct very disappointing, considering the desultory nature of my col-
lecting. The capture of Aneurus Fiskei alone was sufficient to make it
noteworthy.
The Thirty-eighth Annual Report of the Entomological Society of
Ontario, 1907, has recently been issued and distributed by the Department
of Agriculture at Toronto to all our subscribers who have paid up their
dues for the current year. Among the important papers may be men-
tioned Mr. Jarvis’s List of the Scale Insects of Ontario, and Dr. Fletcher's
Entomological Record for 1907.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133
THE SPECIES OF TORNOS, MORR.
BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
In 1887 Dr. Hulst described (Ent. Amer., Vol. II, pp. 192 and 210)
five species under this genus, vis.: candidarius ; robiginosus, Mor., var.
cindarius; robiginosus, Mor., var. abjectarius; dissociarius, and inco-
priarius. The first named is a Noctuid ; the second is a valid species ;
the third has recently been placed as a synonym of scolopacinaria, Guen.,
in an article by Mr. J. A. Grossbeck (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 32, p.
342), where it most assuredly belongs ; the fourth was made the type of
Holochroa, Hulst (Dyar, 3,821); and the fifth was in some strange manner
incorporated with Glaucina (Dyar, 3,820). In describing var. cinctarius,
Dr. Hulst gives no alar expanse, no sex, nor locality. Three examples of
it have long been known to me, one in the Hulst coll. at N. B., the type,
so labelled, from Florida ; one in the Bklyn. Inst., through the Graef.
coll., from Georgia; and one taken by me at Orlando, Florida, iv, 3, 1899;
all females. At that time I was confident the species was entirely distinct,
and this view has since been expressed by Dr. Dyar (Proc. Ent. Soc. of
Wash., Vol. 6, p. 225), but I have waited several years to make certain of
it, by an examination of the male sex. Recently, through the kindness of
Mrs. A. T. Slosson, I was permitted to examine her Geometrid captures
in Florida, and among them were two females and one male of this species.
It is easily separated from scolopacinaria, which is also taken there, by its
large size, stouter form, broad wings, in colour a deep mahogany-red when
fresh, fading into a deep reddish-brown. With the black cross lines of
both wings sharply defined except the intradiscal on fore wings, which
after touching discal dot fades out toward inner margin. The discal dots
on fore wings are two to three times larger, and the plumes with which
they are ornamented much longer, so that they wave about with the
slightest movement. The ¢ antennæ are heavier. The extradiscal line
is outwardly edged with a fine border of white scales. In my specimen
the basal and extradiscal curved lines on hind wings are both sharply
defined, and the large oval discal spot, not ornamented with plumes as on
fore wings, is pupilled with a few white scales. Expanse, 30 mm.
Type: 4 in the coll. of Mrs. A. T. Slosson.
The above comparative description, amplifying that of Dr. Hulst,
applies to both sexes.
The type of (Glaucina) incopriarius, Hulst, passed, with the
Neumogen coll., to the Brooklyn Inst. It is nearly related to Deilinea,
April. 1908
134 ' THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST.
but far removed from G/awcina. ]ncopriarius is represented in the Hulst
coll. at N. B. by a species which Dr. Dyar has forestalled me in describing
under the name of errovaria (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 15, p. 106).
The type of incopriartus is identical with, so far as I can discern, the
mutilated, badly-worn type in the Hulst coll. at N. B., representing
Aethyctera lineata, Hulst. Mr. Grossbeck refers to this species (loc. cit.,
page 341) as being represented by a false type, but this was a ‘‘ slip of the
pen.” Perhaps Dr. Barnes, from whom Hulst’s specimens came, may
"have better ones, upon which a definite opinion might be based. Inci-
dentally, I would call attention to the persistent misspelling of Morrison’s
name, robiginosus, by all writers, from Packard, in 1876, to the present
time. The species of Zornos, Mor., should stand :
scolopacinaria, Guen.
= robiginosus, Mor.
e = abjectarius, Hulst.
cinctarius, Hulst.
BOOK NOTICES.
Fauna HawallkEnsis, or the Zoology of the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Isles,
Volume I, Part V, Microlepidoptera. By the Right Hon. Lord
Walsingham : The University Press, Cambridge, 1907. (Price eighty
shillings.)
This long-promised part of the Fauna Hawaiiensis, dealing with the
Microlepidoptera of the islands, by Lord Walsingham, is now before the
writer in a highly-prized complimentary copy.
Together with Edw. Meyrick’s Macrolepidoptera (1899), it forms a
monumental work on the Lepidopterous fauna of the Sandwich Isles, well
worthy of the learned authors. The two volumes afford a comprehensive
and authoritative key to the knowledge of this fauna, and they will ever
remain indispensable ciassics, even though further collecting will undoubt-
edly add considerably to the number of species known from the islands,
especially among the Micros.*
——- ee
*A material increase may particularly be expected in the more minute
Tineidæ, which are scantily represented in the present work; thus, only two
species of Gracilaria are described, and the genus Lithocolletis is totally absent.
In LU. S. National Museum is a series of Zifhocolletis (near Bethuniella, Cham-
bers), bred in Hawaii from Lanfana, supposed to have been introduced from
Mexico.
April, 1908
136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
All the genera and species are described in the careful manner
characteristic of the author, and the recognition of the species is further
greatly facilitated by the very excellent colored plates, representing every
species. It was a joy to the writer to be able to name, without any diff
culty, a dozen species from the National Museum’s Hawaiian collection in
as many minutes. .
With all this acknowledged, it seems hypercritical to require more ;
yet another plate, giving delineations of the venation of all the genera,
would have been a valuable addition. Not that the genera may not be
recognized from the very perfect descriptions, but in any eventual re-
arrangement of the genera, or in comparative studies with others of other
faunas, where minute details, at present not reckoned with, may have to be
relied on, such a plate of careful figures of the venations would have been
exceedingly valuable to the student who has not access toa good Ha-
walian collection.
One striking example of this need of structural figures is the genus
Aristotelia, of which one is surprised to find, that Lord Walsingham
has retained the same abstract idea as in his West Indian paper of 10
years ago (Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1897, page 63), notwithstanding
subsequent revisional work in that group. With this originally monotypi-
cal genus, which has: been limited by Meyrick and the writer to the
species agreeing in venation with the type, decurte//a, Hubner, Lord
Walsingham continues to associate quite different forms. While this may
not be of much importance in the case of such closely-related genera as
Chrysopora, Clemens (Vomia, Clemens ; Afannodia, Heinemann), it is
decidedly mischievous with a genus like Evagora, Clemens, which belongs
to a very different group. In this genus, Aristote/ia (Walsingham), figures
of the venation, or at least a statement of it under each species, would
have greatly facilitated a revision, which must in time take place, as
even the coloured figures plainly show that the included species can not be
congeneric.
Lord Walsingham’s arrangement of the genera in families presents
some interesting new departures.
The hitherto generally accepted family, Xy/oryctide, is absorbed
without even a group name among the Gelechiidæ, probably through
sound reasoning, but without any presented argumentation. To the writer
it would seem expedient to retain this admittedly natural group, at least
as a sub-family, with the position of vein 2 in the fore wing as the dis-
tinguishing character.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. | 137
The hitherto universally-accepted family, Z/achistide, Lord Walsing-
ham finds inseparable from the Æ/yponomeutide, through the knowledge of
intergrading Hawaïian forms. While agreeing that any divisions which
cannot be well defined should be avoided as inexpedient, though not
necessarily unnatural, the writer is not quite prepared for this radical
move, and ventures to suggest that the final solution of this question has
not been reached, and may be found, rather, in other limits being drawn,
than in no limits between the two families.
In the Hyponomeutide, Lord Walsingham further places Blastobasis
and Endrosis, though he has himself, within the last year, elucidated the
family Blastobaside by a generic table, in which he included both these
genera (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIII, page 200, 1907).
No reasons are advanced for this change of view, and it can only
be explained on the supposition that this part of the work had been
written some years ago, and has not been brought up to the author’s
present conception. The B/as/obaside, in the absence of proof to the
contrary, should be retained as a natural and easily - defined family,
characterized mainly by the peculiar venation of the forewing.
The genus Æn@rosis, however, does not, in the writer’s opinion,
belong to this family,* but to the Œcophoride, near Borkhausenia.
After these radical reductions in the number of families, Lord Wal-
singham, on the other hand, promotes to family rank the Carposinide,
as suggested by the writer (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XV, p. 35, 1907), in
which he presumably will include the Piadoniine as a sub-family. With
equal propriety he retains the O/ethreutine and the Zortricine under one
family heading, Zortricide.
He adheres to the idea, which he originated, of placing these fami-
lies between, rather than in front of, the other families of the Tineina, .
which seems the more warranted in view of Meyrick’s recent intermediate
family, Chlidanotide (Journ. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc., XVII, page 412,
1906); but it must be kept in mindthat the Zortricide are a terminal
branch, from which no other family has developed. The writer regrets
Sa pan ©
*Nor does Arctoscelis, Meyrick. In his generic table, above-mentioned,
Lord Walsingham differentiates these two genera on the character: no anten-
fal pecten, a character which, if true, alone would tend to eliminate them from
the family ; Ændrosis, however, possesses a very strongly-developed pecten.
138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
one single feature in this masterful work, namely, the erection of genera
( Ptychotrix, Catamempsts ) on secondary sexual characters alone, and this
in spite of His Lordship’s own statement in his remarks (page 738-9),
that such characters are of very doubtful value, and especially so in the
Hawaiian fauna, where the most embarrassing plasticity of such characters
prevails. Undoubtedly, other sounder structural characters, common to
both sexes, could have been found, or if not, the genera are, in the writer’s
judgment, not justified. To him it seems essential, for a sound appre-
ciation of the natural grouping of the A/icrolepidoptera, that we get away
altogether from these superficial characters, however tempting, and rely
solely on the more subtle but dependable internal modifications presented
in the venation.
In his discussion of the variability of the secondary sexual characters,
Lord Walsingham also comments on the variability in the Hawaiian fauna
of certain other, normally dependable, generic characters. Some of these
the writer is not able to discuss without a more extended study of
the fauna than is at present possible ; but the one case of instability
of venation (in Diplosara, Meyrick, pages 646-7), appears to be nothing
more than might be expected, or than is found in other unspecialized
genera (a similar case is Monopis) ; these conditions do not in the ieast
lessen the value of the venation as a dependable character, only the same
importance must not be given to certain fluctuations in generalized
families, such as the Zinemde and Hyponomeutida, as would be warranted
in more crystallized families, such as the Gelechiide or Œcophoride.
The few dissenting opinions on certain details that may be found in
the above notes do not detract from the fullest general appreciation of
Lord Walsingham’s excellent work. It has been an enormous and very
difficult study, and he is to be sincerely congratulated on the result, which
casts great credit on the author and on his valuable assistant, Mr. J.
Hartley Durrant, whose important share in the work is liberally credited
by Lord Walsingham.—AuGustT BuscK.
JoURNAL oF Economic EntomoLocy: Official organ of the Association
of Economic Entomologists. Concord, N. H. Volume I, No. I.
February, 1908.
We are glad to welcome this first number of a new serial publication
devoted to Economic Entomology. Since its formation, twenty years ago,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139
the Association has depended upon the Department of Agriculture at
Washington for the publication of its proceedings, in the form of an
annual Bulletin. Some inconvenience was experienced owing to the
unavoidable delay in the appearance of some of the papers, which were
of immediate importance. To obviate this difficulty, and also to provide
a magazine for the early publication of original observations made by
workers in all departments of Economic Entomology, this Journal has
been established. It is to be issued bi-monthly, beginning with February
of the current year. It is hoped that not only all Entomologists will
support the venture by their subscriptions, but also fruit-growers, nursery-
men, horticulturists and all others in any way interested in the depreda-
tions of insects.
The number before us contains the first instalment of the papers read
at the recent Chicago meeting of the Association, as well as a report of
its proceedings. ‘The eighty pages include some very interesting contri-
butions, among which may be mentioned: Mr. Wilmon Newell’s Notes on
the Habits of the Argentine, or “New Orleans” Ant; Mr. W. A.
Hooker's papers on the Life-history, &c., of the Ixoidea, and the Role of
Ticks in the Transmission of Disease ; and Mr. W. D. Hunter’s discus-
sion of the effects of temperature on the incubation of eggs of Margaro-
pus annulatus. The magazine is edited by Dr. E. Porter Felt, State
Entomologist, Albany, N. Y., with Mr. A. F. Burgess, Bureau of Ento-
mology, Washington, as Asscciate Editor, and an advisory board con-
sisting of Drs. Howard, Fletcher, H. T. Fernald, Forbes, Morgan and
Osborn. The subscription for non-members of the Association is two
dollars per annum, which should be sent to the Business Manager, Prof.
E. Dwight Sanderson, Durham, N. H.
BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH COLUMBIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SocIETY: Edited
by R. V. Harvey, M. A., Victoria, B. C. No. 8 December, 1907.
This number contains a list of the Syrphidæ of British Columbia, by
Prof. R. C. Osburn, and a continuation of Mr. Harvey’s Notes on Noc-
tuide, treating of five species of Autographa. This little quarterly always
Contains some valuable and interesting matter, and must be of great assist-
ance to Entomologists in the Pacific province.
140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NOTES.
While in search of beetles last June, one of my companions drew
attention to a colony of large black ants in a decayed pine stump. We
noticed a great many minute yellow creatures running unmolested among
the ants. Examination proved them to be Staphylinids, which I thought
were of the genus Atemeles, and afterwards they were identified as such.
We have been unable to learn the species as yet. The beetle is about an
eighth of an inch long, and the abdomen, which is always held erect,
bears a peculiar depression on the upper side in such a way as to leave a
distinct ledge around the edge. Shortly afterwards we found one of the
same species in a spider’s web. On July 15th I was surprised to see
Cicada tibicen with its proboscis buried in a squash bug, Anasa tristes.
_ This was my first intimation that the Cicada might feed on animal
matter.—Eric MONTIZAMBERT, Port Hope.
We regret to record the death, at the age of seventy-six, of Dr. H.
GuarpD Knaccs, F. L. S., an English Entomologist of note, which took
place on the 16th of January. He was the author of many contributions
to entomological literature, among the most widely known of which is his
“Lepidopterist’s Guide,” a third edition having been published a few years
ago. This is a popular work, containing instructions for collecting, rearing
and preserving Butterflies and Moths for the use especially of the young
collector.
THE Lake LABORATORY maintained by the Ohio State University
announces the usual programme for the coming summer, including courses
in General Zoology and Botany, Entomology, Ornithology, Experimental
Zoology, Comparative Anatomy, Ecology, Embryology, Invertebrate
Morphology and Ichthyology ; also opportunities for research work and .
accommodations for investigators as in previous years. The opportunities .
offered are especially good for Entomology and for fresh-water conditions,
and special attention is given to the aquatic life of the locality. Oppor-
tunities for research work in these directions are very favourable.
Independent investigators are given the use of tables free of charge, but
are expected to furnish their own microscopes and other apparatus. The
locality is an excellent one for summer work, the laboratory being situated
on the point separating Sandusky Bay from Lake Erie, with its frontage on
a fine beach. For circulars or information address the Director, Professor
Herbert Osborn, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Mailed April 6th, 1908.
EXCHANGES.
Subscribers are invited to mate toeral use of this column. Notices over three lines
are diable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.
LEPIDOPTERA.— Will exchange specimens of Lepidoptera, collected in
Florida, with collectors in other localities. GEO. DORNER, Fort Meade, Fla.
WANTED. Bulletins Biol. Survey, 2, 3. 4, 113 Bureau Ent. (old series) 1 5:
8-13, 10, 18, 26, 30, 31, 33 Ehave for exchange many Ent. Reports and Station
Bulls, Entomological Circulars, Farmers’ Bulls, Pubs. of N. Am, Fauna, etc.--
ENTOMOLOGIST, Delaware Expt. Station, Newark, Del.
WANTED IN EXCHANGE, or for cash, during the coming: season, fertile eggs
ef the Apantesis group, especially of the Southern and Western States. -M.
Rornke, 807 Harrison Ave., Seranton, Pa.
Wastep. Cerambycidie, Cicindelidæ and other Coleoptera in exchange for
same from this locality. Bound Vol. 1, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1807 8, to exchange
for Horn’s Monograph of the Tenebrionida:.—C. A. FRrosr, go Grant St, South
Framingham, Mass.
MALACOSOMA DISSIRIA. — Eggs wanted for experimental purposes by J. W.
H. HARrRIsos, St Abingdon Road, Middlesbrough, Enyland.
INDIAN INSECFS in allorders. Fine specimens of P. mayo, Kal. albofasciata,
Hestia cadelli, ete., from Andaman IS, and T. imperialis, A. camadera,
Phylliums, Phasmids and Live Cocoons trom Darjeeling and Assam. Write for
prices to A. MEIK, 4 Convent Rd, Entally, Calcutta.
DyTiscip.k. Canadian examples wanted. Will gladly name material in this
family and Haliplidae. and can offer good exchange. Cris. Hh ROBERTS, 10
Washington Place, New York.
HEPIALUS DHULE te exchange for other rare Ne. A. Hepialidie not in my
collection, PE Hi. LAMAN, 74 MeTavish Street, Montreal, Canada.
COLEOPPER AL - Many papers by LeConte, Horn, Fall and others to exchange
for Buprestidie and Ceranibveidie. List on application, G. CHAGNON, PLO,
box 180, Montreal, Canada.
LIVMENOPTERA AND COLEOPTERA, both European and Exotic, offered in
exchange for Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Decapod Crustaceans of Canada
and the United States. Dtuciatssoy. Caudebesc-les-Elbeuf, Seine Infericure,
France.
CORROU FERA bout 1,300 species oF U.S. Coleoptera. and also many
from Mexico cent Gaatennala, for exchange. WHE give a set of Callichroma
etanche scum der a specimen of Mocuohammus iarmorator DR. GEO, W,
Bock, nous lem Ve. St. bonis, Mo.
Lait DR) Weer tat ed où untiuned. Wii bas oor exchange. Write
Brae, dust ore. Pep tet men, SATS ‘rom fie N.-W.. Arizona, New Mexico, NX.
Lu Less ut Plas MS PR Re DM EEE sea Piane St. Newark, No J.
Pire ef tetes ene has re feed soecimens of Papaipema, nitela,
Nebris, tod: ati tes dered bess teargivtcens., Nonagria oblonga, and
Nchatedle a cece 5 we ai Tbe RU a eo yenera.- FE, MUESER, 238
Guittor! Sr, Portbeades, N.Y.
Cou CINE Ro i. Beobrctikeb ios Penhres ist Nepticuie and Lithocolletis of
the world destred for cash or exchange DR. Crk. SerikoOpLrR, Schwabische-
strasse io, Berlin Wy je, Germany.
b
F
Che Ganadiay Fontomologist
eme
—
ee
VoL. XL. LONDON, MAY, 1908. No. 5.
TYPE AND TYPICAL.*
BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.
These terms are used in such different senses by different authors
that confusion is sometimes caused, and it is much to be desired that some
authoritative body of naturalisis should accurately define their proper use,
and then that alt other naturalists should accept the decision and conform
to it even if it does not agree with their own individual opinions.
My thoughts have been recently turned in this direction by reading
the Annual Presidential Address of Mr. Charles Owen Waterhouse, read
before the Entomological Society of London on the rsth of January last.
In his address Mr. Waterhouse urges, and in my opinion rightly, that
accuracy and stability of nomenclature are of more importance than the
observance of the strict letter of the law of priority, but we differ in our
views as to the use of the word type.
Mr. Waterhouse urges, as others have done, that there should be only
one type specimen for each species, and that that type specimen should
be the standard for all time, while I hold that a species should never be
founded upon one specimen where that can be avoided.
We agree, however, in regarding the preservation of type specimens
as of the greatest importance.
Mr. Waterhouse, pointing out the different ways in which different
authors use the word type, especially mentioning that some regard all the
specimens which they had before them when describing a new species as
types, and distribute them as such, says: “ Some thirty-five years ago I
saw the danger arising from this loose way of using the word, and applied
the word “type” to the actual specimen described when that could be
determined, and called the other examples, mentioned by an author,
*co-types.’ Some years afterwards my colleague, Mr. Oldfield Thomas,
proposed (P. Z. S., 1893, p. 242) the terms para-type, topo-type and meta-
type, and all these are useful in their way, but we are both agreed that the
word type should be restricted to the actual specimen upon which the
species is founded.”
*Read before the Montreal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario,
Feb. 8th, 1908.
142 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST.
‘ Another similar term, viz., homo-type, has also been proposed, but it
may, perhaps, be objected to all these terms except co-type, the meaning
of which might seem to be sufficiently obvious, that a glossary is necessary
to explain them, and even the word co-type seems to be used in different
ways, as Dr. J. B. Smith, in his “Explanation of terms used in
Entomology,” explains the word as follows :
‘ Co-types are all the specimens before the describer when a species
is named, no single one being selected as the type ; the type in such case
equals the sum of the co-types.”
This is using the word in a different sense from that in which Mr.
Waterhouse and others use it, but it is the sense in which Mr. Oldfield
Thomas defined it, Proc. Zoo. Soc., 1893, he adding: ‘No species would
have both type and co-types, but either the former or two or more of the
latter.”
Para-type is defined by Dr. Smith as ‘‘ every specimen of the series
from which the type was selected,” and it is in that sense that Mr. Water-
house and others use the term co-type.
Meta-type is defined by Dr. Smith as ‘‘a specimen named by the
author after comparison with the type,” but according to Mr. Oldfield
Thomas, it must also be from the original locality, and so also be a topo-
type.
Homo-type, on the other hand, 1s ‘a specimen named by another
than the author after comparison with the type,” and topo-type is ‘‘a
specimen collected in the exact locality whence the original type was
obtained.”
It always appears to me that any unnecessary addition to the already
vast number of technical terms is to be deprecated, as imposing an
additional burden upon amateurs and beginners, and it would seem to be
simpler to label a specimen “compared with type” than to label it
‘“homo-type,” and when a specimen is compared with a type by anyone
other than the owner of the specimen, the name of the comparer should
be put on the label, as the value of such comparison is directly in propor-
tion to the ability of the one who makes it. My objection to having a
single type, when additional specimens, which are undoubtedly of the same
species, are available, is that in the former case a specimen is described
instead of a species. |
er — 7
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 :
One good specimen of a coin is sufficient for description, but insects
are not stamped from dies like coins, and all species vary more or less,
and if an author has before him a fair representation of the range of
variation of the species, his description can be made to much better cover
the species than if drawn up from a single specimen. Of course, it is of
the greatest importance that all danger of having more than one species in
the series selected be avoided, but even should such an error be made,
the plan which I have adopted would work automatically to establish the
species intended. My plan is to number all the types. The best, and
what I believe to be the most typical ¢, I name type No. 1, and the best
and most typical ® type No. 2. The others are numbered consecutively,
as far as possible, according to their closeness to type No. 1. Should,
unfortunately, another species be discovered among the types, it must be
given a new name, type No. 1 being the final standard for the species.
Should type No. 1 be unfortunately destroyed, type No. 2 would then
become the final standard.
When a species is very distinct and not very closely allied to any
other species, types of any kind are of minor importance, as, for instance,
in the case of such a species as Vanessa Antiopa, the preservation of the
type would be of no consequence beyond the interest necessarily attaching
to a specimen described by the great Linnæus.
When the type of a species has been lost or destroyed, a topo-type
might be of great importance in re-establishing the species.
In the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1862, Mr. W. H. Edwards
described a species under the name of Lycana Pembina. The types were
brought from the shores of Lake Winnipeg by R. W. Kennicott. Unfor-
tunately, the types. were afterwards lost, and Mr. Edwards could not
afterwards certainly identify anything as the same. Strecker thought he
had identified it with the species later described by Grote under the name
Glaucopsyche Couperi, but he afterwards admitted his error, and in his
catalogue designated it as unknown to him. Scudder thought, after a
“ prolonged study ” of all the N. A. Blues, that it was the same as Lycena
Lycea, Edw., of which Z. Arapahoe, Reak., is accounted a synonym, but
that also proved erroneous. In such a case as that, topo-types would be
exceedingly valuable, and should render it possible to clear up the mystery
surrounding the name.
144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
I now come to the consideration of the word Typical. This naturally
means agreeing with the type, but what type? The authors type from
which he described the species, or a specimen agreeing with the general
average of the species in nature? Surely it should be used in the latter
sense, which is the common every-day sense of the term. Some species
have unfortunately been described from aberrant specimens, but it is
surely absurd to call an aberrant specimen typical of the species ?
In 1863 Grote described in the Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., a species of
Tiger moth under the name Arctia Anna, the hind wings and abdomen
being entirely black. Three months later he described in the same
volume what he considered to be another species, under the name Arctia
Persephone, in which the hind wings were yellow, with black markings,
both specimens having been received from the same collector. Later it
was found that they were only varieties of the same species, and though
Anna is very rare, that name is given to the species, while Persephone, the
common form, which probably outnumbers the Azza form fifty to one, is
classed as a variety. Surely that is unnatural and ridiculous ?
What difference could it make to Mr. Grote’s credit whether we write
Arctia Anna, Grote, Arctia Persephone, Grote,
var. Persephone, Grote, or var. Anna, Grote ?
While the first represents a foolish worship of the Law of Priority,
the second shows the true relationship in Nature. Even had they been
described by different authors, I would follow the same practice, as it
would make no difference to the authors, while it would make the nomen-
clature agree with nature.
NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN BEES.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.
The genus Vomra doubtless originated in the Old World, where it is
abundant and varied. In America it has few species, though one (4.
jensent, Friese) exists as far south as the Argentine. The genus may
perhaps have reached America about the saine time (and doubtless by the
same route) as the Elephantide.
Nomia ekuivensts, sp. nov.
gd .—Length about 814 mm., anterior wing 6; black, with a strongly
clavate abdomen ; pubescence dull white (not at all fulvous or yellow) ;
May, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145
head large and broad; front and vertex dull and rough; face covered
with hair; mandibles dark; antennæ dark, flagellum with a ferruginous
streak at base beneath ; palpi dark ; tongue rather short, dagger-shaped ;
mesothorax shining, with strong and mostly wellseparated punctures ;
scutellum prominent but not bigibbous, very shiny, with sparse punctures;
area of metathorax plicate basally; tegulæ of ordinary size, rufo-
piceous ; wings strongly infuscated in the apical field, iridescent, nervures
and stigma piceous; second s. m. nearly square, but a little oblique,
receiving the first r. n. at or very slightly beyond its middle ; third
s. m. large, scarcely shorter than first ; legs black, slender, tarsi brown,
the hind ones quite pallid; hind legs not modified ; abdomen shining,
finely punctured, hind margins of segments depressed and with thin
hair-bands : most of fourth ventral segment depressed and covered with
hair. |
ÆHab.—Ekuiva Valley, W. Africa, 1907 (Wellman). N. producta,
Smith, from Natal, and W. andrei, Vachal, from the French Congo, also
have a claviform abdomen. The following table separates the males :
Clypeus greatly produced ; first r. n. joining second t. c...producta, Sm.*
Clypeus normal
cece e eee eee esse rs C
1. Head and mesothorax sculptured alike ............... andrei, Vach.
Head and mesothorax sculptured quite differently ....ekwivensis, CkIl.
Nomia Welwitschi, sp. iiov.
4 , 9.—Length about ro mm., black, the head and thorax with dense,
coarse pubescence, strongly ochreous on thorax above, otherwise pallid ;
wings strongly and broadly infuscated apically; hind margins of abdôminal
segments broadly whitish or reddish, with hair-bands. |
d .«— Head broad ; orbits converging below ; face broad, very hairy .
antennæ dark, ordinary, flagellum dull red beneath; vertex with rough,
dense sculpture; mesothorax very densely rugosopunctate ; scutellum
normal, rugosopunctate and dull; metathorax with a subbasal ridge,
above which is a narrow (almost linear) area, which is shining and some-
what plicatulate ; tegulz ordinary, piceous, pallid in front ; wings reddish
"Since writing the above, I have determined that Nomia producta, Smith
(Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1875), is not a Nomia at all, but a Thrinchostoma. For the
Venational characters, see Ckil., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXXI, p. 322 The
tame producta was earlier used for a different Zhrinchostoma, so the Nomia pro-
a, Sm., may be known as Zhrinchostoma nomicformis, n. n.
146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
subhyaline, the apical region with a dark cloud; nervures and stigma
dark, stigma small ; second s. m. broad, receiving first r. n. beyond the
middle ; legs red, the coxæ and trochanters black, and the femora black
above ; anterior tarsi fringed with long hair; middle femora short
and rather swollen, very shiny ; hind femora greatly incrassated, concave
beneath, with a sharp tooth on inner side beyond the middle ; hind tibiæ
enlarged, subtriangular, with a broad, blunt, apical lamina, but no tooth
on inner side ; abdomen broad, with hair-bands on all the segments, apex
rounded, bright ferruginous.
9 .—Legs black ; abdominal bands golden-fulvous.
Hab.—Ekuiva Valley, W. Africa, 2 g’s, 1 9, 1907, one of the males
at flowers of Geigeria (Wellman). The species ts named after
Welwitsch, the well-known African traveller, who collected bees in Angola
many years ago. By the clouded wings and other characters this closely
resembles M nubecula, Smith, from Sierra Leone, but it differs from
nubecula by the dark mandibles (only slightly ferruginous in the middle),
the dark scape, the form of the scutellum, the dark tegulæ, etc. The
face is broad, whereas in VW. #ubecula (of Ckll., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
XXXI, p. 322) itis narrow. In the form of the hind legs VV. Welwitschi
resembles JV. patellifera, Westw., except that the tibial process is shorter
and blunter.
Lomia Wellman, sp. nov.
9 .—Length 10 mm. or a little less, robust, black, the apex of the
abdomen covered with shining orange-ferruginous hair, and the hind
margins of the third to fifth segments with broad hair-bands of the same
colour, that on the fifth dense, those on the other two paler and thinner,
very thin on middle of third ; a little of the same hair at sides of second
segment ; all this giving an appearance just like that of the Australian W.
australica, Smith, as seen from a little distance.
Head and thorax very densely rugosopunctate; face very broad, rather
thinly covered with coarse whitish hair ; antennæ black, flagellum more or
less red beneath; mandibles black, with long golden hairs beneath ;
tongue rather long, linear ; labial palpi elongated, with the first joint
longer than the other three united; maxillary palpi slender; thorax with
coarse, dull white hair ; tegulz ordinary, shining piceous, whitish in front;
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147
scutellum and postscutellum ordinary ; metathorax with a transverse
subbasal ridge, very prominent, enclosing a band-like shining area which
is more or less plicate ; legs black, the tarsi (especially the hind tarsi)
broad ; anterior basitarsi, and apex of their tibiæ, with orange hair; apex
of hind basitarsus fringed with bright orange hair ; base of hind basitarsus
above ferruginous ; abdomen broad, densely punctured ; wings dusky, the
apical margin broadly darker; stigma ferruginous, nervures rather pale
brown : marginal cell very obtuse at apex; second s. m. very broad,
receiving first r. n. beyond its middle.
/fab.—Hinterland of Benguella, W. Africa, Jan. 3, 1908, taken with
many other bees at a patch of flowering Composite, Othonna and
Geigeria spp. (Wellman). This species is not truly congeneric with such
forms as W. ckuivensis, but I should prefer to examine a larger series of
the African species commonly assigned to Vomia before proposing any
segregated genera. |
Nomia Bakeri, Ckil., 1898.
This species was described from the male only. A female was taken
by Mr. S. A. Rohwer at Boulder, Colorado, Sept. 16, 1907. It agrees with
the male, except in the usual sexual characters ; the tibiz and tarsi are
entirely clear ferruginous, with yellowish-white hair, The sixth abdominal
segment is clothed in the middle with appressed bright orange-ferruginous
hair. The wings are very yellow, with the apical margin broadly
infuscated.
Calliopsis coloradensis, Cresson, 1878.
6 .—Length, 8 mm.; black, with abundant white pubescence ; face,
knees, tibiz and tarsi lemon-yellow, the small apical joints of the tarsi
ferruginous. The abdomen is broad and flattish, like that of a female;
the hind margins of the segments are rather broadly hyaline, with thin
white hair-bands. Head broad; eyes green; labrum yellow, prominent,
concave, with a central dark spot; mandibles yellow except apically ;
supraclypeal and dog-ear marks present; lateral face-marks large,
extending above level of supraclypeal mark, ending in an acute angle on
the orbital margin : scape yellow in front ; flagellum ferruginous beneath ;
Prothorax yellow above; tubercles dark ; wings clear, nervures and
stigma ferruginous ; anterior femora with the apical half in front yellow;
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
middle tibiæ with a black spot behind, but Aid tibia
Closely related to C. andreniformis, Smith, but much
much broader face, and the femora mainly black. It is also
ger and broader-faced than C. rhodophitus, Ckll.
Colorado, at flowers of Grindelia perennis, Nelson, August
r).
description of the male of this species is very short, but I
no doubt about the identity of our insect. There is in this
sexual difference in the first abdominal segment, which is
losely and minutely punctured in the males than in the
kil., was based on a male of this group, easily dis-
Im coloradensis by the colour of the legs and the smaller size.
(CkIL) is very like ch/orops, but the eyes in both sexes have
lle colour, instead of the characteristic green of chlorops and
species common at Phcenix, Arizona, at flowers of
‘eter otheca, etc.) hitherto regarded as coloratipes, has green
ust be associated with ci/Jorops though
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 149
FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA.
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALBERTA.
€ “Whe numbers refer to my list previously published in this magazine.)
mu. Danais archippus, Fabr.—Both Mr. Willing and Mr. Gregson
wiott™™a me that there can be no doubt that the species breeds here. It is
not likely, however, that it survives the winter in any stage.
3a. Argynnis leto, Behr.—I have had a few specimens sent me as
this Species from Utah and Idaho. The males differ from eastern cybele
mainly in being less heavily marked with black, especially in the outer
tow of round spots in the interspaces, with a distinct tendency towards
the gradual obliteration of all: markings near the apex, and in having
smaller metallic spots beneath. My only female of these is pale straw
stead of pale red as in typical cyde/e, and both sexes agree well with
Holland’s figures. Some Calgary specimens taken since my last list was
published closely approximate these, though I cannot see that they are
superficially separable from the local cybee, as they appear to grade
through. My only local female of either, taken in cop. with one of the
Most intermediate males, is considerably paler in colour than eastern
females, but except in being much smaller, otherwise approximate them
father than my Idaho specimens. In short, what I have listed as cybdele
stems strictly referable to neither so-called species. |
4. A. cypris, Edw.—The species is, without much doubt, identical
With cypris g sent me from Denver, Colo., which, however, is somewhat
ficher in colour. The resemblance of the local form to the paler forms of
lais is very close, and confusion is easy without a good knowledge of
both. Though nearly all Calgary specimens that I have seen are a little
larger, a series I took last summer on the Gleichen prairie, as well as some
submitted to me by Mr. Crocker from Redvers, Sask., are decidedly
iraller than Calgary /aés. The apices are more acute, and outer margin
sty slightly concave instead of straight or slightly convex as in /afs. The
Veins of primaries are much less prominently black marked. Another
difference is in the greater length and thickness in cypris of the tuft of
‘tuts on the subcostal vein of secondaries. Also, this tuft, as well as the
est of the hairs near the inner margin, show, in certain lights, a very
distinct violaceous reflection, quite characteristic of the species, and not
Sen in /ais. These remarks apply to the male. I have only one
undoubted female, taken in cop. Other females scarcely differ, but
May, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
species is harder to separate from /aés in this sex than in
tra, Edw.—The separation of local material into two species
electra is quite out of the question. Af/antis is strictly
s distinguished from the rest of the group is larger, has
markings, including a wider outer border, and a narrower
heath. Of electra from Colorado, its described district, I
pair, but cannot see any difference whatsoever from the
idely distributed throughout the Rockies and Selkirks of
America, including the prairie-bounding hills in the west-
n of Alberta. The darker forms found in that region,
maller, approximate the eastern species so very closely as to
jon more than difficult. The lighter end of the series is the
ion the Albertan prairies, whence this form was described.
resent consists of and
ime to time closely examined a very much greater number.
two males from Windermere, four from Kaslo, one from
males and five females from the Rockies, along the line of
th
sixty males and about thirty females
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Icyone, and these differ most obviously from the local speci-
paler in both colour and basal shading above, and lighter in
Ë to my former references to coronis, Behr., under this heading,
ells me that the types of that species came from Mare’s
rancisco, now built over or otherwise spoilt entomologically.
Edwards’s identification of the species was erroneous, and
F having now been destroyed in the San Francisco fire, the
of the species is doubtful. I took a pair in cop. at Brisco,
Upper Columbia, about thirty-five miles below Windermere,
lof last year, which are probably the same as the Calgary
male, however, is washed with green beneath rather than
at first mistook it for Meadti or Nevadensis, but it agrees
latina-halcyone series in other respect It reflects brown
ts, which Calgary Afeadii do not, and nearly all of the local
green iridescence as well as the brown, suggesting that the
natic rather than pigmentary. Another 2, taken at the same
e, is also greener than any Calgary specimens. ‘The varia-
e to suspect that this species may, in some localities,
confused with Wevadensis or Mead
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153.
me
But I have found nothing amongst north-western material examined that I
can treat as distinct under the name ƣdwardsit, by which the form
generally passes, and as which it was probably recorded from ‘Alberta by
Geddes. Mevadensis is smaller, though about right in colour, and is more
lightly shaded basally, with the veins less black, and the green paler.
Colorado Aeadii, as to basal shading and black, is even a little too dark.
The shape of the silver spots agrees with the local form, though the green
encroaches more on the buff band, differing in this respect from
Nevadensis. The Calgary species, however, differs rather markedly from
either Mevadensis or true AMeadii in the tint of the green, this being,
especially in the female, almost a peacock d/ue. . An exception must be
made with the Stockton, Utah, pair, which approximate the local form so
Much more nearly than any of the rest, that I have at times rather doubted
the genuineness of the labels.
17. A. Alberta, Edw.—Mrs. Nicholl and I met with the species in
ne condition on several mountains near Laggan, far above the timber
line, from July 19th onwards, in 1904. The lower spurs and shoulders of |
Mts, Fairview and Piran are easily accessible to an energetic amateur
hillclimber (I may remark that the “hills” are a bit steep !), and good
hunting grounds for this species. The ridge leading from Fairview to the
Castle Crags holds the species, and is partly smooth, even ground, but
Gangerously precipitous on the Lake Louise side. It is best reached via
the trail right up to Saddle-Back, and thence over nearly the summit of
Fiirview. A long low spur of Mt. Piran, on the side next Mts. White
and Victoria, is also an excellent hunting ground, easy to run on, and not
à bit dangerous. The insect is far easier to capture than as/arte, and,
Unlike that species, the sexes were taken in about equal numbers. It
Usually flies close to the ground, frequently settles, and when approached
does not rise quickly nor high. Mrs. Nicholl subsequently found it
Widely distributed between Laggan and Field. Bean records the capture
ofa pair on a mountain near Hector, B. C. (Edwards Butt. N. Am., Vol.
II!), and Mrs. Nicholl captured specimens on a mountain rising from the
lower end of Wapta Lake at Hector, near Lake O’Hara, and at the
Yerÿ head of the Yoho Valley, the latter at about 8,000 feet. She also
met with it in abundance during the latter part of July of last year (1907),
00 a trip from Laggan to the head waters of the Athabasca. She writes:
“Alberta fairly swarmed in places. I got twenty-five in one day on the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ox Peak. I think it prefers slate mountains, and likes steep
It was very common on Wilcox Pass.” Her record of the
t year is of particular interest, as Mr. Bean never met with
xcept in even digited years, and believed it to be a biennial
tarte, Doubl.-Hew.—We found this on the same dates in
ons to the last, but even more widely distributed, and the
er up. ‘The extreme summits of Mts. Fairview (8,875 ft.)
10 ft.) both held the species in some numbers. I saw a
Peak (7,900 feet) just east of Fairview, as late as 5 o'clock
on. À few were to be seen considerably below the peaks,
Ip is the favourite playground of the males. Its flight is
. Two or three would often meet in playful gyrations, and
w seconds to a height of fifty or a hundred feet above the
eak, then separate as suddenly and descend in different
continue their rapid, dodgy flight amongst the sometimes
ingly hot rocks. I was using a short-handled, wide-mouthed
rs. Nicholl had a rather narrow-mouthed one, but with a
This fact, added to superior dexterity in handling it,
156 THE CANADIAN EN1OMOLOGIST.
33. Limenitis arthemis, Dru.—Fairly common on the Red Deer
River bottoms wherever there are willows.
34. Cœnonympha typhon, Rett., var. laidon, Bork. —This, according
to Dr. Skinner’s Revision of the genus, is the correct name for the species,
inornata being placed as a synonym. My tentative reference to ochkracea
proves erroneous. I have at present thirty-six males and fifteen females |
in my series, and have examined a large number more without being able :
to make two species. Many of the males that I have from the prairie
round Gleichen are somewhat heavily suffused with fuscous, both above
and beneath, and yet I have a paler male from there than any in my
south-west of Calgary series. One of the Gleichen specimens lacks all trace
of the pale bands beneath. Only one very small male (24 mm.) lacks
ocelli. Nearly all others have ocellus on primaries above, usually very
faint, rarely black pupilled. The corresponding black, pale-ringed ocellus
beneath is usually pale pupilled, rarely obsolete. The secondaries beneath
are often without ocelli, or there may be one or two small ones, and rarely
traces of even four or five. None have the sub-basal ochreous patches
which seem to be characteristic of ochracea. The females are paler than
the males. |
35. Ærcbia discoidalis, Kirby, has been seen as early as April 18th,
1902.
36. Æ. disa, Thunb., var. mancinus, Doubl.- Hew.— After a long hunt
for it, with sundry chases after pipsodea, Mrs. Nicholl and I caught six fine
specimens of this butterfly in a lightly fir-timbered swamp near the foot of
the north end of Sulphur Mountain, Banff, scarcely ten minutes’ walk from
the Sanitarium, on July rst last. We saw more than double that number,
but they escaped by disappearing into thicker timber. It appeared to be
very local, and not at all common. I think Mrs. Nicholl took a female.
She subsequently met with it far north of Laggan. She writes: “ I got
none on the Piperstone Creek, which I think is too dry for the species.
But on the Saskatchewan, in one place, I saw several, and caught two,
both in bad order.” ‘That would be about the end of July.
38. Satyrus alope, Fab., var. nephele, Kirby. Most of the speci-
mens fit Holland’s figures of o/ympus better than any of the other
forms. Specimens from Chicago received under this name match them
pretty closely, but are slightly darker beneath, and have more ocelli on
secondaries.
(To be continued.)
. 2
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST. 157
LIST OF HEMIPTERA TAKEN BY W. J. PALMER, ABOUT
QUINZE LAKE, P. QUE. IN 1907.
BY E. P. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y.
(Continued from page 116.)
TETTIGONHDA.
Oncometopia costalis, Fabt.— Apparently common.
Tettizonia gothica, Sign.—Taken at Temagami.
Diedrocephala coccinea, Forst.—A most beautiful species, which
seems to have been abundant at all places where Mr. Palmer collected.
Dreculacephala mollipes, Say.— Taken at Quinze Lake only.
Dreculacephala noveboracensis, Fitch.—Quinze Lake. Apparently
common.
Gypona Quebecensis, Prov.— Common at all stations.
J ASSIDA.
Platymetopius acutus, Say.—Taken in numbers at Temiskamingue.
Platymetopius latus, Baker.—With the last, and at Bear Island in
Lake Temagami and about Quinze Lake. This species, which I have
taken in New York, Ohio, Colorado and Utah, has been a difficult form
to place. The larger and paler specimens from Utah have been deter-
: mined for me as Baker’s /afus, and in all essential characters they seem to
agree fairly well with the description of that species. From these paler
forms they run by almost insensible gradations in form and colour toward
the smaller and darker acufus. In all, however, the vertex is longer, the
oblique veins of the costa are more regularly placed, and the face 1s either
entirely pale or but slightly infuscated exteriorly, with the basal angular
pale line never entirely obsolete. I believe these should be separated
from 9 acutus, but whether they are the true /atus of Baker is perhaps
questionable. This species, acutus, Say, and /ronfalis, Van D. are
common and widely distributed. The closely-allied cuprescens, Osborn,
I have taken at PhϾnicia, Colden and Gowanda, N. Y., always on springy
spots among the hills. | |
Platymetopius obscurus, Osborn.—Barrier Lake. Two examples. This
is an interesting addition to the Canadian fauna. It was described by
Prof. Osborn from material taken in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio.
It has the infuscated face found in fuscifrons, but most closely resembles
acufus, than which it is smaller, stouter and has a shorter vertex. Of this
cosmopolitan genus fifteen species have thus far been recorded from
May, sq
158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMULOGIST.
America, north of Mexico. Provancher’s Platymetopius acutus is the
species here identified as /a/us, while his magda/ensis is the acutus of Say.
Platymetopius ornatus, Baker, has been placed in genus Dicyphonia by
Dr. Bail.
Deltocephalus Sayi, Fitch.—Apparently common.
Deltocephalus abdominalis, Fabr.—Five examples were taken at
Temiskamingue, Quinze Lake and Barrier River. This species may be
roughly distinguished from the green examples of dedi/is by their having
the base of the front abruptly black.
Deltocephalus affinis, Baker.—-Temiskamingue and Barrier Lake. In
compliance with the now generally accepted synonomy of this species, I
have applied this name to the species formerly determined by me as
Melscheimeri, Fh. .
Deltocephalus Melscheimeri, Fitch.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake. One
example. This is a smaller and more slender species than the preceding,
and much less abundant.
Deltocephalus inimicus, Say.—Common at all places where Mr.
Palmer collected.
Athysanus instabilis, Van D.—Temiskamingue and Quinze Lake.
Three examples. These specimens are typical ##stabilis, which Osborn
and Ball identify with the European striatu/us, Fall., in which they are
very likely correct, but as my material does not agree with any descriptions
of that species accessible to me, I prefer for the present to place it under
a name of which I am certain, leaving it to future study to settle the
synonomy.
Athysanus, sp.—Two examples, representing both sexes, were
taken with the preceding. This isa smaller and more slender species,
which may be best distinguished by the pale gray elytra with the areoles
but obscurely bordered with darker, by the conspicuously white or pale
yellow margins to the black abdomen, by its having the pygofers of the
female whitish, with their base and the oviduct black, and by the mostly
pale legs. This is the species listed as striatu/us in my list of the
Hemiptera taken by Mr. Palmer at Lake Temagami.
Phlepsius apertus, Van D.—Three examples from about Quinze
Lake. An interesting species that finds its home in the far north.
Phlepsius fulvidorsum, Fitch.—Two specimens taken with the last.
Scaphoideus immistus, Say.—Taken at White Rapids and abowt
Quinze Lake.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISC. 159
Thamnotettix eburata, Van D.—Temagami. One example. In 1906
Mr. Palmer took a good series at the same locality.
Thamnotettix, sp.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake. Two examples.
Thamnotettix inornata, Van D.—Temiskamingue and Quinze Lake.
Thamnotettix flavovirens, Gill. and Baker.—Temiskamingue P.O.
and Barrier Lake. Five examples. - This pretty little green species was
described from Colorado, and I have in my collection a specimen from
Vancouver Island. So far as I know this is its first recorded occurrence
in the east.
Chiorotettix unicolor, F itch.—Taken at all stations where Mr. Palmer |
collected, and apparently common.
Balclutha, sp.—Temiskamingue, One example. I have taken this
species at Hamburg, N. Y.
Cicadula punctifrous, Fall—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake. One
example.
Cicadula variata, Fall. —One specimen from Temiskamingue.
Cicadula arcuata, G. & B.—Three examples taken at Temis-
kamingue and Quinze Lake. Last year I listed this as Cicadula lepida,
Van D.
Cicadula 6-notata, Fall.—Barrier River. Two specimens.
Cicadula lineatifrons, Stal.—Three examples of what I believe to be
this species were taken at Barrier River and Quinze Lake. These are
larger than 6-nofafa, with the vertex more produced. All of them have
two black points on the vertex near the hind margin, very faint in one
individual ; and in two the basal angles of the scutellum are black, other-
wise they agree closely with Stal’s description. There is a transverse line
on the vertex anteriorly and another on the edge of the head, both
interrupted in the middle, and the commissural nervure is fuscous, broadly
interrupted with white.
TYPHLOCYBID&.
Empoasca obtusa, Walsh.—Barrier River. One example.
Empoasca unicolor, Gill—Taken in numbers at all places where
collecting was done. This is one of our most abundant and generally
distributed species in the Northern States and Canada.
Empoasca splendida, Gi\l.—Two examples that certainly belong here
Were taken at Temiskamingue P.O. by Mr. Palmer.
Empoasca atrolabes, Gill—Numbers of this species were taken with
the preceding and at Barrier River. This species and sp/endida seem to
160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
run together by insensible gradations, not only in colour, but in the form
of the last ventral segment of the female, and it would not be surprising
if eventually they would have to be united, as suggested by their describer.
Typhlocyba bifasciata, Gill and Bak.— Temiskamingue and Barrier
Lake. oe
PSYLLIDÆ.
Psylia carpini, Fitch.—Not uncommon at various localities.
Psylla, sp.—Three examples of a smaller species were taken at
Temiskamingue.
SOME COLEOPTERA AFFECTING THE HONEY LOCUST.
BY C. O. HOUGHTON, NEWARK, DEL., ENTOMOLOGIST, AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT STATION.
On a farm near Newcastle, Delaware, there ts quite a strip of honey
locust (Gleditschia triacanthos, Linn.), hedge, which I have visited two
or three times during the past two years. This hedge appears to have
been injured by fire at some time, and certain sections of it are now
entirely dead. Other sections are very thrifty, while between the dead
and living sections may be found parts that are partly dead and partly
alive.
My first visit to the hedge was on June 12th, 1906, and my attention
was drawn to it owing to the large number of specimens of Agri/us fallax,
Say, which I found upon it. Whether or not they were feeding upon the
leaves I did not determine, but it seems probable that they were. At
any rate, they were present in large numbers, and several were seen
pairing. About fifty specimens were taken in a short time—the first of
this species that I had ever seen.
Owing to the presence of such large numbers of this species on the
hedge that day, I thought it probable that these beetles were breeding in
its dead or dying wood, and I resolved to return to the place the next
spring to collect some of this and attempt to breed 4. fa/lax therefrom.
A few branches which were broken off at that time and brought home
were found to contain Buprestid larvw. One of these which 1 examined
measured 5 mm. in length by 1.75 mm. in breadth, at the greatest width ;
another 6.5 mm. by 1.75 mm. ‘The brief notes which I made on the
larvæ at that time are as follows: ‘White; mandibles brown, tipped:
with black.”
May, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161
—— Se 0
To illustrate the biting power of these small larvæ, one which I
allowed to seize the point of a dissecting needle held itself suspended
therefrom, at an angle of about 45 degrees, for a period of nearly two
minutes.
No attempt was made to rear these larvee, but on June 10, 1907, I
again visited the hedge and collected a suit-case full of the wood. ‘This
was principally dead, but I made it a point not to get that which was too
old and brittle, as some of it which I examined on the ground did not
appear to contain any wood-boring larvee—nor did I find any in the living
wood which I secured.
This material was brought home and examined, and it was found
that there were apparently several kinds of living larve therein. It was,
therefore, cut up into suitable lengths and placed in air-tight glass jars,
or glass cylinders with cotton batting at top and bottom, and set away in
my laboratory. The first beetle bred from these dead branches appeared
June 11, and proved to be Meoclytus erythrocephalus, Fab. Other
specimens of this species emerged later.
On June 20 a specimen of Clerus guadriguttatus, Oliv., was found
alive in one of the jars, and several other specimens of this species
appeared later. It is probable that their larvæ were feeding upon the
larvæ of some of the wood-borers in the Gledttschia, as most of the Clerid
larvæ appear to be carnivorous. On June 24 three specimens of Ziopus
fascicularis, Harr., all alive, were found in one of the jars ; also a speci-
men of Afclanophthalma distinguenda, Com., and one of Liopus varie-
gatus, Hald. Another specimen of the latter species had emerged a few
days earlier, but escaped.
A specimen of Zropideres rectus, Lec., emerged June 29 or 30. The
pupal cell of this specimen had been opened when the branches were cut
up. At this time it contained a larva. The pupa was observed several
days before the adult emerged, but the exact length of time of the pupa
stage was not determined.
On July 1 a specimen of Æcyrus dasycerus, Say, emerged, also one |
of Phyton pallidum, Say. Like Clerus quadriguttatus, this Clerid was
(as a larva) doubtless feeding upon the larvz of the wood-borers.
No specimens of Agrilus fallax, the species which I most expected
to secure from the G/edifschia, emerged. However, when cutting up the
branches from the jars, a living Buprestid larva similar to if not identical
with the larvee found in 1906, was found, which I thought was probably a
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ispecies. At that time it measured probably about 6 mm. in
thought that possibly it might soon pupate. This. it failed
er, but continued to work in the piece of branch all summer.
letermine whether this larve was still alive at the end of the
ed up its burrow on Dec. 30, 1907, and soon located it. It
ly thriving, although it had been in the dry branch in a hot
summer, and had increased somewhat in s I have made
r it since, but have hopes that eventually I may find a
4. fallax in the cylinder.
ecies has been recorded as affecting the locust (Robinia
but I have seen no reference to its occurrence in G/editschia,
ates that the habits of A. fa//ax are similar to those of
of the latter species he says: “Infests locust (Robinia
mining under the bark and twigs of the smaller branches,
ating the leaves.” In further notes on A. fallax he says:
onal collection is a series from Central Missouri, labelled by
n locust, and another series from Towa similarly labelled by
. V. Riley. Among Divisional notes is one of the occur-
stated to be this species under the bark of cottonwood,
THE CANADIAN. ENTOMOLOGIST. 163
TWO CANADIAN SPECIES OF PSEUDOSCOR PIONS.
BY EDV. ELLINGSEN, KRAGERO, NORWAY.
I received last year (1907) from Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa, some
Canadian Pseudoscorpions for determination. The collection comprised
tro forms, and these two species are, to my knowledge, the first Pseudo-
scorpions recorded from the Dominion of Canada. This is naturally
founded on the fact that these small, interesting animals have not been
collected by the entomologists. In the adjoining parts of the United
States, as in the States on the whole, there are many species, and even as
far north as Alaska a species has been taken. This should be of interest
if Canadian entomologists would draw their attention to these animals, and
they would certainly make many a fine capture. |
The Pseudoscorpions have much in common with the scorpions,
especially as regards the palpi, but they are animals of small size—the
gants among them are about 8 mm. long,—and they quite lack the tail
which is so characteristic of the true scorpions. The Pseudoscorpions are
to be found under bark of decayed trees, under stones and logs, among
mosses, etc; some also live in buildings. Some species, especially
Chelifer cancroides, L., are true cosmopolites, as they are easily trans-
ported from place to place in goods and the like; they are distributed
throughout all parts of the earth, very few in the polar tracts and in the
colder temperate regions, but in the warmer temperate tracts and in the
tropical parts of the earth they are abundant. The group of Pseudo-
scorpions is a small group, comprising about 400 species so far described,
but some of these will certainly, on further examination, fall into the
synonymy of the other species, or will be only zomina nuda.
The two species mentioned above are the following :
Chelifer cancroides, L.
Canada: Ottawa, 8 specimens, ¢ and 9, taken in buildings (J.
Fletcher). British Columbia: Kaslo, 2 ¢’s (J. W. Cockle).
Ideobisium obscurum, Banks.
British Columbia : Victoria, 1 specimen (A. W. Hanham).
The species is largely distributed in the western parts of the United
sate, the States of Washington, Montana and California.
Jr 1908
164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. :
A SYNONYMIC NOTE ON CERTAIN BELOSTOMID-E
(HEMIPTERA).
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, H. ISLANDS.
This brief note is in response to my friend Mr. Bueno’s mention of
further synonymy, in his recent valuable paper (CAN. ENT., Vol. XX XIX,
PP. 333-341).
It is now generally accepted, by workers at aquatic hemiptera, that
the generic name Be/ostoma must be conferred upon the species formerly
known as ‘‘ Zaitha,” the single species arranged under the former, at its
inception, being a “ Zaitha.” This requires no further comment, but
some consideration is necessary to select the correct name for the now
nameless genus, “ Be/ostoma,” olim.
Stal, in 1865 (Hem. Afr., III, 179), separated, from “ Belostuma,”
those forms with strongly-widened lateral margins to the pronotum
(collosicum, etc.), under the name Amorgius, and unaware of previous
names, I adopted this, in my recent list of Pagiopod genera, for the old
‘5 Belostoma,” accepting Montandonista (1901) as a subgenus for the
narrow-margined forms. There is no doubt, however, that Lethocerus
(Mayr, 1852, Verh-Zool. bot. Ges-Wien, V, 17) is the same as Montan-
donista, and that Lethocerus cordofanus (\. c.) must take precedence of
Amorgiur (Montandonista) niloticus.
Lethocerus, however, was founded on a nymph, and was therefore
rejected by Mays himself in 1863 and 1871, as well as by Stal,
Montandon and Champion. But, according to the general rules of nomen-
clature, genera and species founded on immature stages are valid, though
as a rule they are not advisable. Therefore, Lethocerus must be reinstated.
The following synonymy will summarize the above:
t. Belostoma Latreille, 1807 (type festaccopallidum), = Zaitha, Am.
and Serv., 1843.
2.* Lethocerus, Mayr, 1852 (type cordofanus), = Lelostoma, auctt.
= Montandonista, Kirkaldy, :got, subgen. Amorgius, Stal, 1865.
The species Le/ostoma nilotica (Stal, 1854) should therefore be known
as Lethocerus cordofanus
The above is a good instance of the folly of refraining from adjust-
ments of synonymy when their necessity 1s discovered. Mayr knew in
1871 that the proper name of ‘‘ Zaitha” was Belostoma, and that that of
‘ Belostoma ” was Lethocerus. Those changes were infinitely easier to
make 37 years ago than now, and correspondingly (or more so) easier now
than 37 years hence.
*Incorrectly included by me formerly in Hydrocyrius, t.e., Diplonychus,
May, 1908 ,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165
NOTES ON HETEROPTERA.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.
Near my house in White Plains, N. Y., is a sunken meadow, on one
side of which runs a brooklet, and on the other the Bronx Aqueduct,
which carries water to New York city. The Tarrytown road bounds it at
one end, and the other merges gradually into a marsh which is cut by
another brook. In this meadow grows a profusion of plants, each in its
season, and here insects abound in all forms. I have taken in it many
interesting Heteroptera. Along the edges, at the Aqueduct, Zurygaster
alternatus occurs. Further on, in the plants growing out of the wetter
and lower portion of the meadow, in July and August I found many
nymphs ; some I could recognize, but two were misidentified. One was
a peculiar spiny one, with an enlarged antennal joint. I guessed it to be
Chariesterus antennator. To make sure, I took several full-grown
nymphs home, together with one of Archimerus calcarator. The food
problem, of course, presented itself, but the solution was found in the
remains of my vegetab'e garden, and a bush bean pulled up by the roots
and put in water in a breeding cage gave the nymphs food and shelter.
They throve on the bean, and my queer capture turned out to be nothing
but Acanthocerus galeator. This very interesting nymphal form appears
to be unrecorded, and Dr. Horvath, who was in White Plains at the time,
suggested that it be described.
In colour it is a checkered grey and black, quite on the dark. This
nymph is very spiny. The antennæ have the first joint studded with short
spines, which in the second joint become smaller and are interspersed
with hairs. This joint is dark at the base and apex only, the greater
portion of the middle being light in colour. The third joint is expanded
into a leaf-like form, with the narrowed end at the base of the joint and
the broader at the apex. This, as well as the fourth joint, is black and
hairy. The latter is fusiform. The first joint is subequal to the second,
and the third to the fourth, each of the latter being about two-thirds the
length of either of the former. The femora are all armed with stout
spines, which are practically obsolete on the tibiæ. There are six long,
toothed spines on the head, arranged in pairs, and one at each anterior
angle of the pronotum, the lateral edges of which are also spiny, and the
disk is studded with coarse black punctures. The wing-pads are also
spined on the outer edge and coarsely punctured Each of the abdominal
Segments has at the connexival edge two stout spines, one near the
May, 1908
166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
anterior angle of the segment and the other near the posterior, the latte
being longer and stouter than the former. All these spines have smalle=4
spines on them, and they increase in size caudad. There is also a series
of paired spines down the middle of the abdomen, similar to the others-
The dorsal stink-orifices are two in number, the anterior being betweexz
the third and fourth segments, on the suture, and the posterior similarly
placed between the fourth and fifth. These orifices are quite large and
noticeable, and are apparently single. The length of the nymph in the
last instar, from which this description is taken, is something over 11 mm -
It has the general aspect of a Coreid bug, so it can be easily recognized if
taken.
While the preceding is an accurate description, it is by no means
minute, although quite sufficient for recognition. The younger nymphsare .
very similar, except that the antennæ are comparatively much longer anc |
slimmer, being, in fact, nearly as long as in the last nymphal instar, and :
the spines are also longer. |
In different parts of the meadow, in the higher parts, the highly
interesting Tingid, Melanorhopala clavata, Stal, was taken in both the
brachypterous and the very rare macropterous forms. Here also was
taken Protenor Belfragei in great abundance, both adults and nymphs >
Harmostes reflexulus was far from uncommon ; the various species of
Euschistus were abundant, together with Fertbalus limbolarius, Tricho-
pepla semivittata, Podisus maculiventris, several species of Reduvioluss
Alydus eurinus and pilosulus, Corimelena atra, Coenus delius; and om
Alders surrounding a mud-hole Corythuca gossypii was very common, but
darker in colour than is usual. This mud-hole, when dry, proved to be
the haunt of Hebrus concinnus, whose white spotted wings betrayed it a
it walked about on the drying black mud.
— —
On a hillside there 1s a dry meadow where timothy had been
grown for hay. Here late in August Mesara hilaris was found abund-
antly along the edges. The first specimens I beat from the bushes near #
gate, but other bushes along the fences gave no result A clump of
Golden-rod under some bushes was swept, and there was Æesara, botls
adults and nymphs. This was the case all along the field; one or tw®
specimens were beaten at odd times from the trees and bushes, but the
majority, as well as the nymphs, were all taken on the Golden-rod, undef”
and near them. The nymph is light green and yellow, with the head,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
OF ACORDULECERINÆ (HYMENOPTERA).
RY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.
kera media, n. sp,—Q. Front impressed about the median
icing a more or less distinct pentagonal area; antennal fovea
distinct ; head black, the antenna fuscous ; the clypeus,
e mandibles, the thorax, except a spot on each lobe and the
cutellum, the legs, and the abdomen, luteous ; the wings
ins, the costa and the stigma luteous; the pronotum entirely
jus. Length, 5 mm.
Algonquin, Ill. (Nason).
era minima, n. sp.— Front with short, fine pubescence,
hd appears glossy black ; pubescence of the antennæ black,
; head black, with the labrum, the clypeus and the mandi-
e thorax, except a spot on each lobe of the mesonotum and
the legs and the abdomen, luteous ; the antenne with the
tas long as the fourth and fifth together; the front not
ove the median ocellus; the antennal fovea wanting; the
serted and broadly, roundly truncated at apex. Length,
sdge Hill, Pennsylvania (G. M. Green) ; Ithaca, N. Y.
~
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169
Acordulecera mellina, n. sp—%. Front with a median furrow,
antennal fovea wanting ; body black, with the clypeus, the labrum, the
mandibles, the antenne, the tegulæ, the legs, the basal half of the venter,
and a large triangular spot on the middle of the dorsum at base, the apex
of the triangle turned toward the apex of the abdomen, white or luteous ;
head covered with very fine white pubescence, appearing bare when
viewed from before ; notum and pleura covered with a fine pubescence ;
saw-guides with the two sides parallel and obliquely truncated to a point
atapex above. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat.—Mt. Washington, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).
Acordulecera mixta, n. sp.—Q. Front with the median furrow
Wanting ; antennal fovea indicated by a minute pit ; body black, with the
antennæ, the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles, the collar narrowly, the
_ tegulæ, the legs, and the basal half of the abdomen, greenish-white or
lateous ; the head and the antennæ covered with long black pubescence ;
| pubescence of the notum short, sparse and white ; saw-guides broadly
convexly rounded at apex. Length, 4.5 mm.
Habitat.—Columbia, Mo. (C. R. Crosby) ; Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball);
Delaware Co., Penn. (Cresson) ; Ashbourne, Penn, (Viereck) ; Saline-
ville, Ohio ; Ithaca, N. Y.
Acordulecera munda,n. sp.—®. Body black, with the clypeus, the
labrum, the mandibles, the pronotum and the dorsum of the abdomen
more or less, piceous ; the tegulæ, the hind margin of the pronotum, the
legs, and the venter of the abdomen, luteous ; the head and thorax fairly
densely covered with long pubescence ; the third segment of the antennæ
about as long as the fourth and fifth together ; the saw-guides broadly
rounded at apex, with a distinct scopa. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat.—Ithaca, N. Y.
Acordulecera minuta, n, sp.—Q. Antenne with the third, fourth
and fifth segments subequal ; body black, with the clypeus, the labrum,
the mandibles, the tegulæ, the legs, and the disk of the abdomen at base,
luteous ; the head and thorax covered with fine, white pubescence, the
cell R, about as broad as long, the transverse part of the vein M, received
near its middle ; wings infuscated; saw-guides broad and broadly rounded
at apex. Length, 3 mm.
Habitat.—Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball).
Acordulecera maculata, n. sp.— 9. Antenne with the third segment
Considerably longer than the fourth ; body black, with the clypeus and
labrum more or less white ; the legs, except more or less of the tarsi and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
of the tergum of the abdomen, more or less white; the
rax covered with fine white pubescence; the wings infuscated
aif; the front wings with the cell R, about as broad as long;
ted behind the eyes ; the saw-guides very broad and squarely
apex. Length, 4 mm.
|—Ithaca, N. Y.
cera marina, n. sp—f. ntennæ with the third segment
longer than the fourth ; body black, with the labrum, the
e legs, and the bases of the wings, white ; the head and
d with short, white pubescence; the head not dilated behind
wings wholly hyaline ; the front wings with the cell R much
ride, and receiving the transverse part of the vein M near the
cell. Length, 4 mm.
—Salineville, Ohio.
ENNOMOS MAGNARIUS, GUENEE.
inter the curious egg deposits of the Notch-wing, Ennomos
in, are sent in by fruit-growers to know what they are.
are very characteristic, and are like those of many other
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 171
THE GEOMETRID GENUS RACHEOSPILA.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Our species of this genus are badly arranged in our list. The
synonymy is due to Hulst’s observations on the collections of the British
Museum and other foreign collections, published by him in Entomological
News, VI, 71, 1895. His examination must have been very hasty, for he
has obviously confused several good species under the synonymy of /ixaria.
According to his arrangement (see Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., p. 300) we have
five species : /xaria, Guenée, with five synonyms ; saspidiaria, Hulst ;
Hollandaria, Hulst ; viridipurpurea, Hulst, and sa/tusaria, Hulst. Of
lixaria, Guenée, only rudrolineata, Packard, appears to be a true
synonym ; inclusaria, Walker, represents a distinct form with larger
_ dark discal dots and strongly-developed red line in the fringe, to which
étremarta, Walker, may be cited as a synonym if we desire to retain the
lame, proposed as it was for specimens without locality; congruata,
’ Walker, is evidently a synonym of sste//aria, Guenée (Spec. Gen., IX,
374, 1857), a species quite distinct from /ixaria, to which also belongs
Syschlora Hulstiana, Dyar, described as a variety of S. Louisa, Hulst ;
finally, cupidenaria, Grote, is a good species, afterward redescribed as
Syxchlora Louisa by Hulst. ‘The three following species, jaspidiaria,
Hollandaria and viridipurpurea are all varieties of one species, which
is the same as Geometra centrifugaria, Herrich-Schæffer, and protractaria,
Herrich-Schæffer (Corr.-Blatt. Zool.-Min. Verein Regensburg, 1870, 182),
a Cuban species. The last species, sa/fusaria, Hulst, is the same as
Eucrostis niveociliaria, Herrich-Scheffer, also from Cuba.
Our green Geometridæ are more widely distributed in regard to their
Specific forms than many other groups, and all our Southern Florida
fpecies come from Cuba. I would arrange our species of Racheospila as
ollows :
I. lixaria, Guenée. 4. cupidenaria, Grote.
rubrolineata, Packard. Loutsa, Hulst.
2. inclusaria, Walker. s. centrifugaria, Herr.-Sch.
extremarta, Walker (?) protractaria, Herr.-Sch.
3 Sitellaria, Guenée. Hollandaria, Hulst.
congruata, Walker. Jaspidiarta, Hulst.
indeclararia, Walker. viridipurpurea, Hulst.
Hulstiana, Dyar. = 6. niveociliaria, Herr.-Sch.
saltusaria, Hulst.
May, 1908
172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
BOOK NOTICES.
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. Published
quarterly by the Society. Herbert Osborn, Managing Editor, Colum-
bus, Ohio, March, 1908.
The five hundred members of this new international Society must, we
feel sure, be pleased with the initial number of their Annals; it is so
beautifully printed, so respectable in form, and so excellent in its contents,
that we must all be proud of it, and should be willing to do all in our
power to maintain its high character, and give it all needful support. The
number contains the Constitution of the Society, a list of the Officers,
Fellows and Members, and an account of the proceedings at the three
meetings thus far held in the great cities of New York, Boston and
Chicago. The remainder of the issue includes a most interesting paper
on the Polymorphism of Ants, by Prof. W. M. Wheeler, and a discussion |
of the Habits of Insects as a factor in Classification, by Prof. Herbert
Osborn. The chief feature of the number is, however, the charming
photograph of our dear old friend, Dr. Samuel H. Scudder, which we are
delighted to have, and which must be equally welcome to every one of the
members of the Society.
The subscription price of the Annals is one dollar per annum to
members, in addition to their yearly dues, and $300, with the extra
postage needed, to outsiders.
JouRNAL oF Economic ENTOMOLOGY: Official organ of the Association of
Economic Entomologists. Concord, N. H., Vol. I, No. 2, April, 1908.
This second number of the Journal contains nearly all of the remain-
der of the papers read at the annual meeting in Chicago; the four
numbers to follow will, therefore, furnish a large amount of material w
could hardly have reached the public but for this new enterprise.
numerous papers now presented are full of useful and varied informa
and are of much interest to all workers in the field of entomology. As time
goes on this Journal will become a veritable storehouse of practical infor-
mation for biological students, as well as those who are engaged in the
cultivation of food products, cotton and other raw materials, or who are
interested in the manifold relations of insects to the health and comfort of
animals and man. It occupies a field of its own, and does not trench
upon the domain of any existing periodical ; it deserves to have a wide
circulation and an ample subscription list.
Mailed May 8th, 1908.
EXCHANGES.
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three line:
are liable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscrivers.
LEPIDOPTERA. — I wish to exchange Butterflies and Moths with some one in
the Southern States.- -G. B. NICHOLSON, Scottsville, Monroe Co., N. Y.
WANTED.-—Bulletins Biol. Survey, 2, 3, 4, 11 : Bureau Ent. (old series) 1 5,
8 13,10, 18, 26, 30, 31, 33. have for exchange many Ent. Reports and Station
Bulls., Entomoleyical Circulars, Farmers’ Bulls., Pubs. of N. Am. Fauna, etc. -
ENTOMOLOGIST, Delaware Expt. Station, Newark, Del.
WASTED IN EXCHANGE, or for cash, during the coming season, fertile egys
cf the Apantesis group, especially of the Southern and Western States.- -M.
ROTHKE, 807 Harrison Ave., Scranton, Pa.
WANTED. -Cerambycidiv, Cicindelidæ and other Coleoptera in exchange for
same from this locality. Bound Vol, 1, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1867 8, to exchange
for Horn's Monograph of the Tenebrionidz.—C, A. FRost, go Grant St.. South
Framingham, Mass.
INDIAN INSECTS in all orders. Fine specimens of P. mayo, Kal. albofasciata,
Hestia vadelli, ete., from Andaman Is., and T. imperialis, A. camadera,
Phylliums, Phasmids and Live Cocoons from Darjeeling and Assam. Write for
prices to 4. MEIK, 4 Convent Rd., Entally, Calcutta.
DYTISCIDE, Canadian examples wanted. Will gladly name material in this
family and Haliplidæ. and can offer good exchange. -Curis. EL. ROBERTS, 10
Washington Place, New York.
HIEPIALUS THULE to exchange for other rare N. A. Hepialida not in my
collection. Ti. EH. LYMAN, 74 MeFavish Street, Montreal, Canada.
COLEOPTERA, Many papers by LeConte, Horn, Fall and others to exchange
for Buprestida and Cerambycidae. List on applications Ge CHAGNON, P.O.
box 186, Montreal, Canada.
HYMENOPTERA AND COLEOPTERA, both European and Exotic, offered in
exchange for Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Decapod Crustaceans of Canada
and the United States. - A. DtcHaussosy, Caudebec-les-Elbeul, Seine Inferieure,
France.
COLLOPTERAS - -Nbout 1,300 species of U.S. Coleoptera, and also many
fom Mesieo amd Guatemala, for exchange. Will give a set of Callichroma
Ineianebolount for à specimen of Monohammus marmorater, DR, GEO, W,
Bou, tao: Vier Ave. St. Louis, Me.
GOs Peto wanted, gamed or unnamed. Will buy or exchange. Write
Dist. Dest area awutieaheriy, from the NW. Arizona, New Mexico, N.
LU Persan bial MN HT PROPRES, cog Phone St, Newark, N. J.
Ds mnt D ue ter ex ue red specimens of Papaipema, nitela,
noi. fe cada cahenheas ta pee so cnarginidens, Nunagria oblonga, and
Nehutede ren. Wont dhe ape miners co. same genera. FL E. MOESER, 238
Guilford S'.. Butteb , N.Y.
COCCINELLE, FO PITHEUI TL (Pephroe'ysiea, Nept'oui and Lithocolletis ot
the wortd desired) fer cash or exchange. Dk. CHR. SCSRODER, Schwabische-
strasse 19, Berlin VW, so. Greta 4,
The G anadliay Fntomologist
VoL. XL. LONDON, JUNE, 1908. No. 6.
TWO FOSSIL DIPTERA.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO.
The finest fossil insect found at Florissant by the expedition of 1906
was a large and excellently-preserved Asilid fly. Although several fossil
AsiJide have been described from Europe, only one species (Stenocinclis
anormala, Scudder, from Wyoming) has been described and named from
the American tertiaries.
Microstylum Wheeleri, n. sp.
Length about 40 mm., of which 14 or a little less is head and thorax;
wit gs rather short, about 2044 mm. long, faintly dusky, the veins dark ;
heacA and thorax black ; legs very dark brown or piceous ; abdomen
red cB ish-brown, with triangular black markings on the first four or five
s¢Z Mnents, as shown in the figure; antennæ stouter than in 47. morosum,
Loæw. The general form and proportions are shown so well in the figure
that they need not be described. (Plate 4.)
The venation appears to accord sufficiently well with that of
Méeczostylum. The radius and radial sector are quite normal, the latter
branched as in Af. morosum; radiomedial cross-nervure present and
normal ; the cell between the ultimate branches of the media is essentially
as in M. morosum, the upper branch being even more bowed basally, but
the end of the upper branch reaches the margin a considerable distance
from the lower branch of the radial sector ; cell V, (Comstock’s Manual),
Which I consider to be enclosed within the branches of the cubitus
(following my interpretation of the venation in the Nemestrinidæ), is
spindle-shaped, with the upper margin not far from straight, but the lower
strongly bowed ; from its apex it sends a cross-nervure to the media,
reaching the latter at the point of forking, and a straight nervure (end of
the cubitus according to my interpretation) to the margin ; there was no
doubt a cross nervure passing from its lower side to the margin, but this
Place is obliterated ; the cubital cell (viii, Comst.) is very narrow.
According to my interpretation (Amer. Jour. Sci., April, 1908) the
Strong bend in the upper branch of the media is perhaps a relic of a
Condition in which a cross-nervure (found in most Nemestrinids) passed
from thence to the radial sector ; no trace of this now remains,
174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Hab.—Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado, Station 14 (7 D. 4
Cockerell, July 8, 1906). The genus Microstylum, Macquart, has a
present four species in our fauna; two from Dallas, Texas ; one freom
Pecos River, on the borders of Texas and New Mexico, and Kansas; amid |
one from Mexico. The fossil is named after Dr. W. M. Wheeler, 1n
recognition of his important contributions to dipterology, and in remem-
brance of the fact that he was present when it was found.
Proctacanthus Philadelphicus, Macq. (specimen from Mesilla Park,
New Mexico, caught preying upon a honey-bee), compared with Af.
Wheeleri, shows the following important differences in the venation :
1. The cell in the forks of the radial sector is conspicuously longet
and narrower. |
2, The apex of cell rst V, (Comst.) is rather broadly contiguous with
the base of cell V,, or, in other words, the lower branch of the media is
sharply angled at the base, the point emitting the cross-vein to cell V3.
3. Cell V, (enclosed within the branches of the cubitus, according 20
my view) is cuneiform, pointed basally, but broadly obliquely truncæa tt
apically, and connected with the margin by only one nervure.
Dialysis revelata, n. sp. (Leptidæ).
Length, 1823 mm.; proportions about as in D. rufithorax, Say:
except that the abdomen is somewhat longer ; head small, diam. 2 mm:
or a fraction over, appearing black; thorax reddish-brown (perhaPS
ferruginous in life), diam. 4 mm.; abdomen pale reddish-brown, with
whitish bands at the bases of the segments, the second and third especially
having about the basal half whitish ; wings ample, about 1374 mm. long»
the nervures pale ferruginous ; anterior legs pale reddish ; middle and
hind femora dark brown or black, but their tibiz and tarsi paler ; length
of hind femora about 6 mm., of middle femora, 514 or a little more.
Venation like that of D. elongata, Say (dissimilis, Walker), as figured
by Williston from Austen’s drawing (Kans. Univ. Quarterly, April, 1895
p. 264), except as follows :
1. The subcosta reaches costa about 8 mm. from base of wing, th¥S
considerably beyond the middle.
2. Vein R;,, (following the nomenclature of Comstock and Need
ham, Amer. Naturalist, XXXII, p. 233) is strongly bent downwards wheT©
R,,; leaves it. (Such a bend is slightly indicated in Zeprfis.)
. 3. The discal cell is longer; on its upper side, the part beyond tP©
cross-nervure to the radius, is much more than twice as long as that
before it.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
brachycarpa, n. Length about 5 mm. Head with
unctures on vertex. Clypeus shallowly emarginate, lobes
led, antennal foveæ large and deep; middle fovea (antennal
rl. Rev. Nematinæ of N. Am.) elongate, well defined, ocellar
r; better defined by the lower wall ; a slight depression around
ocellus; 2nd, 3rd, 4th, sth joints of antenne subequal;
h, shining ; tarsal claws cleft, rays subequal ; intercostal vein
h before basal ; discal cells of hind wings equal on the outer
lower one is much broader than the upper; sheath broad,
lower apical margin; cerci long and slender; apex of
hd sheath with long white hairs, Colour shining black;
xcept apex, which is piceous, labrum, edge of clypeus, tegule,
à angle of pronotum ; legs, except bases of cox and a line
beneath clear reddish-yellow ; apex of venter is sometimes
ngs hyaline; nervures brown; costa and base of stigma
does not differ much from the 9; the apical joints of the
rufous, the costa is darker, the femora are usually darker, the
E sometimes the posterior tarsi are usually
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 177
joints of the antennæ equal, next two equal and the last three subequal ;
thorax with fine dense punctures above, smooth beneath and on sides ;
tarsal claws minutely cleft, rays equal ; venation normal, lower discal cell
wider than upper, the lower and upper equal on outer margin; sheath
broad, rounded on lower apical margin; cerci long and rather stout ;
sheath clothed at apex with hairs. Colour dark brownish; clypeus,
labrum, mandibles, except tip, cheeks, orbits, tegulæ, posterior angles of
pronotum, all of the legs, venter and sheath reddish-yellow, the abdomen
above of the paratype is pale piceous ; antennæ beneath and apical joints
dull ferruginous, wings hyaline, nervures pale brown, costa and base of
stigma paler.
Hab.—Ft. Collins, Colo. Type collected April 24, 1905; paratype
May 21, 1906.
This species seems quite distinct, and is easily distinguished by its
small size from all except a/biricta, Cress., from which it may be known
by the more abundant pale markings.
Cephaleia punctata, n.sp.— 9. Length about 12 mm. Head almost
as wide as thorax, much broader above than beneath; eyes placed well
forward ; vertex very broad, flat; a broad low carina between antennæ
and on basal part of clypeus ; clypeus truncate, broader on the lower part;
left mandibles tridentate, right bidentate, inner tooth largest ; antennæ
long, slender, extending somewhat past the base of abdomen, first joint
wider and about three times as long as second, third longer than
four + five; ocellar region with dense deep punctures ; vertex and sides of
head with deep, scattered punctures ; lateral lobes of mesonotum and
scutellum with deep, scattered punctures, similar to those on the head ;
mesepimera with deep punctures on lower and extreme upper part, the
middle somewhat corrugated ; metathorax and abdomen smooth ; claws
with an inner tooth about one-third from apex ; four hind tibiæ with a pair
of spurs about one-fourth (or more) from apex, and another single spur
about a fourth above these ; second transverse cubital uniting with radius
about one-third of its length beyond transverse radius. Colour shining
black ; anterior margin of clypeus, a line in middle, inner orbits broadly,
large spot on upper inner orbit, cheeks, broad band on side of head,
extending from cheeks to occiput, where it joins with a crescent
formed by a line from top of eye to occiput, then curving downward,
crescents uniting, the lower outside part of crescent 1s a thin line, so that
On one side there is a break, two large elongate spots on vertex (the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Ing of the vertex and occiput together form a sort of M, the
ing heavier), posterior margin of pronotum, tegulæ, triangular
or lobe of mesonotum, posterior and lateral half of lateral
Inotum and base cutellum, these form a broad U, to lines
le of prothc broad band on mesepimera, line above
je, light yellow ; abdomen, except a black spot ‘on apex of
sheath, and sheath, legs from apex of femora, mandibles,
first to about twelfth joint, rufous. Wings somewhat fuscous,
jase of stigma across wing to the apex of second discoidal cell
margin fuscous ; nervures brown, stigma at apex and base
r.
Florissant, Colo., July 12, 1907. (S. A. Rohwer.)
‘ies may easily be separated from the other members of this
bnadensis, Nort; C. Quebe Prov., and C. ochreipes,
ireipes as a syn. of Canadensis, but I believe it to be
he triangular and U-shaped spots on upper side of mes:
ve gone through all the descriptions of the N. Am. species
Lyda in the Cressonian sense, and it is none of those,
ration it is nearer some species assigned by Konow to
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179
ee ee ee
apical joints of antennz and mandibles, except base, dark rufous ; tegulæ, |
cenchri, spot on middle of basal plates above, two spots on fourth abdo-
minal segment above (these spots are sometimes confluent and form a
band above), trochanters, extreme apex of posterior coxæ, a small band on
posterior tibiæ at base, white; palpi, anterior tibiæ and tarsi beneath,
intermediate tibiæ and tarsi beneath somewhat, pallid or pale testaceous ;
Posterior femora, tibiæ and tarsi yellow-red ; tibiæ and tarsi infuscated ;
Pleura with short white hair. Wings dusky-hyaline ; nervures and stigma
dark brown.
Habitat.—Colorado, May 21, 1901; also specimens from Denver,
Colo., May 30, 1902, and one from Boulder, Colo. May 17, 1902. (S.
A. Johnson.) Specimens and type in collection of Colo. Ag. College.
The posterior legs are sometimes darkened, but there is always a
Strong rufous tinge. The sculpturing of the head varies somewhat, but
the markings are always present, although sometimes faint.
This species seems to fall between Æ. mellipes, Harris, and £.
’rzctipes, Nort. It may be known from Æ. me/lipes by the dark, almost
€ntirely black, four anterior legs, the white on the fourth abdominal
s©gZ ment not going all the way round, etc. From £. cinctipes by having
the posterior femora and tibiæ yellow-red, stigma unicolour, etc.
Emphytus Coloradensis, Weldon.—(Can. ENT., Sept., 1907, p. 304.)
€ following notes may be useful in determining this remarkable species.
They were made from the type, which is a male. Head densely punc-
red; clypeus emarginate ; antenne stout, joints somewhat rounded out
Neath, rather short, malar space distinct ; thorax punctured, but not as
derasely so as head; claws simple ; transverse radial joining the radial
| 1er vure beyond the second transverse cubitus ; wings subhyaline. [ ength
bout 5 mm.
This species is quite distinct from all American ones.
Habitat. — Little Beaver Creck, Larimer Co, Colorado, July 4, 1896
C. p. Gillette). ‘Taken above timber line, 115,500 ft. altitude."
Hoplocampa bioculata, n. sp. (=H. bioculata, Macg., M.S.), ,
Fagth about 5 mm. Head not as wide as thorax; vertex rounded :
‘2 ered with very small dense punctures ; antennæ placed in two deep,
+ &e foveæ, which extend to clypeus ; the middle fovea small, but quite
*Stinct ; third, fourth and fifth antennal joints subequal ; clypeus broadly,
“Ag ularly emarginate, lobes broad, rounded ; labrum rounded at apes
Crax with fine dense punctures above, almost smooth beneath ; inter
“OStal vein more than its own length basal to basal vein ; lanceolate cell
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
s longly petiolate at apex ; upper discal cell extending beyond
simple, first tarsal joint of intermediate legs nearly as long
4+5,; sheath broad at base, pointed at apex above, rounded
jour black ; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except at apex, lower
egulie, luteous ; palpi, spot on upper orbits, antennæ beneath,
reddish-brown (the density of this colour varies somewhat) ;
nora sometimes the colour of the tibi Wings hyaline ;
H stigma pale brown, stigma lighter in middle
t.—Dixon Canon, Larimer Co., Colo., May 9 (C. P. Gillette) ;
ns from Ft. Collins, Colo., May 11, 1899; 2 2's, Foothills,
lins, Colo., May 15, 1897, flowers of Amelanchier ainifolia
te); 1 9, Dixon Canon, Colo., May 6, 1894 (C. F. Baker).
ecies is quite « t. It seems nearest to ZZ obtusa, Klug,
from which it may easily be separated by the colour of the
etc.
fusca, n. sp. (= Z. fusca, MacG, MS). g. Length, 6mm
le wider behind eyes ; vertex broad ; malar
ladly emarginate, lobes small, pointed ; labrum slightly emar
erclypeal space depressed into a iddle fovea distinct,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181
FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA.
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALBERTA.
(Continued from page 156.)
39. Chionobas Macounii, Edw.—During June (22nd-24th), 1905,
Mr. Hudson and I came across the true habitat of this species. About
ten or twelve miles west of here, in the “ Billings’s Mill” locality, is where
we had occasionally taken a few specimens in previous years, flying near
the foot of the spruce-covered hills, Most of the hills are heavily timbered
m the north slopes, the spruce timber merging into poplar scrub at the
ümmit, and the southern slopes are grass-covered and void of timber.
Amongst the poplar scrub, and at the edge of the spruce, is where we
ound both sexes quite fresh, the males comparatively common, on the
ibove dates. The light colour of the upper side makes it a more con-
picuous object than yuffa when on the wing, and though, perhaps, just as
hy of approach, its flight is rather slower, ahd it usually settles on fallen
imber instead of high in standing trees like that species. The difficult
lature of the ground prevented our taking more than we did. Some males
how a decided tendency to develop a sex-mark, thus showing a closer
tltionship to gigas than was previously supposed. /u¢fa was common
tthe same time, in amongst the timber, and usually at the foot of the
ills, where Afacounii was far less often seen.
at. C. Alberta, Elwes.—For “ below the cell,” in line 12, read
‘opposite the cell.” The species has been very scarce of recent years.
42. C. varuna, Edw.—Mrs. Nicholl found this species common on
he Kootenai Plains, near the head of the Saskatchewan, in mid-July.
44. C. Beanii, Elwes, = subhyalina, Edw.—Mrs. Nicholl and I
ound this common on the only three peaks we visited near Lake Louise,
aggan, on July roth and 2oth, 1904. These are Mts. Piran, Fairview
ind Saddle Peak. (For altitudes vide under asfarte.) We saw it then
nly on or very near the extreme summits, though Mr. Bean writes in
Edw. Butt. N. Am., III: “Its observed range of altitude extends from
1,300 ft., for occasional stragglers, timber-line at Laggan being 7,000 ft.,
0 8.500 ft., as the males habitually frequent rock wastes at the points and
idges of the peaks. The females seldom reach such localities, but chiefly
ithabit sedgy slopes in a belt of altitude between 7,500 and 7,800 ft."
We met with but few females, but one from Fairview on ryth is labelled
“Near summit ; over 8,500 ft.” Mrs. Nicholl found it common on all
June, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
ks of the Rockies, where she collected during that season, and
ver found the female lower down, as was the case with
he also met with it commonly during her trip far north of
summer. On July 16th last I caught nine specimens on
ing one or two females, during cold weather, with very little
uring a short glimpse of shine,.if one did not get up in sight
ally stalk one up, and marking it down,
t sleepy and easy to catch. One that I marked, I dug out
t the stones nearly two feet down. On this occasion I saw
lower ridges at approximately 8,000 feet, than at the extreme
there is much easier footing. On the 18th, warm and sunny,
rly evenly distributed, though scarcely common, all over the
eastern slopes of the mountain for about 7,500 feet up, but
attention more to other sf . But late in the afternoon T
in probably her first flight, within 200 feet of Lake Agnes,
000 feet and within the timt line. I should mention
during an abnormally late season, 1 believe, however, that
ect life earlier than the lower levels, the
eee.” ~~ ae : | , . ed ME
ad TT
Se me dote + à ce +
~ ~-
am * —_ SLT eee ee à _
= Re ae ue
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183
47. This is the form described by Messrs. Cook and Watson as
Incisalia polios (CAN. ENT., XXXIX, 202, June, 1907), and some of my
few specimens agree well with their figures on Plate 5 (July). It is stated
after the description that ‘ Po/ios most nearly resembles Mossii, Hy. Edw.,
from which it differs in the presence of the hoary margin of the primaries,
the broad hoary area of the secondaries, . . . andin the colours of
the fringe.” And further: ‘‘ Undoubtedly fo/ies has been confused by
collectors with :rus, Henrici or Mossti,” and comparisons are made with
these species. Dr. Skinner, in Ent. News, XVIII, 327, says: “I do not
consider it specifically distinct from Z: Mossii. .. . . . The species
extends across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific, .
and the type (¢, 4. ¢., of Mossir) comes from Esquimault, V. I.” My
dates are from May sth to June zgth. The latter date is exceptionally
late, but the specimens are in fine condition.
so. TZ. titus, Fab.— Red Deer River, July 25th and 26th, 1907, not
rare,
55. I have described this form as arethusa in Can. ENT., XXXIX,
169, May, 1907. It appears to be somewhat local, as I have not so far
Met with it elsewhere than in the two localities mentioned under the
description. A few days after taking a series near Billings’s Mill, I spent
anafternoon hunting closely for it over what appeared to be precisely
similar ground ten miles distant, without finding a specimen. Dates of
capture, July 5th to 2oth. Dr. Skinner writes to me: “I consider it a
variety of pi/@as, and nearer to that than var. Americana.” He had previ-
ously listed the form as 24/&as in Sup. 1, page 18, of his Catalogue. Mrs.
Nicholl came across it far north of Laggan, and I am indebted to her for
three pairs, labelled “ Brobokton Creek, July sth-13th, Aug. 12th, 13th,”
and “ Brazeau Creek, July 16th.” One 2 is my arethusa exactly, but
some of the rest approximate the eastern form very closely, one 2 being
inseparable therefrom. Mrs. Nicholl took other specimens, and Sir George
Hampson says they are like a form he took in Norway. I certainly
have a very similar male labelled ‘ Norway sept.” which is the only
European specimen sent me by Bang Haas as Ayfophleas.
56. Chrysophanus Snowi, Edw.—I found this, somewhat sparingly,
on Mts, Fairview and Piran, at Laggan, on July roth and 2oth, 1904,
chiefly on the same ground as A. Alberta, from about 8,000 feet up, but
Scasionally on bare slides a little below the timber line, Mrs. Nicholl
Writes: “A high mountaineer, never seen below 7,000 feet. Widely
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ver the high Rockies, but seldom plentiful.” She. reports
her common far north of Laggan last summer. Some of my
the centre row of black spots on primaries elongate as in the
of Aypophiaas.
1 my blues are with Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, who is making a
of the genus, and who, I hope, will soon straighten my species
yhile I am able to make these few additions to my former
ycena lygdamas, Doubl.. var. oro, Scudd.—I cannot look
cimens I referred to under this head as being distinct from
ted as Couperii, which is very variable. Dr. Fletcher, in
upon Mrs. Nicholl’s record of Couperii from Calgary and the
“The mountain form here referred to is called Zygdamas
collectors, following Mr. W. H. Edwards."]
shasta, Edw.—I have not since seen the species from
r Calgary, but have found it, somewhat sparingly, on either
er, north-east of Gleichen. It there frequents dry
nd, preferably at the top of isolated knolls so common in the
yorn coulees in that alkaline country, or close to the edge of
g to be fond of the flowers that grow in such situations. A
186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
black discal spot on primaries beneath is cut off square at the botto:
where it runs along the vein. In ausonides this spot tapers.” In the ty
species, as I believe them to be, occurring here, this character is n
constant either above or beneath. My specimens of creusa a
considerably smaller than the average of ausonides, though larger than th
smallest. The mountain specimens have rather more black basal shadin,
above, but the Calgary specimen has scarcely more. But all have ver
much heavier reticulation beneath, with more green and less yellow, and
are more thickly dotted above the costal margin of primaries on both
sides. I have ventured to doubt whether Dr. Holland’s fig. 23 on Plate
XXXII is creusa. The reticulations show through, and look suspiciously
thin, the costa is perfectly clean, and I have manifest ausonides with the
discal spot just as squarely cut. Dr. Skinner, however, says that the
figure is probably correct, and adds that creusa is so very close to
ausonides that their exact relationship is not known. Mrs. Nichol
reported creusa to be not rare at Field during the first week in June of last
year, and I took a fresh specimen near timber line on a mountait
south-east of Windermere on July 13th. These appear to be the fi
records for B. C.
73. Colas elis, Streck.—Mrs. Nicholl writes concerning her 1904
trip: ‘Adis was scattered rather sparingly over all the high mountains 0!
the main chain of the Rockies at an elevation of 6,500 to 7,500 feet. |
‘took the greatest number on the slopes of a mountain above Hector Lake
(= Wapta Lake, Hector, auct.). It also occurred at Lake Louise, Mt
Assiniboine and mountains above Simpson River.” I think her Lake
Louise record refers to a specimen she took on Mt. Piran, above Lake
Agnes, on July 2oth, when I was with her. It was probably its firs!
appearance. - Of her 1907 trip she writes: ‘ Wilcox Pass, or rather the
valley just south of it, is the headquarters of C. e/is, which swarms there
with a few christina in company. It is evidently a northern insect, and à
the commonest Colias on the Athabasca.” She kindly sent me a few 0
the specimens, in fine condition, dated July 27th.
74. C. curytheme, Bd., var. eriphyle, Edw.—Whilst admitting tha
I have made no special study of Colias, and have very little outsid
material in the exrytheme group, and moreover, that some forms of th
genus are as variable and confusing as there are to be found in Euxo
amongst the noctuids, nevertheless, I find it hard to accept the two form
passing in the west as eriphy/e and eurytheme as being of the same specif
\
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187
entity. That the two are very closely allied there can be no doubt,
tcasional specimens being questionably separable even by colour.
‘et the general impression conveyed by a series, as well as the regular
kcurrence of two broods of eriphyle in this district, as against the capture
f eurytheme during one season only, clearly suggests two species. Mr.
Bean, whilst at Laggan, perhaps made at least as close a study of the
North American species of this genus as any man has yet done, and a few
years ago I had a short correspondence with him upon this point. He
wrote: “ When I last studied the eurytheme problem. the status seemed to
be that in the north exrytheme breeds true and eriphyle breeds true. But
the claim was made that in Colorado eggs of one form had sometimes
developed the other. J have often bred each form, and never had mixed
results. It was necessary to use great care in gathering the plants, to
woid smuggling in stray eggs, and there a doubt comes in as to the
Xcasional mixed results.” The above is significant. The italics are
nine.
75a. [C. occidentalis, Scud.—The Lacombe specimens I referred to
onder this name are without much doubt the same as the “ pale lemon-
yellow form ” I mentioned under christina. To me, however, they ate
separable from true christina solely by colour, the variations, in both the
colour forms, of the discal spots and width and shape of border, being
enormous, and in the females almost unlimited, though from personal
observation of the two—one form being sometimes fairly common on days
when the other is scarcely to be seen—I should strongly suspect two
ecies. After my previous publication, Dr. Fletcher expressed a doubt
ome whether a yellow christina ever existed. My reference was based
Où a letter received seven years previously from Mr. Bean, which I showed
Dr. Fletcher, and from which I now quote. As I mentioned above, I
accept Mr. Bean as being at the time one of the highest authorities on
Colias, particularly as he bred several species on a somewhat extensive
sale. He wrote from Laggan, discussing the opinion of a third person
to whom he had showed his enormous local collection: “I had shown him
à great series of christina bred and caught, ranging all the way from the
ultra orange forms of Assiniboia to the local extreme of unmarked white
females and yellow males with no orange at all. . . . . He admits
himself puzzled by the very slightest one of all the difficulties christina
Presents, the colour variation, and that, although fhe unity of the colour
forms has been fully established.” The italics are mine. J have a male
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
ales of the species known as occidentalis, from Wellington, B.
em to differ from some of my specimens only in having rather
basal shading of black scales above, except that I happen to
Calgary females of that exact shade of colour, vi greenish-
series of thirty Calgary females of the occidentalis-christina
ther orange, yellow or greenish-white, and scarcely any two
alike in either colour or markings. Of much the same colour
ngton females are a few I took at Windermere, July roth to
e, with the males from the same place, are like my No. 75a in
ricted area of the basal shading, but have a rather smaller
bn secondaries, which, in the males, shows through scarcely
the ground colours above. By these characters they are.
h doubt, identical with a species of which I have two pa
B. C., and a male from Pullman, Wash., which Mr, Elwes,
and Dr. Fletcher ail tell me are emflia, The male border is
hn in most Ca y specimens of the group, in which, however,
h, even in orange ch also the size and colour
ts in my 75a 5 s includes another species,
t impossible, but I do not know how to pick them out, Dr.
kening the male io a large futerior in his notes on Mrs
190 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST.
round Gleichen, and from there to the Red Deer River north-east. It
either very playful or pugnacious, I am not sure which, and a gre:
pest when one is after other small species. It darts upto another specie
on which the collector has his eye, goes through a kind of lightning thre:
card-trick performance for about a second, then darting as rapidly away
so distracts the eye as to confuse the beholder’s power of distinction.
93. Misoniades persius, Scud.—Dr. Dyar refers my form to a/franius,
Lint., but Dr. Skinner, confirming his previous identification as persius,
says: “ Afranius 1s at best only a local race of perseus.”
ADDITIONAL RHOPALOCERA.
570. Melitea acastus, Edw.—Rather common locally on the Red
Deer River bottom, north-east of Gleichen. In coulee bottoms. End
June to middle July. I had this species for some years under the name
palla, and have probably sent specimens out as such.
571. Phyciodes nycteis, Doubl.-Hew.— Recorded from Edmonton in
Skinner’s Catalogue. It was recorded thence by Geddes.
572.—Grapta silenus, Edw.—Mrs. Nicholl records the capture ol
two specimens at Banff, Aug. 30th, 1904. I have a specimen from Van:
couver, received as such, and agreeing with Holland’s figures, though
darker, but have seen nothing like it from Alberta.
573. G. progne, Cram.—This seems to b2 less uncommon than the
other Graptas occurring here, though I had not recognized it when I pub-
lished my list. My dates are from Aug. 18th to May 2gth, but like the rest
of the genus here, it seems to go into hibernation early and come out late.
I bred a specimen last fall from a full-grown larva found in a water tank,
where I think it had dropped from a willow bush.
574. Pyramets carye, Hbn.—Mr. Willing assures me that he ha
taken this species in Alberta. [am not aware that I ever saw it.
575. Limenitis archippus, Cram.—Two fine males by the side of th
C. P. R. track at Gleichen station, on July 1ith, 1904.
576. Meominots Ridingsii, Edw.—My first acquaintance with tht
species was with a pair presented to me by Mr T. N. Willing, frot
Macleod, July 2nd and 8th, t904. Mr. Arthur Hudson next came acros
it on a high dry knoll near the edge of the upper bench on the north sid
of the Red Deer, about 50 miles north-east of Gleichen, on July sth, rg0£
We subsequently found it, on that day and the next, in several simila
situations, within a mile or two of the same spot. We took both sexes
It appeared to be very local, and by no means common. I also took :
+
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191
few, mostly worn, whilst on a visit to the same locality on July 23rd of last
year. I observed none south of the river. In habits and flight it is
peculiarly like CAtonobas Alberta, and, indeed, it is not altogether unlike
that species in habitus.
577. Satyrus sylvestris, Edw., var. charon, Edw.—This seems pecul-
iarly erratic in its distribution. I never met with it until 1904, when I took
three males, quite fresh, on, and in coulees near, the Red Deer River flat
north-east of Gleichen, on July gth. LI found it on both sides of the river,
but saw no others. It was evidently just appearing. Mr. Hudson and
I failed to find it there in early July of the following year, nor did I see
any when there between July 23rd and 27th of last year. It occurs at
Banff, as Mrs. Nicholl took it there in 1904, and I saw one in the museum
labelled by Mr. Sanson, “Sun Dance Canyon, July 18th, 1906.” Mrs. Nicholl
tells me she found it just coming out on Kootenai Plains in mid-July of
last year, and I found it, rather sparingly (as I did any other butterflies),
at and below Windermere, on the Upper Columbia, B. C., from July roth
to 14th. It appears to be a mountain species,‘but as it occurs on the Red
Deer, I cannot understand why, during 14 years’ collecting, I should have
had no records from within sixty miles of Calgary. Geddes records it
from ‘Garnet Ranch” (Pincher Creek), and I have a specimen taken by
a non-entomological friend at Mt. Head, in 1906. Sy/vestris, by the way,
is really the variety. Holland says: “ The form with obsolescent ocelli
has been named sy/vestris by Edwards.” Edwards, however, in Butt. N.
Am., III, says: ‘‘It is charon, bandless on under hind wing ; and this
variation is not uncommon wherever the species is found.” I have this
variety from the Upper Columbia.
578. Chionobas Brucei, Edw.— Mr. Edwards in his Volume III says:
“ Mr. Bean reports finding Bruce at Laggan, Alberta.” This ts probably
an error, as in part of the same work, published several months later, he
quotes from Mr. Bean: ‘ . . . On a mountain near Hector, B. C.,
two miles west of the Alberta Province line, . . . lives Chionobas
Brucei, never yet observed at Laggan, only nine miles distant.” Mrs.
Nicholl kept a sharp lookout for it during her five or six weeks’ collecting
in those regions during 1904, but failed to come across it. But she found
it in considerable numbers far to the north of Laggan during the latter half
of July, 1907. She writes: “I have taken Bruce/ in plenty. It is
evidently a more northern species than Beanti, and | think harder to
catch. . . . The first place I took it was on a mountain at the head
THE CANADIAN EN’
h Forks of the Saskatchewan, flying with Beanii, and it was
all the high mountains north of that.” I am indebted to her
specimens, both sexes. These are all labelled, “Sheep
uly ” and agree with Brucei from Colorado, Mr. Sanson
lulphur Mountain, Banff, last year (J. Fletcher).
yeea aguilo, Bdv.—Rather common on Mt. Piran, from
feet, on July 20th, 1904. Not having access
ction of blues at present, I cannot be sure from memory
not occur below and above these limits. Mrs, Nicholl reports
ar north of Laggan last year. In r904 she did not come
ween Banff and Mt. Assiniboine, but found it locally abundant
Hara and Hector, C., and says: “It fairly swarmed on
tch at the head of Lake Louise” (July 21st). I bred a specimen
last from a larva found full-grown, on a rock in sunshine, far
k, about 7, t, on Mt. Stephen, Field, on July 7th.
y.—I am convinced that some of the forms
nder this name in my notes on sa are distinct from that
bok a few females at Laggan, near the station, on July 18th, 1904,
quite different from a fem and which I associated
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
fuscous, with ochreous-tinted cilia. Abdomen with basal
yellow above ; tip and under side dark fuscous. Legs dirty
mottled exte tarsi blackish, with narrow indistinct
ulations. Alar 8-19 mm
—Oak Station, Alleghany Co, Pa. (F. Marlo
U. S. N. M. No. 11557.
large spt ypical of the genus, intermediate between
nd Banksiella.
fluvialella, n. sp.—Labial palpi dirty-ochreous, speckled
own exteriorly ; brush moderate, rounded, hardly divided.
Int-brown. Antenne dark purplish-brown. Head and thorax
wings light brown, with a strong purplish sheen,
apex; exterior edge of the cell and the apical veins
ated by ill-defined, purplish-black longitudinal lines, more or
towards apex. Cilia ochreous, dotted with brown. Hind
scous. Abdomen dark purplish-fuscous. Legs blackish, with
annulations on tarsal joints, Alar expanse, 18-20 mm.
-Oak Station, Alleghany Co., Pa. (F. Marlo!
M., No. 115
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195
we
The antennal pectination in the males is rather longer than normally
found in this genus, but the species is undoubtedly rightly placed near
pstudosprete/la, Stainton.
Epermenta albapunctella, n. sp.—Labial palpi blackish-fuscous ; inner
side of second joint ochreous. Face, head and thorax blackish-fuscous.
Antenne dark fuscous; basal joint with strong pecten. Fore wings dark
fuscous, mottled with lighter fuscous, black and brown scales. An ill-
defined, broad, blackish fascia across the middle of the wing is preceded
and followed by lighter patches. On the end of the cell is a round white
dot, preceded and followed by a black longitudinal dash. Apical cilia
blackish, tornal cilia gray. Before the middle of the dorsal edge is a large
black scale tooth, followed by a smaller one beyond the middle, and this
by two still smaller. Hind wings dark fuscous; cilia gray. Abdomen
and legs fuscous ; tarsi black, with ochreous annulations. Alar expanse,
13 mm. |
Habitat.—Oak Station, Alleghany Co., Pa. (F. Marloff).
Type —U. S. N. M., No. 11560.
One of the small dark species of this genus, but at once distinguished
from all described species by the conspicuous pure-white dot at the end of
the cell. Oo
Batrachedra placendiella, n. sp.—Labial palpi blackish-fuscous ;
terminal joint with an ochreous annulation at base and with the extreme
Up ochreous. Face light iridescent - fuscous. Head and thorax
dark fuscous. Antenne dark purplish-fuscous, with narrow black
®mMoulations. Fore wings blackish-fuscous, slightly sprinkled with white
®<ales ; a black longitudinal streak on the fold at the middle of the wing,
With a smaller, nearly effaced, black spot obliquely above it on the disc,
And a black longitudinal streak within the edge above tornus. Cilia light
Feascous. Hind wings dark fuscous, with lighter cilia. Abdomen dark
P uarplish-fuscous, with extreme anal tip ochreous ; in the female with short
Brotruding horny ovipositor, clothed with long erect hairs. Alar expanse,
LT mm.
Habitat —Oak Station, Alleghany Co., Pa. (F. Marloff).
Type.—U. S. N. M., No. 11561.
This is exceedingly close to Batrachedra salicipomonella, Clemens,
Of which I have bred specimens from willow galls, Washington, D.C. It
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
in general colour and markings, though without the longitu-
treak, mentioned by Clemens, which, however, is not always
hced in his species. But the present species is a more robust
roader wings. Venation typical, with 6 and 7 separate in the
and 8 absent. Hind wings with all v
hedra trichella, n. sp.—Labial palpi light ochreous, with à
pot on extreme side of second joint. Face very light straw-
escent. Head and thorax light ochreous. Antenne smoky-
Fore wings at base light ochreous, this colour gradually
bward apex, where it has a purplish-brown tinge. Basal third
be thinly black ; at apical fourth is a short longitudinal black
le middle of the wing, and at the base of the apical cilia is a
se black streak. The wing is sparsely sprinkled with scattered
Cilia light ochreous. Hind wings light ochreous. Abdo-
gs ochreous. Alar expan 16 mm
k Station, Alleghany Co., Pa lof.
EU. S. N. M. No.
nder species nearest the European Batrachedra pinicolella,
—
-
eee
_…
LS --— ns. |
PDF CRE ios
Mo eus.
THE CANADIAX ENTOMOLOGIST. 197
ONE OF OUR NEGLECTED “GREENS” (GEOMETRIDÆ).
BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
This little moth I find generally associated, when present in collec-
tions, with #4y//naria, Zell., which in reality is rather a rare species. For
along time I have been aware of its distinctness, but I could obtain no
clean, fresh specimens of the latter for comparison. Packard’s description
(Zelleraria = phyllinaria), in Mono. Geo. Moths, p. 370, is an excellent
one, and, as he points out, the front is green and the colour more solid,
without irrorations, and the cross lines finer and firmer than in many
species. The following description should make the differences specific :
Chlorochlamys vertaria, n. sp.—Expanse, 14-15 mm. Palpi deep
ochre, tipped with red. Front brownish-red. Antenne and along costa
ochreous. Thorax and all wings above pale sea-green, the latter finely
ittorate with whitish. Cross lines yellowish-white, distinct. On fore
wings basal line crosses in two rather strong outward curves, one from
costa to median vein, thence another to inner margin. Extra discal
Starting from costa, two-thirds out, nearly straight at origin, rounds some-
what outwardly to vein 5, where it makes another outward curve to vein
1,and thence outward in a short straight line to inner margin, well within
| analangle. Sometimes this line makes a single broad outward sweep to
vins. No discal dots above or below. Fringes rather long, green at
base, white terminally. Hind wings without basal line. The extradiscal,
an extension from fore wings, runs subparallel with margin, but as in fore
Wings, with two outward curves and outward straight line to inner margin,
the short curve opposite cell being sharper and well marked. Beneath
&reenish-white, the extradiscal white lines above faintly showing through ;
Costa rather broadly ochreous. Abdomen above and beneath, and legs,
White, a little tinged with ochreous, the fore tibiæ washed with brownish-
red.
Type.— & from Phœænix, Ariz. (ix, 18,’07), and 9, Phoenix, Ariz.
(ix, 16, ’o7), through Dr. R. E. Kunze, in my collection.
Co-types.--Three males.
Can. Ent., Vou. XL. PLATE
THE GOLDEN SNOW-FLEA
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199
THE GOLDEN SNOW-FLEA, APHORURA COCKLET, N. SP.
BY JUSTUS W. FOLSOM, URBANA, ILL.
(Plate 5.)
In British Columbia there is a minute yellow Collembolan that
appears in crowds so dense as to cover the snow with a carpet of gold.
This species was discovered by Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, B. C.,
whose specimens and data sent to Doctor Fletcher were by him referred
to the writer.
The literature on Collembola contains many references to snow-fleas,
and one author, Dr. R.' Latzel, has made a convenient summary of all that
has been written on the subject (Carinthia, II, Nos. 5 and 6, Mitt. Naturh.
Landesm. Kärnten, 1907).
In the United States only ‘“ black” snow-fleas have figured in the
literature, and the species that has done most to deserve the name of
snow-flea is Achorutes nivicola, Fitch (see Psyche, Vol. 9, p. 315), a dark
blue species that swarms on the snow every year, in Massachusetts and
New York, and doubtless elsewhere. It is not often reported, however,
since it becomes active at a season when most of the collectors are still
dormant. |
When most of the insects also are hibernating, Collembola are
active—even before Boreus appcars, and before the winter species of
Perlidæ, Culicidæ, Chironomidæ, Bibionidæ and Muscidæ are on the
wing. Collembola revive at a temperature that is too low to arouse other
Insects ; in the Arctic region they flourish when other insects fail.
During his experience of many years in the mountains, Mr. Cockle
saw this golden snow-flea for the first time in 1906, and again in 1908; and
his inquiries among men who spend most of their time among the snows
have not enlightened him as to the occurrence of the species in other
localities. He has not found it on his summer trips among the glaciers ;
in fact, he has found it only at Kaslo, on a steep bank one hundred feet
above the river, at an altitude of 2,250 feet, and surmises that it came
from the river. None of the Collembola are known to be aquatic in their
development, however, though some of them frequent the surface of
Water, and most of them require a moist atmosphere ; and the snow-fleas
develop in the soil or under loose bark or moss. This genus Aphorura is
"SSentially, but not altogether, terrestrial ; but the black snow-fleas of the
Bemus Achorutes develop under bark, as a rule, where they can be found
the dead of winter, long before they appear on the snow.
June, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOG!
Ekle is as yet alone in his enjoyment of the spectacle
the golden snow-flea. He writes enthusiastically about these
es that illumine the snow over patches of several square
he snow melts, the snow-fleas are carried off in the currents of
posited on the surfaces of the pools, where they accumulate
umbers. They cannot sink in water, on account of their
stles, and even in strong alcohol they are not easily immersed
shaken in the fluid, unless the fluid is hot.
Hen snow-flea loses its colour when it dies out of doors in the
ecomes dirty white; but when the insect is preserved in
anada balsam, the pigment is singularly permanent; thé
at Cockle sent out two years ago are now as vividly yellow
peaking, the colour is not golden-yellow, but lemon-yello
he former would be preferable on account of its associations.
‘a Cocklei, n. sp., is lemon-yellow and slender. Head with
Filus behind the bas ach antenna (Plate 5, Fig. 1).
organ of eight to ten papillæ, which vary in form within the
ovate and elliptic igs. Antenne three-fourths as
head, Antennal organs five-lobed 4), the lobes being
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201
Upon finding that Cockle’s species agreed in every respect with
Absolon’s description, I sent specimens and drawings to Absolon, in order
to determine whether the two species were the same. He informed me
that they were not; that his species was always white, and not so slender
as the yellow one ; and he sent me eight specimens of his cave species,
from which to draw my own conclusions.
I agree with him that the two species are distinct. They are sharply
separated by striking differences in colour and form, and by less striking
but not less constant differences in the antennal organs and the clothing.
In sébirica, Tullberg-Absolon, the lobes that constitute the antennal organ
are slender and finger-like—quite unlike those of Cocklei. In ssbirica,
T.-A., the minute curved setz of the body are few; in Cocklei they are
numerous, and interspersed with longer and stiffer setæ ; and the
arrangement of the setz is conspicuously different in the two species, as is
indicated in Figures 8 and 9. |
Since the golden snow-flea refuses to take the name of sibirica, we
must give it a new name ; and it is appropriate, as Dr. Fletcher suggests,
to name this energetic entomological inhabitant of British Columbia after
Mr. J. W. Cockle.
Four hundred and ninety-nine types, Kaslo, B. C., Jan. 31 and
March, 1906; Feb. 23, 1908; J. W. Cockle. Many of the types have
been sent to the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C., and to the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Others will be sent
to specialists in this order of insects.
PLATE 5.
Fig. 1. A. Cocklei. — Base of left antenna, x 200.
2 Postantennal organ of right side, x 1234.
3 ce 66 66 66 «6 66 6s
4. Right antennal organ, x 823.
“5. “6 Dorsal pseudocelli, x 43.
6 Right anal spine, x 400.
7. “ ss Left foot of first pair, x 400.
Fig. 8. À. Cocklei.—Setæ near median dorsal line of metathorax,
x 300.
Fig. 9. A. sibirica.—Setæ near median dorsal line of metathorax,
X 300.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
AIL MOTHS AT GARDI R, MAINE.
g to learn that but few Brown-tail Moths’ nests are to be
B vicinity this spring, as compared with the number found last
time. In the worst infested orchards last year where 100
laken, not more than 4 or 5 are to be found this year: While
ety thoroughly picked last year, it is hardly to be expected
he enti use for the decre his year. Most of the nests
year did not seem to be in a healthy condition—the larve
upified and many were , but Iam sorry to say that all
opened this spring are very lively and apparently ready for
s this is not fir from the northern boundary of the Brown-
is inte to note that we have had one year of a
> nests were found in Gardiner, last
athered in, and this year would, perhaps, bea
YNOLDS, Gardiner, Maine.
SPECI OF ASILIDÆ FROM BRITISH
COLUMBIA
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203
ee ee
—— SS es
Face slightly, but evenly convex and rather wide, front clothed
with silvery dust and white hairs, which are longest and coarsest, and
sometimes brownish near the oral margin. Ocellar tubercle rather
prominent ; posterior orbits thickly clothed with rather fine white hairs.
Antenna black, first two segments with white bristles; third segment of
uniform width, with a short style bearing a small bristle at the tip ; length
much in excess of the first two segments together. Thorax clothed with
gray dust and furnished with white hairs, which on the disk may have a
brownish tinge ; scutellum clothed with gray dust and white hair ; legs
black, with white bristles and hairs, hind tibiæ and tarsi somewhat
enlarged and with short golden pile on part of the anterior surface ; wings
. uniformly very dilute-brownish, so dilute, in fact, that they might well be
said to be hyaline.
Male abdomen shining blue-black, of nearly uniform width throughout
its length. Each segment, from one to six on either side, with a distinct
white spot on the posterior margin.
Female abdomen shining blue-black, widest near the middle of its
length, each segment, from one to five on either side, with a white marking .
onthe posterior margin. These markings are larger and longer than in
the other sex. |
Two males and a female from Hope Mountains, B. C, July 19, 1906,
and a female from Similkameen, B. C., July 20, 1906.
There seems to be some uncertainty as to the limits of the genus
Cophura as used by the different authors, and it is therefore with a certain
hesitation that I have concluded to place the present species in it, but
fom the standpoint of the recent catalogue by Aldrich, who follows
Williston, a/bosetosa may be included. It has affinities with some of the
species placed in the genus Taracticus, but the abdomen shows no sign of
~
punctulation. It is probable that when a critical study of sufficient
material is possible the limits of Cophura will be restricted. Although
the insect has a general resemblance to some of the species of Cyrtopogon,
it does not belong there because of the claw-like spine at the end of each
front tibia.
NIGRASILUS, n. genus,
Front and face of ordinary width, face widest below. Facial gibbosity
rather prominent and with numerous bristles. ‘Third segment of the
attenna rather narrow, and a little longer than the first two together,
arista only about half as long as its segment. Thorax with bristles on the
Posterior part and several bristles on the margin of the scutellum. Wing
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
in Asilus in the restricted sense. Posterior margins of the
segments without bristles that differ in length from those on
of the abdomen. Female genitalia plainly conical; male
plainly bent upward near the middle of the length.
lus nitidifacies, n. sp.—Black, wings slightly fumose, face just
antenne shining black; female with conical oviduct.
Length, 12 to 15 mm.
Facial gibbosity rather
prominent, and clothed
with black bristles above
and white bristles below ;
face just beneath the an-
tenn shining black, other-
wise clothed with gray
dust, which is most pro-
nounced along the entire
margins of the eyes; beard
white; occipito- orbital
bristles all E Ground
colour of the thorax black,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205
ee
NEW SPECIES OF THERIDIIDÆ.
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST FALLS CHURCH, VA.
Theridium pictulum, n. sp.—Cephalothorax brown on sides, pale in
middle, but the pale contains a large goblet-shaped dark mark. Abdomen
black on base, with a median projection, followed by a narrow whitish-
mottled folium, margined with black, the black of base extends on sides
downward to the venter, enclosing a white spot on each anterior side.
Sides of abdomen white, more or less mottled with brown, spinnerets
surrounded with black, venter blackish, with a prominent median sub-
tnangular snow-white mark, sternum brown. Legs white, with many black
bands ; femora i and ii with a narrow mark below before middle, a broader
me above at middle, a sub-apical ring, and a narrow apical mark ; patella
vith sub-apical mark ; tibia with basal, median, sub-apical and apical
ks, none complete rings ; metatarsus with basal, median and apical
bands ; tarsus with median band. Legs iit and iv less marked, the femora
vith sub-apical ring and apical mark ; patella with apical mark ; tibia
wih median and apical bands ; metatarsus with basal, median and apical
bands ; tarsus with median band. ‘Tibia i barely shorter than the meta-
sus i. Length, 9, 3 mm.
From Palo Alto, Calif. (Coolidge).
Theridium interruptum, n. sp.—Cephalothorax with a dark margin
on the side, rest yellowish-brown ; abdomen grayish, with silvery-white
spots and black marks as fdllows: a narrow stripe each side on anterior
part, on posterior part a much broader stripe each side, with obliquely-
Pointed bases, and extending down on sides of abdomen behind; the sides
at base and near middle are also black; venter pale, with a broad black
band across middle, but not reaching the sides; sternum pale, narrowly
margined with black. Femora, patellæ and tibiæ of legs i and iv blackened
attip, other legs less distinctly so. Abdomen rather elongate, not much
Wider than cephalothorax, and somewhat flattened, truncate at base,
tounded at tip, region of epigynum swollen. (Fig. 9.)
Length, 1.3 mm.; leg i, 2.4 mm.
Miami, Florida, Feb. 16, under boards on the ground (Prof. J. H.
Comstock).
June, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Eurvoris: Table of Species.
Ir dorsum of abdomen mostly silvery-white..…. ............3.
m mostly blac
mall silvery spots, no bands
br or five silvery spots ; legs with black line under
FT RTS PE TRE coves 25-maculata.
or ten silvery spots ; legs without ble
argentata.
ld metatarsus brownish, and without bands ; abdomen silvery,
row median black stripe of. . +. Sormosa,
id metatarsus yellowish, banded with black
eae
horax and sternum yellowish................ 14000
horax and sternum dark brown... 10 oe
ilvery mark extends around base ; marks on legs fine and
broken up à 3 seriplipes.
Ivery mark not around base ; marks on legs in form of distinct
Sunebris
ifornica.
vily marked with fine black lines ; venter silvery. Ca
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207
Euryopis Californica, Banks.—This species I have seen only from
_ California.
Euryopis funebris, Hentz.--This species is widely distributed in the
Eastern States, and also in Canada.
Euryopis Texana, n. sp.—Cephalothorax yellowish or yellowish-
brown, eyes on black; abdomen mostly silvery-white, with a brown-
\nangular mark on middle of anterior part, narrowly bordered on sides and
behind with black ; venter brownish, sternum yellowish, legs yellowish,
slightly marked with black at tips of joints and a few scattered dots else-
where, mostly at bases of bristles ; mandibles and palpi pale yellowish.
Rather smaller than £. funebris. |
Brazos Co., Texas.
Euryopis formosa, n. sp.—Cephalothorax uniform yellowish-brown ;
abdomen silvery-white, with a narrow median black stripe, constricted
ar middle and pointed at tip; venter brown in middle, a silvery lunule
behind, black around the spinnerets and extending forward each side as a
Barrow line on the sides ; sternum yellowish-brown ; femora yellowish,
beneath with bands of brown ; apex brown; patella, tibiæ and metatarsi
wholly reddish-brown ; tarsi paler ; femur of palpus yellowish, rest red-
brown. Size and structure similar to A. funebris.
From Bear, Idaho (L. M. Cockerell).
Argyrodes rostratus, 0. sp.—Cephalothorax brown, or yellowish-
brown ; eye region black ; legs pale yellow ; the patellz and tips of the
tibie yellowish-brown ; sternum brown ; abdomen bright silvery above,
brown beneath, with a small silvery spot each side; a narrow median
black stripe on dorsum from base two-thirds of way to tip ; extreme tip
with small brown spot. A. M. E. large, more than diameter apart ; P.
M. E. smaller, more than two diameters apart. Femur i nearly as long
aabdomen. Abdomen triangular in side view, prolonged above behind,
the tip bluntly rounded, as high behind as long. In the male the abdomen
IS more rounded at tip above ; the eye region is elevated into a prominent
hump, bearing the P. M. E. above and the A. M. E. in front, while on the
Clypeus there is a porrect, rather knob-like projection. (Fig. 9.)
Length, 9, 2.2 mm.; d, 2 mm.; femur 1, 1.5 mm.
From Runnymede and Miami, Florida (the latter from Prof.
Comstock).
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
-Cephalothorax yellowish, a median
lun imtercuptum
blackish mark behind eyes and
on the sides; legs pale, tips of
joints blackish ; sternum pale;
abdomen grayish or silvery,
densely marked with blackish
spots, mostly on the sides ; above
is a narrow median black stripe
from base two-thirds of the way
to tip; venter pale. A. M. E.
large, about diameter apart; P.
M. E. smaller, more than two
diameters apart. Femur i as
long as abdomen, the latter con-
ically extended above behind, in
side view it is triangular, the tip
oad and very plainly emarginate. Abdomen of male less
love, but also emarginate at tip. The head of male has two
; one on clypeus ex
bearing stiff hairs at tips.
ending upward, and one above
(Fig. 9.)
THE CANADIAN
ENTOMOLOGIST. 209
A NOTE ON THE SPECIES OF M/JCRONECTA OCCURRING
IN INDIA AND CEYLON. (HEMIPTERA).
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, H. ISLANDS.
In the “ Fauna of British India” (Vol. III, 50-51, 1906), Mr.
Distant has redescribed two species only of this genus from India and
Ceylon, thus omitting six previously described, three of them being old
and well established.
Eleven species are now known to me from these countries, one being
now diagnosed and three left to a future time.
1. albifrons, Motsch., =|| striata, Fieber, = —ovivora, Westw., =
siva, Kirk.
. grisea, Fieber.
. haliploides, Horvath.
. malabarica, Kirk,
. memonides, Kirk.
. M-notata, Kirk., =|| lineata, Fieber, = notata, Kirk., 1905 (by
misprint).
7. punctata, Fieber.
8. thelxinoé, Kirk.
Micronecta malabarica, sp.nov.—The general characters are those of
M, albifrons, but the tegminal picturation is very faint; there is no trace
ofa transverse line.on the distinctly longer pronotum, and the interior
Margin of the vertex is also in a direct line with that of theeyes. Length,
4 mill, |
Hab.—India, Malabar Coast.
P. S.—When my list of the known species of Aicronecta was
Published (Ent. News, 1905, p. 261), I had not heard of five species
Published the same year, viz.:
Ou & Ww N
1. guadristrigata, Breddin, from Java.
2. ludibunda, se “Java.
3. fugitans, ù ‘Java and Celebes.
4. pardalina, “ «Java.
5. inflatula, “ ‘6 Java.
I also omitted Aydroporina (Sigara), Von der Decken, 1873, from
East Africa.
_ [have now in the press descriptions of two new forms, pallida and
78 t¢ra, from Australia, so that the total number of species is now 47, of
Which perhaps 42 or 43 are valid.
It is safe to predict that ultimately
SOfte hundred species or so will be known.
210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
CONCERNING THE NOTONECTIDÆ AND SOME RECENT
WRITERS ON HEMIPTEROLOGY.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.
These notes are called forth specifically by a paper in “La Feuille des
Jeunes Naturalistes” (Rennes), by A. Delcourt, entitled “De la Nécessité
d’une Revision des Notonèctes de France,” but they lead naturally to
some considerations on recent work.
M. Delcourt claims that a revision of French Notonectids is necessary,
and not being familiar with his region, we will not dispute it, but when he
develops his argument it becomes necessary to differ from him. He falls
at once into the error which has lead astray more than one Hemipterist,
namely : that colour alone is a sufficient character for the differentiation
of species in water-bugs, when in all recent work, it is more often than not
neglected. My own careful studies of the common and abundant North
American ÂVotonecta undulata, Say, have made this plain to me, because
here we have an insect covering a great range, and which is apt to differ
greatly in series from one and the same pond, varying from a pure white
to nearly black. But they are one and the same species. These colour
variations in W. g/auca appear to trouble M. Delcourt very much. This,
na doubt, is due to his unfamiliarity with any work later than Dr. Puton’s
very meritorious ‘Synopsis des Hémipteres HHétéroptères de France.” It
is naturally not to be expected that a French author should be posted on
what is done on this side of the water. But why ignore Kirkaldy’s
“Revision of the Notonectide”?,; In this the entire question of the
synonymy of Vofonecta glauca is gone into, and he indicates the different
varieties into which the species may be differentiated, all this after a
careful examination of the types, so this work may be considered nearly
definite. And, further, the same author published recently ‘ Oder
Notonectiden,’, in which wherever corrections in his previous work were
necessary he made them, thereby bringing to date his earlier “Revision.”
Had the French reviser been familiar with these two articles he would not
have deemed it necessary to propose the work he contemplates, even
going to the extent of promising a revision of Palearctic forms !
As for the remainder of M. Belcourt’s paper, once he departs from
the speculative and arrives at the concrete, it is not entirely valueless.
1. No. 442, Aug. 1, 1907, pp. 198-207.
2. Cf. Montandon, Kirkaldy, Ilorvath, etc.
3. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894.
4. Wien. Ent. Zeit. pa
June, 1908
THE OANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 211
He gives directions for collecting and preserving as well as for breeding,
and although he gives few details, he appears to have succeeded in
breeding J. glauca, but does not describe the nymphal stages. He claims
that they have six moults, one on emerging from the ovum, which I have
observed in M. undulata. But I deem this first moult merely the casting
off of the amnion, and not a true moult of an outgrown skin. The French
author has solved the food problem by giving the nymphs young mosquito
larvæ, which I also have found suitable. The remainder of his paper
covers nothing not heretofore known and pointed out in detail in this
country.
Now, as to the second count. Certain Hemipterists appear to
consider a proper understanding and use of synonymy a purely unneces-
sary luxury. Therefore we find in much work that decidedly erroneous
names are employed, both generic and specific. Furthermore, old errors
are cheerfully adopted and popularized, and no question is ever made as
to the work of certain authors, who are very Mohammeds of Hemipter-
ology, and whose dictum is final. To-day Hemipterology is as much
neglected as it was fifty years ago. There are perhaps some half-dozen
workers who keep it alive; but outside of these the others who take
interest in this branch of the science are apparently willing to let some
one else do the work.
As to the philosophical side of the science, since Schjodte, who has
attempted to place the classification of the Order on a firm foundation of
phylogeny? Reuter, Bergroth, Stal, but principally the former. ‘To-day,
Kirkaldy is working in this direction, and he is proposing changes of so
radical a nature that before they are accepted a complete readjustment
of our ideas becomes imperative. And even then such new conceptions
of relationships may obtain that his scheme may be rendered obsolete.
But to-day a system of classification which lumps together such diverse
forms as the epide, with the other so called Cry ptocerata, is decidedly
in need of reform along more scientific lines.
BOOK NOTICE.
Os CULICIDEOS DO BRAZIL, PELO DR. ANTONIO GONCALVES PERYASSU.
Trabalho do Instituto de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro. ‘I'ypographia
Leuzinger, 1908.
This interesting work on the mosquitoes of Brazil contains over 400
pages, with 26 plates. It is written wholly in Portuguese, which will make
212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
it especially valuable for local use. The book is the result of two years
of assiduous labour, as Dr. Peryassu tells us, at the Instituto de
Manguinhos in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, under the direction of Dr. Oswaido
Cruz and Dr. Arthur Neiva. It is a creditable production. Dr. Peryassu
records about : 30 species of mosquitoes from Brazil (in one place he gives
131 species, in another 127), but there must be many more to be found
in this large region. Mr. Busck found go species in the Panama Canal
Zone during a short stay of but three months. The authors observations
on larvæ are especially interesting, though we wish more details had been
given of the Culicine forms. The Anophelines are most favoured, no
doubt from their pathological connections, and receive more detailed study.
The eggs of Chagasia farjardot, an Anopheline, are most curious objects,
resembling floating dipterous pupz, one end modified like a respiratory
organ.
Our author has adopted the classification of Lutz, as modified by
Theobald. Our objections to this classification need not be here repeated,
as they have been set forth elsewhere, and the classification has many
points of excellence, although it needs simplification. That Dr. Luta’s
classification should be used in a publication emanating from Brazil is,
of course, entirely fitting. Some of the records of species, more especially
those cited from other authors, will require critical revision. We notice,
for example, Dendromyia Smithit, Coquillett, credited to Rio de Janeiro
on the authority of Farjado, which is to say the least a doubtful record.
Our author has entirely omitted all references to the places of publi-
cation of species and genera. We had hoped to learn the exact dates and
references to Dr. Lutz’s and Dr. Cruz’s species, published in Brazilian
medical journals not available in Washington, but were disappointed.
A number of new species are described, mostly credited to other
authors, Dr. l’eryassüu having reserved for himself but one species so far
as we notice. Unfortunately Dr. Peryassu’s generous intentions will fail,
for there is no evidence that any of the descriptions were written by
another than the author himself, and, as we understand the rules, new
names are to be credited to the one first publishing them, not to one who
had suggested the name or Jabelled a specimen therewith. Therefore all
the new species in the book must be attributed to Dr. Peryassu. ;
HARRISON G. DYAR.
Mailed June 5th, 1908.
eee Ty Cee
BXCHANGES.
Subsersbers are invited to make liberal use of this column. A''tices over three lines
are liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.
PAMPHILA SASSACUS.- --T shall be particularly obliged to anyone who will send
me eggs of this butterfly. —JAMES FLETCHER, Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont.
LEPIDOPTERA. --I wish to exchange Butterflies and Moths with some one in
the Southern States.--G. B. NICHOLSON, Scottsville, Monroe Co., N.Y.
WANTED.--Bulletins Biol. Survey, 2, 3. 4, 113 Bureau Ent. (old series) 1-5.
8 13, 10, 18, 26, 30, 31, 33. | have for exchange many Ent. Reports and Station
Bulls., Entomological Circulars, Farmers’ Bulls., Pubs. of N. Am. Fauna, ete.--
ENTOMOLOGIST, Delaware Expt. Station, Newark, Del.
WANTED IN EXCHANGE, or for cash, during the coming season, fertile eggs
ifthe \pantesis group, especially of the Southern and Western States. - M.
ROTHRKE, 807 Harrison A\ve., Scranton, Pa.
WANTED. --Cerambycidie, Cicindelidæ and other Coleoptera in exchange for
same from this locality. Bound Vol. 1, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., 1807 8, to exchange
for Horn’s Monograph of the Tenebrionidie.—C. A. FROST, go Grant St., South
Framingham, Mass.
INDIAN INSECTS in all orders. Fine specimens of P. mayo, Kal. albofasciata,
Hestia cadelli, ete., from Andaman Is. and TL imperialis, A. camadera,
Phvlliums, Phasmids and Live Cocoons from Darjeeling and Assam. Write for
prices to A. Merk, 4 Convent Rd., Entally, Calcutta.
DYTISCINE.- -Canadian examples wanted. Will gladiv name material in this
family and Haliplidie. and can offer good exchange, CHRIS, PH. ROBERTS, 10
Washington Place, New York.
HEPIALUS THULE to exchange for other rare Noo AL Hepialid& not in mv
collection. H. HH. LYMAN, 73 MeTavish Street, Montreal, Canada.
COLEOPTERA.- Many papers by LeConte, Horn, Fall and others to exchanze
for Buprestidze and Cerambyeidie. List on application, -G. CHAGNON, PLO.
box 186, Montreal, Canada.
FIVMENOPTERA AND COLEOPTERA, both European and Exotic, offered in
exchange for Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Decaped Crustaceans of Canada
and the United States. A DUCHAUSSOY, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine Inferieure.
France.
COLROPTERA, - About 1,200 species of U.S. Coleoptera, and also many
from Mexico and Guatemala, for exchange. Wil give a set of Callichroma
melancholia for 4 specimen of Monohammus marmorator, DR. GEO. W.
Boon, ons VWlen Ave. St. Louis, Ve.
Giowtegkenb wanted, named orunnamed. Will bus or exchange. Write
firs. Desre materia partiodtarty from the NW, Arizona, New Mexico, N,
C., Tera ol bia. Wan dh Broapwernn, 200 Plaine St, Newark, N. J.
Pir opr. eb he ter exc hace brel specimens of Papaipema, nitela,
nets, trs cute ot mpecan en maw tinidens, Nonagri oblonga, and
Nehwodes fear would ke sneeimens of sae genera, FL ES MOESER, 238
Crofton Si. Buthabs NOY,
COCCINELLE TE. Beocittee ob Pe Tephreciver ss NeptiouLe and Lithecolletis ot
the wort desired ter cash or ea changes Da CHR. SCukODER, Schwabische-
stresse ia, Bern We so Germany.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
counterfeit presentment appeared each month for a
in the cover of an entomological journal thus labelled, and I
ze, as never before, the irrevocableness of things. I sought
ed much and diverse counsel. But the consensus of
ed to be that, as the beetle was now so well known by the
inconsciously given, it had best retain it, and that a proper
ith figures should be at once published.
my friend, Mr. Frederick Blanchard, to prepare such a
land he kindly consented to do this. But he courteously
my name remaining as authority for the specific, if not the
My first discovery was made in May, 1902, Fortwo years
amined my insect boxes at intervals, but fourd no trace of
But in May, 1904, I again found them in the same closet
oceurred previously. This time I found with them one
the larviform female and several larve, Mr. Joutel, our
careful and skilled artist, made drawings of the beetle in its
Mr, Blanc d for many reasons has been unable
complete the promised diagnos’ I give herewith
€ species, owning frankly that I could not
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215
are minute and apparently somewhat atrophied, especially in the female,
but they have not been so successfully examined as to be clearly under-
stood. The mandibles are minute and rudimentary, and too widely
separated to have any function. In the male the maxillary palpi are very
small and slender, with a short basal joint, the second longer than wide,
the third narrow, not longer than wide, fourth equal to the third in length,
subulate. Mentum short and narrow, transverse, arcuate in front, ligula
narrower, twice as long as the mentum, palpi apparently of two subequal
joints, together not longer than the terminal one of the maxillary palpi.
These organs are smaller in the female and still more difficult to verify.
The gular sutures are obscure, but sometimes obsoletely indicated in the
female when they are approximate in front and diverging behind. The
eyes are large, prominent and rather coarsely granulated tn the male, quite
small in the female, and of few facets somewhat irregularly disposed. An
ocellus, smaller in the female, is present between the eyes, within the apex
of two converging grooves which arise at the bases of the rather prominent
antennal supports. The antennæ are ten-jointed, basal moderate, second
shorter, three to six very small and closely articulated, seven to ten very
elongate ; in the female the antennæ, although of similarly proportioned
joints, are very much smaller and shorter.
The pronotum Is somewhat trapezoidal, broader in the female, the
sides not margined, but inflexed to the subobsolete prosternal sutures, the
pubescence of the inflexed portion similar to that of the upper surface, and
contrasting with the very sparsely pubescent prosternum. The prosternum
is convex and moderately long before the coxæ, not at all separating them
in the male, the coxal cavities confluent, and in both sexes broadly open
behind. In the female the prosternum is a little shorter before the coxe,
broadly produced and truncate behind between the widely-separated coxæ,
its entire length about one-half that of the pronotum.
Mesosternum of the male transverse, slightly sinuate in front, lobed
behind and loosely articulated with the metasternum, between the coxæ,
sides oblique, the lateral pieces small triangular and subequal, the epimera
alone reaching the coxe.
Metasternum of the male transverse, a little longer than the second
and third segments of the abdomen ; episterna broad anteriorly, gradually
narrowed behind ; epimera not observed.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
female these two segments are more rudimentary or larva-like,
num being simply transverse without intercoxal development,
t extreme lateral margin, parapleura obscure. The meta
horter and broader than in the male, in dried specimens with
hind margin emarginate between the widely separated coxe,
a moderately wide and scarcely narrower behind.
im small, triangular in the male; in the female the mesonotum
distinctly narrower than the other segments ; the metanotum
, although shorter than the pronotum, and somewhat wider
sonotum.
of male without epipleura
conical and prominent, loosely articulated and mobile, the
r contiguous in the male, the middle and hind pair well
ie latter a little more widely. In the female, while the body
the coxæ e mu smaller, and reaching the same lateral
he more widely separated.
and hind legs in the male two-thirds as long as the body, the
-
ee ne me
ADI ses es ne 7
- tide te et
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217
ee
front rather deeply impressed, labrum short and transverse ; mandibles
short, blunt, piceous ; antennæ minute, a basal very short joint scarcely
as long as wide supporting a second of the same thickness, twice as long
as Wide ; in the final moult, apparently of one or two very short joints
- bearing a terminal short tuft or pencil of fine closely-placed hairs. Behind
and a little outside the antennz are three ocelli in a triangle. (Fig. 10.)
- The pronotum is longer than any of the following segments, the
anterior outline somewhat semicircular, without any anterior angles,
Fis. 10.—Ignotus ænigmati- Fic. 11.—Larval hairs. Fic. 1a.—Middle leg of male:
cus, larva: a, ocelli; 4, larva.
antenna; c¢, a long
hair.
meeting the broadly arcuate basal margin in an indefined obtusely rounded
angle. The following thoracic and abdominal segments subequal, short
and strongly transverse, the ninth shorter and narrower. The vestiture is
composed of hairs and bristles of three kinds ; the hairs are simple, long
and fine, the bristles are taper-pointed or clavate, and sometimes abruptly
acuminate, and throughout thickly hispid with minute black points or
spines, (Figs. 10, 11.)
218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The median dorsal surface of the segments, from side to side, —
sparsely, finely pubescent with simple hairs, the anterior margin and <=
posterior interval glabrous. The anterior margin of the pronotumm
extending forward, and the posterior margins of the eighth and nintÆ=
dorsals of the abdomen extending backward, are densely fringed witk2
tapering bristles; the posterior margins of the thoracic and abdomina B
dorsals, except the last two, are similarly fringed with subdepressed clavate
bristles of equal length, of which seventy to eighty have been counted om
a segment ; behind and mostly hidden under the clavate bristles is a series
of fine simple hairs bordering the hind margins of the segments. The
anterior fringe of the pronotum affords protection to the junction of the
head, while the fringes of clavate bristles and subordinate hairs effectively
defend the membranous connection of the segments from dust or minor
enemies. At the narrowed lateral extremities of the second and third
thoracic and the first to second abdominal dorsal plates are spreading tufts
of tapering bristles.
The spiracles are exceedingly minute and difficult of observation, the
thoracic pair, as usual, before and outside the middle coxæ, the abdomina &
at the sides, below and slightly anterior to the lateral extremities of the=
dorsal plates.
Coxe, femora and tibiæ subequal in length, the coxæ narrowing fronm
base, the femora a little thicker outwardly, the t:biz slender and taperingæ
to apex and terminated with a slender claw, which, as well as the=
trochanter, is about one-third as long as the other joints of the leg.
The pupation of the female only has been observed. This takes
place within the larval skin just as in Anthrenus. A middorsal rupture © f
the skin frees the imago, leaving the delicate pellicle of the pupal envelop©&
within the larval moult.
Both sexes of /gnotus are apterous, and the female is without elytræ-
The male has long slender antennæ and legs, which are very much shorter
and weaker in the female. The surface is sparsely obsoletely punctat€-
In the male the first two dorsal segments of the abdomen are paler and
membranous, the following semicorneous or coriaceous and piceow$ °
ventral sutures straight, first ventral membranous and more or less cO?’
cealed at the middle, visible and of firmer texture at the sides ; seco?
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
MANITOBOIDES, FLETCHER, AND PAMPHILA,
ACUS, SCUDDER
BY HENRY SKINNER, PHILADELPHIA.
to Nepigon last July, Dr. Fletcher and I have been
in these two insects. he amount of material in
has been limited until this recent trip. Last year we captured
lens at Nepigon, and Dr. Fletcher has sent me four males and
I had in addition five males and eight females. I have
ese specimens with a series of sassacus from Pennsylvania,
New York and New Hampshire, and have arrived at the
that AManitoboides a geographical race, topomorph or
f sassacus, There is a very great difference between the two
s are selected, but the intergrades show their relationship.
( Manitoboides ) the limbate area of secondaries above is greatly
compared with sassacus. ‘The under side of secondaries in
imaculate in some specimens, and the contrast between these
ily-spotted under side of Manitobvides is very striking. The
hentioned are gradational throu eries, The stigma,
are identical. À ec v considerable
iw
to
bo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Bimarginalis and vittifrons stand together by having the costal region
of primaries from base to the t. p. line pale, discoloured ; an even streak
which does not invade the cell or the ordinary spots.
Next comes a longer series of species, in which the orbicular is open
to the costa and is more or less distinctly V shaped. ‘The costal region
may or may not be paler than the ground colour, and there may or may
not be a black filling in the cell around the spots; the open orbicular
distinguishes formalis, costata, confusa, crenulata, exsertistigma, letula,
discoidalis, niger, emarginata and meta. In addition to the character of
maculation all these species have the thoracic crest distinctly marked, and
furrowed or divided centrally.
This latter feature is also shared by méradi/is, which has contrasting
discoloured ordinary spots, and ine/egans, which has not much maculation
of any kind. |
All the rest of the species are more depressed or flattened, without
obvious thoracic tufting, and the orbicular is always completely defined,
never open to the costa.
Placida differs from all of those in this series by having an obvious:
median shade line.
Scopeops and vartata have a bluish underlay, which appears through-
out the wing and gives them a characteristic mottled appearance.
Then comes a series of species with somewhat elongate, subparallel
wings, with rounded or stumpy outer margins. They are all variable, and
it is difficult to divide them on exclusive characters. I include nefascia,
duanca, alternata, alcandola, Belfragei, anchoceliotdes, brunnetpennis and
cupidissima.
Last of all come fr/gona and sambo, two species with shortef,
broader, triangular wings, in which the apices are well marked and the
outer margins are oblique. |
Rhynchagroti, gilvipennis, Grt.
Our only species representing the yellow-winged forms of the old
world. It occurs throughout the Northern United States and Canada,
extending west to Calzsary and into British Columbia, but not reaching the
Pacific Coast. It extends northward to Anticosti and into Labrador and
probably throughout the boreal region. It is a close ally of the European
and Asiatic chardynil, Bdv., and was at one time supposed to be the
sume. ‘There is not much variation in the numerous specimens I have
seen.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 223
Rhynchagrotis rufipectus, Morr.
This species extends across the continent through the more northern
parts-of the country, but does not seem to extend southward in the Atlantic
Coast region nor in the Mississippi Valley. It does, however, extend
southward on the Pacific Coast, and is recorded from Los Angeles Co.,
in Southern California. In general the species is easily recognized, and
does not vary much in any one region. There is, however, a very decided
difference between the small dark gray specimens of the New England
States and the large reddish-gray examples that I have from Sierra Nevada.
With examples of the extremes only at hand, two species would be readily
accepted. Fortunately, in the series of examples from Kaslo, both forms
were found, taken apparently on the same dates. The gradation comes in
the form of a reddish powdering over the dark lustrous gray of the typical
furm. As this intensifies, the gray seems to disappear, until only the reddish
overlay remains, conveying the impression of a more thinly-scaled wing.
Rufipectus and brunneicollis are distinguished from all our other
species in having the head and collar velvety-brown.
Rhynchagrotis brunneicollis, Grt.
Has about the same general distribution in the Eastern United States
as the preceding, but seems to extend further southward along the
Atlantic Coast, and does not extend westward through Canada into
British Columbia, nor have I seen it from the Pacific Coast at any time.
It is larger than rufipectus, reddish and brown instead of gray, and the
transverse lines are geminate instead of single.
Rhynchag otis minimalis, Grt.
This species is rarely represented in collections, and specimens so
named are, as a rule, incorrectly determined. It differs from practically
all of the subsequent species by the single, instead of geminate median
lines, and in that character is not unlike rufipectus, which it does not
resemble in any other way. I have seen it only from Maine, Colorad
and British Columbia, and always in isolated specimens. . In colour it
resembles anchoceliotdes, and it may be mistaken for a disreputable form
of that species.
Rhynchagrotis bimarginalis, Grt.
Not in my collection and apparently very rare. Has been taken only
in New Mexico, and is easily recognizable by the pale yellow costa and
more bluish terminal space ; it is quite characteristic, and its only ally is
the next species.
224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Rhynchagrotis viltifrons, Grt.
All my specimens are from Stockton, Utah, September and October
or Fort Wingate, New Mexico, in September. The species is lustrous
smoky-blackish, without obvious maculation, but with collar and costal
margin from base to t. p. line broadly pale yellow. It differs from the
preceding in that the terminal space is concolorous with the main body of
the wing. The species is also recorded from Glenwood Springs, Colo.
Rhynchagrotis formalis, Grt. ’
This is an extremely interesting form from the Pacific Coast, extend:
ing from Southern California to Vancouver, and it needs a long Series to
appreciate its variations. In ground colour it ranges from red to deep
chocolate. brown, more or less powdered or washed with bluish, the costal
area paler and with the bluish more conspicuous, invading the open
V-shaped orbicular. ‘The transverse maculation is largely lost and the
terminal area is usually bluish, or at least a little paler. In the normal
form there is a black streak at base below the median vein, and the cell
before and between the ordinary spots is black. This is the facuda of
Grote, according to Hampson, and it varies in the direction of losing the
black filling of the cell. In the type of formalis the black basal streak is
lost, and this varies in the direction of losing the black filling in the cell,
and finally the black tip to the collar. This seems to make it a difficult
species to recognize, and so it is from limited material ; but these uniform
examples are in the minority, and, in almost every instance, there isa
darkening of the ground that locates the usual black markings. All the
examples before me, 15 in number, are from California, and illustrate the
extreme range of variation above given.
Rhynchagrotis costata, Grt.
This is not represented in the material before me. I have a coloured
figure made from the type many years ago, and that is very like Hampson’s
published figure. The species ts pale red-brown in colour, the costa
broadly paler, not crossed by the median lines, orbicular broadly
V-shaped. The t. a. line is obscure, and the basal streak seems to merge
gradually into the black filling of cell.
Rhynchagrotis confusa, Sm.
Resembles costata in a general way, but the transverse lines are
much better marked and, at base, the black streak usually curves down-
ward when it reaches the t. a. line, so as to form its inner defining element.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225
In the material before me is a nice series of 8 g’s and 7 9’s from
Mr. J. W. Cockle, taken at Kaslo, B. C., July to September, and they
indicate a very pretty range of variation, similar in scope to that in
Jormalis. The collar may or may not be black-tipped, a distinctly black
tip being rare, and the black filling of cell and basal streak may be totally
absent. In the iatter case there is usually an intensification of the red-
brown that brings out the pattern almost as well as the black.
Other localities represented in the material are Pullman, Washington;
Corfield, Vancouver ; Stockton, Utah; Monterey, California.
Rhynchagrotis crenulata, Sm.
This is a darker, more purplish-brown species, in which the costal
region is not contrastingly paler, and is crossed or marked by the median
lines. The collar is not noticeably black-tipped, but is inferiorly paler, or
is crossed by a pale transverse line, which may be black-edged. All the
examples before me are from Pullman, Washington ; Stockton, Utah, or
Placer Co., California, and those that are dated are in July.
Rhynchagrotis exsertistigma, Morr.
A dull luteous-brown, sordid-looking species with black-tipped collar.
The costa is of the palest wing colour, but not contrasting, and the pale
costal coloration does not fill the orbicular. ‘That spot is V-shaped and
open to the costa; but while its defining line is pale, the core of the spot
is of the darker colour of the wing, giving the insect a very characteristic
appearance as compared with its allies. As in the other species, the
amount of black varies, but in this form a completely black-filled cell is
the exception, while the uniform colour, free from contrasts, is the rule.
My examples are from California, Washington and Oregon.
Rhynchagrotis letula, Grt.
This ts an ally of the preceding, even more sordid-luteous in colour,
motiled with fuscous, and with the orbicular tending to close superiorly.
I have only a single defective example from Corvallis, Oregon. It is also
recorded from Washington and California.
Rhynchagrotis discoidalis, Grt.
Dull gray-brown in colour, mottled with smoky, the s. t. space darker
than the other parts of the wing, cell blackish between the ordinary spots,
orbicular round or oval rather than V-shaped, but incomplete superiorly
and open to the costal colouring. I have it from various points in
California, Stockton, Utah, and Fort Wingate, New Mexico. Dates are in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
tember. e is one of the most characteristic of the
sily recognized.
is niger, Sm.
, very dark smoky-brown, collar without lines or marks,
hculation of primaries almost lost, the ordinary spots marked
black filling in the cell; orbicular open to the costa. ‘The
ery characteristic, but I have only the types—one from
shington, the other from Moscow, Idaho, the former in
uly,
is emarginata, Grt
2 g’sand 1 Q that I have separated from formadis, and
ith a figure made from the type of emarginata. There are
f forme so close to this at first sight that I failed to
between them in 1892, and Sir George F. Hampson has, more
ninto the same error. Æmarginata differs from the most
formalis in having the transverse lines maked on costa
lack dots, the costal area is not in the least paler, and there
ce in tint between the base and upper portion of collar. In
y specimens and the drawing agree, and I have therefore
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227
crm — OS - — Ol ——
broadest-winged of the series, with a base of lilac-bluish, over which is the
prevailing wing colour, which ranges from a pale luteous to bronze-red in
one direction and smoky-gray in the other. The terminal space is always
pale, usually of the bluish base, and the broken median lines are usually
accompanied by the same bluish shading, which gives the appearance of
light, indefined bands across the wings. ‘The characteristic appearance so
imparted holds in all the variations of colour and makes the species almost
unmistakable.
The series of 16 g’s and 11 ¢’s before me shows a beautiful range
in coloration ; the localities extending from Kaslo, British Columbia, on
the north, to the Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, on the south, and from Glen-
wood Springs, Colorado, on the east, to the Sierra Nevada, California, on
the west. The palest specimens are from California, the darkest from
British Columbia. Dates are from June to August in the northern part of
its range, and from July to October in Arizona.
Rhynchagrotis scopeops, Dyar..
A very characteristic form, sim‘lar in many respects to variata, but
much smaller, narrower-winged and the unusually large ordinary spots
annulate with the pale or bluish underlay. The wings have a mottled
appearance, especially along the costa and basal area, which separates it
from placida. Kaslo, B. C., is the type locality, and from it Mr. Cockle
has sent me a few examples for examination. I have a single maie from
Newfoundland that I cannot separate, and which at present I believe to
be the same species.
Rhynchagrotis placida, Grt.
This specific name has served as a blanket for all the smaller narrow-
winged forms in which the terminal space is paler than the rest of the
wing and the colours range from red-brown to mouse-gray, the grays
predominating. ‘There are really two forms concerned, the type p/acida
with an obvious median shade line in both sexes, the other without this
character. There are other differences in detail, but this is the most easily
noted superficial feature. The range of p/acida extends through the
northern United States and Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific. I
do not have it from any southern locality at present.
Rhynchagrotis negascia, n. sp.
Similar to p/acida in size and general appearance, but with less
trigonate and more stumpy primaries. The absence of a distinct median
shade has been already noted, and, in addition, the ordinary spots are
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
reniform especially tending to become narrow, oblong, with
sunded rather than kidney-shaped. ‘The secondaries in both
ry evenly blackish, whereas in p/acida they are decidedly
base, and in no case evenly blackish. The primaries have
of being more densely scalded, and while finely powdered
even in general tint
sa large series of both sexes before me from Ft, Wingate,
and another, collected by Mr, Buchholz from Yavapai Co,
together of spread material there are 35 ¢’s and 47 9%
emarkable uniformity in general characteristics, while yet the
ce is contiastingly blue in some examples, nearly concolorous
d the predominating shade may range from creamy-luteous to
one direction and smoky or gray-brown in the other. The
ts are usually a litle darker and outlined by rather broad
ground colour
is inelegans, Sm.
ly obscure species which is not really well located here,
more obviously divided thoracic crest than the neigh:
But the ordinary spots are complete, and all the
THE CANADIAN ENLOMOLOGIST. 229
NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN HYDNOCERA
(COLEOPTERA).
BY A. B. WOLCOTT, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
The author has had in preparation a monograph of the genus
Hydnocera, it being now evident that the results can not be published for
some little time, and specimens having been sent out bearing MS. names,
it is thought advisable to make known some of the most conspicuous
forms among the new species.
Hydnocera ceruleipennis, n. sp.—General form of padlipennis, but
more elongate and shining. Dark bluish-green, elytra bright blue-green ;
\ antenna, palpi, all the tibiæ and front and middle tarsi pale testaceous,
| the two basal joints and club of antennæ, apices of palpi, labrum and
posterior tarsi piceous, the front and middle tarsi slightly infuscate, all the
green parts with metallic lustre. Antennz short, moderately slender, mass
acuminate at apex. Head with the large prominent eyes much wider
than the thorax, very finely and densely rugulose, front densely clothed
with short slivery white recumbent and long erect grayish hairs, a
conspicuous bunch of long erect grayish hairs below the eyes. Thorax as
long as broad. apical constriction strong, sides before the middle rather
strongly dilatated, sides posteriorly nearly straight, strongly convergent,
apical and basal transverse impressions strong, disc coarsely, densely but
not very deeply punctate, slightly rugulose at sides, lateral foveæ large,
deep, pubescence rather sparse, long, erect, gray. Scutellum densely
clothed with semirecumbent grayish pubescence. Elytra covering the
abdomen, scarcely wider at base than the head, twice as long as wide at
base, humeri moderately prominent, sides straight, moderately narrowing
to apex, apices separately rounded and dehiscent at suture, sides behind
the middle and apices strongly serrate, pubescence rather sparse, gray,
erect and semierect at base, becoming shorter, more dense and erect and
recumbent toward the apices, very coarsely, deeply and slightly confluently
punctate, punctures not smaller at apex and but slightly more confluent.
Legs long, slender, posterior femora not nearly attaining the apex of
elytra, clothed with long erect cinereous hairs. Meso- and metasternum
densely clothed with short silvery white recumbent pubescence ; abdomen
more sparsely, with longer white hairs. Length, 3.75 mm.
Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, 5,000-8,000 feet. July. F. H. Snow.
This beautiful species is very distinct from all the known species of
our fauna, the form of the prothorax agreeing very nearly with pad/ipennis
July, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
while the elytra are much longer than in those species, and
ly punctured than in any other species with elytra attenuate.
e feebly depressed at apical one-third, the apices being not
umid, the depressed third of elytra is in certain lights of a
It-blue tinge.
ra fallax, n, sp.—Robust, not strongly convex, black, with
ions, feebly shining, elytra blue-black, a narrow longitudinal
at base midway between the scutellum and the humeri
pre than one-third the length of elytra, antennæ, anterior and
hnd basal half of hind femora yellowish-testaceous, front tibiæ
margin piceous, hind tibi obscurely testaceous on outer
kal half of middle femora and tibiz slightly infuscate. Pubes-
Ir sparse, moderately long, grayish and semierect, most
on head, thorax and posterior half of elytra. Head with
pent eyes, one-fourth wider than thorax, front feebly and
sed, densely, finely rugosely punctate, ‘Thorax equally as
apical constriction strong, sides moderately dilated, behind
h strongly compressed, sides thence to base slightly divergent,
erse impressed line obsolete, subbasal impressed line short,
ide in a feeble fovea, basal margin reflexed, lateral foveæ
232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Hydnocera bimaculata, n. sp.—Large, robust, moderately depressed
aeneous-black, upper surface feebly shining, elytra and body beneat
moderately shining. Head very slightly wider than the thorax, eyes large
not very prominent, ciliate with long hairs, labrum, maxillary palpi am
antennæ yellowish-testaceous, labial palpi piceous, the basal joint yellow.
ish-testaceous, antenne moderately stout, slightly longer than the head,
mass obtusely rounded at apex, head very densely, moderately, coarsely
punctate, frontal impressions feeble, very sparsely clothed with recumbent
silvery-white pubescence and sparse, long, erect cinereous hairs. Thorax’
nearly one-fourth broader than long, apical constriction moderately
strong, sides broadly, moderately strongly dilated, posteriorly n
straight and convergent to base, apical transverse impressed
distinct, not deep, basal impressed line deep, extending f
side to side, the basal submargin is carinate and the cari
grooved, punctuation same as that of the head, at middle of api
margin finely, transversely rugose, middle of disc smooth, lateral foves
feeble and punctured, pubescence similar to that of the head, but with t
silvery-white pubescence semierect. Scutellum densely clothed wi
long, whitish, recumbent hairs. Elytra wider than head and thor
humeri obtusely rounded, sides straight, moderately narrowing posteriorly,
shorter than the abdomen, apices obtusely separately rounded, fi
serrate, narrowly dehiscent at suture, behind the middle a rounded
yellowish-testaceous maculation, which is densely clothed with transverse :
directed subrecumbent long whitish pubescence, the remainder of surface‘
with very sparse recumbent white and long semierect gray hairs, the
whitish hairs being most conspicuous at base, humeral regions and behind
the postmedian maculations, surface before the maculations rathef
coarsely, densely and confluently punctate, behind the maculatio®
moderately, coarsely scabrous, maculations finely and densely punctureds
elytra from apical two-fifths to apex rather strongly declivous, apices no!
tumid. Body beneath moderately clothed with long whitish hairs
abdomen sparsely pubescent, body finely, densely punctate, abdome!
more coarsely, less densely punctate. Legs dark, inner margin of frof
tibiæ, apex of middle tibiz and front and middle tarsi pale testaceous*
Length, 5.25 mm.
Amedee, Cal., 4,200 feet. Received from H. F. Wickham.
While closely allied to Wickhami, it differs in too many characters #
allow its union with that species ; the most conspicuous differenc€
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233
‘ing in the sculpture and form of the elytra, the sides being convergent
this species, while in Wickhami they are parallel. It also differs from’
Vickhami in having the long, erect, black hairs of the upper surface
‘anting, the colour is different, and there is no trace of elytral colour
sarkings in that species.
Hydnocera ornata, n. sp.—General form of Jongicollis. Black,
hining ; elytra each with a large basal maculation extending to the
middle, attaining the lateral margins at base but rapidly narrowing
posteriorly, narrowly interrupted at the suture, and with an obscurely
clouded area near scutellum, a large somewhat irregular longitudinal
maculation on lateral margin at apical third pale yellow. Pubescence
rather sparse, long, semierect, white, front of head densely clothed with
fine recumbent silvery white hairs. Antennæ and mouth pale yellow; eyes
large, prominent, head very large, shining, coarsely, very sparsely and
irregularly punctate, finely rugose above the eyes. Prothorax brightly
shining, much narrower than the head, more than one-fourth longer than
broad, nearly cylindrical, sides before the middle very feebly obtusely
rounded, apical constriction moderate, sides parallel behind, lateral foveæ
small, distinct, disc coarsely, very sparsely and vaguely punctate, sculpture
somewhat rugulose at the sides. Elytra at base slightly wider than the
head, humeri rather feeble, strongly attenuate, fully one-third shorter than
the abdomen, dehiscent at suture, apices rounded and strongly serrate,
tumid at apex, punctuation fine, nearly obsolete at base, more distinct but
sparse at middle, the individual punctures well separated except on the
tumefied portion, where they are very sparse and irregularly placed, some
being confluent. Legs pale yellowish, clothed with long sparse white
hairs, Length, 4.5 mm.
Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, 5,000-8,000 feet. Dr. F. H. Snow.
Closely allied to H. Guatemala, Gork., described from Guatemala,
but that species has the elytral apices truncate, the pubescence short and
depressed, and to judge by the figure (Biologia, III, 2, Tab. 9, fig. 3), has
the elytra somewhat longer, prothorax shorter and broader, less cylindrical,
and with apical and basal margins narrowly yellowish-white. Ornata
differs from /ongico//is by the shorter thorax, sculpture of the upper surface
and the colour pattern. The metasternal side pieces are densely clothed
With short recumbent white pubescence. The posterior femora scarcely
extend to apex of abdomen.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
EW AND LITTLE-KNOWN BE
RELL, ; COLORADO.
hia fulvitarsis, Cresson.—At Boulder, Colorado, May 21,
. Bennett took two females and a male of Zetralonéa at
The male is 7°! fu/vitarsis, while the females are Z
ll, This suggests that araga/i is the female of
nd although I cannot prove it, I believe this to be the case,
Length about 7 mm; black;
; clypeus shining, with sparse
ess of labrum broadly truncate; cheeks rounded,
, with a prominent longitudinal keel ; flagellum,
ginous beneath ; third antennal joint nearly as
following three together, these being very short; pubescence
audal fimbria pale golden ; tegule testaceous ; stigma and
s dark brown, small joints of tarsi ferrugi-
(specimen collected at Milwaukee by Dr.
ompared), but ring as follows: Clypeus shining;
h more slender basally ; face broader; frontal keel longer
srayish-white (not yellowish), very
ominent ; facial
en seen from in front ; thorax narrower, mesothorax wi
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
be observed is usually the expulsion of a transparent drop of
honeydew” from the very small anal
opening immediately beneath the base
of the cauda. Waxy drops of white,
yellow, brown, red or the deepest
black fluid may usually be seen at the
ame time as they are expelled from
the tips of the cornicles; and the
embryos, the eggs, or the genital organ
of the male, as the case may be, will
be protruded from the large genital
opening beneath the anal plate. (See
Neither the writer nor his helpers,
who have been observing the Aphididæ
ather carefully for a few years past,
Atsiomen af Aphid have ever found “honeydew” issuing
from the cornicles.
properly but one anal and one genital plate, each beneath
: A 5
238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
160. Melitæa olancha, Wright.—Similar to chalcedon, with which tt,
"is probably identical.
163. Melitæa sierra, Wright.—This species is given the indefinite
habitat “Sierra Nevadas.” Mr. E. J. Newcomer has given me several
specimens of a Melit@a which agree well with the description of sierra.
They came from Lake Tahoe (Eldorado Co., Calif.), at an elevation
about 6,800 ft, and were quite common in July.
170. AL. augustina, Wright.—Merely an aberration of augusta.
178. Af. eremita, Wright.—This is another species coming from one;
of Mr. Wright’s hidden localities in Central California. Collectors in this}
vicinity have noted a #/e/tæœa which has been rather common in the foot-:
hills here, and which appears to be eremita. It is rather doubtful, how-.
ever, if eremita will prove to be a valid species.
179. M. hermoso, Wright.—This species is well named, as it is:
indeed one of the most beautiful of the genus.
180. M. colonia, Wright.—Described from Mt. Hood, Oregon.
181. M. sabina, Wright.—Described from a single battered and
dilapidated specimen.
183. M. abnorma, Wright.—An aberration of Hoffmann.
184. AL mirabilis, Wright.— Another aberration, evidently of
Hoffmannt.
186. Jf. /eona, Wright.—A variety of /eonira, and may be obsoleta.
189. AL. cenita, Wright.—From Southern California.
198. Phyciodes pascoensis, Wright.—A slight variety of nycteis.
212. Synchloe Californica, Wright.—A good series of this distinct
species is figured.
222. Grapta chrysoptera, Wright.—Mr. Fordyce Grinnell (Ent
News, Nov., 1907) has recorded this species from the San Gabriel Mts.,
Southern California. The types came from Mendocino and Lake counties
AGAPETIDE.
249. Satyrus Stephensi, Wright.—This fine species is describe
from Northeastern California.
LYC.ENID.
328. Thecla avolona, Wright.— From Catalina Island.
347. Chrysophanus Del Sud, Wright, = hermes, Edw, — (Se
Coolidge, Psyche XIV, Dec., 1907). It seems rather odd that Wrigh
240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
and the nymphs in a pill-box, all on moist sand. On May 4th, when
examined, the nymphs appeared unusually swollen, so that parasitism was
suspected, and they were immediately isolated in small tubes with
absorbent cotton stoppers. The posterior portion of
the body of the host soon became translucent, indi
cating that parasite larvæ were at that end of the
body. The first adult parasites appeared May 22,
and 51 specimens issued from five ticks on the 22nd
and 23rd.
The full life-history of the parasite is not known,
and the time and method of oviposition would be
very interesting if they were known. It seems that
it is the habit of the host to drop off the animal to
which it is attached and to pass both moults on the
ground. This would afford a good opportunity for
the parasite to deposit its eggs while the young nymph
is awaiting a host animal. From the fact, however,
that a number of parasites issue from a single tick A
there is a possibility of a polyembryonic method of
Fig MH antercllus development, in which case it is likely that the
ilary palpus. Chalcidid may lay its egg in the egg of the tick.
The exact dates sent in by Mr. Hooker are as follows: April 16,
approximately the date when the nymphs became attached to the dog;
April 20 the engorged nymphs were collected ; May 12 parasites pupated ;
May 22 the parasites began to emerge. Parasites were bred only from
nymphs, and not from larvæ or from adults.
The parasite appears to be rather closely related to Ixodiphagus,
but will form a new genus. As pointed out in the article in Entomological
News above referred to, Ixodiphagus belongs to the subfamily Encyrtina,
but does not fit into any of its tribes. It will therefore be desirable to
found a new tribe, Ixodiphagini, to include Ixodiphagus and the new
genus Hunterellus, about to be described.
Family Encyrtipa&, Walker (1837).
Subfamily ENCYRTINÆ, How. (1886).
Tribe Ixodiphagini, How.
HUNTERELLUS, gen. nov.
Female.— Differs from Ixodiphagus in the following respects: Head
triangular when seen from side ; antennæ inserted well above middle of
THE CANADIAK ENTOMOLOGIST. 241
face ; face below insertion of antenne well-rounded ; distance between
lateral ocelli and median ocellus greater than that between one of the
‘laterals and the eye margin; maxillary palpi long; joints 2 and 3 sub-
‘equal in length, and each as long as or longer than 1, joint 4 longer than 3.
Male.—Resembles female except in antennæ, in which the funicle
joints are all of equal width, each somewhat longer than broad, and all
well separated, with rounded bases and sharply truncate tips ; moderately
hairy ; hairs not arranged in whorls.
Hunterellus Hookeri, n. sp.—Female.—Length, 0.85 mm.; expanse,
2.04 mm.; greatest width of fore wing, 0.35 mm. Head and mesonotum
very finely shagreened, somewhat shining and furnished with many fine,
short hairs. Mesopleura smooth, shining. General colour black.
Antenne dark fuscous. Front and middle tarsi and tibiæ dirty honey-
yellow ; hind tibiz brownish in middle, honey-yellow at either end ; front
and middle femora light at distal end. Veins of wing dark brown.
Male.—Resembles female except in antennæ, which are lighter in
colour. Described from four females and six males, reared May 22 from
Rhipicephalus Texanus collected on Mexican dog at Corpus Christi,
April 20, 1908.
U. S. National Museum, type No. 11,947.
“PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON AMERICAN CORIZINI
(HEMIPTERA).
BY C. F. BAKER, PARA, BRAZIL.
In Uhler’s check list there appeared eleven North American species
of this group, all under the genus Corizus. But one of these (Ayadinus)
had also been found in Europe. ‘Two were species of Dallas, one of Say,
.two of Stal, and the remainder date from the monograph of the genus by
Signoret, published in 1859 in the Ann. Ent. Soc., France. The descrip-
tions of Signoret are largely drawn from colour characters, and have
consequently been the cause of endless confusion and misunderstanding
in the determination of the species. The colour forms are simply multi-
tudinous “protean,” as stated by Distant. In large series from all parts of
North, Central and South America specimens may easily be discovered
that exactly fit the descriptions of Signoret, but they are mostly mere links
in vast intergrading series of forms. In collections where these forms me
July. 1908
242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
eee OO
represented by but a few specimens each, they are extremely difficult (0
understand. And this misunderstanding is frequently strengthened by the
fact that in a single locality races are likely to be found quite pure and
uniform.
The way was paved to a proper understanding of the group by Stal
in the ‘‘Enumeratio,” where he separated from the old genus Corisus a
number of subgenera, leaving under the original name only certain old
species grouped around crassicornis. These subgenera were exceedingly
well founded, since in a study of many species, other co-ordinated
characters may be discovered which were not used by Stal. These groups
are as well founded as the generally recognized and nearly related
Maccavethus, Brachycarenus and Corizomorpha, and are much more
readily separable than many other genera of the Coreidæ. For my own
convenience I call them ‘‘genera.” Apart from other considerations,
however, a careful study of these groups of Stal is the only path towards
bringing order out of the utter confusion in the arrangement of the species
in most American collections.
I have already before me something more than a thousand specimens
of this group. Many of these specimens have previously been studied by
Dr. Uhler and Mr. Heidemann. I have made a preliminary arrangement
of all this material, and shall be glad now to undertake the determination
of other collections, adding to such collections forms lacking to them in
return for any duplicates retained.
Genus Corizus, Fall.
But one species belonging to this genus, as limited by Stal, has ever
been described for North America—xnoveboracensis, recognized by Fitch
and described by Signoret. In American collections pale forms of this are
commonly referred to #ya/inus, which belongs in a different genus.
Nova boracensis is one of the most distinct species in the American fauna,
and is represented by various forms, especially towardsthe West. Pad/rdus
is a very common pale form found from Colorado to Nevada, but it agrees
in all essential characters with novedoracensis, and intergrades it through-
out its range. Some of the commoner forms of this species may be
temporarily separated as follows :
~ } THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 243
: ~
A. Smaller pale greenish forms; western............ pallidus, Baker.
AA. Larger, darker, brownish to blackish forms.
B. Scutel yellowish, whole insect pale brown ;
Nevada......................,..... intermedia, Baker.
BB. Scutel brown to black, body of various shades of brown,
but mostly dark.
C. Length, 6-7 mm.; E. U.S. to Nevada. xoveboracensis, Fh.
CC. Length, 7-9 mm.; Colo. to Nevada. . occidentalis, Baker.
BBB. Scutel and most of the body above, with the legs,
6) E:Co) .....plutonius, Baker.
Genus Lioruyssus, Stal.
This genus has but one known American species, Aya/inus, with
numerous forms everywhere. In but few cases are these even geograph-
ical, since the same ones constantly recur in widely-separated localities and
in all sorts of combinations. On!y in the extreme south have I found any
clearly-marked varieties. In Cuba all the individuals taken by me are
very dark, with disc of pronotum almost black. Some of these southern
forms deserve distinguishing names, if South American extensions of the
species have not already been named. Uhler has described one of the
western forms as viridicatus.
Genus NIESTHREA, Stal.
This genus contains the most highly-coloured species of the group,
! and is the largest genus in North America. Frequently small forms had
been determined for me as ventralis and side, but both of these, together
with scutatus and validus, were originally described as about 10 mm. in
length. The large forms constitute a well-defined series, which, with a
large amount of material before me, I believe to be of but specific value.
The validus of Uhler varies completely into the scufatus of Stal, which is
one of the most common species of the Pacific Slope. Ventra/is is but
sidæ with lateral rows of black dots on each ventral segment. Large series
collected in Nevada, Middle and Southern California and Mexico illustrate
very clearly the relation between these large forms. ‘The small forms of
the genus known to me appear to belong to but three specific groups,
but with many forms each; these are the /azeralis of Say, the pictipes of
Stal, and the side of Fabricius. Migristernum, recognized by Fitch and
described by Signoret, I believe to be the merest colour-form of /aferalis.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
form of /aferalis is common in the Middle States, extending
st and far to the West, and presenting a number of conspicu-
Individuals more or less suffused with red may occur in
of the speci nd especially in this. However, in the
f Southern California I found a uniform race of small roseat
duals that certainly deserve separate recognition, and I have
the form name roseus. The /uteo/us of Distant appears to be
variety of Zaferalis. The punctatus of Signoret (determined at
es for me as veufralis, which is a far larger and paler form)
the North-eastern United into Mexico and Central
d as a general thing is remarkably uniform for one of this
collected a smaller paler form in Nicaragua. Structurally,
extremely close to /ateralis.
ecific group, pictipes of Stal, is essentially southern, forms of the
ng abundant in West Indies, Me Central and South
L have many specimens of a very uniform race from Louisiana,
ss it will be found eastward and westward in the Gulf States.
ant in Nicaragua
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
he linear discal spot, to the inner margin, a broad gray area,
patch runs down from the costa sharply angled outwardly,
y line represented by dots running straight to inner margin.
beyond this of the same shape, with a faint line running
entre; the edge of the wing
bordered broadly with fuscous
Ih a zigzag white line runs to inner margin, ending in two
lots. Hind wings dusky, with traces of lines, intervenular
wings, fringe, intradiscal and extradiscal lines are broad and
spot prominent as above, hardly noticeable on the hind
y have above two broad wavy extradiscal bands ; and the
and hind wings have a dark border, which has a mottled
ft and 9, Mountain Lake, Va., June 14-21, 1907. The 4
s Braun’s collection, the 2, through her kindness, in my
,2 2s, Mountain Lake, Va., June 14-21, 16 Miss A.
in her collectio
lity and distinct species I have named after Miss Braun, who
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247
oo
bore the same label as the first. After studying them carefully, I was
surprised to find the two were different species, and both males, and also
hot conspecific with the two females at Cambridge, making three species
under one name. The two female (Texas) types were alike, but the males
were different species. The third male type (Mass.), Sanborn, I have been
unable to locate, though it may come to light in some of the Boston
Society of Natural History collections. The first male type, No. 1833 E,
$ quite large, has strongly-ciliated antennæ, long palpi, and pale outer
xtradiscal band strongly angulated below costa and prominent discal
ipot, wings dusky gray in colour. It comes rather close to my new
pecies, Æupithecia Grossbeckiata, but is almost twice as large and with
liferent markings. The second male, No. 1833a, is much smaller, of a
lull gray, and markings much like the first, only the antennz are simple
ind the palpi are very short. This is a male, though doubtfully labelled
y Packard ; so we have two males not conspecific, and, so far as I know,
indescribed. I have retained the name interruptofasciata (Pack.) on the
wo female Texas types (Belfrage), Oct. and Nov., as they are conspecific
ind in Packard’s own collection at Cambridge, Mass. I am not prepared
0 say what the two male Albany types are, except that at present they are
indescribed so far as I know. Last fall I took the males of E£.
nterruptofasciata in September, sparingly on the under side of White
Pine limbs at Bedford, Mass., and they agree exactly with the Texas
emales, and have simple antennæ. I shall make my males co-types, and
leposit one with Dr. Felt at Albany, so that he may have the species.
Mr. Taylor sent me one some time ago, among some Eupithecias for
dentification, which I believe was bred by Dr. Fletcher on the Juniper ;
tis slightly more of a brownish cast, where mine are gray. Early in May
l take a species, very close to interruptofasctata, yet there are marked
liferences, such as heavier extradiscal lines and no wave in it,
Dut the species may be double-brooded and variable. This species,
Eupithecia interruptofasciata, is easily told by the dashes on the veins
Tom the extradiscal line, and the line itself, when near inner margin, is
owed inwardly towards the body. ‘This I think settles the standing of
‘his species, as I know every type but the Mass. (Sanborn). It is not
Common with me, as I only take about six specimens every fall, and the
Males are less numerous than females. I wish to thank Dr. Felt and Mr.
Samuel Henshaw for valuable information and assistance, also Mr. Young,
of Albany, N. Y.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
ntomological Society has held its regular meetings, as far as
lery alternate week during the College year. The first meeting
krm was held on October 16th, and the last meeting of the
on March 18th.
headquarters of the Society are now at the Ontario Agricultural
helph, a ma of the regular attendants are, as would be
pllege students who are interested in some form of insect study.
s naturally had considerable influence upon the choice of the
th tings. It has been found that by careful
desirable subjects and by encouraging the students to take an
in the preparation of such subjects and in the discussions that
leading of each paper, the meetings become of great value to
nent the regular class-room work, A gratifying amount
m has been shown by the members of the Society throughout
Hd prospects are bright for still better work next year.
lowing is a list of the papers read
ynipid Galls,” by W. R. Thompson (3rd-year student).
Fight Against the Brown-tail Moth in Nova Scotia,” by Ts
year student).
Classification of the Heteropterous Land Forms,” by R. ©:
rd-year stude
CONTENTS
Lyman—Recent work among the Borers ................ ....., cee eee e ence 249
Ignotus anigmaticus—a correction. ......, suisse cee cere ceeceeeeens 255
The Quebec Suciety for the Protection of Plants............ ............... 256
Casey—Remarks on some Pselaphidi..........................,.,. cues 257
Casey—A new genus of Byrrhidæ.......,.........,....,....,...,.22. 28:
Davis—A Secondary Sexual Character of Aphididae .............. ....... . 233
Smith — Notes on the Species of Rhynchagrotis, etc, (concluded)............ 286
MacGillivray —Blennocampinaæ— Descriptions of new Genera, ete..... cos... 2kq
Colidge— Notes on Euchloe hyantis, Edw ............................,.... 298
Bueno— Some recent papers on Hemiptera .......... Coe ce eee gen
Meade—The Biter Bit................... .. cece nese er eteneeaces 403
Duane-- Notes on Fleas collected on Rat and Human hosts.................. 303
EDITED BY
REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE,
PROFESSOR OF ENTOMOLOGY,
ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH,
AUGUST, 1908.
LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND IITHOGRAPHING COMPANY,
1008.
ee EE a eR es ne
ns ee
he Ganatiay Bentomologist
TS
ne
Vou. XL. LONDON, AUGUST, 1908. No. 8.
RECENT WORK AMONG THE BORERS.
BY HENRY H. LYMAN, M. A., MONTREAL.
Since the publication in the September, 1905, number of this journal
of my paper entitled ‘‘ New Gortynas,” a number of papers dealing with
the same group of moths have appeared, which were naturally of great
interest to me.
In the March, 1907, number of the Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. appeared a
paper by Dr. H. G. Dyar, in which a new species was described under
the name Aydrecia stenoce/is, that author apparently using the names
Hydreca, Papaipema and Gortyna interchangeably.
The type of this species I saw during a recent visit to Washington,
and it is certainly a very distinct species, which could not be confounded
with any other form at present known. |
But the papers of most interest to me were those which appeared in
the August and September, 1907, numbers of this journal, from the pen of
Mr. H. Bird. In these papers the author has described a number of very
interesting species, and made a very considerable addition to our knowl-
edge of this group, in which he has for years done so much good work.
Mr. Bird very truly says that the working out of life histories in this
genus is a greater contribution to entomological knowledge than the mere
description of new forms, and this, I take it, would equally apply in the
case of most other genera. But Mr. Bird would not suggest that a species
should not be described unless its life history had been previously un-
ravelled, as he has himself described several species of which the early
stages are unknown. Moreover, the conditions in this group are very
different from those in most other genera, because these having boring
larvæ, it is generally easier to find the larvæ than the moths, and in many
cases the determination of the moths is difficult unless they have been
bred.
In the September number Mr. Bird described the species boring in
Pteris aquilina under the name fferisii. ‘This species I have had repre-
sented in my collection by a single specimen taken by one of our
250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Montreal collectors in 1903, and I was convinced of its distinctness, but
refrained from describing it from a single flown specimen, even though in
good condition. In 1904 Mr. Winn bred a single perfect specimen from
the Brake, which confirmed my belief in its distinctness, but Mr. Winn
submitted his specimen to Mr. Bird, who pronounced it purpurtfascia.
It was also bred at Ottawa by some of the Ottawa entomologists, and on
being submitted to Mr. Bird, he wrote that he knew the form “ like a
book,” and that it was only a variety of Æarrisii, and under that name it
was listed in Dr. Fletcher’s ‘ Record.” I tried to obtain the material to
breed these three forms side by side, but before I succeeded Mr. Bird’s
description appeared.
It matters little who describes a species so long as it is well done,
and I know of no one better qualified for the task than Mr. Bird, who
has made himself so thoroughly master of this group. I cannot, however,
congratulate him upon the name chosen. It was, perhaps, not unnatu-
rally supposed that the name was intended in some way to indicate the
food-plant, as in the case of baptisie, thalictri and eupatorii, but upon
objection being made that the genitive of pfer’s should be pferidis, the
author wrote that it was quite a mistake to suppose that the name was
intended to indicate the food-plant, and that the species was dedicated to
his pet cat which rejoices in the name Pterisius, and that those who spell
Harrisit with a capital should do the same in the case of Preriszz. One
may, perhaps, be pardoned for objecting, that, while this may satisfactorily
account for the Gerivation of the name of the moth, the derivation of the
name of the immortal cat remains obscure, but fancy bracketing Thaddeus
William Harris with a cat! ‘That yellow, sickly brake” may or may
not indicate the presence of this species, as I have examined more that
had not been bored than that had. My experience with the larva has
been limited to one season, but I have not found it especially parasitized,
as out of five or six mature larvæ found, [ ubtained four moths.
Mr. Bird’s statements in regard to my Gortyna @rata appear to me
a littie misleading. It was not I who referred it as a synonym of ne/ita,
Strecker, but Dr. J. B. Smith, on account of which I made a special
pilyrimage to Reading to see the types of Dr. Strecker’s species, and not
being able to discover any apparent difference beyond what might be
expected between flown and bred material, and not being one of those
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
at rest 13-16 inch, in motion 15-16 inch. Head yellow
purplish brown line running down each side, being appar-
olongation of the band of same colour below the subdorsal
+, and on it are the ocelli, but in some individuals this line is
rvical shield large, practically covering the whole of the first
ment, yellowish, lighter than the head, edged on each side
brown, the continuation of that shade below the subdorsal
of body practically the same as in ruéila, being purplish
dorsal and subdorsal pale cream colour or whitish stripes,
ot broken in any part, but are continuous from head to tail.
brown of the first four abdominal segments has the appear-
Ing deeper colour than on the rear seg , but this is
to the whitish stripes being narrower on these segments
se behind them. Warts strongly marked, darker than the
n ground colour, the seventh abdominal segment
» spiracle, setæ simple. Anal shield
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253
to agree with the structure of the true cerussata, but was later found to
agree closely with that of my fha/ictri, which he considers a proof that
thatictri, Lyman, and frigida, Smith, are identical. I may say that in
examining Dr. Smith’s specimens before publishing my description of
thalictri, 1 recognized a specimen of that form standing among his speci-
mens of cerussata, but I may be permitted to point out that while these
two figures, 25 and 26, are similar, they are still distinctly different, and
were regarded by Dr. Smith as representing distinct species.
In reference to the great similarity of cerussata and thalictri which
deceived Dr. Smith, I may mention that perfect bred specimens of the
latter, some of which were afterwards used by me as types, were sub-
mitted by me and other Canadian entomologists to Mr. Bird, and in
every case were pronounced by him cerussata “without any doubt,” and
that this opinion was maintained by him till I proved their distinctness.
In view of these facts, his statement that ‘‘their resemblance to cer ussata
is striking for a species whose larve differ so obviously, and it is likely
that flown examples of the one could easily be mistaken for the other,” is,
to say the least, refreshing in midsummer weather.
Mr. Bird’s contention that if var. perobsoleta and frigida are identical
there is no need of the name ¢hadictri for the white-marked form, I con-
sider absurd. The cases he brings forward of the differences between
specimens of speciosissima, Harrisii, inquæsita and purpurifascia are in
no sense parallel, as those differences are so slight as not to deceive any-
one, and intergrades also exist, while no one who did not know that
thalictri and perobsoleta belonged to the same species would have had
any hesitation in describing them as distinct, and as far as known no
intergrades exist, the case being exactly parallel to that of niteda and
nebris, as Mr. Bird has admitted in correspondence. As long, therefore,
as the names nite/a and nebris both stand, so long will ¢ha/ictri stand for
the form to which I applied it. Dr. Fletcher having submitted to Sir
George Hampson two specimens from Manitoba which he thought might
be the true /rigida, Sir George, on comparing them with a coloured
drawing of the type of /rigida, pronounced them the same, and quite
distinct from #Aa/ictri. Being extremely interested in the matter, I made
a trip to Washington, primarily to settle this question, taking with me
types of thafictri and var. ferobso/eta and the best one of Dr. Fletcher’s
specimens. On the first glance I: thought Sir George’s determination
254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
correct, as in colour and general appearance they agreed, but on a close
study I was forced to agree with Dr. Dyar that they were distinct, as the
course of the t. p. line in Dr. Fletcher's specimen was different.
As to the type of frigida, I could not say that it was identical with
my perobsoleta on account of its very poor and worn condition, nor, from
the same cause, could I pronounce it distinct. The course of the t. p.
line seems identical, and I admit that they may probably be the same,
but at the same time Mr. Bird has demonstrated that there are a number
of cases in this group where distinct species could not be separated if in
as poor condition as ts the type of frigida, and I think it a pity that a
species should be founded on a single specimen in such poor condition.
On my return home I reported the results of my examination to Dr.
Fletcher, and suggested his describing his specimen as a new species, but
he declined to do so, but added that I was welcome to do it, and to keep
the type, and I, therefore, describe it as follows :
Gortyna Aweme, n. sp.
Alar expanse, 33 mm. Primaries, what Guenée called “gris-incarnat”
(grayish flesh-colour), very similar in tone to those of tmmanis. Base of
wing light brown, beyond which between the basal and t. a. lines there isa
darker transverse shade, most distinct on the costa, and not reaching the
inner margin. The t. a. line runs first almost at right angles to the costa,
then curves inward and then outward, not quite reaching the inner margin.
The t. p. line is strongly curved outwardly around the reniform, and then
sweeps down to the inner margin, meeting it about at right angles. The
orbicular is very small, even minute, and consists of a dark brown ring
with light centre, the claviform is obsolete, the reniform is shaped like the
figure 8, but is solid dark brown.
The median shade is bent almost ata right angle, the apex of the
angle touching the lower lobe of the reniform, whence a dark shade strikes
inwardly almost to the orbicular and a little below it The dark colour
of the t. p. line runs out a little on the nervures, and the space between
the t. p. and s. t. lines has a slight tinge of mauve, which runs up to the
apex, The s, t. line is not very distinct, and the space beyond it and
below the apex is dark brown, which shade fades out towards the hind
angle. Secondaries decidedly lighter than in ¢mmants, so that there is
more contrast with the primaries than in that species, and there is a faint
and incomplete waved line partialiy crossing the centre of the wing.
256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
THE QUEBEC SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF
PLANTS.
At a meeting held at Macdonald College on June 24th, a new Society
called the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants from Insects and
Fungous Pests, was organized. The following officers were elected :
President—Prof. W. Lochhead, Macdonald College.
Vice-President— Frere Liguori, La Trappe, Oka.
Sec. Treas.— Douglas Weir, Macdonald College.
Directors—Rev. Dr. Fyles, Levis, P.Q.; Rev. G. Ducharme, Rigaud,
P. Q.; Auguste Dupuis, Village des Aulnaies; A. F. Winn, Montreal
Dr. W. Grignon, Ste. Adele.
Curator-Librarian—J. M. Swaine, Macdonald College.
A substantial grant has been given the Society by the Department
Agriculture of Quebec.
Among those present at the meeting were: Rev. Dr. Camp
Montreal; Rev. Dr. Fyles, Levis; Rev. G. Ducharme, Rigaud ; Dr. J
W. Robertson, Ste. Anne de Bellevue ; Frere Liguori, La Trappe, Oka
Norman Jack, Chateauguay Basin ; Peter Reid, Chateauguay Basin: Dr.
W. Grignon, Ste. Adele ; Prof. W. Lochhead, Macdonald College ; J. M:
Swaine, Macdonald College ; Prof. F. C. Harrison, Macdonald College;
Dr. J. L. Todd, Macdonald College ; Douglas Weir, Macdonald College;
Prof. S. Blair, Macdonald College.
Letters were received from Abbe Huard, Quebec; Or. Fletcher,
Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montregl; Mr. Chagnon, Montreal ; Auguste
Dupuis, Village des Aulnaies; Mr. Delaire, St. Hyacinthe ; A. L.
Tourchot, St Hyacinthe, expressing their approval of the formation of the
Society, and their regrets that they could not attend, through pressure of:
other duties.
The success of the new Society is practically assured on account of
the interest manifested by both French and English workers. It is truly
provincial in its aims, work and membership. There will be two meetings
each year, a general winter meeting at Macdonald College for the transac-.
tion of necessary business, the reading of reports and papers, and a general
review of the year's work : and a summer field meeting at some outside
point in the Province of Quebec. As the Society exists for the benefit of
the Province, it is urged that all outbreaks of insect and fungus pests be
reported to the Secretary of the Society, Macdonald College, so that
possible help may be given prometly.
258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
oO
the extreme sides of the front ; in Pycnoplectus there are two much largefs
widely-separated foveæ, connected by a large and deep narrowly-paraboli€
sulcus, giving a habitus not remotely resembling that of Eup/ectus. Zolius
has a deep sulcus on the flanks of the elytra, proceeding from &@
subhumeral pit not even suggested in AZe/bu, and the modifications of the
head are also different. I have no doubt at all that these three genera
are valid, thus leaving six genera which alone are probably synonyms ot
subgenera; these are: Fudiscus, Nicotheus (not Micotheus as printed in the
work under discussion), Misa, Pytna, Actiastes and Dalmosella, although
each of the last four refers to a specially-modified group, /Visa_ being
peculiar in the terminal joints of the male antenne, Pyfna in having
carinæ on the under surface of the femora instead of the spines of typical
Tyrus, Dalmosella in its very much more slender and parallel form than
in any of the species of AZe/ba, where the hind body is constantly
inflated, and Actiastes, differing from Actium in the markedly different
position of the cephalic foveæ. These four probably represent subgenera
therefore.
Ogmocerus, Raffr.
This genus includes some of the largest known Pselaphids and is
confined to the continent of Africa, where individuals of all the four or
five species hitherto described are exceedingly rare, being represented by
uniques at present.
Ogmocerus Raffrayi, n. sp.—Form stout, moderately convex, piceous-
black, subopaque, the elytra and abdomen feebly shining and very finely,
rather closely punctulate ; head and prothorax coarsely, very densely,
punctato-scabrous, the former longer than wide, oval, moderately narrowed
to the broad neck, where there is a tuft of dense setz at each side ; foveæ
large but obscure; eyes small, before the middle; front narrowed,
parallel, flat, inclined upward, the median depression at apex moderate ;
antennæ nearly as long as the entire body, the cylindric basal joint feebly .
sigmoid, as long as the head and prothorax combined, two to eleven
together gradually and moderately enlarged, with straight sides, becoming
decidedly stout at the antennal apex, second joint as long as wide, third
shorter than wide, fourth a third, fifth and sixth one-half, longer than wide,
seventh a little less, eighth about as long as wide, its apex angulate, ninth
and tenth a third wider than long, the eleventh oval and as long as the
two preceding, all the joints herissate with moderate setæ; prothorax wider
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. - 259
than the head, a fifth wider than long, obtrapezoidal, with a deep impres-
sion at each side behind the middle; elytra much wider, slightly transverse,
with humeri longitudinally tumid dorsally, the fine discal stria extending to
apical sixth ; abdomen as wide as the elytra and distinctly longer, rather
strongly convex toward the median line, broadly margined ; legs long and
thick, especially the femora. Length, 3.75 mm.; width, 1.3 mm. Liberia
(Mt. Coffee).
A description of this species was sent to Mr. Raffray more than a
year ago, and in reply 1 was informed that it pertained to a species
different from any yet described ; so it gives me pleasure to dedicate it” to
that accomplished specialist.
Brachygluta, Thoms.
| The following species belongs to the group containing arizone,
fexana and loripes, distinguished by the greatly-developed basal tergite of
the males, this being the only segment visible from a dorsal viewpoint.
Brachygluta jacobina, n. sp.—Convex, the hind body much inflated,
the anterior parts relatively slender, convex, bright testaceous, shining,
having distinct subdecumbent yellowish pubescence ; head a little wider
than long, the three pubescent foveæ distinct, the eyes large, convex and
subbasal; antenne half as long as the body, rather slender, the club
gradually enlarged, the last joint as long as the preceding three, oval ;
prothorax slightly transverse, equal in width to the head, strongly con-
stricted behind the middle, the three pubescent foveæ strong and normal *
elytra distinctly shorter than wide, still more transverse in the female,
expanded posteriorly, the humeri rounded, the fine discal stria extending
toward tip ; abdomen of the male with the first dorsal transverse, much
shorter than the elytra, with its apex broadly sinuate and deflexed, the
median part of the apex thinner and punctureless, the second dorsal
short, obliquely bi-impressed at the middle, its apex also very broadly but
extremely feebly sinuate, with the edge thinned ; hind tibiæ feebly bent
distally. Length, 1.35 mm.; width, 0.65-0.7 mm. ‘California (San
Diego). ;
The female is a little smaller, notably more slender and with more
abbreviated elytra than the male, having the abdominal segments normal,
several behind the first being visible from above. This species differs
from Joripes in its less obese form and shorter first tergite, with less
prominent and more broadly sinuate apex in the male.
960 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Batrisodes, Reitt.
A very large genus possessing two types in America, one with the
head and antenne of the males curiously modified and in very diversified
manner, this type occurring in the Atlantic regions, and the other having
little or no sexual modification of the head and antenne, but with a
very large cavity near the apex of the male abdomen, this occurring only
in the true Pacific coast fauna. The polarity theory of sexual characters,
enunciated, I believe, by LeConte, is well illustrated by these two classes of
males. The following species deserve notice at the present time :
Species of the Pacific regions.
Apart from monticola, distinguished by its deep black colour,
occiduus, distinct in its short and rapidly-widening elytra, and cicatricosus,
denticauda and pygidialis, characterized by peculiarities of sculpture and
by the structure of the pygidium, there are at hand six closely-allied
smooth polished species, which may be distinguished among themselves
as follows :
First dorsal segment with the two median basal elevations prolonged for
some distance posteriorly in slender carinæ. Species of the interior
and more elevated regions ....,...............,.... ses. 2
First dorsal with the two basal elevations not or scarcely at all prolonged
posteriorly. Species of the coast regions.......,......... .....4
2. Abdominal carinz separated by a distance which is distinctly less than
that separating either from the inner line of the lateral margin.
Nevada (Reno)..............................sephyrinus, Csy.
Abdominal carinæ more widely separated, the distance between them
about equal to that separating either from the inner line of the lateral
margin ; body a little stouter, the antennæ rather more slender. ...3
3. Anterior transverse margin of the abdominal excavation of the male
feebly and narrowly arcuate and produced at the middle. Shining,
subimpunctate, sparsely but rather coarsely pubescent, testaceous,
though much darker than zep/yrmus, the head and antennz nearly
similar and of the usual type in this group ; prothorax somewhat
longer than wide and a little narrower than the head, the median
sulcus distinct to anterior two-fifths ; elytra nearly as long as wide,
broadly arcuate laterally, arcuately converging at the sides basally,
the humeri moderately tumid longitudinally ; three basal foveæ on
each distinct, equal and perforate, the two inner very approximate, a
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261
few rather coarse but feeble punctures basally ; abdomen as wide as
the elytra, but not quite so long, slightly narrowed basally to the
elytral apex. Length, 2.25 mm.; width, 0.8 mm. California (Lake
Tahoe), also northward to Washington State....... lustrans, n. Sp.
Anterior transverse margin almost straight, the excavation slightly
larger than in /gsfrans and more transverse. Body throughout
nearly similar, except that there is no evident median pronotal sulcus
before the fovea, the elytra not so inflated, and with less arcuate
sides, the sides evenly converging to the base, without trace of
humeri from a vertical viewpoint, the surface very minutely, sparsely
punctulate throughout, the two inner of the basal foveæ separated by
their own diameter ; abdomen similar in form, as long and wide as
the elytra ; colour very dark testaceous, the surface highly polished
throughout. Length, 2.1 mm.; width, 0.76 mm. California
(Tulare Co.)............................... Tulareanus, n. sp.
4. Abdominal excavation of the male somewhat oval, about as wide as
long, its anterior transverse margin straight; body larger and stouter;
ninth antennal joint about as long as wide. British Columbia
(Vancouver to Metlakatla) .................... Albionicus, Aubé
Abdominal. excavation rounded, its anterior margin slightly arcuate
medially but scarcely observably so; body much smaller and more
slender, the ninth antennal joint evidently transverse. California
(San Francisco to Sta. Cruz)..................... speculum, Csy.
Abdominal excavation much larger, decidedly transverse, its anterior
margin conspicuously arcuate and broadly projecting ; body other-
wise nearly as in speculum, except that it is not quite so slender, and
rather more coarsely pubescent. California (Soda Springs, Anderson
Valley, Mendocino Co.) ....................... Mendocino, Csy.
Occiduus, Csy., belongs very near speculum and Mendocino, but is
readily distinguishable by its shorter and more rapidly expanded elytra,
much longer abdomen and shallower abdominal excavation of the male
than in any of the above species ; it occurs in Humboldt Co., California.
Pygidialis, Csy., and cicatricosus, Bndl., are evidently very closely allied,
having the same very coarse scar-like elytral punctures and denticulate
humeri ; actual comparison of the types will be necessary to decide this
perhaps, if the language of the description of the latter should prove to be
misleading.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Species of the Atlantic regions.
lowing species are described in every instance from the male
bdes declivis, ». sp.—Form, coloration and sculpture nearly as
a, the abdomen having the same gradually pointed form; head
dually and evenly declivous from the interfoveal convexity to
apex, withour break in continuity, and coarsely, densely
brous, the small and fine ambient sulcus similarly feebly
he antennal prominences feeble ; clypeal margin evenly and
luato-truncate throughout the width ; antennæ similar, except
limate joint is subglobular and less transverse, and having
deep circular pit in basal two-thirds, the
narrower than the tenth, elongate, gradually
ghtly elongate, decidedly narrower
late humeri ; abdomen
lly long; pygidium similarly
obtuse from a dorsal view:
tra similar, having finely dent
apical indentation, which is
mm. width, 0.78 mm, Tow,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263
and rectilinearly truncate, not broadly arcuato-truncate as in that species, the
clypeus with its pubescent median tubercle and the antennz nearly similar,
the latter still more elongate, with the large terminal conoidal joint
similarly simple and not excavated beneath ; elytra a little more elongate,
as long as the abdomen, the humeral elevation not denticulate ; pygidium
and abdofnen similar. Length, 1.95 mm.; width, 0.7 mm. Pennsylvania
(Westmoreland Co.).
Very close to punctifrons, but the character of the frontal sculpture,
and particularly the pubescence of the frontal slope, is markedly different.
Another species of this group is represented in my collection by a single
female taken at Cincinnati by Mr. Dury.
Batrisodes tridens, n. sp.—Dark castaneous, the elytra brighter
testaceous, subimpunctate, the pubescence long, coarse and distinct; head
large, subquadrate, wider than long, carinate at each side above, the eyes
rather small, not very. prominent, the large nude foveæ and ambient sulcus
as usual; frontal margin transversely bilobed, the intermediate broad
sinus having, at the lower margin of the sinuosity, a short lamina as in
striatus, except that here it is tridentate, the clypeus separated from the
upper front by the same transverse excavation, and having at each side a
large and sharply-angulate wing, the lower conical part of the clypeus
rounded at apex, having on its upper part between the ale a tubercle
which is biseriately setulose, and, in addition, with a very large porrect
and transversely projecting yellow seta at each side ; antenna: moderate,
the basal joint large, strongly rounded beneath, compressed and bearing on
its anterior face a large oval concavity, which is minutely granulato-pune-
tate, second to eighth cylindric, second longer than wide, intermediate
joints as long as wide, ninth larger, transverse, tenth large, subglobo e,
wider than long, scarcely modified on its under surface, though apparently
with a small rounded subbasal areola, eleventh conoidal, not quite as wide
as the tenth, acutely pointed, unmodified ; prothorax of the usual form,
not quite as wide as the head, tristriate and with two short discal cari :
elytra with oblique and prominent denticuiate butmeri; abdomen
unmodified at apex. Length, 2.1 mm.; width, 0.74 tm. Msn (st,
Louis).
This fine species evidently belongs in the vicinity of sfpsutus, Vus,
but differs in its paler coloration, tridentate medion fiontal latina and
concave basal joint of the antennæ amo:,g other cuaracien,.
264 THE UANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST.
Cavicornis is taken in some abundance by Mr. Dury near Cincinnati,
and globosus is also common there; the latter is apparently the most
abundant and one of the most widely-diffused species of the genus.
Frontalis, Lec., is the largest and finest species known to me, and is also
widely diffused, though less common; all my examples are males, and
were taken in Pennsylvania, Missouri and Wisconsin.
Pycnoplectus, Csy.
The species of Euplectus, as regarded by Raffray, were divided by
the writer (Ann. N. Y. Acad., 1893, p. 454) into three groups, then held
to be subgeneric. Subsequently (I. c., 1897, p. 552) cogent reasons were
given for regarding the first of these groups as of full generic value, and I
am even more convinced of the correctness of this course now than then.
It may be added that the third group, there composed of perfenuis alone,
is also a distinct genus to be described subsequently.
Pycnoplectus Florida, n. sp.—Moderately stout, bright testaceous
throughout, polished, impunctate, moderately and somewhat sparsely
pubescent ; head wider than long, the eyes well developed, convex, at
rather less than their own length from the base, the tempora moderately
converging and rounded ; two pubescent foveæ separated by fully half the
total width, the ambient sulcus very coarse and deep, triangular in course,
with the apex narrowly truncate behind the thick and medially depressed
frontal margin ; antenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, the
last three joints very gradually wider; occiput feebly and narrowly
impressed at the middle ; prothorax wider than long, as wide as the head,
the three subbasal and single discal foveæ well developed ; elytra about
as long as the head and prothorax and much wider, rather longer
than wide, the basal impression obsolete at basal fourth, the intermediate
basal fovea small but distinct ; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra,
and evidently longer, the first two dorsals impressed and bicarinate
medially at base. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, o.3 mm. Florida.
Resembles Z/udsonicus somewhat, but much more completely impunc-
tate, and having more elongate antennz and relatively longer elytra.
Pycnoplectus longipennis, n. sp.—Form somewhat as in Florida,
slender, siniularly impunctate, polished and moderately convex, dark
testaceous, finely, not conspicuously pubescent, the hairs decumbent; head
but little wider than long, nearly as in /dortde,; prothorax much less
transverse and decidedly narrower than the head, but little wider than
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 265
Jong, the sabbasal foveæ distinct, the discal moderate and slightly elongate;
elytra a little longer than the head and prothorax and very much wider,
somewhat longer than wide, perceptibiy wider at apex than at base, the
basal impression broad, becoming obsolete a little beyond basal third;
abdomen as in Floride. Length, 1.3 mm.; wicth. 0.35 mm. Pennsylvania
(Westmoreland Co.), P. Jerome Schmitt.
The male has the fourth ventral—not the fith of Raffray—simple, the
fifth with a posteriorly arcuate flat eievation in basal half and median
seventh, the sixth broadly, feebly and simply impressed, and the seventh, or
rhomboidal ventral pygidium, large, convex and medially carinulate.
Pycnoplectus impressiceps, 0. sp.—Body more jinear and much
stouter, rather convex, the nicd body iess decidedly wider than the anterior
parts, the pubescence moderately ‘ong and conspicuous, similarly dark
testaceous, shining and subimpunctate ; nead nearly similar, the eyes a
little larger, the ambient suicus deep:y impressed, especially anteriorly,
the sides of the upper surface feebiy and coarseis undulato-rugose but not
punctate ; prothorax much wider than ing anc fui.y as wide as the head,
the discal fovea very deep, somewhat ova! : eivtra somewhat shorter than
the head and prothorax, and a Imtie snorer than wide, convex, the discal
basal impression obsolete at about ine middie of the ;ength ; abdomen
much narrower than the elytra and ¢cua.ty cong. the caring of the two
basal tergites distinct. Length, 1.38 mm.: width, 3.45 min. Pennsyl-
vania (Westmoreland Co.), P. Jerome S:r1n'tt
The male in this unusuaily short, sors and convex species has two
transverse carinæ on the median wransverse Vine near the middie of the
fourth ventral, the fifth with a mec:an ¢yracuida! tumor, the tinth broasly
impressed medially, with t#o sma.:: rosnded ? tercles weparated by about
a fifth of the width of the segmer:i. "+ ‘arse convex carinula’s ventral
pygidium as usual
Eusletu:. Lee.
The species of this genus ave very Castine: from the preceding in
their flattened form and smaer 2:50 Late Cote. fone anon other
characters.
Euplectus Acomanus,n.$p.— locas Cee Cie lee en,
the elytra more rufous; putescen ce tere a a ut Thigh
distinct, subdecumbent, tie hair. cet ee pe tetoniy on
the elytra ; head large, transverse 22 ÿ wr 4e ie patie, tue
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
tely small, but slightly prominent; foveæ separated by less
ance of either from the eye ; surface coarsely, densely pune-
here except in the moderate frontal depression, bounded by the
1 sulci; antennæ one-half longer than the head ; prothorax
wer than the head, slightly wider than long, shining, minutely
ctate, the discal fovea la! and elongate ; elytra parallel, as
head and prothorax, and slightly wider than the former,
bnger than wide, the discal stria evident, extending slighily
niddle ; abdominal segments equal, not quite as wide as the
nsal medial impressions subobsolete. Length, 1.3-1.4 mm.
im. New Mexico (Cloudcroft), Warren Knaus,
has a large, deep, rounded impression involving the median
xth and anterior part of the seventh or large convex ventral
e latter with a double impressed longitudinal line.
Dur pi, n lender, less linear and depressed, shining
piceo-testaceous, the pubescence moderate ; head wider
moderately large, the eyes small, the tempora converging
truncate base ; f e small, separated equally from each
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267
Pe
Separated foveæ of Pycnoplectus, and resembling Æzuplectus in this feature
4S well as in the linear subdepressed form and general facies, but the eyes
are far down on the sides of the head and the antennæ much more like
those of Trimium, having the last joint relatively large, as in Actium, the
ninth and tenth short, though not shorter than the preceding joints, and
less transverse and lenticular than in the Zrimium series. The four
species in my cabinet are assignable to two groups, as follows :
Cephalic foveæ united by a broad, deep and continuous ambient sulcus,
the frontal margin thick and convex ..........................0
Cephalic foveæ large, though in the same position, elongate-oval,
disconnected from the transverse frontal sulcus, the frontal margin
acute and laminate ..................................... 123
2 Body extremely slender, filifurm, pale flavo-testaceous in colour, some-
what shining, the pubescence rather abundant and distinct but
decumbent ; head subparallel, but little wider than long, punctured
laterally ; prothorax as long as wide, narrower than the head, of the
USUal form in ÆEuplectus, the surface finely, loosely punctate, more
strongly basally ; transverse sulcus subobsolete ; elytra parallel, but
little wider than the head, much longer than wide, the juxta-
humeral impression obsolete at basal fourth ; abdomen parallel,
almost as wide and fully as long as the elytra. Length, 0.85 mm.;
Width, o.2 mm. (9). District of Columbia and Pennsylvania
(Westmoreland Co.).......................... . pertenuts, Csy.
30dy Slender, linear and subdepressed but broader and perceptibly
larger than in pertenuis, pale testaceous, rather inconspicuously
Pubescent ; head but slightly wider than long, parallel and straight
at the sides, broadly sinuate at base, the eyes at more than their own
length from the rounded basal angles ; surface moderately convex,
POlished, the two small deep perforate and nude foveæ mutually
SéParated by a little less than either from the eye, the ambient sulcus
shallower that in pertenuts ; surface sparsely but coarsely, not very
©€ply punctate laterally ; tenth antennal joint fully three times as
Wide as long, the eleventh rather longer than the four preceding
“Om bined ; prothorax about as long as wide, narrower than the head,
Ore broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly than in pertenuts
lished, sparsely, subasperately punctate, the foveæ large as usual, .
© transverse sulcus barely traceable; elytra slightly shorter than the
£a and prothorax, but little wider than the former, slightly though
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
bviously longer than wide, parallel, the impression extending
basal third ; abdomen as in fertenuis, Male with two small
ld and projecting median lobes and three sinuses at the apex
fourth ventral, the fifth with a small tubercle opposite each of
eral sinuses, and a small setigerous tubercle opposite the
and rather deepest sinus; sixth segment broadly and strongly
almost throughout its width, the seventh convex and longi-
carinulate; median trochanters with a small posterior tooth.
| omm.; width, o.25 mm.(¢, 9): Pennsylvania (Westmore-
.), Schmitt, and Ohio (Cincinnati), Dury... fidiformis, n. sp.
er stouter and Jess parallel than in the preceding species,
a infuscate; pubescence rather
cuous ; head but little wider than long, the sides feebly
ing basally, the eyes at much more than their own length
dark testaceous, the elyt
the latter broadly sinuate ; occiput with a fine axial
, sparsely and equally punctate
foveæ large, elongate, deep, mutually separated
m the eye, their posterior part pubescent;
mpunetate ; antenna as in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269
a
Form more slender, very much smaller in size, linear, testaceous
throughout ; head scarcely wider than long, formed nearly as in
insolens, finely, sparsely perferato-punctate but more remotely so
medially ; foveæ large, separated distinctly more than either from the
eye, the frontal sulcus and its laminate anterior wall similar ;
Prothorax nearly similar in form and finely, sparsely, uniformly
Perferato-punctate, with the lateral teeth small but distinct, very
Much smaller than the head, the fovez all smaller and more feeble
than in any other species ; elytra shining and very minutely, sparsely
Pünctulate as usual, subelongate, distinctly wider than the head,
Parallel, with feebly arcuate sides, the impression otsolete at basal
third ; abdomen nearly as in insolens. Male apparently with sitple
characters, the seventh ventral as in inso/ens but more rarrowly and
Parabolically rounded behind ; last dorsai rather turnid or strongly,
longitudinally convex along a transverse subapical line, Langth,
0.8 mm.; width, o.2 mm ‘27 Onto (Ciwinnatiy, Pury...
csiliisimur, M, 4.
My only example of exilissimus is ina very fragmentary condition,
so that it is difficult to even measure It, and (26 snale te204! Chala tens are
for the most part concealed by the meounti.g , ito: one Of the traces!
and Most minute of the entire Pieapiife. In gateing over tne
Pselaphide of my collection, it may <= cat za. To AeIGE at he stsiles!
and MOst slender species are Tacsiastes atratu:, thloplectus sufurpr ini
Dalmoselig tenuis, which are certainly 2 *» 2 nine EAP Le Wide
wonderful of the inhabitants of ::‘: 22722.
Adium. +7.
The following species of 2ii3 zero: nes te ave og es pend
at the present opportanizy :
Adium bicolor, n Sp —%. ter ee tet ak Mh
pubescence fine and TROON A ee a run
at base and apex. 224 stat et te a A can
form, the two pubescen: fovew 12-387 0 4 i tat
the ambient sulcus Wery Sere tc ree 4
Fadually wider, the lanes =#27 1‘. +. .
| 8 long as the precedizg 22. + 1°,
| han long and distineziy wer i © 4 pt et
| at the sides anterioris. <>": - EE à on on ons 4 148}
€ + * on ee, “its ’ / vet 29
270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
two basal foveze connected by the posteriorly cuspid transverse sulcus ;
elytra scarcely as long as wide, almost twice as wide as the prothorax, the
sides rounded, the humeri distinct, the sulcus obsolete at or a little before
the middle ; surface punctured apically, the basal foveæ three in number;
abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra and not quite as long, very
deciivous posteriorly as usual, the basal segment with two slender parallel
carinæ separated by almost half the total width and extending somewhat
beyond the middle of the segment, the second segment with two similar
though slightly smaller carinæ. Afa/e with the fourth segment extremely —
short at the middle, the fifth short even at the sides, disappearing at the
middle, the sixth very large, punctulate, broadly flattened or feebly
concave toward the middle, the operculum of the seventh segment densely
punctulate, small, transversely oval and eccentric. Length, 1.25 mm;
width, 0.46 mm. New Mexico (Cloudcroft}, Warren Knaus.
This species somewhat resembles po/itum of the Pacific coast fauna
but is smaller; it may be recognized at once by its peculiar coloration.
Actium retractum, n. sp.—Smaller and much more slender and
depressed, polished, pale testaceous throughout, subimpunctate, the
pubescence inconspicuous ; head well developed for this genus, though
distinctly narrower than the prothorax, the widely-distant foveæ united bya :
feeble ambient sulcus ; antennæ more slender though similar, the tenth’
joint not quite so transverse, the eleventh more slender, conoidal, as long
as the five preceding ; prothorax relatively large, distinctly wider than
long, more strongly narrowed basally, the foveæ and transverse sulcus as
usual ; elytra evidently though not greatly shorter than wide, scarcely
one-half wider than the prothorax, the sides arcuate, the humeri evenly
rounding, the sulcus traceable to the middle, the basal foveæ three in
number ; abdomen as long as the elytra and nearly as wide, less declivous
posteriorly than in the preceding, the first dorsal with two. very short
carinules separated by less than a third the total width, the second without
visible carinules. ÆA/a/e with the first three ventral sutures straight from
side to side, the others strongly sinuate, the fifth segment short at the
middle, the sixth large and punctulate but scarcely more than flattened
medially ; the nearly flat operculum of the seventh is very large, sparsely
punctulate, slightly wider than long. Length, 1.2 mm.; width, 0.33 mm.
d; 9). Queen Charlotte Islands, J. H. Keen.
Allied to the candidum, marinicum, pacificum group of the genus_—
much more parallel in form and smaller than the typical species.
THE CASALIAS ESTOS EMOET
4
Actium blandum, n sp.— Form sunt enc comiem. win ue Luc Dotr
inflated as in pfo/tfum and other Dm wes. cues: forme. sakcur. E. S:U::L-
punctate, moderate'y pubescenz vew pee Éars-epateums congas :
head small, with rather lage poomineu: sres. utters zt it ficegr
throughout, except that the tenit AM jour 25 ult EE “renEvesse,
not quite three times as wide as tong: prulnurax 25 wwUg at WISE. wc. wider
than the head, prommenit)s sutanguizie 2° cut SIGE Dezr 26 120%. whe
sides subsinuately converpmg theuce 12 tut Dest. cut gere) fovem 2 25e.
each with a short stiff seta ; eivtra aeercr as song 28 wide fous LT wicer
Des en.
than the prothorax, the sides arcuz:s tut Lune: Jiruse:y angles and
distinct, the sulcus traceatue no: ue 14 cue mOÉ +. tué vate. fovee two
in number ; abdomen narrower 200 mac suues ut tue sites, the Ext
dorsal with two parallel carmz in near: besa: ue eud seperated by about
a fourth the entire width, the seconc Gorsz. witseut vaste Carica. Sale
with ventrals two to five gradvai:r suomes aivag tie wedier line, the
sutures becoming more sinnai¢, wt £:x1L segment Urge, urate. Et arcely
modified, the flat opercaium of ine seven: very large. subimpunctate,
elliptical and slightly elongate, cena aud nv. at el eccentric. Length,
25 mm.; width, 048 mm Pennevivania Westmureianc Co.) Scninin.
This species approaches the wes: cos: furcus in ow lse mure €
USE
than any other eastern species La: J] tate seen it Chess, neverthe ess,
very greatly in male sexual characte: fon. eue. Wes as tir5'or. The
Trimium durum, Of Brendel, it orted sogethes Uy Kaffray : it seems
to be an Adium, but is unknow:, to 111€.
Pseudatium, i. 4.08.
A special genus seems tu be uecessary fr Certain species resem. bing
Actium in general orgapizaticn. bot Of iutte jutalei frin. much later
head and distinctly differen: arte, tue fetver having the Club mure
Euplectiform, as shown by Brenc-. i: tue case of a iv: cca) species : Tr.
PE do
Am. Ent Soc, 1893, pl IV, fg. 5: Te acute side marg'ns cf the
Prothorax, large pubescen: C:scze! fovea correctes Ly a transverse
biarcuate groove and subbemera. pubesce:.: furea with attendant lo gi-
tudina] pleural sulcus, aud EG jai L'avéos La. seutnents. are as 00 félin.
The three species known to te ma € be esen led as flows, the first being
the type :
Preudactium Caroinz, L. $j. Porm serndur, moderately convex,
Polished, subimpunctate, rather spersciy and inconspicuously pubescent,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
cous ; head wider than long, with two pubescent foveæ
y half the entire width and connected by a simple
leus, the eyes rather small, the tempora converging slightly ;
p-half longer than the head, rather slender, the three joints of
dually wider, ninth and tenth between two and three times as
mmetric, the eleventh obtusely ogival apically, as long as
hg three ; prothorax equal in width to the head, a little wider
he sides strongly rounded anteriorly, converging and néarly
m somewhat before the middle to the base, the pubescent
onnecting biarcuate sulcus deep ; elytra slightly shorter than
Frately inflated distally, not quite one-half wider than the
he sides rounded ; humeri narrowly exposed, distinct ; suleus
hewhat behind the middle, the base with a very minute and
mediate fovea ; abdomen slightly narrower and a little longer
parallel, the first dorsal with a transverse nude
ssion in median third but not carinate. Length, 1.15 mm;
mm. North Carolina, Schmitt
female. The erect minutely capitate sete of the under
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 273
Se
Differs profoundly from the preceding species in its more obese form,
greater convexity and very much more developed elytra.
Pseudactium cephalicum, n. sp.--Form narrower, more depressed and
parallel, shining, subimpunctate, dark testaceous, the pubescence much
longer and more conspicuous than in either of the preceding ; head nearly
as in.the preceding, larger, wider than long, the eyes rather small, convex,
the tempora somewhat strongly converging ; antennæ with the last joint
but little longer than the preceding three, rather acutely pointed; prothorax
evidently narrower than the head, wider than long, constituted as in the
preceding ; elytra more nearly as in Carolinæ, much shorter than wide,
barely one-half wider than the prothorax, rounded and basally narrowed
at the sides, the dorsal stria unusually developed, obsolete at apical third ;
abdomen slightly narrower and evidently longer than the elytra, the basal
impression of the first dorsal very feeble. Length, 1.35 mm.; width, o 38
mm. Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.), Schmitt.
This species ts represented by the female alone and is more closely
allied to Caroling than to mellinum, but differs from both in its much
longer pubescence and more elongate discal stria of the elytra. The
species described by Brendel under the name Zrimioplectus? parabolicus,
is evidently a member of this genus, but differs, among other features, in
its very abbreviated elytral stria or sulcus, which is said to extend only a
fifth from the base. The locality was not mentioned by the describer, but
the type was probably found in Iowa.
Oropus, Csy.
This is probably the largest genus of peculiarly Pacific coast Psela-
phidæ, and numerous species have come to light since my last revision.
They are rather closely allied among themselves, but may be assigned to
three easily-recognized divisions, as follows :
Basal segment of the dorsum but little longer than the second ........2
Basal segment much elongated, constituting nearly half the abdomen as
viewed from above ............................(Group IIL) 12
2. ares | stouter and more convex species, the elytra about as long as
wide .......... Lee ..(Group I) 3
Smaller, more “slender and more » depressed s species, “the ‘elytra always
distinctly shorter than wide, with the rounded sides more diverging
from the base ........ .............(GrouplIl)9
3. Head large, about as wide : as 5 the prothorax Dove cece e eee ee eed
Head smaller, always distinctly narrower than the prothorax ... ......6
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275
—
third discal stria extending nearly to apical fourth; abdomen slightly
Shorter than the elytra and not quite as wide, the first dorsal
impressed and puberulent at base ; ventral sexual characters of the
male simple, the sixth segment feebly tumid laterally. Length, 2.0
mm.; width, 0.8 mm. British Columbia (Metlakatla), J.. H. Keen,
and Vancouver Island........................... Keeni, n. Sp.
8. Larger species, some 2 mm. in length, the head unusually small, very
much narrower than the prothorax; basal impression of the abdomen
wider, about half the total width. Vancouver Island.. striatus, Lec.
Maller species, the head larger, though evidently narrower than the
prothorax ; basal impression of the abdomen narrower, evidently
less than one-half the total width, and more strongly bilobed.
California (Humboldt to Sonoma) .............. abbreviatus, Csy.
9. Antennal club very stout, the two penultimate joints strongly trans-
VETSE .. cee cece ee ce ee ee ee eee eee eee ee ee ee esse ee 10
Antennal club more slender, the penultimate joints very moderately
transverse ............................ eee ee ee eee teenies VI
to. Species of the Sierras, the head small, very much narrower than the
prothorax; second elytral stria broadly amalgamating with the sutural
stria near apical third. California (Placer Co.) ..... montanus, Csy.
Species of the northern coast regions, larger in size, the second stria
free throughout ; head moderately small though very obviously
narrower than the prothorax, the eyes moderate, though a little more
Prominent, evenly castaneo-testaceous, polished, moderately convex,
the pubescence rather sparse and inconspicuous ; prothorax a little
wider than long, of the usual form, finely, sparsely perforato-
punctate, the lateral teeth small and rather obtuse ; elytra more
Strongly, though sparsely and more rugusely punctate; elytra
transverse, one-half longer and wider than the prothorax, the sides
Strongly diverging and broadly arcuate from base to apex, the
elongate humeral callus strong ; abdomen with unusually arcuate
sides, as wide as the elytra and much longer, the basal impression
nearly one-half the total width. Length, 2.0 mm.; width, 0.72 mm.
British Columbia (Metlakatla), Keen...........drevipennis, n. sp.
IL Last two joints of the antennal funicle shorter than the preceding,
though scarcely at all broader, strongly transverse, the club about as
long as the preceding six joints combined, with unusually little
Last
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
—
difference in size and form between its first two joints, both silly
twice as wide as long, the last joint gradually pointed, but little w me
than the tenth and as long as the four preceding combined; pow
dark testaceous, polished, the head nearly as wide as the prothos any
the lateral teeth of the latter strong, broadly angulate ; elytra =
abdomen nearly as in brevipennis. Length, 1.7 mm; width, o —o3
mm. California (Humboldt Co.)..............curtipennis, n. ©
two joints of the antennal funicle not materially shorter €
more transverse than the preceding; antennal club relatively sm
more slender but with the joints rather more rapidly increasing |
size, the ninth and tenth differing more markedly in size and not ;
transverse ; body nearly similar, though darker in colour, the elyæÆ—
sometimes brighter and rufescent, the lustre shining; punctuati =”
rather more evident ; head a little smaller, more distinctly narrow
than the prothorax; hind body similar though very slightly lE=
inflated, the entire outline rather more slender than in curtipenrr
Length, 1.7 mm.; width, 0.6 mm. California (San Francisco a =
Marin Co’s.)......... pace eee eee ee een eee CEStANEKS, 1. =
12. Elytra evidently shorter than wide ...............
Elytra as long as wide ; form slender ...........................
13. Moderately stout, rather convex, shining, dark testaceous, the pub —™
cence rather long and distinct; head of the usual form and structu
the antenne stout apically, the ninth and tenth joints twice as wi
as long, the last stout and rather longer than the preceding thre—
prothorax slightly wider than the head, of the usual form and scu Æ
ture, the punctures strong and evident, though not dense; late =
teeth small but distinct and spiniform ; elytra with rounded sid
which are more converging and rounded basally, the humeral cal #4
moderate ; striæ as usual; surface minutely, sparsely punctulat «©
abdomen not quite as long or wide as the elytra, the basal impressi ««<
wider than usual, more than half the total width. Afa/e with 1 Æ
fourth dorsal broadly concave, impunctate and glabrous, the surfa “©
gradually curved posteriorly above and subacute, so that ==!
reverse side appears from above as a pronounced tooth behind tz ?
broadly and feebly parabolic hind margin of the third segment, whiee!
is herissate with longer dense hairs, the acute upper tip of the four a)
is also tufted with very short fine and dense hairs. Length, 1.7 ma?
width, 0.63 mm. California (Sta. Cruz Co.).........dasalis, n. s WP
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 277
———
rt
‘orm less stout, smaller in size, moderately convex, shining, testaceous,
the pubescence rather more herissate and evident; head more
transverse, with slightly smaller foveæ; antennz nearly similar, the
penultimate joints slightly more transverse ; prothorax somewhat
wider than the head, of the usual form and with the usual sulci and
foveæ, but having the sculpture between the transverse groove and
base granulose and not rather coarsely and simply punctate as in
Sasalis, the lateral teeth smaller and more angular ; elytra nearly as
in dasalis, but with less evident humeri, the abdomen almost similar,
rather shorter than the elytra and virtually as wide. Afa/e with
Nearly similar sexual characters. In the original description the
Posterior abdominal tooth was erroneously described as pertaining to
the tip of the third segment. California (Marin Co.). .cavicauda, Csy.
: Form slender, moderately convex, testaceous, distinctly and coarsely
though sparsely pubescent; head and antennæ nearly as in cavicauda,
the former with very small sparse granules, the antennæ about as
long as the head and prothorax, the latter slightly wider than the
head, very nearly as long as wide, having the usual sulci and foveæ,
the surface finely, sparsely, subasperately punctulate, the area between
transverse groove and base finely and sparsely granose ; lateral teeth
€ xtremely feeble and obtuse ; elytra as long as the head and pro-
thorax, the humeri distinct, the sides broadly arcuate, the striæ as
Usual ; abdomen evidently shorter than the elytra, though about as
wide, the basal segment long but very evidently less than half the
length from above. Length, 1.4 mm.; width, 0.48 mm. California
(Siskiyou Co.).....................,............debilis, n. Sp.
_ The last species is founded upon a specimen formerly placed with
Uicauda (Ann. N. Y. Acad., VII, 1893, p. 448); it is assumed to bea
Male, but differs from the female of dasa/is, which has the fourth dorsal
‘ebly convex and similar to the Others, in having that segment broadly
lattened or feebly concave. It is evidently a distinct species.
The third group, comprising the last three species of the table, has
Very much more accentuated male sexual characters than the others, and
Ne more elongate first dorsal gives its species a peculiar appearance; they
ate the smallest of the genus, but otherwise there is no difference of a
Beteric nature ; the relative size of the basal segment therefore appears to
of very much less significance here than among the allies of Zyimium.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
of the two sexes are very unequally represented in the
for, in the first group, out of seventeen examples before
lems to be only one male, and the second, having
lytra, out of twelve examples there is but one female ; in the
among five examples, three are males and two females.
le or no sexual difference in structure, size or general
Rhexius, Lec
nus, composed of smaller and more slender species, replaces
le Atlantic regions of America, and has very much the same
b, differing profoundly, however, in the constricted and greatly
x of the prothorax, elongate basal antennal joint and general
discal elytral striw, The single lateral and subposterior
th of Oropus is replaced by three minute and equidistant
g the arcuate part of each side. The sexual characters are
than in Orôpus, there being no dorsal modifications, and the
; merely larger and more apically impressed in the male; there
form or habitus. The species are
allied among Ives, necessitating careful observa-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279
the four perforate basal foveæ well developed ; sutural stria fine, the
others obsolete ; abdomen about as long and wide as the elytra,
the basal segment slightly longer than the second, with a basal
impression in fully median half. Length, 1.4 mm.; width, 0.5 mm.
Mississippi (Vicksburg), [New Orleans,—Leconte]. .iuscu/ptus, Lec.
Form similar but much smaller in size, the head similar, except that
the fovese are smaller and feebler and the anterior pit small, feebler
and transversely oval, the frontal edge not fine and acute, but low and
broadly convex as usual ; occipital carina finer and shorter, the
antenne nearly similar ; prothorax smaller and less transverse, very
distinctly narrower than the head ; elytra more distinctly shorter
than wide, not as long as the head and prothorax, and only a third
wider than the former, otherwise similar, the median discal impres-
sion, in neither case striiform, extending rather further from the base;
abdomen about as wide as the elytra and very evidently longer.
Length, 1.25 mm.; width, 0.42 mm. Missouri (St. Louis).
hirsutus, n. Sp.
3- Prothorax small, much narrower than the head ................... 4
Prothorax larger, subequal in width to the head.....................0
4. Head larger, moderately transverse, the eyes small, at about twice their
own length from the base, the first antennal joint thicker, as longs as
the next six, as wide as the second and fully half as wide as the
eleventh, its upper surface punctato-rugulose and hairy, the long
erect hairs of its under surface conspicuous ; frontal pit small, trans-
verse, the depressed frontal margin thick and convex, granuiose ;
surface strongly granose laterally ; prothorax distinctly transverse,
smooth, convex and polished, tumid and stronily granuse
basally, also in and near the anterior stricture. having the
usual sulci and disconnected basal fovew; elvtra distinctly shorter
than wide, much shorter than the head = and prothorax,
scarcely a third wider than the head, the sides diverging and
arcuate, the humeri feeble, the discal impression short and broad,
not quite extending to basal third, the surface minutely. sparsely
asperulato-punctate ; abdomen fully as wide as the elytra and
evidently longer, the basal impression in median half abruptly and
obliquely limited at the sides. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, 0.5 mm.
District of Columbia......... ....................rnuber,n.sp.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
ively smaller, the front similar, the basal antennal joint
more slender, not quite as wide as the second and less than
thick as the eleventh, its upper surface smooth and almost
255
yes unusually large, convex and
hent, at barely their own length from the base; surface smooth
lus ; eyes larger. .
lished medially, finely, sparsely granose laterally ; prothorax
as in ruber, but more finely and sparsely granose basally and
not quite so abbreviated, shining, the discal
ytra larg
sion strong and broad basally, but with its internal part
Led posteriorly, becoming obsolete only behind the middle;
en about as long
the elytra and nearly as wide, rounded at
les, the basal impression almost similar. Afa/e with the last
arge, nearly as long medially as the three preceding com:
gradually strongly and broadly impressed toward apex, the hind
thin and sublaminate. Length, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.52 mm.
lvania (Westmoreland Co.), P, Jerome Schmitt,
ferrugineus, n. sp
long, the eyes well developed, but
> than their own length from the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281
than usual, more than half as thick as the eleventh, finely punctato-
rugose, and with bristling pubescence ; prothorax with the usual
sulci and foveæ, moderately transverse, only slightly narrower than
the head, very sparsely granose at base; elytra but little shorter than
wide, fully as long as the head and prothorax and nearly one-half
wider, the humeri pronounced, the discal lines rather distinct, the
second extending to slightly before, the third to slightly behind, the
middie ; abdomen about as long and wide as the elytra, the basal
impression nearly half the total width, limited abruptly by oblique
lines at the sides. Length, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.54 mm. Virginia
(Norfolk)... ns. . eee . virginicus, D, Sp.
Form, colour and general characters nearly as in ‘the preceding, but
with the basal joint of the antennæ sensibly more slender in the male,
as compared with the male of wérginicus; general form a little stouter
throughout, the prothorax decidedly shorter and more transverse,
scarcely visibly narrower than the head; elytra broader, much more
evidently shorter than wide, the second impression very short, basal,
the juxta-humeral impression large and deep, rapidly becoming very
faint and narrow, and barely traceable to the middle; abdomen
nearly similar. Length, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.58 mm. Cab. Levette,
probably from Indiana................ ese eees transversus, n. Sp.
The last two species, and particularly wirginicus, are probably more
especially allied to sudstriatus, Lec., founded upon a unique from Tampa,
Fla. which I have not seen: it is said to be larger, darker and less convex
than inseulptus, the eyes small, the elytra each with four faint striæ, of
which the subhumeral is longer and more distinct, the others extending
only to about the middle ; the antennæ have the ninth and tenth joints
less abruptly larger than in inscudptus. The length is 1.5 mm.
Mr. Keen has recently sent me aspecimen of Megarafonus ventralis,
from Metlakatla, British Columbia, showing that its range is somewhat
extended.
A NEW GENUS OF BYRRHID.
BY THOS. L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.
The following is one of the more interesting of the many recent
discoveries of Mr. J. H. Keen, and I have taken advantage of the present
‘portunity to süggest for it a probable systematic position in the Byrrhid
Kries ; .
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Exoma, n. gen
all, oval, very convex, the elytral striæ so deeply impressed
rse sulci; head deflexed, deeply inserted, subquadrate, the
| margin reflexed, the clypeus short, broadly arcuate ; labrum
se, sinuate, vertically inflexed under the clypeus; maxillary
last joint oval, acuminate ; eyes basal, flattened, trans-
convex separated facets; the antennæ are rr-jointed,
nall ante-ocular excavations, slender but short, the basal
bval, the last three larger, gradually increasing and forming
srosternum broadly lobed anteriorly, flattened and produced
xs
, its sinuato-truncate apex received within a mesosternal
je middle coxæ ; metasternum ample, the episterna narrow
y fused ; abdomen with five free segments, much above the
etasternum ; epipleurze broad, parallel and horizontal to the
asternum, being there abruptly broken, ascending and
disaf before the apex; the
pleura forms a shelter for the
arin
narrowed
of the
wo anterior free though retractile ; tarsi well
hairy, the first and fifth joints of the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283
rs
A SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER OF APHIDIDÆ.
BY JOHN J. DAVIS,
Office of the State Entomologist, Urbana, Illinois.
A character of the oviparous females of Aphids which has been
Pr€viously mentioned in descriptions, but which, so far as I can learn, has
never been treated as a secondary sexual character, is the presence of
S€Msoria upon the hind tibiæ, in consequence of which the hind tibiæ are
USually noticeably swollen. The term “ sensoria,” in Aphid descriptions,
Was first used by Professor O. W. Oestlund, in his ‘Synopsis of the
Aphididæ of Minnesota” (1887), in referring to the pores on the antenne.
Buckton, in his “ Monograph of the British Aphides,” Vol. I (1875),
P- 104, probably referred to these sensorial pores when he wrote, in his
©Scription of the apterous oviparous female of Siphonophora rose,
€aum., that “the hind tibiæ are furnished with numerous tubercular
$Pots, which probably assist the insect in arranging the soft and glutinous
©&s in the recesses of the leaf buds.” Also in Volumes I and II of this
Säme work he mentions, in the descriptions of the apterous oviparous
females of Stphonophora dirhoda, Walk.; Aphis edentula, Buck.; A. pruni,
À Eaum.; A. viburni, Schr.; A. sambucaria, Pass., and Chaitophorus
#2222 (?), Buck., that the hind tibiæ are flattened, expanded or dilated.
ref. These so-called pores or tubercular spots on the hind tibiæ were first
or ©rred to as sensoria by Dr. S. A. Forbes, who, in the Eighteenth Report
The State Entomologist of Illinois (1894), mentions and figures them as
fe ing conspicuously present on the hind tibize of the apterous oviparous
ti pales of Aphis maidi-radicis, Forbes. Since then, mention of these
pal sensoria as occurring on the sexual females of Siphocoryne avene,
br. and Hormaphis hamamelidis, Fitch, has been made by Mr. Theo.
Ly "æande in Bulletin 44 (1904) and in Technical Bulletin 9 (1901) of the
re; S. Bureau of Entomology; by Professor E. Dwight Sanderson, who
f= fers to them as “ pores” in his descriptions of the apterous oviparous
my ales of Aphis pomi, De G.; A. sorbi, Kalt., and A. drevis, Sand. (he
SQ shows these “pores” in his figure of Aphis Fitchii = Siphocoryne
a ene, but makes no mention of them in his description), in the Thirteenth
a M nual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Delaware (1892),
ao in Entomological News (1906), in his description of the apterous ovipar-
S females of Macrosiphum granaria, Buck., he says: ‘* meta-tibie with
} “A rmerous pores”; by Miss Edith M. Patch, who, in Bulletin 147 of the
= zine Agricultural Experiment Station (1907), mentions and figures the
yo M2 Soria on the hind tibiæ of ALacrostphum solantfolit, Ashm.; and by
LR D fessor F. L. Washburn, in CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (1908), who found
<m present on the hind tibie of the apterous oviparous females of
P=xoptera graminum, Rond.
August, 1908
Can. ENT., VOL. XL. PLATE 8.
SENSORIA ON HIND TIBIAE OF APHIDIDAE.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285 ~
In a recent letter from Professor C. P. Gillette, he writes that he has
examined a few species, contained in the collection of the State Agricul-
tural College of Colorado, namely: Brachycolus Ballii, Gill.; Callipterus |
sp., C. discolor, Mon.; Drepanosiphum Braggii, Gill.; D. acerifolii, Thos.,
and Chaitophorus nigra, Oest., and all bore sensoria on the hind tibiæ of
the sexual females, they being rather obscure in the species of Cal/ipterus
and Brachycolus.
I have found these tibial sensoria on the oviparous females of Siska
fava, Forbes ; Callipterus trifolii, Mon.; Aphis brevis, Sand.; A. maidi-
radicis, Forbes; A. Folsomti, Davis; Myzus eleagni (?), Del Guer.;
Macrosiphum liriodendri, Mon.; Rhopalosiphum berberidis, Kalt., and
Drepanosiphum acerifolis, Thos.
Thus we find that these sexual tibial sensoria have been found present
on species representing twelve different genera, namely: Wacrosiphum,
Myzus, Rhopalosiphum, Drepanosiphum, Aphis, Sisha, Siphocoryne,
Chaitophorus, Callipterus, Toxoptera, Brachycolus, and Hormaphis.
I have examined many species for these tibial sensoria, and have
never found them present on the hind tibiæ of viviparous females or
males, but have always found them present on oviparous females.
Although a positive statement can not now be made with our present
knowledge, still it is quite probable that the hind tibiæ of the oviparous
females of the Aphididae, or at least of the subfamilies Pemphigine,
Schizoneurina, Lachnine, and Aphidine, are usually noticeably swollen,
and always bear more or less distinct and numerous sensoria. I know of
no other definite character for the distinguishing of the viviparous and
oviparous females, excepting the presence of either embryos or eggs in the
body. Mention has been made by several authors that the oviparous
females of certain species hold their bodies vertical to the surface upon
which they are resting. I have observed this characteristic position as
common to the sexual females, especially with Sis/a flava and Aphis
maidi-radicis, but I find that it is not constant with all species, nor is it
always the case with the two species above mentioned.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 8.
Hind tibiæ of oviparous females of (1) Jlacrosiphum liriodendri,
Mon.; (2) Aphis Folsomit, Davis ; (3) Drepanosiphum acerifolii, Thos.;
(4) Æhopalosiphum berberidis, Kalt.; (5) Apis maidt-radicts, Forbes ;
(6) Mysus claagni (?), Del Guer.; (7) Sipha flava, Forbes ; and (8)
Callipterus trifolii, Mon.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
THE SPECIES OF RHYNCHAGROTIS, SM., WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
JOHN HE. SMITH, SCD. NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.
(Continued from page 228.)
tis alternata, Grt.
the well-known, widely-distributed species which does not vary
as variata, but not so broad-winged, the
usually of some shade of luteous, more or less mottled, and
ler, though rarely contrasting. From all its
is almost as larg:
rminal space pi
rs in the large, ovate, oblique orbicular and large reniform,
be kidney-shaped or a little constricted; both maculæ pale-
e transverse maculation is usually all present, but broken.
ial before me range throughout the
es and Canada to the Rocky Mountains, southward down
ppi Valley into Ohio, and along the Atlantic Coast to the
presented in the mate
Folumbia.
Belfragei, Sm
wer winged, darker and even in
rdinary spots are concolorous,
the orbicular more nearly
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287
Rhynchagrotis cupidissima, Grt.
There is a long series collected by Mr. Buchholz in Yavapai County,
Arizona, that shows a fine series of variations. As compared with the
preceding, this is a slightly larger species, tending to luteous or creamy,
a red tinge being exceptional, and usually accompanied by a dark s. t.
shade preceding the s. t. line, while the terminal space becomes paler.
There is rarely a distinctly darker costal blotch preceding s. t. line,
although the s. t. shade is always best marked on the costa. The second-
aries are almost blackish in both sexes, and the species is, on the whole,
very characteristic.
The range of distribution is wide, specimens from Chicago matching
others from Arizona so closely that no differences are notable, and
California examples matching others from New Mexico. The Chicago
examples were taken by Mr. Healy in June and August, and while I
questioned the accuracy of the records when the specimens were first
received, there seems to be no doubt that the specimens were actually
taken there.
Rh ynchagrotis trigona, Sm.
This species differs at once from all the preceding in the shorter,
broader, more triangular wings. The primaries are usually of some shade
of pale luteous, tending to receive a reddish admixture in one direction
and a smoky admixture in another. Asa rule, while all the maculation is
- present in the specimens, it is scarcely relieved and does not disturb the
apparent uniformity of the wing. Exceptionally the ordinary spots will
become black, contrasting, and the lines, or some of them, may be blackish.
J have a long series of examples” from Colorado Springs in June and
July, a very long series taken by Mr. Buchholz in Yavapai Co., Arizona,
in July, and a small series from Fort Wingate, New Mexico, in July.
Altogether over 100 examples, and enough to get a fairly good idea of
what the species looks like.
Rhynchagrotis sambo, n. sp.
Has the frigonate primaries of ¢rigona, but is smaller and the wings
are a little longer, not quite so stubby. Maculation also as in frigonu,
but much better defined, the ordinary spots being usually black or
contrastingly darker, while the s. t. line is pale, preceded by a distinct
blackish or dusky shading. While there are some almost uniform examples,
the tendency is all in the opposite direction, the basal area becoming
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
reen the basal and t. a. line until a conspicuous black band
le s. t. space in turn may also become darker until it is com-
k-filled ; one example, with basal and s.t. bands and the
bts lost, presenting an appearance that proved puzzling until
bw in hand was examined. Secondaries blackish, fringes rufous.
8 inches = 29-32 mm.
/.—Kaslo, British Columbia, July and August, Mr. Cockle;
B. C., in July, Mr. Wallis, through Dr. Fletcher ; Ainsworth,
ly, Mr, Findlay, also through Dr. Fletcher.
is of 12 d'sand 12 t of them in good or fair con-
while extremely variable, yet in altogether a different direction
a, which is approached only in ‘one or two very uniform
alcandola, Sm
i colour pale luteous-gray. Sides of palpi dark brown.
ery uniform in ral tint. Basal line barely indicated on
line faintly indicated scattered black scales, its course
geminate, consisting rather of venular
s, very evenly outcurved over the cell and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289
BLENNOCAMPINÆ—DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND
SPECIES—SYNONYMICAL NOTES.
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.
The genera of the subfamily. Blennocampinæ, as understood by the
writer, can b: differentiated by the following characters : front wings with
the radial cross-vein, the radio-medial cross vein, and the free parts of R,
and R, always present ; the medio-cubital cross-vein joined to the vein
$c+R + M at or near the origin of media, its distance from media always
less than one-half the length of the cross-vein, and always parallel to the
vein M, ,,; the base of the third anal vein atrophied, or at least in part,
so that the anal cells are of the petiolate type; the antennæ with nine
segments ; the body short and stout.
Selandria (Blennocampa) floridana, Cr.—This species belongs to
the genus Pareophora.
Neopareophora, n. gen.—Malar space broad and distinct, the eyes
being distant from the bases of the mandibles ; antennæ with the third
segment subequal in length with the fourth ; mesothoracic epimera not
with a transverse suture below the episternum, separating off a
præsternum ; claws simple, without a tooth. Type Aropareophora
Martini, MacG.
Neopareophora Martini, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, the
mandibles, the prothorax, the tegule, the mesopleura, side lobes of the
mesonotum, the legs, the venter and the tip of the abdomen yellow or
mfous ; cerci elongate ; saw-guides obliquely truncated at apex; wings
hyaline. Length, 4 mm.
Habitat: West Springfield, Mass. (J. O. Martin).
This species is named after my friend, Mr. James O. Martin.
Neopareophora scelesta, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, the
mandibles for the most part, the front legs, more or less infuscated at base
aud apex, and the middle legs beyond the apices of the femora rufous ;
cerci hardly projecting ; saw-guides large and obliquely rounded to an
apex above ; wings infuscated. Length, 7 mm.
Habitat: Black Mts., North Carolina (William Beutenmuller).
This species resembles Se/andria ( AMonophadnus) scelesta, Cr., very
Closely, and for some time was considered the same as that species.
Phy matocera nigra, Harrg.—Through the kindness of Mr. Harring-
ton, 1 have been able to examine type specimens of this species, and find
that it belongs to the genus Neopareophora. Konow has referred this
species incorrectly to Rhadinocerea.
August, 1908
290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Neotomostethus, n. gen.—Malar space broad and distinct, the ep «=s
being distant from the base of the mandibles; antennz with the th = æ-4
segment longer than the fourth ; mesothoracic epimera with a transvem- se
suture below the episternum, separating off a preesternum; claws witm a
small tooth within before the apex. Type eotomostethus hyalinzer-S,
MacG.
Neotomostethus hyalinus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ ara <i
the legs below the knees, except the apices of the posterior tibie ara d
tarsi, white ; antennal fovea broad and rounded ; antennal furrow wantar? £
on the front ; wings hyaline, Length, 6 mm.
Habitat: McLean, N. Y.
Rhadinoceræa similata, n. sp.—Body black; the wings strong By
infuscated ; the postocular area elongated; the ocellar basin distinct ;
the saw-guides rounded at apex to a blunt point above. Length, 8 narxt.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y., and Agricultural College, Mich.
Hypargyricus, n. gen.—Malar space broad and distinct, the ew <5
being distant from the base of the mandibles; antennæ with the this 4
segment subequal in length to the fourth ; mesothoracic epimera not wi €
a transverse suture below the episternum ; claws cleft at apex, the inxs Æ!
tooth nearly as long as the outer. Type Aysargyricus infuscatus, Mac =<.
Hypargyricus infuscatus, n. sp.—Postocular area strongly elevate A:
saw-guides straight on the upper and lower margins, and rounded tc» 3
blunt point at middle of apex ; body black; the front femora and tik #*
more or less white in front, suffused with black; wings infuscat <= d
Length, 8 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.
Selandria ( Phymatocera) fumipennis, Nort.—This species beloe~™ 2
to the genus Hypargyricus. The genus Phymatocera, so far as] =<
aware, does not occur in America. — |
Tsiodycttum atratum, n. sp.—Body black, with the clypeus, t EB
labrum, a spot on the mandibles, the collar narrowly, the tegule, |
narrow line on the posterior margin of the abdominal segments, broad== _
on the venter, and the legs, brownish-white ; a band on the posteri
margin of each lobe of the mesonotum, the scutellum, and the medi
tergal abdominal segments more or less rufous ; saw-guides concave abo
and convex below, broadly rounded at apex to a point above; win
hyaline. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat: Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball).
ste aille te à
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291
Periclista confusa, n. sp.— Body black, with the clypeus, the labrum,
the collar broadly, the tegulæ, the legs beyond the cox, and the abdomen
at sides above and for the most part beneath, luteous, shading to
brownish ; the median lobe of the mesonotum for the most part and the
pleura, brown ; the ocellar basin flat and distinct; the postocular area
not marked in front by a furrow ; the front finely punctured; the fourth
Ségmient of the antenne longer than the fifth; the wings hyaline.
Length, 5 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.
Selandria (Monophadnus) marginicollis, Nort.—An examination of
a type specimen proves tnis species to belong to the genus Periclista, and
to be very similar jn coloration to Periclista purpuridorsum, Dyar.
Tomostethus.—There are three species in the Eastern United States
belon ging to this genus, Se/andria ( Monophadnus ) bardus, Say, Selandria
(Blexenocampa) inabilis, Nort., and the following new species :
| Zomostethus Nortonii, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, a fine
line on the collar, the tegulæ, the front legs below the middle of the
femora, and the middle and hind legs beyond the knees, white ; the saw-
Buides concave above and broadly convex below, obliquely, truncately
four ced to a point at apex above ; wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat: Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball).
Named after Edward Norton, the pioneer student of the North Ameri-
an species of Tenthredinoidea.
Monophadnus distinctus, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, the
tezula, and the legs below the knees, white ; the antennal furrow con-
Unu ous and distinct from the clypeus to the occiput; the ocellar basin
Stimct; the scutellum coarsely punctured behind at sides; the
*PPe ndage of the scutellum flat and impunctate ; the wings hyaline.
Meth, 7 mm.
Habitat : Lake Forest, Ill. (J. G. Needham).
Monophadnus minutus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ, the
“Orn ers of the prothorax somewhat, and the legs below the knees, white ;
© front with a deep, broad puncture on each side above the lower end
. Che antennal furrow but not connected with it; scutellum with a few
inet tered coarse punctures behind; the scutellar appendage flat and
‘Punctate ; the antennal fovea continues with the ocellar basin; the
WIN gs hyaline. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat : Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Ward).
292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Monophadnus bipunctatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule az
the legs below the knees, white ; the antennal furrow interrupted on €}
front ; front never with a large puncture on each side; the scutelluzs
coarsely punctured at sides behind ; the scutellar appendage flat and mec
carinate at middle ; the saw guides obliquely rounded toa blunt point a
apex ; the wings slightly infuscated. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.
Monophadnus equals, n. sp.— Body black, with the tegulæ, the pro
notum for the most part, the front legs beyond the bases of the femora,
the middle and hind legs beyond the knees, white ; the antennal furrow
interrupted on the front ; front never with a large puncture on the sides,
and finely punctured ; the ocellar basin fairly distinct ; the scutellum and
the metathorax uniformly, densely punctured ; the saw-guides oblique at
apex and pointed. Length, 5.5 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y.
Monophadnus plicatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ, the
margin of the pronotum more or less, and the legs beyond the knees,
white; the head with the V-shaped furrow behind the front ocellus
distinct ; the antennal furrow interrupted on the front ; front never with 4
large puncture on each side ; the scutellum more densely punctured tha
the metathorax ; the scutellar appendage longitudinally carinate at middle;
the saw-guides with the two edges parallel and obliquely truncate at ape* :
wings yellowish hyaline. Length, 6.5 mm.
Habitat: Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball).
Monophadnus transversus, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, th
tegulæ, the pronotum entirely, the legs beyond the knees, and a nar =°
margin to the apex of each tergal and ventral segment, white ; head w=!
the V-shaped furrow behind the front ocellus indefinite, almost oblæ- !
ated ; antennal furrow interrupted on the front ; the front never wits
large puncture on each side ; the scutellum more densely punctured 2
the metathorax ; the scutellar appendage longitudinally carinate at mid |
the saw-guides with the two sides parallel, squarely truncated at apex, ="
the corner rounded ; the wings yellowish hyaline. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat : Michigan.
Paracharactus, n. gen. Malar space narrow and indistinct, hare
more than a line beneath the eyes ; mesothoracic epimeron not witls
transverse suture below the episternum separating off a præsternur #1
claws with an erect tooth at middle. Type, Z’aracharactus obscurat#F?
MacG.
THE CANADIAN FNTOMOLOGIST. 293
Paracharactus obscuratus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tips of the
clypeus, the labrum, the hypoclypeal area, the angles of the prothorax,
the posterior third of the mesopleura, and the front and middle legs
below the knees, yellow or rufous ; the ocellar basin indistinct. Léngth,
5 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y., and West Spring, Mass. (J. O. Martin).
Selandria ( Phymatocera) rudis, Nort. This species belongs to the
genus Paracharactus.
Neocharactus, n. gen.—Malar space narrow and indistinct, hardly
More than a line beneath the eyes ; mesothoracic epimeron not with a
lansverse suture below the episternum separating off a præsternum ;
claws with two erect teeth at middle. Type, Veocharactus Bakeri, MacG.
Neocharactus Bakeri, n. sp.—Body black, with the clypeus, the
kbrum, a spot on the mandibles, the tips of the first and second segments
of the antepnæ, the tegulæ, the corners of the prothorax in part, a line on
the apex of each abdominal segment, somewhat indistinct at middle, the
font and middle coxæ beneath, and the remainder of the legs beneath in
great part, white; the third segment of the antennz longer than the
fourth ; the head more or less aeneous and finely punctured ; the antennal
fovea twice as long as broad, the sides square ; a triangular area around
the median ocellus ; the wings hyaline. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat : Santa Clara Co., California (Carl F. Baker).
Monophadnoides conspicuus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule,
the pronotum, the front legs beyond the trochanters, and the middle and
hind legs beyond the middle of the femora, luteous ; abdominal segments
Ne to five yellowish-rufous ; the front with a pit-like puncture on each
Side ; the antenne with the third segment shorter than segments four and
five together ; the saw-guides of moderate width, straight above and
low, obliquely rounded to a point above at apex; the wings hyaline.
Dgth, 6.5 mm.
Habitat: McLean, Mass.
Monophadnoides conspiculata, n. sp.—Body black, with the collar
Narrowly, the tegulæ, the legs below the knees, white ; the antennæ with
the second segment longer than broad ; front with a pit-like puncture on
Sach side ; the pentagonal area wanting ; the scutellum wholly smooth ;
€ saw-guides straight above, convex below and obliquely, emarginately
truncated at apex ; wings hyaline. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y.
THE
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
hadnoides consobrinus, n. sp.—Body black, with the angles of
m, the tegulæ, the
egs below the knees, white; the furrow in
postocular area narrow, deep and distinct ; the pentagonal
d, the walls flat and practically wanting ; the third segment
hn not as long as the fourth and fifth together, the second
bader than long ; the scutellum wholly smooth ; the saw-guides
convex below, broadly, obliquely rounded to a blunt point
; the wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm.
Durham, N. H. (C. M. Weed).
hadnoides cordatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ, the
he knees, white, except that the tips of the tibiz and tarsi are
is infuseated ; the furrow in front of the postocular area broad,
J indistinct ; the pentagonal area wholly wanting; the third
the antenr
as long as the fourth and fifth together, the second
sader than long ; the
utellum wholly smooth; the saw-guides
ve and below, obliquely truncated to a point at apex above;
hyaline. 1 mm.
with the angles of the
, white ; the antenne
#
+ 4
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 295
together; the pentagonal area wanting ; the scutellum finely striate at
apex; the saw-guides broad, straight above, strongly convexly rounded
from below to the apex above. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y.
Monophadnoides costalis, n. sp.— Body black, with the angles of the
pronotum, the tegulæ, and the legs below the knees, white ; the front
Without a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the pentagonal
area wanting ; the scutellum striate at apex ; front with a pit-like puncture
on each side ; the saw-guides straight above and below, oblique at apex,
drawn out into a long point above. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat: Wellesley, Mass. (A. P. Morse).
Monophadnoides coracinus, n. sp.—Body black, with the angles of the
pronotum narrowly, the tegulæ, and the legs below the knees, white ; the
antenne with the third segment shorter than the fourth and fifth together ;
the pentagonal area and the V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus
wanting; the front not with a pit-like puncture on each side; the scutellum
smooth, at most extremely, finely, rugosely roughened. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat : Wellesley, Mass. (A. P. Morse).
Monophadnoides collaris, n. sp.—Body black, with the angles of the
pronotum broadly, the tegulæ, the apices of the coxa, the trochanters
more or less, and the legs below the knees, white ; the antennz with the
} third segment shorter than the fourth and fifth together ; the pentagona]
area indistinctly impressed ; the V-shaped furrow behind the median
ocellus distinct ; the scutellum distinctly punctured at sides ; the saw-
guides broad, convex above and below, broadly, obliquely rounded to a
blunt point at apex above. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.
Aphanisus, n. gen.— Malar space narrow and indistinct, hardly more
than a line beneath the eyes ; the antennæ with the third segment always -
longer than the fourth; mesothoracic epimeron not with a transverse suture
. below the episternum ; front wings with the radial cross.vein and the free
part of R, inclined at different angles ; the hind wings with the transverse
part of M, present ; the claws cleft at apex. Type Aphanisus lobatus,
MacG,
Aphanisus lobatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the pronotum, the
\egule, the legs, and a fine margin on the apex of the abdominal seg-
ments, white or luteous ; front with a distinct pentagonal area, its lateral
Walls sharp and distinct ; the front smooth and polished and without a
296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
pit-like puncture ; the scutellum impunctate at sides ; the wings somewhat
infuscated; the saw-guides broad, straight above, broadly convexly rounded
from the base to a hooked point above. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat: Ormond, Florida (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).
Aphanisus muricatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the collar, the teguls
and the legs below the knees, the femora more or less infuscated, white;
front with a distinct pentagonal area, its lateral walls low and indistinct;
the front finely, rugosely roughened ; the front without a pit-like puncture
on each side ; the wings hyaline ; the saw-guides straight above, convexly.
rounded from below to a blunt point above. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y.
Aphanisus odoratus, n. sp.—Body black, with the collar, the tegulæ,
and the legs below the knees, white; the front with the pentagonai area |
entirely wanting, and with a pit-like puncture on each side connected:
below with the antennal furrow ; the scutellum punctured at sides; the
wings hyaline ; the saw-guides straight above, convex below, and obliquely
rounded to a point above. Length, 5 mm.
Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.
A phanisus nigritus, n. sp.—Body black, with the collar, the tegulæ,
and the legs beyond the middle of the femora, white ; front with the pen-!
tagonal area wanting, and not with a V-shaped furrow behind the median
ocellus, and with a pit-like puncture on each side but not connected with
the antennal furrow ; the scutellum roughened at sides; the saw-cuides |
straight above and convexly rounded from base to a blunt point above;:
the wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat: Riverton, New Jersey (H. I. Viereck).
Blennocampa abnorma, n. sp.— Body black, with the tegulz and the.
legs below the knees, the tibiæ more or less infuscated, white ; the front Lu
without a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus; the pentagonal ares
wanting ; the clypeus angularly emarginate ; the antennæ with the third
segment at least as long as the fourth and fifth together; the wings hyaline.
Length, 5.5 mm.
Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y.
Blennocampa antennata, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ and th ee
legs below the knees, luteous; the front tibia and tarsi more or less infu ss.
cated ; the front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus; thre
antennal fovea with a rounded papilla at centre; the antennz with the
third segment at least as long as the fourth and fifth together; the scutellum |
{
4
4
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297
smooth at apex ; the saw-guides convex above and below and obliquely,
convexly truncated at apex. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat: Durham, N. H. (C. M. Weed).
Blennocampa aperta, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule and the
legs below the knees except the apices of the tibize and the greater part of
the tarsi, white ; the antennal fovea flat, without a papilla at centre ; the
front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the antennæ
with the thifd segment at least as long as the fourth and fifth together ;
the scutellum smooth at apex ; the saw-guides strongly convex above and
below, and rounded to a point at apex. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat: West Haven, Ct. (E. B. Whittlesey).
Blennocampa angulata, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ and the
legs below the knees, except the apices of the tibiæ and the tarsi, white ;
the antennal fovea an elongate furrow ; the front with a V-shaped furrow
behind the median ocellus ; the scutellum finely striate at sides ; the saw-
guides broad, straight above; convex below, obliquely truncated at apex.
Length, 6 mm.
Habitat : Wellesley, Mass. (A. P. Morse).
Blennocampa adusta, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ and the
legs, except the tips of the middie and hind tibiæ and tarsi, white ; the
antennal fovea with a large rounded papilla at centre; the front with a
V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the antennæ with the third
segment at least as long as the fourth and fifth together; the scutellum
punctured at sides; the saw-guides straight above and convexly, obliquely
rounded from base to apex above, Length, 6 mm.
Habitat: Wellesley, Mass. (A. P. Morse).
Blennocampa acuminata, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ and the
legs beluw the knees, luteous; the antennal fovea flat and without a papilla
at centre ; front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the
third segment of the antennz at least as long as the fourth and fifth
together ; the scutellum punctured at sides ; the saw-guides broad, straight
above and below, broadly, convexly and somewhat obliquely rounded at
apex. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat : Chicopee, Mass. (J. O. Martin).
Selandria ( Blennocampu) parva, Cress.—This species belongs to the
Bus Erythraspides. Adults were bred by Professor Comstock, from
lave collected on Fuchsia.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NOTES ON EUCHLOE HYANTIS, EDW-
BY KARL R, COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIF.
istory of Euéhloe hyantis well illustrates the state of confusion
the western Zuchloecing. In 1871 W. H. Edwards described,
isations of the American Eutomological Society, both sexes of
bf Æuchloe ( Anthocharis), which he called Ayantis, the types
Im Mendocino, Calif. In his Pac, Coast Lepidoptera papers
f. Acad. Sci., No. 22, ), Hy. Edwards writes: “Amthocharis
I
I. Ihave little doubt à examination of a figure by Mr.
ly loaned to me by Mr. W. H.
hat this species is the same as A. Ayantis, Edw., which is well
rra Nevadas, and in other high lands of the
hr to be far from rare in the neighbourhood of
1 by Baron R, Osten Sacken in the
Tahoe. It is probably often
dantly distinct.” W. H
d in 1877, places it asa
the British Museum,
ccur in the Si
aid by Dr.
d has been
equently ta
‘alley, and by myself near La
with A. ausonides
is list of Rhopacocera, put
his later list (1879) it is entirely omitted. In 1878
changed his former opinion and gives it specific
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299
attempt to distinguish between Z. ausonides and E. hyantis looks to me
like a failure, not that ‘hey cannot be readily distinguished by size, form
of secondaries, depth of ground-tint, and size of white spots on under
surface, but because these differences are to be seen in undoubted season
variations in the European form, £. ausonia, and because if Æ. ausonides
is distinct from £. Ayantis, the Vancouver form, which differs in the
pattern of the under surface, has an equal claim to separation. As
regards typical Æ. creusa, which Dr. Beutenmuller considers to be £.
hyantis, I can definitely assure him that the type (which we possess)
agrees with his var. e/sa. My idea of this species is that it can be
arbitrarily sorted out into seven graded forms: £. ausonides, E. var. from
Vancouver, £. Ayantis, E. lotta, E. coloradensis, E. creusa = elsa.”
In the same volume of the CaANALIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (p. 56) Beuten-
muller says: ‘‘In answer to Dr. Butler's comments upon my revision of the
species of Euch/oe, I could state that Dr. Bitler may possibly be right in
considering creusa (var. e/sa), hyanfis and Joffa seasonal forms of
ausonides, but with the present know-edze it is not possibie to place them
so, and for this reason I concluded it would Le best w allow the species
to remain distinct until more light cou.d Le obtained on the subject. At
any rate, | was certain that wha: we had ;aleleé in our collections as
eus was not Doubleday ard Hew:tsor’s species, which Dr. Butler
definitely asserts is my var. e/sa. Wiat seems s‘range to me is, how was
it that Edwards did not recognize :i.¢ figure of crewia sent to him by Dr.
Butler? Creusa (var. elsa) cannot © mistakes for either Ayantis or lotta
(so-called creusa). Doubieday a: Hewitton did net give a description
of creuse, and their figure of the srecies 3 cnrecognizable, consequently
has no scientific value.”
It has been supposed tha: aj;ant:: 5 the spring brood of ausonides,
but Edwards (Can. Est., XXI. 2. icy, contradicts this, saying that
assonides is MOMogenentic. 23 14 fa red a few tyjjcai sangles in
March. Last year, however, M: FE. © Newesmer and myse fy secs]
in breeding ausonides throug... 2. ‘1 stages, ane a fair oereentage of
the pupe emerged in early socncer! Tues patate, were cortunty not
hyantis, and differed from 2.2 22°00 g cru 7, ae caer and
perhaps more yellowed. In ::1:" vote ten te en in be
necessary to breed out th+
z. The fact that the Eur --- Pern bens
ausonides single-brooded. 22: °-- .
Beutenmuller for distingr:.":",7 °"-":
ety fistot ta bey
soto of thie vec vue on
ioe taf bebe ted srl
300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
receive any eggs of such species, particularly from the mountain wo
regions of the west. The synonomy, as now known, I would place ==
follows :
ausonides, Bdv.
= coloradensis, Hy. Edw.®
creusa, Dbl. & Hew.
= var. elsa, Beut.
var. hyantis, Hy. Edw.
var. lotta, Beut.
ERRATA.
The following corrections may be made to my Notes on the ne ™Y
Rhopalocera described by W. G. Wright in his Butterflies of the Wesst
Coast : .
P. 238—No. 178, Melitæa eremita, Wright, = palla, 9 (blaukis A
| form).
No. 181, Melitæa sabina, Wright, = palla, 2 (reddis A
form ).
No. 186, Melitæa leona, Wright, = obsoleta, Hy. EdwarCRS
(from type locality). | |
SOME RECENT PAPERS ON HEMIPTERA.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.
From time to time, notes, papers and monographs on some branch o!
Entomology are published, but, unfortunately, not always jn the mos!
widely read nor even accessible publications. Such, for instance, a¥ ©
three papers, one of great interest, not only to American Hemipterist >
but also to the general student of biology. Of the other two, one show31¢
receive the notice of Hemipterists in general, and the other of thao»S©
whose interest is mainly in water-bugs.
The first is a paper on fauna, by Dr. G. Horvath, of Buda-Pes ah,
entitled, “ Les Relations entre les Faunes Hémiptérologiques de "Eure P*
et de l’Américane du Nord.” ‘This important contribution was read at
the opening session before the 7th Zoological Congress at the Bost <n
mecting in 1908, and its author now publishes it in the, to us, inaccessi > 1€
‘6 Annales Histoirco-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici.”!
corthy as. in good series all; adati |
3. Hardly worthy of rank, as, in good series, all intergradations are to
found.
(1) 1908, vol. vi., pp. 1-14.
August, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301
He calls attention to the great resemblance already noted between
the faunas of Europe and North America, going so far in many cases as
to the identity of genera and species, and this after rejecting mistaken
identifications on the one hand, and demonstrating the identity of Ameri-
can species, reputed as new, with well-known European forms on the
other. His researches have given 161 species and 261 genera of European-
American Hemiptera, and this includes the imported and naturalized
forms, of which 31 have come to America from Europe, and only 2
have been exported to the other side of this continent. The imported
species, except Clinocoris lectularius and Reduvius personatus, are all
Homoptera—more or less injurious to cultivated plants. Deducting
imported species (the number of which does not include certain forms
held by our entomologists to be imported because found here later than in
Europe, from which view Horvath differs), there are 128 species common
to both continents, 59 Heteroptera and 69 Homoptera. In the former he
lists 3 Pentatomias (or Cimicids); 9 Lygeids; 4 Aradids ; 1 Gerrid,
Gerris rufoscutellatus, Latr.; 6 Reduviids, of which 5 are Reduvioli; 4
Acanthids (or Saldids) ; 2 Anthocorids; no less than 28 Mirids (or Cap-
sids ; 1 Notonectid and 2 Corixids. The Homoptera are mainly Jassids,
Cercopids, Aphids (by far the most abundant) and Coccids.
In examining these lists one is struck by the fact that the vast
majority belong to the colder parts of Europe, and only 6 are from the
South, and also found in the Southern United States. Their artificial
spread is inadmissible, and while he does not consider theories of a great
continent between Europe and America, nor that the dispersal was by
way of Iceland and Greenland when these had a milder climate, Dr.
Horvath considers that the fact that the common species are also Palæ-
arctic forms evidently shows that the dispersal was by way of Behring
Strait. In confirmation of this supposition we have the fact® that five
species have been found only at the extreme north-west of America, and
that certain others have not penetrated far into the Palæarctic region, and:
still others are common only to north-western America and north-eastern
Asia.
AS to the genera, he finds that of those common to the two faunas, no
less than 138 are of Palæarctic origin, 31 are Nearctic, 23 Holarctic, 13
Neotropical, 5 Oriental, 4 Ethiopian, 12 intertropical and 22 cosmopolitan.
(2) Dr. Horvath cites six, but one is known to me positively to be a mis-
identification.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
ere are 8 of uncertain origin. From this tabulation he
hearly 84 per cent. of the common genera have migrated by
pute.
lusions are as follows
ere is a certain number of species and genera of Hemiptera
hmon to Europe and North America.
he greater part of these common Hemiptera is native to the
ion and belongs to the temperate zone.
le migration of these Hemiptera has taken place mainly by
hg Straits.
le few southern types common to the two continents origi
tertropical region, whence they came independently to enrich
and Nearctic faunas.
ficial importation plays only a secondary role in the spread
American Hemiptera ; but it is Europe that has supplied
with cultivated plants, with more species than the latter
kom Europe
(To be continued.)
THE BITER Br
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
rizing all these lots, we have :
Mus norvegicus )— On humans—
1s fasciatus .......863 Pulex irritans...............680
hs...............163 Ceratophyllus fasciatus .. .. 2
h cheopis .139 Ceratophyllus sp.....,...... 2
musculi, .......,118 On mice (Mus musculus )—
s anomalus + 8 Ceratophyllus fasciatus.......
us canis .........
Ctenopsyllus musçuli. 0.
Loemopsylla cheopis ........ 7
On mice (Microtus californicus)
ratophyllus fasciatus....... 1
of these records shows that Loemopsylla cheopis, which is
le plague flea in countries where the disease is epidemic, is
ned in San Francisco, and is spreading to other near-by cities,
search would reveal it in many localities. It is interesting,
fle
s who were sick or had died of the plague, from attendants
that out of the 6
taken from human beings, some of
ngaged in catching the rats, not a single
On the
r hand, Pulex érritans,
EHXCHANGES.
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of thts column. Notices over three lines
are liable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subsertters.
PAMPIILA SASSACUS,--I shall be particularly obliged to anyone who will send
me egys of this butterfly.—JAMES FLETCHER, Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont.
LEPIDOPTERA, T wish to exchange Butterflies and Moths with some one in
the Southern States.—G. B. NICHOLSON, Scottsville, Monroe Co., N.Y.
WanTED.—Bulletins Biol. Survey, 2, 3, 4, 11: Bureau Ent. (old series) 1-5,
8-13, 16, 18, 26, 30, 31, 33 D have for exchange many Ent. Reports and Station
Bulls., Entomological Circulars, Farmers’ Rulls,, Pubs. of N. Am. Fauna, ete.--
ENTOMOLOGIST, Delaware Expt. Station, Newark, Del.
WANTED IN EXCHANGE, or for cash, during the coming season, fertile egys
cf the Apantesis group, especially of the Southern and Western States.- -M.
ROTHKE, 807 Harrison Ave., Scranton, Pa.
%
WANTED. -Cerambycidi, Cicindelidæ and other Coleoptera in exchange for
same from this locality. Bound Vol, 1, Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., 1867 8, to exchange
for 1lorn's Monograph of the Tenebrionidse.—C. A. Frost, go Grant St., South
Framingham, Mass.
* INDIAN INSECTS in all orders. Fine specimens of P. mavo, Kal. albotasciata,
Hestia cadelli, ete, from Andaman Is., and T. imperialis, A. camadera,
Phvlliums, Phasmids and Live Cocoons trom Darjeeling and Assam. Write for
prices to A. Mrik, 4 Convent Rd., Entaliv, Calcutta,
DATISCIDE. Canadian examples wanted. Will gladly name material in this
family and Elaliplidas. and can offer yood exchange. —CHRIs. Hl. ROBERTS, 10
Washington Place, New York.
FEPIALUS THULE to exchange for other rare No A, Hepialidæ not in my
collection. — Hh. HE Lyn, 54 McTavish Street, Montreal, Canada.
COLBOPTERA. Many papers by LeConte, Hoin, Fall and others to exchange
for Bupresitdie and Cerambyenhe.s Uist on appieation. = Ge CHAGNON, PLO,
box 196, Montreal, Canada,
HIVSENOPTERA AND COR OPEERA, both European and Exotic, offered in
exchanise for Hivinesoptera, Concopiers ood Decapod Crustaceans ‘of Canada
Arad the Lire Sites Le eet Lette es het, Seine Inferieure,
Vrar.,
4 ne OE OS L'oreeptera, and also many
“ . ne ee Se ae ete Veo Rivet a set of Callichroma
, . ns ow Ue tee. DR GE. W,
te "0 exchange, Write
. ar ta. New Mexico, N,
a . . . wel ade N. J.
suaipema, nitela,
. oblonga, and
+. . MOESER, 238
*“thocolletis ot
se . *chwabische-
Che Ganadliay Futomologist
————— et
EE
_——
Vor. XL. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1908. No. 9.
THREE NEW NORTH AMERICAN PHLŒOTHRIPIDÆ.
BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD, OFFICE OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, URBANA, ILL.
In a collection of ZAysanoptera, kindly sent me for determination by
Prof. H. A. Surface, Economic Zoologist of Pennsylvania, I find three new
species, described below. Type specimens are in the writer’s collection,
and in the collection of the Pennsylvania State Department of Agriculture.
, PHYLLOTHRIPS, gen. nov.
(pvAdAov, leaf; Ope, thrips.)
Head about 134 times as long as wide, subcylindrical, broadest
across eyes, narrowed posteriorly. Eyes large, finely faceted, bulging.
Vertex eleyated, prolonged, overhanging insertion of antennz, and bear-
ing the anterior ocellus at its extremity. Mouth cone subacute, reaching
about four-fifths across prosternum. Prothorax about halfas long as head.
Legs slender; fore femora not enlarged ; fore tarsi unarmed in both
. sexes. Abdomen slender. Male with a scale at base of tube.
Type.—Phyllothrips citricornis, sp. nov.
This genus is erected for the reception of ?. cétriurnts, sp. nov., and
Cryptothrips aspersus, Hinds. It is close to
Liothrips, Uzel, differing from it in the pro-
duced vertex, overhanging ocellus, bulging
eyes, and longer head.
Phyllothrips citricornis, sp. nov. (Fig 15.)*
Female.—Similar in general appearance to
' P. aspersus (Hinds), from which it may be dis-
tinguished as follows :
a. Antenne rather stout ; segments 5, 6 and 7
slightly more than one-half as wide as
long; segments 1 and 2 nearly con-
colorous with body; segment 3 pale
yellow ; rest of antenna shading to dark brown at tip, excepting
bases of segments 4 and 5, whichare yellowish. Prothoracie spines
small, inconspicuous; mid-laterais wanunge .. 2° asfersus (Hinds).
Fie. a3. -Phytlothrips citricernis
*In the figures all membranous portions are stippled.
306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
aa. Antenne more slender; segments 5, 6 and 7 slightly less than two-faf
as wide as long ; segments 1 and 2 nearly concolorous with boc=ily
segment 3 pale yellow; segments 4 to 8 bright lemon-yellow. F0
thoracic spines large, rather prominent ; mid-laterals present, fi_aally
as long as anterior marginals
vee eeee P. citricornis, sp. n <®v.
The measurements of the female of this species are as follow":
Total length, 2.27 mm. (2.08 to 246 mm); head, length, .32 m1;
width, .21 mm.; prothorax, length .16 mm.; width (including coxæ) — 37
mm.; pterothorax, width, .42 mm.; abdomen, width, .48 mm.; tu #4
length, .22 mm.; width at base, .o78 mm ; at apex, .043 mm. Antenn Z#Æ:
1, 42m; 2, 64h; 3, 115h; 4, 109M; 5. 92h; 6, 87H; 7, Jon; 8, 48 }
Total, .620 mm.
Fic. 16.—Mepalothrips (2) spinosus,
Described from seve!
macfopterous females from
the following localitieS:
Illinois— Dubois; Duquoi®;
Odin, Pulaski, on hickory
leaves (L. M. Smith )-
Pennsylvania—-Harrisbu F8
Rockville, “on wild grap€-”
The dates range fr©m
April 28 to July 16. ©
Megalothrips (?) spinos 425
sp. nov. (Figs. 1&
and 17.)
Female.—Length abe oul
4mm. Colour nearly #28"
form black, except @ 8
tarsi, which are dark bla= ck
ish-brown.
Head slightly more & #4"
twice as long as wis
broadly rounded #7
front, sides subparallel;
dorsal and lateral surfaces finely transversely striate, sparsely and prieflY
spinose ; anterior portion of head with two pairs of prominent, pointe
bristles in addition to the postocular, a shorter pair with their base
slightly behind the posterior ocelli, and a longer pair equal in length to
THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘307
the postocular, with their bases midway between the anterior ocellus and
each posterior one. Eyes moderately large, not prominent, scarcely
protruding. Ocelli brownisn-yellow, antertor ocellus slightly overhanging ;
posterior ocelli contiguous to light inner borders of eyes, their diameter
almost three times that of the facets. Antenne eight-segmented; segments
3-6 clavate; 7 and 8 fusiform ; sense-cones long, slender, transparent.
Mouth-cone reaching nearly to base of prosternum, short, broadly rounded;
labium surpassing labrum by the length of the basal segment of the
maxillary palpus.
Prothorax three-fifths as long as width of head, and (including coxæ)
about three times as wide as long; surface finely striate;
usual spines all present, slender, pointed, the pair at the
posterior angles much the longest; mid-literals very small.
Pterothorax large,. rectangular, two-thirds as long as wide.
Wings long, reaching about to base of ninth abdominal seg-
ment. Anterior femora and tibiæ set with a number of long
bristles ; anterior tarsus armed with a blunt tooth.
‘Abdomen moderately stout, equal in width to pterothorax,
widest at segment 4, from which it tapers evenly to tube.
Tube slightly shorter than head, slender, and of nearly equal ,., 17—M. (2)
diameter throughout, excepting base, which is slightly spinosus,
expanded, and apex, which is slightly constricted ; surface spinose.
Measurements: Total length, 4.00 mm.; head, length, .64-.74 mm.;
width, .30 mm.; prothorax, length .18 mm, width (including coxæ) .56 mm.;
pterothorax, width, .67 mm.; abdomen, width, .74 mm.; tube, length
.63 mm., width at base .13 mm, at apex .o7. Antenne: 1, 76; 2,
95H; 3 1853 4, 160m; 5, 150m; 6, 122m; 7, 65m; 8, 764. Total,
.83 mm.
Described from two macropterous females taken at Harrisburg, Pa,
March 10, “‘in burrows of Lepidopterous or Coleopterous larva in dead
willow stem.”
Although this species 1s apparently closely related to 47. bonannii,
Uzel, its generic position is uncertain until the male is known.
Cryptothrips rectangularis, sp. nov. (Figs. 18 and 19.)
Female.— Length about 2.7 mm. Colour nearly uniform black,
excepting tarsi and third antennal segment, which are more or less
blackish-brown.
Head rectangular, about one and one-third times as long as wide,
sides parallel; lateral and dorsal surfaces faintly reticulate, sparsély and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
e ; vertex transverse ; postocular spines present, pointed.
tely large, not protruding, occupying the anterior angles of
small, about equal in size to facets of eyes; anterior ocellus
ing; posterior ocelli opposite centres of eyes, slightly
in their inner margins. Antenne eight-segmented, general
segment 2 paler at apex ; segment 3 with two transverse
brownish-yellow bands, one at base, the
other at middle; segments 3-6 sub-
clavate ; segment 7 oblong, pedicellate ;
segment 8 small, fusiform. Mouth-cone
slightly wider than long, reaching about
four-fifths across prostemum, apex
broadly rounded.
Prothorax about three-fourths as long
as width of head, and (including coxæ)
slightly more than twice as wide as long ;
usual spines all present, the two pairs
near the posterior angles much the
longest ; anterior marginals very small.
Pterothorax almost twice as wide as lon
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309
harrowing rather rapidly in its basal third, and then tapering evenly to
apex ; surface scarcely visibly spinose.
‘Described from four wingless individuals collected as follows:
Îltinois— Urbava, May 12, 2 and & , under dead bark on peach tree (J.
D. H.); Urbana, April, 4. reared from nymph taken on willow tree (J.
J. Davis). | Pennsylvania—Harrisburg, March 10, ©, “in burrow of
Lepidopterous or Coleopterous larva in dead willow stem.”
This species is very close to C. carbonarius, Hood, but differs from
hat species in being much smaller, in lacking the two pairs of prominent
Dristles in the region of the ocelli, and in the shape of the tube. The
Prothoracic sclerites differ in size and shape in the two species, and the
Prothoracic spines do not exactly correspond.
NOTES ON MOSQUITO WORK.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR AND FREDERICK KNAB, WASHINGTON, D. C.
In using the recent literature on mosquitoes, several points have been
noted which it seems worth while to record, in order, if possiblé, to arrest
Certain errors that have crept into the subject and are being perpetuated.
One author copies from another (usually without credit) until the original
error becomes almost a classic fact. We wish, therefore, to emphazize
these corrections as much as possible in order to counteract this tendency.
Some of these errors refer to characters that have been considered of
findamental value in classification, and it is important that they should
be pointed out, even if the system of classification now in vogue be not
adhered to. They further illustrate the weakness of this system, which we
have on several other occasions attacked.
The mosquitoes have suffered in their classification from the fact that
the earliest generic separations were made upon the relative lengths of the
Palpiin the sexes. This is a secondary sexual character, as we have
POinted out. Nor have the systematists who have used the palpi in classifi-
Cation made any study of their actual structure, except Neveu-Lemnuire,
Whose results were obtained upon the study of too small material, and
When extended show only intergradation. Now, while the separation of
genera on such characters may have been allowable (for even yet
. Wanÿ systematists found genera on secondary sexual characters), their
Clevation to higher groups and subfamilies, as has been done by ‘l'hcobald
Md his followers, is indefensible. We are unaware of any other case
September, 1908
a ie — —
310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIB1.
re rN
where authors have presumed to found subfamilies on secondary sexæ -
characters in normal bisexual animals. Furthermore, the system becom<at
beset with difficulties when one is confronted with a considerable series ««
species and attempts their classification on these lines. As the characte =
have really no fundamental importance whateve-, it is not surprising Æ
find that they tend to insensibly intergrade. Again, the relative length ©
the palpi to the proboscis depends in large part upon the length of te
proboscis itself, a very variab'e character, and one of doubtful generic
value, which has been wholly ignored in this connection. Dr. Lutz, in an
attempt at a concise classification, in drawing the lines between his
Metanototrichæ-Heteropalpæ and Metanototriche Isomicropalpæ, has
been forced to use such distinctions as “ 4 palpi one-third as long as
the proboscis (Gocldia); g palpi a little longer than in the ?
(Sabethinus).” Genera in which the males are unknown are placed on
assumption, and happen to have been generally placed wrongly.
Sabethoides, for example, which he places in the Isomicro;alpe, has long
palpi in the male. In genera of homogenous structure and coloration, the
length of the male palpi varies in different species. For example, in
Hemagogus equinus, Theob., the male palpi are long, while in several
other members of the genus they are short like those of the female. To
add to the confusion, Peryassui states that the male palpi of Stegoconops
are long. He includes two species in this genus, but gives no description
of the male of either. One of these species (/eucomelas, Lutz) we have
identified as a species of Ades (as we understand that genus). We do
not know the male, but suspect that it has long palpi. The other species
included in Stegoconops (capricorni, Lutz) is the one upon which the genus
was founded. We have identified this as a species of Hamagogus, tht
female agreeing with the original description in every respect, but the male
palpi are short, like those of the female. Finally, it generally happe®
that specimens received for identification are females, and such a
entirely unplaceable on the ‘‘system.” As admitted by Theobald
himself when he says, “but unless both sexes are seen, it is quite impor
sible to place any Cudicid in any of the sections into which the family ®
divided.” (Mon. Culic., iv., 122, 1907.) We are aware of instances
where the work of enthusiastic students has been completely arrested {ro#
their inability to make any headway in classifying their material, since
they could never determine to what genera their specimens should be
referred.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 311
The practice has become prevalent of erecting genera not only on
trivial characters, but hastily and without proper comparison of allied
forms, For example, Ste/homyia, Theobald, a genus of Anophelines, has
been founded upon the so-called mammillated prothoracic lobes. We
have received authentic specimens of this species through the kindness of
Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, and find that, firstly, Theobald’s picture gives an
altogether exaggerated idea of the structure, while, secondly, the same
structure occurs in all the other species of Anopheles that we have
* examined.
The scales on the metanotum are another character which has given
nse to error. The subfamily Trichoprosoponina has been founded upon
the presence of scales together with setæ on the metanotum. The genus
Subethes (sensu Theobaldi), however, which has the metanotum densely
covered with scales in all the species which we have examined, is excluded.
The presence gr absence of scales is of no fundamental importance; their
Value is far less than that of the setæ. Practically their use is confusing,
since in indifferent specimens they may be entirely rubbed off, leaving no
trace, and causing the student to misidentify his material, if not to actually
found a new genus.
We have elsewhere called attention to the fact that the so-called
diliate legs do not form a tangible character for generic separation. In
the forms of Janthinosoma we find all degrees of intergradation between
strongly “ ciliate” hind legs and those with the vestiture smooth. A
Similar condition obtains in the species of Psorophora. Even more
Siriking cases may be found in the group Sabethini; the genus
Lesticocampa includes species with strongly “ciliate” legs, and with
Perfectly normal ones. The genus Z>ichoprosopon, Theob , was founded
Upon the species nivifes, Theob., in which the legs are not ‘ciliate ”;
Dr. Lutz has described a species from Brazil (splendens) with strongly
“ciliate” legs, but has wisely refrained from proposing a new generic
term.
Another character made use of by Theobald in his recent work
Proves to be untenable for generic separation. We refer to the so-called
SPiny front margin of the wings. ‘This consists of a series of more or less
‘pine-like scales inserted on the front margin of the wing. These may be
More or less conspicuous, not only from differences in development, but
‘cording the degree in which these scales are overlapped by the other
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ped scales. At all events, it offers nothing tangible or
ng present more or less in all species.
rrect use of the term metatarsus has been corrected by Mr.
his latest volume, but, unfortunately, not uniformly so, so
er is ofien at a loss to know to which joint a certain number
greatly increasing the difficulty of this already too much
ject.
et to be obliged to call attention to an important error in the
Éellent work of Dr. Goeldi. ‘That author figures the eggs of
illans from photographs. This constitutes the only reference
the life-history of this interesting species, and is the only
to the life-history of it or its allies. Dr. Goeldi’s observa-
been widely quoted, and it is generally supposed, in
orm shape and deposited
| however, clearly to be seen from the figures of the adult on
that Mansonia eggs are of fus
plate, that the species he had under observation could not
Mansonia, owing to the long tapering extensile abdomen
shown, characteristic of des (sensu nostrum), while the
Mansonia titillans is blunt and nov-extensile, This type of
characteristic of i leaves the early history of
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, | 313
TT ee
NOTES ON THE PTEROPHORIDA OR PLUME-MOTHS OF
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF NEW SPECIES.
BY FORDYCE GRINNELL, JR., PASADENA, CALIF.
Lord Walsingham’s paper, “Pterophoridæ of California and Oregon,”
published in London, England, in 1880, is the first to describe or record
anÿ Plume-moths from California. It is devoted to those collected by the
author in a journey through California and Oregon in 1871 and 1872.
This was, and is, a notable contribution to Californian lepidopterology, and
will hold its place in the future as a classic in the study of this interesting
group of moths. Its descriptions are excellent, and its three plates well
executed. Zeller in 1874 published a paper called ‘‘ Lepidoptera der
Westküste Amerika’s,” in which he describes Zeioptilus Mathewianus
from Vancouver Island. Charles Fish was the next person to describe
any Plume-moths from California ; this he did in a paper published in the
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, in 1881, the specimens being mostly collected
by Baron in Mendocino County. Since this last paper nothing has been
recorded or described concerning these moths from California, except one
species in Dyar’s “List of North American Lepidoptera,” 1902 ; this last
work is important, as giving the synonymy and range of each species.
Fernald, in 1898, published his valuable “Pterophoridæ of North America,”
teviewing the structure and literature, and describing all the species and
genera with keys, and adding a few species from California without
definite localities ; this is the most important work on the Pterophoridæ
of North America, and in the matter of genera and arrangement I follow
it closely in the present paper.
It is seen that no species of Plume-moths have been definitely
” Teported from Southern California ; but the present paper shows them to
be not at all rare, and that we have a good fauna, as we have of every-
thing else’. Doubtless many more species will be discovered with search
and study.
Most of the material for this paper was collected at the headwaters of
a. Santa Ana River, in the San Bernardino Mountains, Southern
alifornia, by Prof. Joseph Grinnell, during the summer of 1907 ; and it
‘}0ws the number of species to be taken in a rather small circumscribed
ony A few species have been taken at San Diego by Mr. Wm. 5S. Wright,
hom I am indebted for sending them to me. Mr. Francis X. Williams
the “Ollected two new species near San Francisco, and raised them from
sity ies A few have been collected at Pasadena and Stanford Univer-
y the writer.
ber, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ilus Wrightii, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 16 mm. Head
innamon-rufous ; antennæ brownish-black, barred with white
cinnamon, tipped with white, and with long hairs underneath.
‘own. Thorax and abdomen cinnamon-rufous, whitish under:
of the prevailing colour, spurs white, brown at base and at
ings: cinnamon-rufous, with a tinge of orange towards the
Wings long, slender and narrow, giving the insect a
Farance. A light brown band crosses the outer third of the
ween this and apex there is a darker patch, and in the apex
g, narrow, white patch resting on the costa, below which is
k in the fringe of the inner margin ; the second lobe has a
spot in the anal angle, within which the fringe of long hairs
he feathers of the hind wings are of the general colour, as
with the fringes darker and with a few black hairs inter-
hird feather has the usual cluster of black scales towards the
San Diego, Calif., Oct. 13, 1907 ; collected by Mr. Wm,
à honour of whom this interesting species is named. ‘There
sin my collection, collected on the above date, two of
THE CANADIAN FNTOMOLOGIST. 315
Habitat: South Fork, Santa Ana River, San Bernardino Mts.,
Calif., 6,200 ft. altitude, June 27 and 28, 1907; described from five
speciinens, two of which are types in the author’s collection. |
This species is related to ©. ningoris, Wism., from Northern Cali-
fornia and Southern Oregon.
There is a single specimen from the Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft.
altitude, Aug. 8, 1907. Expanse, 20 mm. General colour russet, thus
being very much lighter than Bernardinus ; the white stripes on the first
lobe of the fore wings are very indistinct, the outermost almost obliterated;
the white bar at the fissure scarely perceptible. A few black hairs on the
fringe of the second lobe. The feathers of the hind wing are as dark, or
nearly so, as Bernardinus. ‘The thorax and abdomen russet ; the white
Patch at base of thorax very conspicuous. I consider this specimen to
be either a seasonal or altitudinal form, or probably both (note the date
and altitude above). I propose to call this form fiaitimus, n. form. |
Platyptilia Williamsii, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 20.5 mm.
Antenne, palpi and head, wood-brown ; thorax and abdomen wood-brown,
conspicuously marked with hoary scales or hairs, especially dorsally, where
it is quite white. Legs white, with conspicuous black bars ; spurs white
and of equal length.
Fore wings are generally fawn-colour, with traces of wood-brown and
Tusset. Fringes light brown. First lobe: The outer third consists of a
“ereous band, within this a wood-brown band, broader than the first band;
Within this is a dark mummy-brown triangular patch, the point resting on
the end of the fissure, the costal side and side parallel with the outer
Margin, longest. A costal light mummy-brown streak extending half way
© base. The outer cinereous band (marginal) continuous with that on first
obe ; a line of black dots within the fringe of the inner side, the outer-
MOst small and isolated, the second longer. Rest of lobe of general
“niform colour. ‘The whole wing covered with glistening whitish scales.
frire Wings of an even, pale fawn colour. The black scales along the
nu &e of third feather to more than half the distance from base to apex,
line os and crowded. Under side with a black outer margin ; a white
on the outer side of the cinereous band, which is much paler above,
ar Cinereous ; a white dash on the costa above the fissure ; a black spot
€ nd of fissure.
x Habitat: Lake Merced, San Mateo Co., Calif., May 31, 1907, F.
* Williams. Raised from larva found in head of a composite flower.
Named in honour of my friend and fellow-collector, Mr. Francis Xavier
‘liams, of San Francisco.
316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. |
eee
This species is related to a/bidorsella, grandis and Cooleyi, fr0®
which it can be separated by its darker colour and smaller size.
Type: 1 d,in the author’s collection.
Platyptilia monticola, n. sp.—Expands, 18-21 mm. Head and
thorax fawn-colour ; antennæ of an even colour, somewhat darker ; abate
men a dark fawn-colour, with patches of hoary scales on the sides a ¥'
dorsum and on the caudal end of the thorax. Legs light fawn-colo #4":
spurs and adjacent parts of legs brownish, tips of spurs lighter.
Fore wings: Fawn-colour and sa!mon-buff A dark triangular pat Ch
at end of fissure, resting on costa and apex reaching into second lot>*
beyond the end of fissure ; the outer side of triangle concave ; betwee="
the triangle and the outer side is a dark patch extending between the tre ©
margins, repeated on the second lobe; on the outer side of this patchis +
distinct, white line, The rest of the fore wing is fawn-colour, more or le=5
mixed with black and hoary scales, except for a very conspicuous patc h
of black scales on the inner margin of second lobe, three-fourths of tha €
distance from the base, and more or less triangular in outline. Fringe=$S
white. [Feathers of hind wings very dark fawn-colour, scattered over wit R
many darker scales and a few hoary ones. A few black scales towarc# 5
the base of hind margin of the third feather, reaching in some specimer? S
to a little beyond the middle of the feather.
Habitat: South Fork, Santa Ana River, 6,200 ft. altitude, June 2 G
and Juty 1, 1907, J. Grinnell.
Types: Four examples in the ccllection of the author.
Llatyptilia hesperis, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Head am <
thorax ochraceous to ochraceous-buff; eyes dark brown; antenne ligk >
ochraceous-buff or buff, with a few lighter coloured hairs along the uppe—
side ; the abdomen, cephalad, is the same colour as adjacent parts of bod =
caudad it is mummy-brown to Prout’s-brown, slightly lighter beneath am
at the tip.
Fore wings: General colour varying from ochraceous-buff t-
ochraceous, and tawny-ochraceous in some lights, and clay-colour incluc—
ing the hind wings. A large, triangular patch of mummy- or Prout’s-brow=—
resting on the costa, one-third of the way from the base, the tip reaching
to beyond the end of the fissure, not quite touching, a short distance ~
nearly half way into the second lobe ; basally, the wing is ochraceous-buff _
the part beyond the triangle has a central patch of ochraceous, edged withs™
buff bands; next to the inner buff band, which is narrower, is a band of
TUE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ings an even ochraceous-buff, inclining to light ochraceous
sta, especially basally. Fringes darker than the adjoining
ving. Colour glistening under a lens; the fissure occupies
ird of the wing. Lobes of hind wing very light buff, with «
| fringes darker. ‘The under side of all wings decidedly
upper side, with a less silky appearance, a duller lustre, but
San Francisc
. 7, 1907, Francis X. Williams,
haris pilularis, D. C.
18,1 @ in the author's collection.
larvæ living in Bac
orus Gorgoniensis, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 23-26 mm.
hipi grayish-white ; antennw grayish, distinctly annulated with
blackish. ‘Thorax and abdom
grayish-white ; legs entirely
-, spurs tipped with black
| colour of wings buff to pinkish-buff, mixed with considerable
black scales ; a delicate, brownish-metallic lustre underlies
clour of fore wings ; there is a black dash on the costa above
e fissure, and two black dots between this and apex, indistinct;
in the anal angle of the first lobe; fringes white, intermixed
ack hairs ; a small black, triangular spot at the end of the
320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMULOUGHST.
eT
This is a very distinct and peculiar-looking species, the pronounced
curve to the first lobe of the fore wings, and the general slender aspect;
render it easily recognizable and distinct. It is interesting as comamg
from an island.
Pterophorus Hilda, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 23 mm. Head amd
antennz pinkish-buff; antenne annulated with black ; eyes black ; thorax
and abdomen pinkish-buff or cream-buff.
General colour of wings varying from pinkish-buff, cream-buff to
olive-buff; there is a black dash at end of fissure, but not touching it,
somewhat crescent-shaped; a delicate shade (white) extends from here to
the costa, slightly diagonally, where there is another dark brownish dash
resting on the costa lengthwise ; there are indications of two or three more
spots between this and apex, obscure; there is a delicate white shade
along the costa of the first lobe, and in the apex is a larger one, with a
white line extending from this to the anal angle ; the second lobe is of the
same general shade of colour, but is more largely intermixed with a white
shade, which in the outer half (in one specimen) is resolved into three
baads. Fringes white, mixed with black hairs. Hind wings of an even,
shining pinkish-buff ; fringes long, concolorous ; legs white.
Habitat: Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft. altitude, July 27 and 31, 1907, J-
Grinnell. San Bernardino Mountains, Calif, July 13, 14, and Aug. 3-
Five specimens, of which two are types in the author’s collection.
Named after Hilda Wood Grinnell, who took so much interest in the
Lepidoptera of the San Bernardino Mountains.
Pterophorus pictipennis, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Head
and antenne cream-buff ; eyes black ; rear of head, thorax and abdome™
ochraceous-buff ; legs whitish, barred with ochraceous-buff.
General colour of fore wings ochraceous-buff, with on admixture of
salmon-buff ; a black dash at base of fissure ; four or five small black dc»t>
in angle of second lobe, and several along the inner margin, not reachi #38
the base; fringes darker than the rest of the wing. Hind wings salm 17
buff, with shining scales and silky lustre ; fringes of all the feathers ve ™Y
long, opaque, concolorous. Legs salmon-buff and ochraceous-buff, spe® *>
white on the basal half, the upper part white.
Habitat: South Fork of the Santa Ana River, 6,200 ft. altitude, S=#™
Bernardino Mts., Calif., June 29, 1907; J. Grinnell.
Type in the author’s collection.
Another specimen which is not quite typical is placed here pr"
visionally ; it is from the Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft. altitude, July 26, 190 7°
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
EW PHILANTHID WASPS.
BY S ROHWER, BOULDER, COLO.
calochorti, 0. sp.— Length, about ro mm.; length of
7mm, Head with rather large, separated punctures; closest
here they are somewhat confluent ; ecelli in a low triangle,
between the two lateral ocelli less than the distance to the
in; between the antennæ is a low, broad carina, which
clypeus ; first joint of flagellum about equal to 2+3;
mewhat thickened from base to apex; clypeus distinctly
iddle, convex part truncate, without any teeth; pronotum
hout ridge anteriorly, and not broken in middle, with a few
1 punctures ; propleura with irregular strie ; dorsulum with
tures, some well separated, others touching each other, a
w furrow down middle; scutellum similarly punctured;
unctured similarly, but the punctures more shallow ; meso-
iddle without punctures; metathorax more shining than
1 the punctures are larger ; enclosure dull, at anterior angles
five oblique strie, rest very finely, longitudinally striated
distinct but not strong; apical angles of fore tarsi rather
iced ; posterior coxæ distinctly, strongly excavated on outer
324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
subhyaline, marginal cell and surrounding area somewhat fuscous ; vena-
tion pale brown, stigma and costa reddish-yellow ; anterior margin of
clypeus with a fringe of silvery hairs ; thorax and abdomen above with
few scattered hairs.
Habitat.—Las Cruces, N. M., Aug. 3 (C. T. H. Townsend), fis. of
Solidago Canadensis.
This species is near femur-vibrum, Vier. and Ckil., but the enclosure
of the metathorax is punctured with large punctures, not smooth in the
middle ; the metathorax is without spots, etc.
Cerceris argyrotricha, n. sp.— 9. Length, 11 mm. Head as wide as
thorax, rather closely punctured with large punctures ; facial quadrangle
broader than long ; distance between the eyes at antennæ greater than the
length of the eyes ; ocelli in a low triangle, distance between the lateral
ones about equal to the distance of the nearest eye margin; carina between
the antennæ prominent ; third joint of antennæ about equal in length to
fourth ; clypeus punctured like front, anterior margin with two very small
teeth; thorax, except enclosure, with large rather close punctures;
enclosure closely, finely punctured, middle furrow distinct, four anterior
femora rather robust ; anterior tarsi on outside with long bristles, on inside
with a comb of short hairs; posterior tibiæ on outer margin strongly
setite ; first joint of posterior tarsi a little longer than 2+ 3+ 4; dorsal
segments of abdomen coarsely, closely punctured, punctures on first two
segments larger: ventral segment with very few punctures ; pygidium
about three times as long as the width at base, at apex truncate, closely:
finely punctured. Colour ferruginous ; apex of mandibles, apical half o
antenne, front above antennæ (except two ferruginous spots on supetiof
orbits), a basal, triangular spot on dorsal abdominal segments three and
four (this spot is dark brown), d/uck; clypeus, face to a little above the
level of antenna, clongate spots, pronotum, postscutellum, broad band où
second dorsal segment, and folowing dorsal segment, except spots above
mentioned, tegure in part, revo, wings subhyaline, darker along
margin ; venation brown, stigma vellowish ; face in front, thorax beneath,
legs, especially tarsi, and more especially the hind tarsi, with silvery
pubescen e.
Habitat Las Cruces, N° M. Aug. 11 (C. T. H. Townsend).
luis is quite à distinct species. In Viereck’s and Cockerell’s table of
New Mexico Cerceris (In, N.Y. Ent, Soc., Sept., 1904), it runs out at 7
because af the veliow elypeus and truncate pygidium.
326 THE CANADIAN ENTOMULOGIST,
margin ; entire thorax punctured with large close punctures ; enclosure
with large punctures, middle furrow more or less distinctly indicated by a
row of punctures; four anterior femora robust, swollen; anterior
trochanters triangular in outline, long, as long as half their femora;
abdomen above punctured as thorax; venter not strongly punctured ;
seventh dorsal segment parallel-sided, about twice as long as the width at
base, truncate at apex, each ap:cal corner with a small tooth, punctured
with large punctures. Colour black ; antennz, except basal joints above
fulvous, dusky above ; face to level of antennæ, inner orbits to a lithe
above antennæ, middle of clypeus, outer half of tegulæ, postscutellua®:
yellow; bands on dorsal abdominal segments two to seven (one on sxe M1
very smali), yedlowish-white; legs below knees (posterior tibiae at ape =
brownish) yellow or reddish-yellow ; posterior trochanters and base <>!
femora rufous ; postenor femora dark brown ; wings dark, darker abmg#
anterior margin; venation black.
Habitat.—Denver, Colo., July 20, 1907, on Cleome, 1 109 (Dunnings >.
The cvarsely-punctured enclosure separates this species from most
American ones. From its allies the dark wings, small size and shape Of
the clypeus will serve to separate it. The general appearance is much
tke that of OC Bactema, Cresson.
The types of the species descnbed above are in the author’s collec
ton. Che tollewing species of Æwcerceris has been described by Mr
Kockerstl, atter we had studied and discussed it together :
accusers Oimarum, n Sp, Cockerell & Rohwer.—9. Length:
aboutor mean ro nim; red, blackish and pale yellow. Head broad and
thik, buisht terruginous, darker on face ; mandibles thick, black at ape*?
fave thattened, closely and finely punctured ; clypeus very short, but #€)
beat, divided into three lobes, the middle one with a pair of rath
walely separated black teeth or tubercles on the lower margin, and betw €"
thea a small bituberculate prominence, and all three fringed with ra z het
dut pale hates; front with a very prominent obtuse ridge between ihe
witout, broadening and inclining to divide above, so as to form a st
wt Vo. ont, vertex. and cheeks with strong, close punctures ; vee
but, wterocellar area black ; cheeks exceedingly broad, roun ed
behind, antenne ferruginous, the apical two-thirds of the flagellum m a
deb, thie antennal joint little shorter than 4+5; mesothorax v
aliny, wath large, well-separated punctures, tending to run in ro
petite lim and postscutellum sparsely punctured ; mesopleura roughenes™ |
328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
In New York they were in evidence on the 15th, on the 16th in
Paterson, and in Newark on the 17th. At all these places they were
present in about the same abundance.
At an electric light two doors away from my house they covered a
branch of a tree extending out over the street so thickly that, when stand-
ing at my door, the branch had the appearance it would have aftera
heavy fall of wet, clinging snow. On the front of the two houses nearest
to this light, from the top of the first-floor windows to the roof—both
three-story houses—you could not have placed your hand on the boards
without disturbing four or five moths, There is an eight-foot alley between
these houses, and the sides adjoining this alley were covered in the same
manner,
When going along the streets and passing a light, one’s clothing
became coated as effectually as with real particles of snow. They would
fly in one’s face, in one’s eyes, and into one’s mouth if it were not kept
lightly shut.
Early the following morning (the 18th), under the lamps the wings
were on the ground as thick as apple blossoms after a storm, showing that
the sparrows had not forgotten why they were brought over to this country
some forty years ago. In New York they extended from Herald Square
to Harlem, At Paterson and Newark they extended to all parts of the
cities,
Although this moth was so abundant, it is as harmless as it is
beautitul.
A. subsignarius feeds on only five or six varieties of trees, and except
under the most unusual conditions could it do much harm, We 14
consider gurselves fortunate that the invasion was not of the Brown- tl
or Gypsy moths. It would be a hard matter to say where this army °
invaders came from, but no doubt conditions somewhere were favour ble
to their breeding to such an enormous extent.
In July, 1897 or 1898, [ saw a similar phenomenon at Boonton, N- J,
but in this case the invaders were .VeAviia semiclusarta.
On the 4th of July I was in a large woods, and suddenly came i *
tice completely covered from base to the lower limbs with semiclusar EF"
and upon going a little further I saw other trees covered as thickly. .
ai thin latest instance the invasion was for only one day, the next d Æ
wily a dozen or so could be found. Whence came they? Whither A
they pow [tas easy to answer the last, but who can explain the first?
330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
It may be that semiprestans is a distinct species, but it seems better
at present to treat it as a form of /ragarie.
In 1894 and 1896 Mr. Beutenmiiller treated Pyrrhotenia helianthi as
a synonym of fragariæ, but in his Monograph of the Sesiidæ, he makes it
a synonym of S. Behrensit (Hy. Edw.). The name helianthi, however,
has priority over Bekrensti, and the species must be known as Sesta
helianthi (Hy. Edw.).
| Sesta florissantella, nf. sp.
4.—Length, 8 mm.; anterior wing about 5% ; no red or yellow |
about the insect ; antennæ black, with a small apical tuft; the basal half
of the antennæ, beneath is finely denticulate, and also furnished with
Numerous curving hairs ; occiput with long, coarse, faintly yellowish hair;
vettex with black hair or scales ; cheeks with white hair, and face with
white scales ; palpt long and very bristly, the clothing black on the out-
aide, white above and within ; tongue slender ; thorax above black, with
strong greenish-metallic tints, the collar strongly brassy ; sides of thorax
with large black and white scales, a conspicuous patch of white just
beneath the wings ; legs black and white, the long hair on femora beneath
white, spurs white, hind basitarsus nearly all white, as also second joint
within and at apex, hind tibiæ with much white about the middle ; anterior
wings purple-black, with scattered white scales, a small white mark
(peppered with black) in the cell, and conspicuous white streaks in the
apical field ; hind wings transparent pearly-white, except for the black
costa and scales on the veins; fringes of both wings long and black ;
abdomen purple-black ; some white scales on second segment ; a narrow
pure white band on fourth, and an apical white band on the penultimate
one ; caudal tuft’ black.
Hfab.— Florissant, Colorado, June 25, 1908, in a very dry place
(Cakeredl), À distinct little species, in colour resembling S. ardi¢é:
Heutenm,, as much as anything. It appears to be related most closely {2
‘4 niged, Beutenm., known only in the female. It is barely possible that
as the undescribed male of n‘gra, but the differences in the colour of the
wires are so great that this cannot be assumed.
.Pigeria tibialis (Harris), var. Dyart, n. var.
4 Thotax purple-black : lateral bands in front very broad, but th
jeu Holial lines very narrow ; posterior dorsal yellow spots very large
don with first segment black ; second black, narrowly yellow at bas)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 331
third yellow, narrowly black at apex; fourth black, narrowly yellow at
base ; fifth and sixth yellow, narrowly black at apex ; apex of abdomen
cinnamon-brown.
ffab.—Las Vegas, New Mexico, July 3, 1900 (Cockere//). The
Same variety is figured in Beutenmiiller’s Monograph of the Sesiidæ, pl.
xxxill, fig. 13. The specimen figured, as I learn from Mr. Beuten-
miller, is from Colorado. This variety was described many years ago,
but not published ; my type is in the U. S. Nat. Museum. |
MOSQUITO NOTES.—NO. 6. (Continued.)
BY C. S. LUDLOW, PH. D.
Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon-General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.
From the Philippines comes a well-marked mosquito, apparently
belonging to Theobald’s Pseudo-uranotenia, but having very broad ungues
not mentioned in the description of the type.
Pseudo-uranotenia triangulata,, n. sp.— 4. Head datk, densely
covered with white flat scales, having a bluish tinge and a few brown
bristles ; antennæ light and apparently lacking pubescence, verticils
brown, basal joint testaceous ; palpi brown, proboscis brown, some out-
Standing scales near the tip on One specimen, labellæ light, eyes brown
and gold, clypeus dark brown.
Thorax: prothoracic lobes brown, with white, flat, broadly round-
€nded scales, a few brown bristles; mesonotum brown, covered for the
Most part with slender brown curved scales, but with a band of flat, white,
broadly “ round-ended ” scales running cephalad from the wing joints, and
Meeting at the nape, making a continuous line of bluish-white around the
latero-cephalic edge of the mesonotum, many long brown bristles near the
SCutellum ; scutellum brown, markedly lobed, with flat brown scales and
very long brown bristles ; pleura brown, with brown flat scales, shaped
tke those on the mesonotum, and a line of flat white scales running
lagonally across ; metanotum brown.
Abdomen covered with black scales except a triangular apical spot
(apex toward the base of the segment) of brilliant white scales, the spot
SOmetimes extending to the base of the segment; venter black, except a
©w white scales forming a median line.
Legs : coxæ and trochanters light, with brown scales. The remainder
Of the legs covered with brown scales except in the hind legs, which have
September, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
d fifth and the distal half of the third joint pure white, mid
ledly swollen. Ungues missing on all but the hind legs, where
e, simple and very broad, rather leaf-lik
lear, almost white, partly denuded, but with broad scales,
as symmetrical as in Mansonia, others suggesting the “heart.
es of Etorleptiomyia, mostly brown, but some white scales,
hite spot just exterior to the root of the third long. vein, and
the second long. and subcosta, but not on the costa, costal
Jranotenia. ‘The cells very short, first submarginal at least
brter than, and not so wide as the second posterior cell;
ry and mid cross-vein about the same length, meeting at an
e posterior cross-vein about one-half the length of, and three
bth distant, anteriorly, from the mid.
3.5-4 mm. Habitat: Reine Regente, Mindanao, P, I.
are distinctive, the triangular spots on the abdomen
ticeabl
probable that in Pseudoskusea mediolineata, mihi, I have
sea mediofasciata, the distinctien
toothed ungues, but the long palpi.
described Theobald’s 4
two genera being n
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
BOOK NOTIC
J'S CATALOGUE OF THE HEMIPTERA: A PRE
LIMINARY NOTE
J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, WHITE PLAINS, N. Y-
to bring to the notice of American entomologists, more
that of our hemipterists, Kirkaldy’s Catalogue of the
hich will shortly be published by F. L, Dames, of Berlin.
een my privilege to read some of the proof-sheets, and I am
that in spite of all the discussion to which it will surely give
will be indispensable to all systematic zoologists, on account
genetic matter that enriches it, I reserve to myself the
loing fully into the contents of each volume on its appearance,
ime is promised to us shortly. But in the meantime I may
s far more than a mere list of names, since it gives much
ta and brings all synonymies down to date, clearing up many
Its. I believe that since Stal’s Euumeratio Hemipterorum no
eld so completely, e
hilar nature has covered the
epting,
“Genera Insectorum,” which, however, is different in
THE CANADIAN
ENTOMOLOGIST.
us, Of course, this must be followed with an examination
vn species of the world’s Tortricide and a reassemblage of
heir proper generic headings.
cessarily must be some years before such a work can be
he status of generic names in our present list is of
e most important changes are shown in the following
t column of which gives the names to be substituted for the
lames of the American lists in column two, and the European
three. It may be added that this table but briefly shows the
le necessary in the European lists. About half of their present
s will go into the synonymy and be replaced by older names,
[Dyar Cat., 1902.
Revision. | Smith List, 1903. S. & R: Catalogue, 1901,
Evetria, Hb. Evetria, Hb.
Exartema, Clem. Cymolomia, Led.
| Olethreutes, Hb. Olethreutes, Hb,
{ Thiodia,
| Cydia, H
Épinotia, Hb
b. (Dy:
(YA) Semasia, Hb.
(Smith) |
Steganoptycha, Stph.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 337
SOME RECENT PAPERS ON HEMIPTERA.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.
(Continued from page 302.)
Another paper of interest is by Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy, ‘ A List of the
Described Hemiptera (excluding Aleyrodidæ and Coccidz) of the Hawaiian
Islands.'
This paper is in its nature a supplement and an addendum to his
former work on the same group in the “Fauna Hawatiensis.” The
arrangement and nomenclature very naturally agree with the author’s
views on phylogeny and nomenclature, which, I understand, will be carried
out in his forthcoming catalogue of the Hemiptera, to be issued shortly.
But aside from these matters open to disagreement, with which in the
main Iam in accord, there is much that is useful and of interest in the
paper. |
He begins by noting that the endemic families of the Heteroptera
number only 8 out of the 26 recognized at the present day ; and only 4
out of 12 Homopterous families ; and further, that of these 12 families 6
only are represented by more than 10 species, namely: the Myodochidæ
(Lygæidæ auctt), Nabidæ, Miridæ, and the first three Homopterous
families. The absence of other dominant families in the Pacific ‘ show
more plainly than words the real condition of the Fauna.”
‘“The leading characteristic of the Hawaiian Hemiptera is their
tendency and almost complete adaptation to an arboreal life. All, or
practically all, the Hawatian Asiracidæ—one of the most important
families numerically—are arboreal, a phenomenon otherwise known, so
far, only in one peculiar Australian genus, Proterosydne, Kirkaldy.
Acanthia, usually a riparian genus, has one species representing, no
doubt, the ancestral form, inhabiting dry heaths in Europe ; nowhere but
in these Islands, to my knowledge, are there arboreal species.”
One hundred and seventy-four species are recorded, of which 138 are
considered endemic and 36 immigrant. The endemic genera reach 31.
Coccidæ and Aleyrodidæ are not considered, and including these,
described as well as manuscript species, he estimates the total Hemipterous
1, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., I, pt. 5, pp. 186-208, text figs. 1 to 3, pl. 4, April,
1908.
September, 1908
338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
fauna, endemic and immigrant, at not less than 500 species, of which
360 are endemic.
In this paper several new genera are established, a number of ne”
species described, some synonymy cleared up, and, which makes it of
more importance to students of the Pacific fauna, a large number
rectifications are made in the “ Fauna Hawaiiensis.” To enhance is
value, Kirkaldy gives us a table of the Asiracid genera. There are three
text figures of wing venation, and a plate of Homopterous genitalia, which
add greatly to the usefulness of the paper.
Putting aside the debatable points, this is a really valuable contribu-
tion to Hemipterology, a fragment though it be.
The third paper® appeared in the Okio Naturalist for June of this
year, under my name, but it is in reality a careful study of certain of the
fresh-water forms of the Gerrid subfamily Halobatinæ, and includes what
id practically a monograph of Rheumatobates, by Dr. E. Bergroth. This
paper is of so finished a character that any comment on its quality
becomes superfluous. [ wish, however, to call attention to it verÿ
especially, and now note a few of its salient points.
Dr. Bergroth begins by restricting and defining the subfamily Hal-
Aatine, Which is characterized by having the inner margin of the eyes
convexly rounded. A discussion of Zrepobates, Uhl., follows, in which
this genus and its alles, Ca//istometra, Kuh.; Rheumatometra, Kuk;
Metrobates, Ubl.; Zelmatometra, Bergr. (gen. nov.), and Æa/obatopsis,
Bianchi, are considered. The new genus Ze/matometra is here charac-
terized, and is at once distinguished from its ally Zrepobates by the
structure of the head, antennæ, corium and genital segments. One
species, Ledmatometra Whiter, Bergr., is described in the genus. Next
in order, AAeumatobates Preposterus, Bergr., is described. This can
readily be separated from its described allied species by having the middle
pair of legs curiously malformed in the J instead of the third pair, as 1
other forms of the genus. This, of course, is apart from the excellent
claracter afforded) by the peculiar 4 antennæ. Dr. Bergroth gives 4
able for separating the known species, and figures their antennæ. Taking
Ho altapether, this is a most valuable contribution to Hemipteroiogy, and
Indispensable to students of the semi-aquatic Trochalopoda.
Over thre \quatie Henuptera collected by Prof. H. S. Hine in Guatemala:
alas Nieger tebe eXe, \ tii, CPL
LUE CANAVIAN KNOMOLOGIST,
JREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON.
n from Science that in the Bureau of Entomology the salary of
ogist has been increased from $3,250 to $4,000. The total
In is increased by $48,950, making it $184,960 ; this includes
Boll-weevil investigations, which have heretofore been carried
ny appropriation. In addition, the Bureau has charge of the
Brown-tail Moth campaign, for which an emergency appropri-
,CO0, an increase of $100,000, was made, the entire amount
diately available. The silk investigations in progress for
are to be brought to a close.
Grou, B. S. A., Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, bas
à appointed an assistant in the Division of Entomology and
which Dr, James Fletcher presides, of the Experimental
Dominion,
y friends will learn with deep regret that Mr. J. A. Gu
RD,
ed to resign,
filled.
where, it is to be hoped, be
rs Dr. Fletcher's chief assistant, has felt comp:
nd infirmity, the position which he so usefull
ined to his native Switzerlar
prolonged period of rest and quiet happi
| ANNUAL MEETING AT GUELPH,
NOVEMBER Sth and 6Gth.
Œbe LS QT à
| 4 7 | +
ft DA ne
Canadian Gutomologist
VOLUME XL. |
No. 10. |
i}
CONTENTS
Cockerell -- Fossil Osmylidie (Neuroptera) in America. (Plate: tone vor au
Cockerell--The first American Fossil Mantis, Plate). 000.00... 4.8
Pearsall—The genus Enpithecia and its allies... 000. ra? © |
Coolidge—Notes on California Butterflies 0... ae reer ¢ \D
Davis —A secondary sexual character of Aphididae, IP. . 345 .
Fernald A new species of Tortricidae 2... wee 410
Freedley — The varly stages of Samia Columbia nokomis .. .. .. is
Bueno—Mounting Insects tor the Microscope... . Ne
Kirkaldy --Some remarks on the Phvlogens of the HemipteraeHet. coptera vor
MacGillivray Emphytine—New genera and species aiid same out metas js
Aldrich -- Meigen’s tirst paper on Diptera . ST"
Fletcher and Brodie — Piatysamia Columbia noncemis su. vs
Dsar—Brunettis Annotated Catalogue of Oriental Curate 7h
i mr =
EDITED BY
REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE,
PROEFSSOR OF ENTOMOLOGY
ONTARIO AGKICUL DURAND Geste oti pry,
OCTOBER, 1958.
Legs tea’
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art de 2: ce L'rvienes so me: 5es dee 2m AUTRE ess a Ti er
Payne sacs cs. i shal Se cecticular à of Hi ti a cote UNIT ee sets
meegg> fre tie —iauss Disc Ars, Exner nesta Fi Dors Or:
eR PITSOPTEP AL Hl mien toon Large Batteries ate Mieis ses es rs
ere Seuthern States <tr, BLN. ot Laws. SL tts +, Merrlecr NO
J. RP. . 278 zs e ae 7. ore me ce os oo. Rurca. =: - « -e” 2" _..
WANTES s :
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es. Entomol og: 400 97 cars, Bacvrers mee Pats CON. Am Fee lee
BR .:: . | abe me on © ze . r VI = P. . * - N . . . a. io -ee
EN: pu Gist. De aware Dart. statin. Newacs. De.
Wasted WN EX HAN calor for cash dir te coming eds Ter ls eges
che Agantesis groun. esnes ar ofthe SC .tnern and Western States ="
ce ve
Rostine. moe ifeeriscon Ase. Soracton Pa.
Wanian, os cramiy i tie. Ut deidæ and ctier Coleoptera in NAT es 107
sare tram th. oy aoe. Boire Vol. ma as. Am. Ent Soo. reer-s. tt saxo gs
for fi re Milo: granr fee Tenet rn. nice. —c, A. FROsT. 22 rar Se) Sc
cire oes
1 , ae , » . ne soe te eb) Party _ = * a
lost ee ai. of oe J 7e se mens à: ] . Tave. WG... à Wl. as
Hesra rr er oo fon. Sndaman IS ar T. IH PET ais. A. Camacea,.
Phare, Pres * ahve ans tron Dartee ing and Assat. Woes for
prices ‘ou Me LR rt adh. Etats, Ca.cutta.
Dying. Una.
unit cand list idir ans
Washington Pace. Nes
.". NA: iv es vartet, Wil =: ‘ad. V Name : ME’RETIG. nm ttes
17 cites a od exc age. CHRIS. He Rove:
wis
a,”
PURE © EEL LE te exchange for .ther care No AL Hepiaiida rot in se,
ecto. FL HH Lasean.es Ma Tast-h Steer, Montreal, Canada.
6 oR TERA Mans papers bs Leone. Horn, Fall and others to exchange
Lors it, RS : "© ue ation.—G. CHAGNON, m od.
1. ate 4% ua A à te European and Exotic. offered ::
ten less or ets Los: ere or Dae. apo Crustaceans of Canada
+
-* - wat "+ "À. .duirev-irs- Elbeuf, Seine Inferieure.
| us oo US. Coleoptera, and aiso many
De . M7 give a set of Callichroma
, 1: . enussmorator. DR. GEO. VW.
Vu toux or exchange. Write
. à izona, New Mexico, N.
: me St, Newark, N. J.
. us of Papaipema, nitela,
1, Nonagria oblonga, and
… ca.—#F. E. MOESER, 238
. usa and Lithocolletis ot
St HRODER, Schwabische-
Che Canadian Hntomologist
VoL. XL. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1908. | _ No. ro.
FOSSIL OSMYLIDÆ (NEUROPTERA) IN AMERICA.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.
The Hemerobiide, as understood by most authors, are divided by
Handlinsch into several families : Dilaridæ, Osmylidæ, Polystoechotidæ,
Sisyridæ, Nympheside, and Hemerobiidæ. Of these, the Hemerobiidæ
proper are abundantly represented in the North American fauna ; while
(according to Banks, as shown by his recent Catalogue) we have two
species of Polystoechotes, one each of Sisyraand Climacia (Sisyridæ), and
one of Dilar. The Osmylidæ are not represented. In the Miocene shales
of Florissant we find instead one o/ystoechotes, two Osmylidæ, and no
Hemerobiidæ, Sisyridæ or Dilaridæ. Probably not much importance should
be attached to the apparent absence of several groups, but the existence of
Osmylidæ, an Old World group, is significant, and in harmony with other
facts, such as the occurrence of a species of Nemopteridz in the shales.
Scudder described one of the Florissant Osmylids as Osmylus
reguietus. He prefaced his account (Tertiary Insects, p. 162) with the
following remarks : The species we have placed here agrees somewhat
closely with the species from amber, Osm. pictus, referred by Hager to
this genus, but differs from it in its lack of any diverse colouring in the
wings, as well as in some minor points of the neuration, as in the distance
of the outer series of gradate veinlets from the outer border of the wing,
their regular connection with one of the basal branches of the radius, the
regularity of the inner series of gradate veinlets, as well as the structure of
the cubital region. The two Tertiary species, however, agree together, and
disagree with the living types -in the simple character of the costal
nervules, the much smaller number of sectors, and the character of the
basal half of the wing, where the sectorial interspaces are regular and
broken by few and irregularly scattered cross-veins, instead of being so
numerously supplied as to break up the field into an almost uniform and
minute reticulation. The two fossil species would therefore appear to
form a section apart.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Osmylus reguietus,
reed with Scudder
cudd., in the shale at Station 13. The
type, except that it was a little smaller,
mm. long inst
ad of over 15. ‘The insect differs conspicu.
ypical Osmy/us in the characters mentioned by Scudder, and
, form the basis of a new genus Osmylidia. Whether the
Baltic amber should be considered strictly congeneric, I will
to decide. In many of its characters this genus is closely
very much older Mymphites Craneri, Haase, from the litho-
of Bavaria ; indeed, it may fairly be said that Osmy/idia is
between Mymphites of the Jurassic, and Osmy/us of the
dia requieta (Scudd.) is, however, not the only Osmylid fossil
At Station BB, this year, my wife found a much larger
lesented by a wing, of which enough is preserved to show the
acters. This wing is about 25 mm. long, with dark veins,
bots very much like those of the living Osmydus chrysops
apex, the costal reg
on is irregularly and diffusely maculated ;
on of the wing there are two small round spots, the first
second about 15 mm. from the base ; toward the hind
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
united for about 144 mm. beyond the separation of the
lobe obliterated, but I do not think it was very large.
Lithophotina floccosa, 0, sp.
tegmen about 2114 mm., width 7 ; apparently subhyaline,
ins, and obscure, irregular brown mottling.
; Miocene, Station 14 (HW. P. Cockerell, 1907).
NUS EUPITHE
y RICHARD F. PEARSALL, RROOKLY
IA AND ITS ALLIES.
N.Y,
aper must necessarily be, in part, of a tentative char-
attention which has been accorded the Geometrinæ
lulted in giving us many new species, and their affiliations
wrought out. My object is partially to clear the way for
re mature work. Of the genera allied with Eupithecia, Dr.
ed two in our list, one of which, in the light of recent
be excluded therefrom, and the other greatly restricted,
stis, Hubn., and Gymnocelis, Mab. The former is repre-
gle species, incons/
the female type of which is
k, N. J. Upon examination, it
{ Selidosema Wrightiaria, Hulst (Dyar, 3829),
ollection at New Brur
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
——
345
nose-like prominence of the front being common to all, with the following
Nasusina, n. gen.
Type inferior, Hulst.
limitations :
Fixed.
Antenne, flattened, shortly ciliate,
slender.
Palpi, moderate.
Front, horizontally projecting, with
pad or cushion of scales,
rounded above clypeus.
Tongue, developed.
Variable.
Thorax, untufted.
Abdomen, with low tufts, or none.
Venation, hind wings, 6 and 7
long-stemmed, 3 and 4 widely
separate.
Accessory cells, one.
Fore tibiæ, unarmed.
Hind tibiæ, end spurs normal,
upper spurs much reduced, or
absent.
Hair pencil in f absent.
Venation, hind wings, vein 5 pres-
ent, vein 8 anastomosing
with cell nearly cell’s length.
The species at present recognized are :
inferior, Hulst.
desperata, Hulst.
remorata, Gross.
gypsata, Hulst.
discoidalis, Gross.
artestata, Gross.
mellissa, Gross.
The type form is constant so far as I can determine, but the species
are rare in all collections. Of the type, I have not seen more than twenty
examples, ten of which are in my own cabinet.
Eupithecta, the central genus, should be left for later assemblage into a
series of groups or sections, having as a basis for separation, for instance,
the biciliation of the antennz as in the /achrymosa group, or even minor
characters, some one thing which will serve to include an orderly series.
For the present this is impossible, until the species themselves are
determined, and especially does this apply to the many forms inhabiting
our western territory.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
OT ON CALIFORNIA BUTTERFLIES.
BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIF
ms on the Life-history of Chrysophanus gorgon, Boisd.
anus gorgon flies throughout California in the foothills and
ains, not inhabiting the valleys and plains to any extent. It
iin Nevada. Like other Cérysophanids, such as editha,
reus, it has a rather wide distribution, yet is very local. [
id over two years in this county before I was aware of ils
re. Mr, J. G. Grundel, at Alma, in this county, wrote me
hat it was quite common there at an elevation of several
, on the dry, hot hillsides, where its food-plant thrives, Several
raught a fine fiery ¢, the only one I have ever seen in the
Of the life-history, Mr. Grundel has published a few brief
m. News, XV, 97, 1904), and I have given a description of
Eh I here repeat, in my review of the genus.*
iameter about 1 mm.; colour dirty creamy-white. Hemi-
httened at base, marked by numerous polygonal or semi-
ressions. The food-plant is a species of Eriogonum (not
srobably nudum, Douglas,
nus closely related to Rumex,
bmmon food plant for Chrysophanias. ‘The plant grows only
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
ht greenish-white colour, somewhat pink-tinged. It was slug-
nuated, the dorsum convex, the ventral surface flattened, the
le, Pupation took place freely among the leaves.
Colour dark brown, somewhat lighter on the ventral surface.
In several indistinct longitudinal series of black spots. Posterior
ends well rounded ; ventral outline straight ; dorsal outline,
depression on the mesonotum, very evenly rounded. Length,
test breadth, 4 mm. One larva pupated June rst, and the
bt emerged June 23rd
DARY SEXUAL CHARACTER OF APHIDIDÆ, IIL—
SUPPLEMENTARY.
DAVIS, OFFICE OK THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, URBANA, IL
he publication of “A Secondary Sexual Character of Aphidide,”
, Dr. John B. Smith has called my attention
Ir., August, 16
rtant papers on the tibial sensoria, which I overlooked in
f previous literature on the subject.
1893 (Vol. XXI,
ensory pittings” on the hind tibiæ of several
Ince for January
31), Dr. Smith speaks
ound these
e oviparous female aphides, and that “these structures differed
Re
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 349
A NEW SPECIES OF THE TORTRICIDÆ.
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS.
Argyroploce abtetana, n.s.—Expanse of wings, 21-23 mm. Head,
thorax and fore wings dark brown, varying somewhat in intensity of colour,
some specimens being lighter than others, caused more or less by yellowish-
brown scales intermixed with the dark brown, This is especially notice-
able in specimens taken in Amherst, Mass., as compared with specimens
taken in Maine. The fore wings are crossed by three silvery-white bands,
the first of which, arising from the basal fourth of the costa and ending at
the basal third of the hinder border, is divided by about three fine,
thread-like, irregular dark brown lines extending across the wing through
this band which receives, near the middle, an outward angle or tooth of
varying form, from the basal brown part of the wing, and there is some-
times a similar one on the outer side. The second band arises from two
small geminate white spots on the costa above the end of the cell, the
stripes from which unite at the end of the cell, and this band ends at the
outer fourth of the hind margin, and has a dark brown tooth extending
into it on the inner side on the median vein. ‘The sides of this band are
irregular, caused by indentations from the dark brown on each side. On
the costa, beyond the costal origin of the middle band, are two equidistant,
geminate, silvery-white streaks, the first of which is short, while the other
extends downward, giving off two branches in succession, to the outer
margin above the middle, and is often connected below with a similar
Stripe extending up from the anal angle, and also giving off branches to
the terminal margin. Fringes dark fuscous, with a darker extrabasal line.
Hind wings and abdomen above fuscous, with lighter fringes, which
have a darker extrabasal line. Under side of fore wings fuscous, with the
geminate costal spots reproduced beneath. Under side of hind wings,
thorax, abdomen and all of the legs fuscous, the tarsal segments tipped
with whitish.
Described from three male specimens taken in Amherst, Mass., one
of which I make the type, and four males from South Paris, Maine, sent
tome by Miss Edith M. Patch, Entomologist at the Maine Agricultural
Experiment Station at Orono, Me. Miss Patch wrote me as follows :
“On May 20 I received from South Paris, Maine, webbed twigs of spruce
containing pupz of a Tortricid which had ruined some small spruces.
The moths began to emerge May 29.”
October, 1908
350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
This insect occurs in Amherst on Norway spruce. The larve were
found May 7 to 10, 1891, and the following description was prepared by
Miss Rose L. Davis :
“The larvæ of this insect were found on young Norway spruces o
the Agricultural Co'lege grounds, under white silken webs at the base d
the leaves, which were mined by these minute larve. A small hole wa
made on one side near the base and the entire contents were consume,
leaving the leaf dead and of a dull reddish colour.
~The larvæ, when full-grown, are about 7 mm. in length, cylindrical in
form, with the head of medium size, of a shining yellowish-brown colour,
and with a few üne hairs scattered over the surface. The rest of the bod Y
is of a ght greenish-brown colour. semitransparent. The thoracic a
anal shields are of a pale greenish cclour, with the usual fine hairs ©"
these and over the surface of the body. When disturbed they quickly Act
themselves down by a siken thread. The moths emerged June 2to >»
1Sg2."
I received four male specimens in poor condition from Prof. R. A.
Cooley severa vears 220, taken in) Mentana, but without any particul ="
as to food and hats Tiese c:ferin no specific way from the Mas"
specimens sent me Dy Miss Puit, except in size, the wing expanse °
WiC IS 1413 mm.
[HE FARLY STAGES OF SA4W/4 COLUMBIA NOKOMom
PY W. 7 FRENUVLIYY. TR. PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Vics denses AT IN 1158, lerg:h. 2.6 mm; breadth, 2 mat ©:
geriboasommr Elan ardowith à si zh: comrression top and botto=1
Coo 2 gga avvater Uy sreaivy-w ite. Dut vers much discoloured by er the
set siris es tration & Jr ataccss :112 the object on which fourmi.
Lis ui svt Aria ist TS Qrer.s. Larva, when first emerges’
set ete ait A ii. . acy with ight green shading at ht
Das SS Le Li dis Sos. lack. with from 3 to 7 spi
Sy Les CUS area aus. gi . ack. sparsely clothed with hai =
Sci vox sta its geen shading. changing to glos 7!
DE :2 segments had a faint cchraceo Æ—"
‘ Ce
Sister ets titrs art dir dave cred into a strong ochresello 7
. : 4°: st. 7ad glossw-black head, tubercle?
[os es LUS Cia At ie De <snath was 16 mm
352 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
tubercles with black spines ; from the second segment to the tenth, inclu-
sive, the two dorsal tubercles bright yellow with black spines ; the large
dorsal tubercle on the eleventh segment the same colour ; all the lateral
tubercles and all the tubercles on the twelfth segment glossy black, with
black spines.
On the twenty-first day the only change noticed was that the thorax
legs were greenish-yellow with glossy-black tarsi, but on the twenty-second
day the increase in size was very marked. The length had increased from
36 mm. to 44 mm. At this stage the larva, when resting, assumed nearly
the same position as when ready to moult, but the head was not quite as
much withdrawn into the first segment. On the following day the larv#
were preparing to moult, assuming the same position as usual, with heal
drawn into and under the first segment, contracting to the length of 33 ma:
On the twenty-fourth day the larvæ moulted for the fourth time, co &™
ing out a greenish-slate colour, with head translucent pea-green, dors
tubereles ochre-yellow, lateral tubercles light blue. On the twenty-f ft
day the larve were from 48 to 52 mm. in length ; head yellow-green ; fx =!
segment pea-green; segments 2 to 12, inclusive, slate-green ; segment Æ à
prolegs and anal prolegs pea-green and sparsely clothed with hai Æ:
thoracic legs clear green with black tarsi: mandibles clear green withm À
slight pinkish tinge. Tubercies on first segment small, glossy black, w si
no spines ; the two dorsal ones on znd, 3rd and 4th large and promine Æ!
ochre-veliow, with side towards head glossy black, with eight glossy-blæ- ck
spines. Two dersai tubercles on segments 5-10 ochre-yellow, with fre"
one to three glosst-blick spines : large dorsal tubercle on segment elem
CU Velow, with eat black spines ; ad tubercles on r2th segment =="
Mieg We fom two te Sve spines; two dorsal tubercles on 13th segme ="
glossy aes. wit ent tue tips and Olack spines. Lateral tubercles on
segments nog ard, Ugh blue, with black spines: on segments 5-2 '*
MIEN, Peat coo Wed tom ove 10 three spines : all spines throug gh
. Tati Sas §2 mm. contracted, 60 m a
La . . . e
OX Soa vs otre croatie rire were" shth dar a slight naam
ER Ve an vets bar on the twenty-ninth day the F ne
SW ta soa ND sie the length was from 68m
. soso tgs tty rte arvw were very healthy loo
or stg ot dS ist<ietà day Yhere seemed oc”
JU ads à eggs + Ces oss crNinatma to eat. On!
VON AN Lee OA UN aL in og sc. Rat. and the length
.
354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The above description is based on larve raised from moth to cocoon
by myself at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, through
the courtesy of Dr. Skinner, the entomological curator. Dr. Skinner kindly
turned over to me a number of eggs of this fine moth, seven of which I
succeeded in bringing through the various larval stages.
Note sy Dr. Henry SKINNER.—The Rev. Clement Hoyler, of
Strathcona, Alberta, kindly sent me a number of these cocoons last March.
He says of them: ‘About 75 per cent. of the cocoons I obtained this
season were attached to young willow shoots, so far as they were brought
to me attached to anything. ‘The remainder were attached either to nse
bushes, balsam or trembling poplar, and in individual cases to the stalks
of an herb, the twining stem of Lonicera parviflora and a tamarack fe ©
post. In all cases the cocoons were either in the midst of or compare |
tively near willow bushes. As to their height above ground, the distan €
ranged from 8 to 18 inches as a rule.” The moths are smaller tha?
Columbia and much brighter in colour. Dr. Fletcher writes me that thm '
variety was described as Platysamia Columbia nokomis in “The Biologie =!
Review of Ontario,” in October, 1894. As this publication is not in om
library, I have been unable to examine it. The larvæ present mar -#}
differences from the descriptions of those of Codumbia in the literature” “
The larvæ were given a variety of plants,* but refused to feed on any kid
but Sa/ix a/ba, and flourished on it.
ENTOMOLOGICAL RECORD.
With Mr. Gibson’s assistance, I have been taking notes during tt
past season of all rare captures of insects made in Canada, or of insee== '
which have occurred at unusual seasons or outside their known limif#&—*
These will be worked up for the Entomological Record for the year, =
usual. I shall be obliged to all readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGI==—"
who will send in to me to the Central Experimental Farm, at Ottawa, ax
records suitable for this purpose. I would also ask those sending an
records in the orders studied by them, to prefix in all cases the number 1°
the recognized check list of the order, or in the case of Diptera, the pages’
in Prof. Aldrich’s Catalogue. This is a small matter for those sending ="
the lists, but is a much more serious undertaking when all of these lis= !
have to be consolidated and worked up in a short time after all the lis %
have been received. —J. FLETCHER, President Ent. Soc. Ont.
—— —__ —— — — — -- - ~
* Ash, Norway Maple, Alder, Apple.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 395
MOUNTING INSECTS FOR THE MICROSCOPE.
BY J. R. DE LA ‘TORRE BUENO, WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.
Dr. Packard’s little book, ‘‘ Entomology for Beginners,” while not
exactly adapted to mere tyros, is really most suggestive to such as have
gone more deeply into the science. Its last chapters on dissection and
the preparation of insects for the microscope are especially useful, and
contain many helpful hints. From them I gathered my first notions of the
use of alkaline solutions for cleaning material, and of turpentine and
Carbolic acid as cleaning and fixing agents. From Professor Gage’s book,
“© The Microscope,” I learnt much of technique, and among other things
the use of carbol turpentine.
In my work in breeding water-bugs, it has been my endeavour to
dissect where possible or necessary, and to mount entire where the size of
the insect permitted, for the microscopic study of anatomy, which is a far
En ore satisfactory method than the examination of the entire insect by
Nneans of a hand magnifier, or even under the microscope by reflected light.
My first work was very orthodox. My dissections and bugs were
Passed through different grades of alcohol, then through turpentine, and
fimally cleared by means of oil of cloves. From Professor Gage’s book I
a Bsorbed the idea that all the gradual changes in the alcohol might be
AQCvantageously omitted, which was done, and by various steps not
Miecessary to detail, my present procedure was evolved. It must be
bone in mind, however, that it is not my aim to bring out details of
internal anatomy, such as muscular structure, nervous or digestive systems,
©tc., but to prepare the insect for the study of its external organization.
The simplest process is by the use of carbol turpentine. This I have
Prepared by mixing approximately equal parts of carbolic acid crystals
With spirits of turpentine. Gage’s exact formula for this is 40 cc. carbolic
4nd 60 cc. turpentine. Into this the living insect is plunged, and it ceases
to struggle in a minute or less. In general, the legs and wings are spread
©ut when the insect finally succumbs, and no further arrangement is
Necessary for mounting. After 24 hours or so, or even as little as 12, it is
Possible to mount. In fact, the longer the time that elapses, the harder
4nd more brittle the insect becomes, so that there is danger of breaking
off appendages by the mere weight of the cover glass. Flies killed in
this medium extrude the tongue most beautifully.
For dead insects from the cyanide bottle the method is slightly
different. These are put at once into 957 alcohol, and after dehydration
October, 1908
356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
for not less than 24 hours, are drained on a piece of filter paper and put
into pine spirits of turpentine, or sometimes into the carbol turpentine, for
some hours. I generally leave all this material overnight or longer,
according to the time I have for mounting.
All mounts are in balsam in xylene (xylol), without pressure, except
for flat objects. Ifa sufficient amount of balsam be used, the insects will
not be crushed out of shape. For bulky ones, however, a cell of some
kind is advisable.
In the work on the respiratory system of Be/ostoma and of Ranatrax _
while the final dissections were mounted by the alcohol and turpentim «
method outlined above, the specimens were obtained as follows: The bum ;
preserved in alcohol was cut longitudinally in half by means of a scalp <
or a pair of scissors. ‘The two halves of the body were then carefuk 1
boiled in a strong solution of caustic potash after the alcohol was que ©
thoroughly washed out. This, of course, largely takes place in the pe” ¢
liminary dissection. The boiling potassium hydrate dissolves out all tt
viscera and leaves the entire tracheal system untouched im situ. Ca mre
must be exercised, however, not to carry the solution too far, as otherwi ===
the tracheæ themselves will be attacked. It is now a simple matter @°
dissect out trachez and spiracles for mounting. The dissections must E>"
repeatedly and carefully washed in clean water, which must be change
each time, until not a trace of the alkali remains, before being put n@°?
plenty of 95% alcohol. The turpentine clearing is the next step, and ttæ*
preparation is ready for mounting.
Mounts of the false spiracles of Ranatra thus prepared show th
occluding membrane of the round perforations and the slit-like tre Æ#
spiracle situated in the widened peritreme.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
The forty-fifth annual meeting will be held at the Ontario Agricultur=—#
College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, November sth and 6th. C3!
the former evening there will be a public meeting in Massey Hall, whe!
addresses will be given by President Creelman, of the College ; Mr. C.
James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Ontario; Dr. Fletcher, Pres |
dent of the Society, and an illustrated lecture by Dr. E. P. Felt, St € “
Entomologist of New York. Morning and afternoon sessions will *
held, at which papers on scientific and economic entomology will be reac® »
and officers will be elected for the ensuing year.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 357
GENERA INSECTORUM, Fascicule 72.—Innumerable errors mar the
Pages of this Fascicule. While mostly of minor importance, these
mistakes are, nevertheless, decidedly objectionable. Many ofthem would
have been eliminated had it been possible to secure a second proof of the
text. This, however, the publisher refused to send, in spite of a very
urgent request from the writer to do so. The most serious error noted is
On p. 25, 6 lines from the top, where Psorodonotus radiata should read
fsorodonotus pancici.—A. N. CAUDELL.
SOME REMARKS ON THE PHYLOGENY OF THE
HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
The classification of the Heteroptera, as usually adopted by the
SY stematists of to-day, seems to be somewhat far from representing the real
Phylogeny of the suborder. Schiddte’s illuminating paper of 1869 has
been little followed by the majority of workers, who seem to have mis-
4Pprehended some of the salient points.* The order of families adopted
by Lethierry and Severin, that put forward by Osborn, and that used lately
by Distant, which is practically a copy of Saunders’s, are all apparently
UN natural.
Schiddte’s divisions are based on the method of articulation of the
hind coxæ, and appear to me to be natural, sharply limited, and probably
’€ry ancient. Which of the two groups is the more generalized, however,
$ mot easy to decide.
The following brief notes are intended to stir up some thought on the
abject. I am obliged to take as granted, or very probable, certain
2M proved points, as this is simply a summary, but later on I hope to treat
the subject in detail.
My conception of a typical, rather primitive, Heteropteron, say of
\ate Carboniferous time, is of an insect not very distinct, perhaps, from a
Modern Cimicine (Asopine), such as Cimex (Picromerus) bidens.
‘Sharp, in reproducing Schiôüdte's table, places the ‘‘Capsidz” in the Trocha-
Poda. No wonder that Sharp finds that ‘‘Schiddte’s characters do not divide
bis two divisions at all sharply !"
October, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
mitive form would, as an adult, be rather strongly and heavily
lgmina would be sharply divided into three areas, viz: clavus,
membrane, the latter being membranous and numerously
wo former coriaceous. The antennæ would be 5-segmentatet
cealed under the head ; the labium (rostrum) would be free,
be composed of four segments; the tarsi would have three
dd the metasternal glands would be very strongly developed.
I; would also possess well-developed stink-glands, three in
last, and paired.
velopment of the stink-glands, the sharp limiting of the mem-
the coriaceous part of the tegmina, the quadrisegmentate
are, in my opinion, fundamental characters of a typical
1, and it is in those forms which are obviously highly modified,
larture from the above is specially shown. Entirely mem
nina are found in Gerrid and Enicocephalidæ, obviously
ed families. It isin the Gerridæ also, and the true water-
neration of the metasternal stink-glands has proceeded
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 359
en SS
In 1907 I proposed a classification of two superfamilies in each main
division, and six families in each superfamily. My friend, Dr. Bergroth
(in Zitt.), suggests that in the Cimicoidez, the Cimicidæ form a superfamily,
the Tingidze another, the remaining three families another. This is very
Probably more correct, but it has this objection, viz.: that its adoption
Would obscure the much closer mutual relationship between these three
“superfamilies” than between any of them and the Nepoideæ. Since
Proposing the above classification, I have acquired some specimens of
Yrostylis, which was previously unknown to me in nature. This genus
S€€ms to me to be a very aberrant Cimicid, and in some respects to be
More allied to the Lygæidæ. At present I propose to establish eight
families in the Cimicoideæ, viz.: Cimicidæ, Cydnide,* Urostylidæ, Aradide,
Ly gæidæ, Pyrrhocoridæ, Myodochide ( = Geocoridæ) and Tingidæ. The
Tessaratomine lead to the Aradidæ, the Urostylide to the Lygæidæ.
More study of nymphal characters in Cydnidæ and Urostylidæ is needed,
Indeed, in all the families.
My classification may stand for the present as follows :
Superfamily I.—CimicoibEÆ.
T- The articulation of the antennæ with the head, concealed from above.
Ova deposited externally. Nymphs, in the last instar at least, with
three orifices (on the 4th, 5th and 6th tergites), the first of which 1s
sometimes paired. [Scutellum nearly always greatly developed. ]. 2.
"a. Antennæ not thus concealed. Scutellum mediocre or small..... + 3.
=- Abdominal segments normal. Tibiæ not spiny........ 1. Cimtade.
on Only five sternites clearly seen (exclusive of genital segments). ‘Tibi
SpinOSe....,................ eee te eee teen eens 2. Cydnide.
3- Tarsi consisting of three segments ............ are 6
+=. Tarsi consisting of two segments............................. 7.
%- Antennæ with five segments :t general habitus Cimicidiform [meta-
morphoses unknown]..........................3. Urostylide.
te *[ am indebted to Dr. Bergroth for calling my attention to certain charac-
CS in this.
tI have now received a Chinese form with only four segments, which I shall
Scribe as Tessaromerus.
- 360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
4a. Antennæ with four segments ; general habitus not Cimicidiform....5.
5. Antenne infraoral. Ova deposited externally..................6.
5a. Antenne almost always preoral. Membrane almost always with more
than eight veins. Ova deposited externally. Nymphs with two
orifices (on sth and 6th tergites).................... 7. Lygaide.
6. Membrane with more than eight veins. Nymphs with three |
orifices ................... Lésssssss . 5. Pyrrhocoride |
6a. Membrane with five veins, or less. Nymphs with two or three
orifices........................ 6. Myodochidæ ( = Geocoride.)
7. Tegmina neither cellulate nor reticulate. Nymphs with three
orifices. Ova external........................... 4. Aradide. |
7a. Tegmina cellulate or reticulate. Ova inserted. Nymphs with two
orifices (on 4th and 5th)..........................8. Tingide.
Superfamily II.—NEPOIDEA.
1. Abdominal spiracles normal...........................,..... 2.
a. Last pair of abdominal spiracles siphunculate..........14. Æépide. :
2. Adults with metasternal odoriferous orifices. . EEE EEE |
2a, Adults lacking the above, but with one median < orifice on the fused
metasternum and first abdominal sternite........... 1. Gerride.
3. No prosternal stridulating apparatus.........................-.4
3a. Well-developed stridulating apparatus on the prosternum........°5
4. Four distinct labial segments. Membrane and coriaceous parts of the
tegmina distinct, the former with numerous veins......9. Nabide:
4a. Three apparent labial segments, the true first annuliform. Tegmin®
entirely membranous, with few veins......... 10. Enicocephalte®
5. Fore femora more or less normal, with the tibiæ, never cancrifot™
Nymphs with three orifices. Ova external.. 12, Reduvé £2%
sa. Fore femora enormously dilated, with the tibiæ, cancriform. Nyns ph
with orifices on 5th and Oth tergites only. Ova
external............ .13. Afacrocephalide (= Phymatic2®
Superfamily JIT. —MiroIDEE.
This table is not satisfactory, owing to the fact that two families
known only in the apterous state.
21
Tegminal veins never areolately Joined Third segment of anteræ D
not thickened towards the base........................s.. 27
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 361
Tegmina with the veins more or less areolately joined. Third segment
of antennæ thickened towards the
base... ..................20. Dipsocoride (= Ceratocombide).
Macropterous forms with incomplete cuneus, but well-developed
ocelli. Head produced horizontally in front. Ova laid externally.
Nymphs with three orifices..............................., 3-
Macropterous forms with complete cuneus, ocelli obscure. Head
rarely produced horizontally. Nymphs with only a single orifice
(on the 4th tergite). Ova inserted in the leaves or stems of
plants .................... ...........,......, 19. Miride.
Rarely brachypterous. Clypeus elongate. Head not channelled .
beneath..............,..................,. 15. Anthocorida.
Always strongly brachypterous. Clypeus short or apparently absent.
Head more or less channelled beneath ..................... 4.
Not furnished with comb-like fringes, only scattered hairs. Eyes well
developed............ esse ones sense seen 5.
Furnished with comb-like fringes. Eyes absent....17. Po/yctenide.
Coxæ short, somewhat remote...................106. C/inocoride.
Coxæ rather elongate, subcontiguous ............. 18. Æpophilide.
Superfamily IV.—NOTONECTOIDEZ.
Antenne free, and more or less conspicuous. Nymphs with odorif-
| erous orifices ..................................... os 2.
Antennæ concealed, usually in fove:e on the under side of the head.
Nymphs lacking odoriferous orifices........................ 3:
First segment of antennæ reaching well beyond the apex of the head ;
membrane-cells lacking cross veins. seen . Acanthiide.
Second segment of antennæ not extending as far à as the apex of the
head ; membrane-cells with cross-veining.......... 22. Ochteride.
Fore legs inserted on the disk of the fore margin of the prosternum. 4.
Fore legs inserted on the hind margin of the prosternum.......... 5.
Antennæ more or less simple. Legs not, or scarcely, simple. Wings
not reticulate. Ova laid on leaves, etc., of
water-plants.... ... ...23. Vaucoride (including Mononyx, etc.).
Antennæ highly modified. Legs strongly flattened. Wings more or
less reticulate. Ova laid on the back of the male..24. Belostomidea.
THE CANADIAN
ENTOMOLOGIST.
in composed of two segments at most. ‘The forms swim on their
jes. Ova laid externally....... «+25. Corixide
In free, composed of three or four segments, Forms swim on
backs. Ova inserted in stems, etc., of water-
tsa dane : cee eeteee ee sessdese...26. Wotonectide
déring, then, the nymphal characters, the number of segments
, the condition of the tegmina, and of the stink-glands, etc, it
e that the only families that have any claims to be considered
e the Cimicidæ, Pyrrhocoride, Myodochidæ, Nabide and
nthocoridæ are undoubtedly the most generalized of the
and are probably very ancient,* but I think that the Pagiopoda
pical, as a whole, than the Trochalopoda. ‘The Nabidæ have
developed sti
nk-glands, and, I think, are a development of
Lomyodochidæ” in the direction of greater rapacity and agility
ted ancestors of the Pyrrhocoridæ might almost as well, how:
idæ,f be the most typical Heteroptera. It is the fact
h Cimicid ny
hs have the first orifice paired, that leads me to
and it will scarcely be questioned that tt is
nd should become coalesced, than thats
D.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 363
Although this note seems to assume a good deal on rather imperfect
grounds, I feel sure that it approximates ‘more closely to the true philogeny
of the insects under discussiof than any of the groupings now current,
and I hope that it will stir up some research and discussion on this
fascinating subject.
REFERENCES.
Schiüdte: “Nogle nye Hovedsætninger af Rhynchoternes Morphologi og
Systematik,” Naturh. Tidsskr. (3) VI, 237-66 (1869) ; translated
into English in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) VI, 225-49 (1870).
Osborn: “The Phylogeny of Hemiptera,” P. E. S., Wash., III, 185-90
(1895).
Sharp: Cambridge Natural History, VI, 543-4 (1901).
Distant; Fauna of India, Rhynchota I, pp. xxxvi-xxxviii (1902).
Kirkaldy: “Biological Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Isles.
No. 1,” P. Hawanan E. S., I, 135-61 (1907) ; classification on
PP. 137-8.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 365
EMPHYTINÆ — NEW GENERA AND SPECIES AND
SYNONYMICAL NOTES.
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.
The subfamily Emphytinee as understood by the writer should be
characterized as follows : the front wings with the first and second anal
cells present and separate ; the second anal cell strongly contracted at
middle of the hind margin ; the radial cross-vein present ; the free part of
R, always present; the radio-medial cross-vein usually present; the
medio-cubital cross-vein and the free part of M,,, parallel ; the hind wings
with the free part of R, and the transverse part of M, present Or wanting ;
the antennz with nine segments.
COCKERELLONIS, n. gen.— Front wings with the second abscissa of Cu
distinctly longer than the free part of M,; the free part of znd A perpen-
dicular ; the radial and the radio-medial cross-veins present ; the hind
wings with the cell R,,, with a long appendage ; the free part of R, and
the transverse paft of M, present ; the posterior metatarsus shorter than
the four following segments : the claws simple, without a tooth. Type,
Cockerellonis occidentalis, MacG.
Cockerellonis occidentalis, n. sp.—Black, with the following parts
reddish-yellow : the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex,
the inner margin of the eyes very narrowly, the tegulz, the collar broadly,
the wings at base and the costa, the apices of the costa, the trochanters in
great part, the femora narrowly at base and apex, more pronounced on
the anterior, the tibiæ except fuscous marks on the outside of the middle
and posterior, the base of the tarsi, and the apex of the ventral abdominal
segments ; the clypeus deeply and broadly emarginate ; the third segment
of the antenne one-third longer than the fourth; the ocellar basin well
marked and deep ; the frontal crest prominent and not interrupted ; the
vertical foveæ deep, diverging behind, puncture-like, and not reaching the
occiput ; the head and thorax smooth; the stigma brownish-black ; the
wings hyaline, slightly clouded, the veins black. Length, 6 mm.
Habitat.— Ruidosa Creek, New Mexico, 6,600 ft. elevation, July rst,
on fronds of Freris aguilina, collected by Prof. E. O. Wooton, No. 8,
received from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell This species was listed as
Taxonus (strongylogaster) occidentalis, MacG., MS. by Prof. Cockerell in
Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. for 1898 (publ. 1899), page 212.
EPITAXONUS, n. gen.—Front wings with the second abscissa of Cu
distinctly longer than the free part of M,; the free part of 2nd A perpen-
dicular ; the hind wings with the cell R,,, with an appendage at apex; the
October, 1908
366 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
posterior metatarsus shorter than the four following segments toge& Mer;
the claws with a minute erect tooth at middle. Type, Zaxonus af &it
pictus, Nort.
Taxonus, Htg.—This genus was described by Hartig in Die Farm alien
der Blattwespen und Holzwespen, Berlin, 1837. The following species
were included: Witida, Kig. (=agrorum, Fall); stricta, Kig.; btcolsr,
Klg., and coxalis, Htg. (=eguisett, Fall), and agilis, Klg. (= glabratus,
Fall). So far as I have been able to determine, no type has been indicated
for this genus, and in order that the same group of species may be retained
in the genus, eguiseti, Fall, should be taken as type.
Taxonus montanus, MacG.—The unique male type of this species On
careful study and comparison proves to be the same as Æpifaxonus
albidopictus, Nort. |
Taxonus floridanus, Prov.—This is a synonym of Pseudostobéa
robusta, Kirby. ‘
Taxonus unicinctus, Nort.—From a careful study of all the material
at hand, I have come to the conclusion that Zaxonus unicinctus, Nort:
Strongylogaster pallicoxus, Prov., and Zaxonus borealis, MacG., are all
one and the same species. Norton’s name is the older and should be
used ; the species belongs in Ashmead’s genus Strongylogastroidea.
Monosrecia, Costa.—This genus, as near as it is possible for me °
determine at this time, was proposed by Costa to include /uteo/a, K lg.
(=abdominalis, Fab.) Fabricius’s species is readily separated from
Poecilostoma by having the claws bifurcate at apex. The name 470747
stegia is used here in its original sense, and abdominalis, Fab., is taken *
its type.
Monostegia Martini, n. sp.— Black, with the following parts rufous:
the labrum, the collar broadly, the tegulæ, the metathorax, the abdom €"
the legs, and the base of the wings; the second segment of the anter? ne
as long as the fourth and fifth together ; the frontal ridge wanting ar
the antennal fovea and the ocellar basin united. Length, 7 mm.
Habitat.— Westfield, Mass., J. O. Martin collector.
PHRONTOSOMA, n. gen.—Front wings with the second abscissa of a
subequal in length to the free part of M, ; the free part of 2nd A obliqu & ’
the hind wings with the cell R,,, always with a distinct appendage
apex; the posterior metatarsus never longer than the four followis?é
segments ; the claws cleft, with the inner lobe not more than one-half tbe
length of the outer lobe. Type, PArontosoma atrum, MacG.
— em
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 367
Phrontosoma atrum, a. sp.—Body black, with the tegulæ, a fine line
on the collar, and all the legs beyond the apical third of the femora, white;
the apex of the posterior tibiæ and the tarsi infuscated ; the antennal
furrow below the lateral ocelli broad and coarsely punctured ; the frontal
ridge wanting and the antennal fovea and ocellar basin continuous ; the
third segment of the antenne as long as the fourth and fifth together.
Length, 6 mm.
Habitat.—Ames, Iowa. E. D. Ball, collector.
Phrontosoma Nortoni, MacG.—This species was described in the
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1894, XXVI, 324, as a new species of Ca/iroa.
Phrontosoma Daeckei, n. sp.—Body black, with a rufous spot covering
the collar and mesonotum ; the tegulz and legs beyond the apical third of
the femora, white; the third segment of the antennæ as long as the fourth
and fifth together ; the frontal ridge distinct and unbroken, the antennal
fovea and the ocellar basin therefore not continuous ; the antennal fovea
as large or larger than the ocellar basin, and extending through the
hypoclypeal area ; the triangular depression behind the anterior ocellus
not extending to the antennal furrow. Length, 7 mm.
Habitat.—Glenside, Mtg. County, Penn. E. Daecke, collector.
Phrontosoma collaris, n. sp.—Body black, witha rufous spot covering
the greater part of the prothorax and the mesonotum ; the third segment
of the antennz hardly as long as the fourth and fifth segments together ; the
frontal ridge distinct and unbroken ; the antennal fovea long and distinct;
the ocellar basin almost wanting ; the triangular depression behind the
anterior ocellus distinct and extending to the antennal furrow. Length,
7 mm.
Habitat.—Ames, Iowa. E. D. Ball, collector.
Emphytus cinctipes, Nort.—Many writers since the time of Norton
have considered this species as the same as the European Lmphytus
cinctus, Linn., while the coloration is practically identical, the form of the
frontal area, the shape of the saw-guides, and the dentation of the saws is
entirely different, and I believe that Norton’s species should be recognized
as distinct.
PARATAXONUS, n. gen.— Front wings with the radio-medial cross-vein
always present ; the second abscissa of Cu always shorter than the free
part of M,; the hind wings with both the free part of R, and the transverse
part of M, wanting ; the posterior metatarsus never longer than the four
following segments together ; the claws with a large erect tooth at middle.
Type, Zaxonus multicolor, Nort.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
conus, n, gen.—Front wings with the radio-medial cross-vein
Ent ; the second abscissa of Cu always shorter than the free
the hind wings with both the free part of R, and the transverse
anting ; the posterior metatarsus never longer than the four
ments together ; the claws appendiculately toothed at base
bus robustus, Prov
mpa, Hartig.—American writers have erroneously referred
of the genus Ca/iroa, Costa, to Hriocampa, and the American
belong to Zriocampa to Stephens's genus Sciapteryx. So far
re tl does not occur in America.
genus Sciaptery
punctum, Prov.—This is the female of Dimorphoplerjx
pa rotunda, Nort.—This is the female of Eriocampa obesa,
4/lantus, and his name should have
escribed his species as an «
Ma, n. gen.—Front wings with the radio-medial cross-vein
nt ; the second abscissa of Cu always shorter than the free
the hind wings with the free part of R, wanting and the trans
M4 pres
segments together; the head and the thorax smooth,
atarsus never lon
the posterior me
ger than the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
MEIGEN’S FIRST PAPER ON DIPTERA,
BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO.
in Wilhelm Meigen (1763-1845), was, says Schiner, “Incon-
first and greatest dipterologist of his time and all times.” He
perception of generic characters, and had perhaps the fit
prehensive collection of European Diptera ever made upon
ercise his talents. Added to these favouring conditions, be
have had immense patience and tenacity to carry out through
rs of almost continuous publication his monumental work,
sche Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweifliigligen
eing the prominence and reputation of Meigen, it is not sur
t considerable attention should be given to anything written by
paper from which many of his principal genera have been
which most entomologists have supposed to be his earliest one,
“Versuch einer neuen Gattungs Eintheilung der europäischen
en Inse
inde, Vol.
ntroduction
and was published in Illiger’s Magazin fir
PP.
y the editor, Illiger, calling attention to the fact
9-281, in the year 1803. The article has
n had already prepared a large ainount of material for a com
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 371
nomenclature. Not having seen the original, I am obliged to follow
Hendel’s data in the discussion which follows.
The title of the paper is “Nouvelle classification des Mouches a deux
Ailes (Diptera L.) d’après un plan tout nouveau,” and the date is “Paris
an VIII,” that is, the eighth year of the French Revolution, or 1800.
The work contains no mention of specific names at all in connection
with the generic descriptions. ‘The latter are brief, and in most cases in
rather general terms, such as the number of joints in the antenne,
Presence or absence of ocelli and tibial spurs, whether the wings are
folded or divaricate in repose, etc. It is not to be denied, however, that
Occasional decisive characters are found, but not in many genera,
Hendel had great difficulty, as he admits, in determining the meaning
Or application of these generic names, until he received from Bezzi the
happy suggestion that the 1803 paper contains most of the same matter
translated into German, hence a comparison of the two would reveal the
identity of the earlier ones. Following this out Hendel was enabled to
trace the connection, and thus he learned that Meigen had changed nearly
al of his generic names in 1803 from those he proposed in 1800. For
instance, Flabellifera became Ctenophora ; Petaurista became Trichocera;
Zelmira, Platyura; Fungivora, Mycetophila ; Lycoria, Sciara; Helea,
Ceratopogon ; Tendipes, Chironomus; Eulalia, Odontomyia; Noeza,
Hybos ; Clythia, Platypeza, and many others.
A glance at the names mentioned will indicate that Meigen had in
the interim adopted a new principle in the formation of generic names,
Changing from Latin or Latin-sounding words to those derived somewhat
rigorously from Greek roots. It is possible that he was troubled with
doubts as to whether any generic term would “stand” if not derived from
Greek ; at any rate, the nature of the changes indicates what was his
Purpose.
Now, a few words as to the effect upon nomenclature of this newly-
OPened chapter of entomological history. Mr. Hendel asserts that the
Older names, as ascertained by the method of comparing the German
translation of the 1800 paper with the 1803 paper, must replace the latter
in toto, taking as types those assigned in 1803. He says, ‘As the reader
Of the following pages will observe, the acceptance of the old names of
Meigen will create a complete revolution in dipterological nomenclature ;
this is, indeed, to be regretted, but is unfortunately unavoidable. Fia/
Justitia, pereat mundus I”
372 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
a
I am so far from coinciding in my views with Mr. Hendel that I mut
confess that the simplicity of his position is absolutely laughable.
I do not approach the question with the idea that two sets of names
stand before the bar of justice with exactly equal claims upon our decisio=™ ™
The case is more nearly analogous to one that has several times arises. =!
within a generation in the United States, when some persons hay —#t
endeavoured to claim valuable tracts of real estate on the basis of transfers Ti
from Indian tribes a century or so ago. Even if the original transaction <<
had occurred as claimed, the contestants will find that every possible = ale
presumption will be used against them, and justly so, to avoid the grea == *!
practical wrong and hardship of upsetting titles to real estate. So in thi: = iS
case we ought to have no hesitancy in admitting that our attitude is tha.s== 4a
no old names like these can create a “revolution” unless they exhaus == ast
every legal technicality that we can throw in their way. This is not aur asa
unfair position. It does not involve an ultra-conservatism, nor doesi mx tt
involve a disregard of proper or generally-accepted rules of nomenclature=#"t.
It does involve some comprehension of the value of stability in nomenscam =?
clature, a subject on which many entomologists might cogitate long wit # 1th
profit.
Mr. Hendel does not cite any rules of nomenclature to justify hme is
acceptance of the 1800 names. I will cite one to show why they shoule & Id
not be accepted ; namely, article 25 of the International Code of 1902 #4,
which says, “The valid name of a genus or species can be only that namar—me
under which it was first designated on the condition (a) that this name wae===2s
published and accompanied by an indication, or a definition, or a de» —ie-
scription ; and (b) that the author has applied the principles of binar-==)
nomenclature.”
Following this rule, I note as applying to (a) above, that the namemuumes
in 1800 were not accompanied by an indication, and the definition er
description (these two are practically synonymous terms) were as admitte==d
by Hendel unrecognizable (with possibly a few exceptions) until studias==d
in the light of the 1803 paper; they were therefore nomina nue” 2.
Condition (a) was therefore not fulfilled in 1800. As to condition (b)» if
the author of a paper mentions only genera and no species, he does m™@!
apply a binary nomenclature.
Furthermore, Dr. Stiles gives as his individual rule (in his commer2 *
on the International Code, Hygienic Laboratory, Bull. 24, p. 27): ‘1 Æ*
Rule.—The following species are excluded from consideration in selecti 78
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 373
the types of genera: (a) Species which were not included under the
generic name at the time of its original publication.” These names, there-
fore, have no types.
1 should not deem the occasion to justify so lengthy a discussion on
my part, but for the fact that Dr. Bezzi writes me that he is engaged on a
research into the names proposed in Diptera prior to 1800, and that he
has already found data sufficient to require the change of the great
majority of names of the older genera now in use in the Diptera. A
number of his conclusions have already been published. We seem to be
entering upon a period of nomenclatural unrest, which may leave us as
badly off in Diptera as we now are in Lepidoptera or Hemiptera, to say
hothing of Orthoptera and a few others.
“Let justice be done, though the earth perish,” says Mr. Hendel.
But justice means nothing, except with reference to some person or thing.
Justice to whom, or to what? Is it justice to Meigen to insist on the use
Of names that he himself discarded for better ones? Or is it justice to
_ dipterology to overturn nomenclature to no purpose? The case before
| us js not Meigen versus some other ancient worthy, but Meigen versus
Meigen. Justice to him has already been done, and it would be flagrant
injustice to reopen the case.
PLATYSAMIA COLUMBIA NOKOMIS.
The handsome moth which occurs throughout Manitoba and the
Northwest Provinces, and which has always been named in collections,
Samia columbia, Smith, has such a different appearance from the Ontario
form which seems to be the type, that I am of the opinion the name given
by Dr. W. Brodie some years ago ought to be recogffized. Dr. Henry:
Skinner has also examined this insect critically during the past summer,
And agrees with me that Dr. Brodie’s description which appeared in the
lological Review of Ontario, for October, 1894, pp. 103-107, should be
Tepublished. This publication is not now available, and with Dr. Brodie’s
Consent I send herewith an extract from his article on Platysamia
Columbia nokomis.—JAMES FLETCHER, Ottawa.
“PLATYSAMIA COLUMBIA NOKoMIS.
“BY WM. BRODIE.
“In the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIsT, Vol. X, March, 1878, there is a
Wty good coloured lithograph of the larva of P. columbia, by the late G.
J. Bowles, and a short paper by the late F. B. Caulfield, giving a descrip-
ofthe larve. There is also on page 43 an article by C. H. Fernald,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
t gives several food-plants, a description of the egg, of the larve
ral stages of development, and some valuable general informa-
o this time very little had been published as to the geograph-
f the species,
e spring of 1882 I received a parcel of columbia cocoons,
by W. G. A. Brodie near Carberry, Manitoba. They were
> twigs of the Eleagnus argentea, and I was informed the
have fed on the leaves of this shrub. When the imagoes
hey differed so much from Muskoka specimens that I fancied
be a specific difference, and so I sent specimens of the moth
cocoons to the late Hy. Edwards. He did not know £.
a food-plant of P. codumbia. He remarked the difference
northern form sent by me and the usual form, and thought,
at least sub-specific ; and he suggested that it should
id and named
nt, it
in 1883 I received a package of cocoons of P. co/umbia and
emus, collected by W. G. A. Brodie near Pelly, N.-W.T.
hago emerged from this lot, from a P. columbia cocoon, and it
from the Man
ery muc aba form that I considered it a well
Éety, being much les > and of much brighter colours, and
THE CANADIAN ENrOMOLOGIST. 375
None of these are allied botanically to Æ. argentea, but I think it most
likely that the larvæ would take very kindly to the leaves of our common
Shepherdia canadensis.
“On comparing a series of specimens of columbia with columbia
nokomis—the Manitoba form—the difference is very obvious in the
brighter colours and more sharply-defined colour areas. This difference
May be in some measure froma difference of food, or from the much
longer duration of daylight while the larvæ are feeding, or perhaps in part
from the lower temperature in winter. And perhaps it may yet be
Shown that the North and Northwest Territorities are the normal habitat
and nokomis the normal form of the species, differentiated ages ago from
cecropia by climatical and other conditions, and that the now southern
form is from degenerate stragglers from the north.
“The following points cf difference may be noted between the
columbia nokomis form and the columbia form, as represented by Ontario
Specimens, and as compared with Smith’s description of co/umbia, parts of
Which are given in brackets. The standard of colour is Ridgeway’s
Nomenclature of Colours.
“Antenne, central shaft, bright reddish-brown ; pectinations, darker
(black) ; palpi, light liver-brown (dark maroon brown) ; ; dorsum of thorax,
bright reddish liver-brown, with a posterior pure white and (dark maroon,
With a short, gray band) ; under side of thorax, reddish liver-brown (black) ;
legs, reddish brown, pile darker (black, slightly tinged with brownish) ;
abdomen with alternate annulations, bright liver-brown and pure white
(black and dirty white).
“Primaries above with a rather sharply-elbowed pure white line
(&rayish-white) ; the middle area of the wing is bright reddish liver-brown
(dark brown), and contains a central ovate white spot (triangular) ; this
Tight coloured area is separated from the costa by a moderately wide
longitudinal grayish stripe.
‘Secondaries with a large white spot at the shoulder (small, dirty
White) ; the central area bright reddish liver-brown (dark brown), having a
Central white spot, which varies from kidney form to curved pear form,
4Nq varying much in size, but always larger than the corresponding spot
Sa the primaries ; but no sexual difference could be observed, either in
the size or in the form, of these central white spots.
“The primaries beneath have the space from the shoulder to the median
White cross band of a maroon-brown (black), and generally the under side
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
of columbia nokomis is brighter coloured than that of columbia.
lave seen but one specimen of the columbia qwinenah type,
E said about it. My specimen may have been representative
le northern group, or it may have been only a strongly-marked
columbia nokomis.”
BOOK NOTICE.
Caratc
© or ORIENTAL Cunicto®. By E. Brunetti,
of the Indian Museum, Vol. I, part 4, No. 25, pages 297 to
ember, 1907, Calcutta,
hor begins by stating that his work is a compilation only, and
hot especially studied mosquitoes, Nevertheless, he presents
lassification of Culicide, dividing them into four subfamilies,
three, omitting the Corethrinæ, to conform to our conception
The subfam not defined, but an inspection of their
ates that the separation has been made on the basis of the
hs of the palpi in the two sexes, thus: palpi long in both
phelinw ; long in the ¢, short in the 9 =Culicinz; short in
Edeomyi the mosquitoes are an unfortunate
ANNUAL MEETING AT GUELPH,
eee De me ee =
; Gre (nd
VOLUME XL.
No. 11.
CONTENTS
Walker—A Key to the N. American species of Aeshna. (Plate)....... ...
Doane—Notes on some Socicty Island Mosquitoes... .....
Casey—Notes on the Coccinellidzw.......0..... eee Lo kee aeeeeee
Cockerell—A remarkable Cecidomyiid Fly ... 00. ..... Joue + messes
Wellman--Notes on the genus Sitarida, White (Coleoptera)
Coolidge—The Rhopalocera of Santa Clara County, California
Aldrich — Meizen’s first paper on Diptera ..... . De eee
EDITED BY
REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE,
PROFESSOR OF ENTOMOLOGY,
ONTAR:O AGRICULTURAL COLLFGE, GUELPH,
NOVEMBER, 1908.
LONDON :
LONDON PRINTING AND 15, HUGRAPHING COMPANY,
IMIS,
Canadian Entomologist
457
he GA T RAT Vntomologist,
mm
= een
Vou. XL. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1908. No. rr.
A KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF AESHNA
FOUND NORTH OF MEXICO.
BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO.
Although nearly two years have elapsed since the writer commenced
a critical study of the North American species of the Odonate genus
Aeshna, Fabr., it will be some time yet before the work is completed.
This delay has been chiefly due to the length of time required for the
execution of the numerous illustrations and for obtaining a proper field
knowledge of the various species, and also to difficulties experienced in
collecting and rearing the nymphs. |
This being the case, it was decided to issue in advance an analytical
key to the species treated in the revision in order that, in the interval,
species may be listed or otherwise referred to under the names employed
therein. |
It has been necessary to draw up a separate key for the determination
of the females, as the chief diagnostic characters of the males are found
in the superior appendages and accessory genitalia. This key to the
females is largely artificial, and it has been very difficult to find reliable
characters for the separation of some of the species, although with experi-
ence they can almost always be recognized at a giance. Of somne of the
species I have seen very few females, and it is very probable that with
sufficient material some of the characters used will prove invalid.
A few of the terms employed in the key require special notice. The
terms hamular process and hamular fold designate respectively the more
superficial and deeper parts of the anterior hamules, and are sufficiently
well indicated in figs. 2 and 3 on the plate.
As the colour pattern is of the same type throughout the genus as
represented in North America, it has been found convenient to apply
special names to the different bands and spots which characterize this
pattern.
The name dorsal thoracic band requires no explanation. The first
and second lateral thoracic bands are two oblique pale bands on the sides
of the mesepimeron and metepimeron respectively. The names used to
378 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
designate the abdominal spots are given in the explanation of the plat =
and in the key these are referred to under the same abbreviations as a “mre
used to indicate them on the plate. |
KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF AESHNA.
1. Males.
A. Anal triangle 3-celled ; spine of the anterior lamina well develope <i,
directed caudad and curved more or less cephalad.
B. A distinct spinulose ventral tubercie on abd. seg. 1; dorsux m
of seg. 10 with a median basal tooth-like elevatiæ mn ;
superior appendages with a well-developed super aor
carina.
C. A black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; supem 20!
appendages not apically forked, -the apa«¢s
obtusangulate or rounded ; superior carina æwt
angulate nor denticulate: inferior append =age
somewhat less than half as long as ‘the
SUPETIOFS ............ 1. californica Calw ert
CC. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; supe 10
Appendages in profile apically’ forked, the
apices acute and decurved, superior . ca x ina
angulate ; inferior appendage distinctly nex ore
than half as long as the
superiors............... (multicolor group).
D. Abdomen (excl. appendages) nearl y 0
quite four times as long as_ the
thorax (excl. prothorax); ventral
tubercle on seg. 1 but little elevated;
superior appendages about five times
as long as their greatest width, 10-
ferior subbasal tubercle at one-sixth
to one-seventh the length of the
appendage ; height of superior carina
above outer margin, in profile, much
less than depth of appendage directly
below it, its length rather less than
one-third that of the appendage»
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 379
outer side of anal loop in hind wings
about as long as inner side of tri-
angle .......... 2. mutata Hagen.
DD. Abdomen (excl. appendages) less than
three and one-half times as long as
thorax ; a prominent ventral tubercle
on seg. 1; superior appendages about
seven times as long as their greatest
width, inferior subbasal tubercle at
one-fourth to one-fifth the length of
the appendage ; height of superior
carina above outer margin, in profile,
not less than depth of appendage
directly below it, its length distinctly
more than one-third that of the ap-
pendage ; outer side of anal loop in
hind wings longer than inner side of
triangle ...... 3. multicolor Hagen.
BB. Abdominal seg. 1 without a ventral tubercle ; segment 10
without a median dorsal tooth; superior appendages
without a superior carina, not apically forked, but with
an anteapical inferior spine, the apices broad and
rounded...............,....,..,... (cyanea group).
E. A black line (rarely absent) on the fronto-nasal
suture ; face pale yellowish; dorsal thoracic
bands r mm. or less broad, tapering somewhat
towards each end, or sometimes suddenly ex-
panded at the extreme posterior end; lateral
thoracic bands nearly straight and equal ; spots
on abdomen blue, of moderate or large size,
PD on seg. 9 distinctly more than one-half as
long as the dorsum of the segment ; lateral
carina of seg. 7 in ventral view slightly or not
at all sinuate ; generally one cell between A,,
at its origin and the anal
triangle. ............... 4. palmata Hagen:
380 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
EE. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; dors» =ml
thoracic bands rapidly widening caudad so =—=_s
to be triangular in form with the base just 2%™
front of the antealar sinus ; generally twoce “Mi Hs
between A,, at its origin, and the anal triang Be.
F. Face rather dark olivaceous ; late zal
thoracic bands rather narrow (abc wat
1 mm.), straight, not widening abo=—_”" æÆ,
nearly surrounded by a margin dar €"
than the ground colour of the thor == =;
abdominal spots mostly smaller thm <0
usual, more or less greenish, PD Æ<»1
seg. 9 less than one-third as long za
the dorsum of the segment ; a mm =
of large pale bluish basal spots on æ= Et
ventral surface of segs. 4,5 and 4%:
lateral carina of segs. 7 and 8 10
mis
ventral view strongly sinuate in
anterior two-fifths..5. zmbrosa,n. ==?
FF. Face pale greenish-yellow; late= sil
thoracic bands broader, not = %"
rounded by a dark margin, widen @ 6
above the middle margins of the = ™*
band, especially the anterior, 5
tinctly sinuate ; spots oftheabdonæ “*"
well developed, mostly blue, D
on seg. 9 more than one-half as I mf
as the. dorsum of the segme x2 !;
ventral surface of abdomen with %
pale spots ; lateral carina of seg- ]
at most very feebly sinuate in ven eral
view............6. constricta SA Ÿ”
AA. Anal triangle 2-celled ; spine of the anterior lamina directed ventrad-
G. Hamular process continuous with hamular fold (PI. X, fig. 3/
spine of the anterior lamina short and blunt, projecting very
little, if at all, below the general level of the ventral
surface... ee...
........(cepsydra group).
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 381
H. A black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; hamular proc-
esses short and broad, directed mediad and ventrad.
I. Lateral thoracic bands each divided into a superior
and inferior spot ; dorsal thoracic bands reduced
to a pair of small elongate spots narrowed at both
ends and not reaching the antealar sinus ; superior
appendages with the inner margin distinctly sinu-
ate in dorsal view, the apices rounded or bluntly
angulate, seldom with a terminal tooth, superior
carina minutely denticulated or
smooth................. .7. tnterrupta, n. sp.
II. Lateral thoracic bands not divided.
J. Dorsal thoracic bands reduced to a pair of small
pale, often almost obsolete, streaks, which do
not nearly reach the antealar sinus ; lateral
thoracic bands not more than 1: mm. broad,
nearly or quite straight.
K. Superior appendages with a low basal
tubercle on the ventro-internal surface
(best seen in an oblique view from
above) ; inner margin in dorsal view
gently sinuate, in profile slightly con-
cave before the middle, beyond which
it forms a prominent more or less
obtusangulate inferior carina ; breadth
at middle about twice that of the ex-
treme base, thence narrowing gradually
to the more or less acute apices, which
terminate in a small spine; superior
carina moderately elevated before the
apex, with a few minute denticles ; in-
ferior appendage about three-fifths as
long as the superiors ; lateral thoracic
bands about 1 mm. broad below, nar-
rower above......... 8. interna, n. Sp.
KK. Superior appendages without any indica-
tion of a ventro-internal basal tubercle.
382
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
mm
L. Lateral thoracic bands linear, th ei
breadth less than .75 mm.; in €Y
margin of superior appendages 2
dorsal view very gently sinuate, 20
profile straight or slightly conv «=*
before the middle, the infers «>¥®
carina rather low, its ang le
rounded or obsolete ; breadth «of
appendage at middle scarce=> 1%
twice that at the extreme bhsee,
thence narrowing gradually tot Mine
rounded or bluntly angulamte¢
apices, which do not norma aly
bear a terminal tooth; supermm= ©2'
carina but little elevated, fine=== 2}
denticulated or smooth ; infer ==
appendage three-fifths to tu ©
thirds as long as the
superiors....... 9. dineata, n. ===> F-
LL. Lateral thoracic bands about i
mm. broad near the lowe €!
end, somewhat narrowed at © me
middle ; inner margin of super == %
appendages in profile slightly ec"
cave before the middle, in dor ==="!
view strongly sinuate, the breac amet
of the appendage increassms 78
rapidly from the basal fourth, _ 0
that at the middle it is fully tw = %
as broad as at base, thence scarce)
Narrowing to the well-roun dll <d
apices, which bear near the où “© “!
margin a prominent tooth ; infer so
appendage slightly more thank — f
as long as the
superiors...10. nevadensis, n. =F"
JJ. Dorsal thoracic bands well developed, expand ed
and truncate at the upper end, which is just 7/2
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 383
front of the antealar sinus; lateral thoracic
bands more than 1.5 mm. broad, the first band
deeply sinuate in front, the second more or less
triangular.
M. Hind wing 43-48 mm.; no antehumeral
spot ; upper end of first lateral thoracic
band not bent forwards ; spots between
first and second bands small and incon-
spicuous ; superior appendages expand-
ing almost symmetrically from the base ;
the inner margin in dorsal view not
sinuate, apices rounded, normally with-
out a terminal spine ; outer margin in
profile curved or bent upwards, both
cephalad and caudad ; superior carina
rather strongly elevated in the apical
fourth, bearing 6 or 8 well-marked
denticles........ . 11, eremila Scudd.
MM. Hind wing 39-42 mm.; a large triangular
antehumeral spot immediately in front
of the inferior part of the first lateral
thoracic band, the upper and narrower
end of which is bent sharply forward ;
spots between first and second lateral
bands unusually large ; superior ap-
pendages expanding unsymmetrically,
the inner margin being distinctly
sinuate, the distal three-fifths equal,
apices tapering rather abruptly and
terminating in a well-marked slightly
decurved spine ; outer margin in profile
nearly straight throughout ; superior
carina slightly elevated apically, bearing
3to 5 small denticles.12. clepsydra Say.
HH. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture.
N. First lateral thoracic band not tapering regularly
dorsad, its anterior margin distinctly, usually strongly,
sinuate; PD always present on abdominal seg.
10; superior appendages without a prominent
inferior basal tubercle.
384 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
et
O. Larger and relatively stouter species (abdonx €"
49-55 mm., hind wing 43-48 mm.) ; late =a!
thoracic bands blue, sometimes partly greæ=":
the anterior margin of the first band vwe=ry
deeply sinuate or angularly excavate «ci ;
superior appendages expanding almost sy~ =
metrically from the base, the inner margin än
dorsal view not sinuate, apices normam— 1)
_ rounded, not at all decurved, and withouæ= 4
terminal spine; superior carina ratikh2€r
strongly elevated in the apical fourth, bear == 228
6 or 8 well-marked denticles ; a low rouncam <4
subbasal inferior eminence present ; hamum 1z'
processes directed mediad, short and bro =a,
with a slender apical
tubercle .............. 11..eremita Scum 4.
OO. Smaller and slenderer species (abdomen 42—— <45
mm., hind wing 39-42.5 mm.); supe #0!
appendages expanding unsymmetrically fr =?"
the base, the inner margin in dorsal yam “"
distinctly sinuate ; superior carina moderat— el)
elevated, apices acute, somewhat decurv— ==,
with a distinct terminal spine.
P. Lateral thoracic bands blue or green, ="
first generally green below, blue abaæ ~~"
its anterior margin almost rectangulææs— ay
sinuate ; superior carina of the supex 20!
appendages with a few denticles, api ="
rather abruptly decurved; hamtæ Bau
processes rather long, directed cephal am 4,
subparallel, with the tips somew 2!
convergent; PL typically represen <4
on abdominal segments
2-6........... 13. canadensis, n SP:
PP. Lateral thoracic bands yellowish-grræ
the anterior margin of the first obt#5-
angularly sinuate ; superior carina
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 385
on
the superior appendages not dentic-
ulated, apices gently decurved ;
hamular processes directed mediad
and ventrad, each consisting of a stout
proximal and a slender distal part ; PL
typically represented on abdominal
segs. 2-4 ......14. verticals Hagen,
NN. First lateral thoracic band tapering regularly dorsad,
its margins nearly straight; abdominal seg. 10
without pale spots ; superior appendages with a
prominent inferior basal tubercle, expanding
unsymmetrically from the base, the inner margin in
dorsal vein distinctly sinuate; superior carina
_ moderately elevated, not denticulated, the apices
rounded, with a small terminal
SPINE. ee cee cere eee 15. tuberculifera, n. Sp.
. Hamular process separate from the hamular fold (pl. X, fig. 4) ;
spine of the anterior lamina long, generally sharp-pointed,
projecting well below the general level of the ventral surface ;
a black line always present on the fronto-nasal suture.
Q. Lateral thoracic bands more than 1 mm. broad, not
sigmoid ; hamular processes long, slender and spine-
like, directed ventrad and mediad ; superior carina of
the superior appendages not denticulated, apices
acute... ...... osseuses (juncea group).
R. Lateral thoracic bands straight and subequal;
_hamular folds fairly well developed, widely
separated, plainly visible in a vertical view from
beneath ................ fous. 16. juncea L.
RR. Lateral thoracic bands with the anterior margins
obtusangularly excavated, the first band slightly
bent a little above the middle ; hamular folds very
small, less widely separated, and almost concealed
in a vertical view from beneath by the overlapping
hamular processes ...... ...17. subarctica, n. Sp.
QQ. Lateral thoracic bands less than r mm. broad, the first
one sigmoid or bent by alternate angles; hamular
processes broad, flat, triangular, with the inner margins
386 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ne
closely approximate, the apices directed cephala@ ;
superior carina of the superior appendages more or 1e=5®
, denticulated ............. wees ee. (caerulea grou Æ)-
S. Spine of the anterior lamina distinctly longer th a™
the hamular processes, slender, curved ventram,
sharp pointed ; distance from hind margin ol
occiput to frontal vesicle 2.5 mm.; MD sma 2B},
triangular, yellowish ........ 18. sifchensis Hagæ= ©.
SS. Spine of the anterior lamina not longer than & Fae
hamular processes, rather stout, straight, bluum 1 3-
pointed ; distance from hind margin of occiput 0
frontal vesicle less than 2 mm.; MD large, sm a b-
quadrate, more or less .
bluish .......... eee 19. septentrionalis Hag = 2.
2. Females.
A. Abdominal segment 1 with a distinct ventral spinulose tubercle.
B. A black line on the fronto-nasal suture; length of abdonm 5€"
(excl. appendages) 36-38 mm. ......1. californica Calv it
BB. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; length of abdom 21
more than 40 mm.
C. Abdomen about four times as long as the thorax (e ae al.
prothorax) ; ventral tubercle on seg. r but little elevat «= d;
appendages 7 mm. long, lateral thoracic bands widerm 2 28
above ; A, arising opposite or distal to the last cub» 2 €°
anal cross-vein before the subtriangle ; outer side of æ #24
loop of hind wing about as "oP as inner side
triangle.......... . .2. mutata Hg €
CC. Abdomen less than four times as ‘long asthe thorax > ?
prominent ventral tubercle on seg. 1 ; appendages 5!
mm. long, lateral thoracic bands subequal; A, aris 118
proximal to the last cubito-anal cross-vein before the sb
triangle ; outer side of anal loop of hind wing longer 142
inner side of triangle............ 3. multicolor Hage®:
AA. Abdominal segment 1 without a ventral spinulose tubercle.
D. Basal plate of ovipositor not bilobed, posterior margin straight
or slightly convex; PL generally connected with PD on
abdominal segs. 2-4 (often separate in 4e. umbrosa), usually
smaller than the latter.
THE CANADIAN RBNTOMOLOGIST. 387
Ed
E. Genital valves 4 mm. or more in length; valvular proc-
esses as long as dorsum of seg. 10 (2 mm.) ; appendages
rarely less than 2 mm. broad ; proximal third broad with
convex margins, expanding rapidly, so that the greatest
breadth is reached before the middle, distal half gradu-
ally tapering to a more or less acute apex; no black
line on the fronto-nasal suture.
F. First lateral thoracic band with the front margin
distinctly sinuate, the upper end giving off caudad
a small spur ; second band suddenly expanding at
upper end ; length of abdomen without appendages
less than 45 mm, of ovipositor 6 mm., of
appendages 6-7.5 mm.; apices
acute ......................6. constricta Say.
FF. First lateral thoracic band with the front margin
straight, or nearly so, gradually tapering dorsad,
not giving off a distinct posterior spur; second
band not suddenly widened above; length of
abdomen 45 mm. or more, cf ovipositor rather
less than 5 mm., of appendages 7.5-9.5 mm.; apices
acute or somewhat rounded.15. tudbercultfera, n.sp.
EE. Genital valves less than 4 mm. long; valvular processes
much shorter than dorsum of 10 ; appendages less than
2 mm. broad and, except in Ae. sitchensis, slender, the
margins nearly straight in the proximal third, broadest
beyond the middle, the apices rounded.
G. Abdomen at least 40 mm. long; first lateral
thoracic band never sigmoid nor bent by alternate
angles.
H. A black line on the fronto-nasal suture.
I, Lateral thoracic bands each divided or
very nearly divided into a superior and
an inferior spot....7. énterrupta, Nn. sp.
II. Lateral thoracic bands entire.
J. Lateral thoracic bands nearly straight,
the anterior margin of the first band
not distinctly sinuate.
388 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
K. Lateral thoracic bands some
what more than 1 mm. broad,
yellow; ovipositor 4 mm.long:
genital valves with tips ele-
vated ...4 palmata Hagen:
KK. Lateral thoracic bands mot
more than 1 mm. broad, gen
erally pale bluish, rarely yel
low ; ovipositor 3.3 mm. long ;
tips of genital valves not
elevated.
L. Lateral thoracic bands
about 1 mm. broad. -
8. interna, n. SP:
LL. Lateral thoracic bands
linear, generally le SS$
than .75 mm. broad. -
9. lineata,n. SP.
JJ. Lateral thoracic bands broad, th
first with the anterior marg¢™
strongly sinuate, narrowed abou
the middle, the second expandi T8
dorsad, more or less triangular.
M. Larger, stouter species ; hid
wing 45-46.5 mm. long; #20
antehumeral spot ; first late = al
thoracic band greatly co
stricted near the middle by #
deep excavation of the 2”
terior margin, upper end 20!
bent forwards ; spots betwee"
first and second bands smal
and inconspicu-
ous .....11. eremita Scudd.
MM. Smaller, slenderer species »
hind wing 40-42 mm. long ;
a conspicuous triangular pale
antehumeral spot just in front
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 389
of the lower and broader
part of the first’lateral band,
the upper end of the latter
narrow and sharply bent
forward ; a large pale spot,
including the spiracle, and
another above
it....... 12. clepsydra Say.
HH. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture.
N. Lateral thoracic green or yellowish-green
(rarely blue) not margined with black,
the anterior margin of the first band
distinctly sinuate, the second band
elongate triangular; PD on 2—5 at
least 1 mm. long; ovipositor 3 mm.
long ; tips of genital valves not elevated.
O. First lateral thoracic band with the
anterior margin almost rectan-
gularly sinuate, its upper end
giving off caudad a very narrow
spur ; posterior (postero-inferior)
margin of second band generally
curved ventrad at the upper end ;
appendages usually 5-6 mm. long
(rarely 6.7
mm)......13. canadensis, n. SP.
OO. First lateral thoracic band with
the anterior margin obtusangu-
larly sinuate, its upper end giving
off caudad a rather broad spur ;
posterior margin of second lateral
band straight ; appendages 7 mm.
long......14. verticals Hagen.
NN. Lateral thoracic bands bright yellow,
margined with black or dark brown,
about 1 mm broad, straight, the first
band expanded a little below, but not
at all sinuate, the second band with the
margins subparallel ; abdominal spots
390
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
small, PID being on all the segments
. | less than .5 mm. long; ovipositor 35
mm.; tips of genital valves
elevated..........5. #mbrosa, n. SP
GG. Abdomen. not more than 38 mm. long ; first lateral
thoracic band narrow, sigmoid, or bent by alternate
angles ; a heavy black line on the fronto.nasal
suture.
P. Distance from posterior margin of occiput t°
frontal vesicle at least 2.5 mm.; appendag€*
slightly longer than the dorsa of segs. 9+ EO
a little more than 1 mm. broad, taperiMg
equally at base and apex, the latter distinct} ¥
though bluntly pointed.18. sitchensis Hagen:
PP. Distance from posterior margin of occiput t©
frontal vesicle about 1.5 mm.; appendage‘
about as long as segs. 9+ 10; more slende!
proximally than distally, the apices round
or broadly and obscurely
pointed ........ 19. septentrionalis Hage ©).
DD. Basal plate of ovipositor distinctly bilobed (pl. X, fig. 5); PL
separate from PD (sometimes narrowly connected on seg. 2 À
as large as the latter on segs. 2-5 ; a black line always prese ©?!
on the fronto-nasal suture ; lateral thoracic bands yellow ©!
greenish-yellow.
Unknown
Q. Appendages distinctly shorter than segs. 8+9 (5 mm. OF
less) ; margins of lateral thoracic bands nearly straight
first band gradually tapering to the upper end, withou®
a distinct posterior spur .............. 16. juncea L-
QQ. Appendages about as long as segs. 8+9 (6-6.5 mm.) >;
lateral thoracic bands with their anterior margins obtus
angularly excavated, but not sinuate, posterior margins
nearly straight; first band gently widening above thé
middle to the upper end, from which a narrow posteriof
spur is given of....,........... 17. subarctica, n. SP:
10. nevadensis, Nn. SP:
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 391
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Fig. 1, 2. Aeshna juncea LL, &, abdominal segments 1-4. 1, lateral ;
2, dorsal view.
D, dorsal spot of segment 1.
L, lateral ‘ ss
AL, anterior lateral spot.
ML, middle “ “
PL, posterior “ ‘
AML, the homologue of AL+ ML on seg. 2.
AD, anterior dorsal spot.
MD, middle ‘: ‘6
PD, posterior ‘ 6
‘3. Aeshna interrupta Walk. dd, anterior hamules.
HF, hamular fold; HP, hamular process; Sp., spine of the anterior
lamina.
‘© 4. Aeshna juncea L, Î. Letters as in Fig. 3.
“© 5. Aeshna juncea L. 9, ventral aspect of abdominal segments 9 and
10; Ov, ovipositor; BO, basal plate of ovipositor; GV,
genital valve; VP, valvular process ; Ap., appendage.
(To be continued.)
NOTES ON SOME SOCIETY ISLAND MOSQUITOES.
BY R. W. DOANE, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIF.
During a short stay in July and August on Tahiti, Morea and
Tetioroa I found the mosquitoes very troublesome, particularly so in the
dense growth where one could not get the sea breeze. I had not time to
make any particular study of the species occurring there, but the following
notes on the three species that I met with may be acceptable to those
interested in the group.
Stegomyia calopus, Meig., and S. scufellaris, Walk, are the two
common day mosquitoes, occuring in the houses and out of doors every-
where. They breed together in standing, sometimes rather foul, water. I
have seen the larvæ by the millions in the small drainage yutters along
the streets of Papetee. No effort is made to control them, although one
man told me that at some seasons the mosquitoes were so bad in places
that people took refuge in their beds to escape the pests. All the beds
are provided with a canopy of mosquito netting, but there are no screens
on the doors or windows.
With the opening of the Panama Canal and the consequent short and
frequent passage of ships from that region to all of these Pacific islands,
November, 1908
392 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the yellow fever is almost sure to be introduced there unless extraordinary
precautions are taken to prevent it. Under the present sanitary conditions
it would be impossible to control the disease once it gained a foothold.
However, after the French officials learned that S. ca/opus was one of theïr
most common mosquitoes, they said that steps would probably be taken
to control them, at least in Papetee. As an example of how easily relief
may be had in some instances I may give my experience on Tetioroa
The first day there I was badly pestered by the great number of these
mosquitoes in the little native hut that had been assigned to me as my
laboratory. A brief search around the premises showed that the water in
the tanks that were used for storing rain-water was swarming with mos-
quito larvae. Less than half a pint of kerosene served to treat this source of
supply, and I experienced but little trouble after that about the laboratory.
While these two species are principally day feeders, they will
occasionally bite at night after the lamps have been lighted. Usually,
however, they are satisfied with their day’s work and give way to the no
less annoying or less dangerous night-flying species, Culex fatigans, Wied.
If one happens to be sleeping out of doors or in a bed provided with only a
poor screen, the low, sharp buzz and the vicious bite of these pests make
sleep almost impossible. Or if disturbed sleep does come, it is only to
dream of an arm or a leg swelling to horrible proportions, for one knows
that any one of these mosquitoes as she bites rnay be transplanting to one’s
blood some of the filaria derived from a former meal on some of the
elephantiasis patients who have been seen during the day.
Elephantiasis is quite a common disease on Tahiti and Morea. On
the latter island it is said to be much more common on the lee side,
where there is more low marsh land, than on the more rugged windward side.
The iarve of C. fatigans are found in the same situations and often
in the same pools as S. calopus and S. scuteltaris. In a dipperful of
water from any of the gutters along the roadside would usually be found
the larvee of these three species.
My specimens of S. seutellaris differ in some respects from the
descriptions of the typical forms ; the head has two white lateral bands;
the white border of the eyes is very narrow or not apparent above ; there
are no lighter bands at the joints of the antennæ of the female ; the white
silvery line extends seven-eighths of the length of the mesonotum, much
attenuated posteriorly ; the white bands on the abdomen are represented
only by white spots on the sides, but are very distinct below. It is
probably close to var. sumarensis, Ludlow.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 393
NOTES ON THE COCCINELLIDÆ.
BY THOS. L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.
In his recent essays on this family of beetles, Mr. Chas. W. Leng (Journ.
N. Y. Ent. Soc.) has given results betraying some superficiality of study
and lack of sound discriminative judgment. He seems to have pursued
the eminently conservative course of assigning all species which are in any
way remindful of others to rank as varieties of the latter, incidentally
giving them three names, and frequently in a wholly arbitrary and
whimsical manner. If he had examined these so-called varieties at all
carefully, he would have been spared the responsibility for many needless
errors.* The course followed by Mr. Leng and myself are at opposite
taxonomic extremes. I tabulated virtually all the forms as ‘Species,
because my material was not sufficient to warrant giving them a more
definitive status, and not because 1 was not convinced that some of them
might ultimately be proved to have less than specific weight. Mr. Leng,
on the other hand, with material not so very greatly in excess of my own,
has assumed to know that the true taxonomic position of practically every
form which I defined is that of a variety or subspecies. He has
apparently tried to imitate the European Catalogue in reducing most of
the described forms of that region to varieties or aberrations, but if he
were familar with them, he would see that many differ only by the absence
of a spot here or a dash there, and that a large proportion of them are
really synonyms. ‘The latest European catalogue has, however, gone too
far in its reductions from the specific status ; the reverse swing of the
pendulum is too radical, and there will be a gradually decreasing oscilla-
tion to a more rational intermediate position. I have endeavoured to
define our various modifications broadly, on lines of general form, size,
sculpture, structure or radical divergencies in the colour scheme, and feel
certain that most of them are true species. The truth lies between the
wee ee
*If Mr. Leng had taken the very slight trouble to communicate with me
regarding the status of Ærochomus subrotundus and other points, a good deal of
uncertainty could have been cleared up. I would gladly have aided him through
special observations, or have given him cordial welcome to personal study of my
collections, and this despite a baseless rumor which, Iam rehably informed, is
being circulated with more or less pertinacity by a Washington entomologist of
some repute, to the effect that my collections are inaccessible —a statement
smacking strongly of malice aforethought. I might add, however, that one who
is actively favouring a departure from customary methods of doing anything
whatever may have a few friends or passive onlookers, but a far greater number
of irreconcilable doubters, with a modicum of more or less virulent enemies, so
that he generally comes to draw the line of personal favour somewhere, even in
matters scientific, as we are all human after all.
November, 1908
394 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST.
course pursued by me and that suggested by Mr. Leng, but, for the above
reasons, I anticipate the ultimate decision will be far nearer the former
than the latter.
It is probably true that the various forms defined in the genus
Megilla have rather less than full specific value, but the Brownsville
modification is so much larger that it may possibly prove to have very
nearly specific weight. Another form, from Cuba, in my collection, has
the two thoracic spots completely united, but I do not know how con-
stantly.* Mr. Leng is, however, wrong in uniting A/acronæmia wih
Anisosticta; it is a valid genus, and so recognized by Dr. Weise, who,
however, arbitrarily changed the name to A/icronemia, a useless proceed-
ing, as Jfacronemia is amply protected by the laws of priority.
Paranæmia similis is very readily distinguishable from the Californian
vittigera, and is not a mere hypothetical race ; it 1s certainly, at least,
a valid subspecies.
LHippodamia, Chev.
I assumed the authorship of Chevrolat for this genus, and not
Mulsant, as this seems to be the course adopted by the latter himself in
the Monograph (1866). Owing to the large number of recognizable forms
and the variability of markings, unusually pronounced for the Coccinellidæ,
where ornamentation is frequently so free from marked instability, there
will probably always be more or less divergence of opinion regarding
specific limitation. The 5-signata—convergens group, much the largest of
the genus in America, includes many species of indubitable reality, a fat
greater number, in fact, than the half-dozen recognized by Mr. Leng.
This 5-signata—convergens series embraces two not very strongly:
differentiated groups, one in which there is a transverse subbasal elytral
fascia, sometimes more or less permanently disintegrated into spots 0!
wholly wanting, and attended by a general absence or very great reduc:
tion or instability of the diverging discal lines of the pronotum, represented
by the former, and the other in which the subbasal spots are either want
ing or generally isolated, and accompanied by a very pronounced
RE I TE
M. Cubensis, n. subsp.—Smaller and rather less opaque than fuscilabrts, red,
the head black, with the usual acutely angulate frontal spot; pronotum solidly black,
the apical and lateral margins alone pale, though broadly ; elytra with the usu
spots of fuscilabris, except that the sutural post-medial is resolved into two spots
each tangent to the suture. Length, 5.0 mm.; width, 2.8mm. Cuba (Havana).
The form which I described under the name medialis seems to be that figured
by Gorham in the Biologia (VIT, PL 8, fig. 20).
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 395
development and persistence of the diverging thoracic lines, represented
by convergens.
The 5-signata group comprises by far the greater number of species.
Mesta, Lec., has a very uncertain taxonomic status but is evidently a
member of the 5-s/guafa series; we have as yet no biological evidence
concerning its relationships. Amdédigua, Lec., of broadly oval form and
constant absence of elytral maculation, is one of the most isolated species
of the entire genus and without any close affinities. Zvfensa, Muls.,
though a member of this series, differs from the common forms of the
J5-signata or LeContei types in its very finely-reflexed elytral side margins,
and it is undoubtedly a distinct species, probably having as a subspecies
deporina, Muls. Mulsant (Mon., 1866) states of /eporina that it is
elongate-oval, slightly convex, with a black pronotum, having at each side
a white border almost interrupted at the middle, the elytra with a sub.
basal band from callus to callus, and each with two black spots, the
anterior somewhat in transverse triangle, the subapical smaller, obtriangu-
lar and united with the preceding ; dimensions, 5.6x 4.2 mm. California.
So it cannot be considered in any way related to vernix, as stated by
Leng. Oregonensis, Cr., is described as having a subbasal elytral band,
with the posterior spots united to form a lunule, and the white thoracic
side margin narrow; it 1s therefore probably a distinct species in this
immediate neighbourhood, or, if not, may be a subspecies of exfensa.
The species described by Kirby as 5 signata, is essentially a boreal
form, and may be known by the generally broad, solid and even bioblique
subbasal band of the elytra, with a thick and obliquely transverse post-
median and full rounded subapical spot on each. The white lateral
thoracic margin is confined to the apical angles ; this oblique white area
may sometimes be visible also at the basal angles, though I assume very
rarely, and those examples with the pale area running down the sides,
cited by Crotch, belong without much doubt to another species, mentioned
below, and accidentally mingled with his true 5-s‘enata. The following
is a more southern subspecies of 5-signate :
H. coccinea, n. subsp.—More narrowly oval and smaller than
5-signata, similarly moderately shining, closely and rather coarsely
punctate ; head black, with a large and irregularly rhomboidal pale spot;
pronotum solidly black, without discal pale spots, the black area broadly
bilobed in front, the lobes tangent to the apical margin, the sides obliquely
pale in front, not at all pale posteriorly ; elytra with a broad subbasal
396 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
_ oe
fascia, which is sometimes even, but often irregular, its arms less anterio¥ W
oblique than in 5-signata, sometimes with a small post-humeral spot al=°:
the oblique post-median spot thinner and the subapical smaller, sometin-æ ¢S
subobsolete ; ground colour bright scarlet. Length, 5.4-5.6 mm.; wid @ch,
3-3-3.7 mm. Colorado (Eldora and Boulder Co.).
In LeConte:, of which I have specimens from the type locality, N <««w¥
Mexico, the head always has a rhomboidal central pale spot as in
5-stgenuta, bat the thoracic margins are broadly white at apex and ba =e,
though broadly subinterrupted at the middle by an abrupt spur from wx he
central black area. ‘There is less generally a subbasal fascia, and, wham en
it occurs, it is more bilaterally attenuated. An allied form before me fr «2m
Utah to Washington State, but probably specifically distinct and evider-m tly
a form frequently confounded with Ze Contei, may be distinguished reac% ily
by the broad entire white band on the head, from one eye to the oth er;
this is constant in all my specimens. A/w/santi, of LeConte, from Læzæke
Superior, the type locality, to Colorado, is a more northern form, ver ith
heavier subbasal marks, which frequently form a fascia, and this is 00
doubt the form frequently confounded with 5-siguata, as intimated abo we:
The following might be regarded as another subspecies of ZeContei :
Hl abducens, n. subsp.—Much larger than ZeConteë, almost simila@ Fly
marked, except that all black marks on the elytra before the middle AT
frequently obliterated ; pronotum similar, except that the less angu 1 a T€
black area never completely divides the white margin, the diverging ls 22€
occasionally evident, but generally obsolete ; surface slightly alutacec>&!*
the punctures very fine ; elytra before the two large posterior spots eit P €
devoid of all marking, even to the virtual obliteration of the sutural da sh,
or with a crescentiform fascia between the humeri, with but few inter
mediate stages of ornamentation, the post-humeral spot always comple tely
obsolete; sixth ventral of the male without apical pit, even and entire:
Length, 5 8-7.0 mm.; width, 3 7-4.3 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co ).
The general habitus of that form of abducens with obliterated ate
median marks, strongly recalls the eastern gaciadis, but it may Dé
distinguished readily by its narrower form and feebly developed ©
obsolete diverzing thoracic lines, besides differences in sculpture.
Vernix is a much smaller and narrower form, specifically different
from LeConter in having the very large rhomboidal frontal pale spot more
or less narrowly extending to the sides of the head and enveloping the
anterior parts of the eyes ; swbsimilis may be held to be a subspecies.
398 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
a
A eee
-_—_——-——_ = —— Ze
The species of the convergens group are fewer in number, tho=t
described thus far being g/acialis, convergens, 15 maculata, obliqua, june 46
and politissima. In a very large series of convergens before me collect ei
in many places from the Atiantic to the Pacific and as far south as Puel> 4a
in Mexico, there is not a single example in which the slightest tendencyy 0
amalgamation of the post-scutellar spots to form a single star, or of æhe
confluence of the post-median spots, either transversely or longitudina 3 lj,
can be discovered. ‘There may be such phenomena in nature, but I can
only say that I have failed to observe them, and strongly suspect tl nat
those instances in which they have been announced, as in the unnan-am ed
form listed by Leng, refer to some other species, for it is only after mich
experience that the commingling of different species, so similar in thm eir
markings, can be avoided. The subbasal spots are sometimes obsolete,
and occasionally all the spots, except the small scuteilar dash, are wanta mg,
but I have only observed this in a few Puebla specimens. The species
described by Mulsant under the name 75-macu/ata is much larger tian
convergens, and is abundantly isolated and perfectly valid, by no mean ss a
variety as surmised by Leng. 1 have a good series taken near St. Lo wis.
Juncta is a very remarkable form, with a juxta-sutural vitta uniting the
transversely confluent post-median spots with the subapical; it 18
apparently a species, but, if the future should decide otherwise, it will
prove to be a subspecies of od//gua and not of convergens. Obligua 25 3
species quite distinct from convergens ; it is smaller, still narrower Zn
has several radical peculiarities of marking. As for politissima, it may fO'
the present be disposed of as a subspecies of od/igua, of slightly shor ®©*
stouter form, more obsolete punctuation and more polished surfac®
Obsoleta, proposed by Crotch as a variety of convergens, is to be con
pletely suppressed as a manuscript naine, for no description was give”
the only statement made being “punctuation of elytra entirely obsole t©»
and this is erroneous, as no example of /Æihpodamia ever had the
punctures entirely obsolete.
The sinuata section of the genus is composed of smaller and 4%
rower species, on the whole, than those of the preceding, differing radically
in the complete and constant absence of the two post-scutellar points, and
in exhibiting a marked tendency to the longitudinal amalgamation of the
discal spots to form vittæ from the humeral callus, there never being aby
tendency to posterior elongation of the subhumeral spot tn the 5-signata—
conversens series. There are four known species, spurta, Crotchi, sinuatlé
THE CANADIAN FNTOMOULOGIT. 399
and frivittata. Spuria, Lec, is distinguished by the gore gradually
narrowed elytra behind the middle, or more elongate-oval form, as men-
tioned by LeConte. In the typical form, from Oregon and Washington
State, the spot on the callus is always isolated and rounded, though the
three posterior spots may be joined together to form a design resembling
that of parenthesis, and the scutellar dash is always short, terminating
abruptly near basal fourth, though frequently notably expanded at tip;
Americana, of Crotch, is a subspecies occurring in New Mexico, having
a greatly extended scutellar spot and the subhumeral and median spots
frequently united, and, from Washington State and Utah, I have an inter-
mediate form with scutellar spot extending about to the middle or a little
beyond. In Crotchi the body is more oblong, the elytra more rapidly
narrowed and rounded apically, and, in typical forms, the subhumeral spot
is always joined to the medial by a subparallel black vitta ; the scutellar
spot attains basal third and is always more or less broadly rhomboidal,
the conformation being as in the subspecies complex, of spuria. The side
margins of the elytra are extremely finely reflexed, and not with a distinct
gutter as in spuria and its variations. In sinuata there is a discal vitta
on each elytron, which is almost semicircularly curved apically, and in
trivittata, which is a much smaller species, the vitta is almost straight
throughout, becoming but feebly oblique apically. Fadcigera, of Crotch,
because of the black met-episterna and lack of discal thoracic spots,
always so well developed in sézuata and allied species, must be considered
as a section by itself. I am disposed to hold that the coarse-print para-
graph under Americana, in Crotch’s paper, was really misplaced by the
printer in making up the page, and should have followed the preceding
falcigera, because the met-epimera in Americana are undoubtedly pale,
as in the other species.
Finally, in regard to the parenthesis section, there can be little or no
reasonable doubt that parenthesis and apicalts are distinct species. In
the former there is never any tendency in the circular spot on the callus
to prolong itself posteriorly, and the subapical spot never attains the
sutural angle, while in the latter there is a marked tendency in the sub-
humeral spot to posterior elongation, and the subapical always attains the
sutural angle. I have never seen an exception to these laws in large
series, even where the eastern and western species come together on com-
mon territory in Colorado, and have never seen anything that appeared to
be a hybrid, although hybrids between distinct species frequently do
occur, so that this would not be conclusive evidence. As for the excep-
tional form figured by Leng, having the humeral spot connected with the
400 THE CANADIAN ENTUMOLOGIST.
post-median, the latter not attaining the sutural angle, I can only say that
if the short, broad form of the body and the peculiar form of the anter3<
margin of the prothorax are truly drawn, it is entitled to a distinctm ¥¢
name, either as a species or a very peculiar subspecies of farenthes is.
‘The following is also an interesting subspecies of parenthesis :
Æ. expurgata, n. subsp.—Shorter, rather smaller and relativ-æ=\ÿ
broader than parenthesis, highly polished, with distinct modera=m=te
punctures, pale brownish-flavate ; prothorax shorter and more transver— se,
nearly similar in maculation ; elytra with a scutellar dash, rapidly expanded
at its tip and a rounded subhumeral spot, the remainder of the elytra withe—ut
spots or with a small post-median spot, and sometimes a still smaller
subapical one. Length, 4.0 mm.; width, 2.6 mm. Colorado (Boulder Camm.).
Mr. Leng has also figured this form having a small posterior dot.
This parenthesis group has a distinct suggestion of the two ptt-
scutellar points of the 5-s¢gzata group, combined with the vitta-form .ing
tendency of the sizuata group and a system of pronotal maculat__—ion
peculiar to itself.
List of American Hippodamia.
A 14. convergens, Guer.—Ail, Fac.
I. 13-punctata, Linn. — Holarctic and Mex. a
tibialis, Say. obsoleta. Lec., 1. litt.
15. obliqua, Csy.—Calif.
B ssp. politissima, Csy.—Cass==al.
* 16. juncta, Csy.—Calif.
2. mœsta, Lec.— Pac. coast. 17. 15-maculata, Muls.—Iil, Mæ 0.
3. ambigua, Lec.—Calif. C
punctulata, Lec. 18. spuria, Lec.—Or., Wash., UE:
4. extensa, Muls. Calif. ae Peep Atmevicang Cr. N. ME der.
ssp. leporina, Muls.—Calif. ssp. complex Cs _Wa ash.,
5. oregonensis, Cr.—Oregon. B Col. y-
6. 5-signata, Kirby.—B. Am.
19. Crotchi, Csy.—Calif.
20. sinuata, Muls.—Calif.
interrogans, Muls.
21. trivittata, Csy.—Calif.
ssp. coccinea, Csy.—Col.
7. Uteana, Csy.—Utah,
8S. LeContei, Muls.—-New Mex.
ssp. Mulsanti, Lec.—L. Sup.
to Col. ; D
ssp. abducens, Csy.—Col. 22. falcigera, Cr.—B. Am.
9. vernix, Csy.—Wy. E
ssp. subsimilis, Csy.—Col. 23. parenthesis, Say. —Atl. to Ca,
10. puncticollis, Csy.—Can. R. Mts. Wy., Wash.
11. liliputana, Csy.— Col. tridens, Kirby.
12. dispar, Csy.—Col. lunatomaculata, Mots.
+ % ssp. expurgata, Csy.— Col.
13. glacialis. Fabr.— East. N. Am. | 24. apicalis, Csy.—Col. to Calif.
402 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
em
one of the most depressed and compact species known at present and
evidently valid.
The genus as restricted in my Revision may be divided into & W®
primary sections, the first having the black thoracic area extending broa <cily
to the anterior edge, the second having the black area separated therefr <> ™
by a more or less broad complete pale border. The first section cco» nm
prises most of the large species with tendency to transverse fasciatiornm Of
the elytral markings. The second is divisible into three minor grown g>S,
represented by 9-notuta, perplexa and tricuspis. In the first section tm «re
are several primary type forms, represented by 5-nofata, monticola xd
Californica respectively. ‘To the 5-z9¢ata group belong in addition æ ma ly
nugatoria, Johnsoni and Sonorica. The monticola group includes as
species monticola, with tmpressa, differing in sculpture but probabl æ a
subspecies, the distinctly isolated suturalis, alutacea, much larger, ra ore
convex and with a much more pronounced posterior prolongation of the
lateral thoracic white area, prol/ongata, with very irregular white lateral
area, which, by a transverse spur, tends to form a partial apical w Inite
margin bordering the black area, and d/ffictlis.
The Ca/ifornica group includes besides only Mevadica, agreeing in the
total absence of discal spots on the elytra but differing in its more broza Aly
oval form, pale and not blackish sutural edges, and, more particularlgr > ™
its much coarser, denser and more conspicuous punctuation,
The first group of the second section includes 9-notata, degener znd
Oregona, the last two of which may be regarded as subspecies. ‘lhe sec ond
group is composed of perplexa, subversa, with subspecies Juliana, of wkaich
barda is a synonym, and Æwgenii, the latter a valid species. The , ir
group consists of the remarkably isolated ¢récaspis alone. |
The following are the new species or subspecies mentioned above= *
C. Sonorica, n. sp.— Large, broadly oval, very convex, rather shire 208
finely and inconspicuously punctate; head with the usual juxta-oc aslar
spots ; pronotum with a moderate quadrate spot at each angle, extencA 18
posteriorly only to the middle, the black, however, ascending along the
edge almost to the angle, the entire hypomera black except at tip; ely £4
with a large transversely biangular scutellar spot, a thick transverse spe!
on each at the middle, from inner fourth to outer third, without trace ©
additional external spot, and a subapical similar spot from inner thi
to outer sixth. Length, 6.2-7.0 mm.; width, 4.8-5.4 mm. Mexico
(Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua), Townsend.
THE CANADIAN ENTUMOLOGIST. 403
C. Johnsoni, n. sp.—Not very broadly oval, very convex, polished,
extremely minutely punctulate ; head with the usual two large pale spots:
pronotum with a quadrate spot at the angles, with the lateral border black
for some distance anteriorly, the hyp2mera pale only at apex, the pale
area extending posteriorly near the edge to apical two-fifths; elytra with
the sutural edges finely blackish, a moderate rhomboidal scutellar spot,
and each with a circular subhumeral, a medial from inner fourth to the
median line, a very small submarginal at a third from the base and two
subapical spots, the outer of which is much the smaller but detached.
Length, 6.0 mm ; width, 4.7 mm. California (San Diego).
This form, which I originally considered a spotted modification of
Californica, but which in reality is a very well-marked species of the
j-notata series, is dedicated with pleasure to Mr. Roswell H. Johnson,
who is now engaged upon a general biological study of colour variations
in the Coccinellidæ.
C. Oregona, n. subsp.— Large in size, distinctly elongate-oval, yellow-
ish, polished, finely punctate ; head pale, the apical and basal margins
evenly, transversely black ; pronotum with a large quadrate anterior spot
at each side, the two united along the apical margin, the hypomera pale
in apical three-fifths ; elytra with the sutural edges finely blackish, a small
subrhombiform scutellar dash, and each with the usual spots of 9-nofata,
though much reduced in size, especially the subhumeral, which is almost
obsolete. Length, 6.4 mm.; width, 4.9 mm. Oregon (southern).
I have a good series of d'fficilis from Utah, collected by Wickham,
and its broadly rounded, subhemispherical form and markings evidently
ally it to the monfticola group, in the vicinity of a/utacea, and not, as indi-
cated by Crotch, to perplexa (=trifasciata, Cr, nec L.). I have also
received the true nugatoria, from Santiago, Mexico, since my last revision
of the genus, and find that the subhumeral spot is well formed and
circular, the post-humeral also distinct and the scutellar blotch transversely
oval, indicating that it does not coalesce with the subhumeral, and the
elytral punctures are so nearly obsolete that they are only to be discerned
with difficulty. In 5-#ofata the subbasal fascia 1s seldom resolved into
three spots, and then in such ragged fashion as to show at once that they
have been derived by disintegration, and the elytral punctures are very
distinct. I think, therefore, that #wgatoria ought to have the status of a
species.
404 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
———— eee eee”
List of Coccinella.
_ A 11. Nevadica, Csy.—Nev.
* B
1, 5-notata, Kirby.—Mont, Ut. *
N. Mex. 12. g-notata, Hbst.—Atl. to Com -
2. nugatoria, Muls.— Mex. ssp. degener, Csy—C ol,
transversalts, || Muls. N. M., Ariz.
3. Johnson, Csy.—Calif. ssp. Oregona, Csy.—C__» re-
4. Sonorica, Csy.— Mex. gon.
5. monticola, Muls.—I. Sup. to * &
Vane. 13. perplexa, Muls.—R. L, Mi «ah,
lacustris, Lec. Wis.
ssp. impressa, Csy.—Calif. trifasciata, Cr., nec L.
6. suturalis, Csy., Calif. 14. subversa, Lec.—Oreg.
7. alutacea, Csy.—Col., N. Mex. ssp. Juliana, Muls.—Cali —
8. difficilis, Cr.— Utah. barda, Lec.
9. prolongata, Cr.—Col., Ut. 15. Eugen, Muls.—Calif.
montico’a, Lec., nec Muls. ***
** 16. tricuspis, Kirby.—Br. Am. L.
10. Californica, Mann.—Calif. Sup.
franciscana, Muls.
An examination of the Mexican species placed by Gorham in
Coccinella, shows too great diversity for a single genus, and in fact © he
spot
true Coccinella, as represented by the type, 7-puncfata, Linn., does
seem to be at all well represented in Mexico. For such species as /rs #4
pennis, ampla, cyathigera and albopicta, | would propose the generic noe TE
Harmontaspts (n. gen.). and for compta, concinna and pantherina, ve wth
much shorter antennae, the name Harmonte/la (n. gen.). In imposing a he
name Harmonia, the type of which may be assumed to be the Brazi 2 gan
Sommiert, upon such an inharmonious assemblage of species, if |
assuinable that Mulsant merely desired to indulge to a slight exten&
entomological ‘ plaisanterie.” ‘The name has since been used three
four times in other classes and orders of animals.
Cycloneda, Cr.
‘The species named ‘‘afer” in my Revision was first placed
Exochomus, where the name was given it, but afterwards transferred to
Cycloneda, the name being inadvertently printed as at first applied. Ie #
to be hoped that this explanation will be acceptable to Dr. Weise, wh?
in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 405
kindly pointed out the error. ‘The name of the species should be afra,
and not “afer.” It is a very peculiar species, only doubtfully a member
of Cycloneda, but may remain there for the present. Although rejected
by Leng, because of doubt concerning its geographic habitat, there can be
but little question that it belongs to the fauna of this country, as there was
but little or no foreign material in the Levette cabinet, whence it came.
The error in the name “afer,” just referred to, which, by the way, was not
discovered by Mr. Leng, reminds me of a still more flagrant lapsus on p.
141 of my Revision, where I have imposed a name “ postpinctus” upon
a harmless Scymnid ; it should of course be postpictus. And this leads me
to notice a new high Latin rendition of the word fourteen, which Mr.
Leng (Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 1993, p. 206) informs us should be “ guatro-
decim,” in striving to write the name guatuordecimguttata.
The true Cycloneda has as its type sanguinea, Linn. Such forms as
Gilardini, Muls., from Colombia and Central America, form a distinct
genus which may. take the name Ssiloneda (n. gen.).
Olla, Csy.
In Mexico there are several species of O//a still unnamed ; one of
these, from Vera Cruz, differing very radically from abdominalis, was
outlined as a variety of the latter by Mr. Gorham (Biol. VII, p. 172, pl. 9,
fig. 24). It differs in having two large elongate-oval subbasal and two
large divaricately oblique clongate-oval median spots on each elytron. It
may take the name O//a Gorhami (n. sp.). Besides V-nigrum and Sallé,
the genus may also include, among the Mexican species, such forms as
Coccinella maculosa and guichensis, although it is impossible to definitely
decide this without actual observation.
The name ocudata, Fabr., for the black forms in this genus, is, I think,
clearly untenable. The statement thit there 1s a rounded pale spot at
each side of the pronotum in ocu/ata, would seem to set the matter at rest,
and the Fabrician ocu/afa must apply to some species in another genus,
probably Calophora, with the assumption that the locality given by
Fabricius for ocu/ata is erroneous ; this is a much more legitimate con-
clusion than to assume the description to be erroneous, as suggested by
Leng. The slender irregular pale area along the sides of the pronotum
in these black forms of O//a could never, by any stretch of the
imagination, be considered rounded, whereas the rounded form is very
common in Celophora. It may be said, also, that casual observation of
the series of these black forms in my collection must convince any
406 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
eee
systematist that there are a number of distinct species, diffe 118
conspicucusly in form and size of the body, as well as in the form and& > 0
some extent, the position of the elytral pale spots. This would seenm 10
militate against considering them a melanic modification of abdomina «7 £5;
but this question appears to be no nearer a solution now than in for æxntr
times. It would be one of the most interesting problems for the
experimental biologists to sclve. The foliowing is allied to abdominæ «£5:
O. minuta, n. sp.—Form as in abdominalis, almost impunct=mæ te;
head pale, with a biangulate basal black area; pronotum with broad lat «= ral
and apical pale margins, the black area almost solid, having merely & Wo
very small, nubilous and elongate discal points; it is broadly bilc» toed
anteriorly, and has at each side a post-median spur; elytra with the
scutellum and sutural edges finely blackish, each with four subbasal s yoots
as in abdominalis, though relatively larger, and three much larger mea #40
spots, the outer two elongate, extending to apical fourth, the subap>2<al
large, only narrowly isolated. Length, 3.2 mm.; width,'2.7 mm. T Æ >%48
(Brownsville), Wickham. .
Differs in its very much smaller size, still more highly polished sur #=°
and development of the markings, which are, however, of the same æœ da
as in abdominalis.
Pseudoclets, n..gen.
An examination of the figure of Clets /ynx, given by Gorham in
Biologia, indicates that our Harmonia picta cannot be associated witk =
and should have a distinctive generic name. I would propose the m = ¥"™
Pseudoclets, with picta as the type.
The species described by me as Audsonjca is perfectly valid, and wit
a variety of frcfa, as stated by Leng; mznor is, however, properly a = ub
species, and there are two other forms in my cabinet that might with s «> #7"
propriety receive varietal designations. Itis almost superfluous to ad€3 > to
anyone who has actually made careful comparative observations, that on
Anisocalvia cardisce and Victoriana can in no wise be considered? *°
closely allied to the European zy-guttata. It may be barely possible abt
we have been misinterpreting the s2-macu/ata of Gebler ; at any rate»
am unable to verify the name by plain count of the spots ;-there Æ#
eleven on the elytra and two on the pronotum.
Anatis, Muls. at
The species which I described under the name LeContei is so disti #? ;
from Rathvont, Lec., in every feature, that it could under no circumstan
æhe
it,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST. 407
be confounded with it, except by pure perversity. This error on the part
of Mr. Leng, which is the most unaccountable that [ can recall having
seen in print, and, I understand, not typographic, as I had at first sup-
posed, naturally engenders a suspicion that this author must needs have a
very inconstant and peculiar personal equation in regard to reliability.
Neomysia, Csy.
Although the American and European species are probably con-
generic, our European colleagues do not seem to have discovered that the
name J/ysia was long since preoccupied when imposed by Mulsant. The
name Neomysia has therefore to be used for the species of both continents.
Crotch, who had probably seen the type, states that sudu:ttata, Muls., has
the elytra broadly dilated at the sides, which makes it very doubtfully a
species of Meomysia, where it is placed by Leng, but more probably an
Anatis, to which genus it is assigned by Crotch. ‘The synonymy proposed
by Mr. Leng is therefore erroneous. The assignment of inferruplta to
Horni as a variety is, moreover, an error almost as flagrant as that noticed
above under Anatis LeContei, the two are evidently distinct species»
Horni being the smaller and much less broadly rounded, irrespective of
differences in ornamentation.
Psyllobora, Chev.
Of the described forms in this genus, 20-maculata, renifer, borealts,
tedata, deficiens and nana are true and valid species ; obsodeta may be
considered a synonym of 20-maculata and parvinotata as a subspecies ;
separata may be regarded as a subspecies of /ædata.
Tribe EXOPLECTRINI.
This tribe, including such genera as Rodolia, Vedalia, Novius and
Exoplectra, with rounded form, pubescent surface and wide, externally
descending epipleura, should be interpolated in the table of tribes given
in my Revision immediately after Epilachnini.
The genus Veaporia, of Gorham, is certainly composite and, as no
type was named, I would propose metallica, Gorh., as the type. Plagto-
derina, Gorh., evidently forms another genus, much more broadly
orbicular, for which the name Ancaporia (n. gen.) may be suggested.
Indagator, together possibly with compta, probably forms another genus.
Some important generic characters doubtless exist in antennal and
sternal structure, to which Mr. Gorham makes little or no reference.
408 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
a ae
Anovia, n. gen.
Body rounded or broadly suboval, convex, evenly punctate za nd
pubescent, the epipleura very vaguely and scarcely visibly impressed #Ot
the femora; prothorax distinctly narrower than the elytra, finely margirmed
at base and truncate at the scutellum, broadly and deeply emarginate at
apex; head with the eyes entire, only partially concealed by the prothos” ax,
the epistoma and labrum broadly and very feebly sinuate ; antennz sha ort
and thick, 8-jointed, the club fusoid, with the joints compactly joine=d ;
maxillary palpi thick, the list joint strongly securiform ; prosterra wim
between the coxæ narrow, tumescent, rapidly sloping behind, the me=so-
sternum with a transverse tumescent ridge at apex ; abdominal plates w ery
short, entire ; anterior tibiæ flattened, their external edge longitudin zally
impressed for the reflexed tarsi: claws with a laminate internal tootha at
base.
The type of this genus, which differs from Movius in its broadly sand
deeply sinuate apex of the prothorax, is the following :
A. virginalis, Wickh.—A cotype of this species from Chadbour me's
Ranch, Utah, was kindly given me by Prof. Wickham. It was descra bed
under the name Scymuus virginalts, but the author recognized its gen eric
incompatibiity. The specimens from St. George, Utah, seem to be
smaller, less suffusedly coloured and with rather straighter parallel s 5 des
of the prothorax, but they have the sixth abdominal segment, as in the
cotype, well developed, and almost as long as the fifth ; this sixth segras Ent
dogs not appear to differ much in the two sexes. I also have another
specimen, differing but slightly, from EI Paso, Texas.
Chilocorus, Teach.
In this genus the species orbus, Csy., is not a variety of divulner #5
nor confusor a variety of cacti, as stated recently by Leng (1. c., 1909 + P
37, 38), bat in each case specifically distinct. Sraternus, of LeConte >
at least a well differentiated subspecies of hivuw/nerus, recognizable by 15
smaller size and much less dilated form, as can be observed with grea ae
ease 1n large series. Cucti, Linn., is a very much larger and more broæ dy
rounded species than confusor, as clearly shown by some specimens in any
cabinet from Puebla, Mexico, and Honduras ; the latter occupies the a "
regions from San Diego to Nogales. I have recently seen a specimen °
Sraternus taken at Nogales, Ariz, which is probably near its extre ænc
southern limit of distribution ; besides being smaller and narrower ttæ 4”
bivulnerus, the punctuation is much finer and feebler.
THE CANADIAX ENTOMOLOGIST. 409
I have recently received a typical example of Axion plagiatum from
Puebla, Mex., and am in position to prove that Zéxanum, Lec., is a distinct
species, differing, among other characters, in that in cacti the two elytral
spots are separated across the dorsal surface by only about half the distance
that separates them in Zexanum, due allowance being made for sexual
differences. A/ufaceum is smaller, narrower and more compressed than
Texanum, and is probably specifically different ; p/eurale is also in all
probability a distinct species and not a variety, as stated by Leng; at any
rate, it would be a subspecies of the true p/agiatum and not of Zexanum.
Exochomus, Redt.
Brumus, ‘ Weise” (Leng).
Mr. Leng divides this genus into three named subgenera, of which
the first, Arawana, founded upon Arizonicus, is probably a distinct
genus and not a subgenus, as it differs in important structural characters
as well as in the entire scheme of coloration, which is almost as important.
As to Brumus, ‘ Weise,” I am uncertain whether he means Brumus,
Muls., or not. In his Brumus there apparently should be no acutely
angulate quadrate ungual tooth, as in typical Axochomus, but there is
always either a pronounced basal swelling or bulbosity, as in parvicollis,
or a rapid thickening of the claw as in Æogei, or an almost completely
simple form as in sepfentrionis, with the strong probability, when we
consider the absolutely similar or correlative scheme of ornamentation and
the identical facies, that there are intermediate forms. I therefore still
hold that there is but a single genus, and that Brumus, “ Weise” (Leng)
would be a complete synonym of Æxochomus, if there were no other
distinction than that of the dentition of the tarsal claws. ‘The case is
parallel to that of Oxynychus, Lec., and Æyperaspis. But to show how
very uncertain the boundaries of Exochomus and Brumus, Weise, become,
when based solely on dentition, it may be stated that in efhsops, Bland,
the tooth is perfectly distinct and sharply angulate, as usual in Axochomus,
though rather less elevated, but this species is placed by Weise and more
reluctantly by Leng in Brumus and not in Exvochomus. Subrotundus has
tarsal claws nearly as in marginipennis, but with the apical part less
abruptly deflexed and, as the ornamentation in Æxochomus is not highly
variable, as assumed, but on the contrary noticeably constant and per-
sistent, I have no doubt that sadrotundus is a valid species, and this is
confirmed by its very small size and almost circular form. To compare it
with fasciatus, with its much more elongate-oval form and different colour
410 THE CANADIAN ENTOMULUGIST.
scheme, as suggested by Leng, is a decided mistake. The tarsal claww of
fasciatus is wrongly outlined on the plate by Mr. Leng, the basal t@oth
being large and subparallel as in margintpennts, though less elevated.
The tarsal claws in defectens, latiusculus and marginipennis, wEvy
thick at base, with the apical part very slender and abruptly bent do wn-
ward, are, however, noticeably different from the form assumed in the
aethiops, septentrionis and desertorum group. Perhaps it may be ths
quite perceptible difference in the shape of the claw that constitutes the
true difference between Æxochomus and Brumus, and not the mer
presence or absence of a basal tooth; if this be the case the PBrumres of
Leng might possibly be considered a valid subgenus, although there are
probably intermediates, and I would prefer to consider our species at
least as constituting a single genus. The European Brumus, Muls., ma).
however, be different. *
Septentrionis, Weise, is the northern and eastern species, of unusually
large size, called Davisi by Mr. Leng, and it is not at all the Hoges of
Gorham, the latter being a far southern and essentially Sonoran form, wW€ly
distinct in appearance and constant in ornamentation. Desertorum and
ovoideus seem to have given rise to much unnecessary confusion ora the
part of Mr. Leng, for he puts one in the section with dentate claws and
the other in his Brumus, Weise. They both belong to the latter sect 10,
and are mutually allied, though I am now convinced distinct specie S %
subspecies. Desertorum is of very broadly oval outline, and generally 2s
a long anterior wisp like prolongation from the posterior spot, while
ovoideus is very narrowly and more evenly elliptic, with the hue"
scarcely at all exposed at base and has the posterior spot circular and
clearly limited throughout its circumference, without suggestion of
prolongation. Neither of these forms has anything whatever to do w!!
Californicus, either in general appearance or other token of conmsäf
guinity. |
The following species or subspecies may be made known at this
opportunity :
E. deflectens, n. subsp.—Broadly oval, strongly convex, alutaceo¥s
and black, the anterior angles of the pronotum nubilously pale; elytra pale
a ee eee
*The genus Brumus, Muls., as represented by its type, &stgnata, which !
have examined since the above was written, differs rather radically from this
American Brumus, ‘‘ Weise” (Leng), in having an entire basal margin of !
pronotum, very large post-coxal arcs, much longer tarsal claws, and in its entire
scheme of ornamentation. If, therefore, our species form a genus or subgenvs
distinct from Evochomus, it is still unnamed,
THE OANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 411
reddish, each with two very large subequal isolated black spots, one just
before, the other well behind, the midäle, the punctures fine, sparse and.
inconspicuous ; legs pale, the femora piceous ; claws as in marginipennts.
Length, 3.0 mm.; width, 2.6 mm. Missouri. |
Allied to maryinipennis, but of broader outline, finer punctuation
and with the anterior and posterior black areas of each elytron subequal in
size and wholly isolated. [It resembles /afiuscu/us in form more closely,
and may, for the present, be considered a subspecies of the latter, which
is specifically different from marginipennis in its much more broadly
rounded outline.
£. Mormonicus, n. sp.—Very broadly rounded, strongly convex,
highly polished, virtually completely impunctate, deep black throughout ;
tarsal claws well developed, moderately and almost evenly arcuate, with a
distinctly defined rectangular basal tooth within. Length, 3.2-4.0 mm.;
width, 2.8-3.5 mm. Utah (Marysvale), Wickham. ”
E. Townsendi, n. sp.—Smaller, much more elongate-oval in form,
very convex, polished, deep black throughout, virtually impunctate, the
elytra vertically declivous to the lateral bead, which is finer than in
Mormonicus and ethiops, in which species also the elytra become evidently
subexplanate along the sides, especially anteriorly ; claws nearly simular,
with an even more distinct acute rectangular tooth. Length, 2.8-3.0 mm.;
width, 2.2 mm. Mexico (Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua), Townsend. —
Mormonicus 1s larger, very much more nearly circular and more
polished than @fhiops, Bland, and has the elytra practically impunc-
tate even near the thick lateral bead, where numerous distinct punctures are
observable in the latter ; the prothorax is also larger and more especially
of a different shape, being more elongate along the median line. Besides
differing as stated in the description, Zownsendi is of more narrowly oval
form than the feebly alutaceous @fAiops, and has the front distinctly more
advanced before the line of the eyes. Both of these forms are species
distinct from æ/Arops.
Æ. parvicollis, n. sp.— Very broadly rounded, convex, polished,
virtually impunctate, black, the anterior thoracic angles not paler ; elytra
black, with a broad parallel lateral rufous area from the humeri, obliquely
narrowed just before the middle, and extending thence narrowly and
more nubilously for a short distance further, also extending along the basal
margin, and sometimes with a slight posterior angulation, almost to the
scutellum ; also with a subangulate subapical discal pale spot; under
412 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
DS
surface irregularly rufescent, the legs black ; tarsal claws long, event)
arcuate, with a distinct though rounded swelling internally at baS*
Length, 2.4-3.0 mm.; width, 2.0-2.7 mm. Utah (St. George), Wickh ant
Resembles desertorum, but differs in its much shorter and naoOft
broadly rounded form and relatively much narrower prothorax. FP OU
homogeneous specimens.
In septentrionts, Ws. (= Davisi, Leng), the size is large, the form
elongate-oval and the punctures rather coarse, deep and very consp2c
ous ; there is only a distant relationship between this and desertorum amd
ovoideus, and the latter are properly true species and not varieties, at any
rate as far as sepfentrionis is concerned ; in them the maxillary palpi ka a ve
the fourth joint much shorter and more securiform than in septentre ras
among other differences.
List of Exochomus.
A B
ÆExochomus in sp. Brumus, “ Weise” (Leng).
1. marginipennis, LeC.—S. Atl. 7. æthiops, Bland.—N. Mex, 0!
pretextatus, Muls. 8. Mormonicus, Csy.--Utah, EX €.
2. fasciatus, Csy.—S. Calif. g. Townsendi, Csy.—Mex.
3. latiusculus, Csy.—S. ‘Tex. 10. parvicollis, Csy.—Utah.
ssp. deflectens, Csy.—Mo. 11. histrio, Fall.—S. Calif.
4. Childreni, Muls.—Tex., Mex. 12. desertorum, Csy.— Nev.
Guexi, Lec. ssp.? ovoideus, Csy.— 2 av!
5. Californicus, Csy.—N. Calif. 13. orbiculatus, Leng.—Ariz.
6. subrotundus, Csy.—El Paso. 14. septentrionis, Ws.—N.-Eas © N.
Am.
Pavisi, Leng.
15. Hogei, Gorh.— Mex, N. pe E x
ssp. Nevadensis, Leng.— 2 €"
Brachyacantha, Chev.
The following species is allied to ursina:
B. Uteella, n. sp.—Form elongate-oval, very convex, polis 2 €d
minutely, rather sparsely punctate, black ; female with yellow spots as mn
ursina, and nearly as large, except that the two medial are relati €
more distant from the two basal, so that, instead of forming a square a5 mn
ursina, they forma slightly elongate rectangle; pale side margin of the
prothorax much less broadly dilated anteriorly. Length, 3.6 mm.; width
2.3 mm. Utah (Milford), Wickham.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 413
A subspecies of Ufeella may be defined as follows :
B. Sonorana, n. subsp.—Form still narrower than in Ufee//a, ellip-
soidal, polished, black, very minutely, decidedly sparsely punctulate ;
female with spots nearly as in Ufee/la but much smaller, except that the
rectangle formed by the basal and slightly post-medial spots is still more
elongated and the humeral spot is reduced to a small dot; the basal spots
differ in being very small, nubilous and wholly detached from the margin.
Length, 3.0 mm.; width, 2.0 mm. Mexico (Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua),
Townsend.
I have not examined the male in either of these forms, which differ
profoundly from wrsina in their narrower, more elongate outline, and,
more especially, in the very fine and sparser punctures.
B. metator, n. sp.—Form and coloration nearly as in /es/udo, deep
black, polished, the spots sharply defined, rather small and bright yellow ;
head (9 ) black throughout, the pronotum black, with the yellow lateral
margin moderate, dilated’ somewhat anteriorly ; elytra distinctly though
moderately punctate, the spots nearly as in fes/udo but smaller and more
widely separated, the basal not basally truncate, but circular and only
tangent to the basal margin; legs pale, the femora gradually piceous
toward base. Length, 2.2 mm.; width, 1.7 mm. ‘Texas (Del Rio),
Wickham.
Differs from festudo and Bo//i in having the head of the female black
and not pale, and in the form of the basal spots of the elytra.
Hy peraspts, Chev.
In this genus the variety which I described under the name
angustata should be considered a synonym of e//ptica. On the other
hand, the variety that I described under the name owissa would appear to
have greater value, perhaps fully specific, as the form is rather more
oblong and less convex, the punctures more crowded toward the sides of
the pronotum, and the total absence of the conspicuous and very constant
discal spot of /afera/is gives it a very different appearance. Votatu/a
should be removed from its position as originally published to the vicinity
of g-oculata. The following species have come to light since my last
revision :
HT. emulator, a. sp.—Broadly oval, very convex, black, shining,
rather finely and loosely punctate ; head (9) piceous, very gradually
darker basally ; pronotum with a large internally rounded yellow spot,
wider than long, at each side; elytra each with three moderately large
414 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
D
subequal yellow spots, one somewhat obliquely subquadrangular at t WO
fifths and inner third, another rather smaller, rounded and marginal, ÿ US‘
visibly less basal and truncated by the margin, and another, somew hat
transversely oval, near the apical margin, and much more distant from the
suture ; beneath black, the abdomen pale marginally, the legs pzale.
Length, 2.6 mm.; width, 2.0 mm. Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher.
To be classed with medialis, but not closely related, much larger,
with slightly more anterior discal spot and piceous head in the femzale.
The head is pale in both sexes of s#edialrs.
H. fastidiosa, n. sp.—Broadly suboblong-oval, convex, blaack,
polished, finely though rather strongly and closely punctate ; head € 3)
dark rufo-piceous, gradually becoming blackish basally and yellowsrish
apically ; pronotum with a large yellow spot, internally angulate and w = der
than long, at each side; elytra each with three large yellow spots, «ne
elongate-oval, from basal seventh to the middle and inner sixth to just
beyond the middle ; another, marginal, from the humeri to apical third,
acuminate anteriorly, and gradually though moderately dilated postericorly,
the third large, subobtriangular, very close to the apical margin, and but
little further from the suture ; beneath black, the abdomen nubilously pat
marginally, the legs pale. Length, 2.2 mm.; width, 1.65 mm. Califor™ml4
(San Diego), Nunenmacher.
H. conspirans, n. Sp.—Smaller, less broadly and more evenly ovil
convex, polished, black, finely, less closely punctate; head ( & ) bright yel BOY
ish-white, abruptly black only at the base of the occiput; pronotum wi cha
large internally arcuate yellow spot, as wide as long, at each side; ety?
each with three rather large similarly straw-yellow spots, one roun ted.
from basal fourth to the middle and inner fifth to a little beyond the me <2 2
line; another, marginal, semicircular, at the middle and the € #*
somewhat smaller, slightly irregular, subtransversely oval, distirs € EY
separated from the apical margin, and subequally so from the sutear ©:
under surface black throughout, the legs black, the anterior pale. Lem £""
1.6 mim.; width, 1.1 mm, Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher.
Both of the above species are allied to gemma, the first differing 1 Æ? us
very differently coloured head in the male, and total absence of the 9"
spicuous yellow apical thoracic margin of gemma. The second has the
same pal: yellow head in the male, but lacks the pale apical thor =a"
margin or any indication that it could exist, as the lateral spots ar
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 415
rounded internally, their arcuate margin becoming more externally oblique
anteriorly to the apical angles ; a very similar species, of which I only
have females at present, occurs at Alpine, Texas.
Mr. Chas. Schaeffer (Sci. Bull., Br. Inst., Vol. 1, p. 145) confuses
medialis, and inferentially also gemma, fastidiosa and conspirans, with
sexverrucata, Fabr., and pratensis, Lec., must be closely related. But Mr.
Schaeffer is mistaken in this, as a little closer observation would have
shown him that there are a number of distinct species, and, on consulting
Mulsant’s description of sexverrucata (Spec., p. 639), which is a South
American insect, he would have read the following diagnosis: Briefly and
obtusely oval ; prothorax brown or red-brown, ornamented each side with
a yellow border ; elytra black or brown, each with three yellow spots, two
suborbicular near two-fifths of the length, the external bound to the lateral
border, the third subapical, obtriangular. The coloration of the pronotum
prohibits any close alliance with these Sonoran forms, and Gorham was
hasty in assigning those from northern Mexico to this species. It is a
common type in the fauna of Mexico, but includes many indubitable
species. Mr. Schaeffer seems of late to be somewhat solicitous concerning
the distinctness of Leng? and rotunda (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Sept., 1908);
the two appear to me to be amply distinct species, indeed not even closely
related.
H. imperialis, n. sp.— Moderately broadly oval, very convex, polished,
black, rather finely but strongly, the elytra not very closely, punctate ;
head ( 9 ) dull, black ; pronotum black, the sides yellowish-red, the pale
area longer than wide, parallel, with its inner margin bisinuate ; elytra
with the umboniform callus at basal fifth unusually pronounced, black,
each with a large evenly elliptical dull red spot, from a fifth to six-sevenths
of the length, and from inner fifth at apical fourth, where it approaches the
suture most closely, to within a short but appreciable distance of the
lateral margin ; under surface and legs black throughout. Length, 3.6
mm.; width, 2.8 mm. Mexico (Puebla).
This very distinct species belongs to the same group as the Florida
regalis and Mexican panzosæ. It differs from the latter in its more
elongate form, much less basal pale elytral area, and in having the sides
of the pronotum pale.
H. oculifera, n. sp.—Breadly oval, convex, shining, strongly and
rather closely punctate, black, tne entire head and a large subquadrate
416 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ce
spot at each side of the pronotum pale (4); elytra each with a rouncie à
yellowish spot at posterior third, barely perceptibly more distant from hve
suture than the side margin; legs short, dark testaceous, the poste m1!
piceous-black, though paler at the knees. Length, 2.1 mm.; width, x -6
mm. Arizona (Benson), Nunenmacher.
Belongs near Wickhami, but differs in the stronger and rather closer
punctures, larger eyes, with narrower interocular surface and in ‘ Ihe
position of the elytral spots, which are much more nearly on the mec az
longitudinal line.
A. significans, n. sp.—Oval, convex, polished, moderately finely za nd
sparsely but rather strongly punctate, strongly and closely so bene =a th,
black, the entire head and narrow pronotal side-margins pale (¢), or == 3th
the former picescent and the side-margins nubilous (2); elytra wit Fa a
large and irregularly rounded lateral spot of red at the middle of the
margin, by which it is diametrally truncated, and sometimes extene-X2 ng
more than half way across the elytron ; under surface piceous, rufes «cent
peripherally, the legs slightly pale, the hind femora darker. Lers goth
2.2-2.5 mm.; width, 1.5-1.75 mm. Utah (St. George), Wickham.
May be placed near p/euralts, but differs in the much larger, red za nd
less sharply-defined lateral spot, and much more elongate-oval forrx2 of
body.
AH. concurrens, n. sp.— Moderately elongate-oval, black or pice <> ™
black throughout, polished, finely, not closely and rather strongly punc € ale
head (4) pale, finely punctate and pubescent throughout ; prone € “"
narrowly, nubilously rufescent at the sides ; elytra without maculatiox® of
any sort ; under surface piceous-brown, the metasternum densely pune € ale
laterally. Length, 2 o—2.3 mm.; width, 1.4-1.65 mm. Utah (St. Geox” & ¢)
Wickham.
This distinct species may also be placed in the neighbourhooa®
pleuralts.
1. aterrima, n. sp.-—Form nearly as in the preceding but smalle ri
size, deep black throughout (9), or with the entire head and nar 7 !
abruptly-defined sides of the pronotum yellow (4); elytra without ma &—
lation, polished, finely, rather sparsely punctate; under surface næ o*
coarsely, less densely punctate, black, the tibiz and tarsi feebly pallescæ x
Length, 1.6-2.1 mm.; width, 1.2-1.4 mm.— Utah (St. George), Wickhz
Differs from the preceding in its bright yellow and sharply- defix? &
anterior markings of the male, but more particularly in the feebly punct # *
of
a = ox?
. Re ne
us = = mn
en ne et Tete nn
toe ~— oon.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 417
and wholly glabrous frontal surface. The eyes are notably larger and the
front narrower in the male than in the female.
Hf. coloradana, n. sp.—Form moderately elongate, oblong-suboval,
not very convex, polished, strongly, not densely punctate, black ; head,
except at each side of the basal margin, and sides of the pronotum
abruptly and narrowly but not extending to the base, though finely
throughout the apical margin, yellow (4); elytra with a moderately
narrow, abrupt, subparallel yellow side margin from base to apical third,
and a rather small, widely detached subapical spot ; under surface black,
the anterior legs pale ; mes-episterna pale in external half. Length, 2.2
mm.; width, 1.6 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.).
Resembles the Californian dissoluta, Cr., very greatly, but has the
yellow side margin of the elytra much less sinuated internally and shorter,
the apical spot smaller and rather nearer the suture and the outer half of
the mes-episterna pale, but, more especially, in the much less convex, more
oblong and less oval form of the body.
Hf, serena, n. sp.—Coloration, lustre and punctuation throughout
nearly as in énffexa, but with the expanded apex of the marginal reddish
vitta less anteriorly extended ; form of the body more narrowly oblong
and parallel, not regularly oval as in énffexa ; abdominal plate more
broadly rounded and not quite attaining the first suture. Length 2.5 mm.;
width, 1.7 mm. Pennsylvania, Warren Knaus.
‘Differs from énffexa in the form of the body and other characters.
Hl. Nunenmachert, n. sp.—Rather broadly oval and convex, nearly as
in fostica, black, polished, sparsely but more distinctly punctate ; head
and pronotum (9) black, the latter without trace of pale side margin ;
elytra each with a parallelogramic marginal yellow spot at base, twice as
long as wide, ending abruptly behind and truncate, and also a transversely
but broadly oval subapical spot, twice as far from the suture as the apical
margin; beneath black throughout, the tibiæ somewhat, and the tarsi
decidedly, pale. Length, 2.75 mm.; width, 2.05 mm. California (River-
side), Nunenmacher. "
Allied to postica, Lec., but differs in the absence of the pale sides of
the pronotum and in the presence of a short, broad, parallel humeral spot
on the elytra.
Hf. protensa, n. sp.— Rather more elongate, narrow and parallel than
any other species, shining, deep black above and beneath, the head and
pronotum wholly black (9), the elytra with a narrow even and feebly
418 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST.
I
bisinuate yellow side margin, which is continuous throughout, tho a gh
retreating from the edge posteriorly, not quite attaining the suture ; unm Aer
surface feebly and rather sparsely punctate, the anterior legs pallescæ== ™-
Length, 1.8 mm.; width, 1.15 mm. Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher ——
Belongs near /imbalis, the ornamentation being almost identi si,
though more closely approaching the suture at apex, but differing gr tly
in the narrower, more elongate and parallel and much less oval formm of
body, and also in the sparser and very much feebler punctuation of Æ-he
under surface. Spiculinota, Fail, belongs to the ¢-ocu/ata series, as do
also the two following :
Hi. fidelis, n. sp.—Form slightly more broadly oval, convex, polishm ad,
black ; head black (9 }), the pronotum with a similar lateral pale marg Æ 73
elytra similarly rather strongly punctate, with a narrow pale lateral borcÆ “<<
which is feebly and broadly sinuate within, in basal two-thirds, a la 27 8€
subtriangular subapical spot and a discal spot twice as long as wide, @— he
centre of which is only very slightly before the middle ; under surf =<
black, the abdomen finely, sparsely punctate, the legs all pale red-brow=e™”:
the metacoxal plate not quite attaining the apex of the segment, whic | ll
fully attains in g-ocu/ata. Length, 2.3 mm.; width, 1.6 mm. Califor #& à
(Los Angeles). |
H. Bensonica, n. sp.—Still more broadly oval and a little more con, <=" :
polished, black ; head pale, except at the basal margin ( ), the pronot #—™™
with narrow parallel pale sides ; elytra sparsely but strongly punctzæ- *°
with a narrow yellow lateral border, which is strongly sinuated within == znd
extending from the base to apical third, a transversely oval subapical s g——*
and a circular discal spot at basal two-fifths, much in advance of the s #7”!
in g-oculata or notatula; abdomen more closely and strongly punctzæ- *e,
the legs blackish, except the anterior, the metacoxal plate about attaim Æ ™8
the segmental apex. Length, 2.0 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. Arizona (Bensc =m);
Nunenmacher.
In the true g-ocudata, from the middle California coast regions, tas “—"°
is normally no yellow elytral margin or spots, but occasionally there aa
two very feeble elongate streaks, at base and behind the middle. he
male has the black base of the front deeply angulate, while in the male of
notatula the black at the base is transversely truncate, except at the si ot <*
where the pale area extends further posteriorly along the eyes, in a ve” <Y
just the reverse of g-oculata. Horni, of Crotch, would appear to Be
different from -oculata and not identical, as I suggested in my Revisi <>”
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 419
for the author states that it is smaller than wr4ulata, shorter and rounder,
more finely punctate, the elytra with a straight pale margin for two-thirds,
a discal spot much nearer the base even than in that species and a
triangular subapical spot. LeConte stated that it was a synonym of
lateralis, but that is even more unlikely.
HT. Octavia, n. sp.—Form nearly as in unzdwata but sensibly more
broadly oval, more polished, deep black ; head and pronotum (T, ?)
almost similar, the latter more transverse ; elytra more sparsely but more
coarsely punctate, the punctures more impressed, each with three rather
small and rounded, widely separated yellow spots along the sides, and one,
discal and rounded, evidently before the middle. Length, 2.25-2.5 mm.;
width, 1.6—1.8 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).
Related to undulata but differing in its more polished surface,
coarser punctures, small, rounded, widely separated marginal spots, which
never have any tendency to coalesce, in having the outer limit of the
post-coxal arcs more distant from the abdominal side margin and the
greater part of the mes-episterna pale in colour in the male, and not black
throughout as in the male of undulata.
ÆH. filiola, n. sp.—Elongate-oval, only moderately convex, obtuse
before and behind, black, rather shining, the head alutaceous, the
punctures rather strong and impressed but only moderately close-set; head
and pronotum black throughout (9); elytra with yellow side margin
subequally wide throughout, bisinuate within, the apical part but little
dilated, receding from the edge, nearly attaining the suture, and making
an angle of about 100° with the part before it; each also with an elongate
yellow spot, rather small in size, extending from three-sevenths to three-
fifths of the length, and from inner two-sevenths not quite to the median
line ; under surface blackish, the tibiæ and tarsi paler. Length, 2.1 mm.;
width, 1.1 mm. Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher.
This small but distinct species may be placed near paludicola.
HT. revocans, n. sp.—Very small, rather broadly oval, broadly obtuse
behind, shining, black, wholly glabrous ; head and sides and apex of the
pronotum rather broadly yellow (4), the latter finely punctulate ; elytra
virtually impunctate, the punctures very minute, only visible under high
power, the side margins from base to apical third, moderately sinuate
within, and on each a large subapical transversely oval spot and a broad
discal vitta, somewhat sinuate on each of its sides, from the scutellum
420 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
. obliquely backward to a little beyond the middle near inner th = Ird,
yellowish-white ; under surface piceous, the abdomen rather closely — ——<1nd
strongly though finely punctate. Length, 1.4mm.; width, 1.1 mm. US" tah
(St. George), Wickham.
This is a wholly isolated species, somewhat remindful at first of athe
genus Hyperaspidius ; 1t may ‘be placed just before annexa in the list out
has no affinity with that species. The tarsal claws are obtusely swo ME Men
internally at base.
A. tetraneura, n. sp.—Nearly as in ¢-vittata, though very slig#æ tly
more broadly oval and decidedly less convex, similarly rather stror= #1"
and closely punctate, black, polished ; head black; pronotum (9?) bla Æ—K:
with a very narrow, not very abruptly pale side margin; elytra ve Æth
the side margin evenly and very narrowly pale to but little beyond t #70
thirds, each also with a similarly narrow even pale oblique vitta from bzw =="!
sixth, slightly beyond the median line, to apical fifth at inner th 2 ad.
Length, 2.3 mm.; width, 1.45 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.).
Resembles 4-zr{tata, but differs in the abruptly abbreviated and m =
narrower vittæ, more finely and sparsely punctate abdomen, and, es 3"
cially, in the much more narrowly rounded post-coxal arcs, which scara= |;
attain the first suture, along which they are contiguous for some dista = 4°
in g-vittata.
The species described by Mr. Schaeffer (1. c., p. 143) as Hypera SP"
trifurcata, 1s strongly remindful, in its form and general scheme oi
ornamentation, of a species published by me under the name Æypeæ —*
pidius insignis, and I would therefore advise a closer scrutiny of its gen == ™
characters. ‘The species, though, 1s doubtless different.
Hyperaspidius, Cr.
The species described by LeConte under the name viftigera is mot
by any means the same as the Mexican ¢rimracu/atus, Linn., as becom = '°
apparent at once on reading Mulsant’s description of the latter. he
species should therefore be known under LeConte’s name, vittig ——"
(= trimaculatus, Cr., nec Linn.).
A. pallescens, n. sp.— Broadly oblong, very obtuse at apex, modera %%Æ <ly
convex, polished; head and pronotum ( 9 ) rufo-testaceous, the latter sut mo
punctate, with a narrow yellowish-white side margin ; elytra rather fir-—™, <y
and sparsely but strongly and evenly punctate, smooth, pale redd al
brown, the basal and lateral margins, retreating from the edge posteria==" =
and not quite attaining the suture at apex, whitish, the basal st =P
prolonged posteriorly, near the suture, touching or feebly joining thea
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 421
of the marginal stripe ; legs pale. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, 1.0 mm.
Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher.
Allied to vittigera but smoother, more broadly oblong and differing
in colour. The prothorax is but little narrower than the elytra and two
and one-half times as wide as its greatest length. The species from El
Paso, which I identified as ¢rimaculatus, Linn. (Rev., p. 130), is as fullows :
Hf. oblongus, n. sp. —( =trimaculatus, Csy., nec Linn.).— Differs greatly
from wittigera, Lec., in the ornamentation of the male pronotum, which is
said to be yellow, with a large basal black spot anteriorly lobed and
extending beyond the middle in that species, according to Crotch (Rev.,
p. 232). It occurs in Missouri.
A REMARKABLE CECIDOMYIID FLY.
BY T. D. A COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.
On Sept. 24, 1908, as I was walking down Seventeenth St, Boulder,
Colorado, I noticed a very singular fly upon the pavement. At first sight
I thought it might be a small Bibionid of some sort, but when I had it in
the bottle, I was delighted to find that it was a most peculiar Cecidomyiid.
It is one of the Hormomyia group, the first to be recorded from the West.
I describe it as a Hormomyia, though its peculiar characters may eventu-
ally entitle it to a separate generic name.
fflormomyta coloradensts, n. Sp.
3 .—Length, 544 mm.; wings almost 6 ; thorax blood-red, so arched
over head that the latter is quite invisible from above, and only the eyes
can be seen from an angle of about 45° in front; dorsum of thorax with
short scanty black hair ; head pale ; antenne dark, at first sight appearing
26-jointed, but really 14-jointed, the joints after the first two being divided
into a basal swelling and an apical
double swelling, each of the three
swellings (counting the apical as
two) ornamented with small white
loops, while the lowest and highest
tans, each emit many long black bristles ;
all this being exactly as Xy/odiplosts
é precox (Bull. Soc. Ent., France,
Fic. 19.—Base of wing and male antennal 1895, p. cxil), except that the long
joints of Hormomyia. . ,
bristles are much longer, being
much more than twice the length of the loops ; wings strongly dusky, with
much dark hair and a conspicuous dark fringe; legs very thick, almost
November, 1908
422 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
spider-like, dark reddish, with short black hair; coxæ and trochanters sm rej
first tarsal joint very short, second long; claws slender, simple ; abdom——____=nen
shining red-brown, except first segment, which is pale reddish ; segm Ents
2 to 6 each with four transverse red spots, the midmost pair more ba=====msad
than the others ; sides and under surface of abdomen with black kum air;
claspers very small.
The venation is in general like that of typical Hormomyia (Williss aon,
N. A. Dipt., 3rd Ed., p. rrg, f. 4), except that the third vein does not tk nd
down so much apically, while the lower branch of the fifth bends di <æm
more, entering the margin practically at right angles. There is, howe=> "tr,
a much more remarkable character; the third vein is continued str = ht
to the base of the fifth (it is reddish and very distinct), and the little ce —a55-
vein to the first, which is supposed to be the real beginning of the thir-e@73 "5
totally absent.* There is a little vein leaving the first just above — the
origin of the third from the fifth, continuing a short distance oblig +2 *<
downward and éasad, and failing to connect with anything. I I» 2"
examined the specimen over and over again with the lens and compc> wand
microscope, and there is no doubt about the structures. This afforect =, |
think, a strong argument in favour of the view that the third vein is the
real media (as I have suggested in my studies of Nemestrinidæ), the
so-called cross-vein being part of it. According to this view, the cond a € 1”
found in Sciara, various Cecidomyiidæ, etc., is genuinely primitive, as “<*
further investigation of these types may be expected to yield signifa <=> 3"
results.
NOTES ON THE GENUS S/7ARIDA, WHITE.
BY F. CREIGHTON WELLMAN, M. D., F, E. S., WASHINGTON, D. C-
The Australian Meloid genus Sifarida was founded by White "
1846 on Sitarida Hopei, a new species described by himself. The t pe
from New Holland, was a single 2, which is still in the British Muse iy
In 1863 Pascoe erected the genus Goctymes for the reception of his ne a
described Goetymes flavicornis, from Port Stephens, represented by”
single { specimen (type), also in the British Museum.
on
"On one side only there is a thin colourless line, no thicker than the hairs wt
the same part of the wing, passing from the first vein to the third. It seems #7 rs
to be a rudiment of a vein. At the base there is a thin colourless thread passe,
from the first to the third, touching the tip of the broken vein and ending a itt#
before the forking of the third and fifth.
November, 1908
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 423
The only real differential character given by Pascoe for the separation
of Goetymes from Sitarida is indicated in the following words: “ The
nearest ally of this genus is Sifarida White, from which, infer alia, it
differs, as it does from every other of the family, in its flabellate antennæ.”
It need hardly be pointed out that the above-mentioned difference is
nothing more than a sexual dimorphism, and a comparison of the types of
the two genera has convinced me that they not only belong to the same
genus, but that they probably even represent the sexes of one species. I
am the more encouraged in this idea by finding while looking through the
literature that Mr. Waterhouse has apparently held the same view, as Beau-
regard (Les Jans. Vés., p. 407) writes: ‘“ M. Waterhouse m'a dit qu'il avait
des raisons de croire que Sifarida et Goetymes ne sont que le 4 et la 9
d’une méme espéce.” The differences in the antennal structures of the
Specimens examined by me may be given in Pascoe’s own words, as
follows: ‘In both they are 11-jointed ; but in Sétarvida' the first four are
simple, while each of the remaining seven throws out laterally and at the
base a short square lamina, this portion of the antenna being, in fact,
pectinate. In Goetymes* the first three joints only are simple, the
remainder being drawn out into long laminæ, closely applied to each other
at the base, and forming a com'act mass when at rest.” The other
differences relate chiefly to the size and colour of the specimens, with the
exception that the thorax in the @ is (as would quite be expected) some-
what more coarsely punctured than in the 4. It may be added that the
examination of the single specimens in the British Museum shows that
both have simple claws, a character not elsewhere met in the family except
in Hornia.’
Two additional forms, both of them evidently distinct, have been
described, and, treating White’s and Pascoe’s species for the time being as
separable, the list of species now stands as follows :
Genus—Sifarida, White, Stoke’s Discov. in Austral., I,
1846, p. 508.
Goetymes, Pascoe, Journ. Ent., II, 1853, p. 47.
1. The female.
2. The male.
3. Westwood's statement (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.. 1875, p. 226), that his
genus Deridea has simple claws, is a mistake ; the claws, while very small, are
of the usual Meloid type, as may be seen under the low power of a compound
microscope.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
1. Hopei, White, loc. cit., p. 508, tab. 2, fig. 2, 9 ( Sitarida).
New Holland.
pecies, black, head convex, strongly rounded in front, coarsely
horax subtrigonate, sides slightly rounded, coarsely punctured,
farsi short
lornis, Pasc., loc. cit, p. 48, tab. 2, fig. 5, ¢ (Goctymes), Port
phens.
than preceding, pale fulvous, head and thorax more finely
e latter with a cruciform impression on disk.
es, Blackburn, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral, XXIII, 1899, p.
3 (Goetymes), Melbourne.
le length of Hopei, black, head and thorax closely and rather
biulate, the latter transverse, canaliculate, elytra light brown,
i yellow,
Champion, Trans. E
nt, Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 274, tab. 6,
11, 9! (Sitarida ), Hobart (Tasmania),
preceding, head and thorax clos
y punctate (but
barsely so, and occiput almost smooth), vertex broadly and
1, subtruncate at summit, thorax strongly transverse, with
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 425
THE RHOPALOCERA OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY,
CALIFORNIA.
BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIF.
Santa Clara County borders on the Bay of San Francisco, extending
back therefrom through the Santa Clara Valley to the Santa Cruz
Mountains, which perhaps average 2,500 ft. in altitude. Owing to the
diversity of the topography, many species are found to be very locally
confined. For instance, Geides gorgon is but rarely met with in the
valley, its habitat being on the hot, dry hillsides where Æriozonum thrives.
The home of the Argynnids is on the highest ridges, and they are seldom
seen elsewhere. To the bay region no species are strictly confined, but
some of the Lycenida and Hesperide are more abundant there than else-
where. Along the inner sloughs, where Sa/x occurs, a few species, such
as Papilio rutulus and eurymedon, Bastlarchia Lorquinit and Limenitis
Bredowii, var. californica, which have willow or oak for their food-plant,
are common. In the valley proper a great majority of the species occur.
There is a sharp distinction in the faunal aspects, although only a few
hundred feet difference in altitude between the valley and the foothills.
In the hills, Wémulus and Castileja furnish food for the ZLemonirds, which
fly in countless numbers. Many species of Lycenide have for their food-
plants Lupinus, Æsculus and Æosackia, which occur everywhere in the
hills. To the mountain region a number of species, such as CArysobia
mormo, Habrodias grunus and others, are confined. Thus, one might
collect here for years and then not have taken all the species. This
localization can be accounted for directly by the range of the food-plants.
In the open fields of the valley, Euch/oé sara and ausonides are common,
flying about Brassica, their food-plant. Ascending into the hills,
ausonides becomes rarer and higher up is never met with. Sara, on the
other hand, flies almost everywhere, but I am quite positive that in the
hills it has a different food-plant, as mustard is “few and far between,” and
sara is often found far away from it. I might say here that I do not
believe in deterinining species by the localities from which they come. It
should be remembered that butterflies, like other insects, must be allowed
some variation which the effects of climate, etc., Impose upon them. In
some of our genera, particularly Argynnis and Lemonias, which have
many western species, a large number of these so-called species will prove
but geographical forms of others. Lepidopterists distinguish between
Lemonias Wrightit and /eanira because one is from Southern California
and the other from farther north. If a $ Wrightiu (from Los Angeles)
anda 4 /eanira (from San Francisco) should meet, I am sure they would
November, 1908
426 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
never take each other for foreigners. In fact, in a long series of specimens
from either locality you might pick out “types” of either form, and besides
find a couple of ‘‘new” species. The value and necessity of western local ©
lists is thus shown. The sooner we know better the range, etc., of some
of these doubtful species, the sooner we shall be able to place them
correctly in our catalogues. The following list is, I think, quite complete,
except in the Hesperida, to which I hope to make numerous additions.
Iam deeply indebted for various notes and favours to Mr. J- ©:
Grundel, of Alma; Mr. F. X. Williams, of San Francisco ; Mr. Ford wc
Grinnell, jr., of Pasadena, and Mr. E. J. Newcomer, of Palo Alto.
PAPILIONIDÆ.
Papilio eurymedon, Boisd.—The commonest of the genus here, fly = ng
from April to July. The food-plant is Rhamnus californicus.
Papilio rutulus, Boisd.—Not as abundant as eurymedon. The us ual
food-plant is Sa/ix, but also Rudus and Magnolia. May to September -
Papilio zolicaon, Boisd.—Fairly common from May to Novena Et
The larva feeds on Umbellifere, particularly Feniculum vulgaris.
Papilio polyxenes, Fab.—Probably the variety asteroides, Reakirt - I
have not seen it, but itis reported to be common at Santa Clara. “Whe
larval food-plant is probably Daucus carota.
Laertias philenor, Linn.— Rare. It has been takenin February zand
September. The larva, as in the east, feeds on the Dutchman’s E~ 1P€
(Aristolchia serpentaria), which is very rare in this county.
PIERIDÆ.
Pontia occidentalis, Reak.—Common everywhere in the valley. “Whe
variety ca/yce, Edw., is the cold-weather form.
Pontia protodice, Boisd.—Rare. Protodice is the southern repres€™
tative of occidentalis, and this is about the northern limit of its range. “2 he
variety verna/is, Edw., is the cold-weather form, appearing in late wit? ter
and spring. ;
Pontia napi, Linn.—The varieties venosa, Scudder, and castor” 7%
Reakirt, are not rare in the lower foothills, where their food-plant growS—
Pontia rape, Linn.—Superabundant everywhere, except in the hig Fa
mountains, where it is rarely met with. _
Euchloé ausonides, Boisd.—One of our earliest species, appear * rv
sometimes as early as February. The life-history was described in * .
May ‘Entomological News” by Mr. E. J. Newcomer and myself. -
Euchloé sara, Boisd., and Reakirtii, Edw.—Also common and ea € Y-
Reakirtit is the spring and sara the summer form. The larval habits ZATS
much similar to those of ausonides.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 427
Zerene eurydice, Boisd.—Not common. It is abundant to the north
in Marin and Sonoma counties, where its food-plant, Amorpha californica,
is found.
Eurymus curytheme, Boisd., and varieties ariadne, Edw., and
keewaydin, Edw.—Very common everywhere, especially flying about the
flowers of Brassica, Radix and alfalfa.
NYMPHALIDÆ.
Agraulis vanille.—Very rare. I have taken but a single specimen,
in late August. The larva feeds on Zassiffore, the Passion vines.
Argynnis coronts, Behr.—Common throughout California. In this
county it appears toward the end of May, sometimes earlier, and is also
found on the wing in August and September. Like the other local
Argynnids, except, perhaps, ca/lippe, it flies almost altogether in the
mountains, about the flowers of the wild tansy, which grows on the dry
hillsides. The larva feeds on wild violet.
Argynnis liliana, Hy. Edw.—Ziliana is intermediate between
callippe and coronis, partaking of the characters of both. It is not at all
rare in the Santa Cruz Mountains, emerging towards the middle of June
and flying about the flowers of the wild tansy. Food-plant wild violet.
Argynnis callippe, Boisd.—This species is the most common one in
the lower foothills and valleys. I have seen quite a number in early fall
about the sloughs of the marshes near the bay. There is but one genera-
tion, the imagines emerging in June and July. As with our other local
species of this genus, the food-plant is véo/a.
Argynnis adiaste, Behr.—The habits of adsaste are much similar to
those of the preceding species. It usually appears about the end of June,
but this year I took many fine specimens the last day of May. Females
were also quite common this year, whereas they are ordinarily quite rare.
Adiaste is very limited, only occurring, so far as known to me, from San
Francisco (San Francisco County) to Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz County), a
distance of about eighty miles.
Argynnis egleis, Boisd.—I have not seen this species, but Mr.
Grundel tells me it is not rare at Mt. Hamilton in early July.
Brenthis epithore, Boisd.—Æpithore files in the open patches near
shaded woods, where its food-plant, véo/a, is found. I have never seen it
in the lower hills or valleys.
Lemonias chalcedon, Dbl. and Hew.—Very abundant and variable.
The larva feeds on a variety of plants, more especially AZimulus, Castileja,
and occasionally Rosa. Last summer I saw a curious female aberration
428 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
in the collection of Mr. J. C. Grundel, and as he has taken another simi_ “War
one this season, I consider it sufficiently constant to be worthy of a nar— re.
Lemonias chalcedon aberr., Grundeli aberr., nov.— 9. On primamme=—— ies
the spots are produced into long bars, which are arranged more or Mix «ess
regularly into three series, the outer two somewhat rounded ; very le ~—smmtle
red, except on outer margin. On secondaries the markings are jn he
shape of long yellowish bars, eight in number ; a very fine marginal bore=Æ er.
Beneath, on primaries the markings are repeated apically, as in typ» mm Cal
specimens. On the secondaries the bars are repeated and are bro B==en
centrally by an irregular ferruginous band ; base ferruginous, with sev <== ral
black patches. Expanse, 2.10 inches. Cathran Gulch, Wright’s Stat = en,
Calif. May 17, 1902. ‘The ornamentation above resembles that of
Lemonias Hoffmanni aberr., mirabilis, Wright (Butt. West Coast, pl 2,
fig. 184 and b). The specimen taken this year is somewhat smaller, am 0d
the black basal area of the upper wings is produced further exterio = JV.
Otherwise it 1s much similar.
Lemonias palla, Boisd.—Plentiful in the canons. It is dimorp Fame,
two forms of females being found, one a foxy-reddish colour and the ot ME7E¢r
blackish. All intergradations may be found. Æremita, Wright, =a nd
sabina, Wright, are females of pa//a. This species is confined more '0
the foothills, like /eantra, and unlike chalcedon, does not occur in “whe
valley. The known food-plants are Castileja and Plantago.
Thessalia leanira, Boisd. Not uncommon. Specimens vary gree =m!)
in size, from 1.40-2.00 inches. ‘The variety obso/eta, Hy. Edw., “vas
described from San Rafael, in Marin County, and probably occurs Fa <=".
Nothing is known of the preparatory stages.
Phyciodes pratensis, Behr.—Quite plentiful. May be found in ma %-"
bers about puddles in early summer. The larva feeds on Carduus.
Lhyctodes mylitta, Edw. -Much rarer than pratensts. The food-~=> “Mant
is the same as the preceding.
Folygonia satyrus, Edw.—This ts our commonest angle-wing,
may be found flying a greater part of the year.
Polysonta satyrus, var. marsyas, Edw.—A darker form than saty~ as
which I take to be the variety warsyas, is much rarer than the light te"
The food-plant of this and the preceding is nettles.
and
. , . ades
Lolyzonta sephyrus, Edw.—May be found sparingly along roads an
and open spots in the canons where water is found. Wright, in his Bu = sis
flies of the West Coast, states that “the larval food-plant of all Grp"
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 429
nettles,” but the larva of sephyrus, as is well known, feeds on Azalea
occidentalis and the elm, hop-vine and various species of the Grossu/acee,
furnish food for other species.
Eugonia californica, Boisd.—Flies in the mountains where its food-
plant, Ceanothus, is found. Seldom seen in the valley. It appears to
have been plentiful in the past, but has since become quite rare.
Euvanessa antiopa, Linn.—The “mourning cloak” practically flies
here the year round, as it often comes out of its hibernation on warm days.
The variety Aygi@a, Heyd., has been reported from San Jose.
Vanessa atalanta, Linn.—Abundant, its habits being similar to those
of the preceding.
Vanessa huntera, Fabr.—Not so common. Until this season I had
only seen one specimen, but I found it abundant enough on dry hillsides
flitting about various flowers. .
Vanessa cardui, Linn. —Common everywhere.
Vanessa carye, Hub.—Another common species, the larva feeding
on Ma/va. I have not qbserved the aberration Muellert, Letcher.
Junonia cenia, Hub.—Always quite common. Food-plants P/antago
and Antirrhinum, preferably the latter.
Basilarchia Lorguinis, Boisd.—Plentiful in the vicinity of Sa/rx, its
food-plant.
Limenitis Bredowii, Wub., var. ca/tfornica, But).— Not rare. The
larva feeds on the young tips of Quercus, and is very similar to Basé/.
Lorquinit.
AGAPETIDE.
Cercyonis alope, Fabr., var. boopis, Behr.—Rather rare. It appears
in July.
Cercyonis charon, Edw.—Confined to the hills and mountains. Early
July.
Cenonympha californica, Dbl. and Hew.—Common.
LYMNADIDÆ.
Anosia plexippus, Linn.—Occasionally seen, but by no means
abundant. As in the east, the food-plant is Asclepias.
RIODINIDÆ.
Chrysobia mormo, Feld.—l'ound only on the dry and sandy hillsides
with its food-plant, Æriogonum. ‘The larva is nocturnal, hiding in the
daytime in the leaves and rubbish at the base of the plant, where pupation
also occurs. The female, 4rgynnid-like, sometimes drops her eggs while
on the wing.
430 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. _
ee
LYCÆNIDÆ.
Habrodias grunus, Boisd.—I have collected this species commoOo=« |}
in fall in the mountains, flying about its food-plant, Quercus chrysolee——mm is
Lieb.
Atlides halesus, Cramer.—Very rare. I have only seen one sp -_==ci.
men from this locality. The larva feeds on Phoradendron villosum, Ni_2=mmatt,
with which Quercus is badly parasitized.
Uranotes melinus, Hubn.—Appears in late June, and is t en
abundant, flying about the flowers of Brassica, Radix and others. Me
larva lives on the flower-buds of Aa/va.
Thecla sepium, Boisd.—Scarce, several specimens have been ta Essen
in the mountains in September.
Inctsalia froides, Boisd.—I have not examined specimens of ®— —his
species closely, but I have seen several specimens collected at Alma, wha Ich
I would consider as belonging to this species.
° Callophrys dumetorum, Boisd. (=afinis, Edw., =viridis, Edw. >
Not rare in the foothills from April to May. The larva feeds on the bb e=—ds
of Hosackia.
Tharsalea arota, Boisd.—Arofa flies in the mountains in late J à ne
about the flowers of Ceanothus. ‘The larva feeds on Ribes.
Geides xanthoides, Boisd.—Sparingly found in June and July on “the
blossoms of Brassica.
Geides editha, Mead.—Occasionally seen, but not at all common -
Geides gorgon, Boisd.—Rather common in the mountains in “the
vicinity of its food-plant, Er/ogonum. The habits of the larva are qe ©"
similar to those of Chrysobia mormo. The imagoes emerge, as a ru =» "
early June, and the females are quite scarce.
Epidemta helloides, Boisd.—Quite common everywhere. ru à
food-plant is Polygonum aviculare and others of that genus.
Cupido icariodes, Boisd.—Not rare in early spring in the footi-æ =,
flying about Lupinus, upon which the larva feeds.
Nomiades antiacis, Boisd., var. Bekrii, Edw.—Usually not unc a"
mon in the valley, flying from May to November. The food-plam x
Lupinus of several species. elf,
Philotes sonorensis, Feld.—This species I have not met with ny.
but Mr. Grundel has taken two at Alma, both in February. W. a
Wright (Butt. West Coast) gives Gilroy, in this county, as the exten |,
its northern range, and I believe it has been collected there by a-—_—
collectors.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 431
Rusticus acmon, Boisd.—Abundant in spring and fall. The larva
feeds on Hosackia. This species is much given to variation, and I think
good series from various localities would show that a number of so-called
species are but forms of this. |
Cyaniris ladon, Cramer, var. piasus, Boisd.—This is one of the
earliest and commonest butterflies in California, where it replaces the
Atlantic /adon (pseudargiolus, Boisd. and Lec.). The caterpillar feeds on
the flowers of the California Buckeye { Æsculus californicus). Feb. to July.
Everes amyntula, Boisd.—Common in May and June. Frequents
the flowers of Æscu/us, which is most probably the food-plant.
Brephidium exilis, Boisd.--Abundant, except in the hills, from May
to June. The food-plant is Atriplex.
HESPERIIDÆ.
Anthomaster agricola, Boisd.—Rather common on flowers in August
and September. .
Anthomaster pratincola, Boisd. (?)—Several specimens taken at Black
Mountain in September and October appear to belong to this species.
Hylephila campestris, Boisd.—Not rare in early fall.
Polites sabuleti, Boisd.—Flies from May to September.
Phycanassa melane, Edw.—May to October. Not common.
Thanaos propertius, Lint.—Flies in early April and May quite
abundantly.
Thanaos clitus, Edw. —Common. Iam in doubt as to the correct
identification of this and the preceding.
Hesperia ericetorum, Boisd.—Rare. I have seen but a single speci-
men taken in this county.
Hesperia tessellata, Scudder.—Common everywhere. The fact that
the life-history of fesse//ata has been fully described by French in his
Butterflies of the Eastern United States (Supp., p. 404), appears to be
overlooked. In this locality the larva feeds on Malva borealis, and I
have found eggs, pupæ and larvæ in all stages. Much irregularity is
exhibited. On October 14th I observed a female ovipositing, and col-
lected a number of eggs. Two eggs hatched October 18th, and on the
2oth two more. The remaining two did not hatch until the middle of
December. The larva emerges from the egg by eating out a round
circular hole at the apex. The pupa is formed in the leaves.
Hesperia cæspitalis, Boisd.—Occasional in the mountains, from April
to July.
432 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
MEIGEN’S FIRST PAPER ON DIPTERA.
_ Since the publication of my article in the October number, page
370-373, I have received Vol. III of Kertész's Catalogus Dipterorum,
and I notice that he accepts all of the 1800 names that come within the
limits of this volume, five in number. I also have received the September
number of the Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, in which Dr. Bezzi reviews
Kertész’s third volume. He makes the remarkable admission that the
rules of the International Zoological Congress perhaps do not justify the
"use of the 1800 names, but at the same time praises Kertész for adopting
them. As the admission 1s fatal to the case built up by Hendel and Bezzi
(with the present co-operation of Kertész), I deem it advisable to quote
his exact language (Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXVII, 252):
‘In diesem Bande hat sich der Herr Verfasser streng an das
Prioritatsgesetz gehalten ; wir finden fünf Neigensche Gattungen von
1800 wieder in Gebrauch gestellt, und zwar Pofamida für Ephippum,
Hermione für Oxycera, Eulalia für Odontomyia, Erinna für Xylophagus
und Chrysozona für Haematopota. Aus demselben Grunde sind auch
Solva, Walker, für Subula (Xylomyta, Rond.), Pantophthalmus, Thunb.,
für Acanthomera und RAagio {ür Leptis gebraucht.
‘‘Ganz besonders hervorzuheben ist die richtige Nomenklatur,
welche, wenn auch nicht immer den neuen internationalen Regeln
entsprechend, jedenfalls mit den klassischen Grundsatzen der Wissen-
schaft übereinstimmend ist.”
As I showed last month, it was Dr. Bezzi and Mr. Hendel together
who worked up the 1800 paper of Meigen ; we now have the feeble sug-
gestion of one of them that their proposed names, “even if not entirely in
agreement with the new International rules, are, at any rate, in harmony
with-the classic principles of science.”
I surely need not pursue the subject further.
J. M. ALpricH, Moscow, Idaho, Oct. 10, 1908.
A CORRECTION.
On page 349 of this volume, the expanse of wings of Argyroploce
abtetana, n. s., should have been given, 11-13 mm. and not 21-23 mm.
C. H. FERNALD.
Mailed November 3rd, 1908.
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‘ CONTENTS !
The late Dr. James Fletcher (Portrait)... .... ... eee eee eee) 44
The late Dr. Willam H. Ashmead... ...... RE EC
The late John A. Balkwill... . . dus eo voue ee 438
Entomological Society of Ontario, Annual Meeting 2. .... |. er o>) |
Morris—Some Beetle Haunts by an Amateur Botanist . . a EL
Walker —kKey to the N. American Species of Aeshra (conciuded! se
Kirkaldy—Tuo new genera of Oriental Hemipters ; ts.
Macyillivray—New genous and species wi Blenu unmaur 154
Entomological Soviets of Ontario and Montreal Brant . 153
Coquillett Meigen’s First Paper on DN pteri . $87
Crosby. Notes on Metapelina spectabhis 7 139
Bovk Notice: Kellouyg's Tosect Stories. . FLE
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EDITED BY
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REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE,
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DECEMBER, 1908. |
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Can, ENT, Vor. XL. PLATE Il
DR. JAMES FLETCHER.
The Ganaitiay Vintomologist
VoL. XL. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1908. No. 12.
DR. JAMES FLETCHER.
It is with the most profound regret that we record the death of our very
dear friend, Dr. James Fletcher, which occurred on Sunday morning, Nov,
Sth. For the last two years his health had not been entirely satisfactory,
-and for more than a twelvemonth he had been troubled more or less with
an internal hemorrhage, which caused him much inconvenience and
discomfort at times, but which he did not regard as particularly serious.
His cheery habit of mind caused him to treat lightly symptoms which
would, in most cases, have excited much alarm. In the middle of
September he went out to British Columbia on his annual visit, and was
absent from home for about six weeks. On his return his colleagues
noticed that he had not benefited as much as usual by the trip, and that
his appearance was by no means robust. But with characteristic energy
he at once set to work to make the arrangements for the Annual Meeting
of the Entomological Society of Canada, which he desired should be one
of the most successful in its history. As President for the second year in
succession he expected to retire from office, but fully counted upon being
present at Guelph and occupying the chair at the various sessions which
were held on Nov. sth and 6th. During the preceding week, however, he
wrote saying that he was going to Montreal to consult a specialist, and
might after all be unable to attend. He went down on Saturday, the 31st
of October, and was at once sent to the Royal Victoria Hospital, there to
prepare for an operation. To the writer he sent a letter the following day,
expressing his great disappointment at being laid up and prevented from
coming to Guelph, but full of confidence in the wonderful power of modern
surgery, and with apparently no fears 2s to the result. The operation
took place on the following Saturday, but he failed, owing to his weak
condition, to rally from it, and the next morning he died. The operation
revealed that he had been suffering for some time from a malignant
tumour, which had sapped his vitality, and would very soon, in any case,
have brought his life toa close. Up to the end he was cheerful and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
bg, free from despondency or anxiety about himself and full
ly optimism which had always been one of his charming
n ever made so many loving friends in all walks of life ; every
o know him could not fail to become warmly attached to
are many sad hearts grieving at his loss all over the
f Canada, and many, too, in widely-scattered places in the
s, Old and young, rich or poor, learned or ignorant, children
ers, it made no difference—he had a kindly word for each
ost can treasure in their memories a kindly deed as well.
dressed a meeting he captivated his audience at once, and
led an excursion of nature students all were eager to be with
in from him some of the secrets of the woods and fields that
yell. We shall not see his like again, but we may all feel
vod for us to have known him—his memory will long live in
is noble words and generous deeds will be happy recollec:
come
her was born at Ashe, in the County of Kent, England,
He educated at King’s School, Rochester,
Canada in 1854 to fill the position of a clerk in the Bank of
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 435
magazine appeared in January, 1880. During all the years that have
followed, no volume of either publication has been issued without some
valuable articles from his pen.
In 1879 he was one of the originators of the Ottawa Field Naturalists’
Club, the most successful society of the kind in the Dominion, and more
recently he suggested, and by his energy and influence accomplished, the
formation of the important Association of Economic Entomologists of
North America, of which he was elected President in 1892. He was also
one of the orginal Fellows of the recently-formed Entomological Society
of America, and was First Vice-President last year. In 1886 he became
a Fellow of the Linnzan Society of London, and in 1896 he received the
degree of LL.D., Honorts causa, from Queen’s University.
In 1885 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada ; in
1895 he became President of Section 1V, which is devoted to Geological
and Biological Sciences. For many years he was Honorary Treasurer
of the Saciety, and for the last two years Honorary Secretary. ‘To the
Transactions of the Royal Society he contributed the following papers :
Presidential Address, 1895, on Practical Entomology ; Recent Additions
to the List of Injurious Insects of Canada, 1899; The Value of Nature
Study in Education, 1901; Descriptions of Some New Species and
Varieties of Canadian Butterflies, 1903 ; Notes on the.Preparatory Stages
of Some Species of Canadian Lepidoptera, 1907.
A list of his contributions to scientific and agricultural journals would
occupy many pages, if such a list could be completely carried out. His
most valuable publications were his annual reports on the work of his
department at the Central Experimental Farm and the Bulletins in con-
nection with it, in which he gave accurate detailed descriptions of a very
large number of injurious insects, and also his papers in the annual reports
to the Legislature of the Entomological Society of Ontario. Two years
ago he completed an admirable work on the Farm Weeds of Canada,
containing descriptions of all the most important weeds that are a trouble
to agriculturalists throughout the Dominion ; a handsome quarto volume,
illustrated with 56 beautiful coloured plates.
Not only with his pen, however, did he perform useful work, but with
his voice as well. He was in great demand as a public speaker at
‘ Agricultural, Horticultural and Fruit-growers’ conventions, meetings of
Farmers’ Institutes and other gatherings. On these occasions he at once
secured the attention of his audience, and charmed them with his graceful
436 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
language and lively humour. No one else, indeed, has done so much for
Canada in instructing the people in a practical knowledge of their worst
insect foes and the best methods of dealing with them. His work has
thus been of vast importance, not only to those directly interested in the
products of the soil, but indirectly to all the dwellers within the domains
of this wide Dominion.
Though so fully occupied with scientific work, he yet found time for
* otner things. He was one of the most efficient members of St. Luke’s
Hospital Board; for many years lay-reader and superintendent of the
Sunday School in Holy Trinity Church, Archville, a suburb of Ottawa,
and an active member of the St. Andrew’s Brotherhood. His religous life
as a devout son of the Church of England was known, perhaps, to but few
amongst his intimate friends, though manifested in many ways through
his goodness of heart ; he lived and died an earnest God-fearing man,
devout and upright, filled with unobtrusive piety, a sincere Christian
indeed, “in whom was no guile.”
While we deplore the loss that we all feel we have individually
sustained, we desire to express to his sorrowing family, Mrs. Fletcher and
her two daughters, the deepest sympathy with them in their sad bereave-
ment. ‘To them the loss is beyond all words, but it may afford them a
ray of comfort to know that he whom now they mourn was so widely
beloved, admired and respected, and that so many friends share in their
grief and are filled with sorrow for him who ts gone.
C. J. S. BETHUNE.
Dr. L. O. Howarp, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology in the
Department of Agriculture at Washington, a friend of many years’ stand-
ing, writes as follows :
“Dr. Fletcher’s services to his country were great. He had a
wonderful grasp of a very broad field in entomology, and was one of the
best-informed men of his time on the intricate and manifold aspects of
economic entomology. His reports were sound and practical, and as a
public speaker before assemblages of agriculturalists and horticulturists
he was unexcel'ed. His address years ago before the National Geographic
Society in Washington, on the Canadian Northwest, was one of the most
perfect lectures I ever heard. He was known, admired and loved ail
through the States. I fact, I have never known a man who had so many
absolutely devoted friends as Dr. Fletcher. His energy, his enthusiasm, his
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 437
absorbing interest in everything that lives and grows, his warm heart, his
cheeriness, his perfect lack of even a suspicion of egotism, attracted every
one who knew him, and bound them to him in friendship, and even love,
forever. Here in Washington among the entomologists and others there
are many sad hearts to-day.”
DR. WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD.
On the 17th of October, Dr. William Harris Ashmead died in Wash-
ington, D. C., aged 53 years. For more than a year he was in such
an unsatisfactory state of health that his recovery appeared impossible,
and it was therefore no surprise to learn that the end had at last arrived.
His breakdown in the midst of a career of scientific usefulness was
evidently brought about by overwork ; he devoted himself with such
intensity to the study of the Hymenoptera and the publication of the
results that he gave himself no rest, and literally wore himself out, to the
grief and distress of his family and many friends.
For close upon thirty years he was a constant contributor to the pages
of this magaz'ze, his first articles on insects affecting the orange having
appeared in 1879. At that time he lived in Jacksonville, Florida, where
he was engaged in the publishing business, which included the issue of a
daily paper and a weekly agricultural journal. He was naturally much
interested in the production of oranges, and his attention thus became
drawn to the insects injuring the trees and fruit, and those parasitic forms
that somewhat kept them in check. His work was so thorough that he
was made a field entomologist for the United States Department of
Agriculture in 1887, and began his career as a professional entomologist.
In 1890 he went to Germany and studied for some time in Berlin,
thus becoming qualified for the performance of scientific work of a high
character. In July, 1897, he was appointed a Curator of the Department
of Insects in the U. S. National Museum at Washington, and continued
to hold the position till incapacitated by illness.
In October, 1904, he was elected an honorary member of the Ento-
mological Society of Ontario in recognition of his eminence in the science
and the valuable contributions that he so constantly made to the pages of
the CANADIAN ENToMoLoGist. His studies were devoted to the Hymen-
optera, and he published many systematic papers on various superfamilies
in the order and described a large number of genera and species. His
work was of such a high character that it is regarded as authoritative, and
438 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
has attracted the attention of the leading entomologists of both Europe
and America. One.of his completed works is his Monograph of the
Proctotrypidæ, a volume of nearly 500 pages, published in 1893. Most
of his papers are to be found in the Transactions of the American Ento-
mological Society of Philadelphia, and in this magazine.. on
He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the
Western University of Pennsylvania, and was the recipient of many
distinctions from various Entomological Societies. Personally he was
esteemed and beloved by all who knew him, and there are many who now
deplore his loss. , C. J. S B.
JOHN A. BALKWILL.
Another death that it falls to our lot to record 1s that of our worthy
friend, Mr. John A. Balkwill, Director for the London District, and for
several years the efficient Treasurer of the Entomological Society of
Ontario. After a few weeks of severe illness, he died at his residence in
London on the 1oth of October last, esteemed and respected by all who
knew him. For a great many years he was an active member of the
Society, and did a great deal to maintain the interest and enthusiasm of
his colleagues in the study of Botany and Entomology and the use of the
microscope. He was also particularly devoted to the cultivation of
flowers, and became the first President of the local Horticultural Society,
and continued a member of its directorate. In recognition of his valued
assistance, Mr. C. S. Sargent, in his recent Monograph of the genus
Cratægus in Ontario, named a new species, Crategus Balkwilli, after him.
It is a handsome tree found growing near London. _C.J.S. B.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
The forty-fifth annual meeting of the Society was held at the Ontario
Agricultural College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, Nov. 5th and 6th.
Owing to the lamented absence of the President, Dr. Fletcher, whose
serious illness terminated in his death on the 8th inst , the chair was taken
by the Vice President, Mr. T. D. Jarvis, during the day meetings, and by
Dr. Bethune at the evening sessions. Amongst those present were: Rev.
Dr. Fyles, Levis, P. Q.; Mr. Henry H. Lyman, Montreal; Prof. Loch-
head, Macdonald College, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P. Q.; Mr. Arthur
Gibson, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa ; Mr. F. J. A. Morris, Trinity
College School, Port Hope; Dr. Wm. Brodie, Mr. C. W. Nash and
440 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Canada,” by Mr. Arthur Gibson ; “Life-history of Euchætias Oregonensis,”
by Mr. H. H. Lyman; ‘Natural Enemies of Some of the Ontario
Coccidr,” by Mr. A. Eastham ; “Parasite Work on the Gypsy and Brown-
tail Moths in Massachusetts,” by Mr. W. R. Thompson ; “The Respira-
tion of Caterpillars,” by Mr. H. H. Lyman; ‘Collecting with a Lantern
Trap,” and “Notes on the Occurrence of Lachnosterna in 1908,” by Mr.
J. D. Evans ; “Some Beetle-haunts, by an Amateur Botanist,” by Mr. F.
J. A. Morris ; ‘‘Insect Notes from Quebec Province,” ‘‘What the Fruit-
grower and Farmer Should Know About Entomology” and ‘The Straw-
berry Weevil,” by Prof. Lochhead ; “Notes on Mites,” by Mr. Jarvis ;
“The Farmer’s Wood-lot,” by Dr. Fyles ; “Present Condition of the Work
Connected with the Importation of the Foreign Parasites of the Gypsy
Moth and the Brown-tail Moth,” by Dr. L. O. Howard ; “‘Injurious Insects
in Ontario in 1908,” by Dr. Bethune. The proceedings, which were of a
more interesting character than usual, were brought to a close at 10.30 p.m.
by an informal address from President Creelman. A noteworthy feature
of the meeting was the presentation of excellent papers by three of the
senior students of the College. The whole of the papers read will be
published in full in the forthcoming Annual Report of the Society.
The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows :
President—James Fletcher, LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S., Entomologist
and Botanist of the Experimental Farms, Ottawa.
First Vice-President—Tennyson D). Jarvis, B.S.A., Lecturer in Ento-
mology and Zoology, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph.
Second Vice-Fresident—Dr. E. M. Walker, University of Toronto.
Secretary-Treasurer—J. Eaton Howitt, B.S.A., Demonstrator in
Botany, O. A. College, Guelph.
Curator—Lawson Caesar, B.A., B.S.A., Demonstrator in Entomology
and Plant Diseases, O. A. College, Guelph.
Librarian —Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R S.C., Professor
of Entomology and Zoology, O. A. College, Guelph.
Directors— Division No. 1, Arthur Gibson, Department of Ento-
mology, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa; Division No. 2, C. E.
Grant, Orillia ; Division No. 3, J. B. Williams, Toronto; Division No. 4,
C. W. Nash, Toronto; Division No. 6, KR. S. Hamilton, Collegiate
Institute, Galt. |
Auditors—Professor McCready and J. Crow, B.S A., O. A. College.
Delegate to the Royal Society— Arthur Gibson, Ottawa,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 441
“SOME BEETLE-HAUNTS,” BY AN AMATEUR BOTANIST.*
In my four seasons of collecting as a coleopterist there have been
three collecting grounds that have most attracted me: (a) Stumps and
tree-trunks ; (b) blossoms ; (c) foliage, In all three I have found a con-
siderable range of beetle-guests, and am able to record rare or interesting
finds. It is probably in the second of these three haunts that I have had
most success, but it is with the first that I intend chiefly to deal in this
paper. |
There are two conditions under which stumps make a good collect-
ing-ground ; one is when they are dead and dry, but have the bark still
covering them ; it was this condition that first drew my attention and held
it through my first season as a collector. The other condition is when
there is yet some life in the wood, so that the top of the stump bleeds. I
have found that stumps ooze sap in this way for several seasons after the
tree has been cut down. A good way to catch beetle-visitors is to scatter
some good-sized chips or lay a slat or two of wood or bark an the top.
Most beetles are active at night, and when there is a shelter of this sort,
they take cover there instead of flying away when the sun rises. Easily
the best tree for its range of beetle-visitors, as well as for total quantity, I
have found the basswood ; next to that the white pine ; then the’ maple,
the birch and the elm. Often when a stump is dry and apparently not in
a condition to attract guests, it may be made inviting if the bark is still
partly green. I have often pried up the bark with a chisel, and laid the
strips thus removed on the top of the stump ; the smell of the sap or juice
fermenting has generally lured some prizes to this bait and trap combined.
The season for collecting in this way may be said roughly to extend
from the beginning of May to the middle of July. I began collecting in
the spring of 1905, but as I went to England at the end of June I did not
make much headway that season. In 1906, however, I did a great deal
of collecting and gained quite a lot of experience. One of my first finds
was at the beginning of June, while prying the bark from a basswood
stump; I discovered something like a dozen specimens of Saperda
vestita, newly hatched and buried in the inner bark of the tree. I had
*Read at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario, Nov,
6, 1908.
December, 1908
449 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
my killing-bottle with me, but as the insects were still soft I put them into
a small tin box. Here they crawled about excitedly, squeaking (or, rather,
stridulating) when handled. On examining them after my return home, I
found they had fought in the box, two of them had their antennz nipped
off and several had been deprived of their full complement of legs. I had
not yet learned the advantage of laying the detached bits of bark on the
stumps as shelter for nocturnal visitors, and so missed a golden oppor-
tunity. However, there were a number of basswood stumps in the clear-
ing where I made my first capture, and from these I got several more
specimens.
About the last day of June in the same season, while struggling from
a tamarack swamp in which I had found a rare fern (Botrychium simplex),
I noticed a fallen and decaying trunk of elm, and on removing some bark
found it infested with a larva closely resembling that of Saperda vestita;
I took one that appeared nearly full-grown, with some of the rotton inner
bark, and succeeded in rearing it ; some three weeks later it emerged from
the pupa as the elm-borer (Saperda tridentata). I have taken only one
other specimen of this beetle ; it settled one fine Sunday night in June on
a supper-table at which I sat, a guest ; the entomologist, however, would
not be denied, and in spite of looks of outraged propriety on the part of
my fellow-guests, and some embarrassment (not mine, but my hostess’s), I
produced a cyanide bottle and captured the insect.
Early in July I went to Oliver’s Ferry on the Rideau, and in a day or
two chanced upon a spot that proved a regular treasure-house to the
young collector; it was at the side of a path through a wood of young
growth, mostly basswood and maple ; here lay a log of basswood with the
bark still on it, close by the stump from which it had been cut, and a
pile of basswood split and stacked. In the bark of the sturap and the
log I found larvæ and pupæ of the Saperda vestita; some pupæ that I
took home lived, and from two or three I secured specimens of the imago.
In the hot sunshine beetles lit on the log and on the wood-pile, and I
tried the experiment of laying detached pieces of bark on the stump, the
log and the split wood, sometimes sandwiching bits of bark between sticks
of the wood-pile. This simple contrivance of bait and trap yielded
splendid results for over a week, at the end of which time the bait was
filched by the sun drying all the moisture out. My captures comprised
an Æ/ater as large as A/aus oculatus, and dark pitchy-brown in colour;
THE CANADIAN ENLOMOLOGIST. 443
two specimens of a CAalcophora. three or four of Dicerca divaricata, and
15 of a Chrysosothris, about the size of the apple-borer (C4. femorata) ; a
dozen or more of a blackish weevil, akin to the strawberry weevil ; some
two dozen specimens of Æupsalis minuta, sexes evenly divided ; 25
specimens of Parandra brunnea, one specimen of Zragosoma Harristi,
and a beautiful specimen of the little Amphionycha flammata. This last,
Dr. Bethune tells me, has seldom, if ever, been reported from Ontario, and
it may therefore be interesting to some of you to know that I captured a
second specimen of the same beetle about three days later, sunning itself
on a leaf of basswood, within 50 yards of the first capture. It was a bright,
calm day in July when I captured the first, and very hot, with the sun
almost at its zenith, and the log on which the insect lit was bathed in
sunshine ; small as the creature is, the sharp click with which it settled
was distinctly audible. As the basswood pile was beginning to fail me, I
happened on a clearing where some small maples had been felled. Find-
ing the stumps still moist, I laid chips and bark about their tops ; this
yielded me several new species, a beetle marked like the Megalodachne, but
smaller and with the ground colour light brown instead of dark chestnut ;
three or four specimens of a beetle alljed to the weevils, I think one of
the Anthribide; and, settling on a stump in the sunshine, a magnificent
specimen of Purpuricenus humeratts, a \ongicorn of great beauty.
At the end of August I was out fern-hunting at Lake Dalhousie, about
20 miles north of Perth. From a stump of white pine I took the pupa of
a longicorn, which later emerged as Rhagium lineatum, and while raising
some chips from the top of a fresh and resiny stump of white pine I drove
from cover a Cleréid that was then new to me; the head and thorax were
dull orange, the base of the elytra the same, the rest of the elytra was
alternate gray-white and black. Upto that time I had only found two
species, a small scarlet one, fairly common under bark, and one banded
with orange and dark blue, which is frequent on certain blossoms. Early
next spring, about April the 28th, I found some white pine had been
felled in the winter, not many miles from the school in Port Hope.
Recollecting my find of the previous autumn, and thinking the fresh resin
might be the attraction, I laid some bits of bark and chips on the surface
of the stumps. Qn visiting my traps a day or two later I was agreeably
surprised to find three specimens of the resin-loving Cerid. About the
same time I got five more specimens from newly-felled pine, under the
444 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISf.
chips that had been left on the stump by the axe. Some of these stumps
I baited with chips, and in all captured about a dozen. I have never
found them on dry stumps, but only under fresh chips and associated with
new resin. The creature closely resembles a beetle figured by Curtis, in
his British Entomology as Zhanasimus formicarius ; it is there said to
frequent the Scotch fir, which, of course, is also a pine.
About the middle of May in the same season (1907) I visited the
basswood stumps from which the year before I had got the Saperda
vestita. Some of the bark that I pried up was infested with Zepfura
ruficollis, and I took also from under the bark two pupæ of a longicom
closely allied to Urographis. Ripping some bark from the sides of several
stumps, I laid it on the tops. This proved an admirable bait, and among
my captures were three or four specimens of a tiger-beetle (Cicindela
sexguttata), seven specimens of a rove-beetle (Staphylinus violaceus), 12
or 14 of the northern Brenthid (Eupsalis minuta), a single specimen of a
locally rare darkling beetle (/’e//opsis obcordata), five Penthes and six or
eight Adaus oculatus; | may say that I have found the species ocu/atus very
common on the basswood, and in one or two cases the beetle, under con-
cealment of the strip of bark, had, during part of the night, half buried itself
in the wood of the stump. ‘lhe beetle can eat very fast ; a friend of mine
took nine or ten from a rotten basswood log and sent them to me in a
stout cardboard box ; when I got the parcel one of the largest specimens
had eaten a hole through the corner of the box and was through two folds
of the brown-paper wrapper. I have never found the allied species of
myops on basswood, but always in white pine, usually under the bark of
dead dry stumps, where it is fairly abundant.
Later on in the same season, while wandering about the upper reaches
of Gage’s Creek, about six miles from the school, I passed through a
clearing in which hemlock had been felled; among several other.
Buprestids settling on the bark of prostrate logs as well as standing trees,
were two that were new to me, both very active, and only to be caught
(unless you had a net) by careful stalking ; one a small CArysobothris, and
the other, A/e/anophila Drummondi: this last I had never seen before
and have never seen since, but on this newly-felled hemlock, as well as on
living trees, 1t was abundant, and I captured about a dozen specimens;
a few days later, at the end of-June, I took to the clearing a brother-
collector anxious to see Afe/anophila Drummondi in its native haunt, and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 445
there I turned him loose. While I was looking about, with my eye
focussed for beetles, I distinctly saw a pair of longicorns running on the
trunk of a tall elm growing at the foot of the clearing near the stream.
From their movements and appearance both I felt sure they were longi-
corns, and at first took them for a pair of Cyrtophorus verrucosus, a beetle
I am well acquainted with; an instanv’s reflection told me that at ten yards’
distance a beetle the size of Cyrtophorus would hardly be visible, and I
rushed towards what I was certain must be a prize; unfortunately, the
beetles were running in an upward spiral, and when I stumbled to the tree
over a rotten log they were almost out of reach ; I jumped and managed
to brush one to the ground, but could not see it by the most careful
search ; however, I waited patiently for a minute or so, and then, to my
great delight, saw the creature emerge from the ground and reascend the
trunk. As I captured it I recognized in it the Physocnemum brevilineum,
a long-coveted species. Scanning the tree carefully, I presently descried
two more of the beetles running about on the bark, some 20 feet up; I
stayed for nearly an hour at the foot of the tree, with hope in my heart
and a crick in the neck, as intent as a dog listening to the chatter of a
squirrel, and my reward was three or four specimens of the beetle. As a
rule, they appeared from a height beyond range on the jrunk of the tree,
walking rapidly downwards, following the corrugations and grooves of the
bark ; occasionally, however, they lit on the tree after flight through the
air, but they rarely when disturbed tovk to the wing for escape, prefertit g
to run or to release their hold and drop. A tix-mile walk 15 n-Ahing when
a new longicorn is waiting just round the last corner, and I made the tree
the turning-post of my daily course for nearly a week, boy which time J had
taken 15 or 16 specimens. The tree was ayparentiy vound, with a maz-
nificent crown of foliage surmounting the massive juilar of its (sunk, but
the beetle was breeding there, I am pretty sure, and in July of tiles year,
while I was in England, my flow collector gr several mure speciuens
on the same tree.
_Early in July I made 20 expedition to Garden Hill, wane 54 toner
north of Post Hope : here they were cutiug ont the pine frei à atte
lot, and a sawmill wat at work. So went out in hopes A yetung voa
specimens of Moashammas. à beetic what, with a singe ercrinvn J knew
only from cabmet coliciiout, Vine cueabermeti tad tury hed seen nu
bers of thee msectir ot tie gt end is the brushwooud. but fen mex:
perience or iii-tuck J feted ty secure tuany 107 log welded ome pot f
eee Æ oe ie np em ee ee oe en. on Se eee, rt Ê —
LL &» =_ =
|]. = Bm ,— 2”
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Monohammus, three isolated specimens of Monokammus
hd one: specimen of a third species of Afenohammus, the
h colour a mottle of three or four shades of rust-yellow, and
size almost identical with seute//atus. By preparing several
gs with chips and stripping the’bark from dead trees, I got
longicorn beetles, such as Criocephalus agrestis, Orthosoma
ragosoma Harrisii, and a carcase of Prionus laticollis. Had
I should have felt some disappointment, but it wasn't, The
feritable paradise of Buprestids, and not only did I get 12 o
all, but among them several quite new to me, beginner as I
were at least two (probably three) species of Chrpsobothris,
bphora, three or four of Dicerca, two or three of Budrestis,
Helanophila with a nasty bad habit of settling on the back of
1 giving it a sharp nip.
huld be nothing more enjoyable than roa ning about in that
hit is nearly a year and a half ago, it seems like yes:
as glorious July weather ; in the distance you could hear the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 447
ee a
any misgivings about my intentions, caused it to disappear down an
adjoining tunnel, whence my forceps finally extracted it.
In the season just over (1908) I noticed some felled maple and birch
on a hil-side seven miles from Port Hope. At the beginning of June I
laid chips about two or.three of the stump-heads ; on the fallen trunks I
found an immense number of a CArysobothris breeding, while under two
of my chips on the maple I took two pair of Urographis fasciata, and
resting on a stump near by I captured a Leptura biforis.
About the middle of June my attention was drawn to some white pine
felled in the winter among some woodlands known locally as Pine Grove.
There were about eight trees in all, lying on the ground within a space of
about a mile ; on the trunks and branches were crawling a number of
small dark C/erids, with a mark of crimson and two marks of white on each
elytron ; there were also two sorts of weevil abundant under chips of
wood on the ground, and many Buprestids visiting the logs; but, in special,
on the trunks, limbs and larger branches there were AZonohammi breeding;
in about six visits I took well over 100 specimens, and my fellow collector
continued to find longicorns up to the zoth of July or later; our combined
captures would amount to 250 beetles. The great majority of these were
Monohammus scutellatus, of which I took 100, mostly in pairs ; I took
besides eight or ten specimens of the large gray Monohammus (whether
titillator or confusor, 1 am not sure), and four of both sexes of the rust-
yellow species; we also got several specimens of a stout gray beetle
resembling Urographis, but’ without the extended ovipositor, and a few of
a gray species of delicate structure and extremely fine antenne (perhaps
Liopus) ; about the middle of July my friend took some 12 specimens of
Leptostylus parvus. All this on some 10 trunks of newly-felled pine.
Our experience raises a question as to the length of time required by
the larvæ to mature. ‘There was a tree among these others that had been
blown down early in 1907, and was thus in its second season ; it was full
of holes, most of them quite fresh, from which mature insects had escaped;
we could hear larvæ at work during June inside the log ; but we did not
see any beetles breeding or laying eggs on the bark, as they were doing
on all the fresh-fallen trees. Unfortunately, most of these trees have since
been removed. I am inclined to think that the drier the wood is, the
longer the larva takes to reach its full growth, and that if the larva hatches
in fresh wood it can mature in a single season ; I should think: this was
true of the scute//atus anyway, even if confnsor and titillatus require
-
K
EM S46 CE D
= ow om
=< —
448 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
longer. The well-known stories, most of them authentic, about the mature
insect escaping from tables and chair-legs several years after the manu-
facture of these articles, would thus illustrate an exceptional state of things =
in which the larva was confronted prematurely with dry wood to feed on. — 4
Besides these captures on stumps and logs, I have made several by ~ gry
using a similar trap, with fungus substituted for bark. But at present I ZX ]
shall content myself in my closing paragraphs with a few general remarks == =:
on the subject of blossoms, as a collecting ground for beetles.
If you refer to any handbook of North American flora, you will find I» ad
about 130 natural orders of flowering plants. The vast majority of these, , =».
however, do not offer their sweets (or pollen, rather) to those browsing == ang
cattle among insects, the beetles, whose short jaws and general habitse=-=@ its
incline them to visit only small shallow blossoms growing in close clusters==—a rs
(racemes) or in flat bunches or heads. Nearly allthe blossoms that forma a
favourite haunt for beetles are included in the series between order 25 and and
order 50, beginning with the sumach and the vine and ending with the» are
composites. The only important beetle-food outside that series, in myæ= a= y
experience, is the milkweed and its ally, the dogbane, which come abour at
No. 70 im the natural orders.
If you look a little more closely at the series from 25 to 50, you wil #& ll
find these fall into two distinct groups of eight, separated from each othems« <="
by a wall of ten consecutive orders unattractive to beetles.
The first group extends from the poison ivy and the grapevine==—
through the New Jersey tea and the spiked maple to the great rose family
Of these, the milkwort and the vetch, from the form of their bléssom, are=~
valueless ; the poison ivy and the grapevine are fairly good, but the
range of their guests is limited. The New Jersey tea is a plant with hardly
a rival, both for range of species and for total number of insects. The
spiked maple is also a rich storehouse of beetles. In the rose family I
have found the hawthorn best, next to it the rose and the bramble, and
then the spirewa and the chokecherry.
The second group of eight begins with the umbellifers, and passing
through the dogwood and the elder, closes with the great composite family.
Of these, the bedstraw, valerian and teasel are comparatively worthless ;
but the dogwood is an excellent host, and so are the two species of elder,
while several of the composites are worth careful scrutiny.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 449
— en
I shall carry this principle of selection a little further, by giving a
rough outline of a season’s beetle-collecting from blossoms. The first
blossom to open is the early or red-berried elder (Sambucus pubens) ; it
varies considerably from season to season, as well as in any one season,
owing to differences of location; but about the roth of May it will be
found flowering, and its season may last for ten days; it is immediately
followed by the hawthorn, which lasts till perhaps the roth of June; by
this time the spiked maple and the dogwoods are in flower, and before
this last is over comes a riot of blossom ; for the late elder and the New
Jersey tea, both open in the last days of June.
These blossom haunts, then, extend from early in May till the middle
of July. The only other conditions of time that need be mentioned are
that the pollen on a given blossom must be in a certain state of ripeness
or it does not appear to attract beetles at all, and as a rule the sun must
be shining on the blossoms ; if it is hot and calm besides, then you have
ideal conditions.
There is, however, an important condition of space to add to these
of time. I have, as a beginner, spent hours in fruitless search over whole
hedges and thickets of elder and bushes of hawthorn, when ten minutes
at a single shrub, with only a few meagre blossoms on it, would yield a
rich harvest. Why? Because the flowers must be growing near a thicket
or a wood ; if they are in the open, even a hundred yards or so from
timber lands, they are almost useless. This is particularly the case when
it is longicorns you are on the lookout for. Itis, of course, well known to
Coleopterists of experience that a clearing or the border of a wood is the
best locality ; it is remarked again and again by Bates, in his travels on
the Amazon, and it is pointed out by Rye and Fowler, in their hints to
collectors in Great Britain.
In closing, I should like to say that by no means the least pleasure to
a lover of nature is to observe the marvellous constancy with which season
afier season these tiny creatures, the offspring of a-.last year’s brood,
return to their ancestral haunt, be it blossom or leaf, true to the clock of
the year almost to a day ; in obedience to a law there is no gainsaying,
and which yet in the creature’s serene unconsciousness seems robbed of
any touch of harsh compulsion.—F. J. A. Morris, Trinity College School,
Port Hope, Ont.
pais
en te vus put ns iain y + 20001) Mon Se ol
re =”
450 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF AESHNA
FOUND NORTH OF MEXICO.
BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO.
(Continued from page 391.)
The following notes are intended merely to give a general idea of the
distribution, as far as known, of the species of Aeshna treated in the key.
Detailed lists of localities, references, etc., will appear in the revision :
1. Aeshna Californica.—A Pacific Coast species, ranging from Lower
California northward into southern British Columbia.
2. Ae. multicolor.-—This species ranges from Panama through
Mexico, and the United States west of Texas and Colorado to southern
British Columbia.
3. Ae. mutata.—Thus far known. only from Indiana and Massa-
chusetts. I have also seen a female from Stewart’s Lake, Kent, Ohio.
4. Ae. palmata.—This species ranges from Kamtchatka through
Alaska and British Columbia to Colorado, Utah and Lower California.
The Lower Californian specimens differ in some degree from the
others seen, but are probably not even racially distinct. This species and
the following have been generally recorded as A. constricta.
5. Ae. umbrosa (‘‘Ae. Z.,” Williamson).—One of the most abundant
and widely-distributed species, occurring in a broad belt from the Atlantic
to the Pacific in the Upper Austral, Transition and Canadian Zones.
. Western specimens approach Ae. palmata in the more robust abdo-
men, larger size of PD and a few other details of coloration, but are other-
wise typical.
6. Ae. constricta.— Transition and Upper Austral Zones from the
Atlantic Coast to the Dakotas and southern Manitoba.
7. Ae. interrupta (4e. W.,” Williamson).— Boreal Zone, occasionally
appearing in the Transition Zone, from Newfoundland, through Quebec,
Northern New England and New York to North-western Ontario and
Northern Michigan. |
It is very closely allied to the next three forms.
8. Ae. interna—A mountain species, ranging from southern British
Columhia to California and New Mexico.
9. .e. /ineata.—A species characteristic of the Canadian prairies.
Tt ranges from Manitoba and North Dakota to the Rocky Mountains, and
thence northward to Great Slave Lake. It is the common species in
Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
December, 1908
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 451
10. Ae. Nevadensis.—A series of eight males from Reno, Nevada,
are the only specimens seen.
The characters by which Ae. externa, lineata and Nevadensis are
separated are so slight that it is by no means improbable that intermediate
forms may be found. The first two named forms, however, are certainly
characteristic of different geographical provinces, and although a consider-
able series of both has been examined, no intergrades have been seen.
There seems to be no constant character for the separation of the females.
11. Ae. eremita (‘Ae X.,” Williamson).—A very distinct species
belonging to the wooded parts of the Boreal Zone from Labrador, New-
foundland and the White Mountains to the Hudson’s Bay Slope, Great Slave
Lake and Alaska, thence southward in the Rocky Mountains to Wyoming.
It occasionally wanders into the Transition Zone.
12. Ae. clepsydra.— Upper Austral and Transition Zones, from New
England to Ontario and Indiana.
13. 4e.Canadensis (“‘Ae. Y.,” Williamson).—Next to 4e. umbrosa this
-is the commonest Aeshna in collections, and is generally known as 4e.
cdepsydra. It is an abundant species in the Canadian division of the
Boreal Zone, and is also common in the Transition Zone, from New
England and the Maritime Provinces to Manitoba. Typical examples
from Washington Territory have also been examined, and its range ts
therefore probably continuous from Atlantic to Pacific. |
14. Ae. verticalis.—Very closely allied to fe. Canadensis, but
undoubtedly distinct, It inhabits the Transition and Upper Austral Zones
east of the Mississippi.
15. Ae. tuberculifera.—A somewhat rare species, very distinct from
any of the others. It has been taken in some numbers in the New
England States, especially in southern Maine, and a few specimens from
Ontario and Wisconsin have also been examined.
16. Ae. juncea,—A circumpolar species found in America in the sub-
arctic forest belt, from Newfoundland to Alaska and south to the White
Mountains, northern Ontario and in the Rocky Mountains to southern
Colorado.
17. Ae. subarctica.—Boreal Z ne, from Anticosti and Nova Scotia to
Isle Royale, Mich., and the north shore of Lake Superior.
18. Ae. sitchensis.—Boreal Zone, from Newfoundland, through
Quebec, northern Ontario, northern Michigan and Minnesota to Alaska.
19. Ae. septentrionalis.— Hudsonian division of the Boreal Zone, from
Labrador, Newfoundland and the White Mountains to Great Slave Lake.
LE
cn - = mm gr = mu
ot
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY,
INEW GENERA OF ORIENTAL HEMIPTERA.
G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
‘TESSAROMERUS, gen. nov.
us belongs to the Urolabididæ, and differs from all the
era by having only four segments to the antennæ, the fourth
han the third, which is subequal to the second and longer
The labium extends about as far as the base of the middle
Lateral margins of pronotum sinuate and a little reflexed
eins of the membrane are incompletely furcate. Otherwise
h like Urochela
riarticulatus, sp. nov.—Brownish-yellow, punctured with
pall kevigate pale yellowish spot on each side of the middle
im. Antennæ blackish.
194 mill.
hina, Yunnan (Montandon, in my collection).
RHEUMATOTRECHUS, gen, nov
us has somewhat the appearance of Ptilomera of the Gerridæ,
re much shorter, especially the fore tarsi
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. | 453
oo
apex of tibiæ and the tirsi blackish. ‘Teroites dark castancous, verging
on piceous on abdomen proper and inward half of pleurites ; one or two
smaller brown spots medially. Beneath yeilowish-fulvous, a lateral,
sinuous, dark castaneous line on the mesosternum on each side, edged
with silver ; also some obscure marks. ‘The first segment of the antennæ
one-fifth longer than the second. Ture femora scarcely longer than the
tibiæ, which are nearly four times as lung as the tarsi; last tarsal segment
more than twice as long as the penultimate. Middle femora slender,
as long as body from base of clypeus to base of pygophor ; scarcely longer
than tibiz and tarsi together ; tibiæ about twice and a half as long as the
tarsi, first tarsal segment twice as long as the second. Hind femora
one-third longer than the middle pair ; scaicely longer than the tibiæ and
tarsi; tibiæ slightly more than twice as long as the tarsi; first tarsal
segment not twice as long as the second. ‘The hind part of the metanotum
is triangular, the sides shortly truncate, and the base a little emarginate.
d .—The pygophor is very remarkable, and I hope to figute it in my
forthcoming ‘‘ Notes on the Gerridæ ”; the hooks, etc., are yellowish-
fulvous, the apices blackish.
Length, 8 mill.
Hab.: India, Kurseong (which I believe is near Darjiling, and is also
called ‘ Karsiang ”), in coll. Belgium Mus.
This genus has considerable general resemblance to CAimarrhometra
orientalis (Distant). It is true that Mr. Distant places the latter in’ the
‘ Halobataria,” and indeed originally described the species as //a/obates /
but the emargination of the eyes he might have overlooked. The antennal
proportions are, however, quite different, as also those of the labium. It
may also be remarked that Mr. Distant has described the labium (rostrum )
as being composed of five segments !!—a condition unparalleied in
Hemiptera; in fact, practically impossible. On referring to the original
figure, it is seen that Mr. Distant has mistaken the extruded end of the
sete for a fifth segment !! Mr. Distant cites Bianchi as the authority for
the statement that CAimarrhometra 1s a fresh-water Himalayan genus,
whereas Bianchi had not seen a specimen of the genus he described, the
particulars being taken entirely from those of Mr. Distant. ‘The genus is
evidently semiaquatic, and as there is presumably no sea-water in Jhelam
Valley, it must necessarily be a fresh-water genus !
It is evident that Mr. Distant’s descriptions and figures are quite
untrustworthy, and we must await further captures of this interesting form.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NUS AND SPECIES OF BLENNOCAMPIN
FROM TEXAS.
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.
wing species was received from Dr. L. O. Howard, of the U.
nt of Agriculture, for identification, It was found after
to represent an undescribed genus. ‘This genus would fall
next to Phymatocera, Vahlb., from which it is readily
raving the antennæ strongly serrate on one side, the posterior
long as all the following segments together, and the posterior
han the posterior tib'æ.
us, n. gen —Antennæ with nine segments, all the segments
t, second and ninth strongly produced on one side at apex,
ent large and globular, the second segment sinall, broader
third segment short, about twice as long as broad at apex,
ment twice as long as the third, the fifth shorter than the
r than the third ; malar space narrow, hardly more than a
front and middle tarsi longer than the tibie, the
i shorter than the tibie ; the posterior metatarsus as long
wir giuents together; the claws cleft; the front wings
uve pedal crossveins present ihe medio-cubital
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 455
front by a furrow, and with a more or less distinct median groove ; head
and thorax covered with a fine, almost colourless pile ; the saw-guides
straight on the upper margin, and gradually, obliquely, convexly rounded
to a blunt point at apex above. Length, 9 mm.
Described from a number of individuals received from Dr. L. O.
Howard and Mr. W. D. Hunter, bred from larve collected on Cissus
incisa by Mr. E. S. Tucker at Dallas, Texas. Hunter, No. 1619. Type
and paratypes in the collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture,
and paratypes in the Entomological collections of Cornell University.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
The first regular meeting for the season of the Entomological Society
of Ontario was held at Guelph on Wednesday evening, November 18th,
1908 ; the following resolution was unanimously adopted :
‘‘The members of the Entomological Society of Ontario have heard
with profound regret of the death of their esteemed and beloved Presi-
dent, Dr. James Fletcher. They one and all feel that they have lost a
personal friend whose place in their affection and regard can never be
filled, and that the Science of Entomology in Canada has been deprived of
its leader and most able exponent. Those who have had the privilege of
knowing Dr. Fletcher must share our grief, and will, with us, treasure in
their hearts a grateful recollection of his unbounded kindness and
geniality, his generous assistance freely given to all who applied to him,
and the enthusiasm in the study of nature which he everywhere inspired.
‘On behalf of the Society, in which he took so active an interest
during a great many years, we beg to offer to Mrs. Fletcher and her
daughters this expression of sympathy with them in their sore bereave-
ment, and to assure them that their grief is shared by a large circle
of friends in all parts of the country.”
The following papers were read :
The Classification of the Muscoidean Flies, by Mr. W. R. Thompson.
Rearing Pomace Flies (Drosophilidæ), by Mr. E. Stafford.
The former paper, which was illustrated with diagrams and figures on
the blackboard, furnished a general classification of the superfamily, and
then dealt more particularly with the parasitic Tachinidæ. The latter
paper gave the results-of some careful observations made on the life-
history of these minute Dipterous Flies which are to be found in cider
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
her places where there is fermenting vegetable matter. Both
hre Fuurth-year students in the Ontario Agricultural College,
Imented on the excellence of their papers and the careful
rk which they had performed.
jo the lamented death of Dr. Fletcher, the following officers
Tennyson D, Jarvis, B.S. A., Lecturer in Entomology and
trio Agricultural College, Guelph.
isident—E. M. Walker, M. D., Lecturer in the Biological
of the University of Toronto.
MONTREAL BRANCH.
Montreal Branch, held at 850 St
urday evening, November 14th, the following reso
A. F
ch Se (Le D L
nded by Winn, and resolved
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 457
‘ MEIGEN'S FIRST PAPER ON DIPTERA.”.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
In attempting to settle the status of names aftecting the nomenclature
of any class of animals or plants, unless this is done in an impartial manner
the reader will be unable to form an unbiased opinion from the statements.
set forth. The present remarks are called forth by a perusal of the article
under the above caption, which appeared in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
for October, pages 370 to 373. |
No student who has seen Meigen’s paper of 1800, or Mr. Hendel’s.
reproduction of it, can truthfully say that the author has not complied.
with the rules adopted by the International Zoological Congress. There
is, first, the name of the proposed new genus in’ proper Latin form, then
a description of the genus, followed by a statement of the number of
species known to the author as belonging to the genus, The author,
therefore, had a correct idea of binomial nomenclature, and, so far as he
went, he applied it in this paper. That a genus can be founded without.
being accompanied by the name of any species, is allowable under Article
2 of the International Code, which holds that “The scientific designation.
of animals is uninominal for subgenera and all higher groups.” It has not
infrequently happened that an author has founded a genus in one number
of some journal without any mention of species, but has treated the species.
in a subsequent number, and students have almost universally taken the
first date as the real date of the genus, a view held to be correct by the
Code. The case of Meigen’s generic names is similar to this, the difference
being that before treating of the species (in 1804) he published a second
paper on genera (1803), changing several of the names given in his
previous (1800) paper. Ina few cases such changes were allowable on
the score of preoccupation, but in the other instances the changes were
unjustified, and therefore the old names must be restored under Article 25
of the Code—the well-known law of priority.
As to the contention that these old genera of Meigen are invalid on
the score of having no type species, Rule 7 under Article 30 of the Code
covers this point: ‘‘In case a generic name without designated type is
proposed as a substitute for another generic name, with or without type,
the type of either, when established, becomes zfso facto the type of the
other.” On this principle, the type species of any one of Meigen’s genera
of 1803 is the type of his corresponding genus of 1800. Among the
generic names of 1803, no less than twenty were also unaccompanied by
the name of a species, yet these very generic names, with few exceptions,
are now in current use.
December, 1908
20 einstein ete
om mm em
|
|
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
en's names are nomina nuda, as has been claimed, is
hs ; each is accompanied by a description, which effectually
rom this class of names.
hese names been entirely neglected since they were first
oo. Latreille, in his “Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés et
Jol. III, published only two years after Meigen’s paper
ised several of them as subgenera, and in giving a resume
hssification, Meigen himself connected most of them with
see his ‘‘Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europäischen
sekten,” 1804, pages xv. ii),
lof the Code holds that “A generic or a specific name once
st be rejected, even by its author, because of inappropri-
e is, therefore, no escaping the using of such of these
jt synonyms or homonyms.
and always have been, obstructionists in almost every field
n refused to use the old generic names of
and Grote steadfastly rejected those
itamen‘"; yet both of these classes of
eneral use. Our individual preferences
rank and file of the students of this and
ng te the matter of nomencla-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 459
‘6 Metapelma spectabilis.—Met. capite thoraceque viridibus, cupreo-
nitentibus ; antennis nigris; abdomine nigro, chalybæo purpureoque
nitente ; pedibus quatuor anticis ferrugineis viridi subnitentibus ; tarsis
intermediis fuscis ad basin albidis; pedibus duobus posticis fuscis
femoribus basi rufis ; tibiis basi albis ; oviductu nigro ; alis pone medium
nubecula vix infumatis.
“ Long. corp. lin. 244 ; oviductus, lin. 1; exp. alar. lin. 334.”
Among the specimens before me the females vary in length from
34-43 mm. and the males from 24%-4% mm. The length of the
ovipositor is considerably less than that indicated by Westwood, being from
-7-1.3 mm. The antennæ are inserted farther from each other than from
the eye margin. The scape is greenish, with a metallic lustre. In both
sexes the posterior femora vary from dusky to yellowish brown, there being
no reddish at the base in these specimens. The white spot at the base of
the posterior tibiz is confined to the upper basal third, and 1s bounded by
a straight diagonal line in most of the specimens; in two males from
Florida and one male from Tuscon, Ariz., it surrounds the base; in a male
from Santa Cruz Mts., Cal., and a female from Panamint Mts., Cal., the
spot is shorter and broader, and bounded by a curved instead of a straight
line. The specimens from Florida and the South-west have the posterior
Fic. 20. —Hind tibiæ of Mctapelma spectabilis, Westw., showing variations in form and
markings. (a) Female, Ilion, N. Y.; (6) male, Ithaca, N. Y ; (c) female,
Panamint Mts., Cal.: (9) male, Santa Cruz Mts., Cal.
tibiæ more strongly dilated than the Eastern forms (Fig. 20); the
Virginian forms have the white spot long and narrow as in the Northern
specimens, while the tibiæ are intermediate in width.
The specimens examined by me are as follows :
1 4,1 9, Albany, N. Y., May 7 and 11, 1903, reared from an ash
stick infested by Obrium rubrum, 2 9's, Ilion, N. Y., roth June, 1902,
460 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
“ reared from hickory limb bearing large black knots, and from which were
reared Dicerca lurida, Chrysobothris femoratus, Magdalts olyra, Leptur-
ges querci and Chramesus icoria, the Magdalis being perhaps the more
abundant.” E. P. Felt in “it; 1 ©, Washington, D. C. (W. H.
Ashmead) ; 1 9, Norfolk, Va.; 2 d’s Len Haven Road, Va., bred by
Hopkins from a Rattan Vine; 2 fs, Cocoanut Grove, Fla., May, 1887
(E. A. Swartz); 1 f, Santa Cruz Mts., Cal.; 1 9, Los Angeles, Cal.; 1
dé, Tuscon, Ariz., reared Feb, 1897, from Mesquite twigs by H. G.
Hubbard ; 1 9, Panamint Mts.. Cal., April, 1891, and 1 ¢, rath Aug.,
1907, Ithaca, N. Y.
The other species of the genus Metapelma are distributed as follows
M. gloriosa, West., Luzon, Philippines ; 47. rufimana, Westw., Sarawak,
Borneo ; Jf. taprobane, Westw., Ceylon ; AZ. obscurata, Westw., Eastern
India ; M. mirabilis, Brues, Cape Colony.
A NEW NAME IN MEGACHILE.
Migachile geophila, n. n.—Megachile terrestris, Ckll., Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., March, 1908, p. 260 (not of Schrottky, 1903). Florissant,
Colorado. T. D. A. COCKERELL.
BOOK NOTICE.
INSECT STORIES : by Vernon L. Kellogg, New York ; Henry Holt and
Company. 298 pages, 12 mo. Illustrated. (Price $1.50 net, by
mail $1.62.)
One hardly expected that the writer of such serious works as
‘ Darwinism To-day,” ‘ American Insects,” etc., should present us with a
collection of charming stories about insects and their strange doings.
Professor Kellogg has, however, accomplished a somewhat difficult task,
and produced a book of fascinating interest that appeals not only to
youthful readers, but to their elders as well. Whoever begins to read it,
if he has any love of nature in his composition, will hardly put the book
down till he has finished. Furthermore, the stories are all true; there is
no attributing human reasoning to the creatures described, as is so often
done in tales about animals. The actual doings of the insects are
described, their haunts and habits, their enemies and their prey. It would
be difficult to find a more delightful Christmas gift for young people, or a
book more suitable fur reading to children in a nature-study class.
Mailed December Sth, 1908.
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
A bit of contemporary history, 213.
Acanthocerus galeator, nymph, 165.
Acknowledgments, 332.
Acordulecera maculatt, n. sp., 169.
marina, N. Sp., 170.
‘6 maura, n. sp., 168.
se maxtma, n. sp., 168.
‘s media, n. sp., 168.
‘6 mellina, n. Sp., 169.
se minima, n. sp., 168.
se minuta, n. Sp., 169.
‘* mixta, 0. sp., 169.
se munda, n. sp. 169.
Actias luna, 333.
Actium bicolor, n. sp., 269.
‘ blandum, n. sp. 271.
‘© retractum, n. &p.. 270.
Adalia Coloradensis, n. sp., 401.
Adalia, notes on the s ies, 401.
Ægeria tibialis, var. Dyari, n. var. 330.
Æsbna, key.to N. American species,
377 (plate), 450.
Æshna cærulea, 386.
** Californica, 378, 386, 450.
Canadensis, n. sp., 384, 389,451.
‘* clepsydra, 380, 383, 389, 451.
‘‘ constricta, 380, 387, 450.
cyanea, 379.
‘¢ = eremita, 383, 384, 388, 451.
‘6 interna, n. sp., 381, 388, 450.
Æshna interrupta, n. sp., 381, 387, 391,
450.
#Eshna juncea, 385, 390, 391, 451-
lineata, n. sp., 382, 388, 450.
‘ multicolor, 378 379: 386, 450.
‘f mutata, 379, 3 386, 450.
‘6 (Neva » Ne Sp., 382, 390, 451.
‘‘ palmata, 379, 388, 450.
septentrionalis, 387, 390, 451.
Stichensis, 386, 387, 390, 451.
‘+ subarctica, n. sp., 385, 390, 451.
** tuberculsfera, n. sp., 385, 387,451.
Æshna umbrosa, n. sp., 380, 386, 390,
450.
Æsbna verticalis, 385, 389, 451.
Agrilus egenus, 162.
‘5 fallax, 160.
Alaus nyops, 444.
‘* oculatus, 444.
Alberta idoptera, notes on, 149, 181.
ALDRICH, J. M., articles by, 370, 432.
Amphionycha flammata, 443.
Anatis LeContei, 406, 407.
** Rathvoni, 406.
Andrena sistæformis, n. Sp., 234.
Aneaporia, n. gen., 407.
‘4 plagioderina, 407-
Aneurus Fiskei, 132.
Anisocalvia cardisce, 406.
. Victoriana, 406.
Annals of the Entomological Society of
America, 172.
Anovia, n. gen., 408.
‘« virginalis, 408.
Anthaxia viridicornis, 91.
Anthocharis ausonides, 186.
“s caliente, 237.
creusa, 185.
deserti, 237.
mollis, 237.
Aphanisus, n. gen., 295.
lobatus, n. sp., 295.
muricatus, n. Sp., 296.
nigrilus, n. Sp., 296.
odoratus, n. sp., 296.
Aphidæ, Catalogue of, 80.
Aphididz, Honeydew and the Corni-
cles, 2
Aphididæ, new Colorado species, 17
(plate), 61 (plate).
Aphididz, secondary sexual character
of, 283 (plate), 348.
Aphorura Cocklet, n. sp., 199.
‘e sibirica, 200.
Aplodes unilinearia, n. sp., 60.
Argynnis Alberta, 153.
astarte, 14, 154.
‘s cypris, 149.
Edwardsii, 21.
electra, 150.
halcyone, var. platina, 151.
laurina, 237.
leto, 149, 237-
monticola, 151.
Nevadensis, var. Meadii, 152.
sordida, 237.
Argyrodes decorus, n. sp., 208.
“6 frontatus, n. sp., 208.
rostratus, n. Sp., 207.
Argyroploce abtetana, n. sp., 340, 432.
Arhyssus, American species of, 244.
Ashmead, Dr. W. H., obituary notice,
437- |
Asilidæ, new species
Columbia, 202.
Athysanus instabilis, 158.
* striatulus, 158
Arctocorisa hydatotrephes, n. sp., 119.
66
«6
«sé
66
66
66
from British
462
Arclocorisa macroceps, n. SP., 119.
Arctophila Harveyi, n. sp., 9.
BAKER, C. F., article by, 241.
Balkwill, John A., obituary notice, 438.
BANKS, N., article by, 205.
Batrachedra placendiella n. sp., 195.
“s trichella, n. sp., 196.
Batrisodes Atlantic region species, 262.
Pacific region species, 260.
albionicus, 261.
“ appalachtanus, n. sp., 262.
“ cavicornis, 264.
“6 declivis, n. sp., 262.
se fossicauda, 262.
ss —frentalis, 264.
“ lobosus, 264.
ustrans, 1. sp., 261.
“6 Mendocino, 261.
speculum, 261.
‘« fridens, n. sp., 263.
‘« Tulareanus, n. sp., 261.
‘ zephyrinus, 260.
Bees, new and little known, 144, 234.
Beetle and toad, contest between, 302.
/ Beetle-haunts, by an Amateur Botanist,
441.
Belostomidz, note on Synonymy, 164.
BETHUNE, C. S. J., articles by, 138,
139, 172, 340, 433 437) 438, 455,
460.
/ BEUTENMULLER, W., article by, 73.
BIRD, HENRY, article by, 25.
Blennocampa abnorma, n. sp., 296.
acuminata, n. Sp.. 297.
“¢ adusta, n. Sp, 297.
“ angulata, n. sp., 297.
se antennala, n. Sp., 296.
s4 aperta, n. Sp., 297.
Blennocampinæ, new genera and
species, 289, 454.
Book Notices, 75, 81, 134, 138, 139, 172,
211, 220, 300, 334, 337, 376, 460.
Boreus Californicus, mating of, 1o1.
Borkhausenia ascriptella, n. sp., 194.
Brachyacantha metator, n. sp., 413.
“s Sonorano, n. subsp., 413.
“ Uteella, n. sp., 412.
Brachycolus Ballii, n. sp., 67.
Brachygluta jacobina, n. Sp., 259.
Brachyopa notata, &.
Brachypalpus parvus, IT.
sorosis, ‘11.
BRADLEY, J. C., article by, 71.
British Museum collections, 340.
BROADWELL, W. H., article by, 327.
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
BRODIE, W., article by, 373.
Brown-tail Moths at Gardiner,
202.
Brumus = Exochomus, 409.
BuENO, J. R. de la T., articles by,
132, 165, 210, 300, 334, 337» 355:
Buprestid beetles, 444, 446, 447.
Busck, A., articles by, 134, 193.
Butterflies, notes on Californian, 346,
425.
Byrrhidæ, a new genus of, 281.
Me.,
CAESAR, L., article by, 248.
/Calliopsis chlorops, 148.
|
.s coloradensis, 147.
Callipterus robiniz, 20.
Capnia necydaloides, 132.
CASEY, T. L., articles by, 257, 281,
393-
CAUDELL, A. N., articles by, 332, 357
Cecidom via (?) angelice, n. Sp., 74.
bochmeriæ, n. Sp., 74.
“« collinsontæ, n. Sp., 74.
so collinsontfolia, n. sp., 74.
“ crassulina, n. sp., 89.
“ Sulva, n. sp., 75.
“« triadenii, n. Sp., 74.
Cecidomyiid Fly, a remarkable, 421.
Cellia flava, n. Sp., 32, 52.
Cephaleia punctata, n. sp., 177.
Ceratulus, n. gen., 454.
“ spectabilis, n. sp., 454.
, Cérceris argyrotricha, n. Sp., 324.
‘°° calochorfi, n. sp., 322.
‘© cleomeæ, n, Sp., 325.
“ rhots, n. Sp., 325.
‘* solidaginis, n. Sp., 323.
Ceresa basalis, 114.
‘© Palmeri, n. sp., 114.
Chabuata rectinubila, n. sp., 80.
Chagasia (?) lineata, n. sp., 50.
Charistena ariadne, gr.
Chelifer cancroides, 163.
Chilocorus, notes on the species, 408.
Chilosia Alaskensis, 3.
“s chalybescens, 2.
.s cyanea, 4.
“ Hoodiana, 2.
‘* nigripennis, 3.
‘¢ occidentalis, 2
‘‘ pallipes, 3.
‘* plumosa, 4.
“s tristis, 3.
i Chionobas Alberta, 181.
“4 Beanii, 181.
“ Brucei, 191.
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
Chionobas jutta, 181.
hd Macounii, 181.
“s subhyalina, 181.
“6 varuna, 181.
Chlorochla mys vertaria, n. Sp., 197.
Chrysopbanus arethusa, 183. ww:
Del Sud, 238.
*s gorgon, life history, 346.
ie hermes, 238.
phizas, 183.
Snowi, 183.
Chrysopidæ, Fossil, go.
Chrysotoxum ypsilon, 2
Cleora fumosaria, 456.
Clerid beetles, 433, 446, 447.
Cicindela marginata, 91.
.“ sexguttata, 4124,
‘6 togata, 91.
Cimicoidea, table of families, 359.
Coccinella alutacea, 402.
“6 barda, 402.
a Californica, 402.
“ degener, 402.
difficilis, 402, 403.
Eugenii, 402.
impressa, 402.
Johnsoni, n. sp., 402, 403.
Juliana, 402.
“s monticola, 402.
Nevadica, 402.
g-notata, 462.
nugatoria, 402, 403.
Oregona, n. subsp., 402, 403.
perplexa, 401, 402.
prolongata, 402.
3-notata, 401, 402, 403.
Sonorica, n. sp., 402.
subversa, 402.
suturalis, 401, 402.
transversoguttata, 401.
tricuspis, 402.
‘* trifasciata, yor.
List of species, 404.
Mexican species, 404.
Coccinellidz, notes on, 393.
COCKERELL, T. D. A., articles by, 41
89, 90, 144, 173, 234, 329, 341,
421, 460. -
Cockerellonis, n. gen., 365.
oe occidentalis, n. sp., 365.
COCKLE, J. W., article by, 101.
Coelophora oculata, 405.
Coleoptera affecting the Honey Locust,
160.
Coleoptera, notes on, ji, pur.
Colias cæsonia, 21.
** christina, 157,
se
HT |
463
Colias elis, 186.
Eurytheme, var. eriphyle, 186.
‘¢ interior, 188.
‘¢ nastes, 188.
‘* occidentahs, 187.
‘© pelidne, var. Skinneri, 193.
Cook, J. H.. articles by, 37, 85.
| COOLIDGE, K. R., articles by, 130, 237,
298, 346, 425.
Cophura albosetosa, n. Sp., 202.
CoquiLeFTT, D. W., articles by, 81,457.
Corixidæ, notes on, 117.
.* table of genera, 117.
, Corizini, remarks on American, 241.
Corizus, table of species, 243.
Corrections, 255, 300, 332, 342, 357)
432, 460.
Corythuca ciliata, 132.
CosENns, A., article by, 107.
Cotalpa subcribrata, 91.
Criocephalus agrestis, +446.
Criorhina armiliata, 11.
* Coquilletti, 11.
Crossy, C. R., articles by, 43, 458.
Cryptolechia quercicella, 84.
Cryptothrips rectangularis, n. sp., 307.
Culex fatigans, 392.
Culicidz, Annotated Catalogue of Ori-
ental: Brunetti, 376.
Cycloneda atra (not ater), 404.
se sanguinea, 405.
Cyrtophorus verrucosus, 445.
Danais archippus in Alberta, 149.
Davis, J. J., articles by, 283, 348.
Decticinæ, Caudell’s, in ‘‘ Genera In-
sectorum,” corrections, 333, 357-
Denny, EDWARD, article by, 36.
Development retarded by Parasitism,
JH
Dialysis revelata, n. SP. 174
Dimorphopteryx pinguis, 368.
Diptera, Meigen's first paper on, 370,
$32, 457-
Diptera, two Fossil, 173 (plate).
Doane, R. W., articles by, 304, 101.
Don, F. HL. Worry, articles by, 149,
141,
Dolerinse, new species of, 125.
Dolrrus nerilus, We p., 130.
agcielus, 1. p., 140.
aprilotidre, n. ape, 146,
0 arveneis umicolor female, : 30,
te roheæens, nap. 148,
0 volucerlitne, Ne ap, 144
GON [UATE Me fu, A
464
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
Dolerus dysporus, n. sp., 128.
icterus, 1. Sp., 127.
‘\ snspectus, n. sp., 128.
‘ luctatus, n. sp., 127.
‘© minusculus, n. sp., 126.
‘4 monosericeus, n, Sp. 126.
‘© neoaprilis, n. sp .,126.
‘ neocollaris, n. sp., 127.
‘8 neosericeus, N. Sp., 125.
‘ parasericeus, n. Sp., 125.
‘¢ plesius, n. sp., 129.
‘4 polysericeus, n. Sp., 125.
‘6 refugus, n. Sp., 127.
‘‘ stugnus, n. Sp., 129.
Dyar, H. G., articles by, 75, 77, 171, |
211, 309, 376. oe
Dyar's Criticism of ‘‘ Mosquito Life,
81, 93.
Elachista orestella, n. sp., 196.
ELLINGSEN, E., article by, 163.
Emphytinæ, new genera and species,
365.
Emphytus cinctipes, 367.
se Coloradensis, 179.
“« Gillettet, n. sp., 178.
ENGEL, H., article by, 120.
Ennomos magnarius, eggs, 170.
“és subsignarius, swarms of, 327.
Entomological Record, 354.
Entomological Society of America, 69,
172.
Entomological Society of British Col-
umbia Bulletin, 139.
Entomological Society of Ontario, 248,
356, 438, 455:
Entomology, Journal of Economic, 138,
172.
Entomology, Practical and Popular, 85.
Entomology, Washington Bureau, 340.
Epermenia albapunctella, n. sp., 195.
Epidemia epixanthe, oviposition of, 85.
Epitaxonus, n. gen., 365.
. albidopictus, 366.
Erebia disa, var. mancinus, 156.
‘* discoidalis, 156.
Eriocampa obesa, 368.
“ rotunda, 368.
Eristalis Meigenii, 9.
Errata, 84, 170, 196.
Eucercerts pimarum, n. sp., 326.
Euchloe ausonides, 298, 426.
‘s Coloradensis, 298.
. creusa, 298.
elsa, 299.
“ hyantis, 298.
6
Euchloe lanceolata (chrysalis), 130.
‘s lotta, 298.
Eupithecia agnesata, n. Sp., 57.
Brauneata, n. sp., 245.
“s integruptofasciata, 246
“ placidata, n. sp., 56.
‘6 Russeliata, n. sp., 245.
“ Slocanata, n. sp., 59.
“s lerminata, n. sp., 58.
Eupithecia, the genus and its allies,
344-
Euplectus acomanus, n. sp., 265.
‘s Duryi, n. sp., 266.
Eupsalis minuta, 443, 444.
Euryopis argentata, 206.
Californica, 207.
‘4 formesa, n. Sp., 207.
‘6 funebris, 207.
‘s 5-maculata, 206.
“ scriptipes, n. sp., 206.
‘6 Texana, n. sp., 207.
‘ table of species, 206.
Eutolype bombyciformis, early stages
of, 120.
Euura brachycarpæ, n. sp., 176.
‘‘ parva, + SPs; 176.
. Exochomus æthiops, 409, 411.
.s Californicus, 410.
‘« Davisi, 410, 412.
“s deflectens, n. subsp., 410.
“s desertorum, 410, 412.
“s fasciatus, 409.
“s Hogei, 409, 410.
‘ latiusculus, 410.
“ Marginipennis, 410.
se Mormonicus, n. sp., 411.
‘« ovoideus, 410.
“ parvicollis, n. sp., 409, 411.
“ septentrionis, 409, 410, 412.
“s subrotundus, 409.
“ Townsend, n. sp., 411.
Exoma, n. gen., 282.
‘© pleuralis, n. sp., 282.
Exoplectrini, genera belonging to, 407.
Fauna Hawaiiensis : Walsingham's Mi-
crolepidoptera, 134.
Ferdinandea croesus, 10.
FERNALD, C. He article by, 349, 432.
Fleas collected on Rat and Human
hosts, 303.
FLETCHER, J.,articles by, 170, 354, 373.
FLETCHER, JAMES, Memoir and por-
trait, 433.
FLETCHER, JAMES, resolutions respect-
ing the late, 455.
*
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
FOLsOM, J. W., article by, 199.
Fossil chrysopidæ, 90.
‘4 Diptera, two, 173 (plate).
‘* Leaf-cutting Bee, 31.
Fossil Mantis, First American, 343
(plate).
Fossil Osmylidæ in America, 341
(plate).
FREEDLEY, W. J., article by, 350.
Fustiger Knausii, 92.
Gabriola Dyari, 93.
‘6 minima, 93.
# Gall on Aster, a new, 80.
@ Gall-producer, new Lepidopterous, 107.
Gelechia fluvialella, n. sp., 194.
Genera Insectorum—Decticinæ, correc-
tions in, 333, 357:
Geometrid moth, a neglected green,
197.
Geometrid notes and descriptions, 245.
GIBSON, A., article by, 84.
GILLETTE, C. P., articles by, 17, 61,
235.
Glaresis inducta, 91.
Gnorimoschema alaricella, n. sp., 192.
Goetymes, notes on the genus, 422.
‘6 table of species, 424
Gortyna ærata, 250.
Gortyna ærata, description of larva,
252.
Gortyna anargyrea, n. Sp., 79, 255.
Aweme, n. sp., 254.
“s Birdi, n. sp., 78.
“ cataphracta, 251.
“ cerrusata, 252.
s frigida, 252.
“ marginidens, 78.
‘6 nelita, 250.
“s nepheleptena, n. sp., 77, 255.
“6 nephrasynthela, n.sp., 78, 255.
‘4 nitela, 251.
“ ochroptena, Nn. Sp., 77) 255.
‘s perobsoleta, 252.
“s rutila, 251.
“s thalictri, 252.
“ triorthia, n. Sp., 79, 255.
“ see Papaipema.
Grapta chrysoptera, 238.
‘* faunus, 155.
‘‘ satyrus, 155.
‘“ silenus, 190.
‘¢ progne, 190.
‘* zephyrus, 155.
GRINNELL, F., articles by, 71, 313.
Groh, H., appointment of, 340.
465
Guignard, J. A., retirement of, 340.
Hammerschmidtia ferruginea, 8.
HAMPSON, Sirk G. F., article by, 102.
Harmonia, species of, 404.
Harmontaspis, n. gen., 404.
Harmoniella, n. gen., 404.
Harpiphorus varianus, 368. -
HEATH, E. F., article by, 21.
Helophilus conostomus, 10.
porcus, 10.
‘6 similis, 10.
Hemerobius mœstus, Fossil, 342.
Hemiptera, Catalogueof: Kirkaldy, 334.
Hemiptera-Heteroptera, notes on, 165.
Hemiptera-Heteroptera, remarks on
the Phylogeny, 357.
Hemiptera, notes on Corixidæ, 117.
Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Islands,
list of described : Kirkaldy, 337.
Hemiptera, Oriental, two new genera,
452:
Hemiptera, recent papers on, 300, 334,
337-
Hemiptera, recent writers on, 210.
‘« synonymic notes on, 164.
Hemiptera taken at Quinze Lake, P.
Q., 109, 157.
Hemipterous fauna of Europe and N.
America, the relations between :
Horvath, 300.
Hesperocorixa, n. subg., 120.
Brimleyi, n. sp., 120.
Hine, J. S., article by, 202.
Hippodamia abducens, n. subsp., 396.
ambigua, 395.
“s Americana, 399.
‘ apicalis, 399.
coccinea, n. subsp., 396.
“s convergens, 394, 398.
“s Crotchi, 398, 399.
“ dispar, 397.
ss expurgata, n. subsp., 400.
“¢ externa, 395.
‘ falcigera, 399.
“ glacialis, 398.
“s juncta, 398.
“ LeContei, 395, 396.
“ leporina, 395.
“s liliputana, n. sp., 393:
Hippocamia, list of American species,
Hippodamia moesta, 395.
Mulsanti, 396.
“6 obliqua, 398.
se Oregonensis, 395.
466
Hippodamia parenthesis, 399.
politissima, 398.
co puncticollis, 397.
“| §-Signata, 394, 395.
“6 15-maculata, 398.
‘« sinuata, 398, 399.
6 spuria, 398, 399. .
“ trivittata, 398, 399.
“ * . Uteana, n. sp., 397.
“6 vernix, 396.
Honeydew and the Cornicles of Aphi-
didz, 235.
Honey Locust,
160.
Hoop, J. D., article by, 305. :
Hoplocampa bioculata, n. sp., 179.
Hormonyia Coloradensis, n. sp., 421.
HOUGHTON, C. O., article by, 160.
HOWARD, L. O., articles by, 34, 239,
Coleoptera affecting,
436.
Hunterellus, n. gen., 24i.
se Hookeri, n. sp., 242.
Hydnocera bimaculata, n. sp., 232.
7 cœruleipernis, ni. Sp., 229.
‘¢ fallax, n. sp., 230.
‘°° ornata, à. Sp., 233.
7 4s Wickhamt, n. sp., 231.
Hypargyricus, te. gen., 290. —
‘6 infuscatus, n. Sp., 290.
Hyperaspidius oblongus, n. sp., 421.
‘« pallescens, n. sp., 420.
“s trimaculatus, 420.
‘4 vittigera, 420. 7
Hyperaspis emulator, n. Sp., 413.
angustata, 413-
#7 aterrima,n. Sp., 416: :
“ Bensonica,n. sp., 418.
“« Coloradana, n. sp., 416.
“. concurrens, N. SP., 416.
ee consptrans, Nn. SP., 414, 415.
. elliptica, 413.
‘6 fastidiosa, n. sp., 414, 415.
“s fidelts, n. sp., 418.
‘6: filiola, n. sp., 419.
“« gemma, 414, 415.
“ Horni, 418.
imperialis,n. Sp., 415.
.* medialis, 415.
“ notatula, 413, 418.
Nunenmacheri, n. sp., 417.
Octavia, n. sp., 419.
oculifera, n. Sp., 415.
omissa, 413.
protensa, fi. Sp., 417.
4-oculata, 418.
revocans, 1. SP., 419.
‘« Serena, nN. Sp., 416.
a
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
H yperaspis sexverrucata, 415.
significans,n. sp., 416.
‘6 tetraneura, n. Sp., 420.
“ trifurcata,’420.
Ideobisium obscurum, 163..
Idionotus brevipes, 332.
Ignotus, n. ‘gen., 214 (plates and figs. ).
Ignotus enigmaticus, n. $p., 219 (plates),
255.
Incisalia, studies in the genus, 37.
““ Henrici, 37°
“s irus, 37.
‘« Mossi, 39, 183.
ss pülios, 37 (plate), 183.
Insect stories : Kellogg, 4
Isiodyctium atratum, ne
Jarvis, T. D., article by, 220...
July Blizzard, a, 327.
LY
KEARFOTT, W. D., article by, 334,
Kellogg's Insect Stories! 460.
KiIRKALDY, G. W., articles by, 80, 117
164, 209, 357: 452.
KNAB, F., article by, 3
309.
Knaggs, Dr. H. G., death of; 46.
Knats, W., article by, gi. |
Lasioptera lycopi, 15:
Lepidoptera, additions ‘to Manitoba
list, 21.
Lepidoptera, Early stages of N. Am.,
120.
Lepidoptera of Alberta, notes on, 149,
181.
Lepidoptera of Kaslo, B. C., 54, 98.
| Lepidoptera of Kootenai District, B.
C., corrections of Dr. Dyar's List,
99:
Lepidoptera of Santa Clara Co., Calif.,
425.
Lepidopterous Gall-producer, new, 107.
Le Ploplectus, n. gen., 266.
exélissinus, n. sp., 269.
se filiformis, n. Sp., 268.
“« insolens, nN. Sp., 268
ss pertenuis, 267.
Leptostylus parvus, 447-
Leptura biforis, 447.
se ruficollis, 444.
Limenitis archippus, 190.
.¢ arthemis, 156.
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
Liorhyssus hyalinus, 243.
Lithophotina, n. gen. (fossil), 343.
floccosa, n. sp., 344 (plate).
LupLow, C.S., articles by, 32, 50, 331.
Lycæna acmon, 184.
aquilo, 192.
astragala, 239.
emigdionis, . 239.
lygdamas, var. oro, "184.
melimono, 239.
melissa, 192.
piasus, larva and pupa, 347.
Scudderii, 192. .
Shasta, 184, 239.
sissona, 239. _
Lycasta filsca, n. sp., 180.
LyMAN, H. H., article by, 141, 249.
MACGILLIVRAY, A. D., articles by, 125,
168, 289, 365, 454.
Macremphytus, n.,gen., 368.
varianus, 368.
Macrosiphum Sanborni, n. sp., 65.
Mantis, First American Fossil,
(plate).
MEAD, T. L., articles by, 302, 333...
Megachile geophila, n. nom:, 460. *
‘< predicta, n. SP., 1...
terrestris, 460.
Megalothrips spinosus, n. sp., 306.
Megarafonus ventralis, 281.
Megaraphidia, Fossil, 342.
343
Meigen's First paper on Diptera, 370, |
432, 457:
Melanophila Drummondi, 444.
Melanostoma cærulescens, 4.
*< concinnum, 4.
trichopus, 4
Melissodes saponellus, n. Sp., 234.
Melitæa abnorma, 238.
acastus, 190.
anicia, var. Beanii, 155.
augustina, 238.
cenita, 238.
_ colonia, 238.
eremita, 238, 300.
_ hermoso, 238.
‘4 feona, 238, 300.
mirabilis, 238.
olancha, 238.
sabina, 238, 300.
Sierra, 238.
Merodon equestris, 10.
Metapelma spectabilis, notes on, 458.
Microdon marmoratus, 2
“¢ tristis, 1.
6
Microdon viridis, 2
Microlepidoptera, new species, 193.
Micronecta malabarica, n. sp., 209. .
Micronecta, species occurring in India
and Ceylon, 209.
Microscope, mounting Insects for, 355.
Microstylum Wheeleri, n. sp., 173.
Miroideæ, table of families, 360.
Miselia carbonifera, n. Sp., 104
MITCHELL, Miss E. G., article by, 93
Mitchell, Miss E. G.'s Mosquito Life.
75, 81, 93-
Monohammus confusor, 447.
“¢ scutellatus, 446, 447.
titillator, 447.
Monophadnoïdes collaris, n. sp., 295:
CONCESSUS, N. SP., 294.
consobrinus, n. Sp., 294. .
, ,CONSPersus, N. Sp., 294.
conspiculata, n. Sp., 293..
conspicuus, n. Sp.» 293.
coracinus, N. SP. 295.
cordalus, n. Sp., 294.
costalis, n. sp., 295.
CrASSUS, N, SP., 294. .
Monophadnus æqualis, n. SP» 292.
‘ bipunctatus, n. sp., 292.
distinctus, n. Sp., 291.
minutus, N. SP., 291.
_Plicatus, n. sp., 292.
.. transversus, 1. SP., 292.
Monostegia Martini. n. SP.,, 366.
Monsoma, n. gen., 368.
‘« inferentia, 368.
MONTIZAMBERT, ERIC, articles by, 36,
140.
Morris, F. J. A., article by, 441.
Mosquito Life: E. G. Mitchell, 75, 81,
a
6
93.
Mosquito Notes, 32, 50, 351.
* Work, notes on, 309.
Mosquitoes of Brazil ; Peryassu, 211.
Society Island, 391.
Moths, early stages of N. American, 120.
Mounting Insects for the Microscope,
355:
Uysus Braggii, 1. sp., 17.
‘vince, n. Sp., 19.
Nacophora cupidaria, 124.
Nacophora quernaria, early stages,
122.
Nasusina, n. gen., 345.
‘ list of species, 345.
Nathicus virginæ, 92.
Neaporia metallica (type), 407.
f
468
Neaporia plagioderina, 407.
Nectarophora chrysanthemi, 67.
Neoborus amoenus, var. Pa/meri, n.
var., 112.
Neoborus (Xenoborus, n. subg.) commis-
suralis, n. Sp., 112.
Neocharactus, n. gen., 293.
7 UM Bakeri, n. sp., 293.
Neominois Ridingsii, 190.
Neomysia interrupta, 407.
Neopareophora, n. gen., 289.
‘< Martini, n. sp., 289.
scelesta, n. sp., 289.
Neotomostethus, n. gen., 290.
“6 hyalinus, n. sp., 290.
Népoideæ, t table of families, 360.
Nepytia pellucidaria, 456.
Nezara hilaris, nymph, 166.
66
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
Oropus debilis, n. sp., 277.
interruptus, 274.
““ Keent, n. sp., 275.
‘© Montanus, 275.
striatus, 275.
lestaceus, n. Sp., 274.
Orthosoma brunneum, 446.
OsBurRN, R. C., article by, 1
Os Culicideos do Brazil: Peryassu, 211.
Osmylidz, Fossil in America, 341:
plate).
Osmylidia, n. gen., 342.
requieta, 342.
Osmylus chrysops, 342.
Oxyptilus Bernardinus, n. sp., 314.
Palzochrysa vetuscula, 91.
Nicholls, Mrs., Noctuidz collected in |¢:Pamphila Californica, 239.
Alberta, B. C., and Washington, |”
f 66
102.
Niesthrea, species of, 243.
Nigrasilus, n. gen., 203.
‘< nilidifactes, n. Sp., 204.
Nisoniades afranius, 190.
‘< callidus, 239.
lacustra, 239.
persius, 190.
Noctuidæ, new American species, 77.
Noctuidz, notes on, collections in
Alberta, British Columbia and
Washington, 102.
Nomia Andrei, 145.
“ Bakeri, n. sp., 147.
ekutvensis, n. Sp., 144.
producta, 145.
Wellmani, n. sp., 146.
“ Welwitsch#, n. sp. 145.
Notonecta glauca, 210.
‘6 undulata, 210.
Notonectidæ, concerning, 210.
Notonectoideæ, table of families, 361.
66
64
‘6
«6
Ogmocerus Raffrayi, n. sp., 259.
Ohio Lake Laboratory, 140.
Olla abdominalis, 405, 406.
* Gorhami, n. Sp., 405.
minuta, n. Sp., 406.
oculata, 405.
Oropus abbreviatus, 275.
basalts, n. sp., 276.
brevipennis, n. Sp., 275.
castaneus, n. sp., 276.
cavicauda, 277.
convexus, 274.
curtipennis, n. sp., 276.
6
“ cernes, 189.
chispa, 239.
“ comma, var. Manitoba, 189.
‘« Manitoboides, 220.
“ peckius, 189.
sassacus, 220.
“ Tecumseh, 239.
Papaipema, new histories and species,
25.
Papaipema duplicata, n. Sp., 25, 255.
** imperspicua, n. Sp., 29.
‘ limata, n. Sp., 30.
“* Pterisii, 249.
‘< sctata, n. sp., 28.
Papilio Bairdii, 189.
‘< nitra, 189.
“* zolicaon, var. coloro, 237.
Paracharactus, n. gen., 292.
“* obscuralus, n. Sp., 293.
Parandra brunnea, 443.
Parasite, Chalcidoid, ofa Tick, 239.
Parasitism retarding development, 34-
Parataxonus, n. gen., 307.
“ multicolor, 367.
Parnassius smintheus, var. maynus, 237.
Parnassius smintheus, var. niger, 237.
PEARSALL, KR. F., articles by, 133, 197,
344; 456.
Pemphigus, Synopsis of the Genus:
Jackson, 220.
Periclista confusa, n. Sp.,
Phellopsis obcordata, 444.
Phlæothripidæ, new N. American, 305.
Phrontosoma, n. gen., 366.
alrum, n. sp., 367.
collaris, n. sp., 367.
“ Daecket, n. sp., 367.
‘ Nortoni, 367.
291.
66
IXDEX TO VOLUME XL.
Phyciodes ismeria, 155.
à nycteis, 190.
“ pascoensis, 238.
“¢ tharos, 155. ;
Ph ylloth rips. n. gen.. 305-
aspersus. 305-
7 €
Cllricornis, n. SP.. 305.
Phymatocera nigra, 289.
Physocnemum brevilineum, 445.
Pieris occidentalis. 185, 192.
* protodice in Alberta. 185.
** protodice in Manitoba, 21.
.6 rapæ oe [T1 21.
Pipiza nigripilosa. 2.
** pisticoides, 2.
quadrimaculata, 2,
Platandria Mormonica,.g2.
Platycleis Fletcheri, 332.
Platymetopius latus, 1 57:
obscurus, 157.
Platyptilia hesperis, n. sp., 316.
monticola, n. sp.. 316.
Pasadenensis, n. Sp., 317.
Walliamsii, n. sp., 315.
Platysamia Columbia Nokomis,
6e
373: :
Platysamia Columbia Winonah, 374.
Plume-moths of S. California, 313.
Plusia orophila, n. sp., 105.
Plusia precationis at Petunia blossoms,
16.
Poecilostoma albosecta, 368.
à inferentia, 368.
Polytaxonus, n. gen., 368.
6 robustus, 368.
Pontania brachycarpa, n. Sp., 40.
leucostoma, n. Pe 45.
maura, 0. Sp.,
megacephala, 1 Sp. 47.
melanosonra, n. sp., 48.
Practical and Popular Entomology, 85.
Prionus laticollis, 446.
Protagrotis Nicholle, n. sp., 102.
Pselaphidæ, remarks on new, 257.
Pselaphid genera, discussion of, 257
Pseudactium, n. yen., 271.
“ Carolina, n.sp., 274.
6
* ccphalicrom un. Sp, 274.
* mellinum, mn. sp. 272.
Pseudocleis, n. sen. 400.
” Hudsomesa, yoo,
** minor, ro.
" picta, LEZ
Pseudo-scorpions nain spent,
163.
Pseudoskuse A med
Mayer oturt
tte At 442.
nt fn, yf
350,
— ee eo
Psrude-urancienta tranguiata, n 2:
33!-
Psorodonotus pancici, 357.
“* radiata, 335.
Psyllobora, species of, 407.
Pteronus hypomeclas, n sp. 48
“s nofatus, 1. SP., 4Q
Pterophondæ of S. California, 313.
Pterephorus bacrharides, n. Sp, 317.
Behrii, a. spr. 319
Catalina, mw Sp, 31%
Gorgontensis, QL Sp, BTR
Hilda, n. sp.. 320.
Pictipennis, ASPs, 320,
Pterophorus subocraceus ansinedes, new
subsp., 318.
Purpuricenus humeralis, 443.
Prenoplectus Floride, we spr, 204,
** EMPrESS ICONS, NSP, AOS
dongipennis, np, 204.
Pyrameis atalanta, 165.
" CAryæ, 1090.
Pyrgus centaurww, 194
Pyrgus tessellata, var.
189.
os
LE]
occidentalla,
Quebec Society for the Protection at
Plants, 256.
Racheospila, synonymy of, not,
Recent work among the Horess, 340,
RevyNonps, AN, 1, article by, aa,
Rhacidorus Semon, pga
Rhadinocered siniilata, We apy, gun,
KRhagiunm ineatum, ggg.
Rheumatotrechuy Wwe gens, py
Rhenumatotrechius omission way,
4”.
Rhexius fe reuginety, we ap, she
Avrsutuy, wap ayy
" HET ulptun, 11)
” rues, RL) Lee A)
7 Schenitte, shes,
" LUNE ses ne. top. able
" Ce) si
RS EO Le ee qu,
[RAETET LE CETEN FORTE Woo hottes Miss cof
thaee Wreeat Eos, photo oi a TY à t/
DP brenpratere cep sa cel “entitis bone Css Cult,
a
Wheaprsla-ifplium nervastiene Un gi
fore tr age, fet
haven I. aggnentice sabe csntebeabea, aaa, sti
nltoosmtn, 495, alte,
nur bros otfderedonm, 444, allt,
ER |
INDEX TO VOLUME XL.
Rhynchagrotis Belfragei, 222, 286.
bimarginalis, 222, 223.
bruneicollis, 221, 223.
confusa, 222, 224,
costata, 222, 224.
crenulata, 222, 225.
cupidissima, 222, 287.
discoidalis, 222, 225.
duanca, n.Sp., 222, 228.
emarginata, 222, 226.
exsertistigma, 222, 225.
formalis, 222, 224.
gilvipennis, 221, 222.
inelegans, 222, 228.
lætula, 222, 225.
meta, 222, 226.
minimalis, 221, 223.
mirabilis, 222, 226.
nefascia,n. Sp., 222, 227.
niger, 222, 226.
placida, 222, 227.
rufipectus, 221, 223.
sambo, n. Sp., 222, 287.
scopeops, 222, 227.
trigona, 222, 287.
variata, 222, 226.
vittifrons, 222, 224.
Robertsonella Gleasoni, 235.
ROHWER, S. A., articles by, 45, 175:
322,
Samia Columbia Nokomis, 373.
Samia Columbia Nokomis, Early
stages, 350.
Saperda tridentata, 442.
. vestita, 441, 442.
Satyrus alope, var. nephele, 166.
* Stephensi, 238.
sylvestris, var. charon, 192.
Sawflies from Colorado, some Nematid,
+5:
Sawtlies, new species,
365.
Sciagraphia purcellata, n. sp., 98.
Sciapteryx punctum, 368.
Scymnus virginalis, 408.
Selandria floridana, 289,
* fumipennis, 290.
marginicollis, 291.
parva, 297.
rudis, 293.
Sesta Florissantella, n. sp., 330.
sé
125, 176, 280,
sé
ot
Sesit fragaria., var. semiprastans,
n. Var., 329.
Sestid Moths, new, 329.
Sitarida, notes on the Meloid genus,
422.
Sitarida, table of species, 424.
SKINNER, H., articles by, 14, 220, 354.
SLosson, Mrs. A. T., article by, 213.
SMITH, JOHN B., articles by, 221, 286.
Snow-flea, the Golden, 199 (plate),
Society Island Mosquitoes, 391.
Sphecomyia brevicornis, 11.
“ nasica, 0. Sp., 13.
‘< occidentalis, n. Sp.,
se table of species, a
Spiloneda, n. gen., 405. -
‘« Gilardini, 405.
Stagmatophora ceanothiella, n. Sp.,107.
Staphylinus violaceus, 444.
Stegomyia fasciatus (calopus), 32, 391.
‘6 scutellaris, 391.
Stenoptilia Californica, n. Sp., 321.
Coloradensis, 321.
‘6 Gorgoniensis, n. Sp., 321.
Sthenopis thule, 36.
Strongylogaster apicalis, 369.
cingulata, 369.
* confusa, n. sp., 369.
‘< contigua, 369.
‘< filicis, 369.
* mixta, 369.
‘+ spiculatus, n. sp., 369.
SWETT, L. W., articles by, 83, 245.
Synchloe australis, n. sp., 72.
6 Californica, 238.
lanceolata, 71.
Synelys enucleata, 83.
Syntomaspis thalassinus, n. sp., 43.
Syrphidz, new British Columbian, 1.
S rphus conjunctus, n. Sp.,7 (fig. ).
disjectus, 5.
geniculatus, 4.
genualis, 4.
glacialis, 4,
insolitus, n. Sp., 5 (fig.).
quinquelimbatus, 5.
Taxonus albidopictus, 366.
floridanus, 366.
montanus, 366.
unicinctus, 366.
synonymical notes, 366.
TAYLOR, GEO. W., articles by, 54, 93,
‘6
ix)
Temnostoma aequalis. 11.
alternans, 11.
Tenthredinoidea, notes and new spe-
—— cles, 175.
T essaromerus, n. gen., 452.
INDEX TO VOLUME XL,
Tessaromerus quadriarticulatus, n. sp.,
4$2-
? Tetralonia fulvitarsis, 234.
The Biter bit, 302.
Thecla augustus, 182.
‘* ~~ avolona, 238.
iroides, 182,
Mossii, 183.
polios, 183.
titus, 183.
7 Theridiidz, new species, 205.
Theridium interruptum, n. sp., 205.
“ pictulum, n. sp., 205.
Tick, Chalcidoid parasite of a, 239.
Tomostethus Nortonti, n. sp., 291.
Tornos, the species of, 133.
té
66
Tortricidz, genera and their types:
Fernald, 334.
Tortricidz, new species, 349.
Toxomerus Boseii, 8.
Toxoptera graminum, sexual forms,
53 (figs.).
Tragosoma Harrisii, 443, 446.
Trichoptilus Wrightii, n. sp., 314.
Triphæna and Rhynchagrotis, 221.
Type and Typical, 141,
Urographis fasciata, 447.
Van Duzes, E, P., articles by, 109,
157.
Vanessa Californica in Manitoba, 21.
oo
471
WALKER, E. M., articles by, 377, 450.
Walsingham’s Microlepidoptera of the
Hawaiian Islands, 134.
WASHBURN, F. L., article by, 53.
Wasps, new Philanthid, 322.
WATSON, F. E., article by, 85.
WELLMAN, F. C., article by, 422.
Winn, À. F., article by, 16.
Winter Insects, 132.
WoLcOTT, A. B., article by, 229.
Xanthogramma divisa, 7.
“6 fenuts,n. sp.. 8 (fig.).
Xanthorhes fluctuata, 59.
“ tata, n. Sp., 59.
Xylophilus Ashmeadi, 92.
Xylota marginalis, 10.
CORRIGENDA.
Page 124, line 15, for Macophora read
Nacophora.
Page 193, -lihe 6, for Lycæa read
Page 227, line 4 from bottom, for
ne ? nefascia.
Page 303, line 1, for leas read
Page 360, line 19, for ‘‘ fused meta-
sternum and first abdominal ster-
nite" read ‘‘ metasternum.”
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