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LIBELLULA TRIMACULATA. 


EDITED BY THE ®* 


Reve GJS. Bene, MACS ese 2 


HEAD MASTER OF TRINITY COLLEGE SCHOOL, 


PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 


ASSISTED BY 
Dr. James Fletcher and W. H. Harrington, Ottawa; 


H. H. Lyman, Montreal; and Rev. T. W. 
Fyles, South Quebec. 


Se > —__—_—_ 


London, Ont. : 
The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited. 


1897. 


LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME XXIx. 


NST OMUB DEO. ANY dl Ul Bn Se ole ere ee est icine ane 
BER, CARL I: .. 
NUN cy see INNS CNG NS 12 eben sere eet cy ae ou Mavateteyel Shel ets 64 + 
TEPNUIRYIN) os ge OPN ROW NL Lore ROAUME ens rec tcl o mi deee gd lence d's eas 
pe uUIN Ba. ©s)|s,92 ¢ lhe Editor), HOR.S.C.... 
BRAINERD, DWIGHT at 
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NGO) TEE NIRS TASS. 2%, sa 
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AO THINDNGUIN Grote, HIN Ggruatatele) sts. = 

DYAR, DR. HARRISON G 
Vy ANGE et ta TR On ee en 

MAU SESS Er oa) Vial be as speci cj foncneiceua ye Svat, « + Scusasers e's) 
BLETCHER, DR. JAMES, F.R.S.C 
DRENCH, PROD: G, 
BYES, REV... 1. Wi, 
OR, CoP 
GODING, DR. F. A 
GROTE, AL RADCLIEE 
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HARRINGTON, W. H., F- 


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KING, GEORGE B.. 

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TO ANANM BANE Tig UT EIN ROA is IY Es OR eae 
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PAS UeIL OLIN pe ie wie AVL INS Avan trsinie auctevepsie cs eels 


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SSTISSLUNENG ED INS oO) Derg ia OEGANUIN Ne ere che eiveicts 
SIAL GMINA NID Mise V a2) eS ties < 
STi PROF. JOHN, B.......<. 
SUNS BH OY RV COD es OLR 2) | eee ei eae 
SPLULE NAD AS STON, CEG WN) CU Ly] DS te a ee RR ir eh 
BOW NSOND G.I. TY IER. 

VAN DUZEEB, 22.2 
AS NU EAC) Od A ONS Lae 
WICKHAM, PROF, H. 
WEBSTER, PROF, F. W 
WOVAIEIMIN sett cv alsssacer tae 


Mid sete 6 el eiiskee «8 © + ¢ © © 6.0 \=).s 0/4) miele viele 


..Masr Yarp, N. 
.. OTTAWA. 

.. CARBONDALE, ILL. 
.. SOUTH QUEBEC. 


.NEW Brunswick, N. 
~ BEUMIDERE, LT. 


DeEcaTuR, ILLINOIS. 
Port Hore, ON?, 


. MONTREAL, 


MEsILLA, NEW MEXICO, 


.. AMHERST, MASs, 
.. WASHINGTON, D. C,. 
.. HARTFORD, CONN. 


WASHINGTON, D. C. 
PASADENA, CAL. 
lial 


Fort COLLINS, COL. 
RUTLAND, ILL. 
HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 
WINNIPEG, 

OTTAWA. 

LINCOLN, NEBRASKA. 
MasseT?, Q. C, ISLANDs, B.C, 


.. LAWRENCE, MAss. 


MALDEN, Mass, 
MONTREAL. 


“LONDON, ONT. 


KXIRKWOOD, MIssouRI. 
IrHaca, N. Y. 
AMES, Iowa, 


.. HARTFORD, CONN, 
. CARLINVILLE, ILL. 
.. CAMBRIDGE, Mass. 
.. PHILADELPHIA. 


ITHACA, N. Y. 


if 


MONTREAL, 


.. FRONTERA, MEXICO, 


BuFFAto, N. Y. 


.» TORONTO. 


Iowa City, Iowa. 
WoostER, OHIO. 
MONTREAL, 


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ENT., 


VOL. XXIX. 


THE CRINKLED FLANNEL MOTH, MEGALOPYGE 
CRISPATA, PACKARD. 


PLATE 


Ad oe ifomalogist. 


‘Not. XXIX. _LONDON, ae ARY, 1897. No. 1. 


THE CRINKLED FLANNEL MOTH i 5 
CRISPA'TA, PACK.). 
BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


September 3rd, 1895, I received several nearly full-grown specimens 
of the curious, sluglike caterpillars of this beautiful moth, so aptly named 
by Professor Comstock, “the crinkled flannel moth.” The cunning brown 
caterpillars were placed in a cage here at the insectary, where they fed 
freely on apple leaves, although they were feeding on quince when found 
at Worcester, Mass. Since Dr. Packard described the insect in its 
different stages in 1864, its life-history has been worked out in detail by 
Dr. Lintner (Ent. Contrib., II., p.: 138, 1870), and recently by Dr. 
Packard (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. for 1894, p. 275). In this last paper Dr. 
Packard has described and figured in detail the extra two pairs of 
abdominal legs (seven pairs in all) possessed by the caterpillars, and 
some curious lateral glandular processes. 

It is now our practice here at the insectary to photograph, so far as 
possible, every stage, phase, and habit of any insect that we may study. 
It is not often, however, that we have as good a subject as the crinkled 
flannel moth proved to be. The main object of this note is to introduce 
some of the lifelike pictures we were able to secure of this interesting 
and beautiful insect. 

As shown at @on the plate, three of the cunning little caterpillars 
posed for their photograph, which represents their natural size and brings 
out their characteristic appearance much better than any other figures we 
have seen. They spun their tough brown cocoons (represented natural 
size at aon the plate), with the tightly fitting and ingenious door at one 
end, on September sth. Upon prying open the door of one cocoon, the 
male pupa (shown natural size at 4 on the plate) was revealed. As the 
cage was kept in our warm office, the development of the insect was 
doubtless abnormally accelerated, for on December 21st and 24th the 
pupze pushed open the little doors, worked their way nearly out of the 
cocoon, and the moths emerged. We aimed our ‘“‘ Premo” at one of the 


- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


male moths as it was resting quietly and naturally on the muslin cover 
of the cage, with the result as shown at con the plate. We were some- 
what loath to kill such a pretty, daintily bedecked creature, but well, 
he now fills an honoured place in our collection here at the University. 
Figure ¢ on the plate well represents this pretty creature (twice natural 
size) as he now looks in the collection. Imagine the lighter portions of 
the figure to be of a delicate straw-yellow colour: and the darker waves 
and crinkles of a rich brown shade, and you have a faint conception of 
this crinkled flannel moth. 

I do not know that the insect has ever done enough damage to 
make it of economic importance. It certainly has a wide range of food 
plants, as shown by Mr. Beutenmiller (Ent. Americana, III., 180), who 
lists twenty-five different plants, and the cranberry has since been added 
in Massachusetts. Briefly stated, its life-history seems to be as follows: 
The eggs are laid about July 1, and hatch in a week or ten days; the 
caterpillars feed during July and August, pupating in September ; some 
of the moths may emerge in the fall, but doubtless most of them hibernate 
as pupe, the moths appearing in June and some laying their eggs. 


TORONTO BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
OF ONTARIO. 


It is with much gratification that we announce the formation of a 
branch of our Society in Toronto. In the month of February last a 
number of entomologists in Toronto, feeling their isolation and need of 
co-operation, met together and decided to form an organization for the 
promotion of the study of entomology. They accordingly established 
‘The Toronto Entomological Society,” with Mr. E. V. Rippon as 
President, and Mr. Arthur Gibson, Secretary. Regular meetings have 
been held on the first and third Fridays of each month, and recently a 
room has been engaged at 451 Parliament Street, where the books and 
collections are kept and the meetings held, and which is open at all times 
for the use of the members. For the last ten months the Society has 
been very successful and its members full of enthusiasm; much satis- 
factory work has been accomplished, and great pleasure has been derived 
by the members from meeting with kindred spirits, comparing specimens, 
discussing questions that arise from time to time, and giving and receiv- 
ing much assistance in many ways. 

Recently the desirability of affiliating with the old-established Ento- 
mological Society of Ontario was brought before the members, and after 


© 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


full deliberation it was decided to become incorporated with it as a 
“Branch,” in accordance with the terms of our Constitution. It will 
therefore be known,from the beginning of the New Year, as ‘“‘ The Toronto 
Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario.” It is hoped that every 
one interested in entomology, living in Toronto or the neighbourhood, 
will join the “ Branch,” and thus become members of our Society. The 
next meeting will be held on Friday evening, January 8th, at 8 o’clock, 
when visitors will be heartily welcomed. 

The Montreal Branch has been in active operation for over twenty- 
three years, and held its zooth meeting a few months ago, We hope 
that in time to come the Toronto Branch may be able to boast of a 
similar record, and that each year as it goes by may find it growing and 
prospering, and doing good work for the furtherance of the science of 
entomology in the Dominion of Canada. 


BREPHOS MIDDENDORFI, Mev. 

On April 25th, 1896, I made a very lucky capture of a perfect speci- 
men of this rare and beautiful meth. The afternoon being sunshiny 
and warm —one of our first spring days —I had gone out to look for 
beetles in a piece of wood along the Red River, a few miles from the 
city. This locality had proved rich in Carabide in 1894, about the same 
date. Greatly to my disgust, I found the place transformed, all logs and 
‘‘brush” having been cleared away the previous season, and hardly a 
beetle of any kind was to be found. 

The moth in questicn was first seen to alight on the bank of a cut- 
ting leading down to the river; when disturbed from there by my investi- 
gations as to its identity, it flew up and down the roadway for a little 
while, and then hovered about some patches of mud, occasionally resting 
on the mud in the sunshine, very much after the manner of some of our 
butterflies. By this time I had got near enough to it to discover that it 
was something quite new to me, and my desire to capture it was there- 
fore increased ten-fold. I had no net with me; in fact, I was only pro- 
vided with a rather narrow-necked cyanide bottle for Coleoptera (the 
neck of my bottle was not an inch in diameter). That I was able, after 
several futile attempts, to get the mouth of the bottle down over it as it 
sat in the road, without damaging it in any way, was a matter of surprise 
at the time and congratulation whenever I have thought of itsince. I 
certainly never made a more lucky capture. To Prof. John B. Smith I 
am indebted both for the identification and for his generosity in returning 
the specimen to me, A. W. Hanuam, Winnipeg, Man, 


4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ON THE MEXICAN BEES OF THE GENUS AUGOCHLORA. 
BY T. D, A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M. 


The Mexican species of this beautiful genus may be readily separated 
by the following table :— 
A. Hind spur of hind tibia minutely ciliate or simple. = AUGOCHLORG; S. str. 


1. Entirely copper colour, with tints of carmine.... ...flammea, Sm. 
2. Head and thorax dark indigo blue, abdomen black with some green 
reMlectiONnS® f4....5 awsome. + + Siete epee kv 5 ecole ORT OLY IIE, ae 
>. Head and ‘thoraxcereetines i. <' «even oly etre: tard See ee 4. 
4. Abdomen black, size small... 2.2.02. J. kus... os: SEMPER, Noe 
Abdomen crimson. Bh ed DAA it, fee 
Abdomen green, writhoie Bay. bende) saseeern ss 
5. Hind margins of abdominal segment Beastly piace! large blue- 
green species, with fuscous nervures.. . .Binghami, n. sp. 6. 
Hind margins of abdominal segments narrowly or not black; smaller, 
more yellowish-preen'Species. --:.. dace + seis eo oe ot 
6. Small, wings dusky, nervures fuscous.............aurifera, N. sp. 
Medium size, neryuares dull-testaceous:< x.y... 22... 2)» fee 
7. Face broad, emargination of eyes deep ..... .......¢abrosa, Say. 
Face narrow, emargination of eyes shallow............pura, Say. 
B. Hind spur of hind tibia pectinate. = AUGOCHLOROPSIS, 
SUD PATO Vs, ; Abies eget Me Sa . (type, sudignita). 
. Head and wore black, Piiecn foeuteieene Ra IE aspasta, Sm. 
Head iand thoraxcercemer 2 4.2: .' sass netic As Se beeen 
2. Abdomen crimson. sore 3 te ees: Ckll. 
Abdomen brassy, ish iense sheen pitons pilbestents beyond 
basal segment. oe ed eee .aurora, Sm. 
Abdomen green, bf ithe same coltuee as shea Be chinese with two 
narrow bands of yellow pubescence.............splendida, Sm. 


C. Hind spur of hind tibia not yet described. 

1. Bright green, agreeing only with sf/endida in having abdominal 

hair-bands, but these are white. pulses coe tu 5) 1a VETIQ GIG 
2. Small piceous species ; margin af Feather: postscutellum, most - 
of enclosure of metathorax, and bases of second and third abdomi- 

nal segments shining green. ) Oe . .tisiphone, Gribodo. 

A. labrosa is cited from Niericd ie its descnuey but I have not seen 

it from that country. Mr. Robertson sends it to me from Illinois. There 
are two species found in Texas, which may be expected also across the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 


Mexican border. One of them is what passes for A. sumptuosa, Sm., in 
this country, and indeed agrees with Smith’s description; but Col. 
Bingham finds that a co-type in the British Museum belongs to Section A 
above (spur minutely ciliate), while our insect belongs to Sect. B. It is 
just possible that the B. M. co-type is not identical with the true type of 
sumptuosa ; if this is not so, our swmptuosa will have to be renamed. 
The other Texan species referred to was recorded by Cresson as 
A. lucidula, Sm., but it differs from that, and is referable to A. humeradis, 
Patton, of which it may perhaps constitute a geographical race. I have 
several specimens collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend at Beeville, 
Texas, Aug. 29, 1896, on a species of Composite. Col. Bingham’s 
studies at the British Museum show that 4. humeradis, which belongs 
to Sect. B, cannot be identical with A. fervida, Sm., as Robertson has 
supposed, since that belongs to Sect. A. Also, Patton was wrong in 
referring Zucidu/a, Sm., which belongs to Sect. B, to vériduda, Sm., which 
is of Sect. A. I will now describe the two new species indicated 
above :— 


Augochlora Binghami, n. sp. (subg. Augochlora, s. str.)—¢%. Length 
about 12 mm., brilliant bluish-green, the face a yellower green. Face nar- 
rowing below, eyes deeply emarginate ; sides of face with conspicuous, 
partly appressed, silky white pubescence ; cheeks with long white hairs. 
Clypeus, supraclypeal area and middle of vertex with sparse, inconspicuous 
black hairs. Clypeus rather prominent, subcancellate with very large 
close punctures, its anterior margin and the upper half of the labrum 
whitish, mandibles wholly dark. Vertex finely and very closely punctured. 
Antenne reaching to base of wings, piceous, flagellum obscurely rufescent 
beneath, last joint conspicuously hooked. Mesothorax shining, with very 
distinct rather small close punctures, much densest at the sides, where a 
minute cancellation results. Parapsidal grooves distinct. Prothoracic 
keel fairly strong. Enclosure of metathorax fairly well defined, irregularly 
wrinkled, its hind margia gently curved, not angled. Posterior truncation 
roughened, bounded below at sides by an acute ridge, which ascending 
rapidly fails. Pubescence of thorax sparse, grayish-white, black and 
inconspicuous on dorsum. ‘Tegule shining piceous, anteriorly whitish, 
basally green and punctured. Wings smoky-hyaline, apical margin 
darker, stigma dull testaceous, nervures fuscous, marginal cell miriutely 
appendiculate. Legs green with black tarsi, pubescence short and pale. 
Abdomen shining, closely punctured, hind margins of segments broadly 


6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


purplish-black. No hair-bands, but a very fine glittering pile all over, 
longer pale hairs at base of first segment, sparse black hairs on dorsum of 
hindmost segments and at tip. Punctuation of second segment con- 


spicuously closer than that of first. Venter piceous, first three segments 


with blue reflections. End of third segment with a large dark brown 
brush of hair, shaped like the tail of a fish; ¢. e. deeply emarginate, the 
sides diverging and ending in a point. 

Hab.—San Rafael, Vera Cruz, March 13, on flowers of plant No. 4, 
which is papilionaceous (C. H. T. Townsend). 

This beautiful species is named after Lt.-Col. Bingham, without whose 
notes on the British Museum types I should not have attempted this 
paper. 

Augochlora aurifera, n. sp. (subg. Augochlora, s. str.)— 2. Length 
about 74% mm, green; head and thorax dullish, rather a bluish-green ; 
abdomen shining, a yellower green, with the hind margins of the segments 
very narrowly coppery. Face fairly broad, emargination of eyes deep. 
Pubescence of head and thorax sparse and inconspicuous, dirty whitish, 
some black hairs on thoracic dorsum ; lower part of face in certain lights 
canescent. Clypeus with close punctures of unequal size, supracypeal 
area more finely punctured, vertex coarsely granular. Labrum and 
margin of clypeus black. Mandibles notched within, stout, rufescent 
medially. Glossa very long and narrow, coming to a fine point. An- 
tenne black, flagellum slightly rufescent beneath. Mesothorax very 
closely, finely, and uniformly punctured. Enclosure of metathorax con- 
spicuously longitudinally, or rather radiately, sulcatulate. Truncation 
shining, finely malleate, with a median groove. Tegulz shining piceous, 
the margin subhyaline. Wings smoky, stigma dull testaceous, nervures 
fuscous, marginal cell appendiculate. Legs piceous-black, with brownish 
pubescence ; only the anterior femora show any green. Abdomen shin- 
ing, with minute, not very close, punctures ; pubescence very sparse, no 
hair-bands. It requires a strong lens to see the abdominal punctures. 

Hfab.—San Rafael, Vera Cruz, March 9, on flowers of plant No. 6, 
referred by Dr. Rose to the genus JZe/opodium. ‘The hind legs, base of 
thorax and abdomen, and ventral surface of abdomen, carry considerable 


quantities of the orange pollen. Another specimen differs by being much 
bluer, the punctuation a little coarser, the stigma fuscous ; but it is evi- 
dently the same species. It is from San Rafael, March 14, on flowers of 
plant No. 5, a Vernonia. Both were collected by Prof. C. H, T. Town- 
send, 


~J 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 


BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


XIX. THE CHRYSOMELID® OF ONTARIO AND (QUEBEC -— ( Continued ). 
Tripe 1X.—GALERUCINI. 

This tribes includes a number of species which are, asa rule, easily 
distinguished by the peculiar appearance given by their soft integuments 
and usually somewhat elongate form. ‘A number of them are pubescent, 
while others, on account of the peculiar sculpture of the surface, are quite 
opaque, the effect on the eye being, at first glance, the same in each case. 
The elytra in our species are longer than the abdomen, the prothorax is 
margined, the antenn approximate, inserted on the front, the hind legs 
with rather slender thighs, not fitted for leaping. It will be remembered 
in this connection that I consider the Halticini as a distinct tribe. 

Many of the Galerucini are extremely injurious, the striped cucum- 
ber beetle being well known and dreaded by gardeners ; its congener, 
Diabrotica longicornis, which has lately been found by Mr. Harrington 
in the Eastern Provinces, is a notorious pest to corn in the United States. 
In the Northeastern States the imported elm-leaf beetle, Galerucella 
xanthomelena, Schr., is doing much mischief, but I cannot find that it is 
reported from Canada. If found, it may be distinguished from all our 
other species of Gaderucel/a by the colour of the antennz, which are 
piceous above and fale beneath, while the elytra are comparatively finely 
and equally punctate. It is yellowish above, the head with one dark 
spot, the thorax with three, the elytra with a short inner stripe (sometimes 
wanting), and a long one from the humerus ; legs pale, each femur with a 
small dark spot. 

The tribe has recently been worked up in an excellent paper by Dr. 
Horn, and this has been closely followed and freeiy used in the prepa- 
ration of the following pages. In order to avoid the constant repetition of 
quotation marks and statements of acknowledgments, it is well to say that 
the differential characters brought out are in almost every case those used 
by the Doctor, and that while I have not scrupled to change the arrange- 
ment of his tables where it seemed to me more likely to serve the pur- 
pose of the present article, I have, on the other hand, found it impos- 
sible to improve on most of his expressions, and have therefore used 
them entire. With this acknowledgment of the source of whatever is 
good in the paper, we may proceed to separate the genera occurring in 
Canada, thus :— 


8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


A. Anterior coxal cavities open behind. 
b. Claws simple or bifid. 
c. Tibi without terminal spurs; epipleura of elytra extend- 
ing nearly to apices. 
d. Antenne longer than one half the body ; claws deeply bifid. 
Third antennal joint shorter than fourth ; large 


SPECIGSAa n=.» tne deus oo LPIR@Oaee 

Third joint ae than, Pee small 
SPCGIES A. ee Rasp . Galerucella. 
dd. Antenne ieee than Selle: as slong as body ; ese simple or 
narrowly bifid ...... Dalapove ths acd)-alsh ©, bk Sah Oe aaa 


cc, Tibize (middle and posterior) with terminal spurs, outer edge 
more Or. Jess Carimaté .. . Gilson by bon cicie er ayes 


bb. Claws appendiculate (¢. e. with broad dilatation at base). 
Epipleura not distinct, tibiz without spurs..... Phyllobrotica. 
Epipleura distinct, all the tibiz with spurs.......Zaperodes. 


AA. Anterior coxal cavities closed behind. 
Large species, tarsal claws bifid, tibiae without spurs... Gaderuca. 
Smaller species, claws appendiculate, tibiz with spurs. . Cerotoma. 


I have omitted Sce/olyperus from the above table, although the 


Southern Californian §S. macudicol/is, Lec., is in the Society list. The 
genus belongs in the group with open anterior coxal cavities, appen- 


diculate claws and well-defined epipleura. In the scheme it would — 


precede Luperodes, from which it differs in having no tibial spurs. The 
species above mentioned is about one-fourth of an inch in length, head 
and under surface black, thorax either yellow with three dark spots or 
entirely black, elytra bluish or greenish. Antenne two-thirds as long as 
the body, piceous, with three basal joints pale beneath. 


TRIRHABDA, Lec. 


Large insects, of rather elongate-oblong form, usually of somewhat 
opaque surface, the thorax in most cases spoited, the elytra bluish, 
greenish, or brownish, with yellowish stripes. They are to be taken 
during the summer months by sweeping rank herbage in lanes and 
meadows, and may often be taken in numbers on the golden-rod. Dr. 
Horn has thus separated our species : 

A. Surface of body without any trace of metallic lustre in the markings, 
these being opaque or brownish. 


— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 


b. Elytral punctures so dense as to be indistinct as such. 
Yellow vitte of elytra attenuate to apex. .30-.40 


te SE MS Se RR LL RS er Ere Tae eed Bb ULB 
Yellow vitte broad, parallel and entire. .28-.38 
in. oe . canadensis, Kby. 
bb. Elytral Ee chaten Hones: but aistinetly sepa Elytra normaliy 
vittate as in canadensis. .26-.36 in..........virgata, Lec. 


AA. Surface of body with metallic lustre ; if not in the markings of the 
elytra, at least on those of the head and thorax. Punctuation 
of elytra comparatively rough. 

Elytra ee blue;: except» border. .-.20=.32 


iT peers a Ms .-flavolimbata, Mann. 
Elytra with outer arder ane ictal vitta = elias 
Se SOI state has faitiake hs) 724. oe eOnwer pens. 1aec! 


GALERUCELLA, Crotch. 


This genus, as now understood, contains species formerly dis- 
tributed partially in Adimonia and partially in Galeruca. Many 
of them are quite common, and are to be found in the sweepings 
of meadows, on water lilies, Sagittarza, Eupatorium, or occasionally on 
the leaves of deciduous trees, as in the case of G. cavicoldis, which I have 
taken abundantly on wild cherry. All but three of the North American 
species have been recorded from Canada, and Dr. Horn’s table is here 
reproduced almost in full, though some portions are transposed, and the 
remainder made to include the non-vittate specimens of G. americana, so 
as to render identification a trifle more easy when reference cannot be 
had to detailed descriptions. The limit of variation in some of the 
vittate forms is very wide, and has resulted in the multiplication of 
nominal species. It is believed that the table will now cover any cases 
likely to be met with in the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. In case 
of the occurrence there of the elm-leaf beetle, a reference to the first page 
of this article will result in its proper identification. 

A. Colour red. 
Elytra more coarsely punctured, intervals between punctures dis- 


tinct, surface shining. .18-.22in.............cavécollis, Lec. 
Elytra finely and densely punctured, surface rather opaque. 
.18-.22 in. se ; Leet ova nna. FRyRSaRoUINCZ,; Say. 


AA. Colour pela Weconiistik or piceous, elytra: vittate or not. 
b, Elytra normally vittate, 


10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


c. Elytra scarcely explanate at sides, middle coxe separated. 
Elytra convex, coarsely punctate ; thorax more or less shin- 
ing, spotted indistinctiy if at all. .14-.26 
TD. v6.2 3S ee OR ade. Seopa americana, Fabr. 
Elytra less convex, more closely and less coarsely punctate, 
thorax opaque with three spots. .20-.24 
rnd ; : oo. 0, Sexual bee. 
cc. Elytra disudeny Seatkate. one: coxe contiguous, 
Sutural vitta re by next at or behind the 


middle. Sr4—2600in.: . ee woeeas.. otudata, Fabr. 
Vitta next to the Staical very hort basa? .14-.20 
in.. : ; é ; sci ale-le) svn as SOL CEG OE ae 
bb. Elytra not Hae atten with Lighen aide eet 
d. Form convex, elytra coarsely punctate... ...americana, var. 


dd. Form not notably convex. 

e. Middle coxze separated, thorax angulate at middle, sub- 
sinuate behind, hind oe obtuse. .18—.24 
Ute : ieee iced nymphee, Linn. 

Be: wiidcles cox contiguous, bana Baniee a thonae distinct. 
Thorax coarsely, not very closely, punctate..zotudata, var. 
Thorax densely eae and opaque. .18-.22 

it, <a See aes Dies ids gees = ost cg AGRE TE 


Monoxia, Lec. 

M. consputa, Lec. (guttulata), has been recorded on the Society’s 
list. It is a small insect, .14-.18 in. long, of a somewhat oblong form, 
resembling some Gaderuce//e, but with shorter antenne; yellowish or 
reddish-yellow in colour, elytra often with numerous very small black 
spots. It is common on the plains to the westward, but I have*seen no 
specimens from Ontario or Quebec, and it is just possible that an 
immaculate specimen of Galerucella notudata has been mistaken for it. 


Diaprotica, Chevr. 

Here belongs the striped cucumber beetle (D. vittata, Fabr., Fig. 
1), SO common on and often injurious to cucumber and 
squash vines. It isa little less than one-fourth of an inch in 
length, yellow above ; head, scutellum, and three elytral 
stripes (one common sutural, one discal on each wing-cover) 
black. Basal joints of antennez partially yellowish, legs with 
dark tarsi and knees, front tibie and tips of middle and hind tibize also 


Fic. 1, 


tit CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. al 


dark. The twelve-spotted Diabrotica, D. 12-punctata, Fabr. (Fig. 2), in 
~~ life is pale greenish above, turning to yellowish in old cabinet 
specimens ; antenne dark, with three basal joints pale, head 
Ae eX. black, scutellum dark, each elytron with six black spots. Legs 
fete { dark, basal half of femora pale. Size a little greater than the 
Fic.2, preceding. Mr. Harrington has recently found D. dongicornis, 
Say, in the Eastern Provinces. It may easily be distinguished by its 
smaller size and immaculate green, fading to yellowish, elytra. 
PHYLLOBROTICA, Chevr. 

These are very pretty insects, marked with yellow and black. Two 
have been recorded from Canada, but as there is a chance of error in 
determination I herewith include Z/mbata as well, since its other recorded 
distribution seems to indicate a more northern range than is found in 
discoidea. All three have yellow head and thorax. Dr. Horn thus 
defines them : 

Elytra yellow, with two oval piceous spots on each (Fig. 3), .22-.28 

Eee RENE Mae eee NM ce fal Sac eee eee ae OEOP AIG, Daye 

Elytra piceous, sides and suture yellow. 

Thorax with moderately deep fovea each side. .14-.26 
Meyer ee ee Se Le PA -aisraiiea, Valar: 
Thorax with transverse depression. .14-.26 in...//mbata, Fabr, 


LuUPERODES, Motsch. 


Contains one Canadian species, Z. meraca, 
Say, an elongate insect, .20 in. long, dark blue or 
blue-black above, piceous beneath, thorax nearly 
equal in length and breadih, hind angles acute 
and prominent, disk convex, smooth, elytra 
sparsely punctate. Legs yellow, basal half of 
femora piceous. It has been reported by Mr. 
Chittenden as feeding on the witch-hazel, while 
on another occasion he found it in great numbers 
on the flowers of the wild rose, the petals of 
which served as food. 


GaLeruca, Geoff. 

G. externa, Say, represents the genus in North America, and while 
commoner to the eastward, has been reperted from Canada. It isa 
robust insect, easily known from our other Galerucini by the large size 

27-.44 in.) and broadly oval form. The colour is blackish, outer margin 


12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. © 


of elytra yellowish, upper surface coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra 
with four more or less well-marked cost#. The food-plant of this beetle 
is sull unknown to me, for, while I have collected a great many speci- 
mens, they were always found under logs or stones. 
CrrotToMa, Chevr. 

Represented by C. trifurcata, Forst. (caminea, 
Fabr.), resembling somewhat the common Diadrotica 
12-punctata in form, but shorter. Head and under side 
of body black, upper surface of thorax and elytra 
yellowish or occasionally red. Elytra marked with 
black, as shown in fig. 4, this pattern being often re- 
duced or added to by the greater or less extension of 
the yellow. Length, .14-.20 inch. Mr. Chittenden records the bush- 
clover, Lespedeza, as a food plant, and remarks that legumes form the 
chief food of the species. My own captures have been, for the most 
part, made by overturning boards and chips in patches of meadow land 
during the middle of spring. 


A GENERIC REVISION OF THE HYPOGYMNIDZ 
(LIPARID#). 


BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 


Before the generic names of our moths can become permanent, it is 
necessary that all the described genera should be compared, but specially 
the older genera of Europe. To make a beginning in this matter, I have 
drawn up the following synoptic table of the Hypogymnidz, based on 
the characters used in Hampson’s Moths of India, adding thereto the 
species found in Europe and in North America. The types of the genera ~ 
are recognized as determined by Kirby. 

Probably but few, if any, changes will be necessary from this list, as 
the African and South American species for the most part belong to other 
genera, or else have later dates than the generic names here defined. 

I exclude two genera given by Hampson, viz.: Retarda and 
Thiacidas. ‘The latter seems to me to be a Noctuid, perhaps one of the 
Apatelide, while the former has the venation of the Tineides and is 
without frenulum ; it probably represents a new family type. 

In the Tentamen, Hubner gives the three plural terms, Hypogymne, 
Leucome, and Dasychire, all referring to this family. As these appear 
to be the first plural terms, one of them must stand for the family. The 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 


term Liparidz as used by Herrich—Schaffer, Kirby, etc., and the Lyman- 
triide of Hampson cannot stand. Grote at first used Dasychire, as in his 
list of 1882. Later he selected Leucomide (Syst. Lep. Hild., 1895), and 
finally Hypogymnide (Syst. der Nord. Schmett., 1896). Dasychiridz is 
unavailable as the generic term becomes synonymous, and the first of 
Hiubner’s terms may best be retained. 

Two new generic terms seem necessary. The two European species 
of Ocneria are not congeneric, as one has two pairs of spurs on the hind 
tibize and the other but one. The latter may be separated under the term 
Parocneria, type detrita, Esp. The same is the case with our species of 
Notolophus. All the European species which I have seen, and our 
antigua and vetusta, have one pair of spurs, as stated by Hampson. The 
larve have black heads. Two other species, /ewcostigma and definita, 

-have two pairs of spurs, and may be called Hemerocampa. The larve 
have pale heads. 

I add to the synopsis a partial list of species. Kirby and Hampson 
may be consulted for details, and for the genera not specifically 
mentioned. : 


1. Primaries With vein 1o from the accessory cell...............6.-.2- 
Primaries with vein 10 from beyond the accessory cell.... MWardara. 
Primaries without accessory cell, or rarely with ohe with vein 10 

before the accessory cell or joined to vein I1............... Wa: 

Be EAIDE, POTRECE OAs ais ete ee tae ol SR pe Ye ae a atte aah oa eae 
Er eRe Serta A. ss 2s + a sae deni Pe a 

eS eidine) tipize Wit MO-SPUTSs. Qc se ew te ce wae ye eS VOTMNas 
Eine) bie with Onet pair, of Sspurs,).. 3. See 20 et be ow ide 
Hind tibiew with two pairs of spurs. «5 A eran tetas < taro Ge 

4. Female with well-developed wings. =f ESeee evs Os oso BR 
Female with the wings useless, larly aborted J RHS2 Hypogymna (2). 
Female with aborted wings. ae .. otolophus (3). 

5. Robust, the palpi not or phe shehily axceadians the 

front.. Ihe ee . Gynaephora (1). 
Fragile with “goal! Bods; The papi consieeaiae exceeding 

the front.. ae SP Pee ie elo ore . Pantana. 

6. Primaries Pugueaia biped... eee RR OR ae me ef 


Primaries more produced... ‘ 
7. Female with well developed wings............. Spi 
Female with aborted wings.... ......+.. ea pee: esi 


(ooo) 


14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
8. Fore tarsi with lateral tufts of hair on the joints...........Cifuna. 
Fore ‘tarsi without ‘these 4ufts..< ..: see Jeane Ao eee 
g. Fore tarsi smooth haired ; palpi long.................Zaelia (4). 
Fore tarsi more’ roughly”haired ‘or ‘tufted. 7). ..05.1.. (28 -- gees 
ro, Palpi not reaching beyond the frontwere.. ules Or ‘gyta (5). 
Palpi reaching beyond the front. Peers . .. Olene (6). 
11. Palpi slight, closely ee nated to the font; sini not 
reaching: the wenrkexseeiec.. xen ie seeeiacte oo. + Deplasa, 
Palpi reaching. the:vertex ss 2... 2 gets aie Gy. shee < po <eta ace 
Palpi-reaching above the vertex .. Ui. a's. = cas sk co 
12. Primaries with veins 7 to ro\stalked’s, , «4... ss. tens eee eee 
Primaries with veins 8 to ro stalked. ee hs ta ee 
Primaries with vein ro from the cell, or pareli stalled sath LD ees 
13. ‘Palpi-uptumed..< ..2 kph... :. Soe Gis cates kan ee 14. 
Palpiporrect..'. ce std ao): - scpeieeue ale Sica nega eee 17. 
r4. Primaries with the apex rounded .Ji24... «2 $.s4 die See 
Primaries with the apex acute. site la ld oS Fare als | Tope 
15. Primaries with veil’ ro given off - near the apex. Jans - a deh ape. 
Primaries with vein to given off nearer the cell dlink Veln7 5 ears 
16. Female with well developed wings................ Lymantria (8). 
Female with aborted wings’... . ~ <jsic .</si/s.e.seiek, « 8 eee ee 
rz. .Posterior tibie with. two pairs of spurs. 2c).\..5 «ie eee 18. 
Posterior tibiz with one-pair of spurs... ......%).. i.02 } aes 
18. Palpi short. . «pia Simin’ wie, = + sahinve Wie’ EONS, © AERIS Or sauna 
Palpi long . veSkiettersse vets: 5. & “See eran ok can eueas knee, Sogn 
tg. Vein 5 of sccouenae eee Bs Bate iefave SE Laem (12). 
Vein 5 of secondaries Ane 5 hate tse Sasi . eee 
20. Primaries with vein ro given af near fea APEX 4 Peaks Bape octis a3). 
Primaries with vein ro nearer the cell, or with vein 7....... Crspia. 
21.-Palpi very, minute... Vasls ss cj eies me ae «2k le eee 
Palpi rather long........ sgaleldia/y sisted) «+ ~jesetk- sel gen 
22. Antenne of fetmale with jong pectinations. . . . . .s/'es =«/yeee ene 
Antenne of the female with short pectinations........ Ocneria (11). 
23. Vein 5 of secondaries near lower angle of cell ; palpi 
very Omg... cnn en 4s mee «wlan Whew in py Re Od ee 
Vein 5 near upper angle of cell; veins 3 and 4 united.... Gazelina. 
24. Palpi pOorkect: se. 2/6 <”. BS. See eee eee 25. 


Palpt niptumed toes). 0S! eee eee {are (5). 


ee 


an 


26, 


[o>) 


Io. 


DE: 


12, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 15 


Palpi long ; hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs............Himada. 
Palpi short ; hind tibie with one pair of spurs.................26. 
Secondaries with veinlets between vein 1 and margin. . Dendrophelps. 
Secondaries without supplementary veinlets........S¢//pnotia (15). 


enus GyN#eHorA, Hiibner. 


Type selenitica, Esp. Also, dadacensis, Moore (Hampson I., 435, 
as Lachana) ; rvosszz, Curt., and probably groendandica, Hom., 
which 1 have not seen. 


. Genus Hypocymna, Hibner. 


Type morio, Linn. 


. Genus NoTo.Lopuus, Germ. 


Type antigua, Linn. Also, gonostigma, Linn.; ericie, Germ.; 

? b] 5} fo} > >) b ) 

postica, Walk.; viridescens,Walk.; turbata, Butl.; vetusta, Boisd.; 
cana, Hy. Edw.; gulosa, Hy. Edw. 


. Genus Lae ia, Stephens. 


Type coenosa, Hiibn. Also 12 Indian species. 


. Genus Orcy1A, Ochs. (= Dasychira, Hiibn.) 


Type fascellina, L. Also pudibunda, L. 
Genus OLENgE, Hiibn(= || Dasychira, Hampson = Parorgyia, Packard). 
Type mendosa, Hubn. Also adzetzs, Den. & Sch. ; cinnamomea, 
G. R.; achatina, A. S.; leucophea, A. S.; plagiata, Walk. ; 
and 18 Indian species. 


. Genus HEMEROcAMPA, Dyar. 


Type eucostigma, A. S. Also definita, Pack. 


. Genus LyManTrRIA, Hubn. 


Type monacha, L. Also dispar, L., and 14 species from India. 


. Genus ENomE, Walk. 


Type ampla, Walk. Also ten other Indian species. Hampson 
makes this a section of Lymantria, but I regard it as a higher 
group. 

Genus ParocnertA, Dyar. 
Type detrita, Esp. 
Genus OcNERIA, Hubn. 

Type ruébea, Fab. 

Genus Leucoma, Hubn., Tent. (= Forthesia, Steph.) 

Type sémiis, Fuessl. Also two Indian species. 


16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


13. Genus Euprocris, Hubn. (= Artaxa, W1k.) 
Type chrysorrhea, \.. Also fifty-three Indian species. See 
Hampson for the generic synonymy. 
14. Genus ARCTORNIS, Germ. (= || Zeucoma, Steph.= || Laria, Schr.) 
Type Z-nigrum, Mull. Also eight Indian species. 
15. Genus Stitpnotia, Westw. & Hump. (= Zeucosia, Ramb. = Chara/la, 
Moore = Caragola Moore = Vymphyxis, Grote.) 
Type sa/icis, Linn. Also six Indian species listed under Caviria, 
Walk., which, however, is a South American genus, and not 
strictly congeneric with the Indian forms. 


CATALOGUE OF THE PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PARASITIC 
HYMENOPTERA OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. 


BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F.R. S. C., OTTAWA. 


The following list is based upon a very interesting collection made, 
chiefly at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, by the Rev. G. W. Taylor, F.R.S.C., 
but includes such other species as I have found described, or recorded 
from Vancouver Island. Even with such additions it is a short list in 
comparison with those that could be compiled from much less extensive 
areas in Ontario. British Columbia has, as yet, had but few resident 
entomologists, and its rich fauna is, in consequence, but poorly known. 
Butterflies and beetles have been fairly well collected, but in other direc- 
tions there are almost unexplored fields for investigation. 

I have found but little literature relating to the Hymenoptera of 
Vancouver Island, and but scanty records of species captured there. 
Lord, in his interesting narrative of a Naturalist in British Columbia, has 


an appendix enumerating the insects secured by him, with descriptions of ~ 


a few new species. Cresson, in a paper entitled Descriptions of Ichneu- 
monide, chiefly from the Pacific Slope of the United States and British 
North America (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phil; Nov., 1878), described 
about twenty-five species from the Island, contained in the collections of 
the late distinguished entomologists, Mr. H. Edwards and Mr. Crotch. 
The late Abbé Provancher described a few species in the CANADIAN 
Entomotocist (Vol. XVII, p. 114), and in the Additions to his Petite 
Faune Entomologique du Canada credits the Island with some thirty-five 
species, mostly new forms contributed by Mr. Taylor and Mr. Fletcher. 
The types of some of those species are now in my collection, through Mr. 
Fletcher’s kindness, and have been found very useful for comparison, 


| 
: 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ay 


Kirby, in his List of the Hymenoptera in the British Museum, records 
several species of Tenthredinidze and Uroceride. To Mr. Taylor, how- 
ever, is due a large proportion of our knowledge of the Hymenopterous 
fauna. In Vol. XVI. and XVII. he published a list of eighty-one species, 
from the vicinity of Victoria, and he continued to collect there and sent 
specimens to Mr. Fletcher and myself until he carne to reside in Ottawa a 
few years ago. He then brought his collection with him to this city, and 
on his return to the Pacific Coast he placed all the remaining Hymen- 
optera in my hands, on the condition that I should prepare a list of them 
for publication, in revision and enlargement of his own earlier list, in which 
there are some errors in determination. 

The collection has proved to be a most interesting one, and to con- 
tain quite a number of new insects. It is, as might be expected, deficient 
in the smaller forms, such as Cynipide, Braconide, Chalcidide, and 
Proctotrypide. As time has permitted, I have proceeded with the 
determination of these insects, and have published descriptions (Can. 
Enr., Vol. XXVI.) of some new species, The Aculeata require further 
study, especially such genera as Andrena, Halictus, Osmia, etc., before a 
satisfactory list can be made of them. Mr. Taylor is now resident at 
Nanaimo, and it is to be hoped that his duties will afford him oppor- 
tunity to collect in that district. The publication of a list (even though 
imperfect) of the recorded species may perhaps stimulate others to join 
with him in a more systematic collection of the Hymenoptera of Van- 
couver Island, which offers so rich a field for study. The fauna is 
evidently a very extensive one, containing many species occurring in the 
Pacific States, while in the northern portion of the Island and on the 
mountains there should be a large intermingling of species inhabiting 
Alaska and the Rocky Mountains. It would not require much effort to 
increase many-fold the number of species at present known. The order 
Hymenoptera is so rich in species, and the conditions of the occurrence 
of the species are so varied, that it will long be possible to discover forms 
new to science, even in Ontario, where the fauna is so much better known. 
In the vast and diversified regions of the Pacific Slope, such new and 
undescribed species must be almost unlimited. 

TENTHREDINID&. 


Trichiosoma Taylori, Prov.—Common on the Island and throughout B. 
C. I took it at New Westminster, and have examples from Tacoma 
(Wickham) and the Rocky Mountains (Bean). Probably only a 


18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — 


Western form of Z! ¢viangu/um, under which name Taylor records it. 
Cocoons very frequently parasitized. 


Trichiosoma vittellina, Zivu.—Kirby (List Hym. Brit. Musm., Vol. Lp: 
ro) records a ¢ of this European species from the Island (Dr.Lyall) 
anda @ from the Rocky Mountains. Perhaps all our forms belong 
to one boreal species. They certainly do not vary so much as the 
insects included in Cimbex americana. 


Abia Kennicotti, Vort.—One ¢@ received by Mr. Fletcher, dated 4th 
June. 


Hylotoma McLeayi, Zeach.—One ? received by Mr. Fletcher, dated 2nd 
June. 


Euura sp.—T'wo specimens in condition not favorable for determination, 


Cladius pectinicornis, Hourc ; Cladius isomera, Harris.—One @ from Mr. 
Wickham. 

Pontania nevadensis, Cress. (Vematus ).—Marlatt ; Rev. N. A. Nematine, 
p. 30. 

Pteronus mendicus, Walsh (Mematus).—Two § received by Mr. Fletcher ; 
also one 2 from Mr. Wickham. 

Pteronus vancouverensis, MZardatt.—Rev. N. A. Nematine, p. 70. 

Pachynematus coloradensis, JZar/att.—One @ received by Mr. Fletcher. 

Pachynematus palliventris, Cress. (Mematus).—One ¢ received by Mr. 
Fletcher apparently belongs to this species. 

Dolerus collaris, Say.—One ?. 

Dolerus sericeus, Say.—Eight ?, seven 3; a very common species, gen- 
erally more robust and pubescent than Ottawa examples, 

Monophadnus atratus, Hargtn.—'Type gf in my coll. 

Phymatocera nigra, Hargtn.—One fg. April. 

Hoplocampa halcyon, Nort.—Taylor ; Can. Ent., Vol. XVI., p. 92. 

Labidia opimus, C7vess. 
Allantus opimus, Cr.; Labidia columbiana, Prov.—Originally de- 
scribed from V. I. collection of Crotch ; redescribed from Taylor’s 
collection. Appears to be common. Four @, four ¢. Phe? Ae 
originadis of Vaylor’s list, and probably identical with that species. 

Allantus elegantulus, Cress.—Five 9, one ¢; June. Also to Fletcher, 
four 9, two ¢; labelled May and June. 

Taxonus parens, Prov.—Type ¢ m my coll. Probably the ¢ of Strongy- 
logaster rubripes, Cress., from Col, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. - 19 


Strongylogaster distans, Vor¢.—Common in April and May. I have eight 
2 and six ¢ specimens, and Mr. Fletcher has six¢s. The abdomen 
of the male is entirely red, except base of first segment and basal 
plates, but the female has the remaining segments more or less 
marked with basal black spots. 

Strongylogaster (?) marginata, Prov. 

Selandria marginata, Prov.—Type 2 in my coll. Mr, Fletcher has 
also six @ and four ¢ from Cedar Hill. May and June. 

Tenthredo erythromera, Prov.—Type } in my coll. 

Tenthredo nigrisoma, Hargtn.— Types 2 in my coll. One taken by 
Taylor, 5th June, 1888 ; the other, also at Victoria, by Wickham. 

Tenthredo nigricosta, Prov.—Type ? in my coll. 

Tenthredo rubricus, Prov. 

Allantus rubricus, Proyv.— Type @ and another in my coll.; one 
also examined for Mr. Fletcher. ‘T'he antenne are not those of an 
Allantus, and the insect is apparently a variety of Z. med/ina, with 
antenne slightly shorter and pale markings less conspicuous. 

Tenthredo ruficoxa, Prov.—Type 9? in my coll. 

Tenthredo rufopedibus, /Vor7.—Recorded by Taylor as common in spring, 
but not in his collection ; probably the species I have determined as 
T. variata. 

Tenthredo terminalis, Prov.—Type ¢ in my coll. 

Tenthredo variata, /Vort.—Three ¢ specimens. May and June. Mr. 
Fletcher has also one ¢. 

Tenthredo varipicta, Cress. — Prov.; Add. Faune Hym., p. 14. Two 
females taken 28th May and 4th June, received by Mr. Fletcher. 
Tenthredopsis Evansii, YWargtn.—Mr. Fletcher has one ¢ taken in May. 
Synairema pacifica, Prov.—Type @ in my coll. Apparently a species of 
Macrophya ; the cox are shorter than usual, but the femora reach 
to tip of abdomen. Head coarsely punctured ; in shape and sculp- 
ture resembling Macrophya; antenne wanting. ‘Thorax coarsely 
but more sparsely punctured, and scutellum polished, with a few 
shallow punctures. Appears to be closely related to MW. bicolor, 

Cress., but has first segment black. 

Pamphilius pacificus, Vort.— Kirby ; List Hym. Brit. Musm., Vol. L., 
bp. 348. 

Macroxyela, sp. nov.2 One @ labelled as captured on oak. May 12th, 
1896. 


20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


UROCERID. 


Urocerus abdominalis, Harris.—Two specimens ; probably males of a/bz- 
cornis or flavicornis. 

Urocerus albicornis, /aé7.—One 9°. 

Urocerus apicalis, A?trby.—List Hym. Brit. Musm., Vol. 1., p. 377, 33 
probably the male of ceru/eus. 

Urocerus. ceeruleus, Cress.— @ described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. . Mr. 
Fletcher has taken it at New Westminster, B. C. 

Urocerus caudatus, Cress—One 2 and one ¢. 

Urocerus cyaneus, /adr.—One 2°. 

Urocerus flavicornis, Habr.—One 2. Recorded by Taylor as “common 
in autumn.” 

Urocerus flavipennis, A7zréy.— Five 9. A large, handsome insect, but 
probably a form of albicornis. 


Urocerus Morrisoni, Cress.—One 2. This is doubtless a var. of caudatus. 


Urocerus varipes, Smith.—One 2. Very close to cyaneus. 


ORYSSID&. 


Oryssus Sayi, Westw.—Oue 2. Alsoa ¢ of var. occidentalis, Cress. 


CyYNIPID&. 


Ibalia ensiger, Vort.—One @ received by Mr. Fletcher. 
Onchyia Provancheri, Asim.—One @? ; 4th June. 


EVANIIDA. 
Aulacus pacificus, Cress.— 2 described from V. I. coll., Crotch. 


ICHNEUMONID&. 


Ichneumon atrox, Cyvess.—One @ ; 6th June. Alsoone ? to Mr. Fletcher. 

Ichneumon ceruleus, Cress.—Taylor ; Can. ENT., Vol. XVI, p..g1. One 
? to Mr. Fletcher. 

Ichneumon cestus, Cress:—Three 2. Species was described from V. I. 
coll., H. Edw. A common species, easily recognized by single black 
band on abdomen. Mr. Fletcher has numerous examples from Mr. 
Danby. 

Ichneumon compar, Cress.— @ described from V. I. coll, H. Edw. 

Ichneumon creperus, Cvess.—Three ¢. 

Ichneumon difficilis, Cress.—This insect was described from Cal., but a 
var.? is noted from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 

Ichneumon inconstans, Cress.2—One ¢. 


ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 


Ichneumon infucatus, Cress.—Cat. Hym. N. Am., p. 185. One ¢ 
received by Mr. Fletcher. 

Ichneumon insolens, Cvess.—Taylor, /oc. cit.: “One specimen bred 
from chrysalis of Vanessa antiopa.” 

Ichneumon lividulus, Prov.—One ¢ received by Mr. Fletcher, labelled 
Ich. grandis, determined by Mr. Brodie. Seems, from the partially 
rufous legs, etc., to belong rather to this species. 

Ichneumon longulus, Cress.—Taylor, /oc. c7t. A specimen so labelled, 

_received by Mr. Fletcher, is, however, only the ¢ of cestus, varying 
a little from typical coloration. 

Ichneumon nuncius, Cress.— Three ¢s; also four received by Mr. 
Fletcher. 

Ichneumon occidentalis, Hargtn.—Type 2 in my collection. 

Ichneumon otiosus, Say.—Taylor, Zoc. cit.: “ My only specimen was 
unfortunately destroyed during the process of examination.” 

Ichneumon rufiventris, Lru//’.—One 2 labelled cxso/ens apparently 
belongs to this species. 

Ichneumon russatus, Cress.—Two 2s. Type was from V. I. coll., H. 
Edw. 

Ichneumon sagus, Cress.—One @ received by Mr. Fletcher. 

Ichneumon salvus, Cress.—The ¢ was described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 

Ichneumon scibilis, Cvess.—One 2. 

Ichneumon seminiger, Cress.—Taylor, doc. cit. Not seen. 

Ichneumon sequax, Cress.—Type 92 was from V. I. coll, H. Edw. 
Taylor (oc. cit.) says: ‘‘ Very common; one specimen was bred 
from the chrysalis of a Lyczena.” 

Ichneumon Taylori, Hargtn.—Type ? in my collection. 

Ichneumon vancouverensis, Prov.—Type ¢ was from coll. Taylor, who 
says (loc. cit.), “ This fine insect is abundant, and I have bred it in 
some numbers from the pupa of a Bombyx.” Not seen, but answers 
to description of zeutradis, Cr., from Cal. 

Ichneumon variegatus, Cress.—One ¢ to Mr. Fletcher. 

Hoplismenus pacificus, Cress— @ {2 described from V. I. coll, H. Edw. 

Amblyteles hudsonicus, Cress—Two 9s. One of these is a var. with 
the head and thorax above rufous. Mr. Fletcher also has one °. 


Amblyteles nubivagus, Cress.2—One 2 var.? 
Amblyteles perluctuosus, Prov.—One ¢. 


(LO BE CONTINUED.) 


bo 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


BOOK NOTICES. 


Rules for regulating nomenclature with a view to secure a strict ap- 
plication of the law of priority in entomological work; compiled by 
Lord Walsingham and John Hartley Durrant (Merton rules). Longmans, 
Green & Co., London., New York, and Bombay ; 2nd Nov., 1896 ; 
18 pages. Price sixpence. 


The rules are for the most part a good statement of current practice, 
with the suggestion of a considerable number of signs to facilitate brevity 
of reference without loss of accuracy. These may advantageously be 
adopted. 

Rules 7, 20, 21, 24, 25, 29 and 30 imply a much more rigidly 
classical attitude in regard to names than is prevalent in America. The 
authors would have all names according to the rules of Latin orthography, 
and would change those that are not, even so radically as gypsodactylus 
for cretidacty/us. Names with similar sound are rejected ; e. g., Ucetia 
invalidates Eusesia ; also those which involve a false proposition, or are 
offensive politically, morally, or by irreverence. 


Rule 12 defines publication as including the possibility of purchase. 
If the rule be not extended, it would invalidate all species published in 
- Government or private papers which are distributed without charge. 

The definition of a genus by designation of type without description 
is not referred to, and apparently is condemned by implication. 


The case of restriction of a heterotypical genus to one type by the 


successive removal of species to other genera by subsequent authors is _ 


not explicitly stated, and might well be added to rule 42. 

A few rules about the formation of family names might have been 
added, for example: 

1. Family names shall be formed by adding —idz to the stem of 
some genus included in the family. 

2. The generic name so used must be a valid one. 


3. The first generic name used in a plural form shall be the one so 
used for the family type unless it be invalid, in which case the next 
generic name included in the family, which has been used in a plural 
sense, shall be substituted according to the rule of priority. 


Harrison G. Dyar, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23 


MonocGrapu or tHe Bomeycine Morus: /. Votodontide ; by Alpheus 
S. Packard, M. D., National Academy of Sciences, Vol. VII. 


This magnificent work is, without doubt, an immense credit to the 
author, and will take a permanent place among the triumphs of American 
Lepidopterology. It is not my intention to discuss matters of general 
classification or nomenclature here. My reasons for differing on certain 
points as to the latter have all been given elsewhere, and the merits of 
the Comstock—Dyar classification have been insisted upon by Dr. Dyar. 
Dr. Packard’s work, as a whole, with its superb technical execution, has a 
value which could have been only enhanced by his attention to points of 
nomenclature, which I believe cannot be properly contradicted, and by 
his adhesion to a scheme of general classification, which I believe can- 
not be adequately gainsaid. I can here, out of my present limited 
knowledge, merely mention a few points, which may be of general or 
only of particular interest. There are a few errors in authorities. I do 
not know why my Vofodonta stragula and Schizura leptinoides and S. 
eximia are given to Grote and Robinson (plates). Nor do I know why 
my name is placed in brackets after Heterocampa Belfragei. 1 described 
the latter as a Heterocampa, and have no responsibility for its having 
been placed under Zztodonta, a reference which never occurred to me. 
I differ from Dr. Packard as to the validity of Zztodonta. The costa is 
straighter, the primary fuller outwardly over internal angle, apex sharper, 
while the antennal structure is decisive,.as compared with Hleterocampa 
subrotata; the orange spots are peculiar. . subrofata is a miniature 
obligua, and is placed next in my list. WZ. celtiphaga is founded on 
obscurely marked and small specimens, probably not different specifically. 
Litodonta may be amore specialized form, from the character of the 
female antenne ; the discovery of the larva will be attended with interest. 
The unhappy influence which Mr. Walker has exercised is very apparent, 
and the synonymy of Schizura ipomee exhibits this at its worst. I do 
not insist upon the validity of \S. fe/z?fer as a species; the black streaks 
are very distinct in both sexes and our nomenclature was invented to 
designate such forms, if not as species then as varieties. With regard to 
Hyparpax, and in connection with Dr. Packard’s remarks upon /. 
perophorotides, | again draw attention to my previous statements as to 
Abbot and Smith’s plate, that the figure of the female aurora at least 
approaches that form. ‘he late Mr, Hy. Edwards sent me at one time 
a damaged specimen (I think without head or feet) of a well-sized pink 


24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and yellow moth from Colorado, resembling this genus or Axnisota 
rubicunda in colours. I would not describe it, but returned it as a proba- 
bly new Noctuid. The figure of EzAyparpax distantly recalls the speci- 
men, which must be in coll. Central Park Museum. The figure (Plate 
VI., 14) certainly does not look like a Ptilodont, rather like an Agrotid, 
but, especially an uncoloured figure, may be deceptive. 


A short classification of the J/e/a/ophide may be found in ‘ Ento- 
mologist’s Record, VIII., 107, but I find since that Phalera, Hiibn. 
Verz., 147, 1816,is preoccupied by Pha/eria, Latreille, 1804. Another 
name must be used for the genus of ducephad/a and the subfamily of which 
I made it the type. As to Datana,I1 rather missed an allusion to the 
fact that Grote and Robinson first drew attention that there were many 
closely allied species, and to the characters of the uneven margin, differ- 
ences in the lines and general tinting which serve to distinguish the 
moths. One paper in Vol. VI. of the Proceedings Ent. Soc., Phil., was 
an answer to the criticism passed by the late Mr. Walsh upon our 
previously described Datana perspicua. There is still a memorandum 
in my note-book of a reference in this genus which I do not seem to have 
published and which I do not find in either Packard or Dyar. 

A. RADCLIFFE GRoOTE, A. M. 


PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE ORTHOPTERA OF Nova Scotia; by Harry 
Piers. ‘Transactions of the N.S. Institute of Science, Vol. IX., 1896. 


So little attention is paid to Entomology in the Maritime Provinces 
that we gladly welcome this contribution to the subject and are much 
pleased that Mr. Piers intends to devote some years to the study of the 
order Orthoptera. The paper before us gives some very interesting notes 
on the habits and range of fourteen common species of cockroaches, 
crickets, and locusts, and describes more at length the ravages committed 
by MWelanoplus atlanis on Sable Island, a hundred miles off the coast of 
Nova Scotia in the Atlantic Gcean. C. J. Siaise 


Mailed January 8th, 1897. 


PLATE 2. 


REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, F. L. S. 


The Canadian Hentomologist 


LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1897. ———__—No. 2. 


Vou. XIX. 


THE. REV.,- THOMAS W: FYLES,'E.. L. S. 

We have much pleasure in presenting to our readers the excellent 
portrait of our colleague, the Rev. Thomas W. Fyles, who has been for 
many years an active member of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 
Though living at South Quebec, he has regularly attended the annual 
meetings at London, travelling many hundreds of miles in order to do so, 
and has invariably delighted those present with his excellent papers. He 
was a member of the Council from 1882 to 1888, when the change in the 
Act of Incorporation required the directors to be resident within certain 
districts of the Province of Ontario. Three times he has represented the 
Society as their delegate to the Royal Society of Canada at Ottawa, and 
he has been a member of the editing committee of the Canapian ENTO- 
MOLOGIST since 1889. While filling the arduous position of chaplain to 
the immigrants landing in Canada, under the auspices of the Society. for 
Promoting Christian Knowledge, he devotes any spare moments that he 
can get to the study of entomology. He has succeeded, with an energy 
and enthusiasm worthy of admiration, in forming an extensive collection of 
insects, and acquiring a knowledge of the science beyond what is ordi- 
narily met with. That he may long continue to carry on his excellent 
work, both in his official position and in his scientific pursuits, is the hearty 
wish of all his friends. 


A PARASITE OF HEMIPTEROUS EGGS. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M. 

The following description is offered of an insect to which I shall 
have occasion to allude in a forthcoming Bulletin, wherein such descrip- 
tive matter would be inappropriate. 

Hadronotus mesille,n.sp.— 3. Length slightly over 1 mm.; black; 
cox black, legs otherwise rufous. Antenne dark rufous, arising just 
above mouth, delicately pubescent ; pedicel oval, shining, punctured, 
conspicuously shorter than the long first flagellar joint ; second flagellar 
joint shorter than the first, but fully twice as long as broad ; third to fifth 
joints oval, shorter than the second, the third slightly longer than the 


Ww 
[op 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


following, all longer than broad. Head short, broadly transverse, slightly 
broader than thorax ; lateral ocelli separated from the eyés by a space 
about equal to their own diameter ; a depression in front of middle ocel- 
lus. Frons and face minutely reticulated by grooves, reminding one of 
crocodile hide. ‘Thorax subglobular, somewhat broader than long, with 
very sparse short pubescence ; anterior part of mesothorax very indis- 
tinctly subreticulately sculptured, its anterior margin with a distinct row 
of pits. Hind portion distinctly but very delicately and minutely reticu- 
lated with raised lines. Scutellum smooth, with a few hairs ; hind margins 
of scutellum and postscutellum with a row of pits. Abdomen short and 
broad, carinated at sides, smooth, rather shiny. Wings hyaline, quite 
hairy, fringe short, nervures rufofulvous ; marginal vein short, not half 
length of stigmal. 


Habitat.—Las Cruces, New Mexico; bred from eggs of some 
Hemipteron, apparently Pentatomid. The eggs are barrel-shaped, pale gray 
with a white base and a white ring at top, the lid with a white central 
ringlet, and its suture white. Only one specimen was bred, and the tips 
of its antenne are broken off, but the species differs at once, by its reticu- 
late sculpture and other characters, from all those described by Mr. 
Ashmead in his Monog. Proctotrypide or in his work on the Hymenop- 
tera of St. Vincent. Another parasite of Pentatomid eggs occurs in the 
Mesilla Valley, namely, Z7/sso/cus euschisti, Ashm. (a Mesilla example det. 
Ashm.). With us, [ believe it is a parasite on the eggs of Brochymena 
obscura, H. S., which abounds in orchards. 


NOTES ON VANESSA INTERROGATIONIS, 
BY W. F. FISKE, MAST YARD, N. H. 


I remember about ten years ago to have taken several large speci- 
mens of a Grapta, probably G. cxterrogationis, but they were lost without 
being identified. I saw no more of the species until August, 1895, when 
I took a fine example of the form Fadriciz, It proved to be the forerunner 
of a “wave” of the species, and from that date until frost a number were 
seen, perhaps in all twenty or more, but all but two of them were of the 
form Faéricit. This spring I watched the hibernating butterflies closely, 
hoping to obtain a fertile female and rear a brood of larve, but although 
there were many G. comma and j-album, and a few progue and faunus, 
on the wing throughout April, I did not observe one énterrogationis 
amongst them. By the middle of May the other species of Grapta had 


{HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, PA 


disappeared, or were represented by a few specimens worn almost beyond 
recognition. I had about given up meeting with ¢uterrogationis that 
spring, when on the 16th of May I captured a large but badly worn 
umbrosa fluttering over lilac blossoms. I was surprised that it should be 
of this form instead of the more common Faériciz, but what was my 
astonishment to see four or five more of the same form the same day. 
During the rest of May and first part of June the species was common, 
but not one Fadricii was seen. A large female was captured while 
Ovipositing on elm, and netted over a branch of that tree. She deposited 
a large number of eggs indiscriminately on leaves, branch, and net, in most 
cases singly, but in a few instances in ‘‘chains” of three or four. In 
order not to disturb the eggs, I let the net remain as it was until the larvee 
should hatch, and then, thinking that the larve would do better in the 
open air, left it until they had passed the second moult, when on removing 
it I found only eight remaining. These pupated without further accident, 
and on the 13th of July and the few days following five imagoes emerged 
—three Fudbricti and two umbrosa. This was after the larger part of the 
brood of 7-a/bum had emerged and several weeks after the first brood of 
comma, and as the former species is probably but single brooded here, I 
was not expecting a second brood of énterrogationis. It was with some 
surprise, therefore, that a large colony of young laryze were discovered in 
the latter part of August feeding on the heads of hops. Later several 
other colonies were found on hop and elm, and a number of larve were 
transferred to my breeding-boxes and carried successfully to pupation, but 
as many of the pup rotted, only about thirty imagoes, all /adr7cit, were 
obtained. The last specimen, delayed by a long continued “spell” of 
severe weather, did not emerge until November 6th, after being in the 
pupa state nearly six weeks and freezing at least once. I[t was smaller 
and darker than the average, but not otherwise remarkable. 

Now, the question which I wish answered is, Where did the large 
number of wmérosa come from that appeared here so suddenly in May ? 
They certainly did not breed here, because every specimen seen was 
badly worn, and they could not have flown in any such numbers either 
the same spring or the fall before, and besides, the fall before it was 
Fabricii that was in the majority. ‘he only explanation which I can 
offer is that they migrated thither from some other locality, probably in 
the South. Pyrameis atalanta appeared about the same time in very 
large numbers, but as the species has always been more or less common, 


28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


I did not think it so remarkable. The first brood of larvee of this species 
are usually so scattering that it is difficult to find them. This summer 
they were so numerous as to completely strip large clumps of nettle, so 
that numbers of larvee must have perished for want of food. Some 
large and healthy bunches of nettle were so weakened by the larve of 
this species and of Vanessa Milberti repeatedly stripping them of every 
green leaf that they have probably died. 


LARVAL STAGES OF AMPHION NESSUS (Cr.). | 
BY WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, NEW YORK. 

Egg.—Pale green, almost globular; very similar to that of Averyx 
myron, but smaller. Young larvee collected at Greenwood Lake, New 
Jersey, June 25th. Length, 1 mm. 

Stage 7.—Pale apple-green, with numerous minute white dots and 
a narrow white subdorsal stripe along each side, beginning at the 
anterior part of the first segment and running to the hase of the caudal 
horn, which is black, and brown at the base. Length, 9g mm. Moulted 
June 28th. 

Stage 77.—Very much like the preceding stage, but the white 
dots and the subdorsal stripe are much heavier and more distinct. 
Caudal horn jet black, reddish-brown basally. Head with a narrow 
white stripe on each side. Length, 13 mm. Moulted July 1st. 

Stage [77.— Much like the last stage, but the stripes on the head 
are continuous with the ones on the subdorsum ; the third and fourth 
segments are now considerably swollen and thicker than the remaining 
segments. Caudal horn black, reddish-brown at the base. Spiracles 


black. Length, 17 mm. Moulted July 4th. ? 
Stage [V.—Same as the last stage. Length, 22 mm. Moulted 
July 7th. 


Stage V-—The general colour is now dirty orange-brown, speckled 
with small smoky-black dots. On the junction of the segment along the 
dorsum -is a smoky-black spot, and along the sides is a series of oblique 
smoky-black bands, the last one running to the base of the caudal horn, 
which is black. From the head to the end of the third segment are three 
black stripes, one on the dorsum and one on each side on the subdorsum. 
Head dirty purplish-brown, with a whitish stripe on each side. Under 
side darker than above. Length. 45 mm. Full-grown July 18. When 
fully fed the larva spins a rude cocoon between a few leaves on the ground. 

Food-plants ; Grape and Virginia creeper, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 


THEZECOLEOPTERA. OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
XX. THE CHRYSOMELIDE OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC — ( Continued). 
Trine IX.—Gaverucini (Sub-tribe HALrIcIN1). 

. The “jumping beetles,” or ‘ flea beetles,” constitute the above sub- 
tribe, and are separated from the genuine Galerucini by the fact that the 
hind thighs:are greatly enlarged and thickened for leaping. Most of the 
species are quite small, though a few are of moderate size for this family, 
and a considerable number of them are prettily coloured. They are of 
great importance from an economic standpoint, a number of them being 
quite injurious. The identification of some of the members of this group 
is attended with considerable difficulty, yet most of the genera have a 
peculiar facies, which, once grasped, renders the proper location of addi- 
tional specimens tolerably certain. 

The sub-tribe has recently been worked up in detail, as far as the 
North American species are concerned, by Dr. Horn, from whose paper 
on the ‘“ Halticini of Boreal America” most of the tables and specific 
diagnoses have been condensed. His paper has rendered possible an 
intelligent survey of the group —something heretofore lacking in the 
American literature on the subject. The diagrams representing elytral 
markings are reproduced from the figures given in his article. 


A. Last joint of hind tarsi globosely inflated; elytra with confused 
punctuation, surface glabrous. Size, large or moderate. 2dionychis. 
AA. Last joint of hind tarsi not globose, usually slender, sometimes 
thickened when viewed laterally. 
b. Anterior coxal cavities open behind. Mesosternum visible. 
c. Prothorax without antebasal transverse impression, hind tibize 
faintly or not grooved. 
d. Moderate or large sized species, first joint of hind tarsi 
short,as compared with tibiz, and rather broad. Disonycha. 
dd. Small species, first joint of hind tarsi long and slender. 
Hind tibiz grooved on outer edge, first joint of hind 
tarsi as long as one-half the tibia....... Zongitarsus. 
Hind tibie not grooved, slightly excavated near tip; first 
joint of hind tarsi about one-third as long as 
URSat at Oat iarahee ici g <3, 0. 2-0 EMER Loe a lok EPALOUK CFE, 


30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


cc. Prothorax with antebasal impression, which is transverse, 
usually feeble and not distinctly limited at each 
extremity . atu sia cee pale | oleate te Gon ea ae 
bb. Anterior coxal cavities elosed ‘belie 
e. Antennz 11-jointed, approximate at base. 

f. Posterior tibia sinuate near the apex, the sinuation limited 
above by a distinct tooth; first two ventral segments 
connate, but with distinct suture ; thorax without ante- 
basal impression. = ss Sa ry eRTOe . Chetocnema. 

ff. Posterior tibiz pithoue aiher sinuation or teat 
Thorax with distinct antebasal transverse impression, 
usually well limited at its ends. Elytra punctato-striate. 
h. Elytra glabrous. 
Form more or less ovate ; antennz 


moderate. . oe Memprmmnrrneren 8.005 05/)0/ 057. 
Form eihnsite panallee antenne as long or longer 
thambody..\ os Siege. Se wae ee ie ae 


bh. Elytra with rows of sete on interstices, giving a 
pubescent appearance. Form short, ovate; antennz 
NOtHelOMSate. 32°... pte eee ene .. Lpitrix. 

. Thorax without transverse aneebasel impression, 

i. Spur of hind tibia small and slender. 

Thorax with short, deep Jongitudinadly impressed 
line each side ; ee punctato - striate, paler at 


A) Ach eae So REM MER ok ASS Gr Seas . Mantura. 


Thorax without impression, elytral ppanetation 
confused. WOR nyo ere eee . Systena. 


i. Spur of hind fibin broad, emanate at cue ..Dibolia. - 


ee. anes 1o-jointed, hind tibiz prolonged beyond the in- 
sertion of the tarsus, which is placed rather on the outer 
side, above the apex... h. 3 ects) ea 


(EpDIONYCHIS, Latr. 

The species of this genus are of large or moderate size (for Halticini) 
and are readily recognizable on account of the inflated or globose claw- 
joint of the hind tarsi. Some of them are of bright colours and hand- 
somely marked. The Canadian forms are thus separated by Dr. Horn : 

A. Antenne stouter, scarcely one-half the length of the body; species 
larger and more convex, front of head oblique, elytra never ex- 
planate at sides, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51 


—_——_ 


b. Elytra entirely blue, green, violaceous, blackish or testaceous. 
c. Body never entirely black beneath. 
Elytra bright blue or green, thorax smooth ; body beneath 
entirely pale. .18-.28 in. ...........gibbitarsa, Say. 
Elytra violaceous or greenish-black, thorax more or less 
distinctly punctate, body beneath in great part dark, 
thorax yellowish with a large piceous space or M-like 


mark blackish: .16—.28in........ eee. vians, Vl: 
cc. Body entirely black beneath, upper sulfied dull black, im- 
punctate. .18-.22 in. Ei. 2) eRe gens, Lee) 


bb. Elytra with pale margin, ace elateous or bihish: 
Thorax and elytra coarsely and closely punctate. 


.20—.26 in. tase: Hae aS . thoracica, Fabr. 
Thorax and bivics saaiseiesby pundeareel elytra brilliant 
violaceous. .20-.24 in. See . flavocyanea, Cr. 


AA. Antenne slender, equal to or proates eiin one- hale the length of the 
body ; front of head vertical ; elytra with explanate margin. 

d. Elytra broadly oval, sides much arcuate, coarsely punc- 
tate; may be yellowish with indistinct vitte, or black 
with only the margin pale. .14-.20 in. ./imba/dis, Mels. 

dd. Elytra with sides feebly arcuate or nearly parallel ; yel- 
lowish, with indistinct brown spots and bands or with 
the disk entirely piceous. 

e. Thorax very coarsely punctured; elytra 
with a more or less evident costa ex- 
tending from humeri to apex, yellow- 
ish with blackish spots which some- 
times coalesce to form an X, behind 
which is an irregular transverse band. 
.14-.16 in. (fig. 5)... .sexmaculata, Ul. 


ee. Thorax finely punctured or smooth. 
Head coarsely punctate, punctures Fic. 5. 

closely placed ; yellowish ; elytra with base, suture, 

and often two spots on each, brown. .14-.16 

1) ae . ; Picea et SULULALES. Lan. 

Head Sparsely Sanchate or ace smooth ; thorax 

often entirely yellow, or may be piceous with the 

margin pale ; elytra piceous with yellow margin, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Ys 
bo 


rarely with two a yellowish spots on each. 

14-.15 in. cites si. oe Guercata; Fabr. 

While Mavolianee is eluded in the abole table, on account of its 

being recorded in the Society’s list, it has probably been identified in 
error, since it is a Southern species. 


DisonycHa, Chevr. 


Also contains large or moderate sized species, some of them even 
exceeding @dionychis, which they often resemble in markings, but they 
may easily be separated therefrom by the claw-joint of the hind tarsi not 
being swollen. They separate thus : 

A. Elytra not striped. 
Thorax yellow with three black spots arranged in the form of a 
triangle ; under surface of body and the legs black .20-.25 
TTY 3 Sag. 6 ais TANG pee ae Sow. wae we lcs Gage a oho Fee 


Thorax yellow, not spotted; abdomen yellow, femora usually 
yellow at basal half. .21-.23 in... ....xanthomelena, Dalm. 


AA. Elytra striped. 
b. Form very elongate; elytra vaguely grooved ; thorax somewhat 
uneven. 

Body beneath black, except sides of thorax, which are margined 
with yellow. Black spot on disk of thorax very 
larged <4. five coeds ss) del tGins a og VON, Ci ene 

Body A oeae partly ae anderen hae at sides and apex, 
thorax with under surface entirely yellow, discal spot on 
upper surface smaller. .26-.30 in......pennsylvanica, Ill. 

bb. Form not very elongate ; elytra and thorax even, the former with 
discal and submarginal vittee. 


c. Abdomen densely punctured, conspicuously pubescent. 


d. Head coarsely an from side to side. .22-.36 
rt Rees .guinguevittata, Say. 
dd. Head inde at anda 

Elytral vittee rather broad, head and body beneath more 

or less clouded with darker, labrum piceous. .22-.26 

ee. = .crentcollis, Say. 

Bigeal 9 vitte narrow, ie aed ae benekan always pale 
yellow, labrum pale.~ :20-.26°1n. ..caro/iniana, Fabr, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. vo 


Abdomen very sparsely punctured, pubescence scarcely visible. 
) yt 


Thorax smooth, head a epipleura black. .20-.22 
TIN Ge RRR Re wRS RCM . sine 1 en e207 ata.» Ba br, 


It is quite likely that g/advata may have ree recorded in error; the 
species called 5-v/ttata is the one everywhere identified as a/ter nata, and 
so recorded in the Canadian lists ; while crenico//is and caroliniana are 
inserted in the table, with the characters assigned them by Dr. Horn, 
since it is, to my mind, likely that one of these is the species which was 
mistaken for g/abrata by the Canadian recorder. 

Harica, Geoffr. 

The species belonging here are of moderate size, none of them with 
markings of any sort on the upper surface of the body, which is blue, 
green or bronzed, and usually shining. ‘The thorax is marked near the 
base with a transverse more or less distinctly impressed line, which has 
been used as a means of differentiating species. The following table is a 
tolerably close copy of that ef Dr. Horn, and will serve to distinguish 
recorded Canadian forms with some degree of accuracy. 


A. Elytra with a prominent lateral plica along the lateral sub- 
margin, giving the appearance of a double margin. .20-.24 
MMe re ere aL ea ON care RO Ae aa, & se sy OEE OCHA EAE ONT 

AA. Elytra not plicate. 
Thorax with deep antebasal groove extending completely across. 
Larger (.16-.20 in.) usually blue, form robust, thorax distinctly 
mide at bases 020-3... » > abe Rnch eee CME OCR. LIE: 
Smaller (.12-.16 in.) nee: Meaty. blue, green or bronze. 
Elytra distinctly sparsely punctate at base, more faintly 
HOMARG APEX. ANS sg sk Lae aon: Wile 
Thorax with transverse saitebadal’ groove, eRe is not entire. 
Transverse impression, ending in a fovea on each side. .18 
BD Yop es See ag : ae i vevicta, Lec. 
Transverse impression PP eeaanaliy'® evanescent at either end. 
Impression deep, humeri of elytra well marked, thorax rela- 
tively coarsely punctate. Elytral punctuation coarser than 
usual. Colour more or less coppery, sometimes nearly 
blue. .14-.18 in. 1.1... .carinata, Germ. 
Impression feeble, wlntost Ghliteratae miinien rounded, thorax 
sparsely punctulate, elytra scarcely visibly punctate, colour 
bright green to dark blue. .14-.18 in,....../foltacea, Lec, 


34 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


It should be remarked that evicta is a 
Pacific Coast species (found in Oregon), of 
which I have seen no Canadian examples ; 
while foZzacea is Southern, occurring in Texas, 
Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. A. zn@- 
rata, Lec., is synonymous with égnifa. 

(Fig. 6 represents the larva and beetle of 
H. chalybea, and a leg of the latter, showing the 
Fic. 6. greatly thickened thigh.) 


CREPIDODERA, Chevr. 


The best known species of this genus is Crepidodera helxines, a 
bright metallic blue or green flea beetle, very commonly found on 
willows. All of the members belonging here are quite small, and do not 
resemble each other at all closely, so that reference should be had to the 
generic characters (as laid down in the table of genera) before trying to 
place any presumed Crepidoderas by the following specific analysis, 
which is that of Dr. Horn: 

Form oblong-oval; elytra uniform in colour with the head and thorax, 

surface metallic, blue or green ; thoracic punctuation abundant, 
intermixed: /<09=:13 Wh. ...-.502 Jae a 2 a Riaeel es Oe 


Form oval, narrowed in front; colour piceous, with slight aeneous 
lustre, apical third of elytra indeterminately testaceous. .o8-.1o 
1D os ares nicl bee eg er ane Mk wae ade ee RaIS A hf ana 


Form broadly oval and convex; colour rufotestaceous, without metallic 
lustre ; abdomen piceous, prothorax not distinctly punctured. 
06—.07 IN}. be ee ieee a oe eee oot le RE eee elas 


Epirrix, Foudras. 


Contains one Canadian species, 7. cucumeris, Harr., the ‘‘ cucum- 
ber flea beetle” (fig. 7), which is often found very abundant 
on potato vines. It is a small (.06 to .o8 in.), ovate, slightly os 
oblong beetle, nearly black in colour, the legs reddish or 
brownish, femora often darker. It may easily be told from any Fie. 7. 
of the Crepidoderas or other genera which might otherwise resemble it, 
in our fauna, by the fact that the upper surface is pubescent. ‘The 
thoracic punctures are well separated from each other; the elytral striz, 
especially near the suture, very feeble. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 35 


OrTHALTICA, Crotch. 

O. copalina, Fabr., is an elongate-parallel insect, of shining surface, 
brownish or blackish in colour. .o8-.10 in. long. The antenne are 
more elongate than usual in the Halticini, equaling about two-thirds of 
the length of the body in the male, somewhat shorter in the female. The 
antenne and legs are rufotestaceous, the thorax is broader than long, 
sides. arcuate, margin finely serrate, punctures coarse and deep, but not 
densely placed. Elytra with nine striz of closely-placed coarse punctures, 
intervals narrower than the striz. I have found this species in abundance 
on the flowers of sumach. 

SYSTENA, Clark. 

The species of this genus are rather elongate, somewhat depressed 
or only moderately convex in form. The antennz are about one half the 
length of the body. Some of them are injurious to cruciferous plants. 
Two of the Canadian species are dark, the other two pale or vittate. 
They may be separated thus : 


Black, head reddish. .14-.20 in. Bem Rs as . Jrontalis, Fabr. 
Black, head not red; joints 3, 4, 5 of antenne testaceous. .18 
Ms: RENT Le Sete Oe ire .. hudsonias, Forst. 


Elytra ites or rciritiecks 
Surface shining, punctuation fine; may be entirely pale, or the 
elytra may be vittate. Under side of body and sides of thorax 


often piceous. .12-.18 in. .......leniata, var. blanda, Mels. 
Surface subopaque, anererant coarse, close and deep. .14-.16 
ESN eek ROAE dae CEng ca oe 2 ee ee oneiilis: Ill. 


Loncirarsus, Latr. 


Three species have been reported from the region under discussion. 
They all belong to the division of the genus in which the fourth antennal 
joint is not longer than the second, and are distinguished by the use of 
the following characters in the table of Dr. Horn: 

Surface entirely shining, form robust, elytral humeri well marked, 

punctuation rather coarse. Colour blackish. .07 in... exo, Horn. 

Surface more or less alutaceous, thorax always so, form more elon- 

gate, humeri not prominent. 
Elytra not shining, punctuation very indistinct ; colour yellowish- 
PeSIACEOUS.. ~.07=.08 tik Se. ss. Sitepaey- = G rt ESERLEUS, VLeISs 
Elytra shining, punctuation coarse ; colon date seututestaecvue to 
MEarly PicEOUs. LOB IN). «ve ne vores re hs oo e MELAMUTUS, MeEls. 


36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


GiyprTina, Lec. 

Species of this genus will almost certainly be found in Canada. They 
have the elytral punctuation disposed in rather regular striz, while in 
Longitarsus the punctures are confused. Otherwise there is considerable 
similarity between the two genera, as far as aspect is concerned. 


PHYLLOTRETA, Foudras. 


Contains a few species only, the Canadian ones all being of a piceous 
colour, more or less aeneous or greenish, shining, the elytra marked with 
yellow stripes or spots. (. vittata, fig. 8.) Often injurious by their 
great abundance; they are to be seen on the leaves of horse-radish, wild 
mustard, and various allied plants, wild or cultivated. It should be noted 
that the record for /ep7du/a ought to be carefully verified, since the species 
is Californian. /. sinwata has been included in the table, though not 
actually known to occur in Canada. 

A. Fifth joint of antenne much enlarged (¢) or longer than the sixth 

(9). Elytra usually vittate, rarely spotted. 

\. f b. Elytral vitta simple, narrow, nearly straight, but incurved 

i at the apex... .08—.10 IMs... Ws 1p ce e@ereeemaneeans 

bb. Elytral vitta sinuous, more or less dilated or appendicu- 
late at ends. 

Vitta incurved at base, approaching the scutellum ;_in- 
termediate portion sometimes wanting, leaving the 
apical parts in the form of spots (fig. ga.). .08 in... vz¢tata, Fabr. 

Vitta parallel with suture at its basal half. .10 a b 
in. (fe: (gb) 2. yeaa ees She. « . SEAL, Oey 

AA. Fifth joint of antenne not modified ; fifth joint not 
longer than sixth in either sex. Piceous, not 
metallic. Each elytron with two oval yellow 
spots, one humeral, the other near the apex. 
5O8=.10 IDs +40 he poem ile .OLPUSI Arar ane Fic. 9. 


MANTURA, Steph. 


Represented by JZ. floridana, Cr., an oval, somewhat elongate, 
moderately convex beetle, of a brownish colour, faintly bronzed above ; 
thorax without transverse antebasal impression, longitudinal basal im- 
pressions deep and triangular. Elytra indefinitely paler at apical third. 
Legs reddish, hind femora darker, each of the tibize with a terminal spur. 
In colour this species somewhat resembles Crepidodera modeeri, Linn., 


© 
~I 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


but that insect has a moderate transverse antebasal impression on the 
prothorax. Length, .o8 in. 


CHATOCNEMA, Steph. 

This is a large genus, well represented in the United States. The 
Canadian list contains only three species, one of which (a/utacea, Cr., 
known from Georgia and Florida) may be erroneously cited, leaving 
only denticudata and parcepunctata as undoubted natives. Several are 
known from the Lake Superior region, and some of them must undoubt- 
edly occur in Ontario. Following Dr. Horn’s arrangement, these re- 
corded forms may thus be known; all of them belonging to the group 
in which the sides of the thorax are not obliquely truncate at the front 
angles. 

Head distinctly punctate ; upper surface of body bright bronze or 
brassy ; elytral strize of coarse deep punctures, the scutellar series 
usually irregular, the remainder not confused. Form oval, not elon- 
gate, clypeo-frontal region subopaque. .o8-.10 in... .denticulata, Ill. 

Head impunctate. 

Thorax with entire basal marginal line, which is not defined by 
punctures ; legs entirely piceous, surface subopaque. .06-.08 
WA erent Seats cage N/a ORY Chats So. sal x cee 2 OLE CES CL: 

Thorax finely and sparsely punctate, with basal marginal row of 
distinct punctures, surface shining. Femora piceous, tibiz and 
tarsi brownish or rufotestaceous. .06 in... .parcepunctata, Cr. 


Diso.ia, Latr. 


The form of the spur of the hind tibize (broad with a distinct emar- 
gination at tip) will in itself define the genus. D. dorealis, Chevr. 
(= @rea, Melsh.), is recorded from Canada and is about .12 in. long, oval, 
convex, robust, the surface bronzed, elytral striz of coarse punctures ; 
anterior and middle legs and hind tibize reddish. 


PsyLLIopDEs, Latr. 


Antenne ten-jointed, inserted against the inner border of the eye, 
hind tarsi inserted before the end of the tibie and slightly to the outer 
side, first joint more than half the length of the tibia. The Canadian 
species is P. punctulata, Mels., a bronzed beetle .o8-.10 in. long, of 
elongate-oval, rather convex form, thorax at base not narrower than the 
elytra, which are punctato-striate, the punctures coarse and deep, closely 
placed. The male has the last ventral distinctly impressed. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. © 


YS 
(oa) 


ON LEDRA PERDITA, A. & S. 
BY CARL F. BAKER, AUBURN, ALABAMA. 


On page 577 of their great work on the Hemiptera, Amyot and 
Serville describe two species of Ledra. One, Z. awrita, the well-known 
species of Europe, was characterized from specimens collected near 
Paris. I have specimens of it now before me. Its size, the broad 
membranous prolongation of the head, the ear-shaped horns on the 
thorax, together with other details of structure, separate it widely from 
any other homopterous insect. The other species described, Z. perdita, 
though equally unique in form, was characterized under circumstances 
which, for such eminent scientists as Amyot and Serville, seem extra- 
ordinary. After a three-line description, they remark: “ L’exemplaire 
unique d’aprés lequel cette espece a été figurée, ayant été detruit, nous la 
décrivons d’aprés la figure.” ~Unfortunately, the figure, number five on 
plate II., is very poor. The species is credited to “ Amérique 
septentrionale.” 

Since that time the species has never again been recognized, 
although often noticed in hemipterological literature. Mr. Van Duzee, 
in his ‘‘ Catalogue of the Jassoidea,” lists it as an unquestionable Ledra, 
and gives its habitat as Pennsylvania, on the authority of Amyot and 
Serville. 

It is perfectly evident from the figure that the species is not a Ledra. 
It lacks utterly the characteristic head structure of Ledra aurita. It is 
equally evident that the figure is that of a Membracid belonging in the 
Centroline, near AZicrocentrus carye, Fh. Indeed, Dr. Goding tells me 
Fitch himself noticed this resemblance. 


During several years past I have been receiving quantities of - 


material in Homoptera from many localities in Pennsylvania and 
throughout the East.~ This material is the result of careful work by 
good collectors, and contains immense series of the native Membracids 
and Jassids. In the examination of this material I have been con- 
stantly on the watch for Ledra perdita. Lately it has occurred to 
me in several specimens from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Indiana, 
collected by Messrs. Dietz, Liebeck, and Weith. ‘There is nothing else 
among all the American material I have examined that is at ail like this 
species, with the single exception of Mucrocentrus cary@, and that lacks 
the long ear-shaped horns on the thorax. So peculiar in form is it that 
there is not a possibility of confusing it with anything else in our fauna, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 539 


——— 


And not until another species from the same region shall have been dis- 
covered, having closer affinities with it than has AZicrocentrus carya@, will 
there be any reasonable grounds for doubting that this, which I so refer, 
was the form which Messrs. Amyot and Serville described under the 
name perdita. 

I forwarded specimens of the species to Dr. Goding, and was much 
surprised to learn that it was identical with his Centruchus Liebeckit, also 
from Pennsylvania, described on page 471 of the List of N. A. Mem- 
bracide. In a letter he cites the genus as “ Centruchoides,” which J 
suppose to be a manuscript name founded on this species. I, however, 
believe this species (which in future must be known as ferdita, A. & S.) 
to be congeneric with the carye of Fitch. I have specimens of carye 
with rudiments of thoracic horns. Outside of this character the species 
are very closely related. 

I have yet to see a true Zedra from either North or South America. 


SOME NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF LEPIDOPTERA 
FROM THE WESTERN U. S. 
BY WM. BARNES, M.D., DECATUR, ILL. 
Argynuis Charlottit, n. sp. 

d.—Upper surface very much like Cyde/e; differs from Zez¢o in the 
lighter shade of the ground colour and the much darker and more exten- 
sive basal area. This area is sharply limited at the outer edge and 
extends to the median row of markings, which on the hind wings are 
quite obscured by it. The apical region is not so clear as in Zero, the 
row of round spots in the outer belt continuing of large size up to the 
costa, and the dark blotch lying just within the upper three spots is very 
prominent, as in Cyde/e. 

Under surface clearer, brighter, and markings less heavy than in 
Leto. The marginal brown shading very faint, and the submarginal row 
of crescents, which on the secondaries are very narrow but well silvered, 
have but a very fine edging of the same shade. The dark basal area 
stops sharply at the median row of silvered spots, as in Cydede, and is 
not present on their outer side, as in Le/o. 

?.—Upper surface closely resembles Zefv, the ground colour and 
basal area being the same. The markings are, however, not so heavy 
and the submarginal row of lunules do not so completely enclose the 
row of spots of the ground colour. On the under surface the markings 


40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. © 


are not so heavy as in Zefo; the apical region is clearer, the three or 
four brown spots so conspicuous in Zefo being here wanting or but faintly 
indicated. The outer belt on the secondaries presents the same clean-cut 
character as in the male, owing to the absence of the brown shadings to 
its inner and outer sides. 

Types.—1 ¢ and 2 9s in my collection, from Glenwood Springs, 
Colo. 

This species stands intermediate between Zefo and Cydele. The 
locality has been thoroughly worked for several years and no typical Leto 
taken there. I have Zeto from Utah, California, Nevada, Oregon, Idaho, 
Montana, and British Columbia, and they are uniform in their points of 
difference from the form here described. 

Melitea Gillettii, n. sp. 


¢ expands 1% inches; head and thorax black; abdomen black 


above, beneath yellowish- white; palpi and legs dark red; antenne 
fuscous ; club yellow; wings, ground colour black, markings dull red and 
white, veins black. Primaries above show a wide margin of the ground 
colour, in which are two rows of spots; the margin red, very faint, 
scarcely discernible except towards apex; the second row is white, 
small and not very prominent; the third row is red, the spots are large, 
quadrate and completely fill the intercellular spaces, thus giving the 
appearance of a broad red band cut by the black veins; the fourth row 
is rather irregular, white and joined opposite the cell by a demi-row from 
costa; two red and two white spots in celi; two white spots and one 
red in subcellular space ; basal area rather obscured with black. 

Secondaries above have the four outer rows as on primaries, the 
marginal red row even fainter, two red and one white spot in cell and a 
white subcellular spot. The under surface shows but little of the black 
ground colour, it being reduced to the veins and lines between the rows of 
spots, which are all rather quadrate in shape, filling the intercellular 
spaces, thus giving a well-marked, banded appearance. The marginal 
band is red and is followed by the white, red, and white bands as on 
upper surface. The cellular and subcellular spots on primaries same as 
above, only larger and more distinct. On basal area of secondaries there 
are four white spots, separated by an irregular shaped red area, the result 
of a fusion of the red spots. 

Described from seven ¢s taken in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, 


July 18, 


Ce cata eta 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4] 


—s Sa . =. 


This species is very closely allied to J7. 7éuna, Dalm,, of Lapland, 
but in that species the antennz are black and the red band not half so 
wide. That a species so distinct from any other thus far described from 
N. A. should be turned up at this late day is remarkable, and shows the 
possibilities of many other interesting discoveries when the Park region 
is thoroughly explored. 


Melitea nubigena, var. capella. 

In the Henry Edwards collection are specimens of a Melitea 
separated under the above name; but in so far as I know, no descrip- 
tion was ever published. The variations of xw4:gena are without number, 
yet they all come into one of three general classes. In Western Colo- 
rado and Utah the tendency is towards a gradual increase of the white 
at the expense of the red and black, producing forms allied to Wheeleri, 
Hy. Edw. Farther north in the Yellowstone region the tendency is to 
darker forms, the black replacing the red to such an extent that the spots 
are small and round, set in a_ black ground. Around Manitou and 
Denver forms occur which are of a solid brick red, the white being 
entirely gone and the black reduced to the veins and fine cross lines, the 
latter even being wanting in portions of the wings. On éhe primaries 
the spots at the costal end of the third row are the last to lose the white 
colour, and in most of the specimens there are traces of it remaining 
there. In some few males there is none whatever. The fourth row on 
the secondaries preserves the whitish colour the longest, but not so 
tenaciously as is the case on the primaries. In some specimens which 
have entirely lost the white, the black ground colour still remains well 
marked, while in others there is considerable fusion of the red spots, 
while considerable of the white is retained. It is to those dark red 
forms that Hy. Edwards applied the name cafe//a, and I take pleasure 
in retaining the name proposed by him. 

Described from eight pairs in my collection and others among my 


duplicates. 


Colias pelidne, var. Skinnert. 

Male, expanse 14 to 134 inches; upper surface of a greenish-yellow 
shade somewhat darker than Scudder/, lightly dusted with dark scales 
over costal two-thirds of primaries ; marginal bands not so broad and cut. 
less deeply by the yellow nervules than is the case in Scudder’. The 
inner margin of the border varies, being almost entire in some specimens, 


42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


dentate in others, and in a few erose. The discal spot on primaries 
black, much more distinct than in either Scudderi or pelidne. In some 
few specimens the spot is centered with a few yellowish scales, the spot 
on secondaries about the same as in Scudderi. Under side of primaries 
yellow, paler along the inner margin, thickly dusted with dark scales over 
costal two-thirds from base to just within the line where the inner 
margin of the black border of the upper surface shows through ; discal 
mark faint—scarcely discernible in many specimens. Secondaries thickly 
dusted with dark scales over the basal three-quarters, discal spot 
prominent, dark brown ring, centre silvered or white, more or less covered 
with roseate scales; costa and fringes, except at inner angle of primaries, 
roseate. Antennz roseate; club roseate below, brown above; collar, 
head, legs, and a spot at base of secondaries, roseate ; palpi roseate 


above, yellow beneath; thorax and abdomen dark above, covered with 


yellow hairs, yellow beneath. 

Female, expanse 15% to 17¢ inches ; greenish-yellow or white, about 
evenly divided. Border well marked, varying greatly in extent. In some 
specimens, on the primaries it is broad, and entirely encloses a row of 
spots of the ground colour; in others, while equally broad, it is uniformly 


dark; from these there are all gradations down to one in which the black 


is restricted to the apical region, and to pear-shaped spots at the ends of 
the veins. On the secondaries the border is usually well marked, and 
extends in some almost to anal angle ; in some examples, however, it is 
confined to the outer angle, as three or four blotches. The upper surface 
is less dusted with dark scales than in the male, the under surface about 
the same, the discal spots, fringes and other characters as in the male. 

Described from 15 males and 7 females — three of which are yellow, 
three white, and one intermediate — taken in Yellowstone National Park, 
and at Arangie, Idaho, in July. 


Mr. Bean, in CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIsT, Vol, XXII., p. 127, men-. 


tions specimens of a Colias intermediate between Scudderi and pelidne, 
and it is probable that this is the same, but as I have none of his material, 
and he gives no description of it, I am not certain. 


Thymelicus Edwardsit, n. sp. 


Upper surface bright golden-yellow, fringe dark brown within, lighter 
outwardly. Beneath primaries yellowish, except inner margin, which is 
shaded with black; hind wings yellow over the anal margin for one- 
third the width of the wing, rest grayish-yellow. 


Type. —One male, taken near Denver, Colorado, 


9 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 


CATALOGUE OF THE PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PARASITIC 
HYMENOPTERA OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F.R. S. C., OTTAWA. 
(Continued from page 21.) 

Aniblyteles subrufus, Cress.—One @ labelled Zch. seguax, received by 
Mr. Fletcher, appears to belong to this species. It is certainly not 
SCQuaxr. 

Amblyteles suturalis, Say. 

Amblyteles superbus, Prov.— Thirteen Qs, including Provancher’s 
type, which Mr. Davis has found to equal swturadis (CAN. Ent., Vol. 


XXVII., p. 287). They are yellower than Ottawa specimens, with 


sutural bands of abdomen weaker and sometimes wanting. 

Amblyteles subfuscus, Cress.—Two 2s. 

Trogus buccatus, Cvess.— ? described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 

Trogus Edwardsii, Cvess.— ¢ described from same coll. 

Trogus Fletcheri, Hargtn.—Type ? in my coll. 

Platylabus pacificus, Hargtn.—Type 2 in my coll. 

Hemichneumon vancouverensis, Hargtn. 
Hypocryptus vancouverensis, Hargtn.— Type f in my coll. Mr. 
Davis informs me that this species belongs to Hemichneumon. 

Pheeogenes discus, Cress.—One °. 

Phezogenes fungor, Vort.—Two 9s. 

Phexogenes sectus, Prov.— One g. The species was described from 
coll., Taylor. 

Centeterus canadensis, //argtu.—Three types ? in my coll. 

? Herpestomus attenuatus, Prov. 
Phygadeuon attenuatus, Prov.—Taylor, loc. cit. Not seen. 

Herpestomus orbus, Prov. 
Pheogenes orbus, Prov.i—The 92 of this species was described 
by Provancher from a specimen sent to him by Mr. Fletcher. Not 
seen. 

Phygadeuon crassipes, Prov.—One 92. Differs from description in 
colour of ovipositor. 

? Phygadeuon seminiger, Hargtn. 
Semiodes seminiger, Hargtn.—Type ¢ in my coll. Mr. Davis 
thinks this belongs to Phygadeuonini. 

Phygadeuon nitidulus, /rov.—One 9. The 9? of this species was 
described from coll., Fletcher, 


f 
} 


Phygadeuon subspinosus, Prov.—Taylor ; Zoc. cit.. Not seen. 
Cryptus extrematis, Cvess.—Ten ¢s sent to Mr. Fletcher are labelled as 
bred from Trichiosoma. 
Cryptus flavipes, argtn.—Type 2 in my coll. 
Cryptus Fletcheri, Prov.— 2 described from coll., Taylor. 
Cryptus pentagonalis, Prov.—One ¢. ; 
‘ 


44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — : 
; 
, 


Cryptus punicus, Cvess.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phi, 1878, p. 364. 

Cryptus persimilis, Cvess.—One f. 

Cryptus proximus, Cress.—Three 9s. 7 

Cryptus resoiutus, Cress.—One ¢. | 

Cryptus robustus, Cvess.— Taylor (oc. cit.), ‘Not uncommon.” Not 
seen, and probably proximus. 

Cryptus rufoannulatus, Prov.—Taylor, doc. cit. One 2 received by Mr. 
Fletcher. 

Cryptus ultimus, Cvess.—Two ¢s. Labelled as bred from Trichiosoma 
in April. 

Cryptus, n. sp.2—One @ near vancouverensis. 

Cryptus vancouverensis, argtz.—Three types ¢ in my coll. 

Cryptus victoriaensis, Zargtn.—Two types 2 in my coll. One @ also 
received by Mr. Fletcher. 

Cheretymma Ashmeadii, Hargtn.—Type 2 in my coll. One 2? also 
received by Mr. Fletcher. This has annulate antenne ; the antennz 
of type were missing. 

Orthopelma occidentale, Ashm.—One 9. 

Hemiteles crassus, Prov.—Taylor, loc. cit. Not seen. 

Hemiteles militeez, 4Asim.—One ¢. 

Hemiteles occidentalis, Hargtn.—Type 2 in my coll. : 

Hemiteles piceiventris, argtn.—Type 2 in my coll. 

Hemiteles scolyti, 4s4m.—One @. 

Ophion bilineatum, S¢y.—Eighteen specimens. ‘These vary in size and 
colour, but apparently all belong to one species. 

Ophion nigrovarium, Prov. (?)—Taylor (oc. cit.) notes that the single 
insect so determined for him was destroyed. 

Anomalon Edwardsii. Cress. — 2 described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 

Anomalon nigrum, /7ov.—Taylor (doc. cit.): ‘‘ Several bred from pupz of 
Noctue.” Not seen. 


Campoplex laticinctus, Cvess.—One °. 
Campoplex major, Cvess.—@ described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 45 


Limneria argentifrons, Cress.?—One specimen, without abdomen, labelled 
feaviricta, but cannot be that species. 

Limneria compacta, /vov.— Q described from coll., Taylor. 

Limneria dubitata, Cress.-One 2. 

Limneria fugitiva, Say.—One 9°. 

Limneria major, Cress—One 2. This is labelled Z. genuina, Say, but 
there does not seem to be any species described under that name, 
although Provancher also quotes it in his work. 


Limneria valida, Cress.—One 9°. 

Angitia americana, Hargtn.—Type @ in my coll. 
Pyracmon vancouverensis, argtn.—Type 2? in my coll. 
Banchus superbus, Cvess. 


Banchus polychromus, Prov.—Two 9s. Provancher’s type not 
seen, but it seems undoubtedly, from description, to be a somewhat 
immature example (in which the black is not fully developed) of this 
well-marked yellow and black species. 


Mesoleptus fasciatus, /0v.— ? described from coll., Taylor. 
Phobetes canadensis, Hargtn.—Type 2 in my coll. 
Mesoleius letus, Cress.— ¢ described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 
Mesoleius truncatus, Prov. 
Mesochorus truncatus, Prov.i— 2 described from coll., ‘Taylor. 
Tryphon communis, Cress.—Two ¢s. 
Syrphoctonus agilis, Cress. ( Bassus).—Three Qs. 
Syrphoctonus pacificus, Cvess. (Bassus).— ¢ described from V. I. coll., 
H. Edw. 
Coleocentrus occidentalis, Cress.— 2 described from same coll. 
Rhyssa persuasoria, Ziwu.—One ¢. 


Ephialtes pacificus, Zargtn.—Three types 9 and one 4 in my coll. The 
male is a very small specimen. 


Ephialtes thoracicus, Cvess.— 2 described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 
Ephialtes tuberculatus, Fowrc.—Two Qs. + 
Ephialtes vancouverensis, Hargtn.—Type 2 in my coll. 


Theronia fulvescens, Cress.—Fourteen 2? and four ¢ specimens. A 
common insect, infesting Clisiocampa, Orgyia, Menapia, etc. 


46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Pimpla atrocoxalis, Cress.—One 2. From Clisiocampa. 

Pimpla conquisitor, Say.—Two @s. 

Pimpla ellopix, /Zargtn.—Types ¢ 2? in my coll. Bred by Fletcher 
from pupe of E//opia somniaria, a moth of which the larvze are 
most destructive to the foliage of oaks. 

Pimpla inquisitor, Say.—Four ¢s. Apparently the P. indigatrix of 
list published by Taylor. 

Pimpla pedalis, Cvess.—One 9. 

Pimpla sanguinipes, Cvess.—Four }?s. 

Pimpla tenuicornis, Cvess.—One @. 

Polysphincta texana, Cress.—Two 9s. 

Glypta erratica, Cress.—One 9. 

Arenetra pallipes, /Zargtn.—Five types g¢ in my coll. Common at 
Victoria in March, April and May. Four @s received by Mr. 
Fletcher. 

Cylloceria occidentalis, Cress.—Two fs. 

Lampronota Edwardsii, Cress.—One 2. ‘This was labelled Codeocentrus 
rufus, Prov., and was entered under that name in Taylor’s list. The 
species was described from ? in V. I. coll, H. Edw. : 

Lampronota pleuralis, Cvess——One ¢. 

Lampronota segnis, Cress.— ¢ described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 

Lampronota vivida, Crvess.— g described from same coll. 

Xorides occidentalis, Cress.— ¢ described from same coll. 4 

Euxorides vancouverensis, Prov.—The type ? was from Taylor’s collec- 


tion. Not seen. 
Xylonomus insularis, Cress.— 9 described from V. I. coll., H. Edw. 


Aplomerus tibialis, Prov. 
Platysoma tibialis, Prov.—One ¢ labelled as found under loose 
bark. The type @ was also collected by Taylor. 

Ecthrus abdominalis, Chess One 9. Specimen also in coll. Geological 


Survey. 


Ecthrus (?) maurus, Cvess.—@ described from V. I, coll., H. Edw. 


Se 


-— ——— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 


BRACONID.E. 


Bracon atripectus, 4shm.—Three 2 and one ¢ specimens. The latter 
was labelled as type of Bracon bisignatus, Prov., but no description 
appears to have been published. 


Bracon sanguineus, 4skm.—Two, 2? ¢. 


Doryctes pacificus, Prov. 
Phylax pacificus, Prov., Can. Evt., Vol. XVI, p. 117, 93 Phylax 
niger, Prov., ibid., ¢.—-Five 2 and one $ specimen, which are 
considered by Ashmead to belong to the same species. 


Microdus sanctus, Say.—One ?. 
Helcon frigidus, Cress.—One @. 


Macrocentrus mellipes, Prov.—One ¢. 


CHALCIDID&. 
Diomorus (?) Zabriskii, Cress.—One ¢. 
Meraporus sp.—Six specimens. 
PROCTOTRYPID&. 
Mesitius vancouverensis, 4sim.— @ described from coll., Taylor. 
Anteon puncticeps, 4shm.— g described from V. I. coll., Wickham. 


Polymecus vancouverensis, Asim.— ? described from coll., Taylor. 
TRIGONALID&. 


Trigonalys canadensis, Hargtn.—Type ¢ in my coll. 


A NEW SPECIES OF PROTANDRENA, CKLL. 
BY S, N. DUNNING, HARTFORD, CONN. 


Protandrena Cockerelli, n. sp.— 2. Length, 12 mm.; shining black. 
Upper half of clypeus, lower portion of supraclypeal area, and part of 
side pieces, bright yellow, all forming a band across the face one-half 
broader than high, and of equai breadth throughout ; knees yellow spotted. 
Head rounded, broader than high, and covered with a short growth of 
gray hair, longer on cheeks and thickest at base of antennz ; lower half 
of clypeus and two small dots near lower edge of band black, not deeply 
or closely punctured ; antennz black at base, becoming brown towards 


48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the tip ; first joint of flagellum not quite as long as the second and third 
combined ; mandibles black ; vertex deeply but not very closely punctate. 
Thorax covered with gray hair, quite thick below and anteriorly ; meso- 
thorax before deeply and a little more thickly punctured than vertex 
anteriorly, and the scutellum more largely but less closely punctate ; 
postscutellum similar to anterior mesothorax, while the metathorax is 
quite finely and closely punctate ; below the wings the thorax is closely 
and roughly punctured ; tegule and nervures rufous, the stigma with a 
light spot before; wings hyaline, much clouded at tip, marginal cell 
truncate and strongly appendiculate. Abdomen with white basal hair 
bands ; first segment deeply but not thickly punctured ; second, third, and 
fourth not as deeply and more closely punctate ; fifth more deeply and 
quite roughly punctate, and with a heavy rufous hair band posteriorly ; 
abdomen below with long and not distinctly separated hair bands, more 
finely punctate than above. Legs hairy, all except first joint of anterior, 
and the last joint of the middle tarsi rufous ; hind tarsi black ; anterior 
spur one-half as long as first joint tarsi, middle spur two-thirds as long as 
first joint of middle tarsi, and lateral spurs shortest of all, rufous ; claws 
cleft with several teeth inside. 

Described from one 2 taken at Topeka, Kansas, in'1864, by Mr. J. 
E. Taylor, and numbered 1,043 in my collection. Prof. T. D. A. 
Cockerell (after whom I have named this species, as a slight token of 
respect and of my gratitude for his many favours) pronounces this to be a 
valid new species. I would adopt his table (as published on p. g2 of the 
Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., July, 1896) as follows : 


A. Large species. 
(1) Stigma ferruginous. 
(a) Hairy, tegule rufous, knees yellow...... Cockere/di, Dun. 
(b) Not so hairy, tegule yellow spotted, 4 anterior knees 
yellow < UST Has. LES reece mexicanorum, Ckll. 
(2)) Stigma dark... 2). i.5,..(sc,s 4 ae ot Sheie nae AES CLE Cee re 
B. Small species. 
(1) Tarsi piceous in ?. 
(a) Postscutellum and metathorax brownish. .. mauruda, Ckll. 
(>) Postscutellum and metathorax black..... trifoliata, Ckll. 
(2) Tarsi rufous in ?, yellowish-white in ¢ ..../eteromorpha, Ckll. 


Mailed February Ist, 1897. 


os ‘(epul elioydn3) 37115938-Y3sMO71S 

WwW FJIGNAG JHL puke (eleydeoul syonseiq) WHOM-NVdS AYYIEINIG JHL 
5 

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= 

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~ 


The anautiay ¥ntomologist 


VoL. XXIX. LONDON, MARCH, 1897. Nos 3: 


THE BLUEBERRY SPAN-WORM (DIASTICTIS INCEPTARIA, 
Wax.) AND THE BUMBLE FLOWER-BEETLE 
(EUPHORIA INDA, Linn.). 


BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


On May 2oth, 1896, I received the following letter from a corre- 
spondent in Mount Vernon, N. H.: ‘‘I enclose you worms that are 
making sad havoc with the blueberry crop in this section. They seem to 
be great feeders, completely stripping the bushes of leaves and blossoms, 
but do not touch the green berries after they begin to form. The berry 
fields look as though a fire had passed over them, and the worms have 
nearly ruined the blueberry crop in this vicinity. 


“This blueberry ( Vaccinium penusylvanicum) needs no cultivation, 
only to burn over the old bushes every few years, when the new bushes 
will shoot up and bear the following year. There are hundreds of acres 
of land producing these berries in this and neighbouring towns, and so far 
as I can learn, about three-fifths of the crop has been déstroyed by the 
worms.” 


Accompanying the letter were four nearly full-grown span-worms and 
one pupa. The larve were new to me, and their ravages described above 
also made them interesting from an economic standpoint. One was 
therefore photographed, about three times natural size ; both dorsal and 
lateral views of it are shown on the plate. When full-grown the larvze 


measure about five-eighths of an inch in length and are peculiarly marked, 


as the figures show. The general colour of the body is light yellowish- 
purple. The dark portions are of a dead black colour. The sutures of 
the head are broadly margined with white, and a broad white band crosses 
the sides of the head. The mesal stripe on the dorsum is light yellow, 
as is also the narrow stripe extending along the subdorsal region through 
the large black areas, The broad stigmatal stripe is light orange-yellow, 
whitish below each large black area. Spiracles black. The large black 
subdorsal areas are in a broad light purplish stripe. The body is sparsely 


50 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


clothed with black hairs. ‘The true legs are black, with yellow bands at 
the extremities of the joints. Venter yellowish, tinged with purple. 

On May 22nd, one of the larve changed to a pupa on the soil in my 
cage. The worms would not eat the currant leaves placed in the cage. 
The pupa is of a very dark, shining brown colour, with the abdomen a little 
lighter and sparsely punctate. 

As the other pupa and the larvee had all died, the pupa just described 
was watched with much interest daily. At last, on the twelfth day (June 
4), a dainty, modest little Quaker-gray moth emerged. It is shown, twice 
natural size, on the plate. About the only noticeable markings on the 
wings are one or two blackish spots on the costa of each front wing. 
The antenne are quite stongly pectinated. The moth was at once sent 
to Mr. Hulst, who determined it as Déastictis inceptarta, Walk. In an 
illustrated communication to the ‘Rural New-Yorker” for July 25, 
1896, I proposed that the insect be popularly known as the “ Blueberry 
Span-worm,” in recognition of its destructive work on that plant. 


The moth was first described in 1862 (Cat. Brit. Mus., XXVI., 1667), 
from a Canadian specimen in the D’Urban collection. Dr. Packard again 
described it as avgi//acearia in 1874; this name was found to be synony- 
mous with Walker’s earlier name, évceptaria, by Mr. Moffat, as recorded 
by Mr. Hulst (Ent. News, VI., p. 11, 1895). Dr. Packard records the 
moth from Maine, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Canada (Mon. of 
Geom., p. 258). He states that ‘‘it is very abundant in pine woods in 
Maine on a dry soil, rising and fluttering with rather a feeble flight, and 
soon settling again. In July, 1874, I captured thirty males before secur- 
ing a female ; the latter are apparently less ready to fly.” 

Heretofore nothing seems to have been known of the early stages of - 
this Geometrid. Whether there is more than one brood of the cater- 
pillars is not known. Doubtless the practice of burning over the blue- 
berry ‘fields every few years greatly checks the pest. The larve will prob- 
ably quickly succumb to a Paris green spray, and a little united effort 
among those interested would soon control this blueberry span-worm. 


THE BUMBLE FLOWER-BEETLE (Luphoria inda, Linn.). 

This yellowish-brown beetle, with its wing-covers sprinkled all over 
with small, irregular black spots (shown at a on the plate, twice natural 
size), is our most common flower-beetle in the North, ‘It is one of the 
first insects to appear in the spring. It flies near the surface of the ground, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51 


with a loud, humming sound, like that of a bumble-bee, for which it is often 
mistaken. During the summer months it is not seen, but a new brood 
appears about the middle of September. The beetle is a general feeder, 
occurring upon flowers, eating the pollen; upon cornstalks and green 
corn in the milk, sucking the juices; and upon peaches, grapes, and 
apples. Occasionally the ravages are very serious.” (Comstock’s Man- 
ual for the Study of Insects, p. 565.) 


Although this beetle is so common, and has been known for more 
than a hundred years, nothing was recorded of its earlier stages (beyond 
the fact that it occurred in its various stages in the nests of ants) until 
December, 1894. Then Mr, Chittenden (Insect Life, VII., 272) recorded 
the rearing of the beetle from larve found in manure on Long Island. 
When found, July gth, the larve were encased in cocoons, and the last 
week in August these cocoons contained living adults. 


On June roth and July 8th, 1896, I received a large number of 
grubs from Mt. Kisco, N.Y. They were found in a manure pile that had 
not been disturbed since the preceding August, and from the soil beneath 
another pile made in October and moved in the following April. One of 
these grubs is represented, twice natural size, atc on the plate. When 
compared with a white grub (Zachnosterna, sp.), it was found to be con- 
siderably shorter and thicker-set ; its legs were not more than one-half as 
long, and its head was also much smaller than that of the white grub. 
The dull leaden hue of the body, due to the contents of the food-canal, 
indicated that its food consisted of dead vegetable matter rather than 
living roots, as in the case of the white grub. When they were placed 
on their feet or venter, they would crawl an inch or so and then roll over 
and crawl with considerable rapidity, with a wave-like motion, on their 
backs. I also found several similar grubs in a pile of rotting sod and 
manure which had not been disturbed for a long time. I have seen no 
evidence of their eating the roots of living plants. 


The grubs were placed in cages containing rotting sod and manure, 
in which they quickly buried themselves. Twenty days later, July 28th, 
the grubs had changed to pupz in earthen cocoons of the somewhat 
peculiar and definite shape shown, twice natural size, at 4 on the plate. 
Evidently the grub forms an earthen cell in the soil by rolling and twisting 
about, and then cements together the particles of earth composing the 
walls of the cell so as to form an earthen cocoon, which retains its form 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


% 


or 
Lo 


when removed from the soil. Each cocoon has a curious roughened or 
more granular spot on one side (the upper side in the figure). 


The white pupa is shown, twice natural size, at @ on the plate. In 
pupating, the larval skin is shed off the anal end in the same manner as 
caterpillars do. In the case of the Spotted Pelidnota ( Pe/idnota punctata ), 
however, the larval skin splits down the whole length of the back, retains 
the larval shape, and forms a covering for the pupa, which remains inside. 


On August 13th, or sixteen days after pupz were found in the cages, 
several beetles emerged. They continued to appear daily until September 
1oth ; more (33) emerged on August 22nd than on any other day. They 
proved to be Luphoria inda, Linn. 


This bumble flower-beetle evidently feeds only on decaying vegetable 
matter, as rotting sod or manure, and is thus destructive only in the ~ 
beetle state. The beetles seem to do most of their injury soon after they 
emerge in the early fall. One correspondent wrote me that he collected 
forty-five of the beetles in one day on asingle ripe peach. Doubtless the 
beetles hibernate, but whether egg-laying takes place in the fall or spring 
is not known. ‘The fact that manure piled in August and October con- 
tained many nearly full-grown grubs the next June indicates that the eggs 
are laid and hatched in the fall, otherwise the grubs must develop very 
rapidly after hatching from eggs laid in the spring. ‘There seems to be 
one brood of the insect in the course of a year. Hand-picking of the 
beetles is apparently the most practicable method of combating it when 
it is found working on ripe fruits or on green corn. 

Since the above was written, some further notes on this insect (read by Dr, Lintner 
at the Buffalo meeting of A. E, C. last August) have been published. Larve were 
sent to Dr. Lintner in chip manure in the latter part of June. On August 8th two 
beetles had emerged in his cage, and an examination of the earthen cells revealed other 
beetles and several pupx. An instance is given which seems to indicate that there is 


a possibility that the grubs may have attacked growing corn, but the evidence is not 
conclusive. 


BurrerrLies oF Norra America.—Mr. Edwards is about to pub- 
lish the last Part, the seventeenth, of the third volume of this magnificent 
work. It will contain three plates, illustrating Chionobas Iduna, Califor- 
nica, Oeno, Varuna and Alberta, with their early stages, and the imago 
of C. Peartiz. There will also be accounts of Papilio Brucei and Ajax, 
Neophasia Menapia, and Colias Eriphyle; and supplementary notes on 
a large number of other species, with title page and index, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. D9 


DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF 
CANADIAN PROCTOTRYPID. 
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. 

The following new genera and species of Proctotrypide were all 

collected in Canada by Mr. W. Hague Harrington, of Ottawa. 
SCORPIOTELEIA, gen. nov. 

Abdomen with five visible segments ; the last three segments long, 
slender, cylindrical, together as long as the second, and resembling the 
terminal segments of a scorpion ; the third segment is about as long as 
the fourth and fifth segments united, the fifth pointed. Front wings with 
the marginal vein shorter than the marginal cell, and scarcely twice as 
long as the first abscissa of radius, which is slightly oblique. Antenne 
15-jointed, filiform, the first joint of flagellum the longest, about half the 
length of the scape, the following joints to the last very gradually shorten- 
ing, the penultimate joint being about twice as long as thick, the last 
joint oblong-oval, one-half longer than the preceding. 

(1) Scorpioteleta mirabilis, sp. n. 

¢.—Length, 4mm. Smooth, shining, pubescent ; head and thorax 
black, collar and prosternum brownish ; petiole and the large second 
abdominal segment brownish-piceous, the three terminal segments yel- 
lowish ; mandibles, legs and basal four joints of antennz ferruginous, the 
flagellum blackish towards apex ; palpi yellowish. 

The mesonotal furrows are deep, distinct ; the scutellum has a large, 
deep fovea across the base ; while the metanotum is smooth, tricarinate, 
‘with the posterior angles subdentate. Wings hyaline, pubescent, the 
tegule yellowish, the veins broad. Abdominal petiole longer than the 
metathorax, a little thicker towards base than at apex, striated, about 
three times as long as thick, rest of abdomen smooth, polished. 

Hab.—Kettle Island, in Ottawa River, August 18, 1894. 

STYLIDOLON, gen. nov. 

Abdomen with six visible segments, the body of same being long and 
very slender, twice as long as the petiole, and gradually acuminate to- 
ward apex, which has a gentle upward curve ; the second segment is 
scarcely longer than the petiole, the dorsum of same triangularly emargi- 
nated at apex ; the third segment dorsally, on account of the emargination 
in the second, a little longer than the fourth and fifth, but ventrally it is 
not longer than these two segments united ; the fifth is shorter than the 
fourth ; the sixth is conically pointed, a little longer than the third. Front 


54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


wings with the marginal vein as long as the marginal cell, or about 2% 
times as long as the oblique first abscissa of radius. Antenne 15-jointed, 
filiform, the first joint of flagellum about two-thirds the length of.the 
scape, the following joints to the sixth gradually shortening ; joints 7 to 
1t much shorter, subequal, about twice as long as thick; the 12th very 
little longer than thick, the last joint thicker, ovate, nearly as long as the 
two preceding united. 

(2) Stylidolon politum, sp. n. 

?.—Length, 3.5 mm. Polished black, shining, pubescent ; tegulee, 
scape and pedicel ferruginous, the flagellum black or brown-black. Wings 
hyaline, the veins dark brown. Legs rufous, the articulations paler or 
yellowish, the hind cox black or piceous black. 

Hab.—Ottawa, May 13, 1896. 

Mora, Forster. 
(3) Miota rufopleuralis, sp. n. 

?.—Length, 2 mm. Polished, shining, pubescent; head black ; 
dorsum of thorax and body of abdomen, except the tip, brown-black or 
piceous ; mandibles, collar, sides of thorax and beneath, rufous ; palpi, 
scape, pedicel, legs and petiole of abdomen, yellowish. 

The antenne are shorter than the body, the flagellum being brown- 
black ; scape as long as flagellar joints 1 to 4 united, the first flagellar 
joint the longest, not more than thrice as long as thick, the joints beyond 
very gradually shortening, the three or four penultimate joints only a little 
longer than thick, the terminal joint conical, only a little longer than the 
preceding joint. Wings hyaline, the tegule yellowish, the veins brownish, 
the marginal vein .very short, only a little longer than the first branch of 
the radius, or scarcely one-third the length of the radial cell. 

Hab.—Hiull, P. Q., August 14, 1894. 

(4) Mota Canadensis, sp. n. 

?.—Length, 2.5 mm. Polished black ; first three joints of antenne, 
the tegulze and legs brownish-yellow ; palpi white. 

The antennz are not quite as long as the body; scape as long as 
flagellar joints 1 to 3 united, the first flagellar joint the longest, more 
than four times as long as thick ; flagellar joints 7 to 12 hardly longer 
than thick. Wings hyaline, the veins brownish-yellow, the marginal vein 
about three times as long as the first abscissa of radius, or as long as the 
marginal cell. 

Hab,—King’s Mountain, Chelsea, P. Q., August 12, 1894. 


7 


or 
Ou 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ZeLotypa, Forster. 
(5) Zelotypa fuscicornis, sp. 0. 

g.—Length, 2.5 mm. Polished black, pubescent ; antenne longer 
than the body, fuscous, the scape hardly as long as the pedicel and first 
joint of flagellum united, the latter excised at basal one-half. ‘The 
flagellar joints 2 to 11 subequal, about four times as long as thick ; legs 
brownish-yellow, the hind cox black. Wings hyaline, the veins brown, 
the marginal vein hardly two-thirds the length of the marginal cell, or 
about one and a half times as long as the first abscissa of the radius. 
Petiole of abdomen rather stout, about two and a half times as long as 
thick, coarsely fluted. 

Hab.—Hull, P. Q., July 23. 

; PanTOCcLIs, Forster. 
(6) Pantoclis Canadensis, sp. n. 

?.—Length,2 mm. Polished black, pubescent, the body of abdo- 
men more or less brownish piceous ; antennz, except the 7 or 8 terminal 
joints, and legs, brownish-yellow. 

The scape is about as long as the first six joints of the flagellum 
united, the first joint of flageilum being a little longer and more slender 
than the pedicel, or about twice the length of the second joint ; all joints 
of the flagellum, except the last, are submoniliform and gradually become 
thicker and broader, the six penultimate joints being a little wider than 
long, subpedunculate ; the last joint is conical, a little longer than the 
preceding. Wings subhyaline, the veins dark brown, the radial cell 
rather small, triangular, a little longer than the oblique first abscissa of 
radius. Petiole of abdomen scarcely twice as long as thick, opaque, 
coarsely fluted. 

Hab.— Ottawa, August 13, 1894. 

(7) Pantoclis similis, sp. n. 

¢.—Length, 2.6 mm. Polished black, pubescent ; two basal joints 
of antenne, the palpi, the tegule and the legs, including all coxe, 
brownish-yellow. 

The antennz are shorter than the body, the scape being about as 
long as the pedicel and first joint of flagellum united ; flagellum brown- 
black, the first joint the longest, not quite five times as long as thick, 
’ with the basal one-third strongly excised, the following subequal, but very 
gradually shortening, so that the three terminal joints are scarcely two 
and a half times as long as thick. Wings hyaline, the veins brownish, 


56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the marginal vein about two-thirds the length of the marginal cell, or one- 
half longer than the oblique first abscissa of radius. Petiole of abdomen 
stout, two and a half times as long as thick, fluted. 

Hab.—Russell’s Grove, Hull, P. Q., August 5, 1894. 


A NEW WAPTER-BUG FROM CANADA: 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


The interesting new species of water-bug described below was received. 


some time ago from Abbé P. A. Bégin, of Sherbrooke, Canada. It was 
captured swimming on a fresh-water stream some little distance above 
Sherbrooke, and is of more than ordinary interest, from the fact that it 
belongs to the genus /a/odatopsis, Bianchi*, a genus not yet recognized in 
the North American fauna, and only recently characterized, being based 
upon the South American Hadodates platensis, Berg., also a fresh-water 
species. 

Halobatopsis Béginii, n. sp. 

?.—Length, 2.3 to 2.5 mm. Oval, velvety black ; a yellow dot or 
spot on middle of pronotum anteriorly, a larger,somewhat triangular,yellow 
spot, but more or less variable in shape and size, on the upper basal hind 
angle of the mesopleura close to the base of the metapleura, while 
beneath, the mesosternum anteriorly and posteriorly and along the median 
furrow or suture is more or less broadly margined with yellow. Antenne 
scarcely two-thirds the length of body; the first joint subclavate, slightly 
curved, shorter than the three following joints united, but distinctly 


longer than joints 2 and 3 combined; joints 2 and 4 subequal, longer 
than the third, the latter being about three-fourths the length of the 
second ; the fourth or last joint is fusiform. The legs in all my specimens 
are broken, but are similar to those found in Zrepodates, Uhler (= Steph- 
ania, White), the middle legs being much the longest pair. The anterior 
legs are very short, shorter than the body ; the femora, with their tro- 
chanters, being about as long as the tibize and tarsi combined ; the tarsi, 
consisting of only a single joint, being a little longer than half the length 
of tibiae ; middle legs very long, their femora alone being as long or even 
longer than the body, the tibize being fully one and a half times as long 
as the femora, the tarsi about half the length of tibie. The hind legs in 
all my specimens are broken, but the femora, which alone remain, are 
much slenderer and considerably longer than those of the middle pair. 

Hab.—Sherbrooke, P. Q., Canada. Dedicated to Abbé P. A. Bégin, 
the discoverer of the species and a most valued correspondent. 


*Ann. Musce Zool. ’Acad, Imp. des Sci. de St. Petersburg, 1896, p. 70. 


Jt 
~I 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


MAMESTRA CIRCUMCINCTA, Smiru. 
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 


The above species was described by me in the Proceedings of the 
U. S. National Museum, Vol. XIV., page 253, in my revision of the 
genus Mamestra. Recently Mr. Grote has questioned the distinctness 
of this species from o/ivacea. I could hardly credit this as being serious, 
and barely referred to the matter in the September, 1896, number of the 
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 240. In the December number, page 301, 
Mr. Grote returns to this subject, and again suggests that circumcincta 
may be either o/ivacea or comis. He refers to the fact that the descrip- 
tion resembles that of both the species cited by him, and brings in Mr, 
Beutenmiller to testify to the fact that my species closely resembles 
olivacea. Mr. Beutenmuller is not a specialist in the Noctuide, and not 
entitled to an opinion that would carry decisive weight. Furthermore, it 
was not fair to Mr. Beutenmuller to ask him to make the comparison 
without first referring him to my description. Mr. Grote speaks as if the 
statement that c7rcumcincta, or its description rather — for he has never 
seen the species — resembles o//vacea was an important one and a dis- 
covery of hisown. He does not refer to the fact that in my description I 
say: ‘the male resembling o/:vacea so strongly that I compared it 
closely at first, expecting a variety of this protean form.” It seems to me 
it would be impossible to state more definitely the fact that I recognized 
the very close resemblance, superficially, between the species newly de- 
scribed by me and the very variable one long ago characterized. Mr. 
Grote also omits entirely the fact that the last sentence in the description 
and my comment on it reads: ‘“ The sexual characters, however, refer 
the species to the rvenigera group.” On plate X., accompanying my 
paper, I delineate the sexual structures of cércumcincta at figure 52, and 
of o/ivacea at figure 53. The two are so utterly different that it is simply 
impossible that one type should be a modification of the other. My 
species is, therefore, based upon a structural character primarily, and 
after that upon colour and markings. Now, if Mr. Grote will claim that 
these structural characters are not of specific value, then the question of 
whether my species may be o/‘vacea is open for discussion. Until he 
takes this stand, these two species cannot be compared for a moment 
whatever their superficial similarity may be. I have asserted time and 
again that differences in sexual structure invariably indicate differences 
jn species. Many other Entomologists have taken the same stand. Mr, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


or 
oe) 


Grote has not, so far as I know, taken any stand in the matter, except so 
far as to deny the value of these characters for generic separation. If he 
is willing to assert that these structures have no specific value, then the 
question is an open one ; but I submit that to bring the matter before the 
readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, as if there was a mere matter of 
colour and marking to be considered, is neither scientific nor honest. 
Before suggesting the identity of the two species he should have referred 
to the fact that I recognized their superficial resemblance, and separated 
them upon a distinct structural character. 

One other point in Mr. Grote’s paper is worth noting. In the matter 
of Agrotis crassa, Mr. Grote excuses his failure to recognize the true 
character of the frontal structure by stating that neither he nor the 
Museum with which he is connected possesses a microscope. He does 
not distinctly say so, but it would seem as if neither did they possess an 
ordinary hand lens of frem 1% to 34 inch focal length, which is all that is 
necessary to recognize external structures of Noctuid moths serving for 
the division of genera. If not even the simplest and most necessary . 
appliances for study are at hand, is any man justified in making assertions 
on points concerning which he cannot have any possible certainty? But 
even without the optical assistance to which I have referred, surely either 
Mr. Grote or the Institution at Hildesheim has in its possession a little 
camel’s-hair brush, and with this, or even the frayed end of an ordinary 
wooden toothpick, the scales from the front can be sufficiently removed 
to enable one to recognize the frontal structure with the unassisted eye. 
One who makes assertions as to structure, should at least take every 
means within his power to make certain that they are accurate. Mr. 
Grote evidently has not done this, and in every assertion that he has 
made, concerning the identity of genera in this /¢/¢ia matter, I have — 
proved him wrong. ‘To escape from the necessity of considering his 
genus Carneades a synonym of Agronoma, he seems now to be willing to 
recognize the distinctness of the division that I have called Porosagrotis, 
basing it, however, upon the fact that the antenne in the typical species 
are pectinated. This he considers a good generic character, differing in 
that point from all the authors who have written on this genus. Unfortu- 
nately, the genus Carvneades contains species with antenne pectinated 
and antenne serrated, and so also does the genus that I have called 
Porosagrotis. There is no line of distinct demarcation between these 
two types of antennal structure, so that I could not utilize them even for 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59 


divisions within the genus. ‘The ordinary type of antenna in Carneades 
is what Mr. Grote has called brush-like, and consists of joints with more 
or less marked lateral projections, bearing on all sides stiff, bristly hair. 
It is the form that is called “ bristle-tufted” by other authors. The 
lateral projections vary in size in the species, and when they become 
evident to the naked eye the antenna is called pectinated. The pectt- 
nations may be long or short, and the distinction between a shortly- 
pectinated antenna and one that is merely “brush-like” is entirely a 
matter for the individual judgment of the author who uses the term, as 
the two forms grade into one another imperceptibly. Mr. Grote cannot 
escape either admitting that the sexual character that I have made use of 
to separate Porosagrotis is a good one for the generic purposes or ad- 
mitting that Agronoma must supercede Carneades. It does not make 
any difference to me which he chooses, because it does not distress me, 
as Mr. Grote says it does him, to have any name proposed by me relegated 
into the synonym, whenever there is scientific cause for it set forth by one 
whose methods of work and accuracy of research entitle him to the confi- 
dence of those for whom he writes. 


MONODONTOMERUS IN APPALACHIA. 
BY W. H. PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN. 


MOoONODONTOMERUS STIGMA (Fabr.). 
M. virideneus, Prov., Canada. 

Common in New England. In the District of Columbia I have 
reared it from the cell of A/e/itoma euglossoides, var. taurea, Say. 

The genus O/igosthenus cannot remain separated, the fine dentitions 
of hind femora being more or less indistinct, 

A frequent variety has no cloud about stigma. The abdomen 
varies in the amount of purple. 

A mave taken by me at Hartford, Conn., Aug., 1895, differs de- 
cidedly from the male of JZ. montivagus, Ashm., described by Mr. Cocke- 
rell in the Can. Ent., XXVIII, 127, May, 1896. My male measures 
3 mm. in length. It has no cloud about stigma ; the abdomen is purple, 
except apex and most of the first segment. ‘The scape is slender, as in 
the female ; the flagellum is as in the female. Hind cox and femora 
much more swollen than in the female, tooth longer, no denticulations. 
The abdomen is short, broad ; dorsum flat, shining. The descriptions of 
the females do not differ specifically. 


60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


THE Goi pame e OF CANADA. 


BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


XXII. THE CHRYSOMELIDA OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC —( Concluded ). 
Tribe X.—Hispint. 

The form alone of these little beetles is amply sufficient for their 
separation from the other tribes of Chrysomelide. They are more or less 
wedge-shaped, the elytra often broadly and squarely truncate behind and 
with rows of deep punctures, sometimes costate as well. Only two of the 
North America genera have been recorded from our territory, JZicrorho- 
pala, with 8-jointed antenne (owing to the fact that the last four joints are 
closely connate), and Odonfota, in which the antenne are r1-jointed. The 
middle tibiz are straight in both of these genera. 


MICRORHOPALA, Cheyr. 


A. Elytra with only eight series of punctures. 
b. Head usually red, thorax red, elytra blue-black with side margin 
and discal witta'teth  . 21225 dO 5 tae ea ce vittata, Fabr. 
bb. Head, thorax and elytra unicolorous (bluish, greenish or bronzed). 
Punctures of the outer rows of elytra larger than inner. .20 


11 Pee pear wien oe» CXCADGIG, Newms 
Punctures are outer rows the those of the inner. .22-.25 
rs ea ; ia kbd se nt 6 Rie ee ne 


AA. Elytra with more than elit series of punctures on a part of their 
length, the fourth interval bearing four rows near the apex. 
Form more elongate. {12 M.........¢.... +=» -POFEGHy eis 


Opontota, Chevr. 


A. Elytral punctures in ten rows; more or less distinctly 


costate. 
Elytra reddish or yellowish, with black sutural stripe. 
.24-.26 in (fig. r0o)...... .....dorsalis, Thunb. 


Elytra blackish, humeri sometimes reddish. 
Body beneath black, thorax in part and humeri of 


elytra red. .22-.28 in. .. scapularis, Oliv. 
Body beneath and diar reat elytra black. .24 — 
ae 2 isc. Le eeicolar, doliv: Fic. 10, 


Elytra rosy or rikeddish qulowish: rate broader at apex, and with 
serrate, explanate margin, the disc indistinctly marked with 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 


dark spaces. Under surface variable in colour, thorax coloured 

like the elvinds «024-20 Mi: Goes .. diene eeuere, Web. 

AA. Elytral punctures in eight rows, coste acute. Colour variable, 
usually with head dark, thorax and elytra pale with dark spots of 
IGPOPUNAT SHAME ES. It. 4 au. ite rkeb om.» - »<iern aap tleR@asaa ban, 


Tribe XI.—CAssIDINI. 


These are the “ tortoise beetles ” or ‘‘ helmet beetles ” found on morn- 
ing glories and other convolvulacew. ‘They are easily recognized on 
account of the peculiar form, which is circular or elliptical in-outline, the 
upper surface convex, the margins of elytra and thorax explanate (to a 
varying degree), the head concealed. Some of them, notable Cofptocycla 
aurichalcea, which, with its larva, is often abundant on the morning 
glory, are of most brilliant golden and greenish tints when alive ; these, 
however, being lost at or after death. The three genera found in Canada 
are as follows : 

Size large (.38—.46 in.), form more elliptical. 

Head partially exposed, thorax and elytra spotted.. Chelymorpha. 
Head entirely covered, thorax spotted, elytra plain.. .. PAysonota. 
Size small (.20-.30 in.), head entirely covered, antenne longer than 
Chordie Ss Ga pa sie Paiste, «Lis. Sistas ee wand PCO DEOL PCL R- 


CoptocycLa, Chevr. 


Three species are recorded, one of which, C. c/avata, Fabr., is easily 
known by its size (.30 in.), the brown elytra, which are roughened and 
gibbous, and the transparent spot on the middle of the outer margin. It 
occurs on the “ground cherry.” The others have the elytra nearly even 
without gibbosities, and are closely allied. Mr. Crotch separates them 
by the fact that in aurichalcea, Fabr., the body beneath and the last four 
joints of the antenne are black, while in guftata, Oliv., the sides of the 
body beneath are reddish and the last two joints of the antenne are 
black. Both are of about the same size, a trifle under a quarter of an 
inch in length. 

Puysonota, Boh. 


A rather large insect of a greenish or pale yellow colour, the thorax 
spotted, the principal and most constant spot being a large one near the 
middle. Two others are usually present near the base. Elytra not 
maculate. It is described by Say as P. unipunctata, 


62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CHELYMORPHA, Chevr. 


Represented by C. argus, Licht., of the size of the 
preceding species (.36-.48 in.), yellowish or reddish above, 
black beneath. Thorax with four black spots in a curved 
transverse row, behind which are often two others. Elytra 
usually with six black spots on each, arranged as shown in 
Fig. 11, and a common spot just posterior to the scutellum. 
Legs usually black. The prosternum is rather deeply longi- 
tudinally grooved and produced in front. 

The following bibliography gives the names of the principal papers 
on the North American Chrysomelide ; a few short articles have been 
omitted to economize space, since the genera have been treated in the 


more extended papers cited. 


1845-1848.—Lacordaire, Th. Monographie des Coléopttres subpenta- 
meres de la famille des Phytophages. 2 Vols. Mem. Soc. Roy. 
Liege, Vols. III. and V. 


= 


1849.—Haldeman, S. S. Cryptocephalinorum Borealis Americ diag- 
noses. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., N. S., I.; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV. 


1852-1854.—Suffrian, E. Monographie und kritisches Verzeichniss der 
Nordamerikanischen Cryptocephaliden. Linnea Entom.,VI.and VII. 


1856.—Rogers, W. F. Synopsis of the species of Chrysomela and allied 
genera inhabiting the United States. Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII. 


1862-1865.—Stal, C. Monographie des Chrysomelides de l’Amérique. 
Upsal. 

1865.—Leconte, J. L. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera 
inhabiting North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia. 

1866.—Leconte, J. L. Practical Entom., IL., p. 9 [ Prasocuris]. 

1873.—Crotch, G. R. Material for the study of the Phytophaga of the 
United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia. 

1880.—Leconte, J. L. Short studies of North American Coleoptera. Tr. 
Am. Ent. Soc., VIII. [Cryptocephalini]. 

1883.—Horn, Geo. H. Chrysomelidz, Hispini. Miscellaneous notes 
and short studies of N. A. Coleoptera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X. 

1889.—Horn, Geo, H. <A synopsis of the Halticini of Boreal America. 
Tr Am, Ent.Sdcs XVI; 

1891.—Leng, Chas. W. Revision of the Donaciz of Boreal America, 
Tr, Am, Ent. Soc.; XVIII, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 635 


1892.—Horn, Geo. H. Studies in Chrysomelide. ‘Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIX. 


1892.—Horn, Geo. H. The Eumolpini of Boreal America. Tr. Am. 
Fnf. Soc., XTX. 


1893.—Horn, Geo. H. ‘The Galerucini of Boreal America. Tr. Am. 
Ent. Soc., XX. 

1896.—Linell, M. L. A short review of the Chrysomelas of North 
America. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV. 


Since the note on the genus Zewgophora was printed (on p. 73 of the 
previous volume) two other species have been received from Mr. R. J. 
Crew, of Toronto: 2 Kirby, Baly (Reinecke’, Grote), which is uniformly 
yellowish above, and Z. scufe//aris, Suffr., in which the head and thorax are 
entirely yellow, while the elytra are black, with large punctures, separated 
by more than their own diameters. Collectors should be on the lookout 
for 2. consanguinea, Cr., which differs from scute//aris in having the 
occiput black, while the elytral punctures are close. It is known to me 
from Wisconsin, I]linois, and Manitoba. 


Attention should be called to a clerical error in the table of Crry- 
somela. The name /abyrinthica should read fnirsa. Dr. Leconte is 
said to have distributed it under the manuscript name of /adyrinthica, 
and in thinking of it by this characteristic cognomen the error was 
committed. 


ON THE MEXICAN BEES OF THE:GENUS AUGOCHLORA. 
, BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 


In the Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 
XX., 147, after notes and descriptions of five species of Augochlora, 1 
gave the following note: “All of the species of Augochlora mentioned 
above agree in having the hind spur serrate with numerous fine teeth, and 
form a distinct section of the genus. Another section, to which belong 
A. lucidula, Sm., A. sumptuosa, Sm., and A. Aumeradis, Pttn., is charac- 
terized by having this spur provided with four or five long teeth.” 


In the January number of this journal, XXIX., 4-6, Prof. Cockerell 
makes use of these distinctions—under more obscure terms, however— 
and has given special names to these sections, and that, too, without 
referring to my note. I have no objections to his giving names to the 
sections, however, for I have had ample opportunity to do. so, if I had 


64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


desired. My note was intended for the use of students of these insects, 
and was given to call attention to the form of the hind spur, the impor- 
tance of which was not indicated in the descriptions because all of these 
had the spur of the same form. 


It is nothing new to me to hear that the males of 4. viridu/a and A. 
fervida have the hind spurs different from the females. Indeed, I have 
never supposed that the spurs of the males of Hadictus and Augochlora 
presented any important characters, though, as a rule, I have mentioned 
the form of the hind spurs in the descriptions of the females. 


In Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII., 118, I indicated 4. /uciduda, Sm., 
as a synonym of 4. wiriduda, Sm. I intended to confirm Patton’s view 
that the former was the female of the latter, and cited the place where he 
had expressed it. As regards the synonymy of 4. /fervida, Sm., and A. 
humeralis, Pttn., the description of the male of Patton’s species is the 
only thing which leaves any doubt in my mind. I think they are the 
same, however. ‘Two of my specimens have the tarsi pale testaceous, 
while a third has all except the basal joint dark, seeming to connect the 
typical A. fervida f with the male described by Patton. I have no 
doubt at all about what I have identified as A. Aumeralis being the 
female of A. fervida, and that is all I have said about it. 


The females of the first division do not have the spurs “ ciliate or 
simple,” but serrate with numerous fine teeth. ‘The spurs are to be dis- 
tinguished mainly by the number and length of the teeth, a fact which is 
obscured by the terms ‘‘ciliate” and ‘ pectinate.” The females of the 
second group have the spurs with only four or five long teeth. 


It is one thing to use these characters in separating the species, and 
quite another to found named sections upon them before it is shown that 
they are valid indications of relationship throughout the genus. If we 
assume that Awgochlora is a genus distinct from /a/ictus, or even a 
natural section of that genus, we must admit that the form of the hind 
spur is a case of parallei_ modification, and no proof of affinity. Other- 
wise, we must subdivide each genus and rearrange the species according 
to the form of the spur. In AHadictus, | am satisfied that some species 
with few-toothed spurs are more closely related to species with finely 
serrate ones than to some species whose spurs are more like their 
own, Judging from analogy, we may expect to find the same thing in 
Augochlora. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 


NEW FORMS OF OSMIA FROM NEW MEXICO. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M. 


Osmia prunorum, Nn. sp. 


?.—Length, 9 mm.; shining dark greenish-blue, densely punctured 
with pale ochreous pubescence. Head subquadrate, face and front so 
densely punctured as to be cancellate; pubescence thin except on occiput ; 
clypeus punctured just like the front, with no central keel, the anterior 
margin broadly dark purple, the edge straight and entire, two converging 
brushes of orange hair projecting from beneath it. Mandibles with the 
two lower teeth long and pointed. Antenne rather short, flagellum only 
feebly brownish beneath. Thorax very closely punctured, not very 
densely hairy ; basal triangle of metathorax minutely granular, its extreme 
base minutely longitudinally plicate. Tegule black, shining, sparsely 
punctured. Wings hyaline, faintly dusky beyond the nervures, nervures: 
black. Legs black, with pale brownish or grayish pubescence, rufescent 
on inner sides of basal joints of tarsi; hind femora quite broad at ends, 
basal joint of hind tarsi quite stout. Abdomen short, suboval, convex, 
shining, strongly but not very closely punctured, first joint covered with 
sparse long pale ochreous pubescence ; remaining joints with a sericeous 
pile, only noticeable in certain lights, when it will take more or less the 
appearance of bands. Apex with snow-white hairs. Ventral scopa black 
in middle and yellowish-white at sides. 


g.—A little larger; face and clypeus densely covered with silky 
white pubescence ; pubescence of thorax a deeper ochreous, especially on 
scutellum. Antenne long, flagellum rufous beneath. Colour of head and 
thorax a decided olive green. Wings not dusky beyond the nervures. 
Pubescence of last four legs sparse and black. Middle tarsi ordinary. , 
Pile of second and third abdominal segments pale ochreous, that of the 
following segments black except narrowly along hind margin of fourth. 
Sixth segment with a shallow median depression ; its hind margin with a- 
very distinct rounded emargination. Apex with two long black spines. 


fHlab.—Mesilla Valley, N. M.; 3 9, 1 $ at flowers of plum, 
College Farm, April g (CkIl.); 4 9, 1 ¢ at flowers of Sisymbrium, 
College Farm, April rath (Ckll.). Resembles O. distincta, but easily 
known by the bicoloured ventral scopa. ‘The ¢ seems to resemble that 
of proxima, which I have not seen. ‘This species is apparently referable 
to the subgenus Cha/cosmia, Schmeid, 


66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Osmia phenax, n. sp. 


?.—Length, 9 mm. This so closely resembles prunorum that I 
had confounded it with it. It differs in the following particulars: Head 
and thorax olive green, clypeus strongly purple on the disc. Flagellum 
ferruginous beneath. ‘Pubescence somewhat thinner, and entirely rather 
dull white. Tegulze shining rufotestaceous. Wings faintly dusky all over. 
Abdomen duller, olive green with faint purple tints, punctures larger and 
closer. Ventral scopa thin and short, pale fulvo-ochreous, uniform in 
colour. Small joints of tarsi more or less rufescent. 


Hab.—Mesilla, N. M., at flowers of honeysuckle, April 13, 1895 
(Miss J. E. Casad). Also one taken some time ago at Las Cruces, by 
Prof. Townsend. Easily known by the colour of the tegule, which is 
very unusual for Osmia. A specimen was compared by Mr. Fox with the 
Cresson collection, and returned with the note: “ Near dstincta, colour 
paler, and wings clear throughout, tegule testaceous, punctures of dorsu- 
lum stronger.” 


Osmia cerast, 1. sp. or var, 


?.—Length, 914 mm.; stoutly built, very dark blue, greenish on 
vertex and dorsum of thorax, purplish on clypeus. Pleura sometimes 
black. This agrees with Cresson’s description of O. densa in almost every 
particular, and may be only a southern variety of it; but it has the 
pubescence of the occiput and thorax above bright rust-red, as Cresson 
describes for rustica. The thorax is distinctly green anteriorly. The 
apical margins of the abdominal segments are dark blue, concolorous with 
the rest. Pubescence of pleura and face entirely black ; ventral scopa 
black. Tegule black. Pubescence of abdomen short, black, except that 
on first segment, which is longer and pale fulvous. The punctures of the 
head and thorax are large, and about as close as it is possible for them to 
be ; those of the abdomen are also close. Legs with black hairs. 


Hab.—Mesilla, N. M., on flowers of cherry, April 14th, 1895 (Miss 
J. E. Casad); College Farm, Mesilla Valley, April 9th, 1895, on flowers 
of plum (Miss J. E. Casad). Also one taken at Las Cruces by Miss 
Agnes Williams (now Mrs. Herbert). The above three are all the species 
of Osmia observed in the Mesilla Valley. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 


NOTES ON EUPOEYA AND THE MEGALOPYGIDE. 
BY HARRISON G, DYAR, NEW YORK. 


I have had occasion to refer three times in these pages to the genus 
Eupoeya, placing it, with some doubt, in the Megalopygide. Very re- 
cently I have been so fortunate as to discover the larva in Florida on the 
mangrove. It is a true Eucleid, contrary to my expectation, but in con- 
firmation of Dr. Packard’s original statements. This genus, then, re- 
moved from the Megalopygide, renders it possible to define the family 
by the branching of vein 1 of primaries, instead of by the pectinations of 
the antennz to the tip, which proves to be a fallacious character. 

Megalop yetde. 

If the family be defined on this character, it appears unfortunate that 
Aurivillius does not refer to it, nor show that part of the wing in the 
figures in his recent paper on the group. Aurivillius would place the 
African genera Somabrachys and Psycharium in the Megalopygide, which 
is interesting, if well founded, as extending the geographical distribution 
of the family to the Old World. (Tris, Dresden, VII., 189, 1894.) 

In Can. Ent., XXVIL, 244 (1895), I referred eight genera to this 
family. Eupoeya may now be omitted, but 4/émera bicolor, Moschl., may 
probably be added. Recently Grote doubted (Can. Enr., XXVII., 136) 
the correctness of Berg’s union of Lagoa with Megalopyge. Moschler 
had previously expressed the same opinion (Abh. Senek. Naturf. Gesell., 
XVI., 122) and stated that zzda, the type of Megalopyge, differs in an- 
tennal characters. ‘‘ Die Fihler von zvda sind kurz, kaum halb so lang 
wie die Vorderfliigel, beim ¢ an der Spitze ausserst kurz gekammt, 
wahrend dieselben bei cvispats langer als der halbe Vorderfliigel, starker 
und bis am Ende gekammt sind.” 

If we accept these characters as diagnostic of the two genera, our 
species separate as follows: 

Genus MEGALOPYGE: contains zuda (type), /anata and opercularts. 

Genus Lacoa: contains crispata (type) and pyxidifera. 

The larval characters confirm us in dividing our species into two 
genera, since the larva of ofercudaris has the hair crested and curled and 
is furnished with a terminal tail-like tuft, while those of crispata and 
pyxidifera are evenly and smoothly haired. 

Grote states that Lagoa is preoccupied, but I do not find this to be 
the case in Scudder’s Nomenclator, Pimela, Clem, is preoccupied by 
Pimelia, Fab. (Coleop.) 


65 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The genera of the Megalopygid at present are as follows : 

Aidos Hiibn., Carama Walk., Mesocia Hiibn., Podalia Walk., Och- 
rosoma H.-S., Sciathos Walk., Alimera Moschl., Megalopyge Hiibn., 
Lagoa Harr., Sombrachys Kirb. (?) and Psycharium H.-S. (?) 


The larva of Eupoeya. 


The larva of #. S/ossonie is flattened, green, with four dorsal red dots 
and fringed with a row of regular hairy appendages. They represent the 
subdorsal row, are detachable and furnished with heart-shaped basal 
pieces. There are no stinging spines. The form represents the same 
special adaptation as in Sisyrosea, but superimposed upon the phylo- 
genetic characters of Phobetron. Our larva is a green Phobetron with 
all the appendages of the same length and the lateral tubercles atrophied. 

Dr. Packard states that Eupoeya is not the Cuban PAryne tmmacu- 
Jata, Grote, but he has neglected to compare the forms listed as Auproctzs 
argentifiua, Hubn., &. fumosa, Grt., and Z. pygmea, Grt., all from Cuba 
and one of which at least is a Eucleid as shown by Dewitz. (N. act. k. 
Leop.—Car. Deut. akad. nat., XLIV., 252). 


It is curious that the Florida and Cuba forms of Eupoeya should be 
different species, while the recent description of a third form from Jamaica, 
by Schaus (Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soc. IV., 57), emphasizes this fact and renders 
it probable that still others will be found on other islands, possibly all 
mangrove feeders in the larval state. 


FURTHERINOGES ON AUGOGT eae 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA. 
A portion of my table of Mexican species, on p. 4, should be amended 
to read as follows :— 


5. Hind margins of abdominal segments broadly black, blue-green or 
more or less purplish-tinted species. 
(i.) Legs black; only the coxz, and front femora behind, me- 
tallte 5.00 ABR ns Ge 8 
(ii.) Legs metallic, blue or green ; nervures fuscous. 


a. Smaller, jlargely; pupplish; Speciesice. s..c0 nes labrosa, Say. 


b. Larger, green species, 5th abdominal segment basally - 


purple ....., seep never sere sat pees | = eee enero: 


= ere 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 


Hind margins of abdominal segments narrowly or not black, yellowish- 
ISPS E Se Ds Audet Stat ie to. Sa nktyeys + + + « Sed Matyas Gay nye ise: «= Ole 


Augochlora Robertsont, n. sp. 


This species had apparently been confounded with pura, but Mr. 
Robertson, who takes it commonly in Illinois, has pointed out good dis- 
tinctive characters in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XX. (1893), p. 146, under the 
name of /abrosa, Say. I possess a.? specimen from S. Illinois, sent by 
Mr. Robertson, and accepting his identification of it, had placed /aérosa 
in my table of Mexican Axgoch/ora, from the characters it presented. Say 
described his /aérosa from Mexico, however, and suspecting later an 
error in identification, I compared Say’s description. The result is, that 
I am convinced that Say did not have Mr. Robertson’s Illinois insect 
before him, and that the latter stands in need of a name, being apparently 
different from other described North American species. It is accordingly 
named after the writer who first pointed out its characters, which are, 
principally, the evenly punctured, not roughened, mesothorax, the broad 
face and deep emargination of the eyes, in the female ; and the fourth 
ventral segment not broadly emarginate in the male. The stigma and 
nervures are brown, not very dark, the second submarginai cell is con- 
spicuously longer (squarer) than in fura; the legs are very dark brown, 
the front femora metallic behind. In most respects, the insect is like 
pura, and could easily be confused with it. 


Say’s type of /abrosa is said to be a ?,, while the allied Binghami is 
described froma ff, but I do not think they can be the sexes of one 
species. 


Augochlora Townsendi,n. sp.-— g. Length, to mm.; head and thorax 
densely and confluently punctured, brilliant blue-green, pleura’ becoming 
very strongly tinted with blue; but the face, especially the clypeus and 
supraclypeal area, yellowish-green, the latter with a coppery tint. Abdo- 
men dark blue-green, not so blue as the thorax; hind margin of first 
segment narrowly, and of the others broadly, black ; venter black, none 
of the segments emarginate, nor any trace of the fishtail brush of Bing- 
hamt. Face broad, emargination of eyes deep; clypeus shining, sub- 
cancellate with large punctures, its anterior edge very narrowly at sides, 
and the labrum, black ; labrum striate, mandibles dark, only very faintly 
rufescent about the middle ; antenne reaching to scutellum, black, feebly 
rufescent beneath, not at all hooked at tip, first two joints of flagellum 


70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


broader than long, the first a little the shorter; third about as broad as 
long. Prothorax witha very strong keel running to tubercles ; meso- 
thorax evenly and very closely punctured ; scutellum very finely and 
closely punctured at the sides, the disc with a pair of small smooth 
sublateral areas, a yellower green than the surrounding parts ; post- 
scutellum very minutely punctured in the middle, coarsely subreticulate 


at sides ; metathoracic enclosure distinct, shining, very blue, with numer- 
ous longitudinal ridges ; sides of metathorax and the ill-defined truncation 
very closely punctured. Pubescence of head and thorax scant and pale, 
rather conspicuous on upper part of face, the hairs beautifully plumose. 
Tegule piceous, the outer edge hyaline, the base greenish and with 
minute punctures. Wings dusky hyaline, stigma dark brown, nervures 
piceous, second submarginal cell much higher than long. Legs black, 
with thin white pubescence, cox in front, and anterior femora behind, 
metallic blue-green ; anterior tibiz in front, and anterior tarsi, rufescent, 
remaining tarsi more or less rufescent within ; hind spur of hind tibia 
minutely ciliate. Abdomen with first segment having rather large, 
tolerably close punctures, and a small purple spot on each side ; second 
segment with the punctures conspicuously smaller and closer ; third with 
them still smaller, and much feebler ; remaining segments with them 
minute and feeble. No hair-bands, but short pubescence, shining 
brilliant silvery in certain lights. 

Hfab.—San Rafael, Vera Cruze State, last of June; collected by Prof. 
C. H. T. Townsend on plant No. 31, which Dr. Rose says is a Cordia, 
probably C. ferruginea. The coloration of this beautiful insect is 
singularly like that of some new species of Voluce//a taken by Prof. Town- 
send at the same locality, especially in the effect of the pubescence and 
metallic colours on the abdomen. It resembles somewhat A. urania, 
Sm., and A. feronia, Sm., from Brazil. On the same flowers, at the same 
time and place as A. Zowmnsendi, Prof. Townsend took both sexes of a 
lovely Zemnosoma, either Z7: smaragdinum or possibly a new species, 
since it seems to differ from Smith’s description, being larger, the head 
hardly quadrangular, the wings darker, etc., but it differs so little that it 
will be advisable to call it smaragdinum, Sm., var., until comparison of 
specimens can be made. 

Plant No. 4 (see p. 6) on which 4. Binghami was taken, has been 
identified by Miss Vail as Calopogonium ceruleum (Benth.) Britt, 


~ 


THB CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71 


A NEW PYRALID. 
BY MARY E. MURTFELDT, KIRKWOOD, MO. 


Titanio helianthtales, n. sp. 

Alar expanse 15 to 16 mm. 

Head small, with long, rather bristly scales, of which it is easily 
denuded, the colours mingled dingy white and buff; labial palpi project- 
ing, elongate triangular, densely scaled, of a buff colour, indistinctly 
margined with white ; maxillary palpi not in evidence ; tongue slender, 
naked, eyes globuiar, large, purplish brown; antenne silvery white above, 
pale brown beneath, the joints distinct and clothed with very short pubes- 
cence. ‘Thorax buff with white median line, patagia buff, bordered more 
or less distinctly with white. Abdomen clothed with buff or fulvous 
scales, with indistinct bands of white at base. Legs shading from pale 
brown femora to yellowish-white tarsi. Wings broad. Fore wings, ground 
colour of black, buff and white scales intermingled, ranging from dark to 
light in proportion to the number of white scales, which is variable ; a 
narrow, rather indefinite, white streak extends longitudinally from the 
base of the wing near the inner margin to about the middle ; a more dis- 
tinct white area has its base on the costa in the apical third extending 
obliquely backward about half across the wing; a narrow white line 
curves around the outer margin, diverging quite widely from the latter 
near the apical and the outer angles, most distinct near the costa, where 
it very nearly touches the base of the costal fascia, to this succeeds a 
dark band and a second narrower white line followed by a fine black 
marginal line ; fringes white, variegated with two dusky bands. Hind 
wings yellowish-white at base, shading to dusky toward the outer margin, 
near which is an obscure whitish band ; fringes similarly marked to those 
on fore wings. Under side of fore wings rather dark, silvery gray, except 
along the inner margin, where it is almost white ; near the apical angle is 
a light spot, larger and of oblong form in the ¢, small and round in the 
9. Described from two ¢s andtwo ?s. The combination of colours 
gives to the eye the general impression of pale purplish-gray, or “‘laven- 
der ”— to employ a milliner’s term — and there is considerable variation 
in pattern and proportion of the silvery white scales, which makes an 
exact description difficult. 

The adolescent stages of this insect are peculiarly interesting. It is 
a true leaf-miner and, so far as I have been able to learn, the only mem- 
ber of its family as yet discovered to have that habit. It works between 


~I 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the cuticles of the leaves of the Russian sunflower and probably of other 
species of Helianthus. 

The mine is large, translucent, of irregular shape, but covering an 
area of from two to two and one half square inches. The black, granular 
frass drops to the lower margin. The mine and included larva bear con- 
siderable resemblance, on a magnified scale, to those of some Lithocod/etis. 
Full-grown larva, 15 to 16 mm. long, 3.5 to 4 mm. in diameter across 
middle segments, from which it tapers gradually toward either end. Form 
cylindrical, with rounded segments and deep incisions, giving it a sub- 
moniliform appearance. General colour whitish green, often with a rosy 
suffusion. Head small, broadly triangular, polished, faintly mottled, dark 
brown on the lobes, with dingy white, triangular face. The corneous, 
whitish-green collar has two large, glossy, brown spots covering the greater 
part of its surface; or, it might perhaps be better described as brown, with 
broad, pale anterior and lateral margins and medio-dorsal line. Each of 
the other segments has the usual arrangement of conspicuous, round, — 
dark brown, piliferous spots, from which proceed very fine, short hairs. 

The pupation is irregular. In some cases the mature larve desert 
their mines and inclose themselves in oval cocoonets on the surface of the 
ground, but as a rule they spin up within the mine, in a nidus of loosely- 
webbed frass, with an inner, more firmly woven cocoon immediately in- 
closing the pupe. The latter are short, and thick, of a golden-yellow 
colour, without marked characteristics. 

The imago appears in eight or ten days after the larva spins up. 

The mines were discovered August 2nd, 1896, and in all probability 
were those of a second brood. Another series of mines was found on 
the sunflower leaves September 5th to roth, the moths from which issued 
shortly and probably hibernated — no later mines appearing. I am in- 
debted to my friend, Prof. Fernald, for the generic determination of this 
interesting species. 


Mailed March qth, 1897. 


ou etn “— 


“Vou. XXIX. LONDON, APRIL, 1897 No. 4. 


SYNONYMICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON NORTH 
AMERICAN ORTHOPTERA. 


BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 


In a review of N. A. Decticine (Can. Ent., XXVL.), I referred 
(p. 180) an undescribed Pacific Coast species provisionally to Drymadusa, 
an Old World genus of which I had not then seen specimens. Direct 
comparison shows that it differs from that genus in the lack of a humeral 
sinus on the posterior border of the lateral lobes of the pronotum and in 
the great posterior extension of the pronotum. I propose for it the 
generic name Apote (a-, 707). The species, which may be called A. 
notabilis, is testaceous, tinged on the pronotum with olive-green, the 
abdomen fusco-testaceous, much and minutely marked with black and 
light testaceous, the tegmina abbreviate but attingent, testaceous with 
black veins. The length of the body is 37 mm.; of the ovipositor, 28 
mm. Oregon. 

We have, however, another genus of Decticine not given in my table, 
consisting of long-winged species still more nearly allied to Drymadusa, 
but separable from it by the slender form, much narrower head and 
fastigium, narrower tegmina and the less incrassate base of the hind 
femora, and by the presence of spines on both sides of the under surface 
of the fore femora, though these are inconspicuous on the outer side of 
one species. It may be called Capnobotes (kuzvofdr77s) in allusion to 
the smoky aspect of the insects. 

To this belong two species described by Thomas and referred to 
Locusta, and which I had not determined when I published my former 
paper. Prof. L. Bruner has kindly sent them to me, as well as two other 
species, one of them from Lower California. The three United States 
species may be separated by the following table :— 

a.‘ Outer margin of fore femora distinctly spined beneath; metazona con- 
siderably elevated above the prozona, so that the pronotum is subsel- 
liform. 


74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


b.« Metazona abruptly elevated above the prozona ; anterior sulcus 
of pronotum very deeply impressed ; ovipositor much shorter 
than hind femora; tegmina marked with pallid spots and 
streaks . eas SS Ear 4 . fuliginosus, Thom. 

Di Niceoan: arutluially Diewitea “nie the prozona; anterior sulcus 
of pronotum distinct but not deep; ovipositor longer than the hind 
femora ; tegmina nearly uniform in coloration... brumnert, sp. nov. 

a.” Outer margin of fore femora very faintly spined beneath ; metazona 
scarcely elevated above the prozona, and the pronotum not sub- 
sellate .). 62 esc coo Seite is» , scan anche aah telbone © cae peice Orato 


Fuliginosus was described by Thomas from a male from Arizona, 
and the specimen, a female, sent me by Bruner is from the same territory ; 
Bruneri comes from California and was sent me by Professor Bruner ; 
occidentalis was originally described from California, and the specimens 
I have seen come from Nevada and Utah. The sub-family Locustine to 
which Thomas thought these species belonged has not been recognized 
in the New World. 

On different occasions I have received from the extreme south- 
western part of the United States specimens of a large speckled Acridian 
belonging to a generic type of Eremobiini very distinct from any known 
and differing widely from either of the two known genera of this group 
found in our territory. It may be called Tytthotyle (tu7@06s, tvAn), It 
has a general Oedipodid aspect, not unlike Anconia or Hadrotettix. The 
body is not depressed, and but little compressed ; the head is normal, with 
rather large and prominent eyes; the intraocular space, as seen from 
above, is narrower than the width of the eyes; the vertex is carinulate ; 
the fastigium of the vertex sulcate, distinctly declivent, passing by a 
scarcely interrupted curve into the frontal costa ; the latter is not very 
broad, contracted and sulcate just below the ocellus, then disappearing. 
The antennz are slender and shorter than the pronotum, at least in the 
female. The pronotum narrows rapidly from behind forward, is feebly 
carinulate with blunt lateral rugze or shoulders, the lateral lobes of equal 
width throughout ; the metazona is a little longer than the prozona, sub- 
acutangulate posteriorly ; the prozona is twice cut by transverse sulci, 
and is a little tumid on the disk. The tegmina and wings are fully 
developed and much longer than the body. ‘The hind femora are scarcely 
compressed, of general Oedipodid form, merely carinate above ; the inner 
and outer calcaria of the hind tibiz are subequal, and the arolea minute. 


{HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. gi) 


I know of but one somewhat variable species, described by Bruner as 
Thrincus (?) maculatus. Mr. Bruner has kindly sent me types of this 
for examination. 

The tribe Thrincini has not been found in America. The second 
species which Bruner has referred doubtfully to Thrincus, viz., 7: aridus, 
belongs to Heliastus, a genus of Oedipodini in near vicinity to the 
Thrincini. The species described by Thomas under the name Zhrincus 
californicus also belongs to Heliastus. 

Among the Oedipodini, Mestobregma Scudder and Trachyrhachis 
Scudder are synonymous and the former has priority. 

In Psyche (vi. 265) I pointed out that my Zeprus ingens from Cali- 
fornia belonged to a new generic type, for which I now propose the name 
Agymnastus (dyi‘yvaorTos) in allusion to its clumsy inactivity. It is most 
nearly allied to Leprus Sauss., but differs from it in its more bulky shape, 
due largely to the exceptional breadth of the mesosternum, its abbreviated 
organs of flight, which do not wholly conceal the abdomen when at rest, 
and the presence of a subcostal taenia reaching the base of the wings 
from the transverse fascia common to both genera; the posterior process 
of the pronotum also in rectangulate instead of rounded subacutangulate, 
and the intercalary vein of the tegmina is more or less obscure proximally 
and only a little nearer the median than the ulnar vein ; the upper and 
lower carinz of the hind femora, and especially the lower,are subfoliaceous. 

One of the genera of our Tryxaline has been very much named. It 
was first described by me under the name Aulocara, males only of which 
were seen. Very shortly afterward I redescribed it, from the female only,as 
Oedocara. A few years ago Brunner renamed it Coloradella, and recently 
McNeill has given it the name Eremnus ; Aulocara of course has priority; 
and the species on which it was founded proves, as Bruner has already 
pointed out, to be identical with Thomas’s Stauronotus Elliotti. The 
genus under the name Oedocara was included by Saussure in the Oedip- 
odine and by Brunner (as Coloradella) in the Tryxaline, an excellent 
illustration of the difficult definition of these two sub-families. 


Some years ago, in Psyche, V., I attempted to show that certain 
genera that had been referred to Tryxalinze should really be placed in the 
Oedipodine. I now think I was mistaken, at least as regards all the genera 
found in our own country, and would follow Brunner in placing them in 
the Tryxaline. It was partly owing to my statements that Mr. McNeill 
has rejected them from his recent Revision of the Tryxaline, 


—~J 
=r 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The generic name Beta, proposed by Brunner in 1893 for two 
unnamed species in his collection from Texas and Colorado, is proved by 
a specimen sent me by him to be the same as my Phlibostroma (1875). 
His Pseudostauronotus, proposed at the same time and manner, is 
identical, as a specimen sent me shows, with my Stirapleura. 


A REMARKABLE APPEARANCE OF CATOCALA 
INSOLABILIS. 


On Friday, June 6th, 1896, the first Catocalas were noticed in this 
locality for the season. Three /zso/abilis were taken. ‘The weather was 
hot—87° in the shade at 1 o'clock. The Saturday following was also 
hot, and Catocalas were abundant. During the forenoon twelve were 
taken on trees near the house. In the afternoon twenty-one more were 
taken on trees at some distance from the house, and in the evening, at 
sugar, twenty-three more were captured. Of the entire number (56) fifty 
were Jnsolabilis, one Nurus, three Z/ia, one Uxor, and one Marmorata. 
Sunday the weather was still hot, and on the way to and from church 
Catocalas could be seen on nearly every tree. The wind continued south- 
west. On Monday the wind had changed to south-east, and the Catocalas 
were still present, but resting higher up on the trees. This being a work 
day, I had but little time for observation or collection. After school 
hours, however, a few minutes were spent in the woods, and the Catocalas 
were found hard to capture. When startled they would light high up in 
the trees, sometimes fully twenty feet from the ground, and some would 
even alight upon the leaves of the trees. At dusk /wso/abi/is came to the 
sugar in abundance, and thirty were taken before it was dark enough to 
need a lantern. In all, fifty-seven were taken on Monday, all but five 
being Zzsolabi/is. On Tuesday the wind was north-west, and not a Cato- 
cala was to be seen. Not one came to sugar that evening. The only 
Catocala that was seen on Tuesday was snapped out of a tree by a scarlet 
Tanager and immediately torn to pieces. 


I have talked with other collectors of this vicinity, and all seem to 
have secured a goodly share of /vso/adi/is. 

In the parks and suburbs of Chicago there were literally thousands 
of Zuso/abilis during the three days. Previous to this remarkable flight 
the species was not common, so far as I have been able to ascertain. 


ARTHUR J. SNYDER, North Evanston, III, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘ee 
DESCRIPTION. OF THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS OF 
THE LARVA OF SIBINE FUSCA, WITH NOTES ON 
THE FOUR KNOWN LARV OF SIBINE. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 

Stoll figures the moth of two species of Sibine. He also figures two 
larvee of Sibine, but, owing to the unfortunate confusion into which his 
labels must have fallen, they are not attributed to the right imagines, but 
to two species of Dioptidee., After Stoll, Sepp also illustrated two species 
of Sibine, with their larvze correctly shown. One of Sepp’s species is the 
same as one of Stoll’s, the other is different in both larva and moth. 
This gives three species of the genus known in both larval and mature 
states, assuming only that the larva which Stoll figures as mécé/ia (228 G.) 
really belongs to the moth zesea*, which I think is probably the case. 

The names of the species are wzesea, Stoll ; fusca, Stoll ( =trimacula, 
Sepp = donaerensis, Berg. =? megasomoides, Walker =? affinis, Moeschler), 
and vidua, Sepp (=? fumosa, Walk.). As a fourth species we have 
stimulea, Clemens ( = ephippiatus, Harr.). 

The larve have in common the following characters: (1) The 
shape of the body, which may be sufficiently described by a reference to 
the well-known S. s¢zmulea; (2) the absence of subdorsal horns which 
bear stinging spines on joints 6 to 10 ; (3) the presence of a large patch 
of detachable spines above the horn on joint 13 and the lateral horn ot 
joint 12; (4) probably the presence of skin spinules only without 
granules, though this can not be definitely asserted till the two species 
nesea and vidua have been microscopically examined; (5) the color- 
ation involves a square green patch on the middle of the back, variously 
modified. Other characters are shared by the whole group of spined 
Eucleids. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE LARVA. 


The subdorsal horns which are present, long. 

Lateral horns long ; green, the horns all purple-brown, dorsal mark 
square, dark green, broadly edged with yellow..............vidua. 

Lateral horns short. 
Subdorsal horns and body green; dorsal mark square, without a 
central dark patch, edged before and behind with yellow... .xesea. 
Subdorsal horns and body purple-brown; dorsal mark elongate, 
projected below the posterior subdorsal horns, and bearing a 
central, elliptical purple-brown patch edged with white. . st/mudea. 


*Stoll’s so-called larva of wesea is an absurd error. It is a Notodontian with a 
long yellow horn on joint 6, 


78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The subdorsal horns short; green, the dorsal’ mark much elongated, 
reaching the posterior end of the body and projected forward below 
the anterior subdorsal horns, edged with yellow... ...... . Susca. 

The larva of fusca is evidently the most highly aseneaeean I have 
received a number of alcoholic specimens from Mr. G. Ruscheweyh, of 
Buenos Ayres, Argentina, under the name ‘“ Streblota bonaerensts,” but I 
am unable to find any differences in either moth or larva from Sepp’s 
figures. The coloration is largely lost in my material through the effect 
of the alcohol, but the outline separating the two shades of green can 
easily be traced, and is exactly as shown by Sepp and Stoll. 

Larva.—As compared with S. stimudea, Clem., the body is of the 
same shape, or a little more flattened, but all the horns are short. Sub- 
dorsal horns present on joints 3 to 5, 11 to 13, about .5 mm. long, alike, 
bristly with stinging spines ; absent on joints 6 to 10. Lateral horns on 
joints 3, 4, 6 to 12, even shorter than the subdorsals, sessile spined. A 
subventral row of two distinct pale sete. 

Dorsum broad, flattened, sides oblique, subventral space small, con- 
tracted. Segmental incisures deep, the depressed spaces (1) dorsal 
intersegymental paired, two lateral (4) and (6) all show as distinct black 
dots buried in the intersegmental folds ; addorsal spots (2) also present, 
small. A large, elongate patch of detachable spines above the lateral 
horn on joint 12, and a smaller one above the horn of joint 13. Caltrop 
patches present on the bare tips of the lateral horns of joints 6 to 12 
apparently, but nearly all the caltrops are lost in my specimens. The 
caltrops and spines correspond with those of S. stzmu/ea (Journal N. Y. 
Ent. Soc., Vol. IV., plate 1, figs. 5 and 6). Skin not very finely spinu- 
lose, the bases of the spinules enlarged, approximating granules, but still 
bearing the sharp tips. Colour largely green, a line of dark spinules 
joining the subdorsal horns of joint 5 runs forward on each side below 
the subdorsal horn on joint 4, turns down behind the lateral horn of joint 
3, and runs backward just above the row of lateral horns to joint 12, 
turns up over the subdorsal horn of 12, and joins its fellow again just 


above the horn on joint 13 ; a detached ring also surrounds the subdorsal 
horn of joint rr. This line evidently marks the joining of the dorsal 
green with a different tint, which obtains over the horns, the stigmatal 
region and the dorsum of joints 3 to 5. ‘Thoracic feet and venter as 
usual ; the spiracle on joint 5 moved up above the others. 


Habitat.—lf my synonymy is correct, Szbine fusca ranges through- 
out the eastern part of South America, from Guayana to Argentina, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79 
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF 
AULAX NABALI. 
BY THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC. 


The tall White Lettuce, Wadadus altissimus, Hooker, is a striking and 
graceful plant. At (Quebec it is found in glades and on the edges of 
woodland roads. Its wand-like stems rise sometimes to the height of six 
feet, and end in panicles of greenish-white or pale straw-coloured flowers. 
The stems are hollow, but have a lining or inner coat of white downy 
pith, which in the summer is sometimes found to be broken with 
discoloured warts. Late in the fall, when the stems of the plant have 
become indurated and the pith has dried up, the warts are found to have 
developed into galls of the size, shape and colour of grains of hemp. 
I have found them in the stems from about six inches above the ground 
up to a height of three feet or perhaps more. Sometimes they appear in 
clusters, sometimes in rows, and sometimes singly at intervals. The 
proper inhabitant of each of these galls is a footless, spindle-shaped grub, 
one-eighth of an inch long. In colour it is like white wax, with the mouth 
organs brown. It is more pointed at the head than at the other extremity. 
It lies curled round in the gall. 

Towards spring the pupal change takes place. This change may be 
hastened by warmth; the specimens I have kept in my study are now 
(January gth) passing through it. A week or two after the change 
the pupa is of compact form, white, waxen, with amber-coloured eyes. 
The head is small, the thorax large and convex, and the abdomen ovate 
and closely joined to the preceding part. The legs are drawn up by the 
sides of the thorax, and the tarsi are stretched backwards under the body. 
The antenne (beautifully translucent) are turned under the head and 
extended between the tarsi, reaching nearly to the end of the abdomen. 

The perfect insects were described by Dr. Brodie, of Toronto, in the 
25th volume of the CanapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST’, p. 12. I copy his descrip- 
tion for the benefit of those who may not have the volume at hand : 

“0 .—Length, 2.50 xx. Antenne 13-jointed ; uniform brown; head 
- “and thorax black ; abdomen shining brown, with a large anterior dorsal 
‘spot black ; all the tibiz, femora and tarsi brown, a little paler than the 
‘abdomen ; wings ample, veins well-defined, hyaline, iridescent at certain 
* angles.” 

“Abdomen of ¢ darker brown, and without the dark dorsal spot. 
** From numerous specimens,” 


80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Dr. Brodie discovered the galls in great abundance at the roots of 
the White Lettuce. I have not yet found them at the roots of the plant, 
and I am inclined to think that the insects are less numerous at Quebec 
than Toronto. 


A ‘NEW SPECIES OF ANCYLOXYPHA. 
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. 


Ancyloxypha Longleyi, n. sp. 


Female.—Expanse 1 inch. Fore wings with the costa more straight 
from the shoulder to near the apex than in /Vumitor, in this respect 
approaching Zhyme/icus ; apex rounded, but less than in /Vumitor,; outer 
margin and hind wing rounded, much as in VVumitor ; antenne reaching 
but little more than one-third the distance to apex of fore wings ; palpi as 
in Mumitor, but the third joint longer ; abdomen surpassing hind wings, 
but less so than in Vwmitor; the whole insect more robust than Vwmifor. 


Fore wings brown, darker than in /Vumztor, without the discal yellow 
patch, emitting a pale blue sheen in reflected light; a few yellow scales 
below the costa between the venules, and a few scattered on the base of 
the wing, but in either case not enough to give a yellow colour ; other- 
wise the wing is uniform brown. Hind wings marked and coloured as in 
Numitor; yellow, with outer and costal borders and base brown, the 
brown along internal margin running to a point before reaching anal angle. | 


Under side differing very little from the under side of Vumitor ; the 
dark central and posterior area of fore wings a little darker brown, the 
costal and outer margins yellow, the yellow running to a point before 
reaching the posterior angle. Hind wings uniform yellow. 


Antenne black, annulate with white; club black, tipped with brown— 
the club of Mumitor is tipped with black; palpi white at sides, black 
above, terminal joint black ; thorax concolorous with fore wings, abdo- 
men concolorous with hind wings. 


The above description is drawn from a single specimen taken at 
Ridgeland, near Chicago, September 6th, 1896, by Mr. W. E. Longley, in 
whose cabinet it is and after whom I have named the species. In 
describing the species I have compared the specimen with Mumitor 
because that species is so common all over this portion of our country. 
I hope the Chicago collectors will be on the lookout for this species the 
coming season. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81 


2 reheat O REE R.A OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
XXII. THe CERAMBYCIDZ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


The size and beauty of the Longhorns are in themselves sufficient to 
render them objects of interest to a beginner ; adding to this the fact of 
the great abundance of certain species and the destructive work of their 
larvee, we can readily understand their importance to all who are in any 
way interested in Entomology, whether as a pleasant recreation for leisure 
hours or a serious pursuit for gain. Although usually easily recognized 
by sight, the family is, as stated by Dr. Leconte, almost impossible to 
define. The tarsi are apparently four-jointed, the fourth joint being very 
small and connate with the fifth. The antenne are usually very long, 
especially in the males, filiform or serrate, often borne on large frontal 
tubercles. The eyes are frequently deeply emarginate. Tibial spurs are 
present. The larve are grub-like, living in burrows or chambers which 
they excavate for themselves in the woody tissues or in the pith of plants, 
the pupa resting in a cell constructed by the larva in its gallery. 


The collector will obtain many species of this family by carefully 
beating branches (especially if partially dead) and flowers, over a sheet 
or an umbrella. Dead logs should be searched, on both the upper and 
lower surfaces, and particularly freshly-cut timber or sawed lumber A 
morning spent in a wood yard will often repay one richly in rare speci- 
mens. Some are to be found commonly under bark and may be trapped 
by loosely fastening pieces of bark to a tree over night and examining the 
under side of bark in the morning. A great number fly to lights after 
dusk. Dead twigs and branches may be sawed or cut off, preferably 
during the autumn months, and kept in large boxes or in an empty room 
until the beetles are disclosed through the development of the larve 
contained therein. While the activity of the Canadian collectors has 
already resulted in the recording of a great number of species, there can 
be no doubt that others will reward the efforts of explorers of the more 
~ remote districts. 


Although mostly of at least moderate size, and after once identified 
easily recognized again, their classification presents considerable trouble 
owing to the fact that structural characters are so unstable and conse- 
quently of less than usual value for the separation of large groups. In 
the main, the arrangement adopted is that presented in the Leconte and 


82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Horn “ Classification,” though the tables are constructed on a different 
plan and on account of the limits of the fauna it has been possible to do 
away altogether with the use of certain characters difficult of observation. 


The prothorax in the Longhorns offers two principal types: that in 
which the lateral edge is sharp or thin for almost or quite the whole 
length, more or less toothed, giving us the form called margined, and 
that where it is cylindrical or rounded on the sides, which may, however, 
be either spined, tuberculate or plain. Thus we have a point of depar- 
ture for sub-family separation, which may be aided by taking into account, 
among those genera in which the thorax presents the second form, a 
study of the palpi. These may have the terminal joint more or less com- 
pressed or subtriangular as in the Cerambycine, or this joint may be 
cylindrical and pointed at tip as in the Lamiine. The front tibie in the 
latter group have an oblique sulcus or groove on the inner surface, not 
always very distinct, but to be seen without difficulty in the larger species 
like Wonchammus; once seen it may be used with some facility elsewhere. 
In the Cerambycine this groove is wanting. 


Following the Classification, we may, then, throw the characters into 
tabular form, separating three sub-families, thus : 
Prothorax margined, antenne not pubescent, labrum connate with the 
EpistOMa . is. . Gone eee en hra see Ses ek ee 
Prothorax not margined, labrum free. 
Front tibie not grooved ; last joint of palpi not acute at tip, often 
subtriangular... 91... 8 ee ee ee we nd ce ee NG Re 
Front tibiz with an oblique groove on the inner side ; palpi with last 
joint cylindrical, pointed at tip...........:... 00+ se dsAME 
The Canadian species of the first sub-family, the Prionine, are but 
three in number and represent as*many genera. All of them are of rather 
large size, brown colour, and with elytra of a leathery appearance. The 
genera may be distinguished thus : 
Sides of prothorax two- or three-toothed. 
Form elongate, parallel ; antenne more slender, joints not overlap- 
PID Qs. -.-,> = ala wits uk stmtios= (5. coe olen» (ee etaya ania cy ena 
Form stout; antenne heavy, joints overlapping, especially in the 
TALE sania. sd sn chahe meme sw cs edna te, elke le Oe pal er 


Sides of prothorax with one tooth, antenne slender,........ Zragosoma. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 


ORTHOSOMA, Serv. 


Represented by O. drunneum, Forst. (Fig. 
12), a large brown insect, .88 to 1.60 in. long, the 
elytra nearly parallel-sided, shining and rather 
thickly punctured. Prothorax more coarsely sculp- 
tured above than the elytra, each side with three 
sharp teeth. The head bears a deep, sharp im- 
pression between the eyes. The basal antennal 
joints are stouter in the males than in the females. 
I have found the larve in rotten pine timbers 
under sidewalks. 


Prionus, Geoff. 


The largest Cana- 
dian Longhorn is P. Zaticoldis, Drury (Fig. 13). 
It varies in length from .88 to 1.88 in., and is 
of a brownish or blackish colour, the prothorax 
almost or quite as broad as the base of the 
elytra, sides with three teeth, of which the pos- 
terior is sometimes poorly marked. The elytra 
are much broader at base than at apex. An- 
tenn twelve-jointed in both sexes, much heav- 
ier in the male. The larva (Fig. 14) is said to 
injure the grape, poplar, apple, and pine, by 
boring in the roots. 


Fic. 13. TRAGOSOMA, Serv. 


T. Harrisii, Lec. (now considered by some writers as identical with 
the European 7: depsarium, L.), is a curious-looking beetle of elongate 
form and brownish colour. The antennz are slender, the prothorax 
small in comparison Bate the ee wey hairy and armed on each side 
with a single = ——= 
sharp tooth, in 
front of which 
the lateral mar- 
gins are con- 
vergent. The 
elytra are shin- 
ing, distinctly 
punctured and 
with numerous longitudinal raised lines. I have taken the species under 
pine bark. It varies in length from 1.20 to 1.40 in, 


84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The next sub-family, the Cerambycine, is of great extent, and in 
consequence more difficulty is encountered in arranging the genera. In 
the use of the table considerable care must be exercised by those who are 
unfamiliar with the structure of the Longhorns. This is especially true of 
the first character involved, z.e., the enveloping of the base of the antennz 
by the eyes. In order to obtain a proper appreciation of this structure, 
the antennee should be extended forward from the head: in this position 
it will be seen that in those genera where the “base of the antennee is 
partially enveloped by the eyes ” a line passing from the anterior or inner 
border of the upper lobe of the eye to a corresponding point on the lower 
lobe will pass through the antennal socket, whereas in the other genera 
this line would run behind the socket. Of course none of the genera in 
which the eyes are entire (7. ¢., not emarginate) will belong to the former 
category, though those with emarginate eyes may belong to either. Com- 
parisons of a few specimens ought to make this clear.* The remaining 
characters may be easily verified by careful examination of a few species 
the positions of which are already known to the student, and with these 
as a point of departure he should meet with no greater difficulty than is 
always to be expected in dealing with a group of large size, wherein col- 
our and sculpture are inconstant and secondary sexual characters well 
marked. The following table is submitted for generic discrimination ; a 
short account of the method of using may be useful to some. Suppose 
on taking up our insect, which we have previously ascertained to belong 
to this sub-family, we examine the position of the base of the antennze 
with regard to the eyes, since this is the first point of departure : ascer- 
taining the antennal bases to be partly enveloped, we find ourselves 


referred to the number rz at the end of the line. We now run down_ 


along the numbers at the degézmzng of the lines until we reach 12, which 
shows us where to recommence our analysis, with a scrutiny of the second 
antennal joint. Suppose we find this joint large, we are referred to the 
number 36, under which (on searching out its position at the beginning of 
a line) we are again confronted with a query, this time as to the relative 
proportion of the second joint to the fourth ; if these two joints are about 


*Cases will, however, arise in which this point is in doubt. In such an event the 
choice will rest between the Callidioides and the Cerambycoides. The former have the 
second antennal joint larger (as a rule) than the latter, but I can find no hard and fast 
distinction which will serve the beginner as a sure test. A certain number of properly 
named specimens serving as a guide to tribal and generic facies is almost indispensable 
here, It should be stated that the table is based on the characters developed in the 
‘* Classification,”? but is intended to apply only to the Canadian fauna, 


a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 


equal, our insect belongs to AZicroclytus. The generic sequence followed 
in succeeding pages is the same as that employed in the table and is 
hence slightly different from the Henshaw Check-list. 


TABLE OF GENERA OF SUB-FAMILY CERAMBYCIN. 


Piaesotantcnnes Not enveloped ‘by the eyes. .... 2... 2a 8 pee ve aes wo By 
Beserurantenna: partially enveloped by the eyes .. 0. .a0-. da... 12. 
2. Front cox transverse, not prominent ( Cal/idioides).............3: 
Front coxz conical, prominent (Lepturotdes). .. 2... 60 ee ee ee 37s 

3. Eyes divided, apparently four in number...... seinen Re PCLT ODTILME- 
Eyes not divided, often deeply emarginate. ore eerie ae 


4. Brown species, second antennal joint proportionate larger, often 
half as long as the third and sometimes twice as long as wide. 
Elytral coste usually distinct .......... CE th ae 8 

Variously coloured, often ornate species, seca aneetnal joint pro- 
portionately smaller, often much less than half the length of the 
third and never much Ree than wide. Elytral costee usually 


indistinct. nape sido sty. he ne, tis) he eae ae A ico oe oO 

5. Eyes hairy, Ginidly ¢ sraniiatal) bas vx a: ale) stint ariel aaa Ne tEAM OM ARE 
Eyes not hairy, coarsely arariaied ia. sn apilnan amen stat OMROLCA A ALIS 

6. Elytra with narrow raised white lines, prothorax with very deep 
median groove, thighs strongly clubbed ..........Physocnemum. 
Elytra without distinct raised white lines (traces are sometimes visible 

0 har Ay 91) Ra MBS SE Sen enay fe 

7. Prothorax very Shore strongly ei eacd « on Fike aes. Upper surface 
entirely opaque, lustreless. Biack, prothorax red.. .. Rhopalopus. 
Prothorax not very short, the width not apparently much exceeding 
the length. Upper surface at least moderately shining........ 8. 

8. Thighs more slender ; antennz with the eleventh joint divided in the 
male. Colour above blackish, prothcrax red........ Gonocadlus. 
Thighs strongly clubbed, colour variable..............36..5..049. 

g. Anterior coxe contiguous.. .. . as Sebsparemate teamtL icon, Gary EOE 
Anterior coxe at least moderately distant. . eter ate ee 

to. Palpi unequal, the labial much the borer | : es CPi mivodes 
Palpi about equal. . Pehle SP ea . Callidium. 

tr. Dorsal surface of eiaitibaes witha narrow peas an eerie or 
small lateral callosities . Bi ats . Hylotrupes. 


Dorsal surface of prothorax with ¢ a ‘very broad, smooth, shining median 
space, which bears afew large punctures. Elytra with more or less 
distinct raised lines of a yellowish or whitish colour... .. MZerium, 


14. 


i 


16. 


ry 


18. 


nO: 


20. 


21. 


22. 


2g. 


24. 


25. 


26. 
20. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


. Second joint of antenne large (Cerambycoides)............44..36. 
Second antennal jomt:small fae acne |. cates i. eee eee a 
; Boe eee Er eat on er 
Eyes finely granulated.. saree) eats wile. © win aiding UNCC piecleeltiang gem et 
Front coxal cavities open ‘ibetiadl hee wf ys Brees 
Front coxal cavities closed behind: eal poke species “wath the first 
abdominal segment very long............ 2s 
Scutellum acute, triangular, antennze very long, prothore ait latatal 
spine. . me 5 (SR Beier ai ten a Sayan aid ook Wrath eee 
Scutellum sounded behind. Se eater oh aie e pu iy chyna 
Elytra with elliptical elevated ivory- Wee spots in pairs. .. Eburia. 
Elytra without raised ivory-like spots. 4. . ss. ¥.2 4.5. «eee 
Femora not strongly clubbed, antennz es «' eneso ee aie op eae eee 
Femora strongly clubbed. MI gee Se < 19. 
Large species ; ieeaenorsete epiaterna narrower ‘Geran Rimalaaes 
Moderate-sized species, episterna parallel..............Hlaphidion. 
Antenne bisulcate-externally.. 5. ...0 2.0... 2 + le 2 ome 
Antennze not sulcate nor Wairy.:.....-.. 0... '. 0. 1. » LE CLGAROnoee 
Antennz not sulcate but quite hairy:. 0.) ..0...2. <<). 2k. se Ge memeenee 
Prothorax much narrower at base than at apex.............Phyton. 
Prothorax dilated at middle, but about equal at base and apex.. Obrium. 
Elytra either very short, not covering the abdomen, or rapidly narrow- 
ing behind and broadly dehiscent along the suture........... 22, 
Elytra normal, not abbreviated nor notably dehiscent. .........23. 
Elytra about as long as the prothorax.................Molorchus. 
Elytra about twice as long as the prothorax......... ..Callimoxys. 
Scutellum rounded or (in Cy//ene) broadly Be PE 24. 
Scutellum ‘acutely toangular ).20%. 5. neni Gere ee » Savane ate ae 
Tibial spurs small, thighs Fat and aan oleh Form slen- 
der and cylindrical. Black, elytra and abdomen scarlet.. Ancylocera. 
Tibialspurs large ¢.0.0e% “ap ds aise: oe die Wachee a 
Prothorax opaque, sides with spine or large tubercle ...........26. 
Prothorax shining, sides unarmed .<..).... 0.22 +e sis += «up eueneeepees 
Elytra coarsely punctate, sutural angle produced ..... Purpuricenus. 
Tibiz strongly carinated, form slender. Elytra without narrow cross- 


bands of pubescence, punctuation sparse and coarse. Antenne 
as long () or longer( f) than the body.......... Stenosphenus. 


~~ es 


ee ee ee PT 


28. 


29. 


30. 


31. 


30) 
33° 
34: 
35: 
36. 
37: 


38; 


39: 


oe) 
“I 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Tibi not carinated, form usually stouter. Elytra in most cases 
with lighter coloured angulated cross-bands; antenne usually 


shorter than the body in both sexes. Punctuation fine.. ....28. 
Head comparatively small, front short, oblique ; legs hardly clubbed. 
Intercpxal process-of first\ventral rounded =... 230... 2 29. 
Head large, front long, intercoxal process acute................32. 
Prothorax transversely excavated at sides near the base, prosternum 
perpendicilanat: tips. 5.2 .). 1 ae . Cyllene. 
Prothorax not eras vated: at eats wine are vonides ad Waistricted 
aibase-+ sar Osternlmdechivous. at tipi’... LP auaieety ane. 90 
Antenne filiform. eter: psi ; ase aah 
Antenne cee) popes (Size, fara Seige: sckinare con- 
trasted with black and yellow bands............... Plagionotus. 
Large species, prothorax entirely black, much rounded on the 
Maes age Lilt me : ates . Calloides. 


Smaller, less tabrint AHaTOWe with centval ier Zoot; the re- 
mainder clothed with gray pubescence, sides much less 


POUNGCG iec.isias ao ys 3 Severe eee ee ence sees Arhopalus. 
Elytra plane ; SP odenite ged SPECIES) 9. N S40 eae Meee ene aes 
Elytra gibbous at base ; small ant-iike enegiee cael 2b, SasE Rectan 8 Sire 
Head with a carina of variable form ....... 2s sifu walsa AM PLOLECKUS. 
ELSA WMGE CATIMALEE 5. (22-2 diskesy oleRis fe sedd whe dig ae pe Ee Seem 34. 
Prothorax with transverse dorsal rugz or ridges...... Plagithmysus. 
Prothorax withoutitransverse: ridges... 0... . 2a nines os Clytanthus. 
Elyt:a with a transversely ioe ivory-like band; . .. Huderces. 
Elytra without ivory band.. Secs . aie Mca ares 
Second joint of antennz caval to the fourth .....-Microclytus. 

- Second joint of antenne less than haif as thats as she fourth. . Atimia. 
Elytra short, not eee the -wings.... eo...) eebenWecydalts. 
Elytra normal . ae ae tae mt SOP 


Joints 3 to 5 ee antenne auch Hiecendi: at ates ae inner angle 
sometimes much produced. Large insects, bright blue with an 
orange band across base of wing-covers ............Desmocerus. 

Joints 3 to 5 of antenne normal, usually slender and never produced 
inwardly at tips. een usually tapering to apex, sometimes more 
oT siSreMG (11) 7 ea A CPR a es ee OR 

Spurs of hind tibize Ctmainal’ Sees a : + 40. 


Spurs of hind tibiz not erie but borane at ae pase af a dead 
excavation. Thorax tuberculate or spinose at sides..,.. Zoxotus. 


88 


40. 


ae: 


43. 


44. 


45. 


46. 


47. 


48. 


49. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


First joint of hind tarsi with the usual brush of hair beneath (except 
in certain Acme@ops). Prothorax, with rare exceptions, distinctly 
tuberculate at sides or with eee lateral spine. Head obliquely 
narrowed behind eyes.. fs 7 Pgs 41. 

First joint of hind tarsi without ean Gee cate Peatien ee swith few 
exceptions, broadest at base, sides never spined and rarely tuber- 


culate. Head suddenly constricted behind the eyes.........46. 

. Antenne short, joints 5 to 11 wider. Prothorax with a heavy spine, 
at sides, elytra strongly costate ....... biwie pdia's 0 bl en 
Antenne long or moderate, not anekened elytra never strongly 
costate . salva Sige te diap-a ownage obras) laos sth te betas ee ear 
Eyes jarwe or nnapeente Thorax (except in ae ae monticola) with 
sharp, strong, lateral spine. big, wae afer 


Eyes small, not emarginate, enthoras realaror or rounded on er 45+ 
Eyes coarsely granulated, very prominent; form of body 


parallel. . et wp lenaue + 6 4 0) CCT eme 
Eyes finely pranilated Hai parromed bokentics + a pate ee 
Eyes feebly emarginate. . Sr RRS ie oe eed oF .. Pachyta. 
Eyes more strongly ee Bo Ar Wier tikes : Aathogee 
Mesosternum not protuberant, body: here more or legs pubescent, 

sometimes moderately shining...... iia .. Acmeops. 
Mesosternum protuberant, ee ahaee ‘pela metallie 

green. sens Ne aetieee x ae ee . Gaurotes. 


Head epaentiered an henna? fhe eyes, aie congednentn very short. 
Form extremely slender, hardly tapering behind, prothorax with 
lateral tubercle...:....... PENT Sari 

Head constricted oe eeand aS eyes. Boum variable, usually 
much narrowed behind, prothorax rarely bulging at sides and never 


with distinct, tubercle = .).45 2.0 sros 2) arth, iehelel> eg er 
Last ventral of male aeenig HF bated bles cin we ele) 20) alee 
Last ventral of male mot-excavated, .. 00... sl ee toe ee 4.03 
Antenne without poriferous spaces, size large, sides of elytra deeply 
sinuate. deans FEN Sia ties eae ene oa. + 00s DEUAMETE. 


Antenne rail imapreeaea raterus spaces on sixth and following 
joints. Size moderate, sides of elytra sinuate, form 
very slender . 25. 2); coislqueate <2 wi becey sey a ele nea ne 


Antenne with poriferous spaces...............+.+....+ Lypocerus. 
Antenne without poriferous spaces.....................Leptura. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89 


THE LOST LEDRA AGAIN. 
BY HERBERT OSBORN, AMES, IOWA. 

The interesting note by Prof. Baker on Ledra perdita ( Centruchus 
perdita, A. & S.) deserves notice on account of the mystery which it clears 
up, and it may also be worth while to add some testimony in the way of 
corroborative evidence. 

A few weeks ago (Dec., ’96) I had occasion to review the matter in 
an attempt to locate the serdzta, and, in a critical examination of Amyot 
and Serville’s figure and description, was struck by the resemblance to our 
common MWicrocentrus caryé. On careful comparison, however, with this 
species and with the Centruchus Liebeckii of Goding, I concluded the 
figure and description must apply to the latter. It seemed so strange that 
a connection so obvious, when once seen, should have so long escaped the 
attention of Homopterists that I made a further search in the available 
literature, with the result of finding in a note by Dr. Goding, on “ Fitch’s 
Types of N. A. Membracidz” (Canap. Ent., Vol. XXV.,p. 172), the state- 
ment that “ No. 2152, labelled Ledra perdita and capra, Mels., is Cen- 
truchus Liebeckii, Godg.” There is no comment to indicate that Dr. 
Fitch corrected the family reference from Ledride to Membracidz, but 
considering his familiarity with the Homoptera in general, and the Mem- 
bracide in particular, it is probable that he appreciated the full signifi- 
cance of his specific determination, and it is quite likely that his un- 
published notes would show comments on this reference. 

In any case, we have the testimony of Dr. Fitch in identifying his 
specimen as Ledra perdita and its recognition by Dr. Goding as Centru- 
chus to confirm Prof. Baker’s conclusion. 


OCCURRENCE OF SCHISTOCERCA AMERICANA (Drury) 
AT TORONTO. 


Mr. C. T. Hills recently brought me a specimen of the large, hand- 
some locust, Schistocerca Americana, Drury, which was taken about the 
t2th of October, 1896 (the exact date was not recorded), by Mr. H. 
Parish, while collecting at High Park. Mr, Parish found the insect rest- 
ing on the trunk of atree. The specimen is a female, in perfect’ con- 
dition, measuring 4.75 inches in expanse of wing, and is in every respect 
similar to examples of this species which I have from Tennessee. This 
is only the second time it has been taken in Canada; Mr. J. A. Moffat 
having recorded it from London (Can. Env., XXVIL, p. 52.). 


KE. M. WaLKErR, Toronto, 
\ 


90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


NEW COCCID4 FOUND ASSOCIATED. WITH ANTS. 
BY GEORGE B. KING AND T. D. A. COCKERELL. 


[The species described below were all collected by Mr. King. The 
notes on the microscopical characters were prepared by Mr. King, but 
have been extended and rewritten from Mr. King’s mounts by Mr. 
Cockerell, who is also responsible for the comparisons with allied species. 
The notes on the living insects, habitat, etc., are all by Mr. King. ] 

Lecanopsis lineolata, Nn. sp. 

2 (cleared and mounted).—Oval, length somewhat over 2mm., dermis. 
practically colourless, legs and mouth-parts tinged with sepia, anal plates 
a warm yellowish-brown, quite a different colour from the legs. The 
mouth-parts inclined rather to a madder-brown. Legs and antenne 
small, hind legs not nearly reaching the anal plates, tip of femur of middle 
legs reaching extreme base of hind legs. Posterior cleft wide. Antennz 
fairly stout, gradually decreasing in size distad, 8-jointed: 3 longest, not 
quite twice as long as broad; 2 and 4 next, and about equal; 5 and 1 of 
about equal length, but r much broader than long, 5 longer than broad ; 
then the last three subequal, but 8 the longer. Formula 3 (24) (15) 8 
(76): 8 with several small hairs. Anterior tibia and tarsus as long as 
antennal joints 2 to 6, the tarsus about half as long as tibia ; femur very 
stout, not as long as tibia on its inner side, but a little longer on its outer; 
trochanter and coxa both very large. The legs are altogether noticeable 
for their stoutness, but the basal parts are especially enlarged. Claw 
large, moderately curved, digitules of claw stout, extending beyond its tip; 
tarsal digitules filiform, all but two broken off in the specimen. The claw- 
digitules are enlarged at ends to an obliquely truncate club, but the tarsal 
digitules with only an excessively minute club. There is the usual long 
bristle at the tip of the trochanter, and a short erect hair a little way 
up the femur on the inner side. Anal plates rather broad, the caudolaterai 
side a little longer than the cephalolateral ; a large bristle near the tip and 
another at the extreme base; these bristles are very large, and may 
possibly be dermal, beneath the plates ; especially as there is a corre- 
sponding pair on the skin laterad of the plates, that opposite the hindmost 
bristle being considerably shorter than it. Hairs of anal ring broken, but 
apparently they were stout and not numerous. Skin without any distinct 
markings ; marginal spines fairly large, pointed, simple, easily deciduous, 
a very little further apart than the length of one. Stigmatal spines in 
threes, one long, two much shorter but not very short. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 


Hab.—With Cremastogaster lineolata, two specimens in a nest at 
Lawrence, Mass., July 15th, 1894. 

This is not a strictly typical Zecanopsis, but belongs apparently in the 
subgenus or genus Spermococcus of Giard. By its 8-jointed antenne it 
resembles Z. formicarum, Newstead, but it differs at once from that by 
the smaller (though still large) first antennal joint, the longer second joint, 
the much longer third joint, the femur decidedly stouter, the tibia not 
beset with numerous bristles, and the claw-digitules stout. Lecanopsis 
is simply a segregate from Zecanium, modified for underground existence. 
Maskell’s Zecanopsis filicum hardly belongs here ; in some respects, but 
not in others, it seems to approach A/yxolecanium ; it also recalls in some 
of its characters such forms as ZLecanium Urichi. 


Phenacoccus american@, n. sp. 

?.—When alive fusco-testaceous, smooth, soft, sticky, and free from 
any wax or down; when put into alcohol its colour changes to a rufous- 
violaceous, and it becomes quite wrinkled, its general form is rounded, 
with a slice of nearly one-fourth cut off, making its under surface flat. 
Length (in alcohol) 314 mm., width 3 mm. 

? (cleared and mounted).—Oval, brown of a rather warm sepia 
tint, antennz and legs very pale yellowish. The legs are slender, and 
although the insect is much larger, its legs are not so large as those of 
some of the ant’s-nest species of ARzpersia; but at the same time they are 
well-formed and ordinary, not shortened or swollen as in the Lecanopsis. 
Trochanter with one long and at least two short bristles. Femur little 
longer than tibia, its inner margin straight, with four or five erect bristles; 
its outer margin very gently arched or bent, with a conspicuous erect 
bristle at the bend. Tibia slender, with eleven conspicuous bristles, 
tending to form three whorls. Tarsus rather over two-thirds length of 
tibia, with similar but finer bristles, no nobbed tarsal digitules. Claw 
large, little curved, with a minute denticle on inner side near the tip ; 
digitules of claw extending beyond its tip, slender, with hardly noticeable 
knobs. Antenne slender, club not conspicuously swollen, formula 9 
(123) (45678), or it might be written as well 9132 (87) (456), but the 
additional differences indicated by the latter formula are almost too slight 
to be accurately measured by the eye: 9g is very nearly as long as 7 +8; 
1 is cylindrical, its base not noticeably wider than the apex. The 
joints have sparse whorls of hairs, 9 having two such whorls. Eyes 
prominent. Mouth-parts small, mentum (so-called) very obscurely or not 


99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


= — —E 


dimerous, broad and short, its apical half with three whorls of erect 
bristles. Skin with sparse small round gland-spots. 


Hab.—Andover, Mass., Oct. 27th, 1896, under a stone in the nest of 
Lasius americanus, Emery. A small colony of five individuals captured, 
and only one herd as yet found; they were not feeding on any roots 
entering the nest of the ants, but were altogether on the surface of the 
nest, and some of the ants were attending them. It is to be presumed 
that they would eventually produce cottony matter. 


Both by colour and habits this differs at once from P. aceris, Sign., 
which has been recorded from Massachusetts, and there is no species with 
which it is likely to be confounded. 


Ripersia Blanchardit, n. sp. 


@.—Dark reddish-purple, segments prominent, much broader in 
front, pointed behind, subglobular or subelliptical, convex, antennz short 
and thick. Length, 2mm.; breadth, 1% mm. 


2 (cleared and mounted).—Skin quite thickly beset with round 
gland-spots, and also minutely hairy, the minute but abundant pubescence 
being a striking characteristic of the species. So abundant are the hairs 
in the vicinity of the anal ring that it is impossible to be sure how many 
really belong to the latter, though there seem to be six, the usual number. 
The legs, antennze and mouth-parts are tinged with ochreous, and are large 
for the size of the insect; particularly the mouth-parts, which have at 
least twice the diameter, and many times the bulk, of those of the larger 
species Phenacoccus americane. ‘The mouth-parts are also much broader 
in proportion to their length than in P. ameritcane, and the rostral fila- 
ments are quite stout. The antennee are stout, 6-jointed, just about as 
long as in P. americana, but very much stouter and quite different in 
appearance. The formula is (36) 21 (45), but if anything, 3 is a little 
longer than 6; 3 about twice as long as broad; 4 and 5 broader at apex than 
at base, so that the sutures between 3 and 4, 4 and 5, and 5 and 6, are 
very deep, the last two approaching a right angle. The whorls of hairs 
are very sparse. ‘The legs are also peculiar; fully a third longer than in 
P. americane, and very stout, with large coxe and trochanters, they are 
tolerably thickly beset with small hairs. The tarsus is somewhat over 
two-thirds the length of the tibia, and tapers quite rapidly froma broad 
oblique base, it shows a slight tendency to be jointed a little before the 


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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9) 


end. Claw large, moderately bent, on one leg minutely notched at the 
end. Digitules wanting ; there is a small bristle in the place of the claw- 
digitule. 

Hab.—Haverhill, Mass., Oct. 4th, 1896, in a nest of Lastus claviger, 
Rog., under a stone with a small herd of another species ; only one found, 
not feeding. Named after Mr. Blanchard, who has interested himself in 
the Coleoptera associated with ants in the same region. 

Of the Massachusetts species, this most resembles &. Zaszz, particu- 
larly in the antenne, but it differs widely in its colour, hairiness and stout 
legs. Still less does it seem to resemble any of the foreign species. 

Reviewing the above three species, it seems that the Lecanopsis is 
most modified for an underground life, the Rzpersza somewhat, but the 
Phenacoccus hardly or notat afl. Itis probable that the last will be found 
in summer on some plant above ground. 


ARGYNNIS IDALIA IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 


On February 1st I happened to spend a few hours in St. John, N. B., 
and through the kindness of Mr. Herbert E. Goold, of Sussex, N. B., and 
Mr. A. Morissey, cf St. John, I was enabled to visit the very interesting 
museum of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. In looking 
over the cases of insects I noticed two fine specimens of Argynnis idalia, 
which Mr. Goold told me were taken by himself or his father at St. John. 
I could not remember at the time any record of A. zda/ia having been 
taken in New Brunswick, so asked Mr. Goold to enquire from his father 
if he remembered anything of the capture. He has since written to me: 
“In re Argynuis idalia—On my return home from St. John I asked my 
father about the specimens. He remembered the circumstances of their 
being caught distinctly, as he was perfectly familiar with the insect, having 
been one of the most active members of the entomological branch of the 
Natural History Society of Portland, Maine. In 1880 quite a number of 
specimens of A. zda/ia appeared in the vicinity of St. John, and the 
specimens you saw were taken at that time.” It is to be deeply regretted 
that at the present time very few members of the strong local Natural 
History Society at St. John are studying entomology. ‘The locality is one 
of extreme interest scientifically, and very much requires working up. 

J. FLETCHER, Ottawa. 

[In the C. E. for March, 1896, Vol. XXVIIL., p. 74, the capture of 
a specimen of A. zda/ia at Windsor, Ont., is recorded.—Ep. C. E.] 


94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ON REARING DRAGONFLIES. 


BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, ITHACA, N. Y. 


Field work in Entomology is full of delightful opportunities, and 
none, just at present, is more inviting, none more certain to repay well 
even a little effort, none more sure to yield discoveries of scientific value, 
than work upon the life-histories of Dragonflies. 

Of the species occurring throughout the central tier of States, a 
majority perhaps has now been bred; but of the Canadian, far western 
and southern species the known nymphs are few and far between. 

The nymphs (fig. 15), which are ail aquatic, 
have an interesting distribution in depth. Those 
of Agrionidae and of most Aeschninae cling to 
floating or submerged vegetation. These at least 
every aquatic collector has seen. Those of Libe/- 
lulidae sprawl upon the bottom amid fallen trash. 
Those of Gomphinae burrow shallowly along be- 
neath the film of sediment that lies on the bottom, 
with the end of the abdomen turned up for respira- 


tion. 
It is very easy to collect them, especially in 


spring. A garden rake with which to draw ashore 
the stuff to which they cling and a pail of water 
in which to carry them home is all the apparatus 
Fie. 1g)-2Arscuvin neuen. Gesitable at (that, season. Later, when a new 

growth of weeds is rooted fast to the bottom, 
the rake will have to be exchanged for a water-net. Withdrawn from the 
water, the nymphs render themselves evident by their active efforts to get 
back, and need only to be picked up. The number of species one will 
find will generally depend on the variety of aquatic situations from which 
he collects. The places apt to yield the best collecting are small perma- 
nent pools, shallow inlets in the shores of lakes, and the places where the 
trash falls in the eddies of streams. 

They are quite as easily reared. I have found common wooden kits 
and pails half filled with water, with screen or netting covers, entirely 
satisfactory. A number of nymphs, if near one size, may safely be kept 
together (excepting only a few notoriously cannibalistic Aeschninas: «. g., 
Anax junius), andif not grown may be fed upon such small insects as a 
net will gather in any pond. A good square meal once a week will keep 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95 


them thriving. The water should be reasonably clean. Three things 
should be carefully observed. (1) There must be a surface up which 
they can climb to transform: if the sides of the kit are too smooth put 
in some sticks; (2) there must be room enough between the netting 
cover and the water for complete expansion of their wings ; (3) they 
must remain out of doors where the sunshine will reach them. This last 
point especially is essential to success. But there is still an easier way to 
do it, and one which, when a species is very common, will prove entirely 
satisfactory. The several nymphal stages (excepting the youngest, not 
likely to be collected) are very much alike. I am in the habit of preserv- 
ing the younger nymphs and putting into my kits only those well grown, 
as shown by the length of the wing-cases, which should reach the middle 
of the abdomen. But if, when a species is becoming common, one will 
go to the edge of the water it frequents, at the time of its emergence, one 
may find nymphs crawling from the water, others transforming, imagoes 
drying their wings, and others ready to fly, and may thus obtain in a few 
minutes the material necessary for determining nymph and imago. The 
time of emergence may be determined by noticing at what time pale 
young imagoes are seen taking their first flight, and then going out a little 
earlier. The unfortunate thing about it is that many of the larger species 
transform very early in the morning, and to take such advantage of them 
one must be on the ground between daybreak and sunrise. 


Several imagoes should be kept alive until they have assumed their 
mature colours. It is most important that each imago and its cast skin 
should be kept together. 


Eggs, also, are easily obtained. Every collector has seen the female 
of the species figured on the front of this magazine, or of related species, 
dipping the tip of her abdomen into the surface of the water, depositing 
eggs. If the ovipositing female be captured, held by the fore wings, 
leaving the hind wings free, and “ dipped” by hand to the surface of 
clean water in a vial or a tumbler, an abundance of eggs will usually be 
liberated. Eggs of those species which possess an ovipositor and which 
place them within the tissues of plants may be obtained by collecting 
the stems in which they have been inserted. 


Eggs and nymphs should be dropped in boiling water for a minute 
and then preserved in alcohol. Imagoes, if mounted, should have a 
wire or bristle inserted into the body its entire length to prevent otherwise 


96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


certain breakage, or if placed unmounted in envelopes, these should 
be of soft paper, loosely packed, so that the eyes will not be crushed. 

In my own field work upon Dragonflies I try to cover for each 
species the points of the following outline : 


I, Imago. 


(1) Name ; locality ; date ; occurrence ; etc. 

(2) Haunts: places frequented; places avoided; the reasons, if 
discoverable. 

(3) Flight: its hours; its duration ; its directness ; average altitude ; 
places of rest: altitudes. 

(4) Food: its kind ; how obtained ; where eaten. 

(5) Enemies: what are they, and how do they destroy Dragonflies ? 

(6) Oviposition: does the 2 oviposit alone or attended by the 7. 

(7) The eggs: where placed ; number in a place ; incubation period. 


II. The Nymph. 


Points 1, 2, 4 and 5 of above, and Imagination: hours; places ; 
distance from water ; etc. 

I shall have to admit at once that it is very difficult to determine all 
these points for a single species, but the effort will lead on into delightful 
intimacy with these beautiful insects. 

At the kind invitation of the editors, I venture to say to the readers 
of this magazine that I am now engaged upon a semi-popular monograph 
of N. American Dragonflies, which, in so far as it includes accounts of 
habits and life-histories of the species, must of necessity be a co-operative 
work. And I have written this to invite co-operation. The foregoing 
simple methods are the very best. I will furnish (if desired) half a dozen 
named nymphs of typical genera to any one who will undertake to collect 
and rear others. I shall be very willing to determine nymphs or imagoes 
for any one, and to point out for description such as are new. But I 
especially desire that accurate field observations and notes be made on 
many of our species of which we now know only the names, and to such 
observers I will give all possible aid. 


THe ANNUAL Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 
1896 is now in type and will soon be ready for distribution. 


Mailed April Ist, 1897. 


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CAN. ENT., VOL. XxIx, PLATE 4. 


8 12 16 


GENITALIA OF CALLIMORPHA, 


The Canadian Hntomalogist 


LONDON, MAY, 1897. No. 5. 


VoL. XXIX. 


CALLIMORPHA AGAIN. 


Larva of Haploa fulvicosta and notes on the male genitalia. 


BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., NEWYORK. 


The difficulty of defining species in this genus is increased by the 
constancy of the local forms or races. I have elsewhere referred (ut. 
News, VII., 218) to the race of /w/vicosta which Mr. O. D. Foulks has 
discovered at Stockton, Md. Mr. Foulks was so kind as to send me 
over 100 hibernated larve, from which I bred a long series of moths. 
The type form is large, the size of reversa and co/ona, both wings imma- 
culate yellowish-white, head, collar and the tips of the abdominal rings 
ochre: yellow. 

In var. A the fore wings are nearly pure white, the hind wings much 
yellower, suggesting conscita, though never so dark as that form. 

In var. & the ground of fore wings is white, marked faintly with 
ochreous bands in which the full pattern of co/ona can be traced; the 
costa is narrowly brown-black ; the hind wings are pale ochreous. This 
looks like a washed-out co/ona, related to it in the same way as var. A. is 
to conscita. 

Var. C is only slightly yellowish on both wings, the hind wings 
scarcely at all darker ; fore wings marked with various streaks and spots 
of brown-black, especially along the costa and margins, all more or less 
distinctly connected by ochreous shades, in which the full pattern of 
reversa can be read. This is a washed-out reversa, stained with the 
creamy yellow so characteristic of the Maryland race. 

All these forms insensibly intergrade. I believe that this is prac- 
tically the extent of variation in this Maryland race. There are no 
specimens that are true col/ona, conscita or reversa, but these forms are all 
strongly suggested. The view naturally presents itself that these names 
apply to local races rather than to distinct species. In his work on 
Callimorpha (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1887, p. 338) Prof. J. B. Smith 
describes the genitalia of colona, Lecontei, contigua, reversa and vestadis. 
The differences shown are at best slight, and Prof. Smith assumes the 


98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


forms which he figures to be constant. In fact, they are not so. I have 
drawn the right side pieces of four males of the Maryland race of 
fulvicosta. They are shown in figures 1 to 4, viewed from within x 50, 
the dorsal angles down. These are not specimens selected for their 
variation, but are all that were mounted. The only selection applied 
was in taking the poorest specimens for dissection. Fig. 1 shows the 
upper angle produced and rounded, the lower angle much more pro- 
duced ; fig. 2 shows the lower angle not produced, but simply rounded ; 
fig. 3 both angles produced, the upper the most so; fig. 4 both angles 
produced, but the lobes of quite different shapes. There is as much 
variation in these specimens of /w/vicosta as in all of Prof. Smith’s 
“species,” and I am of the opinion that the genitalia are valueless as a 
means of specific distinction in Haploa. However, I add drawings of 
most of the other forms and also reproduce Prof. Smith’s figures. 

It is possible that the larve, when fully known, will be of more help, 
yet this is doubtful, as they seem to possess all the same habits and 
hence are not markedly different in their colours. Very full descriptions 
are needed, especially of the mature larva, to test these points. The 
following observations were made on the larvae sent by Mr. Foulks and 
on the young ones bred out of the eggs from the moths. 

Normal number of stages six; hibernation in the fourth or fifth. 
The young larve that were selected for observation passed two inter- 
polated stages between the normal II. and III. and died before reaching 
stage IV. 

Egg.—Of the shape of two-thirds of a sphere, scarcely conoidal, 
the base flat; smooth, shining, rather dark yellow; diameter .6 mm. 
Reticulations obscure, visible in a strong reflected light, very narrow, 
linear, irregularly hexagonal, the cell areas flat, uniform, no shadows. 

Stage 7—Head high, bilobed, the lobes blackish brown, clypeus 
pale, mouth brown ; width .3 mm. Body pale yellowish, tubercles dusky 
pearly ; hair short, stiff, white. Sete single, normal, no subprimaries ; 
feet pale. The larva grow considerably, becoming long and slender, the 
tubercles surrounded narrowly by brown. 

Stage ZI.— Head black, shining, clypeus whitish, jaws brown ; 


width .4g mm. Body whitish, warts rather small and with the shields 
deep shining black ; hairs not numerous, but forming true warts, short, 
bristly, black. A wide space between tubercles i. suggests a dorsal band 
Warts each narrowly edged with brown, most distinctly subdorsally, no 
connected marks, Subventral hairs pale. 


HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 


Stage ///. (interpolated)—Head shining black, clypeus and mouth 
brown ; width .55 mm. Warts large, black, hairs short, bristly, black 
and white. Body elongated, broadly whitish between warts u., fading to 
smoky black in the region of wart iii; below this another pale band, 
marked with yellow, transversely annulated streaks behind wart iv., two 
on each segment ; subventral region shaded with brown. Leg _ plates 
black. Later the appearance is more as in the next stage, though the 
bands are not really defined. 

Stage ZV. (interpolated) — Head black; width .65 mm. Body 
black, a broad diffuse dorsal gray line, joining a narrower subdorsal one. 
Region of warts ili. and iv. yellow spotted, joining a substigmatal gray 
band and subventral gray marks. Warts black ; hair short. 

Stage V. (normal III.)—Black ; head .75 mm. Pale whitish dorsal, 
subdorsal and substigmatal lines, the subdorsal faintest; bright yeliow 
superstigmatal line, not perceptibly joined to the substigmatal one. 
Warts black. 

Normal Stage V. (from Mr. Foulks; after hibernation) — Head shin- 
ing black ; width 1.7 mm. Body black ; dorsal line broad, subdorsal 
faint, stigmatal broad, substigmatal fainter, yellow, traces of a line subven- 
trally, all more or less white spotted. Essentially as in the next stage. 


Stage V7.—Head and warts shining black, the latter bluish ; width 
2.7 mm. Body deep black, the dorsal line broad, straight, narrowly 
broken in the incisures and centre of the segments, yellow, darker yellow 
or red in the centre of each segment, faint on joint 2. Traces of a sub- 
dorsal band, broken by wart it., whitish, mottled. Lateral band broad, 
indented by warts ii. and iv., broken into three or four spots on each 
segment by transverse black lines, yellow, irregularly stained with darker 
yellow, connected inferiorly by mottlings and dots with a narrow sub- 
stigmatal line which is yellow, mottled, broken and runs between warts 
iv. and v. Traces of a subventral line between warts v. and vi. on the 
base of each leg. Leg plates black. Venter broadly pale gray, blackish 
dotted. Hair very short, inconspicuous, black or black and white, stiff, 
pointed, not barbuled. In some individuals the subdorsal whitish dots 
are absent, and in some the dorsal band is distinctly marked with red ; 
otherwise there is very little variation. Corresponds well with Saunders’s 
description of reversa (CAN. Env, I., 20), and also with Riley’s of /advi- 
costa (Third Report Ins. Mo., 134). The forms co/ona and conscita have 
not been bred. 


100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Explanation of Plate iv. 


Figs. 1 to 4.— Side pieces of male genitalia of Haploa fulvicosta seen 
from within ; four examples, specimens from Maryland, 

Fig. 5.—The same, 1% c/ymene, specimen from Kansas. 

Fig. 6.—The same,  reversa, specimen from Texas. 

Fig. 7.—The same, /Z. colona, specimen from Texas. 

Fig. 8.—Copied from Smith’s figure of HZ. co/ona. 

Fig. 9.—Side piece of male 77 /econte?, var.militaris, specimen from Iowa. 

Fig. 10.—Copied from Smith’s figure of sz/étaris. 

Fig. 11.—Side piece of H. vesta/is, specimen from Iowa. 

Fig. 12.—Copied from Smith’s figure of vesta/zs. 

Fig. 13.—Side piece of HZ. confusa, specimen from Northern New York. 

Fig. 14.—Copied from Smith’s figure labelled con/fusa on the plate, but 
described as veversa in the text. 

Fig. 15.—Side piece of H contigua, specimen from New York. 

Fig. 16.—Copied from Smith’s figure of contzgua. 


SOME ANTS AND MYRMECOPHILOUS INSECTS FROM 
TOREGNTO;: 
BY GEO, B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. 


During the summer of 1896 I received specimens of ants collected 
by Mr. R. J. Crew, of Toronto, in exchange for such Coleoptera as I 
could find for him in my locality. He writes me that he noticed no 
insects with the ants other than the Coleoptera and some aphids in a 
nest of ants, but did not capture any. 


I have found, however, upon looking them over, they contain several 
very interesting species of various orders: some truly myrmecophilous, 
some occasional, while others were brought into the nests by the ants, 
to be used by them for food ; this will apply to a number of Hemiptera 
collected by Formica subsericea, Say. . 


It may appear to some who are collecting ants’-nests Coleoptera 
only that the finding of Agonoderus pallipes, Kabr., and Otiorhynchus 
oratus, 1.., is merely occasional. The position in which these Coleoptera 
are found with the ants here in Massachusetts, and the frequently finding 
them with various species of ants, lead me to believe that they are more 
than incidental or casual visitors. 


I am not familiar with the scattered literature treating upon the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101 


Formicidz found in Canada. I will give, however, all that I know of, 
taken from Dr. Dalla Torre’s Catalogue of Hymenoptera, Vol. vii., 1891 : 

Stigmatomma binodosum, Prov. 

Pogonomyrmex badius, Latr. 

Leptothorax Canadensis, Prov. 

Dolichoderus borealis, Prov. 

Dolichoderus obliteratus, Scudd. 

Formica arcana, Scudd. 

Mr. Crew has not as yet found any of the above species at Toronto. 
The following is a list of those found by him : 


. Tribe CAMPONOTID&. 
Camponotus ligniperdus, Latr., var. pictus, For. 
e herculaneus, L., sub-sp. pennsylvanicus, Deg. 
me marginatus, Latr., var. nearcticus, Em. 


Formica rufa, L., sub-sp. integra, Ny]. 
*  exsectoides, For. 
“«  pallide-fulva, Latr., sub-sp. Schaufussii, Mayr. 
««  pallide-fulva, Latr., sub-sp. nitidiventris, Em. 
“« _ fusca, L., var. subsericea, Say. 
** ~~ Jasioides, Em., var. picea, Em. 
Lasius niger, L., var. americanus, Em. 
“* niger, L., var. neoniger, Em. 
** flavus, De G., sub-sp. myopes, For. 
“ claviger, Rog. 
Tribe DOLICHODERIDA. 
Tapinoma sessile, Say. 
Dolichoderus plagiatus, Mayr. 
# Taschenbergi, Mayr. 


Tribe PONERID&. 


Ponera coarctata, Latr., sub-sp. pennsylvanica, Buckl. 


Tribe DoryLip&. 
Solenopsis molesta, Say. 


Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl., var. sobuleta, Meinest. 

He scabrinodis, Nyl., var. Schencki, Em. 
Cremastogaster lineolata, Say. 

The following are the miscellaneous insects found with Mr. Crew’s 
collection of ants sent me. 


102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Coleoptera. 


CARABID&. 
Stenolophus conjunctus, Lec.—With Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl., var. 
Schencki, Em. 
Agonoderus pallipes, Fabr. — With Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl., var. 
Schencki, Em. 
OTIORHYNCHID. 
Otiorhynchus ovatus, L.—With Formica fusca, L., var, subsericea, Say. 
I have found this species in Massachusetts with : 
Formica fusca, L., var. subsericea, Say ; 
Aphaenogaster fulva, Rog.; and 
Lasius americanus, Em. 
STAPHYLINID&. 
Scopeus exiguus, Er.—With Formica fusca, L., var. subsericea, Say. 
Aleocharini g. et sp.—With Solenopsis molesta, Say. 


PSELAPHID#. 
Ctenistes piceus, Lec. 

SCYDMANID&. 
Scydmenus bicolor, Lec. 


These two last species were collected by Mr. Crew in company with 
ants ; but he did not at the time of capture deem it important to 
save any, SO we cannot give the names of the ants. C. piceus was 
found March 23, 1895, and S. bicolor, Dec. 4, 1895. 
Hymenoptera. 
PROCTOTRYPID&. 

Proctotrypes californicus, Holmgr.—With Formica fusca, L., var. subseri- 
cea, Say. This, with a few other species of my own finding, are in 
the collection of the National Museum at Washington, by request 
of Prof. Howard. 


ANDRENID&. 
? Halictus confusus, Smith.—With Formica fusca, L., var. subsericea, 
Say. 
CyNIPID&. 


9 Figitodes 5-lineatus, Say.—With Tapinoma sessile, Say. 
I have found Aphaenogaster fulva, Rog.; Lasius flavus, L., and 
Lasius americanus, Em., to collect oak galls late in the fall. Two 
individuals came out of one lot of galls collected by L. flavus, L., 
in about two weeks after I collected them, and have been determined 
by Mr. Ashmead as Periclistus piratus, O.S. The ants lap the galls. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 


Diptera. 
STRATIOMYD&. 
Nemotelus globus, Low.—With Tapinoma sessile, Say. 
MUSCID&. 
Ochthiophola polystigma, Meigen.—With Tapinoma sessile, Say. 


Flemiptera. 
CICADID&. 
Nymph of ‘Tettigonia, sp. — With Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl., var. 
Schencki, Em. 
NABID&. 
Larva of Coriscus, probably ferus.— With Formica fusca, L., var. 
subsericea, Say. 
LYGHIDA, 
Nysius thyus, Wolff—With Formica fusca, L., var. subsericea, Say. 
| CAPSID&. 
Miris affinis.—With Formica fusca, L., var. subsericea, Say. 
‘THRIPIDA. 
A handsome species of Thrips. With Camponotus nearcticus, Em. 


ARANEINA. 


Furolithus, sp.— With Tapinoma sessile, Say. 

Quite a large quantity of a yellow seed unknown to me came ina 
mixed lot of ants in one vial. Mr. Crew states that he does not 
remember mixing any of the species found, but put each colony into 
separate vials. The following are the species from one vial, that con- 
tained the seeds : 

Formica pallide-fulva, Latr., sub-sp. nitidiventris, Em. 

Formica fusca, L., var. subsericea, Say. 

Formica lasioides, Em., var. picea, Em. 

Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl]., var. Schencki, Em. 

, The last species seemed to predominate greatly in numbers. So far 
as I know, this is the first time that any of the species here mentioned 
have been listed as being found in company with ants. In the determi- 
nation of these insects I have received valuable assistance from Prof. 
Herbert Osborn, Prof. L. O. Howard, Mr. Ashmead, Mr. Coquillett, and 
Mr. Blanchard ; and not only for these, but for many others not yet pub- 
lished that I have found to inhabit ants’ nests in Massachusetts, 


104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 


We have great pleasure in announcing that a branch of our Society 
has recently been formed in the City of Quebec, with the following officers : 
President—Rev. T. W. Fyles, F. L. S., Professor of Biology in Morrin 

College. 
Vice-President—Miss Macdonald, Principal of the Girls’ High School. 
Secretary-Treasurer—Col. Crawford Lindsay. 
Council—Messrs. D. H. Greggie, Richard Turner, J. E. Treffry, Miss 
Bickell, Miss Winfield. 

With such an enthusiastic and experienced entomologist as the 
President, and such an able corps of officers, the Branch will no doubt do 
excellent work, and serve to unite together all those interested in this 
department of natural science in the neighbourhood of Quebec. We trust 
that the new Branch may have a long and useful career. 


The Toronto Branch of the Society held its first annual meeting on 
Friday, April 2nd, in its room, 451 Parliament street. The election of 
officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows : 

President—Mr. E. V. Rippon. 
Vice-President—Mr. R. J. Crew. 
Secretary-Treasurer—Mr. Arthur Gibson. 
Librarian-Curator—Mr. T. G. Priddey. 
Council—Messrs. C. T. Hill and C. H. Tyris. 

The reports of the Secretary-Treasurer and the Librarian-Curator for 
the past year were read and adopted. They stated that twenty-four 
regular meetings had been held, at which papers relating to the study of. 
insects were contributed by the members. The number of volumes in 
the library, including bulletins, pamphlets, etc., is 98, all relating to 
entomology, and all gifts to the Society. A fair collection of insects has 
already been formed through the kindness of members in presenting 
specimens, and will no doubt be largely increased during the coming 
season. The finances of the Society were shown by the Treasurer’s 
report to be in a satisfactory condition. , 

The President, in his address, congratulated the members on the good 
work done during the year, and on the success which had attended the 
Society’s operations. He hoped that during the coming season each 
member would take a special interest in some particular species of insect, 
and would endeavour to work out its life history ; he also trusted that 
much attention would be paid to the study of those species which are 
beneficial or injurious to mankind. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
XXIII. THe CERAMBYCID@ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.—( Continued. } 
TETROPIUM, Kirby. 

This genus is easily recognized among its neighbours by the fact 
that the eyes are divided by a deep emargination into an upper and a 
lower portion, these parts being connected only by a narrow band from 
which the granulations or lenses have been lost. The Canadian 7; 
cinnamopterum, Kirby, is brown, the wing-covers often much lighter than 
the head and thorax; the entire body is pubescent. Length .50—70 
inch. The head and thorax are slightly shining, distinctly punctured, the 
punctures regular, usually close but distinctly separated. Elytra opaque 
or extremely feebly shining. Sculpture much finer than that of the pro- 
thorax. The sexes differ especially in the somewhat shorter antennz 
and the broader and more strongly rounded prothorax of the female. 
The species occurs on or under bark of pine logs. 

AsEMuUM, Esch. 


Two species are recorded from Canada. They are stout brown 
insects with short antennz (from about one-third to one-half the length of 
the body), elytra sometimes yellowish. The thorax is about as broad, in 
its widest part, as the base of the elytra; the punctuation coarse and close 
on the pronotum, much finer on the wing-covers. The prin- 
cipal differences separating the two forms must be looked for 
in the prothorax, which is rounded on the sides in mastum, 
Hald., and distinctly angulated near the base in atrum, Esch. 
The distinctness of the elytral coste seems an evanescent 
character, since certain specimens of the former species 
approach the latter very closely in that respect. In length 
A. mestum (fig. 16) ranges from .45 to .60 inch, while speci- — ‘F's. +6. 
mens of atrum are known which slightly exceed the greater measure- 
ment and others which scarcely reach the lesser. In the larval stage 4. 
mestum is known to infest pine and spruce, and the beetles may be found 


on lumber piles. 
CRIOCEPHALUS, Muls. 
Contains larger species than the preceding genus, with coarsely 
granulated eyes which are not hairy. The prothorax is variably 
sculptured, sometimes roughened and with deep impressions on the disk. 


106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Two are recorded from our region. They are both rather elongate 
brown insects and separate thus: 
Thoracic impressions deep, elytra finely punctured, third joint of 
hind tarsi two-thirds longer than wide, emarginate for about one- 
half its length. Sides of prothorax rounded, somewhat roughened. 
2Q0=121 GO AN s we cues ae Le S agrestis, Kirby. 
Thoracic impressions fainter, Ey ta sane See third joint 
of hind tarsi about as long as wide, cleft nearly to the base. 
Prothorax very ne punctured, sides rounded, hardly roughened. 
.94 in. uate eae ..obsoletus, Rand. 
These insects are foun abont ata ariel in she northern and 
mountain regions of North America. C. agrestis is known to depredate 
on pine and spruce. 
PHYSOCNEMUM, Hald. 


P. brevilineum, Say, is .50-.75 inch long, black, somewhat shining, 
elytra sometimes bluish or with a faint reddish tinge along the suture. 
The upper surface is uneven, the prothorax with deep median longi- 
tudinal impression which is convex at bottom and limited on each side 
by an elevation, which is smoother than the external thoracic margin. 
Elytra distinctly closely punctured and ornamented with a few narrow, 
short, raised white lines; the median region on each wing-cover is 
depressed and limited exteriorly by a smoother linear area, which 
extends from the humerus towards the apex. Thighs suddenly and 
strongly dilated near their tips. Hind legs very long. The larva is 
known as an elm borer. 

RHOPALOPUS, Muls. 


An easily recognized species, . sanguinicollis, Horn, belongs here. 
It has been found on cherry trees, Length .62-.75 inch, colour black 
opaque, surface granulate ; prothorax red, tips of elytra sometimes 


brownish. The thighs are less suddenly clavate than in Physocnemum, ~ 


and the tibize are stouter. The extreme shortness of the prothorax will 
separate it easily from most of its neighbours. 


GONOCALLUS, Lec. 


Differs from the adjoining genera by the slender thighs. G. cod/aris, 
Kirby, is black, shining, elytra sometimes with metallic lustre or clouded 
with fuscous, the prothorax red, legs sometimes reddish. The upper 
surface is punctate, the antennz very slender, Length .35-.47 inch. 


eS ee CO 


——— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107 


PuHyMAtopeEs, Muls. 


Contains a number of species, all of rather small size and usually 
bright colour. The prothorax is rounded, usually sparsely punctured and 
shining. Elytral punctuation distinct, often rather coarse, surface usually 
shining. The following arrangement of species is taken from Mr. Leng’s 
synopsis : 

A. Elytra without narrow cross-bands. 


b. Thorax dark, elytra of lighter shade before the middle. 
»35—.50 In. ye “an Sins) oie. Kile ole « PUMLOUAPES, (INDY, 
bb. Thana baad ait road Black ake. .25 in..maculicollis, Lec. 


bbb. Thorax yellowish ; surface metallic. 
c, Larger species, .50-.52 in., elytra and legs yellow, more or 
less marked with blue............... variabiits, Linn, 
cc. Smaller species. 
Elytra blue, antenne dark. .20-.32 in....amenus, Say. 
Elytra piceous, thorax with more or less distinct dark 
lateral blotches. .34-.36 in........ thoracicus, Muls. 
AA. Elytra with two narrow white or yellowish cross-bands. 
Usually rufous, ae dark, except at base. .25-.36 
Ine (BIg. 772)": Best sod Sats alaates . varius, Fab. 
These insects are “anally to Be met vith in beating. 
P. variabilis has been recorded as depredating on oaks, 
while amenus bores in grapevines. LP. varius is believed to 
live as a larva in black oak, but I know of no breeding 
record. 


CaLLipium, Fabr. 


Two of the species are metallic green or blue, the other is brown or 
yellowish. They are mostly flatter than Phymatodes, and with heavier 
antennee, especially in the male. The colour affords a primary means of 
separating them, C. ereum, Newm., being entirely testaceous or brown- 
ish, while antennatum, Newm., and janthinum, Lec., are metallic blue 
or green above. The last named has the thorax deeply punctured, not 
impressed, while in av¢ennatum impressions are present and the thoracic 
punctuation is finer. All the species vary much in size, ereum from 
.34 to .50 inch, while the others run from .25 to .55 inch, janthinum 
averaging a little smaller. It is reported ereum has been bred from 
chestnut, while aztennatum depredates on pine. 


108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


——————— = — —— 


HyYLOTRUPES, Serv. 
The two species of this genus are very different in appearance. 
Af. bajulus, Linn., is blackish, pubescent above, more thickly on the pro- 
thorax, where the hair is whitish, almost covering the surface except on 
the elevated median line and the two raised callosities, which are thus ren- 
dered very conspicuous. ‘The elytra have two indistinct transverse fascize 


of whitish pubescence, one in front of the other behind the middle, the 


latter sometimes wanting. Length,.72 to.88 in. Depredates in pine and 
juniper. H. /igneus, Fabr., is extremely variable, the thorax usually 
black, less hairy than in da7u/us, and with five callosities. Elytra yellow- 
ish or reddish, with a large blackish blotch occupying usually the apical 
third, and an elliptical spot of the same colour but varying in size between 
this blotch and the base. Bores in juniper in the larval state, perhaps 
also in pine, as the beetle is found on piles of lumber or on freshly con- 
structed fences. Length, .30 to .45 inch. 
Merium, Kirby. 

M. proteus, Kirby, is .45 to .60 inch long, thorax metallic blue or 
violaceous, shorter than usual, varying in shape according to sex, densely 
punctured and rather opaque at sides, but shining and with only a few 
large punctures at middle. Elytra usually greenish metallic, densely and 
coarsely punctured, generally with two raised longitudinal yellowish lines 
before the middle, the side margin also yellowish in some specimens. 
Thighs reddish yellow, except at base and apex, which, with the tibie and 
tarsi, are blackish. Beneath shining black with a violaceous tint. 

CHION, Newm. 

Here belongs Chion cinctus, 
Drury, a large beetle of a brownish 
colour (fig. 18), sparsely clothed with 
whitish pubescence, each elytron 
usually with an oblique blotch of a 
yellowish colour near the base. The 
prothorax is nearly round, and bears a 


small spine on each side. The elytra 
are each bispinose at tip. The male 
antenne greatly exceed the body in 
length. The species reaches a size of 
from .75 to 1.5 inch. It is known to 
breed in hickory. The name gargani- 
cus, Fabr., catalogued as a variety, 
refers to the spotted form. Fie: <8 dateee Taree 


=|. 


eee ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 


EBurRIA, Serv. 

The two pairs of raised white spots (looking like Ichneumon eggs) 
on each elytron will easily serve to distinguish this genus. The only 
Canadian species is £. guadrigeminata, Say, which is of a yellowish 
colour, the thorax with sharp lateral spine and two distinct discal 
callosities. The elytra are bispinose at apex, the middle and hind 
femora have each two long spines at tip. ‘The ivory spots of the elytra 
are situated on the cost, the outer one of each pair being the larger, 
this difference in size being much better marked in the posterior pair. 
Length, .go—r1.20 inch. Breeds in hickory, ash, and honey locust. 


ROMALEUM, White. 

Contains two large species, among the most bulky of the Canadian 
Longhorns. Both are pubescent insects of robust build, the prothorax 
rounded at sides and without lateral spine, the elytra spinose at apex, tip 
of thighs unarmed, antenne spinose internally. 2. rufulum, Hald., is 
fulvous with uniform pubescence of the same colour. Length, .88-1.15 
in. &. atomarium is darker, brownish,with irregularly mottled pubescence, 
and reaches a slightly larger size. It has been found under bark of 
walnut, while the larva has been bred up on hackberry. 


.° 


ELAPHIDION, Serv. 

The Canadian species of this genus are smaller and less robust than 
the preceding, and may be distinguished therefrom by that character 
alone. £. vil/osum is the well-known oak-pruner, and does, at times, 
considerable damage by ovipositing in twigs of oak trees, the larve then 
eating out the inner portion, so that the twig becomes weakened and may 
be blown off in a strong wind. Its depredations are not confined to oak, 
however, as Mr. Chittenden has recorded many other food plants. The 
table of species is an adaptation of the characters presented by Mr. Leng: 

A. Antennal spines large, thighs spinose at tip, body above with 
irregular vestiture of gray pubescence. .60-.75 inch. 
AA, Antennal spines small. 
b. Above clothed with mottled gray pubescence, elytra bispinose 
at tip. 
c. Sides of prothorax rounded. .70..........éncertum, Newm. 
cc, Sides of prothorax hardly rounded ; nearly cylindrical. 
Prothorax scarcely longer than wide. .70 in. v///osum, Fabr. 
Prothorax distinctly longer than wide. .70 
[1 Soe Peper ener cece reer verses Parallelum, Newm, 


110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


bb. Above nearly glabrous, shining testaceous. Form very elongate, 

elytral spines long. .43-.45 im.............amicolor, Rand. 

It is stated that 4. we/- 

) Zosum and L. parallelum are 

not distinct, but they are in- 

cluded in the above table, as 

their amalgamation has not 

yet been generally accepted. 

The figures 19, 20 and 21 
represent the three stages of 4. vi//osum. 


Tytonotus, Hald. 


Represented by 7: dimaculatus, Hald.; of 
a brownish colour. .45 to .60 in. long. Each 
elytron with two rather largessomewhat rounded 
yellowish spots, one in front of the middle, the other sub-apical. The 
thighs are yellowish except at base and apex, rather strongly clubbed. 
The antennz are bisulcate (more distinctly on the third and fourth joints), 
the thorax is thickly punctured with smoothish median line and two rather 
large dorsal callosities. The elytra are coarsely, rather sparsely, punctured. 
Pubescence thin, yellowish. The larva bores in ash; beetles have been 
found under bark of the white or paper birch. 


HETERACHTHES, Newm. 


Easily recognized by the elongate form, shining surface and extremely 
small second antennal joint. The thighs are strongly clubbed, the 
antenne long and heavy. A. guadrimaculatus is .30 to .45 in. long, 


brown or testaceous with two paler spots on each elytron, one in front of. 


and one just behind the middle. The pale specimens have the spots 
indistinct. Head closely, elytra and thorax very sparsely, punctured. 
Length, .30 to .45 inch. It has been bred from hickory limbs. 


GRACILIA, Serv. 


G. minuta, Fabr., does not occur on any of the Canadian lists, but 
has been described and figured (in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, vol. 
Xxlil., p. 102), by Mr. J. F. Hausen. His figure (fig. 22) and description 
are here reproduced. ‘Jt is of a uniform reddish-brown, the legs being 
somewhat lighter, with rather sparse cinereous pubescence, giving it 
a heavy appearance. The antenne are ciliate, and the head, thorax and 


—-—_——«—— oe | 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 111 


elytra furnished with flying hairs. Rather 
variable in size, .18-.27 in.” It was taken by 
Mr. Caulfield, emerging from a barrel of 
some kind of dye. The species is supposed 
to have been introduced from Europe. It 
has been bred from white birch. 


Puyton, Newm. 


A small pale insect, P. pallidum, Say, 
belongs here, and is perhaps doubtfully a 
true member of the Canadian fauna. It is 
a trifle under one-fourth of an inch long, of 
a yellowish colour, the prothorax broad in 
front of the middle, but narrowed in front 
and (much more so) behind, the surface with 
indefinite darker markings. Elytra with 
four oblique brownish bands, of which the 
one just behind the middle is broad, the 
remainder narrow. I have beaten it from 
palmetto blossoms in Louisiana. It has been bred from hickory and 
from Cercis canadensis. 


Fig. 22. 


OBRIUM, Serv. 

The only Canadian form is O. rubrum, Newm., which is one-fourth 
of an inch in length, shining reddish-testaceous, the head broader than the 
prothorax, which bears an obtuse dilatation each side near the middle, and 
has the base and apex nearly equal. The elytra are more closely punc- 
tured than the thorax. Thighs strongly clubbed. 


NOTES .ON PHILAINUS. 
BY CARL F. BAKER, AUBURN, ALABAMA. 

Philenus spumarius, L.— From various localities in the New 
England States I have large series of the typical form of this species, and 
also specimens representing the well-marked varieties, /eucocephad/a, L., 
and /:neata, Fabr. 

Philenus abjectus, Uhl.— A portion at least of the material recorded 
under Lepyronia angulifera in the Prelim. List Hemip. Colo. belongs to 
this species. I have taken it at Fort Collins, Colo., and in the adjacent 
foothills, in May and June. The specimens from this locality are uni- 
formly darker than the type. 


112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Philenus lineatus, ..—I have a large series of this species from the 
North-eastern U. S,, the specimens of which are identical with the typical 
European form. It seems probable that true /zweatus is confined to the 
Eastern U.S. In American publications three distinct species have been 
confused under this name,—true /meatus, the didineatus of Say, and a 
new species from New England which I shall call americanus. 

The genus presents two types of elytral venation, one simple and 
regular, with three or four distinct apical cells, while in the other the 
elytra are distally irregularly reticulated. Lineatus, spumarius, campestris, 
exclamationis, etc., fall into the first group, while the second group 
appears to be strictly American, including adjectus, bilineatus and 
americanus. 

Philenus bilineatus, Say. 

1831. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. VI., 304 (Aphrophora bilineata). 

1872. Uhler, List Hem. Colo. and N. M., 472 (Ptyelus lineatus). 

1876. Uhler, List Hem. region west of Miss. R., 347 (Philzenus lineatus, 
var. bilineata). 

1877. Uhler, Rep. on Ins. Coll. in 1875, 458 (Phileenus lineatus). 

1878. Uhler, List Hem. Dak., Ind., Mont., 510 (P. lineatus), 

1895. Goding, Syn. and Cat. N. A. Cercopide (P. lineatus in part). 

1895. Gillette & Baker, Prelim. List Hem. Colo., p. 70 (P. lineatus). 

This is the very common western species, heretofore referred to 
lineatus. Say’s colour description is a very good one. It is a larger, more 
robust species than /iweatus, with the elytra broader in proportion to the 
width. The face is very much more strongly convex as viewed from the 
side than in Zémeatus. ‘There are also other minor differences. 


I have specimens of a small male variety from Northern Colorado in 
which the head and thorax are darker, and the elytra, except the usual 
costal markings, black. 


Philenus americanus, Ns Sp. 

Resembling d7/ineatus in size and form as viewed from above. It 
has the flatter face of /¢veatus, which it resembles very closely in colour. 
It, however, differs very markedly in the elytral venation, which is very 
weak and distally broken up into irregular reticulations. The vertex is 
longer in proportion to length of pronotum than in /meatus. Length, 
6 mm. 

I have before me nine specimens, all very uniform in characters, 
sent by Prof. A. P. Morse, of Wellesley College, from the following 
localities : Dover, Mass,, June 26 ; Wellesley, Mass., Aug. 8 ; Thompson, 
Conn., Aug. 4. 


a a a i ei 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113 


TWO NEW PARASITES FROM EUPOEYA SLOSSONILA. 
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


The two new hymenopterous parasites described beiow were bred by 
Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, from the larva and cocoons of Lupoeya Slossonia. 


PELECYSTOMA, Wesmael. 


Pelecystoma eupoeyl@, N. Sp. 

2 .—Length, 4.5 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen above brownish- 
yellow ; collar above, the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, the lateral 
lobes and the metathorax, fuscous or blackish; head beneath mouth parts, 
pronotum, thorax at sides and beneath, tegulze, legs and venter, white; the 
tarsi more or less and the femora toward apex with a decided yellowish 
tinge ; stemmaticum dusky, the ocelli pale ; occiput with two dusky spots. 
Antenne 48-jointed, slender, much longer than the body, the scape and 
pedicel somewhat dusky, the flageilum pale brownish-yellow. Mesono- 
tum smooth, trilobed, the metanotum shagreened. Wings hyaline; the 
costa, stigma, poststigmatal and basal veins pale yellowish, the other veins 
dusky ; second abscissa of radius about three times as long as the first, 
the second submarginal cell, therefore, long, longer than the first and 
almost as long as the third. Abdomen as long or possibly a little longer 
than the head and thorax united. Segments 1-3 coarsely longitudinally 
striated, the following almost smooth, but opaque; the first segment is 
scarcely as long as the second and third united, the third about half the 
length of the second, the fourth and following shorter, subequal ; oviposi- 
tor distinctly exserted, scarcely as long as the basal joint of hind tarsi, the 
tip black. Type, No. 3648, U.S. N. M. 

Described from a single female specimen. 


Crypturus, Gravenhorst. 


Crypturus Dyart, n. sp. 

2 .—Length, 6.5 to 8.5 mm. Head and thorax marked with white, 
the abdomen black banded with white ; antenne with a broad white 
annulus ; palpi and legs fulvous. Antennz 29-30-jointed, black; the 
apex of joint 6, joints 7-11 entirely, and base of 12th joint, white. Clypeus, 
a spot above, spot on cheeks, anterior orbits extending to back of eyes, 
collar above, Jarge spot just before the hind angles of pronotum, two 
abbreviated median lines on mesonotum, spots on mesonotum ridges that 
extend to scutellum, the scutellum, the postscutellum, the tegulz, a spot 


114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


beneath, a large spot on mesopleura just above the mesosternal suture, 
spot at base of hind wings, the blunt but prominent metathoracic tubercles 
and rather broad bands at apex of all abdominal segments, white. Head 
sparsely punctate ; thorax punctate, the mesonotum medially somewhat 
rugoso-punctate, laterally more evenly and less closely punctate, the 
mesopleura medially with some coarse transverse striz, just back of which 
is a smooth polished spot, but above and below closely punctate ; meta- 
thorax with only the basal transverse carina present and which is sinuate 
medially, the basal enclosure thus formed finely rugulose, but beyond it 
the surface is rather coarsely rugose ; the white metathoracic tubercles are 
short, blunt and wider or longer than high. Wings hyaline, the stigma 
lanceolate, brownish, the other veins black ; areolet quadrate in position 
but open behind. _ Abdomen shining, but under a strong: lens exhibiting 
a very fine coriaceous punctuation. . 


f.—Length, 7 mm. Agrees well with the female, except the face 
below the antenne, including the semicircular labrum, is entirely white, 
the mandibles with a white spot at base, the antenne entirely black, not 
ringed with white, 29-jointed, the front cox and trochanters whitish, 
while the hind tibie, except near base, their spurs and their tarsi, are 
black. Type, No. 3649, U.S. N. M. 


Described from one male and three female specimens. 


The two previous species known in our fauna were described by the 
writer and from the male-sex only. ‘The mad/es of these three species may 
be tabulated as follows : 


A. Head and thorax with rufous markings. 


Legs rufous ; hind tibize, except at base,and their tarsi, black ; 
tibial spurs red (Texas)...........(1) C. texanus, Ashm. 


AA. Head and thorax with white markings. 

Legs rufous, the coxze white with black markings ; second joint 
of hind trochanters, tips of hind femora, apical two-thirds 
of their tibia, black; their tarsi, except extreme base of first 
joint and more or less of the last joint, which are black, 
white (Michigan)...........(2) C. albomaculatus, Ashm. 

Legs fulvous, anterior coxz and trochanters white, hind tibia, 
except at base, their spurs and tarsi, entirely black, their 
femora not tipped with black........(3) C. Dyari, Ashm. 


| 
7 
: 


_—— 


ree ew 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 


NOTES ON PREDACEOUS HETEROPTERA, WITH PROF. 
UHLER’S DESCRIPTION OF TWO SPECIES, 
BY A. H. KIRKLAND, ASSISTANT ENTOMOLOGIST TO THE GYPSY MOTH 
COMMITTEE, AMHERST, MASS. 

During the month of May, 1896, while making field observations in 
Malden and Medford, Mass., upon the insects known to attack the 
gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar), I found that many of the common 
predaceous bugs upon emerging from hibernation greedily availed them- 
selves of the food supply offered by the tent caterpillar and destroyed 
large numbers of this insect. odisus placidus, P. serieventris, P. 
modestus, Dendrocoris humeralis, Euschistus fissilis, E. tristigmus, E. 
ictericus, E. politus n. sp., Menecles insertus and Diplodus lividus were 
often found feeding upon partially grown tent caterpillars. Podvsus 
placidus and P. serieventris enter the tents and prey upon the inmates, 
but the other species generally attacked the larvae while they were 
feeding. The species of Auschistus are the least predaceous and it. is 
probable that they naturally feed more upon plants than upon insects. 

When feeding, these Pentatomids insert the sete only, and not the 
sheath, into the body of the caterpillar. I have watched them very 
carefully under a hand lens and my observations fully agree with those of 
Mr. Marlatt, as given in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of 
Washington, Vol. II., p. 249. I have seen P. p/acidus extend its sete 
beyond the end of the beak to a distance equal to the length of the last 
rostral joint. When the sete are inserted in a strongly chitinized part 
the struggles of the larva often pull them from the sheath. In such cases 
the beak is drawn through the fore tarsi in the same manner that an ant 
cleans its antennz, and thus the sete are forced back into the sheath. I 
have also removed the sete of P. cynicus from the sheath by means of a 
fine needle applied along the labrum and have seen them replaced in the 
same manner. 

In the Report of the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture for 1896 
I have published, with illustrations, notes on a part of the early stages 
and habits of some of these Heteroptera and the life history of P. p/acidus. 
This insect was first brought to the attention of entomologists through 
some very interesting notes published by Prof. Saunders in the CANADIAN 
Entomo.uocist, Vol. II., p. 15. The nymphs of this species, at first 
thought to be Stiretrus anchovago (Fab.) (fimbriatus, Say), were found 
attacking the larve of the currant sawfly, Pteronus ribesti (Scop.). Walsh, 


116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


*. = ——— 


on page 33 of the volume cited, corrects the identification and refers the 
insect to Podisus spinosus or modestus or to an allied species. Later 
specimens sent to Prof. Uhler (not Ulke) were found to represent a new 
species and were named Arma placidum (Can. Ent., Vol. IL, p. 93): 
Prof. Saunders also gives notes upon the predatory habits of this insect 
in the Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 1871, p. 31. 

I have been unable to find the original description of the species. 
Through correspondence with Prof. Uhler I learn that he cannot recall 
the circumstances connected with the publication of the description, 
were such a description published, and he has very kindly sent me the 
following characterization of the species together with a description of 
Euschistus politus : 

Podisus placidus, Uhler.—‘“ Of a narrower and nfore oval form than 
P. serieventris, with a head somewhat tapering anteriorly, and rounded at 
tip instead of being truncated, and with the humeral angles rounded off 
and very moderately prominent. Colour pale testaceous, stained with 
pale brown and punctate with darker brown. Head much longer than 
wide, depressed, remotely punctate, the edge reflexed, brown ; each side 
of tylus is a slender brown line which is triangularly expanded on the 
base of the vertex ; occipital margin dark brown in the middle, pale and 
narrowly callous each side ; a pale callous line extends back from each 
ocellus ; throat whitish testaceous; cheeks with a slender black line 
before each eye ; eyes brown, bordered with testaceous behind ; antennz 
pale brown, paler at base and on the last two joints; the basal joint 
testaceous, very short, the second longest, third scarcely more than half 
the length of the second, fourth about three-fourths as long as the second, 
fifth. a little shorter than the fourth ; rostrum stout, pale testaceous, 
reaching upon the posterior coxe, the apical joint narrow, about as long 
as the preceding one, brown. Pronotum with the sides straighter than 
usual, the lateral margin narrowly callous, pale ivory-yellow, and with a 
few indented points and small teeth before the middle ; the submargin 
with a brown line, surface with wavy, transverse pale lines between the 
pale brown marbling, more generally brown behind the middle ; post- 
humeral margins slightly sinuated ; anterior margins callous, having a 
small group of coarse punctures behind each eye; punctures sunken, 
brown, mostly not close together in the transverse series ; pcsterior 
margin truncate. Scutellum long, bluntly rounded and margined with 
white at tip, punctures in short transverse series, grouped in about three 


ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ly 


spots at base. Corium slenderly bordered with pale testaceous, more 
broadly covered with brown at base and on the disk, the veins posteriorly 
yellow ; membrane pale-bronze. Legs minutely speckled with red, the 
tibize and tarsi a little stained with brown. Under side finely punctate, 
the sternum with two series of black points. Connexivum depressed, 
punctate, the outer edge ivory white, callous and marked with two black 
points at each incisure of the segments ; the upper surface yellow, with 
the black points more linear. Length to end of abdomen, 8% to 10% 
mm. Width of pronotum, 424 to 6 mm. 

“Through the kindness of many friends I have had an opportunity 
to examine specimens from the Provinces of Quebec, Ontario, and Colum- 
bia, in British America; from nearly all of the New England States, besides 
Illinois, lowa, Michigan, and Colorado. ‘The genital segment of the male 
is deeply excavated, and with two short processes on the middle. The 
tergum is often bright red, which colour becomes brownish in more 
mature specimens. The humeral angle is usually more or less black. In 
some specimens there is a series of minute black dots each side of the 
venter, and a few obscure spots distributed over the ventral surface.” 


Euschistus politus. New sp.—“ Pale dull fulvous, or rufo-fulvous, 
suboval, with the humeral angles almost rounded and very moderately 
prominent. Head narrow, as in Z£. ¢ristigmus, Say, deeply and finely 
punctate, the tylus prominent at tip anda little longer than the lateral 
lobes, the laterai lobes deeply sinuated, with the outer margin blackish. 
A black line extends from the eye to base of antenne ; antenne clay 
yellowish ; the basal joint short, hardly reaching the apex of head, marked 
with a few black points ; second joint longer; third a little longer than 
the second; fourth longer, dusky at tip; fifth a little longer than the 
fourth, fusiform, blackish excepting at base; rostrum pale testaceous, 
slender, with the setz piceous, reaching to the posterior coxe. Pronotum 
much wider than long, polished, closely and finely punctate with brown ; 
the lateral margins very slightly sinuated, smocth, ivory white ; the 
submargins blackish ; humeral angles trianguiarly rounded ; posthumeral 
margins almost straight. An obsolete, callous, imperfect curved line 
extends between the humeral angles. Scutellum narrow and_ bluntly 
rounded at tip, where it is also slenderly margined with white ; the surface 
is less densely punctate in small spots. Wing-covers closely punctate ; 
membrane a little brownish, the veins and numerous dots darker brown. 
Legs pale yellow, remotely dotted with brown. Beneath pale greenish, 


118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


finely punctate, highly polished, the pleura with a row of fine black dots, 
and an extra dot outwardly ; connexivum acute, the intersegmental 
sutures indented and marked with a black dot. Tergum black, the 
sutures, exteriorly, with a double black spot. Length to end of abdomen, 
gtoromm. Width of pronotum, 5% to6mm. A pair of these insects 
taken in Massachusetts have been kindly given to me by Mr. A. H. 
Kirkland. Other specimens have been sent to me for examination from 
Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia. I have found 
it once, July 4, in a sandy pine woods district in southern Maryland. 
Only a few specimens have thus far been reported. It seems to be of 
rather uncommon occurrence.” 


GRAPTA INTERROGATIONIS, 
BY ARTHUR J. SNYDER, N. EVANSTON, ILL. 


Under the title ‘‘ Notes on Vanessa Interrogationis,” in the February 
number of Can. Envt., Mr. W. F. Fiske gives some interesting statements 
corresponding to observations made here. I kept bait for moths on the 
trees in and near my yard from the beginning of the year 1896, and cap- 
tured Noctuids during January, February, and March. 


Diurnals came to the bait for the first time on April r2th. Vanessa 
Antiopa led the van, followed closely by the Graptas and Pyrameis 
Atalanta. In a few days /nterrogationis and Atalanta were abundant. 
Grapta Comma appeared on the 17th of April. 

April 24th I made the following note in my record: ‘ Previous to 
this date all the Grapta Jnterrogationis were hibernating specimens and 
of the form /aériciiz. This evening (my observations were made from 
four p.m. ’till dusk) all were of the dark form Umdrosa, but also all old 
hibernating specimens.” 

On the 25th both Umbrosa and Fadricii were seen. During the 
last of April and first part of May Graptas were exceedingly abundant. 


On May 7th saw the first Grapta depositing eggs on elm. Captured 
the ¢ and found it to be Umbrosa. A single butterfly procured from 
these eggs was of the form Umbrosa. 

Soon the eggs and larvee of Graptas were abundant on the elm trees 
and shrubs, especially on the low branches of young trees. One could 
hardly turn over a bough of one of these without finding several larve. 


1 
; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 


Mr. Fiske came near proving a point concerning which many of us 
are interested, but the weak point is this: Did he examine the leaves of 
the branch of elm on which he netted the 2? Umdrosa? If not, how 
does he know that there were no eggs upon the limb at the time of con- 
fining the ? there? 

I have frequently found upon the same limb larve of Graptas in 
several stages of maturity, small ones just hatched, and others almost 
ready to pupate. 

I am inclined to think that Umdbrosa and Fabricii may be obtained 
from eggs laid by one 9, just as Mr. W. H. Edwards has succeeded in 
raising imagoes of Papilo Oregonia and Sairdii from eggs laid by a single 
individual. 

To prove these points just as we would have them, both sexes should 
be reared, each form paired with its kind, and wice versa, and the results 
noted. The second generation of specimens thus observed should settle 
the question. 

While I cannot positively answer Mr. Fiske’s question as to where 
the immense number of Umbrosa came from, the observations made here 
go to prove that the uncommon appearance of the species was not con- 
fined to one locality, but the ‘‘ wave” probably extended over the entire 
eastern United States. It is my opinion that the preceding autumn was 
an unusually favorable one for the Graptas, for both Umérosa and Fabricti 
were common here in August, 1895. 

Grapta Comma was very abundant here in the autumn of 1892, but 
did not appear in great numbers again until the spring of 1896. 

Papilio Ajax is very rare here in ordinary years, but in 1895 sud- 
denly great numbers of badly worn specimens appeared and remained for 
some days. Every collector captured examples, I think, but hardly any 
one secured a perfect specimen. 

_ The nearest point at which the food plant of 47ax is found, so far as 
I have been able to ascertain, is on the Michigan side of Lake Michigan. 
In this case the butterflies may have been carried from their usual haunts 
by winds. 

Insects undoubtedly migrate, sometimes suddenly and in immense 
numbers, as has been noted of Danais Archippus and Callidryas Eubule, 


and sometimes slowly, taking years to reach a certain locality hitherto 


unknown to thie species. 
Chrysophanus Helloides is moving eastward. A few years ago it 


120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


was considered a Rocky Mountain species, but lately specimens have 
been taken in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana. 

Another question is why the form Faéricii should appear before 
OUmbrosa and then later on both forms appear at the same time? 

The broods of /nxterrogationis seem very irregular as to time of 
appearance, but there are at least two annual broods here. 


A NEW C@:LIOXYS FROM NEW MEXICO. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M. 


Calioxys menthe,n.sp.— f. Length 9% mm., black with the legs 
and base of abdomen ferruginous. Pubescence scanty, dull white, rather 
dense and tinged with ochraceous on face. Head rather large; 
vertex shining, with large, well-separated punctures ; mandibles bifid at 
ends, ferruginous except tips and extreme base ; antenne black, flagellum 
faintly rufescent beneath towards the end; mesothorax shining, with 
extremely large, well-separated punctures; a band of dull white pubes- 
cence at base of scutellum and a patch above base of wings ; scutellum 
shining and sparsely punctured, without any trace of a keel, rounded 
behind, with a very small tubercle at the middle (representing the median 
tooth of afgerta, etc.), lateral teeth large, flattened and rounded at tips ; 
enclosure of metathorax distinct, very finely granular, with a basal series 
of large pits; tegule apricot colour; wings dusky hyaline, the apical 
margin broadly smoky, nervures piceous, stigma fuscous, marginal cell 
more produced at tip than in a/fz/is ; coxe more or less darkened, legs 
otherwise entirely bright ferruginous, with the pubescence extremely 
scanty ; abdomen shining, segments 2-5 with transverse sublateral 
grooves ; punctures sparse, largest and densest at sides, rather small and 
numerous on dorsum of first segment, absent on dorsal middle of 
segments 2-5, except for an apical row and on 2 an imperfect basal one ; 
sixth segment with sparse minute punctures. Hair-bands very narrow and 
interrupted dorsally, so as to be inconspicuous. First segment except 
the extreme base entirely ferruginous ; second and third segments, and 
fourth more or less, ferruginous at sides ; venter ferruginous except apex. 
Apex with six teeth, of the terminal ones the lower are the longer. 

Hab.—Deming, N. M., at flowers of garden mint in Mrs. Bristol’s 
garden, July 9, 1896. (CkIl. B. 45.) Very distinct by the sparsely 
punctured (in parts impunctate) abdomen with its rufous first segment. 
Nearest, perhaps, to C. ¢exana, Cr. 

There is 2 Cedioxys taken by Prof. Townsend on the Gila R. in 
numbers, which I could not definitely identify. A specimen sent to Mr. 


Fox comes back marked ‘‘ near mesta.” Very possibly the species is 


new, but I do not at present care to give it a name, as there are several 
closely allied forms which I have not seen, and it may be one of them. 


Mailed May 1st, 1897. 


CAN. ENT., VOL. XxXIx. 


SN NESS Vy 
SANS SN NON OL 


<i 


eet Acke Sat ee 


NORTH AMERICAN SYRPHIDAE. 


peele sat 


The @ anadiay Hentomalogist 


VoL. XXIX. LONDON,-JUNE, 1897. No. 6. 


CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF NORTH 
AMERICAN SYRPHIDZ.—II. 
BY W. D. HUNTER, INSTRUCTOR IN ENTOMOLOGY, UNIVERSITY 
OF NEBRASKA. 
Plate V. 


An interesting part of this paper will be found to deal with some 
material from Alaska. During the summer of 1896 Prof. L. L. Dyche, 
of the University of Kansas, the well-known taxidermist. made an 
expedition to Cook’s Inlet, Alaska, and from there inland. A number of 
species of Syrphidz were taken simply as a side issue, the expedition not 
being an entomological one at all. Unfortunately, during the long 
journey back many of these specimens were damaged beyond all hope of 
recognition. ‘The material that came through, however, without damage, 
although consisting of only thirteen species, makes quite a contribution 
to the knowledge of the Dipterous fauna of that interesting region. 
Although some of the orders of insects, notably the Coleoptera, have 
been quite assiduously collected in Alaska, and extensive reports written 
upon them, in the Syrphidee, as is the case in all of the families of Diptera, 
no collections of importance have been made. The whole of the 
literature of Dipterology contains the record of only seven species as 
occurring in Alaska. These are mostly from Loew’s Centuries as follows : 

Chrysotoxum derivatum, Walker, List, iii., 542 (Yukon River). 

Platychirus pelatus, Meigen, Syst. Bschr., iti., 334 (Syrphus), Sitka, 
Loew. 

The authority for this entry is Osten Sacken, Cat. 1872, 122, ‘Sitka 
according to Loew.” I do not know where this record was made, nor 
indeed if it was ever made outside of letters. 


Sphegina infuscuta, Loew, Centuries iil., 23 (Sitka, Sahlberg). 
Baccha obscuricornis, Loew, Centuries iil., 117 (Sitka, Sahlberg). 


Sericomyia chalcopyga, Loew, Cent. ili., 20 (Sitka, Sahlberg). 


122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Eristalis Meigenii, O. S.,. West. Dipt. 337 (Yukon River). 

Xylota barbata, Loew, Cent. v., 40 (Sitka). 

Since none of the species taken by Prof. Dyche duplicate those 
above, the total number of Syrphidze known from Alaska is brought up to 
twenty. , 

These species are included in their systematic relation below. It 
has been thought best, however, to place them in ensemble form here. 

Chilosia gracilis, nN. Sp. 

Chilosia plutonia, n. sp. 

Chilosia alaskensis, n. sp. 

Melanostoma mellinum, Linn. I have also seen specimens of the 

species taken at Ft. Wrangel by Prof. Wickham. 

Syrphus intrudens, O. S. 

Syrphus mentalis, Williston. 

Syrphus protritus, O. S. 

Syrphus Lesueurit, Macq. 

Syrphus umbellatarum, Schiner. 

Eristalis occidentalis, Williston. 

Hlelophilus latifrons, Loew. 

Helophilus Dychei, Will. — 

~Ayplota ejuncida, Say. 

The preponderance of Cfz/osia and Syrphus forms which are known 
to be mountainous is conspicuous ; that the three species of the former 
genus are all new is not surprising considering the state of our knowledge 
of them in this country. The occurrence of three European species out 
ef the relatively small total number is rather remarkable, and bears out 
the law of the occurrence of such forms in the West rather than in the East 
of this country, or at least that where they occur in the East they also 
occur in. the West. That two species of He/ophilus should be found is 
entirely as would be expected of such a northern genus ; although that 
one of them should be new, and that ina restricted group of northern 
forms, which are of almost circumpolar distribution, is noteworthy. 


All of this Alaskan material was placed in the form of a rough draft 
of a paper by Dr. Williston. Ina most truly generous spirit he turned 
the paper with the specimens over to me, advising me to make any 
changes that I might see fit, and giving me full permission to incorporate 
it in the present paper. This has been done. The additions of mine 
are the preceding part, the descriptions of the three new species of 
Chtlosia, and several notes, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS'. 123 


1. Microdon viridis, Townsend, Dipt. Baja, California, in Proc, Cal. Acad. 
Sci., Series 2, Vol. III., p. 610 (April 8, 1895). 

I have received from Prof. Aldrich a single specimen of this charac- 
teristic species. . 

This specimen bears the label ‘“ Knoxville, Tenn., 2nd July, ’91.” In 
reply to a letter in which I expressed some doubt as to the correctness of 
this label, Prof. Aldrich has assured me that the specimen was collected 
by Mr. H. E. Summers in Tennessee and that he has no doubt but that 
the label is authentic and perfectly correct. The spectmen on which Mr. 
Townsend founded the species was from San José del Cabo Baja, Calli- 
fornia. 

The remoteness of this locality from that of the type was a matter 
of no little surprise to me and has caused me to make an unusually dili- 
gent search of the literature to ascertain whether Mr. Townsend’s species 
might not be the same as some previously described more widely distrib- 
uted one. Ihave found, however, that M. viridis is entirely unique among 
the species of AZicrodon, although it approaches JZ. devius, Linn., of 
Europe. 

I found recently in the collectlon of the Kansas State University 
another specimen of this species which I have ascertained was taken by 
Mr. Chas. Robertson at Orlando, Florida, March 16th, 1887. 

2. Microdon megalogaster, Snow, Kansas Uni. Quart. Vol. I, No. 1, p. 34. 
Plate vii., Fig. 1 (July, 1892). 
Microdon bombiformis, Townsend, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 
XXII., p. 33 (March, 1895). 

I have compared the types of these two descriptions in the collection 
of the Kansas University ; there is not the least doubt but that they are 
the same. The type of dombiformis is a female and that of mega/ogaster 
is a male of the same species. ‘Tiere is only a difference in size between 
these two specimens. ‘Townsend states in regard to his species, ‘“ I can 
hardly identify this with megadogaster, Snow, from the differences in the 
wings.” The wings in both specimens are fusco-hyaline, but in the female 
(Lombiformis) they are perceptibly darker along all of the veins, precisely; 
however, as might be expected in that sex. 

The locality of the specimen described as J/. bombiformis is Dixie 
Landing, Va., and that of the specimen described as J/. megadogaster, 
which Snow omitted to state, is Illinois, 


124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


3. Chrysogaster pictipennis, Loew, Centuries, iv., 58. 
Numerous specimens of this species were taken by the writer at Cedar 
Bluffs, in Nebraska. The species has been recorded hitherto only as far 
west as New York. All of these specimens seem to differ from Eastern 
ones only in the fact that the wings are less distinctly marked. 
TABLE OF THE SPECIES OF CHILOSIA INCLUDED BELOW. 

T,yes Daren vs los ooo srs SS oes hee eae at a ee 
Eyes La aeny Rass its te eaieh tee 
Anterior cross vein Beast ment at Baa and atte to vein at 

base of the discal cell ; thorax long ne ; opaque black species ; 

wings very dark. Bec : JEON, . .plutonia, Nn. sp. 
Anterior cross vein Nerteetly aptioht: not Saaney to vein at base of 
discal cell ; thorax very short pilose ; re olivaceous species ; 
wings Hyatine arp be eno UN e eit CELE ES 
. Scutellum with pretles or bose: ike fsa on the margin, 


tN 


3. Scutellum with bristles or bristle-like hairs on the margin........ 4 
Scutellum without bristles on the margin; tibiz largely reddish ; 
wings tinged with yellowish ; white pilose, bluish 
SPECIES. 6/92. kai. os oc e'n os tata ey oan en bee Te 
4. Face hairy ; thorax white pilose ; anterior cross vein ae ae ; robust, 
shining brassy species. . Ri tes aoa aa . .pacifica, n. sp. 
Face not pilose ; thorax Bleck Pigge anterior cross vein rectangular, 
deep biue, shining species. A tote es vit OLESRERSES TS pe 


4. Chilosia alaskensis, n. sp. Plate Vv. Bieta 

Everywhere deep blue, shining, very an pilose. Eyes pilose, 
arista scarcely pubescent, incrassate on the basal half, scutellum with 
bristle-like hairs. 

Female.—Eyes very short sparse pilose, appearing white from above. 
Front shining blue, sparsely punctured short black pilose, with a large sul- 
cate swollen area above the antenne. Face very prominent, deeply con- 
cave below the antenne to the rounded, very prominent tubercle situated 
a trifle below the middle of the eyes, thence shortly but not very deeply 
concave to the epistomal tubercle which is only slightly less prominent 
than the upper, and is situated considerably above the lower eye margin. 
Below the lower tubercle straight, slightly receding. Cheeks narrow, 
lower border straight, epistoma not truncated at tip. Antenne and 
margin of the antennal orifice reddish-yellow, first and second joints 
and the narrow upper margin of the third brownish. ‘Third joint 
very large, circular with the upper outer margin slightly less convex. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 


Arista long, basal, brown, very indistinctly pubescent. Thorax shining 
blackish-blue, short black pilose. Scutellum with slender bristles on the 
margin. Abdomen oval, wider than the thorax, everywhere shining dark 
blue, almost bare. On the dorsum of the abdomen the pile is black, on 
the margins, especially anteriorly, it is white, and on the sides of the second 
segment rather long. Legs black, knees and narrow base of the tibie 
only lighter, short black pilose. Wings hyaline, the stigma and all the 
. veins light luteous. L. corp. 8 mm., L. al. 8 mm. 


One specimen: Cook’s Inlet, Alaska ; Prof. L. L. Dyche, of the Uni- 
versity of Kansas. 


5. Chilosia plutonia, vn. sp. Plate V., Fig. 7, 9. 


Allied to C. Widlistoni. Eyes bare, arista plumose, scutellum with 
bristles, legs black, second and third abdominal segments opaque except 
the anterior corners, thorax long black pilose, wings very dark. 

Male.—Frontal triangle swolien, but little shining, long black pilose. 
Ocellar area similarly pilose. Face not pilose, very slightly pollinose, 
gently concave to the tip of tubercle which is round and distinct, thence 
only very slightly concave to the tip of the epistoma ; but little produced 
below the eye. Occiput long white pilose below. Antenne small, black; 
third joint yellowish-red, a trifle longer than broad, rectangular with the 
lower basal corner bulging slightly outwardly. Dorsum of thorax and 
pleura subshining, long, erect, black (in all lights) pilose, finely punctured. 
Scutellum shining, quite distinctly punctured with bristles and coarse hairs 
on the margins. Abdomen not wider than the thorax, opaque. There 
are shining brassy triangles on the anterior angles of the second and third 
segments ; these spots extend about one-half of the width of the segment 
laterally and about the same distance inwardly. On the fourth segment 
there is a complete anterior shining band of metallic. Pile of abdomen 
sparse, long on the lateral margins, on the opaque portions black, on the 
shining portions whitish, Hypopygium shining, white pilose. Legs en- 
tirely black, long black pilose; on the anterior and middle femora the 
pile is long and slender, forming loose cilia, on the inner side of the pos- 
terior femora it is short and spinous. Wings very dark, especially before 
the anterior cross vein. L. corp. 8% mm., al. 8 mm. 


In some lights the fourth abdominal segment seems almost entirely 
shining, and the anterior and middle legs seem whitish pilose. 


One specimen ; Cook’s Inlet, Alaska ; Prof. L. L. Dyche, 


126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


6. Chilosia Aldrichi, Hunter. Plate V., Fig. 8, a. 

Several additional specimens have been received from the same 
locality as the type, Idaho. , 

7. Chilosia gracilis, n. sp, Plate V., Fig. 3. 

Eyes bare, arista plumose, scutellum with bristles on the margin, legs 
black, 

Female.—Shining black, somewhat greenish, almost bare. Antennz 
of moderate size, first and second joints piceous, third bright reddish- 
yellow, somewhat longer than broad, elliptical ; arista black, basal, long 
loose plumose. Front plane, short luteous pilose, longer black pilose 
near the ocelli. Face and cheeks bare, shining, lower anterior orbits 
very short white pilose. Face considerably obliquely produced below, 
with a conspicuous round tubercle below the middle moderately concave 
above ; between the tubercle and the tip of the epistoma there is a short 
deep concavity. Occiput white pilose. Dorsum of thorax shining, 
distinctly punctured, very short black pilose in the middle and yellow 
pilose around the margins, quite widely so anteriorly. Pleura more 
olivaceous than the dorsum, shining. Scutellum with two apical and 
three shorter lateral bristles on each side. Abdomen everywhere shining 
with a greenish tinge, much broader than the thorax at the apex of the 


second segment, with short white pile that appears to be arranged in 


bands on the segments ; the lateral margins of the first, second and third 
segments have longer erect pile. Legs entirely black, the knees, espe- 
cially the anterior pair, lighter; the pile is very short, sparse, and in 
most lights white. Wings uniformly grayish hyaline, veins black. 
Tegule white, fringed with somewhat yellowish. LL! corp. 6 mm.; al. 

w% mm. H 

One female specimen: Cook’s Inlet, Alaska, 1896; Prof. L. L. 
Dyche, of the University of Kansas. . 

This species is very closely allied to C. Widdistonz. It differs, how- 
ever, as follows: The tubercle is much more distinct, and between it 
and the tip of the epistoma there is a short deep concavity. In W7d/is- 
toni the tubercle is so indistinct that between it and the epistoma the 
outline is almost perpendicular. The face is produced quite distinctly, 
more downwardly in this species. The pile of the dorsum is black ; in 
Willistont it is luteous. The pile of the abdomen is also much more 
sparse and finer; in W72//istond it is quite uniform and not arranged in 
bands, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127 


8. Chilosia pacifica,n. sp. Plate V., Fig. 2, a. 

Male —Eyes pilose, scutellum with bristle-like hairs on the margin, 
arista bare, abdomen largely opaque, robust, thickly white pilose. 

Female,—Shining brassy, abdomen broad, entirely shining, antenne 
brown, third joint reddish. 

Male.—Eyes long dense, whitish pilose. Front swollen, sulcate, long 
black pilose. Face uniformly lightly white pollinose and short, sparse, 
white pilose below, extending only moderately below the eyes, obliquely 
truncate at the apex, the lower border of the cheeks straight. In outline 
the face is almost straight below the antenne to the inconspicuous, 
obtuse, nasiform tubercle, thence distinctly concave to the tip of the 
epistoma, which forms a second tubercle almost as large as the upper one. 
Antenne of moderate size, the second and third joints black, third 
brown on the upper half, yellowish-red below, very slightly broader than 
long, almost square, the lower outer angle rounded. Arista, bare, basal, 
black. Dorsum and pleura shining greenish, densely, long, erect whitish 
pilose. Scutellum with long, bushy, white pile, intermixed with slightly 
strengthened black hairs on the margin. Abdomen but little broader than 
the thorax, everywhere long erect whitish pilose, first segment shining, 
second entirely opaque, third opaque, except a narrow posterior margin 
and lateral triangles reaching from the anterior margin two-thirds of the 
width of the segment, of shining green, fourth segment entirely shining 
greenish. Legs black, long white pilose. The basal third, and the narrow 
apex of the middle and anterior tibiz and the basal third of the posterior 
are dull testaceous. The colouring of the posterior pair is very incon- 
spicuous. Wings grayish hyaline, veins brown, stigma luteous. Tegule 
white. L. c. 10 mm., al. 8 mm. 


Female.—Front shining brassy, coarsely punctured, pitted above the 
base of the antennz, short white pilose. Along the eye margins, midway 
between the antennz and the ocelli, there are short elevated ridges, 
Face shining greenish-black, short, sparse, whitish pilose below on the 
sides ; the orbital margins densely short, white pilose. Face considerably 
concave below the antenne to the conspicuous tubercle, thence with a 
short, deep concavity to the epistoma, which forms another less con- 
spicuous tubercle, not produced below the eyes nor obliquely at the apex, 
which is broadly truncate. Lower border of the cheeks slightly concave. 
Occiput long yellowish pilose. Eyes much shorter pilose than on the 
male. Antenne moderate in size, deep brown; third joint reddish- 


128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


brown, blackish above, slightly longer than broad, the lower corner 
slightly less convex than the upper. Thorax shining greenish, short 
white pilose. Scutellum fringed with rather short white pile, with six 
slender black bristles arranged as follows : two on each side near the apex, 
one more slender on each side near the base. Abdomen considerably 
broader than the thorax, everywhere shining brassy and rather short, 
dense, short, appressed pilose ; on the lateral margins the pile is longer 
and erect. Legs short, whitish pilose, femora entirely black, except the 
extreme apex, anterior, and middle coxe reddish, all the tibize obscurely 
reddish, except a broad subapical band occupying more than a third of 
the width of the tibie, front and middle tarsi reddish, the two apical 
joints blackish, posterior tarsi entirely blackish. Wings subhyaline, the 
basal half slightly coloured with yellowish, veins brown, stigma luteous, 
stumps of veins at the bases of the apical and posterior cross veins. 

L. corp. 9 mm., al. 8 mm. 

Two specimens: one bearing the label ‘‘Cal., R. W. Doane coll.,” 
and the other, ‘‘ Palo Alto, California, March 29, 1895.” 

This species is allied to C. occidentalis, Will., also from California. 
It may be distinguished, however, from that species among other 
characters by the colour of the pile and the presence of stumps of veins 
at the bases of the apical and posterior cross veins. 


9. Chilosia punctulata, n. sp. Plate: We, ip: 6;-a; 

Eyes pilose, arista bare, scutelium wholly without bristles. Every- 
where profoundly punctured ; wings uniformly, distinctly yellowish. 

Female.—Front deeply punctured, wholly without swollen processes, 
but little shining, pile short, dense, in some lights blackish, from above 
white. The orbits on the lower part of the front and the upper part of 
the face expanded as a narrow band just below the base of the antenne, 
white pollinose. Face bare, shining black, deeply concave below the 
antenne to the conspicuous round tubercle, thence shortly and deeply 
concave to the oral margin, which is obliquely truncate. Cheeks narrow, 
bare, shining, lower border straight. Antenne situate above the centre 
of the eyes, second and third joints bright reddish-yellow (sometimes 
more brownish), first and the narrow orifice brownish. Third joint 
moderate, a trifle longer than broad, regularly elliptical. Arista bare, 
basal, yellow at apex. Eyes very short, sparse, white pilose. Mesonotum 
densely punctured but little shining, pile. short, whitish, on pleura below 
the base of the wings longer and white. Scutellum without bristles, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129 


deeply punctured like the mesonotum, with a loose fringe of fine white 
pile showing from below the margin. Abdomen broadly elliptical, every- 
where deeply and conspicuously punctured and subshining. Pile rather 
abundant, white. When viewed from above and at one side the pile of 
the third and fourth segments seems to form broad arcuate bands curving 
from the apical corner of the segment inwardly. Legs white pilose ; all 
the femora except a narrow tip black; tibia reddish-yellow with an 
indication of a brown median band, more pronounced on the posterior 
pair. Tarsi yellow, two apical joints darkened. Posterior femora with 
several short spinous bristles below near the apex. Wings short, broad, 
uniformly tinged with yellow ; veins yellow. 

Length, 8% mm.; al., 6% mm. 

Two specimens : West Point, Nebraska, September 9. 

This species is very closely allied to C. sororéa, Will., from Mexico 
and to C. petu/ca from Washington State. In the shape of the antenne 
and outline of the face it agrees precisely with Aefu/ca but differs in the 
absence of the scutellar bristles. This is the only character mentioned 
by Williston in the Biologia C. A. as distinguishing sororéa from fpetulca. 
The character, however, in this species which leads me to consider it 
very distinct is the deep punctuation... The front of C. sororia is 
described as “shining, metallic,” and the mesonotum as “ metallic 
green,” which would certainly indicate that these parts are not deeply 
and closely punctured. In this species the front and mesonotum are 
very deeply and conspicuously punctured, so that they have a roughened, 
granulated appearance and are subopaque. The wings in this species 
are much more yellowish than the description of C. sororia would seem 
to indicate they are in that species, and there are several other differences. 


10. Melanostoma mellinum, Linn. 

‘Two specimens : Cook’s Inlet, Alaska ; coll. L. L. Dyche. 

11. Platychirus chaetopodus, Williston. Synopsis N. A. Syrphide, p. 
59, 1896. 

Four male specimens were taken on the Pine Ridge in North-west: 
ern Nebraska by the writer during July, 1896. The species was described 
from the State of Washington and Snow has recently recorded it from 
Colorado. The abdominal markings are larger than the description seems 
to imply. 

12. Syrphus intrudens, O. S. 
Four specimens from Cook’s Inlet, Alaska ; coll. L. L. Dyche, The 


130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


legs are darker coloured than Osten Sacken describes them. This species 
has been recorded from California and Colorado. 
13. Syrphus mentalis, Will. 

Two specimens: Cook’s Inlet, Alaska; coll. L. L. Dyche. This 
species is known from the State of Washington. These specimens show a 
considerable variation from the description and from each other. How- 
-ever, the points in which one specimen differs from the description are the 
very points in which the other specimen agrees. I am thus led to believe 
that the species is variable. 
14. Syrphus protritus, O. S. 

One specimen: Cook’s Inlet, Alaska; coll. L. L. Dyche. This j 
species was described from California. 
15. Syrphus Lesueurit, Macq. 

Two specimens: Cook’s Inlet, Alaska; coll. L. L. Dyche. This 
species has been recorded from New England and once from the Pacific 
Coast. 

16. Syrphus umbellatarum, O. S. 

Two specimens: Cook’s Inlet, Alaska; coll. L. L. Dyche. This 
species has been recorded from New Hampshire to Arizona, but never 
from the North-west. This record gives the species an immensely in- - 
creased range. 

17. Baccha clavata, Fabr. 

One female specimen taken on flowers of Aster multiflorus, Sept. 
28th, 1896. It differs from the description in having two small yellow 
spots on the first abdominal segment corresponding to those on segments 
two and three and in lacking the white pile on all except the first. It is 
without doubt, however, this species. This is the second occurrence of 
this species at Lincoln, Nebraska. It was previously taken in 1895 
under similar circumstances. 


ee 


a a ae 


ee a! 


Py Se Le eee 


XANTHOGRAMMA, Schiner. 

The astute Prof. J. Mik (Wien. Ent. Zeit., 1897, p. 65,) has discovered 
a character that will separate this genus from Syrphus as far as the 
European species of these genera are concerned. He states: “ Als ein 
bezeichendes Merkmal fiir die Gattung Xanthogramma habe Ich Form und 
Farbe der Umwallung (das sind die Klappen) des Metathoracicalstigma 
(ueber den Hinterhuften) gefunden. Diese Umwallung ist bei allen 
Arten nicht sehr hoch ; sie ist schwarz und tragt auf dem freien Rande 
kurze, feine, schwarze oder braune Wimperharchen.” 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. eat 


I have sought in vain to apply this character to the North American 


‘species of these genera. I have had, unfortunately, the opportunity of 


examining but one species of Xanthogramma, X. flavipes, Loew, and it is 
quite possible that the other species of the genus may differ from in it 
precisely this respect. However, it is important that the character that 
will separate all of the European species of these genera finds its 
exception in this one North American species at least. 

In the absence of a positive illustration of the character used by 
Prof. Mik, I have had some difficulty in conceiving exactly what he 
means. I take it, however, that the “ Umwallung ” is the elevated orifice 
of the metathoracical spiracle and the ‘‘ Klappen” are the lids fitting 
over them and bearing on their free edges cilia of the fine black or brown 
bristles. If I am right in this, the character does not apply at all to X. 
flavipes. The orifice of the spiracle is not in the least elevated more 
than in any of the fifteen species of Syrphus which I have examined with 
special reference to this character, and the cilia is not black or brown, 
but only slightly yellowish, 

18. Baccha lemur, O. S. 

Four specimens : Colorado Springs, Colo., Aug. 1896 ; Prof. Bruner. 

These specimens show no variation among themselves, nor differ- 
ences from the description. The posterior femora uniformly have only an 
indication of a preapical ring. 

19. Volucella apicifera, Townsend, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1895, p. 40. 

One male specimen, Las Cruces, New Mexico ; coll. Townsend, 
April 8, now in the collection of Prof. Aldrich I have examined. The 
tpye of this species, which I have also examined in the collection of the 
Kansas University, which was taken at Las Cruces, N. M., April 17, and 
this specimen agree throughout. This species is certainly, as Mr. Townsend 
states, very closely allied to V. isabe//ina, Will. It differs in some 
respects in precisely such points as a tenental form of that species would 
be supposed to differ. However, the markings of the legs and abdomen 
are exactly the reverse of what would be expected if this were an 
external form of V. isade/lina ; i. e., they are darker and more extensive. 
I am inclined to think, with Mr. Townsend, that there are here two 
distinct though closely related species. 

Pyritis, nov. gen. [wupitis, a precious stone]. 

Large black, thickly pilose species, without lighter markings. 
Marginal cell open, anterior cross vein in middle of discal cell, third vein 


132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


straight. Antenne short, third joint very broad ; arista basal pilose. Eyes 
long pilose, widely contiguous in the male. Femora and coxe simple, 
without spines or tubercles. Face very broad, the diverging eye margins 
form an angle of at least 80 degrees ; the apex is just above the antenna, 
swollen. (In Sericomyia and Arctophila the eye margins are almost 
parallel.) 

Type of genus, Pyritis montigena, n. sp., North America. 

This genus falls naturally into Williston’s tribe Sericomyini, which 
contains the genera Sericomyia and Arctophila. From both of these it 
may be easily separated by the peculiar formation of the face and the 
pilose eyes. There is one genus in the Volucellini, Phalacromyia, which 
has the marginal cell open. From this it differs in having the outline of 
the face rounded and not produced conically downward, and also in 
having the third antennal joint circular and not elongate. The distinctive 
character of this genus, however, is the remarkably wide and swollen face. 
20. Pyritis montigena,n. sp. Plate V., Fig. 1, a, b. 

Male.—Black opaque, thickly pilose. Eyes long, dense black 
pilose. Face and front shining, sparsely clothed with yellowish pile, 
intermixed with black. Front very distinctly sulcate. Face swollen, 
perpendicular to below the eye margins, thence receding and very slightly 
concave to the oral margin. Antenne black, third joint reddish, broader 
than long ; arista long, loose pilose on the upper side, much less so below. 
Thorax long, dense, whitish-yellow pilose, the margins and three narrow 
indistinct central lines shining. Scutellum shining, dull testaceous. 
Abdomen covered with long, erect, dark yellow pile ; first and second 
Segments opaque ; thiri with a shining band on the anterior margin, 
becoming more opaque towards the middle, where it is broadly interrupted-; 
fourth segment entirely shining, except a subopaque band widely inter- 
rupted in the middle. Legs entirely black; long yellowish pilose 
intermixed with black on the anterior pair. Posterior pair somewhat 
arcuate. Wings subhyaline, with black clouds on the cross veins, and at 
the furcation of the second and third veins. Third vein perfectly 
straight. L., 12 mm. 

One specimen : Moscow, Idaho; coll. Prof. J. M. Aldrich. 

21. Eristalis Meigenit,Wiedemann, Ausseurop-Zweiflg.—Ins., ii., 177, 35, 
tab. x. b., f, 15 (1830); Williston, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xx 
322 (1882); ibid Syn. N. A. Syrphide, p. 165 (1886) ; ibid Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc., xii, 318 (1886); F. Lynch-Arribalzaga, Anales, 
d. 1., Soc. Cien. Argentina, xxxiy., p. 38 (1892). 


Ss SO ee” 


yo 


é 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13a 


Eristalis foveifrons, Thomson. — Eugenies Resa, Dipt. 419, 78 
(1878); Williston, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xiil., 318 (1886). 

Eristalis Androclus, Osten Sacken.—Western Dipt. 337 (1877); non- 
Walker, List, 612 (1849) ; ibid Cat. N. A. Dipt., note 223, p. 249 
(1878) ; Williston, Synopsis N. A. Syrphide, 165 (1886). 

Eristalis Brousi, Williston.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xx., 319 (1882) : 
(Brousii), ibid Synopsis N. A. Syrphide, 165 (1886) ; Snow, 
Kans. Uni. Quart. Vol. i., p. 38 (1892) ; ibid idem., Vol. ii., p. 
243 (1895); Townsend, ‘Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxii., 48 (1895) ; 
Hunter, Can. Env., XXVIII, p. 98 (1896). 

This species was described by Wiedmann in 1830 from specimens 
from Montevideo in South America. ‘Thirty-eight years later Thomson, 
in his work on the Diptera of the Eugenies Resa, redescribed it under 
the name of Zyistalis fovetfrons, basing his description on specimens 
from Buenos Ayres. 

For some time previous to 1877 Osten Sacken and Loew had been send- 
ing out specimens of a species which they identified, however not certainly, 
as the £. Androclus of Walker’s List, iii., 612, to their correspondents under 
that name. Osten Sacken has a note in his Western Diptera (1877) con- 
cerning this species which he still at that time considered as Walker’s 
species, Z. Androclus. Between this time and the time of the publication 
of Osten Sacken’s catalogue in 1878, he had examined the type of 
Walker’s species in the collection of the British Museum and found that 
it was a Helophilus. However, he retained the name £. Androclus, O.S., 
(non-Walker) to avoid confusion. 

Now, strangely enough, Dr. Williston, in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xx., 
319 (1882), recognized the male of this species as £. Mezgenzz, but at the 
same time described the female as Z. Brousii (sic). In the synopsis this 
was corrected and the name Avousi given to replace Androclus. It was 
only the immense difference in localities that prevented Dr. Williston’s 
identification of this species with £. AZezgeniz, as he states that the full 
description applies almost perfectly. He is now of the opinion that they 
are the same, and it is at his suggestion that the investigation which has 
resulted in the above arrangement of the names was undertaken. 

22. Eristalis occidentalis, Will. 

Five males and three females from Cook’s Inlet, Alaska ; coll. Prof. 
Dyche. Some of the males agree quite well with the description, except 
that the basal joints of the middle tarsi are not yellowish, which was an 


134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, a 


error in the description, and there is no yellow posterior margin on the 
second and third abdominal segments. ‘The pile of the median segments 
may be yellow, or mixed with black, or chiefly black. In the female the 
third and fourth segments are covered with dense deep black pile, and 
there is no posterior opaque margin on the third or else a very narrow 
one. This species has elsewhere been recorded only from the State of 
Washington. — { Williston. } 

23. Eristalis montanus, Will. 

Several specimens of this species were taken during July on the Pine 
Ridge in North-western Nebraska. They all have the black on the 
second abdominal segment as broad on the posterior margin as on the 
anterior ; some of them have an indication of an opaque cross band on 
the posterior part of the third, and in others the posterior part is entirely 
shining. ‘The pile of the eyes is entire. 

These specimens were captured hovering over a small, shallow pond, 
at an elevation of a trifle over 4,000 feet. 


24. Helophilus latitarsts, n. sp. 

Male.—Antenne black ; arista yellowish at the base. A spot direct- 
ly above the antennz, a broad facial stripe ending abruptly before the 
base of the antenne ; cheeks and narrow oral margin shining black, the 
facial stripe may be more brownish. Front, except the vertex which is 
opaque black and black pilose, and face densely yellowish pollinose and 
yellow pilose. Face in profile not at all conically produced below, 
gently concave below the antenne to half way to the epistoma, thence 
perpendicular to the notched epistoma. Lower border of cheeks forms 
with the plane of the occiput only a very little more than a right angle. 
Dorsum of the thorax opaque black, everywhere short yellow pilose, com- 
plete lateral margins yellow, two median moderately broad uninterrupted 
silvery white stripes which reach the scutellum. Scutellum entirely 
testaceous pile black, on the very narrow posterior and anterior margins 
yellow. Abdomen, first segment opaque black, the extreme angles yellow. 
Second segment opaque with a very narrow posterior margin shining, 
bright yellow with a broad central stripe of deep opaque black not reach- 
ing posterior border and expanded on the anterior border so as to cover 
three-fourths of the width of the segment; posterior band ferruginous, 
very narrow at the lateral angles and increasing in width to the centre of 
the segment, where it unites with the central stripe ; pile short, yellow 
except on the posterior margin. ‘Third segment yellow, tinged with red- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135 


dish posteriorly, where there is a complete narrow reddish cross-band, 
pilose as in the preceding segment, the black markings consist of a tri- 
angular spot, the base of which extends two-thirds of the width of the 
segment behind, the sides of which are concave and the apex of which 
is expanded unto a small elliptical spot extending less than one-third of 
the width of the segment, touching the anterior margin. Fourth segment 
with the lateral margins narrowly and the posterior margins more widely 
yellow, for the rest black with a broad subinterrupted pollinose band, 
leaving a narrow anterior band and a posterior triangle shining black, pile 
of posterior third black. Femora black, apical third of anterior and 
middle pairs yellow, an obscure reddish spot near the apex of the posterior 
pair; anterior tibiz yellow on basal half, intermediate entirely and pos- 
terior with only an apical band. All the tarsi except the intermediate 
metatarsi black ; the anterior tarsi, especially the metatarsi, are very 
evidently widened and swollen. The posterior femora slightly thickened, 
their tibize slightly arcuate, unarmed. Wings cinereous hyaline. Length, 
Ir mm. 
One specimen : Minnesota. 


This species belongs to the gvven/andicus group. It is easily separa- 
ble from glacialis and dorealis by the only gently concave face. From 
groenlandicus it differs: (1) The median dorsal stripes are not very 
narrow, but broad, distinct, and reach the scutellum, the lateral thoracic 
stripes are not obsolete posteriorly ; (2) the femora are more extensively 
yellow at the apex; (3) the pile of the thorax is everywhere yellow. 
From #. Dychet, Will., it differs in the less robust and less pilose body 
throughout, in the outline of the face, which in that species is obtusely 
conically produced and which is perpendicular below the middle in this 
species, in the fact that the facial stripe ends abruptly before the base of 
the antenne ; the median dorsal stripes are wider and reach the scutellum, 
the scutellum is largely black pilose (in Dychec the pile of the scutellum 
is entirely yellow), the apical femoral bands are wider, and there is a much 
greater extent of yellow on the third and fourth abdominal segments. 

Mr. W. A. Snow has a note concerning a specimen of a species of 
Helophilus of the groenlandicus group (Kansas Univ, Quart. 111, 243) 
which in some respects differs from grvenandicus precisely as this species 
does. From the short note given by Mr. Snow I am not certain that his” 
specimen belongs to a species distinct from mine. In his specimen the 
pile of the dorsum is entirely yellow, the median stripes reach the 


136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


scutellum, and the middle femora are yellow at the apex. In all of these 
characters it agrees with mine. On the other hand, his specimen has the 
dorsal stripes narrow, and the lower border of the cheeks forms with the 
plane of the occiput an obtuse angle. In these characters it differs from 
mine. A comparison of specimens is necessary to clear up the difficulty. 
I have noticed in the anterior metatarsus of this species a formation 
that I think is of considerable value as a specific character, and which 
apparently has not been observed in any other species of the genus. In 
this species it is widened and swollen considerably more than in any of 
the species of /e/ophilus with which I am acquainted. My autoptic 
knowledge of the species of this genus includes almost all of the species 
except those of the groendandicus group, and of that group I know only 
H, Dychei, Will. Since that species has the tarsi somewhat wider than 
the other species of the genus, and since the authors have paid no 
attention to the tarsi, Iam not certain but that in the gvvenlandicus group 
this character is not of much value. Iam certain of this, however, that 
the swollen anterior metatarsi of the male of this species will separate it 
from any member of the genus outside of the groenlandicus group. 
25. Helophilus Dychet, Williston, Ms. 
Male.—Face below the antenne only lightly concave ; on the lower 
half nearly vertical and straight in profile ; the lower line of the head 
forms with the plane of the occiput an obtuse angle ; face on the sides 
yellowish-white, the median stripe black ; cheeks black. Antenne black. 
Front on the lower part yellowish-white with yellowish pile ; on the upper 
constricted part more brownish and with longer blackish pile. Mesonotum 
opaque black, with two slender, yellowish or yellowish-white stripes, 
sometimes narrowly interrupted at the suture and reaching only about 
half way from the suture to the scutellum, pile abundant, dusky yellow. 
Scutellum light yellow with yellow pile. Abdomen black, the second 
segment with two large yellow triangular spots, extending the whole width 
of the segment ; third segment with the anterior angles yellow, the black 
of the second segment is opaque or subopaque with the narrow hind 
margin metallic ; that of the third segment is opaque on the anterior half 
or a little more ; third segment wholly shining, no whitish lunulate spots ; 
pile erect, yellowish. Legs black, the immediate tips of the femora and 
the base of the tibie yellow. Hind femora moderately dilated ; hind 
tibie arcuate. Wings cinereous hyaline ; sixth vein sinuous. Length, 


1—2% mm. 


= - 


—— 


‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137 


The female scarcely differs. There is an indication of a gray lateral 
stripe on the mesonotum at the humeri. The species is closely related to 
H. groentlandicus, Steger, but differs in the extent of the shining colour of 
the abdomen, the absence of the pollinose spots on the abdomen, and the 
colour of the pile of the mesonotum and abdomen in part. ‘There are no 
yellow markings whatever on the fourth abdominal segment. 

Four specimens: Sitka, Alaska; Prof. L. L. Dyche. 

The above description is Williston’s. ‘The manuscript containing it 
was most generously turned over to me by Dr. Williston, with the 
permission to change it in any manner I might see fit. I have not found 
any change or addition to be necessary. 

26. LHelophilus mexicanus, Mcq. 

I have a specimen of this species from Custer in the centre of the 
black hills in South Dakota. The description applies exactly. This 
species has not previously been recorded except in Mexico and on 
the Pacific Coast. 


27. Helophilus pilosus, n. sp. 

Female. — Pile everywhere, including the face, long and rather 
abundant. Antenne reddish-yellow. Front opaque black, clothed 
with yellow pollen on the lower half or more, everywhere black pilose. 
Face entirely yellow, rather deeply concave below the antennz, thence 
almost perpendicular, produced downwards so as to form a short, regular, 
sharply-pointed cone. “Cheeks black, their lower border forming with the 
plane of the occiput a very obtuse angle. Dorsum of the thorax opaque 
black, with four broad, complete yellowish-white stripes, the central black 
interval without whitish line ; pile short yellow. Scutellum yellow, with a 
blackish cast ; apical margin more yellowish, pile yellow. Abdomen a 
trifle broader than the thorax, the sides almost parallel, pile everywhere 
yellow, short except on the margins of the second segment. First seg- 
ment whitish pollinose, a rather large spot on each side yellow. Second 
segment opaque, the posterior margin shining black, on each side with an 
L-shaped spot of yellow extending three-fourths of the width of the 
segment, their inner side concave ; these spots leave a very broad interval 
of black between them. Third segment with a broader posterior margin 
of shining, with two small arcuate spots beginning at the anterior angles, 
not approaching each other, of yellowish pollinose. Fourth segment 
shining on the apical half, with two similar but almost straight spots 
separated at their inner ends by only as much as their width. Fifth 


1338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


segment entirely shining. Legs yellow ; anterior and middle femora with 
a wide black stripe, attenuated on the apical part on upper side, reaching 
into the apical third of the femora. Posterior femora with a very broad 
median band and a very small apical spot black. All the tibize yellow, 
the posterior pair more brownish, especially at the base and apex. ‘Tarsi 
yellowish, the posterior pair somewhat brownish. Wings hyaline. Length, 
g mm. : 

One specimen : British Columbia. 

This species differs from HZ. hamatus, Loew, in the broad abdomen, 
although it agrees rather closely with the description of that species in 
coloration. From A, divisus, Loew, it differs in having the face not 
broadly truncate on the lower portion, but sharply conical ; in the absence 
of black markings on the apical portion of the anterior tibia, the absence 
of a light stripe in the median. dorsal black one, and very greatly in the 
maculation of the abdomen. From H. snfeger, Loew, it differs in not 
having complete abdominal bands, in the darker femora and the absence 
of the facial stripe ; and from A. odsoletus, Loew, in the distinct markings 
of the thorax and the darker legs. 


28. Helophilus latifrons, Loew. 
Several specimens : Cook’s Inlet., Alaska ; coll. L. L. Dyche. 


29. Helophilus divisus, Loew ; Centur. N. A. Dipt., iv., ‘78. 

I have a male and a female specimen of this species which were taken 
in coitu. They bear no locality label. Another male bears the label 
“Westville, N. J.” The males differ in the following respects from the 
females in the maculation of the abdomen. Second segment yellow 
except an opaque black anterior band not reaching the lateral margins by 
its own width, about one fifth of the length of the segment, a similar 
posterior band narrowed at the ends but reaching the lateral margins, and 
a broad median longitudinal band connecting the two, the posterior 
margin yellow with a small pollinose spot in the middle. Second segment 
yellow with the black markings similar but less extensive, the anterior 
band only a third of the width of the segment, the posterior one with the 
sides slightly arcuate, the interior corners of the yellow spots and a 
large median posterior spot between the arcuate bands pollinose. Fourth 
segment entirely yellow pollinose except a slender inverted Y-shaped 
mark, the base of which touches the anterior margin of the segment, and 
the broadly divaricate segment entirely pollinose. 


ee eee 


ee a 


— = 


a eos 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 


There is in the male near the base of the posterior femora below an 
obtuse tubercle covered with very short black bristle-like hairs. In this 
character this species shows a relationship with //. chrysostomus, Wied, of 
this country, and a stronger relationship with HZ. /rwtetorum, Fabr., and 7. 
wersicolor, Fabr., of Europe. 

30. Helophilus integer, Loew ; Centur. iv., 78. 

I have a female specimen of this species taken at Newark, New 
Jersey. I would make the following additions to Loew’s rather short 
description : 

Face and cheeks yellow, front black pilose, below yellow and above 
black pollinose. The middle, as well as the anterior and posterior 
femora, have small black spots on the inside at the base. ‘These spots 
consist of a dense mass of minute spinous bristles. The black colour at 
the base of the scutellum is visible only when viewed from in front, as is 
the case in the related species of the genus. 

31. Helophilus aureopilts, Townsend, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, p. 51 
(1895), is the same as HZ. fetus, Loew, Centur., iv., 77 (1863). 

I am unable to see any differences between the description given by 
Mr. Townsend and Williston’s description (Synopsis N. A. Syrphide, 
189) of H. /etus, Loew. I have also examined the type of A. aureopilts 
in the collection of the Kansas State University, and compared it with 
specimens of AZ. detws from New York and Colorado and find not the 
slightest differences between them. Mr. ‘Townsend describes his species | 
as “ H., n. sp., aff. #Zavifacies, Bigot.” Helophilus flavifacies, Bigot, Ann. 
Soc. Ent. Fr., 1883, 344, must certainly be a distinct species that will be 
very likely recognized in time. It differs especially in the coloration of 
the posterior legs, which are described by Bigot thus: ‘“ Avec trois 
anneaux bruns, l’un, sis a l’extrémité des cuisses les deux autres sur les 
tibias,” thus lacking the broad conspicuous black median band on the 
femora. Besides this the bases of the anterior and middle femora are 
presumably at least yellow in Bigot’s species since he does not mention 
that they are black, and there seems to be a difference in the maculation 
of the abdomen. 

32. Prerallastes perfidiosus,n. sp. Plate V., Fig. 5, a, b. 

Front and cheeks black, the former with long erect black pile, inter- 
mixed below with yellow. Face yellow, pilose, slightly concave to tip of 
the inconspicuous tubercle, thence straight and slightly receding to the 
epistoma, which is truncate at the apex. Antenne and arista yellow, third 


140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


joint a trifle broader than long. ‘Thorax opaque black, with narrow yellow 
lateral borders, rather short, sparse, yellowish pilose. Scutellum_ trans- 
luzeat yellow, with an apparent black in some lights. Abdomen shaped 
like that of P. thoracicus, but a little more elongate, short yellow pilose, first 
segment black, somewhat shining ; second opaque black, except a com- 
plete posterior cross band, and with elongate lateral yellow triangles, which 
reach from the anterior angle to just before the posterior shining band, 
and the inner angle of which extends towards the middle of the segment 
about a fourth of its width ; third segment shining, except a large, square, 
Opaque spot with deep indentations on the sides, situated on the anterior 
part of the segment ; fourth segment with a similar much smaller spot. 
All the femora black on the basal half, the anterior pair more extensively 
Ss); tibiz yellow, the posterior pair more or less tinged with brown at 
the base and apex, posterior tarsi black. Posterior femora considerably 
thickened with short spinose bristles below, the femora arcuate. Wings 
hyaline, third vein very deeply bent, marginal cell wide open, last 
section of the fourth vein straighter than in P. ¢horacicus, anterior cross 
vein in the middle of the discal cell. L., ro mm. 

Described from two female specimens bearing the label “ British 
Columbia.” 


The very great differences between this species and the only other 
described species of the genus P. ¢horacicus has caused me no little 
trouble in ascertaining its generic position. ‘The extreme looseness of the 
definition of the genera of the Syrphidee makes it impossible in many 
cases to locate a given species in its proper genus, except by a process of 
finding where better than elsewhere it may be placed. The present is by 
a great deal the best illustration of this fact that I have so far discovered. 
Its location in the Eristalini is without any doubt whatever. But as 
between Zyriodonta, Teuchocnemis, Mallota and Pterallastes, it seems to 
fit into one about as well as into another. Of these we may more easily 
throw out of consideration Mallota, on account of the formation of the 
face and general great pilosity, although the venation is precisely as in 
that genus. We may next dispose of Zezchocnemis, in which the third 
vein is only moderately bent, although we are here approaching differences 
that are only of specific value. As between P/eral/astes and Triodonta, as 
far as the female sex is concerned, I know of no distinction sufficient to 
be called generic. In the male sex there are, however, good and sufficient 
grounds for generic separation. What has led me to place this species in 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141 


Pterallastes rather than in Zytodonta is simply the general habitus. 1 
think that too much importance has been placed on the presence of pollen 
on the thorax as a generic character. 

33. Criorhina verbosa, (Harris) Walker. List ii1., 568. 

I have one male specimen bearing the label “St. Anthony Park, 
Minn.” that I am quite certain must be this species. The description 
applies exactly except as to the median facial stripe. A thick coating of 
grayish pollen covers the face uniformly throughout ; the cheeks, however, 
are shining. 

34. Pocota bombotdes, n. sp. 

Black, but little shining, face black, first three abdominal segments 
black pilose. 

Male.—Very much like ?. grandis, but legs unarmed and much 
smaller. Antenne and arista reddish-yellow, the basal joints brownish. 
Face black, indistinctly white pollinose, a broad stripe and the cheeks 
shining. Dorsum of the thorax long yellow pilose before the base of the 
wings, the remainder and the scutellum black pilose. Abdomen—First 
three segments black pilose ; all except the first with indistinct posterior 
margins. Fourth segment more shining than the others, with a band of 
dense long yellow pile occupying the anterior half, the remainder of the 
segment black pilose. Legs simple, without spines or tubercles, black 
pilose ; all the femora black except the extreme apex, on the posterior 
femora the apex is more broadly reddish ; anterior tibiz on the basal 
half, middle except an indistinct broad band, posterior entirely dark 
reddish brown, tarsi all reddish, two apical joints black. Wing strongly 
tinged with reddish, forming a large spot extending from the stigma to 
the base of the second posterior cell. L. corp., 12% mm.;al., 1144 mm. 

One specimen: Summit Sierra Nevada, California. 

This species must resemble P. afiformis of Europe even more than 
P. grandis, Will., does. It differs from that species in not having yellow 
pile on the third abdominal segment and in the face being entirely 
black. It is very striking in general appearance as a miniature of P. 
grandis, Will. It is, however, easily separable from that species by the 
unarmed femora, coloured wings and black face. 

The above is a manuscript name by Dr. Williston which I found 
attached to the specimen in the collection of the Kansas State University. 
The manuscript containing it had been misplaced. I thus continue the 
name although the description is my own, 


142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


35. Brachypalpus inarmatus, n. sp. 

Very similar to Arachypalpus frontosus, Loew, but differs in the fact 
that the cox, femora and tibiz of the male are entirely unarmed. 

Male.—Antenne dark reddish-brown, third joint slightly darker on 
the lower basal corner ; first joint shining ; arista yellow, its apex fuscous. 
Face front and cheeks bluish-black, somewhat shining, covered, except a 
broad oblique stripe on cheeks, with silvery pollen, more dense on the 
front, which in some lights obscures the ground colour. Occiput below 
with long yellowish pile. Face in profile concave, but the concavity not 
receding nearly as low as the lower border of the eyes nor as far back as 
the eye margin. Dorsum of thorax light shining green with four cupreous 
stripes, the median ones more slender and all abbreviated behind the 
middle ; the pile yellow and rather abundant. The scutellum and an 
irregular, poorly defined area in front of it on the dorsum cupreous. 
Abdomen shining purplish-black, with yellow pile longer on the sides cf 
the second segment and on the posterior margin of the fourth, where it 
forms a conspicuous fringe. In the middle of the second segment there 
is a small, slender, opaque spot not reaching the posterior margin. Legs 
black ; femora long golden pilose, the extreme apex of the femora, the 
narrow base of the tibiz, and the tarsi, except the last two joints, black. 
Posterior femora and cox without spurs or protuberances, the former 
moderately incrassate. Wings distinctly infuscated on the anterior half. 

One male specimen: Vollmer, Idaho, May 30th, 1896; Prof. J. M. 
Aldrich. 

There are differences between this species and /von/osus in the face, 
which is uniformly pollinose, but bare and shining below the antenne in 
that species, in the presence of a golden fringe on the posterior margin of 
the fourth abdominal segment, in the pile everywhere being golden and 
not gray as in that species, the posterior femora are less curved and the 
tibie are darker than in my specimens of /rozfosus. 

It has occurred to me that this might be simply a dimorphic form of 
B. frontosus, holding the same relation to that species as the form Bautias 
holds to Mallota cimbictformis, Fall. From the differences enumerated - 
above, however, it does not appear that such can be the case. 

36. Xvlota barbata, Loew. 

A single male specimen [Santa Cruz Mountains, California, 18th 
April] agrees so well with the description of this species that I am con- 
strained to think it is this species, although it lacks the posterior coxal 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 


spurs. It has occurred to me that possibly where Dr. Williston, in the 
Synopsis, p. 234, says “hind coxee unarmed,” he meant to state exactly 
the reverse. The second and third abdominal segments are opaque, but 
have obscure yellowish, shining spots; the fourth segment is entirely 
shining bluish-black. ‘The thoracic dorsum and scutellum are brilliant 
purplish-metallic. 

37. Xvlota analts, Will. Synopsis N. A. Syrphidee, 226. 

I possess a male specimen of this species taken on the Pine Ridge in 
Nebraska in July. This specimen agrees exactly with a specimen from 
San Pedro, California, Aug. 1896. This species has not been recorded 
outside of New Mexico and California. 

38. Xvlota fraudulosa, Loew. Centur. v., 41. 

I have specimens of this species taken in North-western Nebraska. 
39. Aylota ejuncida, Say. 

One specimen : Cook’s Inlet, Alaska ; coll. L. L. Dyche. 

40. Mallota facials, Hunter. 

This species was described from a single male specimen from Pine 
Ridge, Nebraska. This season’s collecting includes another specimen 
from the same region that is in every way a verification of the views I 
held at that time. 

41. Triodonta, sp. 

I have a female specimen of a species of this genus from Palo Alto, 
California, which undoubtedly is a species distinct from curvipes, Wied. 
It is, however, so closely allied to that species that I hesitate to describe it 
from only the female. Doubtless in the male there are abundantly 
sufficient characters for specific separation. This specimen differs from 
the female of 7. curvifes, Wied., in having the thorax almost bare and 
shining, not densely brownish pollinose. The abdomen is bare and 
shining black with the narrow posterior margins of the segments yellow, 
with only very slight indications of pollinose spots on the segments 
laterally. It is also much smaller, 8 mm. in length. 

42. Tropidia montana, Hunter; Ent. News, 1896, p. 215. (Change of 
name from T. nigricornis, which is preoccupied. See Ent. News, 
1896, 305.) 

Since writing the description of this species I have examined a 
female specimen of Zropidia incana, ‘Vownsend (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 
1895, p. 53), from Colorado, as well as the type of that species in the 


x 


144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


collection of the Kansas State University. From this examination I am 
enabled to give further differences between these two species which are 
very closely allied. 

The face in zvcana in the female is distinctly more concave than in 
montana. In incana the face recedes from the apex of the antennal 
callosity to half way to the epistoma ; from that point the outline of the 
face projects outwardly at the same angle that the upper half recedes 
inwardly. In montana the outline of the face on the upper half is exactly 
the same as in zzcana, but on the lower half the outline is an almost 
perpendicular line. Besides this the front is somewhat narrower in 
incana, the spots of the abdomen are much larger and the pile is con- 
siderably shorter. 


43. Zropidia mamillata, Loew, Centur. 1, 68, 1861. 


Four male specimens of this species were taken by the writer at 
Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska, in April, on flowers of Prunus virginicus. This 
is, I believe, the only record of the capture of this species since the 
publication of Loew’s first Century in 1861. The locality given in that 
case was Illinois. : 


LIBELLULA DEPLANATA OF RAMBUR. 
BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


In December, 1896, Mr. Adolph Hempel sent me from Orange Co., 
Fla., some full-grown dragonfly nymphs which were apparently not to be 
referred to any of our known genera. At my request he undertook to 
breed some of them, and soon had imagoes of the species named above. 
In the letter which accompanied his bred specimens he recorded some 
careful observations, which are so interesting and valuable I deem them 
worthy of permanent record. The following account of the habits of this 
species is from Mr. Hempel’s letter : 

This species frequents small ponds and the borders of adjacent 
woods. Imazgoes fly, when undisturbed, quite leisurely. They will 
hover over one spot, then dart a few feet aside and hover again 
and again. The males are often found in low places about 
ponds, resting on the ground with wings aslant downward and forward. 
Sometimes they rest on reeds or snags in the water; sometimes out in the 
pine woods several hundred yards from water ; they may be found resting 
on the sand warmed by the sun, on logs or on trees, 


— SS ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 


The female deposits her eggs while hovering over the water, descend- 
ing to dip the tip of her abdomen repeatedly. She is generally interrupted 
in her peaceful occupation and soon driven away by the too importunate 
males. The females remain for the most part in the woods and come 
from the woods to the ponds to oviposit, but hardly has one shown her- 
self over open water before several males are in pursuit and she quickly 
disappears again. The difference in the haunts of the sexes is so marked 
that males would seem largely in excess to one who collected only beside 
the water, females so to one who collected only in the woods. 

The nymphs are quite active. When in the water they rest with the 
long abdominal appendages widely spread apart ; but withdrawn from the 
water, these are brought together so that the abdomen seems to end ina 
long point. When picked up they have a habit of curving the abdomen 
as if to strike with the terminal spines. Their transformation takes place 
in the early part of the forenoon, and imagoes leave their empty old skins 
generally clinging to stumps and logs fallen in the water. 

The full-grown nymph measures 23 mm, ; abdomen, 16 ; hind femur, 5.5 ; width 
of abdomen, 6; of head, 4.5. Body slender, not depressed ; abdomen smooth ; thorax 
and legs clothed with tawny hairs. 

Colour fulvous, yellowish beneath and on sutures; eyes black ; sides of thorax in- 
distinctly marked with black ; apical third of abdomen reddish, with two broad black 
lateral stripes. 

Head wider than long ; eyes not remarkably prominent ; vertex roundly elevated. 
Rear of head straight or very slightly concave. 

Labium moderate ; mentum without raptorial setze ; median lobe prominent ; its 
border crenulate, with single spinules between the crenulations. Lateral lobes ample ; 
movable hook nearly straight to the short, abruptly incurved tip; raptorial sete 6 each 
side; teeth of opposed margins crenate, each ending in a sharp, incurved hook, and 
armed with a stout spinule. 

Meso-thoracic stigmata separated by less than the width of one of them. Wing- 
cases reaching well upon the 6th abdominal segment. 

Abdomen lance-oval, with sharp lateral margins. Long, straight, sharp, lateral 
spines on 8 and 9. Dorsal hooks on 4 to 8, the first erect spine like the others directed 
backwards, the hindermost with their dorsal margin forming a straight line to the base 
of the segment ; 9th abdominal segment hardly longer on ventral than on dorsal side ; 
1oth segment a little shorter than 9th, conical. Abdominal appendages very long (13 
mm.) and sharp, longer than segments 9 + 10 ; superior and inferior appendages equal ; 
laterals one fourth as long. 

Libellula deplanata, Rambur, is but a smaller southern variety of 
Libellula exusta, Say, as was pointed out by Mr. P. P. Calvert in 1893 
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX., 258). But in recent repeated dismember- 
ment of the genus Zde//u/a no part of it has been left to bear that name 


146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


in America. As genera go the European Zibel/ula depressa of Linnzus 
is certainly worthy to stand alone, and by all the recognized codes it has 
the right to the original generic name. So that our N. American species 
belong to Leptetrum, Newman; Plathemis, Hagen; Belonia, Kirby, or 
Holotania, Kirby ; and Kirby (1890 a Synonymic Catalogue of Neur. 
Odon., London) has distributed our species rather freely among all these 
genera. I now have nymphs of species referred by him to ail the genera, 
and, unfortunately, they do not confirm his arrangement of the imagoes. 
The unknown nymphs still in the majority would doubtless lend the best 
aid to drawing the lines where they belong. 

As implied at the outset, the nymphs described above differ by good 
generic characters from all others known to me. They differ from all 
Libellulid nymphs which I have seen by the entire absence of raptorial 
sete from the mentum of the labium. ‘They are distinct from the nymphs 
representing the four genera named above by several additional characters ; 
by hooked teeth on opposing edges of the lateral labial lobes ; by the 
extreme elongation of the abdominal appendages and especially by the 
shape and relations of the 9th abdominal segment which is not longer on 
the ventral than on the dorsal side, and consequently does not at all 
appear to enclose the roth segment. The following characters of vena- 
tion taken together appear to clearly segregate the imago : (1) The sectors 
of the arculus are not stalked in either wing. (2) The sub-triangular 
space consists of three areoles. (3) A short sector, which may be called 
the apical sector, arising beneath the stigma from the principal sector and 
extending to the apex in both wings, in this species arises under the proxi- 
mal fourth of the stigma. This apical sector develops from a tracheal 
branch, is very constant in position, and may readily be recognized even 
when somewhat irregular if taken in connection with another which 


may be called the swb-apical sector which (in Libellulide) lies just pos- 
terior to it, parallel with it, and separated from it, except at the proximal 
end, by a single row of areolets. Hagen, describing Zibe//ula deplanata, 
Rambur, in 1861 (Syn. Neur. N. Amer., p. 154), questioned whether it 
belonged to the genus. The nymph supplies an emphatic negative, which 
the venation and doubtless other adult characters corroborate, and which 
is equally applicable to the more recent subdivision of the genus. I 
therefore propose a new genus Ladona with L.exusta, Say (= L deplanata, 
Ramb.), for its type. And for this interesting and locally common species, 
which ranges from Florida and Maine to the Columbian River basin, 
because of its very distinctive white humeral stripes, I would suggest the 
common name, ‘‘ the Corporal.” 


4 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 


NAKED AND COCOON PUP OF ANTS. 

BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. 
Ordinarily the tribe Camponotide can be separated from the other 
tribes of ants by its habit of having cocoon pup in which their young 
go through their transformation period; whereas those of the (so-called) 
aculeate genera remain naked and do not spin a cocoon, it will appear, 
however, if diligent search be made, that several species of this tribe 
(Camponotidee) do have naked pup, mixed with their cocooned ones, 
Latreille seems to have been the first to discover that /ormica fusca, L., 
had naked and cocoon pupe. He could not, however, understand why 
this should be, and indeed it remains one of the dark mysteries of the 
present day. So far as I am aware no other species of ants have been 
listed, other than /ormica fusca, L., having this habit. During my 
researches in the study of the ants of Massachusetts, I have found that 
other species have acquired the same habit. And to satisfy myself that 
no mistake was made on my part in the determination of the larva, 
cocoon or imago, I sent samples of them to my friend and co- 
worker, Mr. Ernest Andra, of France, for his opinion, and at the same 
time enquired of him if any of the ants of Europe had been discovered 
with naked and cocooned pupe, other than /& fusca. In his reply he 
stated that /:. fusca is very frequently found with these two forms, and 
occasionally Formica sanguinea, Latr.; Lastus niger, L.; Lasius fuligt- 
nosus, Latr., and Polyergus rufescens, Latr., have been found in Europe 
having naked and cocooned pupe, the last four species being very rarely 
met with in this condition. The species having this habit thus far found 

by me in Massachusetts are: 
Formica fusca, L., var. subsericea, Say. ; June 8. 
e “sub. sp. subpolita, Mayr. ; June 20. 

sf lasioides, Em., var. picea, Em. ; July 31. 
This. list may be extended after further research ; they are, however, not 
very frequently met with. The season of the year in which they are to 
be found being hot and dry, and the ants much more active at this time, 
as their usual custom is, they will hasten off with their young very rapidly 
to the underground retreats of their nests, making it quite difficult to 
obtain samples of either. Furthermore, I might possibly have found 
more with similar habits if this were the only work which I am investi- 
gating, but as I am studying all the insects living with ants, it is quite 
possible that in many instances their cocoons and pupe are overlooked, 


148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H, F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


XXIV. THE CERAMBYCIDE OF ONTARIO AND QueBec.—( Continued. ) 
Mo.orcuus, Fabr. 


Easily recognized by the very short elytra which are divaricate and 
separately rounded at apex, about equalling the prothorax in length. JZ. 
bimaculatus, Say (fig. 23), is somewhat variable in colour, 
but is ordinarily black except a large testaceous blotch on 
each elytron. The thorax is rather broad, roughly | 
punctured, the sides irregularly rounded, Length, .20- 
.32, in. Usually found on flowers, but has been bred | 
from hickory, maple, ash, and dogwood. 


CALLIMOXYS, Kraatz. 


Distinguished from JZolorchus by the shape of the 
elytra, which are longer and drawn out nearly to a point 
at tip. The sexes differ in colour, the males usually hav- 
ing a partially red thorax. C. sanguinicollis, Oliv., is blackish (except as 
stated above), punctured, the elytra more or less fuscous with clear 
punctuation. Anterior and middle legs entirely blackish, the posterior 
yellow except the tips of the joints, which are black. The hind tibiz are 
long and curved in the males, the exterior margin with numerous teeth. 
Length, .33-.40 inch. Found on flowers in June and July. 


Fic. 23. 


ANCYLOCERA, Serv. 


It may be that the Canadian record fer A. bicolor, Oliv., is incorrect, 
since the species is said to be a resident of the Southern States from 
North Carolina to Texas. It is unknown to me in nature, but is said by 
Mr. Leng to be “a very dainty insect, black with scarlet elytra and 
abdomen and with slender legs and clubbed thighs. The body is slender, 
head short and prothorax very long as compared with the cylindrical 
elytra. The antenne are serrate, one-half as long as the body in the 
female and longer than the same in the male. The hind pair of thighs is 
armed with a terminal spine.” Length, .50-.70 inch. 

: BaTyLe, Thoms. 

B. ignicollis, Say, is from .28-.52 in. long, black, the prothorax 
bright red. The elytra are densely rugosely punctured, with blackish 
pubescence. The prothorax is rounded, unarmed, the pubescence longer 
than on the elytra, ZB. suturadis is smaller (.28-.36 in.), red, the legs 


\ 


9 (Ot a NOE pF gt ONIN ABA 


(autaghaeuin Menges y 


sso ighie daskcnl Rokk ae eid ae 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 


more or less black, the elytra often with a black line along the suture 

which may be dilated behind so as to extend over the greater part of the 

apical third. The prothorax is said*to be occasionally black, but such 

specimens have never come under my notice. These beetles are often 

abundant on flowers on the Western plains of the United States. 
PURPURICENUS, Serv. 

Contains one species, P. Aumeralis, Fabr., a large insect, .50-.74 
in. long, black, except a large triangular humeral spot on each elytron. 
Sides of prothorax spinose. Entire upper surface coarsely punctured, 
rugosely on the thorax, the elytral punctures distinctly and rather widely 
separated. 

STENOSPHENUS, Hald. 

Here belongs S. zotatus, Oliv., a rather elongate beetle of nearly 
parallel form, the elytra slightly tapering behind. In colour it is black, 
the head beneath and the entire prothorax except a large central dorsal 
black spot, reddish. The punctuation is rather coarse but sparse and 
each puncture gives rise to a gray hair, those of the elytra being 
subseriate in arrangement. The antenne are spinose, equalling or 
exceeding the length of the body. Length, .35-.48 inch. Adults of this 
species have been cut from hickory wood. 

CYLLENE, Newm. 

The two Canadian species of this genus are difficult to separate 
since they agree almost exactly in colour. The numerous cross-bands of 
yellowish (or rarely grayish) pubescence on the velvety black prothorax 
and elytra give them a very characteristic appearance. Dr. Horn has 
distinguished them as follows :— 

Second joint of hind tarsi glabrous at middle, antenne of male 

longerthan’ the body... 742—89 1M) .0.. 6 50. eee pictus, Drury. 

Second joint of hind tarsi densely pubescent, antenne not longer 

than the ty Prosternum as wide as the coxal cavity. .40-.80 
bile; DPaiie CAR geet onc: on e e aE AOCLIILE: HOLSt: 

The species aie a in theirs times a emergence, eye often appearing 
on its principal food-plant (hickory) early in spring, or even in winter if 
firewood of this sort be stored in a warm room. I have on one 
occasion seen several specimens copulating and ovipositing on felled 
honey-locust early in April at lowa City. It also bores in butternut. C. 
robinie infests living black locust, often ruining the trees. It appears in 
late summer or early fall and may be found in great numbers on blossoms 
of golden-rod, 


150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PLacionotus, Muls. 


The soft-maple borer, P. spectosus, Say (fig. 24), is a most gaudy 
insect of large size (about an inch in length) and with heavier antennz 
than most of its neighbors. The ground colour is 
black or nearly so, the legs reddish; but owing to 
the dense clothing of yellow pubescence very little 
of the black is visible. Almost the entire under 
surface is thus rendered yellow, as are also the legs, 
the greater part of the head, two short bands on each 
side of the prothorax, and several cross-bands on the 


elytra. 
CaLLoIpEs, Lec. 


Includes another large insect, C. nodzdis, Harr., 
black, pubescent, usually decorated on the elytra with a few small 
detached yellow spots, which may, however, be absent. Length, .80-.92 
in. It is thought to breed in the chestnut. 


, ARHOPALUS, Serv. 
A. fulminaus is said to breed in oak, butternut and chestnut, It is 
.48 to.72 inch long, black with whitish pubescence forming irregularly 
defined bands on the elytra and leaving on the prothorax a large central 
black spot with a smaller one on each side. The thoracic marking alone 
will thus serve as a ready means of recognition. 


XYLOTRECHUS, Chevr. 
Includes several species which have the front of the head variably 
carinate ; they are, for the most part, ornamented with transverse bands 

of lighter coloured pubescence, somewhat as in Cyd/ene. 2 
A. Prothorax with four spots of (usually yellow) 
pubescence. Elytral. markings indistinct and 

not conspicuous. .32-.48 

UD. fe seve co eid watu van shee eh p ALT ETALULS,! SLANG 


AA. Prothorax not spotted (except by breaking up of 
bands), sometimes fasciate with pubescence. 


b. Elytra obliquely truncate at apex, the outer 
angle spiniform. Sides of prothorax 
regularly arcuate. .60-.72 
TN 5 hehe) Cues meen sagittatus, Germ, 

bb. Elytra obnanely truncate at apex, but not 
spiniform, 


To 


a ~ 
| THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Est. 


Thorax without apical and basal pubescent band. 
Elytral bands about as broad as their intervals. 
.32-.64 inch. (Fig. 25.)............cdlonus, Fabr. 


Thorax with apical and basal pubescent band. Median 
elytral bands angulated or undulatory. .44-.84 
NIG Sains ee Soule? cael ee SUR OULU SAY: 


The above table is, in the main, taken from Mr. Leng’s synopsis. 
He adds, regarding wxdu/atus, that there may, for convenience in cabinet 
arrangement, “two names be retained: /uscus, Kirby, for the form with 
the sides of the thorax entirely covered with pubescent blotches and the 
elytral bands wavy, and interruptus, Lap. & Gory, for the form with 
the bands greatly obscured by the sprinkling of white hair.” As to food- 
plants, colonus is known at attack oak and maple, while wxdu/atus has 
been beaten from spruce. The latter is often very abundant on freshly 

| cut pine logs or sawed timber. 


. PLAGITHMysus, Motsch, 


This name is substituted for the (Veoclytus of the Check List. The 
prothorax is transversely rugose, and by this character the genus may be 
readily distinguished from other Canadian Clytini. Mr. Leng separates 
the species substantially as follows :— 

A. Middie and hind femora spinose at apex. 

b. Thorax with a longitudinal elevated ridge, rugose at apex, 
antenne filiform. Thorax with basal and apical bands only 
of pubescence ; colour reddish brown, posterior two-thirds 
of elytra and parts of thorax often darker. .28-.76 
Bale eee ote aa! iter alte J tui ie daseysy Habre: 


bb. Thorax with a few distinct transverse ruge, antenne thickened 
toward apex. Blackish; head, thorax and legs reddish, 
elytra with straight transverse bands of yellow pubescence. 
MO ARS Sifu hoe Sis es cso « «» FRR OLEpHaLaS. § Fapr. 


AA. Femora not spinose, antenne filiform, thorax with many strongly 
elevated but more or less confused transverse ruge. 


c. Elytra rounded at apex, the bands yellow (rarely whitish), 

forming an oval figure at the base of each, behind which 

are two slightly oblique fascie. Tip yellow. .48-.80 

? Bete Lc ae renee ey ave Rinna Belo a a nteae ee ears Caprea, Say. 


152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


cc. Elytra truncate at tip. Smaller species with long legs and 
whitish elytral bands. 
Thorax wider than long. .28—40 in. muricatulus, Kirby. 
Thorax longer than wide. .36-.44 in. .longipes, Kirby. 
P. erythrocephalus is known to depredate on elm, soft maple, 
hickory and black locust ; P. caprea on ash, elm and _ hickory, while P: 
muricatulus and P. longifes may be taken on freshly cut pine. 


CLYTANTHUS, Thoms. 


C. ruricola, Oliv., is black, base of femora, the tibia, tarsi and 
antenne (except at tip) reddish. Pubescence yellow, forming a nearly 
complete thoracic margin, a scutellar spot and elytral markings as 
follows: A short oblique band near the base, posterior to which is a 
hook-like (sometimes interrupted) figure the shaft of which is nearly 
parallel with the suture, and behind this a rather broad, nearly straight 
but oblique band. Beneath, the meso- and metathorax are spotted and 
the apices of the abdominal segments more or less margined with the 
same colour. Length, .28-.48 inch. 


EuDERCES, Lec. 


Contains two small (Canadian) species which agree in their ant-like 
form, the elytra gibbous at base and with an oblique ivory fascia. The 
colour varies from black to almost entirely rufous, the tip of the elytra, 
however, remaining black in the latter case. Mr. Leng separates them 
by the following characters :— 

Eyes nearly divided ; eS uniformly rounded at sides. .20-.36 


ins. : af . picipes, Fabr. 
Eyes eonipleane divideag ~ peattiane disenee \depaeeen each 
side near the anterior margin, laterally subangulate. .26-.36 
in.. Ate: . pint, Oliv. 


In my experience, oon piepes may Hs taken Gg pesiae hanel bushes. 
When running up the side of the beating-net the resemblance to certain 
black species uf Formica (which are often abundant in the same thickets) 
is truly striking. It has been bred from chestnut twigs. 


CyRTOPHORUS, Lec. 


Until recently but one species has been recognized. Captain Casey 
has of late described another form which he distinguishes from verrucosus 
as follows :— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153 


Larger, pronotum compressed, prominent along the middle, basal 
elevation of elytra strong. Third antennal joint strongly spinose. 
RAC ATI ME Lines eae bya t aS Jie o>» “asta Mig swiss <n VERT UcOsus,. OI, 

Smaller, less convex, pronotum not compressed, basal elevation of 
elytra feeble, third antennal joint briefly spinoso - dentate within 
BARE 4 ML Sb ete ial aah A < ld com ep eckiwe oad om emsenuans, Cas 

- These bear considerable resemblance in form to Axderces, but 
are without the ivory-like band of the elytra. In colour the former is 
blackish ; legs, in part, and basal three-fifths of elytra sometimes rufous, 
pubescence white or cinereous, arranged anteriorly in narrow oblique 
bands which follow the course of the basal elytral gibbosities. Behind 
these oblique bands is a very narrow cinereous one, nearly transverse in 
direction. Tip broadly covered with cinereous pubescence. I have not 
seen C. insinuans, which is described from.a single male. Wild cherry 
is known to be a food-plant of C. verrucosus. 


Microc.iytus, Lec. 


M. gazellula, Hald., is found in the adult state on oaks. The genus 
differs from Cyrfophorus in not having the third antennal joint spinose at 
tip.* It is “a small insect, piceous or reddish-brown with the thorax 
above and the elytra, except about the middle of the suture, black and 
rather closely punctured, the legs and antennz always paler. Elytral 
markings composed of long white hairs arranged as follows: ' An oblique 
line from the scutellum, a very short transverse or slightly arcuate line 
about the middle entirely distinct from the next, a broader band 
immediately behind and nearly transverse, a blotch covering the entire 
apical eighth of the length of the elytra.” (Leng.) In the male the 
antennze equal, in the female reach two-thirds the length of the body. In 
the former sex the elytral tips are very slightly truncate, in the latter 
separately rounded. 


*Since publication of the table of genera I have come across the. following note by 
Dr. Hamilton (CAN. EN?., XXIII, p. 63) :—‘‘ The characters separating Cyrtophorus 
and Microclytus were originally feeble, and have recently become more so by some one 
discovering that the relative lengths of the antennal joints in the male of the latter are 
the same as in the former, thus leaving in the males only the presence or absence of a 
small spine at the end of the third joint of the antenna as diagnostic.” By a clerical 
error the legend, Cerambycoides is placed one line. too high up on p. 86 of my table ; it 
should be on line 2, and embraces all the genera from Chzon to Microclytus, inclusive. 


154 TIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


NOTES ON RHOPALOCERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW 
SPECIES AND VARIETIES. 


BY HENRY SKINNER, M. D., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


I have received beautifully fresh specimens of Arvgynnts atossa taken | 
in the mountains near Tehachapi, Southern California, July 7th, 1895. 
The inner half of the superiors below is bright red, almost a blood red. 
The species was described by Mr. Edwards from a specimen taken by Mr. 
H. K. Burrison. It is quite distinct and ranks with dana, idalia and 
nokomis as one of our handsomest Argynnids. 

Argynnis Snyderi, n. sp.— g. Expands three inches. Upper side : 
Superiors tawny as in other species, but dark and with considerable red. 
The black markings are distinct and sharply defined against the tawny 
background. ‘The margin is distinctly but not heavily marked. The in- 
feriors have the usual black markings, but they are unusually well defined 
and there are almost no black scales at base as in most species in the genus. 
Under side: Superiors have silver spots on outer margin, extending more 
than half way toward inner margin. ‘There are two quite large subapical 
silver spots. On inferiors the silver spots are large and well defined, with 
wing-ground very light grayish-green with a distinct light buff interme- 
diate border about one-eighth inch in width. Silver lunules on margin are 
large, well defined, and seven in number, the inner one extending up along 
inner margin as a line. The ground colour of wings on inferiors below 
is brownish in the female. This large species comes nearest coronis, and 
has been mistaken for it. I have specimens from Salt Lake City, Utah, 
taken June 23rd, 1895, and a female from Ogden, July 6th, 1895. All 
were taken by Prof. A, J. Snyder, after whom the species has been named. 

Argynnis platina, n. sp.— fg. Expands two and a half inches.” 
Upper side: Rather light tawny or even light buff. Black markings dense 
and wide, with outer halves of wings looking rather clear or open, with 
row of round spots not very large ; marginal border light ; bases of wings 
not much obscured. Under side: Superiors have the two subapical silver 
spots and silver spots on margin well defined ; colour of inner half of wing 
rosy. Silver spots on inferiors are large and well defined and placed on 
a very light greenish-gray ground. ‘The intermediate buff band is well 
defined, comparatively wide and very light in colour. Ground colour on in- 
feriors below is reddish brown in the female. Described from specimens 
taken at Ogden, Utah, between July 18th and 24th, and Beaver Canon, 
Idaho, at nearly same dates. From Prof. A. J. Snyder. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 


The typical Arg. nevadensis comes from Nevada, and the types 
came from the valleys of the Sierra, near Virginia City. I have speci- 
mens from Reno and Verdi, Nevada. I mention this as I do not think 
the specimens from Colorado and Utah are typical but are var. Meadzz, 
or more nearly related to that variety. I have females from Mammoth 
Hot Springs which are the colour of Zeto 2. The species figured in Ent, 
News, pl. 2, 1892, is not chariclea but polaris. The other Greenland 
Argynnis brought back by the Peary expedition is chariclea, var. artica, 
Zett. 


Melitaea Beani.—I propose this name for the Alpine form of anzcia 
from the high elevations near Laggan, Alberta, the fauna of which has 
been so assiduously studied by Mr. Thos. E. Bean, and who has made 
known new species and interesting facts in regard to the butterflies of that 
region. This variety has quite a different appearance from the low valley 
form, being darker, smaller, and with markings apparently run together 
more and not nearly so bright in colour. Expanse of Beanz 1%, inch. 
Expanse of low valley form 1%3 inch. I have specimens of AZelitaea 
alma, Strecker, from Coso Valley, Cala; May. Types came trom Arizona 
and South Utah. 


Phyciodes Barnesi, n. sp.—d. Expands 134 inch. Shape and 
colour of P. myditta. Superiors light tawny with less markings than 
any known species. Superiors have an eight-shaped mark in cell 
near base of wing; just below this is another better defined eight- 
shaped mark; in centre of cell is a small naught-shaped mark; below 
this on inner margin is a good-sized black spot ; there is a black bar at end 
of cell and another black bar near angle of wing; the remainder of the 
wing is practically immaculate. Inferiors have a number of black lines 
extending out from base for about one-fourth inch ; remainder of wing 
except margin is nearly immaculate, except that the markings on under 
side can be faintly seen. Under side: Superiors muchas above. Inferiors 
have the markings as is usual, but are not so well defined and are quite 
light in colour. Specimens were taken at Glenwood Springs, Colo., May 
8th to 15th, and June tst to 7th, by Dr. Wm. Barnes, in whose collection 
are many co-types. 

I have specimens of Junonia cenia, var. negra (Feld. Reise Nov. 
Lep., 3, 399, 0. 592, 1867) from S. E. Texas; Coleina, Mex. ; Merchant- 
ville, N. J. (Kemp). 


156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Cenonympha (Erebia) Haydenii—9. This differs markedly 
from the ¢ ‘in being entirely different in colour. Males are dark 
smoky-brown, and the females are nearly same colour as Can. inornata but 
not so reddish. ‘This species was found in numbers by Prof. Snyder at 
Beaver Canon, Idaho, last of July and first part of August, 1895.' 


Thecla damon, n. var. discoidalis.—Differs from typical form in having 
central area of both wings light greenish-yellow. Round Mountain, 
Blanco Co., Texas, February roth and August 16th. 


Pieris ochsenheimeri, Staudinger (Stett. Ent., Zeit., 1886, p._199). 
This species was described by Dr. Staudinger from Central Asia, and is 
beautifully figured in “ Memoires sur les Lepidopteres” by N. M. 
Romanoff, 4, 220, pl. 14, f. 1 a, b, 1890. Through the generosity of Dr. 
Herman Strecker, of Reading, Penna., I received two males and a female 
of a Pieris unknown to me from Mt. Wrangel, Alaska. ‘They prove to be 
the above-mentioned species. As Romanoff’s work may not be accessible 
to many, I append the following description :— 


g-.—Expands 1/2? inch. Upper side: Superiors white with costa 
blackish-gray ; apical costa, apical portion of wing and upper part 
of outer margin blackish, There is a round black spot in the 
space between last costal: and first discoidal nervure. Neuration 


shows faintly gray scales. Bars of wing black. Inferiors white with © 


only one spot and that’on outer third of costa, round, black. Base 
of wings black ; there is a very narrow, dark, submarginal line to both 
superiors and inferiors. Under side: Superiors much as above except 
that apices of wings are’ yellowish, and there is an additional spot 
(not always well defined) below the third discoidal nervure. Inferiors 
have mixed yellow and gray spots as in Pveris napi bryonte, The female 
differs from tne male in having the veins rather heavily marked with dark 


scales, as are also the apices of superiors and bases of all four wings. It 


has an additional dark spot on superiors. Below the veins are not as 
heavily marked and the ground colour of wings is white instead of 
yellow. 


Systasea pulverulenta, Feld.—I have received a specimen of this 
species from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, who sends the following particulars : 
“Caught April 22nd at Mesilla, New Mexico, on flowers of Aescutedla 
Wistizenii. It is different from any Hesperid I have caught here. When: 
I saw it I thought it was a moth near to Drasteria,” 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ta 


SOME NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN DORYDINI (Jasstn). 
BY C. F. BAKER, AUBURN, ALA. 


Spangbergiella vulnerata, Uhler.—There are two specimens of this 
species in the National Museum collection from New York, and another 
in Fitch collection from Arkansas. 

Spangbergiella Lynchii, Berg.—Signoret quotes the description of 
this species in his Essai sur les Jassides and says: “ This species might 
well be the S. vu/neratus.” Berg takes this suggestion as the final dis- 
position of the species, and reduces Zynchii to a synonym of vulnerata. 
I have a specimen of what is undoubtedly this species, from the Herbert 
H. Smith collection taken at Corumba. While it is very near vudnerata, 
still I think it should retain its place as a good species. It differs from 
vulnerata in having the head more slender, vertex a fourth longer than 
width between the eyes, the red lines not reaching the middle. In 
North American specimens of vu/nerata (and so figured by Signoret) 
the vertex is but little if any longer than broad between the eyes, and the 
red lines converge considerably beyond the middle—at the tip as figured 
by Signoret. 

Spangbergiella mexicana, n. sp.— 2. Length, 6.5 mm. Pale green, 
darker on vertex, pronotum, and bases of abdominal segments. ‘[wo 
oblique slender red lines on vertex, converging towards the tip, which 
they do not quite reach. Pronotum with two red lines extending its 
whole length, nearly in line with those on vertex, at its. base with a 
median yellowish dash. Scutel immaculate. Elytra whitish towards the 
tips ; claval suture and all veins except apical, yellow. A black dot at 
end of claval suture, and one each at end of first and fourth apical veins. 

Vertex triangular, obtusely angulate anteriorly, but little longer than 
breadth between the eyes, about a fourth longer than pronotum. Clypeus 
subrectangular, broadly rounded at tip. Pronotum twice as wide as long. 
Ovipositor two-thirds length of rest of venter, exceeding the elytra by 
¥% mm. ~ Last ventral segment a half longer than preceding, hind margin 
truncate. 

Described from a single female collected at Vera Cruz, Mexico, by 
Rev. H. Th. Heyde. This species is nearly related to S. punctato-guttata 
and .S. fe/ix, but is distinct from both as described above. 

Bergiella, n. gen. Type, Parabolocratus uruguayensis, Berg.— The 
head is broader than long, somewhat angulate and sloping as in Para- 
bolocratus. ‘The frontal] sutures are arrested at the antennal scrobes. The 


158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


a 


clavus has but a single longitudinal vein. A specimen of this species, 
collected at Chapada, is in the H. H. Smith collection. I name this 
genus in honour of the author of “ Hemiptera Argentina.” 
Parabolocratus flavidus, Sign.—This species, described from North 
America, was omitted from the Van Duzee List. There are specimens in 
the National Museum from Texas. I have also collected it at Auburn, Ala. 


Paraphlepsius,n. gen.—Head about the same width as the prothorax 
and considerably shorter, three and a half times as broad as long, 
anteriorly foliaceous, angulate, vertex level. Face of the normal Jassid 
type. Frontal sutures continued to the edge of vertex. Ocelli on the 
edge between vertex and face, somewhat rem ved from the eyes. Elytra 
broad, slightly exceeding abdomen, bluntly rounded at tip, with a narrow 
appendix. Apical cells four, anteapical two, basal transverse vein 
entering radial cell. Clavus with two longitudinal veins. Wings with 
three apical cells exclusive of the closed costal. 

This genus is nearest to Psegmatus, Fieber, from which it differs in 
having the head broader and much shorter than pronotum, and the frontal 
sutures nearly straight, instead of strongly bent inward, as in Psegmatus. 
Type :— 


Paraphlepsius ramosus, 1. sp.—? g. Length, 7 mm. Robust. — 


Thickly marked with fine brownish dots and ramose lines. Face and 
below brown, the face marked with numerous yellowish dots. Legs 
yellowish, annulate with dark brown. Vertex and pronotum brownish, 
with numerous small, partly confluent whitish dots, which are larger on 
the latter. Elytra whitish translucent, with very numerous brown ramose 
lines adjoining the veins and in the cells ; in the female a large irregular 
clearer space towards base; in the male this clearer space is more pro- 
nounced, and there are small clear spots in several of the cells, the 
ramose lines becoming darker in a broad transverse band at middle of 
elytra. 

Genz broadly angularly emarginate below the eyes, the succeeding 
angle very obtuse, beyond attaining the tip of the clypeus. Lore large, 
semilunar. Clypeus trapezoidal, narrower at base, truncate at tip. Front 
rapidly broadening above, apex rather abruptly bent forward, sides nearly 
straight. Width of vertex between eyes two and a half times the length ; 
length about two-thirds that of pronotum. Pronotum two and one-third 
times as wide as long, broadly rounded anteriorly, hind margin gently 
concave ; posteriorly the surface is rather coarsely, subobsoletely creased. 


Oe ee ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 


Last ventral segment of female twice the length of the preceding, 
shallowly trisinuate, the median sinus acute. 

Described from two specimens from the Cornell University collec- 
tion, kindly sent me by Mr. A. D. Macgillivray, collected at Ithaca, N. Y., 
the female on Aug. 3rd, 1889. This insect might readily be mistaken for 
a Phlepsius. 

Dorydiella, n. gen.—Head broader than prothorax and somewhat 
longer, more than twice as broad as long, anteriorly foliaceous, angulate, 
and inclined upward. Face normal. Ocelli on the edge between vertex 
and face, adjoining the eyes. Elytra long and narrow, with a narrow 
appendix, somewhat exceeding abdomen, toward the apex narrowed to an 
acute point. Apical cells four, anteapical two, basal cross vein entering 
radial cell. Clavus with two longitudinal veins. Wings with three apical 
cells exclusive of the closed costal. 

This genus is much like Dorydium in everything except the head, 
which is far shorter. Type :— 

Dorydiella floridana, n. sp.—Q. Length, 8 mm. Pale sordid 
whitish. Face variously marked with fine light brown dots, leaving 
portions below, and several indistinct transverse bands above, light. 
Vertex and pronotum with a number of very pale brownish indistinct 
longitudinal stripes. Anterior edge of vertex with five dark dots. Elytra 
with very sparse brownish ramose lines, densest about and extending 
back from the second apical cell.. A dark spot at apex of clavus. 

Gene feebly emarginate below the eyes, then broadly rounded, 
slightly exceeding clypeus. Lore large, semilunar. Clypeus somewhat 
narrower towards base, sides sinuate, apex truncate. Front with sides 
nearly straight, rapidly broadened above where it is bent somewhateback. 
Length of vertex three-fourths of width between eyes, somewhat longer 
than pronotum. Pronotal width nearly two and a third times the length ; 
antericrly the pronotum is broadly rounded, the surface very sparsely 
punctate and posteriorly finely creased, the hind margin gently concave. 
Last ventral segment but little longer than preceding, hind margin with a 
broad, blunt, median projection having a small notch at its extremity and 
a black dot on either side. 


Described from a single specimen in the National Museum collection, 
labelled “ Fla.” It is to be hoped that collectors doing miscellaneous 
sweeping in Florida will look particularly for further specimens of this 
rare and interesting insect. 


160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Brotis VULNERARIA AGAIN. 

One of the many fine things secured by Mr. Bice at electric light 
during the season of 1896 was a specimen of that Ben ieiee aberrant 
Lepidopteron, Lrotis vulneraria, Hub. 

In the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for 1886, Vol. XVIII., page 72, Mr. 
Ph. Fischer reports the capture of a specimex in Buffalo at electric light 
and gives some description of it and an account of the difficulty ex- 
perienced by the various authors to decide its position in systematic 
classification. At page 136 the Rev. G. D. Hulst comments on that 
report and gives further information upon the subject, and quotes Walker 
as saying that ‘‘it does not seem to fit well anywhere.” 

Mr. Fischer identified his specimen by Hubner’s figure. I had no 
difficulty in recognizing the London specimen by Guenée’s illustration of 
it in his Lepidopteres Phalenites, plate 22, fig. 9, under the generic name 
Sphacelodes, but was indebted to Dr. J. B. Smith for a clue to its location 
in his List of 1891. I had forgotten these notices, where Dr. Hulst 
gives its generic synonymy, and the cause of it, although I read them 
with interest mingled with curiosity at the time, knowing nothing what- 
ever of the moth referred to. 

It is an interestingly anomalous insect. Whether in a tropical col- 
lection it has fitting associates with which it may harmonize and bear a 
resemblance, it certainly stands out conspicuously distinct in the Ontario 
one to which Mr. Bice has kindly donated it. J. ALston MOorrat. 


2 Popisus PLACIDUS. 


In the May number of this journal Mr. Kirkland, of the Gypsy Moth 
Committee, publishes the descriptions of two Pentatomids by Mr. Uhler— 


Podisus placidus and Euschistus politus.. Of Podisus placidus he says 


he was unable to find the original description, nor could Prof. Uhler at 

the time give liim the reference. This description may be found in the 

American Entomologist, Vol. II., page 203. E. P. Van DUZEE. 
Buffalo, N. Y. 


Erratum.——On page ror, seventh Jine from bottom, for DoRYLID& 
read MyrMIcID&. 


Mailed June 4th, 1897. 


‘ 


CAN. ENT., VOL. XXIX. PLATE 6, 


THE COLUMBINE BORER, HYDROECIA 
PURPURIFASCIA, G. & R. 


Ce 


The oo ee. 


‘Vou. XXIX. LONDON, JULY, 1897. No. 7. 


THE COLUMBINE BORER (Hypracia purpurtirascta, G. & R.). 
BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


In 1894, Mrs. J. J. Glessner, Littleton, N. H., called my attention 
to a “worm” which was teeding in the roots and stems of her colum- 
bines. It was not until July, 1895, however, that she succeeded in getting 
specimens of the ‘‘worm” for me. The ‘‘ worm” proved to be a cater- 
pillar which was unfamiliar to me, and in accordance with my usual 
practice in such cases, it was described and photographed. The photo- 
graphs, giving dorsal and iateral views of the caterpillar, twice natural 
size, are reproduced on the plate. 

The full-grown larva measured one and three-eighths inches in length. 
Its general colour is mars brown, much lighter on the venter of the first 
two thoracic and last four or five abdominal segments. The head is of a 
light russet colour, black about the eye-spots. Mandibles dark brown, 
black-tipped. Thoracic shield concolorous with the head on the dorsum, 
but merging into black on the sides and sometimes into a narrow black 
cephalic border; the shield is divided by a narrow whitish mesial line. 
Anal shield large, black, merging into brown mesially. The true legs are 
brownish-black, and the bases of the pro-legs are marked with blackish 
areas. Short light brown hairs arise from conspicuous, comparatively 
large blackish spots ; the piliferous spots on the dorsum of the last two 
abdominal segments are considerably larger than the others. The 
spiracles are black. There is a continuous narrow white mesial stripe 
extending along the dorsum. A similar white stripe extends along the 
subdorsum on each side, but it is not continuous, being entirely obsolete 
on the first four abdominal segments, and sometimes on the last thoracic 
segment also. The discontinuance of these two white side stripes gives 
the larva a rather curious appearance, as the figures show. 

One of the caterpillars, which was received in the latter part of July, 
1895, pupated on or about August 8, and the adult insect (the beautiful 
moth shown twice natural size on the plate) emerged September 3, 1895. 


162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The moth proved to be the one described by Grote and Robinson in 1868 
as purpurifascia. Imagine the light spots in the figure to be of a 
delicate creamy white colour, the other shades as various shades of orange, 
purple, and russet brown, and you will have a faint conception of the 
rather uncommon but beautiful combination of colours presented on the 
wings of this insect. 


I can find no reference in the literature to the early stages or habits 
of this insect. On account of its destructive work in Mrs. Glessner’s 
columbines, it may be appropriately called ‘‘ the Columbine borer.” The 
moth has been recorded as occurring in Maine and Massachusetts in 
September and October, and in New York in August ; it is also known to 
occur in Illinois and Colorado. Mrs. Glessner writes that she has found 
that rich soil, cultivation, and Fowler’s solution of arsenic (diluted one- 
half with water) poured around affected plants seemed to check and control 
the pest. 

T WE RASPBERRY C AUN EC MC AGG GrOgs 
(PHORBIA RUBIVORA, COQUILLETT), 


BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


This new raspberry pest has been discussed in detail in Bulletin 126, 
issued in February, 1897, from the Cornell Agricultural Experiment 
Station. ‘The life-history and habits of this Anthomyiian are fully illus- 
trated in the Bulletin. At the time the Bulletin was written, however, the 
name of the insect had not been determined. In April, 1897, I reared 
several more of the flies and sent some to Mr. D. W. Coquillett at 
Washington. He soon reported that the insect was a new species of 
Phorbia, and sent me the following technical description of the fly, 
which he had drawn up from the specimens I sent him. 


Phorbia rubivora, Coquillett, n. sp.— ¢. Ground colour. black ; 
sides of front and of face white pollinose, eyes sub-contiguous, more 
approximated to each other than are the two posterior ocelli, frontal vitta 
at the narrowest part linear; third antennal joint less than twice as long 
as broad, slightly over twice as long as the second, arista thickened on 
the basal third, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad. Thorax 
grayish pollinose, marked with three black vitts ; three postsutural and 
three sterno-pleural macrochetw. Abdomen quite thickly covered with 
suberect bristly hairs ; narrow, subcylindrical, greenish-gray pollinose, 


{HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163 


marked with a black dorsal vitta ; tip of abdomen greatly swollen, bearing 
a subconical process in front of the hypopygium. Front and middle 
tibia each bearing two bristles on the posterior and one on the outer side 
below the middle besides those at the tip, hind tibiz each bearing a 
single bristle on the inner side near the lowest third, three on the front 
side and two on the outer side, in addition to those at the tip ; under 
side of each hind femur bearing a row of bristles, those at the base the 
shortest. Wings hyaline, tinged with gray at the base and less distinctly 
so in the marginal cell, costa strongly arcuate along the costal cell, costal 
spine shorter than the small cross vein, the latter beyond the middle of the 
discal cell, hind cross vein nearly straight and subperpendicular, last 
sections of the third and fourth veins distinctly diverging ; calypteres 
whitish, halteres yellow, the extreme base of the peduncle brown. 


9. Front three-fourths as wide as either eye, frontal vitta destitute 
of a pair of macrochete, sides of front yellowish-gray pollinose ; abdomen 
ovate, pointed at the apex, almost bare, destitute of a black dorsal vitta ; 
costal spine slightly longer than the small cross vein; otherwise as in 
the male. 


Length, 4 to 5.5 mm. Two males and two females, bred by Mr. M. 
V. Slingerland, from larvze boring in the stems of the cultivated raspberry 
Atoltnaca.IN.\Y. 


The male will be easily recognized by the narrow abdomen and the 
arrangement of the bristles on the legs ; the female, by the absence of 
the usual pair of macrocheete on the upper part of the frontal vitta. 

D. W. CoQuiLLett. 


Mr. R. H. Meade, of England, sends me the following report upon 
some of the flies which were sent to him at the same time: “I have 
examined the flies carefully, and they seem to be an undescribed species 
of Phorbia. I cannot identify them with any European species that I 
know, and I think you may describe them as new. You might call them 
P. rubi or P. ruborum.” 


I shall be glad to send a copy of Bulletin 126 to anyone who may 
be further interested in this raspberry-cane maggot. 


The annual meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists 
will be held at Detroit, Mich., on Thursday and Friday, August 12th 
and 13th, 


164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF “N. AMERICAN GOMPHINZ:. 
BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, IfHACA, N. Y. 


Examples of the emphasized importance of larval life better than 
that furnished by the subfamily Gomphine of Odonata are few even 
among insects. ‘The nymphs live under the sediment (mostly organic 
debris) which falls to the bottom of ponds and streams. They are 
aquatic burrowers which live at such slight depth that their anal 
respiratory orifice is never beyond the reach of clean water. This thin 
stratum, which forms their home and which they only leave to trans- 
form, is one of great biologic richness. In it they have found room 
for development in enormous numbers and necessity for extreme 
specialization. They are, at least when well-grown, among the more 
powerful members of its teeming hidden population. The imagoes 
emerge, flit about under cover for a few days, lay their eggs and die. 
They emerge largely by daylight and are subject to great decimation 
of numbers at this time, and are sought later by numerous powerful 
enemies. The females which live to oviposit lay a very large number 
of eggs. A female of Gomphus fraternus \aid for me in a watch glass 
of water over 5,000 at one time. The imagoes of the ancient genus 
Gomphus are regarded as a race of weaklings. ‘Their nymphs, on the 
contrary, are splendidly equipped for the battle of life. And it is to the 
perfection of their adaptation that the prevalence of Gomphines with 
us is due. 


These conditions have developed a large and very uniform series 
of imagoes, with one colour pattern, one plan of venation, one haditus, 
consisting of many very closely related species difficult to study. 
Specific characters, though slight, are yet constant. The slight specific 
variations of an ancient colour pattern long retained are unusually 
reliable. Secondary sexual characters reach here their maximum of 
importance and of specific individuality. This is as one would expect, 
recalling the vicissitudes of adult life and that its chief concern is with 
reproduction. 


The real competition of life, however, is carried on by the nymphs, 
and the outcome of it is that they have become specialized. They 
have developed along several lines and have become segregated into 
well-marked natural groups which are not so obvious among the imagoes. 


a 


—e 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165 


De Selys separated from the great genus Gomphus®* as he found it three 
genera represented in our fauna, Ophiogomphus, Herpetogomphus and 
Dromogomphus, and divided the remainder into groups of species. My 
breedings of the nymphs during the past three seasons in the main con- 
firm these groups and show that three of them at least are worthy to rank * 
as genera. 

One of the genuine surprises of this season was the finding here, at 
Ithaca, of nymphs like those described by Hagen from Rocky Creek, Ky., 
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII., 281, 1885) and doubtfully referred by him 
to Tachaptryx Thoreyi, and the rearing from them of Gomphus par- 
vulus, Selys. ‘‘This extraordinary nymph combines head and antenne 
of Hagenius with legs and abdomen of Gomphus,” wrote Hagen in the 
beginning of his very careful description. The length of the wing pads 
showed the nymphs not to be young, as Hagen supposed, and made it 


impossible to consider them as belonging to Zachaptryx, but that they 


should yield this dainty little Gomphine was still a surprise. 


In June and July, 1896, I bred Gomphus fraternus, Say, in numbers 
at Havana, Ill. The nymphs are exactly described by Hagen (loc. cit., 
p. 262) as No. t3, G. adelphus (supposition). In May, 1895, 1 bred 
Gomphus graslinellus, Walsh, at Galesburg, Ill. These, especially the 
former, are very near to the typical G. vu/gatissimus of Europe. 


* Nomenclatural.—In the case of Aeshna vs. Gomphus I have examined the evidence 
and find it is as follows: Linne included all dragonflies known to him in one genus, 
Libellula, Fabricius (1775. Syst. Ent., pp. 420-426) divided the genus into three, 
Libellula, L., Aeshna, Fabr., and Agrion, Fabr., placing under Aeshna, among other 
species, L. grandis, L.., and L. forcipata, L. It is worthy of note that he left Z. 
vulgatissina, L., in Libellula, Illiger (1802. Magazin fur’ Insekten kunde, p. 126) 
corrected the spelling to Aeschna, merely to accord with its etymology. Latreille was 
the first to designate types. He specifies (1802. Hist. Nat. Gust., Ms. III , 286) 
L. depressa, L, as the type of Libellula ; L. vulgatissima, L., as the type of Aeshna, 
and L. virgo as the type of Agrion. With regard to the second, which alone concerns 
us here, ZL, vulgatissima, L,, was described and figured by Latreille under the name 
‘Aeshna forcipata, Fabr.,” as was shown later by hoth Hagen and De Selys, Kirby’s 
Catalogue of Neuroptera Odonata (1890) gives the correct synonymy and thus con- 
tains in itself the evidence which condemns the substitution it proposes. For if 
the type named by Latreille for Aeshna was vulgatissima, L., this species having 
heen excluded by Fabricius when he founded the genus, cannot be its type. Leach 
(1815. Edinburgh Encycl. VIII. part 2, p. 726, of Amer. reprint) founded the 
genus Gomphus, with L, vulgatissima L., for its type and placed under Aes/na, 
Fabr., the sole species Z. grandis, L. However, Cuvier had previously (1798) 
characterized deshna (as pointed out by De Selys, C. RX. Ent. Soc. Belg., 1890, 
p. CLXI.) and described under it the sole species grandis, L. This usage has 
since been universally followed until 1890, and one is glad to find there is now 
no reason for change. 

I follow De Selys in using the name Ofhiogomphus, Sel., which seems to 
haye been quite properly given. +eAn 


166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


In the paddidus group I find another type of nymph very distinct in 
the two species I have reared (pa//idus, Ramb., at Galesburg, Ill., May 
1895 ; véllossipes, Sel., Ithaca, N. Y., May 1897). 

The plagiatus and notatus groups of De Selys together present 
another type of nymph, already pointed out by Hagen (loc. cit., p. 269) 
as perhaps of more than subgeneric value. ‘The bred nymphs of this 
group are of plagiatus, Sel., notatus, Ramb., spiniceps, Walsh, and 
segregans, 0. sp. (vid. sub finem.) 

Believing that the immature stages throw much light on the relation- 
ship of the imagoes, and that the study of this large and homogeneous 
group will be facilitated by the setting apart of distinguishable sub-groups, 
I propose three new genera which need here have no further character- 
ization than that of the following tables: Zanthus (AavGavy contracted), 
type G. parvulus, Selys, Orcus (nomen proprium), type pal/zdus, Ramb., 
and Stylurus (o7vAos and ope), type Alagiatus, Selys. With these apart 
Gomphus is still somewhat polymorphic. The d/atatus group, character- 
ized by extreme dilatation of the apex of the abdomen in the imago and 
correspondingly greater width to the gth abdominal segment in the nymph, 
may yet, with advantage, be set apart. A clear line of demarcation, how- 
ever, is not yet apparent. 

I now hazard a table for separating these subdivisions of the 
Legion Gomphus, Selys. It is to be regarded as preliminary and 
tentative, the more so as I have endeavored to base it on char- 
acters common to both sexes. This legion is distinguished from 
others of Gomphine by the absence (normally) of cross veins from 
all the triangles and supra-triangular spaces. 


TABLE FOR IMAGOES OF THE LEGION GOMPHUS, SELYS. 


tr. Outer side of triangle of fore wing distinctly angulated at the 
origin of the cross vein between the two upper  discoidal 
ATEGIEES . 6... sisig e ahh» We) eis eek tagee, Sika Se» oe Naa 
Outer side of triangle of fore wing straight or nearly so......3. 
2. Inferior abdominal appendages of ¢ recurved upward in their 
apical half; vulvar lamina of 2 shorter than half the 9th abdominal 
S@pMENt ... 2 2c de eee ep eee cele ee + + «  LLCPPELOLOMB A ENaC hye 
Inferior abdominal appendages of ¢ reeurved upward only at their 
extreme apices; vulvar lamina of @ almost equalling the goth 
SEBIMENE Ri th aes mete bee en See eee .... Ophiogomphus, Selys. 


THE GANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIST. 167 


3. Upper sector of the arculus arising from its upper end; 2. ¢,, 
the part of the arculus above the sectors shorter than the part 
DLO WeAOMENOEY Soha hcu's ain apestieai iu’. «a taten ois + LBMEAUS, Pen. NOV: 


Upper sector of arculus arising from its middle; 7. ¢., the part 
of the arculus above the sectors longer than the part below 
URNA ort a ree Pols & fics «SAGER SA eNRU ae Ka ihe 


4. Hind femora with 5 to 7 long spines, intermixed with smaller 
ROB Sitges ce Rs new og he ssn ene nes OINQLOMED RUS. DELYS: 


Hind: femora with numerous shorter’ spines..............2..00+5: 


5. Ninth abdominal segment a little longer than Sth. Segments 7, 
Sener ona oo very Nittle enlargedei.. i. eee. os en ee eee O 


Ninth abdominal segment not longer, generally shorter, than the 
8th; segments 7-9 more or less enlarged....Gomphus, Leach. 


6. Dorsum of thorax pale with darker stripes; 8th abdominal segment 
cut obliquely at apex, longer on the dorsum than at the sides. 
abdominal es of : hardly longer than the 1oth seg- 
ment. tee mh eae eth css tf eR ee CUS ER. DOV 


Dorsum of thorax dark with paler stripes; 8th abdominal seg- 
ment not longer on the dorsum than at the sides; abdominal 
appendages of the @ at least one half longer than the roth 
SEEMS rate fie cle ote estas gots ous\s - ss Stone TAR OEVEUT ES, SON: HOV, 


Nymphs of four of our N. American Gomphine genera remain. 
to be discovered. TZachaptryx and Dromogomphus of the eastern U. 
S., Gomphoides of Texas and Octogomphus of California. I venture 
now a preliminary table for our known nymphs. Doubtless many 
modifications of it will be necessary as the unknown nymphs still 
largely in the majority are discovered. 


TABLE FOR GOMPHINE NYMPHS 
ENN GASCS VSECORORY EIVELDENE. oi) a. «'s Maisichsisge cn. Sot © s duwie) akctaas o,o0 Dp 
Wing-cases laid parallel along the back...... BMA tals sc Lok hier. haf 


*This will not apply to gaping exwz7ie in which originally parallel wing- 
cases have been forced apart 


168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


LS) 


. One third or more of the length of the abdomen, formed by the 
reth abdominal’ segmentiy.2. 2.0.41 ae (supposition). Aphylla, 


Tenth abdominal segments not longer than the other segments... 


3. Middle legs less distant .at base than fore legs...... Progomphus. 


Middle legs not less distant at base than fore legs..... (These 
apparently not separable) Herpetogomphus and Ophiogomphus. 


4. Third joint of antennz ‘flat, ‘circular 02.0 0.4.4:204.).). <p oe 


Third joint of antennz cylindric, at least twice as long as wide. .6. 


Abdomen: flat, -subcircularet 2% <2. hei: sone ae ee Hagenius. 


on 


Abdomen ovate, twice as long as wide..............Zanthus. 


6. Abdominal appendages longer than the roth segment, front bor- 
der of median lobe of labium straight (or in Gomphus occa- 
sionally very slightly rounded), with the usual fringe of flat 
scales, but without teeth, Abdomen not abruptly narrowed be- 
fore oth. Segments. {2.2 6.150 ae eee ee 2 0 melee er 


Abdominal appendages shorter than the t1oth segment; front 
border of median labial lobe produced into a prominent rounded 
lobe which is generally armed with a conic apical tooth. 
Abdomen rather abruptly narrowed to the base of its gth 
segment, more slowly tapering to the apex............ Orcus. 


Body spindle-shaped, little flattened; fore and middle tibie with 
small external apical hooks or with none .......... Stylurus. 


Ninth abdominal segment one half longer than the 8th, its lateral 
margins nearly parallel. A minute middorsal apical spine on 
the gth segment only. Lateral lobe of the labium with a 
strongly incurved end hook and teeth on the inner margin 
increasing in size posteriorly. 

Body flat, lanceolate ; fore and middle tibie with strong external 
apical burrowing hooks. Ninth abdominai segment hardly longer 
than the 8th, much narrowed posteriorly. Rudimentary dorsal 
hooks on some of the segments before the gth. ....Gomphus. 


(Zo be continued.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 
THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H, F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
XXV. THE CERAMBYCIDEZ OF ONTARIO AND QuEepeEc.—/( Continued. ) 
Arita, Hald. 

Represented by A. confusa, Say, the only Canadian species of the 
group Atimioides. Aside from the structural peculiarities given in the 
table of genera, it may be characterized by the blackish colour and the 
punctate surface clothed with rather long yellowish pubescence, which is 
irregularly disposed so as to leave abraded smooth spots. The elytra are 
broader than prothorax, truncate at tip. Length, .33-.40 inch. 


NeEcypDALis, Linn. 

This genus, by the short elytra, bears some resemblance to Molorchus. 
The third and fourth antennal joints together are distinctly longer than 
the fifth. Our species is /V. me//itus, Say, unknown to me, but described 
by Mr. Leng as being of variable colour, ‘‘ usually rufo-testaceous, head, 
antenne (base and tip tinged with rufous), thorax, scutellum and abdomen 
above black ; elytra punctate, more coarsely toward the margin ; reddish- 
brown, with paler spot at tip or entirely rufo-testaceous.” The elytra are 
marked by an oblique impression which is not deep and does not reach 
the tip. Length, .60-.84 inch. 


DESMOCERUS, Serv. 

D. pailliatus, Korst., is found on the elder (Sambucus) in July. It 
is a very showy beetle, with narrow head, deeply impressed above, bell- 
shaped prothorax, and faintly costate elytra. Colour blue except the 
base of the elytra, which is broadly orange or yellow. Length, .70-.90 
inch. ‘This insect can be mistaken for no other Longhorn. 


Toxotus, Serv. 

‘‘ This genus is sharply defined by the spurs of the hind tibia, which 
are inserted at the base of a deep excavation instead of at the extreme 
end.”—(Leng.) This character is of easy verification, and is in itself 
sufficient for the separation of Zoxotus from other Lepturoides. A 
modification of Mr. Leng’s table may be used for the Canadian forms. 

A. Elytra striped, black with marginal and discal yellowish vitta. .60— 
SO WEDS Sia st shad Dede svivt tail a: Baar + 2.> lol bloiga., bos ataayEts Ae LA AVELRAL ILS) SAY. 


AA. Elytra unicolorous or nearly so. 


170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


b. Third joint of antennze much longer than the fourth. 

Larger species, legs bicoloured. .76-1.00 in.. Schaumiti, Lec. 
Smaller species, legs unicolored. .40~.60 in. . vestitus, Hald. 
bb. Third joint of antenne but slightly longer than the fourth. 

Tips of elytra obliquely truncate, sub-bidentate. .87—.90 
IDve ees 12S ee . .cylindricollts, Say. 
The name pinins fenlites hee of ‘easel in accordance with 

the synonymy proposed by Mr. Leng. 
Ruacium, Fabr. 


R. lineatum, Oliv., is often common under pine bark or in lumber 
piles. It has scarcely the appearance of being a Longhorn at all, the 
antenne being so short as to usually fail of attaining the base of the 
elytra. The prothorax is much narrower than the elytra, armed on each 
side with a strong spine or acute tubercle. The elytra are narrowed behind, 
sharply costate. In colour the insect is black or nearly so, the prothorax 
appearing gray from the pubescence which clothes it, excepting a smooth 
stripe on each side (including the spine) and one on the median line. The 
elytra are marked by a few reddish or yellowish spots, and the pubescence 
is irregular, giving a mottled appearance. Length, .54-.80 inch. My 
small specimens are from the Lake Superior region, while the large ones 
came from the forests of the mountains of Arizona. 


CENTRODERA, Lec. 


A large species, decolorata, Harr. (Fig. 26), is our 
only representative. The head, prothorax, under sur- 
face and appendages are reddish-brown, the elytra 
lighter. The eyes are more prominent than usual, the 
prothorax shining, nearly smooth at middle, closely 
punctate and somewhat opaque at sides, lateral tubercle 
large and acute. Elytral punctuation coarse at base, 
becoming finer to tip, sides nearly parallel. Mr. Leng 
describes the antenne as “about as long as the body,” 
but they may fall one-third or more shorter. Length, Dh a 
1.20 to 1.25 inch. Rather rare. Found on beech by Mr. Harrington, 


PACHYTA, Serv. 
A. Elytra reticulate with raised smooth lines, the intermediate spaces 
coarsely punctured. Black, subzeneous, antenne, femora and base 
of tibise ferruginous., .51-.64in............9ugipennis, Newm 


RENE Sh rs 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. L7t 


AA. Elytra simply punctured. 

Punctuation finer, surface of elytra finely pubescent, opaque or 
nearly so. Black, legs and antenne often reddish, elytra yellow, 
four spots on each andtip black. .35-.38 in. montico/a, Rand. 

Punctuation coarse, surface of elytra glabrous, shining, colour 
black, elytra sometimes testaceous, or more or less distinctly 
maculate with black. .60-.72 in............iturata, Kirby. 

I am unacquainted with P. rugipfennis, and the description is taken 
from Mr. Leng’s synopsis. /. monticola is to be found on blossoms of 
wild rose, while I have taken /éturata in numbers on piles of sawed pine 
lumber. 

ANTHOPHILAX, Lec. 

Three Canadian species are recorded, only one of which, 4.. atten- 
uatus, Hald., is known to me. The others, 4. viridts, Lec., and A. 
malachitus, Hald., are suspected by Dr. Horn to be respectively the 2 
and g of one species. Following his table they separate thus: all 
belonging to that section of the genus in which the antenne are slender, 
the third joint much longer than the fourth. 

“‘ Elytra coarsely punctate scabrous, more or less metallic. 
Elytra greenish-blue, legs black. .7oin............viridis, 9. 
Elytra cupreo-eneous to blue, legs pale. .52 in....malachitus, 3. 
Elytra testaceous, irregularly maculate with piceous spots. Surface 
coarsely sparsely punctate and with small spaces which are dis- 
tinctly. ‘aeondas median line of thorax distinctly impressed. 

56 in. é , : 3 sr Aee .attenuatus.” 

Mr. W. H. iidactnaton has faker the last eahoned insect at 
Ottawa on beech. 

Acmops, Lec. 

Only two species, pratensis and proteus, are recorded in the Society’s 
lists and additions. I have, however, seen &dzvittata with the label 
“Quebec,” and recently Mr. Chagnon sent a specimen of suzdfilosa as 
coming from Montreal ; Jongicornis is known from the far north of Canada, 
and is included in the subjoined table, which is in the main equivalent 
to those prepared by Dr. Leconte and Mr. Leng. 

A. Front and mouth much prolonged, body moderately robust, pro- 
thorax bell-shaped, sides sinuate but not tuberculate. Black, 
elytra variable, either blackish, reddish or clouded, occasionally 
indistinctly vittate. .24-.34 IN.,...1++ «+++» pratensis, Laich. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


od. 
~I 
tw 


AA, Front not greatly prolonged. 

b. Body short and stout, antenne thicker, hind tarsi stout, the joints 
1-3 equally pubescent beneath. Prothoracic tubercle distinct, 
elytra closely punctured. Colour varying from entirely black 
to almost entirely testaceous ; or the thorax may be yellowish 
while the elytra are black. Typical form has yellowish 
elytra, each with two black stripes. .24-.36 in..dzvittata, Say. 

bb. Body more slender, antenne more delicate, hind tarsi slender, 

pubescence wholly or in part lacking beneath on second and 

sometimes on first joint. 

c. Disk of prothorax convex, slightly channeled, densely 
punctured. . 

Prothorax longer than wide, elytra rather sparsely 

punctured, pubescence short and scant. Colour 

extremely variable, black to testaceous, elytra often 


vittate. .36-.44 In..............longicornis, Kby. 
Prothorax broader than long; blackish, pubescence 
very long. .36-.44 in.......... .. subpilosa, Lec. 


cc. Disk of prothorax flattened behind and prolonged into two 
dorso-lateral tubercles. Colour variable, blackish to 
testaceous, legs variable, but apparently with the base 
of the femora at least ee rufous. .24- 
236. MN 6-3 2 bare . proteus, Kirby. 

While definite information is fetking| it 1s aiebenie that A. proteus 
and A. pratensis breed in pine, since they are so frequently found on 
piles of pine lumber. A. divittata (Fig. 27) is to be collected on flowers 
of Anemone pennsylvanica. Mr. Leng calls the punctuation “sparse,” 
but it is rather close and coarse. 

GAUROTES, Lec. 

G. cyanipennis, Say, is readily known by its bril- 
liant colour. The body is black, shining often with a 
purplish tinge, the elytra bright green, polished, the 
antenne, legs and mouth-parts yellowish. The head 
is distinctly but sparsely punctured, the prothorax al- 
most smooth except at sides, the elytral punctuation 
very distinct but widely separated. Length, .36-. 40 in. Fins: F) 

In Wisconsin I found this insect almost confined to Sumac blossoms, 
Tt is said to have been found ovipositing on butternut, 


—— 


—_— 


SA gi Pe toe es ch ite i bee 


oe 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17S 


Encyciops, Newm. 

£. ceruleus, Say, belongs here. It is smaller than most of the 
Lepturoides, and of slender parallel form, the elytra scarcely tapering to 
tip. The head is broad, squarish, the constriction far behind the eyes. 
Lateral thoracic tubercle distinct. Colour usually blue, varying to greenish, 
legs testaceous, antenne with the bases of the joints (especially the 
distal ones) more or less testaceous. Punctuation strong, rugose. 
.28-.32. inch. 


FOOD PLANTS OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspipiorus PER- 
niciosus) IN OHIO, EXCLUSIVE OF FRUIT TREES. 


BY F, M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. 


The following list includes forest and ornamental trees and shrubs, 
upon which the San José scale has been found breeding in Ohio*. 
Nearly all of these have been found either by myself or my assistant, Mr. 
C. W. Mally, in sufficient numbers to indicate that the insect might 
thrive on any of them. The Cotoneaster was sent for inspection, it hav- 
ing been recently received from a Long Island nursery firm, and when 
received was literally covered with the scale : 


Grape, Vitis labrusca. Willow (imported), Sad:x verminalis. 
Linden, Z7/ia Americana. Cut-leafed Birch, BetuZa, sp. 
European Linden, 77/ia Europea. Lombardy Poplar, Populus dilatata. 
Sumac, Rhus glabra. Carolina Poplar, P. monilifera. 
Japan Quince, Pyrus japonica. Golden-leaf Poplar, P. Van Geertz. 
Cotoneaster, C. frigidum. Catalpa, C. speciosa. 

Flowering Peach, Prunus, sp. Chestnut, Castanea sativa. 
Flowering Cherry, Prunus, sp. Osage Orange, Maclura aurantiaca. 


American Elm, U/mus Americana. Snowball, Viburnum opulus. 
Black Walnut, /uglans nigra. 


To these must be added the several varieties of roses, currants, 
gooseberries and raspberries. The Early Richmond cherry I believe to 
be exempt from attack, as I have found trees whose branches interlocked 
with those of a pear that had been killed by the scale, yet the cherry was 
uninfested ; and in two cases that came under my observation, where this 
variety of cherry had been grafted upon mahaleb stock, and shoots had 
sprung up from below the graft, the shoots were badly infested with scale, 
while none at all could be found on the trees themselves. 


*The determinations have been kindly verified by Dr. L. O. Howard, of the 
Division of Entomology, Department of Agriculture, Washington, and his assistants. 


174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


THE HIND WINGS OF THE DAY BUTTERFLIES. 
BY A, RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 

I wish to offer here a few remarks on the structure of the hind wings 
of the diurnals especially, in extension of my recent paper on the Butter- 
flies of Hildesheim.* 

The first point relates to the fact that the hind wings are more 
specialized as compared with the primaries. The probable explanation I 
offer is, that the hind wings bear more of the weight of the body 
(abdomen), and that they regulate the downward stroke of the fore wings. 
A parallel suggests itself with the vertebrates in which the hind legs are 
more specialized ; and the cause is then, in both cases, a mechanical one. 
This specialization in the hind wings of the day butterflies manifests 
itself primarily in the inequality of the wings, of which the secondaries 
have the Radius 1 branched, the primaries 3 to 5 branched. In the 
second place by an advance over the front wings in the process of the 
absorption of the median veins, so that the radius or cubitus of the 
secondaries draws the branches nearer to itself than the corresponding 
vein of the primaries. Vein IV,, in the case where its condition is 
not permanently generalized (Lycaenide, Riodinide, Hesperiide),. is 
thus usually more drawn out of its original central position on the 
secondaries ; it submits also first to degeneration (Hesperizde) on the 
hind wings, showing that here the cross vein has degenerated for a 
longer period than in the primaries, isolating the vein and depriving 
it of nourishment over a longer ancestral line. The cross vein itself 
vanishes first on the secondaries. Here the cell may be open, all trace 
of the scar vanished (Araschina, Melitea), while on the fore wings the 
degenerate vein is present, closing the cell. ; 

The progress in the evolution of the neuration is evidently taking 
place in identical directions on both wings. The generalized condition 
of the radius (it being 5-veined) of the primaries in Papilio gives way 
to a specialized condition (4-veined) in Parnassius, with an intermediate 
5-veined state in Zfazs, in which latter the upper branch of the median 
series, vein IV, which has left the cross vein to emerge from the radius 
in Parnassius, leaves the cross vein near the upper angle of the cell. 

The absorption of the veins is everywhere attended by the same 
indications of a physiological process which, in its external manifesta- 
tions, it is easy to trace. Itis the same with veins II. and III. of the hind 


*Mittheilungen a. d. Roemer Museum, No. 8, Feb., 1897. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. bo 


wings. The greater the extent of absorption of II. by III. (the radius), from 
the base of the secondaries outwardly, the more specialized is the form. 
In the Zimenztini (Vymphaline) the absorption is carried forward to the’ 
point of issue of the rudiment of I.,so that the subfamily Vymphaline 
may apparently be separated from the Argynnine by this character. 
While I have in various places in my paper correctly stated the change in 
the position of II. and III., owing to this basal fusion of the two veins, 
I have in others written .of a withdrawal of I. towards the point of 
junction of II. and III., which, in fact, is the reverse of what takes place, 
although the effect seems the same. I. probably remains constant, or 
nearly so; in the cases where it is reduced to a mere scar it seems still 
to occupy the same relative position on vein II, It is extinguished by 
absorption. At the same time the fusion of II. and III. constantly 
changes in extent. In low forms, such as Leptidia, the two veins seem 
wholly separate at the base of the wing. In Argynnis, which is the 
lowest Nymphalid I have examined, the fusion at base is very limited, 
whereas in the highest Nymphalids the fusion is carried up to the point 
of issuance of I. In the Pierids the fusion is generally limited, and 
here, as I have pointed out in my essay, they lag behind the Nymphalids. 
The extent of the absorption is everywhere the measure of the special- 
ization. 

The last point to which I would here draw attention is the junction 
of the cross vein on hind wings with IV,, or rather V,. Here the 
Pierids have again lagged behind, the cross vein reaching IVs, although 
the portion of the base of IV;, between the junction of the cross vein 
and V,, must be held to belong to the cross vein, In the Parargine 
and Vymphalide the cross vein is withdrawn to the point of issuance 


of V, The lower Meadow Browns agree with the Zimmnadide and 
Pieride in the position of the cross vein of secondaries. In the 
Riodinide (I have only examined the type) the cross vein is specialized 
as in the Nymphalids, while it is slightly removed outwards in the 
Thecline and Lycenine. Where the cross vein fails to meet the point of 
issuance of vein V,, lying outside of it, we must describe IV, as issuing 
from the cross vein, to which the base of 1V,; morphologically belongs. 

A study of both fore and hind wings shows that on both the same pro- 
cesses are repeated, but the initial impetus for the changes seems to be 
always given by the hind wings. It is as if a wave passed over the 
wings, coming from the hind pair and breaking over the primaries, 
carrying these frail creatures further along their airy paths into their 
unknown future. 


176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


FURTHER NOTES ON SECTIONS OF AUGOCHLORA. 

BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 
Since my note on the Mexican bees of the genus Axugochlora 
was published I have been informed by Prof. Cockerell that he would 
not reply in this journal, but probably elsewhere. This conclusion seems 
to me to be remarkable, but I shall take this occasion to say what more 
I have to say on the subject and then leave it. . 

When I suggested two sections of Augochlora, in Trans. Am. Ent. 
Soc. XX., 147, I did not base my conclusion on the hind spurs alone, but 
because the two sets of species also agreed in other characters. I was 
too well acquainted with the characters of Hfa/ictus to suppose that a 
valid section of Augoch/ora could be maintained unless the spurs of a 
certain form were associated with other characters which indicated 


affinity. For example, adictus coriaceus and H. Forbesii form a natural 
group of the genus and have finely serrate hind spurs. If I remember 
correctly . fuscipennis belongs to the same group, but . parallelus, 
which also has finely serrate spurs, does not. The sections of 
Augochlora, as 1 formed an idea of them at the time I mentioned them, 
might be defined as follows : 

1. Slender species, having the sides of truncation of metathorax 
rounded above ; hind spur of @ finely serrate ; ventral segments of ¢ 
not metallic, or more or less metallic medially. 

z. More robust species, having sides of truncation sharp; hind 
spurs of ? with 4-5 long teeth; basal ventral segments of ¢ metallic. 

These characters belong to the species I indicated as coming in 
these sections, but it does not necessarily follow that other species with 
the same spur forms belong to either of them. Thus 4. sp/endida, with 
basal fasciz on second and third abdominal segments, may not belong to 
my second section. 

That Prof. Cockerell did not know that the peculiar spur forms 
were secondary sexual characters of the females is shown by his failure to 
indicate the fact in the table; by his insisting that 4. viriduda and A. 
fervida could not belong to the second group on account of their spurs ; 
by the use of the terms ‘ciliate or simple,” which I think were taken 
from the males ; and by his comparison of types through Col. Bingham. 
Smith’s male types were referred to the first group without regard to any 
except their spur characters, which were of no value. If the types of 
A. aspasia, A. aurora and A. splendida had been males these species 
would have been referred to the first so-called subgenus ; in other words, 
the author could not tell to which one of his own subgenera an 
Augochlora belonged. He failed to indicate valid characters of any 
natural group of Axgochlora, and, in fact, showed that he had no idea 


of them. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1 


~J 
J 


SUCCESSFUL COLLECTING AT ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON, ON’. 

I herewith give a full list of the Lepidoptera new to the Society’s 
collection, taken by Mr. J. W. Bice at electric light during the season of 
1896. 

Mr. Anderson and I picked out from amongst Mr. Bice’s captures 
of about 2,000 mounted specimens of good material what seemed to be 
new to us; and after comparison with named specimens, or illustrations, 


having failed to recognize them, they were laid aside for others more 
competent than we to decide upon them. 


I am greatly indebted to Dr. J. B. Smith for the patient endurance, 
amidst his multitude of professional duties, with which he attended to 
and promptly returned a number of small lots sent to him by mail—the 
unreasonable demands of the U.S. customs officer at the boundary line 
prohibiting their being sent in bulk by express, and thus increasing the 
labour connected with it. And not only for the names of the specimens, 
but also for interesting and instructive remarks upon many of the species; 
Dr. Hulst also assisting me with the Geometers. Most of those new 
the collection were in single specimens of their kind, and Mr. Bice has 
generously donated them to the Society. 

The names and their sequence are in accordance with Dr. Smith’s 
list of 1891. 

Protoparce carolina, Linn. 

Cisthene unifascia, G. & R. 

Lithosia bicolor, Grote. 

Parorgyia parallela, G. & R. 

Oedemasia badia, Pack. 

Acronycta dactylina, Grote. 

Acronycta impressa, Walk. 

Cerma cora, Hub. Upon this species, Dr. Smith remarks: “ Dis- 
tinctly rare.” 

Semiophora tenebrifera, Walk. 

Agrotis catherina, Grote. 

Pachnobia salicarum, Walk. 

Dicopis muralis, Grote. 

Dicopis Thaxterianus, Grote. Dr. Smith says: ‘‘ Very good indeed, 
not in my collection.” 


178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Eutolype bombyciformis, Smith. 

Eutolype Rolandi, Grote. 

Mamestra assimilis, Morr. 

Hadena passer, Guen. 

Hadena indirecta, Grote. Dr. Smith remarks: ‘Quite a new 
locality for this species. I have it from British Columbia and the Rocky 
Mountain region, but have never had it from anywhere near you.” 

Hadena diversicolor, Morr. 

Taeniocampa vegeta, Morr. 

Homoglea hircina, Morr. 

Cucullia florea, Guen. 

Heliothis (Chloridea) rhexia, S. & A. 

Galgula hepara, Grote. I took my first specimen of this insect in July, 
1896, and sent it to Prof. Fernald, under'the impression that it was a 
Tortricid, who kindly named it for me; Mr. Bice’s specimen was so dis- 
similar that I did not recognize it. 

Homoptera Woodii, Groie. 

Palthis asopialis, Guen. 

Brotis vulneraria, Hub. 

Semiothisa dislocaria, Pack. 

Boarmia pampinaria, Guen. 

Eubyia cupidaria, Grote. 

Besides those altogether new, there were many interesting and 
unexpected varieties of common things brought to view by Mr. 
Bice’s collection; which when disclosed were quite surprising to one 

not familiar with the extent and direction variation may go in some 


species, emphasizing with special force what Dr. Skinner gives in 
the subjoined extract as his experience with the butterflies : 


“When I commenced my collection I was satisfied to have a 
single pair to represent the species, but now I cannot get enough 
individuals to represent all manner and kinds of variation brought 
about by natural causes. In the past I, therefore, knew this species 
or that, but now in many of our genera I nearly get brain fever 
in trying to determine where a species begins or ends.” 


———— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179 


BOOK NOTICES. 
THE Parasitic DISEASES OF PoULTRY; by Fred V. Theobald, A. M., 
F, E. S.; 12 mo., pp. 120. Gurney & Jackson: 1 Paternoster Row, 
London, 1896. 


It is encouraging to see a growing interest in applied entomology in 
England, and Mr. Theobald has given, in this handy little volume, a popu- 
lar account of not only insect parasites but all other parasitic troubles 
likely to confront the poultry breeder. Not only is the little manual 
especially fitted for the wants of such, but it will doubtless find its way to 
the library of many other gentlemen who rely upon their estates to furnish 
fowls for their tables. The book is divided into several parts, relating to 
protozoan parasites, insect parasites, mite parasites, worm parasites, and 
vegetable parasites. Besides containing twenty-three illustrations, 
appendix I. gives a list of the parasites of Gad/us domesticus, with the part 
of the fowl attacked by them; appendix II. a quite full bibliography of 
the literature of the subject, whicn, with a very complete index, renders 
the volume of scientific as well as practical value, and Americans will find 
it of interest to them as well as Englishmen. We wish Mr. Theobald suc- 
cess in his efforts to add to the practical entomological literature of his 
people. ; BNE NN 


UBER DIE PALPEN DER RHOPALOCEREN. Ein Beitrag zur Erkenntnis der 
Verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen unter den ‘agfaltern; mit 6 
Tafeln: von Dr. Enzio Reuter. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennacize. 
Tom. XXII., No. 1. Helsingfors, 1896. 


Entomologists in general, and lepidopterists in particular, will be 
interested in this work of Dr, Reuter’s, occupying as it does a folio 
volume of 577 pages, the investigations, upon which the facts are chiefly 
based, requiring the examination of 3,557 palpi, belonging to 670 species, 
contained in 302 genera of the Rhopalocera. The work is divided into 
two parts: the first dealing with the direct microscopical examinations in 
descriptive form, while in the second is given the conclusions based on 
the same, as well as a discussion of other taxonomic characters allied to 
those brought out by himself, and their values. The plates are very fine, 
and the sixth of especial interest generally, as it presents, in the form of an 
evolutional tree, the relations of the various groups and genera to each 
other. 


180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


RMS ELIS Se yy ae 


Dr. Reuter calls attention to the fact that at the base of the basal 
joint on the inner side of the palpi of butterflies is found a clearly dis- 
tinguishable, naked spot, which he proposes to term the basal spot, on 
the surface of which are fine grooves and ridges as well as sparsely 
placed fovez, and great numbers of peculiar, subconical, hairy rugosities. 
These last, though occurring normally in the Diurnals, and especially in 
the Nymphalide, and being clearly distinguishable with a low power lens, 
have formerly remained unknown, or if known have not been mentioned 
in entomological literature. 

These ridges were by Landois considered as stridulating organs, and 
the two last structures in analogy with those observed by Kreeplin, Forel, | 
Hauser, and others, on the antenne of various insects and looked upon as 
being sense organs ; but whether the peculiar structures in question 
served to convey the sense of smell, or, perhaps, some'other and nearly 
related sense, is still an open question. 

The Rhopalocera especially, of all the lepidoptera, have a special 
interest, because in them these cones present the greatest variations in 
form and.are here the most highly developed. 

Through further research, Dr. Reuter was convinced that a thorough 
study of the palpi, and especially of the basal spot, would afford a not 
inconsiderable basis for a knowledge of the family affinities of the individ- 
ual genera and groups contained in the Rhopalocera, and he therefore 
determined to direct his especial attention to them, extending his studies 
over all of the families, and where possible over the smaller groups, as 
also to study the material at his disposal from a direct and thoroughly 
morphological point of view. F. M. W. 


Ovipostrion oF DoryroMUS SQUAMOSUS (Lec.). 


This is a very common beetle upon cottonwood in Colorado, but I 
have never known anything of its injuries until recer tly, when I had the 
good fortune to come upon 4 female preparing a burrow for her eggs in a 
terminal flower bud. When first observed she had %er beak in the side 
of the bud up to hereyes. The twig was broken frongthe tree and carried 
in the hand without in the least disturbing the work @f the beetle. After 
about ten minutes she removed her beak, turned, quickly about and 
applied the tip of her abdomen to the hole she had made. After remain- 
ing in this position for about two minutes she ejected a small amount of a | 
dark brown, thick liquid, which completely covered and hid the opening 
in the bud. This done she walked away. 

The bud contained the catkin of a staminate flower which was nearly 
ready to burst forth, and immediately beneath the puncture in the bud 
scales. on the axis of inflorescence, were found three eggs lying close 
together. 

The eggs were light yellow in colour, with a very thin; flexible shell, 
and although somewhat irregular in shape, measured about .85 mm. in 


length by .5 mm. in breadth. ,. C.P, GILLETTE. 


oie ha Fs Res A I 
Mailed July 8th, 1897. 


CaN. ENT., VOL. XXIX. PLATE 7. 


NORTH AMERICAN GOMPHINAE. 


BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. vf 


(Continued from page 168.) 


Herpetogomphus pictus, n. sp. Male.-—Ithaca, N. Y. 

Length, 49 mm.; abdomen, 35; hind wing, 27. 

Green and brown, varied with black and yellow. 

Face and frons above entirely yellow ; a broad black band between the eyes, 
including the ocelli ; antenna: black, the extreme rim of their cuplike insertions yellow. 
Occiput yellow, its border convex, ciliated with black. Rear of eyes brown, paler 
externally, 

Prothorax fuscous, with a median twin spot greenish. 

Thorax bright green, very thinly clad with brownish hairs, and faintly striped with 
brown. Dorsal and both lateral stripes subobsolete. Humeral stripe complete, 
irregular ; antehumeral, isolated above, and separated from the humeral by a narrow 
green line. Subalar and antealar carinz brown. 

Wings hyaline, flavescent at the base. Membranule minute, pale; stigma brown ; 
veins black ; costa faintly yellow externally. 

Femora straw yellow, lineated with black internally and each with a subapical 
incomplete ring of black. Tibiz black, each with an external straw yellow line. 
Tarsi black; hind tarsi with a yellowish mark on the second and third segments 
superiorly. 

Abdomen brown with transverse apical rings of black on segments 2 tog; addi- 
tional transverse lines of black on segments 3 to 7, at one-third the length of the 
segments. A middorsal yellow line, diffuse on segments 3 to 6, sharply bordered with 
black on 7 tog. Apex of segment 10 and sides of 8 and g (except extreme lateral 
margin, which is black) and appendages yellow, 

Superior appendages scarcely longer than the toth segment, clad with blackish 
hairs Seen from above they are divergent half their length, then parallel to their blunt 


*An unfortunate misarrangement of the table for nymphs crept in at 
the end of the last paper. The two paragraphs immediately preceding 
the last one on page 168 both relate to Sty/urus. They should there- 
fore be consolidated and preceded by 7. 

Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell has promptly and very kindly called my 
attention to an oversight in proposing the name Orcus, which is pre- 
occupied, I replace it with Arigomphus. 


182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


tips. Seen from the side they are thickest at the base and are gradually thinned and 
slightly declined to their truncate tips, beneath which are three or four rows of minute 
black denticles, extending more than half way to the base, Inferior appendage bifid 
for nearly half its length, the branches slightly divergent, truncate a little obliquely on 
tip, bent up at an angle with the declined basal portion, and bearing on each supero- 
lateral margin a broad quadrangular elevation just before the obtuse apex. 

The appendages of the 2nd segment are very similar to those of O. carolus. 
(See plate.) 

Two ¢s from Ithaca in the Cornell University collection, One ¢ 
collected by Mr. J. O. Martin, at Ithaca, June 7th, 1897. A handsome 
species. 


- The occurrence of a Herpetogomphus at Ithaca was quite unex- 
pected. All other species of the genus are from the extreme west and 
southwest. ‘This one is related to 1. e/aps, Selys, of Mexico. 

Ophiogomphus johannus,n sp. Male.—Wilmurt, N. Y. 

Length, 43 mm.; abdomen, 30; hind wing, 26, 

Black and yellow. 

Labrum pale with a narrow brown margin which is broadened laterally. Face 
yellow ; rear of frons and vertex except the rear black. Occiput yellow, its margin 
ciliated with black, 

Thorax yellow, with thin brownish hairs; a narrow middorsal fuscous stripe 
subobsolete anteriorly, forking above with the carina to unite on either side with the 
fused humeral and antehumeral stripes, which are separated by a narrow yellow line 
only in their middle portion. Sides yellow, with an incomplete fuscous stripe on the 


Ist and a complete narrow one on the 2nd lateral sutures, and with fuscous markings 
above the bases of the legs. 


Wings hyaline (immature). 

Legs fuscous ; front femora paler below. 

Abdomen black, marked with yellow as follows: Sides of segments I and 2, 
except behind auricles ; two lateral spots on 2 to 7; sides of 8 and 9, except the inferior 
margin ; apical half of 10; a maculose middorsal line reduced to very narrow basal 
spots on 5 to 8, wanting on 9, 

Superior appendages slightly longer than 10, yellowish, darker at the tip, cylindric, 
moderately divaricate and equally narrowed in their apical fourth to an acute tip. Seen 
from the side they are a little angulated near the base and beyond this point irregularly 
denticulate beneath to a point just before the tip, where they are suddenly contracted 
from below upward, leaving the point at the upper side. 

Inferior appendage bifid almost to its base, its branches straight, cylindric, about 
as long as superiors and twice as stout, almost as divergent, each apparently forked 
by reason of a very large external upturned tooth at two-fifths of its length; at the 
extreme apex another stout upturned tooth. (For genital hamules see plate.) 


A single ¢, with its cast skin, from Wilmurt, N. Y., in the Cornel] 
University collection, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183 


Ophiogomphus carolus, n. sp. Male and female.—Ithaca, N. Y. 

Length, 40-42 mm.; abdomen, 28-31; hind wing, 24-26 

Greenish-yellow and blackish-brown. 

Face greenish-yellow, paler toward the mouth, Rear of frons and vertex except 
the rear, black. Occiput yellow, its slightly convex margin ciliated with long black 
hairs. In the female there is generally in front of the margin a pair of black-tipped 
spines, whose various development is shown in plate, figs. 1 to 4. These sometimes 
occupy the margin which then becomes notched between them. Rear of eyes black 
above, mottled with paler below. 

Prothorax blackish, its hind lobe with a median twin spot and a lateral spot each 
side yellow. 

Thorax greenish, its dorsal stripes fused, enveloping the carina and forking with it 
above to meet the humeral. Antehumeral stripe isolated above, sometimes meeting the 
humeral near its upper end, but well separated through most of its length by a narrow 
greenish line, A partial brown line on the Ist lateral suture and a narrow complete 
one on the 2nd, 

Legs black, front femora paler below. 

Wings hyaline, often flavescent at base, costa black ; stigma cinereous. 

Abdomen cylindric, a little narrower in its middle two-thirds, superiorly blackish 
with a maculose yellowish middorsal line of lanceolate spots on segments 3 to 7, of 
quadrangular basal spots on 8 and 9. Inferiorly, whitish with fuscous apical spots on 
most of the segments. Ten yellow; fuscous at both ends, 


Male appendages : superiors, longer than the roth segment, cylindric ; seen from 
above, with acute apices divergent ; seen from side, fusiform, with truncate apices, 
denticulate beneath for one-third their length. Inferior appendage (see plate, fig. 7) 
bifid by a rounded notch, each branch somewhat flattened with four distal angles 
(as shown in the figure) or sometimes with only two (merely obliquely truncate); 
always with an upturned tooth at the outermost angle, sometimes with another at the 
innermost. 


The genital hamules are shown at fig. 6 in the plate. These appear to be quite 
constant in form, 


Female appendages fuscous, longer than 10; anal segment as long as the roth. 
Vulvar lamina about as long as the 9th segment; bifid except basal fourth, the branches 
enclosing an oval notch beyond ‘which their incurved apices meet and then abruptly 
separate in short, oval, divergent points. 

Described from more than seventy bred specimens (some of which 
will find their way into the collections of all my correspondents), from a 
single Q in the Cornell University collection, and from five specimens 
captured in May by Mr. Chester Young and Mr. J. O. Martin. I 
collected nymphs in October which emerged on my table in March. It 
was easy to collect the nymphs by hundreds in April, and in May the 
banks of the waters they frequented were fairly covered with exuvie. 
Yet, outside of my breeding cages I saw but one live imago, notwith- 


18+ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


standing I was doing much collecting at all times and iu all places con- 
sidered favourable. Where were they ? 

I have recently bred A. willosipes, Selys, by scores, and I find its 
exuvie sticking to every bank about Ithaca, yet I have not seen a single 


imago at large. The imagoes, where are they ? 

Arigomphus australis, n. sp. Male.—Gotha, Fla. 

Length, 52 mm.; abdomen, 39; hind wing, 27. 

Black and olive. 

Face yellow with dense black pubescence. 

A black stripe across base of labrum and another across the anterior margin of the 
frons. Rear of frons and whole of vertex black. Occiput yellow, convex, ciliate with 
black. Rear of eyes black above, yellow below. 

Prothorax black with a median twin spot and a larger spot each side yellow, 

Thorax olivaceous, striped with brown as follows: Dorsal stripes fused to form a 
cuneiform dorsal spot, not reaching the base, and narrowly divided with yellow along 
the extreme summit of the carina. Its narrow upper end is met by the strongly incurved 
antehumeral stripes, which are well separated from the narrower humeral stripes. 
Narrow but distinct stripes on both lateral sutures. 

Legs black, Front femora pale within. 

Wings hyaline, costa yellow, stigma brown, Veins black. Hind wing chalky 
near anal margin. 

Abdomen long, slender. Segments 3 to 6 cylindric, narrower than terminal 
segments, entirely black, Remaining segments black, marked with yellow as follows : 
Sides of 1 and 2; dorsal lanceolate spots on 7 and 8; sides of 7 apically, and sides of 
8 to 10 entirely yellow, 8 one-half longer than 9. Superior appendages about equalling 
10, pale brown, divaricate at a right angle, Seen from above the inner margin is 
straight, the outer margin ends ina stout tooth, beyond which it is cut toa long acute 
point. Seen from the side each is gradually narrowed to a pointed apex, with a large 
acute tooth directly under the basal fourth, not visible at all from above, Inferior 
appendage with branches more divaricate, shorter, very little upcurved, ending under 


- 


the apex of the lateral tooth. 

One finely coloured ¢ taken by Mr. Adolph Hempel, in Orange 
Co., Fla., on the 21st of April, 1897. 

At the same time Mr. Hempel took a Progomphus obscurus, Ramb., 
with its skin, in transformation. While the nymph was known by fair 
supposition, it appears-not to have been reared before. 

Mr. Hempel sent me also a nymph of the extraordinary type 
referred by Hagen (Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., XII, 277, 1885) to dphylla 
producta, Selys. It is time for someone to find the imago in Florida. 

Gomphus umbratus, n, sp. Male and female. —Ithaca, N. Y. 

Length, 50-54 mm.; abdomen, 35-39; hind wing, 30-32. 


Brown and olive, variable, 


—_- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 


Face yellow, washed with brown in indistinct lines across the base of the labium 
and close under the frontal prominence. ear of frons above and whole of. vertex 
brown. Antenne black. Occiput yellow, its hind margin convex (male and female), 
ciliated with black. 

Prothorax variable, but always showing_a median twin spot of yellow. 

Thorax érown with a pair of nearly parallel dorsal stripes of yellowish-green, each 
sending at its lower end a spur against the carina, and at its upper end another spur 
around the isolated upper end of the antehumeral stripe of brown. Humeral and ante- 
humeral stripes of brown fused at lower end and near the upper end, and sometimes all 
the way between. Brown stripes of the lateral sutures overspreading the area between 
them, or sometimes the sides of the thorax wholly brown. 

Femora brown, with numerous Jong spines in females. Tibi black, with a 
yellowish external line on each. Tarsi black. 

Wings hyaline ; their basal articulation and stigma rich brown when fully coloured. 
Costa yellow externally, veins black. 

Abdomen cylindric in the female, slightly narrowed between the ends in the male, 
fuscous ; basal fourth of middle segments paler and including a yellowish spot inferiorly. 
Middorsal stripe of yellow continuous at the base, reduced to lanceolate spots on 
segments 4 to 8, on 8 very short, on 9 wanting, 10 with a yellow spot in the female, 
uniform olive-brown in the male. 

Male superior appendages flattened, a little arched. Seen from above the inner 
margin is nearly straight ; at two-thirds their length they are cut obliquely to forma 
long point with an obtuse angle on the external margin Seen from the side a low 
obtuse lobe appears on the interno-inferior carina just beyond the external angle. 
Inferior appendages a little shorter, more divergent and strongly upcurved at apices. 

Female vulvar lamina transverse, one-third as long as wide, notched in the middle. 

Described from seventeen specimens (14 males and three females), 
several of them bred, all obtained at Ithaca, N. Y., in May. A common 
species ; next to G. descriptus, Banks, perhaps the commonest of the 
season; more variable in coloration than any other Gomphine I have 
seen. 

Stylurus segregans, 0. sp. Male —Havana, III. 

Length, 61 mm.; abdomen, 44 ; hind wing, 35. 

_Face yellowish. Frons yellow, infuscated superiorly. A narrow fuscous stripe in 
front of ocelli, Frons and the ridge-like elevations behind each lateral ocellus pilose 
with soft black hairs. Occiput yellow, its border straight, ciliated with stiff black hairs. 

Thorax fuscous; dorsum with two isolated lateral yellow stripes, divergent anteriorly. 
A narrow antehumeral line and a broad stripe down the middle of each of the lateral 
sclerites, yellow. 

Legs brownish, paler internally, with black spinules. Claws pale, with apex and 
inferior tooth black. 

Wings hyaline. 

Abdomen fuscous, marked with yellow as follows : Dorsum of segment 1, 2 line on 


2, basal middorsal spots on 3 to 8, extreme apex of 8, sides of 1 and 2, basal lateral 
spot on 3 to 7, sides of 7 and § except extreme lateral margin and apex, and all of 10. 


186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Male superior appendages yellowish-brown, much longer than 10, divaricate at 
almost a right angle, slightly incurved toward the tip and cut obliquely to form an obtuse 
external angle at two-thirds their length, and a supero-internal point. The 
bevelled portion is minutely denticulate opposite the apices of the inferior appendage. 
No teeth or spines. The inferior appendage is bifid half its length with branches 
strongly divergent and strongly upcurved, their apices resting outside the bevelled 
portion of the superiors. Posterior genital hamule simple; pointed, directed forward at 
an angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the abdomen, 

Name refers to its extremely local occurrence. 


The single imago was obtained by Mr. C. A. Hart and myself, by 
rearing anymph which we found crawling from the water upon bur-rush 
leaves, 23rd June, 1896, in the mouth of Quiver Creek. I obtained 
several exuvize there, and several Others later at McHairy’s mill-dam 
some miles further up. 

The nymphs of this and of the preceding species will be described 
in a forthcoming bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural 
History. 

Since this paper was written, I have obtained at Ithaca, N. Y., 
nymphs which can be none other than Dromogomphus spinosus, Selys. 
They fall in the same section of the table with Avzgomphus, Stylurus and 
Gomphus, from all which they are distinguished by a sharp middorsal 
longitudinal ridge, ending in a straight apical spine on the gth abdominal 
segment. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7. 

Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.—The occiput of the female of Ophiogomphus 
carolus, seen from the front, showing variations in occipital spines. 

Fig. 5.—Genital hamules of Ophiogomphus johannus from the left 
side, inverted. Z 

Fig 6.—Do. of Ophiogomphus carolus. 

Fig. 7.—Inferior abdominal appendage of QO. caro/us seen from 
below. 

Fig. 8.—Head of nymph of Zanthus parvulus, seen from above and 
in front. 


Fig. o —Mentum of labium of do. from above. 

Fig. 10 —End of abdomen of do. 

Fig. t1.—End of abdomen of Gomphus fraternus, nymph. 
Fig. 12.—Part of labium of do. 

Fig. 13.—End of abdomen of Arigomphus pallidus, nymph. 
Fig. 14.—Part of labium of do. 

Fig. 15.—End of abdomen of Stylurus segregans, nymph. 
Fig. 16.—Part of labium of do. 


s 


—S" 


) 
‘ 
; 


{HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187 


THE - COLEOPTERA. OF CANADA. 
BY H, F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
XXVI. THE CERAMBYCID2 OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.—( Continued. ) 
BELLAMIRA, Lec. 


With this genus begins a series of beetles in which the neck is 
longer than in Zxcyclops, owing to the constriction of the head being 
near the eyes. J. sca/aris, Say, is a very fine insect, varying in length 
from .75 to 1.20 inch. The form is slender, the elytra tapering greatly 
to and rounded at tip, deeply sinuate at sides, the tip of the abdomen 
uncovered. The prothorax is bell-shaped, with prominent, rather flat- 
tened hind angles. Colour brownish ; most of the head, the greater por- 
tion of the fore and middle legs, the bases of the hind femora and the 
bases and tips of the ventral segments inclining to reddish or even yel- 
lowish. Antenne rufous. Elytra brownish, with a large common, 
lighter (golden-sericeous), wedge-shaped mark (wavy on the edges and 
sometimes interruped at about one-third its length by a transverse 
brownish band) which extends about two-thirds to tip. The body is 
finely and densely, in most places rugosely, punctured, clothed with fine 
golden pubescence, which is much denser on certain parts, notably the 
abdomen. Recorded as breeding in birch, and has been seen oviposit- 
ing in maple stumps. 

STRANGALIA, Serv. 

Includes two extremely elongate slender species, having the general 
form of Lel/amira, but much smaller. .S. dicolor, Swed., is entirely 
rufous except the eyes, the tips of the mandibles, the incisures of some 
of the tarsal joints and the elytra, which are black. Length .48-.56 
inch. \S. /uteicornis, Fabr., is rufo-testaceous or yellowish; the eyes, 
some markings on the under side, a ring at the tip of the hind femora, 
two dorso-lateral stripes on the prothorax, a narrow basal and three 
other transverse bands on the elytra, black. Length .36-.52 inch. 


TYPOcERUS, Lec. 


The impressed poriferous spaces on the antennx, which separate 
this genus from ZLeptura, are to be looked for near the bases of the sixth 
and following joints, appearing as elliptical smoother spots. A good 
plan is to take the common 7? velutinus as a type for examination, 
since in this species they are very distinct, and having once seen them 
their detection is easy in the remaining species. The four Canadian 


188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


forms may be separated by their colour, but it 1s to be remembered that 
the elytral pattern is subject to variation. None of them have the pro- 
thorax strongly rounded on the sides, but the form of this segment is 
campanulate. Excluding the extra-limital forms, those belonging to our 
fauna may be thus known: 

A. Body above and beneath, legs and antenne entirely black, ex- 
cept occasionally a rufescent spot in humeral region. .36-.44 
in, 5. : : SAS . lugubris, Say. 

AA. Body Beneath ieiatte antennze bikekieh ieee black or rufous, 
elytra never entirely black, usually banded. 
b. Legs black. Elytra black with three transverse bands and 
basal spot yellow, the anterior two bands sometimes 
United. at Sutures —. 36-40 Wee) oe bec sparsus, Lec. 
bb. Legs ferruginous. 
Prothorax very coarsely sparsely punctured. Elytra 
black, with basal spot and three transverse bands 
(the anterior two frequently united at suture) yel- 
low. - 240-052 Anch. ...0). 0.0 A. 6 CO ee a 
Prothorax more finely and densely punctured. Elytra 
brownish or reddish, with yellow markings much 
like those of the preceding species, but these 
may be a Ss or even wanting. .40-.56 
inch.. Oe Sba | ears .....velutinus, Oliv. 
T. sebratus (fig. 28) is suitl to mine in ae ene 
It bears considerable resemblance to Lepftura nitens, 
from which it, however, easily separates by the generic 
‘character. Z. sfarsus is unknown to me, and the 
description is taken from Mr. Leng’s table ; velutinus 
is often very abundant on flowers in the summer 
months. 


LEPTURA, Serv. 


This genus is of very large size, and many of the 
species are quite abundant. There is no uniformity of Fic. 28. 
facies to give a ready clue to its separation from allied groups, some of 
the species resembling Strangadia in the shape of the prothorax, while 
others are very different. 

The succeeding synopsis follows those of Dr. Leconte and Mr. 
Chas. W. Leng, with but few changes, chiefly such as are made neces- 
sary by later corrections of synonymy. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189 


Prothorax more or less triangular, or campanulate, widest at base. 
Prothorax nearly quadrate, or else more or less rounded or subcam- 
panulate, usually constricted in front and behind, hind angles not 


prolonged . caer ¢ Renee ten ares Atala an ots int, Dis 
5 Hind angles of prothorax prolonged PER ie th Sh, ME Ry Melee 
Hind angles not prolonged. . ‘Bee Habs . 16. 


. Very large species (1.20 in.), apathoras Soil nataeredk raid the 
base, which is broadly but deeply bisinuate, posterior transverse 
impression distinct. Elytra widest at base, gradually narrowed 
behind, truncate and emarginate at tip, which is not margined. 
Black with velvety pubescence, elytra red, apex black, antenne 
feebly serrate, elytra not sulcate ..............emarginata, Fabr. 

Seaver Mimcevate sized SPEClesn. ....i Ue @amennahw eek ka. are ere 

. Prothorax without distinct transverse Banal impression. Small 
species, elytra sub-parallel at sides, not spotted nor banded, but 
uniformly dark. Prothorax often red, hind angles usually small. ro. 

Prothorax with transverse basal impression often deep. Moderate 
sized species, elytra usually narrowed behind, often very much so, 
and frequently spotted, striped or banded. De ire ot tae 

. Prothorax convex, with the sides much eaitiied in a of the 
middle, a transverse depression at base, hind angles small. Ss 
black and yellow.. : ee U4) 

Prothorax with sides not anaes rdumaeds in coil af ee ntdldle ¢ 26. 

. Prothorax strongly narrowed from the base, usually regularly so... 7. 

Prothorax subcampanulate, transverse basal impression deep, hind 
angles broad, laminate, fourth joint of antenne shorter than usual, 
elytra not banded nor spotted......... BAIS 

. Elytra black or testaceous with black tip. Aparna ith the ied 

fourth and base of fifth ventrals red. Prothorax finely punc- 


tured.’ .48=.520.in. 6s... As . .plebeja, Rand. 
Elytra with black and red or Hallow ee abe Pen ers 
ape ae TNA APE 245, aterm 2 BaF Wi a = a, auaghuar wera a ened © cin. Qs 


Antenne not annulate. Black, elytra very dehiscent, and not nar- 
rowed behind, coarsely punctured, sides of elytra, metathorax and 
abdomen red, thighs red with black tips. .36 in. .cruentata, Hald. 


g. Female reddish-yellow, varied with black beneath, legs more or less 


black ; above with top of head, a discal thoracic stripe or spot, 
scutellum, sutural and side margins and transverse sub-median 
elytral band, black. Male black, base of legs and discal elytra] 


Io. 


II. 


I2. 


13. 


14. 


15. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


s 


vitta. (usually broken), as well as a small spot under the 
humerus, as Antenne annulate in both sexes. .48-.60 
Ae leis 5 bina ei .. subhamata, Rand. 
Bigckiene region of the momth often vellowien, Legs and elytra 
testaceous or yellowish, the latter with sutural discal and lateral 
marginal vitte black. .32—.52 in... i... se. sar ot sas CCOME OMe 
Elytra margined and usually Painded at on ia aie 5 ale 
Elytra not or scarcely margined at tip. Black: oubesuenee ane 
head, legs and first antennal joint sometimes reddish or partly 
SO. .24-.30 in. Sih ma: .subargentata, Kirby. 
Black, elytra blue, aolahed eapsely atl ppariely punctured, antennze 
and legs either black or yellow. .24in.......... chalybea, Hald. 
Black or piceous, head and prothorax often reddish, legs and antennz 
frequently in part yellow........ hed lb ay No loci ape Ope Sea nae 
Elytra shining, very coarsell Buncanen ie subtruncate. Colour 
black, ue black, head and prothorax reddish.  .26-.36 
ins. Aras ets : sa seiey » COPU GIG, Newm. 
Piya. more SAaely punetuneel Pubestente aa white, prothorax and 
head rarely cine at once red or yellow, be: often sepa- 
TALIA OM ., Mipeiea nc el Mee | oles eam aii 
Antenne piceous ; anterior ear: dae hase a mniadion ones yellow: 
ish. Upper surface piceous or (in the var. Aematites, Newm.) the 
prothorax may be reddish. ‘Terminai ventral segment of female 
simple. .16-.24 in. : ti .nana, Newm. 
Antenne piceous, bee jou yallow. ‘Aguero? aanare and the bases 
of middle and hind ones yellow. Terminal segment of female with 
a slight tuberosity near apical margin. Colour piceous or blackish, 
thorax usually with yellow margin. .22-.28 in.....exigua, Newm. 
Black, antennz brownish, legs and tips of abdominal segments 
ferruginous, pubescence golden, so dense as to conceal most of the 
surface colour except on the legs, antennz, tips of abdominal 
segments, middle of prothorax, five elytral bands and the sutural 
Margin;. .40—=1520Niwe- see bie ele pe cells 14 sollte), pls on ee 


Black, antenne and tibize noe reddish, pubescence cinereous, 
not concealing the colour. Elytra yellowish, base, tip and 
two intermediate gee eeerepies) bands black. .31—-.38 
Tite, PEG cache arene Wa ..sexmaculata, Linn. 


Black, soa: sometimes rane or bSuiicetones ‘aiheeee very densely 
coarsely punctured, elytral punctuation less dense. Antennz not 


16. 


17. 


18. 


19. 


20. 


21. 


22, 


23. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191 


annulate, elytra sharply obliquely truncate at tip.  .40-.60 
ils Seah this a eis he Na ett h ate'> «nis SAMMI pli) A MELT ELIA, Sav. 
Antenne annulated al in a Of (CAPER EREEE EE i US Oe 2 LZ 
Antenne not annulated. St ee ent Gh LQ. 


Elytra parallel, elongate, truncate at sii fees ui heal bith transverse 
impression. Colour black, punctuation fine and dense. Legs 
reddish or brownish. .4o in. DRA. & eee ge pea ais, LEG. 

Elytra narrowed from the base. oP ie OR Pei erat see Ee ene eters Cae Ge 

Tips of elytra deeply truncato-emarginate, antenne serrate in he dé. 
Punctuation very coarse and close, sub-confluent. Black, elytra 
usually with large red basal spot, which may extend (in the var. 
erythroptera) over the entire surface. .48-.76 in.. canadensis, Oliv. 

Tips of elytra truncate or feebly emarginate, body of ordinary form, 
not very stout ; punctuation of elytra finer, well separated. Black, 
elytra reddish, abdomen red ¢ or black 9 ........rubrica, Say. 

Tips of elytra nearly rounded, very dehiscent. Form very short and 
stout, head broad, elytra coarsely punctured. Black, elytra often 
with reddish or yellowish . gas stripe or entirely testaceous. 


.36-.48 in. : : sia agans, Oliv. 
Body fennely palion nitbeseent. Blsckish, elytra eee often 
darker at sides. .48-.56 in. varie . chrysocoma, Kby. 
Body only moderately or spisely piheseene ued LSP IO! 


Black, elytra reddish or testaceous, wholly or ae thi aise part. 21. 
Black, elytra black, each with four yellowish spots, thighs pale at 
base. .40-.48 in. ate jt les lle alate oinlas) « AOCLORGLOEE, SLY) 
Elytral margin very desea sinuate Bin viewing “the insect from the 
side). Prothorax with a tolerably well-marked median channel, at 
bottom of which is an abbreviated raised line. Black, elytra 
reddish except at tip, which is rather eet ee he marked 
with a black blotch and truncate. .52—.75 in. ..proxima, Say. 
Elytral margin not deeply sinuate. mike Ech eae Bt DEM eae 


Larger, prothorax with very crafindi edna clannel hice is wide 
behind. Brownish red, elytra paler, with a submarginal dark spot 
near the middle, tip obliquely truncate. .48—.52 in. .diforis, Newm. 


Smaller, prothorax without median channel. Black, elytra red- 
dish to testaceous, ae se eel pur truncate. .40-.48 
in.. ‘ } : Hee . Sanguinea, Lec. 


BioehGras Hacdly nator bcemonly dea not Gousineted behind. 
Seventh and following antennal joints with a raised line beneath, 


192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Black, elytra sometimes (in var. /wridipennis, Hald.) testaceous or 

with the tip alone dark. .32-.52in............mutabilis, Newm. 
Prothorax much, often aa narrowed anteriorly, with or without 
distinct constrictions. ee aay ats 24. 

24. Basal prothoracic constriction very a Sie Siuonety coaneae 26. 

Basal prothoracic constriction feeble or absent.... ...........25. 
25. Prothorax densely punctured, with median smooth line. Neck very 

close to eyes. Black, without markings. .36-.40 in. .pubera, Say. 

Prothorax sparsely punctured, head longer behind the eyes. Usually 

black, elytra with or without a narrow discal yellow vitta. Varies 
to entirely testaceous. .40-.52in................véttata, Oliv. 
26. Black; legs more or less yellow; prothorax (in var. rajficollis, 
Say) sometimes red, nearly smooth, except at base. Antenne 
with tendency to become reddish at tips of joints. .28-.32 
HESS De ta slag eere fate SOR RM. chats ERO Coren sphericollis, Say. 
Black, legs almost entirely yellow in most specimens, prothorax 
occasionally red, finely and sparsely punctured, except at base, 
where it becomes more pronounced. Antenne with the tips of the 
joints more evidently reddish, ee with side margin and long 
discal vitta yellow. .24-.40 in. af Lo saes .. vibex, Newm. 

Probably the only serious difenlty to eoilteant Beathnbee in the use 
of the above table will arise in making the choice between the first two 
divisions; z ¢., 2 and 23. Should doubt arise here the assumption may 
be made that it belongs in the latter, when reference to other thoracic 
characters or to those of colour will soon show if the student is on the 
wrong track. The measurements here, as elsewhere, are in the main 
those of Mr. Leng, though I have frequently extended them, as shown 
by specimens in my own collections. 

With regard to food habits very little can be 
said, so few of the Zesture having been bred ; 
while the perfect insects are commonly found on 
flowers, these give little or no clue to the feeding 
habits of the larve. Mr. Harrington has taken Z. 
subhamata (fig. 29) on oak and also in a beech log, 
while the pupa of Z. canadensis has been found in a 
hemlock stump. Z. z7fens bores, as a larva, in 
black oak, Z. vagans in the yellow birch and 
pignut hickory, Z. proxima has been reared from 


maple. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193 


It will probably be noted that the authorities cited for certain of the 
species are not the same as those in the Check List. The reasons for 
these changes will be found in Mr. Leng’s paper on the genus. Both 
L. nana and ZL. exigua are included in the table, although I am not 
sure that the latter occurs within our limits; the former has been 
recorded by Dr. Hamilton (Can. Ent, XXI., pp. 33 and 108). The 
name zebra is replaced by zétens on the ground of priority ; sphericollis 
has been preferred as the specific and ruficol/is as the varietal name, 
following Mr. Leng. In al! probability Z. /acustris, Casey, described 
from Michigan, will be found in Ontario. It differs by description from 
sanguinea in the much stouter male antenne, and by the apices of the 
elytra being narrowly and obliquely truncate, the truncation sinuate, the 
angles, especially the exterior, very acute and prominent. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPIDERS. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Teminius affinis, n. sp. 

Length @ 13 mm.; ceph. 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; patella plus 
tibia IV. 6 mm. long. Cephalothorax red-brown, darkest around head ; 
mandibles dark red-brown ; legs and palpi yellow-brown, lighter at tips ; 
sternum dark red-brown ; abdomen nearly black above, with faint indica- 
tions of a light median streak, in the base of which is a black spear-mark; 
venter dark gray; spinnerets yellow. Posterior row of eyes straight, 
broader than anterior row ; P. M. E. round, separated by their diameter, 
nearer to each other than to the larger P.S. E.; A. M. E. about half 
their diameter apart, and slightly nearer to the A. S. E. than to each 
other. Legs quite long, no spines above or below on tibia I., and none 
above on tibia IV.; thick scopulas to all tarsi and metatarsi (except IV.). 
Sternum broad ; the abdomen long and narrow; the upper spinnerets 
distinctly two-jointed and: much longer than the lower pair, the second 
joint more than twice as long as wide. The epigynum shows a rounded 
cavity, slightly longer than broad, broader behind than in front, the 
anterior portion paler than the rest; there is a median septum which in 
the fore part is narrow, but quite suddenly broadens at the middle and 
then tapers to the broadly rounded tip. 

One specimen, Brazos Co., Texas. It differs from 7. continentalis, 
Keys, in the larger size, position of eyes, spines on legs, and shape of the 
epigynum. 


194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Thargalia canadensis, n. sp. 


Length 9 7 mm.; ceph. 2.8 mm. long, 2 mm. broad ; patella plus 
tibia IV. 2.8 mm. Cephalothorax reddish yellow-brown, pars cephalica 
biack ; mandibles dark red-brown ; anterior pairs of legs yellowish, hind 
pairs reddish, all femora with a black stripe each side, those on the fore 
pairs are much broader at base, the under side of tibia and metatarsus 
IV. infuscated ; maxille dark brown, pale on margin; sternum reddish; 
cox yellowish ; abdomen black above, paler below, reddish around the 
epigynum, above with a narrow white band near base, and another just 
before the middle, the Jatter rather indented on the median line. Pos- 
terior eye-row procurved, P. M. E. round, over one and one-half their 
diameter apart, closer to the equal P. S. E. Anterior eye-row procurved, 
shorter than the posterior, A. M. E. about as large as P. M. E., about 
once their diameter apart, very much closer to the equal A. S. E., which 
latter are well separated from the P.S. E. Two pairs of spines under 
tibie I. and II. Sternum one and one-fourth. longer than broad, nearly 
as broad in front as at second cox, rounded to the pointed tip. The 
abdomen has a horny basal shield which extends but a short distance on 
the dorsum. The epigynum shows two oval openings marked in front 
by a continuous sinuous ridge. 

One specimen from Ottawa, Canada. (W. H. Harrington.) 
Anyphena fragilis, 0. sp. 

Length ? 5 mm.; ceph. 2 mm. long, 1.3 mm. broad; patella plus 
tibia IV. 1.8 mm. Cephalothorax pale yellowish brown, black around 
eyes, a black line reaching from between the P. M. E. to the indistinct 
dorsal groove. Sometimes the sides are rather more infuscated. Man- 
dibles dark brown, witha pale spot at base; maxille and lip pale, fringed 
with black hair; legs pale whitish, with blackish rings at base, middle, 
and tip of tibia, base and tip of metatarsus and tip of tarsus; the bristles 
are arranged in lines so as to leave smooth spaces. Sternum pale, in- 
fuscated, darker on the sides. Abdomen pale, above with two rows of 
black spots, and some on each side ; venter pale, spinnerets infuscated. 
Cephalothorax not much narrowed in front, radial furrows obscure, 
P. M. E. about twice their diameter apart, scarcely closer to the equal 
P.S. E. A, M. E.-smaller than P. M. E., about their diameter apart, 
and nearly as far from the larger A. S. E. Mandibles rather large and 
stout, vertical. Legs short, two pairs of spines under tibize and metatarsi 
I. and II‘, the second pair at about middle of length ; hind legs more 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 


numerously spined. Sternum one and one-third longer than broad, 
broadest near middle, sides rounded. Abdomen slender, fully twice as 
long as broad ; ventral furrow nearer to epigynum than to the spinnerets. 
The epigynum shows a transversely rounded area, trilobate behind, the 
median lobe smaller and pointed, in each side a curved reddish opening. 

Jacksonville, Florida; April. Collected by Messrs. Laurent and 
Castle. 


Theridium dorsatum, vs. sp. 

Length 2 4 mm.; femur I. 2.1 mm., femur III. 1.2 mm. Cephalo- 
thorax dark yellow-brown, brown on the edges, eye region blackish, and 
behind is a triangular brown spot with its apex on the dorsal groove. 
Abdomen grayish, with a pale central mark bordered by black, from the 
projections faint marks run to the sides ; sides pale ; venter black, with 
a large central triangular silvery spot, spinnerets surrounded with black; 
a curved black line reaches from the anterior portion of the abdomen 
across the sides to the middle of the venter, where it joins the dark ven- 
tral area ; sternum brown ; legs pale yellowish, with brownish bands at 
the middle and ends of the joints, those on middle of femora I. and II. 
are narrow and oblique. P.M. E. are about their diameter apart, 
A. M. E. much more than their diameter apart; sternum triangular, a 
little longer than broad in front; legs moderately long and slender, 
metatarsus I. about equal to tibia I.; abdomen a little longer than broad 
and not very high. The epigynum shows a rounded semi-triangular lobe 
projecting behind. 

Olympia, Washington. (Trevor Kincaid). Readily known by the 
large silvery spot on.venter. 

Theridium elevatum, vn. sp. 

Length 2 4 mm.; femur I. 2 mm. Cephalothorax yellow, with a 
black stripe each side and one on the middle, the latter with a short 
lateral spur each side at the dorsal groove and growing narrower behind ; 
mandibles with brown lines. Abdomen gray, mottled with white and 
brown ; the white is in the form of curved lines; venter dark, with two 
white spots in front of the spinnerets ; sternum yellow, with some short 
black lines reaching from the sides; legs pale, banded and thickly 
spotted with dark brown, bands at ends of joints, base and middle 
spotted. P.M. E. hardly their diameter apart; A. M. E. equal to P. 
M. E., more than their diameter apart ; mandibles slender ; sternum tri- 
angular, barely longer than broad in front; legs short and stout, femur 


196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


I. not quite twice as long as femur III., metatarsus I. barely longer than 

tibia I.; abdomen higher than long, globose ; region of epigynum 

swollen ; there is a small median triangular black projection or finger. 
Brazos Co., Texas ; Sept. 


Plestocrerius lobiceps, n. sp. 

Length 1.5 mm. Cephalothorax yellowish with a black margin, each 
eye with a black ring, a black line on each side of the lobe ; mandibles 
yellowish, legs and palpi yellowish, sternum red, black on margins ; 
abdomen black, spinnerets pale. Head of male moderately elevated into 
a large lobe, bearing the P. M. E., which are large and scarcely twice 
their diameter apart; a hole on each side just behind the S. E.; the 
mandibles show a series of transverse lines on the outer side ; legs 
moderately long, first pair longest, no spines above on the tibiz ; sternum 
broad, triangular, bluntly pointed behind. Male palpi quite long; the 
tibia with a broad extension above and a hook on the inner side; the 
tarsus short, truncate at tip; the bulb, in ‘side view, is constricted near 
the middle, the upper part crossed by two transverse dark lines, the 
black style coiled around the tip once, a small triangular hook near base 
of bulb. In the female the head is scarcely elevated; the epigynum 
shows a semicircular area limited by a concave ridge in front, from which 
there extends behind a gradually broadening furrow with its margins at 
tip, curved outward and backward. 

One from Chicago, IIl,, under leaves in October; others from 
Salineville, Ohio. (A. D. MacGillivray.) 

Lcius canadensis, n. sp. 

Length @ 5 mm.; ceph. 2.4 mm. long, 1.9 mm. broad ; tibia plus 
patella IV. 2 mm. The male but little smaller. Cephalothorax red- 
brown, black in eye-region ; mandibles reddish; leg I. reddish except 
the yellowish tarsi, other legs wholly pale yellowish. Sternum infus- 
cated ; abdomen brownish with a narrow white line around base, and 
pale chevrons toward tip, venter pale gray, with a straight jet black stripe 
each side, and a narrow basal median spear-mark; a black spot each 
side at base of spinnerets ; in ¢ more white hair around the A. M. E. 
Eye-region one and a fourth broader than long, broader behind than in 
front, first eye-row curved ; eyes of second row half way between dorsal 
and lateral eyes ; cephalothorax moderately high; mandibles vertical, 
with one stout tooth on inner edge of fang-groove. Legs moderately long, 
IV. pair longest, I. pair very stout, three pairs of spines on the tibia and 


| 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197 


two on metatarsus I, metatarsus IV. spined only at tip, anterior cox 
separated by nearly width of labium. Sternum once and a third longer 
than broad, broadest between coxze I. and IJ. Abdomen once and a 
half longer than broad, rounded at base, pointed behind, moderately 
high. The epigynum shows two oval cavities, more than their diameter 
apart, some distance in front of a posterior median indentation. The 
male palpus is short; the tibia has a short, sharp projection on the 
outside ; the bulb projects beyond the base, and the upper part is much 
smaller than the lower, showing a curved tube on the outside, and 
terminating in a stout, straight, black stylus. 

A few specimens from Ottawa, Canada ; collected by Mr. W. H. 
Harrington. 


DIPTERA FROM YUCATAN AND CAMPECHE.—I. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, FRONTERA, MEXICO. 


A few specimens of Diptera were taken in the Yucatecan region, in 
April and May, 1896, by the writer. The present paper describes the 
new species. More material from that interesting fauna will doubtless 
be secured in time, and will form the subject of future papers of this 
series. For an account of the peculiar bio-geographical aspects of the 
Yucatecan fauna and flora, the reader is referred to the writer’s second 
paper on the Bio-geography of the Southwestern U. S. and Mexico 
(Trans. Texas Acad. Sci., 1897). 


TABANID. 


1. Zabanus campechianus, n. sp. 

One @. April 25th. Taken near Campeche, between that place 
and Esperanza (State of Campeche). Seems to approach 2. nigrovit- 
tatus, McQ., according to Osten-Sacken’s description. 

Length, 844 mm. Palpi almost white, with some white as well as 
black hairs. Face brownish, covered with a white bloom. Front brown, 
yellowish-gray dusted ; frontal callosity nearly square, rounded on upper 
corners ; a smaller longitudinal callosity above it twice as long as wide, 
and with a tendency to a linear elongation posteriorly. Callosities 
brown. Front parallel, about one-sixth width of head, parallel portion 
only a little more than twice as long as wide. First two joints of 
antenne pale yellowish, second joint ending above in a sharp spur ; 
third joint reddish-yellowish, annulate portion black, process of base 
angular, but not enough developed to form a right angle, greatest width 


198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of third joint about twice the extreme basal width. Annulate portion of 
third joint hardly as long as the basal portion, about four times as long 
as wide. Thorax cinereous dusted, with a sparse short white pubes- 
cence, with four somewhat indistinct wide brownish vitte. Pleura 
whitish pollinose. Scutellum cinereous, with a yellowish tinge on 
margin. Abdomen brownish-yellow, a well-defined, moderately broad 
median yellowish-white pollinose vitta of even width, becoming indistinct 
on sixthysegment. A brown vitta on each side of and limiting the 
median vitta, forming a triangle on each side on third and a subarcuate 
marking on each side on second segment; but these brown vittee are 
faintly represented in full width on second and third segments by a 
shading of brown supplementing the triangular and arcuate markings. 
On the outside of the brown vitta on each side there is a lateral 
yellowish-white pollinose vitta like the median one but not so distinct ; 
while still outside of this is another lateral brown vitta limiting the 
lateral white one on the inside and parallel with the edge of the 
abdomen on the outside. The fourth segment has the brownish-yellow 
considerably more tinged with brownish, and the fifth, sixth, and seventh 
are quite brownish. Pubescence very scanty, hairs of white portions 
whitish, of brown portions in main blackish, except on hind margins of 
posterior segments. Legs brownish-yellow, tips of tibie and bases of 
femora slightly brownish, but front tibiz brownish on distal half; tarsi 
brownish, especially front tarsi, while the hind tibie and metatarsi are 
but little tinged with this colour. Wings fuscous-hyaline, costal cells and 
stigma distinctly yellow. Posterior cells all wide open, no stump nor 
even angle at the base of anterior branch of third vein, Eyes bare, no 
ocelli. ; 


2. Tabanus yucatanus, n. sp. 


Three @s. May roth. Taken from horses, at the cenote of 
Xcolak, about ten miles southeast of Izamal, Yucatan. This is the first 
record of a Tabanid of any genus or species, so far as I can find, from 
Yucatan. Nor can I find any recorded from Campeche. I have 
searched through all the multitude of existing descriptions of Zabanus 
from North and South America, including Walker’s and. Bigot’s numer- 
ous species, and have been unable to identify this and the preceding 
species with any of them. 

Length, ro to rt mm. Differs from campechianus as follows : 
Palpi pale watery-yellowish. Gray bloom of face slightly tinged with 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199 


brownish. Front much narrower, about one-twelfth width of head, 
parallel portion fully five times as long as wide, just perceptibly 
narrowed anteriorly, with a callus swollen-conical or rounded posteriorly, 
prolonged into a second elongate spindle-shaped callus. Third antennal 
joint clearer reddish, annulate portion not so black; process more 
developed, ending in a sharp-pointed angle, basal part of joint rather 
widened and shortened ; annulate portion short and comparatively stout, 
pointed elongate-conical, hardly three times as long as basal width in 
two of the specimens, slightly longer and comparatively less stout in the 
other. Thorax saturate yellowish-brown, with four indistinct whitish 
lines, the middle ones sometimes obsolete. Scutellum concolorous with 
thorax. Median whitish vitta of abdomen formed of whitish pubes- 
cence in triangles, under which the ground colour is seen to be paler 
than the brownish-yellow of rest of abdomen. Pale brownish vitta on 
each side of median one is composed of coalescent oblique markings; 
like a vitta broken at the incisures, the marking on each segment 
directed posteriorly outward. A nearly similar, hardly less broken 
lateral whitish vitta outside of this on each side ; the last is bounded by 
a broken brown vitta on edge of abdomen, serrate on inner edge. 
Fourth to seventh, especially fifth to seventh segments, more deeply 
tinged with brown, or quite dark brown in ground colour. White 
incisures on sides of abdomen. White vittz and incisures white-hairy, 
brownish vitte black-hairy. Front femora quite brownish, hind meta- 
tarsi well tinged with brown, front tarsi almost black. Wings uniformly 
clear, except the pale yellowish oblique elongate stigma. Otherwise as 
in campechianus, including the venation, bare eyes, and absence of 
ocelli. 


A NEW METHOD OF STUDYING NEURATION. 


BY HENRY SKINNER, PROF. ENT. ACAD. NAT. SCI., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


The opprobrium cast on the lepidopterist has been that he did not 
‘study the anatomy of his specimens, but depended too much on macu- 
lation and colour. There has been much truth in the reproach, as there 
are few of us who would destroy a rare or unique specimen to examine 
the neuration. Fortunately the time has arrived when the neuration can 
be studied with the greatest ease and accuracy, and permanently re- 
recorded in a photograph, or, more strictly speaking, a radiograph. The 
anatomy of a living chrysalis may be studied without removing the 


200 THE CANADIAN. ENTOMOLOGIST. 


cocoon, and also the internal anatomy of the thorax and abdomen can 
be fairly well seen, and in time the process may be improved for 
this work. With the aid of the Roentgen or X rays and the photo- 
graphic plate one could make a picture of the neuration of the beautiful, 
rare and curiously shaped Ornithoptera paradisee and not disturb a 
scale on its superb wings. With the fluoroscope one could doubtless see 
all the neuration without even going to the trouble of making a picture, 
This is indeed a wonderful age, and in the future no entomologist will 
have any excuse for not studying the neuration of the lepidoptera, as he 
cannot say that he must denude the wings of his specimens, bleach them 
and mount in balsam as of old and thus destroy them. 


BOOK NOTICES. 


GUIDE TO THE GENERA AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE NORTH AMERI- 
CAN ORTHOFTERA. By 5S. H., Scudder: 8 vo., pp. 80:0) Wasa. 
Wheeler ; Cambridge, 1897. (Price $1.00.) , 

The above work, like all of Dr. Scudder’s books, is exactly what the 
title states. It is simply a guide for the use of students of the Orthoptera, 
by means of which they may determine the genera of their specimens. 
It consists of excellent and most carefully prepared tables of the seven 
families into which the Orthoptera of North America are divided. These 
are followed by most valuable bibliographical notes, in which the student 
is referred under the head of each family of insects to all the works which 
refer to it. Then follows a full list of all the works which refer to North 
American Orthoptera, arranged alphabetically by authors and a complete 
index. All who have attempted to study Orthoptera know how badly 
such a book was wanted, and it is well for the science of entomology 
that the work was done by such a careful and experienced hand. J. F. 


THE GENERA OF NoRTH AMERICAN MELANopLi. By S. H. Scudder. 
(Proc. Am. Acad. of A. and S.  V. 32, pp. 195-206. Jan., 1897.) 


Almost simultaneously with Dr. Scudder’s ‘‘ Guide to the Genera of 
Orthoptera ” two other important and extremely useful papers appeared, 
one on ‘“‘ Zhe Genera of North American Melanopli” and the other on 
“* The Species of the Genus Melanoplus.” These are both really advance 
issues of chapters in Dr. Scudder’s great work on the JZe/anoplz, which is. 
to be published by the U. S. National Museum. The MMelanopli are 
divided into 30 genera, 17 of which are new and 4 have been previously 
published by the author. The genus JZe/anop/us is characteristically 
American and is widely disseminated. There are 131 species recognized, 
grouped under 28 series. The name /urcu/a is given to the processes of 
the last dorsal segment of the male abdomen, JK 


Mailed August 2nd, 1897. 


‘al = be sa 


VOL. XXIX. LONDON, ‘SEPT EMBER, pei No. 9. 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
XXVII. THE CERAMBYCID# OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.—/( Continued. ) 


With this paper we begin the consideration of the Lamiine, the third 
great subfamily of Longhorns. They have recently been worked up by 
Mr. Leng and Dr. Hamilton in a joint publication* which has been 
largely used and followed in the preparation of the succeeding pages. 
The essential characters are to be found in the oblique sulcation of the 
outer side of the front tibiz, the lack of prothoracic margin and the 
cylindrical pointed terminal joint of the palpi. None of the Canadian 
forms offer exceptions to the above rule. It will also be noticed that the 
front of the head is usually vertical instead of being oblique or nearly 
horizontal. Compare a Prionus, Romaleum and Saferda and this point 
will be made clear. 


In order to construct a dichotomous table of the Canadian genera 
it has been necessary to disturb the sequence somewhat. The student 
will understand, however, that no implication of relationship is meant 
to be expressed in the succession as adopted in this paper, but conveni- 
ence of identification has been given the most prominence. Probably 
the only characters that will be found difficult to a beginner are those 
relating to the claws (which, however, are sufficiently commented upon 
in the table), the antennal cicatrix and the front cox. ‘The cicatrix is a 
sort of scar which is to be easily seen in J/onohammus near the tip of 
the first antennal joint ; it is, in the above genus, limited by a distinct 
raised line. The angulation of the front coxal cavities is readily noticea- 
ble in the same insect, especially if the leg be removed, when it is seen 
that the cavity, instead of being circular in outline, has a V-shaped nick in 
the outer margin. 

It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to state so self-evident a fact as that 
the ‘ Classification” of Drs. Leconte and Horn has furnished the chief 


*The Lamiinz of North Aiperica. Trans, Am. Ent. SOCH XXII... 


fee bly 


202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


material for the table, which is in the main only a slight rearrangement 

of the numerous short ones of their own. 
Humeral angles not prominent, wings wanting. Form very con- 
vex, prothorax rounded, unarmed. Elytra with bands of pubes- 


GENCE 221 sa). : d : oA yt ane Lpochus. 
Humeral angles ighally aimee wings ana ay tra fully developed, not 
abbreviated. bin. ab pdyglie te Bile Sahn wise Uo, nots detoreo lee t's cet ane a 


2. Usually large or deine Sen species; elytra not spinose at base..4. 
Small or minute species. Elytra with a spine or eee near the 


scutellanies)<eck oe Bs ee ier nny oye 

3. Humeri rounded, elytra very convex ana with “thise spine near 
Suite lump sve ss oe =e et ik ts . Crytinus. 
Humeri distinct, etm ess convex, ec oral =pRoaty near scutel- 
Heh co pias Ne MS Bes : Ded .. Psenocerus. 


‘4. Scape of antennz mith Lae os cicatrix. Neate all iaree species, 
antenne sometimes greatly elongate in the males. Prothorax with 


lateral spine present, often very large... .. ...% «01s ge 
Scape of antennz. without-apical cicatrix .....0n..4..,0. 42 ee 
5. Legs long, anterior pair elongate in the males........onohammus. 
Legs equal, not elongate . Las oi a A pst) ea 
6. Front coxal cavities eine pty aecally begad Elytra attenuate 
behind. Antennz usually very long in the males.......... ..7. 
Front coxal cavities angulate ....... i me! .14. 
7. Scape of antenne club-shaped. Prowiorad pias cane rabelcles and 
large, acute, nearly median lateral spine............Acanthoderes. 
Scape of antenne nearly cylindrical, Lateral spine or tubercle, if 
present, behind the middle -. 5... 2. 00... oes 2 ee 
8.: Female without elongated’ ovipositor.; .... 1... ss 0% oe eae 
Female with elongated ovipositor ... <<... . 2.2. ose ~nin a ee 
g. Prothorax fly tuberculate or _angulate Mesosternum 
broad.. oh Se =! Ue ya uee . Leptostylus. 


Prothorax idiseinetly popaunee or more freqdently with a short spine 
or acute tubercle behind the middle. Mesosternum narrow .., 10. 


ro. Antenne without traces of cilie beneath, first joint of hind tarsus as 
long as the next two. Prosternum narrow, Basi without erect 

AICS 5 ays aes Oe Os .. Liopus. 
hota disnneny ‘eles iyeieath, frst soit of bata tarsi as long as 
next three) oeig ieee paele nee soo eee ee et ate eee ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 


II. 


12. 


13. 


4. 


15. 


16. 


Ey: 


18. 


19. 


20. 


Elytra without lateral carina, usually with transverse angulated 


markings. a, : ne « ee .. Lepturges. 
Elytra with inte carina ail hanced with numerous ci black 
SPORS 2.20. x se es A . Hyperplatys. 


Body above pubescent sated etree erect Hane antenne with 
at least joints 3-4 densely fringed with hairs Behe eaeea acndé: 
Body above with erect hairs mixed with the pubescence ........ 13, 
Mesosternum broad, antenne not much longer than the body and 
not ciliate beneath except feebly on the scape...... Graphisurus. 
Mesosternum narrow, antenne of male twice as long as the body, 
ciliate beneath 2422 .)5 Vite) aaa . Ceratographis. 
Antenne very elongate, Saini epimaeical, ‘aightty tubularly 
narrowed behind (in our species) without lateral armature or dorsal 


tubercles. Colour black. see ein oya sv a ete LOOT CESCROMIE: 
Antenne not more than sdneletately clowaneae -| ; eee Ex 
Claws (at least on front tarsi) divaricate ; z. ¢., extendined ina arpiatie 
at right angles to the length of last tarsal joint...............17. 
Claws divergent ; z. ¢., not in plane as described above, but forming 
NOR Eee Sic oa TSC ct 5 <2 al a, «Wis SRNR x, sie BD ateoetR ene 's SLO 16. 


Rather large species, prothorax sinuate or feebly tuberculate on 
sides, front of head large, flat. Shape ES Claws 


simple. . ng haley cata isin . Oncideres. 
Rather snail species. “Rack, Mont ‘of ‘esa in nak ‘and sides of 
prothorax yellow, claws cleft ....................Amphionycha. 
Claws simple (except outer one of front and middle tarsi in some 
male Saperda) . wera cs 3) butts Meee ald cate DEENA TOS 
Claws cleft or ee ae hy DUS Ree He 3 POS 
Smaller species, prothorax spinose or tise oM Eee: on n wide Bite SEOs 
Larger species, prothorax never armed nor tuberculate .... Saperda. 
Thighs clavate, vertex concave, antennal tubercles prominent.... 20. 


Thighs not clavate, vertex flat or convex, antennal tubercles not 
prominent. Eyes coarsely granulated, lower lobe as wide as long, 
body with flying hairs, antennz pilose, joints 5-10 shorter, 
UREA reign ele a Se ta ar: D anh) 0:4 Va. pie halts biota meals, Sa PUB ONONEEMS: 

Lower lobe of eyes elongate. Lateral spines of prothorax large, 
median. Pubescence mottled, gray and black, mixed with short, 
scattered hairs on elytra.. a oe a a aieater ee 0°24 x | phe «ARO MESEA 

Lower lobe of eyes ebaeittate or Gahirignakiss AEP Cee rere WEY 1 


204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


21. Prothorax with lateral spine, flying hairs long........Pogonocherus. 
Prothorax with feebly rounded sides, pubescence short...... Ecyrus. 

22. Eyes not divided, prothorax not distinctly tuberculate, form 
slender eo. hit eR 
Eyes completely divided, the upper and lower portions widely sepa- 
rated, prothorax with large lateral tubercle, form stout. Colour 
réd with black*Spots yo. .ce%aeeiele. ; scis eee! te apreimtie veto one a 


Ipocuus, Lec. 


A record of the Californian species 7. fasciatus, Lec., is existent 
upon the Society’s list, but I am unaware of the original authority. It is 
a convex, heavily-built beetle, blackish, pubescence long, erect. Pro- 
thorax with large punctures, and bearing a transverse row of four spots 
of white pubesence. Elytra with irregular transverse bands of whitish 
pubescence, varying in width. Length, .18-.30 inch. 


CyrTINus, Lec. 


Represented by one extremely small, somewhat antlike species, C. 
pygmeus, Hald., easily recognized by the convex elytra with rounded 
humeri and large juxta-scutellar spine. Colour nearly black, elytra with 
a whitish pubescent spot before the middle, antenne annulate. Length, 
.o8-.12 inch. Said to occur on dead oak branches. 


PSENOCERUS, Lec. 


P. supernotatus, Say (fig. 30), is recorded as boring during larval — 
life in the stems of grape, currant, gooseberry, and apple. I have 


frequently beaten it from crab-apple trees. It is a hoe manh 
small beetle of somewhat elongate form, reddish to : 
nearly black, the elytra with a darker blotch behind Th 


the middle which is bordered anteriorly and_pos- 

teriorly by a band of whitish pubescence, the anterior 

band usually much the narrower and interrupted hats 

near the suture. Antenne shorter than body in both sexes. Small 
specimens are often almost entirely black, and may lack the elevation at 
the base of the elytra. Length, .12—.24 inch. 


MoNOHAMMUS, Serv. 


Includes several very large species with long legs and antenne, 
especially in the males. Some or all of them are injurious to pine 
lumber, and scuted/atus and confusor are usually abundant in the eastern 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 


coniferous forests. AZ. maculosus is more essentially western, but often 
common, while marmorator is very rare. Dr. Horn separates the 
species thus : 

A. Tips of elytra rounded, sutural angle acute or spiniform, especially 
in the male. Piceous or black, more or less bronzed, elytra 
irregularly mottled with patches of brownish and grayish or 
whitish Pap cas Punctuation very coarse and close. .66— 
1.06 inch , Soa, Sete T eeatage vais) otc Se ees Bos ak maculosus, Hald. 


AA. Tips of Bit) rounded, sutural ante not prolonged, usually very 
obtuse. 


b. Black, distinctly bronzed. Elytral 
patches of pubescence few or wanting ; 
female antenne annulate. Scutellum 
densely clothed with white pubescence. 
.64-1.24 inch. (fig.31).scutellatus, Say. 

i bb. Brown, elytra sparsely mottled with 

patches of gray and brown pubescence. 

Fic. 31. Female antenne not annulate. 1.10—- 

1.24 inch. (fig. 32) .. confusor, Kirby. 


AAA, Tips of elytra obliquely prolonged and acute. Elytra brownish, 
surface feebly punctured, clothed with ochreous white and 
brown patches intermixed. 1.00 inch....marmorator, Kirby. 


> a 


Fic. 32 (after Harris), 


206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Gors, Lec. 


Contains several species, mostly of rather or quite large size, 
resembling Saferda somewhat in form, but with a strong lateral thoracic 
spine. All have the upper surface mottled with pubescence, sometimes 
arranged in tolerably distinct transverse bands. Since only one of the 
North American species is lacking from Canada; we reproduce Dr. 
Horn’s synopsis as far as it concerns us : 

A. Surface colour of body brownish ; antennz of male at most one and 
one-quarter times the length of the body. 
b. Elytra with conspicuous denuded fascia one-third from apex. 


Pubescence of surface white. 1.00 in........¢igrina, DeG. 
Pubescence ochreous or luteous, basal region of elytra 
darker, less pubescent. .g2in...........pulchra, Hald. 
Pubescence marmorate, whitish and ochreous, the apical 
region darker ochreous, .44-.52 in.........d@ebilis, Lec. 


bb. Elytra without conspicuous denuded fascia, pubescence cinere- 
ous or almost white, uniform, sometimes with faint trace 
of denuded fascia. .80-.88 in......... pulverulenta, Hald. 


AA. Surface colour black, shining, pubescence whitish, a small con- 
spicuous black spot on each elytron, one-third from apex. Antenne 
of male twice as long asthe body. .40-.44 1n......oculata, Lec. 

A few notes on food-habits have been published, from which it 
appears that dedi/is has been found on hickory and white oak, ¢igrzza on 
hickory (as an adult) and in oak (as larva); pudchra and ocudata are found 
in the mature stage on hickory, while the larva of pulverulenta is said to 
bore in wild cherry and in living beech trees. 

ACANTHODERES, Serv. 


The three species belonging here may be separated from those 
immediately following by their antennz, in which the first joint, or 
scape, is strongly clavate. They are brownish insects, maculate above 
with whitish or ashy pubescence, of rather robust form, the upper surface 
rough, the femora much swollen. Prothorax with strong, sharp lateral 
spine. The differentials are given by Dr. Horn, thus: 


A. Sutural region of elytra vaguely grooved, the groove limited on 
each elytron by a feeble costa. Elytra with a moderately broad 
transverse band of white in front of middle, broadly interrupted 
at SULUTE, ¢ AOUN ys siecle acta cuit sp ins « sels ve Oe Ceri 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 20 


AA. Sutural region not grooved, elytra with a more or less distinct M- 
shaped black mark behind the middle of each. 
Base of elytra irregular, an oblong obtuse umbone at middle of 


Gs A een eet iS aoe «ee decipiens, Hald. 
Base of elytra regularly convex without umbone.  .8o0 
ba. Jem . Morrisii, Uhler. 


The panied ec Slants Wap a ee ee are oak, hickory, 
beech, and hackberry. I have found A. decipiens on oak logs, but am 
unaware of the larval habits. 


LEptTostyLus, Lec. 

Numerous species are known from Canada, and are arranged mainly 
on the plan offered by Dr. Horn. The name commixtus is replaced by 
sexguttatus. The lateral tubercle of the prothorax is always blunt, 
sometimes obsolete. 

A, Elytra without asperities and scalelike hairs. 

Prosternum between the coxa. as wide as a coxal cavity, elytra 
slightly truncate at tip. Robust, convex, prothorax with whitish 
pubescence forming a broad lateral stripe each side, bounded 
internally by a black stripe which is formed of a row of denuded 
tubercles, the discal area brownish. Elytra with a broad 
irregular transverse post-median area of whitish pubescence. 
GO EE se Sah tn, sso wo -see sss Macula, Say. 

Prosternum narrower ee a sega aie ais of elytra separately 

- rounded, thorax moderately densely punctured on flanks as well 
as disk. Yellowish or reddish brown, elytral surface uneven, 
basal angles black, polished ; a dark brown irregular band often 
extends backward from these angles to the middle, thence 
narrows towards suture, followed posteriorly by one or two 
black spots, but these markings may be absent. Three large 
basal tubercles on prothorax, and three smaller, sometimes 
obsolete, subapical ones. .40 in............. .collaris, Hald. 

AA. Elytra with asperities or tubercles, bearing at their summits short 
black scalelike hairs. 

b. Thorax densely punctured, elytra with densely placed coarse 
deep punctures. Colour variable, elytra mottled with grayish 
pubesGencels tenamo Int! 6 ST LE sexguttatus, Say. 

bb. Thorax not densely punctured, elytral punctures not closely 

placed, often inconspicuous or concealed. Legs not hairy. 


208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


c. Antenne longer than the body in both sexes, the third 
joint only slightly longer than the fourth. Punctuation 
of thorax regular. 

Elytra very indistinctly inenen especially at 

apex, the disk with angulate fascia behind the 

middle, tips feebly Peele truncate. .16-.24 

UM 5% ; EAR hes ae . -Orustas;, Lec 

Elytra aietenealy winened over entire surface, 

disk with acutely angulated fascia, apex slightly 

prolonged, not obliquely truncate. .16-.24 

Ane 2 te as PGF UNSy acts 

cc. Antennz seareely fger ‘asa ie edge even in the male, 

the third joint conspicuously longer than the fourth. 

Robust, brownish, surface of prothorax roughly tubercu- 

late, pubescent, punctures sparse, irregularly | 

placed. lElytra with raised tubercles or 

ridges, and with grayish and whitish pubes- 

cence which tends to form a post-median 

transverse band broadest at the suture, the 

pubescence becoming darker anteriorly. ‘Tip dark. 

32.40, ID. (fig. 33)... «cis 0 ola -e vse, op) «00 5 eee 

The food plants of several of the above are recorded. JZ. macula 
is known to breed in beech, hickory, walnut, butternut, and chestnut ; 
sexguttatus in pine; and acudifer in oak, apple, sycamore, and osage 


orange. 


Rare Bourrerrvies.—On the 8th day of May, Mr. James Walker 
captured, in a cedar swamp, near Orillia, Ont., a specimen of Thecla 
teta, Edw. This butterfly has hitherto only been recorded in Canada, 
trom London and York Mills in this Province, and from a few localities 
in the Province of Quebec. 

Mr. C. E. Grant, of Orillia, has recently taken a specimen of the 
melanic form of Colias philodice, the yellow on the wings being replaced 
by dark scales. It is apparently somewhat similar to the aberration 
recorded by Mr. Dwight Brainerd (C. E., XXVIII, p. 305), which he 
took at Edgartown, Mass., last year. Mr. Grant has also taken at 
Orillia, for the first time, Papilio troilus and Lycena comyntas, making 
the total number of butterflies from that locality sixty-two. 

Papilio Ajax (a perfect specimen) has again been seen at Port 
Hope on the 24th of July. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 


A GENERIC REVISION OF THE HIPOCRITID (Arctip#), 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., NEW YORK. 

The earliest use of the term Arctiidze is referred by Dr. Packard to 
Leach (1815). This is antedated by Hubner’s Tentamen terms, Hipocrite 
and Hypercompe. The latter is unavailable, as Hypercompa becomes a 
synonym. I do not find any plural terms for the family before Hubner. 

The faunas of Europe and America are here united. I have included 
the Indian genera as far as possible, but could not do so completely, as 
Hampson’s work is much less available here than usual. Hampson does 
not recognize the Lithosiidz on the character of the absence of ocelli, but 
unites under the term Arctiide all the species here grouped as Hipocritide 
with Lithosiide, Nyctemeridze, Pseudoipside and Nolidz. His subdi- 
visions of this aggregation are based on other characters, so that some of 
the genera that I have not seen can not be placed in the table from his 
figures and descriptions. Especially Castalba, Tatargena, Sidyma may be 
Hipocritide, though placed in Hampson’s Lithosiinz, while Rhodogastria, 
Pangora, Nica and Leucopardus I can not place from lack of the type 
species. I do not think that this affects the present revision, as these 
genera seem to be distinct from any of those included. As far as the 
American genera are concerned, I exclude Cydosia and Cerathosia, as 
they are probably Noctuid. Euverna is transposed to the Arctiinee and 
becomes synonymous with Ectypia, a result due to the study of additional 
material, which I owe to Prof. Smith. Cycnia divides into three genera 
on venational characters, one of the sections supplanting Pareuchaetes ; 
Halisidota divides into two genera. The names Elpis and Neoarctia fall 
before European terms and a new genus is required for the species 
virginalis, Boisd. Pygoctnucha is transferred from the Euchromiidz on 
account of the presence of vein 8 of secondaries. Three genera, Eucereon, 
Bertholdia and Euerythra, lack vein 8 and would seem strictly to be 
Euchromiide, but I hesitate to transfer them, as the habitus is Arctian, 
the larvee are unknown and the condition of vein 8 is distinctly led up to 
in Eupseudosoma, which has a short spurlike vein 8 in the male and none 
in the female. The Phaegopterinze may be further modified when the 
large South American fauna is worked up. In the meantime I dedicate 
to Mr. Schaus the new section of Halisidota, which he has shown to be of 
generic value (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV., 138) in recognition of his 
work on this group as well as on the allied Euchromiidz and in the anticipa- 
tion of still further and more comprehensive labours, 


210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The following table is based on the work of Prof. J. B. Smith, which 
appeared in Can. Ent. some years ago, and was worked over in the re- 
vision of Bombyces by Mr. Neumcegen and myself. Following the table 
is a list of genera and species; italicized names are North American. 
Bibliographical references are omitted, and they can readily be found in 
Kirby’s catalogue if wanted. The types of genera are recognized as deter- 
mined by Kirby. 

Key TO THE GENERA. 


1. Head prominent, tongue moderate or strong........-...... 0.202 
Head more or less retracted, tongue weak or small............ 13. 

2. Secondaries large and ample, habitus lithosiiform .............. 3. 
Secondaries trigonate, often small, Sages pointed at apex ....44. 

3. Vein 5 of secondaries faint or absent. ob eo ale wow oe 
Vein arene wis» Madsen npncmieardne ws susee ie hal age lea ie ete nee ae 

4. Primaries long ‘and natrow, 2... .. 2k ae on. es oe oe one 
Primaries broad; ‘trigonate. 2.5.2... 2. So. gd. ae ne oe 

5. Primaries broad, ‘trigomate 7i.cGa 2... ak eo) das 2 
Primaries narrow, apices Eels We RE teem io 

6. Vein 5 of secondaries arising close to vein’4.... 7.0)... «+n sleepy 
Vein 5 of secondaries from near the middle of the cell........Doa. 

7. No accessory cell ; veins 7 to 10 of primaries stalked ..........10. 
No accessory cell; vein 10 free, from the discal cell ..... Axzopena. 
Accessory, cell present, vein’ ro arising fromit . . 7. \.).).,.. ete nemoe 

8. Anal angle of secondaries rounded in the male, spurs of tibize long..g. 
Anal angle produced to a point; spurs very short .........Avgina. 

g. Vein 6 arising beyond the angle of the discal cell.....Aacrobrochis. 
Vein 6 arising from the discal cell.................. Callimorpha. 
ro. Vein'1i free‘from velno1o ts Anh. So eek a 
Vein 11 almost or quite touching vein to. at sae ote ve ate GEE 
r1. Secondaries over three-fourths the length Sep primaries ...... Hapioa. 


Secondaries less than three-fourths the length of primaries. ... Areas. 
12. Secondaries with veins 6 and 7 from the cell.............Sebastia. 


Secondaries with veins 6 and 7 stalked ................ Calpenia. 
13. Vein 8 of secondaries wanting..........2....0:..2. .«M@ergpihrg, 
Vein 8 presenty o:.°.2:.;2. ays. seeueege s+» wie payor en es see 14. 
14. Veins 7 to 1o of primaries stalked from apex of cell........... 15. 
_ Vein 10 ie ae the-discal ‘cell... .... 5... sie wee ee 
1t;. Vem, ar dtrees 2h sake 3 


Vein 11 joined to vein 10 to form a an n accessory cell. . . Hipocr ita. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. JZAd 


io entedian spurs-of hind tibise.wanting. ... os. is. d:cdebgles esse ene ee EFS 
Median Spurs of hind: tibia, present ; .°... <tc. .sleiaeteias oe ey» 208 
eee MIMCOELON “UL ECBO «pa Siete as «2 2) scar tebe sf <2 n Soman! Di wre. atv TOs 
Peewee Fie AEC ats Clphe ats sis). «= ontgaeees 8 cs See axe > 2.0, 
Pemeaeetne Oh Male SUMDIE. (seas. - «sic. < <sapaiges «shades EEG) 
Amtennee of male pectinated..4.;. ... 21. hes. +) vee SBahtar ctia. 
1g. Palpi exceeding the front. miso ak Soaaigth genes: 's ve. 6) oa aa a ATER LOE 
Palpi not reaching the Bone: Me ee . sees. Creatonotus. 
20. Inner prong of tibial armour- plate pradeenae into a spine. Re aeds 
Inner prong not much produced, spine short................++24. 

21. Wings of male with the outer margin ae of female 
aborted. RBS Per Race .. Pachylischia. 
Wings narrow, outer margin Sarewhan annaae,.. PUTER RRR ke ae 
22. Costa of primaries convex. Sys avs lain QRhenes Mle 5~ «¢ sopustss va CPU EA DERE: 
Costa of primaries ecliphe Se. i. eee rare eee 
23. Robust, with hairy vestiture, Roicekish., satEs.«'wiel avetat «Wanna SPDEGLESS 
Blenderer, the vestiture smooth, white i... i. ce. « sels a... . Alo. 
24. Male and female antenne simple .....................Phissama. 
Male-antennz pectinated, female simplecseu ns. 22 sacs es 0's 25. 
Male and female antenne pectinated..................Hstigmene. 
25. Wings with short erect scales, slightly transparent ....... Diaphora. 
Wings with appressed scales, not transparent.......... Hyphantria. 
ee Uirenne Oimale Simple. j 5.50 ss). 6 aw. segs Mee Sele Fase a eee ee Be 
Meabepiies GIGe PECHOALEC ees <<... cis a eaten. ocbpoleduie) a vind eee Os 
27 avestiture-or thorax scaly,/appressed .,. : 2alesgee week utd eS, 
MESEEPULe NAIF ySINMOOLINS. 0°28 Nie as, « « :c assignee Rebates) wid eh diene ECE Ee: 
IMambnre tainy SOL vEreC yc. ..-\, 0. eae? gh ae oyu om 
See EDEOACLY (IGONSte cage ss us 3 Sagas = Gore wlate eee Camptoloma. 
Wines elongate, more rounded i ......... onde. <n ne selew «CAL ACHHES. 
29. Apex of primaries acuminate..........:-...... .Pyrrharctia. 
Apex of primaries square ....... oe .. Phragmatobia. 
30. Ocelli close to margin of eye bout the teins) ak fe ocellus).. 31. 
Ocelli distant from the margin of the eye... :.0.......c...000, 36. 
31. Primaries broad, outer margin somewhat erect ................32. 
Primaries narrower, outer margin somewhat oblique ....... A/phea. 
32. Body slender, secondaries ample. . PROM eae, Dia cristas 
Body more robust, secondaries moderate, Petia AE yherd yer <0) «'a\ 0), cea 
33. Female wingless .... Wik, 5 eee esterases <n OCR OG REE 


Female with fully-developed wings ........,... peer y es pet sari gde 


34: 
35: 
36. 
37: 


38. 


39- 
40. 


Al. 
42. 
43- 
44. 
45: 
46. 
47: 
48. 
49. 


50. 


Si. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Costa of primaries not depressed before apex .. 
Costa of primaries depressed before apex....... 
Wings opaque. Rie bil ia. 

Wings domewhats Hauisluceat fesse Rs 

Front narrowed above and below .. 

Front square, not narrowed .. 

Rough hairy, wings subdiaphanous. . 

Somewhat smooth, wings opaque ... 

Accessory cell wanting . 

Accessory cell present..... 


Wings broad, size large, vestiture acl ae idee 


Wings moderate, size smaller, vestiture rough . 
Wings elongate, size very small.. ice 
Spurs of posterior tibiz long or moderate....... 
Spurs of posterior tibiz short .... 


Median spurs of posterior tibie wanting ............ 


Size small, body rather slender .. 
Size large, body more robust ... 
Wings short and broad...... 
Wings long and narrow . 


Wings broad . . Arctia. 
Wings narrow. .. Antarctia. 
Vein 8 of viene absent M5 
Vein 8 present .. : 4 hei Pv 
Veins 7 to 10 of primaries = seked, . Cycnia. 
Vein ro from the discal cell... . 46. 
Accessory cell present ...... ere 
Accessory cell absent . RA a 5 uA Os 
Antenne long seecendaries nranonmonately snail ie . , Lheages. 
Antenne shower. secondaries larger. . Pygarctia. 
Primaries broad, secondaries proportionate ......... . Euchetes. 
Primaries narrow, produced at apex, Secondaries smaller........ 49. 
Male ‘antennes simple yy ny aetecee ss ss bic, steers Roe Caen misses 
Male antenne pectinate .. wei eho. 
Vein 8 of secondaries double . Sohaiste 

Vein 8 long, single . Racers .. Halisidota. 
Vein 8 very short, spurlike. B® 

Vein 5 of secondaries present..... aa 


Vein 5 of secondaries wanting... 


Mile elaine 
él Ree 
. Spilosoma. 
. Zhygorina. 
. Arctinia. 
Rs rh 
.. Lucharia. 


._LHyphoraia. 


2139 
-|\4.0, 


. Platyprepia. 


.Luprepia. 


... Kodiosoma. 


5 Sate eR ee 
.. Lictypia. 


.. Ammobiota, 


hie 
«shee eee 
. Parasemia. 


.. Pygoctnucha. 


 Eupseudosoma. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


52. Vein ro of primaries from the discal cell..... 
Veins 7 to ro of primaries stalked .... 


ul. e. Euceréon: 
.. Bertholdia. 


List OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 


Coscinia, Hiibn. ( = Eulepia,Curt. = 
Emydia, Boisd.) 
striata, Linn. 
cribraria, Linn. 
Eubaphe, Hiibn.( = Crocota, Hubn. 
= Holomelina, H. S.) 
laeta, Guer. 
intermedia, Graef. 
ostenta, H. Edw. 
costata, Str. 
opella, Grt. 
immaculata, Reak. 
aurantiaca, Hubn. 
Utetheisa, Hiibn. (= Deiopeia, 
Steph.) 
bella, V.inn. 
venusta, Dalm. 
ornatrix, Linn, 
pulchella, Linn. 
formosa, Boisd. 
Doa, Neum. & Dyar. 
ampla, Grt. 
dora, N. & D. 
Axiopoetra, Ménét. 
maura, Eichw. 
Macrobrochis, H.-S. 
gigas, Walk, 
Callimorpha, Latr. (Eunlagia, Hb. 
= Tripura, Moore.) 
dominula, Linn. 
quadripunctaria, Poda. 
prasena, Moore. 
pallens, Hamps. 
principalis, Koll. 
similis, Moore, 


plagiata, Walk. 
equitalis, Koll. 
nyctemerata, Moore. 

Argina, Hibn. 
argus, Koll. 
syringa, Cram. 
cribraris, Clerck. 

Haploa, Hubn 
clymene, Brown. 
colona, Hubn. 

Leconte, Guer. 
contigua, Walk. 
confusa, Lyman. 

Areas, Walk. (= Melanareas, Butl.) 
galactina, Van d. Hoev. 
imperalis, Koll. 

Sebastia, Kirby( = Moorea, Hamps.) 
argus, Walk. 

Calpenia, Moore. 
khasiara, Moore. 
Saundersi, Moore. 

Luerythra, Harvey. 
phasma, Harv. 
trimaculata, Smith. 

fTipocrita, Hubn. (= Euchelia, 

Boisd.) 
jacobeee, Linn. 

Creatonotus, Hubn. 
interruptus, Gemel. 

Ecpantheria, Hubn. 
garzont, Oberth. 
ocularia, Fab. 
permaculata, Pack. 

Leptarctia, Stretch. 
california, Walk. 


214 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Pachylischia, Ramb. (= Artimelia, 
Ramb.) 
corsica, Ramb. 
Latreillei, Godt. 

Seirarctia, Packard. 
echo, Sm. & Abb. 

Alexicles, Grote. 
aspersa, Grt. 

Aloa, Walk. (= Bucea, Walk.) 
emittens, Walk. 
simplex, Walk. 
fumipennis, Hamps. 

Phissama, Moore (= Amphissa, 

Walk.) 
transiens, Walk. 
Estigmene, Hiibn. (= Leucarctia, 
Pack.) 
acrea, Drury. 
Rickseckeri, Behr. 
albida, Stretch. 

Diaphora, Stephens. 
mendica, Clerck. 

Hyphantria, Harris. 
cunea, Dru. 

Camptoloma, Felder. 
interioratum, Walk. 
binotatum, Butler. 

Arachnis, Geyer. 
aulea, Geyer. 
picta, Pack. 
maia, Ottolengul. 
citra, N. & D. 
zunt, Neum. 

Pericallia, Hubn. 
matronula, Linn. 

Pyrrharctia, Packard. 
isabella, Sm. & Abb, 


Phragmatobia, Steph. 
Suliginosa, Linn. 
assimilans, Walk. 
Rhyparia, Hibn, 
purpurata, Linn. 
Diacrisia, Hiibn. (= Euthemona, 
Steph. ) 
sannio, Linn. 
Ocnogyna, Lederer (=Cletis, Ramb. 
=Somatrichia, Kirb.). 
zoraida, Gras}. 
maculosa, Herm. 
parasita, Hubn. 
Spilosoma,Steph. (=Spilarctia, Butl.) 
urticze, Esp. 
lubricipeda, Linn. 
punctarium, Stoll. 
lutea, Hufn. 
virginica, Fab. 
prima, Slosson. 
antigone, Strecker. 
latipennis, Stretch. 
vestalis, Pack. 
multiguttum, Walk. 
sangaicum, Walk. 
subfascia, Walk. 
dalbergiz, Moore. 4 
punctatum, Moore. 
dentilinea, Moore. 
stigmata, Moore. 
mona, Swinhoe. 
gopara, Moore. 
ummera, Swinhoe. 
bimaculatum, Moore. 
jucundum, Butler. 
flavale, Moore. 
todarum, Moore. 
montanum, Guer, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215 


strigulatum, Walk. 
castaneum, Hamps. 
rubilinea, Moore. 


erythrophelps, Hamps. 


brunneum, Moore. 
casignetum, Koll. 
bifasciatum, Hamps. 
comma, Walk. 
lacteatum, Butl. 
melanopsis, Walk. 
rubitinctum, Moore. 
erythrozona, Koll. 
fuscipenne, Hamps. 
Thygorina, Walker.* 
indica, Guer. 
multivittata, Moore. 
nigrifrons, Walk. 
unifascia, Walk. 
discalis, Moore. 
obliquivitta, Moore. 
venosa, Moore. 
flavens, Moore. 
biseriata, Moore. 
sordida, Moore. 
sikkimensis, Moore. 
eximia, Swinhoe. 
rhodophila, Walk. 
melanosoma, Hamps. 


Alphaa, Walker.* 
fulvohirta, Walk. 
florescens, Moore. 
imbuta, Walk. 
quadriramosa, Koll. 
tigrina, Moore. 
leopardina, Moore. 
vittata, Moore. 
biguttata, Walk. 


nigricans, Moore. 
dentata, Walk. 
pannosa, Moore. 
siaphi, Moore. 
Arctinia, Eichw. (= Elpis, Dyar. = 
Eupatolinis, Butl.) 
cesarea, Goeze. 
rubra, Neumcegen. 
vagans, Boisd. 
Eucharia, Hiibn. (= Neoarctia, N. 
& D.) 
casta, Esper. 
Brucet, H. Edw. 
Beanii, Neum. 
Hyphoraia, Hiibn. (= Platarctia, 
Pack.) 
aulica, Linn. 
hyperborea, Curt. 
Yarrow?, Stretch. 
Platyprepia, Dyar. 
virginalis, Boisd. 
Euprepia, Ochsenheimer* 
pudica, Esp. 
fasciata, Esp. 
intercalaris, Evers. 
virgo, Linn. 
virguncula, Kirby. 
michabo, Grt. 
intermedia, Stretch. 
parthenice, Kirby. 
rectilinea, French. 
anna, Grote. 
ornata, Pack. 
arge, Dru. 
Quenselii, Paykull. 
obliterata, Stretch. 
proxima, Guer. 


~ adienapini: 


*See Hampson for the generic synonymy. 


216 THE CANADIAN 


cervinoides, Streck. 
Bolanderi, Stretch. 
Blakei, Grote. 
superba, Stretch. 
favorita, Neum. 
Williamsii, Dodge. 
phyllira, Dru. 
figurata, Dru. 
placentia, Sm. & Abb. 
nais, Dru. 
phalerata, Harris. 
vittata, Fab. 
Codiosoma, Stretch. 
fulvum, Stretch. 


Ectypia, Clemens (= Euverna, 
N. & D.). 
bivittata, Clemens. 
clio, Packard. 


Ammobiota, Wallengren. 

festiva, Hufn. 

Parasemia, Stephens. 

plantaginis, Linn. 
petrosa, Walk. 

Pygoctnucha, Grote. 

Harrisii, Boisd. 
terminalis, Walk. 
Robinsonti, Boisd. 
funerea, Grote. 

Arctia, Schrank (=Epicallia, Hbn. 
— Hypercompa, Hbn. 
= Zoote, Hubn.) 

villica, Linn. 
caja, Linn, 
opulenta, H. Edw. 

Antarctia, Hubner. 

vulpina, Hubn. 


ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Cycnia, Hiibn. (=Tadana, Walk. = 
Pareuchetes, Grt.) 
tenera, Hubn. 
sciurus, Boisd. 
insulata, Walk. 
Pygarctia, Grote. 
abdominalis, Grote. 
vivida, Grote. 
murina, Stretch. 
Bolteri, H. Edw. 
elegans, Stretch. 
scepsiformis, Graef. 
albicosta, Walk. 
Euchetes, Harris. 
egle, Dru. 
eglenensis, Clemens. 
oregonensts, Stretch. 
perlevis, Grote. 
Spraguet, Grote. 
zonalis, Grote. 
FPelochyta, Hibn.(=Amerila, Walk.) 
astra, Dru. 
ffalisidota, Hubn.(—Lophocampa, 
H. =Euhalisidota, Grt.) 
tessellaris, Sm. & Abb. 
ffarristi, Walsh. 
cinctipes, Grote. é 
Edwardsii, Pack. 
Jabecula, Grote. 
maculata, Harris. 
alni, H. Edw. 
Agassizit, Pack. 
minima, Neum. 
carye, Harris. 
pura, Neum. 
longa, Grt. 
propinqua, H. Edw. 


+See Neumcegen and Dyar for the generic synonymy. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217 


bicolor, Walk. albigutta, Boisd. 


Courregesi, Dognin. lugens, Hy. Edw. 
atra, Druce. Aemilia, Kirby. 
daruba, Druce. roseata, Walk. 
ergana, Drice. occidentalis, French. 
aconia, H.-S. Eupseudosoma, Grote. 
thalassina, H.-S. floridum, Grote. 
Schausta, Dyar. . Lucereon, Hibn. 
argentata, Pack. carolinum, Hy. Edw. 
subalpina, French. Theages, Walker.° 
sobrina, Stretch. strigosa, Walk. 
mixta, Neum.|| Bertholdia, Schaus. 
ingens, Hy. Edw. specularis, H. S. 
ambigua, Strecker. trigona, Grote. 


LARVA OF TITANIO HELIANTHIALES, Mortre.pr. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., NEW YORK. 


Miss Murtfeldt’s interesting discovery of this leaf-mining Pyralid 
suggested to me the inquiry as to how far the sete of the larva had been 
affected by this unusual habit. The leaf-mining Tineids have tubercles 
iv. and v. remote, while all the Pyralids that I have seen have these 
tubercles united. I was interested to learn how far fixed this Pyralid 
character is, especially as the seta have been studied in but a few 
microlepidoptera. 

Miss Murtfeldt very kindly sent me her alcoholic specimens. The 
larva has the flattened retracted head and large cervical shield of a leaf- 
miner, but the body is not flattened and the slender legs are normal. The 
sete are perfectly normal for the Pyralide, iv. and v. closely united. 
There is also the little additional tubercle before and above the spiracle, 
which is present in other Pyralids and also in the Cosside. In fact, the 
larva strongly suggests a little Cossid, except that the feet are longer and 
the circle of crotchets is broken on the outside. The pupa tells a different 
story. It might belong to the Pyraloid Obtecte, which Dr. Chapman 
says have obtect characters in practically all respects except the possession 


In the male type vein Io of primaries arises from the apex of discal cell on one wing, 
distinctly stalked on the other wing, but with a basally directed spur, indicating an 
accessory cell. On secondaries the supplementary vein preceding vein 8 is very short. 


°Type of Theages not examined. The characters in the table are those of our 
species, 


218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of traces of maxillary palpi; but I can only find with difficuity a slight 
trace of the maxillary palpi. This would make it almost a true obtect 
pupa, which is far removed from the Cosside. 

The following descriptions contain some details not specially 
mentioned in Miss Murtfeldt’s article : 

Zarva.— Head rounded, flattened, small, partly retracted ; clypeal 
sutures depressed, upper segment of labium forming a ridge ; dark brown, 
blackish on the narrow lateral angle; width, 1.3 mm. Body segments 
distinct, creased several times in the incisures but not distinctly annulated, 
joint 13 divided. Cervical shield large, bisected, irregularly marked in 
black. Sete distinct, from rather large, flat dark tubercles; i. and ii. in 
trapezoidal form, ili. lateral, iv.and v. from a single substigmatal tubercle, 
vi. posteriorly, vii. above the base of the leg with three sete, vill. single ; 
a small secondary tubercle with one little seta before the upper part of the 
spiracle. On the thorax normal, the sete of i. and il. united in pairs, 
iv. and v. united, vi. with one seta on joints 3 and 4. Thoracic feet well 
developed, armed with sete and claw. Abdominal feet distinct, rather 
slender ; crotchets in a narrow ellipse, broken on the outer side, a single 
row, but doubly clawed, a slight hook on the outside as well as the more 
distinct one on the inside, both small. 


Pupa.-— Smooth, obtected, thickest through the second abdominal 
segment, slightly tapering each way, rounded, the head a little projecting. 
Anal end rounded, cremaster without projection, but with four rather 
long, stout, recurved hooks. Fifth and sixth abdominal segments move- 
able. Cases reaching to the end of the fourth segment ; eye covered by 
a single piece, separated below by the small, lanceolate labium ; maxille 
reaching about one-third the length of the cases, a small piece indistinctly 
segmented off at the base next to the labium ; first leg reaching two-thirds 
the length of the cases, enclosing a small elliptical piece of its basal part 
next to the maxilla; second leg reaching to the tip of the cases, apparently 
touching the eye, but on careful focusing a small piece seems to be cut 
off at the base, which I take to represent the maxillary palpus; antennz 
not attaining the extremity of either the second legs or the wing cases ; 
third legs concealed. ‘The spiracle on the first segment is concealed by a 
projection of the hind wing case which extends to segment 3. Light 
yellowish-brown, all the sutures narrowly and distinctly marked in dark 
brown. Smooth, shining, no distinct punctures or wrinkles of any kind, 
Length, 6.5 mm.; width, 2.5 mm. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 219 


-GRAPTA INTERROGATIONIS, ETC. 

This insect is not by any means abundant in my neighbourhood, and 
for several years I only captured one or two of the pale variety 
Fabricii. About four or five years ago I saw a worn female of that 
variety depositing eggs upon a wild hop I had trained over the front of 
my house. I did not subsequently see any other female near the plant. 
I left the larve upon it until they were nearly full grown, when I 
collected about a dozen. I think they all hatched out safely, and the 
result was about one-third of the dark form Umdérosa to about two- 
thirds of the pale. The larve were all of a size, and pupated within a day 


or two of each other, so I think it reasonable to suppose they were all 
from the eggs I saw being deposited, and from one and the same mother. 
Never having before seen or taken the dark form, and not then having 
any book upon Canadian butterflies, I was rather surprised at the result. 
On looking over my notes for last year I do not see anything of special 
interest, except that .I took a specimen of Chionobas varuna on 21st 
June, and the only one that I saw. The occurrence here of Colas 
cesonia has already been noted. 


Owing to a conversation I had some time ago with Dr. Fletcher, I 
paid particular attention to Co/zas eurytheme and its varieties. I did 
not detect a single instance of Zrifhy/e “in coitu,” or even flirting with 
other than its own female, though there were many flying about of the 
early small fellow form of Hurytheme and also of Keewaydin, nor 
vice versa. 


Neither did I notice any intercouse between Lriphyle and the large 
orange form <Amphidusa, Scudder, but the males of each variety 
seemed to single out the corresponding females of that variety. I am 
aware I am venturing upon dangerous ground, but so far as I am able to 
judge from observation, I should certainly say that Eriphyle was a 
species distinct from Aurytheme. Unfortunately, I am unable to give the 
time required to the rearing of the large number of larve necessary to 
the determination of this question. What I want particularly to convey 
is that I have never noticed promiscuous intercourse between the 
different broods, if such they are, though they overlap each other, and 
are flying at the same time. E. FIRMSTONE HEATH, 

Cartwright, Manitoba. “The Hermitage.” 


220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


A RARE CATOCALA. 
BY ARTHUR J. SNYDER, EVANSTON, ILL. 

Early last July, while examining the collection of Prof. G. H. French 
at Carbondale, Ill., I saw for the first time a specimen of Catocala 
Sappho. Being especially interested in this genus of the Noctuids, I was 
somewhat surprised to see for the first time so striking a species, and felt 
sure that I would have no difficulty in recognizing the species should I 
ever see another example. 

On July 6th, near Makanda, Ill., I began a search for Catocala. 
From the first hickory I “ whipped,” a C. Safpho started and lighted 
upon a white oak near by, but about fifteen feet from the ground. 
Through the aid of a fence rail placed against the tree, and by using the 
net, I easily captured my first C. Sappho, a perfect specimen, with the 
exception that a few scales were removed from the thorax. July 14th I 
was collecting four miles south of Makanda and captured two more C. 
Sappho, one in fair condition and one a badly worn example. Another 
in very poor condition was taken on July 13th. Two others were seen 
and captured, but allowed to escape through sheer anxiety not to injure 
them. It may be interesting to ‘collectors to know that this rare moth is 
one of the slowest flyers in the genus, and is easily captured. It 
usually lights low, and is not easily frightened. On account of its light 
colour it is quite conspicuous. In all seven C. Sappho were seen in the 
vicinity of Makanda, Ill, in four days’ collecting. It has been my 
pleasure to examine 78 or more of the species and varigties of North 
American Catocale, but I have seen nothing which approaches C. 
Sappho closely enough to be confusiag even to an amateur. 


THE NEW MEXICO SPECIES OF ANTHIDIUM. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M. 


The bee-genus Anthidium is not very well represented in New 
Mexico, the following being all yet observed. 

(1.) Anthidium larree, 2. sp.—@. Length about 12% mm,, fairly 
stout, but the abdomen not subglobose ; black, with yellow markings, 
those of the thorax recalling Stenzolia duplicata. Head large, face 
nearly square, moderately shining, closely punctured, sides of vertex 
with punctures of unequal size; end of mandibles not developed into 
distinct teeth. Antennze short, black. Clypeus, broad triangle above, 
and lateral face marks, bright yellow; the last occupy all the space be- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ppiA | 


tween clypeus and eyes, narrowing obliquely upwards so as to form 
nearly a right-angled triangle, continuing narrowly a little way along the 
orbital margin, then enlarging near the top of the eyes to a mark which 
points inwards towards the ocelli. Cheeks yellow, the yellow continuing 
across vertex as a narrow line. Mandibles yellow except ends. White 
pubescence rather sparse on face and cheeks ; also on thorax, becoming 
dense on lower part of pleura. Tubercles, sides of thorax except a 
black patch on lower part of pleura, tegule except a pair of fuscous 
spots (one much larger than the other), sides of mesothorax broadly, 
extending along the front some distance to an oblique truncation, two 
longitudinal stripes on mesothorax, and scutellum except median base, 
all bright yellow. Mesothorax and scutellum granular from a very close 
punctuation. Tubercles with a prominent keel. Hind margin of 
scutellum rounded, with a wide median emargination. Tegule punc- 
tured. Wings subhyaline, strongly smoky in upper part of marginal cell, 
nervures black, second recurrent, going beyond tip of second submarginal 
cell. Posterior truncation of thorax shining black, with a pair of broad 
hammer-shaped yellow marks. Legs yellow; some black on anterior 
coxe above, and at base of anterior femora, also at base of middle tibize 
and on basal two-thirds of hind tibie ; inner sides of all the legs largely 
ferruginous. Middle and hind tibiz, and basal joint of hind tarsi, all 
greatly broadened. Abdomen shining, microscopically tessellate, with 
large sparse punctures, Entire apical yellow bands on segments 1-5, 
broadest at the sides ; apex yellow. Ventral scopa dense, white. 

¢.—About the same size, abdomen more slender. Antenne 
longer, scape yellow in front. Yellow spot near tip of eyes much 
reduced, line on vertex broken and nearly obsolete. Stripes on dorsulum 
wanting. Tegule with one large dark spot. Posterior truncation all 
black ; upper part of pleura largely black. No spine on posterior coxa. 
First three bands of abdomen emarginate at sides. Rounded median 
hind border of sixth segment projecting. Apex rounded, broadly 
emarginate. 

Hab.—Mesilla Valley, N.M., close to Agricultural College; a ? at 
flowers of Zarrea (Creosote bush), May 6 [Ckll.]; also a 2 taken May 
18 by Mr. F. Garcia, anda ¢ taken some years ago by Prof. Tcwnsend, 
both in the Mesilla Valley. Unfortunately the ¢ is reddened by cyanide. 
Mr. Fox kindly compared this species with Cresson’s collection, and 
returned it marked “near occidentale and zebratum.” It can be dis- 


bo 
bo 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


tinguished from these by the colour of the legs and the sides of the 
thorax. ; 

(2.) Anthidium occidentale, Cress. — Described from specimens 
taken in New Mexico by Dr. Samuel Lewis is 1867. Not observed 
by me. 

(3.) Anthidium gilense, n. sp.— 2. Length hardly ro mm.; 
robust, with long wings; black, with lemon-yellow markings. Head, 
mesothorax and scutellum with close, extremely large punctures, 
closest on front, largest on scutellum. Edge of mandibles with small, 
short, but quite distinct, teeth. ‘Tubercles forming an oblong, sharp- 
edged lobe. Hind edge of scutellum straight, sharp, overshadowing 
metathorax. Second recurrent nervure going considerably beyond end 
of second submarginal cell. Abdomen of the subglobose type, shining, 
with large punctures, close enough to produce a subcancellate effect. 
Small spot on each side of clypeus ; broad lateral face marks, extending 
only as far as level of antennze, where abruptly truncate ; continuous line 
on vertex, lateral thirds of front margin of mosothorax broadly, ends of 
tubercles, four spots on scutellum (the middle ones large and elongate), 
all yellow. Cheeks, pleura and shining posterior truncation, black. 
Tegule rufous, with an elongate yellow mark. Wings fuliginous, with a 
hyaline spot just beyond and partly in the third discoidal cell, and a 
much smaller one just beyond apex of second submarginal. Base sub- 
hyaline. Legs ferruginous, anterior femora blackened, a yellow stripe on 
anterior and middle tibiz, a yellow spot at extreme base of hind tibiz. 
First abdominal segment with an oblong yellow spot on each side. 
Second with a band, narrowly interrupted in middle, and produced into a 
short tooth on each side behind. Third to fifth segments with a pair of 
large quadrate yellow marks, and a small spot on each extreme side, 
Apical segment black. Ventral scopa white. Pubescence of legs, thorax 
and head white, but very little of it; a small but conspicuous patch 
behind the wings. 

Hab.—West Fork of Gila River, N. M., July 17, one specimen 
[(C. H. T. Townsend]. Of the N. M. species it most resembles pudicum, 
but it is quite distinct. 

(4.) Anthidium pudicum, Cress.—Five at Santa Fé, N. M.: two on 
flowers of Grindelia sguarrosa, Aug. 2 and 3, in company with AHeriades, 
Melissodes, Megachile and Podalirius ; two resting in hole in adobe wall, 
Aug. 2. A 2? was submitted to Mr. Fox, and returned marked pudicum ; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2238 


the N. M. form is perhaps a distinct race, as all have the markings 
yellow, whereas the typical form from Nevada has them white. 

(5.) Anthidium emarginatum, Say.—Taken in 1867 by Dr. Lewis, 
and described by Cresson as afrifrons. 

(6.) Anthidium interruptum, Say.—Las Cruces, N. M., and Chaves, 
N. M.: four, all taken by Prof. Townsend. Determined by Mr. Fox. 

(7.) Anthidium maculifrons, Smith.—Taken in 1867 by Dr. Lewis. 
One taken by Prof. Townsend in Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., Aug. 15, 
1896, on plant No. 4o. 

(8.) Anthidium maculosum, Cress.—Tuerto Mtn., near Santa Fé, 
8,025 feet, Aug. 7, on flowers of Senecio. Besides the difference in the 
markings, this differs from the last in the abdominal punctation. 

There is in New Mexico another bee which might easily be taken 
for a small Anthidium, namely Ste/is costalis, Cresson. This is a very 
variable species, both as to size and colour. It was taken by Prof. 
Townsend on the West Fork of the Gila R., July 16, and by me at Santa 
Fé, on flowers of Rudbeckia laciniata, July tg. It is the only Stedés yet 
observed in New Mexico. 


A NEW ATTID SPIDER. 
BY T. D, A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M. 
Icius Peckhame, n. sp. 

Length not quite 5 mm. Cephalothorax above brilliant peacock 
green, slightly intermixed with brassy in front; white hairs above the 
row of eyes forming a weak band, also narrowly encircling the eyes ; an 
irregular: patch of white hairs beneath the hindmost eyes ; lateral (in- 
ferior) margins of cephalothorax with a broad, well-defined white band. 
Legs black with white hairs, the hairs so arranged as to divide the legs 
into alternate sections of black and white; the tibiz black at base and 
middle, the tarsi narrowly black at base. Palpi covered with white hairs. 
Mandibles black. Abdomen above brilliant metallic magenta, with the 
base yellowish green ; the sides and the under surface white, minutely 
speckled with black. 

Legs approximately 4 (31) 2. Quadrangle of eyes occupying less 
than half of cephalothorax. First row of eyes a little curved; middle 
eyes almost touching, lateral hardly half their diameter, and separated 
from them by a very short interval. Posterior eyes of the same size as 
anterior lateral, further from each other than from the lateral borders of 
the cephalothorax, Sternum with white hairs, 


224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


In alcohol the abdomen is not so brilliant, and most of those parts 
of the legs covered by white hairs appear brown. The legs have a little 
metallic colour. 

First legs 234 mm. long, second 2%, third 3, fourth 4. Width of 
abdomen, 1% mm. Length of cephalothorax, 2 mm. 

Hab.—In the course of some investigations of the codling moth, 
this beautiful little spider was found not rarely hibernating under the 
bark of apple trees in Mesilla, N. M. Mr. G. W. Peckham, to whom 
specimens were sent, confirms it as new. J. Peckhame is respectfully 
dedicated to Mrs. Elizabeth G. Peckham, who, in conjunction with her 
husband, has done such admirable work on the Attid spiders. The 
present description will serve to fix the name; Mr. and Mrs. Peckham 
will no doubt figure the palpus, etc., when they come to revise the group. 


SPHINX LUSCITIOSA, CLem. 

On the morning of the gth of June, 1897, Mr. Bice took from an 
electric-light pole in London a fine male specimen of that rare moth, 
Sphinx luscitiosa, Clem. 

All the writers upon the Sphingide that I have consulted are agreed 
in pronouncing it rare. Mr, Grote says: ‘This is probably our rarest 
hawk moth of these kinds, proper to the Middle States.” Dr. J. B. 
Smith states that “‘the species is very rare.” This is the first report of 
its being taken in this section of the Province that I am aware of. 

Prof. Fernald, upon information received from the Rev. G. D. 
Hulst, says that it had been bred near Newark, N. J., on willow. Dr. 
Smith says: ‘‘ The species has been frequently raised in the vicinity of 
New York on willow.” But whether willow is its natural food plant, or 
that the larve merely feed upon willow in preference to other plants 
offered to them, is not stated. If willow proves to be its natural food 
plant, it does seem decidedly strange that, with willow everywhere so 
plentiful, Zwsc¢¢iosa should yet remain so very rare, and would lead one 


to surmise that there must be some special influence at work that is the 
cause of it. Up to the time of Dr. Smith’s writing (1888) no descrip- 
tion of the larve was obtainable. J. Atston Morrart. 
London, Ont, 
In my last communication Agrotis catherina is printed as a 
separate species, whereas it ought to have appeared as a synonym of 
Semiophora tenebrifera, Walk. J. A.M, 


Mailed September 2nd, 1897. 


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Vou. XXIX. LONDON, OCTOBER, ALE No. Io. 


BROOD XV. OF CICADA SEPTENDECIM IN OHIO* 
BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. 


Having had the opportunity of working out the distribution of broods 
V., VIII. and XXII. in Indiana, brood XV. in Ohio possessed a peculiar 
interest for me, as in studying it I was able to profit considerably by my 
acquaintance with the others. I perhaps ought to say a word in regard 
to the three other broods mentioned, as one of them (XXII.) is treated of 
at considerable length in the Report of the Entomologist of the United 
States Department of Agriculture for the year 1885, and it was while 
connected with the Department as one of its special agents that these 
three broods were studied. Brood XXII. covered the entire State of 
Indiana, except a narrow strip of land around the lower end of Lake 
Michigan, from ten or fifteen to twenty miles wide, which area was exactly 
covered by brood V. in 1888. The coloured map which accompanies the 
report mentioned is defective in that the two points extending southward, 
not indicated as being covered by this brood, were, as was afterwards 


‘learned, within the area covered by brood XXII. and not covered by 


brood V., the line of separation being about ten miles east of the lake on 
the line between -Michigan and Indiana, and running nearly south-west 
to the east line of Porter county, the course then trending slightly more 
to the westward to the Illinois line ; in no case, I believe, extending to the 
Kankakee River, thus making the line of separation much more uniform 
than the one indicated on the map cited above, on which the dividing line 
is quite irregular. 

Brood VIII. occurred in southern Indiana, becoming excessively 
abundant only in Harrison county, but covering the area south of a line 
drawn from Vincennes to Greencastle, Franklin, and eastward to northern 
Dearborn county. Singularly enough, a single female was brought me at 
Lafayette, fully 60 miles north of Greencastle, which probably marked the 
northernmost point where the species could be said to occur in any numbers, 


* Read before Section ‘‘ F,” Zoology, of A. A. A. S., at Detroit, Michigan, August 
1oth, 1897. 


226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


One of the most striking peculiarities of brood XV. in Ohio was its 
exceedingly uneven distribution within the boundaries of its range. On 
driving over the country during the midst of the season of greatest 
activity, one would suddenly find himself in the midst of a din that was 
almost deafening, and the woods would be browned with discoloured 
twigs, while within a mile he would find himself in the midst of a silence 
that from contrast was almost oppressive, while there was not a discoloured 
twig to be observed. This lack of uniformity in distribution rendered the 
work of locating the exact boundaries of the brood quite difficult in some 
cases, as one must often go miles beyond it in order to be quite sure that 
he had found the last outlying colony. But in other cases the effect was 
the reverse. In going southward from Painesville, over the P. & W. Ry., 
which cuts through what is locally known as ‘“ Johnnycake Ridge,” not 
a note was to be heard, and not a discoloured twig was to be seen on tree 
or shrub, but on leaving the cut, which is by no means a long one, the 
combined notes of the thousands of Cicadas were clearly heard above the 
noise of the train, while scarcely a tree or bush escaped the attack of the 
females, and some of them would not have been more thoroughly browned 
if a fire had broken out among them. In the city of Lancaster they were 
reported as abundant in the east part of the town, while there were scarcely 
any in the western portion, and it turns out that the dividing line between 
this brood and brood XXII. is practically indicated, as nearly the same 
conditions were observed to occur seventeen years ago. 

The brood is certainly becoming weakened each time it reappears, 
and the boundaries of its occurrence did not in many cases extend as far 
as they did when it last appeared, sometimes the difference amounting to 
several miles. Near Painesville it occurred some three miles nearer to 
the lake shore in 1846 and in 1863 than it did in 1880 or the present year. 
It was at Bellevue in 1880, but did not extend so far west this year, and 
the same is true of its occurrence northward toward.the lake. Where it 
was quite abundant in 1880 it did not appear at all this year. It was 
reported by two observing correspondents as having been present in 
limited numbers in Ashtabula county in 1863 and again in 1880, but no 
trace of it could be found this year. In short, it seems to be slowly but 
surely dying out, and will in time be known only in history. Brood XXII. 
is a much stronger one—at least it was in Indiana—but I question if in time 
the Periodical Cicada is not wholly exterminated in Ohio, and there seems 
no reason why this should not be true of many other States. The gradual 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227 


———— —— = _ . = = —————, 


extinction of the native forests will have much to do with this, but their 
natural enemies, especially the English sparrow, are having a much more 
fatal effect. 

In 1885, in Indiana, I first saw the English sparrow come in contact 
with the Periodical Cicada. In the city of Lafayette the insect appeared 
in considerable abundance, and for a few days there was no lack of the 
well-known notes of the male, but suddenly there was a decided falling 
off, and by listening carefully one would occasionally detect a note 
suddenly cut short at its very height, and close watching revealed the fact 
that the sparrows had come to recognize the note as well as the form of 
the musician, and as a result, within a few days, though there were myriads 
in the woods, not a single one could be found in the city, the abundance 
of wings upon the pavements showing too well the tragedies that had been 
enacted there. 

With these observations in mind, I watched for the coming of brood 
XV. in Ohio with considerable interest. On the morning of May 28tha 
full complement of wings was found on the pavement under a shade tree, 
and during the following days these detached wings became more 
numerous, but not a Cicada note was heard. Going out into the residential 
portion of the town at dusk, I would observe pupz emerging from the 
lawns and making their way to the shade trees across the pavement 
bordering the street, but not one could be found the next morning, though 
the pavement was littered with detached wings. While back in the woods 
a half mile away there were great numbers of them, creating almost a 
continual din during the day; in town during the whole season I only 
saw a single living adult and heard not a single note. 

In southern Ohio I one day watched the Cicadas attempting to make 
their way across a clearing, from a bit of woods to an orchard situated 
some distance away and below the woods, which was ona bluff. The 
afternoon sun shone directly across the clearing, thus enabling me to 
witness every attempt of the insects to fly from woods to orchard. The 
sparrows were in the latter, and the moment a Cicada appeared its silvery 
wings would glisten in the sunlight for a few moments, when a sparrow or 
sometimes two of them would make a dash for it, and if the prey was 
missed, as was sometimes the case, the bird would turn suddenly and try 
again, generally with better success. I watched the actions of birds and 
insects for a couple of hours, but did not see a single Cicada cross the 
clearing. Though there were numbers of /revis rape and some other 


228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


butterflies winging their way about over the clearing, I did not see a single 
mistake made on the part of the sparrows. They had become adept 
enough in two or three weeks to be able to distinguish a Cicada with an 
unerringness that was simply surprising, when we come to consider that 
none of their immediate progenitors could have seen or tasted a Cicada. 


Other bird enemies appear to be very few, and these not over- 
voracious. Mr. J. J. Harrison, of Painesville, Ohio, saw the crow black- 
bird feeding upon them in 1846, while the labourers on the Station Farm 
at Wooster claim to have observed the robin to attack them. A species 
of Tachina fly seemed to play havoc with the latter portion of the brood, 
and either owing to this or some other reason, they suddenly disappeared 
between June 24th and June 28th. On the former date, in the Experiment 
Station orchard, they were excessively abundant, while on the latter there 
was not a living Cicada to be found there, while the stench arising from 
the dead bodies was quite apparent to one walking through the orchard. 


As usual, the injury inflicted was slight, except in cases of very young 
orchards, and I saw in one case a, to me at least, unique form of attack. 
This is shown in the plate (fig. 3), and instead of the regular, quite con- 
spicuous punctures (fig. 2) made by the female for a nidus, she appeared to 
have simply thrust her ovipositor into the wood, and with no further 
external wound deposited her ova. 


The distribution of the brood in Ohio is illustrated in the accom- 
panying map, plate 8, fig. 1. 

In its distribution, rivers do not appear to have had much influence, 
as it will be noticed that in southern Meigs county a small area outlined 
by a bend in the Ohio River is only partly covered ; in one township, 7 
Letart, the Cicada not being found at all ; while a corresponding point of 
West Virginia comes within the range of distribution, even though lying 
across the river. From this point the dividing line trends slightly to the 
south-west, passing north of Gallipolis, and extending to the Scioto 
River, at a point a few miles above its mouth, but not extending beyond 
this to the westward. North the line follows the east bank of the river 
until the bend between Waverly and Chillicothe is reached, when it 
crosses the river and holds to its nearly northerly course to near Circle- 
ville. Here the line makes a sharp curve to the north-east to the city of 
Lancaster, in Fairfield county, but trends north-west to the eastern line 
of Franklin county, thence almost northward along the east line of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229 


a = ———— 


Delaware and Morrow counties to a point in Richland county about a 
mile west of the village of Ontario, when it changes again to the north- 
west, crossing the north-east corner of Crawford and the south-east 
corner of Seneca, then a little east of north to a point near Lake Erie, a 
mile and a half south-west of the city of Huron, Erie county. This 
area in Erie county is, however, but little more than a peninsula-like 
extension, and will probably not appear again. Near the south line of 
Erie county the line of demarcation makes a broad sweep to the south- 
east, thus leaving both the north-west and north-east corners of Huron 
county unoccupied, as well as all of Lorain county, except the southern 
portion and ‘south-eastern border, and the western end of Cuyahoga 
county. Just west of Cleveland another peninsular extension occurs 
lakeward, where the Cicada appeared for a few days at first, but sud- 
denly disappeared before the brood reached its maximum in numbers in 
the adjacent counties. This also will hardly appear again. From this 
point to near the eastern end of Lake county the insect keeps well back 
from the lake, though it formerly occupied ground much nearer to the 
shore. ‘The eastern terminus also comprises but little more than a 
promontory, as the course here changes broadly to the south-west and 
then to the south-east, leaving a considerable portion of eastern Geauga 
county and the north-east corner of Portage county unoccupied. The 
dividing line here only touches the south-west corner of Trumbull county 
and includes the western end cf Mahoning and Columbiana counties 
and the southern border of the latter, the line passing into West Vir- 
ginia or Pennsylvania, near East Liverpool, Ohio, where this year a very 
few Cicadas appeared, and where brood XV. overlaps brood XX. 

I shall be obliged to confess that when [ began to map out the 
area covered by brood XV. it was with more enthusiasm than I could 
command when I finished the survey. The map indicates, with a good 
degree of accuracy, the area over which the brood occurred in 1897, but 
that it will as accurately show the area covered by the brood in rgr14, I 
have no expectations. The continued destruction of forests and the 
inroads made upon the brood by its natural enemies will result in great 
changes, not only in the outline of the area of habitation, but this will 
be composed of more and more isolated and continually decreasing 
“Cicada Islands,” as I might term them, until the well-known notes of 
the male will have ceased forever, and the voiceless female will have 
followed her spouse into the shades of oblivion, 


230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


THE NINTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF 
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS, DETROIT, MICH., 
AUGUST 12TH AND 131TH, 1897. 


The Association met in Room 212, Central High School Building, 
immediately following the adjournment of Section F. ‘Thirteen active 
members were present, together with many visitors, prominent among the 
latter being Dr. C. A. Dohrn, Prof. E. B. Poulton, Dr. C. P. Hart, Dr. C. 
S. Minot, and Dr. C. W. Stiles. The Association was called to order by 
the President, and in the absence of Secretary Marlatt a secretary pro tem. 
was chosen. The address of the retiring president, Prof. F. M. Webster, 
treated of ‘‘The Present and Future of Applied Economic Entomology 
in the United States,” and contained, among other very interesting features, 
an admirable tribute to the value of the systematist and a somewhat caustic 
criticism of the ‘species maker,” helpful suggestions for the experiment 
station worker, and a very frank discussion of the unfortunate results 
which attend the attempts sometimes made to combine politics and 
science. ‘The following were elected to active membership : 

G. B. King, Lawrence, Mass. 

Gerald McCarthy, Raleigh, N. C. 

HP. eles Albay ¥ 

A. F. Burgess, Malden, Mass. 

W. B. Barrows, Agricultural College, Mich. 
R. H. Pettit, Agricultural College, Mich. 
W. S. Blatchley, Indianapolis, Ind. 

The following were elected foreign members : 

Claude Fuller and Richard Helm, both of Perth, West Australia. 

These additions increase the numbers of this Association to ninety- 
three active and thirty-one foreign members. 

Following the election of members, Dr. L. O. Howard presented 
« Additional Notes on the Parasites of Orgyza leucostigma.” This paper 
gave the results of the rearing of a large number of primary and secondary 
parasites, and contained a general discussion of the different phases of 
insect parasitisms. 

‘‘ Temperature Effects as Affecting Received Ideas Concerning the 
Hibernation of Insects,” by the same author, showed that a sudden 
alternation between low and high temperatures was remarkably fatal to 


the larve of clothes moths, Buffalo carpet beetles, and other insects of 
allied habits, 


| 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ban 


An abstract of ‘‘ Notes on Certain Species of Coleoptera that Attack 
Useful Plants,” by F. H. Chittenden, was read by the secretary pro tem. 
These notes treated chiefly of the food plants and habits of certain 
Chrysomelids. 

A letter from Miss E. A. Ormerod called particular attention to the 
fact that the house sparrow had been very abundant and very obnoxious 
in certain parts of England, and it seemed probable that some legislation 
or public measures would need to be adopted to control this bird. The 
arrival from Tripoli of a cargo of wheat badly infested by the Angoumois 
moth was recorded and reference made to the occurrence in injurious 
numbers of Xyeborus dispar at Teddington. 

Prof. P. H. Rolfs presented notes on “A Fungus Disease of the San 
José Scale.” This disease seems to be confined to the southern part of 
the United States, but is very helpful to fruit growers there. The scale 
has been almost eradicated from several orchards by this disease. 
Laboratory and field experiments now in progress promise helpful results, 
but it does not seem probable that this disease will be of value in the 
northern part of the United States, since warmth and moisture are 
necessary for its development. 

Mr. Barrows made a brief statement concerning the distribution of 
the San José scale in Michigan. The insect had been found scattered 
throughout the southern counties of the State, where it had probably 
existed for eight years. In discussing this paper, Mr. Craig spoke of the 
occurrence of the scale in southern Ontario, where there were at least 
seven infested localities. 

A paper from Prof. C. P. Gillette, on “Insects Taken at Light and 
Sugar,” evoked considerable discussion, and was followed by “A Study 
of the Possible Origin and Distribution of the Chinch Bug,” by Prof. F. 
M. Webster. ‘The author advanced the idea that this insect had originated 
in the southern part of the United States, and spread by two diverging 
streams up the Mississippi Valley and along the eastern Atlantic coast. 
In the former region the long-winged form predominated, while the coast 
form was short-winged. In the discussion following this paper the general 
opinion seemed to be that the length of the wings depended upon environ- 
ment rather than heredity. Mr. C. W. Mally recorded the capture at 
Ohio of a specimen having one long and one short wing, thus throwing 
additional light upon the relationship between the two forms, 

“Notes on the Common House Fly,” by Mr. Howard, gave the 


Za2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


negative results of a series of experiments with lime, land plaster, etc., 
used to destroy the larvee of the house fly. He emphasized the necessity 
of greater cleanliness in the management of horse stables. 

A paper from Mr. Gillette, on ‘“‘ Vernacular Names of Insects,” was 
read and referred to a committee consisting of Messrs. Howard, Fernald 
and Lintner. A communication from C. P. Lounsbury, giving very in- 
teresting notes on ‘Cape of Good Hope Insects,” particularly the 
locusts of that region, was then read.° 

Mr. H. G. Hubbard presented an account of the ‘“ Insect Fauna of . 
the Giant Cactus,” recording the capture of a large number of insects on 
this plant and giving notes on their habits. 

Mr. Howard described “ A Valuable Coccid” lately discovered in 
Arizona and New Mexico, from which, by suitable treatment, a good 


grade of white wax could be obtained. The refuse from this operation 
is of the nature and consistence of India-rubber, and may be of com- 
mercial value. 

““ Notes on Insects of the Year,” by Messrs. Webster and Mally, 
recording interesting experiences with several of the common insect 
pests. The negative results of a series of experiments with kainit, 
against the insects attacking the roots of the grape, caused considerable 
discussion, and the need for further Spee ao along this line was 
pointed out. 

A paper by A. H. Kirkland, on “ Preparation and Use of Arsenate 
of Lead,” detailed a method of preparing this insecticide at a cost of 
about seven cents per pound. Work against the Gypsy moth was 
mentioned, and the condition of the infested region was reported as 
generally better than that of last year. This undertaking, however, is 
still handicapped by insufficient financial support. 

“A Malodorous Carabid,” by Mr. Barrows, gave extensive notes 
on the annoyance and discomfort caused by the almost unbearable odour 
of this insect, omius pygmaeus. 

At the final adjournment of the session it was voted to hold the 
next meeting at Boston, Mass., August 19th and 2oth. 

Several resolutions were passed, among which were (1) a resolution 
requesting the publication of the proceedings as a bulletin of the Division 
of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, and (2) expressing familiarity 
with the efforts uf the State of Massachusetts to exterminate the Gypsy 
moth, and commending the results already accomplished. 

The election of officers resulted as follows: President, Herbert 
Osborn, Ames, Iowa; rst Vice-President, Lawrence Bruner, Lincoln, 
Neb.; ond Vice-President, C. P. Gillette, Ft. Collins, Colo.; Seon 
and Treasurer, C. L. Marlatt, Washington, RC. 


A, H. KIRKLAND, Secretary pro tem. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233 


AO Gist: OF, THE «COLEOPTERA, OF . THE. SOUTHERN 
CALIFORNIA ISLANDS, WITH NOTES AND 
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 


BY H. C. FALL, PASADENA, CAL. 


Early in May of the present year (1897) the Pasadena Science Club 
sent three of its members on a month’s general collecting trip to certain 
of the Santa Barbara islands lying off the coast of Southern California. 
While none of the members of the expedition were, strictly speaking, 
entomologists, a considerable experience in collecting, combined with 
some preliminary instruction, enabled them to devote intelligently a 
portion of their time to the collection of insects, more especially of the 
Coleoptera. 

The islands visited were in the order named, Santa Barbara, San 
Nicolas, and San Clemente, distant respectively forty, sixty, and fifty 
miles from the nearest point on the mainland. Inasmuch as the entire 
material in Coleoptera, consisting of forty-six species and upward of one 
thousand specimens, has been submitted to me for study, it seems a 
fitting occasion for presenting as complete a list as possible of the 
coleopterological fauna of the entire group of islands, from Santa Cruz to 
Guadalupe. 


To Eastern collectors it may seen a matter for wonderment that so 
interesting a field should so long remain, entomologically speaking, 
practically unexplored ; yet it must be remembered that entomologists 
are here exceedingly few and far between, and the islands are, with the 
exception, for the past few years, of Catalina, nearly or quite uninhabited 
and not conveniently accessible. Every now and then, to be sure, an 
Eastern man appears with bottles and net, but to him the whole vast 
region is a terra incognita. Mountain and desert and valley offer 
opportunities without number ; he takes the goods the gods provide and 
troubles not himself about possibilities in lands hull down in the Pacific. 
And so it happens that the few beetles recorded from the islands we owe 
to the kindness of one or another of the botanists or ornithologists who 
have at long intervals found their way there. 


It is believed by those best competent to judge that these islands are 
the summits of a submerged mountain range forming a part of the 
mainland, or at least connected with it as a peninsula, until after the 
beginning of the Quaternary Period, when it was separated and broken 


234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


up into islands by subsidence. The close similarity between the flora 
and fauna of Guadalupe and California has several times been cited in 
support of this view and seems in itself almost conclusive. 


As far as I can learn from the literature at hand, the following fifteen 
species of Coleoptera are all that were described or reported from the 
islands up to 1875: 

From Santa Cruz—Asaphes tumescens, Malthodes laticollis, Phobetus 
comatus, Ernobius debilis, Helops Bachet ; from Santa Catalina—Pristos- 
celis punctipennis and P. pedalis ; from San Clemente — Coniontis Lata, 
Eusattus robustus, Eulabis grossa, Amara insularis; from Santa Bar- 
bara — Lleodes scabripennis, Cibdelis Bachei and Meloe barbara. 
Pristoscelis znescens is said to be “from the islands off Santa Barbara,” 
and it is more than probable that the same reading should be applied to 
the three preceding species. Nearly if not all the above named species 
were taken either by C. M. Bache or Dr, J. G. Cooper and given to Dr. 
Leconte, by whom they were described (1861-1866), with the exception 
ot Amara insularis, which was described by Dr. Horn in 1875. 

In 1875, Dr. Edward Palmer brought from the Guadalupe Islands 
the following twenty-three species, which were enumerated by Dr. Horn, 
‘Trans.-Am. Ent. Soc., Vi; 1676: 


Calosoma semilzeve, Lec. Trogosita virescens, Fab. 

" Palmeri, Horn. Saprinus lugens, Er. 
Bembidium striola, Lec. Cardiophorus luridipes, Cand. 
Amara insignis, Dej. Pristoscelis pedalis, Lec. 

1 californica, Dej. Necrobia rufipes, Fab. 
Platynus maculicollis, De). Coenonycha socialis, Horn, 
Calathus obscurus, Lec. Atimia dorsalis, Lec. 
Tachycellus nebulosus, Lec. Ccelotaxis muricata, Horn, 
Anisodactylus piceus, Mén. " punctata, Horn. 
Anisotarsus flebilis, Lec. Conibius seriatus, Lec. 
Necrophorus nigrita, Mann. Helops Bachei, Lec., var. 


Dermestes vulpinus, Fab. 


In an appendix to the annual report of the Chief of Engineers for 
1876, Dr. Leconte gives a list of species taken in So. California the 
previous year by the expedition for geographical survey under Lieut. 
Geo. M. Wheeler, among which are the following seventeen species from 
the island of Santa Cruz: 


THR CANADIAN 


—<—$—$$  _—_ —____- —_____ 


Omophron dentatum, Lec. 
-~Bembidium transversale, Dej. 
Calathus ruficollis, Dej., var. 
Platynus brunneomarginatus, Mann. 
Pterostichus lztulus, Dej. 

Amara californica, Dej. 
Anisodactylus consobrinus, Lec. 
Hippodamia vittigera, Mann. 


ENTOMOLOGIST. Dean 


Tropisternus californicus, Lec. 
Hydrocharis glaucus, Lec. 
Carpophilus pallipennis, Say. 
Polycaon Stoutii, Lec. 
Phloeodes diabolicus, Lec. 
Coniontis viatica, Esch. 

" subpubescens, Lec. 
Cratidus osculans, Lec. 


Dermestes talpinus, Mann. 


In 1892 — Zoe, Vol. III., p. 262 — Mr. F. A. Seavey gives a short 
list of insects taken by him on Santa Catalina in August of that year. 
This list includes fourteen species of Coleoptera, of which three — 
Balaninus obtusus, Pristoscelis quadricollis and Anthonomus canus — 
are quite surely incorrectly determined and will not be included in the 
tollowing list. 

During parts of July and August, 1892 and 1894, about four weeks 
in the aggregate was spent by the writer on Catalina. The island was 
then very dry and collecting was rather unremunerative. Nevertheless 
upward of one hundred species were added to previous records. 


To these must be added more than thirty species out of seventy-five 
taken by Dr. Gustav Eisen on Santa Rosa during May of the present 
year ; a few taken on Catalina by Dr. A. Fenyes, of Pasadena, at about 
the same time ; and finally, about half of the forty-six species collected by 
the expedition alluded to at the beginning of this article. The material 
collected by them is of especial interest inasmuch as it is probable that 
no insects have before been brought from either Santa Barbara or San 
Nicolas—the most remote of all the islands of the Santa Barbara group— 
and but four beetles from San Clemente. The catch of Dr. Eisen on 
Santa Rosa is of nearly equal interest for similar reasons. The following 
abbreviations are used in the subjoined list : 


B. Santa Barbara. G. Guadalupe. 


Ca. Santa Catalina. N. San Nicolas. 
Cl. San Clemente. R. Santa Rosa. 
Cz. Santa Cruz. 

aaa 


Species hitherto recorded from same island. 


+ Species not known to occur on mainland, 


236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Cicindela oregona, Lec. R. 


Omophron dentatum, Lec. Cz.* R. 


Cychrus mimus, Horn. Ca. 
Calosoma semileve, Lec. 
; eae Palmeri, Horn. G.* 
Dyschirius gibbipennis, Lec. R. 


Schizogenius depressus, Lec. Ca. 
Bembidium transversale, Dej. Cz. 


ae 
Bembidium striola, Lec. 


CanG:* 


" platynoides, Haywd. R. 
" indistinctum, Dej. R. 


" ephippiger, Lec. R. 
" iridescens, Lec. Ca. 
‘Tachys-vittiger, Lec. Ca: 
Hon sp.nov Gl. 


Pterostichus Isabelle, Lec. Ca. Cl. 
" Menetriesii, Mots. R. 
" leetulus, Lec. »Cz.* R, 
" sp. indet. R. 

Amara insignis, Dej. G.* Ca.* R. 

7° n> ansularis, (Horn, Ch * Nib. 


4 Califormica; Dex (Gi* Cz Re 


CaCzs 
G.* RP 


Calathus ruficollis, Dej. 
" obscurus, Lec. 


Platynus brunneomarginatus, Mann. 


GaerCz sR! 

Platynus funebris, Lec. Ca. 
»  maculicollis, Dej. 
" variolatus, Lec. Ca. 


Brachynus carinulatus, Mots.? Ca. 


Chlenius obsoletus, Lec. Ca. 
Agonoderus lineola, Fab. R. 
Stenoiophus limbalis, Lec. Ca. 
Bradycellus rupestris, Say. Ca. 
" californicus, Lec. R. 
Tachycellus nebulosus, Lec. G.* 
" nitidus, Dej. Ca, R. 


Ge aR: 


Grime 


Anisodactylus dilatatus, Dej. R. 
" piceus, Mén. G.* R. 
Anisodactylus consobrinus, Lec. 

Cac aa 
Anisodactylus californicus, 

Cao: 
Anisotarsus flebilis, Lec. G.* 
Deronectes striatellus, Lec. R. 
Hydroporus vilis, Lec. Ca. R. 
Agabinus glabrellus, Mots. Ca. 
Agabus lugens, Lec. R. 
Ochthebius discretus, Lec: Ca. 
Tropisternus ellipticus, Lec. Ca. 
Tropisternus californicus, Lec. Ca. 

pa On 
Hydrocharis glaucus, Lec. Cz.*R. 
Cheetarthria nigrella, Lec. Ca. 
Laccophilus ellipticus, Lec. Ca.R. 
Cymbiodyta dorsalis, Mots. Ca.R. 
Cercyon luniger, Mann. Ca. 
Necrophorus guttula, Mots. Cl. 
Necrophorus nigritus, Mann. G. * 

Ci. 
Silpha ramosa, Say. R. 

1 lapponica, Hbst. R. 

Aleochara bimaculata,Grav. Ca.Cl. 

" sulcicollis, Mann. R. 
Polistoma arenaria, Csy. Ca. B. 
Heterothops californicus, Lec. Ca. 
Creophilus villosus, Grav. Ca. Cl. 
Hadrotes crassus, Mann. R. 
Philonthus longicornis, Steph. Ca. 

" nigritulus, Grav. Ca. 

" Lecontei, Horn. R. 
Actobius puncticeps, Horn. Ca. 
Cafius canescens, Mann. N. 

»  lithocharinus, Lec. R. 
1 luteipennis, Horn, R. 


Dieq: 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Cafius sulcicollis, Lec. R. 
We opacis; Lec: Cat 
Lathrobium jacobinum, Lec. R. 
Caloderma reductum, Csy. Ca. 
" mobile, Csy. Ca. 
It Sp. Cas 

Tachy p orus californicus, Horn. 
a. RK. 

Pseudopsis, sp. Ca. 

Haploderus flavipennis, Csy. Ca. 


Apocellus analis, Lec. Ca. 
Hippodamia vittigera, Mann. Cz.* 
Hippodamia ambigua, Lec. Ca. * 


Che. 
Hippodamia convergens,Guér. Ca.* 
Coccinella, v. californica, Mann. 

C2. Cl. NiR. 

Cycloneda oculata, Fab. Ca. 
" sanguinea, Linn. 
Psyllobora, v. teedata, Lec. 
Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls. 
Cryptognatha cataline, Horn, 
Cl. 
Hyperaspis lateralis, Muls. 
Scymnus guttulatus, Lec. 

" nebulosus, Lec. Ca. 

" cervicalis, Muls. Ca. 

" marginicollis, Mann. Ca. 

r ardelio, Horn. Ca. Cl. 
Cephaloscymnus occidentalis, 

Horn. Ca. 

Cephaloscymnus ornatus, Horn. Ca. 
Rhizobius lophanthe, Blaisd. Cl. 
Aphorista morosa, Lec. R. 
Cryptophagus, sp. Ca. Cl. 
Atomaria, sp. R. 
Dermestes marmoratus, Say. 


Cl. N.R, 


(Gaee* 
Ga-* 
Ca.* 

Ga. 


Ca.* 
Ca: 


Ga. 


237 
Dermestes Mannerheimii, Lec. Cl. 
N. B. R. 
Dermestes talpinus, Mann. Cz.* 
" tristis, n., sp. R. 
" vulpinus, Fab. G.* 


Trogoderma sternale, Jayne. Ca. 
Hololepta vicina, Lec. Ca. 
Saprinus interstitialis, Lec. Ca. 


" lugens,Er. CI.N.B.G.* R. 
" fimbriatus, Lec. Ca. 
" vitiosus, Lec. Ca.* 
" lubricus,/Lee* Gaz Gla R: 
" sp. near laridus. Ca. 
Cercus sericans, Lec. Ca. 
Carpophilus pallipennis, Say. Ca. 
Cage Ch , 
Coninomus fulvipennis, Mann. Ca. 
Corticaria distinguenda, Com. Ca. 
GL 
Corticaria, sp. Ca. 
Trogosita virescens, Fab. G. * 
Dryops productus, Lec. Ca. ° 
Cardiophorus luridipes, Cand. . G.* 


Melanotus variolatus, Lec. Ca. 
Asaphes tumescens, Lec. Cz.* 
Acmeodera connexa, Lec. R. 


Telephorus notatus, Mann.,var. Ca. 
Malthodes laticollis, Lec. Cz.* 
Collops cribrosus, Lec. R. 


Endeodes abdominalis, Lec. — Ca. 
fi cee kespuGae 
" Sp. R. 


Malachius, sp. nov.? R. 

+ Attalus subfasciatus, n. sp.- Cl. 

Pristoscelis xnescens, Lec. B.* R. 
" punctipennis, Lec. Ca.* 

Pristoscelis pedalis, Lec, Ca,* 
Garth 


238 THE CANADIAN 


Listrus, sp. Cl. R. 

+ Dasytes, sp. nov. Ca. 

7 un sp.nov. Cl. 

Eschatocrepis constrictus, Lec. Ca. 

Cymatodera ovipennis, Lec. Ca. 
" angustata, Spin. R. 

Necrobia rufipes, Fab. G. * Ca. 

CLR. 

Necrobia ruficollis, Fab. Cl. 

+ Ernobius debilis, Lec. Cz. * 

{ Oligomerus? n. sp. Ca. 

Trypopitys tenuilineata, Horn. Ca. 

Hemiptychus obsoletus, Lec.? Ca. 


Euceratocerus Hornii, Lec. Ca. 
Sinoxylon declive, Lec. N. 
Polycaon Stoutii, Lec. Cz. * 
Gis, sp; Ca, 

Ccenonycha rotundata, Lec. Ca. 
+ " socialis, Horn. G. * 


Phobetus comatus,Lec. Ca.Cz.* R. 
Cyclocephala villosa, Burm. Ca. 
Phymatodes juglandis, Leng? R. 
Oeme gracilis, Lec. Ca. 
Romaleum simplicicolle, Hald. Ca. 
Megobrium Edwardsii, Lec. R.* 
Xylotrechus obliteratus, Lec. Ca. 
Atimia dorsalis, Lec. G.* 
Ipochus fasciatus, Lec. Ca. 
Pachybrachys, sp. Ca. 

" sp. Ca. 
Diachus auratus, Fab. Ca. Cl. R. 
{Colaspidea subvittata, n.sp. Ca.Cl. 
Diabrotica soror, Lec. Ca. * 


Monoxia puncticollis, Say. R. 
Phyllotreta pusilla, Horn. Ca. 
Bruchus pauperculus, Lec. Ca. 


Eurymetopon convexicolle, Lec. Ca. 
Phloeodes diabolicus, Lec, Cz. * 


ENTOMOLOGIST. 

Nyctoporis carinata, Lec. Ca. R. 

Coniontis elliptica, Csy. Ca. R. 

rT i lata; Lecas Chie Bae 

+ Coniontis lata, var. insularis, Csy. 
Cz 0S ane 

Coniontis viatica, Lec. Cz. * 


Coniontis subpubescens, Lec. Ca. 

Cz" 
+ Coelotaxis punctulata, Horn. G.* 
+ " muricata, Horn. G, * 
+ " angustula,Csy. G.* 
+ Coelus pacificus, n. sp. N. R. 
+ . “i, sremotus,; asp aie 
+ Eusattus robustus, Lec. Cl. * 

" politus, Horn. R. 

Eleodes quadricollis, Esch. Ca. 

1 dentipes, Esch. Cl N. R. 


« scabripennis, Lec. B.* R. 
+ Eulabis grossa, Lec. Cl. * N. B. 

" pubescens, Lec. Ca. 

" obscura, Lec. R. 
Amphidora littoralis, Esch. Ca. R. 
Cratidus osculans, Lec. Cz.* R. 
Cibdelis Bachei, Lec. B. * 


Blapstinus rufipes, Csy. Ca. 
" brevicollis, Lec.? 
Conibius seriatus, Lec. G. * 
Notibius sulcatus, Lec. Cl. 
+ Helops Bachei, Lec. R. 


Baer i -VarnsiGaee 
" sp. Ga: 


Hymenorus infuscatus, Csy. Ca. 
Isomira variabilis, Horn. Cl. 
Pentaria nubila, Lec. Ca. 
Anaspis collaris, Lec. Ca. 
Mordellistena, sp. Ca. 

i" sp. Ca. 
Notoxus constrictus, Csy. Ca, 


R. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239 


Anthicus californicus, Laf. Ca. Cl. Apion antennatum, Sm. Ca. 


fags. Gaol. » cedorhynchum, Lec. Ca. 
+ Meloe barbara, Lec. B. * Cleonus basalis, n. sp. Cl. 
i arSpu 6 Ca. Smicronyx, sp. R. 
Rhynchites aureus, Lec. Cl. Anthonomus pauperculus, Lec. Ca. 
" sp. nov.P? Ca. Tychius, n. sp. N. 
Trigonoscuta pilosa, Mots. Cl. R.  Balaninus occidentis, Csy. Ca. 
Sciopithes setosus, Csy. var. Cl. Sphenophorus vomerinus, Lec. R, 


Concerning the value of certain names upon which there is a 
disagreement among authorities I am unable to offer any very well 
founded opinion. I am, however, inclined to doubt the validity of 
Cryptognatha cataline, Horn, and Celotaxis angustula, Casey ; and on 
the other hand it seems probable that Conibius guadalupensis, Casey, is a 
good species and not a form of serzatus as recorded by Dr. Horn. 


Tachys, sp.—Two specimens from Clemente are closely allied to 
corax, Lec., but seem distinct by the obviously less transverse thorax. 


Amara insularis, Horn.—Very abundant on all the islands visited 
by the Pasadena party. I saw no signs of it on Catalina in midsummer, 
though the dried remains of zzszgnzs were common enough. 


Agabinus glabrellus, Mots.—Not rare on Catalina. Very scarce on 
the mainland in the streams in the mountain canons. 


Cercyon luniger, Mann.— A small number found in decaying sea- 
weed on Catalina ; jimbriatum, which may be found by thousands along 
the opposite coast, has not yet been detected. 


Hippodamia ambigua, Lec.—Specimens from Santa Rosa might with 
equal propriety be placed with convergens. Unless some other character 
than thoracic markings can be discovered to separate these two so-called 
Species they cannot be held as distinct. They constantly occur together 
everywhere in South California, and intermediate forms are frequent. 

Rhizobius lophanthe.—lt is certain that this beetle is an importation 
from Australia, but it seems very probable that the pioneers were not 
introduced as advertised. How it first got here is a mystery, but it is 
surely here to stay, and is now quite as much at home as any of our 
mative Scymni. Although already widely distributed in California, its 
occurrence on an island so distant and so rarely visited as San Clemente 
was, to say the least, unexpected. 

Aphorista morosa.—According to Mr. Ricksecker this and Zefa are 


240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


sexes of the same species, the latter being the female. JZorosa is in my 
experience much more commonly met with in So. California than Zefa. 

Endeodes.—The species of this genus are among the most curious of 
the Coleoptera inhabiting the California sea beaches. They are to be 
found most frequently in April and May running about on the sand, or 
concealed under rubbish or driftwood so common in such situations, The 
two undetermined species are represented by one specimen each. ‘That 
from Catalina was taken by me in July, and is quite surely nondescript, 
differing from our described species by the very minute elytra, as well as 
in coloration. The Santa Rosa example is almost entirely black, and is 
possibly a colour variety of coddaris. 

Phobetus comatus.—There is a very confusing amount of variation 
exhibited by specimens of this species from various localities in the State, 
Specimens taken by myself on Catalina, of small size, subimpunctate 
thorax with hind angles entirely wanting, seem quite distinct when 
compared with a series from Fresno county, of larger size, different colour, 
rather closely punctate thorax with distinct hind angles. I have, how- 
ever, seen intermediate forms, and it would be unsafe to make a division 
without a large series from diverse localities. The name ¢estaceus was 
originally given by Leconte to specimens from Santa Cruz Island, and it 
may possibly have to be revived. 

Xylotrechus obliteratus.—A fine series of this beautiful longicorn 
was taken by Dr. Fenyes on Catalina, All the specimens found were 
males, the females being indeed very rarely taken. The species occurs 
on willows. 

Ipochus fasciatus.—This occurs rather plentifully on Catalina under 
the bark and on the branches of dead Rhus laurina (or R. integrifolia). 
The form, size, sculpture and markings vary greatly, often in a series 
taken from the same tree. 

Balaninus occidentis, Casey.— ‘This species has heretofore been 
confounded with zzzformis, but is abundantly distinct. It is common 
enough on Catalina, but much less so on the mainland, frequenting 
several species of oaks. 


A certain small species taken on Santa Catalina by myself in 1894, 
and again found on Clemente this year, has not been included in the list 
for the simple reason that its affinities are not yet sufficiently clear to 
admit of placing it even in a family sense. Two of our specialists to 
whom specimens have been sent have ventured opinions that are quite 
at variance ; the case is therefore postponed for further hearing. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 941 


It is not unlikely that a few species have been overlooked in the 
preparation of the preceding list, but it is hoped that any such omission 
may not seriously impair its usefulness as a foundation on which to base 
any future reports on the Coleoptera of these islands. 

It need scarcely be said that the 226 species enumerated here can 
represent but a fraction of the entire coleopterological fauna. 

The following species, it is believed, are now made known for the 
first ttme. There are surely a number of other undescribed species, but 
their, description would involve far more study than can now be 
devoted to them. 

Celus pacificus, 1 sp.—Broadly oblong, elliptical, moderately con- 
vex, piceous black, surface polished. Epistoma broadly sinuate, antenne 
with three-jointed club. Prothorax equal in width to the elytra, a little 
more than twice as wide as the length at the middle, widest immediately 
before the base, sides rather feebly arcuate and strongly convergent, 
moderately densely evenly punctate throughout. Elytra twice as long as 
- the thorax along the median line, not longer than wide, equally densely 
but more finely punctate than the thorax, the punctures not in the least 
asperate on the disk, and only very feebly so on the declivity and along 
the margin. Process of first tarsal joint extending under the next three. 

Length, 7 mm.; width, 5 mm. 

Very distinct from any of our described species by the conspicuously 
long prothorax, and from all but the next in the almost entire lack of 
elytral asperities. The marginal fringe of hairs on the prothorax is 
noticeably shorter and finer than in any of our mainland species. 
Described from a single example of unknown sex taken.on San Nicolas, 
May 24. Since the above description was written I have seen numerous 
examples in the material collected by Dr. Eisen on Santa Rosa. With 
the exception of some variation in size these differ in no noteworthy 
respect from the San Nicolas type. 

. Celus remotus, n sp.—Very convex, piceous black, legs and elytra 
brown. Epistoma broadly sinuate, antennal club four-jointed. Pro- 
thorax similar in outline to pacificus, but shorter; surface subopaque, 
densely coarsely punctate. Elytra shining, densely finely punctate, 
without trace of asperities. Process of first tarsal joint extending beneath 
the next two, 

Length, 6.5-7 mm.; width, 4-4.5 mm. 

‘The above brief description is sufficient to characterize this some- 


242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


what remarkable species, of which a single pair was taken (June 3) on 
San Clemente. 

The marginal fringe is longer than in Jacificus, but thinner than 
usual, 

Both the above described species were found under rubbish at a 
distance from the shore, and have probably the habits of Coniontis and 
Ccelotaxis rather than those of the other members of the genus. © This 
might indeed be safely inferred from the less developed marginal hairs 
and lack of elytral asperities, which have an undoubted connection with 
the habits possessed by the mainland species of burrowing in loose sand. 
Whether we have here a change from the ancestral mode of life, due to a 
change of environment, or whether, as seems to me more likely, the 
burrowing habit is of recent development and the island species are the 
surviving representatives of an earlier type, is an interesting question. 

Cleonus basalis, n. sp. — Moderately stout, integuments black, 
polished. Beak three-fourths as long as the prothorax, not dilated at 
tip, rather thinly clothed above and beneath with short cinereous hairs, 
sides glabrous, above subcarinate in basal two-thirds, rather coarsely 
punctate throughout. Prothorax as long as wide, sides very slightly 
convergent, apex feebly constricted, basal lobe angulate, surface very 
closely densely punctate, feebly carinate in apical half, deeply excavate 
behind. Vestiture condensed in four narrow vitte; the two dorsal 
approximate in front, posteriorly divergent and incomplete ; the lateral 
vittze dislocated at the apical constriction. Elytra barely twice as long as 
wide, humeri rounded, tips separately rounded and scarcely acuminate ; 
stria composed of large, closely-placed punctures ; intervals scarcely 
wider than the punctures, especially on the disk ; base strongly impressed © 
each side, leaving the base of the third and to a less degree that of the 
sixth interval strongly tumid. The third, fourth, fifth and outer three 
intervals are so thinly clothed as to appear glabrous; the first is, how- 
ever, very finely pubescent throughout, as is the seventh behind the 
middle. The dark areas contain a few small spots of condensed hairs, 
and there is a larger conspicuous spot at the base of the second interval. 
Lower surface and legs as usual. The third joint of hind tarsi is small, 
but obviously wider than the second. 

Length, 1o mm.; width, 3.5 mm. 

Hab.—San Clemente. 

The single male above described must evidently be placed near 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245 


guadrilineatus by Casey’s table — Coleop. Not., III., p. 186— but the 
deep basal excavations of the thorax and elytra, as well as the dense 
punctuation of the former, clearly separate them. The ocular lobes are 
moderately well developed in dasa/is, and are said to be wanting in 
guadrilineatus. 


Attalus subfasciatus, n. sp.—Very small, narrow, depressed, black, 
thorax with sides behind and base narrowly testaceous, elytra with a 
slightly antemedian pale fascia which is interrupted at the suture. Head 
broad, antenne slender, not in the least serrate, reaching the middle of 
the elytra (? ), or as long as the entire body (¢), the four basal joints 
pale. Thorax narrowed behind, of the same form as in Endeodes. 
Elytra parallel ( ¢), or posteriorly dilated (? ). The pubescence consists 
as usual of very short semi-erect hairs, with longer erect darker hairs 
sparsely placed. 


Length, 1.5-2 mm. 
Hab. — San Clemente. 


Described from one f and eight 9s. A very peculiar little species, 
differing in antennal structure, form of thorax and style of elytral color- 
‘ation from all other species in our fauna. It may for the present be 
placed next to /odu/atus in which there is a faint indication of the present 
form of thorax. 


Colaspidea subvittata, n. sp.— Piceous, with more or less distinct 
greenish-bronze lustre ; legs, more especially tibiz and tarsi, rufescent. 
Sides of prothorax not strongly rounded, punctuation moderately close, a 
little coarser on the elytra. Pubescence long (for the genus), recumbent, 
distinctly subvittate on the elytra in fresh examples. Length, 3.5-4.5 mm. 
Found abundantiy by me on Catalina, also brought from Clemente. 
There is practically no variation except in size in the large number of 
specimens examined. The mainland species, on the contrary, exhibit a 
bewildering amount of variation in size, colour, punctuation, and even in 
form. One variety of varicolor is of nearly the same colour, but the 
pubescence is erect and the thorax more strongly rounded at the sides. 
The pubescence is much more easily removable in swdvéttata than in any 
of the other species, and the vittate arrangement is scarcely evident except 
in very fresh examples. In the males the antennz are somewhat longer 
and all the tarsi moderately dilated—characters common to all the species 
of the genus. 


244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Dermestes tristis, n. sp.—Length, .22-.26 inch. Elongate convex, 
parallel, black, clothed above with black pubescence, with a sprinkling of 
paler hairs on the prothorax, and rarely mottled with cinereous hairs on 
the elytra. Scutellum densely clothed with ochreous hairs, usually form- 
ing the only relief to the sombre aspect of the upper surface. Thorax 
not very obtusely rounded in front, anterior portion of lateral margin 
invisible from above, sides uniformly rounded, slightly sinuate before the 
front angles, which are distinct and only slightly obtuse. Surface of 
thorax densely, more coarsely punctate than usual. Beneath clothed as 
usual with dense white pubescence, with lateral series of black spots ; pre- 
vailing colour of last ventral whitish ; legs annulated with white. Males 
with median pits on third and fourth ventrals, tarsi clothed beneath 
with spinous hairs. Occurs in various parts of maritime So. California, 
and on Santa Rosa Island. 

One of our smallest species, perhaps most nearly resembling 
talpinus. The latter is, however, more robust, with ochreous and gray 
mottlings on the elytra, sides of thorax more strongly rounded near the 
base, and pubescent male tarsi. 

It seems not to have been noticed that in a considerable number of 
our species of Dermestes the front and middle tarsi of the male are rather 
densely pubescent beneath. The character is an important one and 
enables us to establish the distinctness of Zannerheimii, which has never 
looked right as a variety of marmoratus. These last named species may 
then be thus compared : 

Marmoratus.—Size large (.40-.45 in.), elytra mottled with ochreous 
and cinereous hairs, tarsi spinous beneath in both sexes. 
MANNERHEIMII.—Size smaller (.24-.32 in.), elytra mottled with cinereous 
only, front and middle tarsi ( g ) pubescent beneath. 


HEPIALUS QUADRIGUTTATUS, Grote.—This large salmon-pink variety 
was taken this year near Metis, P.Q. Messrs. L. Reford and E. Brainerd, 
of Montreal, chanced one day to pick up the wing of a specimen on a 
little dry area in a swamp several miles from Metis. They returned to 
the village for a lantern, and then tramped back again. Their industry 
was rewarded by the capture of two specimens. They saw five others, 
and report that the moths appeared about nine o’clock p.m., and flew in 
a zigzag horizontally, not up and down like H ¢Aude. This species has 
been taken in Ontario by Mr. Elcome, at Peterborough, and at Roach’s 
Point, Lake Simcoe, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245 


LEDRA PERDITA vs. CENTRUCHUS LIEBECKII. 


BY F. W. GODING, M. D., PH. D,, RUTLAND, TLL. 


In the February Canapian Enromotocist, page 38, Prof. C. F. 
Baker contributes an article on Zedra perdita, A. and S., in which he 
attempts to identify the insect described by Amyot and Serville under 
that name with my Centruchus Liebeckii. Those authors describe their 
species from an admittedly inaccurate figure, the original type having 
been destroyed. They state that their species is from Northern America. 
[See note.] Van Duzee states (fide Baker) that serdita is from Penn- 
sylvania, on what authority I do not know, and Prof. Baker decides that 
because Van Duzee gives that State as the habitat of the insect, and my 
species having been described from the same commonwealth, they must 
be identical. As there is no proof beyond the dictum of Van Duzee that 
Ledra perdita is from Pennsylvania that point may be dropped until we 
hear further from him. He is too careful a student of our Homoptera to 
be guilty of confusing a Membracid with a Zedra. The facts regarding 
Fitch’s identification are these: -While in Washington a few years ago, 
and working over the Fitch material, I found an example of Liebeckii 
labeled in Fitch’s handwriting, “ Ledra perdita, A. and S.,” and “ capra, 
Mels.,” both names being on the label, which I recorded in the Cana- 
DIAN Entomotocist,. Vol. XXV., p. 172. Fitch never published his 
opinion regarding this species. Prof. Baker (I. c.) says: “So peculiar 
in form is it that there is nota possibility of confusing it with anything 
else in our fauna.” Since that was written he has come into possession 
of a copy of Fowler’s great work on the Membracide of Mexico and 


Central America, and I do not doubt that since he has examined 
Fowler’s figure of Centruchoides laticornis his opinion has undergone a 
change, for the figure of ferdita certainly resembles that figure as closely 
as it would a figure of Zzebeckiz. The same is true with several others of 
the Centrotine, viz., ca//icentrus, etc., etc., from “* Northern America.” 


Nore.—I do not know where Mr, Van Duzee publishes my reference to this 
species beyond a note in his catalogue of the Jasside, wherein he says: ‘One 
American species of Ledra has been described, but I have not yet seen an example, ” 
Doubtless he here refers to Amyot and Serville’s species, 


246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Now, regarding Microcentrus carya@, Fitch, and Centruchus Liebeckii 
being congeneric, at the time I wrote the description of ZLzebeckiz the 
close relationship between my species and cury@ was recognized, but as 
Stal says that prothoracic horns are absent in Microcentrus, I looked 
for some other modern genus in which to locate, temporarily, the species. 
The Old World genus Centruchus seemed to fit it the best, and that 
generic term was used although there was an extra discoidal cell which 
must sooner or later place it in a separate genus. This has been done 
by Fowler, who has described the genus Centruchoides. Of the two 
species the neuration is identical, and the entire anatomy (other than the 
presence of lateral horns in Ziebeckii) is the same. I have before me the 
example of Zzebeckii mentioned by Prof. Biker as having aborted horns. 
In my collection is an example with horns still more aborted, and while 
in Washington a few weeks ago I found several similar examples in Mr. 
Heidemann’s collection. That gentleman informed me that he had taken 
both forms together, with their larvee and pupe, while collecting. This 
shows that the horns are variable, and, as I believe, in some cases 
absent, as is true of P/atycotis sagittata, Germ., as recorded in my paper 
*« Fitch’s types.” 

Mr. Fowler has re-described the genus Microcentrus as Phau- 
locentrus, and after stating that carye@, Fh., belongs to his genus, 
describes and figures four new species, viz.: p//eatus, proximus, sordidus 
and cornutus ; the first three closely related to carye; the fourth, I 
believe, bears the same relation to one of the others that Lzebeckiz bears 
to caryg@,and I should not be surprised if his *Centruchoides laticornis 
was still another instance. 

In conclusion, I will say that the name Zedra perdita, in my opinion, 
should be forgotten. The type was destroyed ; the description, which 
might apply to any one of a dozen species of Centrotin, drawn up from 
an unrecognizable figure, and there is no possible way of determining 
what insect the artist had in hand when he drew the figure from which 
Amyot and Serville drew up the description of perdita. Let the name 
be buried in oblivion. I believe cavye@, Fitch, and Liebeckiz, Goding, are 
one and the same species. As Fitch’s name has priority, the name 
Microcentrus cary@, Fh., should stand, while the horned form may be 
known as var. Liebeckii, Godg. 


* Centruchoides is not a MS, name. It is described in Fowler’s work, page 159. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247 


A PRINCIPLE TO OBSERVE IN NAMING GALLS: TWO 
NEW GALL-MAKING DIPTERA. 
BY WM. H. PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN. 
CEDASPIS-SOLIDAGO ATRA. 

Galls do not differ from those of @. polita, as described by Osten 
Sacken (Tr. A. E. Soc. il., 301 ; 1869). 

This is an addition to the list of gall-making Trypetas given by 
Osten Sacken in Psyche for April, 1880. I bred both sexes from Solidago 
galls, Sept. 8, 1875, in Connecticut. 

Flies.—Female agrees perfectly with Loew’s description of a speci- 
men from New York. ‘The eyes in the living flies are green, with two 
longitudinal purple stripes. The shed puparia are left in the galls, and 
are of a delicate texture and milk-white colour. The New York speci- 
mens from which afra was described approach o/7¢a in all their points of 
difference from the Mexican specimens. Whether the Mexican speci- 
mens belong to the same species is a question which does not concern us in 
determining the synonomy of af¢ra. If the pale gray border of the wing 
cross-bands was darkened and one of the bristles on the lateral border of 
the front was lost (differences which might well arise with increased 
maturity of the specimens) we should have nothing to separate the 
species excepting the slightly greater divergency of the second and third 
bands, and it is probable that this greater divergency would disappear 
with the blackening of the gray borders. (@. afra is a later name than 
CG. polita. 

CECIDOMYIA-CELTIS (new genus) DESERTA, new species. 


Galls are hollow, elongate swellings of young twigs, from which 
emerge, about the first of June, single Cecidomyian flies from a perfora- 
tion near the base. Length of gall one half inch to one inch. 

On Hackberry ( Celtis occidentalis) ; Orange, Connecticut. 

The name describes the genus. 

This gall I name and describe to illustrate a principle which may be 
useful in naming galls of which the makers are unknown. It does not 
seem proper to refer such galls to the genus of plants alone, as was done 
by the older botanists, nor to the genus of insects alone, as is at present 
the fashion, but to a combination of the two, thus: Cynips-guercus, 
Cecidomyia-quercus, Cecidomyia-salix, etc. All Cynips are, it is true, 
confined to Quercus, but it is the gall and not the insect for which I 


248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


propose this nomenclature ; besides, Quercus supports otner genera of 
gall-makers. The combined generic name is in the nominative case and 
will not conflict with the many specific names whichshave been drawn 
from the plant and used in the genitive. In many cases the genitive of 
the plant genus has been used in combination with a specific name not ~ 
derived from the plant, as Cynips-guercus-futilis. The suggestion made 
by Osten Sacken that in these cases the genitive or its initial (which is 
often all that is used) should be dropped seems worthy of being carried 
into effect, as this genitive appears in most cases to have been inserted by 
accident or error. 

_ This nomenclature also has the advantage of not presenting the 
appearance of describing what is unknown; it has no binding force of 
priority over the specific name of the insect when that is discovered. It 
has, however, a priority in the description of ga//s, and the specific name 
should be retained as the name of the ga//, even though the insect should 
by chance receive a different name or it should prove not to belong to 
the genus under which the gall is described. It also has the advantages of 
simplicity and of conformity with medical usage in naming gall diseases 
of animals. 

To exemplify the principle I name the following galls described in 
the 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm: 
p. 612, 30, C.-c. oviformis. 
p. 613, 33, C.-c. semenrumicts. 
p. 613, 32, C.-c. pubescens. 
p. 613, 33, C.-c. capsularis. 
p. 614, 34, C.-c. spiniformis. 


THYREOPUS ADVENUS (Sm.), PACK., A PROTECTOR OF THE ARMY 
Worm.—This species is an exception among burrowing wasps in being 
injurious to vegetation, as I have found it killing and carrying to its 
nest Sarcophaga, Musca domestica, and that enemy of the Army worm, 
Belvosia unifasciata. The wasp forms its small hillocks under the 


shelter of shade trees late in August, in Connecticut. In rainy summers 
its numbers are much reduced. J/2/togramma pursues the wasp with 
felonious intent. The wasp may be destroyed by pouring strong alkaline 
washes into the burrows. 

The &. unifasciata varies in having a red tail, contrary to the name 
flavicauda by which it was formerly known. W. H. Patron. - 


Mailed October 4th, 1897. 


| 
1 


| The Ganadiay Hntomalogist 


VoL. XXIX. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1897. INGALE: 


NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF COLIAS INTERIOR, Scup. 
BY H. H. LYMAN, MONTREAL, 

When in New York, towards the end of May, 1894, I paid a visit to 
Mr. B. Neumecegen, who, though suffering considerably from the fatal 
disease to which, after a brave fight, he finally succumbed, received me 
kindly, and after a short conversation sent me upstairs to Mr. Doll to get 
the names of certain species which I had brought for determination. 

In one of the drawers which Mr. Doll showed me I found several 
specimens of Colias Interior, one being of a very rich shade of colouring, 
almost orange, in fact. Asking where they came from, I learned that 
they had been taken the previous season at Camp Lou, on Osgood Pond, 
in the Adirondacks, and I immediately determined, if possible, to get 
eggs. Early in July I wrote to Mr. Neumcegen to ascertain the best time 


~ to be on the happy hunting-grounds and for any suggestions, and received 


a post card, dated gth July, written on a railway train, and the last com- 
munication I received from him, telling me that then was the right time. 
I was unable to go just then, but on the 2oth I left by the evening train 
over the Adirondack and St. Lawrence Railway, and reached Paul Smith’s 
hotel shortly after 9 o’clock. The 2tst it rained all day till late in the 


_afternoon, but the 22nd was fine, and I soon had 2 2 9 of Interior caged 


for eggs. For the cage I used a tomato can filled with such soil, chiefly 
sand, as I could find, and in it I placed two species of Vaccinium, two 
willows, Kalmia Augustifolia, Trifolium Stoleniferum. The following day 
I took five more females and two males. One ¢ Philodice was taken 
courting a 9 Interior, and was confined with the 2 ? to see if it would 
copulate with one of them, but it did not do so, so far as I observed: 
Three of the freshest 2 ? were killed for the cabinet, but the remaining 
four with 1 ¢ Interior and the ¢ Philodice were kept caged. The 24th 
was again rainy, and in the afternoon I left for home, carrying my 
menagerie with me. On the 26th July the plants were changed toa 
flowerpot of larger size than the tomato can, and the following species of 
plants were added; Melilotus Officinalis and Alba, Amphicarpzea Monoica, 


250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Vicia Cracca, Desmodium Dellenii. One ? was found dead, and one 
very feeble and apparently dying. The living ones were fed with sugar 
and water, and here I may be permitted to say that the only success I 
have ever had in feeding butterflies was when I uncoiled their tongues 
with a pin bent at the point, and then put a camel’s-hair pencil dipped in 
the syrup to the tongue. They will then continue to feed as long as they 
are hungry ; but holding the brush in front of them and blowing gently 
towards them, as the authorities tell us to do, I have found a failure, and 
putting a saturated sponge in a cage utterly useless. No eggs were 
observed at this time, but one at least must have been laid some time 
before, as a larva hatched on 3oth. On the 29th I was ill in bed all day, 
but on the 3oth I found that from 28 to 30 eggs had been laid, nearly all 
on the Vaccinium, and that one larva had hatched as above stated. One 
egg was laid on Amphicarpzea Monoica. One or two eggs were laid after 
the 30th. I divided about half of the eggs between Messrs. Fletcher and 
Scudder, sending eight to the former and six to the latter. 

Of the eggs that I kept, one hatched on 3oth July, four on 4th August, 
eight on 5th, and two on 6th. The egg period must therefore have been 
about six or possibly seven days in one or two instances. 

The egg and first stage of the larva have been described by Mr. 
Scudder in his great work on butterflies, but as that work is unfortunately 
not available to all entomologists, it will do no harm if I give my notes, 
imperfect as they may be, in full. 

Egg.—Length, 114 mm.; diameter, .48 mm. _ Similar to Philodice in 
shape. Number of ribs, about 20. At first, white tinged with greenish- 
yellow, soon turning reddish-orange. Just before hatching turning dark. 
The larva can then be seen through the shell, standing on its tail, with a- 
clear, vacant space above the black head. The larva emerges a little 
below the top, just where the head is. One that was watched crawled 
slowly down the shell on to the leaf, moving its head from side to side on 
the leaf as though spinning a silken path, and as soon as it was all on 
the leaf, it turned round, climbed to the top of the shell, and began to 
devour it, and ate it all up, its meal taking 4o minutes. Most of the 
larvee did not eat more than half of the shell, and some did not eat any. 


Young larva.—Length, 1.91 mm.; width of head, .366 mm.; head 
black, the hairs pellucid. Body brownish-green, finely transversely stri- 
ated, with about five striations to each segment. Skin faintly shagreened 
with yellowish-brown ; the striations are of same colour ; the raised points 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 951 


are pale in colour, black at the summit. Hairs pellucid, club-shaped, 
especially on second segment, where they are considerably longer than on 
the other segments. 

Tried the larvze with Vaccinium, two or three species of birch, two or 
three species of willow, Amphicarpzea Monoica, Epilobium Augusti- 
folium, and several other plants at a venture, but in all cases they crawled 
off the leaves on to the side of the jar. One that was afterwards placed 
upon a willow leaf just died and dried up where it was put. Onsth 
August found the leaves of Vaccinium eaten in several small patches, and a 
sprinkling of tiny frass in the bottom of the tumbler. All the larvze 
behaved as though Vaccinium were not their proper food plant, leaving it 
and wandering around the glass, and only returning to it when they 
found that they could not get anything more to their taste. I have, how- 
ever, since then, seen the same thing done by the larve of a Noctuid, 
the eggs of which were found on the leaves of a shrub, and I therefore 
judge that it is owing either to a desire to explore their surroundings or 
because they object to the confinement. ‘The frass from the young larvze 
must have been ejected with considerable force, as the jar was always 
sprinkled half way up the side. The mortality, through drying up 
apparently, was very heavy, and by the r5th of the month only five 
remained out of fifteen, and in my despair I wrote to Mr. Scudder for sug- 
gestions, and on the 17th received an answer from him describing his 
method of unconfined feeding. I then filled a homcedpathic vial with 
water, bored a small hole in the cork, and inserted a small sprig of Vac- 
cinium. The vial I placed in a wineglass, with earth around it to sup- 
port it, in order that should the larve fall off the leaves they would be 
caught, and also to decrease the danger of their straying. ‘The earth I 
watered, so as to render the air about the larve slightly moist. I then 
transferred all that remained alive, viz., three, as two had perished since the 
15th, tothe sprig. The following day I found that one had not moved from 
the spot where I placed it, and was apparently dead and drying up, but 
the two others were healthy, and thenceforward I had no trouble, and 
carried these two right through to imago. One of these larve passed 
first moult on 18th August, and the secondon the zoth. Just before the 


-moult the larva seems quite smooth. 


After first moult: Length about 3.9 mm., rather plump, colour dull 
green, head same colour as body, head and body covered with very short, 
minute whitish hairs, giving a shagreened appearance ; faint, darker green 
longitudinal lines are visible under a lens. 


252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


On the 2oth I left fora short holiday at Murray Bay, carrying my 
menagerie with me, and my arrival with it caused a certain amount of 
curious interest among the guests at the hotel. The larva eats the paren- 
chyma of the leaf in small round patches ; mine fed on the upper side, 
and when resting, they rested along the midrib, head sometimes up and 
sometimes down. Mr. Scudder tried his larvee with Vaccinium Corym- 
bosum and V. Vacillans, and found that the one on the latter ate with 
twice the zest of that on the Corymbosum, and further, that the one on 
the latter fed on the upper surface of the leaf, while pha on Vacillans fed 
on the lower surface. 


About the end of August or first of September they ceased feeding 
and became lethargic, lying along the midrib of the leaf, near the petiole, 
upon a slight carpet of silk, and as they were plainly hibernating, 
and I feared they might dry up, I. removed the leaves from the sprig, 
cut away the surplus space of the leaves, and secured then: to the bottom 
of a pill-box with a touch of glue. When the pieces of leaf seemed per- 
fectly dry, I put the pill-box in a bottle, corked it and placed it in the 
refrigerator. Some time afterwards I found that in some way water had 
got into the bottle, and the card pill-box was wet and mouldy. I took it 
out, removed the mould as well as possible with a camel’s-hair pencil, 
and allowed the box to dry. The larve were apparently healthy, and I 
then put the box out of doors on a gallery, where the occupants would be 
as cool as possible and protected from sun and rain. 


As soon as the snow came I got a small wooden Bane cut Seal 
small pieces about an inch square out of the upper edge for ventilating 
purposes, put it on the ground, with a brick on the botton inside, placed 
my box with hibernating larve on the brick, and covered the box with an 
inverted tin tray that I had had made, the tray projecting about an inch 
all around the box, and then covered it with snow. In the spring, as the 
snow gradually melted, I had more brought from the shady parts of the 
garden to pile over the box, and finally ‘had the much-reduced heap 
covered with ashes to protect what little snow remained from. the genial 
warmth of the end of April. I wrote to Mr. W..H. Edwards to try to 
secure some Vaccinium from the South, offering to pay a boy to get it, but 
Mr. Edwards wrote that he did not know where to get it, and advised me 
to try willow. I then appealed to Mr. Jack, at Jamaica Plain, and a few 
days later to Mr. Fletcher, at Ottawa. Both kindly responded promptly, 
and as a result I received a plentiful supply of shoots with. the first tiny 


~~ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253 


leaves coming out. The snow and ashes were removed from the top of 
the box on rst May, and the box opened. The card pill-boxes were 
found very damp and mouldy, but the two larve were sound and healthy 
in spite of the mould all about them, but were naturally somewhat 
shrunken in size from their long fast. 

At midday, on 3rd May, as I found that they had peed from their 
positions, I placed them very carefully upon the open buds of a sprig of 
Vaccinium, arranged in water as previously. ‘They soon crawled on to the 
stem and rested, one head down, the other up. 

During the 4th they remained lethargic, in the same position, but by 
the morning of the 5th the one which previously had its head up had 
turned round and had its head down, and by the evening I found that 
they had eaten a little. They now eat the entire leaf, which is young and 
tender. 

On gth May they moulted for second time. 

After 2nd moult. — Length, about 7 mm. Head green, slightly 
roughened with minute brown points. Body green, with many minute 
yellowish raised spots, each tipped with a minute brown hair or point. 
Along the spiracular space there is a raised band like a fold, mottled with 
white, pink and yellowish. 

On 12th May one passed 3rd moult about 3.30 p.m. while under 
observation. When first seen the old face still adhered to the mouth- 
parts of the new, but the skin had been worked more than half way to the 
anal extremity. It only took a very few minutes to get clear of the old 
skin, and then it proceeded to divest itself of the old face, which it soon 
accomplished. 

After 3rd moult.— Length at rest, 8.6 mm. Head bright green, 
roughened as before. Body darker green, shagreened with yellowish 
raised spots, with short brown hairs or points. Spiracular fold as before, 
whitish, with orange and yellowish patches and markings. 


.The weather turned cold and wet, and the second larva was. two or 
three days later in moulting than the other, but the exact date was not 
recorded. 

The species of Vaccinium that Mr. Fletcher supplied me with was 
Canadense, but I had also received V. Vacillans from Mr. Jack. On the 
17th a careless servant threw away my supply of V. Canadense, so I gave 
the larvee the V. Vacillans, but the following day I found they had refused 
it and had eaten nothing, so I offered them some of the sprigs that I had 


254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


first received with the opening buds which J had kept in a tin, and they 
then began to feed eagerly upon these. ‘The arrival of a fresh supply of 
V. Canadense from Mr. Fletcher removed all cause for anxiety. 

On 25th May both were observed to be apparently fixed for 4th 
moult. Length as contracted, 14 mm. The spiracular fold is pink, 
bordered with white and interrupted by the spiracles, which show asa 
green oval ring on the white band with a white centre. ‘There is no trace 
of any pink or other stripe above or below the spiracular one. ‘There is 
a dark green dorsal line, and the space on each side of it has a yellowish- 
green appearance from the minute yellowish warts, but the subdorsal or 
lateral region is of a bluish-green shade, and the warts are whitish. The 
region above the spiracular fold is thus about evenly divided between 
bluish and yellowish green. 

One was found, about 10.45 a.m.,on 26th May, to have passed 
4th moult, and was described at 1 p m. 

After 4th moult.—Length at rest, 16 mm. Head and second seg- 
ment bright green, finely sprinkled with black points, from which arise 
minute hairs, blackish above, whitish below. Dorsal region green, with 
a brownish-yellow tinge, as before. Lateral and sub-spiracular regions 
bluish or whitish green, the minute hairs being whitish. Spiracular fold 
white, overlaid along the middle with coral-red. On following morning 
the other larva had passed 4th moult, and on 31st the former was appar- 
ently mature, as it left its food and crawled up to top of cage. I 
described it in the afternoon, but it was very restless, sometimes crawling 
very fast, and sometimes in a very funny, jerky manner. 

Mature larva.—Length, 25 mm. __ Rich dark yellowish-green on head 
and above, with narrow dorsal dark stripe bluish-green on sides, with innum-_ 
erable small papille and minute hairs of a dark brown or black colour 
above, partly white on sides, and white below spiracular fold. Spiracular 
fold white, with bright crimson stripe included. Head small; as finely 
dotted as the body. Below bright green ; feet and prolegs the same. 

Mr. Fletcher kindly gave me the following note on the general habits 
of the larva : 

** Larva decidedly sluggish for the greater part of the time, but when 
feeding, which was generally twice a day, very nervously active, biting 
with great rapidity, and moving slowly with short, jerky steps.” 

The following particulars are also taken from Mr, Fletcher’s notes on 
the mature larva : 


Ee ee OT eee ee ee ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Ww 
or 
Or 


“ Length, 13@ inches when extended feeding. | Head, 2 mm. broad; 
narrower than segment 2. Segment 3 slightly the widest of all. Body 
cylindrical from 4 to ro inclusive, then tapering slightly toend. Head 
concolorous with body, evenly reticulated all over with dark green, the 
interspaces yellowish and pubescent, the bristles on apex short and black, 
those toward the mouth much longer and white. Mandibles darkened at 
apex, process beneath the neck honey-coloured. Ocellisix, in two lines, the 
anterior of 4 slightly curved forward and lying on a yellowish-white stripe, 
the other two lying behind these, one above the other, smaller than 
those of the anterior row. In the anterior row the 2nd and 3rd are the 
largest, all blackened at base, vitreous at apex. No. 1 of posterior series 
is the smallest and least conspicuous.” 

“On tst June one fixed for pupation, and the other on 2nd. Pupation 
occurred on 3rd June. 

Chrysalis -very similar to that of Philodice. Green, vermiculate 
with yellowish-white markings over upper part of thorax and all the 
abdomen, giving a pea green effect. A green dorsal line extends the 
whole length. . When first formed, there is a spiracular band, similar to 
that of the larva, running from the wing-case to the tail, but the crimson 
soon disappears, and the band becomes yellowish and inconspicuous. 
Half way between the band and the ventral surface there is a broken 
reddish-brown stripe on the first three abdominal segments, beyond the 
wing-covers. ‘The head is marked with darker green, yellowish-white at 
apex. The girdle is rather long, and the chrysalis hangs loose from its 
support. Length of chrysalis, 18.7 mm.; greatest thickness, 6 mm. 

On r2th June the antenne cases were crimson, tipped with yellowish- 
green, and the outer and apical margins of the wing-covers were the 
same. All the parts between the antenne cases were brownish-green, the 
eyes deep green, the ventral half of the abdomen yellowish, the wings 
greenish-yellow. While I was describing it, it bent itself from side to 
side, bending the abdominal joints as much as possible. 


Both pupz disclosed the imago on afternoon of 13th; the chrysalis 
stage being thus ten days. Both were males. I had intended sending 
away one larva to have a coloured drawing made of it when mature, and 
of the chrysalis when formed, but my ones matured so fast that I was 
too late for this, so appealed to Mr. Fletcher to send his one specimen, 
which had lagged a little behind mine in development. He very kindly 
acquiesced, but, unfortunately, the larva pupated in the mail, with fatal 


256 Tk CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


result. Froim the length of the larva, 13g inches, he judged that it was a 
female. The form of the species which occurs in the Adirondacks is that 
with yellow female, but what that form should be called is a matter of 
some doubt. In Mr. Scudder’s ‘‘ Butterflies of New England,” page 1107, 
he suggests that as this form was first described when the species was 
re-described by him, under the name Eurymus Philodice, var. Laurentina, 
it should be designated by the trinominal appellation, Eurymus Interior 
Laurentina, the pallid, or white, female being called Eurymus Interior 
Interior. But it seems to me that the doctrine of priority of description 
cannot govern the matter in the case of a variety, else we may have what 
is the normal form in nature labelled as the abnormal in our cabinets, and 
the abnormal variety of nature standing as the normal form in our cabinets. 
Clearly, where there is dimorphism in one sex of a species, the form which 
predominates in a marked degree must be considered the normal form, 
and the other the varietal, all original descriptions to the contrary not- 
withstanding. Priority must rule in regard to the species, but it must 
give way where it clashes with nature in regard to varieties. 

‘The question, then, to be settled, is what is the predominating form 
of the female in this species? Possibly at present the material in cabinets 
’ may not be sufficient to settle the matter authoritatively, but I believe it 
wili be found that the yellow or syngenic form is the normal form, and 
that the antigenic or pallid female is only an albinic form, as in Philodice. 

Among the types of Interior there was only one female, and this hap- 
pened to be of the pallid form described by Mr. Scudder as ‘‘ white, 
with a very pale yellowish tinge”; but among the large number brought 
from Cape Breton Island by Mr. Roland Thaxter there were eight pallid 
females, and ten which Mr. Scudder called gynandromorphic females, by 
which not very happy term, I suppose he designated the yellow form. 


Besides the seven females taken by me in the Adirondacks and the 
three from the same region that I saw in Mr. Neumcegen’s collection, I 
have one from the *Godbout river, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and one 
from Nepigon, and all these are yellow, and I do not remember having 
ever seen a white one, though it is possible I may have done so. Dr. 
Bethune has informed me that he took a good many at Nepigon, and all 
were yellow. Mr. Fletcher wrote me that he had taken 18 ? 9? at 
Nepigon, and of these 11 were of what he calls the pallid form, and 3 at 


*The man who collected for Mr. Couper at this locality was named Comeau, not 
Corneau, as printed in the CAN, ENT, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PAS W 


Ottawa, of which one was pale, and that Prof. Macoun took 3 ? 9, all 
yellow, in Prince Edward Island; but I do not think Mr, Fletcher has ever 
had a white female Interior. Mr. Fletcher has also one 2 of the yellow 
form from British Columbia. If my belief in this matter should prove 
to be well founded, the species should simply be known as Colias Interior 
with an albinic variety of the female, and the name Laurentina should 
simply fall into the synonymy. 

Mr. Scudder further says that “the males are very much more 
numerous than the females,” and among his “ desiderata” asks why 
this is so. 

On general principles I should think such a condition of things 
extremely doubtful, and I believe Mr. Scudder’s assertion to be founded 
on insufficient evidence, especially as in the collection which Mr. Roland 
Thaxter made in Cape Breton, and which furnished Mr. Scudder with his 
types of C. Laurentina, there were 18 females to 21 males, certainly no 
great discrepancy. 

I have only twice met with this species in numbers, but neither 
experience would lead me to form such an opinion. The first occasion 
was on 8th July, 1890, along the line of the C. P. R. west of Sudbury, 
when travelling to Nepigon in company with Mr. Fletcher. Whenever 
the train stopped for a minute or two we jumped off with our nets, and 
I think we took a dozen between us, and I believe all were males, but it 
was evidently too early for the females, as the males were quite fresh, and 
the next day when we arrived at Nepigon, where the season is later, we 
found that the males had not yet appeared. I think it probable that a 
fortnight later plenty of females would have been flying near Sudbury. 


I may say, however, that the evidence of Mr. John D. Evans, of 
Trenton, who collected for a number of years at Sudbury, is rather on the 
other side, as out of a series of 31 specimens in his collection only 4 are 
females. This is probably accounted for by the fact that out of 
the 31 no less than 19 were taken prior to July 5th, and for 4 others 
the date of capture is unknown, and I have already pointed out that the 
females probably appear later. Twenty-one out of the 31 were taken by 
Mr. Evans in 1886, who found this species comparatively scarce in later 
years. 

In 1894, at Paul Smith’s, I took seven females to two males, but, of 
course, the former are easier of capture. When this matter has been 
further. investigated, I am confident it will be found that no serious 


258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


discrepancy in numbers exists between the sexes. In speaking of the 
probable or possible life history of the species, Mr. Scudder says (page 
t1ro): ‘Mr. Fletcher obtained them (the eggs) July 16-24, and they 
hatch in seven days. This gives ample time for the caterpillars to attain 
maturity and pass into pupa for the winter; but what the creatures 
actually do, and how winter is passed, is unknown. There is, however, 
certainly but one brood anywhere.” It seems to me, however, that it 
may be mathematically demonstrated that any species of which there is 
only one brood in the year and which does not appear on the wing till 
July or the very end of June must pass the winter in the larval condition 
not more than half-grown. 


THE LIFE HISTORY OF EPIRRANTHIS OBFIRMARIA, Hew. 
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC. 


Epirranthis obfirmaria is a swamp insect. I take it in ‘The 
Gomin” near Quebec, where, in ordinary seasons, it is on the wing from 
early in June till the close of that month. The following is a brief 
description of this beautiful insect : 

gd. Expanse of wings one inch; length of body half an inch ; 
length of antenne three-tenths of an inch. Colour a rich, warm brown. 
The primaries have a broad ochreous band, widest at the costa, outlined 
with dark brown. In this band, not far from the costa, is a dark brown 
spot. The secondaries have the outer third of the same warm brown as 
the primaries, with an ochreous patch at the outer angle of it. The rest 
of the wing is ochreous, clouded towards the base. The marginal dark 
brown line of this ochreous portion is somewhat angulated. In the part 
of lighest colour in the wing is a conspicuous dark brown spot. The 
antenne are pectinated. 3 

Q. Expanse of wings an inch and one-fifth ; length of body nine- 
twentieths of an inch; length of antenne two-fifths of an inch. The 
marks in the wings are similar to those in the wings of the male, except 
that there are no brown dots in the primaries. The colours are much 
brighter: tne darker portions are of a rich brick-red, and the lighter of a 
clearer yellow than in the male. The brown spots in the secondaries are 
small. The antennz are filiform. 


Eggs of E. obfirmaria. 
The eggs of Z. obfirmaria are laid dispersedly and_ unattached. 
They are pale greenish-yellow, small, and bluntly oval in outline. They 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 959 


have minute granulations on the surface. A batch of the eggs, laid on 
the 14th of June in the present year, hatched on the 27th of the same 
month. The larve fed on Vaccinium, Cassandra, etc. 


Newly-hatched larva. 

A “looper,” one-tenth of an inch long, suspended itself by a line. 
It was black with white patches on each segment, and presented a 
strangely checkered appearance. The head was large and black; the 
mouth-organs white. The feet also were white. The claspers were wide 
apart—beside them it had but one pair of prolegs. There were a few 
bristles at the anal extremity, and along the sides of the larva. It 
moulted July 3rd. 


Larva after first moult. 


One-fourth of an inch long ; brownish-green in colour ; had five con- 
spicuous brown warts on each side of the body. The head was light 
brown, and the legs brownish-green: 

| Nore.—The habit the larva has of eating its exwyie makes it exceed- 
ingly difficult to follow its changes. , The insect I am telling of, however, 
certainly moulted on July 16th. | 


Larva after moult of July 16th. 


Length three-fifths of an inch! Colour brownish-ash above, with fine 
paler lines. The fourth and terminal segments were somewhat lighter in 
colour. Underneath the larva was of an Indian yellow shade. The face 
was flat, outlined with brown, and had two white spots near the upper 
edge. ‘The spiracles were dark brown and appeared in a line of folds or 
broken ridges. The larva moulted July 24th. After moulting it ate its 
old skin all but the mask. 


full-grown larva. 


Length four-fifths of an inch. Colour brownish-ochreous. It had a 
dorsal line faintly outlined with brown, and on either side of this a row of 
dark brown spots. It had also a row of similar spots just above the 
spiracular line. This line was pale ochreous and warty. Below it was a 
row of oblong, dark brown patches. ‘The spiracles were dark brown. 

The larva ceased to feed in August, and towards the middle of that 
month gathered a few leaves together and spun a light cocoon somewhat 
after the manner of Caferva catenaria. 


260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF rIVE NEW GENERA IN THE FAMILY 
CYNIPID. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Subfamily VIII.—Cynipine&. 
XYSTOTERAS, gen. nov. 


This new genus somewhat resembles Pilonix, Fitch (= Acraspis, 
Mayr), and agrees with it in having 14-jointed antenne, but otherwise is 
quite different. The head, thorax and abdomen are highly polished, — 
impunctate, the mesonotum being entirely without any trace of the 
parapsidal furrows, and in this character differing widely from all other 
of the agamous genera of the Cynipinz. The absence of the parapsidal 
furrows being peculiar only to the sexual genera (Veuroterus (Ameristus, 
Forster) and Dodichostrophus, Ashmead. ‘The third joint of the antennz 
is not quite as long as joints 1 and 2 or 3 and 4 united, joints 10-13 a 
little longer than thick, while the last joint is fusiform, a little longer than 
the penultimate. The scutellum has a depression across its base, but is 
without distinct fovez, and is also not separated from the base of the 
mesonotum by a delicate grooved line ; apically it is obtusely rounded, 
shagreened and somewhat densely pubescent. The mesopleura have a 
large, rather deep vertical femoral impression. The wings are represented 
by very short pads which do not extend beyond the apex of the meta- 
thorax or just reach to base of abdomen. The abdomen is about twice 
as long as the head and thorax united, polished, bare ; the second seg- 
ment dorsally occupies about half the whole surface ; the third segment 
dorsally is not quite as long as segments 4 and 5 united ; the segments 
4-7 subequal; while the hypopygium terminates in a long, pubescent ™ 
spine. The hind tarsi are as long as their tibiz, the claws being simple, 


Xystoteras volutelle, sp. n. 

Gall.—A conical, bluish-gray gall, from 3 to 3.5 mm. high, by 2.5 
mm. in diameter at base; occurring singly or in great numbers on the 
under surface of the leaves of Quercus macrocarpa in Riley County, 
Kansas. The top of the gall is truncate and internally it is hollow, 
with the larval cell or kernel, resembling a minute nipple, situated at its 
base. The gall is attached to the leaf by a few fibres and may easily be 
detached. The colour of the gall is produced by a powdery or pruinose 
bloom which completely covers it when fresh, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261 


Gall - wasp.—@?. Length 2 mm. Polished black, very sparsely 
pubescent. Antenne r4-jointed, about two-thirds the length of the 
body, the first joint or scape obconical, slightly curved, swollen at tip, the 
second joint about 11% times as long as thick, both much stouter than the 
flagellum. Mesopleura smooth, shining, with a deep vertical femoral 
fovea. Legs, except knees or the extreme apices of the femora, which 
are dull honey-yellow, entirely black. 

Hab.-—Manhattan, Riley County, Kansas. 

_ Described from a single specimen received nearly ten years ago from 
Mr. C. L. Marlatt. The wasp, according to Mr. Marlatt, issues from the 
gall early in January. 

ZOPHEROTERAS, gen. nov. 


This genus also comes very close to P#c/onix, Fitch, but is readily 
separated from it by the shape of the scutellum, by antennal characters, 
by bareness of abdomen, and by the ciaws of the hind tarsi being simple, 
not toothed. 

The frons and mesonotum are alutaceous or feebly shagreened, the 
latter having distinct traces of the parapsidal furrows, or at least these are 
more or less distinct posteriorly. The scutellum is rounded or semi- 
circular, rounded off posteriorly and separated from the mesonotum by a 
delicate grooved line and carina. The antennz are long, 14-jointed, the 
third joint as long or nearly as long as joints 4 and 5 united ; joints 6-13 
are a little more than twice as long as thick. Claws of hind tarsi simple. 
The abdomen is longer than the head and thorax united, bare, or at the 
most with only some sparse pubescence at sides towards the base ; the 
second segment dorsally occupies fully half the whole surface; segments 3-5 
short, subequal ; segments 6 and 7 very short ; while the hypopygium is 
armed with a hairy spine. 

To this genus belongs Acraspis vaccinii, Ashm. 


XANTHOTERAS, gen. Nov. 


Head shagreened, the frons without a distinct ridge or carina be- 
tween the antenne. Mesonotum polished, with deep, distinct parapsidal 
furrows. Scutellum with more or less distinct lateral margins or with a 
frenum, two indistinct shallow fovez at base and the same separated from 
the base of the mesonotum by a delicate but distinct transverse grooved 
line and a carina. Antenne 14-jointed, the third joint a little longer than 
the fourth, or the latter about two-thirds the length of the third ; joints 


262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


7-14 a little stouter than joints 2 to 6, and much shorter, joints 11-13 
being hardly longer than wide. Tarsi shorter than their tibie, the claws 
with a tooth within. 

This genus, although closely allied to Azorrhiza, Westw., is readily 
separated by the absence of the middle frontal ridge between the 
antennze, by the shape of the scutellum and by the claws having a tooth 
within. 

The type of the genus is Biorrhiza forticornis, Walsh. 


PARATERAS, gen. Nov. 


Last joint of labial palpi somewhat enlarged, ovate. Antenne 14- 
jointed, the third joint long, but much shorter than joints 4-5 united, 
joints 11-13 scarcely twice as long as thick, the last joint hardly so long 
as the two preceding united. Head and thorax alutaceous or finely 
shagreened, the mesopleura finely delicately sculptured, without a femoral 
fovea. Mesonotum with two distinct parapsidal furrows which converge 
and meet at base of the scutellum. Scutellum small, highly convex or 
elevated, with a distinct tranverse fovea at base (in reality two fovez 
united). The hind tarsi are longer than their tibiw, the claws with a 
distinct tooth at base beneath. Abdomen polished, bare. This genus 
comes nearest to Spheroteras, Ashm., but is readily separated by having 
14-jointed, not 13-jointed, antennz, by the scutellum having a fovea or 
fovex at base, and by the hind tarsi being jonger, not shorter, than their 
tibiz. 

Parateras Hubbardi, sp. n. 

Agamous ?.— Length 2 mm. Head and thorax reddish-brown, 
the vertex and scutellum somewhat obfuscated. Abdomen black, piceous 
towards base. Antenne with the first two joints ferruginous, dusky 
above, the flagellum black or brown-black, except first joint basally. 
Legs, including coxz, pale ferruginous, with all the tibiz, or at least 
outwardly, dark fuscous or blackish, the tarsi more or less fuscous. 
Abdomen with the second segment not quite occupying half the whole 
surface, the third segment dorsally not quite as long as four and five 
united, the fifth about two-thirds the length of the fourth, the following 
segments retracted. 

Hab.--Detroit, Michigan. 

Described from two specimens received from Mr. H. G. Hubbard, 
to whom the species is dedicated, 


= - 
eS a ee eS ae ee See 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMULOGIST. 263 


ASCLEPIADIPHILA, gen. NOV. 

This new genus comes very close to Antistrophus, Walsh, and might 
easily be confused with it, since it agrees with it in all particulars except 
as follows : 

The female antenne are 13-jointed, not 14-jointed, the third joint 
being shorter than the fourth; in the male the antenne are. 14-jointed, 
not 15-jointed. The second abdominal segment occupies fully two-thirds 
the whole surface, while in Antistrophus the second segment is consider- 
ably shorter. 

Asclepiagiphila stephanotidis, sp. n. 

Gall.—A small, rounded or pea-like gall averaging from 6 to 8 mm. 
in diameter, growing from the stems of a species of Stephanotis. Ex- 
ternally it is opaque and varies from a gray to a brownish colour, while 
internally it is whitish and composed of a dense pithy substance with a 
single larval cell in the centre. 

Gall-wasp.— 2. Length 3 mm. Head, thorax and legs reddish- 
brown, the sutures of the thorax dusky, the mesonotum with a dark 
streak down the middle, while the middle and hind tarsi are more or less 
obfuscated. Antenne 13-jointed, brown. Abdomen black, highly polished. 
Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish ; the first branch of the radius is 
straight or nearly so ; areolet entirely wanting, the tranverse cubitus about 
two-thirds the length of the first abscissa of the radius, the first branch 
of the cubitus very delicate, indistinct, and originating from about the 
basal third of the basal nervure. 

- t.—Length 2.6 mm. Black ; tips of femora and more or less of 
anterior and middle tibiz basally dark honey-yellow, rest of legs black. 
Antenne 14-jointed, the scape and pedicel black, the flagellum brown. 

Hab.—Oregon, Missouri. 

Dypes, No. 3737, U.S. N..M: 


A NEW FOOD PLANT FOR PAPILIO ASTERIAS, 
BY G, H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. 

._ A few days ago I received a letter from Mr. A. V. Thomsen, Chicago, 
giving a new food plant for Papilio Asterias. But I can give it best by 
quoting part of Mr. Thomsen’s letter. He says: 

“ Having made a very interesting observation in my study of Lepi- 
doptera, I herewith enclose the notes regarding the same. Aug. 26, ’97, 
I received from Mr, Higgins, in charge of Dept. of Hardy Perennials 


264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and Wild Flowers, Lincoln Park, four larve of Papilio Asterias, nearly 
full-fed. Found on Ruta Graveolens (English Rue). These larvee 
pupated as follows: One on Sept. 4, three on Sept. 7. On Sept. 13,97, 
I received from the same source eight larve of P. Asterias in third, 
fourth and full-fed stages. One pupated Sept. 16. Two of these were 
found on Ruta Graveolens, the balance on Feniculum officinale (com- 
mon Fennel). Now, [ have never seen nor heard of any previous 
records of ?. Astertas being found on anything else than members of 
the Umbelliferze, and I consider it a very strange occurrence that they 
should choose a family so widely separated from the Umbelliferze as the 
Rutacee, of which Ruta Graveolens is the type. 

“Tf it had been Papilio Cresphontes which I had found upon that 
plant [T should not hive wondered, as its food plants here are Xanthoxy- 
Jum and Ptelea, two.of the Rutacez, but P. Asterias /” 

I should like to ask here if any one has found Papilio Philenor 
feeding .on anything but Aristolochia? The species of this genus are 
rare here, but the butterfly is rather common. 


ANOTHER NEW SPECIES OF PROTANDRENA, CKLL. 
BY S. N. DUNNING, HARTFORD, CONN. 
Protandrena Bancrofti, n. sp. 

? .—Length 9-11 mm.; not as stout as Cockere/di, Dun.; a few gray 
hairs on face and cheeks and on under side of thorax, hair bands on seg. 
2-3-4, seg. 5-6 covered with hair growing rufous towards tip, legs and 
venter with sparse rather longer hairs; black except a T-shaped mark 
resting against upper edge of clypeus, spot on tegulee, tubercles, and four 
anterior knees which are pale yellow. Head subquadrate, broader than 
high, venter with fairly deep, not close, punctures; clypeal and sub-ciypeal - 
punctures larger and shallow, mandibles piceous; antennze black at base, 
growing brownish towards tip, rst jt. flagellum not as long as 2nd and 3rd 
combined. Mesothorax deeply and closely punctured ; scutellum with 
large, coarse punctures ; post-scutellum not smooth, shining ; metathorax 
with a smooth, shining spot on upper lateral angles, closely and finely 
punctured, a narrow suture extending upwards. Abdomen finely and 
closely punctured; venter with large shallow punctures. Wings sub- 
hyaline, much darkened outwardly (very much more so than in Cockered/z ); 
stigma and nervures ferruginous, a light spot before the stigma. 

Two specimens (D. 1102, July 6, 1897, on Solanum rostratum ; 1). 
1262, July 11,97, on AZedicago sativa, or alfalfa) taken on the Banercft 
Farm, near Denver, Colo, Qne has been deposited with the American 
Entomological Society. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 265 


SOME NEW AND LITTLE- KNOWN COCCIDA COLLECTED 
BY PROF. C. H. T. TOWNSEND IN MEXICO. 


BY T: D.. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA. 


The Coccide herein described were collected by Prof. Townsend in 
1896, and kindly transmitted to me for study by Dr. L.O. Howard. The 
collection made by Prof. Townsend will be fully enumerated in a paper 
to be published by him elsewhere, so the present contribution is confined 
to descriptions of the new species and descriptive notes on one hitherto 
imperfectly known. I have also included the description of a new variety 
of Comstockiella from Mexico, not found by Townsend. 

(1.) dAspidiotus reniformis, n. sp.—@ scale circular, diam. 2 mm., 
flat, pale reddish-brown ; exuvi concolorous or slightly darker, covered, 
but both skins very distinctly visible, large, laterad of the middle. First 
skin when rubbed shining coppery. 

?.—Reniform, yellow with a brown margin ; the posterior portion 
large, pale yellow, projecting with the outline of a cone, unusually pro- 
duced and narrow, the sides meeting at less than a right angle. Pygidium 
(so-called) minutely striate ; anal orifice oval or subtriangular, a long 
distance from hind end. Four very small low broad inconspicuous lobes, 
the plates between them scarcely visible ; these lobes are twice as broad 
as long, the second about or nearly as broad as the first. Immediately 
cephalad of the second lobe comes a pair of small diverging spinelike 
plates; then after an interval somewhat greater (sometimes less) than the 
distance from the hind end to the plates just mentioned, comes a depres- 
sion in which is a larger, but still small, pair of diverging spinelike plates; 
beyond this the margin is distinctly but very minutely serrate, with three 
small pointed prominences at rather long intervals, and a small rounded 
notch about half way between the first of these and the largest plates. 

There are long tubular glands opening at the bases of the lobes, and 
also at the place of the obsolete third lobe ; these are three on each side, 
with others, shorter and smaller, between them. Caudolateral grouped 
glands a long distance cephalad of the anal orifice. Four groups of 
ventral glands, caudolaterals 4 to 7, cephalolaterals 8. The antennz are 
represented by small tubercles, each emitting a bristle. On each side of 
the mouth, some distance from it, is a small reniform orifice, its convexity 
directed laterad. 

ffab.—Numerous on under sides of entire, lanceolate leaves, about 
69 mm. long. Tehuantepec City, Mexico, May 26th (Townsend; Div, 


266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Ent., No. 7196). ‘This is related to the subgenus Chrysomphalus, and 
comes nearest to A. perse@, Comstock. It resembles 4. mimos@ in some 
respects, but the tubular glands are much longer than in that species, or 
in smilacis. The scale might be taken, at a superficial glance, for 
amantti, dictyospermi, or one of the wve group, all of which are quite 
different structurally. : 

(2.) Aspidiotus (Hemiberlesia) tricolor, n. sp.—Q scales 124 mm. 
diam., crowded on twig, approximately circular, very little convex, white 
with a brownish stain ; exuviz central or sublateral, covered by a film of 
secretion, appearing as a blackish spot; first skin in many examples 
uncovered, black or dark brown ; second skin rarely uncovered, deep 
orange. Removed from the twigs, the scales leave a whitish film, quite 
conspicuous. 


9? .—Circular, orange-brown. Only a single pair of lobes, these very 
large, entire, broad and low, much broader than Jong, gently rounded at 
ends, shaped like the end of an axe-blade ; separated by a pair of well- 
developed spinelike plates. On the margin cephalad of the lobes is a 
group of five more or less serrate spinelike plates ; then come three very 
short spinelike plates, after which the margin is more or less, irregularly, 
crenate. Anal orifice large, oval, distant from bases of median lobes less 
(sometimes a little more) than its own length. No groups of ventral 
glands. A few oval glands marking the lines of the obsolete segments. 
Two small saccular incisions with thickened edges on each side, one 
immediately laterad of the median lobe, the other cephalad (or laterad) of 
the obsolete second lobe. 

Hab.—Salina Cruz, Mexico, May 29th (Townsend: Div. Ent., No. 
7193). Distinguished by its very broad entire lobes, and the orange _ 
second skin. It will form with 4. rapax, Comstock, and A. ulmi, W. G. 
Jobnson, a little group, to which the name Asfzd:fes is applicable, thus : 

Subg. Aspidites, Berlese and Leonardi, 1896, s. str.—Scale white or 
whitish, no groups of ventral glands, only one pair of lobes. 


Exuviz black’or at least very dark. ..)5 oo. s2-. 5 sm 5 ss ee 
First skin black or very dark, second orange... .......¢vicolor. 
Exuviz wholly orange-yellow. .... .. 20.563 ee pete jen Meet 


A. rapax is the type of Aspidites. A. perniciosus,. tenebricosus and 
smilacis, included in it by Berlese and Leonardi, are not closely related to 
rapax, and should be placed elsewhere. [Since writing the above I have 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 967 


found that Aspidites was proposed by Waagen in 1895 for a genus of 
Cephalopoda ; Aspidites, Berl. & Leon., may therefore be changed to 
Hemiberlesia. | 

(3.) Diaspis persimilis, n. sp.— @ scale about 114 mm. diam., snow 
white, slightly convex ; exuviz sublateral, brownish-orange, first skin 
wholly on second. 4 scale unknown. 

? .—Circular, orange-brown, hind end strongly striate. Five groups 
of ventral glands, median 25 or more, nearly touching cephalolateral, 
cephalolateral about 15, caudolateral 7 to 12. Anal orifice small, caudad 
of caudolateral glands, but some distance from hind end. Only one pair 
of distinct lobes, these rounded, not particularly large, very slightly 

‘inclined to be crenate on edges, nearly touching at base; at outer base of 
each lobe a spine ; then a spinelike plate, the branching tips of which 
slightly exceed the lobe ; then a pair of minute tubercles representing the 
second lobe, then a spine; then a very large and stout spinelike plate, 
branched at tip ; then three minute tubercles, then a spine ; then a spine- 
like plate resembling the second but not quite so stout; then a slight 
notch, followed by a minute tubercle, then on the margin at intervals 
twelve ordinary spinelike plates of moderate size, and a few spines. At the 
bases of the median lobes are short dark sacs, a pair to each ; and smaller 
sacs mark the places of the obsolete lobes on the margin. The oval and 
elongate glands in rows marking the obsolete segments are comparatively 
few in number. 

ffab.—Crowded on fruit of “ Chico Sapote,” Laguna, Carmen I., 
Mexico, April 24, 1896. (Townsend: Div. Ent., No. 7184.) Very near 
to D. amygdalt (lanatus); it may be recognized by the small number of 
orifices in the caudolateral groups of glands, the form of the lobes, and 
other minor details. 

(4.) Comstockiella sabalis, v. mexicana, v. nov.—¢ oval, orange- 
yellow. Grouped glands as follows: Caudolaterals 14-17 (6-109 in type); 
mediolaterals 11-15 (4-7 in type); cephalolaterals 7-10 (4 in type). 
Scale as in type. 

Hab.—On palms which arrived at San Francisco from Mexico ; 
found by Mr. Craw, who thinks the palms came from near Maratlan, and 
were growing wild about 75 or 100 miles inlJand. ‘The genus is new to 
the Mexican fauna. 


(5.) Lecanium (Eulecanium) perditum, n. sp.—?. Long. 3, lat. 
2 to 214%, alt. 11% mm., general shape low-conical or hemispherical ; very 


268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


dark brown, more or less shiny ; sides with linear plications. Boiled in 
caustic soda turns the liquid yellowish-brown. Antenne pale, well- 
developed, tapering, ordinary, 7-jointed, formula 32 (17) 5 (46); 3 
extremely long, considerably longer than 4 to 7 together ; 2 about as long 
as 4 + 5; a faint false joint marks the basal 4 of 3; 1, 2 and 3 each 
with a pair of bristles, on 1 and 2 about the middle, on 3 near the end ; 
7 with several hairs, an especially long one, longer than itself, springing 
from its base. Rostral loop short. Anal plates yellowish-brown, the 
caudolateral margin somewhat shorter than the cephalolateral. Legs well- 
developed, pale. Digitules filiform, with large knobs. ‘Tarsus hardly 
half length of tibia. Derm not. reticulated, with sparse small round or 
oval gland orifices; a broad marginal area with very large round or oval 
gland-pits, the derm between them exhibiting a faint tendency to minute 
reticulation. These large gland-pits are double or more often complex ; 
they are often nearer together than the diameter of one. 


Embryonic larva (after boiling) pale yellowish-brown ; rostral fila- 
ments in two coils. Caudal tubercles not or little projecting beyond body 
margin, though well-developec. Anal ring with six hairs, its broad margin 
conspicuously striate. Claw long ; digitules of claw filiform, distinctly 
knobbed, extending beyond tip of claw; tarsal digitules stouter, with very 
distinct knobs, not nearly twice as long as claw-digitules, their origin some 
distance basad of base of claw. 


Hab.—Xcolak, near Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico, March roth, 1896. 
(Townsend: Div. Ent., No. 5663.) This is a most interesting species ; 
the first HuZecanium ever found in the tropics. The antenne are like 
those of Z. antennatum, Signoret. The compound submarginal glands or 
pits remind one of the large double glands of Z. Fletcheri. On the other — 
hand, the large pits of the neotropical species Z. baccharidis (from Brazil) 
and Z. batate (from Antigua) are at once suggested, and it seems that we 
have here an indication of the affinities of these two species, which had 
been heretofore wholly obscure. Z. perditum presents some superficial 
resemblance to small examples of Z. depressum or begonia, but these 
belong to a quite different section. 


(6.) Lecanium chilaspidis, n sp.— % very dark brown, shiny, but 
largely encrusted (especially at sides) with a dull dark grayish substance ; 
strongly convex, long. 8%, lat. 6, alt. 5 mm. Beneath, at the lateral 
(spiracular) incisions, are conspicuous patches of white secretion, only 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269 


visible after detaching the scale. Younger specimens are flatter, long. 6, 
lat. 4, alt. 2mm. There is no waxy secretion on the surface. 

? .—DBoiled in soda stains the liquid dark Vandyke-brown. No legs 
or antennz found ; probably they are rudimentary and easily deciduous. 
Anal plates small, pinkish-brown, together forming about a square. Derm 
pale reddish-brown after boiling, not reticulated, remarkable for an 
immense number of minute gland orifices, among which are interspersed 
a lesser number of larger, but still small, glands, which are circular and 
brown in colour. There are also large brownish patches. In places the 
tubular ducts of the minute glands are darkened, giving the derm a bristly 
appearance. ‘The derm may be compared to the sky seen through a tele- 
scope, the minute glands being the fixed stars, the larger the planets, and 
the patches the nebulz, though of course the sky does not exhibit so many 
planets or nebul. 

Embryonic larva (after boiling) very pale pink, with very well- 
developed, stout, cylindrical caudal tubercles, which are the forerunners 
of the anal plates ; each emits the usual long bristle, but these are easily 
broken off. Tarsus hardly or not over 24 length of tibia, femur and tibia 
approximately of equal length. Digitules all filiform, the tarsal ones very 
long, twice as long as those of claw, and longer than the tarsus itself. 
Rostral loop extending considerably beyond the hindmost legs. Anal 
ring with apparently only six bristles. Last joint of antennz long. 


Hab.—On Chilaspis linearis, Tehuantepec City, Mexico, May 26th, 
1896. (Townsend: Div. Ent., No. 7216.) On the CAz/aspis at the same 
time and place were also taken species of Aspidiotus and Mytilaspis, but 
the material is inadequate for proper study. JZ. chélaspidis is a very 
distinct species, but more nearly allied to other neotropical forms than to 
anything else. 

(7.) Lecaniodiaspis (Prosopophora) radiatus, n.sp.--¢. Long. 3, 
lat. 2 mm., often rounder, to long. 224, lat. 24% mm., more or less shiny, 
flattish, pale ochreous, with a longitudinal median keel, low but distinct, 
and well-defined radiating ribs, marking the segments. Removed from 
the bark, the scale leaves a whitish mark. Boiled in soda, it turns the 
liquid greenish. Antennz pale brownish, apparently 8-jointed, but the 
joints obscure ; 8 short, buttonlike ; 3 longest, then 4, or these two 
about equal ; 2 broader than long; 5 and 6 might be taken for one long 
joint, fully as long as 3 ; 7 very little smaller than 6. Dermis with numer- 
ous very small figure-of-8 glands, which under a low power look like 


270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


simple oval glands. Mouth-parts large, yellowish. Dermis not minutely 
wrinkled. Antennal formula (34) (12567) 8. 8 with some bristles, one 
longer than itself. . . 

Hab, —On bark of branch of some woody plant, Salina Cruz, Mexico, 
May 29, 1896. (Townsend: Div. Ent., No.7194.) JZ. radiatus is much 
more depressed than’ guercus, not marked like dendrobii, rounder than 
acaci@, differently coloured from euca/ypti, darker, rounder and smaller 
than rufescens, darker and more distinctly radiately ribbed than yzcca. 
It seems to be very near to Lecaniodiaspis atherosperme (Maskell), by its 
small size, 8-jointed antennz, and very minute figure-of-8 orifices ; yet it 
differs in some particulars, and is, I believe, not thesame. Z. atherospermae 
is from Australia, but it may not be a native of that country. Mr. Maskell 
himself remarks that it is more like the neotropical dendrobii than the 
other Australian members of the genus. 


« 


(8.) Conchaspis Newsteadi, n. sp.— 2 scales crowded on the bark, 
overlapping ; subcircular to oval, dirty white, low comes, diam. 24% mm. 
Apex sublateral, no radiating ridges. 

? oval, orange-brown, similiar to C. angreci in “most respects. 
Antenne 6-jointed, joints subequal, variable. Femur longer than tibio- 
tarsus, coxa about twice as broad as long. ‘The round gland orifices with 
crenate edges (so strongly crenate as to appear moniliform) are very 
distinct ; the hindmost segment that shows them is the fourth from the 
end, this has a pair, close together, on each side. ‘The next segment has 
on each side four close together, one a little mesad of these, then two at 
considerable intervals mesad. The next has on each side five in an 
irregular row, and ‘two pairs at considerable intervals mesad. The 
next has five and one mesad. The details of the arrangement will differ - 
on the two sides of the same specimen. Long marginal hairs as usual in 
the genus. Lobes at end of body indistinct. 

¢ scale similar to that of the ? in texture, but small and elongate. 

g Pupa red-brown, antennz stout, of about 7 joints, reaching be- 
yond base of the large rounded wing-pads ; end of abdomen with a short, 
stout caudal stylus, blunt at tip ; on each side of the last abdominal seg- 
ment, by the base of the stilus, are three bristles, two very small, one 
longer. 

fTab.—On Zuchil tree (Plumieria), Vera Cruz, Mexico, Feb. 26th. 
(Townsend: Div. Ent., No. 7159.) I take the liberty of connecting with 
this insect the name of Mr. R. Newstead, who, under the name of 


tHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 271 


Pseudinglisia, has given us the best account of Coxchaspis yet published. 
With Mr. Green’s Ceylon C. socéadis, this will make the third species of 
the genus so far discovered. The ¢ pupa, now described, is very inter- 
esting, as it is just like the pupa of a Diaspid. 


(9.) Llaveta exinus (de la Llave).—Prof. Townsend found at Salina 
Cruz, on May 27th, specimens of a large monophlelid, which I believe is 
identical with the imperfectly described Z/. ax‘nus. The specimens are 
red, with mealy powder, and are sparsely marked with small black spots ; 
dried specimens appear more grayish, and look something like very large 
Coccus cacti. The legs and antennz are red-brown, the inner side of 
tibia and tarsus presents a row of short spines, about 11 on anterior tibia, 
and six, very small, on anterior tarsus. There are two rows of longer 
spines on the under side of the femur. Dermis rather thickly beset with 
short hairs. The largest specimen sent to me is perhaps not adult, and 
has only nine-jointed antennz. Its dimensions are, long. 13 mm., lat. 
61%, alt. 44% mm. It appears, however, that adults were certainly found 
by Townsend, as among the material received at Washington were both 
eggs and young larve. Dr. Howard has kindly lent me a mounted 
larva, from which I have made the following description’: 


Larva oval, bright red, beset with short, rather stout spines. Seven 
very long hairs on each side of hindmost half of body, one to each seg- 
ment, each accompanied by a much shorter and more slender hair, the 
smaller hair on the penultimate segment longer than its representatives 
on those anterior to it, and about half as long as the long hair of the 
same segment. The long hairs of the caudal segment accompanied by 
two smaller hairs, of which the innermost are the longest. Legs long, 
femora moderately stout, those of front legs about as long as tibia, of 
hind legs shorter than tibia. Tibia and tarsus very slender; tarsus of 
front legs equal with tibia, of middle legs a little shorter, of hind legs con- 
spicuously shorter than tibia. Claw long, little curved. Eyes very 
dark, subconical. Antenne 6-jointed, last joint or club very large, much 
swollen, longer than 4 + 5, with three whorls of hairs. Second jointa 
little longer than third, 3 and 4 equal, 5 shortest. The joints from 1 to 4 
might be called subequal, and the formula then written 6(2134)5. 


Iam inclined to suppose that Llaveia and Ortonia will prove to be 
the same genus, differing at any rate not moré than do species now 
included under Jcerya., 


eee THE CANADIAN ENTOMQLOGIST. 


EARLY STAGES OF BREPHOS INFANS. 
BY DWIGHT BRAINERD, MONTREAL, 

Eggs laid April 25th, side by side, packed closely together on the 
twig at fork of leaf bud. The moth standing head downwards with half 
opened wings and “ see-sawing ” out a string of from three to twelve 
eggs. Between times it runs all over the twig as do the Tineids. Egg 
oblong, rounded at both ends, length .87 mm., width .46 mm. Slightiy 
roughened and punctured like the skin of an orange. Colour at first a 
delicate pea-green turning yellowish. The number deposited at the base 


of each leaf varied considerably. Hatched May 3rd to sth. At birth 
larva 1.6 mm., semi-transparent, light sap-green with evanescent purple 
shades. Body cylindrical, of same approximate size throughout, ending 
in a strongly bifurcate anal segment. Head light yellow-brown ; tst 
and 2nd epicranial and 1st clypeal setae rudimentary, the remaining 
eleven primary sete well-developed blunt bristles. Ocelli prominent, 
dark brown. Shield concolorous. ‘True Jegs transparent, with dark 
claws; 4th prolegs fleshy, rimmed with brown ; ; the dthers not showing. 

Segments 3-wiinkled, tubercles uniform on the abdominal joints; a 
pair each side of dorsal line, a single one above, a pair below spiracles 
and one above leg plate. Caterpillar a semi-looper, suspending itself by 
a thread. 

Second stage.—3.75 mm. Colour whitish-green, head yellow. 
Inter-segmental spaces white and much swollen. 

Third stage.—Length 12 mm. Sap-green changing to apple-green. 
Head and appendages, except claws, transparent. Body marked with a 
double ad-dorsal and a stigmatal white line. , 

Fourth stage.—Length 30 mm. Colour on dorsum apple-green to blue- 
green, according to age. Head appendages and venter much lighter ; 
almost yellowish. Tubercles simple, white, oval to round; sete short 
and spinulate. Ad-dorsal line wavy, obscure, slightly broken. There is 
a narrow double white line through abdominal segments on lateral - 
surface enclosing a darker area; and stigmatal band is broad, white to 
yellow-white. Spiracles red-brown edged with black, set in indistinct 
white blotches. Body cylindrical, tapering from 12th segment. Pupated 
June 12th. Food plant white birch. Pupa green at formation, changing 
to dark chestnut-brown. 14 X 4 mm., smooth. Extremities short, 
rounded ; medial portion cylindrical, of equi-width ; the whole cocoon 
approximately oval. Prothorax strongly incised dorsally and pitted. 
Frontal headpiece convex, hyaline. Maxille reach nearly and antennz 
fully to extremity of wing-covers. (4th a, s.) Abdominal segments 
slightly indented down the back. Cremaster with a single stout hook. 

Mr. H. H. Lyman kindly measured the eggs, and [ had the advan- 
tage of Rev. Mr. Fyles’s notes on the caterpillar. 


Mailed November 5th, 1897. 


The “2 ame Be nth 


“Vou. XXIX. LONDON, DECEMBER, SOT: No. 12. 


NOTES ON GRAPTA INTERROGATIONIS, Farr. 
BY H. H. LYMAN AND A. F. WINN, MONTREAL. 


This species was unusually abundant in this, as in many other 
localities, during the season of 1896, and afforded an excellent oppor- 
tunity for studying it, which we took advantage of by rearing it from the 
egg. The preparatory stages are well known, and a full account of the 
life history was given by Mr. W. H. Edwards in Can. Ent. XIV., pp. 
201-207. As noted by Mr. Edwards, the larve vary greatly, and this 
is true even in those raised from the same batch of eggs, and these 
variations seem to be in no way connected with the two forms of the 
imago. 

In Mr. Caulfield’s List of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Island of 
Montreal, published in the Can. Ent. in 1875, this species is called 
“rare,” and its seasons are stated to be ‘‘ May (hibernated); July to 
October.” 

The question as to the number of broods in the season is an interest- 
ing one and requires careful examination, but the majority of the 
authorities are not very clear upon this subject. 

Dr. J.G. Morris made no attempt in his “Synopsis” to deal with 
seasons or broods. 

Dr. Harris is not very clear, as he says that the butterfly “ first 
appears in May and again in August and September,” and that “the 
caterpillars come to their full growth in the latter part of August.” From 
these statements it would seem as if he only recognized one annual 
brood, the individuals of which hibernated and appeared again in the 
spring ; but he says further that ‘there is probably an early brood of 
caterpillars in June or July,” though he had not seen any on the hop vines 
before August, but from his remarks on the duration of the pupa stage, 
viz., “the chrysalis state usually lasts from eleven to fourteen days, but 
the later broods are more tardy in their transformations, the butterfly 
sometimes not appearing in less than 26 days after the change to the 
chrysalis,” would seem to indicate that he recognized more than two broods. 


274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Dr. Packard in his ‘‘ Guide” says of the butterfly : ‘‘ Itis found in 
May, August, and Autumn,” which would not indicate more than two 
broods. 

Mr. W. H. Edwards, who bred this species repeatedly at Coalburgh, 
says in the Can. Ent., X., 71, and XIV., 204, that in West Virginia 
“there are three broods and a more or less successful effort for a fourth.” 
“Tn Florida,” he says, “there are at least four broods, and probably 
five,” but that ‘in the Northern States, and probably in Canada, it is 
two-brooded.” 

Prof. Fernald in ‘‘ Butterflies of Maine” says nothing of the num- 
ber of broods, but mentions the dimorphic forms, so he must have recog- 
nized that there were at least two broods. 


Mr. Scudder in his ‘‘ Butterflies of New England” says it is double- 
brooded. the first brood in descent from the hibernators appearing in 
July, sometimes during the last days of June, and continuing into August, 
the second brood beginning to emerge towards the end of August and 
continuing to do so until at least the middle of October. 


In regard to the dates at which the hibernators appear in this latitude, 
Mr. Winn records in his notes April 25, 1890; April 14, 1892 ; April 9, 
1894 ; and found it quite common in New Brunswick the first week in 
May in 1896, the specimens seen there being of the form Fabricit. A few 
Fabricii were seen around Montreal during the latter half of May, but no 
particular attention was paid to them ; but on the 6th June our Montreal 
Branch joined the Natural History Society in its annual field day, but 
separated from the party at Ste. Adele, at which point a number of 
Interrogationis were seen, and two were taken by one of our members, but 
both were of the form Umbrosa, though worn, and either hibernators or, 
perhaps, colonists from the South. 

In this connection reference may be made to the experience of Mr. 
W. F. Fiske, of Mast Yard, N. H., as written to Mr. Lyman, and since 
then published in the Can. Enr., XXIX., 26. In this case no specimens 
of Interrogationis were seen till the middle of May, when a badly worn 
Umbrosa was observed, and during the rest of the month this form was 
common, but no Fabricii were seen, and this certainly suggests the idea 
that these individuals were colonists from the South. 


On 13th June our Branch had a little excursion to the Blue Bonnets 
Swamp, about half way to Lachine, and several Umbrosa were seen and 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275 


’ 


taken. Most of these were worn, but Mr. Winn saw a fresh specimen, 
and others were seen and one secured on the r4th. 

These were evidently individuals of the first brood in descent from 
hibernators or colonists, and assuming that the eggs were laid during the 
first week of May, would allow about six weeks from egg to imago, which 
corresponds with the experience of Mr. Edwards with the first brood in 
West Virginia, which took 37 days—28th April to 4th June. 

On 14th June Mr. Winn also observed two very much worn Fabricii 
ovipositing on the young leaves of an elm. This late laying of eggs causes 
the broods to overlap and makes it almost impossible to tell to what 
generation any captured specimen belongs. 

From the 15th to the end of June Umbrosa was quite common, but 
no more Fabricii were seen. On 24th a number of larve, apparently not 
more than a day old and quite close to the empty egg-shells, were found, 
and on 25th about 4o eggs and seven young larve were found on a bunch 
of elm leaves plucked at random. These produced the imagos between 
1gth and zgth July and were 31 Umbrosa and two Fabricii, and were 
doubtless part of the second brood of the season. 

On rst July Mr. Lyman took at Lachine a 2 Umbrosa and confined 
it over leaves of elm, but no eggs were laid for over a week. 

On 12th July the butterfly was found to be dead, but had laid tor 
eggs, some almost ready to hatch and some just recently laid. 

The eggs began hatching that same evening and others continued to 
hatch during the 13th and r4th. Some of the earliest to hatch passed 
first moult on the 15th, the third day from the egg. The first chrysalis 
was formed on sth Aug., and the first imago emerged on 13th Aug., 
giving a pupal period of eight days, a period from hatching of egg to 
imago of 32 days, and a probable period from oviposition to imago of 35, 
or, at the outside, 36 days. 

Some, of course, took a few days longer than this, but all had 
emerged by the 21st August. Of nearly 60 butterflies which emerged, 
not more than five were Fabricii, all the others being Umbrosa. 


Now it seems clear that the parent butterfly which was taken on ist 
July, but would not lay tili 8th or oth, must have belonged to the first 
brood in descent from the hibernators or colonists, whichever the early 
ones were, and that the brood thus reared represented the second brood, 
and there would be abundance of time after the 21st August for a third 
brood to mature. That such a third brood must exist is practically 


276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


proved by the fact that the second brood as raised by us was almost 
entirely composed of the form Umbrosa, while it is well known that 
Fabricii largely predominates in the autumn, which would not be the 
case if there were no third brood. 


On 26th July, while Mr. Winn’s second brood was emerging, he 
confined a 2 Umbrosa on elm and obtained eggs the same day, which 
hatched on 30th. Others were caged on 28th and five more on 2nd Aug., 
on hop, and many eggs were obtained. Some were left on the food plant, 
but the others were taken on a holiday trip to Metis, Q., the last hatching 
7th Aug. On Aug. 24th the first chrysalis was formed, and imago emerged 
4th Sept. and proved to be Fabricii, but at the same time a number of 
the larve were just past the third moult. While at Metis the larve 
were fed on hop, as elm trees were not found, and when brought back 
to Montreal were again fed on elm. 


Either from this change of diet or from the colder climate of the 
lower St. Lawrence, the majority of this brood were greatly retarded and 
emerged at intervals all through September, and one as late as 18th Oct. 
Of nineteen individuals seventeen were Fabricii and two Umbrosa. 

One fresh Umbrosa was also seen on 16th Sept., and Fabricii was 
common on the fine days of the early part of that month. 

This makes the third brood, with a varying preparatory life duration 
of 40 to 77 days. 

With Mr. Edwards the period of the third brood varied from 31 to 
probably over 50 days. 

In nature the oviposition of the various broods would doubtless be 
extended over a longer time and the emergence of the imago similarly 
spread out, but when a species can go through all its changes in from 31 
to 36 days it stands to reason that there must be at least three broods in 
the season in this latitude. 

The third brood must certainly hibernate, and Mr. Winn found that 
those flying in September did not seem inclined to lay eggs, and careful 
search failed to produce a single one. . 

In Can. Ent., X., p. 72, Mr. Edwards states his belief that the 
scarcity of hibernators in the spring compared with the abundance of the 
species in the summer is due to the existence of the species being 
dependent on the partial fourth brood, which he considers the only one 
that hibernates, and states that the species does not suffer from parasites 
to any extent, 


bo 
~I 
~I 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


This statement, published in April, 1878, is strikingly at variance with 
his former notes upon this species in part 9 of Butt. N. A., I, issued in 
January, 1872, pages 117--118 of the volume, where, after recounting the 
large number of enemies which prey upon it, he says, ‘‘ It is doubtful if 
much more than two per cent. of the eggs laid produce butterflies.” 


Mr. Winn collected early in September from off the fence over which 
his hop vine grew 32 chrysalids, being the result of the eggs laid 3rd and 
4th August, which he had left upon the vine. From these only two but- 
terflies emerged, both on 18th September, and, curiously enough, one was 
a ¢ Umbrosa and the other a ¢ Fabricii. All the others were attacked 
by parasites, which Mr. W. H. Harrington determined as Pteromalus 
puparum, Linn. 

The following notes upon the eggs were made by Mr. Lyman : 


In regard to the colour, number of ribs, etc., of the eggs, there is 
considerable divergence among the authorities. 


In regard to the colour, Scudder, quoting Riley, says that at first they 
are dull bluish-green, afterwards becoming grayish-green with silvery 
reflection. Edwards and Fernald call them “ pale green,” and this I con- 
sider correct, as I could see no trace of blue-green about them. Edwards 
says that the eggs have eight or nine vertical ribs, and is followed by 
Fernald. Edwards also says that the eggs laid in strings have always the 
same number of ribs, and hence Scudder deduces the theory that indi- 
vidual butterflies always lay eggs of the same number of ribs, but the latter 
author gives the number of ribs as ‘“‘nine to eleven, commonly ten.” 


Of the 191 eggs laid by my butterfly in confinement, 24 were laid on 
the leaves, 3 being above and 21 below, and the rest, except 2, on 
the gauze. : 


There were ten strings of two, four strings of three, one pyramid 
formed of two below and one above, and another formed by one standing 
upright upon one on its side, and sixty-four singles. Some of the strings 
were very irregular, and some had apparently been laid at different times. 


Of 52 eggs examined, 31 had g ribs and 2r had 10. One of 9g 
ribs, with larva nearly ready to hatch, had a green newly laid egg with 10 
ribs on top of it. 


In striking contrast to its abundance in 1896, only one specimen of 
this butterfly was seen during the season of 1897 by Mr, Winn, 


278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


NEW SPECIES OF CHIONASPIS. 
BY R. A. COOLEY, B. S., AMHERST, MASS. 


At the request of Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, through correspondence 
with Prof. Fernald, I was induced to take up the study of the genus 
Chionaspis, and Prof. Lull the genus Pudvinarta. Prof. Fernald prepared 
and sent out a circular letter to all entomologists whose addresses could 
be obtained, in this and other countries, and personal letters were also 
sent to the leading coccidologists, asking for as many species as possible 
to aid in the preparation of monographs of these two genera. The 
result has been most gratifying, for aiready a very large amount of 
material has been received. 

In the material before me the following new species of Chionaspis 
have been found, and are published now in preference to waiting till the 
monograph is issued. ‘The studies on these insects are being made in 
Prof. Fernald’s entomological laboratory connected with the Massachusetts 
Agricultural College, where every possible facility is afforded for breeding 
and studying insects, together with very complete literature of the subject. 


Chionaspis Cockerelli, n. sp. 

Scale of female.—The female scale is about 3.2 mm. long, straight 
or very slightly curved, moderately thick in texture, slightly convex, white, 
with the exuviz pale yellowish-brown, the second skin being covered with 
secretion. 

Femate.—The pygidium is distinctly notched at the end, the sides of 
the notch being formed by the divergent median lobes. ‘These lobes are 
firmly united at the base and have serrate edges. Two distinct parallel 
spines arising from the bottom of the notch are about as long as the 
distance between the inner edges of the lobes at the base. Compared 
with the other lobes of the pygidium the median ones are larger and 
extend farther into the body. Each lobe of the second pair is composed 
of twe well rounded and distinct lobules, the incision between them 
extending to the base of the lobe. ‘The inner lobule is larger and extends 
posteriorly about even with the median lobes. The third pair of lobes 
may be present or aborted ; when present they are broad and low, with an 
elongated pore anterior to the base of each. Between the median and 
second pair is a minute spine, followed by a plate which is about as long 
as the second pair of lobes, and following these is a conical projection 
bearing a marginal pore. Outside of the second lobe is a spine, a plate 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279 


and a marginal pore, this plate being a little larger than the first one. 
Following the third lobe, when it is present, or a space when it is absent, 
there are two spines, one above and one below. ‘These are followed bya 
plate and a distinct marginal pore, and after an interval interrupted by one 
or two spines, another plate, and following this another interval, terminated 
by a group of about three plates. 

The spinnerets are in five groups: median, 7-9 ; anterior laterals, 
17-23 ; posterior laterals, 23-34. 

Described from dead and shrunken specimens. 

Scale of mave.—Length, 1.2 mm. ; feebly carinated, white, with the 
larval skin almost colourless. 

Described from a single imperfect specimen. 

Male.—Male insect unknown. 

The specimens were taken by Mr. Alexander Craw, on palm imported 
from China to San Francisco, Cal., July 11, 1897. 

I take pleasure in naming this insect after Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, 
who has made extensive and valuable contributions to our knowledge of 
the Coccidz, and has shown me many kindnesses in my work on this 
group of insects. 


Chionaspis aucuba, n. sp. 

Scale of female.—The female scale somewhat resembles that of 
Chionaspis Lintneri in outline, being-strongly broadened posteriorly and 
abruptly rounded at the extremity. It is moderately convex, about 3 mm. 
in length and about 2 mm. in width. The exuvie at the apex of the scale 
have the first skin very pale yellow, and the second yellowish or brownish. 
The second skin is covered with a slight secretion. The scale itself is 
white and very thick and strong. There is a partial ventral scale at the 
anterior end. 

Female.—As I had only dead and dry specimens of this insect, I 
made no attempt to describe anything but the pygidium of the female. 
Median lobes moderate in size, divergent, united at the base, with their 
inner edges distinctly serrate. Each lobe of the second pair is composed 
of two rounded lobules, the incision between the two reaching nearly or 
quite to the base of the lobe. The inner lobule is larger and projects 
farther posteriorly than the outer, sometimes surpassing the median lobes. 
‘The third lobe is simple and sometimes rudimentary. Between the bases 
of the median lobes is a pair of minute convergent spines. On each side 
between the median and second lobes are a spine, a plate and a marginal 


280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


pore, and between the second and third lobes two spines, one above and 
one below, followed first by one or two plates, and then by a conical 
projection bearing a marginal pore. Outside of the third lobe are a spine 
and from one to three plates, then a slight notch, immediately followed by 
a marginal pore and after a space two unequal spines and about three 
plates. Following these plates are a notch and a marginal pore, then 
after a space a group of about five plates. 

Spinnerets arranged in five groups: median, 8-14 ; anterior laterals, 
19-28 ; posterior laterals, 19-33. 

Scale of male.—The mate scales are much more numerous than 
those of the female. They are white, delicate in texture, about 1.2 mm. 
in length, the larval skin at the anterior end being colourless or slightly 
yellowish. The scale itself may be parallel sided or slightly broadened 
posteriorly, and is indistinctly carinated. 

Male.—Male insect unknown. 

On Aucuba from Japan. Discovered by Mr. Craw in the course of 
his quarantine work at San Francisco, The scales are grouped together 
on one side of the leaf beneath, and the edge of the leaf is folded under, 
almost completely hiding them from view. 

Chionaspis wistari@, 0. sp. 

Scale of female.—The female scale is about 2 mm. in length, though 
some specimens are slightly longer, moderately broadened, dirty white in 
colour and delicate in texture, being a close imitation of the epidermis of 
the bark on which it rests. The scales usually occur in the longitudinal 
cracks of the bark, and are partially concealed under the epidermis. 
They are very often pressed out of the normal form. The exuvie are 
brownish, and the second skin is covered with secretion. u 

Female.—The following description of the female was made from 
dead and shriveled insects. The median pair of lobes is large and 
conspicuous, the second pair considerably smaller, and the third pair 
obsolete. ‘he median lobes are darker in colour than any other part of 
the pygidium, firmly joined at the base, their inner edges parallel and 
nearly touching each other for about half their length, then diverging at 
about a right angle, with the exposed edges serrate. The second lobe is 
composed of two lobules, the inner one being the larger. Within the 
outer edge of each of the median lobes is a spine, and next to this a 
short blunt plate, followed by a marginal pore. Between the lobules of 
the second lobe is a spine, and outside of the second lobe are a plate and 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281 


two marginal pores, followed first by a spine and then by a plate, which 
is about as long as the median lobes, and often forked at the tip. Outside 
of this plate are two marginal pores, followed by a spine and one or two 
plates, then after another marginal pore a group of about four plates. 

There are five groups of spinnerets ; median, 8-15 ; anterior laterals, 
19-31; posterior laterals, 13-23. 

Scale of male.—The male scale, as in all other species of this genus, 
is elongated in form and white in colour. The sides are nearly parallel, 
and it is distinctly tri-carinated. Length, about 1 mm. The larval skin 
resembles the anterior or smaller one of the female scale. 

Ma/le.—Male insect unknown. 

Dicovered by Mr. Craw, July 8, 1897, at San Francisco, on the bark 
of Wistaria from Japan. 

Chionaspis pintfolie heterophylla, n var. 

Scale of female.—The scale of the female is indistinguishable from 
that of pinifolie, Fitch, having the same range of form and size, the 
colour of the scale and exuviz being the same. The scales vary in size 
from 2 mm. to 3.4 mm., the average length being about 2.5 mm. The 
scale is white, strongly convex, with the exuvie at the anterior extremity 
yellow, both skins being naked. 

Female.—The description of the female is made from dead and 
shriveled specimens. At the anterior end of the body are two distinct, 
curved bristles, which may be the rudiments of the antenne ; these are 
found also in pintfoli@. The last segment terminates in a median notch, 
the sides of which are formed by the divergent median lobes. The lobes 
of the second pair are low and inconspicuous, and each one is composed 
of two lobules of about equal size. Two minute spines, one above and 
one below, arise from near each median lobe, though back from the edge 
of the segment. Contiguous to each median lobe is a simple plate, 
outside of which is a marginal pore. Between the lobules of the Second 
lobe is a distinct spine, and outside of this lobe is a plate with a spine at 
its base, followed by a marginal pore. Outside of the rudimentary third 
lobe is a marginal pore, followed by a spine and a plate with a spine at 
its base. ‘Then follows a pronounced marginal pore, a short interval, 
another space and a long interval, interrupted only by a spine, and 
terminated by the fourth and last plate. 

There are five groups of spinnerets : median, 4-8 ; anterior laterals, 
12-18 ; posterior laterals, 14-16. The chief characters by which pinifolie 


282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and the variety can be separated are the presence of the median notch 
in the variety and the larger size and more rounded form of the lobes in_ 
pinifolie. 

Scale of male.—TVhe male scale cannot be distinguished from that of 
pinifolie. It is slightly more than 1 mm. long and .4 mm. wide at the 
posterior end, where it attains its greatest width. The scale is white, with 
a moderately distinct median carina. The larval skin is like the first one 
of the female. 

Male.—Male insect unknown. 

On Cuban pine, Pinus heterophylla, from Florida. I am indebted 
to Prof. A. L. Quaintance for a bountiful supply of specimens, as well as 
to Prof. Cockerell, who first called my attention to this insect and.sent me 
specimens. 

The scales are found chiefly at the bases of the very long, slender 
leaves, and mostly on the inner surface. A few specimens occur also on 
the stems of the new growth. There were circular openings in a few of 
the female scales, from which parasites had emerged. 

The following original description, which has never been published, 
was sent to me by Prof. Cockerell to be added to this paper : 


Chionaspis latissima, Ckll. 


C. latissima, Ckll., Calif. Fruit Grower, June 5, 1897, pp. 4-5. 
(Descriptive note ; no full description.) 

‘‘ Female scale circular, 2 mm. diam., white, semitransparent, with the 
light ocreous exuvie to one side, first skin half overlapping second, 
second skin oval. Eggs shining, pale pink. 

‘“« ¢ scale linear, white, with a very feeble median keel. 


“2 when boiled in caustic soda turns yellow, marbled and suffused 
with bright blue-green ; the mouth-parts remain a warm brown. Under 
pressure the 2 becomes greatly elongated. Anal orifice level with the 
lower (caudad) edge of the cephalolateral glands. Five groups of ventral 
glands, median of 8, cephalolaterals of 18, caudolaterals of 20. Lateral 
dorsal rows of elongated pores. General characters of chinensis, nyss@, etc. 
Differs from chinensis by the median lobes being not or barely brownish, 
and being decidedly produced, and the second and third lobes each 
represented by three distinct lobules. The lobes are much more produced 
than in zysse. The spinelike plates are large. ‘The scale is very similar 
to vitis, Green, but is smaller than that or varicosa, Green. 

“On under sides of leaves of Desty/ium racemosum, from Japan, 
found by Mr. Alex. Craw, April, 1897, in the course of his quarantine work 
at San Francisco.” 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283 


PREPARATORY STAGES OF PYRUS TESSELLATA, Scup. 
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. 

Egg.— Diameter, .o2 inch. Blunt conical, height about the same as 
the diameter ; ridged with about 30 longitudinal striw, with shallower 
cross strie. Colour pale green. Duration of this period six days. 

Young Larve.—Length, .o8 inch; cylindrical; head somewhat 
cordate, two-thirds the width of the body; the anterior part of joint 2 
about one-half the diameter of the head, the posterior part as wide as 
joint 3 ; each joint back of 2 with four low transverse folds besides the 
very narrow fold at each end of the joint. Colour pale greenish with a 
white sheen ; piliferous spots concolorous ; hairs erect, forked to about the 
middle, the forks curving back towards the body anteriorly and posteriorly. 
These are the hairs from the piliferous spots. Hairs on the body black, 
hairs on the head and joint 2 white and not furcate. Head jet black ; 
joint 2 pale yellow-brown with a black transverse bar just back of the 
middle of the joint; dark along the sides ; thoracic feet black. ‘There 
are eight hairs in pairs on the dorsal bar of joint 2. Duration of this 
period two or three days. 

After first Moult.—Length, .15 inch. Shape not materially changed. 
Head and joint 2 jet black ; hairs all white, shorter than before, more 
numerous, the end capitate instead of bifid ; head and neck corrugated. 
Duration of this period six days. 

After second Moult.—Length, .40 inch. Marked as before ; hairs 
still capitate, white; a dorsal and subdorsal line a little more plainly 
green; head and joint 2 profusely hairy, but the hairs are all short, 
surface corrugated. Previous to this mou!t the larve mostly lay coiled on 
the surface of the food plant, but now they straighten out under a thin 
silky covering. Duration of this period four days. 

+ After third Moult.—Length, .50 inch. Cylindrical, head about the 
same width as the body ; black, covered with white hairs, each of which 
has about six short side spurs from about the middle up ; joint 2 black, 
with the dorsal bar red-brown with a whitish margin ; hairs on this joint 
of two kinds, short and long, the long about one-sixth the width of the 
body in length and very shallowly trifid at the end ; body, each joint 
with five folds, the anterior twice the width of the others ; two forms of 
hairs, one very short and the other long, each long one about the length 
of those on joint 2 and arising from a white conical base, trifid at the 
outer end; the short ones arising from a shorter cone and capitate at 


284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ee “ eee a —— 


the end. Colour of the body pale yellowish-green, a more distinct 
dorsal and subdorsal stripe and the subdorsal space with mottlings of 
darker green ; stigmata sordid white. Duration of this period four days. 

After fourth Moult.—Length, .85 to.g5 inch. About the same as 
during preceding period, but the nead hairs have a brown tinge, and 
joint 2 is brown, with a whitish dorsal line, and sometimes subdorsal 
also. Duration of this period seven days. 

Pupa,—Length, .55 inch; diameter, .15 inch. Nearly cylindrical ; 
from the head to the posterior part of the wing-cases .37 inch, these 
extending nearly to the posterior edge of joint 5; body pretty well 
covered with short, simple, white hairs; head rounded, eyes rather 
prominent, a prominent tuft of hairs between them (frontal hairs they 
might be called), another anterior tuft on the inner edge of margin of 
eye, more on the outer margin, while the space around the eye between 
these tufts is without hairs. Colour gray; head gray with a greenish 
tinge except on the eye-space; dorsal part of thorax gray with a slight 
green tinge, three transverse rows of small black spots, the first, one on 
each side, subdorsal ; the second row six, one each side of a very slight 
green dorsal line and one on each side of what would be a subdorsal 
line if such were present, alittle anterior to the others; third row six, 
one on each side of the dorsal line and one outside and a little anterior 
to this and one on the shoulder of hind wings. Spiracle just back of 
the eye large, elevated, dark or Vandyke brown, the outer portion pale. 
Wing-cases green, ribbed as usual, mottled slightly in two shades, but not 
strongly contrasting; abdomen with each joint gray (the gray of the 
whole pupa a more sordid white with a gray tint, as there is none of the 
dark gray about it), slightly green tinted, the incisures more distinctly 
pale green, each joint with its row of small black spots across the middle, 
supplemented back of the row with a less perfect row of smaller spots, 
the first row of six spots, of which the outer spot on each end of the 
row is the black spiracle ; cremaster brown, elongated hooks at the end 
that fasten into a thin, loose button of silk. Duration of this period eight 
days. i 

The larvee, when ready to pupate, folded a leaf together and loosely 
fastened it with silk, but there was no lining of silk except a small, thin 
button to which the cremaster was attached. 


The eggs were sent me by Dr. C. Hoeg, of Decorah, Iowa. At first 
he sent me two eggs under date of July 31st, 1897, that he had found on 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285 


Malva rotundifolia. These did not hatch on account of injury in 
transit, and under date of August 6th he sent me fifteen more, found on 
the same plant. ‘These hatched out August rath. I fed them first on a 
species of Abutilon, but as they did not take to that readily, though 
eating it a little, I changed to A/thea rosea. I think they will eat any of 
the rough-leaved Malvacez readily. On account of being away from 
home part of the time, the larve were somewhat neglected in the last 
stages, but notwithstanding this two passed through all their stages, pro- 
ducing the first imago September 12, 1897. 


THREE INTERESTING STAPHYLINIDA FROM QUEEN 
CHARLOTTE ISLANDS. 
‘BY REV. J. H. KEEN, MASSETT, B. C. 

At the request of Dr. James Fletcher, I am writing a few notes to 
accompany the three figures which have been made at his instance, and 
kindly presented by him. They represent three Staphylinide taken by 
me at Massett, on the Queen Charlotte Islands, and were prepared under 
the direction of Mons. A. Fauvel, the well-known specialist in that order, to 
whom also I am indebted for the determination of the beetles themselves. 


Haida Keeni, Fauvel. New gen. and new sp. (Fig. 34.) 

For this interesting little Homadien, M. Fauvel found it necessary to 
construct a new genus, and his description will be given in full as soon as it 
comes to hand. The beetle is of a dark reddish- 
brown colour, much brighter on the elytra, which 
have a broad transverse band of black posteriorly. 
It varies a good deal in size and also in the depth 
of its coloration. It is found throughout the 
year, but is most abundant in September, when it 
frequents rotten leaves on the ground, and seems 
to have a preference for elder leaves. In winter 
it Occurs in moss about the roots of spruce and 
other trees. It is somewhat sluggish in its move- 

Es ments and feigns death for a minute or more on 
being disturbed. I have not yet succeeded in taking it on the mainland, 
though it is fairly common at Massett. 


Liparocephalus brevipennis, Moki. (Fig. 35.) 
This submarine species is very abundant on the shores of the Q. C. 
Islands and not uncommon on the mainland opposite, though until I 


286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


took specimens of it at Massett it was known only, Dr. Fletcher says, by 
the type specimen at Washington. The insects are found sb ibis over 
barnacle-covered stones and boulders near low-water 
mark. Occasionally they occur congregated in a 
mass of several hundreds under a single stone, but for 
what purpose I have been unable to discover. It is 
most abundant in autumn. 

From some experiments I made with several 
specimens in a dish of salt water in which was a half- 
submerged stone, I observed that they cannot swim 
under water, but merely crawl on the stones, their 
pubescence enabling them to surround themselves 
with minute bubbles of air. They could not be 
induced to enter the water from the top of the stone. If forced to leave 
the stone they would swim on the surface, but seemed incapable of 
diving. If touched while on the side of the stone under water, however, 
they feigned death, and had the power of sinking readily to the bottom. 
Some that were left all night swimming on the surface of the water were 
found dead in the morning, while others which had been submerged all 
night were still active. 


Fic. 35. 


A question has been raised as to whether Z. cordicollis, Lec. (exactly 
similar to the present species in form, but with the head and thorax 
brown), is anything more than a colour variety. I have watched both 
with this point in view, and speaking merely as a field observer, my belief 
is that they are separate species. JZ. cordicol/is is the rarer of the two, 
but when it occurs it is in little colonies. I know, for instance, one large 
boulder where almost at any time I could take fifty specimens of 
cordicollis, but where I have never yet seen drevipennis. I have, more- 
over, never seen one of each zz coitu, though pairs of one or the other 
are commonly met with. I may add that my view seems to receive slight 
confirmation from the fact that three other species of submarine beetles 
occur at Massett with black abdomen and limbs, but with brown head 
and thorax. On the other hand, however, I have noticed that the brown 
of cordicoddis darkens considerably with keeping. | 


Tanyrhinus singularis, Mann. (Fig. 36.) 


This curious insect seems to be rare in collections, for neither Mons. 
Fauvel nor the late Dr. Hamilton possessed a specimen till they received 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287 


one from me. Mr. L. O. Howard, however, tells me 
he has a good series in the National Museum at 
Washington. It is by no means common at Massett, 
for I have only taken nine in seven years, and never 
more than three in one year. It has occurred always 
in the same spot—on the under side of a rotten 
spruce log on the ground. From positions 1 have 
taken it in I conclude that it feeds either on the 
rotten wood or on minute fungoid growths on the 

Fic, 36. wood. On one occasion I obtained two specimens 
by pouring water into the log, which is now soft and fibrous with age, 
when they emerged from holes. The insect is slow and deliberate in its 
movements, and makes no attempt to fly when disturbed. It has 
occurred only in early spring ; several of my specimens were taken in the 
middle of February when snow was on the ground. 


ON THE GENERIC POSITION OF SOME BEES HITHERTO 
REFERRED TO PANURGUS AND CALLIOPSIS. 


BY T. D. A COCKERELL, MESILLA, N.. MEX. 


Having lately received from Mr. Friese, of Innsbruck, a number of 
European bees, I have been led to re-examine certain of our species, in 
order to determine their relationship to a number of old-world genera not 
supposed to occur in America. The result is extremely interesting, and 
seems to show that we have for many years been placing bees in genera 
to which they by no means belong. The following table may be used 
provisionally to separate the genera under discussion* : 

A. Tongue more or less short and broad, tapering at the end. (An- 


drenine). 
1. Basal nervure nearly or quite straight. 
a. three submarcmal Celis... ...... 03... 202). aiadirents; Pabr. 
b. Two submarginal cells..................Farandrena, Rob. 
2. Basal nervure strongly bent. 
a.. Three. submarginal cells:........... BP ee 2010 1 aad eG 
b. Two submarginal cells.................Hemihalictus, Ckll. 


*Mr, Friese sends me also four examples of Vomdoides pulchellus, Schenck, taken 
at Pest on the second of June. This bee is a Perdita with the venation ofan Halictus! 
It is curious to see all the ornaments, sculpture, etc., of Perdita, with a long tapering 
marginal cell and three submarginals. _ It is evident from this, and from the absence of 
Perdita in the American tropics, that our genus is of boreal origin, not austral, as I 
formerly thought, 


288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


B. Tongue narrow and more -or less elongated, usually quite long. 
(Panurgine). 
1. Marginal cell produced, tapering to a point, not appendiculate. 
a. Body Coé/etes-shaped, abdomen with hair-bands. Rhophites, Spin. 
b. Body gestern abdomen without well-formed hair- 
bands. gS) atts + RRS .. Halictoides, Nyl. 
2. Marginal zal truncate at tip, usually spoaidiculaté 
a. Body Codletes-shaped, abdomen usually with hair- 


bands . Bee . . Calliopsis, Sm. 
b. Body Pilea. -shapedn abaleien? etic: welt formed _hair- 
bands) ohio) SEI. EL a oS Pome 


The genera under B have but two submarginal cells ; those under A 
all have a marginal tapering to a point. I give the subfamilies as I find 
them, but it seems at least probable that the form of the tongue is an 
adaptive character, not to be relied upon for separating groups higher 
than genera. The Panurginz, notwithstanding the tongue, appear to 
be certainly Andrenide. 

Parandrena. 

The type is P. andrenoides, a spring-flying species. The smaller 
stigma of the autumnal “ Panurgus” pectidis, rhodoceratus and olivie \s 
paralleled in Andrena by that of A. pulchella, also an autumnal insect. 
For the present I would place the three species of “* Panurgus” named 
in Parandrena, with the reservation that they may hereafter need to be 
separated from it. They are much nearer to R#ophites than to Panurgus. 


FHemthalictus. 


The type is A /ustrans, described as Panurgus. This looks not 
unlike the European /adictoides, but differs in the tongue, which in 
Hfalictoides is very narrow, and by the strongly bent basal nervure and 
the third discoidal cell considerably narrowed above. 


Rhophites. 

Mr. Friese sends me &. guinguespinosus, Spin., and R#. canus, Ev. 
These are what we should call Panurgus, and if there are in our fauna 
any “ Panurgus” with the pointed marginal cell, of fairly robust shape, 
with abdominal hair-bands, these will belong to Rophites, provided they 
have the narrow elongated tongue which separates them from Parandrena. 
The stigma of Rofphites is small, as in the autumnal species provisionally 
referred above to Parandrena. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289 


Halictoides. 
Many authors have confused this with Ropfites, but it is fairly 
distinct. I have before me the following species : 
HT. paradoxus, Moraw.—Innsbruck, July 15th; Sept. 13th, at 
Euphrasia. Coll. Friese. 
FT. dentirentris, Ny|.—Andermatt, July gth; “ Weissnfls,” Aug. 3rd; 
Sept. 2nd, at Campanula, Coll. Friese. 


HI. inermis, Nyl.—‘‘ Weissnfls,” July 13th, at Campanula. Coll. 
Friese. 


H.. marginatus (Cress., as Panurgus ).—My New Mexico insect has 
stood as Aavictu/us, Cr., but according to Robertson that is identical with 
marginatus. It flies in August and September. 


HT, campanula, n. sp.—¢. Length, 9 to 10 mm. Black, shiny ; 
pubescence sparse; pale cinereous, mixed with black, on head and 
thorax; black, with a little cinereous, on abdomen and legs. Hair 
on inner side of tarsi shining orange-fulvous. Head large, very broad, a 
little broader than thorax, subquadrate, facial quadrangle very much 
broader than long, anterior edge of clypeus with a hoary fringe, clypeus 
and front appearing rough from very close punctures, mandibles with a 
well-formed inner tooth, antenne crenulate, flagellum feebly tinged with 
ferruginous beneath; mesothorax shiny, with distinct, rather close 
punctures ; enclosure of metathorax coarsely rugose ; tegulz piceous, 
with a hyaline band ; wings smoky, nervures and stigma piceous, first 
recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell considerably nearer its 
base than the second recurrent to its apex; second to fourth joints of 
hind tarsi broadened, triangular ; abdomen shining, the surface appear- 
ing silky, hardly punctured ; no hair- or colour-bands ; sides of segments 
towards apex with tufts of black hair ; apex conspicuously tufted with 
more or less shining sooty hair; a large tuft of sooty or black hair also 
arises from the sixth ventral segment, and is very conspicuous when the 
insect is viewed from the side. ‘Tongue narrow. 


Hab.— Four from Olympia, Washington State, June 30; all at 
flowers of Campanuda scouleri. (T. Kincaid, coll.) 


How many more of our so-called Panurgus will be found to belong 
to Halictoides I do not know, but it is probable that an examination of 
the types will show that we have at least as many /fa/ictoides (six) as are 
known from the other side of the world. 


290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Panurgus. 

Taschenberg (‘‘ Die Gattungen der Bienen”) separates Panurgus from 
Rhophites by its truncate, appendiculate, marginal cel’. Three European 
species, now before me, all exhibit this character, which is generic. It 
therefore follows that none of the so-called Panurgus of Cresson’s 1887 
Catalogue belong to that genus. So far as known, we have no typical 
Panurgus in North America; two Panurgus-like forms may be referred 
to a new group, thus : 

Pseudopanurgus, n. g. 

Type Ps. ethiops (Cr., as Panurgus). Includes also Ps. fraterculus 
(Ckll., as Caddiopsis). Black, nearly naked, strongly punctured, wings 
fuliginous, marginal cell distinctly but obliquely truncate at tip, two sub- 
marginals, first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell no great 
distance before its middle, second recurrent joining it gust before tts tip, 
basal process of labrum large, subguadrate. In some respects this seems 
to resemble Provancher’s Che/ynia (which I have not seen), but it is 
surely not the same thing. 

Panurginus. 

Mr. Friese sends me P. montanus, Gir., collected at Airolo, Andermatt, 
and Innsbruck. It flies at the end of June and beginning of July ; one 
specimen is marked as from Ranunculus. The clypeus is yellow in the g, 
dark in 2. To this genus belong Panurginus clypeatus (Cr.), bidentis 
(Ckll.), margaritensis (Fox), compositarum (Rob.), a/bitarsis (Cr.),ornatipes 
(Cr.), rudbeckia (Rob.), etc., all now referred in our lists to Cad/iopsis. 
The European ?. montanus has the venation of our P. clypeatus. 


Calliopsis. 

This name can be retained for such svecies as C. andreniformis, 
coloradensis, obscurellus, etc. There also remain some forms which must 
be left in Ca//iopsis until a better place is found for them, although 
they seem scarcely congeneric with andreniformis. 


Dr. Harrison G. Dyar has removed from New York to Washing- 
ton, D. C., where he has accepted the position of Honorary Curator of 
Lepidoptera in the United States National Museum. 


Mr. ArtTHUR J. SNyDER, of Evanston, Ill., has recently been 
appointed Principal of the North Belvidere Schools, His address is now 
521 East Madison street, Belvidere, Ill. 


ee ee ee ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291 


A LIST OF MANITOBA MOTHS. 


BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN. 


The following list of Manitoba species, it is hoped, will prove of 
interest to readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : 


With a few exceptions, the records are from my own observations 
and captures. The list covers the work or collecting of three whole 
seasons and the latter half of a fourth; and it is to a great extent a local 
one, very little collecting having been done outside of the Winnipeg 
district. 


Last season (1896), in July, and again this year, in August, I was 
fortunate in being able to visit Brandon, Man.—some 130 miles west of 
Winnipeg—where, especially during my first visit in July, I enjoyed some 
very successful collecting, and I am thus enabled to add a considerable 
number of things to my list, many of them very desirable species. 


I believe a comparison of collections made at Brandon and at 
Winnipeg would show some striking differences, many of the Western 
forms occurring at Brandon not reaching so far east as Winnipeg. This 
district embraces some open “rolling” prairie, a good deal of swampy 
land covered with willow and other bushes, plenty of thick “ bush” 
containing no trees of any size, a little fine timber, mostly elm, along the 
river “‘ bottoms,” and a gravel ridge many miles in extent, more or less 
wooded, with some sandy tracts, commencing at Bird’s Hill, some eight 
miles from this city. 


The last described locality much resembles the general run of 
country around Brandon, and after Elm Park, situated in a bend of the 
Red River, about three miles out of Winnipeg, is much the richest 
collecting ground within the district. The Province of Manitoba con- 
tains numerous lakes, some of vast area, as Lakes Winnipeg and Mani- 
toba ; none, however, come within this district, nor have any yet been 
visited. 


The list of Sphingidee is but a meagre one, and I think hardly 
representative of the district ; certainly not of Manitoba as a whole. 
Nearly fifty per cent. of the Bombycide recorded were added this year, 
and they were, without exception, taken ‘“‘at light,” at the end of June 
and during July. But for this my list in these too would have been 
equally poor, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — 


Mr. E. F. Heath, who lives near Cartwright, in Southern Manitoba— 
a much better country than this, I believe, for the entomologist —could, I 
feel sure, supplement these records. 


Most of the Bombycide have been submitted to Dr. H. G. Dyar, 
to whom I am under special obligations for his generosity in returning 
nearly everything sent to him (a large proportion being “ uniques’). 
The Sesiidae were very kindly determined for me by Mr. Beutenmiller, 
through Dr. Dyar. I have also received welcome assistance from both Dr. 
James Fletcher and the Rev. C. J. S. Bethune. 


Hemaris thysbe, Fadr., var. ruficaudis, Kzrby.—In 1894 (June 17th) 
several were seen hovering over the blossoms of the Wild Pea, but only 
one was secured. Later a number were noticed (dead) in the windows 
of some empty shops. 


Met with again this season. 


Hemaris tenuis, Grt.—On April roth (1897) a pupa was found in 
the soil umder a log along the railway line at Brandon. The moth 
evolved on May 18th. 


Deilephila gallii, Ro¢t., var. chamenerii, Harr.—In the collection 
of Mr. H. W. O. Boger, of Brandon. 


Deilephila lineata, “adr.—Mr. Boger reported this moth as being 
very abundant, on the wing, ‘on August 25th (1896), in a market garden 
at Brandon, in the evening, as many as 20 or 30 being visible at the same 
time. It occurred here about the same date. On August 5th (1894), quite 
early in the afternoon, and in the bright sunshine, I noticed a Deilephila 
on the wing over some thistles on the prairie, but I failed to net it. 


Sphinx drupiferarum, S. G 4.—At Brandon (1897), by Mr. Boger. 


Sphinx luscitiosa, Cram.—On July ‘rst (1895) I found a ? at rest 
under the loose bark of a fence post, and on June 1rth (1896) a fresh f 
was found “sitting” on a sidewalk in the heart of the city. 


Sphinx chersis, H62.—July, one in a shop window, also at Brandon, 
in Mr. Boger’s collection. 


Sphinx albescens, Zepper.—July ist, one at light ; another taken at 
Rounthwaite, Man., by Mr. L. E Marmont. 


Ceratomia undulosa, Wa/k.—July 8th, one at light, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293 


Smerinthus geminatus, Say.—Common at light, June 27th to July 
roth. Only previous records, one at rest on a tree in Elm Park, June 
(1894), and July 2nd (1896) one ina spider’s web on a fence near the 
same locality. It had, without doubt, furnished a sumptuous repast, or 
several. 


Paonias excecatus, S.G».4.—At light, June 27th and July rst. Four 
specimens. 


Paonias myops, .S. Gy 4.—An example in Mr. Boger’s collection was 
taken at Prince Albert, N.-W.T. This species is likely to occur in 
Manitoba. 


Cressonia juglandis, S. G 4.—One at light, July 1st. 

Albuna pyramidalis, Barnst.—One, July 8th (1896), Bird’s Hill. 

Sesia rubrofascia, Hy. Hdw.—One, June 17th (1894). 

Sesia albicornis, Hy. Hdw.—Several, June 15th and 24th and July 
13th. 

Sesia sp.—July 26th, Brandon. One specimen spoilt in net, too 


rubbed to be determined. 


All these Sesiidze were taken when sweeping low herbage and flowers 
for Coleoptera, chiefly along railway tracks. 


Alypia Langtonii, Cowp.—Several at Rounthwaite, by Mr. Marmont. 
Scepsis fulvicollis, 4é7.—One at light, middle of July. 


Sarrothripa Lintneriana, Speyer.—My first records, Sept. rst and 13th, 
etc., show it to bea late species; but as I took it this year in July, at 
light, it my prove to be double-brooded. One of those captured is a 
very handsome variety. ~ 

Argyrophyes cilicoides, Grt.-— According to Dr. Dyar, this is a 
rare species ; it occurred at light from July 2nd to 2oth. 

Clemensia albata, Pack.—July 27th, etc., several at rest on trees in 
Elm Park, and one in the city. 

Crambidia pallida, Pack.—A pupa found under a stone at Bird’s 
Hill on July 21st (1895) produced the imago on Aug. 6th. Common 
this season at light, middle of July. 

Crambidia casta, Sand. (No. 988, Smith’s List)—A pair evolved on 
Aug. 4th (1896). The larvee were common under stones at Bird’s Hill 


294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


on July 7th and 8th, and a number were boxed. A day or two later 
during or after a journey to Brandon, most of them escaped from my jar, 
These larve were small ‘‘ woolly-bears,” hairs dark brown. I think they 
were full-grown. Dr. Dyar states that the larva of this moth has never 
been described, so I regret not having made some notes on its appearance. 
A pair, having twice the expanse and somewhat lighter secondaries, were 
captured on the wing at dusk, on an open hillside at Brandon, on Aug. 
27th this year. 

Hypoprepia fucosa, dx. (miniata, Kzrdy)—One at light on July roth 
(1896) at Brandon. 

Euphanessa mendica, Wa/k.—July 3rd, etc., common in Elm Park. 

Crocota ferruginosa, /Va/k.—One at Brandon, July 15th (1896). 

Crocota immaculata, Reak.—Several July 15th, 21st, etc., at Bird’s 
Hill, and on the prairies flying during the day. Very common this season 
during July at light. | Pupz found under boards, etc., on June 20th and 
July rst. 

Crocota quinaria, Grt.—Several in Elm Park and dark woods, July 
3rd, etc., flying during the day ; this species did not come to light. 


Callimorpha clymene, Browz. 


cs Lecontei, Baz. 
ec Wy var. militaris, Zarr. 
vestalis, Pack.—One specimen only--a beauty. 
All these Callimorpha were taken in Elm Park on July 1st and 3rd 


(1896). 

Platarctia hyperborea, Curt. (parthenos, Harr.)—A specimen of this 
beautiful moth was captured this season at Brandon by Mr. Boger. 

Arctia virgo, Ziav.—Common this season at light, July 3rd to middle 
of month. Previous records: July 15th (1895) an imago hiding at the 
roots of weeds in my garden ; a pupa found on July rst, produced moth 
on 13th of month; a larva taken under a log on April 22nd (1894), pro- 
duced the imago on July 3rd. 

Arctia Saundersii, Gr¢.—Common at light, middle to end of July. 
One under a stone in gravel pit at Brandon on July 31st (1896). 

Arctia virguncula, A77dy.—One at Rounthwaite, in Mr. Marmont’s 
collection. 

An Arctian in poor condition taken this year at es: by Mr, 
Boger, may be phalerata, Harr, 


bo 
co 
or 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Pyrrharctia isabella, S. Gy A.—Larve seen in 1894 ; moth not taken 
here. 

Spilosoma virginica, /aé7.—This moth appears to be rare here ; it 
did not come to light. A moth was taken July 26th (1895), and some 
larvee were seenon Aug. 25th, and several pup were found this spring 
at Brandon. 

Spilosoma prima, S/osson.—A moth evolved on May gth (1897) 
from pupa found at Brandon in April. 

Spilosoma antigone, Strk.—Several, Aug. 25th, etc. 

Hyphantria cunea, Dru.—Several, June (1894). 

Euchetes collaris, /z¢ci.—One at Brandon this season by Mr. 
Boger. 

Halisidota maculata, Hav7.—One, at light, July 1st. (This specimen 
differs considerably from my Hamilton, Ontario, examples. ) 

Orgyia antiqua, Zimn.—One, Aug. 15th (1895), at rest on a window 
in the city. 

Orgyia leucostigma, S. G 4.—Common at light, middle to end of 
July, and examples taken (also at light) on Sept. 24th and 28th. 

Parorgyia Clintonii, G. G #.—On July 23rd (1895) I found two 
cocoons of this species in the folds of an old newspaper in some open 
woods. A moth evolved from one about Aug. rst. The other produced 
several handsome ichneumons. 

Parorgyia plagiata, Wa/k.—Common at light, middle to end of 
July. . 

Tortricidia testacea, Pack.—Pairs by beating, June roth and 14th 
(1894). Specimens taken at light, end of June and beginning of July, 
this year were all poor. 

Ichthyura vau, /i¢ch.—Several, at light, middle to end of July. 

Ichthyura albosigma, /7#ch.—Common at light from July gth to 
end of month. 

Ichthyura Brucei, Hy. Hadw.—One or two, at light, about 2oth of 
July. 

Datana ministra, Drwv.—One, at light, July 2nd. 

Nadata gibbosa, S. G A.—Several, at light, June 27th to July 6th. 

Gluphisia trilineata, Pack,—Common at light during July. 

Notodonta elegans, Strk. (No. 1273, Smith’s List)—Four specimens 
at light, June 27th to July 2nd, 


296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Lophodonta angulosa, S. G A.—A pair at light, beginning of July. 

Macrurocampa Dorothea, Dyar.—One at light, beginning of July. 
This species was described and figured on page 176 of Vol. XXVIII. of 
the CanaDIAN Entomotocisr. Dr. Dyar states that my capture is only 
the second known specimen of this new species, and that it differs from 
the type in being darker and more heavily marked with yellow. 

Pheosia dimidiata, H.—S. (rimosa, Pack.)—A pair at light, one on 
June 27th, the other on July 26th. 

Edema albifrons, .S. G» 4A.—Several, at light, at the end of June. 

Seirodonta bilineata, Pack.—July 8th (1894), one on a fence in 
the city. 

Dasylophia anguina, S. G: 4.—One or two at light early in July. 

Schizura ipomee, Doud. 

«“ _-var. cinereofrons, Pack. 

Both these forms sparingly at light, July 2nd to 25th. But one 
specimen (cinereofrons) taken before in the district. July 14th (1895), 
at rest on a fence. 

Schizura eximia, Grt. (No. 1300, Smith’s List)—Several, at light, 
early in July. 

Schizura badia, Puck. (No. 1302, Smith’s List) — Taken at light 
from the end of June until nearly the end of July, but not common. 

Schizura unicornis, S. 6» A.—Three at light early in July. 

July roth, three at light. 


Ianassa lignicolor, Wadk. 


Cerura occidentalis, Zzu¢.—New to me this season ; took one at rest 
on side of house the first week in June ; examples came to light on June 
27th, July 15th, 18th and roth. 

Cerura cinerea, Wa/k.—One at light, middle of July. 


Dryopteris rosea, Wa/k.—Common at light from July 3rd to end of 
month, On June 23rd (1894) one taken in Elm Park, at rest on a leaf. 
Not seen again until this season. 


Dryopteris irrorata, Pack.—Two, at light, July 6th and 8th. 


Attacus cecropia, Zéun.—A specimen has been bred from the larva by 
Mr. Criddle. near Douglas, Man 


Attacus columbia, Smit#h.—Recorded by Mr. E. F. Heath from 
Cartwright, and Mr. Marmont from Rounthwaite. Dr. Fletcher says 
that the food plant in the Northwest is Eloeagnus argentea. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297 


Actias Luna, Zinn.--The Rev. W. Burman, of this city, reports 
the capture of a specimen in Elm Park, and last season in the same 
place I picked up a cocoon, most likely belonging to this species ; it 
contained the decayed remains of the larva. 


Telea polyphemus, Cram.--Winnipeg and Brandon, at light in June. 
Anisota virginiensis, Dru.—Recorded from Miami, Man., by Dr. 
Fletcher. ‘The larve causing damage to oak trees. 


Clisiocampa fragilis, Stretch.--July 10th (1896) and later at Bran- 
don ; several at light and on fences. Also this season at Winnipeg, at 
light, in July. 

Clisiocampa americana, Harr.—A moth evolved on July 15th (1896) 
from full-grown larva taken on June zoth. Several at light this season in 
July. 

Clisiocampa disstria, Hbn.-—One, at light, towards end of July. 

Phyllodesma americana, Harr. (No. 1414 Smith’s List)—One, at 
light, on July rst. 

Hepialus argenteomaculatus, Harvy.—This moth appeared to be 
abundant here in 1895. I took specimens on the wing in my garden 
about dusk on July 11th, r5th and 17th; they were all hovering (a most 
peculiar flight they have) over some high weeds. Specimens were taken 
at rest on July 13th and June 3oth (1896). On the first mentioned 
occasion the moth was holding on to a tall stalk of grass within a yard 
or so of a railway track. 


This is a very variable insect, no two of those captured agreeing in 
colour or markings. Mr. Marmont has one, taken at Rounthwaite, which is 
nearly white. The records of captures at light, where the year is not 
given, are all for 1897. 

(To be continued.) 


The readers of this magazine will deeply sympathize with PROFESSOR 
H. F. Wickuam, of the State University of Iowa, who has found himself 
compelled, in consequence of serious trouble with his eyes, to give up 
the study of Entomology. He is now disposing of his splendid collec- 
tion of North American Coleoptera. This is a rare opportunity for 
Entomologists to complete their representatives of various families of 
beetles. That his eyes may ere long be restored to their normal con- 
dition is the earnest wish of all his friends, 


+ 
298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


BOOK NOTICES. 


TuHe Book oF BririsH BUTYERFLIES.—A practical manual for Collectors 
and Naturalists: 1 vol., pp. 247. (3s. 6d.) 

Tue Book oF British HAwk-Morus.—A popular and practical Hand- 
book for Lepidopterists: 1 vol., pp. 157. (3s. 6d.) By W. J. Lucas, 
B. A. London: L..Upcott Gill, 170 Strand, W. C. 

Many excellent works on British Butterflies have been published 
during the last twenty-five years, and one would naturally suppose that 
there was little need of another book on the subject. Mr. Lucas, how- 
ever, has succeeded in producing a very useful and excellent popular 
manual, which will be a welcome aid to those who wish to study the life- 
history of butterflies as well as to identify the specimens they may collect 
in the British Isles. As it is intended for those who have made no 
previous study of the subject, the author begins at the beginning, telling 
the reader what an insect is, what place the butterfly takes in nature, how 
to capture, set and care for specimens, and then describes each British 
species from the egg to the imago in clear and simple language, and in 
almost every instance gives admirable drawings of the caterpillar, chrysalis, 
and both surfaces of the imago. As there are no less than 266 figures in 
illustration of sixty-eight species, the collector should have no difficulty 
in determining any specimen of butterfly in any of its stages (except the 
egg) that he may chance to find. A book such as this should give a great 
impetus to the study of the preparatory stages of British butterflies, a 
section of entomology which is usually neglected in favour of the mere 
collection and arrangement of the perfect insects. A volume such as this 
on Canadian butterflies would be a very welcome aid to,a large number 
of young people whose interest has been aroused by the beauty and 
variety of our species, but whose enthusiasm is soon dampened by the 
difficulty of obtaining any information about them. 


‘The Book of British Hawk-Moths,” by the same author, deals with 
a somewhat less familiar group, and gives much useful information that it 
would otherwise be hard to find. The plan of the work is similar to that 
of the Butterfly book, and it is written in the same clear and simple style. 
As there are only seventeen species to deal with, the writer is able to go 
more fully into details respecting them, and to make his work all the more 
complete and popular. He has also provided artificial keys to the larvze 
and imagines, and tables for distinguishing the species where there. is 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299 


more than one representative of the genus. The fifteen plates with which 
the volume is illustrated are very beautiful, and are admirably drawn by 
the author himself. Each species is represented life-size, and is shown as 
a caterpillar on its food-plant, chrysalis, and imago. There are also 
eighteen wood-cuts, for the most part illustrating details of structure. It 
is to be hoped that the author will continue his good work until he has 
completed the British Lepidoptera, or at any rate the more conspicuous 
and familiar families. 


Lire Histories OF AMERICAN INsEcTs.—By Clarence M. Weed: 1 vol., 
pp. 272. ($1.5c.) New York: The Macmillan Company. 


The publication of a popular book on insects is so rare an event on 
this side of the Atlantic that we heartily welcome an addition to the 
number, especially when it is so excellent and satisfactory as the volume 
before us. Dr. Weed has selected some five and twenty more or less 
familiar insects, and in a pleasant manner has given some account of their 
life histories. The chapters are quite independent of each other and 
arranged in no particular order ; the book may therefore be opened at 
random, and the sketch that may be hit upon read without any detriment 
to the continuity of the work. Some of them which deal with such 
creatures as the leaf-miners are naturally very brief, since so little is known 
about these tiny foes to vegetation, but of other species which have been 
subjects of particular study on the part of the author we find long and full 
descriptions. Among the latter may be mentioned the interesting account 
of the hibernation of aphides, the chapters on “harvest spiders,” the 
“‘army-worm,” etc. Any one, young or old, who has any desire to read 
about the wonderful creatures that inhabit the world, and to know some- 
thing about their modes of life, cannot fail to be pleased with this book, 
and to be led on, we should hope, to make his own observations of their 
curious habits and strange doings. The volume is handsomely illustrated 
with 21 full-page plates and nearly roo figures in the text. 

INSECTS AND SPIDERS: their Structure, Life Histories and Habits.—By 
J. W. Tutt: 1 vol., pp. 116. (1 shilling.) London: George Gili & 
Sons, Warwick Lane, E. C. 

In the Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 
1896 much attention was paid to the subject of teaching natural history, 
and especially entomology, in schools, and the desire was expressed that 


300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


some handbook might be drawn up for the assistance of teachers in rural 
schools. ‘The volume before us is the very book that is needed, if only it 
dealt with Canadian instead of British insects. In England “Object 
Lessons” are a compulsory part of the curriculum in elementary schools, 
and the teachers are required to give their pupils a series of simple 
lessons “adapted to cultivate habits of exact observation, statement, and 
reasoning.” These lessons are to be ‘‘on objects and on the phenomena 
of nature and of common life,” and a wide discretion is thus left in the 
hands of the teacher. In the country schools of Ontario no subject could 
be more useful than the study in this way of the commonest species of 
injurious and beneficial insects, and no subject is likely to compare with 
it in interesting the pupils. A further advantage is the ease with which 
specimens can be obtained and their life histories traced. Mr. Tutt’s 
volume is admirably adapted for the use of teachers in providing lessons 
of this kind. After giving a general account of the external structure 
of insects, their internal organs and metamorphoses, he devotes the 
‘‘ Lessons” to typical common species of each order, giving similar parti- 
culars regarding the individuals and any general facts of interest that 
bear upon them. Each insect treated of is also illustrated with plates and 
wood-cuts. It is not, however, a text-book for pupils, but is meant for the 
instruction and equipment of the teachers, affording them an excellent 
foundation upon which to frame the instructions they are to give to those 
committed to their charge. 


VANESSA MILBERTI. 


In ‘‘ The Butterflies of the Eastern Provinces of Canada,” by Rev. C. 
J. S. Bethune (Ent. Soc. of Ont. Report, 1894), it is stated that individuals 
of this butterfly were seen as late as the 18th Oct. Isaw two specimens 
on the 25th Oct., flying actively across a street near the Hotel Dieu, 
Montreal. This usually common butterfly is scarce within the range of 
my entomological field work, which is principally confined to the north- 
east slope of Mount Royal, and the streets of Montreal around that 
neighbourhood. Only one other specimen was seen by me this season, 
and that was also at alate date, the rgth Oct. My collection specimen 
was caught in 1894, and since then, I have not seen another in the same 
district until the above appeared. 

This butterfly was common around St. Andrews East, Que., from 
the rst to the 4th Aug., 1896. CHARLES STEVENSON, Montreal. 

[A specimen was seen on the wing at Port Hope on the sth of 
November last,—Ep. C. E.} 


Mailed December 6th, 1897. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXIX. 


Acanthoderes, table of species, 206. 
Acmeops, table of species, 171, 
Agabinus glabrellus, 239. 
Agonoderus pallipes, 100, 
Agrotis catherina, 117, 224. 
crassa, 58. 
Agymnastus, n. gen., 75. 
Alaska, Syrphidze from, 121. 
Amara insularis, 239. 
Ancylocera bicolor, 148. 
Ancyloxypha Longleyi, n. sp., 80. 
Anthidium, New Mexico species of, 220. 
" emarginatum, 223. 
" gilensé, n. sp., 222. 
" interruptum, 223. 
" larre@, 0. Sp., 220. 
" maculifrons, 223. 
" maculosum, 223. 
" occidentale, 222, 
pudicum, 222 
Maliepliias, table of species, 171. 
Ants and Myrmecophilous insects from 
Toronto, 100, 
Ants, naked and cocoon pupe of, 147. 
Anyphena fragilis, n. sp., 194. 
Aphorista leta, 239. 
" morosa, 239. 
Aphylla producta, 184. 
Afpote, n. gen., 73. 
u  notabilis, N. Sp.y 73. 
Arctiadz, generic revision of the, 209. 
Argynnis Charlottit, n. sp., 39. 
" chariclea, var. arctica, 155. 
" idalia in New Brunswick, 93. 
" Meadii, 155. 
" nevadensis, 155. 
" platina, n. sp., 154. 
" polaris, 155. 
" Snydert, N. sp., 154. 
Arhopalus fulminans, 150. 
Arigomphus, n. gen., 181 (note). 
" Australis, n. sp., 184. 
Arma placidum, 116, 
Asclepradiphila, n. gen., 263. 
" stephanotidis, n. sp., 263. 
Asemum atrum, 105. 
n  meoestum, 105. 
iat >a W. H., articles by, 53, 56, 113, 
2 
Aspidiotus perniciosus, 173. 


Aspidiotus reniformis, 0. sp., 265. 
" tricolor, n sp., 266, 
Aspidites, table of species, 266. 
Atimia confusa, 169. 
Attalus subfasciatius, n. sp., 243. 
Augochlora, Mexican bees of the genus, 4, 
63, 68, 176 
Augochlora, table of Mexican species, 68. 
" aurifera, N. sp , 6. 
" Binghami,n sp., 5, 68. 
1 Robertsonz, . Sp.y 69. 
" Townsend?, 0. Sp., 69. 
Aulax nabali, description of larva, 79. 
Aulocera Elliotti, 75. 


Baccha clavata, 130, 
n lemur, 131. 
Baker, C. F., articles by, 38, 111, 157. 
Balaninus occidentis, 240. 
Banks, N., article by, 193. 
Barnes, W., article by, 39. 
Batyle ignicollis, 148. 
»  suturalis, 148, 
Bees referred to Panurgus and Calliopsis, 
generic position of, 287. 
Bellamira scalaris, 187. 
Bergiella, n. gen., 157. 
Bethune, C. J. S., articles by, 24, 25, 298, 


299. 
Bibliography of Chrysomelidz, 62, 
Blueberry spanworm, 49. 
Bombycine moths, monograph of: Pack- 
ard, 23. 
Book notices, 22, 179, 200, 298. 
Brachypalpus inarmatus, Ni. sp., 142. 
Brainerd, D., article by, 272. 
Brephos infans, early stages of, 272. 
»  Middendorfi, 3. 
Brotis vulneraria, 160, 
Bumble flower-beetle, 49. 
Butterflies, book of British : Lucas, 298, 
" hind wings of, 174. 
" rare, 208. 


Callidium aereum, 107, 
" antennatum, 107. 
" janthinum, 107, 
Callimorpha again, 97. 


302 


INDEX TO a UAE XXIX. 


Callimorpha fulvicosta, description of 


larva, 98. 

Callimoxys sanguinicollis, as: 
Calliopsis, bees referred to genus, 
Calloides nobilis, 150. 
Capnobotes, n. gen., 73. 

" Bruneri, 0. Sp.) 74. 

" fuliginosus, 74. 

" occidentalis, 74. 
Cassidini, table of genera, 61. 
Catocala insolabilis, remarkable appear- 

ance of, 76. 

Catocala Sappho, 220, 
Cectdomyta-celtis, n. gen., 247. 

" »  deserta, N. Sp., 
Centrodera decolorata, 170. 
Centruchus Liebeckii, 39, 89, 245. 
Cerambycidz of Ontario and Quebec, 81, 

105, 148, 169, 187, 201. 
Cerambycidz, table of genera, 55. 
Cercyon luniger, 239. 

Cerotoma trifurcata, 12. 
Cheetocnema, table of species, 37. 
Chelymorpha argus, 62. 
Chilosia Alaskensis, n. sp , 
" Aldrichi, 126. 
" gracilis, n. sp., 126. 
1  pacifica, n. sp., 127. 
n plutonza, n. sp., 125. 
n punctulata, n. sp., 128. 
Chionaspts aucube, n. Sp., 279. 

" Cockerelli, n, sp., 278. | 

" latissima, N. sp., 282. | 
Chionaspis pinifiolia heterophylla, n. var, 

28 


287. 


247. 


124. 


Chionaspis wistaria, n. sp., 280. 
Chion cinctus, 108. 
 garganicus, 108, 
Chionobas varuna, 219. 
Chrysogaster pictipennis, 124. 
Sar aa labyrinthica, 63. 
pnirsa, 63. 
Chrysotaeliie of Ontario and Quebec, 7, 
29, 60, 
Chrysophanus helloides, 119, 
Cicada septendecim in Eee 225. 
Cleonus basalis,n. sp., 242. 
Clytanthus ruricola, a 
Coccidz associated with ants, 90, 
Coccidze collected in Mexico, 265. 
Cockerell, T. D. A., articles by, 4, 25, 
65, 68, 90, 120, 220, 223, 265, 287. 
Calioxys menthe@, n. sp., 120. 
Calus pacificus, N. Sp.4-241. | 
nu remotus, N. Sp., 241. 
Ccenonympha Haydenii, 156. 
Colaspidea subvittata, n. sp., 243. | 


Coleoptera of Canada, 7, 29, 60, 81, 105, 
148, 169, 187, 201. 
Coleoptera of South California Islands, 


v) 
. 


Colias amphidusa, 219. 
"1  ceesonia, 219. 
1 eriphyle, 219. 
1 eurytheme, 219. 
1 interior, life history of, 249. 
n Keewaydin, 219. 
_pelidne, n. var. Skevverd, 41, 
1 philodice, melanic form, 208. 
Columbine borer, 161. 
Comstockiella sabalis, n, var, Mex?zcana, 
267, j 
Conchaspis Newsteadi, 0. Sp., 270. 
Cooley, R. S., article by, 278. 
Coptocycla aurichalcea, 61. 
" clavata, 61. 
" guttata, 61. 
Coquillett, D. W., article by, 162. 
Crepidodera, table of species, 34. 
Crinkled flannel moth, 1. 
Criocephalus, table of species, 106, 
Criorhina verbosa, 141. 
Crypturus albomaculatus, 114. 
" Dyari, n. sp. 113. 
" texanus, II4. 
Cyllene pictus, 149. 
" robiniz, 149. 
Cynipidz, five new genera of, 260. 
Cyrtinus pygmieus, 204. 
Cyrtophorus insinuans, 153. 
" verrucosus, 153. 


Dermestes Mannerheimii, 244. 

" marmoratus, 244. 

" tristis, D. Sp. 244. 
Desmocerus palliatus, 169. 
Diabrotica 12-punctata, II. 

" longicornis, 7, II. 

" vittata, 10, 
Diaspis persimilts, n. sp., 267. 
Diastictis inceptaria, 49. 
Dibolia borealis, 37. 

Diptera from Yucatan and Canipedtion 197: 
Disonycha, table of species, 32. ; 
Dorydiella, n. gen., 159. 

" floridana, n. sp., 159. 
Dorydini, some new and little known, 157. 
Dorytomus squamosus, oviposition of, 180. 
Dragonflies, on rearing, 94. 

Dunning, S. N., articles by, 47, 244. 
Dyar, H. G., articles by, 12, 22, 67, 77, 

97; 209, 217, 297. 

Dyar, H. G., change of address, 290. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXIX. 


303 


Eburia quadrigeminata, 109. 
Economic Entomologists, Association of, 


230. 
Elaphidion, table of species, 109. 
Electric light, collecting at, 177. 
Encyclops cceruleus, 173. 
Endeodes collaris, 240. 
Entomological Society of Ontario, To- 

ronto Branch, 2, 104. 

Entomological Society of Ontario, Quebec 

Branch, 104. 

Epirrhanthis obfirmaria, life history of, 

258. 

Epitrix cucumeris, 34. 
Eristalis Meigenii, 132. 

" montanus, 134. 

" occidentalis, 133. 
Errata, 160, 181, 224. 
Euderces, table of species, 152. 
Euphoria inda, 50. 

Eupoeya, notes on, 67. 
" Slossoniz, larva of, 68 
Eupoeya Slossoniz, two new 
from, I13. 
Euschistus politus, n. sp , 117. 


parasites 


Fall, H. C., article by, 233. 
Fiske, W. F., article by, 26. 
Fletcher, J., articles by, 93, 200. 
Formica fusca, 147. 
" lasioides, 147. 
French, G. H., articles by, 80, 263, 283. 
Fyles, T. W., articles by, 79, 258. 
Fyles, Rev. T. W., portrait and notice of, 


256 


Galeruca externa, II. 
Galerucella, table of species, 9. 

" xanthomelna, 7. 
Galerucini, table of genera, 7. 
Gall-making Diptera, two new, 247. 
Galls, a principle toobserve in naming, 247. 
Gaurotes cyanipennis, 172. 

Gillette, C. P., article by, 180. 
Glyptina, 36. 
Goes, table of species, 206, 
Goding, F. W., article by, 245. 
Gomphinz, North American, 164, 181. 
Gomphus, table of imagoes, 166, 

" " nymphs, 167. 

" fraternus, 164, 186. 

" parvulus, 164, 186. 

" umbratus, D. Sp., 184. 
Gonocallus collaris, 106. 
Gracilia minuta, I10, 
Grapta comma, 119. 

1  interrogationis, 26, 118, 219, 273. 


Grote, A. R., articles by, 23, 174. 


Hadronotus mesill@, n. sp., 25. 
Haida, n. gen., 285. 

un  Keent, n. sp., 285. 
Halobatopsis Beginii, n. sp., 56. 
Halictoides campanule, n. sp., 289. 

" species of, 289. 

Haltica, table of species, 33. 
Halticini, 1 genera, 7. 
Hanham, A. W., articles by, 3, 291. 


Harrington, W. H.., articles by, 16, 43. 


Heath, E, F., article by, 219. 
Heliastus aridus, 75. 

" Californicus, 75. 
Helophilus aureopilis, 139. 

" divisus, 138. 

" Dychei, 136. 

" integer, 139. 

" latifrons, 138. 

" latitarsis, 134. 

" Mexicanus, 137. 

" pllosus, N. Sp.y 137+ 
Hemiberlesia, n. subgenus, 267. 
Hemihalictus lustrans, 288. 

Hepialus quadriguttatus, 244. 
Herpetogomphus pictus, n. sp., 181, 
Heterachthes quadrimaculatus, 110. 
Heteroptera, notes on predaceous, II5. 
Hind wings of day butterflies, 174. 
Hipocritidz, generic revision of the, 209. 
Hippodamia ambigua, 239. 

Hunter, W. D., article by, 121. 

Hydrecia purpurifascia, 161. 

Hylotrupes bajulus, 108. 

" ligneus, 108. 

Hymenoptera of Vancouver Island, 16, 43. 
Hypogymnide, generic revision of, 12, 


Icius canadensts, n. sp., 196. 

» Peckhame, i. sp., 223. 
Insects and Spiders: Tutt, 299. 
Ipochus fasciatus, 204, 240. 


Junonia ccenia, var, negra, 155. 


Keen, J. H., article by, 285. 
King, G. B., articles by, 90, 100, 147. 
Kirkland, A. H., articles by, 115, 230. 


Lamiinz, table of genera, 202. 
Lanthus, n. gen., 167. 

" parvulus, 166, 186. 
Lecaniodiaspis radiatus, n. sp , 269. 
Lecanium chilaspidis, 0. sp., 268. 

" perditum, n. sp., 267. 
Lecanopsis lineolate, n. Sp. 90 


304 


Ledra aurita, 38. 

1 perdita, 38, 89, 245. 
Leptostylus, table of species, 207. 
Leptura, table of species, 188. 
Libellula deplanata, 144. 

" exusta, 145. 
Life Histories of American Insects : Weed, 

299. 
Liparocephalus brevipennis, 285. 

" cordicollis, 286. 

Llaveia axinus, 271. 
Longitarsus, table of species, 35. 
Lost Ledra again, the, 89, 245. 
Luperodes meraca, II. ~ 
Lyczna comyntas, 208. 
Lyman, H. H., articles by, 249, 273. 


Mallota facialis, 143. 
Mamestra circumcincta, 57. 
" olivacea, 57. 
Manitoba Moths, list of, 291. 
Mantura floridana, 36, 
Megalopyge crispata, I. 
Megalopygide, notes on, 67. 
Melanopli, genera of North American : 
Scudder, 200. 
Melanostoma mellinum, 129 
Melitzea alma, 155. 
aMmicia, 155. 
1 Beant, n var., 155. 
1 Gulle/tet, n. sp., 40. 
»  nubigena, n. var, capella, 41. 
Merium proteus, 108. 
Microcentrus cary, 38, 89, 246. 
Microclytus gazellula, 153. 
Microdon megalogaster, 123. 
" viridis, 123. 
Microrhopala, table of species, 60, 
Miota canadensis, n. Sp., 54. 
 vufopleuralis, n. sp., 54. 
Moffat, J. A., articles by, 160, 177, 224, 
Molorchus bimaculatus, 148, 
Monodontomerus stigma, 59. 

" viridzeneus, 59. 
Monohammus, table of species, 205, 
Monoxyia consputa, 10, 

Moths, book of British : Lucas, 298. 
Murtfeldt, Mary E., article by, 71. 
Myrmecophilous insects from Toronto, 100. 


Necydalis melittus, 169. 

Needham, J. G., articles by, 94, 144, 164, 
181. 

Neoclytus, table of species, 151. 

Neuration, new method of studying, 199. 

Nomenclature, rules for regulating: Wal- 
singham and Durrant, 22, 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXIX. 


Obrium rubrum, rit, 
Odontota, table of species, 60. 
Q@daspis-solidago atra,n. sp., 247. 
(Edionychis, table of species, 30, 
Ophiogomphus Carolus, n. sp , 183. 
" JSohannus, 0. sp., 182. 
Orcus, n. gen., 167, 181 (note), 
Orthaltica copalina, 35. 
Orthoptera, guide to genera and classi- 
fication: Scudder, 200, 
Orthoptera of Nova Scotia: Piers, 24. 
Orthoptera, synonymical and descriptive 
notes on North American, 73. 
Orthosoma brunneum, 83, 
Osborn, H., article by, 84. 
Osmia, new forms from New Mexico, 65. 
1 cevast, nN. Sp., 66. 
1 phenax, n. sp., 66. 
1 prunorum, n. sp., 65. 
Otiorhynchus ovatus, 100, 


Pachyta, table of species, 170, 
Pantoclis canadensts, n. sp., 55- 

" stmults, MN. SP 5 55+ 
Panurginus, species belonging to, 290, ~ 
Panurgus, bees referred to genus, 287, 
Papilio Ajax, 119, 208. 

1»  Asterias, new food plant for, 263. 
» Troilus, 208, 
Parabolocratus flavidus, 158. 

n ~Uruguayensis, 157. 
Parandrena andrenoides, 288%. 
Paraphlepsius, n gen., 158. 

" ramosus, N. sp., 158. 
Parasite of Hemipterous eggs, 25. 
Parasitic diseases of poultry : Theobald, 

£379 
Patateras, n. gen., 262. 

" Hubbardi, n sp., 262. 
Patton, W. H., articles by, 59, 247, 248. 
Pelecystoma eupayia, 0. sp., 113. 
Phenacoccus Americana, n. sp., 91, 
Philzenus, notes on, I11. 

" americanus, D. Sp., 112. 
Phobetus comatus, 240. 

Phorbia rubwvora, n. sp., 162. 
Phyciodes Barnesi, 0. sp., 155+ 
Phyllobrotica, table of species, 11. 
Phyllotreta, table of species, 36. 
Phymatodes, table of species, 107. 
Physocnemum brevilineum, 106, 
Physonota unipunctata, 61. 
Phyton pallidum, 111. 

Pieris Ochsenheimeri, 156. 
Plesiocrerius lobiceps, n. sp., 196. 
Plagionotus speciosus, 150. 
Plagithmysus, table of species, 151. 
Platychirus cheetopodus, 129. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXIX. 305 


Podisus placidus, 115, 160, 

Porthetria dispar, 115. 

Prionus laticollis, 83. 

Proctotrypide, new Canadian genera and 

species, 53. 

Progomphus obscurus, 184. 

Protandrena Bancroftz, n. sp., 264. 
" Cockerellt, D. Sp., 47+ 
" table of species, 48. 

Psenocerus supernotatus, 204. 

Pseudopanurgus, n. gen., 290. 

" athiops, 290. 
Psylliodes punctulata, 37. 
Pterallastes perfidiosus, n. Sp. 139. 
Purpuricenus humeralis, 149. 
Pyralid, a new, 71. 

Pyrameis Atalanta, 27. 

I'yrgus tessellata, preparatory stages of, 
283. 

Pyritts, n. gen., 131. 
" montigenda, N. Sp., 132. 


Raspberry cane maggot, 162, 

Rhagium lineatum, 170. 

Rhizobius lophanthe, 239. 

Rhopalocera, new species and varieties of, 
154. 

Rhopalopus sanguinicollis, 106. 

kipersia Blanchardiz, n, sp., 92. 

Robertson, C., articles by, 63, 176. 

Romaleum atoyiarium, 109. 


» ~~ rufulum, 109. 
Rhophites canus, 288. 
" quinquespinosus, 288, 


San José scale, food-plants of, 173. 
Scelolyperus maculicollis, 8. 
Schistocerca Americana at Toronto, 89. 
Scorpioteleta, n. gen., 53. 

" mirabilis, N. Sp., 53- 
Scudder, S. H., article by, 73. 
Semiophora tenebrifera, 177, 224. 
Sibine fusca, description of larva, 77. 

table of larvae, 77. 
Skinner, H., articles by, 154, 199. 
Slingerland, M. V., articles by, 1, 49, 161, 
16251 |. 
Smith, J. B, article by, 57. 
Serer A. J., articles by, 76, 118, 220, 
1 change of address, 290. 
Becneberpiclla Lynchii, 157. 
" Mexicana, n. sp., 157. 
" vulnerata, 157. 
Sphinx luscitiosa, 224. 
Spider, a new Attid, 223, 
Spiders, descriptions of new. 193. 
Staphylinidee from Queen Charlotte Is- 
lands, 285. 


Stauronotus Elliotti, 75. 
Stelis costalis, 223. 
Stenosphenus notatus, 149. 
Stevenson, C., article by, 300. 
Strangalia bicolor, 187. 

" luteicornis, 187. 
Styliodon, n. gen., 53. 

1  polttum,n Ssp., 54. 
Stylurus, n. gen., 167. 

" Segregans, n. sp., 185. 
Syrphidz, North American, 121. 
Syrphus intrudens, 129. 

»  Lesueurii, 130. 

1  mentalis, 130. 

" -protritus, 130. 

»  umbellatarum, 130. 
Systasea pulverulenta, 156. 
Systena, table of species, 35. 


Talanus Campechtanus, n. sp.. 197. 

»  Yucatanus, n. sp., 198. 
Tanyrhinus singularis, 286. 
Terminius affinis, n. sp., 193. 
Tetropium cinnamopterum, 105. 
Thargalia Canadensts, n. sp., 194. 
Thecla damon, n. var, azscotdal’s, 156, 

" leeta, 208. 

Theridium dorsatum, 1. Sp., 195. 
" elevatum, 0. Sp., 195. 
Thrincus aridus, 75. 

1 Californicus, 75. 
Thymelicus Edwardsit, n. sp., 42. 
Thyreopus advenus, 248. 

Titanio helianthiales, n. sp , 71. 

" " larva of, 217. 

Townsend, C. H. T., article by, 197. 
Toxotus, table of species, 169, 
Tragosoma Harrisii, 83. 
Triodonta Montana, 142. 
Trirhabda, table of species, 8. 
Tropidia mamillata, 144. 
Tylonotus bimaculatus, I10. 
Typocerus, table of species, 188. 
Tytthotyle, n. gen., 74. 

" maculatus, 75. 


Uber die Palpen der Rhopaloceren :° Reu- 


ter, 179. 


Van Duzee, E. P., article by, 160. 
Vanessa Milberti, 28, 300. 
Volucella apicifera, 131. 


Walker, E. M., article by, 89. 

Water bug, a new, from Canada, 56. 

Webster, F. W., articles by, 173, 179, 225. 
e 


306 INDEX TO VOLUME XXIX. 


Wickham, H. F., articles by, 7, 29, 60, 
81, 105, 148, 169, 187, 201. 

Wickham, Prof. H.-F , 277. 

Winn, A. F., article by, 273. 


_ Xanthogramma flavipes, 131. 
Xanthoteras, 0. gen., 261. 
Xylota analis, 143. 

w barbata, 142, 

n  ejuncida, 143. 

»  fraudulosa, 143. 
Xylotrechus, table of species, 150. 

" obliteratus, 240. 
Xystoteras, n. gen., 260. 
" volutelle, n. Sp», 260, 


Yucatan and Campeche, Diptera from, 
197. 


SS 


Zelotypa fuscicornis, nN. sp., 55. 
Zeugophora consanguinea, 63. 
" Kirbyi, 63. 
" scutellaris, 63. 
Zopheroteras, n. gen., 261. 


ERRATA, 


Page 100, 5th line from bottom, fot 
“ oratus”’ read ‘‘ ovatus.” 

Page 168, 12th line from bottom, prefix 
6% ” 


Page 168, 6th line from bottom, add 
** Stylurus ”’ : 

Page 208, 12th line from bottom, for 
‘teeta’ read £* lectas’’ 

Page 254, 27th line from top, insert a 
conima after ‘‘ stripe.” 


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